APT; Entomology the \\XALS AND MA<;A/.IXK OF NATURAL HlSTOBY/or February 1880.] V on tlie Genus Brahmoea o/ Walker. By ARTHUB G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. The first figure of a species hi this genus is that by Petiver (Gazoph. tab. 18. fig. 3), a perfectly recognizable illustration of a species recorded as coming from the island of Chusan, and, as I have noted (P. Z. S. 1860, p. 458), identical with B. lunulata and undnlata of Bremer, a good figure of which is given in Me'netries's Catalogue of the Lepidoptera in the St.-Petersburg Museum (pt. iii. pi. 15. fig. 5). The first description of an Oriental species is that of B. certhia given by Fabricius in the ' Entomologia Systematical iii. 1, p. 412. n. 16 (1707) ; and as this description does not seem to have been looked at by living Lepidopterists, at any rate in recent years, it will perhaps astonish them not a little if I quote it verbatim : — " Certhia. 16. B. alis patulis rotundatis fuscis apice cinereo albo fuscoque undatis. "Petiv. Gazoph. tab. 18. fig. 3. " Habitat in Chusau. Mus. Brit. " Magna. Corpus fuscum collari abdominisque lateribus cinereis. Alse omnes concolores, basi fuscse, apice cinerea3, albo fuscoque undata3." Therefore there cannot be a question that the B. lunulata (and undulata) of Bremer is the typical B.> certhia of Fabricius. The B. certhia of Walker, figured by myself (P. Z. S. 1866, p. 119, fig. 1), may consequently be named B. conchifera, on account of the beautifully shaded shell-like submarginal spots upon the wings. Another point in the synonymy of this genus has also been cleared up through the transfer of the types of Lepidoptera in the India Museum. Among these we received a Nepal species bearing the type-labels of B. Wallichii, Gray, and B. spectabilis, Hope, and agreeing perfectly with both descriptions and the figure. The spe- cimen is from the collection of General Hardwicke, as stated by Hope, and differs strikingly, both in coloration and pattern, on both surfaces from the better-known B. conchifera of Darjeeliug and Silhet. The true B. certhia of Fabricius, which 83 years ago was quoted as in the British Museum, is now also not to be found. Two examples of B. Wallichii in Mr. Druce's collection agree in all important characters with the type. N&8G059 [From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY for February 1882.] Description of a new Species of the Homopterous Genus Aphdznufrom Sumatra. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. THE species which I here describe was obtained last year by purchase, and it struck me at once as a very beautiful and new Homopteron allied to Aphcena submaculata ; but upon showing it to my friend Mr. W. L. Distant, I found that he was ^ in- clined to regard it as a very fine and highly coloured variety of that species, though without careful comparison of the structural details of the two insects he was not prepared to declare absolutely that they were not distinct. This, after a minute examination of our specimens, I am fully convinced to be the case, and therefore I do not hesitate to describe the species. Aphcena chioncemaj sp. n. General form of A. submaculata) but the tegmina relatively broader across the middle, owing to the greater arch of the costal margin* • the outer margin is also very decidedly longer, forming an oblique straight edge instead of an arch continuous with that of the apical portion ; the apex, there- fore, is more prominent than in A . submaculata. The thorax, * This I have proved by careful measurement, the difference in width between the middle and the widest part in these wings being exactly 2 inillirn. both in the larger and the smaller insect : to an artistic eye the different outline is most marked. 128 Mr. A. G. Butler on a new Species o/" Aplisena. though naturally larger altogether, is comparatively slightly shorter ; and the spinose dorsal processes in the centre of the hind margins of the meso- and metanotum are distinctly more prominent ; the posterior edge of the pronotum is more dis- tinctly carinate, and the surface much more irregular; the front margin of the head is comparatively much narrower, making the head altogether less quadrate in form ; the re- flexed frontal horn is considerably longer, being carried back- wards the whole length of the head over the pronotum, whereas in A. submaculata it is of only two thirds this length ; the upper surface of the horn is narrower throughout, and therefore more sharply sulcated down the centre ; the frons is almost identical in form and sculpture ; spines on the posterior tibiae less acute. Tegmina above blood- red, mottled all over with snow-white spots, most of which are confluent beyond the middle ; the costal and external borders regularly spotted, the former with white and the latter with slaty-black spots : wings intense black, sparsely spotted with white, bijt the spots much smaller than in A. submaculata] the apical border washed with chest- nut-red ; veins at base scarlet ; the abdominal and anal borders whity brown, interrupted by the white spots : head and pro- notum scarlet, the latter with black lateral anterior margins and a black spot on each side ; mesonotum black, with a large irregular central scarlet patch ; metanotum black, outlined in scarlet ; abdomen cadmium -yellow, almost entirely covered by the ordinary white waxy secretion common to the group ; tegmina below brilliant carmine-red, the basal two thirds streaked transversely with grey; a few white-centred glau- cous-grey rounded spots scattered irregularly over the external third ; costal border crossed by black spots and dashes ; ex- ternal border with a marginal series of small black spots. Wings below much as above, but the nervures beyond the middle relieved in greyish white, and the white spots congre- gated on the apical instead of the abdominal half, the borders also greyish, veins at base scarlet, as above : body below scarlet, margins of metasternum stramineous ; middle and posterior coxae clouded with black. *Exp. tegm. 89 millim. ; corp. long. 26; noti lat. 9; long, cum capite 12J; abdom. long. 13J. Sumatra (Ch. Curtis). Type B.M. [From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY /or July 1882.] On the Priority of Euploea Castelnaui of Felder over Euploea phoebus. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. In the first part of his 'RhopaloceraMalayana,' p. 24, Mr. Distant gives priority to E. Castelnaui ; he remarks as follows : — " As Mr. Butler has himself admitted the identity of his E. pTwebus and E. Castelnaui, Feld., of which there can be no doubt, it becomes neces- sary to use the earlier and Felderian name to this insect, though Butler still retains his own designation." Here Mr. Distant inserts a footnote to this effect : — " This author has (Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 3, vol. v. p. 471) argued that Felder's work was antedated." It is an exceedingly uufortunate fact that, although I have been assured positively on two different occasions (by men who knew the truth) that Felder's second volume was antedated, I have never been able to use their declarations as positive evidence — the first witness (an Austrian, though not an entomologist) having stated facts of which he did not know the importance, unaware that in so doing he was giving evidence against a personal friend ; to give the name of this innocent informer would have been inexcusable. The second case is a harder one, since we have here to do with a well-known German lepidopterist, who, though also a friend of the Felders, ought to have set aside his personal feelings in the interest of truth and justice. This gentleman showed me the actual date of publication written by himself upon the cover of the part when re- ceived, and he assured me that it had been forwarded to him (accor- ding to instructions given to the publisher) as soon as it ivas ready. I have elsewhere pointed out that Hewitson gave instructions * that the part should bo sent to him as soon as ready, but that he also never received it until the end of January 1867 ; nay, he was informed in the early part of that month that it was not ready. The explanation offered by the Felders was, I believe, that the coloured copies were not ready, but that the work could be obtained uucoloured. * I see, however, that I did not mention his name, although he never asked me not to do 80. It is a singular fact that early in 1 867, when I was commencing my ' Catalogue of Satyrinae in the British Museum,' I had seen neither the second nor the third parts of the ' Ileise derNovara;' and not knowing in which volume the Satyrinae would be published, I wrote to the Felders informing them that unless I could see proofs or advance sheets it would be impossible for me to include their species in my Catalogue; and that, in answer to this intimation, they forwarded to me proof-sheets with plates on thin paper of the second and third parts. One would have supposed, had the second part been ready in an uncoloured condition, that the Felders would have wished to prove the fact by sending it in its bound form with thick plates. Now my reason for again calling attention to this vexed question is from a feeling that Mr. Distant (to whom I had asserted my knowledge of the antedating of Felder's second part upon authority, to which, nevertheless, I was unwilling to refer) has hardly done me justice in allowing it to be supposed that I retained my own name, knowing that Felder's had priority. As for what he says about my quoting Felder's date subsequently, he must be aware that in so doing I had taken the date from the titlepage, either failing for the time being to recall the fact of its inaccuracy, or inserting it between inverted commas to show my disbelief in it. Mr. Distant is too old a friend not to be sure that I should at once prefer the name proved to be of earlier date whether it displaced my own or not: to retain one's own name for a species W7hen priority has been proved for that of another author, is a childish form of egotism of which, as he well knows, I was never guilty. [From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OP NATURAL, HISTORY/O/* January 188-3.] Note respecting Butterflies confounded under the n a me of Delias belladonna ofFabricius. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER. FOR some years past it has been maintained by most lepi- dopterists that Papilio belladonna of Fabricius, figured by Donovan in the ' Naturalist's Repository,' is the female of Delias Horsfiddii of Gray's ' Insects of Nepal ; ' on the other hand, I have always insisted that, however bad Donovan's figure might be, it represented a brown and not a black species, a male and not a female, and certainly a species in which the whole abdominal border of the secondaries was yellowish white, not partly white and partly yellow. Amongst the Lepidoptera of the late Mr. Charles Home, collected in the North-west Provinces of India, I found a single specimen of a Delias which, after comparison with Donovan's figure, I am satisfied represents the true D. belladonna • it is a brown, not a black insect, it is a male, not a female, and the abdominal border of the secondaries is wholly creamy 58 Mr. A. G. Butler on Delias belladonna. white ; the yellow spot at anal angle is also perfectly separate from the yellow commencement of the discal macular band, as in the figure by Donovan ; the shape and markings of the pri- maries are quite as in that figure, and therefore quite dissimilar from D. Horsfieldii $ . I think therefore that we may conclude that Delias bella- donna is a species confined to the North-west Provinces, that D. Horsfieldii is confined to Nepal, and that other forms allied to these may yet be expected to turn up. The two following -have been confounded with D. Horsfieldii : — Delias Hearseyi, sp. n. $ . Nearly allied to the Nepalese D. Horsfieldii^ slightly smaller ; the yellow patch at base of secondaries duller and of a more orange colour ; the yellow patch on abdominal area only represented by a dull yellowish nebula at the extremity of the white area, which is restricted owing to the anal angle being broadly black -bordered ; the yellow spot near anal angle represented by a few white scales, whereas in D. Hors- fieldii it is always present as a squamose yellow spot sub- confluent with the abdominal patch : on the underside all the yellow spots are of a dull chrome-yellow, not bright gamboge, as in D. Horsfieldii ; they are also rounded and narrower than in that species, so that they are in consequence smaller and further apart. Expanse of wings 79 millim. Barrackpore (Sir John Hearsey}. B.M. Delias Boylece, sp. n. J . Form and size of D. Horsfieldii^ but in the coloration of the wings much nearer to D. ithiela, the ordinary markings being represented by internervular grey streaks, upon which the submarginal spots of the primaries and three or four small spots on the disk of all the wings alone show white ; base of secondaries almost brick-red (or dull orange) j basal half of abdominal area grey, anal half bright chrome-yellow : below all the spots smaller and much more restricted than in D. Horsfieldii; all the yellow spots duller, chrome-yellow. Ex- panse of wings 84 millim. Darjiling (Mrs. E. V. Boyle). B.M. Females in this group seem to be very rare • of the four species here mentioned we only have male examples in the British-Museum series. [fro?n the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY for July 1885.J On Doratopteryx of Rogenhofer, a Genus of Moths allied to Himantopterus. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. IN my recent description of a new genus — Pedoptila y allied to Himantopterus — I referred (pp. 340 and 342) to a moth from Zanzibar identified many years since by Herr A. Rogerihofer as a Himantopterus^ of which, however, no description appeared to have been published. Herr Rogenhofer has kindly forwarded to me a separate copy of a short paper, published last year in the ' Sitzungsberichten der k. k. zoolog.-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien ' (vol. xxxiii.), in which a description of this moth appears, a new genus, DoratopteryXy being erected for its reception. Although, as I expected, this moth comes nearer to Pedoptila than to Himantopterus ) it must stand as a distinct genus between these two. Doratopteryx, as figured and described by Herr Rogenhofer, differs from Pedoptila as follows : — Doratopteryx. Expanse of wings 17 millim. Secondaries 17 millim. Costal and subcostal veins of pri- maries well separated. Subcostal branches separate at their origins. Lower radial and third median well separated at their origins. Secondaries with two veins. Pedoptila. Expanse of wings 23 millim. Secondaries 18^ millim. Costal and subcostal veins of pri- maries lying close together. Subcostal branches emitted from a short footstalk. Lower radial and third median from the same point. Secondaries with three veins. These characters are all easily seen ; but others are indi- cated which have rather a specific than a generic value, such as the form of the outer margin of the primaries, which in Doratopteryx is slightly sinuous (geschwungen), whereas in Pedoptila it is regularly arched, the slightly shorter inner margin of these wings in the former genus and the different coloration, the type of Doratopteryx having the wings smoky brown, with the basal area golden yellow, whereas Pedoptila is grey, with the base bright russet reddish. One difference which appears in the two figures is due to an injury to the type of Pedoptila. In Doratopteryx the first subcostal branch forks into two towards the apex ; this has, however, clearly been the case with Pedoptila^ only the apical portion of both primaries in Mr. Swanzy's specimen is broken ( 131 ) V. Descriptions and remarks upon Jive new Noctuid moths from Japan. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. [Read April 7th, 1886-1 THE species here described have been recently received from Messrs. Henry Pryer and George Lewis, who collected them personally in Japan. The difficulty of dealing with aberrant types of familiar genera, owing to the present imperfect definition of many groups of Noctuites, is at once apparent when one has to decide with what genus such a species as the first here described has the highest claim to be associated : that structural characters, as hitherto studied, are in- sufficient to decide the point, is evident : that characters exist in the present case, which can only be examined by destroying the type- specimen, is probable from the bizarre aspect of the insect ; but that this can only be done where there are plenty of specimens to sacrifice, is equally a lamentable fact. COSMIIDjE. Cosmia curvata, n. s. In form and general coloration like Cerastis spadicea, the outer margin of the primaries even more sinuous ; in structure almost identical with Orthosia suspecta ; * primaries sericeous, purplish slate-coloured with the exception of a submarginal band and the fringe, which are bronze-brown; ordinary lines black, slender, with whitish inner edges ; the first subbasal, angular, the second at basal third, oblique and slightly curved, the third just beyond the external third, nearly straight, but with a slight sinus at the point where it is crossed by the first median branch ; a fourth indistinct line, limiting the external border, nearly straight from costal * In neuration I can find no difference between Cosmia, Orthosia, and Cerastis, the primaries having five subcostal branches, all but the first starting from a post-discoidal cellule ; the lower radial and second and third median branches being also emitted close together. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1886. PART II. (JUNE). 132 Mr. Butler's descriptions and remarks upon margin to third median branch, and thence undulated to inner margin; discoidal spots outlined in white; secondaries sericeous bronze-brown, darker towards the outer margin; fringe whity- brown, traversed by a dark brown line ; body brown, the abdomen greyer than the thorax; under surface whity-brown, sericeous, with golden-bronze reflections; primaries, with the exception of the borders, suffused with blackish, and showing darker indications of the third and fourth lines of the upper surface ; secondaries crossed by two irregular ill-defined dusky stripes. Expanse of wings, 29 mm. Fukushima, 28th July, 1881 (G. Lewis) ; Yokohama (H. Pryer}. Mr. Pryer regards this as a Noctua : in pattern above it is most like a Mesogona, excepting in the border of the primaries, which is like that of an Orthosia : in some respects it is more like a Cerastis than a Cosmia, but the palpi correspond with those of the latter genus : singularly enough it agrees in most respects with the Notodontid genus Beara, but the flatter thorax, more prominent head, longer palpi, and the little cross-veinlet in the primaries forming the post-discoidal cellule, sufficiently distinguish it. It is strange that neuration should repeat itself, as it does, in widely distinct families ; in the present instance, however, the families are more nearly allied than they sometimes are : neuration, though invaluable as a generic character, cannot be used by itself for the definition of families, for, though it may serve to distinguish some, it will equally unite others which are far more distinct ; the little cell above or beyond the discoidal cell, and which has been called "post-discoidal," occurs in many groups of Bombycina, Geometrina, and Noctuina. The number of median branches to the secondaries (the radial when approximated to the third median being called a fourth) is not an invariable character, there being Geometrina, both with three and four so-called " median branches " ; whilst Argyria, which appears to be a Drepanulid (as I shall presently attempt to prove), corresponds closely, not only in neuration, but in every other respect, with Somatina, has only the normal Geometrid arrangement of three median branches, and, apart from its great resemblance to Cilix, fully justifies M. Guenee's decision that it belonged to the Geometrina : at the same time it possesses the same number of veins Jive new Noctuid moths from Japan. 133 as Cilix, has nearly the same arrangement of veins in the primaries, the principal difference consisting in the weak character of the disco-cellular veinlets and, in the secondaries, in the different relative position of the sub- costal and median branches, which thus necessitates an alteration in the form of the discoidal cell; such dis- tinctions, though wide enough to separate some families (as in the case of the (Enockromiida among the Geometrina), cannot be admitted to be of sufficient im- portance to enable one to place Argyria and Cilix in two tribes so wide apart as the Geometrina and Bombycina. On the other hand, the genus Teldenia (proved by breeding to be a true Drepanulid), which is even more Geometriform than Argyria, is intermediate in the character of its wing- veins between the latter and Cilix, whilst the genera Macrocilix and Auzata, formerly asso- ciated with Argyria and placed among the Geometrina, are in all their structural characters essentially Dre- panulidcB. Whether Somatina should also be placed in the latter family or not cannot be decided without breeding it; but, if I am right in locating Argyria there, it would indeed be strange that a genus almost identical with it in the imago condition should belong to so widely distinct a tribe as the Geometrina ; nevertheless, it should be borne in mind that structural characters in the imago stages of the Heterocera have not enabled even the best and most painstaking lepidopterist to assign certain genera to their natural positions, the genus Euphanessa, hitherto referred to Bombycina, but now proved to belong to the Geometrina, being a case in point. That the number of branches to the median vein of the secondaries should be regarded as invariably of the highest importance, will at once be seen to be absurd by anyone who examines the whole of the genera of Zyganida, in which the median branches vary from two to four, and the total number of veins in the secondaries from five to eight. Therefore, although it is as a rule safe to assume, because of a certain combination of characters in the imago, that a moth belongs to such and such a family, the existence of many aberrant forms, of which the life-history is known, and their natural position 134 Mr. Butler's descriptions and remarks upon therefore finally decided, renders any attempt to found a system of classification upon the external structure of the imago alone wholly futile. HADENID.E. Epia claripennis, n. s. Allied to E. echii of Europe ; of the same size and with nearly the same pattern ; the markings of the primaries are, however, more diffused and consequently less sharply denned, the discoidal spots are grey with white margins, the "orbicular" being oval, oblique, and diverging from the " reniform " spot, which is also less angular than in E. echii', below the "orbicular" spot and upon the interno-median area is an oblong blackish spot (as in Dianthecia capsincola), followed by a small fusiform white spot; below the latter there are no more white markings upon the central belt, the white internal patch which occurs in E. echii being absent ; the white maculation of the fringe appears also to be wholly absent ; the secondaries are white instead of grey, very glossy, and with a faint golden appearance in certain lights, the discal line and outer border are faintly indicated in grey ; the body is sordid whitish, the collar marked on each side with a little arched line ; on the under surface the diiferences are more marked, the primaries being greyish white to beyond the cell, the disc grey, and the outer border pale greyish brown ; the disco -cellular lunule is grey ; secondaries with the discal lines much less distinct and nearer together than in E. echii ; tibiae and tarsi of front legs greyish in front ; not distinctly banded as in the European species. Expanse of wings, 29 mm. Nikko (H. Pryer). Dichonia intermissat n. s. Intermediate in some respects between D. convergens and D. protect, ; in pattern, both above and below, most like the former, but in the colouring of the primaries approaching the latter ; the form of the discoidal spots, the presence of a pale spot below the " orbicular," and the well-defined marginal black dots also correspond with D. protea ; the pale scales on the primaries are, however, of a yellowish brown, rather than greenish, tint, and the reniform spot and the disc towards external angle are sprinkled with rust-red scales, somewhat as in D. convergens; the lines which bound the central belt are wider apart than in either species, and resemble those of D. genistce ; the secondaries are of a smoky- five new Noctuid moths from Japan. 185 grey tint, gradually darkening from the base to the outer margin ; the fringe white, traversed by a black line ; under surface smoky grey, the centre of the secondaries whitish, so as to show clearly a small black disco-cellular crescent; other markings obsolete. Expanse of wings, 38 mm. Japan (H. Pryer). In Staudinger's Catalogue I find that the three species above referred to are placed in three separate genera — D. convergens in Dichonia, D. protea in Dryobota, D. genista in Mamestra, but why is not stated ; and, after carefully comparing their structure, I fail to see any justification for such a proceeding. M. Guenee placed all three in Hadena, and indicated H. w-latinum (= genista) as type, though the latter was not originally recorded as a member of the genus in Schrank's enumeration of the species : the actual type of Hadena appears to be H. cucubaU, so far as I have been able to ascertain ;* the latter was originally associated by Boisduval with other clearly heterogeneous forms, as representing his genus Dianthcecia, and has subsequently been placed in the latter group. PLUSIID^. Plusia hiimeralis, n. s. Nearly allied to P. chryson ; of the same size, form, and general pattern, but the primaries without the golden patch, with the basal area lilacine grey, crossed close to the base by a blackish line, and just beyond this by a tapering blackish band ; central area more purplish in tint, with the three lines much darker, and the outer- most of the three less strongly undulated ; external and apical areas more bronzy, very glossy; secondaries whiter, the line and border better defined; thorax duller in tint, abdomen whiter; under surface cream-coloured instead of ochreous, but in other respects similar. Expanse of wings, 49 mm. Yezo (H. Pryer). POLYDESMID^E. Polydesma vulgaris, n. s. Primaries above greyish or cupreous-brown, always pale and more or less sericeous, crossed by numerous ill-defined brown or * Mr. Kirby has kindly assisted me in looking up the probable type of Hadena, but we have not been able to give sufficient time to the matter to come to any final decision. 136 Noctuid moths from Japan. reddish dentate-sinuate stripes, which, however, frequently are wholly lost in the ground colour; two reversed dentate-sinuate darker lines or two stripes slightly paler than the ground colour indicate the limits of the central belt ; the orbicular spot is usually ill-defined or absent, but sometimes represented by a whitish spot ; the reniform spot is oblique, large, usually whitish, but sometimes ochreous, though always with a white or whitish external edging ; the outer line or stripe bounding the central area occasionally has its dentate character defined by a series of black points at the extremities of the denticles ; so far all the characters are variable and inconspicuous ; the following characters are always better marked — a dark brown almost semicircular basi-costal patch, an unequally quadrate costal patch of the same colour beyond the cell, an irregular more or less dusky outer border bounded internally by a paler stripe, two more or less defined hastate black dashes on the radial interspaces interrupted by the submarginal pale stripe; a marginal series of black crescentic dots with pale inner edges and several dusky or blackish costal dashes ; secondaries varying from grey to brown, always sericeous, and with pale golden or bright cupreous reflections, a more or less distinct darker diffused external border ; an ill-defined marginal series of blackish dots ; fringe whitish ; body whity-brown ; head, collar and tegulse dark brown, varying in accordance with the colour of the primaries from greyish to reddish ; under surface varying from whitish to bronze-brown ; primaries with the central area slightly greyish ; all the wings with a blackish disco-cellular spot and two parallel discal lines from costal to inner margins. Expanse of wings, 34 — 50 mm. Male and female, Tokei (C. Maries) ; female, Chekiang (W. B. Pryer) ; male and female, Yokohama (H. Pryer). This perfectly typical Polydesma is noted by Mr. H. Pryer as a Xylophasia. It is an unusually variable species. ( 381 ) XV. Descriptions of 21 new genera and 103 new species of Lepidoptera-Heterocera from the Australian Region. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. [Bead June 2nd, 1886.] THE species described in the present paper were sent to the Museum for identification, with many other previously named species received at the Godeffroy Museum from collectors in Australia, Fiji, &c. Many of the species, as might have been anticipated, form the types of new genera, but at the same time the appearance of the greater part of them is by no means striking, their colouring being, as a rule, sombre, — of various shades of brown or grey. All the species here described have been seen by Mr. Meyrick since I wrote the descriptions. AGAEISTID^E. ^EGOCERA, Latr. 1. Mgocera cornigera, n. s. Allied to JE. diver sa (Agarista diversa, Walk.), the pattern of the primaries being very similar to that species and to A. ephyra (Herr.-Sch., Aussl. Schm., fig. 27), but of a cupreous-brown colour; base white, divided by the veins, two subcostal spots near the base ; an oblique abbreviated fascia immediately below the second subcostal spot, and below it again an elongated spot on internal border ; a large quadrate spot crosses the discoidal cell towards its extremity, and below it is an oblique irregular interno-median streak ; between the latter and the internal spot previously noted is a small internal dot ; beyond the cell is a broad almost 3-shaped fascia, and near the external angle a -cuneiform spot ; at about apical fourth is a subcostal dot ; an abbreviated series of seven dots crosses the disc almost parallel to the outer edge of the 3-shaped fascia, and is followed by a regular submarginal series alternating with a series of quadrate spots on the fringe ; all these markings are milk-white ; secondaries nearly as in JE. bicolor, ochreous, with a dark or cupreous-brown spot across the end of the cell, and TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1886. PART IV. (DEC.) 2 D 382 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- an irregularly sinuated external border of the same colour ; fringe white, ochreous at base and spotted with brown, in the male only towards apex, in the female throughout ; head and thorax white, the antennae, a spot on the head, the front of collar, shoulders, two longitudinal stripes on the thorax, and an oblique stripe on the tegulae brown, a short horny process, flattened and truncated in front projecting from the frons ; wings below much as above, but the primaries pale ochreous at the base so as to cover the subbasal spots of the upper surface, the white dots across the disc wanting, palpi white with an oblique lateral black dash and black terminal joint; body below pale ochreous, legs partly brown above, the tarsi barred with white ; venter barred with brown. Expanse of wings : male, 29 mm. ; female, 37 mm. Male, Gayndah ; female, Peak Downs. The singular frontal process possessed by this species occurs in a much less highly developed condition in M. diversa, and therefore I do not think it sufficient of itself to constitute a character of generic value. MILTOCHEISTA, Hubn. 2. Miltochrista simulans, n. s. Size and aspect of Nepita conferta (male), excepting in the absence of any dark border to the secondaries ; allied to Miltochrista (Barsine) placens from Timor and Ceram ; primaries above grey, crossed by five series of ochreous markings, the first across the base semicircular, the second forming an interrupted angulated band across basal third and consisting of four somewhat oval spots in pairs, the third consisting of three nearly equidistant spots in an angular series across the middle of the wing ; the fourth begins with an oval costal spot, below which is a sinuous series of seven small spots only divided by the nervures ; the last consists of three unequal angulated spots on outer margin; fringe ochreous; a series of black marginal dots partly impinging upon the fringe ; secondaries pale ochreous, slightly deeper towards external border; body ochreous ; thorax reddish, spotted with slaty black ; under surface more salmon-tinted than above, markings on the primaries obliterated excepting on the borders ; legs barred with dull greyish black. Expanse of wings, 32 mm. Kockhampton. To any one who neglected to examine the neuration in new species this would appear to be a Nepita Heterocera from the Australian Region. 383 (Liparida) ; that Nepita really belongs to the latter family has been proved to me by Mr. F. Moore. CYPTASIA, Walk. The following species belongs to a genus which has been referred to the Lithosiidce ; its structure appears to indicate some affinity to the Micro-Lepidoptera ;' never- theless, for the present it may stand where it has been placed. 3-. Cyptasia cristata, n. s. Somewhat nearly allied to C. egregiella, but smaller ; primaries bronze-brown, flecked with cream-colour and with seven unequal but nearly equidistant spots round the borders of the wing, three costal, the third being a mere narrow oblique dash, one external and three internal ; fringe yellow opposite to the white spots ; secondaries bright salmon-orange, with a few greyish scales at apex ; head sulphur-yellow, crested ; antennae pale bronze-brown, with white basal joint ; thorax dark brown, white-spotted behind ; abdomen salmon-coloured ; under surface salmon-coloured, the primaries greyish, especially towards apex; fringe alternately brown and sulphur-yellow as above. Expanse of wings, 20 mm. Gayndah. Until such genera as Themiscyra, Cyptasia, &c., have been carefully reared, and their actual affinities satis- factorily ascertained, their great resemblance to typical genera of Lithosiida will always tend to raise a doubt as to their actual distinctness from that family ; characters offered by the imago alone are, as already shown in the case of the various genera formerly associated under Acronycta, not always reliable ; and for this reason (if for no other) all families erected upon the structure of the imago alone should be regarded with disfavour by lepidopterists : there cannot be a question that the Micro-Lepidoptera ought to be distributed among the larger moths, and that the sole reason for which the fathers of Entomology associated them was their usually small size ; yet it has been difficult in some cases for the most careful students to decide to their own satis- faction whether they had before them a Deltoid or a Tortrix, a Noctua or a Tinea (these names are applied in their wide signification, of course) ; even the most confident workers have, after describing a species as a 384 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- Micro-Lepidopteron, come to the conclusion that it should have been placed amongst the Noctuites. XANTHODULE, n.g. Form of Setina (S. ramosa) ; general aspect of Eubaphe, neura- tion most like Eudule, but that of the primaries quite distinct ; costal vein terminating at third fourth of the margin, subcostal five-branched, the first three branches emitted before the end of the cell, fourth and fifth branches emitted from the anterior angle of the cell, forking from a long footstalk ; disco-cellulars inangled ; upper radial emitted from the anterior angle of the cell immediately below the last subcostal branch ; lower radial emitted close to the third median, having the appearance of a fourth median branch ; second and third median branches emitted near together but at some distance beyond the first, the latter running obliquely almost to the external angle, almost joining the submedian vein at its extremity ; discoidal cell of secondaries extending to second-third of wing, the costal margin slightly concave, costal vein running almost to apex, subcostal forked at some distance beyond the cell ; disco-cellulars unequally inangled ; radial emitted nearer to the median than to the subcostal vein so as to appear like a fourth median branch, it and the second and third median branches being about equidistant ; first median branch a little further apart ; body slender, the thorax rounded, the abdomen extending slightly beyond the anal angle of secondaries ; antennae thick at base, tapering, serrate -pectinated ; palpi wanting. 4. Xanthodule semiochrea, n. s. Primaries pale greyish brown, with an ill- defined paler oblique sinuous transverse central band; secondaries ochreous, with the apex and an ill-defined streak from it along the outer margin dark brown; head white, collar tinted with ochreous, thorax greyish white, abdomen whitish ; primaries below smoky brown, with a narrow tapering whitish apical border ; secondaries below as above ; legs (probably the palpi) and venter ochreous. Expanse of wings, 18 mm. Peak Downs. LIPARID.E. CHIONOPHASMA, n. g. Aspect of Porthesia, but with more thinly scaled wings, com- paratively smaller secondaries, and very different neuration ; primaries elongate-ovate, the costal margin only slightly convex, Heterocera from the Australian Region. 385 apex rounded, outer margin slightly convex, very oblique, con- tinuous with the inner margin, which is also slightly convex ; the neuration of all the wings utterly unlike that of any of the white - coloured genera of Liparidce ; costal vein of primaries terminating at about the third fourth of costa; subcostal five-branched, the first branch emitted before the end of the cell, and the four others form a long footstalk ; of these four short branches the first and fourth start almost from the same point, but from opposite sides of the vein, the first running to costa, the last to outer margin, and the intermediate pair form a short fork to apex; upper radial emitted from the anterior angle of the cell, lower radial from the posterior angle, where it appears as a fourth median branch ; disco- cellular veinlet inangled ; median branches nearly equidistant ; secondaries short, subpyriform ; costal vein running to apex ; dis- coidal cell short, not reaching the middle of the wing ; subcostal vein forked from a long footstalk at one-third the distance between the cell and outer margin ; disco-cellular extremely slender, in- angled ; no radial vein ; second and third median branches emitted from a short footstalk ; head and thorax clothed with woolly hair ; palpi depressed ; antennae short, pectinated ; abdomen with a large anal tuft ; legs tolerably robust, clothed somewhat sparsely with long silky hairs. In the branching of the subcostal nervure of the primaries, the forking of the subcostal and median veins of secondaries, and the total absence of a radial vein in these wings, this genus is most abnormal. 5. Chionophasma paradoxa, n. s. $ . Wings sernitransparent snow-white, with a faint silky gloss ; two very slender greyish lines on the fringe ; body white, sparsely scaled ; abdomen with golden ochraceous anal tuft ; under surface coloured as above. Expanse of wings, 32 mm. Eockhampton. This species was sent as the female of the succeeding Porthesia, to which, in common with many other Liparidce, it bears considerable resemblance ; an exami- nation of the structure would, however, convince the most sceptical that there is no relationship between them. 386 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- PORTHESIA, Steph. 6. Porthesia aliena, n. s. Primaries sericeous snow-white ; costal margin towards the base golden brown ; secondaries white, the veins broadly suffused with pale testaceous, giving the wings a creamy tint; thorax white, antennge with pale brown pectinations; abdomen, excepting at base, yellowish barred with black; anal tuft ochreous ; wings below white, slightly yellowish at the borders ; basal half of costal border of primaries dark brown ; pectus white ; palpi and front of anterior legs ochreous, legs otherwise cream-coloured; venter ochreous. Expanse of wings, 30 mm. Peak Downs. Allied to P. similis of Europe. LEPTOCNEBIA, n. g. Most nearly allied to Ocneria of Europe (0. rubra), but differing as follows :— Primaries comparatively longer, with more oblique and less regularly convex outer margin ; costal vein extending to about the second-third of costa ; subcostal with five branches, the first branch emitted considerably before the end of the cell and almost uniting with the second branch at some distance beyond the cell ; second branch emitted from the anterior angle of the cell, extending to the apex and throwing off the fourth and fifth branches from its inferior edge ; the fifth branch is emitted at some distance beyond the cell and opposite to the point where the first and second branches almost unite ; the fourth branch is emitted much nearer to outer margin ; the radials are emitted from opposite angles of the cell, the lower radial (as in Ocneria) forming a fourth median branch; disco-cellular concave; median branches almost as in Ocneria ; secondaries with the costal margin convex and the subcostal branches emitted from a footstalk ; otherwise as in Ocneria ; woolly frontal tuft longer ; palpi much longer and less hairy ; tibial spines of hind legs nearer together ; antennae more strongly pectinated. 7. Leptocneria binotata, n. s. Whitish grey ; primaries with a dusky -margined white spot just beyond the middle of the cell, and a second reniform spot at the end of the cell ; these spots are enclosed between the two usual stripes, which are grey, a little darker than the ground colour inner stripe slightly irregular, dentated, outer stripe dentate-sinuate, Heterocera from the Australian Region. 387 inarched towards costa, otherwise parallel to outer margin ; an ill- defined submarginal macular stripe ; fringe dusky spotted with sordid white ; secondaries with pale fringe ; thorax in front slightly brownish, antennae with ferruginous pectinations; under surface of wings pearl-grey, the borders tinted with golden brown ; no markings ; pectus whitish ; legs and venter pale brown. Expanse of wings, 41 mm. Peak Downs. LASIOCAMPID.E. COSMOTRICHE, Hilbll. 8. Cosmotriche indistincta, n. s. $ . Allied to C. exposita of Lewin,* but paler ; wings of a semitransparent smoky grey tint; primaries a little darker than secondaries, with an abbreviated indistinct dusky oblique stripe across the middle of the interno-median area, and traces of a sub- marginal series of dusky spots upon the veins ; head and front of collar blackish, centre of thorax dusky, abdomen brown ; antennae with testaceous pectinations ; body below smoky-brown ; wings more uniform in tint than above, wholly destitute of markings. Expanse of wings, 32 mm. Peak Downs. PINAEA, Walk. This was described as a genus of Arctiidce ; the typical species, P. cana, consisted of the females of three species of Walker's genus Entometa, placed by him in the Psychidce ; the female of a fourth species was, how- ever, referred to its proper family, and placed in the genus Opsirhina. 9. Pinara rufescens, n. s. c?. Intermediate in character between P. divisa and P. sesioides, but with the secondaries of a uniform rufous-brown tint ; primaries with the basal two-fifths to submedian vein and the costal area to lower radial vein reddish chocolate ; remainder of the wing pale rufous-brown, sparsely irrorated with cream-coloured scales ; a straight transverse creamy yellowish stripe across the basal fifth from costa to submedian vein ; a white transverse spot across the end of the cell ; a whitish stripe across the middle of the disc, incurved towards costa, lunulated and interrupted by the * This species was redescribed by Walker under the names of Pcecillogaster liebes and P. Irevis ; Boisduval's Bombyx myceria may be the same moth. 388 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- veins below the lower radial ; four small orange spots, externally dotted with black just beyond the discal stripe on the median and interno-median interspaces ; external border greyish ; body pale rufous-brown, head and collar darker, antennae blackish ; anal tufts tipped with bright reddish chocolate ; wings below paler than above, primaries with no stripe across the basal fifth ; the disco- cellular spot pure white ; the discal stripe abbreviated, not extending below the third median branch, pure white; pectus smoky brown, venter bronze-brown. Expanse of wings, 36 mm. Rockhampton. LIMACODID^E. DORATIFERA, WcstW. 10. Doratifera ordinata, n. s. Ochreous; primaries pale, irrorated with the usual shining scales ; a pale rust-red subbasal spot ; an oblique interrupted series of ill-defined rust-red spots across the middle, and a discal arched series of ten well-defined ferruginous spots parallel to outer margin ; tegulse whitish spotted with reddish ochreous ; centre of thorax reddish ochreous; under surface pale sericeous-ochreous, costal borders darker ; legs ochreous barred with whitish. Expanse of wings, 33 mm. Peak Downs. Not near to any species known to me. NYCTEOLID^. EARIAS, Herr.-Sch. 11. Earias smaragdina, n. s. Closely allied to E. chlorana, but the costal margin of primaries shorter and the outer margin consequently less oblique, the primaries of a clearer emerald-green tint, costal border pale pea- green instead of white ; no orange margin towards the base of the costa ; external border darker green instead of yellowish ; secondaries of a less pearly white tint, more or less sordid, especially towards outer margin ; head and collar of a yellower tint; under surface of primaries grey excepting at the margins, costal border cream-coloured, external margin greenish; fringe white; secondaries and body below white. Expanse of wings, llmm. Peak Downs. Hetcrocera from the Australian Region. 389 cossnxE. ACRITOCERA, n. g. Nearest to the S. American genus Langsdorfia, but with some- what the aspect of a Notodont ; primaries with the costa nearly straight, apex rounded ; outer margin oblique, very slightly con- vex, rounded off at external angle ; inner margin incurved at base, otherwise nearly straight ; all the veins separate ; costal vein extending to a little beyond the middle of the margin, subcostal five-branched, emitting its first branch at about half-way between the base and apex; a little beyond this the vein runs obliquely downwards and emits its other four branches near together, and at about equal distances apart ; upper radial emitted near to the fifth subcostal branch from the end of the cell, having the appearance of a sixth branch ; the lower radial also bears a similar relation to the third median branch, the second and third median branches and the lower radial being equidistant ; disco -cellular veinlet zigzag, emitting two short recurrent veins ; submedian vein slightly curved outwards towards the base ; secondaries with long and very slightly curved frenum ; costal margin rather deeply sinuated towards the base and convex in the middle ; apex rounded ; outer margin slightly convex ; abdominal margin short, rounded off at anal angle ; costal vein nearly straight, very slightly arched, very thick towards the base ; subcostal vein slender, slightly arched to end of cell and then straight to apex, simple, its second branch having passed round to the end of the cell and thus become an upper radial ; lower or true radial emitted near to the third median branch, thus having the aspect of a fourth branch ; disco-cellulars unequally zigzag, emitting one short recurrent vein ; third median emitted from the inferior angle of the cell, second branch running close to the main vein for a considerable distance towards the base, first branch emitted near to the base, sinuous towards its origin ; submedian and internal veins widely separated ; body very robust ; head broader than long, with a keeled frontal crest ; eyes large and prominent ; palpi broad, with closely appressed scales, apical joint deflexed ; antennae reaching to about the middle of costa, broadly plumose in front, disordered, basal joint tufted, thorax broad, less convex than in most Cossidce above ; legs very thick, middle tibiae terminating in a long spur, posterior tibiae with two subterminal and two terminal spurs ; abdomen broad, tapering and somewhat flattened, especially towards the anal extremity; anal tuft very small. 390 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- 12. Acritocera negligens, n. s. Primaries brown, the veins slenderly blackish, the whole of the internervular areoles longitudinally streaked with blackish and dark brown ; an oblique pale testaceous stripe beyond the middle ; secondaries pale brown ; body brown, head and antennae whitish, palpi with blackish terminal joint; wings below pale brown, irregularly mottled with patches of dark brown scales. Expanse of wings, 41 mm. Viti Islands. The character of the antennae in this species is so peculiar that it at once arrests the attention ; in some respects it resembles that of Ereuxa (Amphidasyidce) , and still more nearly that of Ptilophora (Notodontidce) , but the feathering in Acritocera is much less orderly, and is confined to one side of the shaft. LEUCANIID.E. LEUCANIA, Ochs. 13. Leucania diatrecta, n. s. Pale creamy stone - colour ; primaries above with a brown <-shaped marking at base, its upper fork resting upon the median vein, irrorated with black scales, and forming the commencement of a slender dusky median streak, which extends beyond the cell almost to the middle of the disc, but is interrupted at the inferior angle of the cell by a black and white dot ; a slender blackish streak along the internal margin, but not extending to the base ; fringe slightly greyish, preceded by a marginal series of black points ; secondaries semitransparent sericeous- white, with ill- defined greyish apical external border and fringe, tapering towards the first median branch, where it ceases ; a white line at the base of the fringe ; a short blackish streak on the inner fringe of the tegulse; primaries below with marginal black dots and greyish fringe, otherwise without markings; secondaries with six inter- nervular marginal black dots ; antennae below ochraceous. Expanse of wings, 29 mm. Peak Downs. 14. Leucania lewinii, n. s. $ . Primaries above whity brown, irrorated with black scales ; a broad brown longitudinal median streak, divided by a slender white stripe, which runs along the median vein and its third Heterocera from the Australian lieyion. 3(Jl branch ; a creamy whitish longitudinal streak immediately above the median streak; a marginal series of black dots; apex dnsky ; secondaries silvery white; thorax whitish stone-colour, abdomen white ; primaries below and costal border of secondaries creamy whitish, remainder of secondaries pure white, all the wings with marginal black dots ; body below white, antennae below dark brown. Expanse of wings, 28 mm. Gayndah. 15. Leucania scottii, n. s. Primaries above cream-colour ; veins whitish margined on both sides, from the middle of the wing, with ferruginous, internervular folds also indicated by longitudinal ferruginous lines; a broad longitudinal ferruginous streak, enclosing an ill-defined grey stripe, commencing below the median vein, which interrupts it at the end of the cell, where it passes into the upper radial interspace ; two black discoidal dots just above the median vein, the second within the inferior angle of the cell; a marginal series of black dots; fringe greyish, paler at the extremities of the veins ; secondaries sericeous-white, with greyish external border, especially towards apex, where there are also indications of blackish marginal dots ; body white ; antennae greyish ; primaries below flesh-coloured, with the base and internal area white, secondaries white with flesh-coloured apex ; body white, tarsi blackish ; venter with lateral black dots. Expanse of wings, 27 mm. Eockhampton. 16. Leucania cruegeri, n. s. $. Vaguely resembles the genus Epimecia; primaries above cream-coloured, the veins from the middle of the wing silvery white, slenderly edged on both sides with greyish brown; the internervular folds also indicated by slender greyish brown longi- tudinal lines ; a broad silvery white longitudinal discoidal stripe edged below with brown; above and beyond this is a cream- coloured stripe, tinted with ochraceous, and running obliquely upwards from the end of the cell to the apex; fringe with two unequal brown stripes ; secondaries semitransparent, white, tinted with greyish towards outer margin ; fringe white, with a brownish stripe towards the base ; thorax white, antennas and abdo- men cream-coloured ; primaries below shining cream-coloured ; secondaries shining white ; body below white, anal tuft slightly yellowish. Expanse of wings, 31 mm. Gayndah. 392 Mr. Butler's desertions of Lepldoptem- 17. Leucania alarioides, n. s. Primaries above rose-pink, divided in the middle by two broad longitudinal creamy white bands, the upper one passing from outer margin through the upper radial interspace into the cell, where it tapers to a point near the base, sometimes bounded on each side by a dusky streak ; lower band filling the median inter- spaces and continued below the median vein to the base, where it is somewhat abruptly pointed, being bounded by the upcurved submedian vein ; fringe white, traversed by two rose-coloured stripes ; secondaries sericeous-white, with rose-pink veins ; fringe slightly pink at apex; head dull vinous, collar greyish, thorax white, tegul® rose-tinted on the shoulders ; abdomen white ; wings below shining creamy white ; primaries with the veins pink ; median area clouded with fuliginous-brown ; fringe rosy lilacine ; secondaries with rosy costal margin; fringe pure white; pectus silvery white, legs dull rose-colour varied with silvery white, abdo- men silvery white, becoming sordid towards anal angle and banded with rosy lilacine. Expanse of wings, 29 mm. Peak Downs and Gayndah. This is one of the most delicately-coloured species in the genus, agreeing in tint with some species of Alaria. EUEYPSYCHE, n. g. Allied to Leucania, with which it agrees in neuration, excepting that the veins are wider apart owing to the greater width of the wings ; antennae finely ciliated ; body more slender than in Leucania. 18. Eurypsyche similis, n. s. $ . Wings above silvery greyish white ; primaries pale vinous- brown towards apex of costal border ; basal half of costal border, interne-median area, and internal border irrorated with scattered black scales ; a central longitudinal brown streak commencing with a blackish line below the median vein (which is white), then passing, as a narrow dark brown streak, immediately above the median vein to the base of the lower radial interspace, where it is interrupted, continued again as a blackish line in the upper radial interspace ; an ill-defined fiesh-tinted streak in the cell, bounding the upper edge of the central longitudinal streak ; a marginal series of black points ; secondaries slightly darker towards outer margin ; a marginal series of elongated dusky dots ; fringe whitish, traversed Heteroc era from the Australian Region. 393 by a grey stripe ; body white, antennae pale bronzy brown ; pri- maries below and costal and external borders of secondaries sliming pale brown; a marginal series of black dots; remainder of secondaries silvery white ; pectus pale brown ; venter white. Expanse of wings, 30 mm. Gayndah. In general tint and pattern this species much resembles Lcucania lewinii, but the differences of structure will at once separate it. CAKADBINID^E. CARADRINA, Ochs. 19. Caradrina striolata, n. s. Primaries above dull copper -brown, costal border dull whity brown, bounded below by a diffused blackish streak, which passes through the cell and then obliquely upwards to apex; a zigzag black line across the basal fourth ; reniform spot small, outlined in black, and immediately followed by a transverse irregularly undu- lated black discal line from subcostal vein to inner margin ; a series of unequal longitudinal discal black dashes upon the veins, and a marginal series of black dots commencing at outer third of costal margin ; fringe grey, spotted with yellowish at the base and flecked with white ; secondaries creamy white, with a slender dusky marginal line towards apex, and two greyish spots traversed by a darker line on the fringe ; head and front of collar dull whitish ; thorax fuliginous-brown ; abdomen whitish ; primaries below pale shining bronze-brown, the disc in some lights changing to ash-grey ; internal area whitish ; fringe blackish, with pale basal dots ; secondaries pearly white, with a broad costal brown border not extending quite to the base ; pectus white ; legs and venter pale greyish brown. Expanse of wings, 25 mm. Viti Islands. Belongs to the same group with C. cubicularis, of Europe. EADINOGOES, n. g. Allied to Caradrina, but differing in its narrower primaries and in neuration, which is that of Hydrilla (H. palustris), the subcostal branches and the second and third median branches of the secondaries being emitted from footstalks ; the palpi sufficiently distinguish this genus from Hydrilla, as they are gently curved upwards and not fringed. 394 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- 20. Radinogoes tennis, n. s. General aspect of Caradrina cubicularis, but much smaller; primaries cupreous-brown; discoidal area dusky, excepting for a central longitudinal line, on which are two small black spots, indicating the orbicular and reniform spots ; a deeply zigzag black line across the basal third, and a very ill-defined curved denticu- lated line bounded externally by a pale cupreous-brown stripe across the disc just beyond the cell ; a marginal series of alternate black and pale cupreous dots ; fringe dark grey ; secondaries pearly white ; veins and a slender marginal line cupreous -brown ; apex suffused with pearl-grey ; head and thorax cupreous -brown ; abdomen white ; primaries below silvery whitish ; costa and fringe grey-speckled ; secondaries pearly white ; costa grey-speckled ; body whity brown. Expanse of wings, 21—24 mm. Peak Downs ; Kockhampton. COSMIID^B. LEUCOCOSMIA, n. g. General aspect of Orthosia, but much paler ; allied to Enargia (E. alluta), but the primaries narrower, and the antennse, with the exception of the basal joint, very slender, filiform, tapering. 21. Leucocosmia ceres, n. s. $ . Primaries above pale sericeous sandy brown, almost golden, crossed towards base by three irregularly zigzag stripes formed by somewhat contorted double lines of brown, duller and darker than the ground colour; a transverse brown stripe, dentate -sinuate externally, crosses the wing just beyond the middle ; between this and the basal stripes is a black discoidal dot indicating the orbicular spot, and at the end of the cell (bounded internally by the post-median stripe) is a small unciform whitish spot repre- senting the reniform spot ; external two-sevenths dusky, darker than the ground colour, bounded internally by a cream-coloured slightly sinuous stripe, beyond which are two parallel darker brown lines ; a submarginal trisinuate whitish stripe ; a marginal series of minute black dots ; fringe creamy white, with dusky brown external edge ; secondaries pearly hyaline whitish, the veins and broad diffused external and abdominal borders pale sericeous gold- brown; body pale brown,, slightly greyer than the primaries, below whity brown with golden reflections, markings of the upper surface Het erocera from the Australian Region. 895 almost obsolete; secondaries with an oblique discal series of blackish dashes on the veins; otherwise as above; body below whitish. Expanse of wings, 31 mm. Viti Islands. DYSBATUS, n. g. Allied to Cosmia, but with more nearly the coloration of the Homoptcridce ; primaries triangular ; costal vein extending to about third fourth of costal margin ; subcostal vein five -branched, emitting its first branch before the end of the cell, its second to fourth at a considerable distance beyond, the third and fourth forming a rather short fork to apex, the fifth emitted from the posterior margin of the main vein a little before the emission of second branch from the anterior margin ; the upper radial emitted from the anterior angle of the cell, and the lower radial from about the middle of the disco-cellulars, which form a concave line ; median vein swollen and sinuous towards the base ; second and third median branches emitted from the same point at the posterior angle of the cell; secondaries subpyriform, the costal and abdo- minal margins nearly straight, and the outer margin rounded and sinuated ; costal vein running close to the subcostal to about the middle of the cell, and thence diverging to apex ; subcostal forking from the anterior angle of the cell ; radial obsolete, replaced by a slender longitudinal fold from base to outer margin ; disco-cellular veinlet inarched ; second and third median branches forking from the posterior angle of the cell ; thorax broad, rounded ; head broad, palpi short, compressed, with sharply defined quadrate fringe at the base, percent ; proboscis long and thick; antennae slender, tapering, internally pectinated ; legs long, femora flattened, pos- terior tibiae broad and flat, abdomen slender, laterally tufted. 22. Dysbatus sincjularis, n. s. Primaries above cinereous, tinted with pale brownish towards base and external area ; crossed by six black lines, the first sub- basal, oblique, the second at basal third curved, the third just before the middle angulated upon the median vein and inarched below it, the fourth crossing the disc like the third, but less strongly angulated, the fifth very irregular, thick, undulated and dentated, limiting the external area, the sixth submarginal, ill- defined, excepting at apex, where it commences with an oblique black dash costal border, excepting at apex, and a spot at the end of the cell, dusky ; an interrupted black marginal line ; fringe whitish spotted with grey ; secondaries greyish white, slightly sericeous, with a 396 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- broad dusky external border tapering to anal angle ; fringe greyish white ; thorax and base of abdomen cinereous ; remainder of abdo- men fuliginous-grey, with narrow white segmental bands ; under surface sericeous-white, the wings irrorated with black-brown scales, especially towards the costal margins ; a broad blackish external border, fading to grey towards the externo-anal margins, and with a whitish apical spot ; fringes grey, white at base ; legs grey-speckled, the tibiae and tarsi almost entirely dark grey. Expanse of wings, 28 mm. Peak Downs. This species bears but little external resemblance to its allies. PLUSIID^. WESTERMANNIA, Hiibn. 23. Westermannia argentata, n. s. Primaries above silvery white ; secondaries pearly subhyaline, the costal area with brassy reflections ; veins smoky grey ; external border smoky grey, diffused, fringe dark grey ; thorax pure pearl- white, collar bright orange in front; abdomen white, barred with smoky grey; primaries below dark smoky grey with golden reflections ; costal border cream-coloured ; secondaries pearl-white, with a slender blackish marginal line ; fringe brownish at base ; body below pearl-white ; tibiae cream-coloured ; anal segment of venter whity brown. Expanse of wings, 33 mm. Peak Downs. This species has the general aspect, but not the structure, of Metoponia. 24. Westermannia concha, n. s. Allied to W. superba, much smaller ; primaries silvery white washed with bronze towards costa ; a narrower internal border, a large rounded spot at centre of interno-median area, and a broad external border gradually narrowing to apex leaden grey, partly edged and flecked with bronze-brown ; an indistinct narrow white looped line, commencing on the costa before the middle, crossing the cell, bounding the interno-median spot and part of the external border as far as the upper radial, where it leaves it and returns to costa at apical fourth ; secondaries white, semitransparent, pearly except towards costa, where there are brassy reflections ; veins and a well-defined external border tapering to a point at submedian vein smoky brown ; fringe white ; body pearl- whitish, collar Heterocera from the Australian Region. 397 buff-coloured ; primaries below shining leaden grey ; the internal area and a narrow line at base of fringe white ; secondaries nearly as above, but the border leaden grey and the veins silvery ; body below pure pearl-white ; anterior femora grey in front, anterior tarsi broadly barred with grey. Expanse of wings, 26 mm. Peak Downs. XYLINID.E. CRAMBODES, Guen. 25. Crambodes minor, n. s. Considerably smaller than C. talidiformis, with pale costal area to primaries and brownish secondaries; primaries above silvery grey, darker and with bronze-brown reflections in an oblique line from the inferior angle of the cell to the apex, so as to form an ill- defined diffused streak, crossed by a black-edged tapering longi- tudinal cream-coloured streak from the reniform spot; discoidal cell and reniform spot also cream-coloured; a slightly curved longitudinal white litura in the cell just above the median vein ; reniform spot white-edged, and enclosing a small brown spot below the median vein ; a discal series of short black dashes upon the internervular folds towards outer margin; fringe blackish, inter- rupted by slender white lines in continuation of the veins ; internal border cream-coloured towards base, two or three irregularly placed black or blackish subbasal longitudinal lines ; secondaries shining pale brownish grey, slightly darker towards outer margin ; fringe white, with a pale brownish subbasal line ; thorax grey, abdomen whity brown ; primaries below grey ; secondaries cream-coloured, with a slender abbreviated black marginal line and white fringe ; body below greyish white. Expanse of wings, 21 mm. Peak Downs. CKIOA, Walker. 26. Crioa acronyctina, n. s. Aspect of the genus Pharetra (Acronycta, part, auct.) ; primaries whitish cinereous, black-speckled ; about six short oblique black abbreviated costal striae followed by the discal line, which is very irregular, commencing at the subcostal vein, running obliquely outwards almost to the upper radial vein, where it bends down at a sharp angle and runs transversely to the second median branch, where it again turns abruptly inwards and forms a deep sinus (through the centre of which the first median branch passes), then inwards again to meet the inner line, which is 3-shaped and con- tinuous with the third costal stria; three subapical longitudinal TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1886. PART IV. (DEC.) 2 E 398 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- black striae, the two upper ones crossed by a zigzag white line ; a diffused white subapical dash below the black striae ; median inter- spaces fuliginous-brown, enclosing longitudinal black striae, and crossed by white lunate markings ; a deeply dentate-sinuate slender black marginal line ; fringe white spotted with fuliginous -brown ; secondaries pale testaceous or whity brown with golden cupreous reflections, the veins, a discal line, and a broad external border greyish brown ; fringe white ; thorax brown, white-speckled and streaked with black ; abdomen mouse-grey ; under surface whitish, with faint cupreous reflections; disco-cellular spots lunate, two somewhat diffused discal arched stripes, the veins, and a slender marginal line greyish chocolate; tibiae hairy, chocolate-tinted; tarsi black-barred. Expanse of wings, 34 mm. Peak Downs. The genus Crioa appears to me to be allied to the European genus Liihocampa. ACONTIID^E. APOROCOSMUS, n. g. Allied to Agrophila ; with similar pattern ; the thorax, however, smoother ; the palpi longer, porrected, the veining of the wings somewhat different ; costal vein of primaries extending to about the middle of the costal margin ; subcostal four-branched, the fifth branch being emitted as a third radial from the anterior angle of the cell ; first subcostal branch emitted before the end of the cell, second running from the end of the cell to costa, third and fourth forming a short fork, the fourth running to apex ; upper (in this case the second) radial emitted from the same point with the fifth subcostal branch (or first radial) ; lower or third radial emitted as a fourth median branch from the inferior angle of the cell ; first and second median branches wide apart ; secondaries with the costal vein much swollen at the base, coalescing with the subcostal to beyond the cell, where it separates and runs obliquely to apex ; the first branch of the subcostal vein thus appears to be merely a furca from the costal, and its second branch is emitted freely as a radial ; the true radial is emitted as a fourth median branch at the same point with the third median and close to the origin of the second ; disco-cellulars very oblique and angulated ; first and second median branches tolerably wide apart ; legs rather long and compressed. Heterocera from the Australian Region. 899 27. Aporocosmus bracteatus, n. s. Primaries above cream-coloured ; markings red-brown, spangled with silver as follows : an interrupted oblique band and a spot at base, an oblique irregular band crossing the wing before the middle, a broader transverse irregular abbreviated band from costa to median vein across the end of the cell, a slightly sinuous discal band subparallel to outer margin, two short arched bands almost uniting at centre of outer margin, the inferior one interrupted, an interrupted marginal line, and a similar line on the fringe, which is white ; secondaries pale golden brown or " dead golden," with the costal area, excepting at apex, cream-coloured ; a dark brown external border shot with gold, and therefore only visible in certain lights ; the extreme margin irregularly pale yellow ; fringe very long, cream-coloured, traversed by a slender interrupted brown line ; body coloured in accordance with the wings, the thorax cream-coloured and spotted, the abdomen golden opaline ; under surface pale stramineous, the primaries with indications of the markings of the upper surface in pale smoky brown ; secondaries with a discal line of brown parallel to outer margin ; pectus pearly whitish. Expanse of wings, 16 mm. Peak Downs. ACONTIA, Oclis. 28. Acontia amorpha, n. s. Allied to A. signifera of India, from which it chiefly differs in its slightly superior size and paler golden brown banding of the primaries ; it also differs in showing traces of stripes across the basal area, in having two spots, the lower one black, in place of the black crescent in the reniform spot, and the secondaries decidedly darker. Expanse of wings, 18 mm. Gayndah. Specimens of this species from Moreton Bay stand in the collection under a MS. name of Walker's. 29. Acontia vitiensis, n. s. Also allied to A. signifera; primaries above pearl-white, crossed in the middle by a broad cupreous-brown band with dentate sinuate edges, the inner edge bounded by a black line ; reniform spot indicated by a cupreous-brown 3-shaped marking beyond the cell, and a corresponding black linear marking just beyond it at the edge of the external border ; the latter broad, cupreous-brown, dotted with white on costal margin, flecked with black and white 400 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- towards the outer margin, along which is a reddish cupreous stripe ; fringe white ; secondaries sericeous creamy whitish, with diffused cupreous-brown external border and an ill- denned stripe of the same colour on the fringe ; thorax white necked with cupreous- brown, abdomen brown in type (sometimes cream-coloured flecked with brown) ; primaries below greyish with pink reflections ; secondaries sericeous creamy whitish, suffused with pink towards costal and external margins ; pectus pearl-white, legs pale flesh- brown, anterior legs greyish above ; venter whitish. Expanse of wings, 21 mm. Viti Islands. Also in the Museum from Moreton Bay ; it is nearly related to the " Erastria " ritsemce of Snellen. 30. Acontia tripartite^, n. s. Allied to the preceding species ; primaries pure white, divided by two transverse equidistant undulated chocolate-brown bands into three nearly equal parts, the inner band of about half the width of the outer, the latter expanded into an oblong spot upon the costa ; a blackish costal spot near the base; an irregular submarginal brown line and a slender black-brown marginal line ; fringe flecked with brown ; secondaries sericeous, cream-coloured, broadly suffused with grey towards outer margin ; an interrupted slender dark brown marginal line ; thorax cream-coloured ; abdomen greyish, especially in the middle ; primaries below smoky grey ; apical third of costal border black spotted with ochreous ; secondaries pale creamy ochreous, changing in certain lights to silvery greyish ; costal area irrorated with blackish ; a black spot at the end of the cell, and an angulated discal stripe beyond it from costa to submedian vein ; all the wings with a very slender black marginal line ; body below ochreous. Expanse of wings, 15 mm. Kockhampton. 31. Acontia nivipicta, n. s. Allied to A. maculosa of China and A. tetragona of St. Domingo. Primaries above deep olivaceous, shading into cupreous-tinted chocolate-brown towards outer margin ; interne-median area glossed with lilac and crossed by four interrupted oblique bands of the ground colour ; a large quadrangular snow-white patch at base, and upon it, close to the base, four unequal dark olivaceous spots ; three black dots along the infero-exterior margin of the basal Heterocera from the Australian Region. 401 patch ; two snow-white costal patches, the first larger than the second, its margin denticulated and bounded on each side by the discoidal spots, which are black and annular; three black spots bounded externally by a rectangular red-brown marking beyond the cell ; an irregular line of white scales crossing the disc towards outer margin, partly enclosing two black dots towards costa, con- fluent, and forming an oblique dentated line towards external angle ; a submarginal series of black spots with white internal borders ; a large white spot on the fringe below the middle and a narrow whitish dash crossing it longitudinally at apical third ; the remainder of the fringe is divided by a central blackish line, beyond which it is glossed with grey; secondaries straw-yellow, with a broad external brown border ; basal half of fringe occupied by a brown stripe, separated from the external border by an ochreous line ; outer half of fringe white ; thorax white, the collar slightly sordid ; abdomen ochreous banded with brown, the base and anus white ; wings below stramineous ; primaries clouded with grey, indicating the pattern of the upper surface ; secondaries with three dark grey costal spots, shot with rosy cupreous, the third at apex, almost confluent with a dark spot on the fringe ; body below white. Expanse of wings, 22 mm. Peak Downs. 32. Acontia detrita, n. s. Allied to the preceding species ; primaries above with the basal patch reduced to a basal spot on the costa, the two other costal spots smaller than in A. nivipicta; all three spots slightly yellowish ; indications of an oblique yellowish stripe connecting the central spot with the inner margin ; black markings on the wings less sharply denned ; the discal line of white scales not terminating in a dentated line as in A. nivipicta, but uniform throughout ; no large white spot on the fringe, the latter cream- coloured, marked with three dusky spots, one at apex, one above the middle, and one at external angle ; secondaries bronze-brown, greyish towards the base ; body whity brown ; primaries below smoky grey, with a golden gloss; costal border white at base, otherwise ochreous, interrupted beyond the cell ; internal border cream-coloured ; secondaries pale golden stramineous ; a spot at end of cell, an angular discal stripe, and a tapering marginal stripe dusky; fringe greyish; body below white. Expanse of wings, 19 mm. Gayndah. 402 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- 33. Acontia clarissa, n. s. General pattern of A. Komaga, but smaller and with yellow instead of white basal area and costal spot; primaries with the basal half pale creamy yellow, irregularly variegated with chrome- yellow; the inner border and two or three longitudinal costal dashes leaden grey ; external half purplish brown internally, pale reddish brown externally, the division between the two halves of the wing oblique and biangulated; reniform spot indistinct, yellowish, followed by a blackish >-shaped character; a small yellowish white costal spot at apical fourth; a very indistinct submarginal zigzag whitish line ; fringe white, flecked with black towards apex, and with a brown patch at external angle ; secondaries bronze-brown, with the basal half pale ; fringe tipped with white ; thorax yellow in front, greyish behind ; abdomen whity brown, with a dusky dorsal stripe ; under surface as in the preceding species. Expanse of wings, 24 mm. Peak Downs. 34. Acontia conchidia, n. s. Primaries above chalky white ; costal margin to the end of the cell divided into three equal parts by small black dots ; edge of costal margin black; an abbreviated black-speckled brown band, with undulated internal and dentate -sinuate external margin from the inner margin to the base of the third median branch, a small spot similarly coloured just above the median vein, from which a straight line of black runs across the cell to the subcostal vein ; a large irregular French-blue patch, with black external border immediately beyond the cell ; a subsigmoidal discal bronze-brown stripe varied with plumbageous across the disc ; external border narrow, of the same colours, excepting that the brown is of a more orange tint ; a marginal series of small black spots ; fringe white, traversed by central and external greyish stripes, and spotted at the extremities of the veins with sandy brown ; secondaries cream- coloured, with diffused golden brown external border and white fringe spotted towards apex with golden brown ; thorax white, abdomen testaceous ; wings below creamy white with brassy reflections, primaries with a brown spot on the inner margin near external angle ; secondaries with a brown apical spot ; body below pearl-white ; venter with lateral blackish dots and pale stramineous anal tuft. Expanse of wings, 28 mm. Peak Downs. Heterocera from the Australian Reyion. 403 EKASTKinLE. EEASTBIA, Ochs. 35. Erastria fasdolata, n. s. Primaries above dark fuliginous-grey, traversed by numerous subparallel black undulated lines ; a number of interrupted undu- lated ash-grey stripes between the black lines ; an irregular white band tapering to costal margin across the basal third, a white costal spot at apical third, two white costal dots between the latter and the apex, a widely interrupted submarginal series of white dots and an oblique squamose white spot at the external angle ; a slender black marginal line formed by the confluence of subconical black spots ; fringe white at apex, otherwise brown dotted with white ; secondaries fuliginous-grey, with bronze reflections ; a black marginal line ; fringe cream-coloured, traversed by a grey stripe ; thorax dark fuliginous-grey, with lateral white dots on the collar ; abdomen cream-coloured at the sides, a broad dark grey dorsal band traversed by slender whitish segmental lines ; primaries below sericeous-grey ; basal two-fifths of costal area cream-coloured, with scattered black scales on the costal margin ; a quadrate white spot at about the apical third of costa, and indications of a pale stripe in continuation of it across the disc ; a submarginal series of white dots and a marginal series of indistinct cream-coloured dots alternating with the confluent conical black spots ; fringe dark grey, with the apex, external angle, and a basal line cream-coloured ; secondaries with the basi-abdominal area silver-grey, two large white discoidal spots ; remainder of wing dark fuliginous-grey, crossed beyond the middle by an irregular white band ; a sub- marginal irregular interrupted white line ; fringe silver-grey, with a white basal line ; body below cream-coloured. Expanse of wings, 15 mm. Peak Downs. ANTHOPHILHLE. METACHROSTIS, Hiibner* 36. Metachrostis paurograpta, n. s. General size and coloration of M . mendaculalis, but without the undulated ash-grey lines on the secondaries ; the primaries with all the transverse lines blacker, making the ground colour appear to be lighter ; these lines are also less oblique and more irregular ; * This is the Leptosia of Gueiiee, a name preoccupied in the Butterflies. Scudder argues, upon what I thiuk are unsatisfactory grounds, that Leptosia is a synonym of Leptidia. 404 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- under surface also very similar to M. mendaculalis, but the internal border of the primaries greyish white ; the secondaries decidedly whiter, with the two abbreviated dusky stripes from the costa rather better defined; palpi with longer terminal joint, the distal half black, crossed by a whitish line between the joints. Expanse of wings, 18 mm. Eockhampton. THALPOCHARES, Lederer. 37. Thalpochares leonata, n. s. Allied to T. partita of Java ; stramineous ; primaries with the external half brownish testaceous, crossed along its inner edge by an externally waved darker and somewhat lilacine band, and margined internally by a white and black line ; a submarginal series of black dots ; external border narrowly greyish, tapering at the extremities, bounded internally by a white line ; fringe broad, flesh-pink, irrorated, excepting along the outer edge, with red-brown; costa slightly redder than the ground colour; secondaries with a diffused externo-discal ferruginous stripe, only well-defined towards the abdominal margin ; slender marginal and submarginal ferruginous lines ; fringe whitish, traversed by a slender pale brownish line, and margined with the same colour ; wings below ochreous, irrorated with ferruginous towards the apices ; internal borders whitish ; costal margin of primaries from beyond the middle to the apex blackish spotted with white ; legs whitish. Expanse of wings, 15 mm. Rockhampton. 38. Thalpochares pusilla, n. s. Somewhat allied to T. parva, though altogether more brightly coloured ; primaries with the ground colour whity brown, crossed before the middle by an internally diffused oblique castaneous band, its outer edge sharply defined, followed almost immediately by an internally diffused greyish band, its outer edge bounded by a darker sinuous discal line ; a broad patch of castaneous below the apex, and a second at external angle, with a slender arched con- necting line of the same colour ; four submarginal white dots, the three upper ones crossing the subapical patch, and the fourth upon the inferior patch ; a marginal series of blackish dots followed by a white line at the base of the fringe ; fringe pale grey with reddish reflections, white externally with a brown edge ; secondaries whitish, becoming greyish brown towards outer margin ; fringe Heterocera from the Australian Region. 405 white ; body white ; primaries below grey, with white fringe ; secondaries and body white. Expanse of wings, 14 mm. Peak Downs. 39. Thalpochares innocens, n. s. Wings above satiny whitish, with faint goiden reflections; primaries with the costal border snow-white towards the base; edge of costal and outer margins golden ochraceous; head and collar ochraceons ; thorax glistening snow-white ; abdomen pearl- whitish ; under surface creamy whitish ; primaries with the discoidal area slightly greyish, the costal and external borders slightly yellowish; pectus snow-white, legs and anus yellowish. Expanse of wings, 22 nun. Peak Downs. Nearest to a Venezuelan species, T. debilis. ANTHOPHILA. 40. Anthophila vestalis, n. s. $ . Snow-white ; costal margin of primaries slenderly golden brown, four nearly equidistant brown-tipped oblique costal dashes beyond the middle, the third extended as a brown line to below the upper radial vein, where it is abruptly angulated, and runs inwards obliquely almost to the second median branch, below the angle, however, it is indistinct ; the fourth costal dash is united to a fifth, but reversed, dash immediately beyond it ; a subapical grey and golden spot crossed by the line from the third costal dash, and marked externally with two connected black dots; an undulated narrow grey external border with dusky inner edge, in certain lights slightly shot with golden ; fringe golden ; outer margin of secondaries tinted with golden ; head and collar ochreous ; wings below satiny white, slightly tinted with golden ochraceous, especially towards costal and external margins; primaries with two black costal dots beyond the middle ; body pearl-white, legs more or less ochraceous. Expanse of wings, 18 mm. Peak Downs. HELIOTHID^. HELIOTHIS, Guenee. 41. Heliothis aberrans, n. s. Not very near to any known species ; primaries whity brown, with faint greyish indications of bands formed somewhat as in H. armigera ; blackish indications of a subbasal acutely zigzag 406 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- line; two dusky spots placed obliquely at the end of the cell (indicating the reniform spot) ; an angulated series of short longi- tudinal black dashes across the disc, and a marginal series of black dots ; secondaries greyish white, with a broad external grey border, upon which is the usual oval whitish spot ; fringe cream-coloured, spotted with grey at apex ; body greyish white ; primaries below whity brown, with two spots in the cell and an arched band beyond it grey ; secondaries and body below cream-coloured. Expanse of wings, 28 mm. Peak Downs. CANTHYLIDIA, n. g. Probably nearest to Heliocheilus, but with more nearly the general aspect of Heliothis or Leucania, especially in the form of the wings ; the primaries, however, have a swelling upon the costal margin beyond the middle, and the body is as slender as in the genus Micardia (Leucanidcs) ; primaries with the discoidal cell extending to beyond the middle of the wing ; costal vein termi- nating in the costal swelling ; subcostal emitting its first branch at some distance beyond the end of the cell, and the four others beyond it, the second and fifth from opposite sides of the vein, and the third and fourth as an apical furca; radials emitted from extremity of cell, not from the angles, lower radial emitting a recurrent vein through the cell to the base, the second and third median branches and lower radial about equally distant from one another at origin ; secondaries with slightly sinuous costal vein extending to apex ; discoidal cell reaching to about the middle of the wing ; subcostals emitted from one point at the anterior angle of the cell, and the second and third medians from the posterior angle; disco-cellulars forming a regular concave arc, from the centre of which the radial is emitted ; first median branch emitted near the end of the cell; body rather slender; palpi slender, porrected. 42. Canthylidia pallida, n. s. Satiny whity brown, slightly darker towards the external borders of the wings, especially of the secondaries, which also show a faint indication of a disco-cellular spot; under surface cream-coloured ; primaries with the disc slightly greyish. Expanse of wings, 26mm. Gayndah. The absence of the post-discoidal cell in the primaries proves this to belong to the Heliothidce, and not the Lvucaniidce. Heterocera from the Australian Region. 407 PLUSIODONTA, Guenee. 43. Plusiodonta arctipennis, n. s. (?. General coloration of P. thomce, Guenee, from Haiti, but the metallic markings more golden, as in P. chalcitoides, from Java, with which it also agrees in having metallic markings near external angle of primaries ; it differs from all the described species in its narrower wings; primaries reddish brown, more olivacaous upon the central area, tinted with lilac at base, centre of costa upon the reniform spot, and along the internal border of the discal line ; ordinary lines blackish, the external line double ; pattern nearly as in P. chalcitoides, the subbasal metallic patch brassy mottled with ferruginous; that at external angle sharply denned, quadrate, brassy, with the central ferruginous mottling necked with gold; subapical biangulated fascia golden mottled with ferruginous; secondaries fuliginous-brown, getting whitish towards base ; fringe tipped with sordid white ; thorax chocolate- brown ; head blackish ; abdomen fuliginous, whitish at base and Bides ; under surface pale shining fuliginous greyish with bronze- brown reflections. Expanse of wings, 82 mm. Sydney. GONOPTEKHXE. GONITIS, Guenee. 44. Gonitis samoana, n. s. Nearest to G. involuta of Ceylon ; primaries golden or cupreous- brown, glossed with pale lilacine-pink, especially upon the median vein and its branches and on the costal area at apex ; ordinary lines dark brown, less irregular than usual ; outer or discal line externally edged with whitish, straight from inner margin to cell ; external margin dark brown ; orbicular spot represented by a white dot ; reniform spot by two whitish-edged black dots placed obliquely at end of cell; secondaries pale dove-brown, whitish at base of costa ; fringe white-tipped ; thorax foxy brown ; abdomen dove- brown, slightly reddish at base ; primaries below grey, with a rosy cupreous gloss ; costal border sparsely whitish-speckled to beyond the cell, where the white speckling suddenly becomes dense, and forms a cuneiform apical patch separated by an oblique line from the remainder of the border ; internal border creamy white ; disc slightly and indistinctly striated with ash-grey ; fringe whitish- tipped, black-dotted below the angle ; secondaries with the costal half and external border almost to anal angle grey, with a rosy cupreous gloss ; interno-median area creamy white ; fringe whitish, traversed by a bronze-brown stripe ; apical area indistinctly striated 408 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- with pale yellowish scales, making the apical third abruptly paler than the remainder of the dark portion of the wing ; pectus whitish, tinted with foxy red ; venter greyish chocolate. Expanse of wings, 35 mm. Samoa Islands. 45. Gonitis vitiensis, n. s. 5 . Primaries above reddish chocolate or coffee-brown, trans- versely mottled with darker brown and black ; inner line more or less abbreviated, only visible below the cell ; outer line biangulated, forming a simple rectangular zigzag; both lines dark brown; a diffused discal whitish- cinereous belt bounding the outer line externally ; a subapical subsigmoidal line immediately beyond the whitish band ; external margin blackish ; discoidal spots barely visible, the orbicular spot indicated by a white point, and the reni- form by two black dots ; secondaries fuliginous-grey, gradually paler towards base ; fringe of the outer margin with a slender white basal line, of abdominal margin wholly white ; thorax red-brown, abdomen fuliginous -grey ; under surface nearly as in the preceding species, but without the whitish apical costal patch. Expanse of wings, 36 mm. Viti Islands. Var. $ . Darker than the type, and without any whitish band across the primaries. Expanse of wings, 36 mm. Viti Islands. 46. Gonitis vulpina, n. s. Primaries above bright foxy red, decidedly brighter than the allied G. revocans of Australia, the lines across the wings similar in form, excepting that the central line is abruptly elbowed out- wards from submedian vein, and that all the lines are a little better denned ; orbicular spot prominent, small, rounded, creamy white ; reniform spot represented by two small rounded grey spots; secondaries creamy whitish, with the veins and a broad external border dull rose-red or pale vinous ; thorax bright foxy red, almost orange; abdomen whitish, banded with pale fuscous, slightly tinted with vinous at anal extremity; primaries below silvery whitish, washed with flesh-tint excepting along internal area, a diffused patch of dull rose-red covering the discoidal area ; a white- edged oblique vinous line crossing the disc ; apical border golden brown, fringe darker brown ; secondaries sericeous-white, with the costal area broadly irrorated with dull rose-colour ; a darker Heterocera from the Australian Region. 409 Insinuated subapical line ; pectus white, palpi and legs varied with foxy orange and dark vinous ; tarsi brown banded with white ; venter white at base, but with lateral dull rose-coloured tufts; remainder of venter pale flesh-brown, washed in front with ochreous. Expanse of wings, 49 mm. Viti Islands. 47. Gonitis xanthochroa, n. s. Allied to G. privata from Shanghai ; primaries ochreous, crossed by four irregularly dentate-sinuate more or less diffused red-brown stripes of the usual character ; an abbreviated dentate -sinuate blackish line from costa between the third and fourth stripe ; orbicular spot small, white, with red-brown border ; reniform spot red-brown, bounded externally by the third stripe; costal and external borders diffused, pale olivaceous ; secondaries rosy ferru- ginous, paler towards the base ; fringe whitish ; thorax ochraceous ; abdomen pale flesh-brown ; primaries below dull rose-pink, with the external border creamy yellowish, broadly suffused from apex to below the marginal angle with testaceous ; fringe brown ; an internally diffused subapical costal triangular brown spot, bounded externally by an oblique abbreviated darker brown zigzag line ; an abbreviated arched line from costa beyond the cell ; inner border cream-coloured; secondaries cream-coloured, with rose-tinted costal third, crossed beyond the cell by an arched brown line ; body below creamy ochraceous, with the front of pectus, legs, and venter ochreous ; under surface of legs white. Expanse of wings, 50 mm. Vanua Levu. POLYDESMID^E. EUEYTHMUS, n. g. Allied to Diatenes, but reminding one rather of BryopJiila; costal vein of primaries extending to about the apical fourth of costa ; subcostal five-branched ; first branch emitted at a con- siderable distance before the end of the cell, second branch emitted at a short distance before the end, united by an oblique cross-vein to the third branch, which is emitted from the anterior angle of the cell, giving off the fifth branch from its inferior margin at the junction of the cross-vein and forking towards apex ; upper radial emitted near to anterior angle of the cell, the lower radial near to the posterior angle, and equidistant with the second and third median branches; lower disco -cellular veinlet marched; costal vein of secondaries terminating before the apex ; subcostal 410 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- branches forking from anterior angle of the cell, a slender vein- like longitudinal fold passing through the cell to outer margin; disco-cellulars transverse, nearly straight ; radial and second and third median branches emitted close together at the posterior angle of the cell ; body very robust ; palpi long, slender, curving upwards to above the level of the head ; posterior femora flattened and longitudinally grooved; tibiae broad, flattened, thickly scaled, bearing two pairs of unequal divergent spurs. 48. Eurythmus bryophiloides, n. s. Primaries above pale sandy brownish, irrorated with fuliginous- brown, and with longitudinal pale sienna streaks along the veins ; markings not unlike those on the primaries of Diatenes gerula, dark brown and black ; a dentate -sinuate blackish submarginal line ; fringe greyish, with a series of blackish spots opposite to the sinuations of the submarginal line ; secondaries cream-coloured, becoming pearl-white at costa ; external border pale bronze-brown, diffused, a paler marginal dash near anal angle ; a marginal sub- confluent series of dusky lunules ; fringe creamy white ; body above whitish, front of thorax and collar irrorated with dark brown scales ; under surface pearl-white ; wings sericeous greyish towards external borders ; a marginal series of grey-edged white triangular spots; primaries with the costal margin black-spotted towards apex. Expanse of wings, 28 mm. Peak Downs. GIBPA, Walker. Nearly allied to Polydesma, and therefore incorrectly referred to the Remigiidce. 49. Girpa maxima, n. s. Testaceous ; wings somewhat sericeous ; two brown dots, one above the other near the base, a third within the cell beyond these, a series across the basal fourth, the lowest of them blackish ; reniform spot indicated by pale reddish-brown dots ; an ill-defined greyish stripe across the middle, followed by an ill-defined zigzag denlated line ; a discal trisinuated subconfluent series of more or less triangular pale-centred ferruginous spots, towards apex passing into a cuneiform apical red-brown patch, crossed by a series of whitish scales; external margin and fringe suffused with red- brown ; a marginal series of blackish dots ; secondaries similar in pattern to the primaries; head and collar tinted with reddish brown ; primaries beiow greyish, excepting towards outer margin, Heterocera from the Australian Region. 411 with a few traces of the markings of the upper surface ; secondaries stramineous grey-speckled, crossed by three discal greyish stripes, the outermost macular and with pale outer edge ; blackish mar- ginal dots as above ; body below pale testaceous. Expanse of wings, 56 mm. Vavao, Friendly Islands. . 50. Girpa carnea, n. s. Allied to the preceding species, glossy clay-coloured, with a pink tint ; a faintly indicated irregular grey line across the basal fourth of the primaries ;• a black dot upon the line just below the sub- median vein ; two white dots at the end of the cell ; an irregularly trisinuated greyish line across the middle of the primaries, continued across the basal third of the secondaries ; two parallel dentate-sinuate grey lines crossing both wings beyond the middle, and followed by a confluent discal series of externally white-edged orange spots ; a submarginal series of black dots ; under surface nearly as in the preceding species. Expanse of wings, 55 mm. Vavao. The differences both in ground colour and in the details of marking are so great between this and the preceding species, that they can hardly be conspecific. HOMOPTERnXffl. HOMOPTEEA, Boisd. 51. Homoptera cruegeri, n. s. Primaries above purplish brown, crossed by numerous blackish- edged wavy oblique paler lines; external fourth whity brown, crossed near its inner edge by a clay-brown undulated stripe, washed with ochreous internally ; a darker nebula in the centre of this area; base whity brown, traversed by a bisinuated dark brown line, and with a costal spot of the same colour ; veins on the darker area of the wing slaty grey in certain lights ; two dentate- sinuate stripes immediately succeeding the ordinary discal line also shot with slaty grey ; the two ordinary lines widely separated, irregularly dentated, very slender, black ; a slender undulated black submarginal line ; external margin and fringe wood-brown or brownish testaceous, with darker central stripe bounded by two slender sinuous whitish lines, the outer one indistinct ; secondaries whity brown ; five or six parallel internally diffused dentated dusky stripes with whitish external edges, followed by two slightly sinuous 412 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- convergent black lines enclosing a purplish brown stripe ; external area purplish brown, with a nebulous blackish spot on the second median interspace, external margin and fringe as in primaries ; body of different brown shades corresponding with those of the primaries; abdomen with three dorsal and two lateral subbasal tufts ; under surface greyish stone-colour, with faint brassy reflections, especially on internal area of primaries ; numerous sub- parallel slender brown lines, excepting across the basal area ; three of these lines, across the disc of secondaries, more strongly denned than the others ; a submarginal series of black dots ; fringes tipped with reddish brown ; tarsi black, banded with whitish. Expanse of wings, 48 mm. Gayndah. HYPOGBAMMID,E. GADIETHA, Walker. 52. Gadirtha pulchra, n. s. Primaries above sericeous silver-grey, transversely striated with dark grey and black scales ; basal area whitish, bounded by two transverse black lines, slightly divergent at costa ; three grey costal dashes, the second broad and oblique ; orbicular spot pale sandy brownish ; reniform spot large, outlined in black, enclosing, in its posterior half, a triangular grey-brown spot ; two transverse black lines from first median branch to inner margin, the inner line throwing off a slender curved line at right angles to join the post- median line, the outer line shorter, but also rectangular at its upper extremity ; post-median line black, crossing the wing obliquely from costa to outer margin near external angle ; a reversed oblique black dash from costa almost to the post-median line, incised at its extremity, and continued across the disc by a regular zigzag white line, the uppermost >-shaped division of which is edged with greyish ; a marginal series of subconfluent black crescents ; fringe white, spotted with greyish at the base ; secondaries subhyaline pearl-white, with the veins and a broad decreasing external border greyish brown with golden reflections, fringe pure white ; thorax ash-grey, the collar crossed in front by a slightly arched slender black line ; antennae testaceous ; abdomen silver-grey banded with white ; primaries below greyish, becoming white on interno-basal area and faintly glossed with gold ; costa creamy white from the end of the cell almost to the apex, with four elongate black spots on its anterior edge ; a marginal series of small triangular black spots; fringe white, with a double series of greyish spots; secondaries pearl-white ; a large cuneiform diffused costal spot or streak, and the external border greyish with golden reflections; body below Heterocera from the Australian Region. 413 white, tibiae (excepting of the posterior pair of legs) crossed above by slender curved black lines, tarsi above black. Expanse of wings, 42 mm. Eockhampton. This is the most distinctly marked species in the genus, in colour and marking not at all unlike Walker's genus Calathusa, though different in structure. OPHIUSID^B. PSEUDOPHIA, Guenee. 53. Pseudophia nebuligera, n. s. General coloration and size of P. illunaris of Europe, the prevailing tint on the upper surface being pale greyish with a creamy whitish subtint; costal border of primaries faintly shot with lilac ; all the markings ill-defined, darkest on costa ; ordinary lines diffused internally, bounded externally by' a creamy whitish stripe, the inner line at basal fourth, oblique, regular ; outer line just beyond external fourth, slightly sinuous, undulated, olivaceous ; traces of a submarginal undulated line, olivaceous in the middle ; ordinary spots obsolete ; traces of a very irregular whitish-edged dusky line across the external third ; fringe white, traversed by two broad greyish stripes ; secondaries whitish, sordid towards the base ; a curved grey litura at end of cell ; a slightly oblique dark grey central stripe ; external area dark grey, diffused internally, crossed from anal angle nearly to apex by a whitish stripe; a second abbreviated marginal whitish stripe at extremity of radial interspaces ; a slender black marginal line ; a nebulous dusky spot just below the middle of the external border, and extending into the fringe, which is otherwise creamy white ; thorax grey in front, whitish behind ; abdomen whitish, crossed by broad pale greyish bands ; under surface creamy yellowish ; markings similar in all the wings, the costal areas grey-speckled ; disco-cellular spots narrow, blackish; a dark grey undulated arched post-median stripe, not reaching the inner margins, followed by a slightly irregular internally diffused, externally undulated, grey discal stripe ; a large diffused apical greyish brown spot, and a second similar spot (almost black on the secondaries) just below the middle of external border ; a slender undulated blackish marginal line ; anterior and middle femora and tibise grey above. Expanse of wings, 38 mm. Peak Downs. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1886. PART IV. (DEC.) 2 F 414 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- Although this species agrees in its structural details with P. illunaris, the dark nebulous spot on the external border of the secondaries gives it somewhat the aspect of Cerocala. , Guenee. 54. Hyp&tra sordida, n. s. Primaries pale greyish brown, slightly suffused with lilacine, speckled and transversely striated with blackish grey ; inner and central striae indicated by ill-defined wavy blackish squamose stripes; discoidal spots obsolete; a clavate black spot below the submedian vein at basal third ; a cream-coloured nearly straight line crossing the disc at external fourth ; from this line tapering ferruginous streaks run outwards along the veins, but they are only strongly defined towards apex ; immediately beyond the cliscal line is an interrupted and slightly irregular series of blackish spots ; a marginal series of black dots ; fringe whity brown ; secondaries whity brown towards base ; crossed beyond the middle by a slightly curved internally diffused greyish band ; external border broad, of the same colour, and separated from the post- median band by a whity-brown band a little paler than the basal area ; a marginal series of blackish dots ; fringe sandy whitish ; thorax pale fuliginous-grey; head and collar darker grey, the latter with dark brown borders ; abdomen whity brown ; under surface whity brown, costal areas slightly tinted with pale flesh- brown ; central area of primaries, a disco-cellular spot, and two arched diffused bands on the secondaries, slightly greyish ; palpi whity brown internally, dark brown externally. Expanse of wings, 45 mm. Viti Islands. Somewhat resembles " Toxocampa orthosioides " of Walker from N. Australia; the latter is, however, synonymous with Pantydia recondita of Walker. Hypcetra diffundens, Wlk., is Remigia virbia, Cram. 55. Ophiusa vitiensis, n. s. Allied to 0. stuposa, Fabr., but differing as follows : — Primaries above suffused with lilac, the band before the middle much less white and decidedly narrower ; the irregular dark olivaceous belt beyond it considerably broader, the second angulation of its outer edge much farther from the upper one ; two dark olivaceous spots in the sinus between these two angles ; the oblique apical patch not externally incised ; the white band across the secondaries only Heterocera from the Australian Region. 415 indicated by a diffused greyish streak ; a slender abbreviated oblique whitish anal stripe, well separated from the greyish patch on external border ; the latter suffused with lilacine. Expanse of wings, 46 nim. Viti Islands. EEMIGIID^E. KEMIGIA, Guenee. 56. Remigia discrepans, n. s. $ , Closely allied to _R. archesia and R. mayeri ; differing in the ochraceous clay-colour of the primaries, the costal border and basal area alone being slightly suffused with lilacine-grey ; in the absence of markings across the centre of these wings, and in the inner line being replaced by a slightly inarched abbreviated black- brown transverse stripe with whitish internal edge ; secondaries almost exactly as in R. archesia ; on the under surface it differs from the latter in its sandy yellow instead of reddish ochreous colour, in the reduction of the markings on the primaries, and the almost total obliteration of those on the secondaries. Expanse of wings, 42 mm. Viti Islands. But for the well-defined blackish bar at the basal third of the primaries I should have thought it possible that this might be the female of R. mayeri. THEBMESmXE. EEOSIA, Guenee. 57. Erosia stolida, n. s. Allied to E. theclata of Africa and Ceylon (female of Dirades binotata) ; differs from both sexes of that species in its superior size, considerably paler, silvery greyish coloration ; the markings white-edged, but not enclosed by an outer brown line ; the outer margin of the primaries in the female more irregular than in E. theclata. Expanse of wings, 22 — 23 mm. Eockhampton. The genus Erosia has hitherto been placed among the Geometrites, but it has been shown that its true position is amongst the Pseudo-Deltoids ; the genus Dirades has hitherto been regarded as distinct, but it is now evident that it is founded upon the males of certain species of Erosia, the sexes of which differ in outline of wings. 416 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- HERMINIHXE. BOCANA, Walk. 58. Bocana sypnoides, n. s. $ . Aspect of many species of Sypna ; primaries purplish brown, almost black ; an ill-defined dentated black line across the basal fourth ; reniform spot angular, golden testaceous, enclosing a black litura ; two parallel widely sinuated and dentated externally pale-edged black discal lines, the external dentations dotted with whitish at their apices ; a black marginal line dotted with pale ochreous ; fringe blackish, varied along its outer edge with whitish ; secondaries smoky brown ; two internally diffused blackish stripes from abdominal margin, not reaching the costa, dentated and partly edged with whitish externally; a marginal series of pale ochreous dots ; fringe spotted at the base with blackish ; thorax dark purplish brown, the head and collar blackish ; abdomen dark smoky brown, slightly paler at the sides and base ; wings below smoky brown, crossed by two darker diffused discal stripes, the outer one with pale external border ; a sprinkling of whitish scales on the costal areas ; a slender blackish marginal line, interrupted at the extremities of the veins by testaceous dots ; secondaries with a blackish disco-cellular litura ; palpi dark brown, the scales on the inner surface tipped with ochreous; body below smoky brown, the legs dark brown, with ochreous spots at the extremities of the joints. Expanse of wings, 42 mm. Viti Islands. Allied to B. manifestalis, which ranges from Ceylon to Fiji. LOPHOCOLEUS, n. g. Form and neuration almost exactly as in Edessena, from which genus it is, however, at once distinguished by the long tapering broadly pectinated antennae, in which character it agrees with Bocana ; from the latter it differs in form of wing, and from both genera in the broad flattened and coarsely scaled palpi and the structure of the front legs, the femora being armed at their distal extremity by a strong curved process thicker than the tibia, and extending almost to the extremity of the tarsus, its lower surface clothed with long silky hairs ; thus, at first sight, the leg appears to be double from the knee-joint. 59. Lophocoleus mirabilis, n. s. $. Primaries above dark smoky brown; the two ordinary lines indistinct, that at basal third represented by an unequally Heterocera from the Australian Region. 417 Insinuated dusky line from subcostal vein to inner margin ; that at external third by a transverse series of greyish lunules with dusky inner edges (this series is inangulated or elbowed at the first median branch) ; a small whitish spot at the end of the cell, and a series of squamose whitish dots parallel to the outer margin ; a series of minute whitish marginal points ; outer margin rather acute and subfalcate at apex, and subangulated at the extremity of the second median branch ; secondaries paler than the primaries, especially towards costa ; fringe with an interrupted whitish basal line ; thorax dark smoky brown, black-speckled ; abdomen a little paler than the thorax; under surface greyish brown; primaries with grey internal border ; secondaries with a dusky disco-cellular lunule and a diffused sinuous discal stripe ; anterior legs armed with a strong curved process, clothed below with long silky stramineous hair. Expanse of wings, 47 inm. Viti Islands. 60. Lophocoleus ? astrifer, n. s. ? . Much like Bocana manifestalis in colour and pattern, but with the form of the preceding species; upper surface dark purplish brown, primaries with the two ordinary dentate -sinuate black lines ; a sinuous discal series of black-edged cream-coloured dots, terminating in a spot of this colour at inner margin; fringe with a whitish basal line ; secondaries crossed in the middle by a single black line ; a discal series of black-edged cream-coloured dots, confluent towards the abdominal margin ; fringe with a whitish basal line ; head and thorax dark chocolate-brown, abdo- men paler, purplish brown ; wings below pale brownish, densely irrorated with blackish scales ; costal areas washed with lilacine ; all the wings with two black discoidal spots ; a black irregularly dentated line beyond the middle ; an imperfect dark brown discal band enclosing a series of pale spots ; a slender wavy cream- coloured line at the base of the fringe ; primaries with a subapical greenish grey patch ; secondaries with an apical patch of the same colour; body below greyish, legs purplish brown. Expanse of wings, 38 mm. Viti Islands. From the form of the wings this species appears to be a Lophocoleus, but unfortunately the palpi and anterior legs of the type are missing. 418 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- MAT.EOMEKA, n. g. Somewhat allied to Eivula ; primaries with the costal margin nearly straight, slightly incurved in the middle; outer margin straight to lower radial vein, then gradually arched to external angle ; inner margin nearly straight, excepting at base, where it curves inwards ; secondaries rather small, subpyriform, the costal margin nearly straight ; costal vein of primaries extending to about the apical third of costa, subcostal five-branched, emitting its first branch before the end of the cell, second at some distance beyond the cell, third and fourth branches forking to apex, fifth emitted from the anterior angle of the cell ; radials emitted from the disco- cellulars near the anterior and posterior angles of the cell, second and third median branches and lower radial about equidistant at their origins ; a small flattened tuft of hair from behind the base of the median vein directed forward over the base of the cell ; subcostal of secondaries forking from the anterior angle of the cell ; upper disco-cellular long, arched ; lower disco-cellular very short and transverse, the radial and the second and third median branches being emitted near together and at equal distances apart ; body very robust, palpi of male moderately long, triangular, com- pressed, coarsely scaled, rather obtuse at apex; palpi of female considerably longer and decidedly more acuminate ; antennae of male delicately ciliated to the tip, of the female somewhat flattened, submoniliform, and simple ; legs with the femora grooved, the tibiae flattened, fringed with long hair-scales in the male. 61. Matceomera dubia, n. s. Primaries pale reddish brown ; central belt represented by two arched white lines ; the costa speckled with slaty grey up to the second line ; a white-dotted black spot at the end of the cell, followed by slaty grey scales (in continuation of the costal irroration) as far as the second white line ; costal margin from the central belt almost to the apex ochreous, the subcostal area whitish ; a sub- marginal series of black spots white-bordered internally and con- fluent towards apex ; an apical white point ; fringe cupreous-red towards apex ; secondaries whity brown, becoming bronze-brown towards anal angle ; thorax ash-grey, white in front ; head and abdomen whity brown ; antennae yellowish ; under surface sericeous- white, costal areas of the wings speckled with pale brown ; fringe of primaries red-brown towards apex ; legs pearl-white. Expanse of wings, 18 mm. Peak Downs and Gayndah. Heterocera from the Australian Region. 419 EULOCASTRA, D. g. Nearest to Locastra, of the same general form, though with the aspect of the Lithosiid genus Eutane ; primaries with the costal vein extending nearly to apex ; subcostal with five branches, the first branch emitted before the end of the cell, the second emitted beyond the cell, united to the third by a short cross vein so as to form a narrow post-discoidal cell, the third and fourth forming a short fork to apex, the fifth emitted from the inferior margin of the third at the extremity of the post-discoidal cell ; upper radial emitted near to the anterior angle of the cell, lower radial forming a fourth median branch (the lower disco -cellular being absent) emitted from, the posterior angle of the cell and equidistant with the second and third median branches ; base of the wings below clothed with long hair-scales ; secondaries with the costal and subcostal veins coalescing towards the base, the two subcostal branches emitted at about the middle of the wing ; discoidal cell open, the upper disco-cellular veinlet being absent ; radial emitted rather near to the posterior angle of the ceil ; second and third median branches emitted from one point at the posterior angle ; body rather robust, the thorax rounded, the head twice as broad as long ; antennae cylindrical, tapering, with very short fine ciliations ; palpi long, thick, subcylindrical, slightly compressed, upcurved; legs rather long and thick, the middle tibiae fringed with rather long hair-scales. 62. Eulocastra fasciata, n. s. $ . Primaries above shining silvery white ; the base, an irregular transverse band just before the middle, a second from costa near apex to external angle, a spot just above the middle of external border, and a second at external angle, black with bronze- brown reflections ; secondaries sericeous-stramineous, with a brownish apical spot ; thorax bronze-brown, collar cupreous ; tegulae clothed with metallic cupreous and blue scales ; head and abdomen pale stramineous; under surface pale shining golden stramineous, primaries with the discoidal area, a discal band as above, but enclosing three subcostal dots of the ground colour and a few scales on the fringe blackish ; secondaries with an abbre- viated squamose dash from the centre of costal margin to the end of cell and a slightly longer tapering subapical dash blackish ; legs barred with black. Expanse of wings, 20 mm. Sydney. Although this species in general appearance, and in 420 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- the supplementary cell in the neuration of its primaries, corresponds with the Lithosiidce, it differs entirely in its very characteristic palpi : a comparison of its structure with that of Locastra shows it to be evidently allied to that genus. MICRO SCA, Butler. 63. Microsca plagifera, n. s. Fiery cupreous, indistinctly speckled and striated with earthy greyish ; primaries with an unequally subquadrate silver patch, through the centre of which runs a golden reticulated bar ; wings below paler than above, sericeous-red, reticulated with dark grey ; primaries with the basi-costal area and the centre of disc earthy greyish ; patch of upper surface pearly, corrugated, the reticulated band dark ochraceous ; body below testaceous ; anterior legs brownish, with testaceous bands. Expanse of wings, 25 mm. Tonga Island. Somewhat resembles Felder's Thermesia ? fenestrina, which probably is not a Thermesia. PHARAMBARA, Walk. 64. Pharambara reticulata, n. s. $ . Not unlike the female of P. micacealis ; golden testaceous, slightly rosy towards outer margins ; with numerous darker reticu- lations which tend to form lines in some instances, only one of these lines, however, is at all pronounced, forming a slightly sinuous submarginal line across the primaries ; a slender marginal black line along the costa, interrupted by seven or eight minute black-edged yellowish spots ; a series of extremely minute black points near outer margin, the third from costa continued obliquely downwards as a slender abbreviated zigzag line ; fringes tipped with whitish ; under surface pale shining testaceous, with the body and internal areas of the wings almost cream-coloured, but the apical areas washed with reddish golden ; reticulations more strongly denned than above, golden cupreous, some of them expanded into angulated stripes enclosing black dots and striae ; three of these stripes cross the primaries, the central one united to a patch of the same colour, dotted with black and silver at the end of the cell ; the base of the cell, costal vein, and median vein are also defined by metallic silvery and opaline scales ; an oblique subapical black lice ; legs clay-coloured or reddish ochraceous ; Heterocera from the Australian Region. 421 posterior tarsi banded with silvery whitish. Expanse of wings, 20 mm. Peak Downs. ENNYCHIID^. GRAPHICOPODA, n. g. Seems to come nearest to Ennychia, the wings of the same form ; costal vein of primaries terminating at about second third of the margin ; subcostal five-branched, the first branch emitted before the end of the cell, the second, third, and fourth form a long foot- stalk, the second and third running to costa near apex and the fourth to apex, the fifth emitted from the inferior margin of the same footstalk just beyond the cell ; radials emitted from opposite angles of the cell, the disco-cellular being obsolete ; secondaries with the costal vein thickened towards the base ; forked at some distance beyond the cell, the subcostal simple, free, tapering to a fine point below the costal vein but not passing into it, met by an arched line of colour, which probably indicates the former existence of a disco-cellular (or transverse) vein, now obsolete ; radial forming a fourth median branch ; body tolerably slender, extending only a short distance beyond the secondaries ; antennae with large and somewhat cuneiform basal joint, otherwise thick, especially towards the middle, sparsely and delicately pilose; palpi straight, thick, rather long, porrect, coarsely scaled, the terminal joint rather short and acute ; legs rather long, compressed, the femora longitudinally deeply grooved, anterior femora with a thick tuft of hair towards the distal extremity, which curls forwards over the knees and projects from the inner surface ; anterior tibiae short, bearing a pencil of hairs, which is emitted below the knee and lies flat below the joint ; tarsi long ; second pair of tibiae bearing a terminal spur, as long as the first tarsal joint, and a long smooth pencil of gradually expanded hair-scales, which almost conceals the spur when viewed from the side ; the distal extremity of the tibial joint is also oblique and fringed; tibiae of last pair of legs bearing the usual two pairs of unequal spurs. 65. Graphicopoda hecate, n. s. Wings above pitchy black-brown ; the primaries with two ill- defined basal spots and a third spot below the origin of the first median branch of grey, changing in certain lights to opaline-lilac ; secondaries with the basi-costal area whitish ; body above greyish brown ; wings below blackish piceous, with the basal third whity brown, showing two blackish lunate spots towards the extremities 422 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- of the discoidal areas ; interno-basal area of primaries greenish opaline in certain lights ; body below and legs sordid whitish or pale whity brown. Expanse of wings, 21 rnm. Tonga Island (Friendly Islands). HYDKOCAMPID^. PSEUDEPHYKA, n. g. Apparently nearest to Homophysa, though the palpi differ considerably ; wings broad, having the general aspect of the Geometrid genus Ephyra, especially of E. splendens : very like HomopTiysa in neuration ; body very robust, not extending beyond the secondaries ; palpi porrected, large, compressed, expanded in front by a long fringe along the anterior surface, the terminal joint small and directed slightly downwards so that the anterior, or more strictly speaking, inferior, margin of the palpus is elongate sigmoidal; antennae filiform, extending to beyond the middle of the wing ; legs moderately long, stout, and somewhat compressed. 66. Pseudephyra straminea, n. s. Bright straw-yellow ; primaries with a subbasal reddish ochreous band, bounded by a metallic leaden line and sprinkled with metallic scales ; reniform spot indicated by two plumbageous dots connected by short ochreous lines; an angulated black-bordered reddish ochreous discal band, bounded internally by a plumbageous line of scales ; external margin irregularly bordered with reddish ochreous ; secondaries with a dot at the end of the cell, and the external two-fifths reddish ochreous, the latter crossed by a discal band similar to that on the primaries ; a line of plumbageous scales close to outer margin ; abdomen reddish ochreous crossed by slender black lines ; under surface pale stramineous ; the wings crossed by arched discal blackish bands, which do not reach the margins. Expanse of wings, 19 mm. Var. The reddish ochreous spots and bands replaced by black spots and broader greyish brown bands mottled with black ; the plumbageous scales remaining. Expanse of wings, 18 mm. Peak Downs. NIPHADAZA, n. g. Apparently nearest to Oligostigma ; wings narrow, elongated, acute at apex ; primaries with the outer margin very oblique ; costal margin nearly straight, costal vein extending to about the apical third of costa ; subcostal five-branched, emitting its first two branches before the end of the cell, its third just before the Heterocera from the Australian Region. 423 apex, its fourth running to the apex, fifth branch emitted from near the base of the long footstalk, which bears the third and fourth branches, just beyond the cell ; upper radial vein emitted from the anterior angle, and lower radial from the posterior angle of the cell ; disco-cellular veinlet angulated ; the three median branches well separated from each other at their origins ; secondaries with the costal margin nearly straight, outer margin slightly arched, abdominal margin short and nearly straight ; costal and subcostal veins contiguous to basal fourth, where they coalesce, but separate again just before the middle of the wing, the costal vein forming a long furca to apex and the subcostal continuing straight on to the outer margin ; disco-cellular veinlet absent, the cell con- sequently open, and the radial emitted as a fourth median branch ; palpi moderately long, directed forwards so as to show almost their entire length in front of the head ; antennae short, slender, monili- form, finely penicillated ; thorax robust, projecting well in front of the wings; tegulae large, extending to beyond the mesothorax; legs thick (both legs and abdomen broken short off in the type). 67. Niphadaza bicolor, n. s. Primaries above rust-red ; the base, an externally angulated band across the basal third, a small spot near the base of the lower radial interspace, a large apical costal spot, separated by a curved stripe of the ground colour from an internally somewhat conical external border (the centre of which is divided again by a forked line of the ground colour) snow-white ; secondaries snow-white, with a large subbasal interno-median spot, a broad discal band with arched outer edge and a small oblique spot near the middle of the outer margin, rust-red; antennae dark ferruginous banded with white; body snow-white, collar with a ferruginous spot on each side, thorax with darker red-brown scales at the sides ; primaries below pale golden, with white markings almost as above ; secondaries white, with a narrow diffused golden discal streak ; body white. Expanse of wings, 24 mm. Viti Islands. OLIGOSTIGMA, Guenee. 68. Oligostigma pallida, n. s. Chalky white; primaries sparsely irrorated with dark brown scales to external third, crossed at basal two-sevenths by an elbowed pale ochreous band ; a second widely Insinuated ochreous band crossing the wing obliquely beyond the middle ; a third band, twice interrupted and with dusky zigzag external edge near to outer 424 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- margin ; a submarginal series of short black dashes followed by a narrow testaceous stripe, and a marginal series of black dots; fringe slightly testaceous ; an oblique blackish dash upon the first ochreous band just below the median vein, and an imperfect annular blackish spot at the end of the cell ; secondaries crossed near the base by an oblique blackish-speckled pale ochreous line ; a second line crossing the middle of the wing from abdominal margin to costa, emitting a branch inwards from the end of the cell to the costa nearer the base ; a dusky-edged pale ochreous band crossing the disc, attenuated and elbowed towards the costa ; an undulated submarginal blackish line followed by a testaceous line and a marginal series of black dots ; fringe tinted with testaceous; markings below, excepting along the outer margins, very indistinct. Expanse of wings, 23 mm. Kockhampton. ASOPIID^E. KINECERA, Butler. 69. Rinecera nigrescens, n. s. Allied to R. mirabilis ; purplish black ; primaries crossed at basal fourth by an irregularly angulated whitish line ; a second very indistinct and very irregular zigzag line from costa to first median branch, along which it runs inwards for some distance, and then turns abruptly at a right angle and passes with two alternate angles to inner margin ; discoidal spots represented by two little white dashes ; secondaries crossed by two whitish lines, the first interrupted by a white dot at the end of the cell, the second running from about the middle of the outer margin to the costa ; both lines ill-defined in the male ; wings belowT nearly as above, but the internal borders sericeous- whitish ; body below sordid white. Expanse of wings : male, 23 mm. ; female, 20 mm. Viti Islands. The species is larger and darker than E. mirabilis, and differs in many details of colouring ; both evidently differ structurally from Ceratoclasis barbicornis, Feld. HOBMATHOLEPIS, n. g. Allied to Einecera ; wings elongated ; primaries with the costa deeply grooved below to a little before the middle, where the costal vein bends somewhat inwards before its termination ; subcostal vein apparently five-branched ;* remaining veins as mNiphadaza; * Owing to the folding over of the costal border in the type these branches are difficult to follow, but they appear to be similar Heteroc era from the Australian Region. 425 a thick tuft of projecting hair emitted from the middle of the internal border on the under surface of the primaries ; body much elongated, antennae much elongated, extending to about the fourth fifth of costa of primaries, the basal joint large, cylindrical ; following joints short, somewhat flattened, tapering, knotted above the middle, and emitting a tuft of long clubbed scales, which project forwards and slightly upwards to the distal fourth ; palpi long, curved, porrected ; second joint bearing a long pencil of hairs above and a shorter one below the terminal joint (giving the appearance of three pairs of palpi from one base ; legs long and rather slender, femora grooved ; anterior and middle tibiae short, with an appressed terminally fringed spur emitted from its inferior margin and running forwards to the extremity of the joint; posterior tibia? with three long slender spurs, the first projecting from near the middle, and the two others from the distal extremity of the joint. 70. Hormatholepis erebina, n. s. Dark smoky grey, with slight purplish and bronze reflections, the primaries almost crossed by two irregular blackish bands, the first across the basal third, and the second just beyond the middle ; both of these bands have zigzag external edges ; wings below darker than above. Expanse of wings, 28 mm. Viti Islands. ASOPIA, Guenee. 71. Asopia leonina, n. s. Primaries above bright straw-yellow, with purple-glossed black markings, almost exactly as in Dichocrocis frenatalis of Lederer, as follows : an arched line across the base ; a bisinuated line, angulated upon the median vein before the middle ; an oblique reniform spot, enclosing two whitish dots, at the end of the cell ; a sinuous line across the disc, bending inwards so as to touch the posterior extremity of the reniform spet, and a marginai line, emitting a streak above its centre to join the discal line, and broken up into spots towards external angle ; fringe whitish, spotted with grey ; secondaries distinctly paler, cream-coloured shot with stramineous, the disc crossed by an abbreviated and slightly tapering grey stripe ; an external grey border confined to apex and a continuous black marginal line ; fringe spotted with blackish ; front of thorax and centre of abdomen bright straw-yellow ; the latter with dorsal blackish dots ; remainder of body above shining to those of Niphadaza (Hydrocampidce) : the wings are delicate, and will not bear much damping with benzine. 426 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- cream-colour ; anal segment tipped and spotted with grey ; wings below cream-coloured, sericeous, with stramineous reflections ; markings on primaries less strongly denned than above ; fringe whitish, spotted with grey ; body below sericeous, cream-coloured. Expanse of wings, 17 mm. Peak Downs. LEUCOPHOTIS, n. g. Allied to Agathodes (A. ostentalis) ; with similar neuration ; style of coloration of Leucinodes ; body very robust, palpi erect, one-third of their length being visible above the top of the head, compressed, but not so broad as in Agathodes, and with prominent terminal joint ; antennae extending to about second third of primaries, serrated and finely penicillated along their inner or anterior surface ; tegulae large, expanded, almost entirely covering the thorax, abdomen extending about half its length beyond the secondaries, dorsally keeled and tufted, and with five tufts on each side ; wings broad, as in Margarodes. 72. Leucophotis pulchra, n. s. Wings semitransparent, yellowish ; basi-internal area of pri- maries above clay-coloured, crossed by two subbasal dull blackish bars, shot with steel-blue ; a third oblique interrupted blackish bar running from the middle of the inner margin to the end of the cell ; discoidal spots near together, annular, ferruginous, with yellowish centres ; an irregular subapical blue-black patch, edged internally by a slender white line, but externally bounded by a diffused ferruginous border; an indistinct undulated ferruginous and ochreous submarginal line curving inwards towards costa; secondaries with a rather broad abbreviated oblique band of blue- black, with ferruginous edges, from the middle of the radial interspace across the end of the cell to the submedian vein, up which it runs almost to the base, a subbasal brown spot ; an angular subapical blue-glossed blackish patch bordered externally with reddish ochraceous, and partly confluent with an irregularly sinuated ochreous submarginal line; head above yellow, banded with ferruginous ; antennae ferruginous ; collar reddish testaceous ; tegulae pale greyish brown, opaline in certain lights; abdomen greyish brown, reddish at the base ; lateral tufts with a plumbageous gloss ; under surface sericeous cream-colour ; the discs of the wings semitransparent ; an abbreviated transverse black bar from the cell almost to the inner margin in all the wings, and the subapical angulated black patches of the upper surface ; front pair of legs Heterocera from the Australian Region. 427 blackish above ; venter with a central longitudinal clay-coloured line. Expanse of wings, 49 mm. Viti Islands. This is one of the largest, and at the same time strikingly coloured, of the Pyrales. ENDOTRICHA, Zell. 73. Endotricha annuligera, n. s. General appearance of Locastra (L. arnica and allies) ; primaries greyish brown, with the central third creamy, subhyaline, bounded by the usual lines, which are black ; the outer line broken up into spots and of the usual angulated form ; four black annular costal markings upon the central area ; a small cuneiform costal cream- coloured spot beyond the outer line, in continuation of the central belt ; reniform spot represented by a curved clavate brownish outline ; fringe micaceous-grey, with a basal black-spotted cream- coloured line ; secondaries cream-coloured, with the external third irregularly grey-brown ; fringe as in the primaries ; head and front of thorax brown, mottled with whitish and pale testaceous ; back of thorax white ; abdomen white, with a large slightly greyish scutiform central patch, partly margined and dotted with black-brown; primaries with markings as above, but the black lines on the primaries replaced by grey, and the basal area cream- coloured ; body below creamy white. Expanse of wings, 17 mm. Peak Downs. Though much unlike the known species of Endotricha in coloration, this species appears to belong to that genus. 74. Endotricha obscura, n. s. $ . Nearest to E. docilisalis ; considerably smaller, with differently coloured fringes and differently formed lines across the secondaries on the under surface ; upper surface shining dark lilacine-grey, costa of primaries golden brown, with a very slender black edge dotted with yellow; a faintly indicated arched line across the basal third ; a slender slaty grey submarginal line, internally white-edged at costa ; fringe bright golden chrome- yellow tipped with silvery white, replaced by shining cupreous tipped with lilacine at apex, in the middle and at external angle, the two latter patches of deeper colour being moreover connected by a partly confluent series of plum-coloured dots near the base of the fringe ; secondaries with pearl-white costal area ; faint indications 428 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- of two grey-edged pale lines across the wings ; fringe silvery white, golden cupreous, spotted with plum- coloured lunules at the base ; head, collar, and tegulae golden brown ; thorax and abdomen lilacine greyish ; primaries below smoky grey, shot with lilacine ; internal area white ; costal margin black, spotted with yellowish ; costal area golden towards apex ; a biangulated white line towards outer margin, its costal third black-edged externally ; a black marginal line ; fringe nearly as above ; secondaries rosy lilacine, whitish on the basi-abdominal area; an angulated grey -brown stripe at basal third, and a lunule of the same colour at the end of the cell ; a broad tapering brown stripe enclosing a pink undulated line from costa to anal angle ; a partly confluent marginal series of black dashes ; fringe almost as above ; body below dull rose- coloured, legs partly white, tarsi more or less broadly banded with grey-brown ; anal segments golden ochreous in the centre. Expanse of wings, 21 mm. Eockhampton. The allied E. docilisalis has been declared to be synonymous with E. stilbealis, a species differing from it in size, coloration, and pattern ; the two have also been pronounced to be females of Messatis sabirusalis = Paconia albiftmbrialis = Tricomia auroralis = Rhodaria robina ; if it be a fact that either E. docilisalis or E. stilbealis is the female of Walker's M. sabirusalis (which has much the aspect of Rhodaria sanguinalis on a larger scale), the species can no longer remain in Endotricha, a genus in which the sexes agree in both size, form, and pattern. E. obscura, in pattern, nearly resembles E. sondaicalis of Snellen from the Celebes. EHIMPHALEA, Led. 75. Rhimphalea tenone, n. s. Pearly semitransparent white, wings with a broad internally dentated bronze-brown border with purplish reflections, enclosing three acute closely approximated spots above the median branches ; veins black ; wings crossed beyond the middle by a very irregular purplish brown line parallel to the inner edge of the external border ; primaries with the costal border creamy white ; two or three blackish subbasal spots ; two irregular lines crossing the wing, the first near the base, the second (partly formed by a large purplish black reniform spot) across the middle ; orbicular spot Heteroc era from the Australian Region. 429 somewhat elongated, angulated in front ; a longitudinal black streak almost uniting the two lines below the cell ; fringes of all the wings plumbageous-grey, with a whitish basal and a black subbasal line ; head and front of collar pale ochreous ; back of collar pale sericeous-grey ; a large black spot on each tegula ; abdomen pearly white ; wings below as above ; body pearl-white, front legs greyish. Expanse of wings, '25 mm. Kockhampton. PTERYGISUS, n. g, ; ISOPTERYX, Guenee.* 76. Pterygisus ochreipennis, n. s. Primaries black, changing in certain lights to dark chocolate ; an ochreous spot at base of inner margin ; .a paler ochreous band from the median vein to the inner margin at basal fourth ; a minute spot of the same colour obliquely above the latter within the cell ; two white spots placed transversely in the middle of the wing ; a small pale ochreous spot obliquely below the latter close to inner margin ; a quadrate white spot immediately beyond the cell ; an ochreous subapical costal spot ; three small ochreous discal spots on the median interspaces, forming a transverse tapering line ; fringe alternately black and white ; secondaries deep ochreous ; the centre of the costal border, a tapering abbre- viated f -shaped streak just before the middle, an angulated discal line and the outer border (sinuated in the middle), black; thorax brown; abdomen grey, pale testaceous at the base. Expanse of wings, 18 mm. Peak Downs. GONOCAUSTA, Led. 77. Gonocausta ? asuridia, n. s. Like the small genus Asura (Lithosiidce) in coloration ; primaries above with two ochreous spots towards the base of the costa, an oblique cream-coloured streak from the second of these spots almost to the inner margin ; and two broad cream-coloured bands, central and discal, connected near the centre so as to form the letter W , thus ; fringe whitish, with the middle, the apex, and the external angle, black; secondaries ochreous, streaked with black at the base ; the outer half of the costal border, a broad apical patch, a smaller anal patch, and a narrow external border uniting all together, black ; fringe alternately black and white ; body dark chocolate-brown ; the head and back of tegulse pale ochraceous ; * Preoccupied in Neuroptera (Pictet, Hist. Nat. Neur. Peiiides). TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1886. PART IV. (DEC/ 2 G 480 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- abdomen crossed by slender white segmental lines ; under surface nearly as above; palpi ochreous, legs and venter banded with ochreous. Expanse of wings, 20 mm. Peak Downs. MAKGAKONIID^E. 78. Margaronia limbata, n. s. Allied to M. transvisalis ; primaries silvery white ; costal border golden ochraceous ; veins towards outer margin greyish, in certain lights cupreous ; fringe, excepting at apex, grey with bronze reflections and whity brown basal line ; secondaries pearly white, with diffused grey external border and slender dusky marginal line ; fringe white, the apical half tipped with grey ; body silvery white ; antennae pale bronze-brown ; primaries below white to the end of the cell, with the veins and costa greyish ; remainder of the wing sericeous-greyish ; secondaries sericeous snow-white, with greyish external border ; body below silvery white ; an ochreous lateral stripe running from the tip of the palpus to the shoulder. Expanse of wings, 27 mm. Kockhampton. The greyish border to the secondaries in this species is sufficient to distinguish it at a glance from M. transvi- salis, apart from other characters. BOTYDID^. BOTYS, Latr. 79. Botys horatius, n. s. Nearly resembles B. hecalialis of St. Domingo, excepting in its inferior size ; bright golden ochreous ; primaries with the central area slightly opaline ; an oblique purplish black dash at base of costa ; a subangulated purplish black line across the basal fourth ; a short transverse line at the end of the cell and a line across the external fourth arched from costal margin to first median branch, and thence biangulated or zigzag to inner margin ; secondaries pale towards the costa ; a slightly irregular purplish brown line from the end of the cell to the anal angle ; markings below less strongly defined than above. Expanse of wings, 20 mm. Viti Islands. This species is also probably allied toAstura ? clytusalis, Walk. (Botys clytialis, Led.). Heterocera from the Australian Region. 431 80. Botys argyrogaster, n. s. Pale golden testaceous ; wings becoming gradually pearl-white towards the base ; orbicular spot represented by a golden brown dot ; reniform spot by a little transverse spot of the same colour ; a faint indication of a golden brown wavy discal line ; back of thorax pearl-white, abdomen golden testaceous, becoming darker towards the posterior margins of the segments, which are pearl- white, sides and anal segment pearl-white ; wings below slightly paler than above, pectus white, legs cream-coloured ; venter silvery white. Expanse of wings, 25 mm. Viti Islands. Belongs to the long-winged group of this too elastic genus. EMPREPES, Led. 81. Emprepes insignis, n. s. Primaries above rather pale chrome -yellow, with broad internally bisinuated shining bronze-brown outer border; a small spot of yellow, with a faint submarginal streak of the same colour above it, near external angle ; costal margin to just beyond the end of the cell, a subbasal transverse stripe and a quadrate spot at the end of the cell (uniting the costa to the angle between the sinua- tions of the external border) black-brown ; secondaries shining bronze-brown ; costal area white, excepting at apex; fringe greyish; head above cream-colour; collar dark brown, with a cream-coloured spot on each side ; thorax ochreous, with a dark brown band across the front ; abdomen pale bronze-brown, with whitish hind margins to the posterior segments; under surface with the brown areas more golden ; otherwise much as above. Expanse of wings, 17 — 18 mm. Male, Gayndah ; female, Peak Downs. SCOPULA, Schr. 82. Scopula auritincta, n. s. Golden ochraceous, primaries paler towards the inner margin ; base of the wing crossed by a broad imperfect greyish brown 8-shaped figure, not reaching the margins; a quadrate spot closing the cell, and a second large oblique S-shaped figure (open at its extremities) crossing the disc ; this figure is formed by an angulated discal stripe united just about its central angle to a 3-shaped sub- marginal stripe ; neither of these stripes extend to the costal or 432 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- inner margins ; secondaries considerably paler than the primaries, excepting along the outer margin; an indistinct greyish apical border; wings below uniform pale golden stramineous, the pri- maries showing traces of the markings of the upper surface ; pectus silvery white, legs partly ochraceous ; venter cream- coloured, with glistening white hind margins to the segments. Expanse of wings, 25 mm. Peak Downs. NYMPHULA, Schr. 83. Nymphula sordida, n. s. Whity brown, with faint golden reflections ; primaries with a small dusky spot at the base ; a dark brown dot just below the middle of the discoidal cell ; orbicular spot also represented by a similar dot ; reniform spot well-defined, smoky brown ; a diffused smoky brown apical spot and a streak of scattered scales of the same colour near outer margin ; a marginal series of blackish dots ; fringe shining whitish, traversed by a dusky line; secondaries slightly greyish, with darker diffused external border ; fringes as in primaries ; thorax greyish ; wings below whity brown, slightly pearly ; markings obsolete ; body below pearly white. Expanse of wings, 24 mm. Eockhampton. BOARMIID^E. BOARMIA, Treit. 84. Boarmia tongaica, n. s. Yellowish (or bone-) whitish; external borders of the wings blotched with sepia-brown, crossed by a submarginal dentate- sinuate white line ; an angular undulated sepia-brown discal band, traversed along its inner edge by a line of the ground colour ; a conspicuous black spot enclosing a line of silvery grey scales at the extremity of each discoidal cell, below and beyond which spot is a dusky nebulous patch, widest on the secondaries ; an irregular oblique dark brown line commencing with an elbow at the middle of the costal margin of the primaries, passing in front of the cell in these wings and behind the discoidal spot on the secondaries, terminating at about the middle of the abdominal margin ; base mottled with blackish brown ; primaries with an elbowed black- edged brown band across the basal fourth ; costal margin irregularly spotted with black ; thorax greyish brown ; tegulae and abdomen spotted with black; under surface of the wings with the disc clouded with greyish brown ; a spot of the ground colour at the apices of the wings, a second at the extremity of the second Heterocera from the Australian Region. 433 median interspaces, and a diffused discal streak from the inner margins near the posterior angles ; the anal border of secondaries also whitish ; discoidal spots well-defined, black in the centre ; markings towards the base ill-defined; body below bone-whitish. Expanse of wings, 42 mm. Tonga Island. Not very nearly allied to any known species. 85. Boarmia samoana, n. s. Pale vinous-brown, irrorated with sepia-brown ; wings crossed by blurred imperfect sepia-brown lines and spots, as in B. abietaria of Europe ; an undulated yellowish testaceous undulated discal stripe, interrupted by the dark brown spots, which succeed the outer line of the central band, the primaries also with two longitudinal divergent stripes of the same yellowish colour below the cell, and one or two indistinct yellowish spots towards base of costal border ; abdomen with the usual dorsal series of black dots in pairs ; under surface with the markings almost obliterated, the annular discoidal markings represented by a large grey spot on the primaries and a smaller one on the secondaries; a greyish diffused submarginal band widening into a broad patch towards costa of primaries ; the costal border of these wings also spotted with blackish. Expanse of wings, 36 mm. Samoan Islands. Nearest to B. procursaria from India. 86. Boarmia godeffroyi, n. s. Apparently most nearly allied to B. secundaria ol Europe ; whity brown ; most of the lines across the wings externally ill- defined, only indicated here and there by a few dark brown scales ; spots at the extremities of the discoidal cells large, blackish, enclosing a white crescent ; the post-median blackish line and the undulated brown stripe beyond it distinct, excepting on the median interspaces of the primaries and the costal area of the secondaries ; the costal area of the primaries clouded with greyish towards apex ; a marginal series of black dots ; secondaries with the central belt rufous-brown from the disco -cellular spot to the abdominal margin ; abdomen with the usual black dots; wings below whiter than above, with the disc purplish grey, forming a broad belt across the wings, with its centre rather paler than its borders, that on the primaries extending to the outer margin, excepting at apex and 434 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- extremity of second median interspace, that of the secondaries zigzag and partly touching the outer margin towards apex ; disco- cellular spots represented by large black spots. Expanse of wings, 35 mm. Kockhampton. The coloration of this spemes is decidedly peculiar, especially on the under surface, which is like that of Ophthalmodes. n. g. Allied to Boarmia ; neuration very similar, especially in the primaries; the subcostal branches of the secondaries and the second and third median branches emitted at a short distance from each other instead of from the same point ; the disco -cellular veinlet also much more deeply inarched than in Boarmia ; on the under surface of the secondaries are two thick masses of woolly hair, the first projecting from the outer half of the median vein and the base of its first branch over the interno-median area, the second spreading outwards from the basal half of the abdominal margin ; body robust, palpi rather longer than in Boarmia, por- rected, with deflexed short fusiform terminal joint ; antennae wanting in the type. 87. jEgitrichus lanaris, n. s. Nearly resembles Boarmia consortaria, but the ground colour of the wings is whiter, the disco-cellular spots are well-defined, crescent- shaped, white, that of the primaries with a grey border ; the lines across the wings are also better-defined, blacker; the submarginal dark-bordered zigzag white stripe is farther from the outer margin, the lines of the central belt converge more towards the inner margin of the primaries, the outer line in all the wings is less regular, and the black dots along the outer margin are better- defined ; on the under surface the differences are considerably more marked, the ground colour both of wings and body being of a pale sericeous vinous-grey instead of clear cream-colour, and the markings consist of ill-defined greyish disco-cellular spots, an arched discal streak and a submarginal band, barely distinguishable on the primaries ; the hairy masses are tipped with grey. Expanse of wings, 47 mm. Viti Islands. Heterocera from the Australian Region. 435 LYCAUGES, Butler. 88. Ly cauges proxima, n. s. Very near L. lactea of Japan, of nearly the same size and general tints; whity brown, almost white; wings with a black disco-cellular dot, an oblique greyish stripe beyond the cell, its upper extremity touching a slender black dotted grey discal zigzag line, elbowed towards costa ; two undulated grey submarginal stripes, ill-defined on the primaries, and a marginal series of extremely minute black points ; costal margin of primarie yellowish in certain lights ; the submedian area of these wings on the under surface greyish ; basal half of secondaries below sprinkled with grey scales ; all the black dots of the upper surface present, but the grey stripes and lines ill-defined. Expanse of wings, 19 mm. Rockhampton. This species should be placed between L. defamataria and L. lactea. GEOMETKID^E. CHLOEOCHROMA, Dup. 89. Chlorochroma neptunus, n. s. Dull sea-green ; primaries crossed by two widely-separated slender undulated white lines ; costal margin very narrowly edged with creamy whitish ; a small dark green disco-cellular lunule ; fringe whitish, with a central green stripe; secondaries crossed beyond the middle by a single slender subangulated undulated white line ; a dark green disco-cellular dot ; fringe as in primaries ; vertex of head and upper surface of antennae snow-white, under surface of antennae cream-coloured ; wings below, especially the secondaries, suffused with pearly white ; costal margin of pri- maries cream-coloured ; markings obsolete ; body below white ; legs yellowish. Expanse of wings, 26 mm. Gayndah. Nearest to C. carenaria, which appears to have been described from worn examples of Geometra submissaria of Walker. IDMIDM. ID^A, Hiibn. 90. Idcea lydia, n. s. Whity brown, irrorated with grey-brown ; a slightly irregular smoky brown band crossing the primaries obliquely beyond the 436 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- middle and the secondaries at the middle ; a paler and more diffused band beyond the latter, its outer edge zigzag ; secondaries also with a submarginal stripe of the same colour ; an almost marginal series of black points alternately placed with a series of small brown spots at the base of the fringe ; markings below less strongly denned. Expanse of wings, 23 mm. Peak Downs. Allied to J. attributa. 91. Idcea Jessica, n. s. Nearly allied to the preceding species, smaller, the primaries more acute ; the band beyond the middle much nearer to the outer margin, narrower, paler, and less irregular ; the discal band following it better-defined upon the primaries, and with undulated (not zigzag) external edge ; a submarginal series of grey-brown spots on all the wings ; dots at outer margin extremely minute ; secondaries with a black dot at the end of the cell. Expanse of wings, 17 mm. Peak Downs. 92. Idcea nivipennis, n. s. Snow-white ; wings crossed beyond the middle by two parallel slender grey dentated lines and two subconfluent squamose stripes near the outer margin ; a marginal series of very minute blackish points ; primaries with a very slenderly ochraceous costal margin ; a minute black point at the inferior angle of the cell ; face brown, darkest towards the vertex of the head, the latter white ; front of collar orange ; antennra brown, becoming white at the base ; under surface snow-white ; the costal margin of the primaries ochreous anterior COXSB yellowish ; anterior tibiae and tarsi brownish above. Expanse of wings, 26 mm. Viti Islands. 93. Idcea innocens, n. s. Belongs to the J. ornata group ; small ; chalky white, with small but conspicuous black disco-cellular spots; a very irregularly sinuous olive brownish line crossing the primaries in front of the disco-cellular spot, curving inwards below it and then downwards with a slight curve inwards to inner margin, crossing the secondaries obliquely behind the disco -cellular spot at about the basal third ; a faint indication of a brownish discal line, followed Heteroc era from the Australian Region.\ 437 by an internally diffused widely undulated brownish band towards outer margin; an imperfect submarginal brownish stripe, a marginal series of linear black markings almost forming a perfect marginal line ; wings below only showing the black markings, the primaries also with an indication of the undulated brownish band ; these wings are suffused with pale brown, excepting towards inner margin ; legs brownish. Expanse of wings, 18 mm. Eockhampton. 94. Idcea agues, n. s. Pure white ; primaries with a brown and secondaries with a black disco-cellular dot, from which to the inner margins is a faint linear stain of brown (only visible with a lens) ; a very slender crenulated brownish discal line, dotted with black, and externally edged with ochreous upon the radial interspaces of the primaries ; two barely visible parallel brownish stripes ; a marginal brown line dotted with black, and interrupted at the extremities of the veins on the secondaries ; face dark brown ; antennae bronze- brownish ; back of head pale ochreous ; pectus silvery white ; anterior and middle legs silvery brownish in front; abdomen chalky white ; primaries below sericeous, sordid white, pure white towards inner margin; secondaries pure white; black dots as above ; other markings obsolete. Expanse of wings, 22 mm. Eockhampton. Allied to I. deliciosaria, and belongs to the group with angulated secondaries, flattened posterior tibiae, and short posterior tarsi. FIDONIID^E. PANAGRA, Guenee. 95. Panagra rupicolor, n. s. Dove-grey, sparsely irrorated with dark grey; a black spot at the extremity of each discoidal cell, and an abbreviated black- brown stripe from just beyond the middle of each inner margin, that on the primaries strongly marked, with pale inner edge, oblique, extending to the lower radial vein ; a small spot at about the basal third of the submedian vein ; the stripe on the secondaries slender, disappearing at the base of the second median branch ; fringes pale brown ; under surface paler, the primaries very pale bronzy brownish, indistinctly and transversely striated with grey ; costal border and veins pale straw-yellow ; a blackish disco-cellular spot ; secondaries white speckled with dark grey, with three sub- apical spots and a subanal dash of the same colour ; veins yellow ; 438 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- fringe yellowish at the base; a black disco-cellular spot; body whity brown. Expanse of wings, 33 mm. Peak Downs. CASBIA, Walk. 96. Casbia irrorata, n. s. ? . Pale pinky brown with golden reflections, densely irrorated with grey ; wings with very minute marginal black dots ; primaries with the costal border slightly whitish ; head dark brown ; under surface white, grey-speckled, with a faint bronze-brown tint in certain lights ; external borders pinky brown, mottled with grey ; a small blackish disco-cellular spot on each wing ; legs cream- coloured. Expanse of wings, 26 mm. Kockhampton. Allied to C. rectaria, Walk., but without the bands and spots characteristic of that species ; it seems improbable that it can be a variety. ASPILATES. 97. Aspilates clarissa, n. s. General aspect of very pale examples of Osteodes tu/rbulentata, Guen. (= Aspilates exumbrata and semispurcata, Walk.), seri- ceous pinky whitish, indistinctly irrorated with grey-brown scales ; under surface of a more creamy tint, with the costal border of the primaries slightly ochraceous; the female decidedly whiter than the male on both surfaces. Expanse of wings, 31 mm. Male, Moreton Bay ; female, Peak Downs. LAKENTIID.E. CIDAEIA, Treits. 98. Cidaria decipiens, n. s. Closely allied to C. emilia of Chili, from which it chiefly differs in the absence of the yellow streaks on the veins ; primaries pale leaden grey, with darker basal patch and subangulated central belt, with zigzag black margins and white borders ; a narrow grey-speckled testaceous band bounding the inner edge of the central belt; an ill-defined black reniform spot; a submarginal series of more or less confluent squamose blackish spots, largest towards apex, indistinctly edged externally by a white line ; secondaries grey ; a faint indication of an angular whitish diffused stripe across the middle and an oblique whitish line from anal Heteroc era from the Australian Region. 439 angle ; thorax dark grey ; abdomen paler grey, with darker lateral spots ; under surface sericeous pale grey ; wings with small black disco-cellular spots and a whitish angular discal stripe. Expanse of wings, 20 mm. Sydney. COEEMIA, Guenee. 99. Coremia picta, n. s. Primaries sericeous golden buff; crossed at the base by two black- edged zigzag silvery grey bands, in the middle by an irregular pale shining chocolate-brown band, widest on costa, biangulated internally and bisinuated externally, edged with black and bordered with white and silvery grey; a rather broad pale shining chocolate-brown external border, interrupted at apex by a large oval silvery white spot, and bounded internally by a series of silvery margined black spots; secondaries pale sericeous smoky grey ; head and thorax dark grey, spotted with pale yellow ; abdo- men whity brown ; under surface dark shining grey, irrorated with white ; a submarginal series of white spots, bordered internally with dark grey. Expanse of wings, 19 mm. Viti Islands. PHYCITID^. SALEBRIA, Zell. There can be little doubt that the following species belongs to this genus ; the secondaries, however, have distinctly nine veins ; they appear to have twelve, as there is a strongly denned fold between the abdominal margin and the internal vein, and there are two similar (but reversed) folds between the internal and the sub- median veins ; in Meyrick's description, and in his structural diagnosis of the family, he appears to have overlooked the internal vein altogether. It is very improbable that any of the Phycitidce can have so few as seven veins in the secondaries. 100. Salebria squamicornis, n. s. Primaries pale shining stramineous ; a pure white longitudinal subcostal stripe tapering at each end, passing through the cell almost to outer margin ; secondaries sericeous brownish white, with yellowish reflections, semitransparent, slightly darker along the external border; fringe white, traversed near the base by a dusky line ; head, collar, and tegulae dull stramineous ; remainder of body yellowish white, pearly ; primaries below pale stramineous; 440 Mr. Butler's descriptions of Lepidoptera- secondaries whitish, tinted with stramineous towards the outer margin; body below whitish, palpi and legs dull stramineous. Expanse of wings, 24 mm. Peak Downs. MELLA, Walk. (ETIELLA, Zell. nom. spec.). In this genus also there appear to be nine veins (not eight) in the hind wings, the internal vein having been passed over. 101. Mella arenosa, n. s. Primaries above pale sandy testaceous, the fringe slightly greyish with a pale basal stripe; secondaries semitransparent pearly greyish white, with faint golden reflections ; fringe whitish, with a dusky subbasal stripe ; body pale testaceous, the head and thorax slightly olivaceous ; wings below sericeous, pearly ; the primaries, the costa of the secondaries, and the base of the fringes in all the wings pale golden stramineous ; fringe with a greyish subbasal stripe ; body below whitish, legs and palpi sordid. Expanse of wings, 26 mm. Peak Downs. ANERASTIA, Hiibn. 102. Anerastia nitens, n. s. Shining whity brown ; primaries sparsely irrorated with black, with an oblique line of black scales from outer fourth of dorsal margin to lower radial vein; external border somewhat more densely irrorated with black than the remainder of the wing, the atoms tending to produce a marginal series of spots and indicating a line through the centre of the fringe; thorax and abdomen somewhat ochraceous ; under surface shining whity brown, without markings. Expanse of wings, 21 mm. Peak Downs. CEAMBID^E. DIPTYCOPHOEA, Zell. 103. Diptycophora inornata, n. s. Pale stone-greyish, sericeous; primaries in the female greyer than the secondaries ; reniform spot large, more or less ochraceous, and sometimes outlined in black and subquadrate ; costal margin slenderly blackish, interrupted (so as to form three short dashes) towards apex ; a diffused white band from centre of inner margin to costa at apex, interrupted by a slender oblique elbowed line of Heterocera from the Australian Region. 441 the ground colour, the angle just beyond the end of the cell ; a diffused black-speckled grey streak partly bounding the white band externally ; an ill-defined wavy submarginal dusky line (not visible in the male), followed by a series of elongated spots forming an interrupted stripe ; external area white towards the posterior angle ; outer margin slenderly dusky, undulated ; fringe grey, white at the base : secondaries with the fringe grey, excepting a very slender basal line ; palpi greyish ; under surface whity brown, without markings. Expanse of wings, 17 — 18 mm. Gayndah and Peak Downs. EXPLANATION OF PLATES IX. & X. PLATE IX. FIG. 1. Xanthodule semiochrea. 2. Chionophasma paradoxa. 3. Leptocneria binotata. 4. Acritocera negligens ; a,, antenna. 5. EurypsycTie similis. 6. Dysbatus singularis. 7. Badinogoes tennis. 8. Aporocosmus bracteatus. 9. Leucocosmia ceres. 10. Canthylidia pallida. PLATE X. 1. Lophocoleus mirabilis ; a, tibia and tarsus, with the apex of the femur. 2. Matceomera dubia. 3. Ijeucopliotis pulchra. 4. Mgitriclius lanaris. 5. Eulocastra fasciata. 6. Gonocausta asuridia. 7. Nipliadaza bicolor. 8. Hormatholepis erebina. 9. Pseudephyra straminea. 10. Pterygisus ochreipennis. Ti -a tut. Eni, . Soc. Lorul . 1886 . PL IX. 6. 10. "Horrrvan-FisKer del et iith Mintern Bros . CViromo imp. New Lepidoptera . KnJb . ,Soc . Lend . 1886 . ?l. X. la. 10. Maud Hor-man-Raher del eUitk. Mirxtem Bros . Chi-omo imp. New Lepidoptera Trana. Erdb . Soc . Lend . MM , PL. X. \ la. 10. •t-. Horman-KsKer cLeletlitK. New Lepidoptera Mintern Bros . Chromo imp. [From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATUBAL HisxoBY/or February 1887.] Description of a new Butterfly allied to Vanessa antiopa. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. FOR some years past I have held the view that what is generally understood by the term species (that is to say, a well-defined, distinct, and constant type, having no near allies) is non-existent in the Lepidoptera, and that the nearest approach to it in this order is a constant, though but slightly differing, race or local form — that genera, in fact, consist wholly of a gradational series of such forms. In opposition to this view certain " species " are cited as isolated, or in no way united by existing intergrades to their nearest allies, from which, moreover, they show such wide differences that the existence of intergrades is regarded as highly improbable. One of the best known and, at the same time, widely distributed of these apparently isolated species is Vanessa antiopa, which, although slightly modified locally in size and tint (the Central-American form being usually smaller and the North- American larger and more heavily speckled than the European type), yet has no described allies ' 104 Mr. A. G. Butler on a new Butterfly. nearer than the blue-belted V. glaucoma, cliaronia, and haronica. The forms differing from the type of V. antiopa — V. hygicea, from Europe, and F. Lintnerij from the United States — are regarded, with every likelihood of being right, as aber- rations of that species ; judging from Hiibner's figure (lettered " antiopa ") and Fitch's description, these aberrations appear to be very similar, differing chiefly from the normal form in the absence of many of the blue spots and the slightly wider yellow border of all the wings. The following form is less likely to be a variety of V. an- tiopa than the others, since the modification of the border is not uniform and at the same time is far more remarkable ; it was obtained by the Hon. Walter De Rothschild from a collection of Lepidoptera chiefly from British Honduras, but with which the collector had carelessly placed species obtained in British Guiana. At the same time, as the small form of the allied F. antiopa occurs in Mexico and Guatemala, it is more probable that the former locality is the correct one than the latter. Vanessa Thomsonii, n. sp. * *• Colouring darker than in F. antiopa j primaries with pale straw-coloured outer border, about as wide as in that species, but heavily mottled with black, especially upon the veins ; a subapical oblique yellow spot followed by five smaller decreasing and less distinct spots of the same colour, but fol- lowed by whitish scales, the whole forming an elbowed series j costa speckled with yellowish in the centre : secondaries with the basal three fifths of the same dark dull chocolate-brown as the primaries, the external two fifths, which are separated by a sharply defined, regularly dentate-sinuate line from costa to anal angle, straw-yellow, rather heavily mottled with black, but densely so upon the tail. Below, the general colour- ing is sericeous dark grey-brown, rather browner on the primaries than on the secondaries, striated throughout with intense black ; the borders of the wings are broadly paler, of more equal width than above, bounded internally by two or y >^three white points, and mottled with white; the fringe ochreous, interrupted by the black veins. Expanse of wings 67 millim. British Honduras ? (coll. Ron. W. De Rothschild) . It will be seen that the outer border of the secondaries in this insect is twice the width of that of the primaries. <• ,-v . ... • :'V V .^* [From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OP NATURAL HISTORY for June 1887.] Descriptions of new Species of Moths (Noctuites] from the Solomon Islands. By ARTHUR Gr. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. THE following new species are from the collection recently sent home by Mr. C. M. Woodford. Ommatoplioridae. 1. Nyctipao variegata, sp. n. ? . Nearest to N. crepuscularisj decidedly larger ; the ocellus of primaries as in N. ephesphoris and bounded by a 433 Mr. A. G. Butler on new Moths broader bone-yellowish belt than in N. crepuscularis ; the transverse pale stripe crossing the angle of this belt very indistinct and quite perpendicular, instead of slightly oblique ; the seventh spot of the subraarginal zigzag series considerably enlarged : secondaries entirely different, the basal area pale sordid buff, gradually changing to vinous brown before the middle, with a large apical darker brown patch interrupted by the usual cuneiform, subcostal, apical, white spot, which is, however, twice as large as in N. crepuscularis ; basal fourth crossed by a blackish-brown stripe ; a nearly straight dif- fused dark brown stripe across the middle ; six submarginal black spots with whitish sigmoidal or lunate inner borders : abdomen with no basal brown band or subbasal white band, pale greyish brown or dove-coloured, with yellowish base and sides. Under surface quite unlike that of N. crepuscularis, pale sandy buff, with a more or less arched purplish-brown stripe before the middle of all the wings and a broad external border of the same colour enclosing a zigzag series of large white spots : primaries with a white crescentic spot at the end of the cell : secondaries with a dark brown angular discocellular spot : body below sandy buff, the anterior half of the pectus ochraceous. Expanse of wings 119 millim. Alu, Shortland Island. 2. Nyctipao caliginea, sp. n. ? . Allied to N. ephesphorts, leucotcenia, and dentifascia, but readily separable from all three by its slightly superior size, the distinctly broader external area, the much more angular white band across the primaries, the wider white band across the secondaries, the white and whitish zigzag series of markings on the external area well separated from the white band, the more purplish tint of, and better defined black stripes on, the basal area : the white apical spots resemble those of N. ephesphoris ; on the under surface the white spots are large, as in N. ephesphoris, but the sixth spot of the primaries and the fifth of the secondaries are projected forward towards the outer margin, as in N. dentifascia. Expanse of wings 119 millim. Alu. Thermesiidae. 3. Sonagara superior, sp. n. cJ. Allied to S. strigosa, Moore (Descr. Atk. p. 180, p. v. fig. 17) ; decidedly larger. Wings above sericeous from the Solomon Islands. 434 pale sandy brownish, reticulated with grey : primaries with blackish costal dashes, a minute black point at the inferior angle of the cell ; an oblique straight brownish streak from outer third of inner margin to apex : secondaries with a narrow, ill-defined, brownish central band ; a black spot at the end of the cell : body pale sandy brownish, darker in front. Under surface slightly paler and yellower than above, reticulations less distinct, brown stripe of primaries ill-defined ; band of secondaries wanting, a well-defined black spot at the end of each discoidal cell ; palpi and front of pectus brownish. Expanse of wings 22 millim. Alu. Erosiida. 4. Erosia mutans, sp. n. $ . Allied to a Ceylonese species (see Moore's Lep. Ceylon, pi. clxxxvi. fig. 7) of the same general tints and pattern, but larger, with broader primaries and differently formed discal stripe on these wings : primaries from base to discal stripe pale sericeous brown, mottled with grey ; external area ash- grey, mottled with slate-grey ; discal stripe whitish, changing to cupreous in certain lights, straight and transverse from costa to lower radial, thence acutely angulated, running in a double zigzag to near external angle, its inferior extremity forming the outer boundary of a subpyriform, black-bordered, grey spot on the inner margin ; a submarginal series of black spots bordered with whitish, changing in certain lights to cupreous ; fringe similarly coloured : secondaries slate-grey, with two submedian divergent streaks from the base, an acutely angulated stripe beyond the middle, a sinuous sub- marginal stripe and the fringe whitish, changing to cupreous ; the basal area (excepting the cupreous streaks), the inner border of the posterior portion of the postmedian stripe, and a cuneiform patch connecting its anterior portion with the outer stripe blackish brown ; submarginal stripe imperfectly bor- dered externally with black : face bronze-brown ; vertex of head and antennae silvery white, collar dark brown, thorax and tegulae whitish ; abdomen grey, with a black transverse basal stripe. Under surface wholly leaden grey, with indis- tinct darker mottling on the wings ; the costa of secondaries with coarse blackish fringe. Expanse of wings 24 millim. Alu. The above may belong to the group named Dirades by Walker, in which the sexes differ in the shape and slightly in 435 Mr. A. G. Butler on new Moths the pattern of the secondaries. The following is undoubtedly a Dirades : — 5. Dirades aluensis, sp. n. Allied to Erosia theclata=E. adjutaria (females of Dirades tinotata) • the sexes of the same general shapes and colours ; male vinous brown : primaries with blackish costa ; a semi- circular black spot beyond the middle of inner margin ; an oblique subapical blackish dash and an interrupted pale-edged black submarginal line j apex black on the fringe : secon- daries with the basi-internal half bounded externally by a whitish line, which is elbowed just before it reaches the abdo- minal margin ; the inferior half of the basal area bounded by a black line, its anterior half also being bright copper- red and its posterior half grey ; abdominal fold white ; fringe from apex to second caudate angle black. The female is greyer than the male, and, owing to the greater width of the secon- daries, the angle of the line bounding the basal area is formed in the middle of the wing • the red longitudinal band from the base is darker and duller, and the whole of the remainder of the wing is grey, with the exception of a black-edged spot on basi-internal half : body greyish brown, with the antennas and tegulss whitish. Under surface pale brown, the secon- daries paler than the primaries j the male of a more golden brown than the female. Expanse of wings, $ 18 millim., ? 20 millim. Alu. Hypenidae. 6. Ilypena iridis, sp. n. Primaries above brown, the basal two thirds shot with lilac in certain lights, bounded externally by a black transverse line (on the inner side of which the shot-colouring is wanting so as to leave a band of the ground-colour) edged externally with snow-white, immediately following which is a diffused band of lilacine scales j a marginal series of whitish and black dots 5 fringe whity brown, tipped with dark grey and with two central wavy * dark grey lines : secondaries grey-brown, with a darker marginal line ; fringe whiter than in primaries ; costal border whitish : body brown. Under surface sericeous greyish brown ; wings with a black marginal line j fringes as above. Expanse of wings 30 millim. Nearest to H> iconicalis from Ceylon, Java, &c., with similar palpi. from the Solomon Islands. 436 7. Hypena sylpha, sp. n. Allied to H. molpusalis, from Ceylon (=H. sparsatisj from Java) ; smaller and more slender, with differently formed cen- tral band across primaries : these wings are lilacine grey, crossed near the base by an ill-defined black line ; a partly black-edged cuneiform brown patch from cell to inner margin, where it unites with a brown band running across the middle of the wing ; this band is edged externally by a black and whitish feebly biangulated stripe ; discoidal spots blackish, the reniform spot having a pale centre ; three or four whitish crescents in an oblique series beyond the cell and a discal series, parallel to the outer margin, of blackish spots bounded externally by whitish crescents ; a marginal series of blackish crescents bounded internally by whitish dots : secondaries greyish, with blackish marginal line ; fringe whitish, spotted from apex to beyond the middle with white-centred black spots : body above greyish, darker in front. Under surface sericeous greyish j wings with a black marginal line ; fringe blackish, with interrupted slender basal white line. Expanse of wings 21 millim. Alu. The delicate palpi of this species and H. molpusalis seem to me to indicate a generic distinction between this species and the preceding one ; but, until the whole genus Hypena can be thoroughly revised, it is of no use to attempt to sepa- rate isolated species. Distinctive characters which, at first sight, appear to be trustworthy may prove to graduate one into another. Hennini.id.8B. 8. Epizeuxis minima^ sp. n. Bone-whitish, irregularly transversely banded, but especi- ally beyond the middle, with rufous-brown ; the basal two thirds of primaries being almost clear in the type, interrupted chiefly by indications of a slightly zigzag central band, the outer edge of which is marked by a whitish line bounded towards costa by a blackish dash ; costa black-spotted ; a conspicuous black spot just below the middle of the disk, and three blackish spots connected by brownish ring-spots on outer margin ; fringe ochraceous, the outer half paler, tipped with grey, the inner half varied with rufous- brown : secondaries with two black dots on an ill-defined rufous spot in the cell ; a marginal chain-like border of brown ring-spots as in prima- ries ; fringe also similar to that of those wings : body whitish, palpi tipped and banded with blackish. Under surface shin- 437 Mr. A. G. Butler on new Moths ing white, with the outer half of the wings transversely striped and clouded with grey ; fringes ochreous, tipped with grey and traversed by a line of the same colour. Expanse of wings 18 raillim. Alu. 9. Aginna notata, sp. n. ? . Pale flesh-coloured or whity brown suffused with pink ; a slightly browner diffused border to all the wings : prima- ries with a minute black dot at the end of the cell, a few black scales sprinkled transversely across the disk, termi- nating in a well-marked blackish spot near external angle ; a marginal series of black dots : secondaries with whitish costal area ; a grey spot at end of cell ; an indication of four dots, in blackish scales, crossing the median branches obliquely at about one third the distance from the cell to the outer margin and three more, the third better defined, at two thirds ; a sub- marginal grey streak near anal angle. Under surface of wings with a conspicuous black dot at the end of each cell, and an imperfect transverse discal series of unequal, more or less defined grey or blackish spots. Palpi and legs brownish ex- ternally. Expanse of wings 50 millim. Alu. 10. Aginna erebina, sp. n. $ . Smoky brown : primaries faintly tinted with lilacine on basal half; two widely divergent dentate-sinuate black lines, the first across the basal fourth, the second across the external two fifths, and between them a black imperfect reni- form spot in outline ; a straight, slightly oblique yellowish line across the disk ; a marginal series of conical black spots ; fringe traversed externally by a pale grey line : secondaries with a dusky spot at end of cell followed by an oblique dusky stiipe ; a slightly sinuous yellow stripe across the disk, bent upwards near anal angle ; marginal spots and fringe as in primaries : palpi pale ochreous ; abdomen greyish, with nar- row whitish edges to the segments. Under surface very dark, smoky brown ; wings with conspicuous black spots at the extremities of the discoidal cells, an arched or bent blackish stripe beyond the middle, and a somewhat dentated pale-bor- dered discal blackish stripe ; marginal spots and fringes as above : legs clothed with dense masses of black-brown ap- pressed hairs. Expanse of wings 46 millim. Alu. Though coloured like a Herminia the structure of the an- tennae, palpi, and legs proves it to be a true Aginna. from the Solomon Islands. 438 11. Bocana stellaris, sp. n. Allied to B. cesopusalis (of which Diomea bryophiloides is a distorted specimen) : primaries sericeous grey-brown, bronzy in certain lights, crossed at about basal fourth by a crinkled black line ; reniform spot white with black edges ; an arched denticulated white-edged blackish line beyond the middle ; a zigzag series of more or less connected white spots and cres- cents near outer margin, and a marginal series of triangular jet-black spots, relieved on the fringe by a series of subconflu- ent white spots : secondaries paler and greyer than primaries, with a white-bordered angular grey line beyond the middle, and a second, abbreviated, towards anal angle ; a slender black marginal line followed by a white line at the base of the fringe : thorax slightly ochreous, brown ; abdomen grey, with two or three white dorsal spots. Under surface brownish grey, with a faint lilacine tint in certain lights j all the wings with a black-edged white spot at end of cell, and two more or less irregular black discal lines, the outer one interrupted, more or less separated into distinct spots and white-edged exter- nally ; a slender black marginal line, followed by a slender white line at the base of the fringe : body below golden brown. Expanse of wings 24 millim. Alu. 12. Egnasia cenea, sp. n. Primaries whity brown, with brassy reflexions; costal border blackish at base ; orbicular spot small, black ; reniform spot large, Q -shaped, black ; two black dots towards base of interno-median area; a longitudinal white streak, interrupted by the ordinary black spots, through the discoidal cell ; an irregu- larly sinuous white discal band, bounded on both sides by a series of subconfluent black spots ; external border suffused with smoky brown : secondaries of male white, with a sub- quadrate basi-internal blackish patch, a black discocellular spot, a black discal line, its central third arched outwards, and a tolerably broad external brown border following the discal line so as to leave a band of white between ; secon- daries of female either as in the male or with the basal area as far as the discal line brown : face, vertex of head, and mesothorax brown, remainder of body white ; terminal joint of palpi and antennae yellow. Under surface whitish varied with testaceous, the latter colouring replacing the brown of the upper surface; black markings ill defined; the whole surface of the wings sericeous, with brassy reflexions. Ex- panse of wings 18-26 millim. Alu. 439 On new Moths from the Solomon Islands. Allied to " Hypenodes " jucundalis of Snellen (Tijd. voor Ent, 1886, pi. v. fig. 10) ; but I do not see how it differs from Egnasia, and it certainly has little in common with Hypenodes. 13. Ballatha elegans, sp. n. Allied to B. atrotumens * : primaries above pearl-grey, suffused towards base and on costal area towards apex with brownish ; a broad oblique white belt from costa before the middle to the external angle, whence it curves upwards to apical third of outer margin, whence to apex it becomes very narrow and obscure ; the projecting patch of scales just be- yond the middle of inner margin elliptical, blue-grey and black spangled with silver ; a few scattered silver scales on basal area and others indicating the ordinary position of the discoidal spots, a few bounding a brownish costal patch im- mediately beyond the white belt j a silver stripe forming the inner boundary of the brownish apical patch ; a brighter silver lunulated marginal stripe j fringe grey j subapical ocellus large, oval, black, with linear yellowish pupil and iris of the same colour ; a small black apical spot : secondaries clear, soft, golden ochreous, paler on the costa and fringe ; a diffused grey apical patch : head and collar testaceous, with micaceous shining scales on the face and vertex of head ; tegulae slightly greyer with similar scaling ; thorax grey ; antennae whity brown ; palpi ochreous ; abdomen pale, soft, ochreous. Under surface bright clear ochreous, the body whitish, the legs tinted above with ochreous ; primaries with an oblique, abbreviated, broad, dark grey band on the disk. Expanse of wings 40 millim. Alu. This is by far the most beautiful species of this singular genus hitherto described. [from the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATUBAL HISTORY for September 1887.] Description of a new Genus of Chakosiid Moths allied to Pedoptila. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. IN the ' Annals ' for 1885, vol. xv. pp. 340-342, I described a remarkable new genus of moths allied to Himantopterus • the type was from Cape Coast and in the collection of Mr. F. Swanzy, who has since presented it to the Trustees of the British Museum. A second genus from Zanzibar was described by Herr Rogenhofer, of Vienna, under the name of Doratopteryx, in the l Sitzungsberichten der k.-k. zoolog.-botan. Gesellschaft in Wien ' (vol. xxxiii.) ; and in the ' Annals ' for 1885, vol. xvi., I have compared the characters of the two genera Pedoptila and Doratopteryx, pointing out in what respects they differ both in structure and aspect. Whilst recently looking over some Lepidoptera brought to me for examination by Mr. Philip Crowley, I was delighted to find a third very distinct genus of this group, nearer to Pedoptila than to anything else hitherto described, but differ- ing remarkably in neuration and in the form of the secon- daries. SEMIOPTILA, gen. nov. (cr^etov, TTT/XOV). Nearest to Pedoptila : primaries more elongated and nar- rower, the subcostal vein four-branched, an extra nervule being emitted before the end of the cell, the second and third branches forming a narrow apical furca, the fourth emitted also at some distance beyond the cell, as in the case of the third branch of Pedoptila; cell open, the termination only indicated by a darker transverse line on the surface of the wing 5 upper radial reduced to a false vein, thickest at outer margin, and passing through the cell almost to the base of the subcostal vein ; lower radial emitted as a fourth median branch, but not from the same point with the third median (as in Pedoptila) ; submedian vein much more nearly ap- proaching the first median branch at its distal extremity : secondaries elongate trigonate, apparently twisted over, so as to bring the costal margin next to the body, in which position it is naturally retained, the anal angle of the wing is thus represented by an obtusely angulated apex, and the apex by an acute anal angle ; the subcostal vein, which is forked before the apex, thus represents a two- branched median vein, whilst the median vein becomes a simple sub- costal vein * ; discoidal cell open as in the primaries : . body * Thus viewed, the three veins remain as in Pedoptila, the wing itself being altered in shape and reversed. Mr. A. G. Butler on a new Genus of Chalcosiid Moths. 181 very similar to that of the allied genera, the abdomen, how- ever, is closely but coarsely scaled. Semioptila torta, sp. n. Wings transparent, sparsely scaled, the basal half with rust- reddish or reddish-orange scales, the outer or terminal half with brown scales ; secondaries with an oval orange spot beyond the cell ; body pitchy brown, the abdomen with cupreous-brown scales ; vertex of head and collar orange : under surface pale brown, with a few orange hairs on the pectus. Expanse of wings 24 millim. Congo (coll. P. Growley]. Trans. Ercb. Soc,.Lorut.l888.Pl.lV. 7. W.Fro-ha.-wlc tULad n- 1. Species of EuchromieL. ( 109 ) III. Notes on the species of the lepidopterous genus Euchromia, with descriptions of new species in the collection of the British Museum. By ABTHUB G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. [Bead November 2nd, 1887.J PLATE IV. THE genus Euchromia contains some of the most bril- liantly coloured of all the tropical Burnet-moths ; the greater part of the species are well represented in the National Collection, and form as beautiful a group, and as worthy of public attention, as the humming-birds in the class of Aves. My attention has been at this time specially called to the genus by the receipt of a paper by Herr Kober of Dresden, in which four supposed new forms are described, only one of which I regret to say will be able to stand. In my examination of the species I have been assisted by my colleague, Mr. W. F. Kirby, who has not only sent me for my use his MS. Catalogue of the genus, but has re-examined with me all species in the collection the verification of which was in any way open to doubt. About twenty-five species have been described ; I say " about," because two forms, E. arnica and E.ganymede, are only doubtfully distinct from E. irius and E. creusa respectively. The following is a list of the species in the Museum collection. 1. Euchromia gemmata, Butler. (PL IV., fig. 1). One fine example only of this very distinct species, obtained by Mr. Woodford in the Solomon Islands. 2. Euchromia rubricollis, Walker. Aneiteum and Mallicollo. We have a series of this species collected by Mr Gervase Matthew, and nine examples have been reserved to illustrate the species. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1888. PART I. (MARCH.) 110 Mr. Butler's notes on the species of 8. Euchromia lurlina, n. s. About the size of E. isis ; general pattern of wings as in E. creusa, the primaries being black with six hyaline white spots and two or three metallic blue spots, the secondaries with two spots divided by the nervures and a blue spot between them ; the spots of the primaries differ from those of E. creusa as follows, — the pair separated by the median vein form an oblique oval ; and the pair separated by the third median branch, as well as the isolated spot above them, are elongated to twice the length and therefore more nearly approach the outer margin ; body black, the frons and margin of eyes snow-white, the shoulders and base of abdomen pale ochreous, the shoulders also opaline ; the centre of tegulse and metathorax metallic greenish blue; the second and third abdominal segments bordered behind with blue and with bright ochreous at the sides, the fourth segment broadly bordered with vermilion ; remaining segments with extremely narrow blue edge ; coxae pearly white ; body below dark brown, the fourth abdominal segment edged with ochreous. Expanse of wings, 88mm. One example of this very distinct species, from Thurs- day Island, was purchased in 1880. 4. Euchromia isis, Boisduval. Of this very pretty species we only have one speci- men, from Duke of York Island ; it was obtained by one of the collectors for the Godeffroy Museum, and was purchased in 1882. 5. Euchromia arnica, Walker. As already stated this may not be distinct from the E. irius of Boisduval, from which it chiefly differs in the size and width of the hyaline spots on the wings. Two examples, Aru (Wallace). 6. Euchromia cemulina, Butler. Allied to the preceding, though unquestionably dis- tinct ; we only possess one example, from New Guinea. the lepidopterous genus Euchromia. Ill 7. Euchromia ccelipennis, Walker. Two examples from Amboina ; it also occurs in Ceram, and has recently been described and figured by Herr Rober, under the name of Glaucopis pagen- steckeri. 8. Euchromia cenone, Butler. (PL IV., fig. 2). One of the most beautiful species in the genus ; we have a good series collected by Messrs. Woodford and Mathew in Alu, Sta Anna, Guadalcanal and Malay ta (Solomon Islands). 9. Euchromia mathewi, n. s. (PL IV., fig. 3). Allied to the preceding ; decidedly smaller, the primaries with the subbasal elongate spot and the spot above the median vein smaller ; the discal patch divided into three, instead of two large spots ; the basal patch of secondaries much wider, in the female uniting with the trifid patch beyond ; the body is more slender than in E. cenone, the shoulder spots pearly white instead of ochreous, the basal segment white at the sides, anterior coxae snow- white instead of metallic green, the metathorax with two metallic green spots placed obliquely on each side, the crimson abdominal segments completely encircling the abdomen; the black inter- vening stripes being narrower than above, but not interrupted. Expanse of wings, 36 — 41 mm. Solomon Islands : Three examples collected by Mr. Gervase Mathew. 10. Euchromia creusat Linn. This is the species figured by Cramer under the name of Sphinx irus, and by Herr Rober, under the name of Glaucopis dubia. I believe S. ihelebus to be a represen- tation of a worn example of the same species (such as we have from Ceram) ; our series consists of two examples from Ceram, three from Gilolo, one from the Celebes, one from the Pelew Islands, and one from the N.E. coast of Australia. Var. ? Euchromia ganymede, Doubleday. This handsome form is the commonest and most vari- able of the group ; it differs from typical E. creusa princi- pally in the much greater size of the hyaline spots on its wings ; the outer spots of the primaries vary from three 112 Mr. Butler's notes on the species of to four and occasionally five, the anterior coxae are either snow-white or metallic green (in specimens from the same island) ; the basal segment of the abdomen is either wholly green, or has the centre black, or has the sides opaline whitish and the centre brownish orange ; grades between these variations also occur, proving that they have, in this species, no specific value ; the black bands across the carmine also vary in width. We have a series of twenty-one examples in the collection from Australia, Ke Island, the New Hebrides, Lizard Island, Treasury Island, Pentecost, Guadalcanar, Alu and Malayta, of the Solomon group. To this section of the genus belongs the Glaucopis paula of Eober, from East Celebes, a small species apparently allied to E. ccelipennis, but unknown to me. It is possible that E. cincta, of Montrouzier, may also come into this section, but the secondaries are described as having four yellow spots upon them, an entirely new feature among the hyaline winged species. The following are species in which the primaries and nearly the whole or sometimes the whole of the second- aries are opaque. 11. Euchromia lethe, Fabricius. This is the Sphinx eumolphus of Cramer, and was con- founded by Walker with the following very distinct species under the name of E. sperchius ; it is a common S. African species, and we have it from Natal, the Cape, and Madagascar. 12. Euchromia fulvida, n. s. (PI. IV., fig. 5). The West African representative of the preceding, and equally common ; it differs in having the pale patches on the wings deep fulvous instead of sulphur-yellow ; the metallic markings less blue, and the fifth segment of the abdomen pearly greenish-white instead of metallic green like the posterior segments ; the anterior coxae metallic green instead of pure white. Expanse of wings, 45 — 54 mm. Thirteen examples, from the Congo, Angola, Sierra Leone, &c., are in the Museum series. the Icpidopterous genus Euchromia. 13. Euchromia splendens, n. s. (PL IV., fig. 4). Differs from the preceding in the blacker colouring of the wings, he absence of the metallic spots between the deep fulvous patches on primaries, the much less distinctly separated fulvous patches on the secondaries, the total absence of all orange or red colouring from the thorax ; this part of the body is jet black, the head, sides of collar, tegulse (excepting the fringes) and a dorsal longitudinal stripe brilliant greenish blue ; the basal abdominal segment is more orange and the fourth segment of a deeper red than in E. fulvida, and all the other segments are brilliant metallic greenish blue, the second and third segments edged with black. Expanse of wings, 49 — 53 mm. Old Calabar to Camaroons. 14. Euchromia africana, Butler. A common African species intermediate to some extent between E. splendens and E. madagascariensis, the secondaries being like those of the former, the primaries and body more nearly resembling the latter species : we have seven examples from Natal, Zululand and Delagoa Bay. 15. Euchromia madagascariensis, Boisduval. Two specimens from Madagascar. The E. amcena of Moeschler, said to have come from Silhet, seems nearly allied to this species. Is it positively certain that the locality is correct? Surely it would 'be in Mr. Moore's vast Indian collection. 16. Euchromia leonis, Butler. The body of this species resembles that of E. splen- dens, the wings, however, are wholly different. We have three specimens from Sierra Leone. 17. Euchromia sperchius, Cramer. This is the E. inter stans of Walker, represented by two examples from Ashanti. 18. Euchromia horsfieldii, Moore. cimens, collected by Dr. Horsfield Museum series. TKANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1888. PART I. (MARCH.) I Five specimens, collected by Dr. Horsfield in Japan, are in the Museum series. 114 Mr. Butler's notes on the species of 19. Euchromia formosana, n. s. (PI. IV., fig. 7). Pattern of primaries nearly as in E. Tiorsfieldii ; the orange patches wider ; the interne -median patch partly divided before the middle by two black dots placed obliquely ; secondaries nearly as n E. polymena, but the basal patch smaller ; body as in E. orien- tails, the fourth to sixth segments being carmine-red. Expanse of wings, 48 mm. Formosa (Hobson). 20. Euchromia fraterna, Butler. A species occurring in Moulmein, of which, at present, we have only one example, but which (judging by the constancy of its allies) is almost certain to be a fixed type ; Herr Kober, however, says that he agrees with Herr Snellen in regarding this and E. celebensis as " insignificant aberrations, unworthy of names;" after which he proceeds at once to give one of them a new name himself. 21. Euchromia orientalis, Butler. .(PL IV., fig. 6). The common Burmese representative of E. polymena : the type unfortunately was labelled " N. India" — doubt- less an error, as the species has since come in some numbers from Burmah ; though, unhappily, many of them were so much injured as to be unfit to put into the collection. 22. Euchromia polymena, Linneus. We have eight examples, from India and Ceylon. 23. Euchromia celebensis, Butler. Four specimens from the Celebes : this is the Glau- copis butleri of Kober ; he says that it differs from E. celebensis, in having the " lower radial of the prima- ries broadly bordered with black" — a slightly variable but constant character of E. celebensis. 24. Euchromia lama, Butler. (PL IV., fig. 8). Although we only have one example of this species, and with the vague locality "E. India," it is so well- marked that its distinctness can be considered certain. the lepidopterous genus Euchromia. 115 25. Euchromia siamensis, Butler. One example only, from Siam. In one of his ' Kevisions of Australian Lepidoptera,' Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W-, 2nd ser., vol. i. p. 787 (1886), Mr. Meyrick describes what he regards as Euchromia polymena from North Australia. Judging by his descrip- tion of the markings of the primaries, I have no hesita- tion in pronouncing it to be perfectly distinct from the Indian species. As, however, I have not seen the broken specimen from which Mr. Meyrick penned his description, I leave it to him to give it a distinctive name : it probably should stand near the following. 26. Euchromia semiluna, Walker. A very distinct species founded upon a single example, the habitat of which is unknown. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. FIG. 1. Euchromia gemmata. 2. cenone. mathewi. fulvida. orient alls, formosana. I aura. i 2 1888.] ON NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM KILIMA-NJARO. 91 Descriptions of some new Lepidoptera from Kilima-njaro. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S, &c. Examples of some of the species here described were collected by the late Bishop Hannington and of others by Mr. F. J. Jackson ; in not a few cases specimens of the same species were obtained by both gentlemen. RHOPALOCERA. NYMPHALID.E. EUPLOCIN.E. 1. AMAURIS HANNINGTONI, sp. n. Primaries black, with pure white markings as in A. egialea, excepting that all the larger spots are reduced one third in size ; secondaries dark brown, with a sharply defined oblong belt united by a short band to costa, from the abdominal margin to a little above the cell, sordid white ; seven submarginal white spots, the relative sizes of which, reckoning from costa, are 4, 6, 5, 1, 2, 7, 3 ; two or three white dots nearer to the margin ; under surface only differing from the upper surface as in the allied A. egialea and A. hyalites. Expanse of wings 81 millim. Two males ; Hills of Terta in April (Hannington). ACILETN.E. The female of Acrcea (Planema) johnstoni of Grodman was in the same collection and is evidently modified in imitation of the foregoing Amauris ; it is black, with four white spots arranged obliquely in pairs and a dull white or yellowish belt across the secondaries as in the male ; the receipt of this female is most inter- esting, as it is a clue to the position of the species, which is clearly seen to be allied to A. (P.) lycoa from the west coast ; one example was received from the Hills of Terta, another between 3000-8000 feet on the slopes of Kilima-njaro in March. 2. PLANEMA MONTANA, sp. n. cT . Allied to P. aganice, but differing in the bright orange-fulvous colour of the bands and in the greater width of the angulated band of primaries. Expanse of wings 68 millim. Slopes of Kiiima-njaro, 3000-5000 feet, in March {Hannington). NYMPHALINJE. 3. EURYPHENE VIOLACEA, Sp. n. cJ $ . Allied to E. neophron of Hopffer (a common Zanzibar species), but differing in the purple instead of greenish-blue colora- tion of the upper surface, the narrower and duller orange-ochreous belt across the black apical half of primaries, and the more prominent 92 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON NEW [Feb. 7, longer apical ochreous patch ; on the under surface the ground- colour is suffused with yellow instead of with lilac, and the white markings are washed uith yellowish ; a distinctly dull yellow patch replacing the white spot at apex of primaries. Expanse of wings tf 70 millim. ; $ 87 millim. Slopes of Kilima-njaro, 3000-5000 feet, in March (Hannington). This appears to be a fairly common species, it was also obtained by Mr. Jackson; but, unfortunately, his specimens were all more or less damaged by some larger insects, which got loose in the box and broke them on the way home. Amongst other Nymphalince, Mr. Jackson obtained Eurytela dryope and E. ophione and a Neptis allied to N. melicerte (two specimens of which from Zanzibar stand in the Hewitson collection along with the latter species). 4. NEPTIS GOOCHII, Trimen, var. Nearly allied to N. melicerte, but the white discoidal patch of primaries reduced to a small spot near the end of the cell ; the large discal spots wider, those of the upper patch placed less obliquely and therefore more compactly together; the belt of secondaries broader and with more convex inner edge ; on the under surface the dis- coidal spot is large and fills the cell, but the other differences hold good. Expanse of wings 44 millim. Kilima-njaro (F. J. Jackson). The specimens from Zanzibar are smaller and the discoidal spot is a little larger than in the type ; they represent the common form of the species. PAPILIONIDJE. Mr. Jackson obtained no less than eleven species cf Teracolus, and Bishop Hannington two others, viz: — Teracolus mutans. In the forests of Tiveta {Hannington). - aurigineus. In the forests of Tiveta {Hannington and Jackson). -- veuustus, sp. n. Kilima-njaro (Jackson). - chrysonome, $ $ . Kilima-njaro (Hannington) - Calais, J $ . Kilima-njaro (Jackson). - leo, <5 $ . Forests of Tiveta (Hannington and Jackson). miles, c? $ . Slopes of Kilima-njaro (Hannington and Jackson). pseudacaste, c? . Slopes of Kilima-njaro (Jackson). citreus, <3 ? • Slopes of Kilima-njaro (Jackson). incretus, tf $ . Forests of Tiveta (Hannington and Jackson). antevippe, <5 . Kilima-njaro (Jackson). omphaloides. Kilima-njaro (Jackson). — comptus, sp. n. Kilima-njaro (Jackson). In my monograph of Teracolus (P; Z; S. 1876), I placed T. leo as synonymous with T. halimede of Klug ; my type was a faded and [2] 1H88.] LEPIDOPTKRA FROM KILIM A-NJARO. 93 somewhat worn male, received from the White Nile ; the fresh specimens now in the collection prove me to have been wrong in doing so, the characters which distinguish the two forms being well marked and constant. In T. leo the saffron-yellow of the primaries extends only from the inner margin upwards to the first median branch, whereas in T. halimede it spreads to above the third branch ; all the black markings are smaller and much more prominent in T. leo, but the female has a blackish bar across the cell of primaries, limiting the grey basal area ; this sex also has the apex of primaries and the whole ground-colour of secondaries of a sandy-buff hue, the latter wings having a conspicuous white spot at the end of the cell and an unevenly arched series of brown spots across the disc ; some females have no saffron-yellow on the upper surface. The feir:ale of T. miles proves to be a black-and-white form, not unlike the white female of T. pseudacaste, but with less black above, the veins at apex of primaries below not blackened, and the second- aries buff instead of white ; there is, however, a red-tipped female which, I think, belongs to the same species and which has the apex of primaries and ground-colour of the secondaries below sulphur- yellow. The female of T, citreus from Kilima-njaro is, on the upper- side, very like that sex of T. topha, but the black markings are reduced and more sharply defined ; below it more nearly resemb'es T. xanthevarne $ , the secondaries white with pale yellowish-brown markings and olive and black mottling as in T. eucharis $ , but with a conspicuous brown-edged white discocellular spot. The synonymy of T. incretus will, as I suspected, stand as follows : — TKRACOLUS INCRETUS. $ . Teracolus incretus, Butler, Eut. Month. Mag. xviii. p. 146 (1881). d . Callosune vulnerata, Staudinger, Exot. Schmett. pi. 23. fig. 21 (1884). Both sexes of this, the largest species of the T. evarne group, were obtained both by Bishop Hannington arid Mr. Jackson ; so that there is now no doubt of the correctness of my expressed opinion that C. vulnerata would prove to be the male of my species ; the figure by Staudinger is poor, the colouring of the secondaries being exaggerated and the black bordering of the primaries incorrectly drawn, still it is fcs good as the majority of the illustrations in this book, which (whatever its faults may be) has the merit of being cheap. As with other species of the T. evarne group, a white form of the female is by no means uncommon ; it is a little smaller than the yellow female and, excepting in its superior size and in the details of marking on the under surface, greatly resembles that sex of T. topha. ' The male, on the under surface, is extremely variable ; indeed no two specimens are alike; the following may be noted: — a. Secondaries below whitish sulphur, excepting at the borders, which are pure sulphur-yellow ; a minute duskv costal spot, dark pi 94 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON NEW [Feb. 7, brown discocellular spot with white pupil, and six minute black marginal dots between the veins. b. Secondaries below sulphur-yellow throughout, two additional brown spots, on the interno-median and second median interspaces. <% Secondaries below flesh-pink with yellowish margins, the whole surface mottled with indistinct olive spots, a dusky longi- tudinal streak through the cell ; other markings as in var. a, but less distinct. d. Secondaries inclining to ferruginous excepting towards apex, where the ground-tint is yellow, a yellowish streak above a black- mottled dusky longitudinal streak through the cell ; the whole remaining surface mottled with olive and black ; other markings as in var. b, but larger. In addition to the above modifications, the black border on the upper surface of the primaries varies both in width and length ; but its inner edge is always more or less dentate-sinuated. 5. TEEACOLUS VENUSTUS, sp. n. p. 705 (1865). Spcdotis inconstans, Butler, Cist. Ent., ii., p. 545 (1880). New Zealand. We now possess nine examples of this species, and I find it impossible to separate the above, which varies not a little. 18. Agrotis insignata. Agrotis insignata, Walker, Lep. Het., x., p. 330, n. 53 (1856). A. tritici (part), Guenee, Noct., i.,p. 288, n. 471 (1852). Mamestra declarata, Walker, Lep. Het., Suppl., 2, p. 663 (1865). Agrotis campestris, Grote (vide Check List, p. 25, n. 215). A common N. American species allied to A. tritici. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1889. PART III. (OCT.J 2 D 380 Mr. A. G. Butler's synonymic notes on the 19. Agrotis diver gens. Agrotis divergens, Walker, Lep. Het., x., p. 327, n. 46 (1856). Agrotis versipellis of Grote is indistinguishable from this species. 20. Agrotis spina. Agrotis spina, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 269, n. 433 (1856). A. capularis, Guenee, I.e., p. 271, n. 437. Mamestra tenebrosa, Walker, Lep. Het., Suppl., 2, p. 669 (1865). A common Australian species. The genus Pachnobia appears to me to be a mere group of Agrotis ; I restrict it to P. carnea, rubricosa, imperita, geniculata, and salicarum. PEEIDROMA, Hiibn. Differs from Agrotis in the finely ciliated (neither pectinated nor serrated) antennae of the males. Type, P. saucia (ypsilon, Eott.). Peridroma ypsilon, Bott. Noctua saucia, Hiibner, Samml. Europ. Schmett., fig. 378. Agrotis differens, Walker, Lep. Het., x., p. 336, n. 67 (1856). A. ambrosioides (Morrison), Walker, Lep. Het., xi., p. 738 (1857). Var. Spcelotis stictica, Blanchard, in Gay's * Fauna Chilena,' vii., p. 73, n. 1 ; pi. 6, fig. 8 (1854). Var. Agrotis impacta, Walker, Lep. Het., x., p. 337, n. 71 (1856). A. intecta, Walker, I. c., p. 338, n. 72. An example in the Grote collection corresponding with the variety A. impacta is labelled " Agrotis turris " ; the variety A. stictica is the most extreme variegated form of the species. TIRACOLA, Moore. A strong-bodied Sphingiform genus, the males of which have simple antennae. moths of the earlier genera of Noctuites. 381 Tiracola plagiata. Agrotis plagiata, Walker, Lep. Het., xi., p. 740 (1857). A. plagifera, Walker, 1. c., p. 741. Var. Agrotis spectabilis, Walker, 1. c., Suppl., 2, p. 704 (1865). Java, Borneo, Ceylon, Canara, Darjiling, and Moreton Bay. The Canara specimens are labelled " sphingiformis," apparently a MS. name proposed by Adam White ; the variety from Moreton Bay is simply a dark-coloured example. Mr. Druce has the same variety from Mexico and Kio Janeiro. The genus Spcelotis (type S. ravida) consists of a few oblong- winged species, the males of which have simple antennae ; I think it doubtful whether this group should be kept separate from the Noctua of authors, which it greatly resembles. SP^LOTIS, Boisd. Spcelotis ravida, Schiff. Noctua clandestina, Harris, Ins. inj. veg., 3rd ed., p. 448 (1862) ; 1st ed. (1841). Mamestra unicolor, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 233 (1856). Graphiphora valida, Walker, I. c., Suppl., 3, p. 711 (1865). G. caliginea, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist., 5, vol. i., p. 165 (1878). A somewhat variable common and widely-distributed species ; the European examples are, as a rule, smaller than those from other parts of the world. In the Grote collection I found a female of this species labelled as "A. pastoraUs, Grote." Most of the species hitherto placed in Spcelotis will have to be removed to Chera. CHERA, Hilbn. Chera birivia, Hub. I cannot distinguish the Agrotis dolis of Grote from this species. 382 Mr. A. G. Butler's synonymic notes on the GRAPHIPHORA, Ochs. This genus, of which G. augur is type, must be restricted to a small group of broad- winged species ; it will include G. sierrce, augur, haruspica, and major. G. haruspica, though very closely allied to G. augur, differs in being constantly much darker and usually larger. AMATHES, Hiibn. (NOCTUA, auct.). The type of this genus is A. baja; Spcelotis, Boisd., may have to be sunk as a synonym of it. AMATHES, Hiibn. 1. Amaihes phyllophora, Grote. Agrotis phyllophora, variata, varix, and alternata are all colour variations of one species ; under A. phyllophora there are specimens indistinguishable, even in colour, from others labelled "A. alternata" by Grote, whilst all intermediate gradations exist between the reddest A. phyllophora and the blackest A. alternata. 2. Amathes jucunda, Walk. Graphiphora jucunda, Walker, Lep. Het., x., p. 399, n. 27 (1856). This is the Agrotis conflua of Grote's collection, but not of Europe. 3. Amathes comma. Mamestra comma, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 239, n. 40 (1856). Graphiphora implexa, Walker, I. c., x., p. 405, n. 42 .(1856). Hadena plusiata, Walker, I. c., SuppL, 3, p. 742 (1865). Xylina collaris, Walker, 1. c., p. 752. Nitocris bicomma, Guenee, Ent. Month. Mag., v., p. 4 (1868). A common New Zealand form, the sexes of which are very dissimilar. 4. Amathes atra. $ Agrotis atra, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 272, n. 438 (1852). $ A. hydraecioides, Guenee, I. c. moths of the earlier genera of Noctuites. 383 Graphiphora reclusa, Walker, Lep. Het., x., p. 403 (1856). G. instipata, part Walker, 1. c., p. 404. ? var. Agrotis testaceicollis , Guenee, Noct., i., p. 273 (1852). Mamestra lucifera, Walker, Lep. Het., Suppl., 2, p. 668 (1865). The Australian representative of the preceding species. 5. Amathes instipata. Graphiphora instipata, Walker, Lep. Het., x., p. 404, n. 40 (1856). Hadena congregata, Walker, 1. c., xi., p. 598, n. 94 (1857). Orthosia ? lunifera, Walker, I.e., p. 747. An Australian species allied to the preceding. 6. Amathes velata. Graphiphora velata, Walker, Lep. Het., Suppl., 3, p. 710 (1865). Agrotis cupida of Grote is this species; A. Irunnei- pennis is a brownish variety, and A. placida a variety of the female, in which the hind wings are dark brown. 7. Amathes parentalis. Agrotis parentalis, Grote, is a species nearly allied to A. cuprea of Europe, of which A. decipiens is probably only a dark variety ; we have one pale example of A. cuprea from Washington Territory. 8. Amathes bicarnea. Noctua bicarneat Guenee, Noct., i., p. 329, n. 546 (1856). Mamestra plagiata, Walker, Lep. Het., Suppl., 2, p. 664 (1865). A common North American species. OCHBOPLEURA, Hiiln. This is a mere section of the precediDg genus, in which the secondaries are shining white. 384 Mr. A. G. Butler's synonymic notes on the Ochropleura plecta. Phaltena-Noctua plecta, Linneus, Syst. Nat., p. 2851, n. 157. Ochropleura vicaria, Walker, Lep. Het., x., p. 409, n. 7 (1856). 0. costalis, Moore, P.Z.S., 1867, p. 56. I can discover no difference whatever between European, African, North American, Japanese, or Indian examples of this species. ANYTUS, Grote. This genus seems to me much more like Pharetra (which I refer to the Arctiidte) than to the Noctuidce, but for the present I have left it where Grote placed it. Anytus privatus. Polia privata, Walker, Lep. Het., xi., p. 521, n. 19 (1857). This is the Xylina sculpta of Grote from N. America. EUCOPTOCNEMIS, Grote. A small genus of broad-winged species with deeply pectinated male antennae. Eucoptocnemis fimbriaris. Heliophobus fimbriaris, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 172, n. 271 (1852). Graphiphora obvia, Walker, Lep. Het., xv., p. 1707 (1858). N. America. TETEAPYRGIA, Walk. Tetrapyrgia graphiphorides. Tetrapyrgiagraphiphorides, Walker, Lep. Het., Suppl., 3, p. 712 (1865). Elegarda summa, Walker, 1. c., p. 713. Tasmania. The first type is a worn example. The antennae of males in this genus are extremely long, tapering, and pectinated strongly to near the tips, which are naked. moths of the earlier genera of Noctuites. 385 Tetrapyrgia pectinata. Spcelotis pectinata, Walker, Lep. Het., Suppl., 8, p. 707 (1865). Elegarda orthosioides, Walker, 1. c., p. 712. Moreton Bay. A rather variable species. SEMIOPHORA, Steph. Very similar to Amathes (Graphiphora, auct.), but the males with antennae strongly pectinated, as in the genus Eucoptocnemis ; several of the species hitherto referred to Agrotis, Graphiphora, and Tceniocampa belong rightly to this genus. Semiophora elimata. Graphiphora elimata, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 333, n. 556 (1852). The Agrotis dilucida of Morrison is indistinguishable from this species. MAMESTKA, Ochs. The bulk of the species hitherto referred to Apamea and Hadena are structurally identical with Mamestra ; the same pattern also runs through the species.* 1. Mamestra dissimilis, Enoch. I cannot distinguish the M . atlantica of Grote from this species. 2. Mamestra thalassina, Hiifn. M. nevadce of Grote is this species. 3. Mamestra cristifeva. Acronycta cristifera, Walker, Lep. Het., xv., p. 1654 (1858). This is the Mamestra lubens of Grote. * The lashed or smooth eyes of species otherwise closely allied do not in my opinion constitute a safe generic character. 386 Mr. A. G. Butler's synonymic notes on the 4. Mamestra gemina var. remissa. Noctua remissa, Hiibner, Schmett. Eur. Noct., pi. 90, fig. 423. Xylophasia indocilis, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 178, n. 19 (1856). N. America. 5. Mamestra modica. Apamea modica, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 207, n. 327 (1856). Celcena subcedens, Walker, Lep. Het., x., p. 204, n. 11 (1856). New York. 6. Mamestra instructa. £ Hadena instructa, Walker, Lep. Het., Suppl., 3, p. 733 (1865). $ H. rubescens, Walker, I. c. Cape (Trimen). 7. Mamestra egens. Celcena egens, Walker, Lep. Het., x., p. 263, n. 10 (1856). Hadena ? stricta, Walker, Lep. Het., Suppl., 3, p. 728 (1865). This is the Mamestra cinnabarina, var. ferrea, of Grote, which it will supersede. 8. Mamestra consanguis. Hadena consanguis, Guenee, Noct., ii., p. 97, n. 810 (1852). Apamea undicilia, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 251, n. 18 (1856). A common Indian species. 9. Mamestra renisigna. Celcena renisigna, Walker, Lep. Het., x., p. 267, n. 20 (1856). Hadena depulsa, Walker, I. c., xi., p. 590, n. 75 (1857). H.fidta, Walker, I.e., Suppl., 3, p. 734 (1865). H. contracta, Walker, 1. c., p. 735. Cape of Good Hope. moths of the earlier genera of Noctuites. 387 10. Mamestra thoracica. $ Mamestra thoradcat Walker, Lep. Het., xv., p. 1684 (1858). $ Hadena languida, Walker, 1. c., p. 1728. Natal (Gueinzius). As I continue the arrangement of the general collection of Noctuites, it is certain that numerous other synonyms will be discovered. As regards tropical New World forms, it is certain that I shall overlook many, from lack of sufficient material ; but probably most of these will be cleared up by Mr. Druce, whose series of Central and South American moths is so ample that in some variable genera the most astonishingly dissimilar forms are clearly seen to be mere sports. [From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY for July 1890.] Notes on the Genus Dyschorista, Led., a small Group of Moths allied to Orthosia. By A. G. BUTLER. THE genus Dyschorista was founded for the reception of tw European species, D. suspecta ^ Hiibn., and D. ypsilon=fissi puncta, Hew. (see Lederer, Noct. p. 143, gen. 82). Accepting D. suspecta as type of the genus, it will be neces- sary to include the bulk of the forms referred by M. Guenee to his previously characterized genus Orthodes. Orthodes, Gue'nee, was described in the first volume of the ' Noctuelites,' p. 371, no type being indicated ; but Guene"e selected two of the species, 0. t-mgrum and 0. curvirena (both Brazilian), for illustration. In the description of the species of his second group Guene'e pointed out that 0. cur- virena differed structurally from the remainder of the genus : — "L'une d'elles (Curvirena) a les palpes particulierement ascendants et allonges." He thus restricted the identification of his type to 0. t-nigrumj the first species of his first group. In the Museum collection we have an example of 0. t-ni- grumj and, as may be seen from the figure in the l Noc- tuelites,' it has no connexion whatever with the remainder of the species, but is in fact far more closely allied to Leucania; fortunately the remaining species correspond with Z). suspecta in size, pattern, coloration, the ascending palpi, simple an- tennae, and heavily tufted anal decorations of the male. In his < Check-list of North-American Moths ' for 1882 Grote rightly reduced the number of M. Guenee's North- American species, Orthodes nimia and candens being sunk as 97 On the Genus Dyschorista, Led. synonyms of 0. cynica, of which they are in fact slight varieties ; 0. infirma, however, is a Brazilian species, and must be expunged from the North- American fauna, the form described by M. Guene*e as var. A being, as he supposed, a distinct species. In typical 0. infirma the secondaries of the male are creamy white — u Ailes infer, d'un blanc-jaun&tre " — whereas in the northern form they are of the same glossy brownish grey as in the female. In the Brazilian insect the inner line of the central area of primaries is more oblique and much more irregular and the outer line more distinctly sinuated between the nervures j both of these lines and the edges of the dis- coidal spots which they enclose are much less prominent than in the northern form ; but, as M. Gue'ne'e says, the subter- minal line is clearer, at any rate it is so in the female ; the marginal spots are very indistinct, and are thus overlooked in the original description of the Brazilian form ; but in that of var. A the pale zigzag line which shows them up in the northern form is noted : — " Un feston terminal clair tres- inarque*." I propose to give the North- American species the new designation of Dyschorista crenulata. Four closely allied Brazilian species are in the collection, all differing more or less in the clothing of the under surface of the primaries, the tufting of the anal extremity in the males, or the palpi; one of these is typical 0. infirma, a second may be 0. rubor, but the discoidal spots are bor- dered by a pale line, whereas in GueneVs type (a female) they were not • a third I am unable to recognize from any of the descriptions ; it is a male with closed anal claspers, giving it the aspect of a female • the costa of the primaries is distinctly arched towards the base ; the under surface of these wings almost wholly covered with dense rough hair, which extends also to the basicostal area of secondaries ; the colora- tion and general pattern is that of Dyschorista crenulata, but the " orbicular " spot is rhomboidal, the two outlines of the central area are indistinct and much more parallel, and the pale crenulated submarginal line is wanting ; the pectus and femora are also much more hairy. I propose to call this Dyschorista lanaris. The fourth species of the same group is O. curvirena — a most remarkable insect, in which the palpi are curved upwards like those of a Deltoid and the anal tufts, when fully expanded, are seen to be enormously developed. The genus seems to abound in extraordinary ornamentation ; in D. melanogaster M. Guenee says, " Abdomen noiratre en dessus, garni lateralement de poils carnes, a 1'extrdmite d'une brosse jaun&tre," which calm description hardly prepares one for the large expanded rose-coloured brushes of the moth. ( 658 ) XX. Further notes on the synonymy of the genera of Noctuites. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S'., F.Z.S., &c. [Read September 3rd, 1890.] To some of the groups already treated of, I have a few additional notes to record ; I shall therefore take them in the order in which they now stand in the Museum cabinets. CYMATOPHOBIDJL PROMETOPUS, Guen. 1. Prometopus inassueta. Prometopus inassueta, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 38, n. 42 (1852). Bryophila dorsivaria, Walk., Lep. Het., 15, p. 1648 (1858). Australia and Tasmania. M. Guenee placed this genus in his heterogeneous family Bombycoidce ; it is, however, allied to Cymato- phora. NOCTUHXE. OCHROPLEURA, Hubn. In the Grote collection I found an example of 0. plecta, which is labelled, probably in error, " Valeria grotei, Morr." It is a very remarkable thing that Ochropleuray a genus founded by one of Mr. Scudder's favourite authors, is amongst the many lepidopterous genera omitted from the ' Nomenclator Zoologicus.' MENTAXYA, Hiibn.* Eugrapha, Hiibner = Ariathisa, Walk. 1. Mentaxya amatura. Agrotis amatura, Walker, Lep. Het., 15, p. 1700 (1858). * This genus is extremely close to Anicla, Grote, which may have to be amalgamated with it. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1890. PART IV. (DEC.) 2 X 654 Mr. A. G. Butler' 8 further notes on the Port Natal. This species, in the Zeller collection, is labelled " Agrotis trisema, Z.," but I do not know whether he described it. Walker incorrectly associated two examples with two of an apparently unnamed species as A. albi- frons, Hiibn., which, however, is distinct. 21 Mentaxya rimosa. Agrotis rimosa, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 277, n. 446 (1852). A. varia, Walker, Lep. Het., SuppL, 2, p. 694 (1865). Cape of Good Hope. 3. Mentaxya muscosa. Mentaxya muscosa , Hiibner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett., 10, 414, figs. 827, 828. Diphtera cumulata, Walker, Lep. Het., SuppL, 2, p. 613 (1865). Cape Town. 4. Mentaxya furcif era. Agrotis furcifera. Walker, Lep. Het., 15, p. 1699 (1858). United States. This is A. brocha, Morrison. I do not know which name has priority. ANICLA, Grote. 1. Anicla incivis. Agrotis incivis, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 274, n. 441 (1852). United States to Brazil. This is proved, by a comparison of the type-specimens, to be A. alabama, Grote. Prodenia pauper, Butl., de- scribed from a female received from Jamaica, is only a dwarfed form of the same species. 2. Anicla ignicans. Agrotis ignicans, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 274, n. 440 (1852). A. prodenoides, Walker, Lep. Het., 10, p. 354, n. 113 (1856). S. America generally. synonymy of the genera of Xoctuites. 655 In the species of Anicla the secondaries are white, as in most of the species of Mentaxya, but they are more opaline and less thickly scaled. XYLOPHASIA, Stephens. I am unable to see any reason for ignoring this very natural group of moths, the bulk of which can be dis- tinguished at a glance by the character of their markings ; they doubtless only form a subgroup of Mamestra, so far as structure goes, but it is convenient to keep them separate. 1. Xylophasia rurea. Noctua rurea, Fabricius, Sp. Ins., ii., p. 240. Europe and United States. I can discover no characters by which to distinguish X. vultuosa, Grote, from this species. 2. Xylophasia lignicolora. Xylophasia lignicolora, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 140, n. 221 (1852). United States. X. qucenita, Grote, only differs from X. lignicolora in its slightly paler colouring, and X. auranticolor only appears to be a darker form of the same. 3. Xylophasia cariosa. $ , Xylophasia cariosa, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 144, n. 232 (1852). United States. Hadena idonea of Grote is the male of this species ; the females labelled H. cariosa in the Grote collection do not agree with Guenee's type, and, in my opinion, represent a distinct and altogether a finer species. It seems to be generally supposed, in the States, that the whole of M. Guenee's types are in the possession of M. Oberthiir. An examination of the descriptions in the three volumes of the ' Noctuelites/ or, indeed, of any of the volumes of the ' Histoire Naturelle ' (Lepidopteres) will show that nearly the whole of the N. American species were described from specimens lent to the author 2x2 656 Mr. A. G. Butler '& further notes on the by Mr. Doubleday, and many of the East Indian species from specimens in the Museum of the E. I. Company. All these types, labelled by Guenee himself, are in the British Museum collection. ALIBAMA, Moeschl. 1. Alibama punctirena. Hadena punctirena, Walker, Lep. Het., xi., p. 586, n. 64 (1857). H. terens, Walker, 1. c., n. 65 (1857). St. Domingo, Venezuela, Guadaloupe. Coll. B. M. This species appears to me to be better placed next to Dipterygia than elsewhere. AXYLIA, Hubn. 1. Axylia eridania. Phalana eridania, Cramer, Pap. Exot., iv., p. cxxxiii., fig. F (1882). Leucania externa, Walker, Lep. Het., 9, p. 114, n. 85 (1856). Prodenia strigifera, Walker, 1. c., 15, p. 1678 (1858), South America. The species regarded as the male by Cramer must bear the name. ANTACHABA, Walk. Barely separable from the preceding genus. Associated with Xylophasia by M. Guenee. 1. Antachara diminuta. Xylophasia diminuta, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 141, n. 223 (1852). Antachara rotundata, Walker, Lep. Het., 15, p. 1741, n. 1 (1858). Laphygma lignigcra, Walker, /. c , Suppl , 2, p. 650 (1865). Brazil. X. denterna of Guenee is a species of this group : we have it from Rio Janeiro, synonymy of the genera of Noctuites. 657 2. Antachara phytolacca. Phalana phytolaccce, Smith Abbot, Lep. Ins. Georgia, ii., p. 193, pi. 97. Xylina inquieta, Walker, Lep. Het., xi., p. 632, n. 22 (1857). Prodenia ignobilis, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 485. North and South America. This species varies in tint and in the prominence or the reverse of the black stigma at the end of the cell of primaries. 3. Antachara albula. Xylina albula, Walker, Lep. Het., xi., p. 629, n. 16 (1857). Laphygma orbicularis, Walker, 1. c., p. 719. St. Domingo, Honduras, Callao. Allied to the preceding, though clearly a distinct species. MORRISONIA, Grote. 1. Morrisonia ewingii. Noctua (Xylophasia ?) ewingii, Westwood, Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., ii., p. lv., pi. xx., fig. 1 (1837). Cloantha composita, Guenee, Noct., ii., p. 114, n. 832 (1852). Leucaniadentigera, Butler, Cist. Ent., ii., p. 542 (1880). Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, United States. The last-mentioned locality is based upon a specimen in the Grote collection, undoubtedly of this species, labelled (( Morrisonia per acuta, Morr." The species will probably be found to have a far wider geographical range than has been supposed : Walker made the astonishing blunder of identifying it with Drymonia dimidiata, H.-Sch. AUCHMIS, Guen. 1. Auchmis intermedia. Cloantha intermedia, Bremer, Lep. Ost.-Sibiriens, p. 53, tab. v., fig. 13 (1864). Auchmis sikkimensis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 49, pi. vi., fig. 15. India, Japan, South Africa. 658 Mr. A. G. Butler's further notes on the LEUCANIA, Ocks. 1. Leucania I- album. Phala>na-Noctua l-album, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., xii., p. 850. Leucania bistrigata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 334. L. penicillata, Moore, 1. c., p. 335. Europe and India. I have elsewhere pointed out that the slight characters on which the Indian species were based are very in- constant. With L. insueta of Guenee, Walker associated four specimens of L. adonea. 2. Leucania albilinea. Leucania albilinea, Hiibner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett., p. 25, n. 169, figs. 337, 338. L. di/usa, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 94, n. 35 (1856). L. moderata, Walker, I.e., p. 114, n. 86 (1856). Heliophila harveyi, Grote (see Check List, p. 80, n. 619). Leucania chilensis, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 115, n. 4. North and South America. 3. Leucania humidicola. Leucania humidicola, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 90, n. 137 (1852). L. extenuata, Guenee, L c., n. 138. L. dorsalis, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 98, n. 43 (1856). S. America. L. humidicola is slightly paler than L. extenuata, but is undoubtedly the same species. 4. Leucania loreyi. Leucania loreyi, Duponchel, Lep. France, vii., 1, p. 81 ; pi. 105, tig. 7 (1827). L. collecta, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 105, n. 63 (1856). L. thoracica, Walker, L c., p. 106, n. 68 (1856). L. denotata, Walker, I. c., p. 107, n. 70 (1856). Europe, Japan, India. synonymy of the genera of Noctuites. 659 5. Leucania percussa. Leucania percussa, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, p. 674, n. 55. L. insidaris, Butler, I. c., n. 56. Formosa. I believe these two must be slightly different forms of the same species ; in any case L. insularis is much rubbed, and ought not to have been described. 6. Leucania multilinea. Leucania multilinea, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 97, n. 41 (1856). Canada. This is the species described by Grote as L. lapidaria, Grote : it is quite distinct from L. commoides, under which Grote gives " L. multilinea, Walk., in litt.," as a synonym. 7. Leucania phragmitidicola. Leucania phragmitidicola, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 89> n. 136 (1852). United States. This species is quite distinct from the Haytian insect, identified with it by Walker, being very closely allied to the preceding, L. multilinea : it was correctly identified by Grote. 8. Leucania amens. Leucania amens, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 88, n. 133 (1852). South Africa.. Probably only a pale form (the prevalent one) of L. torrentium, Guen. ; the differences are slight, all the markings being alike. 9. Leucania exterior. Leucania exterior, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 106, n. 66 (1856). L. designata, Walker, L c., p. 107, n. 69 (1856). India. Both of the types are now in the Museum Collection, and prove to be inseparable as species. 660 Mr. A. G. Butler' s further notes on the "Leucania" disjuncta, Walker, is an Agrotis ; L. propria and L. semivittata must be transferred to Omma- tostola. 10. Leucania extincta. Leucania extincta, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 79, n. 107 (1852). United States. This is proved, by a comparison of the types, to be the Heliophila ligata of Grote. 11. Leucania insueta. Leucania insueta, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 81, n. 113 (1852). United States. Allied to L. comma. The type only differs from that of L. adonea, Grote, in the less distinctly whitish costal border and veins of primaries : it is quite possible that they may prove to be forms of the same species, but I would always rather err on the side of allowing too many species to stand rather than too few ; it is always easy to put things together, but it often requires careful study to discriminate between closely-allied species. 12. Leucania linita. Leucania linita, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 81, n. 114 (1852). L. insecuta, Walker, Lep. Het., Suppl., 2, p. 625 (1865). L. intermissa, Walker, L c., p. 626. United States and Shanghai. This is also identical with L. amygdalina, Harvey. The Shanghai specimens are indistinguishable from the American. I have already pointed out (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 113) that L. decolorata of Blanchard is only a pale form of L. impuncta, Guen. *• L. pallens " of the United States agrees absolutely with the European L. straminea. The two forms have practically the same characters, and if received from any extra-European locality would never have been con- sidered distinct ; indeed, it is possible to find examples which cannot with certainty be referred to one form synonymy of the genera of Noctuites. 661 rather than the other. L. straminea differs chiefly in the generally more prominent pale longitudinal streak above the median vein of the primaries, and the better- defined black or dark markings. Not having bred both from the egg, I keep them separate in the collection. The L. juncicola of Walker is not the species so named by M. Guenee, but is the L. adjusta of Grote. The true L. juncicola seems to be very closely allied to, if distinct from, L. scirpicola. In the Index to ' Illustrations of Typical Lepidoptera- Heterocera,' I inadvertently placed L. griseifascia, Moore, as a synonym of L. commoides ; it really is a dark form of L. percisa (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1888, p. 410). The following is a very variable species, which has received many names : — 13. Leucania unipuncta. Noctua unipuncta, Haworth, Lep. Brit., p. 174, n. 37 (1810). Typical form. United States, Chili, New Zealand, Azores. Coll. B. M. This is a large reddish form of the species in which the white dot on the primaries is very prominent. I have seen no undoubted European examples of the species, and the few specimens which may have been obtained were probably accidentally imported. Var. saccharirora. Leucania saccharivora, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 115. Chili, India, and New Zealand. Coll. B. M. Smaller than the typical form, and of a brighter red- dish colour ; the white spot obsolete. Var. antica. Leucania antica, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 100, n 52 (1852). L. adusta, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 335. Western coast of America, Venezuela, Damling. Coll. B. M. 662 Mr. A. G. Butler 's further notes on the About the same size as the preceding variety, but much paler, the primaries being pale testaceous, with ill-defined dusky markings, and the secondaries almost white, with more or less defined dusky border, darkest towards apex. The Indian examples show the dusky border distinctly as a broad subapical patch, varying in intensity in different individuals ; one of the examples from Venezuela has a similar though less prominent patch. Var. trifolii. Leucania trifolii, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 114. Sao Paulo, Chili, Canada, Japan, Java, N.W. India, New Zealand, and Flores. Coll. B. M. Altogether a greyer form, with prominent pale dis- coidal spots, well-defined dark oblique apical streak, and dusky secondaries. Var. extranea. Leucania extranea, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 77, n. 104 (1852). United States, " Europe," Darjiling, Azores, Flores. Coll. B. M. A darker form than the preceding, and generally larger. Var. convecta. Leucania convecta, Walker, Lep. Het., xi., p. 711 (1857). Moreton Bay. Coll. B. M. The primaries almost uniformly greyish, with testa- ceous reflections ; the white dot almost lost in a blackish spot at the end of the cell ; the secondaries whitish, with dusky veins and border somewhat as in the darkest form of var. antica. Var. separata. Leucania separata, Walker, Lep. Het., Suppl., ii., p. 626 (1865). Japan, Shanghai, N. W. India, Goya, Chili, Kansas. Coll. B. M. Scarcely separable from the preceding ; the specimens synonymy of the genera of Noctuites. 663 have a washed-out, faded appearance ; the primaries pale testaceous, with indistinct markings ; the second- aries greyish white, with dusky veins and borders. I have not the least doubt that the whole of the above forms are mere variations of one widely-distributed species ; at the same time it is doubtful whether the whole of the forms occur together, as, in a long series, Mr. Edmonds only had the two varieties, L. trifolii and saccharivora, whilst the typical form, received subse- quently from Talcahuano, is only like a duller, darker specimen of the latter variety : most of the varieties occur in N. Western India, but I have not seen typical L. unipuncta, var. antica, or var. convecta from there. HYPHILARE, Hiibn. This is the Mythimna of Walker, slightly modified : it will include //. albipuncta, lithargyria, rudis, albicosta, fraterna, mifipennis, placida, pseudargyria, singularis, Jormosana, turca, grandis and divergens, and perhaps obusta. 1. Hyphilare pseudargyria. Leucania pseudargyria, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 74, n. 94 (1852). United States. The type of this species agrees exactly with the var. callida of Grote : in the Grote collection this form is labelled "var. obusta, Guen.," but the type of "Leucania obusta" is a very distinct species, having densely ciliated antennae, and darker by far in colouring even than the European H. turca. I very much doubt whether it can be placed in the same genus. SESAMIA, Guenee. 1. Sesamia incerta. Leucania incerta, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 103, n. 58 (1856). Xonagria intestata, Walker, /. c., p. 130, n. 23 (1856). South Africa (Sir A. Smith). Coll. B. M. 2. Sesamia abdominalis. Nonagria abdominalis, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 131, n. 24 (1856). Mythimna robusta, Walker, I.e., xi., p. 710 (1857). Australia. Coll. B. M. 664 Mr. A. G. Butler's further notes on the 3. Sesamia ciliata. Leucania ciliata, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 110, n. 77 (1856). Tceniocampa assimilis, Walker, 1. c., xv., p. 1708 (1858). Leucania curta, Walker, I. c., Suppl., ii., p. 627 (1865). Australia. Coll. B. M. PLATYSENTA, Grote. 1. Platysenta videns. Leucania videns, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 78, n. 106 (1852). Nonagria? indigens, Walker, Lep. Het., xi., p. 713, n. 3 (1857). Platysenta atriciliata, Grote (see Check List, p. 30). United States. Coll. B. M. The type from Florida is identical with the species subsequently described by Walker and Grote. Nonagria irregularis, Walker, and Leucania proscripta, Walker, may be referred to this genus. NONAGBIA, Ochs. "Nonagria" geminipuncta, Hatchett (an example of which stood in Zeller's series of N. nexa), has simple antennae, and is congeneric with Oria (Tapinostola) fulva. OMMATOSTOLA, Grote. I have been obliged to extend this genus to include the following, most of them hitherto having been placed under Nonagria : — N. cannae, lutosa, sparganii, arundinis, polita of Walker (Shanghai), nexa, propria, Wlk. (New Zealand), photophila, Butl. (Hawaiian Islands), semi- vittatat Wlk. (New Zealand). The antennae of these species are of the same character as those of 0. lintneri, being thicker and more densely ciliated than in the little dull-coloured species which remain in Nonagria, viz. : — N. dissoluta, Treit., punctifinis, Walk., and neurica, Hiibn. The Leucania sulcana of Fereday, which vaguely resembles 0. semivittata, appears to me to be an Arsilonche ; it is a little more developed in every way than A. albovenosa, the palpi, antennae, legs, and wings being all longer; the primaries are buff instead of greyish or whity-brown, and the secondaries and abdo- men are blackish instead of pure white ; the pattern of the primaries, however, is almost identical. synonymy of the genera ofNoctuites. 665 OBTHODES, Guen. I have already stated (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. vi., p. 96) that the type of this genus, 0. t-nigrum, must be placed here, the whole of Guenee's other so-called Orthodes being referred to Dyschorista. Orthodes will now include 0. t-nigrum from Brazil, and 0. exempta (Leucauia exempta, Walk.) from Ceylon. MYCTEROPLUS, Herr.-Sch. Zotheca, Grote, is synonymous with this genus. SPODOPTEEA, Guen. "Spodoptera" pecten of Guenee, although it closely resembles S. mauritice in colouring and general pattern, is structurally quite distinct, and must either be placed in or near to the genus Agrotis. 1. Spodoptera inauritia. $ , Hadena mauritia, Boisduval, Faune, Ent. de Madag., p. 92, pi. 13, fig. 9 (1833). $ , Spodoptera nubes, Guenee, Noct., i., p. 155, n. 246 (1852). $ , S.filum, Guenee, I. c., n. 248 (1852). ? , Prodenia infecta, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 196, n. 12 (1856). $ , P. insignata, Walker, I. c., p. 197, n. 14 (1856). $ , Caradrina triturata, Walker, 1. c., x., p. 295, n. 30 (1856). ? , Agrotis transducta, Walker, 1. c., p. 344, n. 91 (1856). $ , Prodenia permunda, Walker, I. c., xi., p. 723 (1857). $ , Laphygma gratiosa, Walker, I. c., SuppL, ii., p. 651 (1865). $ , L. squalida, Walker, I. c., p. 652 (1865). $ , Prodenia venustula, Walker, I.e., p. 654 (1865). $ , Celcena bisignata, Walker, L c., p. 679 (1865). $ , Agrotis aliena, Walker, I. c., p. 694 (1865). $ , A. bisignata, Walker, I. c., p. 702 (1865). $ , Hadena obliqua, Walker, /, c., iii., p. 736 (1865). Africa, Asia, and Australia. Coll. B. M. It is remarkable, considering what a number of 666 Mr. A. G. Butler 's further notes on the species this insect was divided into, how little, com- paratively, it varies ; the sexes differ considerably, owing to the obliteration of the white markings in the female, but otherwise there is nothing beyond intensity of colour to account for the manifold synonymy noted above. 2 Spodoptera exempta. $ , Agrotis exempta, Walker, Lep. Het., x., p. 355, n. 114 (1856). ? , Prodenia bipars, Walker, I.e., xi., p. 724 (1857). $ , P. ingloria, Walker, 1. c.t xv., p. 1679 (1858). Africa, Australia, and Hawaiian Islands. Coll. B. M. 3. Spodoptera frugiperda. $ , 2 , Phalana frugiperda, Smith & Abbot, Lep. Georg., ii., p. 191, pi. 96 (1797). $ , Prodenia signifera, Walker, Lep. Het., ix., p. 193, n. 5 (1856). var., Hew., Papilio prexaspes, Feld., P. evemon, Bdv., P. telephus, Feld., P. \bathycles, Zinck., P. arycles, Boisd., P. agamemnon, Linn., Astictopterus sindu, Feld. HETEROCERA. Amongst these are several beautiful new insects, as well as others which are by no means abundant in collections. No Sphingidce are represented, but there is a lovely new Zygcenoid Arctiid. CHALCOSIID.E. MlLLERIA FICTA. Cyclosia ficta, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. p. 97 (1862). Milleria pontioides, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. vii. p. 35 (1881). Walker's description of this species is so bad that without exam- ining the type it would be quite impossible to guess at its identity with M. pontioides. CALLAMESIA STRIATA. Amesia striata, Druce, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. vii. p. 142(1891). This species appears to be allied to C. submaculans of Walker (Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 185, 1860). I have to thank Mr. Druce for identifying it for me as his species. CHALCOSIA I^DISTINCTA. Chalcosia indistincta, Swinhoe, in litt. One imperfect female. ARCTIIDJS. MYDROTHAUMA, n. gen. Nearest to Eupyra, the primaries a little narrower, the subcostal branches emitted regularly from the cell instead of branching off from the main nervure ; the second and third median branches wider apart at their origins ; the secondaries with strongly arched costal margins ; three instead of two median branches ; palpi extremely short and porrected, instead of very long and almost erect ; tibial spurs also very short ; abdomen much broader, flattened and tufted at the sides. From Mydrodoxa, to which it is also allied, it differs in its considerably narrower primaries with sinuous instead of arched inner margin ; in the important point of 1 Differs from N. amphimuta, to which it is allied and which it nearly re- sembles on the under surface, in its much inferior size and in the deep glistening ultramarine (rather than violet) blue colouring of the upper surface ; the female, which is in the B.M. from Sarawak, has a much more restricted blue area, especially on the secondaries: expanse of wings, <$ 43 millim., 2 40 millim. [3] 1 22 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON [J*eb. 16, the absence of an accessory cell, in the non-furcate subcostal branches, in the very important point of the absence of a costal vein to the secondaries, the simple instead of forked subcostal vein, the presence of a radial vein, which in Mydrodoxa is absent, and the more slender legs with better defined tibial spurs. Altogether, in spite of a similarity in the palpi of Mydrodoxa and Mydro- fhauma, the latter is decidedly more nearly allied to Eupyra. Type M. ada. MYDROTHAUMA ADA, n. sp. (Plate VI. fig. 1.) c? . Nearest to M. semperi (Mydrodoxa semperi, Druce, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 519, pi. xxxii. fig. 1), which is a true Mydrothavma, but far more beautiful ; primaries above velvety greenish black, with three metallic violet spots forming an arched stripe across the base ; a narrow band of gold with diffused greenish edges across the basal third, its inferior extremity not quite reaching the inner margin ; the disk almost wholly occupied by two large unequal golden spots or patches with diffused greenish edges : secondaries intense seri- ceous black ; the costal area greyish ; a minute steel-blue spot at the end of the cell ; a trifid subcuneiform hyaline patch divided by the second and third median branches : head and collar vivid carmine ; thorax velvety black, the meso- and metathorax clothed at the sides with deep smoky brown hair : abdomen blackish brown, almost black, with velvety black lateral tufts ; each segment marked with lateral metallic violet-blue dashes : wings below very like the under surface of M. semperi, excepting that they are blacker, the discocellular veinlets are denned by metallic blue instead of green spots, and the gold and green on the external area is much more extended ; body below black, the legs and sides of venter spotted with metallic blue spots. Expanse of wings 48 millim. A single example only of this charming novelty was captured by Mrs. Prver, to whom (at her husband's request) I have dedicated it. PHISSAMA VACILLANS. Amphissa vacillans. Walker, Lep. Het. iii. p. 685, n. 1 (1855). LITHOSIID^E. CABARDA BIZONOIDES. Lyclene bizonoides, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. p. Ill (1862). C. molliculana=C. sequens is perhaps only a variety of this species. KATHA, sp. inc. The single example is not perfect and therefore I hink it better not to describe it ; it is like a small example of K. intermixta> Walk., from Southern India, but the face is greyer. [4] 1892.] LEPIDOPTERA FROM SANDAKAN. 123 NYCTEMERID^E. LEPTOSOMA INTEGRUM. Nyctemera Integra, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. v. p. 1879 (1866). Originally described from a Philippine example. LEPTOSOMA REGULARE. Leptosoma regularis, Snellen, Veth's Midden-Sumatra, Lep. p. 34 (1880). The specimen in the present collection differs from the typical form in the abbreviation of the outer marginal border of the secondaries on the upper surface. LlPARID^B. ADLULLIA GUTTULATA. Euproctis guttulata, Snellen, Tijd. voor Eut. xxix. p. 36. n. 3, pi. 1. fig. 3(1886). One female. Described from a Sumatran example. ADLULLIA, n. sp., Swinhoe, in litt. A slightly damaged female. The generic term Adlullia of Walker takes precedence of Choero- tricha, Felder, as in general use. Mr. Kirby, however, holds that the type of Chcerotricha is synonymous with Gogane. LlMACODID.E. SCOPELODES VENOSA. Scopelodes venosa^ Walker, Lep. Het. v. p. llOo.n. 3 (1855). A male example. The female only was previously known to us from Silhet and " E. India " ; the male now sent is very like that sex of 5. auro- grisea, but the abdomen is more decidedly banded with black ; the abdominal half only of the secondaries is ochreous and the primaries below are more distinctly veined with whitish. The following appears to me to be a new genus of Nycteolidce ; the male, from Borneo, has been for some years in the Museum collection. NYCTEOLID^. SIGLOPHORA, n. gen. Allied to Chandica, primaries with nearly straight costa, slightly arched external margin and more strongly arched inner margin; a deep longitudinal groove behind the costal vein on the under surface ; subcostal with four ordinary branches, the two last emitted from a long footstalk ; the fifth branch emitted from the end of the cell close to the upper radial, the lower radial emitted near the third median and therefore looking like a fourth median branch : secondaries rather short, deeply excised in the male on the radial interspaces, merely angulated in the female ; costal vein united to the subcostal [5] 124 MK. A. G. BUTLER ON [Feb. 16, close to the base, separating from it at about tbe middle of tbe discoidal cell and running thence to apex ; subcostal emitting two branches from the anterior angle of the cell ; discocellular weak, in- arched ; radial emitted at the inferior angle of the cell ; second and third median branches emitted from a long footstalk near to the radial: body robust, similar to that of Chandica ; palpi long, thick, and compressed; antennae, long, thick, simple; legs rather thick, the middle tibise armed with two unequal spurs, the inner ones very long ; posterior tibise with four spurs. Type S. bella. SIGLOPHORA BELLA, n. sp. (Plate VI. fig. 2.) Basal three-sevenths of primaries bright lemon-yellow, ornamented by little irregular undulated lines and rings of blackish brown and bounded externally by a dark imperfect line ; a costal patch beyond this area of the same colour and crossed by dark brown irregular lines ; remainder of wing vinous brown in the male, rust- red in the female, varied by a few inconspicuous darker spots ; a deeply dentated submarginal line of yellow — indistinct in the male, but sharply defined and partly bounded internally by black spots in the female ; fringe vinous, sericeous, spotted with grey : secondaries with the basal half ( tf ) to third ( $ ) sericeous semitrans- parent white, tinted externally with yellow and bounded by a badly defined reddish band ; remainder of wing vinous grey ; fringe with a pale basal line : thorax bright yellow, varied with rust-red markings : abdomen bright rust-red, with a yellow spot in the centre of the basal segment, in the male specimen before me the sides and margins of the segments are pearly whitish (possibly owing to abrasion) and the anal tuft is blackish ; on the under surface the defined markings have all disappeared ; the yellow portions of the wings are softened down and the remaining area is grey, a reddish band separating the yellow from the grey areas : body below pearly white ; palpi and fore tibise yellowish, banded with vinous grey. Expanse of wings, 3 24, $ 23 millim. rf, Borneo, 1879 (coll. B.M.). $, Sandakan. NOTODONTID^I. CELEIA, sp. inc. A much broken example of a fine and apparently new species of this genus. CAREA, n. sp. Fragments of an unnamed species, shortly to be described by Col. Swinhoe, were in the collection. DREPANULID^E. DRAPETODES NUMMULARIA. Drapetodes nummularia, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. xxxii. n. 11, pi. 1. figs. 4,4 a (1889). A single female example. [6] 1892.] LEPIDOPTERA FROM SANDAKAN. 125 AGNIDRA CARNEA, n. sp. (Plate VI. fig. 3.) c? . Sericeous pale brownish flesh-colour, sparsely irrorated with blackish atoms, which are most abundant on the outer half of the secondaries : primaries crossed by two very indistinct oblique darker lines — the first before the middle, irregular, almost {-shaped, the second regular, discal, more oblique, elbowed below apex ; a submarginal series of rosy spots on the veins : secondaries with two whitish stigmata on the discocellulars ; under surface rosy flesh- coloured, veins ochraceous ; wings sprinkled with black atoms ; primaries crossed by an oblique grey discal stripe, which is vaguely continued by the black atoms across the secondaries ; fore tibiae scarlet. Expanse of wings 35 millim. Although the apices of the primaries are broken the specimen of this very distinct species in the collection is sufficiently perfect for description. BOMBYCIDJE. ERNOLATIA SIGNATA. Ernolatia signatff, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. p. 131. One female. A discoloured male in the Museum from Java is named " Ocinara lida" Moore. CARADRINID^E. PRODENIA LITTORALIS. Hadena littoralis, Boisduval, Faune Ent. de Madag. p. 91. n. 2, pi. 13. fig. 8. CALLOPISTRIID.E. I have waded laboriously through Walker's long paper on the Lepidoptera of Sarawak in the * Journal of the Linnean Society' without being able to identify the three following; species with certainty; the first, however, is probably his Eutelial consentanea, and therefore I so name it, although it is not a Eutelia but belongs to a new genus allied to Hyperdasys. PACHYDASYS, n. gen. / Primaries with straight costa, rectangular apex, and obtusely angulated outer margin ; palpi broad, obliquely ascending, com- pressed, terminal joint short ; antennae of male subserrate, fasci- culated : all the femora and tibiae and the tarsi of the hind legs very broadly fringed and clothed with coarse hair-scales. PACHYDASYS CONSENTANEA. (Plate VI. fig. 5.) 5 . Eutelia ? ccnsentanea, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 68. n. 313 (1864). One male example. [7] 126 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON [Feb. 16, PLATYDASYS, n. gen. Allied to the preceding genus and to Cotanda ; the wings of the same form as in Dissolophus ; the antennae most like those of Cotanda but thicker, the femora and tibiae of all the legs and the tarsi of the middle and hind pairs very densely clothed with coarse hair-scales. Type P. pryeri. PLATYDASYS PRYERI, n. sp. (Plate VI. fig. 6.) Sepia-brown with faint roseate reflections ; the primaries with black and white lines and spots almost exactly as in the European Methorasa latrei/lei; but the reniform spot is larger and more indented in front, and the pink hastate spot immediately beyond the inuous black-edged white discal line and situated upon the upper radial vein is much less prominent, so that it is scarcely distinguishable from the remaining portion of the pale stripe bounding the external edge of the discal line. Expanse of wings 34 millim. c?, Sarawak ; $ , Labuan. In coll. B.M. A fragment of the female was obtained by Mr. Pryer in Sanda- kan. This species should be among the insects described by Walker ; but, if so, the description is not good enough to render its identification possible. PCECILOGRAMMA, n. gen. Nearest to Gnatnptocera, but in the pied character of its markings very dissimilar, superficially, from any of the allied genera ; antennae normal in character, with short sparse ciliations ; palpi broad, compressed, curved obliquely upwards, with short terminal joint ; collar and tegulae ample ; metathorax with prominent central crest ; basal segment of abdomen probably tufted ; legs long, the front tibiaa broad, the external edge being densely fringed with coarse scales ; femora of middle pair of legs flattened and grooved, the tibiae densely clothed with hair and with two long terminal spurs ; posterior legs almost naked, the tibiae with the usual spurs. Type P. picata. PCECILOGRAMMA PICATUM, n. sp. (Plate VI. fig. 4.) Primaries above sepia-brown, spotted and streaked with black, the internal area wVity brown ; base white, marked with two black spots, an oblique bisinuated white stripe from the base of the costa to an oblique white band across the basal two-fifths of the wing, the latter band is traversed by a black line and is angulated at its costal extremity ; an oblique white streak from the apex, interrupted by the reniform spot, which is white, oval, and encloses two unequal black spots, and the postmedian stripe, which is white, internally edged with black, zigzag and very irregular, a slightly sinuous white submarginal stripe, connected on the second median interspace by a white spot, with a marginal series of internally white-edged black dashes ; fringe whitish, spotted with grey : secondaries grey, with diffused darker external border : head and collar blackish, partly [8] 1892.] LEPIDOPTERA PROM SANDAKAN. 127 white-edged ; mesothorax buff, speckled with black ; tegulee and metathorax white, spotted and speckled with black ; abdomen whitish with grey dorsal spots : primaries below smoky grey, with dull white inner margin ; costa partly whitish ; an indistinct trans- verse dark postmedian stripe and a subapical pure white spot : secondaries whitish irrorated with grey scales ; a black crescent at end of cell followed by an arched discal grey stripe and a diffused grey external belt which tapers towards anal angle ; body below whitish, palpi brownish, fore and middle tibiae white barred with blackish. Expanse of wings 33 millim. A single male example, with slightly damaged abdomen, but otherwise in good condition. HOMOPTERID^E. HOMOPTERA CRUEGERI. Homoptera cruegeri, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 411. n. 51. Evidently a very \vide-ranging species. CATEPHIID^E. MELIPOTIS CYLLARIA. Phalcena (Noctua) cyllaria^ Cramer, Pap. Exot. Hi. pi. 251 . figs. C, D (1779). This species, which varies greatly in the coloration of the primaries (like the other species of Melipotis), is identical with M. cyllota and M. signivitta. Achaa purpureilinea, Walk., is nrnhahlv the samp- snppips. OPHIDERID^E. OPHIDERES FULLONICA. Phalana-Noctua fullonica, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 812. n. 16. OPHIDERES ATJRANTIA. Ophideres aurantia, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 607. PHYLLODID.E. PoTAMOPHORA MANLIA. Phalcena-Noctua manlia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. p. 144, pi. 92. fig. A (1779). The variability of this species is well known ; one of Mr. Pryer's specimens is very pretty, the reniform spot and a stripe connecting it with the inner margin being bright ochreous : we have one similar example from Darjiling. LYGNIODES MATJRUS, Staud. An imperfect example of a fine species allied to L. endoleuca, but with the fringes and the abdominal area of the secondaries bright ochreous. Mr. Druce has received examples of this species from Dr. Staudinger with a name above given, but I am not certain that it has been published. [9] 128 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON [Feb. 16, DYSGONIIDJE. LAGOPTERA HONESTA. Thyas honesta, Hiibner, Samml. exot. Schmett. ii., Lep. iv., Noct. iii. figs. 1, 2. LAGOPTERA MAGICA. Corycia magica, Hiibner, Samml. exot. Schmett. Zutr. figs. 535, 536. OPHIODES DISJUNGENS. Othiodes (sic) disjungens, Walker, Lep, Het. xiv. p. 1360 (1857). PlNDARA ILLIBATA. Noctua illibata, Fabricius, Syst. But. p. 592. n. 8 (1/75). OPHISMA INVERSA. Ophisma inversa, Walker, Lep, Het. xiv. p. 1384. n. 34 (1857). ACH/EA FASCICULIPES. Achcea fasciculipes, Walker, Lep. Het. xiv. p. 1400. n. 20 (1857). SERRODES CAMPANA. Serrodes campana, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 252. n. 1673 (1852). An unusually lilacine example. DYSGONIA FULVOT^NIA. Ophiusa fulvotcenia, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 272. n' 1710 (1852). AMPHIGONIID^:. AMPHIGONIA COMPRIMENS. Amphigonia comprimens, Walker, Lep. Het. xv. p. 1540. n. 5 (1858). THERMESIID.E. PLATYJA UMMINEA. $ . Phalcena-Noctua umminea, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pi. 267- fig. F (1782). Gincea removens, Walker, Lep. Het. xv. p. 1638. n. 1 (1858). c? . Sympis subunita, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 344. n. 1810 (1852). Cotuza drepanoides, Walker, 1. c. p. 1552. n. 1 (1858). Both varieties of this species were obtained by Mr. Pryer. CAPNODES MACULICOSTA. Capnodesl maculicosta, Walker, Lep. Het. xv. p. 1608. n. 19 (1858). [10] 1892.] LEPIDOPTERA FROM SANDAKAN. 129 HERMINIIDyE. AMBLYGOES OILEUSAHS. Herminla oileusalis, Walker, Lep. Het. xvi. p. 116. n. 38. Madopa 1 quadristrigata, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1877, p. 73, pi. 5. fig. 7. PYRALES. STERICTA DIVITALIS. Glossina divitalis, Guenee, Belt, et Pyral. p. 124. n. 20. ARTHROSCHISTA HILARALIS. Margaromahilaralis,W&\ker, Lep. Het. xviii. p. 532. n. 33 (1859). SYLEPTA IOPASALIS. Botys iopasalis, Walker, Lep. Het. xviii. p. 652. n. 182 (1859). MESANCHYLA ILLECTALIS. Desmia 1 illectalis, Walker, Lep. Het. xix. p. 931 (1859). TALANGA SEXPUNCTALIS. Oliyostigma sexpunctalis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 616, pi. 60. fig. 12. DlCHOCROCIS PANDAMALIS. Botys pandamalis, Walker, Lep. Het. xix. p. 999 (1859). DURDARA OVIPERA, n. sp. (Plate VI. fig. 7.) Nearest to D.fenestrina, but differing from all the named forms of the genus in its grey coloration above and in having an oblique oval hyaline spot near the base of the first median interspace of the primaries ; the outer half of the fringe of the secondaries is white ; the primaries below are almost wholly glaucous grey, with white internal border, and in the secondaries the costa and veins are greyish ; the palpi are even longer than in D. plagifera, and are whitish internally and along their inferior margins. Expanse of wings 28 millim. Mr. Meyricksays (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1887, p. 185) that " Microsoft plagifera is a variety ofStriffUna myrtcea, Drury (=fenestrina, Feld., andfenesfrata, Gn.), with the spot (which varies very much and is sometimes absent) unusually large. With every wish not to admit too many species, I cannot conceive that Mr. Meyrick is correct in this assertion : for, however much a spot on the wing may vary in size and shape, it appears highly improbable that the palpi would follow suit, and assuredly there is little resemblance between the palpi of D.fenestrina and I). plagifera (which I described as a Microsca). Our example of D.fenestrina is a female, and so far as can be judged from the type of D. plagifera, in which the frenulum PROC. ZOOL. Soc.— 1892, No. IX. 9 130 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON [Feb. 16, on one side is concealed and on the other broken, the latter is of the same sex ; it has the last joint of the palpi much more slender and of nearly twice the length of that of D.fenestrina. When it is proved beyond question, hy carefnl breeding, that dissimilar forms are varieties of one and the same species, the sooner they are put together the better ; but this guesswork, especially when concealed under the guise of an authoritative declaration, is a positive hindrance to the acquirement of accurate knowledge. In many cases where Mr. Meyrick has stated his conviction that a long series of described forms belong to one variable species, he has been subsequently obliged to alter his opinion ; surely he cannot claim that his first action advanced science, since he must know of a truth that it only retarded it. DURDARA ROBUSTA. Durdara robusta, Warren, in litt. The type of Mr. Warren's unpublished description is from Sarawak ; it is just possible that Walker may have described it as an Anisodes or a Capnodes in his Supplement, or in one of the papers published in the Linnean Journal; but I cannot venture to attempt its identi- fication. PHARAMBARA VINOSA, n. sp. (Plate VI. fig. 8.) Pale vinous-brown ; wings reticulated with darker brown : pri- maries crossed by six imperfect darker bands, the outer edges of which, and the inner edge of the third one, are defined by blackish lines ; the fourth and fifth lines are inarched towards the costa ; the sixth, which is submarginal, is abbreviated and cuts off the apical half of the external border ; on the secondaries there are about three black-edged, ill-defined, abbreviated bands from the costa, the central one is acutely elbowed and bounded on each side near the centre of the wing by a hyaline, subquadrate, white spot ; on the under surface all the markings are more sharply defined, and on the primaries is a subcostal, basal, shining, pearly tuft covering the base of the frenulum. Expanse of wings 26 millim. A single male example. The species does not appear to be very closely allied to any named form. URAPTERYGID^. SYNGONORTHUS, n. gen. Allied to Gonorthus : of the same form and with similar neuration ; but the male antennae much shorter and with very short fine ciliations instead of being strongly pectinated. SYNGONORTHUS SUBPUNCTATUS, n. sp. (Plate VI. fig. 9.) Pale creamy stramineous, slightly sericeous ; the wings irrorated with greyish argillaceous ; the primaries crossed by two nearly parallel, straight, transverse stripes of the same colour ; outer margin and fringe forming a third stripe rather more ferruginous in tint ; [12J 1892.] LEPIDOPTERA FROM SANDAKAN. 131 costal margin narrowly ochraceous, speckled with blackish : second- aries with only a discocellular spot to represent the inner stripe of the primaries, but with a well-defined subangulated outer stripe from outer fourth of costa to inner margin, close to anal angle ; marginal stripe blacker than on the primaries : head and collar rufous-brownish : wings below without irrorations, but crossed by a straight discal series of blackish spots on the veins ; primaries tinted with pink, with a transverse blackish dash on the discocellulars ; pectus whitish. Expanse of wings 38 millim. This very distinct species is unfortunately only represented by one imperfect specimen ; it is, however, so unlike anything else that I have seen or of which I can find a description, that I have no hesitation in naming it. ELPHOS HYMENARIA, var. Elphos hymenaria, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 285. n. 446, pi. 16. fig. 4 (1857). The single female obtained by Mr. Pryer has lost the white patch upon the secondaries. TERPNIDIA NELEARIA. Hypochroma nelearia, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 2/9. n. 444 (1857). HYPOCHROMA NETUNARIA ? Hypochroma netunaria, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 279. n. 445 (1857). The two examples, both females, seem to agree fairly well with the description of this species. HYPOCHROMA VITTICOSTA. Hypochroma vitticosla, Walker, Lep. Het. xxi. p. 438. n. 25 (1860). A male example in good condition. I have to thank Col. Swinhoe for the identification of this species ; he tells me that the type from Sarawak is somewhat faded. ASCOTIS SELENARIA. Geometra selenaria, Schiffermiiller, Wien. Verz. p. 101 ; Hiibner, Georn. pi. 31. fig. 163. A damaged female only was obtained. ZERENID^E. PAN^ETHIA GEORGIATA. Pancethia georgiata, Guenee, Phal. ii. p. 196. n. 1243. NAXA TEXTILIS. Naxa textilis, Walker, Lep. Het. vii. p. 1743 (1856). 9* [13] 132 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON [Feb. 16, EUSCHEMID^E. EUSCHEMA DOUBLEDAYI. Nazis doubledayi, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. xxvii. pp. Ixxxii and 96-98 (1884). CHRYSOCRASPEDA VINOSA. Chrysocraspeda vinosa, Warren, in lift. A beautiful little bright yellow species, maculated and banded witb plum-colour ; it is to be hoped that a description of it will soon be published. A much-worn example, apparently of a true Idcea, new to the Museum collection, was also obtained by Mr. Pryer. MESOSTROPHE OVISIGNATA. Anisodes omsignata, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, iii. p. 444 (1884-7). The specimen from Sandakan agrees perfectly well with the Ceylonese type. CABERHXE. MARESIA ? UNDIFASCIATA, n. sp. (Plate VI. fig. 10.) Basal area of wings white, speckled with black and transversely striated with pearl-grey ; remainder of wings pearl-grey, striated with white and crossed to near costa by white-edged, zigzag, dark brown stripes, three on the primaries and two on the secondaries, also by a submarginal stripe, slightly waved on the primaries, but distinctly zigzag on the secondaries, the third and sixth angles filled in so as to form blackish, more or less triangular spots ; a slender, slightly zigzag, black marginal line ; fringe, excepting along the abdominal margin of the secondaries, very short : head and collar blackish ; thorax white, speckled with black ; abdomen wanting : under surface pale pearl-grey ; the disk of the wings crossed by two subparallel darker grey bands, enclosing a white belt ; the outer band angulated on the primaries ; legs silvery whitish. Expanse of wings 33 millim. ! have been unable to find any description or figure of this lovely little moth ; judging by the descriptions alone, it would seem to be allied to Acidalia destituta and Maresia binotata, described by Walker from specimens coming from Sula and in Mr. Saunders's collection MACARIID.E, PLUTODES CYCLAEIA. Plutodes cyclaria, Guenee, Phal. ii. p. 1 18. n. 11 1 1, pi. 20. fig. 3. TRYGODES DIVISARIA. Macaria divisaria, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxiv. p. 107 (1861). [14] 1892.] LEPIDOPTERA FROM SANDAKAN. 133 MICRONIID^:. ACROPTERIS LEPTALIATA. Micronia leptaliatay Guenee, Phal. ii. p, 28. n. 935. PSEUDOMICRONIA CCELATA. Pseudomicronia coelata, Moore, Descr. Lep. Atk. p. 257 (1887). EUMELEIDJE. EUMELEA LUDOVICATA. Eumelea ludovicata, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 393. n. 629 (1857). GEOMETRID^E. ORNITHOSPILA SUBMONSTRANS. Geometra submonstrans, Walker, Lep. Het. xxii. p. 526. n. 36 (1861). ORNITHOSPILA CINCTA. Geometra cincta, Walker, Lep. Het. xxii. p. 527. n. 38 (1861). This species is of the same size and general colour as the preceding, but differs in the nearly straight instead of distinctly dentate-sinuate dark green lines across the wings and in the uniformly vinous-coloured fringes. MEGASPILARIA. Phorodesma megaspilaria, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 371. n. 593. ZAMARADA, n. sp. One much shattered example of an apparently new species ; its condition unfits it for description. HYBLJEIDJE. The position of this family is somewhat doubtful ; the aspect of the species forcibly reminds one of the Tortrices, but the neuration does not altogether correspond with that of the Tortricidce ; at the same time the Hyblceidce do not appear to be true Noctuites. HYBL^EA CONSTELLATA. Hyblcea constellata, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 391. n. 1251. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. Fig. 1. Mydrotkauma ada, p. 122. 2. Siglophora bella, £ , p. 124. 3. Agnidra carnea, p. 125. 4. Pacilogramma picata, p. 126. 5. Pachydasys consentanea, p. 125. 6. Platydasys pryeri, p. 126. 7. Durdara ovifera, p. 129. 8. Pharambam vinosa, p. 130. 9. Syngonorthus subpunctatus, p. 130. 10. Maresia ? undifasci2ta, p. 1 32. [15] P. Z.S. 1892 .Plate VI. From the ANNALS AXD MAGAZINK OF NATURAL HISTORY for May 1892. On the Genus Polychrysia of Hulner (a Group of Plusiid Motht). By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. IN his ' \rerzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge,' at p. 251, Hiibner founded a genus Polychrysia on the single European species P. moneta. The characters given for his genus were, as usual, value- less ; hut the genus itself is a good one and must be adopted. It is synonymous with the genus Deva of American authors and of Walker's ' Supplement,' but has nothing to do with the typical species of that author's genus. 408 Miscellaneous. Walker described his genus Deva in the twelfth volume of his 4 Catalogue of Lepidoptera Heterocera,' p. 962, and included in it two species, D. stimulans,=Plusiodonta Thomcr, Guen., and D. con- ducens,B=P.chalcytoide8,G[\ien. On the following page he described another new genus, Gadera, with two species, O. incitans and G. repellens, both without localities, though ho concluded that G. repellens was Brazilian. As a matter of fact both are natives of Jamaica. Now as P. compressipalpis, from the United States, is the type of Plusiodonta, and differs from all the other species associated with it in its pectinated antenna3, and as the species of Deva and Gadera differ from one another in no character whatever, the bulk of the species of GueneVs genus Plusiodonta fall into Deva, Walker ; whilst the species referred to Deva by Walker, Grote, and myself subsequently, fall into Polyclirysia, Hiibner. The genus Polyclirysia, in my opinion, is a true Plusiid (whereas Deva belongs to the Calpidas) ; it differs from typical Plusia in its enormously developed Deltoid palpi, the terminal article of which is curved, compressed, and tapering, the fringe of scales being elon- gated below the article ; the outer margin of the primaries is usually, but not invariably, subangulated. The genus Polyclirysia will include P. splendida, — Deva splendida, from Japan; P. c- a ureum, = Plusia c-aureum, from Europe; P. mi- Icjdina, — Plusia mikadina, from Japan; P. purpuriyera, = Deva purpuriyera, from the United States; P. moneta, = Plusia mcmeta, from Europe ; and P. palligera,=Deva palliyera, from the United States. Of the above species P. c-aureum and P. milcadina are nearly allied, but the former has the golden marking on the centre of the primaries of a O-shape, whereas that on P. mikadina is comma- shaped, >• ; at the same time it is quite possible that a large series will prove this to be an insufficient distinguishing character. s From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY for July 1892. On the Genus Hypocala, a Group of Noctuid Moths. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. IN the seventh volume of the l Illustrations of Typical Lepi- doptera Heterocera,' p. 76, I pointed out that the species of Hypocala were trimorphic : this fact has led to so much confusion that a revision of the species has become a neces- sity. When once understood the forms of this genus are easily recognizable ; the primaries on the upper surface vary considerably, but always in the same way; the secondaries and the under surface are constant in pattern in all the modi- fications of each species. M. Guene'e, who would never identify an insect from a rough figure, and yet rarely failed to describe every differing form in his possession, however bad the specimen might be, multiplied species unnecessarily. Whether from their rarity or the difficulty of capturing these moths, I do not know, but they seem to come to hand chiefly as individual specimens and at long intervals, so that of several of the species only one, or at most two, of the forms which represent the variations of each type have hitherto found their way to us. Mr. Hocking seems to have been more successful in collecting Hypocala than most men. In his Dharmsala series we obtained all three forms of H. subsatura in the following proportions : — five of the typical form, four of the variety H. aspersa, and four of the variety H. limbata (the last-mentioned having, up to that time, been unrecorded). In the following synopsis I propose to define the species hitherto described with their varieties. In order to avoid repetition in diagnosing the forms it may be premised that any good figure (such, for instance, as that given by M. Guene'e, 1 Koctue'lites,' iii. pi. xiii. fig. 7) will represent the general characteristics in the pattern of the genus, if one allows for the more blurred uniform character of the primaries in the variety which I regard as typical, and the sharply defined but melanic character of the torm which I have characterized as var. b. The secondaries are always ochreous and black above, and the under surface is usually pale ochreous, more or less marked with blackish and greyish. The under surface gives the best characters for the differ- entiation of the species, and therefore I shall make my primary divisions on points of difference to be seen on that surface of the wings. 18 Mr. A. G. Butler on the Genus Hypocala. A. Wings below pale ochreous ; primaries with black discal patch divided by a band of the ground-colour ; secondaries with a black spot at end of cell and an oblique bar from anal angle to second median branch. a. Black patch on primaries broadly divided, leaving only a narrow bar of black on its inner edge ; spot of secondaries small and anal bar very narrow H. clarissima. b. Black patch barely divided by a narrow central bar ; spot of secondaries elongated, anal bar broad H. violacea. B. Wings below ochreous, greyish on costal and apical areas ; primaries with a black discal patch enclosing an ovate transverse ochreous spot ; secondaries with a black spot at end of cell ; an irregular, partly mar- ginal, black band from anal angle to just above lower radial vein, its outer edge interrupted by two spots, that nearest anal angle small and angular H.Jlorens. C. Wings below ochreous, irrorated with purplish grey on costal and apical areas ; primaries with the usual black discal patch represented by two rather broad, abbreviated, parallel, oblique bars ; secondaries with a conspicuous spot at end of cell ; the usual blackish band narrow, irregularly zigzag, broadly expanded at its upper extremity and extending from close to anal angle to second subcostal branch //. deflorata. D. Primaries below almost as in B, but the black patch bounded below by the first median branch ; disco- cellular spot quadrate; the blackish band zigzag, alternately narrow and broad, extending from near anal angle almost to the first subcostal branch. a. Secondaries above chiefly ochreous, much more so than in any other described species H. guttirentris. E. Wings below with cell of primaries and inner two thirds of secondaries bright ochreous, remainder of ground-colour paler ; apical area greyish, the latter and costal border striated with brown atoms ; pri- maries with two broad black bars, converging at their lower extremities. «. Secondaries with a short, oblique, narrow, irregular black bar on the discocellulars ; outer border blackish, shading into brown towards costa, becoming paler on margin towards apex and interrupted towards anal angle by an unequal, angular, ochreous, marginal patch towards anal angle H. andremona. b. Primaries with the black bars broader, almost touching at lower extremities ; the inner bar emitting a broad grey streak below the cell almost to the base ; secondaries with the blackish portion of the outer border broader, emitting a black denticle towards the lower extremity of the discocellular bar, interrupted towards the anal angle by two separate marginal ochreous spots. H. subsatura. Mr. A. G. Butler on the Genus Hypocala. 19 F. Wings below with costal and apical areas smoky prey, the black or blackish bars on the primaries almost united at lower extremity, the outer one diffused ; the black or blackish external belt of secondaries broad, externally and apically diffused, excepting towards anal angle, where it is interrupted by a marginal clavate streak or spot. a. Size of H. andremona, secondaries above with pale ochreous markings ; external black border decreasing towards anal angle, deeply excavated just above the angle //. Moorei. b. The largest known species ; below deep ochreous, the inner black bar of primaries with an external denticle ; discocellular bar of secondaries broad and externally angular ; hind wings above with deep ochreous markings ; external black border very broad before anal angle, moderately excavated just above the angle H. australice. c. Similar to b, but with the whole under surface and the upper surface of the secondaries smoky, obscuring the markings, which are also paler and less defined in themselves If. velans. Of the above species, all of which are represented in the Museum collection, we possess all three varieties of two species only. For the convenience of students of the group I give the following arrangement of the varieties, classified according to the colouring of the primaries, whether uniform, variegated, or bicoloured : — Uniform. H. subsatura. H. dcflorata. H. guttiventris. H. andremona. H. australice. H. velans. H.forem (Mab.). H. clarissima. H, violacea. Variegated. H. aspersa. H. plumicornis. H. lativitta. H. Pierreti. H. Moorei. If. velans. H.Jlorens (Mab. Bicoloured. H. limbata. H. rostrata. H. flvrens (in B. M). It seems probable that the first and second forms (which appear to be inconstant and merge into each other) are one brood, and the very distinct-looking third form another; that they represent in fact either spring and autumn or dry- and wet-season forms of the species. Whether this is so or not can only be proved by breeding, and it is worth the con- sideration of those who have the opportunity of obtaining the eggs or larva;. 20 Mr. A. G. Butler on the Genus Hypocala. List of Species. Hypocala subsatura. cJ. Hypocala subsatura, Guene'e, Noct. Hi. p. 75. n. 1419 (1852). Var. a. Hypocala aspersa, Butler, P. Z. S. 18S3, p. 164. Var. b. Hypocala limbata, Butler, 111. Typ. Lep. Het. vii. p. 76, pi. cxxxi. fig. 13 (1889). Dharmsala, Solun, and Canara. B. M. Hypocala deflorata. Noctua deflorata, Fabricius, Naturf. p. 190, pi. ii. figs. 6, 7. Var. a. Hypocala plumicornis, Guene'e, Noct. iii. p. 75. n. 1420 (1852). Hypocala efflorescens, Guene'e, /. c. p. 77. n. 1423 (1852). Hypocala angulipalpis, Guene'e, /. c. n. 1424 (1852). Var. b. Noctua rostrata, Fabricius, Naturf. p. 197, pi. iv. fig. 4. Madras, N. India, Dharmsala, Nilgiris, Kilima-njaro, Natal. B. M. It is a common form of superstition amongst naturalists to assume that examples of the same species cannot occur both in India and Africa ; M. Guenee was evidently strongly imbued with this opinion. The difference represented by the following words alone serves to separate H. plumicornis and ffflorescens : of the first it is said, " Un seul <$ , qui m'a &£ envoye* comme venant de la Cafrerie : mais cette provenance me laisse quelques doutes." Why? Because in other respects it closely resembled H. efflorescens, of which we read, "Silhet. Coll. Gn. Un £." As for H. angulipalpis, it was based upon a single dwarfed and much rubbed example. Hypocala guttiventris. Hypocala guttiventris, Walker, Lep. Het. xiii. p. 1176. n. 10 (1857). Hypocala tryphcenina, Felder, Reise der Nov., Lep. iv. pi. cxii. fig. 20. Var. a. Hypocala lativitta, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. iii. p. 929 (1865). Moreton Bay and S.E. Australia. Type B. M. Hypocala andremona. Phalcena-Noctua andremona, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 132, pi. ccclviii. figs. C, D (1782). Hypocala filicornis, Guene"e, Noct. iii. p. 76. n. 1421, pi. xiii. fig. 7 (1852). Var. a. Hypocala Pierreti, Guene*e, /. c. p. 77. n. 1425 (1852). Honduras, Amazons, Sao Paulo. B. M. Mr. A. G. Butler on the Genus Hypocala. 21 Hypocala Moorei, sp. n. Var. a. Hypocala efflorescens, var., Walker, Lep. Het. xiii. p. 1175. n. 8 (1852) j Moore, Lep. Ceylon, iii. p. 126, pi. clx. figs. 5, 5 a. Ceylon, Canara, Old Calabar. B. M. This is quite distinct from H. efflorescens of Guene'e. Hypocala australice, sp. n. Secondaries above most like those of H. subsatura, but deeper and brighter in colour, with marginal ochreous spot. » Australia. B. M. Represents H. velans in Australia. Hypocala velans. Var. a. Hypocala velans, Walker, Lep. Het. xiii. p. 1177. n. 11 (1852). Hawaiian Islands. Type B. M. Hypocala florens. Hypocala florens, Mabille, Trans. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1879, p. 324. Madagascar. B. M. M. Mabille describes several forms of this species ; our specimen belongs to the variety with pale inner border to the primaries (var. b of this monograph). Hypocala clarissima, sp n. Differs from H. violacea above in the greater width of its ochreous markings. Ceylon. B. M. This and H. violacea both belong to the typical form of the genus in which the primaries are of a uniform character j both agree in having these wings of a lilacine rufous-brown colour. Hypocala violacea. Hypocala violacea, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1879, p. 6. Cachar and Burmah. Type B. M. Hypocala tennis. Walk., from Sierra Leone, does not appear to me to belong to the genus ; but the description is too poor to enable me to decide the point. Hypocala biarcuata} Walk., from Canara, is either a species 22 Mr. A. G. Butler on the Genus Hypocala. of Audea (Catocalidae) or belongs to a genus allied to Audea ; it has nothing to do with Hypocala. Hypocala latimtta, Moore (said to be nearest to H. "biarcu- ata), is almost certainly a species of Audea ; the porrect beak-like palpi of Hypocala are not shown in the figure, which, on the other hand, gives the impression of their being formed as in Audea. From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY fat- October 1892. Description of a new Genus and Species of African Moths. By A. G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S. &c. 'HE following very remarkable new genus is so aberrant that, although there can be little doubt that it is distantly related to Hypena, no nearly allied form has been recorded ; in the form of its wings it somewhat resembles the males of the Erosiid genus Dirades, with which, however, its structure in no respect corresponds. I propose to name this wonderful novelty, in honour of its zealous and learned owner, HOLLANDIA, gen. nov. Primaries very broad, the costal margin arched at base, very nearly straight (if anything slightly concave) to near apex, where it is again convex, and passes almost imper- ceptibly into the outer margin ; the latter very convex, but forming a nearly straight oblique line from third median branch to external angle, which is rather acute ; inner margin slightly convex. Costal vein extending nearly to apex ; subcostal five-branched, the first branch emitted before the end of the cell, the three following near together at some distance beyond it, the second and third being slightly curved upwards at costal margin, the fifth emitted, with the upper radial, from anterior angle of cell ; lower radial emitted close to the second and third median branches from the posterior angle of the cell. Secondaries comparatively small, with the costal margin widely arched and forming its apex at end of third median branch ; the costal and subcostal veins, which anastomose at base, consequently curving upwards to costal margin j outer margin nearly straight ; abdominal margin obtusely elbowed ; a large sericeous pyriform sexual patch on upper surface crossed by the radial and second and third median branches ; discoidal cell very short, with the disco- celular veinlet transverse and very slightly concave j the 296 On a new Genus and Species of African Moths. radial emitted from the posterior angle of the cell and close to the second and third median branches, which are emitted from a well-defined footstalk ; submedian and internal veins converging at their distal extremities. Body moderately robust ; the abdomen barely extending beyond the anal angle of secondaries in length ; palpi long, compressed and obliquely porrected; the second and third articles being nearly in line, the second expanding from the base forwards, its inferior fringe extending forwards below the third article, which is small and subcuneiform ; antennas delicate and finely ciliated ; legs rather long, the tibia? termi- nating in tufted expansions, those of the third pair of legs with a similar expansion in front of the first pair of spurs ; base of ventral surface of abdomen hollowed and grooved, the surface in front of the excavation being unusually protu- berant. Type H. sigillata. Hollandia sigillata, sp. n. Primaries above with the basal two fifths whitish buff, faintly suffused with lilacine greyish, sparsely dotted with blackish scales, with one or two leaden-grey markings indi- cating an obsolete line beyond its centre, terminated by an irregularly zigzag blackish line which interrupts a pearly blackish-margined < -shaped " reniform stigma," the angle of which is filled by a blackish-edged tawny spot ; two black discoidal dots, one near the base and the other just beyond the middle of the cell ; external area olive-grey, slightly greenish on costal area and otherwise slightly tinted with lilac ; an imperfect oblique, zigzag, bronze-greyish stripe from costal third to just beyond the middle of internal margin; a submarginal cupreous-brown macular stripe commencing with lunate markings which gradually change into oval spots j a black dot within the second lunule and a second near external angle, where the stripe has almost disappeared ; external area and fringe slightly cupreous : secondaries whitish, tinted with pale buff, which in certain lights is shot with pink ; outer two thirds of abdominal area pale greyish buff, black- speckled, traversed by four grey stripes and bounded internally by a streak of pearl- grey spreading along the outer margin ; a large pyriform, sericeous, golden tawny patch enclosing a diffused oval blackish spot on its inner edge : body pale buffish white, the head and tegulas pale buff, speckled with blackish ; collar purplish grey ; palpi brownish. Wings ueiow paler than above, more densely speckled with black : On a new Genus and Species of African Moths. 297 primaries with the internal area to second median branch shining silvery white ; costa crossed by blackish oblique streaks, indicating the commencement of the lines and stripes of the upper surface; submarginal stripe present but more lunulate than above, with an arched series of four black pupils to the costal lunules : secondaries with the basi-abdominal half white, the abdominal areole pearly ; a black spot at end of cell and a group of eight separated by the interno- median fold : body whitish ; tibiae brownish, with darker expansions. Expanse of wings 46 millim. Uab. Gaboon. Type in Coll. Holland. From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, Ser. 6, Vol. x., November 1892. Description of a new Moth of the Genus Anaphe from Madagascar, with a Note on the Natural Position of the Genus. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. THE following new species, together with its long fusiform social cocoon (not unlike that of Hypsoides bipars)t was obtained by the Rev. J. Wills in the forest of East Imerina : — » Anaphe aurea, sp. n. Wings above uniform pale silky golden buff, the males th the basal half of the costal margin slenderly edged with ick ; below, the borders of the wings are more ochraceous than above. Body above testaceous, with the head and collar more or less deeply orange ; antennae and eyes black : body belojv deep ochreous, the inferior edge of the palpi, a few hairs at the front of the pectus, and the tarsi of all the legs black ; the tibiae of the anterior and middle pair black, fringed with ochreous, those of the posterior pair blackish at their distal extremity ; anal tuft of female silvery above, otherwise coffee-brown. Expanse of wings, $ 51, ? 62 millim. Forest of East Imerina, Madagascar. Four males and two females were sent with the cocoon. The position of the genera Anaphe and Hypsoides has long been debated by Lepidopterists. Thus Walker (Lep. Het. iv. p. 856) described Anaphe as a genus of the family Liparidae, whilst Herrich-Schaffer in the same year referred it to the Notodontidae under the generic name Arctiomorpha ; whereas Dr. Boisduval (Voy. de Delegorgue, 1847) seems to have imagined that it was an Arctiid. In his article on Anaphe (Trans. Linn. Soc. 1885) Lord Walsingham speaks of some of its characteristics as shared by Cnethocampa, and M. Mabille, speaking of his genus Ccenostegia (a synonym of Hypsoides], says that it belongs to a special division of Bombyx approaching nearly to the European Cnethocampa (Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1890 (published 1891), p. cxlvi). Mr. G. F. Hampson, who has recently made a careful study of the families of the Lepidoptera, has pointed out to me that under the so-called Lasiocampidae of authors two very distinct families are confounded, one of which (the true Lasiocampidae) has the lower radial vein of the anterior wings emitted from the posterior angle of the cell ; the other (Eupterotidse, Hampson) emits this vein from the centre of 399 Mr. A. G. Butler on a new Moth. the discocellular veinlet. The Eupterotidae moreover can at once be distinguished from the Lasiocampidae by the important character of their well-developed frenulum, this being entirely absent in the Lasiocampidae. The larvae of the Lasiocampidae are densely hairy, often with long thick tufts directed forwards on either side of the head, or backwards from the anal segment, as in the Liparidae (to which Mr. Hampson considers them allied) ; whereas the larvae of the Eupterotidae are more Arctiid in character, such hairs as there are, whether few or many, being chiefly emitted in tufts from wart-like excrescences. There can be no doubt whatever, from the entire structure of the moths and the character of their larvae, that Anaphe and Bypsoides must be placed in the family Eupterotidae of Hampson. From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, Ser. 6, Vol. xi., May 1893. Notes on the Genus A crony eta of Authors and its Position in the Classification of Heterocerous Lepidoptera. By A. G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. IN the ' Transactions of the Entomological Society ' for 1879 I proposed (pp. 313-317) to break up the old genus Aero- nycta and distribute it, chiefly on account of its very distinctive larval characters, amongst the various families of Bombyces &c. to which the peculiarities of the larvae seemed to show affinity. It must^ however, be borne in mind that my con- clusions were based chiefly upon the larvse of the British species and the published illustrations of Abbot ; nevertheless I examined the neuration of the species in each group, com- paring it with that of each of the families to which the larval types seemed to point. Unfortunately, at the time when I wrote my paper the importance of the position of certain veins in the wings of moths, as having more than generic value, was not so fully appreciated as at the present time ; therefore, although 1 correctly represented the venation of the Notodontidge, I failed to see that the position of the median branches and lower radial of the primaries in that family precluded the possi- bility of any Acronycta being regarded as even remotely allied to it. On the other hand, it is now known that the Liparidse and Arctiidse are much more nearly related to the Noctuae than was formerly supposed ; so that the similarity in neuration is by no means surprising, nor is there any reason why larval characters found in the former should not also occur in a genus of Noctuse. A recent study of the transformations of Acronycta in Abbot's unpublished volumes has now clearly shown that the differences in the clothing and outline of the larvse charac- teristic of the Bombycid families already referred to occur in various species of the same group in Acronycta^ and so are valueless as indicative of their affinities. 1 am therefore obliged to renounce my former opinion and admit that Acronycta is in truth a genus of Noctua3, probably nearest allied to Polia. The sections into which Acronycta has been divided may still be used (as having the value of numerals only) to indicate the near affinities of the species; and, as the Museum series is represented by nearly eighty species, I propose to indicate them below. I must, however, first point out that Acronycta simplex of Walker is Xylomyges crucialis of Harvey, and 397 Mr. A. G. Butler on the Genus Acronycta. that Hadena externa of Walker (which I formerly placed in Tricena) is probably a very worn and stained specimen of BryopMla muralis, Forst. ; its neuration certainly corre- sponds closely with that of Bryophila, and such markings as can be traced are also found in B. muralis. I have failed to recognize Acronycta declarata, Walk., A. telum, interrupta, and pachycephala, Guen. ; though the description of A. inter- rupta is rather suggestive of A. vinnula, Grote, the absence of the illustration upon which M. Guenee based it from the Museum collection of drawings prevents its being satisfactorily identified. Possibly A. telum and pachycephala may be known to our American friends ; but we possess no specimens so labelled. Grote's group Merolonche seems to me to be far more distinct than the other sections of Acronycta and may perhaps prove to have generic value, the thicker antennae of the males and the well-developed lateral anal tufts, combined with the regular fasciated character of the markings, should, I think, have some significance. A. lithospila^ Grote, appears to me to be closely allied to the European Scotochrosta pulla, and cannot, I think, be an Acronycta ; nor can I believe that A. lanceolaria and insolita, Grote, should be widely separated from the latter or from Cucullia. I therefore admit Eulonche, for these two species, as a genus. One or two of the American species which have been wrongly identified I shall be obliged to rename. ACEONYCTA (Acronicta, sic, Ochs.). Typical Section. 1. A. leporina, Linn., and var. Iradyporina, Treit. Europe. *2. A. felina, Grote. United States. 3. A. lepusculina, Guen., and var. populiy Riley. Hudson's B$y &c. *4. A. instia, Walk. United States and Canada. *5. A. innotata, Guen. New York, Hudson's Bay, Canada, &c. Of the above we possess the types of 2, 4, and 5. To save trouble I shall indicate all species of which we possess the type specimens by an asterisk. Mr. A. G. Butler on the Genus Acronycta. 398 Section MEGACRONYCTA, Grote. 1. A. americana, Harris. A. acericola ?, Guen. New York and Foo- chow. *2. A. dactylina.) Grote. United States. 3. A. hastuli/erdj Sm. Abb. -*(£. A. contacta, Walk. New York and Hudson's Bay. In the Grote collection an example of A. americana was labelled A. hastulifera] but the figure corresponds far more closely with a female recognized as the latter and labelled by M. Guenee. We have a fourth species of this group from Ichang f. Section ABCTOMYSCIS, Hiibn. 1. A. aceriSj Linn. Switzerland, Christiania, Li- vonia, &c. 2. A. dbscondita, Treit. North Germany, Hungary. 3. A. euphrasice, Esper. Sicily, Russia. 4. A. euphorbia, Gmel. Switzerland, Germany, &c. *5. A. sperata, Grote. New York. *6. A. tota, Grote. Texas. No. 6 is so much nearer to the dark variety of A. aceris than to any species of the section Tricena, that I have without hesitation placed it here. Section APATELA, Grote (APATEL^J, part., Hiibn.). 1. A. herculesj Feld. Yokohama and Tokio. 2. A. rubricoma, Guen. Philadelphia and Texas. 3. A. luteicomaj Grote. Kansas. *4. A. pattidicoma, Grote. Illinois. *5. A. impressa. Walk. A. fasciata, Walk., and Verrillii, Grote. A. brumosa, Grote (not Guen.). Hudson's Bay &c. t I hesitate to describe the latter, Messrs. Leech and Oberthiir having done so much work in the Chinese fauna of late years as to render such a course risky. 399 Mr. A. G. Butler on the Genus Acronycta. *6. A. distansy Grote. United States. 7. A. megacephala, Schiff. Zurich, Frankfort, &c. 8. A. noctivaga, Grote. New York and Canada. 9. A. superans, Guen. New York and Canada. *10. ? . A. brumosa, Guen. cf. A. longa?, Guen. * ? . A. persuasa, Harv. Florida and Yoko- hama. *11. A. perdita, Grote. Sanzalito. 12. A. afflicta, Grote. A. brumosa, var., Guen. Florida. 13. A . xyliniformis, Guen. Khode Island, Florida, &c. *14. A. fxtricata, Grote. Texas? (locality not on labels). 15. A. oblinita^ Sm. Abb. New York, Ohio, Nova Scotia, Canada, &c. Section LEPITOBEUMA, Grote. 1. A. rumicis, Linn. A. diffusa, Walk. Zurich, Brussa, Turkey Ichang, Japan. 2. A. teucoptera, Butl. Yokohama. 3. A. impleta. Walk. A. subochrea, Grote (on label and in Check- List, p. 23. n. 66). New York. In Grote's Eevised Check-List the author (p. 4) states that there is no such species as A. subochrea. If this is the case, how did he come to label one specimen as his type of that species, a second specimen as also "Apatela subochrea} Grote," and to include it in his Check-List of 1882 ? It may not be a distinct species from the following, but it is certain that at one time it was so regarded by Grote. *4. A. hamamelis, Guen. United States. Our example is evidently a co-type, though not mentioned by Guenee, since it still bears his label ; probably as it has no abdomen he thought it not worth recording under the description. *5. A. hcesitata, Grote. United States. Mr. A. G. Butler on the Genus Acronycta. 400 *6. A. dentata, Grote. United States. *7. A. increta, Grote. New York. *8. A. dissecta, Grote. Philadelphia, New York, Kansas. *9. A. darescens, Guen. Trenton Falls, New York, Nova Scotia. *10. A. modica, Walk. *A. exilis, Grote. New York and Texas. . A. spinigera, Guen. *A. Harveyana, Grote. New York. *12. A. ovata, Grote. Texas. *13. A. alborufa, Grote. New York. *14. A. grisea, Walk. Hudson's Bay. Section PHARETBA, Hiibn. 1. A. auricomci) Schiff. Zurich, Livonia, &c. 2. A. orientalis, Mann. Bithynia. 3. A.menyanthidis^iQw. St. Petersburg, Berlin, &c. Section TBI^NA, Hiibn. 1. A. psiy Linn. Kegensburg &c. *2. A. increta, Butl. Yokohama. 3. A. tridenSj Gmel. Frankfort &c. *4. A. leucocuspiSj Butl. Yokohama and N. China. *5. (J . A . lobelice, Guen. * ? . A. thoracica, Grote. New York. 6. A. Grotei, sp. n. A. lobelias, Grote (not Guen.). Half as large again as A. lobelice, the longitudinal black streaks on the primaries slightly more elongated, but all the markings very similar : secondaries decidedly darker, with more golden gloss, the grey markings also darker. Expanse of wings, $ ? 56 millim. (one dwarfed male 47 millim.). New York and Kansas. It is possible that this may be no more than a large dark form of M. GueneVs species; but it is clear that it is not so regarded in America, and therefore I name it. 401 Mr. A. G. Butler on the Genus Acronycta. 7. A.furcifera,) Guen. New York. 8. A. cuspiSj Treit. Germany. 9. A. maxima j Moore. Kiilii and Murree. *10. A. ancedina, Butl. Hakodate and Tokio. 11. A. vinnula, Grote. New Jersey. 12. A. Smithii, sp. n. A. clarescens, Grote (not Guen.). Primaries above chalky white, irrorated and clouded with sandy greyish or yellowish and grey mixed, somewhat after the manner of A. moruta; the submedian basal black streak has somewhat the character of that of the true A. clarescens, only it is more elongated, sharply defined, and its upper margin is regularly tridentate; the reniform and orbicular spots are narrowly black-edged ; the twin discal or post- median lines are sigmoidal and dentate-sinuate, the outer line being partly black ; the subapical longitudinal dash is vague and diffused, and the dagger- mark has a brown background, which gives it a blurred appearance ; in other respects the species is like A.furci/era, the male having whitish and the female more or less golden-brown secondaries with the usual markings. Expanse of wings 40-45 millim. New York and Kansas. . A. pauperata, Grote. United States. 14. A. occidentals, Grote. Rhode Island, New York, Buffalo, Kansas. " A. furcifera, Pack." (not Guen.), on Zeller specimen. 15. A. morula, Grote. New York and Canada. *16. A.falcula, Grote. United States. *17. A. parallela, Grote. Colorado. *18. A. Radcliffeij Grote. New York and Vancouver. 19. A. tritona, Hiibn. New York and Florida. 20. A. hasta, Guen. "Amherst" (United States or Canada?). . A. quadrata, Grote. Kansas. Section HYBOMA, Hiibn. 1. A. strigosa, Fabr. N. Eussia, Livonia, &c. Mr. A. G. Butler on the Genus Acronycta. 402 *2. A. nigrivitta, Haraps. Nilgiris. 3. A. divisa,) Moore. Dharmsala. » Section JOCHEJERA, Hiibn. 1. A. alm'j Linn. Ausbach, Livonia, &c. *2. A. connecta, Grote. New York. We also have a pretty species from Madagascar. It has probably been named by Herr Saalmiiller or M. Mabille ; but at present I cannot spare the time to look it up. Grote's A. faneralis is unknown to me, but (if confounded with A. americana) can hardly belong to the section Jochecera. Section MASTIPHANES, Grote. *1. A. denticulate/,, Moore. Dharmsala and Sabathu. *2. A. edolatctj Grote. Arizona. Section MEROLONCHE, Grote. *1. A. spineaj Grote. California. 2. A. Lupinij Behr. Mendocino. It is possible that one or two of the Japanese and Chinese forms enumerated above may be synonymous with species described from East Siberia ; but the illustrations to the ' Lepidopteren Ost-Sibiriens ' and l Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande 7 are so poor that, without seeing examples from the Amur, it would not be possible to be certain of the identity of the species, in a genus containing so many closely related forms. From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, Ser. 6, Vol. xii., .7% 1893. on tJie Genus Entomogramma as represented by the Noctuid Moths of that Group in the Collection of the British Museum. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. WHEN he founded the genus Entomogramma , M. Guenee separated the species under distinct groups in consequence of their different antennal structure ; indeed, no two species of the genus as originally constituted are quite alike in their male characters, and one of them was considered by Mr. Moore to be so dissimilar that he made it the type of a new genus. The latter, however, has no higher claim than the others to be so distinguished ; and as it would be neces- sary for the sake of consistency to found a separate genus for every species of the original group, provided that the secon- dary sexual characters were taken into account, it seems preferable to regard them, as Guenee did, merely as sections of one variable genus* The practical common sense of this mode of procedure being admitted, Mr. Hampson has called my attention to the fact that various other species, differing only from typical Entomogramma (in the variability of the same organs in the male sex) in a similar though somewhat different manner, have been wrongly described in the genera Thermesia, Phurys, &c. By adding these to Entomogramma I find that a tole- rably gradational series is formed, evidently related throughout. The species of Entomogramma in the Museum series thus resolve themselves into eight sections, each of which differs somewhat from all the others in its male structure, whilst that of the female remains almost the same, excepting in the case of section #, where the female is the modified sex. These sections will now stand as follows :— ENTOMOGRAMMA, Guen. Section a. TARAMINA, Moore. Males with basal third of antennae dilated, outer two thirds 44 Mr. A. G. Butler on the Genus Entomogramma. pectinated, inner two thirds with short fine deflexed ciliations ; basal area of primaries and basi- internal area of secondaries below densely clothed with hair ; femora and tibiae also densely hairy. Entomogramma torsa. Entomogramma torsa, Guene"e, Noct. iii. p. 204. n. 1605 (1852). Java, Ceylon, Nilgiris, N. India. Type in Coll. B. M. Section b. Antennae dilated as in Section a, but biseriate-denticulated and fasciculated ; under surface of wings much less hairy ; legs quite different, the anterior pair emitting a large fan- shaped pencil of hair at the origin of the femur, the latter with a short fringe below, the tibia thickly covered at the bacK with appressed hairy tufts ; remaining legs not hairy, the middle tibiae coarsely scaled in front and spiny, the posterior tibiae spiny. Entomogramma pardus. Entomogramma pardus, Guene"e, Noct. iii. p. 205. n. 1606 (1852). Hypopyra anteponens, Walker, Lep. Het. xiv. p. 1323. n. 2 (1857). Remigia venusta, Walker, /. c. Suppl. iii. p. 1011 (1865). S. Africa, Natal, Delagoa Bay, Sierra Leone. B. M. Section c. Antennae very slightly dilated towards the base, with coarse biseriate ciliations, hardly amounting to denticulation ; the legs rather more spiny than in Section b. Entomogramma mediocris. Entomogramma mediocris, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. iii. p. 949 (1865). Remigia decora, Walker, I c. p. 1015 (1865). Remigia antica, Walker, /. c. p. 1016 (1865). South India. Types in Coll. B. M. Section d. Antennae regularly ciliated in the male, front and hind legs densely hairy. Entomogramma fautrix. Entomogramma fautrix, Guene"e, Noct. iii. p. 204. n. 1604 (1852). Silhet, Sikkim, Mussoorie, Kangra, Khasia Hills, Nilgiris, Andamans. Type in Coll. B. M. Mr. A. G. Butler on the, Genus Entomogramma. 45 Section e. Antennae ? The female with all the tibiae fringed exter- nally ; second joint of palpi elongated, thickly fringed with dense scales at the back. Entomogramma subcostalis. Thermesia subcostalis, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. iii. p. 1059 (1865). Moulmein. Type in Coll. B. M. Entomogramma ussuriensis. Remigia ussuriensis, Bremer, Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. iii. p. 587. Japan. In Coll. B. M. Section/. Second joint of palpi arched at the back, but not densely fringed as in Section e. Antennae of male with short delicate ciliations; legs almost naked, the front and middle tibia? alone being partly fringed with hair externally. Entomogramma nigriceps. $ . Renodes nigriceps (as rf ), Walker, Lep. Het. xv. p. 1595. n. 6 (1858). rf . Herminia? nigrifrorttalis (as $ ), Walker, /. c. xvi. p. 258 (1858). Aden, Abyssinia, Sierra Leone, Natal, South Africa. Types in Coll. B. M. Var. pallidula. Renodes pallidula, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1875, vol. xvi. p. 409. n. 91. Natal. Type in Coll. B. M. Entomogramma melanocephala. Poaphila melanocephala, Hampson, 111. Typ. Lep. Het. viii. p. 82, pi. cxlvi. fig. 9 (1891). Var. Poapkila marmorea, Hampson, I. c. fig. 7 (1891). Nilgiris. Types in Coll. B. M. Entomogramma fuscescens. Thermesia fuscescens, Walker, Lep. Het. Suppl. iii. p. 1054 (1865). Thermesia obumbrata, Walker, I. c. Thermesia morosa, Walker, /. c. p. 1055 (1865). Scambina ? larvata, Walker, 1. c. p. 1119 (1865). Natal (Gueinzius). Types in Coll. B. M. 46 Mr. A. (jr. Butler on the Genus Entomogramma. Entomogramma enervis. Phurys enervis, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 2.31. n. 352, pi. viil- fig. 8. Kangoon. Type in Coll. B. M. Section g. Female with the second joint of the palpi broadly fringed both in front and at the back with compressed hair-scales, giving it a wedge-shaped form. Entomogramma obliqua. Phurys obliqua, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 80. Burma and Sikkim. In Coll. B. M. Section h. Second joint of palpi in male broadly fringed and com- pressed. Entomogramma oblita. Thermesia oblita, Moore, Descf, Ind. Lep. Atk. ii. p. 1?6 (1882). Khasia Hills and Chinn Hills. In Coll. B. M. Mr. Hampson also refers the Thermesia rivulosa of Walker to Entomogramma ; but I think it differs so considerably as hardly to warrant its being considered a section of this genus* Both sexes have the third joint of the palpi extremely short, much more so even than in E. pardus ; the legs are rather more hairy than in Sections f and g ; the antennae of the male are densely but finely fringed on the inside with short ciliations, and at regular intervals emit single longer hairs on both sides ; the secondaries of this sex also have the abdo- minal border expanded and broadly fringed with long hair towards the base. The button-like third joint of the palpi in t h sexes redeems this genus from the charge of being based solely on secondary sexual characters, and therefore I propose to call it Blasticorhinus. From the AXXALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, Ser. 6, Vol. xil, Jufi/ IS!):;. t of Insects collected by Miss Elizabeth Taylor in Western North America in the Summer of 1892. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c., and W. F. KIRBY, F.L.S., F.E.S., &c. LEPIDOPTERA. By A. G. BUTLER. MOST of the species recorded in the following list were obtained on the Slave Eiver in the months of June and July. The collection is of interest as extending our knowledge of the range of species hitherto received from the Rocky Mountains, California, &c. Two species are described as new to science. Of BUTTERFLIES twenty-three species are in the collection, of which ten belong to the Nymphalidas, four to the Lycsenidae, six to the Papilionidae, and three to the Hesperiida3. 1. Anosia plexippus. Papilio plexippus, Linnaeus, Mus. Lud. Ulr, p. 262 (1764). ? . Winnipeg, Manitoba, llth September. 12 Messrs. A. G. Butler and W. F. Kirby on 2. Limenitis arthemis. Papilio arthemis, Drury, 111. Exot. Ent. ii. pi. x. figs. 3, 4 (1773). Fort Simpson, Mackenzie River, 9th July, and Fort Good Hope, 18th July. 3. Aryynnis atlantis. Argynnis atlantis, Edwards, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1862, p. 54 ; Butt. N. Amer., Arg. pi. v. (1868). Fort MacMurray, Athabasca River, 17th August. 4. jBrenthis myrina. Papilio myrina, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pi. clxxxix. B, C (1779). Rapids of the Drowned, Slave Eiver, 1st July, and Fort Good Hope, 18th July. 5. Brenthis freja. Papilio freja, Thunberg, Diss. Ins. Suec. ii. p. 34, pi. v. fig. 14 (1791). Fort Good Hope, 18th July. We have this species in the Museum from Repulse Bay. 6. Brenthis bellona. Papilio bellona, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 517. n. 317 (1775). Rapids of the Drowned, 29th June. 7. Phyciodes morpheus. Papilio morpheus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 529. n. 370 (1775). Rapids of the Drowned, 29th June. 8. Phyciodes gorgone. Dryas reticulata gorgone, Hiibner, Samml. exot. Schmett. vol. i. pi. xl. (1806-16). Rapids of the Drowned, 28th June. 9. (Eneis bore. Papilio bore, Esper, Eur. Schmett. i. 2, pi. c. fig. 1, pi. cviii. fig. 1 (1790). Rapids of the Drowned, 28th June. 10. Coenonympha inornata. nata, Edwards, P Carberry, Western Manitoba. Ccenonympha inornata, Edwards, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1861, p. 163. North- American Insects. 13 11. Everes comyntas. Polyommatus comyntas, Godart, Enc. Me"th. ix. p. 660. n. 147 (1823). Kapids of the Drowned, 29th June. 12. Cupido lyg damns. Polyommatus lygdamus, Doubleday, Entomologist, i. p. 209 (1842). Athabasca River, 5th June. 13. Plebeius podarce. Lyccena podarce, Felder, Reise der Nov., Lep. ii p. 282. n. 359, pi. xxxv. figs. 22, 23 (1865). Kapids of the Drowned, 1st July. 14. Plebeius Scudderi. Lycana Scudderi, Edwards, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861, p. 164. East bank of the Mackenzie River, 30 miles north of the Arctic circle, 18th July. 15. Colias occidentalism Coitus occidentalism Scudder, Proc. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc. ix. p. 109 (1862). ? var. ? Carberry, Western Manitoba. This specimen has an orange flush on the primaries and is not unlike some females of C. ariadne excepting in its superior size. 16. Colias interior ? Colias interior, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc. ix. p. 108 (1862). .? . Fort Good Hope, Mackenzie River, 18th July. It is quite possible that I have failed rightly to identify the two preceding females of Colias ; in fact 1 do not believe that anyone but Mr. W. H. Edwards could form any definite opinion respecting them. 17. Ganoris hulda. Pieris hulda, Edwards, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ii. p. 370 (1870). Rapids of the Drowned, 29th and 30th June ; Pulo River, 31 miles south-west of the Mackenzie Delta, 15th July. We have specimens of this species in the Museum from British Colombia. 18. Ganoris pallida. Pieris pallida, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc. viii. p. 183 (1861). Winnipeg, Manitoba, llth September. 14 Messrs. A. G. Butler and W. F. Kirby on 19. Euchloe simplonia. Pontia simplonia, Freyer, Beitr. Schmett. ii. pi. Ixxiii. fig. 2 (1829). Rapids of the Drowned, 29th June. A second example of this species was in the " Zeller " collection from Colorado labelled Anth. lanceolata. We have no authenticated E. lanceolata, Boisd., in our collection ; but the species so labelled is identical with E. simplonia. From E. ausonides, to which it is closely allied, it differs chiefly in its inferior size and the smaller and narrower white markings on under surface of secondaries. 20. Papilio turnus. Papilio turnus, Linneus, Mant. Plant, p. 536 (1771). Banks of Athabasca River, 3rd June ; Rapids of the Drowned, Slave River, 26th and 27th June and 1st July. 21. Erynnis Colorado. Pamphila Colorado, Scudder, Mem. Bost. Soc. ii. p. 349, pi. x. figs. 16- 18, pi. xi. figs. 1, 2 (1874). £ $ . Rapids of the Drowned, 29th and 30th June. 22. Adopoea, ?sp. A single somewhat broken and headless example of a species apparently allied to A. hylas, Edw., but with the ground-colour of the wings almost black. Carberry, Western Manitoba. 23. Thanaos martialis. Nisoniades martialis, Scudder and Burgess, Proc. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc. xiii. p. 291, fig. 5 (1870). Rapids of the Drowned, 29th June. Of MOTHS twenty-two species were obtained, of which one is a Sphingid, four are Noctuse, and the remainder Geometrse ; of these the Noctuae are the most interesting and are, fortu- nately, in the best condition. 24. Hemaris buffaloensis. iloensis, Grote and Robins< p. 437, pi. xvi. figs. 18, 19 ( Banks of the Slave River, 26th June. Hcemorrhagia buffaloensis, Grote and Robinson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist New York, viii. p. 437, pi. xvi. figs. 18, 19 (1867). North- American Insects. 15 25. Acronycta lepusculina. Acronycta lepusculina, Guenee, Noct. i. p. 46. n. 55 (1852). Fort Good Hope, Mackenzie River, near the Arctic circle, 18th July. 26. Syneda petricola. Euclidia petricola, Walker, Lep. Het. xiv. p. 1462. n. 8 (1857). Rapids of the Drowned, 1st July. The type of this species was from the Rocky Mountains. It is like a small pale form of S. divergens, Behr., and the markings of the secondaries vary in the same way, the comma- shaped discocellular black dash being either isolated or con- nected by a bar to the submarginal band. 27. Euclidia annexa. Euclidia annexa, H. Edwards, Entom. Amer. vi. p. 115 (1890). Banks of the Slave River, 26th June ; Rapids of the Drowned, 28th June and 1st July. The type specimen and others collected with it were obtained in Oregon by Lord Walsingharn. 28. Euclidia cuspidea. Drasteria cuspidea, Hiibner, Samml. exot. Schmett. Zutr. i. p 16 n 35 figs. 69, 70. Banks of the Slave River, 26th June ; Rapids of the Drowned, 30th June. 29. Metrocampa perlata. Melrocampa perlata, Guen^e, Phal. i. p. 128. n. 197. Fort Good Hope, Mackenzie River, 18th July. 30. Cosymbia pendulinaria. EpTiyra pendulinaria, Guen£e, Phal. i. p. 414. n. 674. Rapids of the Drowned, 2nd July. 31. Deilinia exanthemata. Phalcena exanthemata, Scopoli, Ent. Cam. p. 218. n. 542. Fort Resolution, Great Slave Lake, in a marsh, at 2 P.M. on the 7th July, and at 11.15 P.M. on the 9th July. The specimens differ in no respect from European examples ; they do, however, differ somewhat from the allied D. erythemaria of the United States. 16 Messrs. A. G. Butler and W. F. Kirby on 32. Deilinia variolaria. Cabera variolaria, Guen^e, Phal. ii. p. 56. n. 987. Fort Good Hope, Mackenzie River, 18th July. 33. Physostegania lineata. Physostegania lineata, Warren in litt. Rapids of the Drowned, 4th July at 11.30 P.M. This being a common Californian species, it is hardly probable that it can have been overlooked by American describers, and therefore I give the name for what it is worth without diagnosis. The single example obtained is much worn, but quite recognizable. 34. Thamnonoma marcescaria. Halia marcescaria, Guenee, Phal. ii. p. 92. n. 1067. $ ? Rapids of the Drowned, 4th July, at 11.30 P.M. I believe this to be the female of T. marcescaria^ but as we only possess one male of the species, it is difficult to decide the point. The two insects differ in slight details of pattern, which are probably of not more than sexual significance. 35. Thamnonoma brunneata. Phalcena brunneata, Thunberg, Diss. Ent. i. p. 9 (1784). Fort Good Hope, Mackenzie River, 18th July. I feel very doubtful respecting the identity of the uniformly coloured American species with the sharply lined European species; but, seeing that Dr. Packard, in his Monograph, calls the New- World form T. brunneata} I abstain from separating it without abundant material to prove its dis- tinctness. 36. Thamnonoma gracilior^ sp. n. Allied to T. brunneata, but smaller and more slender ; ferruginous; the basal area, especially of the secondaries, irrorated with blackish grey up to the median shade ; the latter narrow, dusky, dentate-sinuate on the primaries and arched on the secondaries, where it is impinged upon by a more or less denned blackish lunule on the discocellulars ; postmedian line blackish, sinuous, almost bracket-shaped on the primaries, limiting the external area, which is densely irrorated with blackish grey (leaving the outer borders clear in the female) ; the secondaries of the male are moreover more or less densely irrorated throughout ; marginal line North- American Insects. 17 slender, black ; fringe tawny ferruginous ; body of the male above blackish, the anal extremity with tawny bands Wings below clear tawny, with blackish markings, the median shade represented by an imperfect arched line, interrupted in the male by black discocellular stigmata ; postmedian line regu- larly dentate-sinuate ; marginal line black as above : pri- maries with traces of the subbasal line. Body below dark 'grey, sprinkled with tawny scales ; the centre and anal segments pale tawny ; legs creamy white. Expanse of wings, $ 25, ? 24 millim. c?. Rapids of the Drowned, Slave River, 1st July; ? . Pulo River,, near Mackenzie Delta, 15th July. I have failed to discover any published description of this very distinct species, and therefore have ventured to name it. 37. Tephrinctj sp. I have not discovered any name for this species, but we have a fair series of it in the Museum from the Dalles and Rouge River, collected by Lord Walsingham. It is there- fore quite possible that Mr. H. Edwards may have described it in one of his numerous papers on Californian Lepidoptera. Rapids of the Drowned, 4th July. 38. Tephrma, sp. A pair of an obscure little species in not very good con- dition, the female headless. $ . Pulo River, near Mackenzie Delta, July 15th ; ? . Fort Good Hope, Mackenzie River, near the Arctic circle, July 18th. 39. Coremia, ? sp. A worn male specimen, for which I have failed to find a name, from Fort Good Hope, July 18th. 40. Odezia albovittata. Odezia albovittata, Guei^e, Phal. ii. p. 520. n. 1757. Athabasca River, 17th and 20th June. 41. Eutype gothicata. Melanippe gothicata, Guenee. Phal. ii. p. 388. n. 1521. Rapids of the Drowned, 26th June. IS Messrs. A. G. Butler and W. F. Kirby on 42. Eutype obductata. Cidaria obductata, Moeschler, Wien. ent. Monatschr. 1860, p. 374, pi. x. fig. 3. Pulo River, near Mackenzie Delta, 15th July. PSEUDOSIONA, gen. nov. Form of wings and short palpi as in Siona ; pattern and neuration similar to Eubolia, the subcostal branches of secondaries (veins 6 and 7) being emitted separately ; dis- coidal cell much longer. Type Pseudosiona Taylori. 43. Pseudosiona Taylori^ sp. n. Greyish white ; the wings being white, densely irrorated with grey, with a darker spot on the upper discocellulars and an oblique stripe of grey from costa near apex to inner margin on all the wings ; vertex of head and base of abdomen whiter than the remainder of the body. The under surface is whiter, the irrorations less numerous but darker, the markings also darker and browner j legs brownish ; venter indistinctly zoned with grey. Expanse of wings 35 millim. Pulo River, near Mackenzie E-iver, 15th July, 1892. 44. Ochyria desiqnata. a j Phalcena designata, Hufnagel, Berl. Mon. iv. p. 612. Rapids of the Drowned, 1st July. 45. Larentia incur sata. Geometra incursata, Hiibner, Eur. Schmett. Geom. fig. 351. Rapids of the Drowned, 1st July. COLEOPTERA. Of the two Coleoptera obtained by Miss Taylor, Mr. C. 0. Waterhouse has given me the following note : — " A single specimen of one of the Elateridse — Corymbites — very near C. ceripennis, Kir by, but with rather longer elytra ; possibly distinct. I have not, however, material to enable me to determine it at present. This was taken at the Great Rapids, Athabasca River, on June 9th, 1892. " The other is Upis ceramboides, L., which has a wide geographical range, occurring in Saskatchewan &c. This was taken on the banks of the Slave River, June 6tV North- American Insects. 19 HYMENOPTERA, RHYNCHOTA, NEUROPTERA, AND ORTHOPTERA. By W. F. KIRBY. Only a few species of these orders were obtained, and in most cases only single specimens. Some of these belong to well-known and widely distributed North-American species ; but several of the remainder belong to imperfectly studied groups, in which the genera only can be determined with certainty from the materials before us. Most of the specimens were taken at Carberry, Western Manitoba, on August 4, 1892. HYMENOPTERA. 1. Nematus erythrogaster (?). Nematus erythrogaster, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. iii. p. 8 (1864) ; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. i. p. 205 (1867). Carberry, Aug. 4, 1892. Norton's species is recorded from the United States and Canada. His type was from Massachusetts. 2. Sirex albicornis. Sirex albicornis, Fabr. Spec. Ins. i. p. 419. n. 9 (1781). Carberry, Aug. 4, 1892. Widely distributed throughout the northern part of North America, being met with from Newfoundland to Vancouver's Island. 3. Sirex bizonatus. Sirex bizonatus, Steph. 111. Brit. Ent.. Mand. vii. p. 114, pi. xxxvi. fig. 2 (1835). Carberry, Aug. 4, 1892 ; Athabasca River, Aug. 15, 1892. As common and widely distributed a species as the last. 4. Ichneumon, sp. Carberry, Aug. 4, 1892. 5. Mesoleptus, sp. Carberry, Aug. 4, 1892. 6. Mimesa borealis. Mimesa borealis, Pack. Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. vi. p. 408 (1867). Carberry, Aug. 4, 1892. Described by Packard from Canada. This species will 20 Mr. W. F. Kirby on ultimately require a new name, unless it has already been redescribed in America, as it is quite distinct from M. borealis, Smith, a black insect from Labuan, with which Dr. Packard has confounded it. 7. Vespa maculata. Vespa maculata, Linn. Amcen. Acad. vi. p. 412. n. 91 (1764). Slave River. The commonest of the North- American wasps, and very distinct from any European species. 8. Ccelioxys, sp. Carberry, Aug. 4, 1892. RHYNCHOTA. 1. Rhyparochromus, sp. Carberry, Aug. 4, 1892. 2. Cicada pruinosa. Cicada pruinosa, Say, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. iv. p. 330 (1825). Carberry, Aug. 4, 1892. A common North- American species. 3. Grlossonotus, sp. Carberry, Aug. 4, 1892. NEUROPTERA. 1. Enallagma boreale. Enattagma boreale, De Selys, Ent. Mo. Mag. xi. p. 242 (1875). Rapids of the Drowned, June 29, 1892. Described by De Selys from Newfoundland. 2. Pteronarcys proteus. Pteronarcys proteus, Newm. Ent. Mag. v. p. 177 J1838). Grand Rapids, Athabasca River, June 6, 1892. The specimens in the British Museum are from New York and Mackenzie River. 3. Isogenus frontalis. Isogenus frontalis, Newm. Ent. Mag. v. p. 178 (1838). Grand Rapids, Athabasca River, June 10, 1892. North- American Insects. 21 Recorded from Trenton Falls, New York, and St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. 4. Limnophilus, sp. Carberry, Aug. 4, 1892. ORTHOPTERA. 1. Arphia sulphur ea. Gryllus sulphureus, Fabr. Spec. Ins. i. p. 369. n. 39 (1781). Carberry, Aug. 4, 1892. A common North-American species. 2. Stenobothrus, sp. Carberry, July 11 and Aug. 4, 1892. From the AXNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, Ser. 6, Vol. xii., September 1893. On a small Collection of Lepidoptera from Darwin Harbour, Falkland Islands. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, Ph.D., F.L.S , F.Z.S., &c. THE little series of Lepidoptera of which the folio wing is an account was obtained by Dr. W. F. Dale, and sent to Mr. J. Hartley Durrant, who forwarded it to me with the request that I would name it. The collection contains ten species represented by about forty specimens, and is interesting as a contribution to a little- known fauna. So far as I can judge, it seems to show greater affinity to that of Chili than to any other. 1. Argynnis siga. Argynnis siga, Hiibner, Samml. exot. Schmett. Zutr. figs. 677, 678 (1832). One example. This is the only butterfly in the collection. No Sphinges or Bombyces were obtained ; indeed, the most largely repre- sented tribe was the Noctuites. 2. Agrotis hispidula. Agrotis hispidula, Guem§e, Noct. i. p. 293. n. 476 (1852). Five examples of this somewhat variable species ; it was originally described from Chili. 3. Agrotis Dalei, sp. n. This insect has somewhat the aspect of a Nonagria j it has, however, very coarsely spined tibige and the antennae are strongly pectinated, each pecten being finely ciliated on each side. Primaries above pale sericeous buff (almost dead gold in tint) ; costal half sparsely, irregularly, but distinctly speckled with black ; a curved discal series of similar black flecks from near costa almost to inner margin beyond the cell ; I a few fine scattered black dots near outer margin and a well- defined marginal series ; fringe of inner and outer margins pale cupreous or rufous-brown, traversed by two grey lines : secondaries grey, slightly darker on external border ; fringe buff, shading into reddish ochreous towards apex : head and collar testaceous, the face slightly yellower ; antennas ferru- ginous ; thorax sordid pale buff ; abdomen grey, with pale ferruginous lateral and anal tufts. Primaries below smoky grey, slightly blackish at base of costa ; base of median and 208 Dr. A. G. Butler on submedian veins pearly opaline ; costa washed with buff ; an ill-defined transverse dusky discal stripe ; external area pale rosy cupreous : secondaries sericeous whitish, the costal area, veins, and fringe buff, slightly rufous ; a discocellular spot and five or six longitudinal dashes on the veins across the disk black : pectus whity-brown ; legs rufous-brown, with ferruginous spines and whitish-tipped spurs ; venter rosy, with the anal tufts slightly yellower. Expanse of wings 43 millim. One male of this very distinct species. 4. Peridroma hostilis. Agrotis hostilis, Walker, Lep. Het. xi. p. 737 (1857). Four examples. I believe that this is no more than an extreme form of P. saucia. P. stictica, Blanch., from Chili, is quite inter- mediate in character between the two. 5. Peridroma clerica. Agrotis clerica, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1882, p. 129. n. 27. Three examples of this Chilian species. 6. Leucam'a falJclandica, sp. n. In marking somewhat intermediate between L. sinuosa of India and L. propria of New Zealand. Primaries above sericeous whity brown, the course of the median vein and the external borders suffused with grey ; a black dot followed by a blackish spot at base of costal area 5 a diffused black streak, trisinuate in front, immediately above the median vein, ter- minating beyond the cell in a small oblique 3-shaped character ; a well-defined black streak from base below the median vein, terminated by the extrabasilar line, which is much interrupted, transverse, and lunulated ; a blackish dash on the inner margin also followed immediately by the same line; discal or postmedian line fine, arched inwards to costa, dentate- sinuate ; a slightly irregular submarginal series of blackish sagittate spots ; fringe white, traversed by two grey lines : secondaries white, slightly opalescent, the costal area silvery ; veins and a rather narrow diffused external border smoky grey ; fringe white, traversed internally by a smoky grey line : head and thorax whity-brown ; collar greyish white, crossed at the back by an interrupted black line; tegula? whitish at their apices ; base of abdomen whitish buff, the remainder sericeous smoky greyish. Primaries below silvery Lepidoptera from the Falkland Islands. 209 greyish, becoming yellower on costa : secondaries white, with costa and veins buff; a diffused greyish external border; fringes as above : body below sandy buff, greyish here and there ; tibial fringes slightly rufous, whitish at tips ; venter sericeous. Expanse of wings 37 millim. 7. Eupithecia anguligera, sp. n. Somewhat intermediate in character between E. fasciata from the Nilgiris and E. Sibylla from Chili. Leaden grey, slightly tinted here and there with brown : primaries elongate- triangular, traversed by about ten wavy blackish lines, but extremely variable ; the alternate lines, beginning with that nearest the base, blacker, and therefore better defined than the others, the fifth and seventh, representing the outlines of the central band, black, thicker than the others and acutely angu- lated towards costa ; the tenth line composed of more or less confluent pale-bordered blackish submarginal lunules ; a mar- ginal series of externally whitish-edged black dashes : secon- daries with hardly a trace of marking from the median vein upwards ; a triangular black patch at base below the cell, followed by six blackish zigzag lines, of which the first, third, and fifth are best defined and quite black upon the veins ; marginal black dashes as on the primaries : thorax pale leaden grey, with darker transverse bands ; abdomen much darker, with almost confluent blackish bands in the type, but extremely variable in depth of colour in a series. Under surface sericeous leaden grey ; all the wings with black or blackish discocellular stigma, followed by two parallel blackish lines ; the secondaries with traces of a third (subbasal) line j black marginal dashes as above. Expanse of wings 19 millim. A series of twenty-one examples, most of them more or less worn. In some specimens the markings are very indistinct, in others the two black lines of the central band alone remain, with a well-defined discocellular stigma (which, in the type above described, is only shown on the under surface) j in others again the outer line of the central band is only marked with black on the veins. In all these specimens, however, such markings as exist are similar in outline and similarly placed, so that it is evident that they represent only one variable species. 210 On Lepidoptera from the Falkland Islands. 8. Scoparia ?, sp. A single example in worn condition. 9. CrambuSj sp. Three examples of a species allied to C. vitellus of New Zealand. The latter is also described as G. sublicellusj Zell. 10. Apurima, sp. Three examples, in poor condition, of a species apparently referable to this genus. From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, Ser. 6, Vol. xii., October 1893. Description of a new Species of the Butterfly Genus Charaxes. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. FOR many years a species of the genus Charaxes has been confounded with the well-known G. ethalion of Natal and Delagoa Bay. As I have recently been through the whole of the literature relating to the genus and have failed to identify it, I now propose to describe it as Charaxes Hollandii, sp. n. <$ . Chiefly differs from C. ethalion $ (ephyra, Godt.) in the deeper excavation of the outer margin of the primaries and the longer abdominal margin of the secondaries ; on the under surface, however, the wings are much richer in colouring, the black markings much more heavily delineated, and the central belt washed with silvery glaucous ; the spots beyond this belt are also darker and, on the primaries, more numerous. Expanse of wings 72 millim. $ . Above far more like a dwarfed female of C. imperialis than like C. ethalion • blue-black, the primaries with three small lilacine spots in a triangle beyond the cell, the apex of the triangle being directed obliquely downwards towards the base of the third median branch ; below these two increasing spots of the same colour in the median interspaces ; between the latter and the inner margin a bright blue band, con- stricted above the submedian vein ; nearer to the outer margin a biangulated almost ^-shaped series of seven spots, of which the upper six are lilacine with white centres and the seventh bright blue ; central belt of secondaries bright blue ; in other respects tolerably close to C. ethalion : below the wings have a glaucous gloss, especially on the paler bands, and in some respects the pattern more nearly resembles that of C. etheocles. Expanse of wings 82 millim. Sierra Leone. I have named this pretty little species after my valued friend Dr. Holland, of Pittsburg, whose many important contributions to our knowledge of the Lepidopterous fauna of West Africa are widely known. From the ANMALS A^n MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, Ser. 6. Vol. xii., Dcwmltrr On a Small Collection of Lepidoptera from Chili. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. A SHORT time since Herr G. Ruschewegh, of Buenos Aires, wrote to ask whether I would undertake to determine a series of Chilian Geometrse, conditionally on the specimens being >resented to the British Museum ; to this I agreed, and luring September a box of Lepidoptera in papers came to land, some of which, indeed, are not Geometrae and several )f which, when set up, I found to be in such bad condition as to be unrecognizable. The latter are numbered respectively follows: — Deltoids (nos. 12, 78, and 120), Geometrge (nos. 17, 61, 63 in fragments, 111, 137, and 147), these nine examples being all worn, rubbed, and more or less broken, err Ruschewegh forwarded with the specimens a letter, in h he proposed a number of names for the new species, the majority of which are, however, so unclassical in character that it would not be possible to employ them. The following is a catalogue of all the recognizable species : — Hepialid.se. 1. Dalaca subfervenSj Butler. Ddaca subfervens, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1882, p. 25. n. 39. In my account of the Bombyces of Chili I recognized six species of Dalaca^ five of which Mr. Hampson has since put together under the name of D. pollens, Blanch. : breeding alone will decide whether he is right in so doing ; at present, judging from the extraordinary variability of many of the Chilian Lepidoptera, it is quite as possible as it is at present unproved. N 0 C T U M. 2. Peridroma saucia, Hiibner. Peridroma saucia, Hiibner, Samml. eur. Schmett., Noct. fig. 378. The examples are links between typical P. saucia and P. hostilis and are labelled D, F, H, and C 6 respectively. 458 Dr. A. G. Butler on Lepidoptera from Chili. 3. Leucania impuncta, Guene*e. Leucania impuncta, Guene*e, Noct. i. p. 83. n. 117 (1852). Labelled " E, F. Oxyacanthse." 4. Leucania unipuncta, Haworth, var. separata, Walker. Leucania unipuncta, Haworth, var. separata. Walker, Lep. Het. xxxii. p. 626 (1865). Labelled G 3. 5. Plusia gammoides, Blanchard. Plusia gammoides, Blanchard, in Gay's Fauna Chilena, vii. p. 84. n. 1, pi. vi. fig. 11 (1854). Labelled A. 6. Plusia chilensisj Butler. Plusia chilensis, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1882, p. 138. n. 43. Labelled B. As already noted, the Deltoid Noctuse are in too poor con- dition for recognition. The remainder of the collection consists wholly of Geometrse. I have followed Mr. Warren's recent arrangement of this group. GEOMETER. 7. Psilaspilates cavifasciata, Butler. Panagra cavifasciata, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1882, p. 384. n. 65. Numbered 55. 8. Psilaspilates ceres, var., Butler. Lozogramma ceres, var., Butler, Tians. Ent. Soc. 1882, p. 383. n. 63. Numbered 66. 9. Psilaspilates venata, Butler. Liodes venata, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1882, p. 382. n. 62. Numbered 151. It will be seen that Mr. Warren has associated together under a new genus of his own three species which I regarded as belonging to different recognized genera • it is possible that, in spite of their different aspect, they may be strictly congeneric • it is also not improbable that the genera to which I assigned them may not differ in essential characters, but at Dr. A. G. Butler on Lepidoptera from Chili. 459 present I cannot spare time to examine into this point criti- cally. As regards Panagra, it is certain that Walker asso- ciated together several very distinct genera under one name. 10. Pharmacis mixta, Butler. Pharmacis mtxta, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1882, p. 375. n. 52. Labelled No. 96. Var. seriata, Butler. Pharmacis mixta, var. seriata, Butler, I. c. Labelled Nos. 97-99. 11. Pharmacis latifasciata, Butler. Pharmacis latifasciata, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1882, p. 377. n. 54. Labelled No. 77. 12. Heterophleps ophiusina, var., Butler. Heterophleps ophiusina, var.. Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1882, p. 423. n. 133. Nos. 4, 134, and 155. 13. Neorumia lutea and gradUs, Bartlett-Calvert. Neorumia lutea and gracilis, Bartlett-Calvert, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1893, pp. 216, 217. N. luteaj typical. Nos. 86 and 87. N. gracilis. No. 88. This is only a suffused variety of N. lutea. 14. Anisogonia deustata, var. carnea, Butler. Paragonia deustata, var. carnea, Butler, Trans. Ent, Soc. 1882, p. 353. c? ? . Nos. 43, 44, 81, and 113. Var. rosea, Butler. Paragonia deustata, var. rosea, Butler, 1. c. p. 354. . , lasti, Grose- Smith. IT*. , leonirius, Butler. 14. , cithreron, F 'elder. In. , bohemani, Felder. 10. , eupale, Drury. 17 Euralia wahlbergi Wallengr. 18. „ mima, Trimen. 1 9. Junonia tugela <$ , Trimen. 20. „ cu-->,ma, Hewits. 21. „ clelia, Cramer. 22. „ boopis, Trimen. 2.'{. „ sesamus, Trimen. 24. „ artaxia, Hewits. 25. Pyrameis eardui, Linn. 26. Protogoniomorpha anacardii, Linn. 27. Eupbaedra neophron, Hopjf. 28. Pseudargynnis duodecimpunctata, Snellen. 29. Crenis boisduvalii, Wallengr. 30. Neptis agatha, Cramer. 31. Stella coluinbina, Cramer. 32. Argynnis smaragdifera $ , But I. 33. Acrsea cabira, var. apec'di, Oberth. 34. oncsea $ , Hopff. 35. buxtoni, Butler. 3H sganzini, Boisd. 37. natalica, Boisd. 38. acrita, Hewits. 39. areca, MabUle. 40. guillemei, Uberth. 41. Mylotbris agathina, Cramer. 42. Terms regularis, Butler. 43. Catopsilia florella, Fabr. 44. Papilio policenes, Cramer. 45. , corinneus, Bertol. 4rt. , demoleus, Linn. 47. , bromius, var. broutes, Godman. 48. , erinus, Gray. 49. p^lodurus, sp. n. 50. Tagiades flesus, Fabr. 51. Proteides erinnys, Trimen. 52. Nephele f'unebris, Fabr. 53. Pleretes thelwalli, Drucc. 54. Patula walkeri, Butler. PAPILIO PELODUBUS, sp. n. cJ . Allied to P. horrifnlis. Wings black, brownish at base, with golden-brown tails ; markings of primaries cream-coloured traversed by black veins, similar in disposition to those of /'. Jiorri- bilis, but the oblique bar beyond the cell and discal belt much broader, more uniform in width, the discal belt also emitting a triangular spur above the third median branch: secondaries with 721 DR. A. G. BUTLER ON BUTTERFLIES FROM ZOMBA. [Nov. 19. the transverse belt half as wide again, extending well beyond the end of the cell ; the discal spots also larger ; a broad y\-shaped orange-ochreous marking above the anal angle and a paler ochreous marginal lunule below it; other marginal lunules between the veins lemon-yellow ; sides of body .argillaceous : under surface of wings nearly as in P. horribilis, but the pale areas more copper- coloured ; the creamy bar and belt of primaries nearly as above, the tapering band across the secondaries slightly different in out- line and more prominent, two well-defined triangular whitish spots at base of second median and upper radial interspaces: pectus and legs as in P. horribilis. Expanse of wings 110 millim. Papilio pelodurus. One male specimen only was obtained, but Mr. Aurivillius, whose wide experience in African Lepidoptera gives great weight to his opinion, agrees with me that it is a representative of an entirely new and very beautiful species. I should have liked to dedicate this Papilio to its discoverer, but I am afraid that the name has been already employed. [From the PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, November 19, 1895.] [2] From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, Ser. 6, Vol. xvi., November 1895. Descriptions of new Species of Planema in the Collection of the British Museum. By A. G. BUTLER, Ph.D. &c. WHILST recently rearranging the Museum collection of AcrceincB of the Old World, and incorporating the fine series presented by Messrs. Godman and Salvin, I came upon the following undescribed species of Planema : — Planema Salvim, sp. n. Nearest to P. camerum'caj the male with the discoidal area of primaries, the area below the cell, and the band crossing the centre of the wing golden orange instead of tawny ; the transverse band itself more regular, especially along its outer margin ; secondaries with the basal spots arranged as in P. formosa and followed by a diffused whitish band, more distinctly white on the under surface : the female chiefly differing from that sex of P. camerunica in the much less ir- regular inner edging of the white belt on the primaries (which is less distinctly continued below the first median branch) and its less prominent external angle, so that the deep-brown apical area is broader in this species : the secondaries much more nearly resemble those of the female of P. formosa^ but the white belt across them is broader and more diffused. Expanse of wings, $ 75 millim., $ 93 millim. Fernando Po and Cameroons (from the Godman & Salvin Collection). The natural position of this species is undoubtedly between P. formosa and P. camerunica. Planema Godmani, sp. n. Allied to P. camerunica and P. alcinoe ; the male has almost the same pattern on the primaries as the latter species, excepting that the inner blackish edging of the central band is usually almost wholly lost, so that these wings become 416 Dr. A. G. Butler on divided into two equal parts, the apical half smoky blackish the basal half bright orange-tawny; the blackish inner edging, however, is always faintly, and sometimes strongly, represented : the secondaries are quite distinct from those of P. alcinoe, the basal spots being small and more restricted upon a reddish-tawny ground ; beyond them is a diffused band (traversed by the dark veins and internervular streaks), its centre golden orange, its extremities whitish ; the external area smoky brown, paler internally, sometimes becoming almost white as it merges into the central band. The female has primaries like those of P. camerunica $ , but the basal spots of the secondaries are more restricted and their outer limit forms a straighter line than in P. camerunica^ whilst the brown basal patch on which these spots are usually placed is infringed upon by the broader white central belt ; the latter is more regular and of more uniform width throughout. Expanse of wings, $ 69-78 millim., ? 88 millim. Sierra Leone (B.M. and Salvin & Godman Colls.). We had long had a pair of this species in the Museum collection as P. alcinoe. of Felder ; the latter, however, is quite distinct, both sexes showing a well-defined and rather narrow dusky border to the secondaries. We have a pair from Accra. Planema indentata, sp. n. The male has smoky-brown primaries, similar to other species of the P. alcinoe group, but the belt across the wing, excepting that it is broader and golden orange, resembles that on the primaries of P. elongata $ ; the secondaries are like those of P. macaria, but much paler, the central area being broadly pale yellowish, almost inclining to whity brown, of course interrupted by the usual dusky veins and streaks ; the female has the primaries marked somewhat as in P. came- runica $ , but the broad white band has its inner edge nearly straight, two small notches alone indicating the angular ex- cavations which characterize this band in P. camerunica : the secondaries are quite distinct, pale sandy yellow, the base narrowly brown, so that all the outer black spots are thrown into strong relief j the external border almost as narrow as in P. alcinoe $, but emitting much more prominent internervular blackish streaks to the middle of the wing. Expanse of wings, $ 78 millim., $ 100 millim. One pair, Cameroons (Godman & Salvin Coll.). The female was taken by Dr. Preuss at Barombi. Quite recently Dr. Karsch has described a female Planema from Uganda under the name of P. albicolor, which he says new Species e^Planem a. 417 corresponds with the same sex of P. consanguinea so closely that the only difference of marking which he is able to point out is the slightly smaller size of the basal spots of the hind wings. " In the £ from Uganda, however, all the yellow and red-brown of the wings and body of Planema consan- guinea are entirely white," a most singular statement ! He means to say that the yellow and red-brown areas of P. con- sanguinea are replaced by white in the female from Uganda. I must express my positive conviction that this P. albicolor is nothing whatever but the rare albino form which constantly recurs in many species of Acrwa, and which may also exist in some species of Planema. It is true, indeed, that the white forms of many species of Acrwa have been described as distinct, but they always occur with the typical forms as either seasonal developments or simple sports; the following ay be cited : — Tawny form. 1. Acraea Johnstoni, J alciope, § . esebria, cj $ . metaprotea, c apecida, tf $ vinidia, <5 $ . Sganzini, c? stenobaea, tf caldarena, <$ acara, c? $ . raarniorata, c percussa,