Ravn, Jesper Peter Johansen
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from north-east Greenland
MUSEUM DE MINERALOGIE ET DE HKOEoiJIK DE 1/LMYEI1SITE DE CUPEM L\( Km
COMMUNICATIOkS PALEONTOL&CIQU ES. N" 1 V
ON
JURASSIC AND CRETACEOUS FOSSILS
FROM
NORTH-EAST GREENLAND
BY
J. P.J. RAVN
WITH 7 PLATES
INTED PROM MEDDELELSER <)M GR0NLAND VOL. XL V (PAGES 133 -500)
COPENHAGEN PRINTED BY BIANCO 1. 1 NO
1911
ife
MUSEUM DE MINERALOGIE ET DE GEOLOGIE DE L'UNIVERSITE DE COPENHAGUE.
COMMUNICATIONS PALEONTOLOGIQU ES. N'lO.
ON
JURASSIC AND CRETACEOUS FOSSILS
FROM
NORTH-EAST GREENLAND
BY
J. P.J. RAVN
WITH 7 PLATES REPiUMTEB FROM ■MEDDELELSEB OM GR0NLAND. VOL. XI.V
■"t5f?J
COPENHAGEN
PRINTED BY BIANCO I. UNO
1911
10*6236
733 R3?
CONTENTS
page
I. Introduction 437
II. Earlier investigations 43H
III. The marine, mesozoic deposits investigated by the Danmark Expedition 440
1. Stratigraphical conditions 440
a. Callovian 44j
b. Sequanian-Kimmeridgian 442
c. Portlandian 445
d. Neocoinian 44(j
2. Palaeogeographical remarks 448
3. List of the fauna 451
IV. Description of the fossils 453
Literature 4y(;
I»dex 499
I. Introduction.
One of the results of the Danmark Expedition has been a very considerable and important extension of our knowledge with regard to the marine, Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits of East Greenland and thus of the Arctic zone as a whole. The Expedition brought home a very complete material of these deposits, from regions whose geological structure had hitherto been quite unknown or only very imperfectly studied. This material was intrusted to me for investiga- tion by the Committee for the Danmark Expedition, and as it proved to have come from deposits which were almost all younger than the Jurassic deposits investigated by the Danish expeditions of 1891 — 92 and 1909, in regions of East Greenland somewhat further south, and as no material for comparison existed in Copenhagen, the Committee voted me the necessary funds for a journey to Munich. Here Pro- fessor Rothpletz with the greatest willingness permitted me to use the rich collections of the Pakeontologieal Museum there for com- parison, and 1 would express my best thanks to him here for this permission. -- On the return journey from Munich I made a short stay at Gottingen , where the well-known expert on the Jurassic deposits of the Arctic regions, Professor Pompkckj, was so kind as to look through a part of my material, especially the Ammonites. For the suggestions and information Prof. Pompkckj gave me on this occasion I am extremely indebted to him. As, further, a number of species occurred in the material, which had earlier been described by Tullberg and Lundgren from the Jurassic deposits of Nova Zembla and Spitzbergen, I desired to compare my material with theirs and journeyed to Stockholm on my return from Germany. For the friendly permission given me there to make the comparison, it is a pleasant duty to lender my best thanks to Professor G. Holm, the Director of the Zoopalseontological Department of the Riksmuseum.
xi.v. sa
438 J P. J. Ravn.
II. Earlier investigations.
The Jurassic deposits in East Greenland were discovered for the first time by W. Scoresby (jun.) when he was exploring parts of Jameson's Land in 1822. He gives a brief description of the rocks found here (in Neill's Cliffs) and of the stratigraphical features, a de- scription that was supplemented by Jameson. Both of these observers, however, made the mistake of referring these deposits to the Car- boniferous system; later investigations have shown that they belong partly to the Rhaetic, partly to the Jurassic. On the Danish expedi- tion to East Greenland in 1891 — 92 E. Bay and N. E. K. Hartz were able to make more detailled investigations on Jameson's Land and brought home a very considerable material of fossils. The Rhaetic layers proved to contain only plant fossils, which were described by Hartz \ whilst the animal fossils of the upper layers were studied and described by B. Lundgren', who referred the fauna to the Cal- lovian period and states, that the Brachiopods and Bivalves give the fauna a middle -European character. The Cephalopods were un- fortunately so badly preserved, that no results could be obtained from them. Regarding this fauna Pompeckj8 states later, that it pos- sibly contains species from older zones, besides those of the Callovian. — Our knowledge of the Jurassic deposits of Jameson's Land was further extended by the Swedish expedition under the direction of A. G. Nathorst, which investigated the deposits occurring on the east side at Hurry's Inlet. Deposits were also found on the south- west side of Davy's Sound, which according to Nathorst must be referred to the Jurassic*. During a later Danish expedition to East Greenland (under the direction of Amdrup and Hartz) the Jurassic deposits on Jameson's Land were again examined in the year 1900. A large material of fossils was brought home, both from the coastal region and from the interior, among other things a quantity of Am- monites which O. Nordensk.jold and H. Deichmann had found in the interior of Jameson's Land. The material was examined and described by V. Madsen, who shows, that Jurassic deposits of different age
1 N. Hartz: Planteforsteninger fra Cap Stewart i 0stgranland , med en historisk
Oversigt. — Medd. om Gronland. 19. Hefte. Kbhvn. 1890. - B. Lundgken: Anmarkningar om nagra Jurafossil fran Kap Stewart i Ost-Gron-
land. — Medd. om Gronland. 19. Hefte. Kbhvn. 1895.
3 J. F. Pompeckj: The Jurassic Fauna of Cape Flora, Franz Josef Land, p. 137. — The Norwegian North Polar Expedition 1893-96. Scientific Results. Vol. I. London, Christiania etc. 1900.
4 A. G. Nathorst: Bidrag till nordostra Gronlands geologi, p. 298. — Geolog. For- eningens i Stockholm Forhandl. Bd. 23. Stockholm 1901.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 4)19
occur in this region l. The oldest of them must from their fauna he referred to the Dogger, the younger to the Lower Callovian and the youngest to the Lower Volgian (Middle Portlandian).
Jurassic deposits had already been found by that time, however, in the regions further north. On the second German North Pole Expedition (18(>9 — 70) investigations were made on Kuhn Island among others, and resulted according to Toula and Lenz8 in the discovery on the south coast of a brownish, fine-grained, calcareous sandstone, which contained (lakes of mica and enclosed coal-layers. In this sandstone were found a number of shells and imprints of various Bivalves. A coarse-grained, fossiliferous sandstone also oc- curred here. Tolla states, that these deposits probably belong to the middle Dogger. A light-gray, very calcareous marl and fine- grained, micaceous sandstone were found on the east side of the same island3. As these deposits contained Aucella and others, Tolla draws a parallel between them and the Aucella-hxyers in Russia (Younger Jurassic and Older Cretaceous). A. P. Pavlow has shown later, that the Aucellae to judge from Tolla's ligures would indicate the presence of the uppermost zone of the Lower Neocomian (and perhaps the Middle Neocomian)4. In addition to these Aucellae of the Cretaceous however, Toula also mentions, among others, Iielem- nites Panderianus d'Orb. from this locality. If this determination does not rest on a confusion with another species, then older layers must obviously also occur here, as this Belemnite is distributed in Russia from the zone with Quenstedtoceras Lamberti to the zone with Cxu- dioceras alternant.
The German expedition also found Jurassic deposits at another locality and that over a very extensive region, namely the whole of Hochstetter's Foreland from the south point up towards Cape Seebach. Owing to the very bad state of preservation of the fossils, however, these deposits were misinterpreted and referred — with some doubt — to the Tertiary system (Miocene). The deposits consist mainly of yellowish, in part brick -coloured, line-grained sandstone with
1 Victor Madsen: On Jurassic Fossils from East-Greenland. — Medd. om Gron-
land. 29. Hefte. Kjbhvn. 1904. -' Fiunz Toula: Allgemeine Uebersicht der geologischen lieschaffenheit Ostgron-
lands, p. 478. — Die zweite deutsche Nordpolarfahrt in den Jahren 1869 und
1870 outer Fuhrung des Kapitan Karl Koldewey. Bd. II. Leipzig 1874.
OSKAH Lenz: Specielle Darstellung der geologischen Verhaltnisse Ostgronhinds.
p. 506. Ibidem.
Toula: 1. c. p. 491.
Lknz : 1. c. p. 497.
' A. P. Pavlow: Enchainement des aucellea et aucellines du Cretace russe, p. so. Xouv. Mem. Societe imp. des naturalistes de Moscou. Tome 17, Livr. 1. Moscou 1907.
32 •
44(1 J. P. J IUvn.
numerous casts and imprints hardly determinable to genus and spe- cies, which were referred by Toula to the genera Lucina, Cijthereu and Venus K Th. Fdchs, who later undertook a renewed investigation of the material, added here two other genera, namely Astarle and Pecten3. He also came to the result, that the fauna might probably be Miocene. As we shall see later, this determination of the age is incorrect, as the Danmark Expedition discovered fossils in the yellowish, sometimes brick-red sandstone on Hochstetter's Foreland, which quite definitely belong to the youngest Jurassic (Malm).
The sedimentary deposits discovered by the 2nd German North Pole Expedition at Flache Bay were also referred by Toula and Li:\x to the Tertiary system. Nathohst, who also investigated this part of East Greenland on his 1899 expedition, expressed some doubts as to the correctness of this determination of the age;, various conditions seeming to him to suggest the Jurassic — at least for a portion of the sediments. Future investigations must decide this question.
I have thus given quite a brief summary of what has hitherto been known regarding the mesozoic deposits with marine fauna in East Greenland; in the sequel I shall discuss the results of my in- vestigation of the material brought home [by the Danmark Expedition from these deposits.
III. The marine, mesozoic deposits investigated by the Danmark Expedition.
1. Stratigraphical conditions.
As already mentioned above, the Danmark Expedition found Jurassic deposits on Hochstetter's Foreland, deposits that had hitherto been erroneously referred to the Tertiary system. The principal col- lections of mesozoic, marine fossils were made, however, on Store Koldewey Island; not only were fossiliferous Jurassic deposits of somewhat different age found there, but also — at one point — interesting Neocomian deposits with a fauna which is very nearly related to that on the east side of Kulm Island. Mesozoic fossils were also found further north, in the district round Danmarks Havn, but only in boulders. These boulders are referable partly to the youngest Jurassic, partly to the oldest Cretaceous.
1 Toula: 1. c, p. 477 and 495.
- Th. Fuc.hs: Ueber die wahrend der schwedischen geologischen Expedition nach Spitzbergen im Jahre 1882 gesammelten Tertiarconchylien , p. 5. — Bihang till K. Svenska Vet.-Akad.'s Handlingar, Bd. 8. Stockholm 1883.
:! Toula: 1. c, p. 477. Lknz: I. c., p. 486.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 441
Regarding the features of the deposits at the different localities I am only ahle to give a little information, for which my thanks are due to the geologist of the Expedition, Hakon Jarner. A more detailled description of these will he given later in the general part on the geology of North-East Greenland, which H. Jarner has under preparation.
The widest distribution is shown by the deposits mentioned on the east coast of Store Koldewey. The whole of the east coast of this island is formed, according to information from Jarner, of a plateau, which has a height of about 120 in. above the sea in the northern part of the island; towards the south the plateau sinks more and more. It is only in towards the middle of the island that we meet with the high hills of gneiss. Whether this plateau is an abrasion surface or has been formed in another way, I must leave uncertain. Uppermost we find Quaternary formations (moraine, JToWia-clays) and below these the solid rock, which in the middle of the island is formed of sandstone interrupted at a couple of places by gneiss, so that we have .'$ sandstone regions on the east coast, the northernmost being the largest and the middle one the smallest (see accompanying Chart, pi. XXXVIII). At the southernmost of the two gneiss points Jarner found the sandstone resting directly on the gneiss, and a few samples of the sandstone further north, which were brought home, contain pieces of gneiss. We- thus have here a case of transgression.
In the following the different, marine, mesozoic deposits from North-East Greenland will be discussed, beginning with the oldest and ending with the youngest.
a. Callovian. Deposits belonging to the Callovian were only found at one locality, namely, in the southernmost sandstone region on the east coast of Store Koldewey, down from "Triekpasset". A number of fossils were found here in a characteristic, brownish, fine-grained sandstone. The fossils were found mainly in pieces of sandstone which lay loose on the surface of the plateau, but the same sand- stone formed a solid layer underground. The accompanying list of the fauna (p. 4">1) will show the species and genera of the fossils from Ibis locality, which I have been able to determine. The principal are undoubtedly the .'5 Ammonite species; although they all 15 probably belong to new species, there seems hardly any doubt thai we have here a Callovian fauna, as they all appear to be most nearly related to Callovian species, and the other fossils do not seem in any way opposed to this determination of the age. It is interesting, that
442 J P- J- Havn-
representatives of the genera Cosmoceras and Kepplerites are found here for the first time in Arctic regions in Jurassic deposits; these give the fauna quite a characteristic appearance, recalling that of the West and Middle European Dogger. The genus Quenstedtoceras he- longs on the other hand to the most typical of the Russian Callovian; yet its presence in the North-East Greenland Jurassic is not by any means certain , as the only specimen available is too imperfect to make a determination of the genus quite safe.
h. Sequanian-Kimmeridgian.
Deposits belonging to this series have not hitherto been discovered in Greenland. It is certain, as we shall see later, that the sandstone deposits found by the 2nd German North Pole Expedition on Hoch- stetter's Foreland must he referred to these layers, but as mentioned above a great error was made in determining the age of these deposits owing to imperfect material, as they were believed to belong to the Tertiary system. This mistake is excusable, as the fossils (almost exclusively casts of Bivalves) are very badly preserved, so that it is only in the fewest cases that the genus can be determined. The Danmark Expedition, however, succeeded in finding Ammonites in these deposits and, fortunately, Ammonites which are so charac- teristic that they can he determined with complete certainty. Deposits of the same age with a much better preserved fauna were also found by the Danmark Expedition at different parts of Store Koldewey, on which the two northernmost sandstone regions seem to belong to the Sequanian-Kimmeridgian. The different localities where deposits of this age have been found, may be quite briefly mentioned.
1. "Kloft I". This locality lies near the north end of the northern sandstone region on the east side of Store Koldewey. There is here a narrow ravine with steep walls. The north side of the ravine is covered by great masses of snow, which seem never to melt, whereas the south side, at least in summer, is free of snow. The wall of the ravine here is formed of sandstone layers, which lie approximately horizontal and are covered by moraine deposits. The sandstone is gray in colour, calcareous and contains a good deal of mica. It encloses the remains of a very rich fauna, unfortunately too often in a bad state of preservation. As is shown by the fauna list, 33 species are known from here, most of which however say nothing definite with regard to the age of the deposits. This applies especially to the numerous Lamellibranchs, which belong for the most part to species of little characterized form and appearance. Fortunately, however, we also find here 3 species of the genus Aucello, namely A. kirghisensis, A. lironni and A. Sinzovi. The presence
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 44li
of these 3 species alone shows, that we have here deposits which must he of the same age as the Alternans-strata in the Russian Jurassic and thus belong to the Sequanian - Kiinmeridgian. This determination of the age is fully confirmed by the Cephalopods, which are found together with the Aucellue. Thus, we very frequently find Cardioceras alternans, the species which has given the Alternans- strata their name. Of doubtful occurrence, on the other hand, is C. Nathorsti, a species nearly related to C. alternans and described from deposits on Spitzbergen, which according to Pompeckj' belong to the Sequanian-Kimmeridgian. Belemnites have also been found in "Kloft I", namely B. Panderianns and Ii. bretria.vis. Both point in the same direction with regard to the age of the deposits, even though both are also said to occur in layers which are somewhat older than the Alternans-strata.
2. "Kloft II". Close to the south of "Kloft I" lies a second ravine of similar appearance and with quite similar sandstone. .Jak- m:h did not succeed in following the separate beds from the one ravine to the other; the layers show a tendency to thin out at the end and thus cannot be followed for any long distance. The sand- stone in "Kloft II" contained portions with a very light colour and very glassy surfaces of fracture; the binding material between the sand-grains is formed here of large anhedra of calcite. It is probably some form of concretion. At this locality also a number of fossils, some of which occurred in "Kloft I", were found; for example, Aucella Bronni and A. Sinzoni. Further, we have Macrodon Keyser- lingi from this locality, a species found in Europe in deposits that extend in age from the Middle Calloviah to the Sequanian. Greater weight must be ascribed, however, to the occurrence of Cardioceras Nathorsti. It appears from the fauna, that the sandstone in "Kloft II" is almost of the same age as that in "Kloft I". Yet the faunas are somewhat different in the two ravines, as will be seen from the fauna list. Thus, in "Kloft II" we have such characteristic forms as Tancredia Jarneri and a large Pecten, which in the sequel is described as P. cfr. validus. The sandstone in "Kloft II" is possibly a little younger than in "Kloft I", though it still belongs to the Sequanian- Kimmeridgian.
15. "4. Saenkning". This locality lies much farther to the south that the two mentioned above, but it still belongs to the northernmost of the M sandstone regions on the east side of Store Koldewey. The sandstone has here a similar appearance as at the
1 See A. G. Nathohst : Eine vorlautige Mitteilung von Prof. J. F. Pompeckj fiber die Altersfrage der Juraablagerungen Spitzbergens, p. 1503, Geol. Foren. i
Stockholm Forliandl. Vol. X2. Stockholm 1910.
444 ■!• P- J- Bavn.
other two localities. Where the Mollusc shells are preserved, they seem on the whole somewhat more ruhhed, hut this probably arises from the fact, that all the fossils found here were taken in loose- lying stones, of the same nature, however, as the sandstone mass. The fauna from this locality is fairly rich, containing at least 2(> spe- cies. Here again we have Ancella Bronni and A. Sinzovi, as also Cardioceras alternans and possibly C. Nathorsti. The discovery of these fossils marks this locality as also belonging to the age of the Sequanian-Kimmeridgian. The other species (mainly Bivalves and Gastropods) do not require to he mentioned in detail; but the oc- currence of numerous Tancredia , Cgprina (Cijprimeria?) and Astarte species may be specially noticed.
In the northernmost of the 3 sandstone regions on Store Kolde- wey Island fossils are only known from the 3 localities mentioned above. The fauna shows, that the sandstone must be approximately of the same age at all 3 localities; it thus seems to form a con- tinuous whole. Somewhat to the south of the southernmost of the localities, "4. Ssenkning", the sandstone comes to an end and the gneiss reaches right out to the coast, forming here the northern Gneiss Naze. A little further to the south the gneiss is again replaced by the sandstone for a short distance, until the gneiss reappears once more in the southern Gneiss Naze. The sandstone of this region has the same appearance as in the northern region. On the boundary of the region towards the southern Gneiss Naze, Jarneb found the sandstone lying directly over the gneiss. Of the fossils from here only Macrodon Xhjlii and M. Hagenii unfortunately are known, both of them new species which give no information regarding the age of the sandstone. We can hardly go wrong in concluding, however, that this sandstone must also be referred to the Sequanian-Kimme- ridgian. South of the southern Gneiss Naze we have the southern- most sandstone region. As already mentioned above, the sandstone here has a different character and its fauna shows, that it belongs to the Gallovian.
4. Hochstetter's Foreland. I have already mentioned, that the 2nd German North Pole Expedition found here extensive deposits of a yellowish, sometimes brick-red sandstone, which contained numerous, unfortunately badly preserved fossils, from which Toui.a and Fuchs were of opinion, that these deposits belonged to the Tertiary. The fossils brought home by the Danmark Expedition from this sand- stone show, however, that we have to do with Jurassic deposits. We have first and foremost the occurrence of Cardioceras alternans, by which the age of the sandstone is determined to the Sequanian- Kimmeridgian. Of other fossils (see fauna list) may be noticed
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 44")
Pecten Broenlundi and Tancredia Jarueri; both of these species as well as the other species determinable with a lair amount of certainty are known from the northernmost sandstone region on Store Kolde- wey. There can thus he no doubt, that the yellow and red sand- stones on Hochstetter's Foreland and the gray sandstone farthest lo the north on Store Koldewey belong to the same age.
c. Portlandian.
In the district round Danmarks Havn, especially in the pass (Vester- dalen) which separates the so-called Harefjseld from the remaining part of the district, a number of sedimentary boulders were found which must have been brought down by the land-ice at a time, when the latter had a much greater extension than it has now. Where these boulders come from, is not known, as no trace what- soever of fixed sedimentary masses has been found in the immediate neighbourhood. They have presumably been brought down from the north, as the ice seems to have come from this quarter, and it is possible, that a portion of them has come from the sedimentary deposits at Jokel Bay, which contain a quantity of badly preserved fossil plants, whose age still remains undecided. The boulders proved to be very different, both as regards their petrographic character and their fossil contents; we can distinguish between sandstones containing mainly Portlandian fossils and calcareous concretions with the remains of a Xeocom fauna. The former greatly resemble in appearance the sandstone from the northernmost of the 3 sandstone regions on Store Koldewey Island, as they are gray in colour and contain a quantity of calcium-carbonate and numerous Hakes of mica. But the fauna is quite different. As the fauna list shows, Dentaliam nodulosum is the only species, which is common to these boulders and the Alternans-strata on Store Koldewey. Of much more im- portance, however, is the occurrence of Aucella tenuistriata Lah. and A. mosqaensis v. Bic.n, the first of which goes from the Sequanian lo the Lower Portland, whilst the last-mentioned may well be considered as a species characteristic of the Portland. In any case a portion of tbese boulders must therefore be referred to the Portlandian. Bui we also find here a by no means small number of specimens of an Aucella, which seems to be very nearly related to A. reticulata, a species found on Spitzbergen in deposits, which according lo Pom- PECKJ must be referred to the Sequanian-Kimmeridgian, thus in layers which are of the same age as the Alternans-strata on Store Koldewey and on Hochstetter's Foreland. It is probable, therefore, that a por- tion of the boulders mentioned come from Alternans-strata, which
44(5 J- P- J- Ravs.
have perhaps been quite removed by an earlier land-ice with greater extension that the present.
d. Neocomian.
1. In addition to the boulders of sandstone just mentioned, boulders of quite a different character were also found in the district round Dan marks Havn, namely, calcareous concretions. These boulders seem to be comparatively rare, only 4 being found. They consist of a coal-black , clayey limestone with few flakes of mica. Their origin is unknown; it is possible perhaps, that they may have come from some sediments, which occur farther north at .l0kel Bay and consist mainly of black, slaty clay; but this is very doubtful, as such concretions — so far as I am aware — have not been found in these sediments. One of the concretions contained only an Am- monite, Lijtoceras polare n. sp., whilst two others were very rich in fossils, which however could only be prepared with great difficulty. The most common forms are Garnieria pnsilla n. sp. and two species of Aporrhais. From the occurrence of a representative of the genus
O O CD X0::;p;o-'o c;^'/;.;'.;.';:\'v:-X:':;;' Gneiss Ac Gc Sa
Fig. 1. Diagrammatic sketch of "Aucellabjerget" (H. Jhuhb). Ac. = "Aucella-conglomerate". Gc. = "Gneiss-conglomerate". Sa. = Sandstone.
Garnieria we may perhaps conclude, that these concretions come from deposits belonging to the Neocomian. Some young specimens of an Aucella found in these concretions seem to point in the same direc- tion. These cannot be determined as to species, it is true, but so much seems certain, that they belong lo a Neocomian type.
2. "Aucellabjerget". This locality lies at the south end of the southernmost of the sandstone regions on the east side of Store Koldewey Island. On a short stretch here Jarner found conglomerates of a very characteristic appearance. Both towards the north and the south the boundary of the conglomerates was fairly indistinct. Farthest to the north (thus nearest the sandstone) the conglomerate consisted of fragments of gneiss, between which a reddish limestone has been deposited. Further to the south the gneiss fragments be- came larger, from the size of a list to thai of the head; their inter- spaces were lilled with a reddish sandstone , which macroscopically
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 447
at any rate greatly resembled the sandstone found down from "Tnek- passet" and mentioned above (p. 441). This conglomerate is called "gneiss-conglomerate" in the sequel. After this followed a conglome- rate of quite a different appearance. It consisted likewise of gneiss boulders, often larger than a man; the interspaces were here filled with a light-yellow or reddish-brown limestone, which was formed to a very great extent of shells of Aucellae; the reddish sandstone was likewise found in this conglomerate. In the following this con- glomerate is called the "Aucella-conglomerate". Towards the south the conglomerate was bounded by gneiss. The two conglomerates mentioned were very different in appearance, when seen from a distance, but near at hand they seemed to grade into one another. In the section the boundary line between them formed an angle of ca. 4o° with the horizontal line, the "gneiss [conglomerate" being partly covered over by the "Aucella-conglomerate". The strike and dip of the boundary plane could not be determined.
No fossils were found in the "gneiss-conglomerate". On the other hand, fossils were very abundant in the "Aucella-conglomerate", as the limestone between the gneiss blocks was formed almost ex- clusively of shells of Aacella concentrica, A. crassicollis and A. pirifor- mis, which evidently occur here in enormous quantities. These 3 species, according to Pavlow, are characteristic of the zone with Polgptychites polyptychus, and the "Aucella-conglomerate" tluis belongs to the Neocomian.
How are we to explain this section'? The most natural view seems to me the following. The gneiss-conglomerate belongs to the sandstone and indicates the transgression of the latter over the gneiss. That this seems to be the explanation would appear from the facts, (1) that there is no distinct boundary between the sandstone and conglomerate; (2) that the size of the gneiss fragments increases towards the south (thus in the direction away from the sandstone); and (.'{), that the interspaces between the gneiss fragments are filled with a sandstone, which macroscopically at least resembles the sand- stone farther north. As the latter belongs to the Callovian, we thus find here a transgression of Callovian age. Unfortunately, no trace of fossils could be found in this conglomerate, from which ils age might have been determined.
The Aucella-conglomerate is much younger than the gneiss-con- glomerate, as it certainly belongs to the Neocomian, as mentioned above; it also has quite a different character. Like the gneiss-con- glomerate it consists for a very great part of gneiss fragments, it is true, but the interspaces between these are filled with Aucella shells. Here also the reddish sandstone occurs, but — I expect — only as
448 J- I5- J- Ravn.
fragments. This is undoubted evidence of a transgression of the Neocomian Sea. It is somewhat difficult to decide, on which deposits this Sea at that place has exercised its destructive action. Perhaps it has been both the gneiss and a Callovian sandstone, but it seems to me more probable, that it has just been the gneiss-conglomerate, which has been at that time exposed to erosion. Both the gneiss and sandstone fragments may have come from this. And just the fact, that the gneiss fragments in the Aucella-conglomerate reached a larger size than in the gneiss conglomerate, seems to me to point in favour of the same thing and in the gneiss conglomerate these fragments were larger towards the south in the direction of the Aucella conglomerate.
2. Palaeogeographical remarks.
Deposits belonging to the Callovian were only found at one locality by the Danmark Expedition, namely on the east coast of Store Koldewey Island down from "Trsekpasset". Unfortunately, only a small number of fossils were found here. Of the 8 species which could be determined, at least the half seem to be undescribed, and not one of them is known from the deposits of the same age on Jameson's Land. This is very remarkable, but it is doubtful if we are entitled to draw conclusions from it with regard to the distribu- tion of sea and land in these regions in the Callovian period. To judge from the fauna, however, so much seems certain, that a con- nection has existed at that time ("Shetland Strait", Neumayr) between the "Arctic" Sea as it was then and the Sea which at that time covered parts of West and Middle Europe. The existence of this connection has already been suggested by other observers.
Whilst the fauna in the North-East Greenland Callovian thus clearly points towards the south, to West and Middle Europe, the fauna in the Sequanian-Kimmeridgian seems just as distinctly to point towards the east and south-east, to Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla and the Russian Jurassic. The agreement with the fauna in the Alternans-deposits of these countries is so great, that there can be no doubt, that a wide sea has extended in the Sequanian-Kimmerid- gian period from Central and North Russia up over Nova Zembla and Spitzbergen to the coast of North-East Greenland. All the :\ Aucella species found in the Alternans-deposits in North-East Green- land (A. kirghisensis , A. Iironni and A. Sinzovi) have undoubtedly come from the east and south-east and the same is the case with all the Cephalopods (Cardioceras altemans and C. Nathorsti, as also Belemnites Panderianus and B. breviaxis). A number of the other species point also in the same direction , whilst others seem to in-
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 449
dicate a connection with the English and Middle European Jurassic. These last are, however, all more or less indifferent forms (species of the genera Tancredia, Astarte , Chenmitzia) , on whose occurrence we can scarcely lay very much weight; to my mind they are unable to prove the existence of a "Shetland Strait" at that time. If such had existed, the Cephalopod fauna, for example, would also have contained West and Middle European forms as well as the Russian- Arctic. That hitherto unknown forms occur as well as earlier known and described species, is not so surprising, as we are here dealing with a region which is far removed from all the others, where deposits of this time have been found.
As mentioned, the Alternans-strala have been found at two places, on Store Koldewey Island and on Hochstetter's Foreland. Some samples of the sandstone from Store Koldewey contain pieces of gneiss, which shows, that the Sequanian-Kimmeridgian Sea has extended in over a gneiss region. A direct deposition of sandstone on gneiss has been observed by Jarneb only in the middle sandstone region, which as already mentioned also belongs to the Alternans- strata in all probability. The conditions on Hochstetter's Foreland are not known with certainty. There is some reason to believe, however, that the sandstone here also rests on gneiss, as the sand- stone region — so far as known — borders directly on the gneiss and we do not know of any dislocations between sandstone and gneiss.
The next stage represented in the material brought home by the Danmark Expedition, is the Portlandian. This stage was only found, however, as boulders in the surroundings of Danmarks Havn. These boulders probably come from deposits, which are of the same age as the sandstone at the Aucella River on Jameson's Land, which is referred by V. Madsk.n to Middle Portlandian. The discovery of Aucella tenuistriata in the boulders, however, indicates Lower Port- landian, so that both the Lower and Middle Portlandian are possibly represented.
Along with these boulders, as already mentioned, 4 boulders of quite a different character and fauna were found, namely, black cal- careous concretions with a species of the genus Garnieria, which shows that these belong to the Neocomian. These concretions probably come from deposits which were laid down in much deeper water than all the Jurassic sediments mentioned in the foregoing. In this also they form a contrast to the other Neocomian deposits known from North-East Greenland, namely, the "Aucella-conglonu - rate" from Aucellabjerget on the east coast of Store Koldewey Is- land, which must he considered as a pure strand-formation. The
450
J. P. J. EUvn.
Neocomian beds discovered by tbe 2nd German North Pole Expedi- tion on the east side of Kuhn's Island must also be regarded as deposits from shallow water. As already indicated above, the con- ditions at Aucellabjerget show, that we have here a Neocomian transgression, and it appears distinctly from the fauna, that this overflowing sea must have been in communication with the Russian Neocomian Sea.
A tabular summary is given below of all the known, mesozoic deposits on the east coast of Greenland, the age of which has been determined. As will be seen, there are still various lacunae to fill up and questions to solve, even though it may be said, that the Danmark Expedition has made considerable contributions to our knowledge of the mesozoic formations on this portion of the globe.
Neocomian
Boulders at Danmarks Havn. East coast of Kuhn's Island. Aucellabjerget on Store Koldewey Island.
Middle Portlandian / Boulders at Danmarks Havn. (& Lower Portl.) \ Micella River on Jameson's Land.
( "Kloft I", "Kloft II" and "4. Ssenkning" on Sequanian- Store Koldewev ls]and.
Kimmendgian TI , ,,.*,,
\ Hochstetters roreland.
Callovian
Down from 'Trajkpasset" on Store Koldewey
Island. ? South coast of Kuhn's Island. Cape Stewart |
Dinosaurus River > Jameson's Land. Ammonite Mountain J
"Vardekloft" on Jameson's Land.
Lower Bathonian or \ Upper Bajocian /
Mount Nathorst on Jameson's Land.
Rhaetian-Liassic .... Deposits with plants at Cape Stewart.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland.
3. List of the fauna.
451
|
• |
a s | > |
•a I S? V c CS 3= |
a > 33 u s 1 « a |
e 3 |
s 3 |
on a q M & Ui |
V i o "35 § a "=e a o — fi ■X - 9 |
§ E gs o a - |
I 6 la' ■ o 3 < |
t o t- •r. '■— V ii C — |
|
+ + + + + |
+ + |
+ + + + |
+ + |
+ + + + |
||||||
|
(i. Oxijtoma inaequivalvis Sow., var. macro- 7. Oxytoma inaequinalnis Sow., var. Munsteri |
+ + |
+ |
+ |
•■ |
||||||
|
11. — Sinzovi Pavl |
||||||||||
|
+ |
||||||||||
|
+ |
+ |
+ + 1 + + |
+ + |
+ + |
||||||
|
23. Pecten ( Entolium) demissus Hkan 26. — (Camptonectes) Broenlundi n. sp. . . 1 27. - sp 28. — — sp |
+ + + |
+ + + + + + + |
+ + + |
1 + + |
||||||
|
81. — sp |
_l_ |
|||||||||
|
38. Yoldia sp 35. — Schouroiyskii Rouil. sp 37. — Haqenii a. sp |
+ |
|||||||||
452
1. P. J. Ravn.
M -r
I
-
■ O
* a
Q
o-
42. Tancredia curtansata Phill. sp
43. — planata Morr. & Lyc
44. — axiniformis Phill. sp
4f>. Jarneri n. sp
46. Lucina substriata Roem. ?
47. Protocardia sp
48. Cyprina cfr. mosquensis d'Orb
4i). — Sharoschovensis Roiu.
50. — Syssollae Keys
51. — cfr. inconspicua Lindstr
52. — Panderi Rolil. sp. ?
.">:!. Pleuromya peregrina d'Orb. sp
54. Goniomya sp
55. Dentalium nodulosum LONDOR
56. Amberlei/a groenlandica n. sp
57. Jasicofiana d'Orr. sp.?
58. Natica sp
59. Turritella sp
60. Chemnitzia undulata Tullb. sp
61. hamptonensis Morr. & Lyc. .
62. Aporrhais sp
63. sp
64. Lytoceras polare n. sp
65. Cardioceras alternans v. ISuch
66. — Nathorsti Lundgr. sp
67. sp
68. Quenstedtoceras ('!) sp
69. Cosmoceras boreale n. sp
70. Kepplerites Tychonis n. sp
71. Aulacostephanus (?) groenlandicus a. sp.
72. Garnieria pusilla n. sp
73. Belemnites Panderianus d'Orb
74. — breoiaxis Pavl.
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + + + 1 ■• +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+ +
+
+
+
+
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 45.'5
IV. Description of the fossils.
1. Pentagonaster (?) sp.
A single marginal plate of an Asteroid, which seems to belong to the genus Pentagonaster Linch, was found in one of the free-lying stones at "4. Samkning" on Store Koldewey Island. The material is too imperfect for a closer determination.
2. Serpula cf. convoluta Goi.dfuss. 1831. Serpula convoluta Goi.di rss, Petref. Germ., Vol. I, p. 228; PI. G7, fig. 14.
Cylindrical, thick-walled, spirally twisted tube with transverse wrinkles on surface; only the older whorls attached to the under- stratum.
Of the two available specimens, one is twisted to the right, the other to the left. They are distinguished from Goldpuss' species, which was found in the Dogger, by the absence of a sharply marked spiral ridge; further, they seem to be considerably thicker in the shell, so that they possibly cannot be referred to this species, with which however they show fairly great agreement.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: Store Koldewey Island, lying loose on the tenting ground, 2 — (5. June 1907 (1 spec); Store Koldewey Island, exact locality not stated (1 spec).
'■A. Serpula sp.
Attached to a specimen of Amberleija groenlandica n. sp. in a loose-lying stone, from the locality down from "Tnekpasset" on Store Koldewey Island, was the hind part of a Serpula tube triangular in section. Closer determination was impossible.
4. Rhynchonella sp.
Two valves belonging to one or other species of the genus Rhynchonella are so defective, that even an approximately certain determination of the species is impossible. They have few, but well- marked radial folds and a narrow and deep sinus. Both were found at "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island.
5. Terebratula sp.
Some specimens of a fairly large Terebratula species could un- fortunately not be prepared entirely free from the rock, so that the species could not be determined. They all come from "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island.
xi-v. 33
4o4 •'• P- J- Ravn.
(5. Oxytoma inaequivalvis SOWERBY, var. macroptera ROEMER.
PI. XXXII, fig. 1.
1835. Avicula macroptera F. A. Roemer, Verstein. d. norddeutsch. Oolithen Gebirges,
p. 86; PI. 4, fig. 5. 1902. Oxytoma inaequivalve Sow., var. macroptera Roem. ; L. Waagen, Der Kormen-
kreis des Oxijt. inaequiv. Sowekby, p. 14; PI. 1. figs. 7 and 14.
Only the mould of the hindmost part of a left valve.
The shell strongly arched with up to 10 rounded, primary radial ribs, with intermediate secondary rihs, which reach the same size as the primary a little below the beak. Further, on the younger parts of the shell finer tertiary ribs and on the very youngest a further system of quite line ribs, all in perfectly regular series. On the very hindmost part of the valve only uniform, fairly fine ribs, a sculpture repeated on the large, deeply emarginated wing which is not sharply marked off from the rest of the valve.
The available specimen must undoubtedly be referred to 0. inae- quivalvis Sow. in spite of its incompleteness, and according to Waa- GEN's description and figures it seems quite clearly to belong to his var. macroptera Roem.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: Down from "Tradtpasset" on Store Koldewey Island, in a loose-lying stone, 50 m. above the sea.
North Germany: in the Hils deposits.
7. Oxytoma inaequivalvis SOWERBY, var. Miinsteri BrONN.
1829. Avicula Miinsteri Bronx in Leonhard: Zeitschr. f. Mineralogie, 1829, p. 76.
1836. — — — ; Goldfuss, Petref. Germ., Vol. II: p. 131; PI. 118, fig. 2. 1902. Oxytoma inaequivalve Sow., var. Miinsteri Uronn; Waagen, Der Formenkreis
des Oxyt. inaequiv. Sowerby, p. 13; PI. 1, figs. 9 and 11.
For the remaining synonymy reference may be made to the above-cited work of Waagkn.
A few left valves of this variety are present, unfortunately so badly preserved that a complete description cannot be given.
The valve very oblique, strongly arched, covered with a large number of radial ribs of almost the same size. The posterior wing large, distinctly marked off from the rest of the valve.
Distribution. North -East Greenland: North side of Vester- dalen at Danmarks Havn (1 spec); south side of Vesterdalen (2 spec).
Europe: in Liassic — Malm (cf. Waagen, 1. c).
(S. Pseudomonotis (?) sp. A single valve found in a boulder on the south side of Vester- dalen at Danmarks Havn, which seems to belong to one or other species of the genus Pseudomonotis.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-Kast Greenland. 455
The valve almost symmetrical and somewhat arched. Its surface covered with numerous radial ribs, which seem to vary somewhat in size and have possibly home small, short spines or teeth.
In other boulders from Vesterdalen are some fragments of valves, of which only the inner side can he seen; these have also had ribs, alternately finer and coarser. How far these valves belong to the same species as the above, cannot be determined.
9. Aucella kirghisensis SokOLOW.
PI. XXXII, fig. 2.
1903. Aucella kirghisensis Sokoi.ow, Aucellen aus Ost-Russland, p. 374; PI, 14, figs. l-.">.
1907. — — — ; Pavlow, Enchainement etc., p. IS; PI. 2, figs.
18-19.
1908. — — — ; Sokolow, Aucellen voin Timan und von Spitz-
bergen, p. 10; PI. 1, figs. 12-14.
Some fairly perfect casts agree exceedingly well with the above- cited descriptions and figures.
The form of the shell oblong-oval, somewhat oblique. The left valve strongly inflated, right valve somewhat less so. The beak comparatively little prominent. Ear indistinct. Surface of the casts covered with little prominent, concentric lines of growth and still more indistinct radial ribs.
The length : of the left valve figured is ca. 22 mm, its breadth ca. 1(5 mm and its thickness 6 mm; the angle at the beak is ca. 95°.
Distribution. North-Kast Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Kol- diwey Island (5 spec).
Russia: in deposits with Caidiocerus alternam.
10. Aucella Bronni Lahusen. PI. XXXII, fig. 5.
1888. Aucella Bronni Rorn.L. ; Lahuskx, Ueber die russischen Aucellen, p. 32: PI. I,
figs. 1—7. 1901. — — — ; Pompeckj, Aucellen im Frankischen Jura, p. 24;
PI. 4, fig. 4. 1907. — — Lahus.; Pavlow, Enchainement etc., p. 14; PI. 1, fig. 31.
The left valve oblong-oval, very oblique, somewhat strongly arched, flatter towards the posterior margin. The beak comparatively small and little prominent, curved inwards. The anterior margin and ventral margin forming a flat curve; the posterior margin slightly concave, almost straight. Surface of the cast covered with numerous, distinct, concentric folds and with numerous, fine, less distinct radial
1 The method used in measuring this and the following Aucella species is that of Pavlow (1. C, p. 10— 11).
33*
asjr J. P. J. Raw.
lines. — The right valve somewhat less arched, but otherwise in the main with the same circumference and the same sculpture.
A left valve has the following dimensions: length 41 mm, breadth 2(5 mm and thickness ca. 9 mm; the angle at the beak 70°. — The largest specimen has a length of 59 mm.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: "Kloft I" (1 spec), "Kloft II" (at least 4 spec.) and in loose-lying stone at "4. Sa-nkning" (1 spec.) on Store Koldewey Island.
Russia: in deposits with Cardioceras alternans.
Germany: in Kimmeridgian deposits in Franconia.
Mexico: ?
11. Aucella Sinzovi A. P. Pavlow.
PI. XXXII, fig. 3.
1881. Aucella mosqnensis Tullbbrg, Verst. Aucellen-Schichten Novaja-Semljas. p. 22;
PI. 2, figs. 16-18. 1907. — Sinzovi Pavlow, Enchainement etc., p. 17; PI. I, fig. 12.
A number of more or less perfect casts of an Aucella must cer- tainly be referred to this species.
The shell very oblique, oblong-oval. The left valve fairly strongly arched. The beak on both valves small, little prominent and curved inwards. The surface with irregular interspaces covered with stronger and fainter, concentric folds, and with more regular, distinct, some- what undulating radial striae.
Left valve: length 21 mm, breadth 14o mm and thickness 8-5 mm; angle at the beak ca. 95°.
The available specimens agree well with Tlllberg's original specimens, which I have seen in the Riksmuseum in Stockholm. They likewise seem to be in perfect agreement with Pavi.ow's descrip- tion and figures of specimens from Khanski.
A single right valve resembles greatly in form A. solodnrensis de Lor., but is probably nothing else but a compressed (and thus probably very broad) valve of the species above.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: "Kloft I" (7 spec), "Kloft II" (3 spec.) and in free-lying stones at "4. Sienkning" (5 spec.) on Store Koldewey Island.
Nova Zembla: in deposits with Cardioceras alternans.
Russia: in deposits with A. Bronni.
12. Aucella cf. reticulata LuNDGREN.
PI. XXXII, fig. 4.
1883. Aucella reticulata Lundgren, Jura- und Trias-Fossilien von Spitzbergen, p. Hi:
PI. I, figs. (>-7. 1907. — — — ; Pavlow, Enchainement etc., p. 18.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 457
Some specimens of an Ancella seem — to judge especially from their characteristic sculpture — to be nearly related to .4. reticulata. A cast with a small portion of the shell preserved forms the basis of the following description.
Circumference short-oval. Left valve strongly arched; beak strongly bent backwards; anterior margin forming an even curve with the ventral margin; posterior margin long and straight, meeting the very convex ventral margin in a sharp bend. Right valve only slightly arched, most strongly in the direction from the front to the hind margin. Both valves covered with very prominent, concentric lines, crossed by equally strong radial lines; no distinct knots at the points of crossing.
Left valve: length ca. 21 mm, breadth 19 mm and thickness 7 mm ; angle at the beak ca. 80°.
In the Riksmuseum of Stockholm I have compared the available specimens with Luxdgrkx's originals, from which they differ in two points, their length is not so great and the left valves are consid- erably more arched. As Lundghen noted, his original specimens were compressed, so that the disagreement in form is possibly only apparent.
A. reticulata is stated by Lundgren to have been found on Spitz- bergen along with A. radiata and A. spitzberaeusis (= A. Bronni ?).
Distribution. North-East Greenland: in boulders on the south side of Vesterdalen at Danmarks Havn (4 spec, 2 of them connected). In boulders at Danmarks Havn ((5 spec).
13. Aucella mosquensis v. Buch sp. (non KEYSERLING, non Lahusen).
PI. XXXII, fig. 6.
1844. Aoicula mosquensis v. Buch, Neue Verst. aus Moskau, p. 537; PL (>, fig. 1. 1846. Aucella Pallasii Kkyserung, Petschora-Land, p. '299; PI. 16, figs. 1—6. 1848. Buchia — ; Rouillier, Etudes progr. Geol. Moscou, II, p. 272;
PI. D (Bull. Soc. naturalistes Moscou 1846), fig. 3. 1866. Aucella mosquensis v. Buch var. ; Eindstrom, Trias- och Juraforsteningar fran
Spetsbergen, p. 14; PI. 3, fig. 3. 1888. — Pallasii Keys.; Lahusen, Ueber die russischen Aucellen, p. 34; PI. 1,
figs. 12- 20. 1904. — — — ; Madsen, Jurassic Fossils from East-Greenland, p. 178;
PI. 6, fig. 7. 1907. — mosquensis Buch (non Keys., non Eahus.); Pavlovv, Enchaiiiement etc.,
p. 22; PL 2, figs. 5-8.
Of this species only the casts of a couple of left valves were found.
The left valve with ovoid circumference, somewhat strongly arched, very oblique. The umbo inclined backward and at the same time far over the right valve; its outermost point bent a little for-
458 •'• P- •!• Ravn.
ward. Front margin of the valve very steep, the hind margin very llatly curved. Surface of the cast covered with fairly prominent, concentric folds ; no trace of radial sculpture.
Left valve: length 30mm, breadth 20 mm and thickness 8*5 mm. Angle at the beak ca. (55°.
Casts of two small (7 — 8 mm long) left valves of an Aucella were found at "Kloft II" on Store Koldewey Island; in these the umbo is pointed and inclined strongly inwards; the surface only has fairly well-marked, concentric folds. These are possibly young specimens of the above species.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: in boulders near Hare- fjaeld at Danmarks Havn (2 spec). "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey (2 spec.?).
East Greenland: in Middle Portlandian at Aucella River on Jameson's Land.
Spitzbergen: in Portlandian.
King Charles Land: Kimmeridgian — Portlandian.
Russia: Portlandian.
England: Portlandian.
Alaska: Lower Portlandian.
Mexico: Pavlow notes the species from here with some re- servation.
14. Aucella tenuistriata Lahusen. PI. XXXII, fig. 7.
1846. Aucella Pallasii var. polita Keyserling, Petschora-Land, p. 299; PI. 16, fig. 7.
1888. — — Keys. var. tenuistriala Lahusen, Ueber die russischen Aucellen,
p. 34; PI. 1, figs. 25-27.
1901. _ — — - — ; Pompeckj, Aucellen im Kran-
kischen Jura, p. 25; PI. 4, figs. 5—6.
1907. — tenuistriata Lahus. var.; Pavi.ow, Enchainement etc., p. 33.
■The left valve obliquely pyriform, fairly strongly arched, very oblique; umbo benl strongly backwards, concave in front, fairly Hat above; the anterior and ventral margins together forming almost a semicircle; posterior margin somewhat concave. Surface of the cast covered with fine, concentric lines and of still finer radial striae, almost as in A. Bronni.
Left valve: length 30 mm, breadth 19 mm and thickness ca. (5 mm; angle at the umbo ca. 75°.
Along with this left valve was also a badly preserved right valve; it is almost completely flat and has the same sculpture as the left valve.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: in boulders on the
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 4f>9
south side of Vesterdalen at Dan marks Havn (3 left valves and (?) 1 right valve).
Russia: Alternans deposits — Lower Portland.
Mexico:?
1"). Aucella crassicollis KEYSERLING. PI. XXXII, fig. 8.
184(i. Aucella crassicollis Kkyseri.ing, Petschora-Land, p. 300; PI. 10, figs. 9 — 12. 1874. — concentrica var. rugosa Keys.; Toui.a (pars), Kuhn-Insel, p. 503; PI. 2,
fig. 3. 1888. — crassicollis Keys.; Lahusen, Ueber die russischen Aucellen, p. 42; PI. 5,
figs. 9-13. 1895. — — ; Stanton, Knoxville beds, p. 45; PI. 5, fig. 8 and PI. (i,
figs. 3—5. 1907. — — ; Pavlow, Enchainement etc., p. 02; PI. 5, fig. 10.
Lett valve almost equilateral , usually however obliquely triangular, very high and strongly inflated, from about the middle narrowing very rapidly up towards the umbo; the uppermost half of the valve thus narrow and elongated; beak inclined somewhat forwards and strongly inwards. On the surface of the cast sometimes a single, very deep, concentric furrow; further, rather faint traces of concentric folds. — Along with the left valves some fragments of fairly Hat, almost completely smooth right valves were found, which probably also belong to this species.
None of the specimens are so complete, that measurements can he given.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: in reddish brown lime- stone in Aucellabjerget on Store Koldewey Island along with A. piri- formis (many spec). — East Greenland: Kuhn Island (collected by the 2nd German North Pole Expedition).
Russia: in deposits belonging to the zone with Polijptijchites polyptychic.
America: in Knoxville Reds in British Columbia and California.
16. Aucella sp. PI. XXXIII, fig. 1.
In a gray limestone in Aucellabjerget on Store Koldewey Island was found a single left valve of an Aucella, which does not seem to be referable to any of the species mentioned in this paper. It is elongated, fairly equilateral and evenly arched; the beak is in- clined slightly forward; angle at the beak ca. 77°. As the specimen is not complete and there is only this one example, I do not venture to refer it to any of the above-described species; it belongs in any case, however, to the Kegserlingi-gcoup.
4(50 J. P. J. Bavn.
17. Aucella piriformis Lahusen, emend. A. P. Pavi.ow. PI. XXXII. figs. 11 and 12.
1874. Aucella concentrica var. rugosa Keys. ; Toula (pars), Kuhn-Insel, p. 503;
PI. 2, fig. 2. 1881. — Keyserlingiana Thautsch., forma majuscula Tullberg, Aucellen-Schich
ten Novaja-Semljas, p. 23; PI. 2, figs. 9-12. '.'1884. — concentrica Fisch. var.; White, On Mesozoic Fossils, p. 13; PI. 6,
figs. 6—7. 1888. — sublaevis (Keys.) Lahus.; Nikitin, Periode cretacee Russie centrale,
p. 74; PI. 2, figs. 13-14. 1888. — piriformis Lahusen, Ueber die russischcn Aucellen, p. 42 J PI. 5, figs. 3 — 7. 1900. — Keyserlingi Lah.; Woli.emann, Bivalven u. Gastrop. des deutschen u.
holland. Neocoms, p. 56; PI. 2, figs. 0—9.
1907. — piriformis Lahus.; Pavlow, Enchainement etc., p. 63; PI. 5, figs. 20— 22.
1908. sublaevis Keys.; Sokoi.ow, Aucellen vom Timan etc., p. 22; PI. 3,
figs. 3—5.
A fairly large number of specimens of A. piriformis were found in a reddish brown limestone in Aucellabjerget on Store Koldewey Island along with .4. crassicollis. The rock consists for the most part of more or less well-preserved Aucella shells; it farther contains a number of fragments of gneiss, as also small Hakes of white and black mica, garnet etc. Secondary are here and there secreted groups of calcite.
The left valve short, pyriform, rather oblique, strongly inflated, thickest about the middle; the beak short, curved inwards and somewhat forwards; the surface covered with regular, fairly sharp, concentric folds. — The right valve obliquely oviform, evenly but much less strongly arched than the left valve; its greatest thickness lying above the middle and from here lessening evenly towards the ventral margin; the beak pointed, somewhat prominent and inclined forwards; the surface like that of the left valve.
Right valve: length liSinm, breadth 32 mm and thickness 1(5 mm; angle at the beak ca. 70°.
The specimens seem to agree exceedingly well with Toula 's form from Kuhn Island.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: along with A. crassicol- lis in Aucellabjerget on Store Koldewey (many spec). — Kuhn Island (2nd German North Pole Expedition).
Nova Zembla: in the Aucella deposits.
Russia: the species has a wide distribution in deposits belonging to the zone with Polyptychites polyptychic.
Germany: Neocomian beds.
Alaska (?): Neocomian beds.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 4()1
18. Aucella concentrica Fischeb sp. (non Kkyserling,
non Eichwalu). PI. XXX11, figs. 9 and 10.
1830—37. Inoceramus concenlricus Fischeh DB Wai.dheim, Oryctographie du Gouver-
nement de Moscou, p. 177; PI. 20, figs. 1-3. 1888. Aucella piriformis Lahusen (pars), Ueber <lie russischen Aucellen. p. 42; PI. 5,
figs. 1-2. 1907. — concentrica Fisch.; Pavi.ow, Enchainement etc., p. 66; PI. 5, figs. 27- 28.
Numerous specimens of this species are present, all from Aucella- bjerget, where they occur in a yellowish-white shell-hreccia, which seems to he almost exclusively formed of larger and smaller speci- mens of this species.
Oviform, very oblique. The two valves very different. The left strongly inflated, slightly elongated hehind; the margins at the heak almost straight, continuing evenly through the lateral margins into the almost semicircular ventral margin; the heak pointed, inclined strongly inwards and somewhat backwards. The right valve con- siderably less arched, almost circular, but a little oblique and with projecting and pointed beak, which is bent slightly forwards. — Surface of the casts in the neighbourhood of the beak smooth or with few, faint, concentric folds; further down towards the ventral margin well-developed, fairly sharp, concentric folds; the folds of the left valve liner and denser than those of the right.
The following measurements are of two valves from different'
shells:
Left valve Right valve
Length ca. 45 mm. ca. 33 mm.
Breadth - 34 - 31 —
Thickness 18 — 8
Angle at umbo ca. 80°. ca. 95°.
The specimens agree well with Pavlow's description and figures, among other things also in the fact, that smaller right valves have a more triangular outline.
Distribution. North-East Greenland; Aucellabjerget on Store Koldewey Island (very numerous specimens).
Russia: in the zone with Pohiptijchileii polyptychic.
Germany: in Neocomian deposits.
A number of small specimens of an Aucella were found in 2 of the black calcareous concretions occurring as boulders in the neigh- bourhood of Danmarks Havn. They are unfortunately too small and imperfect for the species to be determined. They seem to show some resemblance however to ,4. terebratuloides.
462 J- P- J- RAVN-
19. Posidonomya ornati QuENSTEDT sp. PI. XXXIII, figs. 2 and 3.
1838. Posidonia ornati Quenstedt, Der Jura, p. 551; PI. 72, fig. 29.
1883. Posidonomya ornati — ; Lahusen, Jurass. Bild. des Rjasanschen Gouv.,
p. 25; PJ. 2, fig. 8. 1895. — Buchi Roem.; Sthemoouchow, Posidonomya Buchi Hoem. des
schistes de Balaclava, p. 391; PI. 1, figs. 1 — 8.
The shell fairly small, oblique and oblong, slightly arched. The cardinal margin straight, very long. The beak pointed, but little projecting, curved slightly backwards. Surface covered with numerous regular, dense, concentric ribs.
None of the specimens are so complete, that measurements can be given.
Distribution. North -East Greenland: Down from "Trsekpas- set" on Store Koldewey Island in a loose-lying boulder, 60 m above the sea (numerous specimens).
Russia: in deposits belonging to the Bathonian and Callovian.
Germany: Callovian.
20. Pinna sp. Fragments of a large Pinna species were found in boulders on the south side of Vesterdalen at Danmarks Havn. The available material is far too insufficient to permit of even an approximate determination of the species.
21. Perna groenlandica n. sp. PI. XXX1I1, figs. 4 and 5.
The shell linguiform with pointed, but slightly curved, terminal umbo. Angle between cardinal and anterior margins ca. 70°. Car- dinal margin straight. Anterior margin very slightly concave, almost straight, merging evenly into the ventral margin and this again into the posterior margin. The surface with broad, faint, concentric folds. The right valve but slightly, the left considerably arched, with the highest part lying nearest the anterior margin sloping evenly down- wards towards the wing. The cardinal margin with 8 — 10 broad ligamentary grooves, separated by narrow interspaces.
Right valve : height (measured from point of umbo to furthest point of the ventral margin) 63 mm, greatest breadth (measured at right angles to height) 35 mm and the thickness ca. 5 mm. — A cast from a left valve measured: height 80 mm, breadth ca. 46 mm and thickness ca. 12 mm.
A small specimen (2(5 mm high and 16 mm broad) has most of both valves preserved; otherwise there is practically nothing but casts.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 46.5
The shell described seems to have great resemblance with P. lamellosu Lahis., which I only know however from Lahlsk.ns description and figure '. It lacks however the regular, sharp lines of growth, has a straighter cardinal margin and seems to be less strongly arched. The Perna mentioned by Lundgren from Cape Stewart in East Greenland3 is so badly preserved, that it is impossible to say with certainty, if it is identical with P. groenlandica; but this does not seem to be the case.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Kol- dewey Island (15 valves, 6 of them connected in pairs).
22. Gervilleia sp. A specimen of a small Gervilleia is so imperfect, that a certain determination of the species is impossible. The wing is comparatively large; the hinge seems to have many ligamentary grooves. The specimen was found in a loose-lying boulder at "4. Ssenkning" on Store Koldewey Island.
23. Pecten (Entolium) demissus Bkan. PI. XXXIII, fig. 8.
(1829) 1835. Pecten demissus Bean; Phillips. Geology of Yorkshire, 1. PI. C, fig. 5.
1836. Pecten demissus Phill.; Goldfuss, Petref. Germ. II, p. 74; PI. 99, fig. 2.
1854. — — ; Morris and Lycett, Mollusca from the Great Oolite.
Part. Ill, p. 127; PI. 14, fig. 7, 1858. — — — ; Quenstedt, DerJura, p. 353, 381 and 553; PI. 48, fig. (i
and PI. 72, fig. 27. 186(>. — — Bean; Lindstrom, Trias- och Juraforsteningar fran Spetsber-
gen, p. 14; PI. 3, figs. 9-10. 1809. — — Phill.; Brauns, Der mittlere Jura, p. 270.
1881. — ; Tuli.hehg, Aucellen-Schichten Novaja-Semljas, p. 24.
'?1883. — Bean; Lahusen, Jurass. Bild. des Rjasanschen Gouw, p. 24 ;
PI. 2, fig. 4.
Only a single specimen can be referred to this species.
The valve but slightly arched; circumference oval, very nearly cir- cular. The angle at the umbo ca. 120°. The ears extending somewhat out over the cardinal margin, small; cardinal margin relatively short (ca. l/3rd of the whole breadth of the valve). Both the wings with a blunt angle. Surface of the valve covered with fine, concentric striae.
Height 150 mm, breadth 27 mm; length of the cardinal margin 9 mm.
Distribution. North -East Greenland: in a boulder on the east side of Harefjadd at Danmarks Havn (1 spec).
1 Lahusen: Jurass. Bild. des Rjasanschen Gouv., p. 91; PI. 2, fig. 9. - B. LoNDOBEN: Jurafossil fran Kap Stewart i Ost-Gronland, p. 202.
4(>4 J. P- J- Ravn.
? Spitsbergen: in deposits belonging, according to Pompeckj, to the "? Portlandian (-Lower Chalk)".
Nova Zembla: in the Aucella deposits.
Russia: Callovian.
Germany: Dogger (from the "Coronaten-Schichten" to the Parkinsonia zone).
England: Dogger — Lowermost Malm (from Lower Oolite to Coralline Oolite).
24. Pecten (Entolium) cingulatus Phillips. PL XXXIII, fig. 7.
(1829) 1835. Pecten cingulatus Phillips, Geology of Yorkshire. I, PL 5, fig. 11. 183(i. Pecten cingulatus Phillips; Goldfuss, Petref. Germ., II, p. 74; PL 99, fig. 3.
The valve oval, but little arched; the angle at the umbo ca. 90°; from each side of the umbo a narrow depression down along the sides, losing itself at about halfway down the valve. The ears small, with slightly blunt angles and somewhat rounded corners. The sur- face with fine, concentric rings of growth.
Height 21 mm, breadth 18 mm.
The species described resembles greatly the Pecten figured by Lahusen1 as P. demissus, but its surface seems to have a different character. It is doubtful, whether a couple of valves from boulders found at Danmarks Havn on the south side of Vesterdalen can be referred to P. cingulatus, as the form of the ears cannot be seen. The same applies to a couple of specimens from the boulder with Aucella mosquensis from Harefjaeld.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: in the reddish brown, loose-lying sandstone down from "Tnekpasset" (50 m above the sea) on Store Koldewey Island (1 spec).
Germany: Lias to Lowermost Malm.
England: Cornbrash (Upper Dogger).
25. Pecten (Entolium) erraticus FlEBELKORN ?
1893. Pecten {Entolium) erraticus Kiehelkorn, Geschiebe tier oberen Jurafoimation,
p. 400; PL 14, fig. 12.
Some specimens of a very flat Pecten seem from their whole form and their surface, covered with regular, concentric furrows, to be referable to this species. As the form of the ears could not, however, be seen on the available specimens, the determination -is somewhat uncertain.
Pecten erraticus is given by FlEBELKORN as occurring in Pommc- rania in boulders, which he refers to the Middle Kimmeridgian.
1 Lahusen, Die Fauna der Jurass. Bild. des Rjasanschen Gouv., PL 2, fig. 4.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 4(5")
Distribution. North-East Greenland: only [bund in boulders in the neighbourhood of Danmarks Havn, on the north side of Vesterdalen (2 spec.) and on the south side (3 spec.), also together with Aucella mosquensis at Harefjaeld.
2(5. Pecten (Camptonectes) Broenlundi n. sp.
PI. XXXIV, tigs. 5 and (i.
Large, circular Bivalve with very unequal valves. Angle at the umbo ca. 120°.
Left valve strongly arched; ears fairly small, not reaching over the cardinal margin and not very sharply distinct from the rest of the valve; the outer corner of both ears forming a blunt angle.
Right valve almost perfectly flat; outer corner of its posterior ear almost a right angle; anterior ear not seen. — The surface of both valves with numerous line and a few coarse lines of growth, and crossing these almost at right angles characteristic, somewhat undulating, fine, deepened lines, which are frequently interrupted especially by the stronger lines of growth. Under the lens other, very line, depressed lines, usually cutting the first-named, radial lines at a very pointed angle. The sculpture stronger on the wings and in the neighbourhood of these, of a characteristic, papillose character.
Left valve: height 99 mm, breadth 97 mm and thickness ca. 18 mm; length of cardinal margin ca. 45 mm.
In the light-gray sandstone from the top of Muschelberg on Hochstetter's Foreland some imprints were found of a large Pecten, which from their whole form might well belong to the same species as the above; unfortunately, small crystals of quartz have been se- creted on the imprints, so that it is impossible to determine the nature of the surface of the valves. Thus, a certain determination cannot be made. This applies also to a cast found in a boulder on the south side of Vesterdalen at Danmarks Havn. It seems, however, to be distinct from P. Broenlundi, having a somewhat broader out- line, a more pointed umbo and unusually flat lateral portions. It is thus even more doubtful, if this specimen can be placed under this species.
The form described resembles somewhat P. imperialis Keys., both in form and especially sculpture. It is readily distinguished from this, however, among other characters, by both its valves (and especially the right valve) being considerably less arched; further, its cardinal margin is relatively much shorter. P. Broenlundi has greater resemblance to P. validus Lindstr., but its left valve is more strongly arched, and the front margin below the anterior ear of the right
4(>(i J. P. J. Ravn.
valve has a somewhat different form, its concavity being considerably fainter than is the case in P. validus.
Distribution. N|orth-E|ast Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island (9 spec). — ? Top of Muschelberg on Hochstetter's Foreland (3 spec). — ? In a boulder from the south side of Vester- dalen at Danmarks Havn (1 spec).
27. Pecten (Camptonectes) sp.
From "Kloft II" on Store Koldewey Island we have 3 double- valved specimens and a single left valve of a Pecten, which does not seem referable to any species hitherto described.
The valve is circular in outline with but little prominent umbo, which bends strongly forwards. The left valve strongly inflated; the posterior ear small, almost rectangular; the anterior ear not visible; the adductor scar rounded-triangular; no sculpture apparent on the surface. The right valve quite flat; its cast with a broad and deep furrow from the umbo down to the middle of the anterior margin; a similar, but less deep furrow along the upper part of the posterior margin; the surface — at least near the ventral margin — with fine, dense, fairly regular, concentric lines, as also radial lines of a similar nature; the surface of the valve thus has a characteristic, papillose character, similar to that in P. lens Sow.
Left valve: height 87 mm, breadth 84 mm and thickness ca. 15 mm.
The species described, the casts of which — owing especially to their obliquity — resemble to a certain extent casts of an Ostrea, has some resemblance to P. validus Lindstr., from which however it is distinguished by its left valve being not a little more arched; further, the two folds, which run on the inner side of the right valve along respectively the anterior and posterior margin, are much more marked and longer than in P. validus. The specimens probably belong to a new species, related to P. lens Sow.
28. Pecten (Camptonectes) sp.
In the same boulder which contained Pecten demissus and which came from the east side of Harefjseld at Danmarks Havn, there was also a single, small valve of another Pecten. The sculpture of the valve shows, that it belongs to the subgenus Camptonectes. A closer determination is impossible, however, as the whole of the region near the cardinal margin is wanting.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 4(57
In addition to the species of Pecten mentioned above, the Dan- mark Expedition has also brought home .5 others horn the Jurassic deposits in North-East Greenland. One was found in "Kloft II" on Store Koldewey Island ; it is a shell of medium size, somewhat arched and with smooth surface. — The second species is fairly strongly arched and has had somewhat coarse radial ribs; it was found in a boulder of coarse-grained, gray sandstone lying at a height of 45 m above the sea down from "Tnekpasset" on Store Koldewey Island. Lastly, in the sandstone from the top of Muschelberg on Hochstetter's Foreland a fragment was found of a cast of a left valve; the form of the ears shows, that this valve belongs to a species different from those described in the foregoing.
The imperfect state of preservation of all these shells prevents an exact determination.
29. Ostrea sp.
A few, more or less incomplete [shells of an Ostrea of but little characteristic form were found at "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island. A couple of them seem partially to agree with 0. klutroschovensis Rouill., but the imperfect material does not permit of a certain determination. The same applies to fragments of an Ostrea shell from "4. Samkning" on Store Koldewey Island.
From the sandstone from the top of Muschelberg on Hochstetter's Foreland there is a cast of a single, large Ostrea valve. — Here also the species cannot be determined.
Probably these Ostrea fragments represent several species.
30. Modiola Strajeskiana d'Orbigny sp.
PI. XXXIII, fig. 9.
1845. Mi/tilusStrajeskianas d'Ohbigny in Mlhch., Vekneuil et Keys., Geol. de la Russie
dEurope, II, 3., p. 4<>3; PI. 39, figs. 22-23.
A portion of a left valve, of which however only the inner side is to be seen, and the whole of the cast belonging to it seems refer- able to this species.
Elongated oval, considerably arched witb a rounded ridge from the beak to the posterior end. The umbo somewhat behind the an- terior end, but little prominent. The cardinal margin slightly curved, passing evenly over into the posterior margin ; ventral margin straight. Surface with concentric lines of growth and — in the region above the ridge — with numerous fine radial striae. A furrow on the cast along the cardinal margin.
Height of cast 34 mm, length 82 mm and thickness 24 mm.
4()<S J- P- •'• Ravn.
The only difference apparent between the specimen described and d'Obbigny's species is, that the posterior end in the Greenland form is somewhat less blunt and a little narrower; the result of the latter is that the cardinal margin is more curved. As there seems lo be complete agreement otherwise, I do not think that there is reason for hesitating to refer this specimen to the species mentioned, especially as 3 other (less well-preserved) specimens agree in this regard with d'Orbigny's description and figures.
Distribution. North -East Greenland: "Kloft I" (3 spec.) and "Kloft II" (1 spec.) on Store Koldewey Island. — Top of Muschelberg on Hochstetter's Foreland (1 spec). — ? Kuhn Island (2. German North Pole Expedition).
Russia: North Urals in Oxfordian.
31. Modiola sp.
In boulders from the south side of Vesterdalen at Danmarks Hani a couple of specimens were found of a Modiola, which belongs perhaps to a hitherto undescribed species. The material is however too incomplete to permit of a quite certain determination.
The best preserved valve is 30 — 35 mm long, but little arched, narrow in front and considerably broader behind. The umbo small, lying near the front end. A ridge fairly sharp at first, then more rounded, inns from the umbo obliquely downwards towards the lowermost part of the ventral margin. The surface with comparatively coarse, concentric lines.
The present form greatly resembles M. Lonsdalei, but is not nearly so much arched as the latter. It is probable, however, that it has originally been somewhat more arched than now, as its flatness is at least in part due to compression.
32. Modiola hannoverana Sthuckmann ?
1.S7S. Modiola hannoverana Sthuckmann, Ob. Jura Hannover, p. 84; PI. 2, fig. 1. 190(5. — — — ; Bohissjak, Pelecypoden der Jura-Ablagerun-
gen im europ. Russland, III, p. 9; PI. 2,
figs. 1—4.
A couple of specimens of a Modiola greatly resemble this species, but they are so incomplete, that a certain determination is im- possible.
Shell rather inflated; beaks nearly terminal, triangular-oval, narrowing towards the ventral margin; cardinal margin long and straight; the region in front of the umbo very short, separated from the rest of the valve by a broad furrow. The shell steep in front, sloping more gradually backwards, passing evenly into a relatively
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 4(59
large, flat "wing". Surface with fairly coarse, concentric ribs and with some fine, concentric lines.
Greatest length of the shell 14 mm, its breadth ca. 8 mm (meas- ured at right angles to the length).
Distribution. North-East Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island (2 spec).
Russia: in limestone deposits of the Donez-.Iurassic.
Germany: Upper Jurassic.
33. Yoldia sp.
A specimen of a small Yoldia was found in one of the black calcareous concretions occurring as boulders in Vesterdalen at Dan- marks Havn. Unfortunately the specimen is so badly preserved, that a certain determination is impossible.
34. Macrodon Keyserlingii d'Ohbigny sp.
1846. Area elongata Sow.; Keyserung, Petschora-Land, p. 305; PI. 17, figs. 1—4.
1850. — Keyserlingii d'Ohbigny, Prodrome de Paleont., I, p. 369.
1883. Macrodon Keyserlingii d'Orb.; Lahusen, Jurass. Bild. Rjasanschen Gouv., p. '.28;
PI. 2, figs. 14-15. 1905. — — — ; Borissjak, Pelecypoden der Jura-Ablagerungen
im europ. Russland, II, p. 2 and 42; PI. 1,
figs. 5- 8.
A left valve of a large Macrodon seems referable with certainty lo this characteristic species. Only the inner side of the valve is accessible for examination however. The valve is strongly arched, very elongated, with very unequal sides. The anterior margin meets the cardinal margin at a slightly blunt angle, and the ventral margin shows a relatively deep concavity.
Height ca. 20 mm, length 50 mm.
A fragment of a right valve probably belongs here also.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: "Kloft IF* on Store Kolde- wey Island (1 spec). ? In a loose-lying stone at "4. Samkning" (1 spec).
Russia: in deposits belonging to Middle Callovian — Sequanian.
35. Macrodon Schourovskii Rouilmer sp.
1847 — 48. Cucullaea Schourovskii Rouilmer, Iitudes progr. Geol. Moscou, II, p. 428.
PI. H, fig. 39. 1900. Macrodon sp.; Pompeckj, Jurassic Fauna of Cap
Flora, p. 67; PI. 1, fig. 17. 1905. — - ; BoRissjAK,Pelecypodender,Iura Ab
lagerungen im europ. Russland.
II, p. 12 and 48; PI. 2, figs. 10-12.
Only a left valve can be referred to this species. The valve trapezoidal, strongly arched; the umbo somewhat in front of the middle, inclined forwards rather strongly. Ventral margin xlv. 34
470 J- P. J- Ravn.
straight, almost parallel to the cardinal margin; posterior margin without concavity. A rounded keel from the umbo down to the posterior part of the ventral margin, bounding in front the hind- most, concave region of the valve. Area low. Surface with con- centric striae.
Height 9'5 mm, length 19 mm, thickness (of the single valve) o mm.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: in a boulder on the south side of Vesterdalen at Danmarks Havn (1 spec).
Franz Josephs Land: in Middle Callovian.
Russia: in Lower Volga deposits in Central Russia.
36. Macrodon Mylii n. sp. PI. XXXIV, fig. 1.
The shell little arched, very oblique, elongated in a diagonal direction. Anterior end narrow, posterior end very broad; the wings not sharply marked olT from the rest of the shell; the diagonal ridge very much rounded and but little prominent. The beaks but little projecting, almost touching one another. The anterior margin rounded, forming a rounded corner with the cardinal margin. The posterior margin likewise somewhat curved, without concavity, forming a blunt angle with the ventral margin; the size of this angle increasing with age. The ventral margin with quite a slight con- cavity in its front part. The surface covered with concentric, regular folds, overlapping like tiles. Here and there — especially on the most strongly arched region of the shell — faint radial furrows. Area little evident, quite unusually low. The hinge not accessible for examination.
Height 14 mm, length 23 mm, thickness (2 connected valves) 7 mm.
This species is very nearly related to M. Rouillieri Lah., but is distinct from it by being much less arched and less elongated. In connection with the former characteristic, the ridge is much less prominent and the area considerably lower.
I have named the species after the leader of the Danmark Ex- pedition, the author Mylius-Ehichsen, who met his death on the ice- iields of Greenland.
Distribution. N o r t h - E a s t Greenland: lying loose in the middle sandstone region of Store Koldewey Island (1 entire specimen).
37. Macrodon Hagenii n. sp. PL XXXIV, figs. 3 and 4.
One or two, somewhat incomplete shells of a Macrodon greatly resemble M. Keyserlingii , but are so different, that I think it best to
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 471
describe them as a new species, which I have called alter First- Lieut. N. P. Hoegh-Hagen, the companion and fellow-sufferer of MyLius-Erichsen. The material, as mentioned, is somewhat imperfect. The best preserved specimen is a left valve, of which only the posterior half is preserved and the following description applies to it.
The valve not much arched; the umbo far in front of the middle of the shell; the posterior margin with a deep concavity; the ventral margin (on the preserved portion of the valve) almost parallel with the cardinal margin. Area fairly low. The surface covered with the usual concentric folds and radial ribs. From the umbo down to the front part of the ventral margin a characteristic, narrow depression, bounded posteriorly by a greatly raised edge and likewise well- defined in front; the middle part of the depression slightly raised and characterized by a narrow, but relatively deep concavity on the concentric lines.
From the same locality there is a right valve, which should rather be described as a cast with a portion of the valve preserved. It has an extremely irregular form, which is perhaps however due to pressure in part. The valve is strikingly high and its middle part is fairly strongly arched. The posterior wing has a distinct incision and the anterior margin forms almost a right angle with the cardinal margin. It is somewhat uncertain whether this valve belongs to the above species, but it is probable, as inter alia it also has the cha- racteristic radial furrow from the beak to the ventral margin; on the ventral margin a narrow, but relatively deep concavity corresponds to this furrow. The height of the valve is 15 mm, its length 22 mm.
In form the species has some resemblance to M. parallelum Ii.ovAisKY, but is much higher.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: lying loose with the previous species in the middle sandstone region of Store Koldewey Island (1 — 2 spec).
J58. Astarte striato-costata MONSTER.
PI. XXXIII, fig. 11.
1837. Astarte striato-costata Mr.; Goldfuss, Petref. Germ., II, p. 192; PI. 134, fig. 18. 1883. — Golof.; Lahusen, Jurass. Bild. des Kjasanschen Gouv.,
p. 31 ; PI. 2, fig. 26.
Very numerous specimens of one or several Astarte species were found in a coarse-grained sandstone from "Kloft II" on Store Kolde- wey Island. They are all badly preserved, almost without exception; some of them can perhaps be referred to A. minima Phill., whilst a few larger specimens are sufficiently well-preserved, that they can be determined as A. striato-costata Mi.
34*
472 J- P- J- Ravx.
The shell fairly flat, ovoid to circular with small, pointed, median umho. The anterior margin somewhat concave; the posterior margin straight, passing evenly over into the rather strongly curved ventral margin. The older parts of the shell covered with dense, con- centric folds and with finer concentric striae; the younger parts smoother, with fainter concentric folds and striae.
Height and length 9 mm.
The available specimens show such great resemblance to some of the figures given by Ilova'i'sky (especially with fig. 19) of A. de- pressoides Lahus.1, that one might be tempted to refer them to this species, or perhaps more correctly to A. levilimbnta Ilova'i'sky, which is only distinguished from the former by having a smooth margin and can thus probably not be separated from it. On the other hand, they differ considerably in form from Lahusen's figures of this spe- cies2, to which therefore I have not ventured to refer them.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island (3 spec).
Russia: in the zone with Aspidoceras biarmatum (Oxfordian).
Germany: Upper Dogger.
39. Astarte minima PHILLIPS.
(18291 1835. Astarte minima Phillips, Geology of Yorkshire, I; PI. 9, fig. 23.
1853. Astarte minima Phillips; Morris and Lycett, Mollusca from the Great Oolite.
II, p. 82; PI. 9, fig. 10. 1858. — — ; Quenstedt, Der Jura, p. 444; PI. 61, fig. 4.
1861. — — — ; Trautschold, Recherches geologiques etc., p. 82;
PI. 7, fig. 6.
The shell strongly rounded-triangular, almost circular, fairly Hat. The beak but little prominent. The surface covered with 10 — 12 rather coarse, concentric folds; the folds nearest the umbo the strongest; the younger part of the shell almost perfectly smooth.
Height ca. 3 mm ; length a little more.
The available specimens from "Kloft I" agree well in form with the specimen figured by Trautschold from the black sand at Mniowniki, but seem to differ therefrom in the fact, that the folds are lost down towards the ventral margin. From English and German specimens they are distinguished by their less triangular form. Possibly they should rather be regarded as young specimens of .4. depressa Quenst. (Der Jura, p. 505; PI. 67, figs. 29—34) from "Brauner Jura t"; in this species, namely, the younger parts of the shell may also be smooth as in the Greenland specimens.
1 Ilova'i'sky: L'Oxfordien et le Sequanien etc., p. 256; PI. 9, figs. 12—22. - Lahusex: Jurass. Bild. des Rjasanschen Gouv., PI. 2, tig. 27.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 4711
Loose-lying stones from "4. Ssenkning" contain a number of speci- mens, up to 9mm high, of an Astarte with crenulated margin; these may also be referred probably to the present species.
Distribution. North- East Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island (5 spec); "4. Saenkning" on the same Island (many spec).
Russia: black sand at Mniowniki.
Germany: Brainier Jura e in Wurthemberg.
England: Great Oolite.
40. Astarte alta n. sp. PI. XXXIV, fig. 2.
The shell comparatively high and short, moderately arched, triangular-ovoid. The umbo median, pointed and very projecting, and bent somewhat forwards. The posterior margin slightly convex, passing rather abruptly into the strongly curved ventral margin ; the anterior margin slightly concave. From the umbo down to the posterior part of the ventral margin a slightly concave depression. Lunula distinctly marked off. The surface covered with numerous, somewhat irregular, rather sharp, concentric ribs. The margin of the shell crenulated.
Height 13'5 mm, lenght 12 mm and thickness (of a single valve) 5 mm.
This species is distinguished from A. striato-costata Mu. by its high form and stronger ribs on the younger parts of the shell.
Distribution. North- East Greenland. "Kl0ft*I" on Store Koldewey Island (1 spec).
41. "Astarte" retrotracta Roiulliek.
1847 48. Astarte relrotracta Rouili-if.r, Etudes progr. Geol. Moscou; II etude, p. 414;
PI. G. fig. 29.
The valve small, oval, strongly arched. The umbo behind the middle of the valve, inclined somewhat forward; in front of it a distinct, oval lunula.
The shell itself is only in part preserved in the single available specimen ; it seems to have been thin ; its surface has only had finer and coarser concentric striae. The hinge cannot be seen for examination.
Height 9 mm, length 11") mm and thickness (of the cast of a left valve) ca. ,i-'i mm.
Although the hinge is not known in the only specimen and the margin of the shell seems to be smooth, the resemblance otherwise
474 •'• P- J- Kavn-
is so great — among other things in the characteristic position of the umbo — that I venture to refer the specimen to A relrotracta.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: at "4. Samkning" on Store Koldewey Island (1 left valve).
Russia: in "3. Etage" at Moscow.
42. Tancredia curtansata PHILLIPS sp.
(1829) 1835. Corbula curtansata Phillips, Geology of Yorkshire. 1. PI. 3, tig. 27. 1854. Tancredia — — ; Morris and Lycett, Mollusca from the
Great Oolite. III. p. 93: PI. 13, fig. 7.
The shell rounded, ohliquely triangular. The umbo somewhat behind the middle, little projecting. The anterior part of the shell compressed, pointed; the posterior part moderately arched. The margin in front of the umbo concave; the posterior margin convex, somewhat blunt, the ventral margin evenly curved. The hinge with a cardinal tooth and a long, posterior, lateral tooth in each valve. The surface of the shell with fine and coarse lines of growth.
A cast of a right shell: height 22 mm, length ca. 33 mm and thickness ca. 5*5 mm.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: in loose-lying stones at "4. Samkning" on Store Koldewey Island (2 valves).
England: in Great Oolite and Coralline Oolite.
•43. Tancredia planata MORRIS A Lycett.
PI. XXXIII, fig. 10.
1854. Tancredia planata Morris & Lycett; Mollusca from the Great Oolite. III.
p. 94; PI. 13, fig. 10.
Some casts, one of which is almost perfect, seem to agree well with Mourns and Lycktt's above-cited description and figures (espe- cially with fig. 10 b).
The shell triangular-oval, fairly flat. The umbo small, almost in the middle. The cardinal margin in front of the umbo slightly concave, behind the umbo slightly convex. The anterior margin rounded; the posterior margin likewise rounded, slightly truncate; the ventral margin evenly curved. The hinge not visible for examina- tion.
The cast of a left valve: height 17 mm, length 25 mm.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island (1 spec). In free-lying stones at "4. Samkning" on the same island (2 spec).
England: Great Oolite.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 475
44. Tancredia axiniformis Phillips sp. PI. XXXV, fig. 1.
(1829) 1835. Nucula axiniformis Phillips, Geology of Yorkshire. I. PI. 11, fig. 13. 1850. Tancredia extensa Lycett, Fossil Shells from the Inf. Oolite, p. 407 ; PI. 11,
fig- »• 1854. axiniformis Phii.l. ; Morhis and Lycett, Mollusca from the Great
Oolite. III. p. 93; PI. 12, fig. 7 and PI. 13, fig. (i.
The shell rather flat, triangular-oval, elongated. The umbo almost in the middle, pointed. The anterior and posterior margins almost straight, passing very abruptly into the slightly curved ventral margin. The front part of the shell less arched than the posterior part. In the neighbourhood of the posterior margin a somewhat rounded, but very- distinct radial ridge; the region behind this somewhat concave. The surface of the shell with fine lines of growth.
Height ca. 13 mm, length ca. 24 mm, thickness (of a single valve) ca. 2*5 mm.
All the available specimens are badly preserved; they seem to agree very well with Morris and Lycktt's fig. 7, PI. 12. — Along with this a portion of the cast of a right shell was found, which possibly belongs to the same species. This seems to show, that each valve has had a blunt cardinal tooth and an elongated, posterior, lateral tooth.
For the sake of comparison I have had specimens from Langrune and Ranville (Calvados); the only difference between these and the Greenland specimens seems to be, that the ventral margin in the latter is a little more curved, thus causing the whole form to be a trifle higher.
Distribution. North -East Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island (5 spec, 1 with both valves). In free-lying stones at "4. Saenkning" on the same island (3 valves). — On the south- east slope of Muschelberg (Hochstetter's Foreland) at a height of 370 m above the sea (1 valve?).
England: Inferior Oolite and Great Oolite.
France: in Grand Oolite.
45. Tancredia Jarneri n. sp. PI. XXXV, fig. 3.
A number of characteristic casts seem referable to all appearance to a new species of the genus Tancredia.
Description of the cast: strongly arched; the form somewhat variable, oblong, triangular-oval. The anterior end rounded, some- times rather pointed; the posterior end blunter; the ventral margin rather slightly curved. The umbo almost median, little prominent.
47(5 •'• P- •!• Ravn.
In the neighbourhood of the cardinal margin and in front of the umbo a somewhat excavated region; between this and the cardinal margin an oblong, small but strong prominence, and in front of this a larger projection (imprint of the anterior adductor), which is lost below. Behind the umbo a depression which runs in an oblique direction towards the posterior part of the ventral margin, though not reaching quite to the latter; it is bounded posteriorly by a projecting part (imprint of the posterior adductor). Along the posterior part of the cardinal margin a broad furrow, which vanishes after passing a small, marked depression lying above the impression of the posterior adductor. The impressions of the adductors not distinctly marked off; the pallial line without sinus. Of teeth only 1 cardinal tooth apparent in each valve, that of the left valve lying in front of that of the right.
As mentioned, the form varies considerably, as is shown by the following measurements of two casts :
Height Length Thickness
32 mm 68 mm 20 mm
37 — 54 — 17 —
All transitions seem to occur between the extreme forms, so that all the available specimens, probably belong to one and the same species. — A few fragments preserved of the shell itself show, that the surface of the shell has been covered with the usual, concentric lines of growth.
During the Danish Expedition to the east coast of Greenland in 1891 — 92 a single cast of a left valve of the same or a very nearly related species was found at Cape Stewart. The incompleteness of the material does not permit of a certain determination. LuNDGREN, who worked up the Jurassic fossils brought by the Expedition from Cape Stewart, does not mention this specimen.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: "Kloft II" on Store Koldewey Island (22 casts). In a loose-lying stone at "4. Saenkning" on the same island (cast of a left valve). — In loose-lying stones from the river-bed through Muschelberg on Hochstetter's Foreland (3 casts). Top of Muschelberg (cast of two connected valves).
East Greenland: ? Cape Stewart (cast of a left valve).
46. Lucina substriata Roemer?
1835. Lucina substriata Roemeh, Vent, des norddeutsch. Oolithen-Geh. p. 118; PI. 7,
fig. 18. 1874. — — ; Bhauns, Der obere Jura. p. 285.
I have not been able to refer some rather badly preserved specimens of a Lucina with full certainty to any earlier described species. They seem to come nearest to L. substriata, to which they
On .Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 477
should possibly he referred. They are more or less complete easts. with here and there the inner layer of the shell preserved.
The shell to some extent circular, somewhat elongated in front. The umbo almost median, somewhat projecting. The posterior part of the circumference of the shell semicircular, hut with a pair of faint concavities. The margin in front of the umbo strongly concave. On the hindmost portion of the shell a deepened part, extending from the umbo down along the posterior margin ; this depression well-marked on the cast. The surface probably with fine, concentric striae and with fine radial lines; the latter also apparent on the cast. — The hinge and muscular impressions not apparent.
Height ca. 47 mm, length ca. ;il mm and thickness (cast of a double-valved spec.) 19 mm. The largest specimen is ca. 60 mm high.
A small, badly preserved specimen from "4. Saenkning" perhaps belongs to the same species, but seems to be more strongly arched than the other Greenland specimens.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: "Kloft II" on Store Koldewey Island (3 spec, 2 of them double-valved). ? At "4. Saenkning" in loose-lying stone (1 spec).
Germany: in Kimmeridgian at numerous localities in North Germany.
France: in Kimmeridgian-Portland.
47. Protocardia sp.
I have not been able with certainty to refer some specimens of a Protocardia to any species known to me.
The shell rather strongly inflated, rounded-trapezoidal, with unequal sides; the umbo inclined somewhat forwards. The anterior margin rounded and passing evenly into the rather slightly rounded ventral margin. The posterior margin somewhat elongated downwards and grading fairly evenly into the ventral margin. The whole of the surface, with exception of the hindmost part, smooth, showing only fine, concentric lines of growth. In the neighbourhood of the posterior margin a strongly rounded radial ridge; the shell behind this sloping very steeply down towards the posterior and cardinal margins. Behind the ridge ca. 8 rather faint radial ribs, and in front of the ridge a few still fainter. The part of the margin touched by the ribs crenulated, the remainder smooth.
A single valve is 19 mm high, IS mm broad and ca. (i mm thick.
Possibly the specimens described (3 in number), which were found in "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island, may he referred to
478 J- P- •'• Ravn.
Pr. eduliformis Roem. sp. They seem to agree to a certain extent with Roemer's description of his "Venus irapeziformis" , which is said to he identical with the species mentioned, but nevertheless seem to be somewhat more strongly inflated. Owing to the lack of material for comparison I am not able to settle this question.
At "4. Saenkning" on Store Koldewey Island 4 specimens of a Protocardia were found, which may belong to the same species as the above-described from "Kloft I*'.
48. Cyprina cfr. mosquensis d'Ohbigny.
PL XXXV, fig. 2.
Some casts of a Cyprina greatly resemble casts which are pre- served in the collections of the Mineralogies] Museum under the name Cyprina mosquensis d'Orb. and which are stated to have been found at Kharoschowo at Moscow. Unfortunately, I cannot find, where this form is described.
The cast evenly and comparatively slightly arched, rather oblique, with pointed, projecting umbo, which inclines strongly forwards. The angle at the umbo ca. 110°; the anterior margin grading evenly into the ventral margin and this again into the posterior margin. The hinge as usual in Cyprina with 3 cardinal teeth and 1 lateral tooth in the ventral valve posteriorly. Muscular impressions and pallial line not observed.
Height 14 mm, breadth 18 mm and thickness 7 mm.
The casts described differ from C. mosquensis especially in that they are somewhat less arched; further, the umbo is more pointed and inclined somewhat more forwards. Rut in the former character, especially, the Russian species seems to vary considerably.
Another cast from the same locality as the above greatly resembles these, but has a somewhat longer anterior end and in consequence a more median umbo and the ventral margin in a flatter curve. It is doubtful, therefore, whether it can be referred to the same species.
Distribution. North-East (ire en land: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island (3 — 4 specimens).
Russia: the above-mentioned specimens of C. mosquensis are stated to have been found at Kharoschowo in deposits belonging to Malm fi.
49. Cyprina kharoschovensis ROUILLIER.
PL XXXV, fig. 4.
1847—48, Cyprina kharoschovensis Rouii-likk, Etudes progr. Geol. Moscou. II. p. 421;
PI. H, fig. S3.
The shell rounded, triangular, rather flat. The umbo far in front of the middle, bent strongly forwards. The anterior margin and the
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 479
front part of the ventral margin forming a semicircle; the posterior part of the circumference very like the half part of an ellipse. The shell strongly arched in the neighbourhood of the posterior margin, otherwise rather flat. No sinus on the pallia] line. The hinge not observed.
Height of the cast 28 mm, its length 36 mm and thickness (of a single valve) ca. 7 mm.
To judge from the right valves the available casts agree very well with Rouillier's above-cited figure.
Distribution. North -East Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island (1 spec). At "4. Samkning" also on Store Koldewey Island (1 spec). — On the top of Muschelberg, Hochstetter's Foreland (2 spec).
Russia: at Kharoschowo.
50. Cyprina Syssollae Keysehling.
PI. XXXV, fig. 6.
1840. Cyprina Syssollae Keyshrmng, Petschora-Land, p. 3(19; PI. 17. figs. 17 — 22.
The shell rounded-triangular, relatively higher and shorter than in the previous species, fairly Hat. The umbo somewhat in front of the middle, rather prominent. — The front part of the cardinal margin more concave than in the previous species. Lunula not sharply marked off. The surface covered with coarse and fine, concentric striae.
All the available specimens (casts and imprints) are more or less defective; their form has been partly somewhat altered by pres- sure. The following measurements can be given of an imprint of a right valve somewhat deformed in this way:
Height 25 mm, length 29 mm and thickness ca. 9 mm.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island (many spec). At "4. Saenkning" on the same island (5 spec). — Top of Muschelberg on Hochstetter's Foreland (1 spec).
Russia: in deposits with Belemnites Panderianus.
51. Cyprina cfr. inconspicua Lindstkom.
18fi5. Cyprina inconspicua Lindstkom, Trias- och Juraforsteningar fran Spetsbergun.
p. 11; PI. 3, figs. 7—8.
A cast of a left valve and a second specimen with the greater part of the shell preserved have a great resemblance to this species, but yet differ so much from it, that they must perhaps be referred to another species.
4X0 J. P. J. Ravn.
Oblong-oval, comparatively little oblique and rather strongly arched. The umbo a little in front of the middle. The circumference evenly rounded. The surface with fine, concentric lines of growth, otherwise smooth.
Height 18 mm, length 23 mm, thickness ca. 5 mm.
The available specimens differ from Lindstrom's original examples especially in that they are higher and more strongly arched. It is possible, however, that these original examples were somewhat de- formed by pressure.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island (1 spec). In a loose-lying stone at "4. SaMikning" on the same island (1 spec).
52. Cyprina Panderi Rouillier sp. ? 1847—48. Astarte Panderi Rouim.ikr, Etudes progr. Geol. Moscou. II. p. 418; PI. G.
fig. 28.
I am inclined to refer some few, incomplete shells to this species, especially from the nature of the surface.
The shell rather strongly arched, slightly triangular-circular, comparatively little oblique. The umbo a little in front of the middle. The surface with characteristic, sharp, canaliculated, concentric furrows at regular distances from one another; further with very fine, con- centric lines.
Rouillieb states, that this species forms a connecting link with the genera Astarte, Lucina and Cyprina, and that it is very nearly related to C. Syssollae. To judge from the hinge, which he figures, it seems most natural to refer it to the genus Cyprina, also because it lacks the distinct, anterior pedal scar which is characteristic for the genus Astarte.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island (3 spec).
Russia: in the 2. Etage of the Moscow Jurassic
53. Pleuromya peregrina d'Orbigny sp.
1845. Panopaea peregrina d'Orbigny; Murchison, DE Verneuii. et Keyserung, Geo- logic de la Russie d'Europe. II. p. 468: PI. 40. figs. 10—12.
1847. Panopaea peregrina d'Orb. : Rouili.ier, Etudes progr. Geol. Moscou. II. p. 406.
1881—85. Pleuromya peregrina d'Orb.: Zittel, Handbuch der Palaontologie. II.
fig. 179.
The shell thin, rather strongly arched, rounded triangular; the an- terior margin truncated, the posterior margin more curved, the ventral margin slightly curved. The umbo somewhat in front of the middle, but little prominent, bent strongly inward and somewhat forward.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 481
Height 15 mm, length 24 mm.
Of this species we have only a couple of valves, which agree well with some casts from the Moscow Jurassic; they seem only to he a little less arched. The characteristic nature of the surface cannot be observed, which is probably due however to the fact, that the surface of the valves is somewhat weathered.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: "Klaft I" on Store Koldewey (1 spec). In a loose-lying stone at "4. Saenkning" on the same island (1 spec).
? Spitzbergen: at Advent Bay.
Nova Zembla: at Besimannaja.
Russia: at Kharoschowo.
54. Qoniomya sp.
A single, very imperfect cast from the sandstone on the top of Muschelberg, Hochstetter's Foreland, must be referred to the genus Gonionu/a from its whole form and characteristic sculpture; to deter- mine the species is impossible.
55. Dentalium nodulosum LUNDGREN.
1883. Dentalium nodulosum Lundc.ken, Jura- und Trias-Fossilien. p. 10; PI. 2, tigs. 7 — 9.
At several localities the Dentalium tubes belong to the fossils of most frequent occurrence in the sandstone. In any case a number of them seem referable to I), nodulosum Ldgiin.
Thick-walled, slightly bent tubes of up to 3 mm in diameter, frequently more or less uneven in thickness. The surface with coarse transverse lines and irregular constrictions and folds.
One might be inclined to think from their whole appearance, that these were Serpula tubes, but the. structure of the shell agrees with that of the Dentalium tube.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: in boulders at Vester- dalen at Danmarks Havn (many spec); "Kleft I" on Store Koldewey (numerous spec). — In loose-lying stones at "4. Saenkning" on Store Koldewey Island (numerous spec).
Spitzbergen: in the Jurassic
In one of the black concretions occurring as boulders in Vester- dalen at Danmarks Havn 3 specimens were found of a small Den- talium. The shell is thin, smooth and shiny; but some irregular cross-wrinkles can be seen under the lens. The specimens are too imperfect to permit of a closer determination.
482 J- P- J- Ravn.
56. Amberleya groenlandica n. sp. PI. XXXV, fig. 5.
The shell turbinate with slightly arched whorls. Almost on the middle of the whorls a strong spiral ridge beset with a series of fairly large nodes; under this ridge and a little above the lower suture a similar spiral ridge with more numerous and smaller nodes; the interval between these ridges slightly excavated. The region between the upper suture and the upper ridge greatly excavated. Almost in the middle of this region, but a little nearer the suture a series of scattered nodes almost of the same size as those on the lower spiral ridge. The whole of the surface, further, covered with line transverse ribs, at fairly regular distances from one another. The under-surface of the last whorl preserved rounded and with a number of raised spirals. Form of the mouth not observed.
Height 11 mm, thickness 10 mm.
I have not been able to refer the species described to any species known to me. In the Munich Museum I have seen some shells from Vaches noires (Calvados), which are labelled Eucijclus (Littorina) Meriani Goldf., a number of which have a considerable resemblance to the Greenland specimen, but the region above the upper ridge is flat and not excavated'; further, the underside of the whorls is more strongly arched and there are also 2 rows of nodes over the upper ridge.
Distribution. North -East Greenland: in a loose-lying stone, found 50 m above the sea down from "Trsekpasset" on Store Kolde- wey Island (1 spec).
57. Amberleya Jasicofiana d'OrbiGNY sp.?
1845. Turbo Jasicofianus jj'Orbigny in MuncmsoN, Verneuu. et Keysekling, Geologie
de la Russie d'Kurope. II. p. 451 ; PI. 37, figs. 19-20.
A single cast of an Amberleya seems to agree perfectly with casts of this species which I have seen in Munich Museum, and which are stated to have come from Mniowniki at Moscow. For a certain determination, however, the material is too imperfect.
The last of the whorls preserved has borne 3 or 4 spiral ridges. The cross-section of the whorl is rounded, its height a little greater than the breadth.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: in a loose-lying stone from "4. Saenkning" on Store Koldewey Island (1 spec).
58. Natica sp.
Some imperfect Natica shells (6 spec, from "4. Samkning" and 2 spec from "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island) cannot be deter-
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. -IH'A
mined to their species. In form most of them show a considerable resemblance to N. plicata Mi:. (Goldfuss: Petrefacta Germaniae. III. p. 119; PI. 109, fig. 15) from Lindner Berg in Hanover, but the transverse folds of the last whorl seem to be wanting. — One of the two specimens from "Kloft I" is considerably smaller than the others and probably belongs to a different, more slender species.
59. Turritella sp. PI. XXXV, fig. 7.
From "Kloft II" on Store Koldewey Island there is a fragment of a Turritella, consisting of ca. 5, extremely well-preserved whorls. It probably belongs to a hitherto underscribed species.
Very elongate-turreted with numerous, flat whorls, separated by little obvious sutures. Uppermost on the younger whorls present a very narrow and quite faint excavated band, on which there is a pair of quite fine, raised spirals. The rest of the shell covered with numerous, rounded spirals of variable breadth and with somewhat variable interspaces; the last usually less than, sometimes equal to the breadth of the spirals. Lines of growth fine, in an even curve.
On the second-last whorl present, with a diameter of 8 mm, the number of spirals is 9.
The whole appearance greatly resembles that of a Nerinea, but there is no trace of the internal folds characteristic of this genus.
A second, less well-preserved specimen from "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island probably belongs to this species.
In the boulder containing Aucella mosqnensis from Harefjadd at Danmarks Havn a stump was found of a quite indeterminable Turritella species.
till. Ghemnitzia undulata TuiXBERG sp.
1881. Eulima undulata Tullbehg, Aucella-Schichten Novaja Semljas. p. 10: PI. 2,
tigs. 26—27.
Short turreted with slightly arched whorls. These separated by deep sutures and — in the case of the older ones — covered with fairly coarse, curving, rounded transverse ribs; the younger whorls on the other hand smoother, without regular transverse ribs, but with coarse and fine, curving lines of growth. Further, numerous very fine spirals. The aperture probably oviform, with a pointed angle above.
Length ca. 8 mm, thickness ca. 4 mm.
Although numerous specimens of the species are present, I have not seen a single complete shell. According to Tullbehg's descrip- tion there should be transverse ribs on all the whorls; his figures
484 J- p- J- Ravn-
seem to show, however, that the younger whorls may lack the transverse ribs.
Distribution. North -East Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island (many specimens). In loose-lying stones at "4. Samkning" on the same island (many spec).
Nova Zembla: in bituminous limestone at Skodde Bay.
61. Chemnitzia hamptonensis Mohris & Lycett. PI. XXXV, fig. 8.
1854. Chemnitzia Hamptonensis Morhis & Lycett. Mollusca from the Great Oolite.
p. 50: PI. 7, fig. 1.
The shell more slender than in the previous species; otherwise resembling this greatly. The whorls Hat or slightly arched, separated by deep sutures. The older whorls with numerous, fairly strongly curved, rounded transverse ribs; the younger whorls with faint, irregular transverse folds and distinct, curving and obliquely placed lines of growth.
Length ca. 9 mm, thickness ca. 3'5 mm.
This species occurs in considerable abundance along with the preceding, from which it is so little different, that better material will probably prove it to be the same species.
Distribution. North -East Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island (several spec). In loose-lying stones at "4. Stenk- ning" on the same island (several spec).
England: in Great Oolite.
62. Aporrhais sp. (I).
In two of the black concretions (with Garnieria) occurring as boulders at Danmarks Havn, there are numerous species of an Aporrhais. Unfortunately it has not been possible to separate an even approximately complete specimen.
The older whorls are strongly arched; the younger have a strong ridge along the middle. Under this ridge on the last whorl there is a second, somewhat fainter ridge. The outer lip forms a short wing, on which the two ridges of the last whorl run out and continue further as two long (?), diverging lingers. Behind, as usual in the genus, there is a canal up along the lowermost part of the spire. Otherwise the shell is covered with fine, raised spirals, at variable, but as a rule comparatively great distances from one another.
It has not been possible for me to refer these specimens to any hitherto known species; probably the species is new.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 48;)
63. Aporrhais sp. (II).
In the same concretions, which contained the previous species, are a number of other specimens, which in all probability belong to a different species of the genus Aporrhais.
All the whorls are strongly arched. No true ridge occurs, but on the other hand a very strong spiral, which lies somewhat above the middle of the whorls; it is bounded on both sides — especially below — by a depression. The outer lip forms a large, broad wing, the outer boundary of which cannot be seen on the available speci- mens. Otherwise the sculpture consists of a large number of fine spirals, which seem however to be somewhat coarser and denser than in the preceding species, just as the lines of growth are much more distinct. I have not succeeded in referring these specimens either to any known species.
(U. Lytoceras polare n. sp. PI. XXXV, fig. 9.
I have been unable to refer a fairly well-preserved specimen of a Lytoceras to any species known to me.
The whorls slightly overlapping, almost circular in section (to a breadth of 15 mm corresponds a height of 125 mm, measured in the middle line); its greatest breadth lying a little nearer the umbilicus than the external side. The greatest diameter of the specimen 42 mm with a corresponding width of umbilicus of 16 mm. On the surface somewhat distant, slightly curved, raised transverse lines at fairly equal distances from one another; between them indications of other dense, line lines, somewhat variable in size. — The suture-line in part distinct, strongly toothed, with a very narrow siphonal saddle, and the characteristic, cross-shaped, antisiphonal lobe; auxiliary lobes wanting. The external lobe and 1st lateral lobe almost equally deep (probably the specimen is not fully developed).
It will be seen from the above, that this species is one of the typical Fimbriates. In form it greatly resembles L. Sacya Forb., but the suture-line and sculpture of the latter are very different, as it belongs to the subgenus (iaudruceras Gross, (emend. Kossmat). A more nearly related form is L. ezoense Yabk, but this species also has a different sculpture.
Distribution. North -East Greenland: in a limestone concre- tion found as boulder on the north side of Vesterdalen at Danmarks Havn (1 spec).
XLV. 35
486 J- P- J- Ravn.
(55. Cardioceras alternans v. Buch sp. PL XXXVI, figs. 1, 2 and 3.
(1831) 1885. Ammonites alternans v. Buch, Petrifications remarquables. p. 145; PI. 18,
fig. 4.
1845. Ammonites subeordatus d'Orbic.ny, in Murchison, Verneuii. et Keyseri.ing, Geo-
logie de la Russie d'Europe. II. p. 434; PI. 34, figs. 6—7.
1846. alternans v. Buch ; Keyseri.ing, Petschora-Land. p. 323, PL 22, fig. 2. 1849. — — — , Quenstedt, Die Cephalopoden. p. 96; PI. 5, figs.
7—8. — — — , Rouillier, Etudes progr. Geologie de Moscou. V.
p. 362; PI. L, fig. 88; PI. M, fig. 109. 1878. Amaltheus alternans Buch; Nikitin, Group of Amaltheus funiferus Phill. p. 148;
PI. 2, fig 18. 1881. — — — ; Nikitin, Jura-Ablagerungen an der oberen Wolga.
p. 59. 1904. Cardioceras — — ; Ilovai'sky, L'Oxfordien et le Sequanien etc. p. 272;
PI. 11, figs. 6-7.
Some specimens of this extremely variable species were found in "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island in the blue-gray, calcareous and micaceous sandstone. They are all more or less imperfect and in part much compressed. A well-preserved and practically complete imprint shows short, but well-marked ribs only in the neighbourhood of the external side on the beginning of the last of the whorls pre- served, but the sides are smooth ; later, ribs also appear on the edge of the umbilicus; these ribs become stronger and stronger, continuing over the side and in the end joining on to the first-mentioned ribs, which at the end curve strongly forwards and disappear before reaching the ridge, so that the latter is bounded on each side by a smooth band. The number of ribs externally is almost double that on the umbilical margin, as a short rib is as a rule inserted on the outside towards the periphery between each two of the ribs, which start from the umbilical edge. The latter ribs show more or less distinctly a thickening, which lies almost midway on the side, though a little nearer the external side. The ridge is very finely dentated. The greatest diameter of this specimen is 31 mm and the greatest height of the whorl 14 mm. In the whole of its sculpture it shows a considerable resemblance to the specimens of C. Volgae Pavl., described by P. (i. Khause and found in the Kimmeridgian in East Prussia;1 but it is distinct from this in that especially the insertion of the secondary ribs is more regular and the dentation of the ridge much finer.
In addition to Ibis specimen we have a couple of compressed
1 P. G. Khause: Ueber Diluvium, Tertiar, Kreide und Jura in der Heilsberger Tiefbobrung. p. 241; PI. 3, figs. 1—4. — Jahrb. Preuss. geolog. Landesanst. Bd. 29. Berlin 1908.
..^»ljlfcj
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 4cS7
specimens of similar dimensions, which seem to be nearly related to it. This is also the case with a small cast, which shows the suture-line very distinctly. This line is simple on the whole and forms a broad external lobe, which is divided by a short, but broad siphonal saddle. After the external lobe comes the broad,
........ -i , ! ,. mi r> . i i Flff.2. The suture-line of
slightly bilobed external saddle. The iirst lateral carnotaxu alternant v. lobe is deep, rather narrow and ends in '.i points, lil<;" sp- He'Rht <>i the
1 l whorl it mm.
the middle one being comparatively long. The
iirst lateral saddle is fairly broad and quite slightly bilobed. The
second lateral lobe is very short and small and has but few, faint
teeth. The second lateral saddle is likewise very small and only
slightly indented. The remaining part of the suture-line is somewhat
indistinct.
Three other specimens from the same locality have ribs, which are unusually strong, especially in the middle of the sides and in the neighbourhood of the external side ; they agree well with speci- mens from Skodde Bay in Nova Zeinbla, which I have seen in the Stockholm Hiksmuseuin. This is also the case with 2 specimens, found in loose-lying sandstones at "4. Ssenkning" on Store Koldewey Island.
A couple of imprints in the yellowish, fine-grained sandstone from Muschelberg on Hochstetter's Foreland likewise belong to this species. One of the imprints is to some extent complete and is very similar to the first-mentioned imprint from "Kloft I" on Store Kolde- wey ; the ribs however are on the whole more distinct on the sides, especially on the older parts of the shells.
Distribution. North -East Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey (8 spec). In loose-lying sandstones at "4. Ssenkning" on the same island (2 spec). — Hochstetter's Foreland (2 spec).
Europe: this species has a wide distribution on the boundary between the Oxford and Kimmeridgian deposits.
66. Cardioceras Nathorsti Lundgren sp. PI. XXXV, fig. 10.
1883. Ammonites (Amaltheus) Nctthorsti Lundghex, Jura- und Trias-Fossilien. p. 6;
PI. 1, figs. 1-2.
Some incomplete, more or less compressed casts from the "Klofl II" agree quite well with Lindghen's description and figures of this species. — Thus, the shell has also originally been greatly com- pressed. The ribs are frequently unbranched, fairly strong and sharp; on the sides they are only slightly bent ; on the external side they curve somewhat abruptly forwards and disappear before they reach
4,S,S J- p- J- Havn.
the keel, so that this is hounded on both sides by a smooth band.
The keel is well-developed and very finely dentated; the number of
teeth is far in excess of that of the ribs. The suture-line is fairly strongly den- tated; the first lateral lobe is deep and ends in 3 points, the middle one being much longer than the others; the second lateral lobe is very short.
A single fragment from "Kloft I"
Fig. li. The suture-line of Cardiocerai ... .. , . „„„„.i
Nathorsti Ldobk. sP. Height of the agrees with the above specimens in regard
whori 21 mm. to the sculpture; on the other hand, the
suture-line is perhaps somewhat different.
A small, less well-preserved specimen of a Cardioceras from
"4. Sajnkning" may perhaps be referred to this species, owing to the
densely placed ribs and the fine dentation of the keel.
Distribution. North -East Greenland: "Kloft 1" on Store Koldewey (1 spec.?). "Kloft If" on the same island (3 spec). In loose-lying boulder at "4. Stenkning" likewise on Store Koldewey Island (1 spec.?).
Spit zbergen : Sequanian-Kimmeridgian.
(57. Cardioceras sp. PL XXXV, fig 11.
A fairly complete, but not quite well-preserved imprint of an Ammonite must be referred to one or other species of the genus Cardioceras. It was found at "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island along with C. alternans. From this it is distinguished especially by the fact, that the ribs on the youngest part of the shell are very much raised on the middle of the side and form here a marked row of nodes; a similar row, but with smaller nodes, occurs on the umbilical edge; uppermost on the side the ribs are likewise strongly developed and inclined forwards. There seems to be a considerable resemblance with the form, which Ilovaisky (1. c, p. 272, PI. 11, fig. 6) describes and figures under the name of C. cf. alternans Bitch and considers as a transition form between a variety of C. cordatnm Sow. and C. alternans. But in this form the ribs are somewhat denser and their uppermost part (nearest the keel) not so sharply bent. The dentation of the keel, on the other hand, seems to be quite similar.
(58. Quenstedtoceras (?) sp. PI. XXXVI, fig. 4.
A small fragment of an Ammonite belongs perhaps to a species of this genus. It was found in the free-lying brownish sandstone
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 489
down from "Tnekpasset" on Store Koldewey Island at a height of 5(1 m ahove the sea.
The shell has heen somewhat involute with inflated whorls. The breadth of the whorl far exceeds its height ; the external outline from edge to edge of the umbilicus is very approximately a semicircle; the older whorls have heen relatively higher. Edge of the umbilicus not sharply marked. The ribs strong, especially in the neighbourhood of the edge of the umbilicus; a few divide into two a little below the middle of the side; at other places a newr rib is inserted. In the cases of dichotomy the two ribs do not unite again on the other side, but join on to the rib respectively before and behind. From the umbilicus to the umbilical edge the ribs are bent somewhat backwards; then they bend forwards and on the external part form a distinct arch bent forwards; they course over the external part without interruption.
Height of the whorl 20 mm, breadth 29 mm.
The available fragment has a no slight resemblance to an Ammo- nite, which Lahx'sen (1. c, PI. 4, fig. 11) figures under the name of ('.(irdiocerax carinalum ElCHW., but the material is too incomplete for a certain determination.
. 09. Cosmoceras boreale n. sp. PI. XXXVI. figs. 5 and (i.
The shell with rather small umbilicus and with inflated whorls; the older whorls lower and thicker than the younger. The slope down towards the umbilicus short, but steep. The thickness of the whorl increasing from the edge of the umbilicus; its greatest thickness at about 1 3rd of the distance from the umbilical edge to the ex- ternal side ; here a spiral row of small, pointed nodes. The region from this up to the external side convex. The external side itself with a distinct furrow. The sides covered with rather fine, sharp ribs, beginning right down at the umbilicus and directed some- what forwards. No marked nodes on the umbilical edge, but here the ribs are spe- cially strong. Dichotomy of all the ribs at the lowermost row of nodes; at the same Vi(, 4. suture-line of Cosmoceras height sometimes insertion of new ribs. '""'''"'•' "■ •»■ Hel*5ht of tnc
. . whorl 8 mm.
Never junction of ribs at the external edges;
on the other hand, the ribs here as a rule somewhat swollen, but without any true formation of nodes. No appreciable weakening of the ribs in the external furrow. — The suture-line dentated compara- tively coarsely; the external lobe rather narrow; the first lateral lobe with one point, of the same length as the external lobe.
4i)(t J. P. J- Ravn.
The most complete specimen has the following dimensions: diameter 21 mm; greatest height of the whorl 9 mm, thickness 8-5 mm; width of the umbilicus (5mm; distance between the external edges 2mm.
In sculpture the species described resembles C. Jason Rein., but the whorls are lower and thicker; further, nodes at the umbilical edge are practically wanting. It resembles more a shell from Swistowo (Gouv. Rjasan), which Lahusen (1. c, PI. <>, fig. 8) has figured under the name of C. Gowerianum Sow. To judge from the figure, however, this shell has a considerably wider umbilicus and the transverse section of the whorl is more hexagonal; further, the row of nodes on the sides lies here more to the middle of the flanks. On the other hand, there is fairly good agreement between the sutnre-line in the Greenland species and in C. (ioioerianum, which Lahusen (1. c, PI. 7, lig. 1) ligures; but this latter is somewhat more finely dentated, which is perhaps due however to its belonging to an older specimen. Agreement is also shown in the fact, among others, that the first lateral lobe is not deeper than the external lobe, as is usually the case in the genus Cosmoceras.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: in the loose-lying, brownish sandstone, found at 50 m above the sea on Store Koldewey Island down from "Trsekpasset" (8 spec).
70. Kepplerites Tychonis n. sp. PI. XXXVII, fig. 1.
Large, discoidal shell with fairly wide umbilicus. The whorls growing very slowly, greatly overlapping; but the last whorl becoming gradually less and less so. Height of the inner whorls almost the same as their thickness; the height of the order on the other hand greater. Edge of the umbilicus specially well-marked, rounded. The flanks but slightly arched. The external side evenly rounded, but distinctly flattened on the innermost whorls, without external furrow. The sculpture on the outer whorls in the form of very numerous, very sharp ribs, originally directed strongly backwards, but already over the edge of the umbilicus inclining slightly forwards, dividing into several branches a little above this and forming flat arches directed forwards over the external portion. — The suture-line unusually strongly dentated with broad saddles and narrow lobes. The external lobe deep and narrow, divided by a very projecting median saddle. The external saddle extremely broad and very deeply incised. The first lateral lobe a little deeper than the external lobe, trilobed. The two lateral saddles broad, but much smaller than the external saddle. The second lateral lobe much shorter than the first lateral lobe. Auxiliarv lobes and saddles small and indistinct.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 491
Greatest diameter 104 mm; width of the umbilicus 32mm; height of the last whorl 39 mm, its thickness ca. 32 mm.
How far a greatly weathered fragment of an Ammonite, found along with the above-described, can be referred to the same species, is somewhat doubtful. The sculpture and suture-line seem to agree, but the whorls are comparatively higher. Further, the external part is flattened even on a whorl with a height of 19 mm, whilst it is uncertain, if this is the case at the same stage in the first-mentioned specimen.
I have been in some doubt, as to whether the species described here should be referred to Macrocephalites or to Kepplerites. In re- ferring it to the latter genus my reason is, that on breaking it in two I succeeded in laying open one of the innermost whorls, and it
Kig.5. The suture-line of Kepplerites TgehonU n.sp. Height of the whorl 2!) mm.
shows a distinct flattening on the external side. Unfortunately, 1 did not succeed in getting the whole flank prepared free, so that I do not know, whether nodes occur here on the points of division of the ribs. This whorl is only 8 mm in diameter. How early this flattening begins and how long it continues, I have not been able to see, nor has it been possible to observe a "Parkinsonia-stage" preceding this "Runcinate-stage"'. This flattening of the external side of the inner whorls along with the striking resemblance between the suture-line and the suture-line of A'. Galilaei Opp. sp., as figured in Neumayk and Uhxk; (I.e., PI. 3, fig. 4 c), seems to me to show, that the species must be referred to the genus Kepplerites.
I have called this species after the famous Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe.
1 Regarding the genus Kepplerites see M. Neumayk und V. Uhi.ig: Ueber die von H. Abicii im Kaukasus gesammelten Jurafossilien. p. 53. — Denkschr. der k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Math.-naturw. Classe. Bd. 59. Wien 189'.;.
492 J- p- J- Ravn.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: in the loose-lying, hrownish sandstone, occurring 50 m above the sea, down from "Traekpasset" on Store Koldewey Island (1 — 2 spec).
71. Aulacostephanus (?) groenlandicus n. sp.
PI. XXXVII, fig. 3.
About one-quarter of a whorl of an Ammonite may perhaps, as new species, be referred to the genus Aulacostephanus.
The whorl is somewhat deformed by pressure; its sides seem to have been somewhat flattened and its height is a little greater than its breadth. The external side is also somewhat flattened. The whorl thus assumes an oval, slightly square-shaped section. The slope towards the umbilicus is even. The ribs disappear before they reach quite down to the umbilicus; on the edge of the umbilicus and somewhat above this they are very prominent with an indica- tion of a sharp spine or node; at the same time they now bend somewhat forwards, decrease suddenly in size a little below the middle of the flank and course almost in a straight line over the external side. Most of these ribs dichotomize immediately above their strongest part and further, a new rib is inserted almost at the same place, so that for each rib on the umbilical edge there are about 3 ribs on the external side. In the middle of this the ribs become weaker somewhat, and an indication of a furrow is thus formed. Constrictions present. — The suture-line is not quite distinct; it seems to be somewhat strongly dentated and there is a well-marked "Suspensivlobus".
Height of the whorl 20 mm, its breadth 18 mm.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: in free-lying sandstone at the bottom of "Kloft II" on Store Koldewey Island (1 spec).
72. Garnieria pusilla n. sp. PI. XXXVI, figs. 7, 8 and I).
The shell compressed with slightly arched sides and a fairly narrow umbilicus. The slope towards the umbilicus short and steep. The inner whorls low and smooth with rounded external side. When the shell has reached a diameter of ca. 2*5 mm, a keel begins to appear on the external side, and at the same time the whorl be- comes more and more compressed and increases greatly in height. The keel, which is finely dentated, is bounded later by a distinct spiral depression on each side. A number of fairly weak, falciform ribs now appear also, but no nodes. Further, the shell is here covered with numerous, very fine radial striae, inclined forwards very strongly on the outside; these striae reach right up to the keel. —
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland.
493
The suture-line slightly incised. The external lobe broad, not deep. The external saddle low, divided into two, somewhat unequal parts by a small adventitious lobe. The first lateral lobe narrow, but Fairly deep, bifid or trifid. The first lateral saddle more strongly developed than the ex-
3'.
00
c.
>J<r^V
ternal saddle both in breadth and length, almost symmetrical. The second lateral lobe narrow with three points. The second lateral saddle low, irre- gularly lobed. Further, 2 — 3 faintly developed auxiliary lobes.
One of the most complete specimens has a diameter of 8v> mm ; the width of the umbilicus is 1*2 mm, height of the last whorl above the edge ol the umbilicus 4*5 mm; its height above the preceding whorl 3-3 mm. The thickness could only be measured approximately; it is a little over 1*5 mm. Different fragments show, that other specimens have been not a little larger.
Distribution. North-East Greenland: in 3 black calcareous concretions found as boulders at Danmarks Havn, two from Vester- dalen, the third from a place not given (many specimens).
Fig. 6. The suture-line of Garnieriu pusilta n. sp. Height of the whorl: in A 17 mm; in B 3mm; in C 8mm.
Indeterminable fragments or imprints of Ammonites, belonging in part at least to other species than those mentioned, were found at the following localities.
"Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island in the calciferous and mica- ceous sandstone.
"4. Saenkning" on Store Koldewey Island in the loose-lying, blue- gray, calciferous sandstone.
Down from "Trsekpasset" on Store Koldewey Island in a gray, calciferous and micaceous nodule of sandstone, found at a height of 50 m above the sea. — At the same locality, but above the plateau in gray cone-in-cone marl.
River-bed just to the north of Cape Oswald Heer on Hochstetter's Foreland in a light-gray, fine-grained, calcareous and very micaceous sandstone.
494 J- P. J- Ravn.
73. Belemnites Panderianus d'Orbigny.
PL XXXVII, fig. 2.
1842. Belemnites excentricus Blainv. ; d'Orbigny (pars), Paleont. Prang. Terr. jur. I.
p. 120; PL 17, figs. 3 and 7—8. 1845. Panderianus d'Orbigny in Murchison, Verneuil et Keyserling,
Geologie de la Russie d'Europe. II. p. 423; PL 30. figs. 1- 5 and 7—11. 1881. d'Orb. ; Nikitin, Jura von Elatma. p. 48.
1802. Panderi d'Orr. ; Pavi.ow et Lamplugh, Argiles de Speeton etc. p. 246.
Some well-preserved fragments of 3 different rostra belong with certainty to this species. — On the underside of the apex there is a well-marked furrow, which however soon becomes feebler and dis- appears 1*5 — 2 cm before the point of the rostrum, merging here gradually into the flattened underside of the rostrum; in the alveolar region the flattening disappears. Further, the hindmost part of the rostrum is greatly compressed, so that the section here is rounded- rectangular; in the alveolar region the section is more rounded- trapezoidal. The apical line lies very excentrically, especially in the posterior part of the rostrum.
The largest fragment (posterior part of rostrum) is 55 mm long and shows at its front end no trace as yet of the alveolus; the dorsoventral diameter is here 15'5 mm, the transversal 15 mm; at a distance of 29 mm from the point of the rostrum the same dimen- sions are respectively 13-5 and 13 mm. In a second specimen the measurements at a distance of 38 mm from the point of the rostrum are respectively 16 and 14-5 mm.
A loose-lying cast of an alveolus is present from the same locality as the above fragments of rostra; its dorsoventral angle is ca. 24°, the transversal ca. 22°. This perhaps also belongs to B. Panderianus.
Distribution. North -East Greenland: "Kteft I" on Store Koldewey Island (3 — 4 spec).
Russia: from the zone with Quenstedtoceras Lamberti to the zone with Cardioceras alternans.
74. Belemnites breviaxis A. Pavlow.
1842. Belemnites excentricus Blainv.; d'Orbigny (pars), Paleont. Franc. Terr. jur. I.
p. 120: PL 17, figs. 1-2. 1849. — — ; Quenstedt, Die Cephalopoden. p. 42(i; PL 27,
fig. 5. 1865. abbreviatus Phillips, British Belemnitidae. V. p. 124; PL 34, figs. 84—85.
1892. breoiaxis Pavlow et Lamplugh, Argiles de Speeton etc. p. 247;
PI. 8, fig. 7.
A fairly complete rostrum seems to belong to this species, as it agrees quite well with Pavlow's description. The extreme point with a part of the alveolar region is wanting.
On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland. 495
The posterior part of the rostrum is distinctly compressed and the underside is flattened, so that a section here is somewhat rounded- quadrilateral with the greatest breadth down towards the underside; this section still has the rostrum in the posterior part of the alveolar region, whilst the section further forward is very nearly circular. The apical line lies very excentrically. The alveolus is very deep, as it has certainly occupied more than half of the whole length of the rostrum; its angle is ca. 22°.
The portion of the rostrum preserved is 98 mm long ; at the point about 5 mm are wanting and at the alveolar end ca. 30 mm, so that the whole length has been ca. 133 mm, of which the alveolus has taken up at least 70 mm. At the point of the alveolus the dorso- ventral diameter is 22%") mm, the transversal 22 mm. The apical line lies here 7 mm from the underside and 15-5 mm from the upper side. At a distance of 35 mm in front of the point of the alveolus both the dorsoventral and transversal diameters are 235 mm. The width of the alveolus is here 12 mm.
Distribution. North -East Greenland: "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island (1 spec).
Russia: in the zone with Cardioceras cordatum and C. alter- nans.
From the tenting-ground 3/V 1907 on Store Koldewey Island there are two disconnected fragments of a Belemnite, which in form and position of the axis seem to agree well with B. magnificus d'Okb., but the material is too incomplete lor a certain determination. The fragments were found in a fine-grained, light-gray, very micaceous sandstone. The one fragment shows the posterior part of the alveolus, the angle of which is ca. 23° (measured dorsoventrally)1. On the surface of the same fragment there is a quantity of oblong, compara- tively deep, small pits, which greatly resemble those produced by Polydora in Mollusc shells of the present day. These pits are filled with sandstone and must therefore have been formed before this rostrum has been deposited in the sand. — From another locality on Store Koldewey Island, the tenting-ground 8/VI 1907, there is a couple of fragments of two different Belemnite species, certainly different from those mentioned above. In the one species the rostrum is very strongly compressed and the apical line very excentric, whilst the rostrum in the other is almost circular in section with a slight flattening on the ventral side, and the apical line is considerably
1 Zinc-blende occurs in the innermost part of the alveolus.
496 J- p- J- Raw.
less excentric. — Further, from "Kloft I" on Store Koldewey Island there is the outermost end of a blunt-ended rostrum, which un- fortunately is indeterminable. It lies in the usual sandstone of this locality, in which B. breviaxis was also found. — Lastly, at the tenting-ground 22/V 1908 (a little south of Haystack) the Expedition found a free-lying, brownish sandstone containing a very badly preserved and thus indeterminable, alveolar end of a Belemnite.
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Moscou. 1826—40. Goldfuss, A. : Petrefacta Germaniae. I HI. Dusseldorf. 1904. Ilovai'sky, D. : L'Oxfordien et le Sequanien des gouvernements de Moscou et
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On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North East Greenland. 497
1850 63. Morris and Lycett: A Monograph of the Mollusca from the Great Oolite. —
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1908. Aucellen voin Timan und von Spitzbergen. Mem. Comite geol. Nouv. Ser. Livraison 36. St. Petersbourg.
1895. Stanton, T. W. : Contributions to the Cretaceous Paleontology of the Pacific
Coast. The Fauna of the Knoxville beds. - Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey.
No. 133. Washington. 1895. Stremoouchow, M. D. : Note sur la Posidonomya Buchi, Boemeh, des schistes
de Balaclava en Crimee. - Bull. Soc. des Naturalistes de Moscou. Annee
1895. Nouv. Serie. Vol. 9. Moscou 1896. *1878. Struckmann, C. : Der obere Jura der Umgegend von Hannover. Hannover. 1874. Toi:la, F. : Beschreibung mesozoischer Versteinerungen von der Kuhn-Insel. —
Zweite deutsche Nordpolarfahrt. Bd. II. Leipzig.
498 J- P. J- Ravn. On Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils from North-East Greenland.
1861. Trautschold, H.: Recherches geologiques aux environs de Moscou. Bull. Soc.
des Naturalistes de Moscou. Tome 35. Moscou. 1881. Tuixberg, S. A.: Ueber Versteinerungen aus den Aucellen-Schichten Novaja-
Semljas. — Bihang til Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl. Bd. 6. Stockholm. 1902. Waagen, L.: Der Formenkreis des Oxytoma inaequivalve Soweuby. - Jahrb.
d. k. k. geolog. Reichsanst. Bd. S (1901). Wien. 1884. White, Ch. A.: On mesozoic Fossils. Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey. No. 4.
Washington. 1900. Wollemann, A.: Die Bivalven und Gastropoden des deutschen und hollandischen
Neocoms. -- Abhandl, preuss. geol. Landesanst. Neue Folge. Heft 31.
Berlin. 1881—85. Zittel, K. A. : Handbuch der Palaontologie. II. Munchen und Leipzig.
(The treatises, marked with *, have not been accessible to me.)
INDEX.
page Amberlega groenlandica a. sp 482
Jasicofiana d'Orb. sp 482
Aporrhais sp. (I) 484
- (II) 485
Astarte alta n. sp 473
— minima Phii.l 472
retrotracta Roitill 473
— striato-costata MO 471
Aucella Bronni Lah 455
— concentrica Fisch 461
— crassicollis Keys 45!)
— kirghisensis Sok 455
— mosquensis v. BUCB sp 457
— piriformis Lah 4(i0 .
— cfr. reticulata Ldgrn 456
— Sinzovi Pavi 456
tenuistriata Lah 458
sp 450
Aulacostephanus (?) groenlandicus n. sp 492
Belemnites breviaxis \. Pavl 494
— Pandcrianus d'Orb 494
Cardioceras alternans v. Buch sp 486
— Nathorsti Ldgrn. sp 487
sp 488
Chemnitzia hamptonensis Morr. & Lyc 484
undulata ToiXB. sp 483
Cosmoceras borealc n. sp 489
Cyprina cfr. inconspicua Lindstr 479
— kharoschovensis Rouill 478
— cfr. mosquensis d'Orb 478
— Panderi RouiIX. sp 480
— Sgssollac Keys 479
Dentalium nodulosum Ldgrn 481
Garnieria pusilla a. sp 492
Gervilleia sp [lY.i
Goniomga sp 481
Kepplerites Tgchonis n. sp 49(1
Lucina substriata Roem.7 476
Lgtoceras polare n. sp 485
500 Index.
Macrodon Hagenii n. sp 470
— Kegserlingii d'Obb. sp 469
— Mijlii n. sp 470
— Schourovskii Rouill. sp 409
Modiola hannoverana Struckm. ? 468
— Strajeskiana d'Orb. sp 467
— sp 468
Xatica sp 482
Ostrea sp 467
Oxytoma inaeguivalvis Sow 454
Pecten Broenlundi n. sp H>.~>
— cingulatus Phili. 464
— demissus Bean 463
— erraticus Fieb.? 464
— sp 466
— sp 466
Pentagonaster (?) sp 453
Perna groenlandica n. sp 462
Pinna sp 462
Pleuromya peregrina d'Orb. sp 480
Posidonomija ornati Quenst. sp 462
Protocardia sp 477
Pseudomonotis (?) sp 454
Quenstedtoceras (?) sp 488
Rhynchonella sp 453
Serpula cfr. convoluta Goldf 453
— sp 453
Tancredia axiniformis Phill. sp 475
— curtansata Phill. sp 474
— Jarneri n. sp 475
— planata Mobb. & Lyc 474
Terebratula sp 453
Turritella sp 483
Yoldia sp 469
Erratum.
Page 458, 7th line, for "Klatft II" read "KLaft I".
Plate XXXII.
PLATE XXXII.
Fig. 1. Oxytoma inaequivalvis Sow., var. macroptera Roem. x 2. "4. Ssenkning".
— 2 a — c. Aucella kiryhisensis Sok. "Kloft I".
— 3 a — c. — Sinzooi Pavl. "Kloft I",
— 4 a — b. — cfr. reticulata Ldgrn. Vesterdalen.
— 5. — lironui Lah. "Kloft I".
— 6 a — b. mosquensis v. Buch. Harefjseld.
— 7. — teuifislriala Lah. VTesterdalen.
— 8 a — b. — crassicollis Keys. Aucellabjerget.
— 9 a — b & 10. Aucella conceutrica Fisch. Fig. 9, a left valve;
Fig. 10, a right valve. Aucellabjerget.
— 11a — b & 12 a — b. Aucella piriformis Lah. Fig. 11, a right valve;
Fig. 12, a left valve. Aucellabjerget.
The figures are of the natural size, except where otherwise stated. All the specimens figured are preserved in the Mineralogical Mu- seum of the University, Copenhagen.
Medd om Ghonl. XLV. Nr. 10. [J. P. J. Ravn!
Pl. XXXII
9 b
H. V. Westergaard del.
12 b Pacht & Crone pholotijp.
Plate XXXIII.
PLATE XXXIII.
Figs. 1 a— b. Aucella sp. ; a left valve. Aucellabjerget.
— 2 — 3. Posidonomya ornoli Quenst. sp. x 2. Down from "Traik-
passet".
— 4 & 5 a — c. Perna groenlandica n. sp. "Kloft I".
— fi. Tancredia curtansata Phill. sp. "4. Ssenkning".
— 7. Pecten (Entolimn) cinyulatus Phill, Down from "Trsekpasset".
— 8. — demissus Phill. Harefjaeld.
— 9 a — b. Modiolu Strajeskiana d'Orb. sp. "Kloft I".
— 10. Tancredia planata MORR. iS Ltc. "4. Ssenkning".
— 11. Astarte striato-costata Mi. "Kloft I".
The figures are of the natural size, except where otherwise stated. All the specimens figured are preserved in the Mineralogical Mu- seum of the University, Copenhagen.
Medu om Grbnl. XLV. Nh. 10. [J. P. J. KavnI
Pl. XXXIII
H. V. Weslriqaard del.
i'aclit S: Crone fthototijp.
Plate XXXIV.
PLATE XXXIV.
Figs. 1 a — c. Macrndon Mijlii n. sj>. Middle sandstone region on Store Koldewey.
— 2 a — b. Astarte alta n. sp. "Kloft I".
— 3 a — 1) & 4. Macrodon Hagenii n. sp. Fig. 3 a, x 3. Middle sand-
stone region on Store Koldewey.
— 5 a — b & (i. Pecten fCamptonectes) Broenlundi n. sp. Fig. 5, a left
valve; Fig. <>, a right valve. "Kloft I".
The figures are of the natural size, except where otherwise stated. All the specimens figured are preserved in the Mineralogies] Mu- seum of the University, Copenhagen.
Mbdd dm Ghoni.. XLV. Nr. 10. [J. P.. I. Ravnj
MM
I a
Pl. XXXIV
/ b
2a
1c
m
vWr^
3 b
2b
H. V. Westergaard del.
Pacht &■ Crone t>hototyj>.
Plate XXXV.
Plate XXXV.
Fig. 1. Tancredia axinifornris Phill. sp. "Kloft I".
— 2 a — c. Cyprina cfr. mosquensis d'Okb. "Kloft I".
— 3 a — b. Tancredia Jarneri n. sp. "Kloft II".
— 4. Cyprina kharoschovensis Rouill. Top of Muschelberg.
— 5 a — b. Amberleya groenlandica n. sp. x 2. Down from "Trask-
passet".
— o. Cyprina Syssollae Keys. "Kloft I".
— 7. TnrriteUa sp. "Kloft II".
— 8. Chemnitzia hamptonensis MORR. & Lyc. x 2. "4. Sajnkning".
— 9 a — b. Lytoceras polare n. sp. Vesterdalen.
— 10. Cardioceras Nathorsti Ldgrn. sp. ? "4. Ssenkning".
— 11. — sp. "Kloft I".
The figures are of the natural size, except where otherwise stated. All the specimens iigured are preserved in the Mineralogical Mu- seum of the University, Copenhagen.
Mbdij. <>m Ghoni.. XLV. Nr. 10. [J. P. J. Havnj
Fl. XXXV
<*
2 a
-2b
5a
9b
H. V. Westergaard del.
V
2c
3a
illh}
to
5b
t'acht £• Crone phototyp.
Plate XXXVI.
Plate XXXVI.
Figs. 1 — '6. Cardioceras alternans v. Buch sp. "Kloft I".
— _ 4 a — c. Quenstedtoceras (?) sp. Down from "Trsekpasset".
— 5 a — b & 6 a — b. Cosmoceras boreale n. sp. Down from "Traek-
passet".
— 7, 8 & 9 a— c. Garnieriu pusilla n. sp. Figs. 7 & 8, X 3; Fig. 9,
X ca. 25. Vesterdalen.
The figures are of the natural size, except where otherwise stated. All the specimens figured are preserved in the Mineralogical Mu- seum of the University, Copenhagen.
Medo. on Ghonl. XLV. Nr. 10. [J. P. J. RavnJ
Pl. XXXVI
^SBSI'
IP
0 „ II. V. Weslrrgaard del.
fc
5a
i
6b
5b
9 c Pachl A Cronr phototgp.
Plate XXXVII.
PLATE XXXVII.
Figs. 1 a — e. Kepplerites Tychonis n. sp. Figs, d & e, one of the in- nermost whorls, x ca. 2lh. Down from "Traekpasset".
— 2 a — c. Belemnites Panderianus d'Orb. Fig. b, ventral view;
Fig. c, lateral] view. "Kloft I".
— 3 a — c. Anlacostephanus (?) groenlandicus n. sp. "Kloft II".
The figures are of the natural size, except where otherwise stated. All the specimens figured are preserved in the Mineralogical Mu- seum of the University, Copenhagen.
Medo om Gbom.. XLV. Nb. 10. .1. P. J. Ravn
Pl. XXXVII
II. V. Westerguiinl del,
Sc
Pachl & Crone pholotyp.
Plate XXXVIII.
PLATE XXXVIII.
Map-sketch over a part of North-East Greenland, drawn from the map made hy Capt. .1. P. Koch, on which are indicated those localities, where Jurassic ;ind Cretaceous fossils were found hy the Danmark Expedition.
These localities are (from N. to S.) the following:
Germania Land: Vesterdalen.
Harefjaild, hetween Vesterdalen and Danmarks
Havn.
Danmarks Havn.
Store Koldewey Island: K loft I. I _. ..
1 he northern sandstone Kloft II.
region. 4. Saenkning. )
The middle sandstone region between the N. Gneiss Naze and the S. Gneiss Naze.
Down from Traekp asset. This locality belongs to the southern sandstone region.
Aucellabjerget. Hochstetters Foreland: Muschelberg.
Jl/kdd. on Grdnlani.inr. tf° 10. (J PJ Ravn).
pl mm
75°
20° vest f.Grw
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