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ON THE

LYSIAXASSA MAGELLANICA H. Milne Edwards,

AND

ON THE CRUSTACEA OF THE SUBORDER

AMPHIPODA

AND SUBFAMILY

LYSIANASSINA

FOUND AN THE COAST OF SWEDEN AND NORWAY.

BY

\* il I S % *B II 11,1 I Oti>[((.

PBOFESBOB "l /. .. in ii. v.

WITH 5 PLATES.

-#>•«&

UPSALA

THE ROY. ACAD. PRESS.

MDCCCLXV.

J- lie Lysianassa magdlanica is one of the most remarkable Amphipods on
account of its unusual size. In this respect indeed it surpasses all other
animals of the same suborder, and is sometimes cited as an example of the
size to which this suborder of Crustacea can attain. These in fact seldom reach
the length of 1 inch, whereas the Lysianassa magellanica is more than 3
inches long and is moreover of stout form and strongly built. We know of
a species of the family Hyperidce, the Cystosoma Neptwni Guerin-Men'EVII-LE,
from the Indian Ocean, the individuals of which are more than 3 inches
long, but their form is much slighter; and a species of the family Oxyce-
phalidcB, Rhabdosoma. armatum White, found between Aniboina & Van Die-
mens land, which attains a length of 4 y, inches, but the form of the body
is almost threadlike. The Lysianassa magellanica may therefore be justly
considered as the largest of all yet known Amphipoda.

Another circumstance renders it still more remarkable and that is
its extensive geographical distribution. It has been briefly described by
H. Milne Edwards *), who says, that it was found by D'Orbigny in the
belly of a fish near Cape Horn, and was by that naturalist presented to the
Museum of the Jardin des Plantes at Paris. It was accordingly a matter
of considerable surprise when last autumn Mr Tn. M. Fries 2). Junior Pro-
fessor of Botany, brought hither from the Norwegian Finmarken and pre-
sented to the Zoological Museum of this University three specimens of that
rare Amphipod, with certain testimony, that he had received tliem from a
shipper in Hammcrfest, who had found them in the belly of an "Haaskier-

') Annates des Sciences naturelles 3rd Series, Zoology. Tome 9. 1848 p. 398,
without drawings. — C. Spence Hate (Catalogue of the specimens of Amphipodous
Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum, 1862, p. 66. Tab. X. fig. 5) has
since described and figured it after a drawing communicated by M. Lucas. But neither
the description nor the drawing is good, and the author cited seems not to have
been aware of Milne Edwards' previous description.

2) We desire hereby iu the name of our Science to express our thankfulness
to Mr. Tn. Fries both for this and for several other similar valuable presents.

4 W. LlLLJEBORG,

ding" (Scymnus borealis (Scoresby) Nilsson, on the banks by Beeren Is-
land. The discovery of so highly developed an animal common to botli the
Arctic and Antarctic Oceans, was something so uncommon that it caused
us to doubt the acuracy of Milne Edwards' statement as regards the lo-
cality, Cape Horn, and to suspect that the specimen described by that
author might perhaps have been obtained in the French Scientific Expedition
to Spitzbergen, under P. Gaimahd 1838 — 1840. In order fully to ascer-
tain this we have in a letter to Prof. H. Milne Edwards communicated the
fact that the Lysianassa magellanica has been found in the neighbourhood
of Spitzbergen, and we appended a drawing of the same to compare with
the specimen in the Paris Museum, and asked whether the alleged locality,
Cape Horn, were perfectly reliable. Mr. Milne Edwards replied through his
Son Mr. Alphonse Milne Edwards that our drawing was on comparison
found to correspond exactly with the specimen referred to, ("ce me parait
etre bien la meme espece et jc n'ai pu y trouver aucune difference appre-
ciable") moreover that it was certainly true, that that specimen had been
brought by D'OllBlGNY from the Strait of Magellan, and is entered in his spe-
cial catalogue of his natural-historical collections from that region.

This animal is then widely distributed both in the Arctic and Ant-
arctic Oceans, and as it has only been met with in the stomachs of fishes
it seems probable that it is only to be found at a considerable depth. Its
tolerably large size and rapid motion render it difficult to catch with the
so-called dredge ("bottenskrapa" Swed.), and it has not, as we have been
kindly informed by Professor S. Loven, been met with in the Swedish
scientific expeditions to Spitzbergen.

Its being found in both the Polar seas, and not in the intermediate
waters, — which however is not a unique phoenomenon — is without doubt
a matter of deep scientific interest. It shows either that the same species
may have several centres of origination and geographical distribution, or
else that there have been periods in the developement of the earth, when
certain species of animals & vegetables were, in consequence of uniform
temperature and similar climatical relations, spread over the whole earth,
which, on a subsequent variation of these circumstances, have retired to
tracts and regions where tin; original and to them appropriate climate &
temperature continued to prevail It is thus that the appearance of the La-
gomu tdpina Nilsson on the fells of Lappland, on the Alps & on the Py-
renees, but not in the interjacent lowlands has been explained. There has

On the Lysianassa magellanica etc. 5

been a glacial-period which has connected the faunas of these now widely
separated tracts.

Between the faunas and floras of the Arctic and Antarctic regions, it
is generally known that there prevails, a certain correspondence, so that one
not nnfrequently meets in both with representatives of the same family &
genus, but it is extremely rare to find in both representatives of the same
species, and the instances hitherto recorded appear most generally the result
of confounding different species. As regards animalia vertebrata we with
certainty know of only one species ') common to both zones, and among land-
animals not one common distinguishing genus occurs. Among these the ge-
nera which are represented in both zones are in general of a eosmopolitical
nature. It is among the inhabitants of the seas that we find examples of
an agreement between the zones. Within the class of Mammalia such an
example occurs among the Phocidae in the genus Ci/tfophora NlLSSON, al-
though that genus includes a species from the West-Indian seas. From
the Arctic Ocean we have the species Cystophora cristata (Erxl.) and from
the Antarctic Cystophora leonina (Lin.) or proboscidea (Desm.) Nils., which
however has by J. E. Gray, though apparently without sufficient reason,
been considered a separate genus, Morunga. Within the same class we
have among the Cetacea the genus Delphinaptervs or Beluga with two spe-
cies: D. leucas (Pallas) from the Arctic and JJ. Kingii (J. E. Gray) from
the Antarctic Ocean.

The feathered vertebrata or birds which on their swift wings move
to distant tracts with great rapidity, not unfrequcntlv afford, as might be
expected, examples of a very extensive geographical dispersion, and we
find in the Arctic zone many species common to Europe, Asia and North
America, which have been termed circumpolars, and others that are extended
from the polar circles to the Equatorial regions. Nevertheless perhaps not

') Otus braehyotus has been mentioned by r'Orbigny as found at the Strait
of Magellan, but Gould considers it to be a different species and calls it Otus Gala-
pagotmsis as also occurring in the neighbourhood of the Galapagos Isles (Voyage of
Beaglel, but Sciilegel has since (Museum des Pays-Bas) quoted that form, marking
it however with a note of interrogation, under the name of Otus brachyotus. D'Ok-
b.igny has also taken up the ProceUaria glaciates as found in the Strait of Magellan,
but it has since been found to be of a distinct species, and has even been referred
to another genus, lludassoica Reichenbach, Thalass. glacialoides Reich. Bomip. D'Or-
bigny has further stated that Hirundo rustica, urlica and riparia as well as Totanus
fuscus are found in Patagonia, but in this also he appears to have confounded dif-
ferent species.

6 W. LlLLJEBORG,

more than one species can be named, that is common both to the Arctic
and Antarctic zones. This is the Falco peregrinus Lath., which has in-
deed received several different specitic names, as the slight varieties of co-
lour which it displays in widely separated localities, have by some ornitho-
logists been looked upon as indicating different species, though for our
own part we cannot but agree with Schlegel ') in considering these as me-
rely local varieties. The variety that occurs in North & South America has
been called Falco anatum Bonap., and the Australian form has been named
Falco mebinogenys GOULD.

The fishes found in the fresh waters of Patagonia consist, it ap-
pears, only of two or three species of the Salmonoid family, as is also the
case with the fresh water fish belonging to the most northern fauna.

Among the section of Mollusca are some instances which present the
phoenomenon of an extensive geographical distribution, though their capabi-
lities for locomotion are very limited. Thus for example the Tercbratnla
caput serpentis is found from Spitsbergen to the Mediterranean and on the
eastern coast of North America, and the Rhynchonella Psittacea from Spitz-
bergen and Greenland to England. Massachussets and Sitcha on the western
coast of N. America. Some species c. g. Secxicava arctica, 1 emts pullastra
and Pecten purio are found both on our northern coasts and at the Cape of
Good Hope though not in the intermediate tropical regions. We may per-
haps be able to show with certainty any species distinctly belonging to
the Arctic Zone, which also occurs in the Antarctic, though one or two
peculiar genera have been found that have their representatives in both
Zones. Hronn *) states that the species of Litnaeina which belongs to the
south Polar Ocean can not be distinguished from the Limacitta arctiea be-
longing to the northern, but it has by WOODWARD 8) been classed as a se-
parate species with the, name Limaeina antarctica. That genus has no re-
presentatives in the intermediate seas. The same is the ease with the ge-
nus of PunctureUa, which embraces two Species, of which the one belongs
to the arctic the other to the antarctic seas (in the neighbourhood of Tierra
del Fuego). Of the genus Clio we have in the northern Polar Seas the CHo
borealis, which is there found in such plenty as to constitute a considerable

portion of the Greenland Whale's food. Passing over the intermediate oceans

') Museum des Pay-Bas. 1 Livraisim. Falconcs. p. 1.

') Klassen unci Orel nun yen des Thierreiche. 3. Bd. p. 648.

*) Manual of the Mollusca p. L'uT.

ON THE LYSIANASSA MAGELLANICA ETC. 7

that genus is according to Woodward represented in the Antarctic Ocean
by some few species, but according to H. & A. Adams1) by only one, the
Clio anstralis Brug. The genus of Buccinum, including about 20 typical
species, also belongs only to the arctic and antarctic seas. The same is
the case with the genus Trophon, containing about 14 species, the chief
part of which are from the Northern Seas (Woodward).

The Bryozoa often present examples of more widely spread geo-
graphical distribution than other animals of the lower section, and of these
the same species have been occasionally met with in both the arctic and
antarctic seas. Thus for example the Retepora celhdosa, which is not un-
common in our arctic region, has by Ross been found at a depth of 1620
feet in the South Polar-Sea 2), Lepralia Malusi Busk, at Cape Horn, in
the Mediterranean and in northern Europe, and Flustra foliacea Esper in
the Southern Ocean and in Northern Europe 3).

The difference between the Crustacea, which strictly belong to the
Arctic & Antarctic Zones, is not so great as that between them and those
which are found in the warmer seas, but we know as yet of only 2 species
common to both, both of the lowest group, and only a few peculiars genera
common to both Zones. Our knowledge af the Crustacea of the Antarctic Re-
gions is however as yet so imperfect as not at present to justify the utte-
ring of a decided opinion on the relation, that may exist between the ant-
arctic & the arctic Zones in this matter. The following genera are common
to both zones. Order Podophthalmia: LithoJes Latr., Munida Leach,
Euphausia Dana4). Suborder Amphipoda: Orchestia Leach, Anonyx
KroYER, Ijihimedia H. RATHKE, Atylus LEACH, Amphithoe LEACH, 1 ' fyperia
Latreille, Themisto Guerin-Meneville , Cyamus Lamarck. Suborder Is o-
poda: Idothea EABRIC. , Ghiptonolm EIGHTS, 1'orcellio LATR., Oniscus LlN.,
Jaera Leach, Sphaeroma LATR. 5); Order Copepoda: Cetochilus ROUS-

') The genera of recent Molluscn. T. 1. pag. 62.
2) Bronn: Klassen und Ordnungen etc. 3 Bd. p. 90.
s) Ibid. p. 92.

4) Mr Th. Fries has kindly presented to our University's Zoological Museum
some specimens of a Schizopod that appears to constitute a link uniting the Eapktauia
Dana with the Thysanopoda M. Edwards, found by him after a storm thrown upon
the shore of Warangerfjord in the norwegian Fiunmarken. The last pair but one of
the truncal feet has only the outer branch or palp, very small, and an almost im-
perceptible rudiment of the inner branch or stem. We shall call it Euphausia glacialis
n. sp. , as it appears to approach somewhat nearer to the genus Euphausia.

5) We have found at Oresund (the harbour of Landskrona) a species of the

8 W. LlLLJEBORG,

SEL DE VAUZEME; Order Cirrhipedia: Lepas LlN., Balanus LlN., Coro-
nula Lam., Verruca Schumacher. Of these genera only the Lithodes, An o-
nyx, Themisto and Glyptonotus are peculiar to the Zones in question. The
others are of a cosmopolitical nature, and are met with also in the temperate
and torrid Zones. This is partly the case with the genera Anomix and
Themisto, but the greatest number of the species in those genera as well as ,
with respect to the first named genus, the greater plenteousness and larger
dimensions of the individuals, sufficiently indicate preference for the polar
seas and more especially the northern. The genus Atylus according to
Spence Bate l) numbers 16 species. Of these 4 are from Greenland, Sweden
and Norway, 3 from England, 2 from Southern Europe, 1 from N. America,
1 from Valparaiso, 3 from Tierra del Fuego, 1 from the Cape of Good Hope
and one from New Holland. It belongs then more especially to the cold
& temperate waters, but is hoAvever in a very considerable degree of a
cosmopolitical nature 2).

Of the 4 above-named distinguishing genera, Lithodes comprises 10
species, of which 6 are from the northern seas — North-Sea, N. Atlantic
and Icy Ocean and from the NE-coast of Asia — 1 from the eastern coast
of America, Lithodes australis Bell 3), and 3 from Tierra del Fuego and the
Antarctic Ocean; Anonyx about 28 species, of which 20 are from Green-
land, Sweden and Norway and England, 4 from the Eastern coast of N.
America, 3 from the seas of Nort-eastern Asia, and one from Tierra del
Fuego ; Themisto 5 species, of which 2 are from the Antarctic Ocean, 1 from
the southern part of the Atlantic & 2 from Greenland (S. Bate) ; and lastly
Glyptonotus 3 species, of which 2 are from the northern Icy Ocean and Baltic
and 1 from the southern Icy Ocean. The genus Lysianassa M. Edwards, of which
Spence Bate reckons 15 species, comes so near the genus Anonyx Kroyer,
that we as yet have no certain characteristics, by which these two genera
can be distinguished, and it is probable that Kroyer would not have set
up Anonyx as an separate genus, had he been aware that also the 2:d

genus Sphaeroma, S. rugicauda Leach, which lists as yet never been discovered on
the western coast of Norway, but probably exists there.

Whether the species of the genus Ipfrimedia found at Tierra del Fuego belong
reaally to that genus is not quite certain.

M Catalogue of the specimens of Anipbipodous Crustacea etc. p 133.

*) Atyhu axrimahu (FaBB.), which had previously only been found in Green-
land, we have met with at Molde and Cbristiansund in Norway :it a depth of 40 — 50
fathoms.

5) British Stalk-Hyed Crustacea, p. Iti4.

On the Lysianassa magellanica etc. 9

pair of the truncal feets have a claw. If we unite the two genera, the
geographical distribution will require some little modification, as becoming
somewhat less arctic or antarctic. Of the 13 species of the genus Lysia-
nassa 2 are from Greenland and Norway, 7 from the Mediterranean, the
Atlantic, England and Norway, 1 from Van Diemens Land, 1 from the Cape
of Good Hope, and 2 from Rio Janeiro. None of these species is common
to both the arctic and antarctic seas. We have not included the Lysia-
nassa magellanica in this calculation, because, as we in the following pages
shall show, it constitutes the type of a separate genus. In fact the Cirri-
peds are the only other order, in which we have examples of species com-
mon to both these zones, for the Lepas Jlillii and fascicularis, which are
spread over the whole earth (Darwin), are also found in both the above
mentioned zones.

The genus Glyptonotus has been formed by ElGTHS ') to define a gi-
gantic species of the Idothehbe, found in South Shetland, which approaches
the Idothea entomon and is accordingly genetically united with it and with the
Idothea Sabini. It has been called Glyptonotus antarctica ElGTHS (according

to DANA). This genus, the geographical distribution of which is, as we
have before stated, confined to the polar tracts, although the one species,
Ghiptonotus entomon (LlN.), as a relic of an extinct glacialfauna (8. Lovkn),
is still occasionally found in more southern parts, as for instance in the
Baltic, accordingly presents a most striking and remarkable example of the
coincidence of disposition that exists between the two marine polar fauna}.
The consideration of this lessens in some degree OUT astonishment, at the
discovery of so higly developed a species as the Lysianassa magellanica
common to both the arctic and antarctic zones.

Professor Til. Fries has been kind enough to furnish us with some
information relative the Flora of the arctic and antarctic Zones, which we
here communicate, as being a valuable assistance in judgeing of the relation
between the Fauna; of these Zones. "Among the vegetable productions of
antarctic America there are not a few found that also belong to the Flora
of Europe. The greater part of these however consist of such easily ac-
climatized species as Senecio vulgaris, Taraxacum officinale, Sonchvs olera-
cens, Galium aparine, Brassica campestris, Capsella. bursa pastoris, Stellaria
media, Urtica urens etc., which are now found, one may say, spread over
the whole world. Among the vegetables which cannot be referred to this

') Transact. Albany Institute. II. pag. 331. (according to Dana).

Nova Aila Reg. Sue. Sc U]s., Ill' Sme. 2

10 W. LlLLJEBORG,

class, we especially remark certain hill plants common to the mountains
of Europe and those of the antarctic Zone, but not met whith in the inter-
mediate tracts. Of these Hookek enumerates Erigeron alpinns, Carta /estiva,
Phleum alpinum and Trisetum subspicatum, but it is probable that on closer
examination these will be found to be nearly related but different species.
A remarkable example of a species common to both the Arctic and Ant-
arctic regions and not met with elsewhere, is afforded by the beautiful
and easily distinguised moss-species Usnea melaxantha, which is met with
in Greenland and Spitsbergen as well as in New-Zealand and the most
southerly portions of America. The only difference between the northern
and southern forms is that the latter seems more thriving and fructifies
richly, whereas the former is a more delicate plant and has never yet
been met with in a fructificating state. It is also curious that a so remar-
kably distinct form as the Nephroma arcticnm, which is so generally met
with in the northern alpine and subalpine regions, should nowhere else be
represented by any analogous or similar form excepting at Magellan's
strait, where the very similar and nearly related Nephroma antarcticum is
met with. Among phanerogamous plants the genus Empetnm presents the
same phcenomenon, being in the North principally represented by the E.
nigrum, whereas in antarctic America the E. rubrum is the prevailing
species, unless (as I have lately seen asserted) this latter be also found
in Northern America."

We now proceed to describe the remarkable Amphipod Lgsianassa
magellanica.

It differs in many important features very considerably from the other
species included in the subfamily Lysianastina, and we arc accordingly in-
duced to consider it as the type of a separate genus. The first basal joint
of the lower antennae is large and swelling, and uncovered at the side
of the head, and is limited above by a projecting point of the slicll of
the head, which gives the head, when seen in profil ■ peculiar appea-
rance. The first pair of maxillae is furnished with a thin and long palp,
at the end of which arc two or three coarse bristles or small prickles.
The 7'1' caudal segment or caudal appendage, which is deeply forked,
is not provided with any moveable spine at the extremity of the lobes.
At least one such spine is found in all other Lvsianassina which have the
caudal appendage forked. On account of its extensive geographical distri-

ON THE LYSIANASSA MAGELLANICA ETC. 11

bution, we give to this genus the name Eurytenes 1), and characterize it in
the following manner:

EURYTENES, nov. gen.

Corporis forma crassa et robnsta, epimeris magnis et pedibus brevibus.
Antennoe superior es fiagello appendicitlari proeditce, pedunculo crasso et ejus
segmentis 2:do et 3:tio brevibus, et jiagelli segmento l:mo longo. Antenna' in-
feriores segmento pedunculi hmo magno et inflato et extus visibili. Mandibular
palpAgerce acie Icevi et tuberculo molari magno instructae. Maxillae l:mi parts
palpo biartictdato angusto, ajdce duas vel tres setas vel acideos minores mobiles
gerente, et earam ramus interior latus et brevis et setts multis ciliatis in-
structus. Maxillipedum lamina trunci segmenti 2:di, sive lamina exterior
margine interiore tenuissime noduloso, et eorum palpus ijuadriarticulatus et
unguiferus. Pedes trunci sive thoracici l:mi et 2:di parts subcheliformes , illi
validi et breves, ungue bene evoluto , hi longiores et graciliores, ungue minu-
tissimo. lleliqui pedes trunci forma solita, robusti. Laminae branchiales
simplices minimeque pectinatini pdicatae. Pedes caudales ultimi paris ramis
lamellosis. Segmentum 7:mum sive ultimum caudae profunde bi/idum, laciniis
accuminatis ad apicem vero non spiniferis. — Tantummodo una species:

EUKYTEINES M VGELLANICUS (II. Milne Edwaiids)

Lysianassa magellanica, 11. Milne EDWAKDS: Annales des Sciences natu-

rclles, 3:me serie, Zoologie, Tome 9:me; 1848;
pag. 398.
„ „ C. Spence Bate: Catalogue of the specimens of

Amphipodous Crustacea in the Collection of the
British Museum, pag. 66, tab. X, tig. 5. — 1862.

Description: Length of body from end of caudal feet 215/16 inches or
73 millim. The three specimens we possess, which are all females, are all
of the same size. Form of body (PI. I. Fig. 1) stout and strongly built,
with the 2"1 to 4 ''pairs of epimera (coxae S. Bate) large, with the truncal
feet, with the exception of the 2"*1 pair, short and strongly formed. The
l:st truncal segment's epimera less than usual with that group, which causes
the base of the lower anteniue and the appendages of the mouth to appear
exposed. The last segment of the trunc and the first 5 of the tail have
above a low longitudinal ridge, and the 6:th tailsegment has above on both
sides a ridge, extending backwards, and terminating in a compressed obtuse

') From the Greek tvQitizrtjc, which signifies widely stretched.

12 W. LlLLJEBORG,

process. The 4th truncal segment's epimera, which are the largest, are
almost rhomhoidal with the corners rounded off, and witli a wide hollow
at the upper and back corner. The 5th pair of epimera are almost rect-
angular with the corners rounded off, and a little hollow in the middle of
the lower edge, into which hollow the upper edge of the 5"1 pair of feet's
second joint is inserted. The epimera of the l:st tail-segment have the
lower and back corner rounded off, and those of the 2"li segment have
the same corner extented into a short point, from which on the outer side
of the epimera a tolerably sharp edge or ridge (Fig. 21) stretches itself
obliquely upwards and forwards. The 4th tail-segment's epimera have at
their lower extremity a large spine turned backwards.

The eyes are not visible and have accordingly not been introduced
in the figure of the animal, but seem, judging from the inner portions, to
have been large and kidney- or bottle-shaped, and red.

The head (fig. 2) is somewhat convex, the forehead almost trun-
cated, and has in the middle only an obtuse angle, as a slight indication
of a rostrum. On the sides of the head is a projecting obtuse-angled lobe
between the upper and lower antenna. The hollow under that lobe is ter-
minated at its lower extremity by a projecting process.

The shaft of the upper-antennaj is short, and its first joint longer
than the two following together, and the 2ml a little longer than the third.
The flagellum consists of about 27 joints, the first of which is a little shorter
than the shaft, and has on the inner side numerous long thickly set bristles
of a brownish colour. The flagellum when laid back reaches about to the
middle of the 2"'1 thoracal segment. The flagellum appcndieulare or ap-
pendage, which is but litttle shorter than half the flagellum, consists of 9
joints of which the first is the longest.

The lower-antennae are more than double as long as tin' upper, and
their flagellum consists of about 56 joints furnished with long bristles on
the under-side. The first joint in their shafts (Kig. 1 & 2, b') is espe-
cially large and distended, and for the greatest part of its length unpro-
tected by the head-shield. The 2nd segment of the said shaft has on its
underside evidently a sharp process. ("Olfactory denticle," >S. BATE).

The upper and underlips [Fig. .">, e & 1i^'. I & 5), which are about
5 millim. long, are of a very complicated construction. The former consti-
tutes the central piece (a) and the latter the two side pieces (l>, b) which
are united at the base so as to be in some degree moveable, and can ap-

On the Lysianassa magellanica etc. 13

proacli to or recede from one another like jaws, to which they have
some resemblance. The external build is composed partly of thinner chi-
tinous laminae and partly of more solid chitinous ribs which form the solid
support of the former. The upper lip is somewhat distended and convex
and has near its apex a sharp indentation, from which that apex bends
itself inwards almost like a bird of prey's beak. The middle portion of
the inner or palate side has two bristley-ribs united both in front and back
and diverging in the middle, separated at the back by a notch from the
curved apex of the beak. The side-pieces of the under lip are more solid
but thin and flattened though uneven. (Fig. 5. b, b from the exterior, fig. 5
from the interior). At the projecting, free, indented end (a) they are yellow-
ish, and their inner edge from the point to the base is armed with a thick
row of short bristles, so that they are evidently employed in dividing the
animal's food and conveying it to the swallow. The mandibular are inserted
between the upper and lower lips and are thus for the greatest part of their
length separated from the maxillae.

The niandibulac (Fig. 3. d. J and figg. li & 7, the left) are about
5 '/j millim. long and peculiarly strongly formed. The masticating extre-
mity (Fig. (i (i from the interior) which is bent inwards as we see it in
fig. 7. a, has a sharp, cutting and even or toothless edge. This cd^c has
but a slight groove on each side, from which proceeds on the inside a curved
and somewhat raised line. At the middle of that line is a very small and
simple accessory process ("processus acccssorius", BliiZKLirs ') ), and from
that a raised edge thickly armed with at first somewhat coarser and longer
but afterwards shorter and finer bristles, which afterwards passes over to
the "tuberculum molare" BruzkuuS, (b) of which it forms the outer edge,
and when there is thickly set with short bristles. Between these outer
edges the tuberculum molare is hollowed out. On the fore side of the man-
dibula about halfway between the masticating end or edge and the insertion
of the palp is a strong almost ball-like notch (Fig. (5. c). The palp (</)
is large, and consists as usual of 3 joints of which the middle one is the
largest and longest, and is broadest in the middle, and it, as well as the
3! joint, carry a number of sharp bristles. The palp reaches to about the
end of the last joint but one of the lover antennae's shaft. Fig. 7 shows
the left mandibula seen from the outer side. As the masticating extremity

') Bruzelius (Skancbs Amphipoda Gammaridea) denies the existence of such a
process in the genus Anoriyx; we have however found it in the most species.

14 W. LlLLJEBORG,

is sharp and cutting, it is probable that it serves to divide the food, which
is afterwards ground by the tuberculosa ruolare J).

The first pair of maxillae (fig. 8) are also of a strong and solid con-
struction, and their length about 7 millimetres. The outer branch 2) (a)
is, at the upper end (a'), spread out somewhat in the manner of a hand,
hollowed on the inside, and armed at the edges with 11 stout moveable
spines, which with the exception of some few of the longest are furnished
on the one edge with side-prickles. The same branch's inner edge is also
bristled. The inner branch (//) is thin, soft, short, and broad, and has at
its point about 11 ciliated bristles. The palp (c) is two-jointed and rea-
ches beyond the point of the outer branch. The second joint is in the form
of a sabre and has a pair of short bristles at the point, as also a pair of
very small moveable prickles. These maxillai are in immediate contact with
the mandibulae.

The 21"1 pair of maxillae (fig. 9) are smaller thinner and of less
solid construction. Their length is 5 millim. They consist of two bran-
ches, and are of about the same obtusangular lancet-form, and the outer
(a) l/, longer than the inner (b). Both have at the poiut and along the
inner edge numerous filiated bristles.

The maxillipeds (Fig. 3 g g & fig. 10) are 10 millim. long, and
consist as usual of a stem of 2 joints (fig. 10. a, b) and of a palp (c). On
the inner side of the basal joint of each maxilliped is an oblong almost
troncatly terminated lamina (lamina interior) which at the point and the inner
border bears a number of longer bristles. These laminae (Fig. 11) come
into contact with eachother, and form by their union a raised ridge on the
inner side of the maxillipeds, and reach to the end of the first third of
the second joint's lamina. The second joint of the stem (Fig. 10. b) is on
the inner fore-part expanded into a large almost elliptic lamina, the so called
lamina exterior (fig. 3. g'. g' & fig. 10. b'), rounded off in front and there
famished with bristles. Its Interior edge (fig. 12), is made uneven by small
knobs. The Palp (fig. 3. g" g and fig. 10. r, c) consists of 4 joints of which
the 2"d is the largest, and the fourth has the form of a claw, and all.
with the exception of the last, are furnished with numerous bristles.

') Spenee Bate considers thai this form of the mandibole indicates that the
animal consumes vegetable food.

5) The outer branch may he considered as the stem of these maxillae.

On the Lysianassa magellanica etc. 15

The truncal feet1) of the first pair (fig. 13) are short, particularly strongly
built and subcheliform. Their length is about 15 millini. The 2nd joint2)
is the longest and the hand or 6"' is almost rectangular, rather smaller at
the lower end, with the fore edge somewhat bent and the back concave and
bearing about 9 clusters of bristles. Its lower end is obliquely hollowed
out, and in front of the notch is fastened a strong, sharp, crooked and
flexible claw. The 5th joint which is triangular is shorter than the 6'1'. Its
feet are without gill-sack and lamina to cover the eggs.

The truncal feet of the 2hl pair (fig. 14), which are also subcheli-
form, are finer and longer than the preceeding. Their length is about 30
millim., and the breadth of their 2"! joint is 2 millim. The 3nl joint is
scarcely half so long as the 2 "' , which is almost of uniform breadth and
somewhat bent back at the lower end. The hand or 6:!' joint is shorter
than the 5'1', oblong and of almost uniform breadth, and obliquely rounded
off at the lower end. It lias numerous long bristles, as have also the
joints already described. The claw is very small and hardly perceptible.
The lamina for covering the eggs (b) and the gill-sack (c) are fastened to
the 1st joint or epimerum (a). The former is narrow and of uniform breadth,
and bordered with long bristles; the latter simple, of considerable size,
and almost kidney-shaped. One observes on it only a few small irregular
wrinkles which have probably arisen after death.

The 3"1 and 4lh pairs of truncal-feet (fig. 15, right foot of 3"' pair)
are similar to each other and about 24 millim. long. The 4th joint is longer
than the 5th, terminated obliquely at the lower end, where, at the obtuse
projecting point, it is provided with long bristles. The 6"' joint is about
the same length as the 4', almost uniformly broad, somewhat curved, and
at the back border provided with bristles. The claw is strong.

The truncal-feet of the 5lb— 7th pairs (fig. 16, the 6fh pair, right foot)
bear a close resemblance to eachofher, and differ from all the preceeding

') We here adopt the denominations proposed by T. THOBELL, (Ofvers. af
Kongl. Vetensk. Akachs Fiirh 1864. pag. 9) according to which that part of the body
of the Crustacea, which is commonly called thorax, is denominated trunc (truncus),
and that part, which by Other writers is called t,l>th>m<>n, is denominated tail (eauda).

2) The joint which we call the 2"' has in general been considered as the 1".
We consider that that part, to which the gill-sack and lamina for covering the eggs
are attached, is the first, although it may be joined to the epimerum, or perhaps more
correctly speaking (according to Spencb Bate) constitutes what is called the epime-
rum. The gill has no doubt an insertion similar to that of the Podophthalmia.

16 W. LlLLJEBoRG,

in having the 2'"1 joint strongly expanded, and in being directed forwards.
The foot of the 61' pair here represented is 24 millim. long. The 5th pair,
as may be seen in fig. 1, is distinguised by having the Ist joint larger,
and the back part somewhat higher than the forepart, which is almost semi-
circular. The second joint is shorter, and has the posterior spreading
portion almost semicircular. In those of the 6* pair this joint is rounded
orally, and the border rough with indentations or notches. These inden-
tations are only slightly apparent in the 5 ll pair. At the base of the la-
mina for covering the eggs, attached to these last mentioned feet the fe-
male genital aperture is very clearly apparent. The 7th pair of truncal-feet
differ from both the proceeding in having the 2nd joint longer and oval,
with small but clearly visible indentations in the back border.

Each pair from the 2 ld to the 5"' inclusive is provided with laminae
for covering the eggs, all of the same form as that, which is represented
in our plate, and which belong to the 2nd pair: the G,h and. 7 * pairs are
destitute of this appendage. In the 2nd, 3"1 and 4th pairs the gill-sack is
of the same form (fig. 14 c). In the 5tlr and 6th pairs it presents the same
form (fig. 17), but differs from the proceeding in being of a firmer structure,
and having a caecum-like appendage {b) containing granulated matter, con-
sisting of fat globuli and other formative particles. In the 7''1 pair this
appendage is wanting, but in other respects its gill-sack is similar to that
of the foregoing pair.

The tail-feet of the first 3 pair's, or so-called swimming-feel, arc
of the usual form (fig. 18, 1 ' pair, right foot) and arc similar to eachother
excepting that they diminish in size, so that the 3,a pair are shorter than
the foregoing. They consist of a strong, oblong stem, (a) tapering towards
the lower end, and two terminal branches (i,b) tapering gradually to a point,
longer than the stem, composed of a great Dumber of joints, and on both
sides provided with long ciliated bristles. The 1- pair are 19 millim. long.

The tail-feet of the last 3 pairs (i. e. the 4th, 5* & 6*) are as
usual formed for leaping, and consist of a stem and two simple terminal
branches without swimming-bristles. The 2 first pairs are as nearly as
may lie similar to one another, hut are longer and have their terminal
branches more pointed than those of the 6* pair. Those of the 4 h pair
(Fig. 19, right leg, outer side: are somewhat longer and slenderer than
those of the 5*J their length is about 14 millim. Along the outside of the
Stem there is a raised ridge, and a similar elevation runs along the middle
of both terminal branches both on the outer and inner side, though higher

ON THE LYSLANASSA MAGELLANICA ETC. 17

on the former, and highest on the outer branch (a): This branch has at
its point a spine, separated by a suture, and may by this be distinguished
from the inner (b), which is moreover somewhat shorter and broader.

The tail-feet of the last or 6 th pair (Fig. 20, right foot) are shor-
ter, broader and more moveable. Their length is 8 millim. The stem is
almost rhomboidal, with the lower external angle projecting acutely. The
external terminal branch (a) is also somewhat longer than the internal (b) and
has also a detached spine at the point. Both branches have about the
same shape, are tolerably thin, though thicker at the outer edge, of a
broad lancet form, and are provided with numerous bristles on the inner
border. Also the stem has similar bristles on its inner border and at the
outer and lower acute angle. These feet stretch somewhat behind the
ends of the other tail-feet and even somewhat further back than the 7,h
tail-segment.

The 7h tail-segment or, as it is called, caudal appendage (fig. 21)
is of considerable size, extending almost to the ends of the last tail-feet.
Its length is 6 millim. It is forked a little below the middle, and the ope-
ning between the two halt's somewhat wider towards their termination. It
is tolerably thick with a blunt ridge which on both sides goes parallel with
and close beside the external edges of the lobes, with a hollow along the
middle between the base and the opening. The lobes are brought up
smoothly to points, and are destitute of the moveable spines at the end,
and no spines are visible on their sides.

The Group of the family Gammaridae, which the subfamily Lysia-
nastina constitutes, seems to be tolerably natural and well defined, but it
happens with it, as with many other natural groups, e. g. Felidae among
mammalia, Ct/prinidae among fishes, etc., that the forms belonging to it,
especially the different species within the same genus, not unfrequently pre-
sent such slight differences, that it requires a very minute examination to
distinguish them. This group is distinguished by the form of the tipper
antennae and mandibular, the former having a peculiarly thick shaft of which
the two last joints are very short, and the latter a more or less sharp edge
with few or no teeth (fig. 52), and the inner process (a) — processus ac-
cessorius, Bruzelius — little or sometimes not at all developed. To this
may be added that the 2nd pair of truncal feet are very long and slender,
having in general a very small clawr, which however is in one instance absent.

Nova Acta Reg. Sue. So. Ops., I lie SSrie. 3

18 W. LlLLJEBORG,

Dana *) and Spence Bate '), who give to this group a wider range, lay
stress on the size of the epimera, (coxae, S. Bate), but this is no distin-
guishing feature, for there are others e. g. Stegocephalus , Pleustes, Odins
(Otus S. Bate) with equally large or larger epimera. Dana reckons up
as belonging to this under-family the genera: Lysianassa M. Edwards,
Phlias Gueiun-Mexeville, Opis Kroyer, Uristes Dana, Anonyx Kroyer
and Urolhoe Dana. From these we reject Phlias, Uristes and Urotlwr, the
two first on the ground that they have no flagellum appendiculare on the
upper antennae, and the last on that of its not having a thick shaft to the upper
antennae, and moreover that it nearly approaches the genus Phoxits Kroyer.
SPENCE Bate includes in the sub-family of Lysianassidae the genera Lysia-
nassa, Anony.r, Pontoporeia KROYER, Opis, Ichnopus C'OsTA, Ca&uoma COSTA,
Alibrotus M. Edwards, Jlyale H. Rathke, PUias and Uristes. Of these
we reject Pontoporeia on acconnt of the different form of the mandibular
and the genera AUbrotus and Hyale on account of the entirely different con-
struction of the upper antennae and second pair of feet. The genus Ich-
nopus appears to us identical with that of Lysianassa, and as regards Phlias
and Uristes we have already stated our opinion. We therefore include in
this sub-family only the genera Lysianassa, Anonyx, Callisoma and Opis,
to which we add the two new genera Eurytenes and Acidostoma. In order
to illustrate our view of the family Gammaridae and the underfamily Ly-
sianassina, we adduce here first a tableau of the families included in the
suborder Amphipoda, and next a similar tableau of the sub-families com-
prised in the family Gammaridae, and, as therewith connected, of the ge-
nera within the same family belonging to our-own fauna. We do this
the rather since no new synopsis of the kind has appeared since the year
1859, when Doctor Bruzelius in Kongl. Wctenskaps-Akadeniiens lland-
lingar. (new series) Vol. 3, p. 1. published his excellent paper "Bidrag till
kiinnedom om Skandinavicns Amphipoda Gammaridea" (Contributions to the
knowledge of the Amphipoda Gammaridea of Scandinavia). Our knowledge
of these Crustacea has since that time received considerable additions from
the labours of Candidate A. BOEGK, Professor M. SAKS, and the observations
we have ourselves had the opportunity of making on the Western Coast of
Norway, and we can accordingly now include 36 genera as belonging to
our fauna, while BBDZELIUS lias only 19. Of these genera 4 are new viz.
Eurytenes, Acidostoma, '/'iron and Oediceropsis , of which genus Eurytenes

') Bxplor. F.xpe.l. Crustacea. T. II. p. '.MIS.
*) Catalogue etc. p. 64.

Pag. 18.

Gammaridce.
Antenna luperio-

flagello
appendicular!

u radius,

; lapul antica ■

nou produc-

tuni.

Pcdunculus

nutemiariiiii
snp

cra*sus, segmeutis

llttobUI nil, mi- l.rc-

vlbuj. Miiiiiiibulio

solito rnodo
.dentnta.

. Lysinnnssina, Dana.
MuxilltO l:mi pnris . - .

2, StiUfamilia ;

Fontnporciiiu, Dana.
Pedes trunci (thorneici)
2:dl pnris

palpo pficditic,
Pedes trunci
fihovocici,) l:mi,
pnris iiadom 2:df
pans . . .

'manu nibchelfform

11 Biibcholiformi. Seg-
m on turn l:mntp psudunculi
union nar am inferiorom ml
Intern capitis OXttlfl . . .

Genera:

1- LysisnaJsa, M, Edwards.

isibilo, magnum et inrlutmu 2. Eurytcncs, nov. gen.

3. Anonyx, KrGycr.

i crussiores , sed longiorcs ct nngue. indistim

palpo cardites
inguc cardites

unguiferi

mnnu BiibchjUformi vel cheliform
manu BubchuSformi priedlti . .

mediucris et tegmenta
-jus ultima duo

■longnta. —

> producrum
.ii basin antauni

3. yuLAi mil

Gammarinn
Pedes maxillures

Dai

lamioii intcrioribirs
pnediti, liimin&qnc
haj et extcrioroa . .

bene cvolutte ct basin
palpi cxccdentOfl,
Segmentum 5:tom pedum
trunci l:mi ct 2;di pane
lixuui ad

Spicooa BUpcriorcm segroenti 6:ti sivcfuninrticulatus g

manus. Pedum cuuduliuni ultimo- I
rum ramus exterior I

lliiarticulatu?, longissiiuus ]o.
ronrginem anieriorcm segmenti 6:ti aive manus u.

el interiores vix bnsin palpi
astequcnlcs. Mandibular inter k . .

j

tdis!

(tutu tuliiformcs. —
I Pedes I

(Pboxidcs, S. Bate;
unci (ilioracici) l:mi et S:di pnris

mumi Bubohcliformi prffldlti. t clongttta ct solito modo formntn
Seginentii Sidum ct 3:tium i
[

palpi pedttn moxillnriui
non prckausili a . 1 1

Ua et laminaria ]gi

cbelifotmi carcntcs jy

. Callisoma, Costa.
. Acidostoraa, nov. gen.
. Balliyporein, Lindstroni.
Stcgoccphalus, KrOyer.
. Pontoporcia, KrOyer.

, Gammarus, Fubricins.

Eriopia, Brozelios.
. Eusirus, KrOyer.

. Microplax, nov. nom.
(Idnaa, A. Boeck)

. Sicippe, Bruzelins.

Pardalisca, KrOyer.

Phoxus, KrGycr.

DrothoC, Dana.

Tiro

n , nov. gen.

5. Bobfomilia:
Triscbisostomatina . .
(Pi'OKtDjnatai , A. Boruk).

Bagcllo sppendiculai

carentcB,

pculi

'<llll|»lSltl.

Pedes trunci (thoi
r'iei) T;mi puris UT
In I'lli'uiihus . . .

tnulto longiorcs, segmento ultimo
[lingua) longo, recto ct slilifornii.

C. Siibffiiuiliii :
Oedicerina.
Pedes trunci 7:i

niitecfdeiitilius non duplo tQngiores

parum product
duplo vel magii
longiorcs.

Siiruicuiiiii] 5:tum

Five cnrpUB (*cdi

trunci S:di pnris longc productum

post ice

. Trischinostotua.Esmark.
. Oediceropsis, nov. gen.
, Oedicerus, KrOyer.

parum (ongiovei
segmento ultiiiK
guiformi.
Laramie pedum

\illariuni . . .

. Suljfaniilin :
Lcucotho
Mandibulra .

palpigerm.
Manus pedum

mis . I

Jihcliformis

chcliformis, carpo digitum
irumobilem eflicicntc . .

8. Subiitniili

lie lie

olutrc. - Atylinn.

Pedes trunci

l:mi paris manu

Pulptis pedum maxilljriuui .

non chcliformis. framis duuliu
I Pedes eaudnles I
Itiltimi pnris . . [rauio uno ,

pnlpo carcntcs

(quadriurticulntus
tr

21. Mnnoeulodes, Stimpson.

22. KrGyera, Spenco Bate.

23. Leueothoe, Leacb.
•a. Pleuites, S. Bate.

25. Montagun, S. Bate.

26. StenothoG, Dana.

| IN. 11 In III. ,111 ■■

lion elielifui-mi.
piei'UQiquC fuli-
el ie I ifunui.

Palpus pedum :' — j artieula-
muxillurium .

Pedes trunci

Corpus (

lubchelifonn

Mnndibtilio

pal pi genu.
" "anus poduri

Ii |,„n, . .

palpo i

iulto ninjor oadci
:mi pnris . .

uidem l;ml
pnris mugnitu-
dine citaitar
mqualiB.
Epimera seg-
mciUorum
trund ante no-

acuminata .

•diusa ct
.otttndata .

2". Odins, nov. nom.
(Otus, S. Bate)

28. Ipbimedia, H. Rathke.

29. Laphystius, KrOyer.

30. Calliopius, nov. nom.
(Calliope Lcaeh, mser. sc-

enndum S. Bate.)

31. Par&n]phithoe,B''UKclius.

. Atylus, Leach.

. D examine, Lcaeb.

non preliensili : tiequo cheliforra

ni'ijiio stibclicliformi ....

Bubfamilia: Ampeliseim

(Amiieliscides, S. Bate)

Oculi . . . .

. Acnnihonotus, Owen.

, Huploops, Lilljeburg.

Aiupclisca, Krfiycr.

g. 18.

Amphipoda.

Pedum cnuda-
lium

paria adsunt. Normalia, S. Bate.
Pedes maxi Hares lt« maxillipcdcs

porfeeti ct
pnlpigcri.
Segmcntn enn-
daliii posteriori

non coaliia.
Segmentuni
eaudic 7:mnrn

Familiie:

Inminnre, integrum vel divisum I. Gammurid k, Daim.

2. Orchcstidje, Dann.

erussum ct tu- /magna. Mandibular
berculifonno . Ipajpo plcrunv|uc enrontes ,
Epimera . . .!

Ipnrvti vcl rnodiocna.

(Mandibular pnlpigcnt; . ,

unnm vel plur
paria ahtunt -

- Aberrantia, S. Bate. Cauda

lobsolcta.
^Corpus

3. Cor a phi die, Dunn.

conlita 4. Chelurida,-, Allinim.

iniperfecti ct palpo enrontes 5. Hyperidre, Dana.

obsoleln, segmentis 6 composite G. Dulichidie, Dann.

clungutiim ct angustum 7. Cuprcllida\ Dann.

depressurn et latiusctuiim ....".. 8. Cyamidn:, Dann.

Pag. 22.

Anonyx.
Lamina exterior
pedum moxilln-
rium margins
interiore ...

Inloso.

Segm

I it

plus vel mi-

Anguli po-
iteriorei Beg*

menti 3:tii eau-

atcrrimi, fere lageniformcs .

Species:

ampnlla(FhippB); KrOyei

cocci nei vet
rubesccntc*.
Pedes trunci
Itml pans . .

plus vcl minus
breves ct ro-
busii. Unguii
pedum l:mi
pari* dente ar-

Laluum . .

longe porrectum 2. longipes, Spenec Bate.

3. gulosus, KrOyer.

scg-

ante medii

Manna pedum
I:mi paris . .

roetangulnris , earpo lon-rdimidio segmenti 9edi longius.

gior. Scgmcniiini 3:tiura lOcns unguis validus

pcdUQl I:nii puns . . J ,

ldimiiiio pegmenti 2:di brevius.

IDona unguis minimus 4.

■ unguis minimus 5. p

oides, n.

sp.

sp.

Seguientum 3:tiuni
CJjadlC ulrifiqua

postice ...

tnngissimi

hevc.

Fiwurn segmenti 7

non nnte medium segmenti ineipiens, et line segmentum breve et laic

■ dente?

G braehycercus, n. sp.

et gracillimi, segraento 3:tio diinidio 2:di longiorc. Unguis ped, l:mi j

nlc medium segmenti, Dens unguis ped. l:mi paris minimus 8.

ione medium (Ogmontj, Manus pedum l:uii paris curpo loiigior 9,

at urn 10.

mdic ineipiens

-I

l.-htirul,(|

|cmnrgimitum. Unguis pedum lani paris i
'sub-in

, denticulhn

Idiscrctis et majoriboB. Unguis pedum l:r

dentieuhitus ct serratus 11

uatuin. Unguis pedum l:mi paris intus dentieulatus et serratus 12,

[ennfertis et longis. Unguis pedum l:mi paris longissimus ct Levis . 13,

paris brcri6 !*■

heviusculo, et tantummodo aculeis parvis, paucis et diserctis intra murgincm positis, horrido. Oculi nigresccntcs 15

Bruzelii. A. Boeck.
nanus, KrOyer.
pinguis, A- Boeck.
serratus, A. Boeck.

Edwardsli, KrOyer.
litoralis, KrOyer.
HolbOllii, KrOyer.
obtusifrons, A. Boeck.
tumidus, KrOyer.

On the Lysianassa magellanica etc. 19

lias been already described, and of the genus Acidostoma full details vill
be given in the sequel.

The genus Tiron x) is typified in a species, found by us at Christian-
sund in Norway at a depth of 30 to 40 fathoms, which we in our public
lectures have called Tiron acatithnrus. n. sp.

Forma capitis ex parte cum eadem gen. Oediceri congruit, antennae
superiores vero flagello appendicular! longo sunt praeditae, et pedes trunci
7:mi paris longitudine pedes anteriores aequant, et breves, crassi et unguiferi
sunt. Pedes trunci l:mi et 2:di paris graciles, ungue tamen non flexibili
instruct! Segraenta caudalia superne in medion lungitudinalitcr carinata,
carina ad marginem posteriorem segmcntorum in aculeuin, qui in segnicntis
4:to et 5:to niagnus est, et adliuc in segmento 6:to observatur, excurrente.
Antennae superiores longitudine pedunculo antennarum inferiorum ajquales.
Frons aliquanto producta, basin antennarum superiorum obtegens, rostro
brevi sed acuto. Oculi rubri. Longitudo circ. 10 milliin.

The genus Oediceropsis is also typified by a single species, found by
us in the sea off Moldc in Norway at a depth of 40 or 50 fathoms, which
we in our public lectures have called Oediceropsis brevicornis n. sp., the upper
antennae being particularly short.

Forma corporis eidem gen. Oediceri valde similis, caput tamen rostro
caret, et pedes trunci 7:mi pans, qui longuin et rectum ungucm habent, et
longi et graciles suut, tamen pedibus anterioribus (j:ti paris non duplo —
circ. sesqui — longiores sunt. Antennae superiores non finem articuli pen-
ultimi pedunculi antennarum inferiorum assequuntur, et flagello appendicu-
lar! carent. Antennae inferiores magnae, fere pediformes, articulo penultimo
pedunculi ceteris majore et ad apicem infra setam magnam gerente. Oris
partes appendiculares et hujus et anterioris speciei structura solita. Pedes
trunci l:mi et 2:di paris forma inter se similes, manu subeheliformi, ovali,
carpo postice aliquantum producto. Pedes trunci 3:tii et 4:ti paris parvi
et graciles. Segmentum candale 7:mum integrum et parvum sed lammare.
Pedes caudales ultimi ramis duobus angustis, fere aequalibus. Color flave-
scens; oculi rubescentes, sed parum visibiles. Longitudo circ. 8 millim.

To the genera Microplax , Odius and Calliopius we have given new
names instead of the names Iduna, Otus and Calliope, which had already
before been given to other animals.

') Tu'owv Proper name.

20 W. LlLLJEBORG,

This being premised we proceed to give an account of such spe-
cies of the sub-family Lysianassina as belong to our Fauna, describing
somewhat more in detail those which are new to science or even additions
to our own Fauna.

Gen. LYSIANASSA H. M. Edwards.

Pedes trunci s. thoracici l:mi pans manu subrheliformi carentes, vngue
non fleocibili, seamento 6:to sive manu apicem versus attenuato ibidemque basi
unguis vix crassiore. Mandibulae tuberculo molari minimo. Laminae eccte-
riores maxillipedum tnaryine interiore noduloso vel laeviusculo.

We have in Sweden and Norway only 3 species of that genus di-
stinguishable in the following manner.

Lysianassa. ( tissum. ( pectinatim plicatSB ... 1. gpinioorms (A. Boeck).

Segmentum ! J*"*"*

° nranclnalcs . . . .'

7:mum Cauda; ... ' I ... 0 ■- ,;• nr ■■ x

non plicatse 2. I ulih (Kroyer).

non fissum, margine posteriore con-
l vexo 3. Costa:, M. Edwards.

1. L. Spinicornis (A. Boeck).

Jchnopus spinicornis, A. Boeck: Forhandl. ved de Skand. Naturfs 8:de

Mode, 1860, pag. 645.

Antenna; longte, inferiores superioribus longiorea. Scgnienta 2:dum
et 3:tium pedunculi antennarura superiorum brevissima, et segnientum l:mum
ejusdem pedunculi ad apicem infra aculeo armatum. Flagellum harinu an-
tennarum maris circit. 85 — 100, et feminae circit. 60 — 66 aiticulis brevibus
compositum, articulo l:mo ultimis duobus aiticulis pedunculi conjunctis lon-
giore, et intus circit. 23 paribus fasciculorum pilorum transversis pra'dito.
Flagellum appendiculare longum, aiticulis arc. 10. Flagclluni antennarom
inferiorum articulis circ. 80 — 120.

.Mandihuhe acie obliqua, Qtrinqne dciiticulo obsoleto munita, processu
accessorio carentes. Tubciciiluin niolarc parvum , lvuYxum, acuminatum et
pilosum. Palpus magnua, segmento 2:do latiusculo, et 3:tio arcuate et ad
latus alteram pectinatim aculeate. Maxilhe l:mi paria ramo exteriore valido,
ad apicem aculcis magma, ex parte pectinatis, et pilia annate; ramo inte-
riore minore apice pilos duos gerente; et palpo biarticolato, apice tnmcato,
striate et aculeate. Maxilhe 2:di paria ramie anguatia et ad apicem acu-
leatia. Pedes niaxillarcs sive maxillipedea laminia ioterioribna brevibus ad

On the Lysianassa magellanica etc. 21

apicem oblique truncatis et nodulis 2, et setis circ. 5; et laminis exterioribus
niagnis margine interiore noduloso.

Pedes trunci l:mi paris segmcnto 6:to, sive manu, elongato et paullulum
arcuato, ungue sat magno et intus fasciculo aculeorum arraato. Pedes trunci
2:di paris manu subcheliformi , obovali et setis lougis dense obsita.

Vesiculse branchiales pectinatim plicatse, plicis a racbi media exe-
untibus.

Epimera segmenti 3:tii caudal angulo inferiore et posteriore aculeato.
Pedes caudalea ultimi ramie elongato-lanceolatis, marginibus exteriore et in-
teriore aculeatis et pilosis. Segmentum 7:mum caudas ultra medium fissum,
laciniis contiguis, obtusis et aculeo ad apicem munitis. Oculi magni, reni-
formes, fusci. — Longitudo 30 — 40 millim.

Ad Bergen et Trondlijem in Norvegia accepta, baud frequens.

2. L. Yahli (KroYER).

Anonyx Vahli, H. KroYER: Gronlands Ampliipodcr, pag. 5.

„ „ Idem: Naturhist. Tidskr. 2 Rffikke, \U\. 1, pag. 599.

„ „ R. BRUZELroS: Skandinavicns Ampbipoda Gammaridea;

Kongl. Wetensk. Akad:s Handliiigar, ny mljd, Bd. 3,

1 liaftet.

Segmenta 2:dum et 3:tium pcdunculi antennarum superiorum brevis-
sima, diniidio segmcnti l:mi brevioia. Flagellom appendicnlare harom an-
tennarum articulis 5 — G. Pedes caudalea ultimi ramis latiusculis, et eorum
exterior marginibus piliferis. Segmentum ultimum caiuUc sive appendix cau-
dalis fere usque ad dimidiam partem fissum, laciniis apice rotundatis. Oculi
aterrimi, reniformes. Longitudo U — 20 millim.

Habitat ad oras nostras occidcntales a Bergen in Norvegia ad Fin-
markiam, rara.

3. L. Costae, II. Milne Edwards.

Lysianassa Costae, H. MlLNE EDWARDS: Histoire naturelle des Crustaces,

T. IH, pag. 21.
„ „ C. Spence Bate: Catalogue of the specimens of Am-

pbipodous Crustacea in the Collection of the British

Museum, pag. G9, tab. 10, fig. 11.
„ „ Idem & J. O. Westwood: History of British Sessile-Eyed

Crustacea, Ampbipoda, T. I, pag. 74.

22 W. LlLLJEBORG,

Lobuli laterales testae capitis anteriores longe producti. Epimcra
magna. Epiraera segraenti 3:tii caudae angulo posteriore et inferiore aculeo
brevi et superne vergente. Oculi niagni, supra approxiiuati , reniformes ,
fusci. Segmenta 2:dum et 3:tium pedunculi antennarum superiorum longi-
uscula, una segmento l:mo longitudine circ. aequalia. Antennae superiores
et inferiores apud fcminam longitudine circ. a-quales, flagello superiorum
pilis longis, et articulis 9 — 11 composite, articulo l:mo brevi. Elagellum ap-
pendicular biarticulatum articulo ultimo minimo. Mandibular acie utrinque
denticido obsoleto, processu accessorio longo et tenui, tuberculo vel pro-
cessu molari minuto, fere evanescente, tantummodo lobulum parvum seti-
feruni praebente. Palpus mand. longus. Maxillae l:mi parte palpo biarticu-
lato, ad apicem aculeis 5 brcvibus, quorum uno mobili; ramo intoriore sat
magno. Maxillae 2:di paris ramo interiore latiore, oblongo-ovali. Maxilli-
pedes laminis interioribus magnis, et exterioribus vix apiceiu articuli 2:di
palpi attingentibus, ovatis, apice rotundato et non sctifcro. margineque into-
riore laeviusculo et vix noduloso. Pedes trunci, l:mi paris segmento 6:to,
sive manu, conico et ungue parvo. Pedes trunci 2:di paris gracilcs nianu
fere oblongo-ovali carpoque breviore et minore. Pedes trunci 3:tii et 4:ti
paris etiam graciles. Pedescaudales longi, et eorum ultimum par ramis sub-
ulatia minimcque setiferis. Scgmcnttini 7:inum caudae, sive appendix cau-
dalis, integrum, ovale, margine postico leviter convexo et utrinque seta una
minima. — Longit. circ. 10 millim. — Ad Christianssund in Norvegia earn
hand frequenteni invenimus.

2. Gen. EURYTENES oov. gen.

Vide supra!

3. Gen. ANONYX, KrSyer.

Pedes trunci (thoracici) hmi /"iris manu subrheliformi armati, ungue
ticribili, margine inferiore manus jdas vel minus definite Mandibular tuber-
culo molari mediocri vel magna. Laminae exteriores pedum maziUarium mar-
aim' interiors /derumuue noduloso, raro di'uta/o vel aculeato.

We have on our coasts at least Often species of that genus, and of
these two are as yet undescribed, one confounded with another species, and
one as yet found only on the English coast and in the neighbourhood of
the Shetland Isles. In order to facilitate the often difficult work of discri-
minating the different species, we subjoin a synoptical table of these spe-
cies, and call attention to such distinguishing marks as seem to 08 impor

On the Lysianassa magellanica etc. 23

tant. We further add the accompanying list with such descriptions and re-
marks as the circumstances give rise to.

1. A. AMPULLA (Phipps); Kroyer.
Anonyx ampulla, H. KROYER: Naturhist. Tidsskr. 2 Rsekke, 1 Bd. pag. 578.

„ „ R. Bruzelius: Skandinaviens Amphipoda Gammaridea, pag.

39; Wetensk. Akad:s Handl., ny foljd, Bd. 3 1859.

This species does not appear in Spence Bate's and J. 0. West-
wood's "British Sessile-eyed Crustacea." The species there introduced
under this name is a totally different one, as will presently be shown.

2. A. L0NG1PES, Spence Bate.

Anonyx longipes, C. Spence Bate : Catalogue of the specimens of Amphi-

podous Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum,

pag. 79, pi. XIH, tig. 4. — Femina.
„ „ C. Spence Bate & J. 0. Westwood: History of British

Sessile-Eyed Crustacea, T. I, pag. 113. — Femina.
„ ampulla, C. Spence Bate: Catalogue etc., pag 79, pi. XIII, fig.

5. — Mas.
„ „ C. Spence Bate & J. 0. Westwood: History etc. pag.

116. — Mas.

Descr. Longitudo cor]). 12 — 13 millim. Forma corporis gracilis ct
elongata, epimeris mediocribus, capite parvo et ejus lohulis lateralibna Men-
tis, segmento 3:tio caudse postice gibho, ej usque angulis lateralilms poste-
rioribus (fig. 30, a) in aculemn longum et recurvum productis. Pedes truuci
longi et graciles.

Antennae superiores feminae (fig. 23) segmentis 2:do et 3:tio pedun-
culi brcvissimis , flagelli articulis circ. 15, et flagelli appendicularis arti-
culis 5. Antennae mferiores superioribus fere longitudinc aequales. Antenna?
superiores maris iisdem femiiue longiores, et ejus antennae inferiores flagello
gracillimo et longissimo, Ut partem posteriorem caudae iuterdum asse-
quantur.

Labrum (Fig. 24) parte superiore (a) in longum acumen durum, com-
pressum et recurvum porrecta, et infra ad ejus basin lobulis duobus mol-
libus (b, b) basin prope infra hispidis. Labium (c, c) ramis duobus ad api-
cem setiferis confectum.

24 W. LlLLJEBORG,

Mandibularura (fig. 25) acies tantummodo uno denticulo. Processus
aocessorius forma aculei magni et arcuati distinctus, et tubereulum molare
magnum excavatum et hispidum aeuleis brevissiruis.

Maxillae l:mi paris (fig. 26) forma solita, ramo interiore et minore
ad apicem duas sctas gerente, et ramo exteriore crasso apiceque circ. 7 — 8
dentibus magnis et serratis armato. Palpus ad apicem denticulis brevibua
circ. 8. — Maxillae 2:di paris ramis ambo fere latitiuline ajqualibus.

Maxillipedes laminis interiuribus medium laminarum exteriorum asse-
quentibus, et hse lamina} (enter.) ad marginem interiorem nodulis confertia
prseditae, ad apicem vero aeuleis carentcs.

Pedes trunci l:mi paris (fig. 27) minus robusti, segmento 3:tio <li-
midio segmenti 2:di multo breviore. Maims rectangularis, earpo fere ae-
qualis, ungue parvo dente uno prope apicem iutus armato. — Pedes 2:di
paris (fig. 28) gracillimi, segmento 3:tio dimidio segmenti 2:di fere a*quali.
Manus oblongus, fere rectangularis, carpo parum brevior sed latior, et mar-
gine posteriore convexo, ungue miniito, intus aeuleato.

Pedes trunci trium parium posteriorum longi et graciles ungue longo
et vix arcuato. — Pedes caudales ultimi (fig. 29) ramis fere aequalibus, lan-
ceolatis, et acideatis, et ad marginem interiorem setiferis.

Segmentum 7:mum caudai sive appendix eaudalis (fig. 31) supra
utrinque aeuleis tribus, et fissura basin propius ineipiente marginibusque di-
vergentibus. Laeinise ad apicem 1 — 3 aculeos gcrentcs.

Color flavido-albus. Oculi rubri.

Ad Haugesund, Molde et Cliristianssund in Norvegia banc sjieciem
non infrequentem invenimus, et Doctor G. LiNDSiKii.M earn ad Farsund in
eadem terra accepit; in profunditate 15 — 60 orgyiarum, et plemmque in
fundo arenoso. Antea tantammodo in Anglia accepta.

3. A. GULOSUS, Kroyi:r.

Anonyx fjulosus, H. KuiiYER: Naturbist. Tiilskr. 2 K;ekkc, 1 lid, pag. (ill.
„ norvegicus, LlLLJEBOfiO: Ofvcis. at' Kongl. Wetensk. Akatleiniens

F5rh. 1851, pag. 22.
n „ K. BRDZELIUS: Skandinaviens Amphijioda (iaiinnaridea

pag. 44.
„ HolboUi, Spencb Bate and Wbstwood: British Sessile-Eyed Cru-
stacea, T. I, pag. 104

On the Lysianassa magellanica etc. 25

This species is easily recognized by the following' characteristics.
The 1st pair of feet have the 3rd joint as long as or longer than half of
the 2nd; the claw is armed at the inner edge with a strong tooth; the edge
of the hand, to which the claw is attached is furnished with a row of ex-
tremely fine spines arranged like the teeth of a comb, within which are
scantily set bristles ; and last the 3 rd tail-segment has the lower back angle
but little drawn out, but acute. The processus accessorius of the mandibula
is particularly prominent, and on one side provided with teeth.

In very young individuals the 3rd joint of the 1st pair of feet is shor-
ter than half of the second, and they closely approach the A. nanoides,
from which however they may be distinguished by the abovementioned pair
of feet beeing longer and slenderer, and by the fore and back borders of
the hands being somewhat curved but not convergent, as in the latter spe-
cies. The carpus of the 2 nd pair of feet is not quite double as long as
the hand.

This species occurs on our west coast from Bohusliin to Finniar-
ken, and is extended northward to Greenland and southward to England.

4. A. NANOIDKS, n. sp.

It is probably this species that R. Bruzelius (1. c.) has described un-
der the name of Anonyx nanus Krdyer with a note of interrogation. In his
description he has omitted the minute denticle on the inner side of the claw
of the Is pah' of feet.

Descr. Minor; longitudo circ. 5 — 6 millim. Corporis forma sat obesa,
tameii compressa, epimeris magnis, et pedibus brevibus, et unguibus pedum
trunci posteriorum arcuatis. Segmentum o-.tium eaudae angulis posterioribus
et inferioribus (fig. 34 a) recurvis sed minus acutis.

Antennae superiores inferioribus paullulum breviores, segmentis 2:do et
3:o pedunculi brevissimis. Flagellum articulis 10, quorum primus maximus,
fere 3:tiae parti flagelli sequalis. Flagellum appendiculare articulo l:mo fla-
gelli longius, circ. finem articuli 5:ti assequens, articulis 6. Antennae infe-
riores articulis flagelli circ. 20. Maxillipedes laminis exterioribus ad
medium circiter articuli 3:tii palpi porrectis, oblongo-ovatis, apice obtuse
angulato, margine exteriore apicem propius eroso ibique seta minore, mar-
ginoque interiore noduloso, nodulis minimis et paucis. Laminae interiores
ad medium exterioruni extensae.

Nova Acta Reg. Sue. Sc. Ops., Ill* Sine. 4

26 W. LlLLJEBORG,

Pedes trunci l:mi paris (fig. 32) sat robusti, segmento 3:tio dimidio
segmenti 2:di breviore, maim rectangulari, apicem versus parum angustiore.
longitudine carpo circ. aequali. Unguis crassus et brevis, intus aculeo
et setis.

Pedes trunci 2:di paris gracillimi, manu (fig. 33) ovali. longitudine
dimidia carpi, et angulo inferiore et posteriore producto et aeuto.

Rami pedum caudalium ultimorum aculeati non vero setiferi, exterior
interiore longior.

Oculi rubri.

Tantummodo specimen unum Junius ad Molde in Norvegia accepi.

5. A. PUMILUS, b. sp.

Descr. Minor; longitudo circ. 5 millim. Forma corporis minus obesa
quam apud prsecedentem, epimeris et pedibus mediocribus, dorso vero la-
tiusculo. Ungues pedum trunci posteriorum longi et parum arcuati. Seg-
mentum 3:tium caudai angulis postcrioribus et inferioribus (fig. 41) productis.
acuminatis et recurvis.

Antennae superiores (fig. 35) inferioribus parum breviores, segmentis 2:do
et 3:tio pedunculi brevissimis. Flagellum articulis 7, quorum l:mus ceteris
major est. Flagellum appendiculare articulis 3, ad medium flagelli porre-
ctum. — Antennse inferiores articulis flagelli 8.

Mandibular (fig. 36) acie utrinque dente munita, proccssu aeeesaorio
et ruberculo molari distinctis. — Pedes maxillarcs laminis extcrioribus ob-
longo-ovatis non apicem articuli 2:di palpi attingentibus, ad apicem aculeos
setiformes 5 gerentibus, margine interiore noduloso, nodulis minimis paucis
(6 — 7) et discretis. Laminse interiorcs vix dimidiam lain, exteriorum attin-
gentes, ad apicem dentibus 3 — 4, et setis 3.

Pedes trunci l:mi paris robusti, segmento 3:tio dimidio 2;di multo
breviore, et manu (fig. 37) pyramidata vel triangnlari, et margine palms
vix definite. Unguis magnns, intus denticnlo minimo et setis duabns vel
trilius. — Pedes trunei 2:di paris parum graeiles, manu (fig. 38 ovali et
carpo breviore, angulo posteriore et interiore fere recto, ungneque sat magno.

Pedes caudales ultimi (fig. 3'.)) ramis subulatis et setis carentibus,
cxtcriore longiorc.

Segmentiini eamhe 7:mum (fig. 40) sat elongatnm, prot'nndc — ultra
medium — fissuni, laciniis contiguis, ad apicem emarginatis. ibiqne acu-
leuni gerentibus.

On the Lysianassa magellanica etc. 27

Color dilute ruber. — Oeuli obsoleti.

Tantummodo specimen unum ad Molde in Norvegia in profundo
40 — 50 orgyiarum et fundo argillaceo inveui.

6. A. BRACHYCERCUS, n. sp.

Descr. Minimus; longitudo 4 millim. Forma corporis valde crassa et
brevis, epimeris magnis, et pedibus brevibus et robustis, unguibus arcuatis.
Segmentum 3:rium caudae angulis posterioribus et inferioribus (fig. 49) pro-
ductis, acutis et recurvis.

Antennae breves et crassa, supcriores et inferiores longitudine circ.
aequales; supcriores (fig. 42) segmentis 2:do et 3:o pedunculi brevissi-
mis, flagelli articulis 4, quorum l:mo maximo. Flagellum appendiculare
biarticulatum, articulo l:mo magno, et 2:do miuimo; — inferiores flagelli ar-
ticulis 4, quorum lrmus non multum ab articulo ultimo pedunculi diversus est.

Mandibular (fig. 43) acie utrinque dente obsoleto, processu accessorio
distincto, et tuberculo molari elongato et compresso, et subtilissime hispido,
nulli vcro aculci inter boc et processum accessorium adsunt.

Maxillae l:mi paris forma solita, ramo intcriore bisetoso. — Maxillae
2:di pans ramo interiore fere latiore sed breviore.

Maxillipcdes (fig. 44) laminis interioribus (a) elongatis, ad medium
laminarum extcriorum porrcctis, ad apicem nodulis 3 et setis 3. Laminae ex-
teriorcs magnae, ultra medium articuli 3:tii palpi extensaj, ad marginem in-
teriorem tantummodo apicem propius nodulosae, nodulis discretis 4, et ad
marginem exteriorem setam unam et pilos minimos gerentes.

Pedes trunci l:mi paris breves et robusti, segmento 3:tio dimidiae
segmenti 2:di longitudini circ. aequali, et manu (fig. 45) carpo longiore,
versus apicem inferiorem angustiore, marginibusque anteriore et posteriore
arcuatis. Unguis magnus, intus dente uuo et setis tribus instructus. —
Pedes trunci 2:di paris (fig. 4G) sat robusti, segmento 2:do sinuato, et 3:tio
dimidia longitudine segmenti 2:di fere longiore. Maims carpo brevior, ob-
longo-ovalis, angulo inferiore et posteriore acuto, ungue crasso et intus den-
tato. — Pedes trunci parium trium posteriorum segmento 2:do sequentibus
segmentis conjunctis multo longiore. — Pedes caudales ultimi (fig. 47) breves
et crassi, ramo cxtcriore longiore et interiore apice minutissime bifido, et
ramis ambo aculeis et setis carentibus.

28 W. LlLLJEBORG,

Segmentum ultimum caudse (fig. 48) late ovaturn, ad medium circ.
fissum, laeiniis ad apicem aeuleum gerentibus.

Oeuli rubri.

Specimen unum ad Grip juxta Christianssund in Norvegia e profundo
20 — 30 orgyiarum cepi.

7. A. BRUZELII, A. Boeck.

Anonyx Biiizelii, Axel Boeck: Forliandlinger ved de Skandinaviske Natur-
forskeres 8:de Mode, 1860 (tr. 1861) pag. 643.

Of this species we have no other knowledge than what is derived
from Boeck's above-cited description, having never met with a specimen.
It was found by the author referred to on the west coast of Norway. As
regards the construction of the first pair of feet it somewhat approaches
A. gulosus; nevertheless these feet are a little longer and slenderer than in
that species, and it is not stated that the claw is furnished with any tooth
on the inner side. The external lamina of the niaxillipeds lias only a few
knobs on its inner border, whereas the A. gulosus has many.

8. A. NANUS, Kroyer.

Anonyx nanus, H. Kroyer: Naturhistorisk Tidsskr. 2 Bsekke, 2 Bd. pag. 30.

Distinguitvr: Anguli posteriores et inferiores segment! 3:tii caudse
obtusi. Flagellum appendiculare antenn. super, triarticulatus, ad finem ar-
ticuli 3:tii flagelli porrectum, articulo l:mo ceteris pintles longiore. Arti-
culus loans flagelli reliquis eonjunctis longitudine requalis. Maxillipodum
laminae intcriores ad marginem apicalem dentibus obtusis tribus et setis dua-
bus. Laminai eorum exteriorcs ad marginem interiorem uodulis, sive den-
tibus obtusis confertis. Pedes trunci l:mi paris breves et robusti, segmento
3:tio diniidia longitudine segm. 2:di breviore, manu carpo longitudine mquali,
rectangulari, marginibns anteriore et posteriore arcuatis, et margine infe-
riore truncate; uugue crasso et intus dente Sat valido ariuato.

Peduiii caudaliuni ultimorum ramus exterior ad marginem interiorem
setis ciliatis longis circ. 10 instructus, et ramus interior apice bicuspide.
Segmentum 7:nuim caiuhe ultra medium fissum, fissura aperta. Longit.
circ. 5 m. m.

Oeuli rubri.

A Kroyer in Kattegat ad Bornbcek (parte australi), a Doctore G.
Lindstkom ad Farsund in Norvegia aeceptus.

ON THE LYSIANASSA MAGELLANTCA ETC. 29

9. A. PINGUIS, A. Boeck.

Anonyx pinguis, Axel Boeck: Forhandl: ved de Skand. Naturfrs 8:de Mode,
1860 (tr. 1861), pag. 642.

This animal is also known to ns only by the description cited. It
is found on the west coast of Norway. In the form of the 7* tail-seg-
ment, which is divided only half-way, it approaches the above described A.
brachycercus , as also probably in a thick and stout form of body, but is
easily distinguished from it by having the lower back angles of the 3 rd cau-
dal segment rounded off. The flagelhim of the upper antennae has 20 joints
and the flagellum appendiculare 4, of which the first is long, with teeth on
the under side. The first pair of feet have the hand longer than the car-
pus, cut off at right angles at the lower end.

10. A. SERRATUS, A. Boeck.

Anonyx serratus, Axel BOECK: Forhandl. ved de Skand. Naturfis 8:de
Mode, 1860, pag. 641.
„ Edwardsii, C. SPENCE Bate : Catalogue etc. pag. 73, PI. XI, fig. 5.
„ „ Spence Bate and J. O.Westwood: British Sessile-K v., 1

Crustacea, T. I, pag. 94.

Easily distinguished from all our other species of the genus Anonyx
by the back border of the 31' caudalsegment's epimera being saw-toothed,
(fig. 50) and by the lower angles of these epimera being rounded off.
The back borders of the \>x and 2'"1 caudalsegments are also saw-toothed.

Forma corporis obesa, cpimeris niagnis, pedibus gracilibus non vero
longis, unguibus arcuatis. Longitudo circ. 7 millim.

Antcnnse superiores inferioribus breviores, flagello 9, et flagello ap-
pendicular! 5 articulis.

Mandibularum acies altero dente laterali plane obsoleto, et processu
accessorio distincto et ad latus alteram dentato. — Maxillarum l:mi pans
ramus interior elongatus, ultra medium rami exterioris porrectus, apiceque
bisetoso, palpus ad apicem truncatum dentibus 6, et aculeo uno. — Maxilla
2:di paris ramo exteriore interiore longiore et latiore. — Maxillipedes s.
pedes maxillares laminis inferioribus ad medium laminarum exteriorum por-
rectis, et ad apicem subsinuatum tuberculis tribus et setis ciliatis tribus;
laminis exterioribus ad finem articuli 2:di palpi extensis, et ad marginem
interiorem confertim nodulosis.

30 W. LlLLJEBORG,

Pedes trimci l:mi paris breves et robusti, segmento 3:tio dimidia lon-
gitudine segmenti 2:di multo breviore. Manus carpo longior, rectangularis ,
marginibus anteriorc et posteriore arcuatis, et margine inferiore sive palmaj
erenulato. Unguis crassus et brevis intus denticulo minimo. — Pedes trunci
2:di paris forma solita, manu carpo breviore et angustiore, subsemilunari ,
hirsutissima, angulo posteriore et inferiore producto et acuto, ungue minimo
intus dentato. — Pedes caudales ultimi ramis lanceolatis et aeuleatis non
vero setiferis, exteriore longiore.

Segmentum caudje 7:mum usque ad sed non ultra medium fissum,
fissura aperta. Latinise ad apicem aculeum unum, et in latere superiore
aculeos tres gerentes.

Ad Grip juxta Cbristianssund in Norvegia specimiua duo e 20 — 30
orgyarura profuudo et fundo arenoso accepi.

11. A. EDWARDSII, Kroyer.

Anonyx Edwardsii, H. Kroyer: Naturhist. Tidsskr. 2 Rsekke, 2 Bd. pag. 1.
„ „ R. BruzeliuS: Skandinaviens Ampliipoda Gammaridea,

pag. 46.

This species also we have never had an opportunity of examining,
and accordingly know it only by the descriptions given by Kroyer and
Bruzelius. According to the last named writer it is seldom met with on
our western coasts from Bohuslan to Finmarken. It is distinguished by
the form of the 7"' caudal-segment, which is short and broad, and has at
the back border a very shallow but clearly visible notch ; it has also a pro-
perty in common only with the following species, viz. that the claw of the
first pair of feet has on the inner side a tooth, within which is a row of
very fine saw-teeth.

12. A. L1TOKALIS, Kroyer.

Anonyx UtoraHs, H. KROYER: Naturhist. Tidsskr. 2 Rsekke, 1 B. pag. 621.
R. Bruzelius : Skandinaviens Ampliipoda Gammaridea,

pag. 46.

This species, like the proceeding, is distinguished by the form of
the last caudal-segment, which is onforked, and in the back border has only
a slight indication of inward curvature. It also has a tooth on the inner side
of the claw of Is pair of feet, and inside that a row of fine saw-teeth,
hut both these last and the tooth itself are larger than in the proceeding species.

On the Lysianassa magellanica etc. 31

On our coasts it is confined to the extreme north. M:r Doct. Th.
Fries has brought home & presented to the University Zoological Museum
a specimen taken by him on the coast of Warangarfjord.

Longit. 14 — 15 millim. Segmentum 3:tium caudae angulis inferiori-
bus et posterioribus acutis, non vero productis. Mandibular acie subtilissime
crenulata, utrinque dente sat valido, processu accessorio distincto, solito
raodo stiliformi, tuberculo molari medioeri denticulato et hispido. — Maxil-
lae l:mi paris ramo interiore parvo, rotundato. setis duabus, et palpo ad
apicem aculeis quinque. — Maxillae 2:di paris ramo exteriore interiore fere
duplo majore. — Maxillipedes laminis interioribus brevibus, ad apicem tu-
bcrculis tribus et setis duabus vel tribus; laminis cxterioribus etiam brevibus,
non apicem articuli 2:di palpi assequentibus, margine interiore noduloso,
nodulis discrctis (circ. 10), et ad margineni extcriorem prope apicem aculeo
mobili. — Pedes trunci l:mi paris brcvissimi et robustissinii, maim fere
quadrangulari, infra oblique truncata. Oculi rubri, o\ ato-reniformes.

13. A. HOLBOLLII, Kroyer.

Anonyx Holbollii, H. Kroyer: Naturhist. Tidsskr. 2 Radcke, 2 Bd. pag. 8.
„ „ K. Bruzelius: Skandinaviens Ampliipuda Oaminaridea,

pag. 43.
,, denticulatus , C. Spence Bate: Catalogue etc. pag. 74; pi. 12, fig.

2. - Mas.
„ „ C. Spence Bate and Westwood: British Sessile-Eyed

Crustacea, T. I, pag. 101. — Mas.

This species is distinguished from all our other species by having
the maxillipeds' outer laminae, which are crescent-shaped, furnished on the
inner margin with thickly set, comb-like, long, sharp teeth, 17 to 20 in
number, and by the baud of the 1st pah' of feet, which is oblong-oval, and
has the lower back angle obliquely rounded off, and is furnished with a smooth
and peculiarly long claw, which when pressed in reaches with its point back
to the middle of the hand. It might therefore be veury well considered as
the type of a separate genus. It is also remarkable for the 3 rd caudal-
segment's lower and back angles, which are carried out into a very, long
sharp point bent upwards, and for the mandibulae which have the cutting
or eggbearing end very small and the tuberculum molare very large hard and
prominent. The 1 st pair of maxillae have no side-teeth on the large spines
at the end of the outer brauch, and their palp has a great number of den-
ticles at the point. The second pair of maxillae have the branches very

32 W. LlLLJEBORG,

broad. Tlie flagellum appendiculare of the upper antennae has 3 joints,
with the Is joint longer than the other two pat together, and the point al-
ways turned upward. The lower antennae are in both sexes, but especially
in the male, considerably longer than the upper. The claw of the back
truncal feet is long and but slightly curved. We have found the body's
length 14 millini.

It is met with on our western coasts form Bohuslan to Finmarken,
an in one or two places, as for example Haugesund and Molde in Norway
we have found it not uncommon, where the bottom is sandy, and at a depth
of 12 to 50 fathoms.

14. A. OBTUSIFRONS, A. Boeck.

Anonyx Obtusifrons, Axel BOECK: Forhandl. ved de Skand. Naturf:s 8:de

Mode, 1860, pag. 643.

This species is known to me only by Boeck's description. The
flagellum of the upper autennae has 8 joints, of which the first is as long
as all the rest together. The first joint of the flagellum appendiculare is
particularly long and provided with several spines on the lower side. The
exterior laminae of the maxillipcds have some few scattered coarse teeth
on the inner margin. The 3nl caudal segment has its lower and back an-
gles drawn out into a long hook or point bent upwards. &c. It is taken
on the western coast of Norway.

15. A. TUMIDUS, Kroyer.

Anonyx Uimidus, H. Kroyer: Naturhist. Tidskr. 2 Raikke, 2 Bd. pag. 16.
„ „ R. Bruzelius: Skandinaviens Amphipoda Gammaridea,

pag. 41.

This species is by the nature of the mouth's appendages, by the
form of the hand belonging to the first pair of feet, and by the peculiarity
of its habits, so distinguished from every other species of the same genus,
that it might very well be considered as the type of a distinct genus. The
mamlibulae are remarkably small, have the egg-bearing end very small and
both side teeth exceedingly small, and are without processus aceessorius.
The tuberculum molare is very large but thin, brought up to a point and
destitute of bristles. The 1 pair of maxillae are short and have both
branches, especially the outer, very broad. The inner branch has at its
termination 5 coarse ciliated bristles, and the outer has a great many spi-
nes. The palp has the usual form. The 2nd pair of maxillae, which are

ON THE Ly.sIAXASSA MAGELLANICA ETC. 33

also short, have the inner branch very broad, and the outer much narrower.
The maxillipeds (fig. 51) are also short, but have the laminae exteriores very
large, and reaching about to the end of the 2 nd joint of the palp. The inner
lamina? are wery short, armed with coarse ciliated bristles at the end and
inner side. The exterior laminae have the internal margin almost smooth , but
immediately within the edge is a row of about 7 short spines , directed for-
wards, the points of which reach beyond the edge of the laminae, by which this
latter shows itself to be thinly set with spines. At the point they have a long
spine and beyond that three bristles. The hands of the first pair of feet
approach in form those of the genus Lysianassa, tapering towards the point,
almost conical, and the palm-edge not clearly defined. But the claw is
moveable and in some measure doubled back upon the posterior edge of
the hand. The whole back edge of the hand is furnished with small spi-
nes , and in front of these are a few (5) of larger dimensions. The claw
is not, as Kroyer states, divided at the point, but has however on the
inner side an almost invisible prickle. The branches of the last pair of
caudal-feet are distinguished by having, like those of the genus Hyperia,
fine sawteeth, the outer branch only on the inner margin, but the inner
branch on both margins.

It is found in the branchial-sack of Ascidice on our western coast
from the southern part of the Kattegat at least up to Christianssund in
Norway.

\. Gen. CALLISOMA, A. Costa.

Cum genere Anonycis maxima ex parte congruens, distinguitar tamen:
Pedes trunci l:mi pari* iisdem 2:di parvs nen crassiores, iiiterdnm grariliores,
sed longiorcs, ungue obsoleto vel absente. Ramus interior ma.rillarum l:mi
paris setis ciliatis sat multis praeditxs. — Laminae exteriores ma«iUipedum
margine interiore aculeato. Aculei ad apicem palpi maxittarwm l:mi paris
bifurcati.

Of this genus 4 species arc known, two froni Naples (Callis. Hopei
and pnnctatum A. Costa), 1 from England (Callis. crenata. S. Bate), and
one from Sweden and Norway.

1. C. KROYERI (Bruzelius).

Anonym Krdyeri, R. Bruzelius: Skandinaviens Amphipoda Gammaridea,
pag. 45, tab. II, fig. 7.

Callisoma „ C. Spence Bate : Catalogue etc. pag. 371.

Nova Acta Reg. Sue. Sc. Dps. . IIIe Sc;rk'. 5

34 W. LlLLJEBORG,

The 1st pair of truncal-feet are long and slender, longer than the
2" , and their hands have a very small and rudimentary (daw, concealed
by long bristles, on the baek border above the lower and back angle. The
hand of the 2ml pair of truneal feet has the lower and baek corner drawn
out so as to be almost cheliform. The upper antennae are shorter than the
lower; the 3,a caudal-segment's lower and back corners are rounded off;
and the 7 th caudal-segment deeply cloven, &c.

According to Bruzelius this species is to be met with on our we-
stern coasts from Bohuslan to Finmarken.

5. Gen. AC1DOSTOMA. n. gen. *)

Forma corporis et antennarnm rum genere Anonycis congruit, oiis
partes appendiculares tamen plane diversae. Labii rami laterales angusti.
Mandibulae processu accessorio, maxillae (rmi paris palpo, et palpus maanlli-
pedum ungue carentes, et hae partes oris conjunction acumen production prae-
bent. Pedes trunci l:mi parts rolatsti, manu prehensUL Pedes 2:di parts gra-
ciles, ungue carentes.

Of this genus we know of only one species, namely:

1. ACIDOSTOMA OBEgXJM (Spence Bate).

Anonyx obesus, C. Spence Bate: Catalogue etc. pag. 74.

„ „ C. Spence Bate & J. 0. Westwood: British Sissilc-Kycd

Crustacea, T. I, p. lJ8.

Descr. Corporis forma (fig. 53) obesa, dorso latiusculo et rotundato.
epimeris magnis, et pedibus brevibus et robustis, unguibus parum arcuatis,
angulis posterioribus et inferioribus scgmeiiti 3:tii eaudai obtusis. Longitudo
circ. 5 millim. — Color ruber; oculi rotundati, fusci

Caput parvuni, lobi laterales parum producti. Antenna siiperiores
(tig. 54) peduucoli segmentis 2:do et 3:tio brevibus. flagello articulis circ. 7
quorum primo brevissimo; flagelloqne appeudiculari longitudine flagello fere
sequali, articulis 5. — Antenna inferiores longitudine superioribua circ.
eeqnales, flagelli articulis 7.

Labium (fig. f>5, a) vonicrit'ornu', et labii partes laterales she rami
angusti (b,b), ad apiceni aeuininati et intus hispidi. .Mandibuhe (fig. 56) elon-

') From ilxi; a point and (fiti/tr month, because the mouth and its appendages
form a long projecting point.

On the Lysianassa magellanica etc. 25

gatse, processu accessorio carentes, acie utrinque denticulo niinutissimo. Tu-
berculum molare (a) non po.stice definitum. Palpus longus et gracilis,
segraento 2:do ceteris longiore, et segmento 3:tio ad apicem setifero. —
Maxillae l:mi pane (fig. 57) palpo cardites, angustse, ramo exteriore (a) et ma-
jore ad apicem dentibus curvatis et partim serratis circ. 8 armato, ramo in-
teriore minore ad apicem setas paucas gerente. — Maxilla? 2:di paris (fig. 58)
minores et adhuc angustiores, ramo exteriore interiore longiore, et anibo ad
apicem setiferis. — Maxillipedes (fig. 59) laminis interioribus mcdiocribus,
ad apicem setis 3 — 4, et laminis exterioribus maximis, fere semilunaribus,
marginibusque lsevibus, interioribus tantuni apicem versus nodulis minutis-
simis et obsoletis paucis instructis. Palpus ungue carens. laminae exteriori
longitudine circ. ajqualis, articulis elongatis, sed corum 4:to brevissimo.

Pedes trunci l:mi paris (fig. 60) breves et robusti, segmento 3:tio
dimidia longitudine segmenti 2:di breviore. Manus caipo circ. a-qualis, co-
nica, margine anteriore areuato et posteriore recto et minutissiine hupido,
prajtereaque setis majoribus. Unguis flexibilis, arcuatus et hvvis. — Pedes
trunci 2:di paris (fig. Gl) iisdem l:mi paris graeiliores et longiores, manu
valdc bispida, oblonga, fere sequilata, parum arcnata et carpo breviore et
angustiore, apice obtuso et ungue carente. — Pedes 3:tii et 4:ti paris (fig.
62, pes 3:tii paris) ungue artieulo unguit'ero paullubini breviore. — Pe-
des trunci trium pariuin posteriorum inter se fere eadem forma, breves et
lati (fig. 63, pes 7:mi paris), segments 2:d<> maximo et se(|uentibus eon-
junctis longitudine fere aiquali, postice infra serrato et antiee aeiileato; unguis
validus et modicc arcuatus. Pedes 5:ti et 6:ti paris segmento 2:do eodem
pedum 7:mi paris paullulum breviore. — Vesicula; branchiales aimplices.

Pedes caudales ultimi (fig. Ii4) ramis lanceolatis, exteriore angustiore
et longiore, apiceque tuberculo minimo.

Segmentum 7:mum candse (fig. G5) latum, fere rotundatum, ultra me-
dium fissum, laciniis apice obtuso et aculeo brevissimo instructo.

Ad Molde in Norvegia e profundo 30 — 40 orgyiarum et fundo argil-
laceo banc speciem hand fi-equentem invenimus. Doctor Lixdstkom earn
ad Farsund in Norvegia et in Bahusia accepit.

36 W. LlLLJEBORG,

»
»

EXPLICATIO FIGURARUM.

Tabula I.

Eurytenes magellanicus.

Fig. 1. Animal, magnitudine naturali. b', segmentum l:mum pedunculi antennae
inferioris.

„ 2. Caput cum antennis, a latere dextro visum, b, segmentum l:mum pedun-
culi antennaa inferioris.

„ 3. Caput, visum a latere inferiore. «{, «, antennae superiores. b, b, antenna'
iuferiores. e, c, labrum. d, </, mandibular d', d' , palpi mandibularum.
g, g, segmenta l:ma truncorum pedum maxillarium sive maxillipedum. ;/,</',
laminae extcriores maxillipedum, et g", g" eorum palpi.

„ 4. Labrum, «, et labium, b, a latere sinistro visa.

5. a, labrum. b, b, rami ainbo labii.
be. Labium (rami ambo) a latere superiors visum.

6. Mandibula sinistra, a latere interiore visa, a, acies. b, tubereulum mo-
lare. c, processus lateralis, d, palpus.

7. Mandibula eadem, a latere exteriore visa, eodem mode- signata.

8. Maxilla l:mi paris. a & a' ramus exterior sive truueus. b, ramus interior.
<.-, palpus.

„ '.). Maxilla 2:di paris. a, ramus exterior, b, ramus interior.

Tabula II.

Eutytenes magellanicus.

Fig. 10. Pedes maxillarcs sive maxillipedes. a, a, segmenta l.-ma truneorum. b, b,
segmenta 2:da eorum. //, lamina exteriores. c, c, palpi.
Lamina? intoriores maxillipedum.

Pan Laminae exterioris eorum cum margine interiore.

Pes dexter l:mi paris pad. trunci sive thoracicorom. a & 1, segmentum
lntuim. 2 — G Begmenta -alum — 6:tom.
14. res dexter trum-i 2:di pans. a& 1, segmentum Lnium, b, lamina matri-
calis sive capsularis. c, vesicula brancliialis.

»

11.

7)

12.

»

13.

On the Lysianassa magellanica etc. 37

Fig. 15. Pes dexter trunci 3:tii paris.

„ 16. Pes dexter trunci 6:ti paris. 1 &2, segmenta l:mum & 2:dum.

„ 17. Vesicula branchialis pedis trunci dextri 6:ti paris. a, truncus.

„ 18. Pes caudalis dexter l:mi paris. b, b, rami.

Tabula III.

Fig. 19 — 22. Eurytenes magellanicus.

Pes caudalis dexter 4:ti paris. a, ramus exterior, b, ramus interior.
Pes caudalis dexter 6:te paris. a, ramus exterior, b, ramus interior.
Segmentum 7:mum caudae sive appendix caudalis.
Epimerum dextrum segmenti 3:tii caudae.

Fig. 23 — 31. Anonyx longipes.

Antenna superior.

a&b, l>, labrum; c, c, labium, a latere dextro visa.

Mandibula.

Maxilla l:mi paris.

Segmenta ultima pedis trunci l:mi paris.

Segmenta ultima pedis trunci 2:di paris.

Pes caudalis 6:ti paris sinister, a & b, rami exterior et interior.

Epimerum segmenti 3:tii caudae.

Segmentum 7:mum cauche.

Fig. 32 — 34. Anonyx nanoides.

Pes trunci l:mi paris.
Pes trunci 2:di paris.
Epimerum segmenti 3:tii caudae.

Tabula IV.

Fig. 35 — 41. Anonyx pumilus

Fig. 35. Antenna superior.

36. Mandibula.

37. Segmenta ultima pedis trunci l:mi paris.

38. Segmenta idtima pedis trunci 2:di paris.

39. Pes caudalis G:ti paris. a & b, rami exterior & interior.

40. Segmentum 7:mum caudae.

41. Epimerum segmenti 3:ti caudae.

Fig.

19

»

20.

»

21.

»

22.

Fig.

23.

>j

24.

»

25.

»

26.

»

27.

V

28.

»

29.

»

30.

!)

31.

Fig.

32,

i>

33

»

34.

n

Fig. 42 — 49. Anonyx brachycercus.

Fig. 42. Antenna superior.

„ 43. Mandibula.

„ 44. Pes maxillaris. a, lamina interior, b, lamina exterior.

„ 45. Segmenta ultima pedis trunci lani paris.

Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sc. Ups., III? Serie.

38

Fig. 4G. Pes trunci 2:di paris.

„ 47. Pes caudalis 6:ti paris. a, ramus exterior.

„ 48. Segmentum 7:mum caudse.

„ 49. Epiinerum segmenti 3:tii caudse.

Fig. 50. Anonyx serratus.
Fig. 50. Epimerum segmenti 3:tii caudae.

Fig. 51. Anonyx tumidus.
Fig. 51. Pes maxillaris. a, lamina interior. b, lamina exterior.

Fig. 52. Anonyx ampulla.
Fig. 52. Mandibula. a, processus accessorius. b, tuberculum molare. c, palpus.

Fig.

53.

»

54.

»

55.

»

56.

>>

57.

»

58.

»

59.

»

60.

}>

61.

>t

62.

!>

63.

»

64.

>}

65.

Tabula V.

Acidostoma obesnm.

Animal a latere dextro visum.

Antenna superior.

a, labrum. b, b, rami labii.

Mandibula. «, tuberculum molare.

Maxilla l:mi paris. a & b, rami exterior & interior.

Maxilla 2:di paris. a & b, rami exterior & interior.

Maxillipedes.

Pes trunci l:mi paris.

Pes trunci 2:di paris. a, lamina matricalis.

Pes trunci 3:tii paris.

Pes trunci 7:mi paris.

Pes caudalis 6:ti paris. a, ramus exterior.

Segmentum 7:mum Cauda;.

A't'i'it Acta. Sodei Sen/*/ tfjtxal Si r .*> "-

ri i

Eurvtenes ma^ellanicus

\'<itff -irftt Sociri Sciewtt UpsaX Ser 3 ~

/'/.//

■ ■

Kim inics maeellanicus

Wova ./(in SodttSdcmt UptaL Ser3-

I 'I III

■

Wt. 1 9 -22.Eurvten.es mafcellamcus. Fi*>2.V")l. Anonvx lonOipcs.
Y\'i .VJ .Vi.Auonvx nanoxd'e s.

Nova .Uia Societ Sclent Upetd Sar 3i

PI II'

Fife.55-41 .\iion\.\ pumilus. Elg.42-49.An.onyx brachyceTeus,
Yvi 50. Anonvx serratus. Fi?. 51. Anonvx tumidus.
Fifc.52 Anonvx ampulla.

NbvaActa SocictSeicni UpsalSa .'!'

I 'I I

■

Acidostoma obesum

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