LIBRARY NEW YORK SCTANICAL GARDEN

756

ON THE FLORA OF CUTCH,
BY
Ki. BLATTER, S.J.
Part LI,

‘The flora of Cutch has received yery litle attention on the part of
Lwtanical explorers. There is scarcely any other part in India that
<o seldom mentioned in ilovistic works as Cuteli. Mueh less are we
able to find any special] publication on its vegetation. When Hooker

and Thomson published their ‘Flora Indica’’ in 1855, they wave us
in the *\Introdnetory Essay’? a valuable account of the phy sieal and
botanical features of the various parts of India, but regarding Cutch
we read only the following remarks : “ The district of Kach, which
is separate from Katiwar by the Gulf of Kach, a narrow arm of the
sea, from Sindh by the mosi eastern branch of the Indus, and from
Marwar by the Rann (a very singular saliue and more or less marshy

plain, in which the river Limi loses itself) has avery similar climate

to the peninsula of Gujarat, being like that traversed by a range of

hills running from West to Hast. [t may, therefore, (for our purposes)
with more propriety be considered « part of Gujarat, than to belong to
Sindh, to which physically as well as politically it is more nearly
‘elated, The northern distriets of both Kach and WKatiwar, being
screened from the ram-bringing winds by the hills, are extremely arid.’’+
Since the time when this was written, the countries surrounding
Cutch have been explored more minutely as regards their flora, and
the physical and meteorological conditions prevailing m them are
better known. This will enable us later on to deeide the question
whether Cuteli ought to be considered a part of the botanical
province of Graaijarat or of Sind. The last 50 years did not add
much to our knowledge of the dora of Cutch. Here we are
speaking of the printed records only, for we are not so fortnnate as to
have access to the extensive herbaria of Europe which very likely
contain specimens also of Cuteh, Of the former only one came under
our notice. It isa list of the plants of Cutch, prepared by Colonel
(}, T. Palin asa contribution to Vol, V. of the Bombay Gazetteer in
i880, The circumstance ‘bat the habitat and flowering time is added

to the names of many species make the catalogue a very valuable

*. Hooker, J, D., and Thomson, T., Flora Indica, Vo!, I,, p. 150.

ibrar

MMM

4602

LIBRARY NEW YORK SCTANICAL GARDEN

7H6

ON THE FLORA OF CUTCH,
BY
ij; BLATTER, 8.5.
Pant I,

The flora of Guteh has received very little attention on the part of
Lotanical explorers. There is scarcely any other part in India that ts
<o seldom mentioned in iloristic works as Cutcl. Mueh less are we
able to find any special publication on its vegetation. When Hooker
and Thomson published their “Flora Indica’? in 1855, they wave us
in the “Introductory Exsay’’ a valuable account of the physical and
hotanical features of the various parts of India, but regarding Cuteh
we read only the following remarks: © The district of Kach, which
is separated from Katiwar by the Gulf of Kach, a narrow arm of the
sea, from Sindh’ by the most eastern branch of the Indus, and. froin
Marwar by the Rann (a very singular saline and more or less marshy
plain, in which the river Limi loses itself) has a very similar climate
to the peninsula of Gujarat, being like that traversed by a range of
hills running trom West to Hast. Lt may, therefore, (for our purposes )
with more propriety be considered a part of Gujarat, than tobelong to
Sindh, to which physically as well as politically it is more nearly
related, The northern districts of both Kach and Katiwar, being
screened from the rain-bringing winds by the hills, are extremely arid.”
Since the time when this was wrilten, the countries surrounding
Cutch haye been explored more minutely as regards their flora, and
the physical and meteorological conditions prevatling in them are
better known. This will enable us later onto decide the question
whether Cutel ought to be considered a part of the botanical
province of Gujarat or of Sind. The last 50 years did not add
much to our knowledge of the dora of Cutch. Here we are
speaking of the printed records only, for we are not so fortunate as to
have access to the extensive herbaria of Europe which very likely
contain specimens also of Cutch, Of the former only one came under
our notice, Lt isa list of the plants of Cutch, prepared by Colonel
(. T, Palin asa contribution to Vol, V. of the Bombay Gazetteer in
i880. The circumstance ‘hat the habitat and flowering time is added

to the names of many species make the catalogue a very valuable

ON TUE FLORA OF CUTCH. 757

one, It was just the fact, on the one hand, that the Hora of Cutch is
very incompletely known and, on the other, that Cutch occupies an
almost isolated position, that mduced me in December last, to pay a
yisit to that out-of-the-way country. Ti lam now able to add some-
thing to our previous knowledge of the Botany of Carteh, it is greatly
due to the untiring efforts of my companion, the Rev. H. Sierp, s.1.,
Professor of Chemistry, who, with valuable suggestions and practical
ald, was 2 great help to me fhroughont the whole journey,

As the physieal aspects and meteorological conditions of a country
determine the special character and development of its vegetation, it
is advisable to give first a short sketch of .the territory of Cuteb.
I consider this Jess superiiuons heeause comparatively very few are
personally acquainted with Catch, and if others try to form an idea as
to its physical configuration, 1 am afraid, the picture they draw of
Cutch will not be aceuraie, not to say incorrect, 17 I am allowed to
draw a conclusion from my own experiences.

The Proyinee of Cutch extends from 20° 47! to 249 N, Lat., and
§8° 26) to 71° LO! EB. Long., being crossed by the parallel of the
tropic of eancer about 14 miles north of the capital, Bhuj. On the
north, east, and south-east it is bounded by the Rani: on the south by
the Gulf of Cutch, on the west by the Arabian Sea, and on the north-
west by the eastern branch of the Indus. Its extreme length from
east to west is 160 miles and its extreme breadth 70 from north to
south, while in one place it is ouly 85 miles wide. It contains about
6,500 square miles, exclusive of the Grand Rann, whieh, including the
islands with the portion bounded by the Gujarat Coast in the east and
south-east covers an area of 10,000 square miles. Perbaps the most
striking feature to the visitor of Cutch is the sterility of the country.
Sandy plains and naked rocky hills present a strong contvast to the
more fertile parts of India. The barrenness is increased by the scarcity
of trees and general absence of anything that can be called jungle.
“From the sea on the south and west, and from the Rann on the
north and east, the coast of Cuich is in some places yery_ slightly
raised and fringed with mangrove swamps. In other parts it rises
in rows of sand hills, or as in the north-west, in broken rocky lifts.
Inland, especially on the soutn and east, are broad plains, some deep
soiled and well tilled, others bare and furrowed with water-courses.
Beyond these plains rise the central lands of the province, in places

or) | . f

7 ip

+= Ve.

-
ig
hr OORKe gir if
ett a ae ee 1 Mh)
sleat. Arp 8 es
es) ‘hua? tu Tie “ {\
iarety - ly fine‘ 8 hh k= Woah
aired binge Pati
Pe ae r On) ‘ sal nat.” 3)
fine ai
all maui oe" aa ’
a ae ie oll ; var : ye Sys; F;
ane : nn =) 5 i by :
be 4,73 as 4 fee i” 5 a ipeiiong + i ve |
na » Me) ee Che 91 i ; oad
- os! pot we © ak > Oar 4 an i
Tie Ae) a ve Oe ae ee = “4
- a «ipa ai ' ip ri
jn 2 Pid 'b- of a Vi” Sa det j i _ se.
- le in «© 44 a aw : Pol
Poe Th qual} affiaey gilt ae an . '
-“ie ivi dnclt wl ; /eanje aan es
sales ~ Wie bed fipd@er | - iP ash >a TOM
eas Glial) Mie A ied: 2 Lor he om ok of bh,
© <4 wail 2 tii a nage nA rate a) nie o
baal Man Die Aayilts 4 ee oe el | Ip. oe ees
Rare sit ani Pea a mci be ‘es
saa ply ieee 7 { vhegudl + ee, |
i wa at's ne am det TaD re ee

Oi aes
ory
AByrh af

Aghuert ee cea AA TPA
v & Aa hit iy Pan «+
of ihe =e wale 4 wai
Ma optits nt if 2
Be Peony
beh aa} 1 ihae'

a Mich:
Fale . 7
yet
“4 1) Sopa.

i PA:
dir
ae
"oo “i = Wr
re “DE
het

Fe beiel-

alin” Of mM

rx
a

758 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Val. AVI,

relieved by bright coloured roeks and patches of tillage, but over
most of the area brown waving uplands deep in loose sand, broken
by naked peaks, and bordered by bare ridges of low dust-coloured
hills.’ Yet parts of the country are far from being unpicturesque.
Though none of the elevations of Cutch are very great, being
generally under 1,500 feet above the sea, its hills form one of
the chief natural featvces of the Province. Three distinct ranges
of hills are traceable in Cuich proper having an easterly and
westerly direction. The most northern range overlooks the Rann
from near Lukput to a point about 28 miles eastward of Bhuj.
Jt forms an irregular chain, and, for the greater part, presents
to the north a perpendicular cliff, and to the south an inclined
plain. The next called the Charwar range, passes transversely
through the centre of the Province, and is connected with the
former, at its north-western extremity, by a cluster of hills. it is
made up. partly of sandstone. and partly of a series of strata of slate
clay, limestone, slate, and slaty limestone, The third, or southern
range called the Dora hils, has the same general direction as the
other two, but is of smaller extent and consisis entirely of volcanic
materials. A number of isolated voleanic hills are also seatlered over
the plain, as well as in other parts of the Province, particularly on the
borders of the Rann, where is situated the hill Dhinodhar, the highest
in Cutch (1 073 feet). ne Va

trict. are a broad group stretching east and west. Taey have many
aD o ~ dv

oad hills in the eastern part of the dis-
separate peaks, the principal of which is the Vittroe. A disconnected
ehain traverses the Rann islands of Pacham, Kurreer, Bela, and Chorar
from west to east. The most lofty summit occurs at Pacham Peer,
rising 1.487 feet above the Rann. The varied and vivid colouring of
the rocks add a peculiar charm to the aspect of the country. The three
primary colours with many varieties of their compounds are represent-
ed by the rocks as well as their atmospheric debris. “ Owing to the
oxides of iron, red and yellow prevail; but in some places these are

nixed with pale lavender, blue and purple tints, and contrasied with
intense black or the purest white ; and when any vegetation adds some
green, the brilliancy of the effect becomes very striking. Asa rule,
the country has warn sienna tints, with red, purple or black rocks
nearly always close at hand; while the grey, purple or orange hills

1 Bomvay Gazetteer, Vol. v., p. 2.

Tih Gh CRW GRAS. TY) OTT + aye pa’ ay
i = :
sene iit yet "S) aatiy we shhh ny ity? veh
S45. Jidie PRD ith serie: \ i Wy yren! Wass een
bina creat, He 4% on + Lage aid I df
Prd a a ee a J ; a a |
Guiet teeg eet, epee! ; ‘ juoet
ean eth ya e. ‘ f fay Ti A ili
a ATS tet! on Mt Haw as
bie teret fe shiv. = y) Ce 1 @ en.
die > wile: gem ‘ 4. sles Vas :
geyltiy Ae etese Ghia (5 ' ‘ L, sane
iNRRe. cha ret, i 7 : wih at
Valea aie Pied, v2! 1 at pp Alinw ca ian att
ehiiew ter A hemes : finite a) oe ee
ie ips iol whi) - | hel nee! vi
Ais @hid Ae @ (<4 60 aight: A: tw eae
Cael fm pi lsidey LO) (> 4 led) A ie ALS | ie 1h :
ee ee ee \ AR bua: wetdl ats
b ma ria retinal: {eee ; 7 me hale » ybe tae eet
' Hee Ws bovis we | Lae mw (int wef 7
ce twee Ms. ja? eer) PF es Cate PRUE » 4
all ee aminlions 9 ater els vhig ees ites ah ae oi
boy Tyr al! They ech a ip’ ‘tom eg, 2 of, <eibte ailead:
ee ie ee ee ee en Cn a Veni ea? yooh

vlan eva ' geal f *' ER SPR ri Ana mw it I ie") gf ents dohad
Sapanndvath Si lt Tanga 2h Ga ry a
aad haw Pin) After jr i tubal ri?” o & wr nk i
ee recall Hie vsyate ie oe ger: aw igeyent *
To pidrindns MAVie Boe Malhad 2X” qual wh eety aera yy hha
miele SLT gl Re Dales Ova Mea egelaiinmp akan, Gapet
Ys peoratirat (anid A insight ian eg nally es tHe ihe Wotan a a
a, aie wb saith lil 1g anf 4 ai 6 DR HP je :
- vib oom tonal me : (eer « ia hah aah aire.

Witt Tile et rnd aye ae ne
iagiec ati REL eG ers iw wine pei Wiliead >

AS - aL : ‘ * :
a : ae im

my = Mh cre was.

ON THE FLORA OF CUTCH. 75%

are often varied by patches of white strongly relieved against the ad-
jacent sombre colour of sume mass of itrusive or overlying trap. ”?

There are no rivers that heve water enough to flow throughout the
vear. The river courses are merely channels for conveying the
periodical floods from the central uplands to the sea and Rann respect-
ively. The Khari, which rises in the Chorad hills, about eight miles
south-west of Bhuj, has a course of about 30 miles. Slowing past Bhuj
and winding its way between steep banks in places 110 feet Ineh. if
keeps north and loses itself in the Rann, The largest rivers that have
4 southern direction are the Madh and the Tera. They flow for about
30 miles across the Abdasa plain and fall together mto the Gull of
Cuteh. Owing to the fact that almost all the rocks are impregnated
with salts, the water of the Cntch streams is unfit to drink, and daring
the hot season is too salt even for cattle. This cirewmstance has to do
a great deal with the character of ihe present flora, Water is usually
found at no great depth from the surface. Many wells beng 15 to
£5 feet deep vield snificient supplies. The ponds, which are not un-
common, are mostly small and usually run dry in six months.”

As to the climate of Cutch we have to rely almost entirely on
general and insufficient data scattered here and there in variou-
descriptions of that Province. Being situated along the north paralle:
of the iropie of Cancer, Uutch is very little subjected to the rain-—
bringing influence of the sonth-west monsoon. Though heayy
monsoon rains are experienced on the western shores and side of
India far to the north of Ahmedabad, they seem to neglect the
southern parts of Sind and Wattiawar. The 21 years preceding 186%

. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. vol. IX., p. 14. Sea a

For further information regarding the physical geography of Cutch we refer to—

MacMardo, J.—An account of the province of Kutch and of the countries lying between
Guzerat and the Indus in “ Transactions of the Literary Society of Bombay, Vol. I7,”’
1820,

Grant, C, W.—Memoirs to illustrate a geological map of Kutch in “Geological Papers v1
Western India ” by Carter, 1837.

Raikes, S. N.—Memvir on the Kntch State, 1854.

Records of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. 1, parts 2 and 3, 1869.

Wynne, A. B.—Memoir on the Geology of Cutch in “Memoirs of the Geological Survey of
Incia,” Vol. LX, 1872,

> of. Raikes, S. N, Ll. c.

Raikes, N. 8.—Brief notes relative to the Kutch State, 1894.
Barnes, J.—General remarks on the medical topography of Bhooj, 1828.
Wynne, A. B.,, loc.
Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. V,
7

a ; way yng ~ , a0 P

per ab Toor vi. hie ey ijeeerr avfFt. ¢
. je SOPs ) eaty | ’ wate ain j i”
7 *
- j® Serta ee i necle iF re wil ‘ ann @
4 ets See egy | atic parwh nny
Oa iE mA etl ag ctdaln ‘ é ‘ Lh f 7
24m) Die alike A ia vA ' te any in be }
Ls Ath alaipplianch ie ™ Som 1 Wut il

1 = ; “ai ‘a oe Ee
4 : a a¥ a: | i nye \ pia py
an ci we! mii WW j pp iad ar ai ; ier H

aw* Th sits ee el 7 Pi) ue non we ve ne ia

7
7

in beat a aay ab ft
' : a nbnhg eg ca @n ov" ! ft d

Do A 7 eo Ay Posen "Oo. he oh &! at:
- - a . ayia oA ai Sim agi! loi 4 ee ee oy 4 wis

- ue 7 bee vee. eer ie Cif a ee dite boyy 9 wo

7 = a Fa) awed a 5 wrt yar’ ') wi, é 1 ite) “Sree ie?) le a 7

= 2 ei ee pene, are + wag a iw ida) (et Ga FF

| : : : . ' AN pierce 0 (gy.< ny bal ie om ae
. a Gore ey, 110 i" papel «We ‘ae ve,in Al been

, 2 - bad ? afhe ae - Ae eu 7s ; is, “ol Tinga! x! “a hw

: - Je poe ep Rehm’ evel! Toe mfeliile qymtad in ad Ghd avert:
"4 : =-6 ye gpa Cig Peer cease ® Gy) or was

6 crednie iho Re aendathn” Sy yetied
a ‘ eet Fea | ener i! No hate ae @ Cy i ene
7 : cs wiger «i ime me Aplin)» mila’ y 5 abewaly alin) «A cadlash

ay Be pies tt it sc atian ff Lao Pare leh en
a, a> aol edi ok > hal 4

acA& 5 (ae US

: ir ' arian ee ee ae

a ae as ® » at
' aS Ge = Gt peas pak o | obraly =
_ tee H+) tobe @enT “yynbedltetsene
- Ry ee Sw = peal

- i. i pole oo0 tae » 4
aneiel dea Dia aa ae Ga
oo GA Wea ot benedlr * ae), _

a. ew lies JO.d Segeret ange enero
» aay ditt vw tw eygalnapt oui © =. , enn
Sa) ar oe et band

_ : 7 - :
7 ; H ’ eta
ao - 7 7 » an pecan po
- Pye Mena
- - & ; : ; — sy an
- 7 c ; an ; ay > ;
a ae eee Bde |
ac dle “
| a [= Wo
a \

760 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATOGRAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XVIII,

show an average annual rainfall of 14°30 inches at Bhuj, the maxi-
mem registered being 34°88 inches in 1862, and the minimum 1°10
m 1848. The rain generally reaches Cuteh from directions opposit-
to that of the prevailing winds, in the form of squalls from the north-
north-west round by north and east, to south, The south-west
monsoon winds are very strong from June to October, the weather
being seldom calm. In the cold months harsh east and orth winds
prevail, sueceeded by strong south-westerly gales and steady winds,
the air being frequently loaded with dust, The months of April and
May are very hot inland, while along the coast the climate is delight-
ful, from the absence of the burning winds and dust storms that
prevail elsewhere during those months, In June the hot winds
generally cease: the atmosphere becomes cloudy : and occasionally
the rains, which commence yery irregularly, are preceded hy
excessive sultriness. During the rains the climate is usually
most agreeable ; cloudy and cool, with a eool breeze night and day.
The cold weather sets in later in Cuteh than in Gujarat. The sun
during the first half of November is oppressively hot ; December 1s
cold ; and January colder, In this month ice is occasionally produced.
In March, again, the sun hegins to strike hot,

Through the kindness of Dr. P. J. Figueredo, who is im charge ot
the meteorological station at Bhuj, [ am able to give a few tables
rewarding the rainfall and temperature in that place. We can only
regret that similar observations are not made in other places of the
province, as it is very probable that distinet differences exist inthe
plains north and south of the hill ranges, The differences will, how-
ever, not be very great, and the subjomed data are likely to give a
thir idea of the climate of the whole of Cutch,

Bhuj Rainfall, 1904-1907, at N. Lat. 23°15', and H. Long. 69949'.

H et Be “
Teese { } | S 5 a Ss
5 ‘si j : = oo zs
Ss S : 1 E = e=)
Year, oa. fe lis oS Sil Fea ef eee Salers pe notal

| a) 4 BE) 2) el a) Ser 2) Sie s :
J a = J = = = 4 = o
5 Wee) deg Set Sal OS Wee alee eas

|

Eee tebe eamnerey VCs mee it Bang Ra (Re 2
(os. .. «| O16l |S) ows
[S0Giacae hes ares Goo eiast ot. S| 4:43, 468. 9-33 3:4g| 150} .. | ..) 17°95
" 001 .. 2°90! S41\ 6-07 Oz] .. | .. |. 1873

(907, te Ce ere Il 368)
| i

+S 1 ‘Ory ire apes hi) Tae Vert
dan 3
I «
tie en an jhval “ah i vert Gal .
to | lip} Ad: ia ai) hival vr
eg eth vy thee wa Uh ng 6 f) hes @ide *
ied ART ae 8 2 Tiein wAlbe SAA

4 i aa See att (tis lis ‘
nod al jpul =e a) ai ’ ‘ taj stead)
~~ for vena shi > ' “uP 41 ee sjieetal reo

se eas iy ie : i a
7 t ues @} ’
; <7 “ea Aa ! i! .
7 s : OP Ler" gis * ' TY |
i; ~ or = »! ’ *
. 7 nya ll os sa >G a =e } 2
- : te
= 7 Wie? °) wept Bln aw ol
; : oem dh) abit 7 abn » SPs
i. 7 : tr. :
_ : Dee : 4) - Mal a ® Aw alt Pa)

7 : 4 ar : ad ee i re ee a

7 ‘” ie pee na hyve silk ‘ely Ls Pal 952 wT) sari

: ‘ cays echaal s ils ecinrese) Silko) aie Rae ATMs,

; ; 5 : i edb el Se lt Oye ovale vi
‘ ; an ergs bernie)” 2)" WA ye oud eftey onal?

saeyles iy est Gi aj, nr Teeigiitivilin: aft

. awl a Natadni ot, gllilce ees

th ie poe iin“ i Foe twat titres nal) lah if

a 7 7 , pte: athe ae Hither Yen om aH
oa | Sam met AT fog iy. costhe. fev call tee wn ately
: — te bl awie Sto) Qeaiga se sh won We en
fhe ae Ne i jamente wile We iol NP mm
ie a fate gina ‘shail teed mit’

ON THE FLORA OF CUTCH, THL

Bhuj Thermometer Readings in 1904, showing the Mean Monthly

Maxima and Minime with Mean Daily Range.

January. | February. March. May. | June
—| - = = = = 2
te ; = oa wae Bolg = med
5 Ss 5 EE) és rea A Boo2 = a
Be Pet sit mee Ie | a eee Bis) 2 ln
= ae =j 3 2 2 2/1 (eee = |
= os ee! a li bw RAR [= a] rat |
79.) 788. 25 | 86 | sg! 27 | 39 a5 24 100 | We 30 lov | 71 | 20 | 96
a Pur, Fae er tea. - " a jl ;
July i August. September. Octeber. Novernber. | December.
i
i}
eee or = =
A : g | y H el H Ey i So Bille | S
Bo a Seay sos Socais |S
= = ae Get BS) rie eet Na
me Be NS ee gies ee LES aes
Be Se a 1S eal 2 [aah te Se en SS
tee tee cet Pela a/2 A ie ye le
pete eae
| l ee ;
le £4 |
90 i, i 1392 «74 i 97 | 73 24 | 90 | G4 SoU Re es 17
ale

Of the two factors, rain and temperature, the latter seems to exercise
very little modifying influence npon the seasons in the vegetative
and sexual life of the plants. It is mainly the water that awakens
the slumbering seeds from their dry and apparently liteless grave ;
and if the country is barren and devoid of forests and jungle, we shall
find the cause of it in the want of ram. This becomes evident trom
the tact that, when even a little rain falls, erasses and herbs quickly
spring up, and that plains and Inlls rapidly change colour, especially
in the trappean area. If cloudy weather follows, sufficient pasture is
obtained for the herds upon which the inhabitants mainly depend for
their subsistence. On the other hand, in ordinary dry seasons the plains
resemble deserts. Heayy sand isdrifted over them by the wind often
into forms imitating the dunes of sea coasts, and the country seems
to afford nourishment to littl: besides numbers of prickly Huphorbias.
In cases where the rams are so partial that large tracts receive but a
few scanty showers for several vears in snecession, the country be-
comes al] but uninhabited, the people with their flocks bemeg torced
to look out for subsistence on the irrigated lands of Sind or elsewhere.

The soil of Cutch is, generally speaking, a light clay, covered with
a coarse sand from one to four and six inches deep. Six or cight feet

ee
ee
:
of
a :

Yar g bey aus

weet Nae ar | ee | alas Thy

ii”

@
i
—
a
“_—
ee

Coa
ed
a

Lo
-
we
\

«

mts Al, a. - :
ar io

7 =~,

ee an a : Koa wie? <1) 7h <Oulaeyt 1th

i gion vee gage mie a

one c Ne 4 gli bial i sete aly Gay ORT, Lim haite %
Sa Lai ct a Lahr}? <@0ry)) obanen =u mali nile oO),

Hgibgie fii: oe Ww h. Si(u® hi le * jadi wah sy i ee wae. a =!

= Po a brie wile ot ap Te! aa oli

a’ i then oft dime civil-g rete uoll® tile Ob a
is

; eres ape ie ere ee ‘

i hd

Pe ita

Audis a ” vegeedy 7 4 w~s ayn
Mies Md +hea hy iatgee@l neh te ee

dot tts Wy tt ees anh
ar fae erent Jee dp lal eeei
yi nasearh ria Pe wee) il
pln MM epordhe nah) Ove AG wy,
ja ang -n wht sa a al

afi resent “eitete te:
ohare ine Me sauna,

762 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XVII.

below the surface, in many places is found a clay of perfectly white
eolour like lime, and in others we meet with a strong tough yellow clay
mixed with small stones. In the former water is said to be found most
abundant, but not of the best quality; and in the latter, water of an
excellent quality is generally got by penetrating through a thin bed
of rock lying beneath it, In some of the plains near the hills exceilent
water is found by cutting through a sandstone which often lies within
four feet of the surface ; and in other plains wells have been sunk
sixty or seventy feet deep without meeting with either water or stone
of any kind. In Vagad the soil is more loamy than in any other part
of Cutch: and in many instances under the hills throughout the
province we meet with a rich soil thickly covered with a coarse kind
of gravel, which seems in some way or other to aid vegetation, Hx-
tensive salt wastes, which are not uncommon, are frequently encrusted
with a saline covering, and yield no vegetation,

The following list contains the indigenons plants as well as those
commonly cultivated. No mention is made of the numerous species
introduced into the spl ndid gardens ot H. H. the Rao of Cuteh anc
of the Political Agent residing in Bhuj. The geographical distribu-
tion! has been added to each species in order to facilitate the torma-
tion of a general idea as to the origin and composition of the flora
and its present relations to. the vegetation of the neighboumng
countries.

In this place I should like to express my sincerest thanks to H. H-
the Rao of Cutceh, to Col. Abud, the Political Agent, to the Dewan
Saheb, Mr. Chunilal Sarabhai, and to Mr. R. H. Kotwal, the Com-
inissioner of Police, for the kind assistance they gave us throughout
our stay in Cuteh.

1. Magnoliacea—

(1) Michelia champaca, L.—Cultivated : flowers: Apr.Sept.—dJava.

2. Anonacee—

(2) Polyalthia longifolia, Benth and Hook.—Not indigenous; Howers
Apr.-May—Ceylon.

(3) Anona syuamosa, L.—Cultivated.—West Indies.

(4) Anona reticulata, L.—Cultivated.— West Indies,

3. Menispermacer—
(5) ‘Tinospora cordifolia, Miers—Konkan, Deccan, S. M. Country.

2 The respective notes have been gathered from the more recent floristic works on Indian
planta, especially Th. Cooke and J, D. Hooker.

ir - '
vi : Wh) Vinee
“a yen Dad fh A we Ol Op
: A A aa dais ai wilt abt’ it
Mey (otis, pea hy) oft dandy
preg i ee ne re
' - : : Shea a ike bade ry
by ee
? ; ae vgs vi Aa ehewigh | 9a | a
ay vote 4
x Peet's” wtih ga! eaioaaly aly
, _

7 TE pak vapeyene ( si wet iG, ta LoL?
a ee ee y wnt aa i
= Feat lig rT gem? © pe ww j : antl ad; ;

= Umut ie Jane shake laa it : =?
: pie colutatl 4 fly, vt tay, Od ‘ yt

1 al ng ,* ' ian 0

gs cee . oh
ot ne rT iar yars

is Lt Hy cd vm i |
to UL et ty at abu Fee ti

ie AEE Fife VOU 6! Bate < an) a ie a

lnpeans al Wie = Or ij he
‘ages it, ny! Vee = Nb je 7 Tae ai 2,

: De inl 2S Tee aps ahs ow Yi TPQ ae
pea Be Vb 4 Hy | ately 4 ore CGV yi
a Al vay: OPENS. bet_ piri, cot S5 5
ya ergy Rife Sk oul) Oe gee’ Io! Aci aid
Welkdhs Abde H) erdi=ay oH Ween tiind voy eugtl 7

aS an drug pbs oe wa! pallyieetuh
} ha im 24 qy i a Ta Fs ee Mat] Bl A
We i y eat 2 ian Hed @ hy a)

Win 7 ho Asi = ind e4 As Ah

Aa fe j (ies hemt; vat

=a
=>
~

ON THE FLORA OF CUTCH,

(5) Coceulus villosus, DG.—Not common; flowers: Dec.--Gujarat,
Deccan, Konkan,

(7) Cocculus lexba, DC-—Rare : flowers: Noy.-Dee.--Sind, Gujarat
Afghanistan, Arabia, Africa.

(8) Stephania hernandifolia, Walp.—Rare—Decean, Konkan, Kanara—
Malaya, Tropical Afriea and Australia.

Nynphwacee—

(9) Nymphwa lotus, L.—Very rare ; cultivated in the Bombay Presi-
dency—Africa, Hungary, Java, Philippines.

(10) Nymphwa stellata, Willd.—Rare ; cultivated in the Bombay Pre-
sidency—Africa.

Fumariacer—

(11) Fumaria parviflora, Lam.—tIn cultivated fields ; flowers : Dee.-Jan.—
Sind, Deccan.

Cruciterw—

(12) Farsetia jacquemontii, Hook. f. and Thoms.—Pretty common ;
flowers : Dec.—Sind, N. India—Afghanistan, Beluchistan.

(13) Moricandia tortuosa, Hook. f. and Thoms.—Rare ; flowers: Dee,—
Sind,

Capparidacer—

(14) Cleome monophylla, L.— Rave ; fowers: Noy.- Dee,—Gujarat, Deccan,
S. M. Country—Tropical Africa.

(15) Cleome papillosa, Steud.—Flowers : August-Dec.—Sind— Arabia,
Abyssinia, Nubia, Kordofan.

(16) Cleome stocksiana, Boiss.—Flowers : Oct.-Noy.-Sind—Beluchistan.

(17) Cleome brachyearpa, Vahl.—Flowers : Noy.-May --Sind —Arabia, N-
Africa.

(18) Gynandropsis pentaphylla, DC.—Common in waste places; flowers :
June-Sept.—Gujarat, Deccan, 8. M. Country.

(19) Merua ovalifolta, Cambess.—Rare, in hedges; flowers: Noy.-March.—
Gujarat, Decean, Konkan, 8. M. Country.

(20) Cadaba indica, Lam.—Rare, in hedges; flowers: Novy.-March—
Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan, 8. M. Country.

(21) Capparis spinosa, L.—Not common ; flowers: Dec.-March.—-Sind,
Decean, Konkan—N. Africa, Mediterranean region of Enrope,
Australia.

(22) Capparis spinosa, L., var. galeata, Hook., f. and Thoms.—Sind.—~
Arabia, E. Africe.

(23) Capparis aphylla, Roth—Very common; flowers: Feb.-March.—
Sind, Gujarat, Deccan—-Arabia, N, Tropical Africa, Egypt.

(24) Capparis sepiaria, L—Rare; flowers: Feb.-March.—Decean,
Kanara,

(25) Capparis horrida, L, f—Not common: flowers: Nov.-Apr.—Sind,
Deccan, Konkan, S. M. Country.

aes

"SAR ) FEY. ©

ve Wry 4's

ew) bevel Geyuva “id » aytls aay?
pat ati ls yh ewe }-~il ix
va At GOs nrtel~onet — cal Came ed sheryl
@le- o- f » ime th af J
— eal eT
: mi: onc SB 6 Us iops! ios ’ saslemle ! |
7 7 5 ope ree gol wi tale r]

; oO gaenne see a) Beste, pe SUM itl ae “pale

: Ani value
i i) sai te te)
ite RF vegan, AAD Mi ineriiens i ed dai widen KAN)

7 > oa jaa

- :
y ' ‘ :
ae ha
ena > 0s =e 4 si aj +b

: rare tpl: Tyed Sali a abe 2
a id ove GH” 7 oy, ne Qe yt 1 Weaagnte

a ’ ida”

a 7

= eager 1b @G
ahr wit ih eats iia
t as Nie : iyi hin

Pehle seo pu

v4* @@l 1
i>e
suai. *

lit iti

e Ree) ie)

7 - : asim ant’ ell, a4

sh o vai ata?
oe ee a) ee ee pou eee ta Seth, ails
7 e ov itail a ee ee | animate aus aa
ae Fev
’ > guia oh a in st me 7 ad
y ’ oF ou Tt He . fone, Leeennete ‘hye\ont

la a tying pee pre

sespuniet die wal aaty!t Snaeve
q hy Vip anal prion slides HE

are all, awl J *
a. vn 72)
Yer

764 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol, VIL.

8. Resedacee—
5) Reseda pruinosa, Delile.-—Rare.—F lowers : March.—Sind.

7) Reseda aneheri, Boiss.—Rare.—Sind.

2
(2
9, Violacee—

(28) Viola stoeksit, Boiss.—Flowers: July-Augnst.—Sind, Gujarat—

Beluchistan, Afghanistan.
19. Polygalacee —

(29) Polygala erioptera, DC.—On dry cultivated gronnd.—Sind, Gujarat
Deccan, Konkan—Tropical Asia and Africa.

(30) Polygala elongata, Mlein—On sandy cultivated ground : fowers :
Aug.-Dee.—Konkan, Kanara, S. M, Couniry.

(31) Polygala irvegalaris, Boiss.—On sandy tilled soil: flowers: Dve—
Sind, Gujarat—Beluchistan, Arabia, Kordofan.

ll. Caryophyllacee—

(32) Polycarpea corymbosa, Lam.—On sandy ground; fowers: Noy,-
Feb.—Sind, Deccan, Konkan, S. M. Country—Tropies! Asia,
Africa, America, Australia.

(33) Polyearpea spicata, Wight.—On sandy soil; Sowers: Noy.-Fel—
Sind, Gajarat—Arabia, Abyssinia, Egypt.

12. Portulacacew—

(84) Portulaca oleracea, L.—A pretty common weed ; flowers: Sept. Jan.
—Thronghout the Presidency.

(35) Portulaca quadrifida, L.—Common; flowers: Sept.-Jan—-ind,
Deccan, S, M. Country.

(36) Portulaca taberosa, Roxb.—On sandy soil, less common than the
foregoing species : flowers: Aug,-Sept.—Sind.

13. Tamaricacec-— ;

(37) Tamarix dioica, Roxb.—In river beds; flowers: Nov-Dec.
Throughout the Presideney—Afghanistan, Assam, Borneo.

(38) Tamarix ericoides, Rott].—Raver than T dioica ; flowers: Novy.
Jan.—Sind, Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan, Kanara.

14. Elatinacee—
(39) Bergia odorata, bdgew.—Flowers: Oct.-Dee.—Sind, Gujarat.
15, Malvacew—

(40) Althea lndwigii, .—Sind, Deccan—W. Asia, Mediterranean vegion,
S. Africa.

(41) Malva parviflora, L.-~About hnman habitations: flowers: Dee,-
Feb.—Sind, Deccan —W. Asia, N. Africa, Europe.

(42) Sida veronicifolia, Lam.—Very common on sandy soil: flowers :
Oct.-Dec.—Sind. Gujarat, Konkan, S. M. Country.—Tvrapical
and subtropical regions of the world.

(43) Sida spinosa, L.—Flowers : Oct.-Dec, —Sind, Gujarat, Decean, Kon-

kan—Tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

ay‘ 4¢@ Ok WC {ey AM A, oS) is ve ‘serene Ue
wh =
wT er ee
i ; ah
, oS ;
=i aryel ipi®. DIN GAN ie f a ; .
coy mint haw igh
a i) é
AXe 4 Avg he vote fl d . : Z
iJ BA. 19) ed, cart . ‘0
i ‘Airgun ey ae | od f nD. cet nan ;
ih Goplini 6) o-oo im oy
ee “tify
. Paige? mtu, yal te qane? pil
ie oe
: 2) =e | nid : 7 va ioe

v0 Yooh ire y EW, cde 2 <9)
ee - 7 uae Et),

ihe vbw ee ih iy i” ae »
oi OG; = bd jun

: - an we OD) 0 Liles ees | pees M0 2 4)
es ae ee er ees

ae Hivown toed 6 Se ih eah hes

wun @ * |
- o£ Aivihdi a net dt Galt waned ong ont Teey
fcr Meus" of ig Gas pet
* —amninenes 20 = -

stl COR \ Sy eds < sinpqate 7 :
te eye’ nian) ela e tN aed, nT
me Laat : ont «4 i <i ‘Se en
: ia. hate a ae ei oe apt, 4
ee
a iy Math, Weudts- Magi wu oe yea as ae
Uns = wae | Le
od) —@ [ y sheet nyt J anatali'l eager (Aah -
5 en «
met CI ia ye Pra te

eile we ~ clef 7

16.

Wie

(48)

(49)

(50)

(51)

(92)

(58)
(59)
(60)
(61)
(62)
(63)

ON THE FLORA OF CUTCH., 765

Sida rhombifolia, var. retusa, Masters.—Very common : flowers
Oet.-Jan-—Gnjarat, Decean, Konkan, 8S. M. Country.

Abutilon indicum, Sweet-——Very common ; flowers: Oct.-Jan.—
Sind, Decean, Konkan, 8. M1. Country.

Abnutilon muticum, Sweet.- Common ; flowers: Sept.-Jan,—Throngh-
out the Presidency.

Abuiilon graveolens, W. & A.-- Not common ; flowers: Noy.
Jan.—Sind—From tropical Africa to Queensland.

Malachra capitata, L.—Flowers : Sept.-Dee.—Naturalized in many
places in India.

Urena sinuata, I.—Flowers: Oct.-Dec.—Gujarat, Deecan, S. M.
Country——All tropical regions.

Pavonia elechomifclia, Gareke.—In sheltered places, under hedges
and bushes; flowers : Sept.-Oct.—Sind, Caujarat—Arabia, Tro-
pical Africa.

Pavonia zeylaniea, Cay.—Common : flowers : Sept.Jan.—Siod, Guje-
rat, Deccan—Tropical Africa, Mauritius, Ceylon.

Pavonia odorata, Willd.—Common ; flowers: Sept.-Jdan.—lhonkan,
S. M. Country—Tropical Africa, Ceylon,

Hibiscus trionum, L.—Flowers: Sept.-Jan.—Sind, Deccan, Koukan—
Southern Hurope, Tropics of the Old World.

Hibiscus micranthus, L.—Cominon « fowers : Oct.-Noy.--Sind, Guja-
rat, Deccan, Konkan, S. MM. Country—Tropical Africa, Ceylon.
Hibiscus intermedius, A. Rich.—Common ; flowers : Ang.-Oct.—

Sind, Gujarat—Avabia, Tropical Africa.

Hibiscus solandra, W?Hér.—Flowers: Oct.-Dee. —Gujarat, Konkan,
$. M. Country.—Asia, tropical Africa.

Hibiscus cesius, Garecke.—Flowers : Oct.-Noy.—Decean—Afghamis-
tan, N. Australia, S. Africa.

Hibiseus punctatus, Dalz.—Flowers ; Sept.-Jan.

Hibiseus esculentus, L.—Cultivated,

Thespesia populnea, Poland.—Not wild: flowers : Noy.-Jan.

Gossypium stocksii, Mast.—Flowers: Dec.-Jan.—Sind,

Gossypium herhaceum, L. var.

Gossypium arboream, L.

Sterculiacew—

(64)

Melhania tomentosa, Stocks.—Guyjarat, Sind.

(64a.) Waltheria indica, L.—Not common; flowers: Sept.-Oct.-

Decean, S. M. Country.—Wumer resions of the world.

Tiliacer.—

(65)

Grewia populifolia, Vahl—Common ; flowers: Sept.-Nov.—Sind.,
S. M, Country—Beluchistan, Afghanistan, S. Persia, Arabia
Tropical Africa, Mauritius, Ceylon.

(66) Grewia villosa, Willd.—Common—Sind, Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan.

nei aitiver (ne! :
(dz nae ve wd
bot iF SHiea ‘
Sl .
; rt : «ae } «
+ OF, UPD Gubiere ” ; Pare ht
: Lb: i b tar
§ ew » in af Enibtrre | : a ; ¢ et) i
: : ; ; v
: ’ A »2) gto 7 b f an je wij
. + ‘wnt
- ) 7 ar ~ i '
7 i ; ' 7 a ee , i ¥ 4 é
a ong en't ; :

| Weel (6... £09 penal yet 2 seeRh pg
PB ged EO OMAN SE ee gil A
Let oT nda pi! ‘ * + sha ord i —., fish Sea wr (4
ib aril Ay ae pods
See aes pha td atte seit Oy
, is oot fe ujiet poh gone et, ~
of 50 aed daihly-).4 0 i ort ele tn
; af 7 i4 piles ‘ae es
a te wl a | ih 1 re ee
qj ® PRS, WN) od al Onn oa ef
‘ 4 eee & wai P an peels J Wi Pesta, ¢ tiepeallt
Li > ee pvt? be At PS aul) Es
7 7 7 oa f = vin 4 0) Gere eh OE ee a
a ie vt aie _~atl) weeiyeneaPl
: ay =i
aa re a> gan arene . f
ee : noetagtt \-
_ ey MP aera?

exe? gO gales

, art (|) 7 otha
Oye, : aj a go ey 1 sai
ek Ce eee

— 1 Gio ls eee (O%

salt coe ave tt ee 8 oii @e

vill Git:

PL i i |

1a q "

7h6 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XVIL1

(67) Trinmfetta rhomboidea, Jacquin.—Common ; flowers: Sept.-Jap.—
Deccan, Konkan, $. M. Country, Kanara—China, Malaya, Tropi-
cal Africa. :

(68) Triumfetta rotundifolia, Lam.—Common ; flowers: Aug.-Sept.—
Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan.

(69) Corchorus olitorius, &.—Common ; flowers : Sept.—Sind, (rujarat
Deccan, Konkan. 8. M. Country —All tropical regions.

(70) Corchorus antichorus, Raensch.—Common ; flowers: Sept.-Nov.—
Sind, Gujarat, Deccan—Afghanistan, Arabia, Tropical Africa,
Cape de Verde Islands.

(71) Corchorus acutangulus, Lam.—Flowers : Sept.-Oct.—Sind, Gujarat,
Konkan—Ceylon.

18. Malpighiacee—

(72) Hiptage madablota, Gertn.*—Decean, Konkan, Kanara—Ceylon,

Java, China.
19. Zygophyllacee.—

(73) Tribulus terrestris, L.—Common ; flowers: Aug.-Oet.—Sind, Guja-
rat, Deccan, 8S. M. Country.

(74) Tribulus alatus, Delile —Flowers : Oct.Dec.—Sind—Arabia, N.
Africa.

(75) Seetzenia orientalis, Dene.—Sind—Arabia, Africa.

(76) Peganum harmala, %. —Flowers : Nov.-Dec—Sind, Deccan, Kon-
kan-—Soongaria, Arabia, N. Africa, Hungary, Spain.

(77) Zygophyllum simplex, L.—Flowers : Nov.-Jan.—Sind—Avrabia,
Western Asia, Tropical Africa.

(78) Fagonia cretica, L.—Very common ; flowers: Oct.-Jan.—Sind,
Decean.

20. Geraniacew. —

(79) Monsonia senegalensis, Guill.—Pretty common ; flowers: Aug.-
Oct.—Sind, Gujarat, Deecan—Beluchistan, Arabia, Senegambia,

(80) Oxalis corniculate, L.—Flowers : Oct.-June—Cosmopolitan.

21. Rutacea—

(81) Murraya koenigii, Spreng.—In gardens—Deccan, Konkan, Kanara,
S. M. Country—Ceylon.

(82) Citrus medica, L., var. medica, Citron.—In gardens.

(83/2 se L., var. limetta, Sweet Lime—In gardens,
(84), 55 L., yar. acida, Sour Lime.—In gardens.

(85) Citrus aurantium, L.—Orange. In gardens.
(86) Citrus decumana, Murr.—Pammelo. In gardens.
(87) Feronia elephantum, Corr.—Iin gardens—Jaya, Ceylon.
22. Simarubacee—
(88) Balanites roxburghii, Planch.—Common ; flowers : March-May—
Gujarat, Deecan, Konkan, 8. M. Country—Drier parts of India.

1, 1 have not seen this plant; I give it om the authority of Murrey.

e
ver Ac ek TRO BIS WA pa eto.
; s 2! ;
A whittle ic A, tial eer h al gts DE (PA)
eit ie ‘wie Wal Weal em Wlees) , ae>nsi!
y : : hian
Ages, Pepe. tree nats me ssimiwia edie T via)
| =) yy HNMR dad eet labs
: ax yt agi’ Seco? 2 ai ti ai? = iy, 69 eal

miles enti 8 &- iio
: ; nie wear, vapape yt ite rave ni
id a Paal ale. ital are ls g latin
ehinled dye? ae aay

7 a el A nh) (07 i aff 1 BOW. COG ss, SAS |

ee
te ' 2 sah! AC Rs

*

: | pre gte sap an tiak i's a oA Vimeo oa yey)
. f 4 daly
: : : eaalytecds
| _ lh atte wil vam nel sah LaiAomgr mepercieth) (0) |

‘qemu 44 Fs! oo@eel Om
a tie 4 yim? > sw! ee ee

a at
' fi : 7 in—pie— 2 eee adel (A)
: ae 17) lit” peel ate ® geetiidy,” FY
i a ‘owe Mepis) pany are
: : 7 Ae ) v) i 7 eo ae ay Qos ea

; OS OF Pe el neh koran yar rs /
; ae ye : nn eee ier a
at : 7 7 PN ye * =5 } bes gh ‘

7 : ys
ty of,
=5 : = : 4 :
: 7 By i aii Pere “i. ty Vel agony nae Pe i A
. ‘ = oan" ™ Slat cel wiht AY gasygurts ie
: . ; a sic: cpet glia qa opo4 ov- ¢ “Acie . :

4 y t | pest: (nee ss <i
q :

2 Sapna Epa
Sat ao Hh fellate mee

frig Pert | sat
1 iy enTeDs: a eae

ON THE FLORA OF CUTCH. 767

25. Burseracec.—

(89) Commiphora mukul, Engl.— Pretty common on rocky ground :
flowers : Dec.-April—Sind, Deccan, Rajputana, Arabia, Beluchis-
tan.

24. Melzacea.—
(90) Melia azedavach, L.-—In gardens — Persia, China.
(91) Azadirachta indica, A. Juss.—In gardens.

25. Celastracee.—

(92) Gymnosporia montana, Benth.—On rocky ground, not common ;
flowers: Oct.-Noy.—Sind, Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan, Kanara—
Central, South-western and North-western parts of India, Af-
ghanistan, Central Africa. Malaya, Australia.

26. Rhamnacew.—

(93) Zizyphus jujuba, Lamk.—Very common : fiowers: Sept.-Oct.—
Throughout India.—Afghanistan, Ceylon, China, Australia,
Africa.

(94) Zizyphus rotundifolia, Lamk.—Not common ; flowers: Sept.-Oct.—
Gujarat, S. M. Country, Punjab, Western Peninsula, Persia.

(25) Zizyphus cenoplia, Mill.—Not common ; fowers : Sept.-Oct:—-Deccan
Konkan, Kanara, 8. M. Country —Hotter parts of India, Tropica!

Asia, Australia.

Ww
Ps)

Vitacew.-~
(96) Vitis trifolia, L.—Not common; flowers: Aug. —Deccan, Konkan,
Kanara, 5. M. Country—throughout India, Ceylon, Malacca.
25. Sapindaeer.—
(97) Sapindus laurfolims, Vahl.—Cultivated ; flowers : Oct.-Dec,—Indi
genous in N. Kanara.
29. Anacardiacec.
(98) Rhus mysorensis, Heyne.—Not common, on stony dry slopes ;
flowers: Jnne-July—Sind, Deccan, S. M. Country—Throughont
India.
(99) Mangifera indica, l.--Cultivated ; flowers: Jan.-March.

a. Moringacee.—

(100) Moringa pterygosperma, Gertn.—Cultivated, near villages in tilled

soil—Indigenons on the W. Himalaya and in Oudh.
31. Leguininose.—

(101) Crotalaria burhia, am.—Common in sandy places ; flowers: Dec.
Feb.—Sind, Gujarat—N. W. India, Afghanistan, Beluchistan.

(102) Crotalaria retusa, L.—Common ; flowers: Sep.-Jan.—Deecan, Kon-
kan, 5. M. Country—Throughout India, Ceylon, China, Malaya.
N. Australia, Tropical Africa.

(103) Crotal jariauncea, —Common ; flowers : Aug.-Jan.--Malay Islands,
Australia.

a CO i a
i +=
, “~ ° at
; donnie > OS Pites § A ‘ont d £049)
v4 re tie!) ait Oi). 1 ’ “a
| - Se
P . 2 bd,
a : ; ; br YitreGBiek LIC)

2 rye ‘ ~ceaeuprn pils

: - Care: . : wage? oj Gamatyeret) 2a]
— 4 swf " af at Hie
; 1 stag Fs , yee mie |

. * ; Lea sor bead

: i sicercsS «of
See Ms . Pe
oe eats ih \ ae aie et a
7 ae vat 5
a a ~~ : a.
ps vee ahh yi or? dy Wie ees (8 ) '
7 : - - pal AD ay / pe, o) 1 © Setvpyel?
: ? (w 1 D g i We a he aorta ai
: rw i 1 ' bt tt @ghast®
i ' ther 41 hae :
" ; aha MY
7 7 ere oe y po 4 (land emery’ oie FG BG)

- onslh OA? wien" ~Teaaige’ © gata l ;

he 7“ | bes a

q oh hy yer 7) <ehhuoerl frre: 9 Hh
— Ca 2

: oe \, a eet ida - ott, a7 ae ty
ee yes wt. vie) permet.

whet a>! | eh snde Se el a

a oe
' § ‘pg aa ai Reet yy te <a pd (dednieaueteal toll s
=r ' thee “_ icant} a at shea Ww,

; ye? Pl ain tii yo titer’ adeiiey i,
~¢ ns sali 1 Maenrtina 04 |,
eee) — 1 emits amy

aera ; i Sead ; _

a
=a

768 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XV IU,

(104) Crotalana medicaginea, Lam., var. neglecta, Baker.—Sind, Gujarat,
Konkan—Tropical India, Ceylon, Malaya, Afghanistan, China,
Australia.

(105) Crotalaria notonii, W. and A.—On sandy soil—Guyjarat, Nilghiri
and Pulney Hills.

(106) Melilotus indiea, All.—Sind, Deecan—Tropical India, Enrope
S. Persia, Afghanistan.

(107) Medicago sativa, L.—Cultivated.

(108) Lotus garcini, DC.—Flowers: Nov.-Dec—Sind, Gujarat-—Persia
Nubia.

(109) Indigofera linifolia, Retz——Common ; flowers : Aug.-Dee.—Deccan
Konkan, S. M. Country—Throughout India, Ceylon, Afghani-
stan, Abyssimie, N. Australia.

(110) Indigofera enneapbylla, L.—Common ; flowers : Aug.-Dece.—Gujarat,
Decean, Konkan, S. M. Conntry—Plaims of India, Ceylon
Angola, Malay Islands, N. Australia.

(111) Indigofera anabaptista, Steud.—F lowers : Ang.-Noy.—Sind—Punjab,
Afghanistan, Arabia.

(112) Indigofera paucifolia, Delile—Common ; flowers: Al] the year—
Gujarat, Sind—Plains of India, Ceylon, Beluchistan, Arabia,
Jaya, Tropical Africa.

(113) Indigofera trifoliata, I.—Not common ; flowers: Sept.Nov.—
Gujarat, Deccan, 8S, M. Country, Konkan—Thronghout India,
Ceylon, Java, China, Philippines, N. Austraha.

(114) Indigofera articulata, Goiian.—F lowers: Noy.-Dee.—Sind, Dee-
ean—Arabia, Ngypt, Abyssinia.

(115) Indigofera tenuifolia, Rottl.—Flowers : Oct.-Noy.—Sind, Gujarat.
S. M. Country, Konkan—Western Peninsula, Ceylon.

(116) Indigofera parviflora, Heyne.—Rare ; Flowers : Nov.-Dec. —Kon-
kan, S. M. Country—Western Peninsula, Carmatic, Arabia,
Tropical Africa, N. Australia.

(117) Indigofera tinctoria, 4.—Not common ; flowers : Sept.-Dec.

(118) Indigofera hirsuta, L—Not common ; flowers : Sept.-Dee.—Konkan,
S. M. Country—Plains of India—Ceylon, Tropical Africa and
America, Java, Philippines, N. Australia.

(119) Tephrosia tenuis, Wall.—Flowers: Sept.-Nov.—Sind, Deccan,
Konkan, $. M, Country—Punjab, Burma, Laccadives.

(120) Tephrosia, purpurea, Pers.—In sandy places ; flowers : Sept.-Dec.—
Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan, 8. M. Country.

(121) Tephrosia villosa, Pers.—var. incana, Baker ; Common in sandy
places ; flowers : Sept..Dee.—Gujarat, S. M. Country.

(122) ‘Tephrosia senticosa, Pers-—In sandy places : flowers :

Sept.-Dec.—

Deccan, Konkan, Western Peninsula—Burma, Ceylon.
(123) Sesbania wgyptiaca, Poir. var. bicolor, W. and A.—Flowers :
Sept.-Dee.

yt oa

Tei) fini Avi, ©

io aur ea a

AMIN ge a A pads

Siren) Shi j ni

: 2, etl, haere eS

v0 iit meet
a shy al

regal. a i
- bas wh. :
oe

7

A alle a
J ees
Paes — pe : ® 7 aa ie |

oe we SE Byed <oint, -4ys

‘| @ al ee i? |

edi Ma 7. Se nf ,
=
‘nea fi» ‘ ‘i }
ee wh ‘ Tth—4
4
doce J wT & oy
qt bder
f ’ ry f og img
=
] ; alts :
ci i =) 7 soe ag ht pyat)
nie a ! i gral vay igh (ons
4h, ¢
2 Vs - ol. mi a (fA > Ls
21 = ary i © gat bata le

rit f Saw yal (o 4
co went ti & oilin aM it pant)
Se eet a Pied ital
ZN Goon Pa apy
‘i y it)’ Ta :
es SMe
Naor Wager 1h
qu’ ‘
(Fi Rpg Ome
ole memtagtiin’ Te ty
vie | (om

i

rAd

le {
~j i at Nae

et (eee ae.

ae Mae geil, mitre om ities [v.02

ies tet el ape acme
Soil 19! eu’ aiaguae® )s)
BRO» >a /ye-1T Baoge —
¢
a oie FT eee vw 2 ome
— = Omnia “2 a hyn. \ pe tg is
oe ha ayes
: wae! "we

Lat he ea) |
—

apt

ce — wile:

a a

Saal head wen, |

ON THE FLORA OF CUTCH. 769

(124) Sesbania aculeata, Poir—Very common: flowers: Aug.-Oct. —IKon
kan, Deecan—Tropies of the Old World.

(124) Tavernier nummularia, DC.—-Flowers : Dee. Sind, Gujarat, Deccan
—Punjab, Afghanistan.

(126) Alhagi camelorum, Fisch. —Not common: flowers: Mareh.—Sind,
Gujarat, S. M. Country. N. and NW. Provinces —Beluchistan,
Egypt, Arabia.

(127) Zornia diphylla, Pers.--Very common ; flowers: Aug.-Oct.— Decear
S. M. Country,

(128) Alysicarpus vaginalis, DC. flowers: Oct-Noy.—Gujara:, Decean
Konkan, throughout India —Ceylon, Afghanistan, Tropics of the
Old World.

(129) Alvsicarpus longifohus, W. and A.—flowers : Sept-—Gujarai, Deecan,
Konkan, Plains of India.

(130) Alysicarpus rugosus, DC. var. styvacifolius, Baker—Sind, Gujarat
Konkan, throughont India—Ceylon.

(131) Abrus precatorius, L.—Not common; flowers : Sept.-Oct.—-Gujarat,
Deecan, Konkan, Kanara.—India, Ceylon, throughont the
Tropics.

(132) Butea frondosa, Koenig.—Rare ; flowers: Heb.-March.—Gujarat,
Decean, Konkan—India, Ceylon.

(133) Phaseolus trilobus, Ait.—Flowers : Oct.-Noy.—find, Gujarat, Dee-
ean, Konkan.

(134) Phaseolus vulgaris, l..--Cultivyated—S. America.

(135) Phaseolus mungo, L., var. voxburghi, Prain—Cultivated in the ramy
season.

(136) Phaseolus aconitifolius, Jacquin.—Cultivated in the rainy season.

(137) Clitovia ternatea, I4,—Common in hedges ; flowers : Aug.-Nov.—Cene-
rally in the Tropies.

(128) Dolichos lablab, L.—Cultivated—Tropies of the Old World.

(139) Rhynchosia minima, DC.—Common in hedges—flowers ; Aug.-Jan.—
Sind, Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan, S. M. Conntry, India—Ceylon,
throughout the ‘Tropies, Cage, United States.

(140) Pongamia glabra, Vent.—Planted.

(141) Cajanus indicus, Spreng.—Cultivated—Tropical Africa.

(142) Cicer arietinum, Ju.—Very little grown, Cold weather.

(145) Cexsalpinia bondueella, Fleming.—Not common; flowers: Aug.
Sept.—NSind, Deccan, Kanara—India, throughout the Tropics.

(144) Cesalpinia pulcherrima, Swartz.—Cultivated.

(145) Poinciana elata, .—Planted,

(145) Poinciana regia, Bojer.—Planted.—Madagasear.

(147) Parkinsonia aculeata, L.—Naturalized—Tropical America.

(148) Cassia occidentalis, L.—Not common ; flowers : Aug.-Oct.—Through
out India and the Tropics.

7

7 vou

. >

. co
a

ri a
= %

.

> ‘ cu! ‘
~) “= ; ; oe cote © HSI]
, : wl } ‘ irc — .
sabi! ia j ajiern® (055)
“0 +=
a = 7] ’ : ot
ad > WA rowel
Mol wey
Capgreea! cat sigs ergo Trey)
1%
ee att 7 fore A TORT)
ee T 4 ey it ) et:
E : ‘fe! Vy
ma ve ’ me ey otter) fag)
os A 7 aan eat |
= ey! «. = : : ee ees ee +.
. ees os LL hoe j
) - in © SnPileend ede Lip Ve
S i Wine ieotl a bt
; sal y :
ai A fi oR auteeen etlitl! Mats 7
: Bate aN pea
al) in fy te te acienta! mornele TIS 90"
wie «a '
tv's » aq Adige olsotalt 115)
pape &y Fyeot =. an ghiMbeye ee us GM, ¢
hi
aoe, ba Meta 2°. ee sitihaedhcaeneat mye
pie HOR Gg sebeinc adie sie!» whaas | an aspen etoraety ACL
i ee i
eT? a4) i ' gavel G6 Miata nal odd
made ar) : : Ab Pie ee koe pon

wei?) Sadek celine» | ” alia a
oe aigey mel ty ent (Gy Pe ace Saher
? 7 He Holy} att de
sheVe itoddingall ted ee anglais
eam, op * i ere te ee
mae) rare as = Die) ea
ame" een. btn gt ah appeal
Seer. - a" gael

a hick Qaape eaMaat
A feeder 4 date) ‘me

prey Dae oot. ght Hes

77) JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XVI1J,

(149) Cassia sophora, Ju.—Not common: flowers ¢ Aug.-Nov.—India, most
Tropical Countries,

(150) Cassia tora, L.—Not common ; flowers : Sept.-Dec.—India, generally
throughout the Tropics.

(151) Cassia auriculata, L—Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan, 8. M. Country,
Western Peninsula, Central Provinces—Ceylon.

(152) Cassia obtusa, Roxb—Not common: flowers: Nov.-Feb.—Sind,
Gujarat, Deccan, S. M. Country.

(155) Cassia holosericea, Fresen.—Flowers : Noy.-Jan.—Sind— Arabia,
Tropical Africa.

(154) Cassia pumila, Lamk.—Very common; flowers: Aug.-Sept.—
Deccan, S. M. Country, Kanara.—Tropical Asia and Australia.

(155) Tamavindus indica, .—Not common, about villages, cultivated.

(156) Bauhinia racemosa, Lamk.—Rare ; flowers: March-June—Deccan,
Konkan, India—Ceylon, China, Timor.

(157) Prosopis spiciger=, L.—Very common ; flowers: Dec.-March—Sind,
Gujarat, India—Beluchistan, Afghanistan, Persia.

(25S) Dichrostachys cinerea, W. and A.—Rare, on dry stony ground: fiow-
evs: Oct.-Noy.—Decean, 8. M. Country, Kanara, Iudia— Ceylon,
Malay Islands, N. Australia,

(159) Mimosa rubicaulis, Lamk.—Flowers : Sept.-Nov.—Sind, Deccan,
throughout India, Afghanistan,

(160) Mimosa hamata, Willd —Common ; flowers: Sept.-Oct.—Gujarat,
Deeean, Konkan, 8. M. Country, Western Peninsula.

(161) Acacia arabica, Willd—Very common ; flowers: July-Peb.—Inilia-
Ceylon, Arabia, Egypt, Tropical Africa. Natal.

(162) Acacia farnesiana, Willd.—Not indigenous ; flowers: Sept.-March—
Sind, Deccan, throughout the Tropics.

(163) Acacia eburnea, Willd.—Pretty common ; flowers: Noy.-Feb.—
Sind, S. M. Country, India—Ceylon, Arabia, Afghanistan.

(164) Acacia jacquemoati, Benth.—Rare; flowers: Jan.-May—sSind,
Gujarat, Punjab, Rajpntana.

(165) Acveia lencophlea, Willd—Common ; flowers: Dec.-Feb,—Decean,
S. M. Country.

(165) Acacia catechu, Willd., var. sundva Prain.—Pretty common in bushy
localities—Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan, 8. M. Country.

(167) Albizzia lebbek, Benth—Planted in gardens and near wells;
flowers: March-May—Tropical and subtropical Asia aud Africa,

32. Hosacee —

(168) Potentilla supina, L,—Flowers : Oct.-Nov.—Sind, Gujarat, India—

Afghanistan, Atlantic, N. Africa, N. Asia.
33. Saxcifragacer.—

(169) Vahlia viscosa, Roxb.—Flowers: Dec.-Jan.—Sind, Gujarat, Konkan,

India—Persia, Egypt, Tropical Africa.

¢
i
eT) Poe Ln oo ee pa CATR
as = guy tie ev 7 i its t ; ;
] yh Pris)! f {
tae iyie: | ' S ais OR OUT eee BOD (N04 -
— 1 Pe a
mal oi lai dj atrcot ° Galanne deeds (1%
ihr 7 a LOT yweatee'4
a0 Ra ay! ren oF | snjite Ge Zi ieee,
. 3 ’ pied Sait?
7 jeppab!! =) | v/xs we mi (med. eG =k, ia
re Cr ig e
_ a hl ahd a aie ’ min 8 o a8)
; i” ap wnt i f a ETL wf Ae ie
: joi ae * 4 ur Shape CSD pi eee
Wile. “ 1) Alea! at oe ee ae eo FM :
ee s 4 LV 7
7 ne oe fas
to oa wou heel sft Sat ny ;
ae : Ss tile .<AepeneP ae are. 3. ‘

Ph Ore

= i 95 Nea
- ; aii al!
: 1

i” oh

Tue awe

>i yas aie

+. ~ Wi Ae

gurefe0. © eed er
; *. jan 1f0? Ba b seni ae
wires re re ge” nbn “i re
- at as as

i? tie ae

j ne
. u gt ey =r :
i PY ee MW Seemed. omelle OM)
wr ari, ea alae Tinted raga .
ie Ge h~.( Sar) SEM pea ae pei *y
aS ibe ne pe
: Or ees - parce em (ity if 4
om . Pitan if'. « vie home all Seljs

jody) Canad oy Fae : Aug ¢ (eee) gt >
: 7 \ gpa on = _¥ ge? ie : ;
rarer ti ad ae :
ree ee te ee a

itn @

he
Ay y Piel pats: am

Ni ee artes

‘

iene a

Bei

7 Aue ~ theshi

ae yas
hh aed 4

- 5
eV,
7 Ene

ON THE FLORA OF CUTCH, 77)

34. Haloragidacec—
(170) Myriophyllum intermedium, DC—In ponds—Deccan, 5. M. Conn-
try, Kanara, Western Peninsula Malaya, Australia, New Zealand,
S. America.
35. Rhizophoracer—
(171) Rhizophora mucronata, Lamk—lIn salt-marshes and tidal creeks :
flowers: Aug.-Jan.—Froem Sind to Kanara—Tropies of the Old
World and Australia.
(172) Rhizophora conjugata, Ju, —Less common than the foregoing
species, in the same localities ; flowers: Aug,-Jan.
(173) Bruguiera ¢ymnorhiza, Lamk,—In salt marshes along the coast,
36. Myrtacee,—
(474) Eugenia jambolana, Lamk.—In gardens and near wells : flowers :
March-May—Throughout the Presidency, but not in Sind.
India generally—Ceylon, Malaya, Australia.
(175) Psidium guyava, 1.—Cultivated—Mexico.
37. Lythracee—
(176) Ammannia baccifera, l.—Fiowers : Nov.-Dee.—Sind, Gujarat, Dee
ean, Kanara, Konkan, India—Ceylon, Afghanistan, Malaya
China, Australia, Tropical Afiiea,
(177) Ammannia salicifolia, Monti.—Flowers : Noy.—-Sind, Deeean. S. M.
Country, Konkan, throughout India—Tropical Africa.
(178) Wawsonia inermis, L..—Growing wild and cultivated.
(179) Puniea granatum, &.—Cultivated—Wild in Persia, Beluehisian, Af-
ghanistan.
38. Cueurbitacee—
(180) ‘Trichosanthes anguina, L.—Cultivated.
(181) Momordica charantia, L.--Cultivated. Sind, Deccan, throughent
India—Ceylon, Malays, China, Tropical Africa.
(182) Momordica balsamina, [.—Flowers: Noy.-Dee.—Sind, Decean,
Cajurat, Panjab, N..W. Provinces—Malaya, Australia, W. Asia,
Africa.
(183) Luffa egyptiaca, Mill-—In gardens,
(184) Lnffa echinata, Roxb.—Flowers : Sept.-Oct.—Sind, Gujarat—Tro-
pical Africa.
(185) Cueumis trigonus, Roxb-~-Common; flowers: -Aug.-Dec. Sind,
Deccan, all over India--Ceylon, Afghanistan, Persia, Malays.
N. Anstvalia.
(186) Cucumis melo, L.—Cultivated—Probably imdigenous in NW.
India, Beluchistan and Tropical Africa.
(187) Cucumis melo, L., var. agrestis, Naud-—-Common—sind, Deccan
S. M. Country.

188) Bryonopsis laciniasa, Naud.—Not common, in hedges: flowers

| vi a wi. re
Oa A !
ne | i Nt has ii Sans 2a) Meee)
ii be iat / a4 TP) | a
ni
i imptipe is 2
’ « iievsionen O-WAQouas, SALT)
tA ; i i wine 2 | HO?
ibid javit ani
ny ng air stowed Qari)
1 + Sw kee Awl) Ob ectenqe
> dees Pango’ UN)
dee. ult
- ‘ » ary Sey) smple— ere] ahs ‘Ty a
+ «PE Sy fu. a Sg al) eemligtp eae Pagel itera
ue : Te en ee | .
a Mir> iat Ciepegamie® (fF l) ;
i : oe ee f
; : oan eit Iw? . Oe yteomid, net |
| a j if anctenid iw =—a
‘ : We, Wasmieh Ai m=) 4
; » EPpy ite a Lik To _ ee Opens. - CTT)
; «& ; e ae We Oia be, yeni - -
ue Bal owt A open perowesly (TQ)
7 i ccepeng ae = +erss

“7 ° : tied nag .

. j i A oahu Ai, =
a a = ae 9 ot aennivl WARS

~ _ Oh Srl Fy RO eee wy

=a Gi.) th ” n' coh =a ae “ile 4 + bape cigars
CN 00h ef, ohh (eget asee ‘agent —
>

ae agen
La i 7 Pt Ce ee a) he ae
- 4 dl ty DG week

VAG car yaa Sie’ 4 vm “ah!

@

0,’ : : = 7 =
w* ties, ad
. _ - re AL
ro
i »@
a ; , ae

772 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XV111.

Aug.-Oct.—Decean, S. M. Country, throughout India—Ceylon,
Tropical Africa, Manritins, Malaya, Australia.

(185) Citrullus colocynthis, Schrader.—Pretty common on sandy ground
—Sind, Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan, all over India—Ceylon, Arabia,
W. Asia, Africa, Spain.

(190) Citrullus vulgaris, Schrad.—Cultivyated—Wild in Tropical Africa.

(191) Coceinia indica, W. and A.—Very common in hedges ; flowers :
Almost throughont the whole year—-Sind, Gujarat, S. M.
Country, Decean, all over India—Ceylon, Malaya, Tropical
Africa.

(192) Melothria maderespatana, Cogniaux.—Common inh edges and
bushes—Sind, Gujarat, Decean, Konkan, S. M. Country, all
over India—Ceylon, Afvica, Malaya, Australin.

(193) Blastania gareini, Cognianx.—Not common; flowers: Oct.-Nov.—
Decean, Gujarat, S. M. Country.

(194) Corallocarpus epigwus, C. B. Clarke-—-Pretty common—Sind, Guija
vat, Deecan, S. M. Country, Punjab, Western Peninsnla—Ceylon.

(195) Lagenaria vulgaris, Seringe.—Cultivated.—Wild in Malabar, Dehya
Doon—Abyssinia, Moluceas.

(196) Cucurbita moschata, Duchesne.—Cultivated.

(197) Cucurbita maxima, Duchesne.—Cultivated.

(198) Cuenurbite pepo, L.—Cultivated.

539. Cactacee—
(199) Opuntia dillenii, Haw.—Not common ; used for hedges,
40. Ficoidea— ;

(200) Trianthema monogyna, L.—Very common; Sind, Decean, all over
India—Ceylon, most Tropical Countries.

(201) Trianthema triqnetra, Rottl & Willd.—Very common: flowers
Sept.Noy,—Sird, Gujarat, Deccan, S. M, Country, Konkan,
Punjab, W. Peninsula—Ceylon.

(202) Trianthema pentandra, L.—Common ; flowers: Oct.-Dee.—Sind,
Deccan, S. M. Country, Konkan, Punjab, N.-W. Provinces, W.
Peninsnla—Tropical Africa.

(203) Oxygia decumbens, Forsk.—Ilowers : Dee.-Feb.—Sind, Punjab,
Mysore—Western Asia, Africa.

(204) Mollugo hirta, Thonb.—Not common, in dried up water holes. —
Sind, Deccan, S. M. Country, Konkan, all over India—Ceylon
warmer regions of the World,

(205) Gisekia pharmaceoides, L.—Rare; flowers : Sept.-Oct.—Sind, Gujarat
§. M. Conutry, Konkan, Punjab, W. Peninsula, Ceylon, Beluchis-
tan, Afghanistan, Africa.

11. U'mbellifera.—
(206) Dancus carota, L.—Cultivated.
(207) Coriandrum sativum, L.—Cultivated.

ricee | ie ‘ rea) ried
PO ee ee te) ae i ; a
Se : me ] ‘igri » o
Sgiveagil 7004 » OMe, “uate ’
ave seni \ ‘<7 +) d
aaah gh
ntti Se pine h | woah
: ond pee ki a ; w a ives | #4;
; SiS theirs ae ; ai repre 5% iki
net) ath oe oe i
Gael weps an) 7 ~~) wpotly Farts. « mnt ee
AO a. - a Sa nist! ar o
ire pet wih is) et) a
aca? al wy 2, adbeapyy)! ier otiatenit? (Mi) 7
: et QOD AB A Aw pet
iF pe at fh pa paigegy encverrolaye! 41
Oy de tuo: Cae ee
‘eet We a Ts Yup ee P_uine rr «11d gpul iN

a i
Avup*erigg e swoon er apy > Tao WY)
ainher .o at whl wine cient) hy
Lol Airted dite oilseed aH)

: lhe Hey “Wh
; 7 Ned ttt. oFapopees peer ocr: tr Lion | om

: weg My
aw =) Dar are a a pares yo pollst

Hf Vea? aap, ae
SPE weeny ope Lei a NE aa i 5 “i oh eh,

Quen Bri is i +6 Ue tt Pear
ba? gem ANE oe
oy ai a iim @ 3 Ge eg nce) pepe tehd ate i]
pao (1S LP A. aaah gpa? nad tee
r ~ OANA Ay ; ale
Pent OR MT > # ety patel, 9) . 4 i
Pi. Brelye
wr ik » ath ail Jeti Get ese yr Lar
lige aie iio Mada rind Mee al
hae nai
dire Ne m Drea i (Ae
3 ae Wehr

ON THE FLORA OF CUTCH.

=!

~1
©:

42 Rubiacew.—

(208) Spermacoce stricta, L.Rare: flowers: Noy.-Dec.—Deccan, S. M.

Country, Konkan, India—Ceylon, Tropical Asia and Africa.
45. Compostto. —

(209) Vernonia einerca, Less.—Very common—Aug.-Jan.—Sind, Gujarat,
Deccan, Konkans, §. M. Country, Tropical India—Asia, Africa
and Australia.

210) Adenostemma viscosum, Foust.—Common near watercourses, in gar-
dens and fields; flowers: Sept-~FPeb.—Deeccan, Konkan, 5. AIF
Country, all over india—Ceylon.

(211) Grangea maderaspatana, Poir—llowers : Noy.-April-Sind, Konkan
Kanara, 8. M. Country, throughout India—Ceylon, Tropieal and
Subtropicale, Asia and Africa.

(212) Blumea ampleetens, DC—Flowers: Dec.-Jan.--Gujarat, Konkan,
throughout India—Ceylon.

(213) Pluchea tomentosa, DC.—Flowers: Dee.-Feb.—Sind, Deccan,
Konkan, Kanara, S. M. Conntry, Western Peninsula, Centra!
India, Bengal,

(214) Pluchea wallichiana, DC. —Not common ; flowers : Jan.-Feb.—Sind,
Gujarat, Punjab—Beluchistan.

(215) Pluchea arguta, Boiss.—Not uncommon im stony ground and “by
the sides of watercourses: flowers: Noy.-Peb—Sind, Punjab,
Tyeluchistan.

(216) Spheranthus indicus, L.—Rare, im moist ground ; flowers: Nov.
Feb.—Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan, 8. M. Country, all over India—
Ceylon, Africa, Malay Islands, Australia.

(217) Gnaphalium luteo-album, L.—Sind, Deeean, Konkan, hot and
warm temperate countries.

(218) Gnaphalium indicum, L.—Flowers : Dec.-Feb.—Sind, Deccan, 8. M.
Countvy—India, Burma, Africa, China, Japan, Australia.

(219) Inula grantioides, Boiss—Common on rocky ground ; flowers : Nox
Jan.—Sind, Beluchistan, Wazaristan, S. E. Avabia.

(220)- Vicoa auriculata, Cass.—Flowers: Noy.-Feb.—Deccan, Konkan, 8.
M. Country—India, Ceylon,

(221) Pulicaria angustifolia, DC-——Common in sandy soil; flowers: Noy.
Jan.—Sind, Gujarat, Konkan, Western Peninsula, Chote Nagpur,
Bengal—Beluchistan.

(222) Siegesbeckia orientalis, .—Flowers : Noy.-Jan.—Decean, S. M.
Country— Most tropical and subtropical countries of the world.

(223) Eclipta erecta, L.—F lowers : Nov.-Jan.—Sind, Deccan, Konkan, Wes-
tern Peninsula, Central India, Punjab, Bengal—Burma, Ceylon,
Malaya, everywhere in warm climates.

224) Blainvillea rhomboidea, Cass.—Flowers : Sept.-Oct. —Rind, Deccan—
India, Ceylon, Java, America, Australia.

1, 5 1%
\. 4
‘ : P iT uy eer, ~«
: in P wt ‘ ; art ) “Tia 4 aw i? it
fie j ' 7 Ly Qyet Ree ia ini
ae. A 7 18 Wh :
aap? iia d-di bh, dpenet- (oe
Th " gerne ity i » & giGiwed ot |
ts ‘ te oi Date
oll): ion a “4 ire pes) dpa) = abt, core
: ! f° -iug mw oe y far ig? “ona 1 j
, a a! 17> a ae ‘y
aR Lr dpa Qaim 1G) Ul eiege ede warn” OU
a ee ee | 2) piteen tT OH nae ?
aa f «ie @'i in" eae®
da? *Saxhen 5 vid, Sper qn » Ayo? anad Dp ty
: if = cel tg! mp ahlert bans, Agee
nierdl een eit. Ve yncs i sedan ain SIV)
. ERP wel AE Le, pipet to sett alma ~ 7
7 a “af , J ita Dy) ae? = |
paid dees ry: Shen wh Wt aida eatenT M02)
7 Cane gal dood aibie anspor eS Megan
ote te ee nitesl® (ols :
PY ha ap piety , a ee
-
geben O Sourran ®t
; fc -
sd age! os sian fl ee ee Le
@ a } athe vel @ de sek Di el poppe 7 —_ is
- iis 8, Maha at
} in, they (cede ror Cor df ee aul chit
; * ee Bob CML ed
i lh fe ‘eines ihre ~ alle: ne aN)
; ; da) Dia Hare ‘ Prie ‘ apa
vo Sa? af e am
. sien! i
i Sate: SE aa ; ai
5 5 ae ave pre elon aides “ithe
7 Tits aa Nes oe or .
‘ , . ak Sahay
: .~ ae ‘aa ae —, >”. Pr. ,
ae ino afin & nae i
A Cte, Sarena ;
uty! wi’ ark
we ay Sal
a .
[oe :
4 12

774 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol, XVIII

(225) Bidens pilosa, L.—Flowers: Almost all the year—Dcecan—Most
warm countries.

(226) Echinops echinatus, Roxb.—Flowers: Noy.-Jan—Sind, Deccan,
Konkan, 8. M. Country, all over India.

227) Volutarella divaricata, Benth. & Hook. f.—Flowers: Noy.-Dec.—
Sind, Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan, Western, Central, and Southern
India—Beluchistan, Afghanistan.

(228) Dicoma tomentosa, Cass.—Flowers: Nov.-March—Sind, Gujarat.
Deccan, 8. M. Country—W. Penmsula, N-W. Provinces, Tropical
Atrica.

229) Lactuca remotifora, DC.—Sind, Deecan, §. M. Country —N.-W.
Provinces, Arabia.

(230) Launea pinnatifida, Cass——Common ; Dec.-Jan.—Sind, Gujarat,
Konkan—India, Ceylon, Mauritius, Egypt, B. Africa.

14. Goodeniacew.—

(231) Sexyola kcenigii, Vahl—On the sea-coast ; flowers: July-Aug——
Sind, Konkan---Sea-shores of India, Ceylon, Tropical E. Asia,
Anstvalia, Polynesia.

45. Plumbaginacer.—

(232) Statice stocksii, Boiss—-Flowers: Dec.-Feb.—Sind, Gujarat:

Beluchistan.
46. Primulacea.—
(233) Anagallis arvensis, 1.—Rare : flowers: Sept.-Jan»- Decean—Mos?
temperate regions.
47. Myrsinacee.—
(284) digiceras majuy, Gaertn.—On the sea-coast—Sind. Konkan, Kanara.
48. Sapotacee.—

(235) Mimusops elengi, L.—Cultivated ; flowers: Dec.-March.—Gujarat,
Decean, Konkan, Kanara—Western Peninsula—Ceylon, Malaya.

(236) Mimusops hexandra, Roxb.—Cultivated in gardens and near wells:
flowers : Sept.-Dec.—Gnjarat, Deccan, Konkan, 8. M. Country-» W.
Peninsula, Ceylon.

49. Oleacee.-—
(237) Jasminum sambac, Ait.—Cultivated.
50, Salvadoracee.—

(238) Salvadora persica, L.—Very common ; flowers: Nov.-Feb,—Sind,
Crujarat, Decean, Konkan, Kanara, S. M, Country—Drier regions
of India, Ceylon, ary parts of W. Asia, Egypt, Abyssinia.

239) Salvadora oleoides, Decaisne—Common ; flowers: Dec. March--
Sind, Gujarat, Punjab, Rajputana, Aden.
51. Apocynacew,—

(240) Nerium odorum, Soland.—Grown in gardens, found as an escape
in some places; flowers: All the year—Indigenons in the West-
ern Himalaya and Nepal.

ined sae “SO ee Bas ks wr ay He
: ‘ed atl tay) 1 S i =a é a af »| aaihf ms
i ® — Ahhh « aves ‘ ; ua - ‘ ray .
i =. ae idldeerd 4 \(p Vee?
es wwe PKB =? (les «t (As Pe ae te
c An’ Neots | ee ee) ee holt SiG Aare
7 f | rn ‘ a] nw y orf sf
. : ian ahi, wip 0 reegen " / ‘ ry oe tbe® , Regi’) ONE
oe hip rtmiee 4,0 «pp hhaellagl adatnel
=veld if
_ ; - , :
a Sas aioe se wi etrme! fi hy Series patted | SEA
OP, £P ita i | rte )

y J ey ql Sabet uy vy + Ee Ay Tage omate (4)
0 - : < Sara et aie aS iF gl agahind
a o i _ bd : . 2 Oeabartiy..i'
= pearl A a in ) @Gi: aiery ‘o wpsargd Weownl (RET
-_ : _ ; , Ty ita! Ait *% ngihe8 ” eitogh ine
; ' ; ee af tert =—
BS " 1 eam oS oN 7
2 Rsteeayh caer co's: i.’ pail ual ‘geal » salt tts
=< as ; ee ee
: <a 7 : iid ai
er, ry pe may bla 7 Wied. <2 (@- peyttee SItigait: iay
7, v ae erwal!

7 ’ Sen mr & come woman verry $i, a :
al a pis A, Gealbur a eS Ripait' pa/ <i Talhah repo? ‘om
ee ; re aneasledegis OM
- patie AALS oh Higa >it AP onal igh. — peat

=> Aur” od Liege That [pete - arr ents ;

oa Paige Orting VON tot; “Oe patie (Hie,
q 7 i. ene. My eile wt << aiodl : nee orgy
. Fhe: ; ae : a ; - &

Sear she ee
= Pei on (hae Tpit

ON THE FLOHA OF CUTCH. 715

(241) Plumeria aeutifolia, Poir—Cultivated.—Indigenous in Tropical

America,
52. Ascleptadacer.—

(242) Peviploca aphylla, Decaisne—Common on rocky ground, Sind,
Panjab—Afghanistan, Beluchistan, Persia, Arabia, Neypt.

(243) Glossonema yarians, Benth—Floweis: Dee.—Sind. —Beluchistan,
Persia.

(244) Calotropis procera, R. Br—Very common ; flowers: Dee. Jan—
Sind, Deecan, Gujarat—Dry paris of India: Ava, Persia, Tropical
Africa.

(245) Oxystelma esculentum, R. Br.—Flowers: Dec.—Sind, Deccan, Kon
kan, Kanara, 8. M. Countyy.—India, Ceylon, Java.

(246) Pentatropis microphylla, W. & A.—Very common , flowers: Sept.
Dee.—Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan—Western Peninsula, Bengal,
Peeu, Ceylon.

(247) Demia extensa, R. Br-—Very commoa, fowers: Sept.Jdan—
Sind, Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan, S. M. Country.

(248) Sarcostemma brevi

igma, Wight-—Common in stony places.—Dee-
can, Konkan, S. M. Country— Western Peatasala, Bengal, Burma.
(249) Leptadenia reticulata, W. & A.—Rare.—Guijarat, Decean, iXonkan,
S. M. Country, Kanara —Wesitern Peninsula, Punjab, Barme, Cey-
lon, Singapore, Ava.
(250) Leptadenia spartium, Wight—Very common ; flowers : Dec. Jan,
Sind, Gujarat—Panjab, Beluchistan, Arabia, Ngypt.
53. Gentianacea.—
(251) Enicostemma littoraiec, Blume——-Common; flowers: Noy.-Dee.
Sind, Gujarat, S. M. Conatry, Konkaa—Gveaier part of India,
Ceylon, Malaya, Tropical Africa, W. Judia.
54. Boraginucee.—
(252) Cordia myxa, L.—Pretty common in gardess and near wells-—Sind,
Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan—All over India, Ceylon, Egypt, Cochin,
China, Tropical Australia.
(253) Cordia rothii, Roem. & Schult.—Very conimon: flowers: Noy.
Dec.—Sind, Gujarat, Deccan—W. Peninsula, Panjab, Rajpuiana,
Ceylon, Avabia, Abyssinia.
(254) Coldenia procumbens, L.—Flowers : Oct.-Dec.—Sind, Decean, Kon
kan, S. M. Conntry, Kanara—'Tvopies generally,
(255) Heliotropium zeylanicum, Lam.—Coinmicn ; flowers: Oct,-Jan.—
Sind, Gujarat, S. M. Country, Koukan—Western Peninsula, Pan-
jab, Tropical Africa.
(255) Heliotropiam svpinum, L.—Conmoan ; flowers : Veb.-March.—-Sind,
Gujarat, Deccan, Koakan, S. M. Constry—Western Peninsula,
Panjab, Upper Gangetic Plain—Ceylon, S. burcje, N, & 8. Africa,
Canary Islands.
9

‘) G a*
i ;
t a » ike, pee ily)
i Pris
m6 é ?
@
ax ‘ 4 ni sor lin ter§ ONS
: aT eh | a

j i ;
mn i 6 ee

T f 7 fe a I Le
a
a 7 weer PIES alt 4 eT ea
‘ i + ' J Srv 7
: 7 ; ad 1 of =¢ aes)
: ; Ry : | a ee ' antes vs
a : ree) ae gt = i? ajo &
ae r fi — ee St 9 mR) wjerdn dh Gets
a 7 ee ‘é tis { cite ® aap poet eon oe
- eerts ot
: : Pare rin ae a Aa i abd? POD,
a7 “oyna 2 Sieh a 4 tage wth put
7 . pe ee es
_ Po ud, ns (sea IE at ee
Lala > Pl eee gfe SF Opn eh vagal oe
a _ an, 7 ah eR. a] a ewe 2
Fi ‘ i an) Pate GER oul op hs ~¥

: T ta ad xD ‘<4 7. - ae inl ee ahr. 4 ijeteey )
were) y rc wait A oa vee ot) hh oa,
» > = Swen dre) i i
” As — aryendyit «gg Lp ou eal (ify
1 pant Lh © BF Vee B ae, uae :
: - 2a ac’ (vena fo . : |}
iy _s oan a om ~ con eye cal 4
a bes ‘ ii f a Ti are we rere oa dh fat
en Len nth pha = tl incon yw >
fri + @ I ' : a es ~ ugh, mj jab -
— Sot. (Quis ae Ral Rete ine en eed
VS Age (es ee a et at Aenea ac

°@

= partes iy ives
: a > i (fa
‘reat re
1 Seog aue Wve We er
i wel
7 a e ag’: ua ef)
o> ee 7’ ; oo
; a Oy. et
- me r] 7
_ : a
_ 7 i
a : ;
aa
is, 7
a

776 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XV/1,

(257) Helictropiuin paniculatum, R. Br.—Rare—Sind, S. M Country
W. Peninsula, Pegu, Ceylon, Siam, Australia.

(258) Txichodesma indicum, R. Br.—Common; flowers: Sept.-Nov.—
Deecan. Konkan, S. M. Country-——Greater part of India, Ceylon,
Cabul, Beluchistan, Persia, Mauritius.

(259) Trichodesma zevianicum, R. Br.—Common ; flowers: Dec.-Jan.—
Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan, 8. M. Country, Kanara.

(260) Sericostoma paueiflorum, Stocks.—Flowers: Nov.-Dee.—-Sind,
Gujarat.

(261) Arnebia hispidi-sima, DO.—Sind, Gujarat—-Western Egypt, Nubia.

5h. Convolenlacew.—

(262) Cuscuta reflexa. Roxb.—Flowers: Dec.-Feb.—Gujarat, S. M.
Conntry, Konkan—Throughont India, Ceylon, Malaya.

(263) Cuseuta chinensis, Lamk.—Common ; flowers: Aug.-Oct.—Deccan—
Greater part of India, Ceylon, Persia, Australia.

(264) Cressa cretica, L.—Not common ; flowers: Nov.-Jan—Sind, Gujar-
yat, Deccan, Konkan, Kanara— Warm regions genezally.

(265) Evolyulus alsinoides, L.—Very common; flowers: Aug.-Jan. —
Sind, Gujarat. Deccan, WKonkan—Tiopical and Szxbtropical
countries,

(266) Breweria latifolia, Benth—Wlowers: Dee—Sind, Gnjarai--Pan-
jab, Tropical Africa.

(267) Coavolulus rottlerianus, Choisy.—Not common; flowers: Sept.
Oct.—Decean, Western Peninsnla, Afghanistan.

(268) Convolyulus microphyiins, Sieb—Very common in sandy soil.—
Sind, Gujaral—Beluchistan to Mgypt 3nd Nubia.

Flowers: Dee,—Sind, Gujarat—

(269) Convolvuius glomeratus, Choisy
Panjab, Afghanistan, Beluchistan, W. Tropical Africa.

(270) Convolvnlus arvensis. L.—Common in cultivated ground ; flowers:
Dee.-Febr.—Sind, Gujarat, Deccan, Kanara—Throngheut the
world.

(271) Merremia hasiata, Galliee f—Raze; flowers: Aug.-Dee.—Deecan
Konkan, Kanara. S. M. Country—W. Peninsula, Bengal —Ceylon,
§. E. Asia, Australia, Tropical Africa.

(272) Jpomea pentaphylla, Hallie, f—Not common—Gojarat, Konkan—
W. Peninsula, Africa, Tropical America, Polynesia.

(273) Lpomvea pilosa, Swect.—Common ; flowers : Sept.-Oct.—Sind, Gujarat
—W,. Himalaya, Panjab, Bengal, Tropical Africa.

(274) Ipomees biloba, Forsk.--Common on the sandy sea shove.
flowers: all the year round.-—Throughout the Tropics on the sea

shore.

(275) Ipomves pes-ligridis, 4—Very common on sandy ground ,; flowers:
Oet..Dse.—Guiriat, Deccan, Konkan, S. M. Couniry —Through
out India. Ceylon. Malaya, China, Palynesia, Tropical Africa,

ar wl 9 }
I ; 7 :
qemu sit i iy i
4 U tei ¥
7 1 eo) 4 { }
wee
fal M4
a is J j
- pe eee .
n rt , eu 4
ey ee adi meine agit
)
7 !
IGE oye v ’ w ‘
> ! h 7 onl -
« \ te a He 4
: ; ie 2. uf mys
i

*, See : > ary oe
—, ah A a3 | ail nbiryad UG
7 ’ 5 - ; ;
” ' : * 1 i ak La jj

: 7 i ] i wy ieee a ea inmtin, 0,
: a“ J i? 4 “eas 10. Ouar

‘ - - marie 1) Fo on Pal eee oe eet ka
: - 7 ’ - = i Po J ; ai . ~ y 7 é pre a

mo) 7 : ons : aeY ek Yoo : ee 0 wn ¥ a
7 7 wa 2 ; . ie to od sii i.) ao) 2 oe 7 _
@ a Py _

c are
| 6! | Ve ‘ a y =j% "a ° wma Ani ont ivi 7
; an ele =) a0 18) (f= 7 » oq) a Eon |
a ie ik Lae” eva Bigs
_ QAR OETA i oot NX ot ls A a i%,, 7
; fa . oh a f & ~~ ou j :
; pints ni se es WE:
a i ral : 0 on apt _ 1 a>
: 7 7 one Yo aes MY) One .

oo aoe a<leat a

de mit oh ee :

“1
~1
3

ON THE FLORA OF CUTCH.

(276) Ipomoea aquatica, Forsk.—In ponds, not common ; flowers: Nov.
April—Throushont the Presideney—All over India, Ceylon.
Tropical Asia. Africa. Australia,

(277) Rivea hypocraieriformis, Choisy--Common ; flowers: Sepi.-Dec.--
Sind, Deccan, Konkan—Wesiern Peninsula, Assam.

(278) Aregyreia speciosa, Sweet.—in gardens ; throughout India, Java.

(fo bz continued.)

ON THE FLORA OF CUTCH.
RY
I, (Busrrer, s.1.
Bart ll
(Continued rom page 717 of Vol. XVIL1).
56. Solanacer.—

(279) Solanum nigrum, L.—In cultivated ground ; flowers: Oct..Jan—Sind.
Deccan, Konkan, 5. M. Country —Temperate and tropical regions
of the world.

(230) Solanuin xanthoearpum, Schrad. & Wendl.—Sind, Deccan, Konkan
All over India, Ceylon, S. E. Asia, Malaya, Tropical Australia.
Polynesia.

(281) Solanum indicum, L.—Common.—Decean, Konkan—Tropieal Indian,
Ceylon, Malaya, China, Philippines.

(282) Solanum trilobatum, L.—Not common ; fowers : Dec.-Jan.—Gujarat.
Deecan, S. M. Country—W. Peninsula, Ceylon, Malay Peninsula.

(283) Solanum tuberosum, L.—Cultivaied —Indigenous in America.

(234) Solanum melongena, L.— Cultivated.

(235) Withania somnifera, Dunal.—Rare.--Sind, Gujarat, Deccan, Kon
kan—Drier regions of India, Ceylon, Mediterranean regions.
Canaries, Cape of Good Hope.

(286) Lyeium barbarum, &.—Common ; flowers : Nov.-Dee.--Sind, Gujarat
—Panjab, Beluchistan, Afghanistan, Persia.

(287) Datura fastuosa, L—var. alba, C. B. Clarke-—Coinmon ; flowers:
Sept.-Dec.—Throughout the Presidency.

(283) Lycopersicum esculentum, Mill-—Cultivated.—Indigenous in Trop:
cal America.

(289) Nicotiana tabacum, L.—Cultivated—Probably indigenous in 8.
America.

(230) Capsicum frutescens, L.—Cultivated.

57, Serophu ariacee.—

(291) Celsia coromandeliana, Vahl.—Flowers: Jan.-May.—Sind, Gujarat,
Deccan, Konkan—All over India, Ceylon, Afghanistan, Ava
China.

(292) Linaria ramosissima, Wall.—Pretty common in rocky places.
Throughout the Presidency—Throughout India, Afghanistan,
Ava.

(293) Veronica anagallis, L.—Flowers: Nov.-Jan4—Decean, Konkan-
Western Peninsula, Panjab, Kashmir, Bengal, Assam, Bhotan
N. Asia, S. Africa, Hurope, N. America.

(294) Linden e gia uiticwfolia, Link. & QO to,—Flowers : Noy.-Dee.—Sind,
Deccan—All over India, Afghanistan.

: ;
at .
7
‘
7 *“
- i oe

i —— VES oc Piety
|v at
: : | iL Fi =) | ag
yt ores ib | fie!” ae De
Me a el
oe a : Lae = an er pe” by
iets aw @eels mao
' - 4i i in TO Gee? dic

, | Tiss
. ; | Te | he

f 1) eee a Oe
t
2 ’ a) \ieaiva Hy, t: ’ -
{ Tags’ he . man Ss Sieve

iim «att caerient
y hm er AS a ate! Ger,
3 aa. ad ‘puesto
| me Th ws ; Si: = ad Lai et *ecadel] ies" t
whe! setae | axel i
A | by oad?) G0) be ees arian tea (emai 7

i : ; 4 i he fim
, ( r" ; rT ~ — peabeen 1 —! ri me (OQ

poe vO: ol ar ation ie).
At’

ii

ae whe Gaal be (YY batimeege a
cameos ee) eal

re

ae ae i oA has a re

ees) 4) i. irl tuo,

a Oe : i at ® o
ae i ag Aagy 6 ie tee ;
Wapewat b al beeen a :
- 2
' one oy ees
y% aa

158 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XTA,

a8. Orobunchacer.—

(295) Ovebanche iezyptiaca, Pers,—Gujarat, Deccan—Plams of India,
Central and Western Asia.

SY. Biguoniacea.—

(295) Tecomella undulata, Seem.—Not common. —Sind, Gujarat, Decean—
Western Peninsuia, Panjab, Rajpntana, Beluchistan, Arabia.

(297) Millmgtonia hortensis, L.f—In gardens—Probably a native of Burma
and the Malay Archipelago.

60. Pedaliacea—

(298) Pedalium mnrex, L.—Very commion ; flowers; Sept.-Dec.—Gujarat,
Konkan, S. M. Country— India, Ceylon, Trepieal Africa.

299) Sesamum indicum, L-—Culiivaied-—-Pzobably indigenous in Tropieal
Africa,

bl. Acunthacee.—

(360) Blephais sindica, T. Anders.--Sind, Gujarat.—Panjab.

(301) Asteragantha longifolia, Nees.—Common ; flowers; Aug-Jan,--

Decean, Konkan—Throughout India, Ceylon, Tropical and South
Africa.

302) Roellia patula, Jacy—Plowers: Aug.-Dee.—Sind, Decean, S. M.
Country-—W. Peninsula, Rajputena, Bandelkand, Ceylon, Arabia.
Tropical Afriea, Ava.

(30%) Barleria prionitis, L—Common ; flowers: Oct.-Jan.—Sind, Gujarat,
Decean, Kornkan—All over India, ‘Tropical Asia, Tropical and
South Africa. :

(20+) Barleria cristata, L., var. dichotoma, Prain.—Probably cultivated ;
flowers: Dec.

(905) Lepidagathis erisiata, Willd.—Common; flowers: Oct.-Mareh.— Deccan,
Konkin, S. ML. Country -- Western Peninsula.

(500) Rungia repens. Nees.-Connnon; flowers: Noy.-dan—Deevean.
Konkan, Kangra, 8. M. Country—All over India, Ceylon,

(307) Instieia heterocarpa, T. Anders.—lowers : Oet.-Dee.-—Sind, Gujarat
—Panjab, Tropical Africa.

(308) Justiein diffusa, Willd.—Flowers :, Oct.-Dee—Sind, Decean—W.
Peninsula, Panjab, Ceylon, Rangoon, Siam.

(309) Justicia simplex, D. Don.—Plowers: Noy.-Dee.—Sind, Gujarat,
Konkan, Kanara, 8. M. Country—W. Peninsula, Central India,
Kashmir, Bangal, Abyssinia, Malay Islands.

(51) Lertsurophe bicalyculata, Nces.—Flowers : Oet.-Noy.-—Sind, Gujavat,
Decean, Konkan, Kanara—All over India, Tropical A friea.

62, Verbenacee.— —

(311) Lippia nodiflora, Mighaux.—In sandy soil-—Sind, Gujarat, Deccau —
India generally, Ceylon, Africa, most tropical and subtropical
countries,

(312) Premna integrifolia, I4—Near the coast.--Konkan, Kanara—Ccylon,
Andauns, Nicobars, Malaya.

7 ' pM LIN e i
Z :
; ; =
te fie, 98s A P
on mT, ‘ &
Fg! citi See aaate © 4 poranr’
> a. |< v drm, ve afi Sy bi ae!
ood! tefl saat) ©. i?
al MEN, ape f oh
ve ee , 7. 2
earn a ite ni ne oO) Oe ;
D4 * ;
. ; Se 7
j
7 : - By -
@ , faly eee (oli are,
“6 rt 4 ). pike,

| Mf | ree a

: piehaotade | , fA a i 1A *\* _ yin ' ‘
- bl sina : eg uty” ‘adil

CLR ise” ah ni Rte J ofl,, a
iu pee eile nan nee rod
Cet u Lf at hie ae

t 7 Ly ° tie i-gu

1 ie iyi aa ant
‘bis mat. Hlyr 4 oryi 5 gail 7] 4
i ~ ae ie A oo a a ; )

a
ae x i? tA,

a Bile. 4) \pateeca] tha yye C0 we
Meet ti, her =) yn we 4 wee his

cia de i) ced hee
ae dug xu Lig v4 a =
tine ile ats i’ ar Sic sis «Be a where
ha .
(Mirae ce anes cn cid is Yay, i di
ee ‘ ty a ne eaareetin?
: 7 « . : —_ “ i is : r +
i. ” fi tk 7 : a

>
Pa” oa a ao

FLORA OF CUTCH, 16u

(313) Clerodendron plilomidis, L.f—Not common, in hedges ; Gujarat
Deccan, Konkan, S. M. Country—Dry parts of India, Ceylon.

(14) Avicennia officinzis, L.—Along the coast.—onkan, tavara.—Salt
marshes and tidal erecks of Indi, Ceylon, Malaya, sheres of the
Indian and Paciltie Occans.

Ga. Ladbeakeoe.—

(G15) Ocimum sanetum, L.—Prebably cullivated.—Phroughout Lidia
(cultivated), Malay Archipelago, Australia, Arabia, W. Asia.

(816) Ocimum cutum, Siins.—Flowers : Sept.-Jan.-—Decean, Konkan, 5. M.
Country —Plains and lower hills of India, Ceylon, Java W. Asia,
Tropical Africa, Madagascar.

@17) Ocimum basihcrm, L—Cultivated—A native of the Patjal.

(38) Amsomeles vyita, ht, Br.-Commou in the Presideucy except Sind

‘Throughout Indix, Ceylon, Malay Archipelago, China, Philippines.

(219) Leucas urhiewfolia. R. Br-—Flowers: Noy.-Dee.—Sind, Gujarat.
Decean—W. Peninsula, Panjab, Bengal, Beluelnstan, Arabia
Abyssiraa.

(320) Leueas linifolia, Spreng.—Common ; flowers: Oct.NoyDecean,
Konkan—Plains of India, Mauritius, Java, Philippines.

(321) Leueas cephalotes, Spreng,—Common ; lowers; Noy-Dec.—Cujarat

—W,. Pennmisula, Panjab, Bengal, Assam, Himalayas, Afghanistan,

2) Salvia wgyptiaca, L., yar, pumila, Hook. f.—Llowers : Noy.-Dec.-

Sind, Gujarat, Deccun--W. Peninsula, Panjab, Afghanistan,
Beluchistan,

64. Nyeciaginaces.—
(823) Boerhaavia difusa, L.—Very common ; flowers: Noy. Dee. Thyongh
out the Presideney-—~All over India, Ceylon, tvopier! and sub

tropical Asia, Africa and America.

(824) Boerhaavia vepanda, Willd.—Very common, Rowers: Oct.-Dec.
Gujarat, Decean, Nonkas—India, Ceylon, Beluchistiun.

(325) Beoerhaavia verticillata, Poir.—Very common : flowers: Sepo-Jan.
Sind, Gujarat, Decean, INonkan—W. Peninsnla, Panjab, \fehi
nistan, Beluechistan to Syria and Tropical Africa.

(525) Bongamyillea spectabilis, Willd.—Cultivated.—Indiyonow i: Drazil.-

63, Amurantacen. —

#27) Celosia argentea, L.—Pretty common ; flowers : O¢t.-Dcou.—TVhrough
out the Presidency—All over India, Ceylon, Tropical Asia, Africa
and America (either cultivated ov introduced).

(528) Amarantus guugeticus, L., var. tristis, Prain,—Cultivated as a pot-
herb.

(329) Amiyrantus blitum, L., var, ole acea, Hook f-—Cullivated,

(330) Amurantns viridis, L.—In gardens und cultivated ground.

(331) Amarantus polygamus, L.—Jn cultivated ground : flowers: Dee.
Miuch—tndia, Ceylon, most hot countries.

7

*

ri.

veh .
ie
= | (
* ‘ vil
’ v. ad
| ; < or
aan (hey
“ t X te :
(nar Th
i out
wiper
m Dey? af 1%
‘ = i ai
y = }
7 U alt i = Le
ie) Sel a ee
qs
54 Fay a : My
wi oe
~ ite | oie
Aig i 1 jdaiyf q
sat i, geo ibe
' - a” is
x ne 4
© ofa; er 4 yy
j A att hap wi ae
; +. eushag Saas =
ie oy por '
n Wks sa abe tag 18,
: we 4 ty © eae ;
_ A. © eet aly! hid Uy
ce 4 ;
i "
ieee 20)
ae I
hae Le : “ay
; yt
1
ie Laie ot Gl Tiel mae
iy a, ’ a
i tagel Abba B
uae ij rr Vet

160 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol, X/X,

(632) Amavantus tenuifolhus, Willd—Bengal, Panjab, W. India, Tropical
Africa.

(523) rua javanica, Juss.—Very common ; flowers: Sept.-Dec.—sind,
Deccan—W. Peninsula, Central India, Panjab, Burma, Cevlon,
Arabia, Tropical Africa, Cape de Verde Islands.

(334) Erna monsonive Mart.—Very common ; flowers: Oct..Jan, —S. M.
Country—Central India, W. Peninsula, Bengal, Burma.

(525) Nothoserua brachiata, Wight—Flowers : Noy.-De¢e.—Sind, Gujarat,
Konkan—Wesiern Peninsula, Burma, Ceylon, Mauritius, Tropical
Africa.

(536) Achyranthes aspera, L.—Common ; flowers : Novy.-Jan.—Sind, Dec-
ean, Konkan —Thronghout India, Ceylon, Tropical Asia, Africa,
Australia, and America.

(337) Pupalta atreopurpurea Mog.—Gujarat—W. Peninsula, Nepal, Bengal,
Malaya, Ceylon Java, Philippines, S. Africa.

(338) Pupalia lappacea, Moq. —l lowers: Sept.-Dec.—Sind, Gujarat, Decean,
S. M. Country—W. Peninsula, Behar, Panjab, W. Tropical Hyma-
laya, Tropieal Asia and Africa.

(539) Alternanthera triandra, Lam,—fowers : Aug.-Dec.—Throughout the
Presidency —Al} warm countrics.

bb. Chenopodiacew.—

(340) Atriplex stocks, Boiss.—Flowers: Dec.-Jan.—Sind, Gujarat.

(341) Salicornia brachiata, Roxb.—Flowers : Nov.-Dee.—Gujarat—Bengal,
Ceylon.

(342) Sueda fruticosa, Forsk.—Flowers : Noy.-De¢.—Sind, Gujarat —N.-
W. India Paujab Africa, America.

(343) Suada nndiflora, Moq.—Konkan, Orissa—W. Peninsula Ceylon.

(344) Haloxylon recuryvum, Bunge.—Flowers: Nov.-Dec.—Sind—Coim-
batore, Burma Panjab Afghanistan Yunnan.

(845) Salsola foetida, Del.—Flowers: Dec.—Sind—Panjab, Beluchistan,
Persia, Arabia, N. Africa.

67. Polygonucer.—.

(346) Polygonum plebcjum, R. Br., var. indica, Hook, f—Common,—
Deevan, Konkan, 8. M. Country, Kanara.

(847) Polygonum glabrum, Willd.—Flowers: Oct..Feb—Sind, Deccan,
Konkan, Kanara—All over India, Ceylon, Australasia, China,
Africa, America.

08. Arislolochincea.—

(348) Aristolochia bracteata, Retz.—Flowers: Sept.-Dee.—Sind, Gujarat,

Deccan, Konkan—Bengal, Ceylon, Arabia, Tropical Africa.
59. Luphorbiacew.—

(349) Euphorbia neriifolia, L.—Very common on rocky ground ; flowers:

March.—Sind, Gujarat—N. W. Himalaya, Pegu, Burma.

a

“=
:
S

7
>
te

2
“a

a)
es
+

re

~
— A
an |

—

w
e

tir! ep n iin

aan sal

ae

ie "4 ee
3S
Be.
a |

if voy

i Thee

are
7 t

vw

oe Dae rs ST ot

i
(ie

ees

Voe ok
ive ;
ms

, Tan
a s ; a oli - fiodimige a)
ot i a ee

bh j ella apis ' fag ;
es.
» cy 7
yaw ‘ a day m 6
{ od | i Me of #4
# oT: Petar?
= ehiy ieed Y gfaliaas Eee
i ai c di r, aL es ee Pe the ie As
wna yet eet Varitnahie :
j my gles jira “ a agin de
; ;
piles Mdbew vy Rg hg
; WF? galehone). Minn, teal ;
bge-. ORE ll. pei hive bers {Veoby f

oak = alagtad® avails wil =) ory eV?

{ ae wet hie jrivwes ERs al Wr
divd. jrisligiet? o4ee
LY a oe ; qd) s@Ainanadila, (508) ;
polerune cree 6 Yeon
: x areeVvorrmna) : phy
> (DAE Soret us aP rie Mins i aa
te we fed Re hes
melee?
ay ere TA) ermkiey e@ed (40° A
Cp iy Ret. yet ae |
q a A 4 Cie paint Ses (eet
ee a ieee vo “onaegyhel 40Thy 5
ine arth i ® oer ll at aie

és =)
onwiet ii), 7
:

eerer icy

iN fates (gates lh ei
v0 eS = inte. B "9,
pil j ce CL
y Le 4 aad

"4

; ob 5
iw 4 Ta =i) apinsy

tan at ior ee
ayes Sanit had be “7 }

*) q

“ali a,
eee oer le ey

FLORA OF CUTCH. 151

(850) Euphorbia liypericifolin, t.. var. parvitiora, Hook. f—~Very
cammon ; flowers: Aug.-Dec.—Sind, Gujarat, Diccan, Noukan-
Phroughout the ‘Vropies except Australi aid the Pacific Islands.

(351) Euphorbia pilulifera, u—Coumon ; flowers: More or loss through-
out the year.—Most tropical and subtropical regions.

(302) Kuphorbia thynifolia, G.—Very common; flowers: All the year
round.—Sind, Deccan—Plains and lower hills of tndia, Ceylon,
all hot connimes except Australia.

(353) Baphorbia tirnealli, .-—Comnion in hedges—Indigcnous in America

(534) Flaggex leucopyrus, Willd.—Throughont the Presideney—Panjab,
Burma, Ceylon.

(335) Phyllanthus reticulatus, Poir.—Flowers: Throughout the year
Gujarat, Konkan, Nanara, 5. M. Country—Tropical Tndia
Ceylon, Tropical Afriea, China, Malay Islands,

(356) PhyNanthus muaderaspatensis, J.—Decean, S. M. Country—Drier
parts of India, Ceylon, Tropical Africa, Arabia, Java, ¢
Australia.

na,

(357) Phyllanthus nirurt, L--Common; flowers: Noy.Dee.—Decean,
Konkan—A over India, Ceylon, in the Tropies generally excent
Australia,

(348) Chrozophora prostrata, Dalzell.—Sind, Deccan, &. M. Co:
Throughout India, N. Africa.

(259) Ricinus communis, L.—Culiivated—Probably indigenous in Afric

W0. Urticaces.—

(260) Fievs bengalensis, L.—Planted.

(361) Ficus retusa, L.—Planted.

(662) Ficus veligiosa, L.—Planted.

(863) Ficus tsiela, Roxb.—Planted.— Western Peninsula, Central Provinces,
Ceylon.

71. Ceratophyllacec,—

Ch

(364) Ceratophyllum demersum, L.—In tanks and ponds. All tempe
and tropical regions.

[ydrocharitacen-—

(365; Wydrilla yertieillata, Presl—In tanks ; flowers: Dee.—Sind, Deccan,
Konkan.—Central Europe, Mauritius, Madagascar, Tropical Asia
and Australia.

(366) Vallisneria spiralis, L—In tanks—-Sind, Deccan, NWonkun— All over

India, Warm regions of the Old and New World.

Liliacer.—

(267) Asparagus racemosns, Willd ; yar. javanica, Baker--Gnjarat, Deccan,
Konkan, Kanara, S. M. Country—W. Peninsnla, Java.

(368) Asphodclus tenuifolius, Cay.—Flowers : Nov.-Feb.

(969) Allinm cepa, L.—Cultivated in the cold seasoun,

(370) Allium sativum, L.—Cultivated.

21

7 “ ;
‘ ‘, i jars
j i A tae V1 4 aif
ce ae), —1ee)
» Oy v 7 ‘ ;
; 4 ie -, '
: g@ ) ’ iF
ne WAM ah oe MD err te | etignt
a ~ ¢ ba ah ain 2°. sens jot) Jae fia
7 . 7 '
7 i ' fol | Po ? MA PY hl reaiaaic! © tient ‘4
i tr read AR eh) )er*) kelp? ©
: : nwri 4A Sepreepagine? '@ulVes
: ng
ay oe cam tleliee tat Cull a te
=} : : Verte
a! H 7 * BN.
: Te ee el She’ Svileaah vit Ts
2 Ae Urge > fy 90 gel) a a sei = eg predl 7

d : ; ‘TR i

. i ; : rf won et pat Abu’ Amt) ATOR ot 9
7 ; : oe ected dap y ry? er
a1 eer 7 a as 1 idee Np them @tuenler neiicy (hahah fs
7 4 : ~ welh
n 7 ; ay be + aang VW. 'y sonics annie i} i:
: : re vol part Od in TPL 4
i aoe; SY eed ohne ooh

‘ . . ai " 1059 healt shntiatte wnat! eligi! a 9 Gay
; 5 ; me wae
’ ' - A ST
| re a Lael

: Toe © a ; aia ur ee pe
ay . -
TS : 4) minal | ce iy. bowl Atlin dai pone +4
: : 0 8, ro ine eo al nv ere
~ 7 a. at ', oe co, wk oie : aol
ia ; 7 ; ob aa yr

, i Ge soa
7 =a 7 7 , paey ' i e or
oad Fi i uins

a - 1 “3% of i e. 7,
; : : ‘ , Gabel al - @ ny
a 7 ; a br ae iit st "
| rs _ 7 , - i4 ‘7 ¢ _ :
- : : a
: re? ; me od :
: : i ’ : E : Pe 7 t ¥ " . 7
/ : i q iP Sa a <
7 1 5 : ’
1 on 7 : 7 . yy >
: ’ te n> i |
: . i ; . . : i 7

162 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCTETY, Vol, XIX.

74. Commelinacer.—

(871) Commelina nudiflora, L. —Common ; flowers : Dee.—Decean, Konkan,
S. M. Country—In many tropical and subtropical countries.

(372) Commelina. bengalensis, L.—Commion ; flowers: Sept.-Dec.

7a. Palmacex—
(373) Phoeaix sylvestris, Roxb.—Cultivated.—Throughont India.
(874) Cocos nuci*era, b.—Cultivated.

76. Pandlanacea—

(375) Pandanus tectorius, Soland—Planted.-Sea coast of the Indian

Peninsula, Burma, Andamans.
77, Aroiducer.—
(876) Colocasia antiquorum, Schott. —Rare—Cultivated i all hot countries.
78. Lemnacer.—
(377) Wolfhia arvhiza, Wirnin.—-In tanks.—Thronghont India.
79, Naiaacee —

(378) Potamogeton indicus, Roxb.—In ponds and tanks.—Throughout the
plains of India, Sikkim up to 9,000 ft., Burma, Ceylon—Malay
and Sandwich Islands.

(379) Natas minor, All-In still swect water—Throughout India and
Ceylon—Old World generally.

80, Cyperacer.—

(380) Kyllingia triceps, Rotth.—Vrom N..W. India and sind to Bengal,
Burma and Ceylon.—Africa, China, Australia.

(381) Pyereus polystachyus, Beauv.—Near the coast.—All warm especially
maritime vegions.

(382) Cyperus haspan, L.—Throughout India—All warm regions.

(383) Cyperus arerwrius, Retz,—On the seacoast.—Prom Sind to Ceylon

and Orissa, Panjab—Persia, Avabia,
84) Cyperns conglomeratue, Rotth.—Sind.-—EFrom Sind to N. Afimea.

(

3

(385) Cyperus iria, L.—In rice-fleids—Throughout tudia—Old World
generally.

(386) Cyperus bulbosus, Vahl--Sind, Aligurh, Deccan Peninsula, Ceylon:
Tropical Africa, Asia and Australia.

(387) Cyperus stoloniferus, Reiz.—On the sandy sea shore—From Sind to

Ceylon, Malay Peninsula —Mauritius, China, Malaya, Australia,

(888) Cyperns pyginens, C, DB. Clarke.—From Washmir to Burma and
Ceylon—All warm regions except Wurupe.

(389) Eleocharis plantaginea, Br.—Fiom Sind, Saharanpere and Assam fo
Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula-——Tropics of the Old World.

(290) Fimbristylis tetragona, Br.—Thronghout India except the North.
West, up to 3,000 ft.; from Nepaland Bornbay to Ceylon and
Tayoy-—li. Asia, Australia.

(391) Pimbristylis dichotoma, Vahl.—Throughout India up to 4000 ft-

Warm vegions of the Old World.

Ay

4
wal

. sata. ce ald aA getty walh tig PP euch 7H)
aattienaass ii Ln | bait
; A gd bn Page <a ite © ral owqugi4 } cathy

pt
= se
5
Ned (ened Ti
Y ve 4
-_ oP ue
Sav he tr |

‘

: Dv?’ Wh
ao!
>
(

_ W
“4
ot wr
: 4
vi Aah
we ii
he * ae
i 4 * Bat
= Pra
H 3”
* y wag: ©
* yas vi
ay arial
i . we Ae 4
ps
a

TT wiry” vai ae a) t : } ie oe) by Qa 9 tai
fr '
or mh out

winstilh time sveabbite © chs Dy aut ha ephpeherlal oath yaty :

AOL pt tah ean eosin ean Oy

ata ea ety eat oe ee

outs asta & 4

“ } er smiiher A on :

i ‘pq me 2 SP ill) » eyiat rid
Pie Baal ow nae Sood) (0m
Am ee ts

ie ad] nas ae oie Tn! (6453 >
fe ee pe ies ives

idee
poet! MheF Wergengette coe dal! ah.
: : ~- rhe.) is
ee ae ee ee Oe
; = ote, >

ee) Me a ll (aol TAGES, om
TT Oe i
. eRe the ataer. wh ¥5 u
, pee Cee iw wh Ode co fet ooh hy :
whew a MYO? aes ite ; oan
ce ae
- Gut wv wer em soos! avril

iat mt) 4 oSihee je | haw a ww he? i p,

r ae @gry ahs ithe,
Fy nit as ¢ ibe Ppaawl' Foul peered paren, (eat.
tie POF ers oh cy. a Mea CBG
ate att tS eel Coe =

Oi ian ea Pika
ah

a |

ot

a a
a Ra ea ie

‘ SR tint aM % Meth, ey oe

ast ei lee
wa fe Ses pi
A 7 \e ight is : Sede

ivy Aaa i pit 4

wa Gen mare gaa: ary “\ na a

ay Pe

é gall es 14 pated 1.5 ON Dibiik:sar ies

tei sana ee <0 eee

Auosk a

Mil 4d 4 or es <4) aoe Br?

- ¥ og
aged wh. a

— | + »

li -

1 _ .* Fi
i] , } :
* i oa j : ai
ir ne Ss y vat

FLORA OF CUTCH. 163

(392) Fimbristylis ferruginea, Vahl.—Throughout tudia up to 5,000 f—
All warmer regions,

(393) Fimbristylis spathacea, Roch.—¥rom Sind and Orissa to Ceylon
and Singapore. :

(394) Scirpus supinns, L.—India and Ceylon.—-Old World generally and
America.

(295) Scirpus grossus, L.—Throughout India up to 2,006 ft.—Malaya.
Vonkin, Philippines.

(39@) Seirpns fittoralis, Sehrad.—From Kashmir (8,000 ft.) and Jengal
io Ceylon.—W. Asia, Afriea, Europe, Anstrilia.

91. Graminucee—

(397) Paspalum distichum, J..-—Dombay, on the sea-shore, Gujarat, — All
over the tropics.

(398) Paspalum sanguinale, Lamk.—Thronghout India and in all warm
countries.

(899) Panicum eolonum, L.—Sind—All over India, Australia.

(400) Panicum turgidum, Forsk.—Gnjarat, Sind—Central India, Velu
chistap, Arabia, Egypt.

(401) Panienm erus-galli, L.. ver. frumentaceum.—Cultivated.—Hotter
parts of Asia and Africa.

(402) Spinifex squarrosus, Kanth=-On the sandy coast —India, Burma
Ceylon, Java, Chins.

(403) Pennisetum typhoideum, Rich——Cultivaied.—All over India and
Ceylon.

(404) Pennisetum dichotomum, Delile—On sand hills ; Sind, Gijarat.

(405) Pennisetum setosum, Rich.—Gujarat, Sind-—Bundelkund, Central
Provinees, Africa, Cropical America.

(406) Pennisetum cenchroides, Rich.—Sind, Gujarat, Deccan— Western
India, from Washmir to the Upper Gangetie Plain, and Seath-
ward, Tropical Afrieaz, Canaries, Sicily.

(407) Cenebrus bifloras, Roxb.—Konkan, Sind-—-Coromandel, Rajpootana,
Upper Gangetie Plain, Panjab, Beluchistan, Arabia, Afviea.

(408) Trachys mucronata, Pers—On the sea-shore.—Gujarat—Decean
Peninsula, Ceylon, Jafina.

(409) Tragus racemosus, Hull.—Sind, Gujarat, Deccan, from Kashmir to
Upper Bengal and southward te Ceylon, Buraa, warm resions
generally,

(410) Hygrorhiza aristata, Nees —Gujarat, Decean—Upper and Jower
Gangetic Plains, Assam, Chitagong, Pegu, Ceylon, Tonkin.

(411) Saccharum spontanenm, .—Warmer parts of India and Ceylon, up
to 6,000 ft,—-Warm regions of the Old World, East Australia.

(412) Saccharum officinarum, L.—Cultivated.

(413) Saceharam arondinaczum, Relz—Thronghout the plains and low
hills of India—Ceylon, China.

t , ivi Vey ¢i- g
y fa
¢e wal joi a it a] - ra the qe 4 ~ |
pet aed iv
Fue tte oy Pe | sinks old Send ae
al igi at phere ,
a ie YRieee a 1 ae rg oe | HER
: th dabegind 7
4 | : a 4 jem LG cae
¥ ee ‘ E)
: * » wirpeqihieht mie i v-
: a i = mi Die ’ Dive, Mew agit® (OE
: . Ae tite ted Of —o aties
| av
7 pales a 4) A ee (eae
yy r ar pow
; : ’ @
‘i 7 Bes’ iN oe tl Pid CAN gee Meigen’ [ .
eed i.
5 75 ry . 48 , ene ohne a)
| "4 wa" No guuz wd (= ers ace “i i
ofa id “
- find ry ee a dk ew pee fia”
. s : Ey od iiny Vrw0 my a
7 ine ac oH tT aH jeamy 2 + ay
7 i
Owe on hid ands Olay rae
7 Creu + : | Allg ell aoe tS wine (VET
) af 7 a aneet? oH
: 7 _ iv m= wos ae ——"*) hgreag ar bat
. ae bo tO til a ae halle aeatinal (8
s Mit; . i, bw Ryser ‘tt A Pei
oa : “yi Fogg 4 ai, font 040 Aten ar aur yintadly
» : a 7 > “hee is a @ ate Sy ai watt vat Prent_aland> :
7 - 7 ‘ ' iP VR Alte ott cali baa, ~ a
ig a ipo female San 17 OP ust
7 % i ¥ ny ae ha aa® i
7 = ‘. a
a. - um 7 ya eon é a ibn ae gal
‘ ) y=) } 7 i. 4 7
> 1? ye we bi Se ’ as hh
at ’ , 4
; af he ng ;
7 : ba

Oe etd hh se
[sé ; pe 1] abic acy: Reveal Sy i
7 eS ,
) ee amaiy ee ei | :
7 ra eae |
a : ’ +> ial oa : ;
7 ~~ V5 V« - _
+, ; d Pi A “fee . , -— 1
ee ae 3 7
rn 6 5 me OW
: 7
, -

pee |

. Vani

ai ry le “Aone :

164 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATORAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XIX.

(414) ischemum pilosum, Dalz. and Gibs—Khandesh, Deccan—Mysore,

(415)
(416)
(417)
(418)
(419)

(420)

(426)

(427)

(428)

(429)

(430)
(431)

Asirghar, Bellary, Chanda.

Blionurus royleanus, Nees.—Sind, Gujavat—Upper Gangetic Plain,
Arabia, Abyssinia, Cape Verd Tslands.

Andropogon foveolatus, Del—Sind, Kandesh, Decean—Drier parts
of India, Tropical Africa, Cape Vord Islands.

Andropogon sorghum, Brot.--Cultivated —Warmer parts of Asia,

Africa, Europe.

Andropogon annulatus, Porsk—Deecan, (oujarat- Throughout the
hillsand vlains of India, Tropical Africa, China, Australia, Pacifie.

Aristida adscenscionis, L.—-Gujarat, Deecan--Throughout the plains
and low hills of India, ug to 8,000 ft., most warm countries.

Avistida funiculata, Trin. and Rupr—Sind, Deecan, S. M. Conntry—
Plains of the Panjab, Rajputana, from the Konkan southward,
Beluchistan, Avabia, Tropical Africa.

Gracilea royleana, Nees.—Sind, Deccan, Konken—Panjab Plan,
Rajputana, Sind, Central India, Socotra, Nubia.

Cynodon dactylon, Pers.—Thronghout India, Burma, and Ceylon,
np to 5,000 ft.--All warm countries,

Chloris barbata, Swar.—Throughout the plains of India, Burma,
and Ceylon—Tropics generally.
Bleusine wgyptiaca, Pers. —Throughout the low country of India,
Burma, and Ceylon, Malacca—warm regions of the Old World.
Leptochloa chinensis, Nees.—Gujarat, Konkan-—Throughout India
and Barma, Ceylon, Malaya, China, Japan, Australia.

Phragmites karka, Vrin.— AI] over India, Afghanistan, Tropical
Asia, Africa, Japan, Australia.

Eragrostis ciliaris, Link.—-Sind, Gujarat, Deccan, Konkan—All over
India, Avabia, Tropical Africa.

Halopyrum mucronatum, Stapf.—Sind, Gujarat, Konkan, Kanara—
Coasts of Western India and Ceylon, Arabia, Tropical Africa.
Mluropus villosus, Trin—Ou salt ground--Sind, Gujavat--Sandy

shores of the Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon, salt plains of the
Panjab, Afghanistan, Persia, Arabia, Mediterranean region.
Triticum vulgare, .—Cultivated.
Hordeum vulgare, L., var. hexastichon, Aitchis—Cultivated.

In order to give 2 more complete idea of the vegetation of Cuteli

we shall

add a few notes on the cultivated plants: of that Province.

The arable area of Cutch is estumated at about 1,500,000 acres. Tt

consists,

generally speaking, of a valley formed between the Dora

Hills and the Charwar range, the extensive plain between the Deora

Hills and the sea, and inferior valleys formed by subordinate hills in

1 cf. Bombay Gazetteer, Vol, V.

rl t ‘ : 7
Pie sales NEPAR LPAI Da Zouk tata. wht
; te “

ial Peihie@s Sbaaiilhs wWurr- Lib yl a aes bed Sil!
: a Nag i Sees aw! La

7 f ®@ al ’ s be = \~ v4 4

ai ptt ahh “ vo = \% ae ey ;
' it - : fj . i.
: ee ae) en ee Bd
ge wT) OE yr ae hae
. 7 : iy* of oe 128

me rw 3% ct

Sa) * <td

7 " it Ft Aes “4 rf cgay y?%: apeatsh ti 1
A Fae y oe F wi? pele - wy .
7 OL a * 4 oe a
- = eet Ope ul 09“) Ae a woi) Ie-er Wy rs
| ghivenii ere eer s ee wate Maire Gey
- P44 re mths eee nel Ghee Wet) |i?
oa ' - wien © Th at em La? vial @ o
> ' Ae ba ue? oO ey oe ee oe Te gel P ’
7 - fiji ae ares te? ant “fst , at ee
a) Pe. wire. Fey a ip 1 ay) helt jit 0% fwart.! ay a.
yi ae @ ibt« GA ve pay w ge
es. : ‘ nin) tt Wy * bt. <0. Wel wh a ie ey : :
“seme weinte we te) ie A
: : Gee Mpa eeaget eartie (5)

Li age! e6i)
dedi hid 4s rar ar panies weg iawn
MPL

her 8" Aid 2 dR, pence by gesieatge PARE .
7m tae Py ses ute wd paul AT lee . :
a Pd Suey oude High |, ate ehinore™ beso
ee Sant - a wee on :
— ti Hi ple. a i) ee peg = pe : 7
a : ‘ oe she whit canines if o
7 7 = penis! 5 pe Gue yes ‘ae - neenapedeal hs ; +. .
: ! S ofp, Yontyeat peal i te ttyl *piaele ry : “a
; a ae ee 11 pea ede! ge vi \
Ma iy? gigi Dy > im in ;
7 : gat y/o vk J
. 174 ee Lavi A ira algae eat? nie
aS ter se Al ei w a: ees neat i
— nat Rip Ns aah unde Sa i sla Wet pe Soul og ai at
7 ai an eae alae ear hl yh we
re | enT oy —) Wie" 1 in 7 '
i Aye Sit «ifusd irae gpl (a stam
Se Me ee
7 , Land ~ eu ge: vi rth ;

=
:
; ams pei iol
;
7
:

)

b

vu . ‘ :
' aS | ;
f : a ee
>
ue

FLOKA OF CETCH, ih

the ranges, and finally the plains ef Vagad. The plain remning in
From the coast towards the Dora range is the most extensive, und is
atten twenty and even thirty wiles broad, nierspersed occasionally
with detached hills, Close to the sea-beacl isa high bank ol sand,
which extends gront the western end of the Province to the entrance
of the Coulf of Cuieh, and is called by the natives “ Cligo.” For the
rest, the general appearance of Catch which ts arid and sandy in the
extreme, is very often diversified iv the neighbourhood of iis towns
and villages by patches of culfivation, Of grains the following are
cultivated in Catch: Pennisetum typhoidenm, Nich. (Bajei or com-
mon Millet) Ti forms one of the staple crops and when sown in
muddling soils it grows best where the land is slightly salt. Though
generally grown by itself, it is also sown with Phaseolus muago, lL.
(Mav.) and Phaseolus aconitifolius, Jacy. (Norad) in Abdasa and
Vagad. Onthe whole it flourishes best asa garden crop. -ludro-
pogor sorghum, Brote. Gluvar or Great Millet) does best on deeply
cultivated rich clay and is rarely watered. Five chief yaricties sre
vrown in Catch: Juvar and Puchar, sown in June or July soon after
Millet and Cotton : Gundali, sown betore the beginning of the cold
weather or towards the end of Aneust ; Chastio, sown about the end
of February and grown by urigation: Ratad, sown in July and
August asadry crop, or in the hot season asa watered erop. Tri
ticum rulyare, Vill. {Wheat} is chiefly irrigated, Only in some
parts of Vagad that are liable to fooding, unwatered wheat is
vrown. Lt generally ripens in Eebraary. Hordeune vulgare, 1. var,
hevrastichon, Aitchis. (lay or Barley) is grown by irrigation and
reaped in January. In the south allayial plain and in the plain north-
west of Bhuj about Dhinodhar they grow small quantities of
lensing coracana, Gaertn. (Nagli) and Panicune erns-galli, i. rar.
Pumentuccum (Bantii as cold weather crops. Lanievne mibiaveum,
Lis vare. Saccharum offietnamum, L. (agar cane) may be men-
tioned in this place on acconnt af its position in the natural system
of classification, It is grown in small quantities, especially im
Central Cutel to the north-west, sonth-east and sonth-west of Bhuj,
and shout Anjarand Mundra. The Pulses are not well represeuted.
Inthe inost sandy parts we find Phascolas aconitifolius, Jacq. (INarad).
li is mo-ily sown by itself, but sometimes mixed with Cyanopsis
psoralivides, DC. (Gawar) which grows best in sandy Joam. The same

=

=

i |
i f Ciegl od
j ‘ : ,
Ty 4 oat dis !
«ely y ’ Whi ‘
i A ' ’ irr
: ® woes (Ga we
pe Hip ei ae
nt _ f, {ali Velev Al i : =|
ie : 7] ves
: a ; wey) ve jay
a faltthadty i 0 dot ein Fe
| ‘. Tie ie ere ere
i, P i> (an ai), a: @)t4 Wel “wine
7 © th rit (hart atime pO,
7 ies pee oii itee ltt a ' wil “
; Dea 2 ap Hrs TO Ghent a) erits
a 0 VI Wet > Aude Spee ‘ie ds
: a (Viet th heb dare eel 9 at 5
’ Bi at iaetag 9) ori) ) ore ee tit lesker
; TN ed a ht Sevtignn tn)
an a i 1th ” a Cod =e at polhy: aren Fl: ad oa Whe ey aa? nth
7 = tay @ ANN OF he oan all 0G 0 ey he te
ui ti kal fia a Aves ated wun “i
avi enti a wie deft) bd Saye ¥, “ ;
a r Pw ih Wate Mat droge eHo rae ak oie
aor at in eg A Gettiull so alg obs, aries
i ligt i Sh) ta Mit shearyy eo titlen daeerrs aT | pouch al non
Ee ee UM ce inal
=m sO Gakegl: or itil foe alk =
fe voile, corel * oon od hig sen iViall ges ‘
a Oey een KL neh cones a
i oy bal 0 0 oid ee, Fk: fener pre
Mag, A 1.9
ele, 40 Panie Ss
ar Ry? May oe
a iy see, .0° 7
(idvoticg 9 WMH un &
a Mangere
) fe)
> i,
, Wage >

166 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol, X1X.

kind of soil is very suitable to Phaseolus mungo, I. (Mag). Cuer
arietinum, L.is very little grown asa coll weather crop. Réteznus
communis, L.is corimon all over the Province. but chiefly crown
as an early crop in Vagad, Kanthi, and eastern Abdasa. It is
foten sown together with Cotton. Sesamum indicum DC., and
Guizotia abyssmica, Cass, are grown in the rainy season, either hy
snelf, as in Vagad and parts of Abdasa, or together with Cotton and
Millet in other places. Brass’ca campestris. L. var. napus (Rapeseed)
is a cold weather crop, and grows either by itself or together
with wheat. In eastern Abdasa, Kanthi, and Vagad Gossypium her-
haceum, LL. is extensively grown in clay soil. It is picked twice or
thrice towards the end of February, in March or April, The common
Indian vegetables are cultivated in plenty, and the soil and climate
have proved exceedingly favourable to European vegetables, The latter
require only constant irrigation during the hot season to preserve
them in luxuriance. The following are found in various parts of
Cutch: Alibiseus esculentus, L.; Piswm sativum, L.; Dotichos
lablab, L ; Cujanus indicus, Spreng. ; Phaseolus vulgaris, by, «
Moringa pterygosperma, Gaertn. : Cucumis sativus, L.; Cucumis
melo, L.: Luffa aagyptiaca, Mill. ; Afomordica charantia, L. ;
Trichosanthes anguina, 1; Lagenaria vulgaris, Ser ; Citrullus
vulgare, Schrad. ; Cucurbita moschata, Duchesne ; Cucurbita mazima,
Duchesne ; Cucurbita pepo, DC. The Melons, generally, are reckon-
ed superior to those of any neighbouring country. They grow in
the dry beds of rivers where their roots are in a stream of water a
few inches below the surface. Their leaves and fruits being exposed
to the double effect of a buming sun upon a scorching sani, the
fruit is brought to the greatest perfection, The Melon is ripe in
April, May and Jone, Other vegetables are: MVaveus carota, L.
(Carrot); Apium graveoleus, Ii, (Celery); Solawin melongena, L.
(Brinjal) ; Lycopersicum esculentum, Miller (Yomato) ; Lrassea
olerucea, L. with many varieties; Raphanus sativus, L.: Allen
cepa, Li; Allium sativum, Is. Besides, we find the following plants
cultivated : Nicotiana tabacum, L. (Tobacco) : Solanum tuberosum, L.
(Potato) ; Capsicum frutescens, L, (Chillis). Of frutts Jfungijera
indica, Lb, (Mango) anl Psidium guyava, L, (Guava) are largely
grown by the help of water. In some parts of the sandy water
bearing yellowish-brown soil we find Phenix sylvestris, Roxb

’ 1, GRA ae 5 pul ey a *. I 7 eee
a
7 ) f vit a give i wan ins iy tints
Tae eee Vali dees O@ ip, (i ' 2 pe ol pave Fane
> Oi eg % tien) wn | a wT dah Per 7 OVW @ Pe
J sane hu bgue oe) Pile [ihe 4 ae
* tne bye: brig here als fete WMiyet i “artist
Ria he a ee ee ee | |
‘<8 Kam) Ay 6 ' " lar! Hig , pall
i ctl TR i 7 mei | velit AT Petipa
: [ilar cy a! y? i fi pet yet Putra iw afi
By i) Lom! Ri tes: Cin le ate A wilt jetge gay
p4i) Lehigiaid: « s at. etge, GP ie i yA tai) -
-. Wer } : ;
ih ew aw} Ae int : : « i tA ben “Dhol: ; hen
i aii eh 5 aly @. AND, On eget agaliay
“a0 sid pe) Pad de? i ‘ al 4 fhe i) who Phew @ he rwriy aviul
: 7 nt) 3% Ame TH Mualeie A 6 ewer
€ hi Tie My) ; ( @ Avg) ohn ay midi eral a (tant
ea, 4 i . : ‘ Atos OP” sane yi | jet
te a jf Agthr
em | © : «pis q/Vu : (ore tas
ww
"tp * ak cal veqvon ees tgeneyel,
ty : nae Arty veh eG 1G TN, we ag neal if shen
rai 4 : ao eM XQ ominngelill «
WF we Sia “ Lot Type: ab ME oie. Barat’ “yoni
ss aa in pint il gli ign sient ¢ Riadinatl

fas diy! »

may an ope ‘Ve wee 4a! Maitre. ie

ie Gis tan en) co Qe Mat Mab pecs Stead Ob wh ;

pales hy Pe Qaelitex alt wi slide ects, veel

Nha. ay ite P Gog « & gt iw.4 14 Sede wtalyaodh iliean
DOS aa Me uh) dy “ooh emt ony wal? oi te yond Efoec

_ ait Pah gees
ane aay sigh, go Oo
maa on

tr ithe tN, aes

“1,

Fi sons ait oyes Silla
i Ais ‘hea aad gigeeth ul
Vithrona T4q% iw. ae

ips, | ,

ii =i A 7

= Ja ould: Coen sei ant ale eves
a! rank at 4 ey i wn
mau fey let ae
j Fi Pat a otis 9 (a) a ee
, ’G haw sa! tl ony = ‘ere
‘eon ae are} Lae Gate ¥ oo es 7 a
: 4
i Te i
. 7 y _
¥

FLORA OF CUTCH. 167

(Date Palm). Though being interior to those trom Arabia, Persia,
and Sind, the Cuteh Date is better than any other erown in Western
India. Cocos aucifera, 1. (Cocoanut) is cultivated in small quantities
along the coast. Vitis vinifera, Vs. produces well-flavonured grapes.
Oiher fruif trees are: Panira graaatun, L. (Pomegranate) ;
Caria papaya, Le (Papaya); Musa sapientum, 1, (Plaintain) -
Citrus medica, L. (Citron) ; C. medica, Ui., ear. Limetta (Sweet Lime):
(, medica, L., var. acida (Sour Lime); C. medica, Li. var. limonene
(Lemon); Citrus aurantiom, Li. (Ovange) ; Citrus deumana Murr.
(Pummelo) ; Ferants elephantum, Carr. (Elephant or Wood
Apple): Anena squaniesa, 11, (Custard Apple): 1. cetéentata, Wh,
(Ramphal).

The catalogue given above cannot be considered 10 be complete.
It contains those species only that haye been collectel on our tour
from Rohar, on the Gulf of Cutch, to Anjar, Bhuj. and across the
Banni, to Pacham Island in the Grand Rann. Our journey, therefore,
forms, so to say, a cross-section of the whole Proyince of Cuteh, and
as the physical and climatic features of the differemt parts of Cuteh
do not vary very much, | think we are right in concluding that this
eross-section will give u fair idea of the whole flora. Only «a few
plants have been added to our list on the authority of Col. Palin; but
we have every reason io believe that they occur in the same
region which we exam‘ned ourselves.

The following remarks apply only to the indigenous plants
of which onr catalogue contains 545 species. Taese belong
to 74 Natural Orders. The dominant Orders (»/z., those represented
by the greatest number of species) of the Cutch flora are, roughly
taken, the same as those of Hooker's Indus Plain Provinee. The
Legumingse, stand first with 67 species: then there follow the
Gramince: with 35, the Mulvacca: with 24, the Composite with 22,
the Cyperacee with 17, the Convolcutacce with 17, the Cururbita-
cee with Ld, the Amarantaceer with 13, the Copparidicce with 12,
the Acanthaee, Eaphorbiacca, and Solanacew with 11 species. It
is very prebable that a more thorough exploration of the country
will change the rank of some Orders. With regard to the Gramince,
e.y., we feel pretty sure that they outnumber the Leguminosae.
Though, on the whole, most of the plants seem to be out in Decem-

ber, it is just the grasses that do not present themselves in such a

: ; 7
i 2 We .
Nie. yy } a ye Ph See fi ity, equi, si

Ss oD - ance ~ ie ei Mind frat), 4 1 pale a we

a, we) ee S) yay rial yb vay eee?

Was Niger? 4 Ldveiity wie
“Dey gic : vi) =o tint eae
i iy . } Beans i) al) ie lye, Oe 7
hia ye 7 i b ? ait | een age |
Py > ypuir up “reer iy) Gale

oa 7 vs 8 i]

if a. na U4} D : ty i ee Ol of uit {
a ha ioe § al Fi ow 1° 4a pear’ ia ipod

i tare T r “4 ‘iy ree | Ave ;* ee ee 2

iit yong

i vo uM Jive Pi if] amet ed We Dae? eth bol hh aii ‘
nit?’ Jy avilel wih die?) Coanld at We Wes Yat, aong
vet + jiaenel i ogee to | i jer emai T9 ie oT ae why

—_ a ra b-it Wee filha ails wil 2 wip insay 20 hay de sey a
- nay ib Aplt eo? we el re “yee duid- | (Teania ast wey. iy
- aa 3 i" mull Aone 6 Wank ab gry Be Ly ee

= wi. nn his ot nae OW fie SAT eee oe 6 RW teen! cond 7 of
pt A aww 90 Hutt wetted 4h ave Rell
oboe bef he Whe. dindlae 4A
fy Saargn oi. ahi gh iyd wt yarn ial
. (wt ee me a i
sek ti NS eal) ) 40) rapa vanity oT end i ree OF
Al a4 ae DAL Weethaee, Solana \stttiet. &
AY lmpey th) ahah yaad “ weet pistes oi
TSG) Sean Seidl) Gels j@ioan ”

pe ge Pe & epi. he, iheibe xy a yl, tes eae y

i ater Due 0), fue aah iedell
rt . 1) Aid, cote lienig li NF AU) anim
‘ d futhiny FPO are pyres ia’ she
a gle O- pesiniagee wigntoene

q ah eh we iv
inches,
OAT, lie ets

168 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol, XIN.

condition at that time as to furnish sufficient material for their
identification, Of the 345 indigenous plants about 30 only are trees,
95 shrubs and undershrubs ; all the rest are herbs, mostly perennials,
Almost all the plants have a wide geographieal distribution with
regard to the Indian as well as to the extra-Indian region, No ende-
mic species has been found as yet. Cutch has ever 200 species in
common with Sind and about 160 with Gujarat. Of the latter about
70 do not oceur in Sind, whilst of the tormer over 80 have not been
found in Gujarat. IJfwe eonsider that Catch is a country with « lone
dry season, that the soil is mostly sandy or rocky, that sult is present
in the soil not onfy along the sea shore and in the vicinity of the
Great Ramm, but more or less all over the country, we shall find it quite
natural that most of the plants of Cuteh exhibit a remarkable eeneral
similarity and agree in having a lower rate of transpiration than
plants living in places where plenty of water is available ; in short
that the vegetation shows a distinct xerophytie character, Nearly all
the structural features by which transpiration is reduced may he
observed in the flora of Catch: A thick euticle upon the epidermis
of the leaves. reduction of the number of stomata, depression of the
stomata, a thick covering of hairs, reduction of the transpirmg surface,
formation of aqueous tissue, etc. In the following we shall examine
anunber of plants in which the xerophytic character is best express
ed, indicating briefly the special Gontrivanees by which reduction of
transpiration is obtained.

In Tinospora cordifolia a corky bark is formed over the woody
parts of the plant and, thus, transpiration confined to the younger
parts and the leaves.

Coceulus villosus has the younger parts densely villous, also
the upper and lower surface ct the leaves and the petioles.
Cocculus leaba shows similar formations to those of Tinospors
cordifolia, Fearsetia jacyuemontii, a vigil sbruh, ix covered all

:
over with appressed hairs, which, Tike a thick felt, reduce
excessive transpiration, The Order Capparulacee, shows a great
variety of adaptations to a dry climate. Cleome monophylla is
covered with pubescence and even the capsules are clothed with
short stout hairs. Cleome stocksiang is partly protected by haying
ileshy leaves which store up a considerable quantity of water.

In Cleome brachyearpa the younger stems are -covered with

‘. - 1
rs
im, Prous ait | ey Deine as nh Fae
cab it lat Coniny: iL wires ; ls (pl te ulinoudr
mya, Wirt Wr ce bE 2b eh
Wr iow ; , wali Sprites eed din City 2,
7 TT SLO “uy ye me eae Cl. trtlé -
ant a | nln ve eds oe eitan'h: esa equa”
ter pi a hed) ebay ras lA
Lait i Ae \ i" jell toe tes lay, (py :
i i ve SACHA rl f OE wie Ge onne nd, 17
ow | ral hi Gall ne Opeaahie bo Ten
; Jie) Ge Ata Mar +i NGt (1 nil wre Qa
| al ate see iy quel View iy hon pal fi _
mmiy u Toran wih yahu lineal oo ewy ied ee ea
Pigsi¥F, pic CaP? i eR ee a
i Oo) ia. Peat ohn) wy eg? FM ii birt
a ey 1 grip vd wrt eae Wontel-atiels § ° val
ye Lichinan MN fg mr aibteth) @ wrth; revit! qe) oi een
ae re int os rear Aagenl oe Hail\: oepetts joprtewnty ah ‘
a Lk pt) Geet el) Ai dined, i
werit, fpanents 4 Todi ait Mrtey eros! Gt. 7s:

ue Anal ae diy Qirireitt oe yt lien eine fe dd unimaire’d a o,
e —_ 948) a eae Hom cul) slyly A | We walla ws! at

jw wilt ao beet ob pftetec otly yen silvia. iv! :
Swiss! } y hi Wet ape itn (agaayit? al! AL inely mola bs ehey

. “4 ae = in opal yt ea Siren | ner Pour" wowpeyer aks
pride? Weave i. peal ay sdf,»

ry, Fre 4 fori ew 1g ithhenu Hall & char’ &

bb»
1

TL by uk dA. Sharer. nian eg)h Thared wes Praca ee .
Brews Pe. glut oh or apna an prod

test vf tate ote
suile =" awh unig =f Nears ont Aveubles > are

Or aa a ithereal 7
avow Att ee \oitlagee ahi ¥

nee ye cal alee? aid al
a ee i

“48

"adi ahs aunt: ir, ie®
Lite pow ida * eee nr or rh

7 fa ' or ie er ror 4 it ; - ; “bis a:
win & cede SSapiter
; a ee bie = a.

Dalvew's' « “Bai: ines api b

FLORA OF COTCH., 1a

oladniar lates © also the petals are glandular-pubesceni as well
as the capsules, Those glands secrete an ethereal oil whieli
resembles very mueh that of the rue, If is just the vapours
of that ofl which acts protective against too profuse transpiration : for
ip tsa welt known fact that air laden with vapears of an ethereal oil
is much less permeable to radiating leat than pore air, ty this way
a plant, surrounded hy a layer of vaponrs of an ethereal oil, will he
profected at day-time against everheating and consequently against
exeessiye transpiration, and at night against too great a cooling down,

The stems and branches of Gynaudropsis pentaphylla are covered
vith white spreading hairs and the Jeayes are pabeseent ou doit
sides, whilst the sepals and the ovary are clothed with glandular
Ualrs.

The young stems and branches, including the leaves ot Cappares
spinosanre covered witha grayish-white layer of wax which just allow-~
the green colour to be slightly visible. This contrivance greatly
reduces cuticular transpiration. The same effect is produced by the
svange colour of the stipules, which inthis plant asswme the form of
avo hooked thorns.

The reduction of the transpiring surface is well shown in Cappares
pludla. The older branches are quite destitute of leaves, and the
younger shoots bear exceedingly small and spmous-pomied lenves.
Also in this ease, the stipular thorns are not green. but orunge-vellow.
The voung parts of Capparis horrida are protected by a rufous tomen-
min, Polygula erioptera has narrew linear leaves, whilst: specivnens
of the same species, lt erowing in less dry parts ef the
Presidency have usually oblong-ovate leaves. In Polyearpeca caryn-
fosa the voung branches and the pedicels are hoary-pnbescent, the
leaves narrow linear, The species of Portulaca are protected in
varions ways: The stems of ?. oleracea are reddish, the leaves
fleshy with reddish margins, We find fleshy leaves alse in Por-
fulaca yvadrifida and 2. tuberosa: the stipules form a ring
of silvery hairs in the former, and a ring of brownish ones in
the latter.

Tamariz dioica aml ericoides Nave got minute scale-bke leaves,
Both make use of the hyero copie salts that collect on he stuface of
the plant. At times of droucht they absor) the moisture which is
contained in the atmosphere in the form of vapours, Thus it happens

on
on

é
r
7
r ira Sota R 1th Ch
" A aie fe e ne HAH) Ohi, Fe)! Y
i nL, Wa? ah Sie oe? a "
‘ i a my ee ee ct ee ity
7 a te et ve Cadi pepe MOPRPRTATY SOR eae ILA
; | ‘NS 9 wee is rete Peta aie ery
" a 4) @et, Sntilhah oh ably rf
eee dhe Wigae ee er ee ee
vi ; er, | i ee berths just Raha ain Om ity oy Lietae

—) p= MP) Wile beat ag: el gird Wh Wally Cite anny, no fy
alting eS oh la sian? véee ki Nepali WV nde og
ow ran UT peel i fibe ate ay , ale

7
u - ioe 1 Ppterigh he ALAA ent El) Ten ey 1 “ha
x re
ri ; acs Sen Mn {idle ayre abantivat! Wei, pe ov ae
; ee Hh ite ibibo Haperg, ote iveremuna? "
¥ Seiya aT ntl Wage stat! ant (aise el
fg ieoritinn), Geiwthy rite al? wliilp danetmen pe | aq tg wire Gilet
: 6 al ul —riomdehe Ua 4 hip wii, mela" Pepi ait
; uiindtse ~ deiuit i
’ Sw) yp 0 are 8 Nin od, aside Alina nadll we We inner paiid uy
ues etre Aa & dtm Mig on avidownewed Wuel of ;
7 Dt a ‘ enn cy eiatige okey Viner eh ypith one vl ibys oF
* e a ee ee) he or coger ysihd poten (00 thd at: .
¥ 7 LDS DA SH witowtiiy ath elie i amyl of v G(phiay: yous
; i tlie re) ae ee
J pe. pare RN eet ath aretha ge’ alin
' Rosie vob at (ial ging oe Saas q
: 2-4 Saba tend tay) dow Oh, ham elbaiard uae)
ee ee ek as
op ai alien ees Agung se Me tit tam
. i= yond Gade Lait HR, ,
- w" oath of) treet MC page
- : ) ot! See ilad oat « Nak aii ac el
_ ;
7 ' c oti if sit fy, Wiebe EE a4
om ; 8 7 itt papas
ag 9 a eipaniah
: : ys : i ae of eepeaith!

TL = | . er | ena)
: ; ( oa be 0
= | . | ae

7h

1700 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol, XTX.

that very often at night or in the early morning the green parts of
the plant are covered with dew, whilst all the other plants in the
neighbourhood are quite dry. The white crust that is seen at
day-time on the green branches and leaves consists chiefly of
chloride of sodium and ealcium carbonate with some other saline
substanees. :

Bervia odorata shows the tendency to crowd the leaves into
fuseicles. IJtis evident that by this means the leaves cover and
protect each other and are, thus, less exposed to the heating influence
of the sun, Side spinosa and rhondbijolta, car. retuxe, look quite gray
trom very small stellate hairs. Stull better protected is Abutdlou
graveolens which, besides having long spreading hairs, is covered
with a sticky coat of short hairs. OF Grewa rmilosa, which is usnally
found in the dry parts of the Presidency, the branches ave crey
puberulous, the upper surface of the leaves rough with sicllate hairs,
the lower velvety, the petioles villous and the stipules hairy, the
flower-buds, sepuls, and ovary covered with pilose hairs,

Tribulus terrestris and TP, alatus belong both io the desert flora.
Besides being protected by silky villous hairs they perform some
spee‘al movements by whieh the plant-surface exposed to isolation
is greatly reduced, The leaves are abruptly pinnate. Now, when
the heat is rising at noon or in the afternoon, the leatleis begin to
turn round their own axis and, at the same time, upwards round the
common rhachis, till they are lying in one vertieal plain with their
upper sides touching each other.

Zigophyllam simples anl Z. cocemeum differ trom the above
mentioned plants hy the distinet sueculence of their leaves. In both
species they are cylindric, in Z. semplee sessile andin 2, coce¢neum
bifoliate on a stout tleshy petiole. In the centre there isa thin-walled
water-tissue occupy’ng about 3 of the whole diameter in the former,
and about } in the latter, At the same time, the stomata are de-
pressed. The young branches in Z. coceineum ave, besides, covered
with a white powdery tomentum. The leaves of Fugowta eretica are
thick, approaching the type of sucentent plants. The outer walls
of the polygonal cells of the epidermis are very much thickened.
Lotus gareiniis x small undershrub thai grows in sandy soil. Its
branches are covered with grey silky hairs ; the leaflets are extremely

small and fleshy, both sides are clothed with grey hairs, Many

ee ee ae po genlge GHAR MOF FORE eT |
7 “
hy Avia sor ag ( gaye / Tif ines seed ait " sw
a Ol) cr. aie. ge Ae ere i re foi wt
Dm ak 2 Od Lisa Oe. Gb ee
ap atin : ae : we BHA nf wre all 4h, mya
gre (aia rr [Wve uscat eh, Wire v ij. rr 4 @ Lipral fig
r | ai ’
‘ igs Cott 84
ap ies )» Pani Mal ty vette 200 A Gary
A ae a i!) Agta Cea jiougG] > =
ite 4 WP eo Per G6 Aw be 9 1 ies Fist iv Mp Lean (veny
lee vou ae? iene el Un

a } wae hi rie m4 dye. Wacrde eel
: geen ni at aviv! ache. \endb a hoes

grail). centye Y ayad (ile 1) Nene elatb of Gyhe
; ‘fo Quen 1. a7 We we mi peltnag) | Laagely
Bie dig incr eect gl my endigem Frag Nt eel wl anty

Jrouy aia hide: Rr ee el BL toe aley hy
ayia wifi shiny dive Jadpwnvet, Abe det dio’ © dnl Seen “7
jy cot ead quabal: eneas 77 fivves aefharhiys dallel®

ftenat | on) ead vaquali fle od § ‘~ Lo) Weal aa or
i ee ee ae ee il neauhiy Phaty &
dedi aysiomd Wed votaeuliy. Ste dk iter ee
ire ctecsnlye alre? “Yreyd, SAS ask: ileah pak rancor toed tue
aii the Vale” ‘vivre or a ars rin hdl thal whilnita Cray
- ta prleve dae gah Lied ecb yg s
on ir ney wid pseudo hes tat “oe tg git
a al ¢ peel Jetty athe Maliheck i ae
yea, Ae iy vile age oF «tally a cae

vas 5 Mluee ajwwip "fe etogd nlh’ aie! cole
7 » let yl! hy Tileldrene ‘ta ol m
i iateold Weary «re es larg ea =~ Siang
ta dopants. afl err | vigil ee r
; 0 aan Wear welt aie 7
P rie seg thin eal thee a
> | ; " an, ;

one

4 idk bart ays = Hen iad i’ all yer (deTes eiiia or

- }:

ao HN eene alal (eit ae LE by mw aan 3°
fined) ae Ath etal le Tage rian
i a ws i, Sati “AOL soliton ls

os ain also gna eurwviens £ Licalilie bare vane eet ie

FLORA OF CUTCH. 171

species of /nd‘gofera and Tephrosia are similarly protected, Alhags
camelorum isa much-branched rigid shrab armed with axillary spines
which produce the flowers. The leaves zre not of great unportance,
being very small and of short duration, Thete tuaction is performed
by the grean tissue of the branches and thorns which have iheir
stomata in pits at right angles to the long axis. sleaeta ehurnea,
indigenous in the dry parts of India, has the young branches
purplish-browa : the leaves are very small and the Jong stipular
spines ivory-white, Eehinops sechinatus, a thistle-like lierb, 1s
¢glothed with a white cottony pubescence. The deeply pinnatifid
leaves are spinescent, the spines yery ofien reaching one inch ; the
involucres are surronnded by strong white bristles and the iter-
mediate bracts are usually produced into sharp spines, Of the
Asclepadacee the followmg contain a milky juice: Perploca
aphylla, Calotropis procera, Oxystelia esculentum, Damie ecxtensa,
Sarcostemma brevistigma. 1 lave not been able to ascertain
whether the latieiferous tissue, besides being a reservoir of waste-
prodacés, contains also plastic substunces The fact that so many
plants growing in dry localities develop this tissue makes it very
probab!e that part of tse latex is reserved fur times of scarcity.
Periploca aphylla is an erect branched shrub and mostly without
any leaves : but when these are present they are extremely small
and thick. Calotropis procera grows much bigher in Cuteh than
I have ever seen it on the Deecan. The woody parts becone
quite corky, whilst the young branches aud leaves are covered with
a cottony tomentum. Saresstemma brevistiqma is a twining
jomted shrub withoat leaves ; transpiration is confined to the green
pendulous branches. Leptadenia’spartiune is mostiy leafless > loaves
are seen sometimes on young shoots.

Cressa cretia, which is a common andershrab on cultivated
fields and blown sand, can be recognized by the great number
of very small leaves that are covered all over with a whitish
crust of a hygroscopic salt. This is secreted in solution by
glandular hairs that are to be found in depressions on both sides
of the leaves, li is not very probable that the water supplied
by the ubsorbing action of the sali is sufficient in times of
drought, because the leaves are very delicate, the onter walls
of the epidermal cells thin and the stomata not depressed at

-») ; - onl ai 106 wia ia) City Ti sayy bb at?

aes es i ot Simla dae i Se Soe werkt

ie
4 ot s | i ’ ey =! e
- i ; ey, (Vv rege ltt spa ' yidi
ie J Himes .4 fal
' = ?
. seg (5 = ' a ! UO Pai
> abe) Gna TA ody lt jy A
‘ i] i i ens 4p vay wixied
mn np ian! of if ui i oH ony, “stiqueat fl
ay a =a o p0k) be A i "i ie ; U4+atii rene
7 thy — ar Ta, ea)
= Pla, — A ' i ae Lp ‘ (ia j
— iy is tein — : , [ ee oe | ‘
7 mY bh
5h > = « j +
‘~ ee oe. eh et ii ie Se anil
pc Balk

i) i ¥ pial ie alate iHemn, © Mudd, of

7 , Lov on Yen i te ak mapuutren — wean
y ne oe med Oe avail } mat’ Duman)

= tae dnt Hie ee ee if
- 7 ee W scd of Gree Guaewty vclal > qcaiaine tall
; ‘ “6 pAnet Vitae di ialyity GAR
» a ee ee ee | ae
bi oo : pris att tibon wid tine ok Shae pied
ba At Vitter Sagan oxul fis wh
as I oe yi). Uae, baler survied uy diately ty le

to

Po yy eee Ofer vos Gun eehgiggad atin fault nltter ¥ "
a . ee Lng a ye sietott ea ime
y _ i ‘wee : edi lieetars , arqmed ‘sible dont ti
¥ ert eS Le OT et emenhaay pare ae het do Ald
. at £: oivabs yodiite e Pacsafe:
vt meaty ae sete et © Td on Ni
et oT sonn el a Peary aa
‘ _ : mth ae era re orp
we ee oe ivigiives) io Wt nc
: 7 nie at \ : = ele Heda =< to

= ieee eas = ae

i i) = ad iy
5 4s
r. Ye
1 ae IE

172 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol, XIX.

all. It seems that the rhizome which descends very deep into the
substratum furnishes the necessary moisture.

Breweria latifolia, Conrolvulus rottierianus, and CC. microphyllus
wre small undershrubs confined to the dry parts of the Presi-
devey. A dense felt of silky haivs and strong outer walls of the
epidermis seem to be their chief protection, The transpiring
surface ot Solan canthocarpum is considerably reduced hy
the formation of numerous vellow prickles on the branches and
on the gidrib and nerves of the leaves. Soelanon duticum anil
S. trilobatwu ave similarly armed. Dlepharis sindica is yrotected
in various ways: the stem is mostly very short, often searcely
visihle ; the branches are ash-grey and covered with short hairs :
the leaves are small linear and sessile, rough with stiff hairs,
and have the margins bent back ; at the base of the leaves there are
sometimes some small spinous teeth; the Iracts are hairy on both
sides with a spinous point, the upper part is armed with recurved
sharp spines: the ,bracteoles are huiry and ciliate : the outer and
inner side of the calyx are softly hairy, the 4 midnerves of the larger
calyx-segment are produced into 3 bristly teeth, In Salvza eayp-
tiaea, var. pumila, we find that the vascular bundles of the anain-
nerves are surrounded by water-tissue which unites the epidermis of
the upper side of the leave with that of the lower one. As to
BErua jovanicu there is scarcely any doubt that the thick woolly
felt covering almost all the parts of the plant, is protective in
function. In Sulicornta brachiata, a jointed branched shrub, trans-
piration is entirely confined to the green branches, there being only
scaly hracts and no leaves atall. Sueda fraticosa and S. nudijlora,
which usually grov. in saline places, have fleshy leaves. A transverse
section shows that the greatest part is occupied by water-tissue.

Before concluding this paper [should like to make a few remarks

vn the flora of the Grand Rann, as it has been sugg

seested that
a mere accurate knowledge of the vegetation of that part of
the country might heip to decide the question as to the origin
of the Rann. LT cannot give a better description of that interesting

piece ot land thun the one given by Captain Grant? in his
1 Memoir to illustrate a Geological Map of Cuteh, by C. W. Grant, Msq., Captain, Bombay
Fingineers (fu the transaccious of the Gevlogical Society of Loudun, Vol. V, p. 289. (IL)

series),

: oF “PGi eu 29 OiCos 6 i
7;
v7 Views o * ae r al Ad
i i i ale
i 7 ee wu
= ih fi) it nh i
j ; j ’
% sé i pal i “) ;
emu)! att 4) ite { {4 | a ‘ { {
Pu i wll OAD % uy
nal
ay liana! 9 >, Pat | | ‘dd
se whe , i
a) Qn? | oti % . ie
)
j Oe ee a ci} i ti - i
sien (atthe Santeet <w er
10) ae f pal gine a Ay eth A ssh
1 L 7
a Pp ime y ae be ' tf Gt ¢ nf
tay, » a MA» A cre 4ic ) : ee ion “
: = ve
ai! a@ oo Hgad Ve ‘ 5 Pierre Syriym
& - @Ghrlthy el fee i “4 eee = (/sne -
Ve aesaded aA lal CAV GA, Ponte
pam ‘ar (eee a Di “as } fia Sah Os
Reon TO ee it ido sana. ive a
ean he aera eee J ; J lan ii ae @ igor i”,
y : te tiff a nA = i j “a is *} 1 9. he ee a ,
y = y % oh I
. 1" bom: =f é i* Cane i'9 1 | : "i ioe ion, VERN | as
wy Seth. fou, ae ~ i) iil, ganas fe) ° Te
x

aL Mi a ee 1 wen) we ah gare

Wr it ‘ok i, A | reel iaevy (heeded Rowyli |

py = rae Se Wie divee® — ti Ee 4 era jtine Ss
pi? il p ingen! Paria ld il wire Ai igs Niel a du x,
lee f a ha bok oy ind? 40 he Hil ocr domed ai 7

» aan We a fe SE Lite Dotti oh] sailed anes ope oe

4)! anes +=) d 0 Mie weet ei) wll ie ice 8) i : 7
i, YOO), NRPS Moliit yea ‘ait im iboats) idiot weet OF - :

rin rey arial wah ikl ok toad. nl he. erty, Reb | 7

i niall intl aig Seedy, mire ad wt w 7
Pa ; frida | vee wan 7 rT a ( =r AT ade = ce
a a i an 7
P : i iment & lay Soe tin 6a @ ree a ojala
nay. d@ oat wl ee ae. ee oe eee

h v

FPLONA OF CUTEH, 1

ot

“Geology of Cute” This uaect containing an area of upwirds
af 7.000 square miles, exclusive of the space occupied by the
Bonuee, aud the islands of Vacham, Whureer, cete., is perhaps,
anparalleled in any known part of the globe, as it may be
slid to be placed on a level between land und water. Tt is dry
during the greater part of the year, when fis surface consists of a
sandy flat. totally devoid ot vegetation: but, perhaps, on account of its
saline nature, always sufficiently moist to prevent its particles bene
drifted. During the prevalence of the south-west winds, lowever,
so much water is blown up its eastern inlet by the Gulf of Cuteh,
and, at its western extremity, by the eastern branch of the Indus, «:
10 Geyer ifs whole surtace : augmented by the freshes, which, at tle
same fime, come down the Loonee and Bunass Rivers, and the
numerous snmull streams which intersect the northerm coast of Cuteh.
Ai those seasons the Rann has all the appearance of a sea, and js
passable only on camels, and in some seasons, with difficulty.” At
wide intervals we find small patches of coarse rush-like grass, elevated
a couple of feet above the general Jevel. They seem to have been
flat banks formed by wave action or preserved by vegetation, To
the south-west of Pacham Island almost parallel to the main land
stretches a low lying tract, called the Banni. It rises a little higher
than the remainder of the Rann and is about 65 miles long and from
ten to sixteen broad. Jn some places, especially near water, it is
thickly, but for the most part scantily covered with coarse grass.
The Babul (facia arabica) is the only tree thar breaks the
monotony of the country. It does not reaeh the height. it aftains on
the mainland, is usually isolated and rarely found gregarious, Of
other plants we noticed only Solanun vanthocarpumn od some species
of Crotalaria and Hclotropinm, growing exclusively near the beeshive:
shaped grass huts of the herdsmen.

There is no definite boundary between the Banni and the Rann.
South of Pacham [sland the Rann ean only be recognized by a
narrow belt devoid of trees. VPacham Island itself is situated in the
centre of the Rann, stretching about 14 miles from north to south
and 10 irom east to west. It is crossed by two somewhat east and
Westerly chains of hillx: the one to the north is ealled the Kala
Doongur (Black bill} and the one to the sonth Gora Dooneur

(White hill. In the former we find the most lofty elevation of

~~

irs

ae
1s
7 Aon
=",
=
_

rep aih his | oa i 4 a
= ; ,

Peet tes, pie SE. es Ai i fe iy otha i

"7
os » ‘5 L
: vo Fi u “ wrLa hb
si} vi @ Fy } Y 1A \ ¥ ad wt (Die 7
ye 7) eee tte f ov een
: aay 1G WO 's- om » lng
ge ak Ti eb AP: fh be ionbied §
a - : 1 ong) \) =a ’
7 yiae =D of i e : 7 biped Sets
4" ih, i ifs } a | - Avia! of
wer, ¥ Le i} ih | Hi inal Ae
1 7 m4 i id wl j vow? a),
, We ; a iy
: - +e amy : bua ie i 4 60 Oils

sta Maa ié ih} »: Dt ny ald SO wie
oe vi a3 | pai TaN wil @
; a ¢ eat ita lias eras
pani rei ae iP -06 Vines
ee ee ee J
—_
Apa? i sa rhacyteom 1p ew, plane Gear tain OTE
wiry Note ae en oahyoetnt of
or ral, Si (feed Vaio ate enaip halt © aii
gl : 4 “sf 4V) a arbi ata o¢ veer iets
eM g Waiheaee foals betel crten S-Wh ge-i> Tae
an ‘ent Al Theda |, sare bots 9. italy ;
: wi a4 7 ‘va ly am , sah gar

jy ah 10)? > eel. aie tt i qyhornty, a
SRT) 5 i: ie ae) ep th at mat i
Pee a te | ee wb! ), hntatl
oh ti BAY aitBar he, code sathegrmad C4 |
ws At ge Donte Pa wr HO uen! Braet Jain
ial Ae ort it arcade Pere) fer ete
ger anr T) ee ai oe Pr al tle, ‘tne r wn

7 + : i wear A asl te
hits ni a cipit' wil vO This andy rg
end 4 a al hiwiftrd tw ‘

Suraj 4 hi

ihe Hy, Sulit ys ssl

+

be al) 4 S: U
ee ply ay
“ ¥ pi
+ eq) om in
“AY 6
& 7

174. JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol, XIX.

Cuich, the Pacham Pir which rises directly from the Rann to a
height of 1 437 feet. A most extensive view can be obtained from
the summit of this mountain. Beyond a waste of salt and water the
Parkur hills are visible, and to the sonth and south-east appear
the dark surface of the Banni and the Cutch hills. The is!and is
surrounded by a margin of low ground of no great width, but narrow-
est where the mountains rise most steeply from the Rann on the north-
ern side. Sheets of hematitic laterite overlap and wrap round the
jumassics on the west and south of the low ground, sometimes
associated with earthy rocks and beds resembling voleanic ash.
Higher up the beds consist of fine white and light coloured silicious
sandstone with calcareous bands and sandy slightly ferruginous purple
beds : pale flaggy sandstones also occur.

This is not the place to enter into a discussion as regards the
arguments of geologists er an exumination of the traditions of the
natives to the effect that the Rann was once submerged. D. Oldham
(Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. LX, p. 28) came to
the following conclusions : “ To whatever causes the great plains of
Sind and the coast plains of Western India are due, that of the Rann
may also he ascribed. ts origin must be traced further back than
the formation of the deltas of the Indus and other neighbouring rivers,

heeause something in the nature of a plain or open ground was neces-

sury to receive such «deposits. This open ground was here more hilly
than to the north in all probability, forthe high iskunds whieh rise from
the Rann are evidently but the modified sununits of an older surface ;
and the silling-np of the sea-inlet which it formed was only the
result. of its Jand-locked capacity to retain the materials -

The Bunnee isa bank formed most pro-

natural
brought down by rivers.
bably by the discharge of the Kutch streams ; and the slight elevation

on masse Which subjected the old shore-deposits to denudation has

aided the tendenev of the basin to retain transported sediment, which

must accumulate yearly under present circumstances until the rivers

that convey it find their way cross the tract through channels
traversing a0 alluvial plain.”
So far geology on the origin of the Rann, Are we able from the

condition and characters of the present flora of Pacham Is!and to

derive any argument for or against the views expressed by

vcologists? Ef tae island contained no endemic species, but were

— nip
ie
' : ; :
¢ ; are]
LK NM OTA Wis OBER A wt ‘ad @ i MO TAle RAE vi id
eet r : ay
> (ered var Wen* Vion oe aye Cri | fa) ito "nh
wibtinadliide wt ays Serpe maniage) 3 ye ny Tit ee |
wie wl Late he By sette9) nape Palit: ait) in (5 WN
Set devote Mites Mt ey BY eet ttt ate
elated oT liek vivant: <) to 4g AV OMAN TD Wasdbege souls alt
oder 208 lite 60 ty | De) at en
S eta. i hilbvasiell Wal <r ‘ : =f Pebpa.a ie
“wth Lihasive ame fel ‘ Mi a) ree ate ye ld git
lees eine: eek ti) A ih | slog o
Bis. anes gift w- re ub pee rw ile: Lalas yl -
Lata! te Aparato 4 ith, earl wif ogy Soy itt
Were PL ae sie | Ley | ee Sh eye iia A the
i ; Leh iG CV est Glgiy! § finn! >.
Elid Pras Y eine : 1S ee A BS oe) wal)
ORE Ver osaytal “yy jahlp nad i “Wate ay dee on
Prestig é ital sya ee eA WDE yt es A) a pedi),
i ry (Aa OA teagivteh), (ile euaonedh)
‘ pred shu i iy, yan a eet quate or at, hai :
Dtiiel ad) In ma at » A ‘be! ! @ \e ctdiging iy ‘vid Wate. Bae
AMMA, Atte ow i iasngs et) heaeg ie! wha Gain
Semele eet icc lyiy ia coal Sy iptv 1. C9 chai ile ho, cochqrenn ged aay
be Puli @ie tate Fs . ey i en pila ant! vd

dbs ae wid a linkus., soa, Ts =) se pil. Beir oye, ld valk
ie! > Mw deadiiess Wats f WN Rh, hieks 2 Wear eit uel oy
am, ardts Te BA en = ‘eli Matar, Sas inet) wl le
" De fev iif (ie OM -oaF 1 | &yte mar bint =.

Rosi réuli "of ico | Yana ob a rote .
et

S iss eran javier 7 gil g9 i? We 2 " elie etna
~ethaaily ithightioai't hn. “FGA, 0 aT A at iy ; ee = paote a ;
x ped Hubs up ah or on? We ae oe me
mle Ahern het a tl PN, oui Ti inital salle sig

wie wal ii, ann Teer et, set a ial aeetogynoai > oh
cewtnllbe pala ae mee YE ee) erat Phiten we ;

7 i a ofp il vty lee amare
nh a Wh stn a
Loa i tama 4. ys
f

Ga mith al? eis savkog COLO

Fiicsateonds ate iiedadt ;

4 de es La “ie ~ eee: yt aig 7s

e Sl mth v el hogte Laas Nii / Stef,
fy Or ie a) 7 7 ~ @

d 4 a Thy ay ay =

maT ;
‘sve

118 Nook _

-
=

FLORA OF CUTCH. 1%

characterized by species that lo not occur in the vonntries tn-
mediately bordering on the Rann of Cuieh, we would be obliged
w adnut that at one time the island formed part of a big continent,
thai, afterwards, its inunediate surroundings were submerged, and
that what is now Sind, Rajputana, Guzerat, and Catch, was changed
entirely by some cause or other. If ondemie species were found
amovgst the members of the flora, we would be right in coneinding
that Pacham was not recently detached from a continent, but thai,
from the beginning, it was a frue ocenic island, and that, after a
long interval, the land began to rise and to forin reund Pacham
Isle. Neither of the two conditions is fulfiiled with regard to the
biggest of the Rann islands. We did not notice a single species
on Pacham, whieh we had not previously seen on the mainlanid.
The fhet that the whole aspect of the Pacham flora is quite different
from that of any other part of Cuteh examined by us is not due to
<pecifie differences im the composition of the vegetation but to
differences in the combination and development of its members, in
wousequence of the special climatic and edaphic conditions prevailing
on the island. Everybody, after crossing the grassy plain of the
Banni and the monotoneus waste of the Rann, will be astonished to
find, on a sudden, a comparatively rich vegetation. [ine shady
trees srect the traveller in the lowlying heit of the island, and
dense thickets of shrubs and climbers cover those parts that are not
under cultivation. The prevalence of woody plants is the most
striking feature of the flora, The mountain slopes look, from a
distance, us if covered with dense forest, but, on closer inspection,
the trees are losing a wood deal of their size and beauty, and the
Whole forest now assumes the appearance of a more or less dense
thicket of stunted trees and shrubs of a distinatly xerophytic
character. The herbaceous vegetation is very scanty; only in
Grevices, where some soil has accumulated, nature has sueceeded in
producing a few poor species belonging chiefly to the Graminea.,
Composite, Labia, and Legumninose.

tis evident that a dora with so few characteristic peculiarities
in ifs uspect and with none as regards its composition, being merely
4 repetition of the vegetation of the mainland, cannot give any ‘clue
as to the origin of the Rann. We ean casily explain how, under
vonditions similar to those of the present day, the whole flora of

Ww) i ViA n
a
os} if i eT] '
' ed 4) i bw 40 j
eer ' ii te
as a Nee faped iid by coves adi i‘.
: a vow’ a: o¢ weap in } |
i? oa it prubay «i it iit
; Mae Goo) oh 8 a of
—- : oe. | ; if) Atpeson hy ron
* am ee e) - a*4® V4 ni
- x 7 ,
ett, wy! (ym i oe a ; ia ty
—, ; aD on 6 ieee U4 | beg tae ates at B | ay oe
: t a i bane ase ny J Sen » mye npelt) aad ©
j is 7 f) ; ty A YT oe) wat ro | “ry. h ; -

i i ; el ih aed TR a i 4, :
=< : F 4 1p aaa aes ip ty rte iy be tN

} ~ : ae] 1 ia) tae v} may tei ry yal) aa rus Ata
a a 4 ef i Aiatigasery <) (ua Gs dati cy eee
; (at ‘in vO Vater OS er was, Wiong!s anil) © <sinA(e
si > © ph ® Geheree BAT les alla ia

Te ge! ES ke
: é a } py wert valeann, ww agi i dim

yo a ' i
. ', Peas nil wwe @ b OPeg ville," ig
: . a j Pie Tails ae divede* a ide
a = i ie ‘ty ACG mada opiny at «i on} tae fa
. - f) is ip Dignan yee fh (4d. See R pret

' om

of el Ue peepelh. Dilee dnt
at * Te | hia 'v Soih § a : Peni ae
. oye es y AN ace iuanet ope ar wibsioe cl bene df

. a (A: 1 uma head hae, Suita: tonsa We.)
a a) bit oo 4 legieiageee un poleye Pa A

Py ? ‘ ston ae pte | Warden Git alata
ek Ti chest i ie Sage ore oni 4 “ as
- a As - paotnlghel

ON a fC ute Utes Hite s
ae ' gh o( ee “This .
a “* Pi Va Me .

(eden % b
ae per -— i went

. *. oar. as

173 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol.

sham Island may have developed in the course of a few centurie
we have only to remember the different methods thai are emplo
by plants for the purpos lispersal. If this be once adinitte

MNT
3 51

NT
85 0