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844+ | Batracted from the Linnean Soctery’s JouRNAL—Zooroey,,

Viol}.

vol. xxvi.] feed Lee G/a

On the Marine Mollusca of Madeira " with Descriptions of
~~~ Thirty-five new Species, and an Index-List of all the known
Sea-dwelling Species of that Island. By the Rev. Rogrerr
Booe Watson, LL.D., F.R.S.E., F.1.S8. .
om [Read 6th May, 1897.]
(Pratrs 19 & 20.)
TueE species here described were chiefly obtamed in dredgings
which I carried on in Madeira between 1864 and 1874. Much
additional material was sent me by my lamented friend the late
T. Vernon Wollaston, as executor of the Rev. R. T. Lowe, who
dredged and collected from 1826 to 1872, when, with all his
treasures of botanical research, he was lost in the Bay of Biscay.
Some wreckage on the French coast from the s.s. ‘ Liberia,’ in
which Mr. Lowe had sailed for Madeira, was the only record of
all on board.

Tn addition to these gatherings, I have carefully gone over the
Mollusca secured by Mr. J. Yate Johnson in his 30 years’ study
of the various forms of life both in the deeper and shallower
waters of the Madeiran sea. It is to his collection that I owe
the Coralliophaga, which is by far the most important of all the
species presented here.

The entire list, including the: 35 new species which follow,
extends to 382 species.

When not otherwise mentioned, the species here given have
been collected by myself; I have been careful to note the fact
when this has not been the case.

= Bae
SECTION

List OF NEW SPECIES FROM MaDREIRA.

1. Cylichna spreta. 19. Scalaria Fischert,

2. Amphisphyra flava. 20. Smithia.

3. Philine complanata, 21, Aclis vitrea.

4. trachyostraca. 22 trilineata.

5. desmotis. 23. tricarinata.

6. Doridium laurentianum. 24, Eulima fulva.

7. maderense, 25. sordida.

8. Pleurobranchus Dautzenbergi. 26. badia,

9, —— Lowet. 27. rhaphium.

10. Nassa antiquata. 28. trunca.

11. Murex (Ocinebra) medicago. 29. —— inconspicua.

12. Trophon Lowet. 30. Odostomia omphaloessa,
13. Bittium depauperatum. 3l (Turbonilia) undata,
14. incile. 32. Schismope depressa.

15. Caecum atlantidis. 33. Montacuta triangularis.
16, Natica (Nacca) furva, 34, Coralliophaga Johnsoni,
17. Scalaria rhips. 35. Teredo Dallit.

18. aspera.

LINN. JOURN.—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXVI. 18

Division ‘

bo
vs
wes

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

Fam. ScaPHANDRIDE.
Gen. CyticHna, Lov.

1.* CYLICHNA SPRETA, 0. sp.

Shell smallish, oval, somewhat broad just below the middle
and contracted upwards, truncated above, where the edge is
carinated and thickened but not furrowed. Longitudinals: the
lines of growth are very faint, delicate, close-set, and hair-like.
Spirals: there are very slight and superficial microscopic scratches
which extend to the whole surface. Colour dull pellucid white.
Mouth club-shaped, bent, narrow above, widened but drawn out
and lop-sided in front. Outer lip rising from the outer edge
of the apex, bends back, and with a shghtly patulous front
makes a minute semicircular sweep round the top, whence with
a slight divergence in its direction to the right it runs straight
forward, with a barely retreating edge, till it nears the point of
the shell, where scarcely patulous it sweeps round and merges
with a very faint twist into the point of the pillar, continued up
the body as a mere film to its junction with the outer lip. <Apea,
which is contracted and small, consists of the round edge which
is thickened by a pad within the shell, in the centre is a somewhat
abrupt minute pore.—L. 0:09 in. B. 0°05.

This species a good deal resembles the young shell of C. ovata,
Jeffr., but has the mouth more bent, the swell of the body-
whorl lies bigher and is not so large, while the apex and the
front of the shell are smaller; the apical pore is also more
contracted.

The few specimens of this species I got from about 30 to
40 fms. off Porto Santo; they are nearly all quite young shells.

Gen. AMpHispHyra, Lov.

2. AMPHISPHYRA FLAVA, N. sp.

Shell globose, thin, glossy, brownish yellow, with large open
mouth and a hidden spire. Seulpture: there are faint soft longi-
tudinal undulations, and, like these, following the lines of growth
are very fine silky striations with a mere suggestion of spirals
in the structure of the shell. Colour yellowish with a faint
tinge of ruddyish brown. Spire very small, and sunk in a
minute pore-like depression. Whorls: that of the body, which
is alone visible, is shortly globose above, but, below this, on the
left is ‘hard twisted in round the pillar, while, in forming the

* These numbers correspond with those of the figures on Plates 19 and 20.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 235

mouth, it sweeps widely and freely away to the right. Outer
lip: it rises in the young shell barely perceptibly (in the older
shell, not at all) above the apex, with very little of an advancing
edge, and forming no sinus it turns at an obtuse angle and
advances a little obliquely but in a straight direction to the
periphery, from which, neither contracted nor expanded but
retaining its forward edge, it slopes slightly backwards, and then
makes a great patulous sweep round the base out to the left of
the pillar, from the tip of which, with a free circular sweep, its
sharp edge bends round to join the body, leaving behind it a
narrow groove and an open-mouthed, but minute, umbilical
depression, above which to the apex the mouth-edge is defined by
a broadish-spread, thin, whity film.—H. 0133. B. 0:13.

From Funchal Bay along the S. coast eastward to Punta Sao
Lourengo down to 50 fms.; rare. Mr. Johnson got one speci-
men ; I several, but chiefly young. It resembles 4. globosa, Lov.,
but differs in colour, in smaller body, in larger opener mouth, in
flatter top, and in sunken apex.

Fam. PHILINID&.

Gen. Purine, Ase.

3. PHILINE COMPLANATA, NR. sp.

Shell thin, tumid, smooth, a little oblique in form, and with a
flattened top. Sculpture: rather feeble, close, irregular lines of
growth. Colour pure white, translucent, not glossy. Spire
tabulated, nucleus slightly impressed, but the rest of the spire
becomes gradually a very little prominent. Whorls two and a
half, with a small mammillary nucleus. D/owth pear-shaped. Outer
lip open: it springs from slightly below the top edge, advancing
a very little, it curves at the top freely round and then runs
downward straight, but in its direction a little obliquely towards
the right ; across the base it sweeps with a free curve, is a little
patulous, and on the left rises to join the point of the pillar,
which is barely if at all prominent. nner lip more or less
curved; it runs a little obliquely but in a line of increasing
straightness, carrying the thin glaze spread on the body across to
the sharp-edged curved pillar, leaving behind it a minute chink
and a mere suggestion of an umbilicus.—L. 0°1. B. 0-067.

Funchal Bay, 50 fms.

This species resembles P. finmarchica, M. Sars, but is smaller,

18*

236 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

less tumid, and the outer lip does not, as in that species, rise
above the crown except, and but occasionally, in the very young
shell: the sculpture too is quite different.

4, PHILINE TRACHYOSTRACA, 0. Sp. (rpayvodorpaxos, rough-
shelled.)

Shell oval, but slightly truncated across the top, flattened,
thin, translucent, very rough and fretted on the outside surface.
Sculpture: the whole surface is very harshly roughened by a
network of coarse, sharp, narrow, unequal projecting bars, which
give a crusted appearance to the shell; where this network is
rubbed off the surface of the shell appears like frosted glass
fretted in squares: the longitudinal bars run on the lines of
growth, those which cross them are spirals. Colour: the surface
made up of the bars is dead dirty white. Spre: alittle sunken;
in the bottom of a small, open, funnel-shaped depression is the
mammillary apex, round which coil two whorls. Suture barely
impressed. Mouth pear-shaped, rather small. Outer lip rises
shortly, makes a short and narrow curve at the top, runs down
with a hardly prominent edge and but slight curve to the base,
where it sweeps round freely (but is barely patulous) to join the
point of the pillar. Inner lip: down the body from well inside
the mouth this lip projects as a narrow square-set shelf, which
dies off on the straight longish sharp-edged pillar, which is
slightly truncate at its point.—L. 0°11. B. 0:07.

Of this curiously marked Philine I got only two specimens,
one of them young—both from about 50 fms. Funchal Bay.

5. PHILINE DESMOTIS, 1. sp. (decpwres, enchained.)

Shell rhomboidal, but with the upper left-hand corner rounded
off; flattened, thin, but not fragile, horny, hardly glossy. Sculp-
ture: there are many unequal and somewhat irregular lines of
growth, coincident with whose curves are very fine microscopic
lines which seem to pervade the substance of the shell; crossing
these nearly at a right angle are impressed chain-like lines
whose links are 3 to 4 times as long as they are broad, towards
the lower edge of the shell these links are more and more elon-
gated, the raised surfaces between the chains are slightly wider
than the chain lines, and project on the edge of the shell which
they crenellate strongly above, more feebly but still more or less
traceably, especially in the young shell, all along its whole edge ;
a slight translucent pad encircles the top of the shell. Colour

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. DB

white, somewhat opaque, and with a yellowish tinge. Spire
not in the least prominent, the apex being small, mammiform,
and slightly sunken; round it rapidly enlarging, and defined
by a small slightly impressed suture, coils a single whorl whose
upper narrow, flattened but rounded edge slightly overtops the
apex. Mouth very large, being about 4 times as broad as the
body, narrowing above, it is very wide and scoop-like in front.
Outer lip perfectly straight and parallel to the axis, at the top and
at the base it turns quickly but roundly and a little patulously
to join the spire. Inner lip has a narrow thin appressed glaze
across the upper part of the very slightly oblique body; after
the glaze dies out, the thin sharp lip runs on with a slight twist
to join the outer edge of the shell.—L. 0°07 ; do. of the body-whorl
0:05. B. 0:056.

Punta de Sio Lourenco, Santa Cruz, Porto Santo, to 50 fms.
Not rare.

In shape this species is very like the young of P. aperta (L.),
but is slightly narrower; the outer lip does not rise so high as
in that species; the body-whorl is slightly narrower, longer, and
more parallel to the axis: texture and sculpture are of course
quite different, and the full-grown shells are utterly unlike. Than
P. scabra, Mill., this is broader, the top does not slope obliquely
down to the right; the body-whorl is narrower and not so much
swoln to the right, and its direction being more oblique the shell
is more narrowed upwards; the whole front of the shell below
is wider, opener, more scoop-shaped. The chain-link sculpture is
in a single row, and is only doubled when a fresh row first begins
to appear: the links are fully 3 times as long as they are broad,
Than P. catena, Mont., this is much wider, opener, and straighter .
the sculpture-chains are more distant from each other, and the links
are smaller and longer. P. Loveni, Malm, is much narrower, has
a larger body-whorl; the outer lip falls much short of the apex,
the chain-sculpture is double, and the links are much shorter.
P. cingulata, Sars, and P. quadrata, Wood, differ much from this
both in form and sculpture.

Fam. DorRIDIID&.

Gen. Dortp1um, Meckel.
6. Doriprum (?) LAURENTIANUM, n. sp. (Not figured.)
Body unknown.
Shell small, but relatively to its size strong, somewhat flattened

238 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

on both faces; outline trapezoidal, the front and back lines
being fairly parallel, though somewhat converging upward (7. e.
where the head of the animal would be); the lower edge is
rounded; the top of the shell is produced into a short oblique
wing-like extension, from which four to six short small bluntish
points project. This wing-like projection slopes downward to the
left towards the somewhat unformed nuclear top of the pillar, from
which it is separated by a small rounded sinus with a reverted
edge; below the nuclear pad the lip-edge is broadly but shortly
reverted, leaving behind it on the left a well-marked very oblique
umbilical furrow ; the whole mouth-edge is strong ; the front face
of the shell is slightly concave, the back is rather flatly convex.
The surface of the shell is somewhat rudely marked by lines of
growth, and microscopic, close-set, faint, regular longitudinal
markings can just be traced; the colour is translucent white,
only the embryonic knob is brownish and of a limy texture.

The living animal I never found, and only four minute shells
presented themselves in dredgings of 50 fms. from Punta de Sao
Lourengo, whence the specific name is taken.— L. 0°06. B. 0:036.
They are probably Doridiuwms. Of the four specimens, two
were unfortunately lost by a friend.

7. DoripIuM MADERENSE, n. sp. (Figs. 7, 7 a, 75.)

Boily about half an inch in length and a third of an inch in
breadth ; it is well arched; the foot is oval in contour, with the
mantle-covered square-fronted body just perceptibiy projecting
in front; while the tail, which is short, square, abruptly truncated,
hardly bifid, but with a slight tubercular prominence at either
corner, is more prominent behind; there is no flagelliform
appendix; the entire head is covered by the unbroken mantle
which extends over the body, either side of which is inlapped by
the mantle-flaps, as in Philine ; in the substance of the tail the
shell can be distinctly seen with the spire directed towards the
animal’s head, while in the body, rather on the left side, can be
traced (what is apparently the stomach and entrails) a slightly
opaque, elongately oval substance defined by a brownish outline,
but varying slightly in form and position. I failed to detect
either the branchial plume or the vent, though there is no mem-
branous lobe to hide these as in D. carnoswm, Cuv. (see Veyssiere,
Tectibranches, p. 48, pl. 11. 42). Colour: the whole animal is
opaque (or rather not quite translucent) white, dotted, especially

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADETRA., 239

on the foot, with a very few and extremely minute specks of
crimson, and each of the two tail-tips has a bright but minute
erimson fleck. Preserved in spirit, the animal’s colour changed
to a uniform brownish-black.

Shell: in shape like one outspread wing and tail of a bird
which has been cut longitudinally through the middle; in the
centre there is a small thickened nucleus, with a short pillar
and an open coil of one and a half whorls. In substance, colour,
and ornamentation it is much like the shell of Philine scabra,
Miull., or P. punctata, Clerk. A fine but distinct marginal bar
of somewhat varying strength, beaded on the outer face and pro-
jecting sharply on the inner face of the shell, runs round nearly
the whole edge, and three or four others occur at somewhat
irregular intervals between the upper and lower edges of the
shell. Besides these there are many spiral and longitudinal
undulations with much finer rounded spirals.—L. (body) half an
inch, B. 0°3. Shell, L. 0:09, B. 0°065.

Funchal, Punta de Sio Lourenco, Canical. From shallow
water to 50 fms.

The shells of this species I found not unfrequently, but only
one living animal presented itself. It lived with me for some
days. I never saw it swim—it always crawled, and then never
on the surface of the sand of the bottom ; as soon as it could it
passed in just below the surface, burrowing not deeply, but
forcing the sand to rise and pass over its back in a way very
curious.

Cf. Acera marmorata, Cantraine, Malac. Médit. p. 73, i. 2.
Doridium carnosum, Cuvier, and D. membranaceum, Meckel,
Veyssiére, Moll. Opisthobranches, pp. 44-49, pl. ii. 42-47.

Fam. PLEUROBRANCHID®.

Gen. PLEUROBRANCHUS, Cuv.

8. PrevROBRANCHUS DavTzENBERGI, n. sp.

Shell oval, flattened, fairly strong, white, dull outside but
glossy within. Sculpture: strongish, irregular and unequal lines
of growth, with longitudinal strie, similar to but keener than
those of P. plumula; the oblique furrow of that species is
entirely absent. Colour semitransparent to opaque yellowish
white. Spire: a small rounded knob lying well over to the
right and bent down on the back of the shell so as to be quite

240 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

dominated by the further growth of the first whorl, which rises
up ov the left and forms the most prominent part of the shell at
this end as it turns over with a sharp twist and encloses a small
pear-shaped body-space within the inner lip, which, with a sharp
finely-projecting edge, sweeps freely round and, slightly expand-
ing, runs straight down to the base, where, scoop-like and with a
semicircular curve, it passes round to form the sharp, barely
curved outer lip, which, parallel to the other, rises to or nearly
to the full height of the apex, leavimg, however, a small nick at
its junction with the apical whorl.—L. 0:18. B. 011.

A well-marked species, to which I have attached the name of
M. Ph. Dautzenberg, who, in conjunction with M. Henri Fischer,
is so ably working out the Prince of Monaco’s dredgings in the
‘ Hirondelle’ and the ‘ Princesse Alice’ at the Azores.

The species is not very common. I have the two specimens
of it got by the Rev. R. T. Lowe in 1829 at Magdalena. Another
of his specimens and a few of mine came from near Funchal, but
most of mine and one of his came from the east end of the south
shore towards Punta de Sio Lourengo.

Mr. Lowe has a note on the living specimen which he got at the
Gorgulho, near Funchal, that the “‘animal was white, subpellucid,
about 3 in. long,” that “ the edges of the mantle were loose and
floating, as in Sigaretus” ; the branchiz he says he had not seen.

9. PLrEuRoBRANCHUS LOWEI, n. Sp.

Shell strong, shallow, long, narrow-pointed and gathered in
at the caudal end, broad, flat and open at the cephalic end, with
nearly straight sides. Colowr white and translucent. Sculpture
fine sharpish regular lines of growth; of longitudinals, a sug-
gestion is traceable under the microscope in exceptionally good
light—-a very faint trace of such a diagonal impression as forms
so marked a feature in P. plumula, Mont., is visible on the
outside and shows more distinctly in the interior. Spire consists
of 33 well-rounded whorls parted by a distinct impressed, slightly
marginated suture ; the apex lies flat on the back of the shell
and a little behind the extreme point; the tip is minute, rounded,
and glossy, of a pale ruddy-brownish colour; from this point
the two sides slope away as a cloak hangs on a peg, and the back
of the shell is here well rounded. Mouwti spreads fully open
but for the small, long, narrow curved chamber which lies in
under the spire and the edge of the inner lip. Outer lip rises

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADETRA. 241

almost to the point of the shell, runs slightly obliquely towards the
right, then, with scarcely an angulation, it runs straight forward,
sweeps quite patulously in a semicircle round the front, and so
with a very gentle curve the inner lip, sharp-edged and a little
prominent, rises to the top, where it makes a quicker curve, and
then turns almost at a right angle in the line of axis to join the
base of the spire, where it leaves but half conceals a small shallow
umbilicus, round which the lines of growth appear as strongish
wrinkles, and the traces of longitudinal striw in exceptionally
good light seemed faintly more definite—L. 0°35. B. 0°17.

Of this species Mr. Lowe, in 1827, got one good specimen at
Labra, near Punta de Sao Lourengo, to the east of which I got a
quite unmistakable fragment. These, so far as known to me, are
the only representatives of this well-marked species.

Fam. NAassiIpD@.

Gen. Nassa, Lam.

10. Nassa ANTIQUATA, 0. sp.

Shell small, strongish, pale brownish white flecked with
chocolate-brown, compact, with a rather tall conical spire, a
small closely-coiled turbinated apex, a short conical rounded base,
avery short but strong pillar. Sculptwre—Longitudinals: on the
first three normal whorls are about 9 rather feeble ribs, helped to
prominence by a row of nearly adjacent small flattened tubercles
which run down them; on the lower whorls these riblets disappear
and only close sharp lines of growth appear, which come to
strength on the base but especially behind the outer lip, where
there is a flat strongish rather remote callus. Spirals: below
the suture there is a small, flat, slightly raised ribbon defined
on its lower side by a distinct stippled furrow ; this ribbon and
furrow begin to show on the third regular whorl, but are barely
traceable on the external callus of the outer lip; on each of the
upper regular whorls there are three pronounced rounded threads,
rising where they cross the ribs into tubercles and separated from
one another by narrow furrows; these spiral threads are barely
traceable on the intermediate whorls, but to the number of 9 or
10 become strong and crowded on the base; at the point is a
strong furrow, and below it a thread twisting round the pillar
and defining the canal; below it the pillar is scored by about six
threads and weak furrows. Colour a very pale ruddy brownish

242 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

white, which is porcellanous on the pillar and inthe mouth. Spire
somewhat tall, conical, with hardly convex profile-lines. Apex
small, pellucid white, consisting of three compact, turbinated,
slightly swoln, smooth whorls, the extreme tip of which is very
small. Whorls 9, conical, almost straight-sided, not constricted
below, with a short rounded base. Suture linear, scarcely im-
pressed, but distinct from a slight prominence of the subjacent
whorl. Mouth oval, short, not expanding, channelled above but
not in the lip; the canal at the pillar is narrow and deep, it is
inclined to the left and widens as it advances. Outer lip nearly
semicircular, but its curve is slightly flattened above and in-
tensified in passing round to the base; it has a little way within
the mouth about 10 teeth, of which one at the top, two in the
middle, and one at the edge of the canal are strongish; the
others are small, but all run some way into the mouth. Inner lip
well reverted and thickened, with an abrupt edge across the body;
on the base and down the pillar it leaves a small umbilical chink
behind it ; just within the mouth it bears a few flattened tubercles,
which vary in number and size; the tip of the pillar is well
flanged along the canal-edge.—L. 0°45. B. 0°22.

Rare—Funchal and Cabo Girao (Lowe, Watson).

None of the Nassas of our seas resemble this species, differing
as it does from them in its narrow compact form and in its
sculpture. Judging from figures, IV. glabrata, A. Ad., from the
Pacific is a good deal like in many ways, in some of its forms
especially. Amidst the inconceivable multitude of Ligurian
Tertiary forms figured by Bellardi it seemed probable that this
species might be found, but nothing satisfactory presents itself
there, nor elsewhere has the search among Tertiary fossils been
successful, though diligently prosecuted. I do not attempt a
comparison of it with NV. semistriata, Broc., nor with N. labiosa,
J. Sow., nor with the N. corniculum, Olivi, nor with the J. tri-
fasciata, A. Ad., nor with the N. Gallandiana, Fischer, for the
relation of these species has become more and more impossible
for off-hand treatment.

Fam. MuRIcipD&.

Gen. Murex, L.
11. Murex (OcrINnEBRA) MEDICAGO, Nn. sp.
Shell strongish, pale brown, rather stumpily biconical, with a

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADETRA. 243

tallish scalar spire, spinous whorls, a small but coarse tip, a
shortish base, and a flattened snout. Seulpture—Longitudinals :
there are no varices, but on each whorl 7 to 8 quite distinct
rounded ribs, which are made prominent by the small, open,
internally imbricated, upturned prickles, of which a prominent
series crowns each whorl at its shoulder a little below the suture ;
others similar, but smaller, crest each spiral as it crosses the
successive longitudinals ; the whole surface is covered with sharp,
thin, continuous forward-facing laminz, not close-set but some-
what crowded and imbricated on the crest of the ribs. Spirals:
there are 5 to 6 well-marked spiral threads on the last whorl,
about 8 on the penultimate, and 2 on the earlier whorls; the
first, which forms the shoulder, lies a little remote from the
suture ; the twisted snout is scored by the strong-vaulted old-
canal scars. Colour pale slightly ruddy brown, paler on the
tip and on the spines. Spire rather high, conical, subscalar.
Apex is small, but not fine nor sharp; it consists of 13 whorls,
which in very young and perfect specimens appear faintly ribbed ;
the extreme tip is semi-immersed. Whorls 7 to 8 in all; they
are flattened and very slightly declining from the suture to the
shoulder, from below which they are rounded and contracted on
the base to the somewhat small flattened and triangularly-shaped
snout, the point of which is slightly reverted and emarginated.
Suture indistinct. Mouth narrowly oval, rounded and patulous
above; in front there is a rather narrow, oblique, open canal.
Outer lip barely patulous, well arched, thin on the edge ; within
it has a feeble varix near the edge with 5 to 6 rounded but rather
feeble teeth. Inner lip with a slightly projecting thin edge ; it
forms a continuous curve across the body and then straight down
the pillar, the point of which is cut off abruptly and obliquely at
the canal, over which the edge projects sharply but without
closing it in; between this edge and the old canai-swelling iz 4
very slight and open furrow.—H. 0°6. B. 0:3.

Notcommon. Madeira, Punta de Lourengo to 50 fms.; Magda-
lena (dredged) ; Selvagem Grande, shore (Lowe, Watson).

This species somewhat resembles Lrophon Lowei, Wats., but
the shape of the whorls, of the apex, and of the mouth, as well as
the sculpture and colour, are different. Murex cristatus, Broc.,
resembles it most, but is narrower and differs in shape of whorls,
in sculpture, and in colour.

24.4. REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

Gen. Tropuon, Montfort.

12. TropHon Lowest, n. sp.

Shell strong, biconical, with a straight-sided spire and a very
small glassy turbinated tip; the snout is shortish but small.
Sculpture—Longitudinals: there are 7 strong, rounded, slightly
shouldered ribs which run continuously down the spire; they
rather tend to multiply towards the tip, where they pass into
being round tubercles; they are parted by slightly narrower,
shallow, rounded and open furrows; these, as well as the ribs,
are closely scored with small superficial harsh lines. Spirals :
there are on the body-whorl 12 to 15 narrow, slightly raised
threads, roughened but not squamated by the crossing of the
longitudinal threads; they are chestnut-tinted, with flattened
interspaces of about twice their breadth; in each of these le
more or less distinct smaller threads which are occasiovally
double ; a fine rounded thread encircles the top of each embryonic
whorl, but tends to die out in the later whorls. Colour yellowish
grey, with chestnut tint on the spirals. Spire straight-sided,
conical, slightly higher than its breadth above the body-whorl ;
in its upper part slightly scalar; the tip is sharp, very small and
prominent, and consists of the 4-whorled glassy turbinated
embryo-shell. Whorls 7 besides those of the embryo-shell ;
they are slightly shouldered below the suture, between which
shoulder and the suture they are slightly hunchy; the last is
rather small and slightly flattened. Suture not sunken, linear,
undulated. JZouth small, narrow, oval, pointed at both ends, not
expanded, exactly half of the shell in length. Canal rather
narrow, short, turned back and to the left behind the pillar.
Outer lip very slightly curved, not patulous, with a thin but strong
straight edge, strengthened externally by a strong varix-like,
somewhat remote rib, and internally by a strongish pad on which
project 6 stumpy, somewhat elongated teeth. Inner lip flat, sub-
patulous, extremely thin, but with a very slight straight edge,
which becomes a little stronger towards the point of the pillar ;
there a very small furrow appears behind the lip just where it
takes a slight twist ; at its upper end, just before it is joined by
the outer lip, a feeble tubercle occurs, helping to define an
indistinct gutter-like sinus, which does not cut the outer lip-edge.
Operculum small, narrow, slightly curved, ruddy chocolate in
colour; the apex is small and hes, when extruded, towards the

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 245

animal’s head, when retracted it points towards the canal.—
L. 08. B. 0°34.

Not common. Madeira, 50fms.; Labra; Punta de Sao Lou-
renco (Lowe, Johnson, Watson).

This is the species which McAndrew gives at p. 40 of his
Report as living on the “rocks” of the “shore;” ‘rare, species
obtained in Canaries ;” see also J. ¢. p. 82, where he says of it
“rare—white.” There are unnamed specimens of the species in
his collection both at Cambridge and in the British Museum.
On the shore-rocks I certainly never found it. Mr. Johnson’s
one young specimen came from a deepish-water coral, and
Mr. Lowe’s were dredged in Labra from a depth of some
fathoms; but one or two of them are oceupied by hermit-crabs,
whose presence seems to indicate shallow water.

This species most nearly resembles T. fusuwlus, Broc., but it is
narrower, flatter, with a narrower mouth; the sculpture is very
markedly different. It has some likeness to Murex cristatus,
Broc., and very worn specimens may be easily confounded, but
the two species are unmistakably different. I feel by no means
sure that this is not I. productus, Bellardi, Moll. Terr. terz.
Piemonte, pt. 1. p. 99, vii. 6; but bis description is very vague,
his measurements suggest a larger and narrower shell, and no
specimen is available.

Fam. CERITHIID!A.

Gen. Brrtium, Leach.

13. BITTIUM DEPAUPERATUM, N. sp.

Shell: a tall narrow cone with a contracted and produced base,
barely translucent, slightly glossy, of a uniform pale yellow
colour, occasionally palely brown banded. Sculpture: there are
weak spiral threads, of which, on the body-whorl, five lie above
the periphery and four on the base; these last are not cross-
hatched but simple; the furrows which part these ridges are
shallow and narrow; the number of the ridges and furrows is
fewer on the earlier whorls, on the 2nd whorl they are only two;
the threads are studded with rather blunt round tubercles which
run in continuous and somewhat diagonal lines across the whorls
—about 20 of these lines are on the last whorl; parallel to these
cross-lines the whole shell-surface is feebly and microscopically
undulated. Colour yellowish white, with occasionally a palish

246 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

ruddy-brown band on the lower two spiral threads. Spire fine
and regular with very straight outlines—the extreme tip though
small ends somewhat abruptly and flatly. Whorls 10, flat on
the side, of very regular increase. Suture neither broad nor
deep, but well marked—from the distinct though small con-
traction of the lower part of the superior whorl. J/outh small,
oval, angulated above, and having a small shallow gutter at the
point of the pillar. Outer lip flatly and regularly arched; the
tubercles of the exterior sculpture very slightly and indeed rarely
affect the inner surface. Inner lip thin but distinct, turned
back and appressed on the pillar, where it is perpendicular with
a slight twist resulting in a small tuberosity in front at the
upper edge of the gutter.—L. 0°24. B. 0°08.

This is a much slimmer form than B. reticulatum, da Costa,
with also a blunter apex; slimmer, too, than Bzttium incile, Wats.,
and with much straighter contours and narrower base, and with
smaller tubercles on the more numerous spirals. The species has
a far-off but yet distinct suggestion of a Cerithiella. Very rarely
a feeble varix appears on the last whorl.

This species I found abundantly on the south coast of Madeira
and at Porto Santo, but it does not seem to have presented itself
to other collectors.

14. BrrriuM INCILE, n. sp. (Figs. 14 & 14 a.)

Shell a tall narrow cone, but somewhat coarse both in
sculpture and in its proportions; its contour-lines are very
slightly curved, and from the periphery the base contracts slowly ;
its whorls are glossy, strongly defined, and almost turreted.
Sculpture: the bluntly rounded apical whorl is microscopically
and very faintly spiralled and longitudinally marked; the three
following whorls have 2 and the succeeding four whorls 3 strong
spiral ridges; on the base below the periphery there are 3 of
these ridges, the last forming the bulge of the column ; none are
varicose, they are all strong but not very projecting, the appear-
ance of prominence which on the spire they present being largely
due to their being set with coarse rounded tubercles some 16 on
each ridge, arranged in very regular longitudinal lines across the
whorls ; the longitudinal grooves which part them are broader
but hardly so deep as those which separate the spiral ridges; the
whole surface of the shell is microscopically but roughly fretted
with sharpish longitudinal and ruder spiral lines; on the base

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 24:7

below the tubercles lies a small plain encircling thread, with a
small narrow groove, within which lies a stronger ridge, these
two ridges and the furrow between them are pale in colour,
sometimes speckled; within the last of these ridges is a strong
furrow, and then the strong ridge forming the twisted columella ;
this ridge and the furrow beyond it are stained deep chestnut.
Colour varies from dark brown to ruddy chestnut, with a whitish
band round the top of each whorl occupying the highest and
extending sometimes to the 2nd spiral ridge, with an occasional
intrusion to the ridge-tubercles here and there. Rarely the
shell, though quite fresh, is pure dead white. Spire rather stumpy
for the genus; the apex, though small, is not drawn out, and
ends in a small, rounded, half-immersed tip. Whorls 9 to 93,
rarely 10, nearly flat on the side, of slow and very regular in-
crease ; relatively to the axis of the spire the longitudinal ridges
run a little transversely. Suture very strongly marked, but its
in-girdling appearance is due, not so much to its depth and
breadth, as to the way in which the succeeding whorl projects
below it. Mouth irregularly rhomboidal, with a small gutter
rather than a notch at the point of the pillar. Owter lip straight
and sharp, very slightly indented on the base, where it sweeps
round with a semicircular curve to the point of the pillar, which
leans away from it diverging slightly from the line of the axis.
Inner lip has on the pillar a thin but well-marked projecting
edge, which thins across the body but recovers its strength at the
upper corner near the outer lip. Operculum small, elliptical,
thinnish, paucispiral, with a central nucleus; the outer surface
is closely scored with fine, curved, radiating lines densely crossed
by a minutely microscopic tissue whose lines show the curves of
growth.—L. 0:22. B. 0°075.

Madeira, Porto Santo, Selvagens, Grand Canary.

This species is found very abundantly. Mr. McAndrew,
however, does not refer to it, nor did IJ find it in other collections.
It is the same as a species sent to me from the Mediterranean
as B. lactewm, Phil., but which is, I think, distinct from that
species ; the longitudinal spiral and basal threads are the same
in number, but in B. incile the apex is smaller and more
sunken, being neither so much produced nor so scalar as in that
other; the contour-lines of the shell, too, are distinctly convex,
not straight ; the last whorl is more contracted, while the base is
attenuated and rounded, not square.

248 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

Fam. Cmcerp&.
Gen. Cacum, Flem.

15. CCUM ATLANTIDIS, n. sp.

Shell very small, thin, transparent, of a dull glossy white,
a good deal bent, subannulated. Sculpture: there are towards
the tip a few sparse, somewhat feeble, but rather sharply
topped, encompassing rings, which die out on the concave curve
of the shell; one or two similar but feebler rings appear
near the mouth; on the intermediate space undulations rather
than rings are traceable; the whole surface is marked by faint
lines of growth, and excessively minute, sharp, densely crowded
microscopic longitudinal striz. The apex is closed by a flat
somewhat impressed plate, from the forward side of which pro-
jects a short, blunt, laterally compressed triangular plug. The
mouth, which is circular, is neither contracted nor patulous.
Operculum thin, impressed, brown, with circular lines of growth.
—L. 0:085. B. 0°022.

C. vitreum, Carp., is larger than this species, and lacks its
sculpture and circular rings, and has contraction of the lip. The
plug in C. atlantidis is like that of C. trachea, Mont., but the shell
is much smaller than in that species; the circular rings are not
close-set but are well parted; their tips are not flattened but
sharp or rounded. C.atlantidis, without being rare, is certainly
not common, and was not found in the collections of Lowe,
McAndrew, or Johnson. I got it only at Porto Santo. For the
beautiful figure of this species I am indebted to the Marquis de
Folin, who was kind enough to draw it for me.

Fam. NaTicip2”.

Gen. Natica, Adans.

16. Nartca (Nacca) FuRVA, n. sp.

Shell white, with two dark smoky bands which are some-
times absent but sometimes occupy nearly the whole shell, which
is pretty strong, depressedly conical, with a small but a little
raised spire and rounded whorls ; the last of these is large, with
an open mouth; a continuous white porcellanous pad fills the
upper part of the mouth and nearly chokes the umbilicus.
Sculpture—Longitudinals none, but lines of growth which,

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA, 249

however, from the suture a good way downwards present them-
selves as well-defined rounded curved riblets parted by narrower
but open furrows; these riblets cease rather suddenly and pass
into very faint lines of growth. Spirals none. Colour porcel-
lanous white, somewhat translucent except round the whorls
below the suture; below this dead-white band lies a broadish
smoky-brown band, which in the upper whorls encircles their
base ; in the body-whorl below this dark band a white band of
about the same breadth occupies the periphery ; below it on the
base is a slightly narrower dark band ; the whole base round the
umbilicus is white, but there is often a rusty tinge in the
umbilicus and on the edge of the umbilical pad; there are colour-
variations from uniform pure white to dark brown, with a pale
base, but the spire has always a dark tinge. Zpidermis: there
are traces of a hard, corneous, yellowish-brown integument.
Spire unusually small, but well-exserted and with a minute
prominent dark tip. Whorls 43, not in the least angulated or
gibbous; those of the spire are unusually small; the body-whorl
is large, and gives breadth to the shell in spite of being longitudi-
nally and obliquely drawn out. Suture scarcely oblique, linear.
Mouth semi-oval, open, long rather than large, the whole plane
of its edge retreats extremely from above to the base ; its height
is nearly four-fifths of the whole height of the shell. Outer lip
thin, well arched, retreating to the base, but from that point
advancing slightly to the pillar. Inner lip oblique, nearly
straight, thickened by a broad white porcellanous pad which
fills the whole upper corner of the mouth, projecting there in a
blunt, low, rounded prominence ; the face of this pad projects
bluntly all the way to the point of the pillar, it crosses the body
with a straight well-defined edge whose direction is oblique;
where it quits the body to join the rust-stained umbilical pillar-
pad it is more or less deeply cut by the umbilical furrow which
sometimes feebly, sometimes very strongly, twists out round the
pillar, circumscribing it markedly but failing to cut in on the
edge of the inner lip, which here to the point of the pillar is
shortly reverted and slightly thickened. Umbilicus is sometimes
a mere depression, but normally is a strong but rather narrow
furrow coiling round the pillar and deeply penetrating the
middle of the shell. Operculwm calcareous, pure white, pretty
strong, lustrous, fairly flat, but slightly padded in the nuclear
region, from which a very slight rounded swelling curves with
LINN. JOURN.— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXVI. 19

250 » REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

the progress of growth; outside of this swelling lies a small
shallow, open, but well-defined furrow, beyond which on the
extreme edge of the operculum rises a single small, simple,
narrow flange.—H. 0°47. B. 0°42.

The marked features of this species are the curved radiating
riblets below the suture, the two smoky bands, the small dark
prominent spire, the sharp apex, and the entire absence of the
slightest trace of the reddish-brown flammulations some trace
of which is always visible in JN. variabilis, Récl., and NV. Dill-
wynii, Payr. It is very common from the whole coast of Madeira
and of Porto Santo, from 10 to 50 fms. I found it sparingly
represented in the collections of Mr. Lowe and of Mr. Johnson.

Fam. SCALARIIDS.
Gen. Scatarta, Lam.

17. SCALARIA RHIPS, nD. sp. (pi, wicker-work.)

Shell small, conical, rather strongly but sharply ribbed and
spiralled ; carmated round the smooth and flattened base, a high
narrow spire, depressed whorls which are rounded at their
profile,an impressed suture; it is dull, somewhat ruddy, and has
a small, conical, fine-tipped, pale chestnut-coloured, smooth em-
bryonic apex. Sculpture—Longitudinals: there are on the 5th
(7. e. last) whorl 22 prominent but narrow palish ribs cut off
at the basal carina, separated by smooth surfaces of double their
breadth ; they follow closely the plane of the axis, and slowly
diminish in number all the way up the spire. Spirals: there
are on the body-whorl 5 prominent spirals very similar to the
longitudinals, beneath which they pass without forming knots
but throwing out these others somewhat sharply ; of these spirals
the two at the periphery are stronger than the others and
slightly more distant from each other; the wide flattened base
(whose edge projects slightly beyond the curve of the last whorl,
and thus forms a carina) is microscopically scored with curved
radiating lines and with much ruder but fainter spiral threads.
Colour somewhat ruddy, with rather paler ribs and base, the
pillar being almost white, while the apex is glossy chestnut.
Spire high and narrow, with barely convex profile-lines. Whoris
54 exclusive of the apex; they are rather short, with a rounded
profile. Suture strong and deep, very little oblique. Apex a
very beautiful glossy pale chestnut little cone of 4 whorls, which

MARINE MOLLOUSCA OF MADETRA. 251

are microscopically marked with spiral and longitudinal strie ;
the extreme tip is shghtly immersed, small, bluntly rounded ;
the basal whorl of these four is slightly tumid, with a minute,
flatly spreading edge, from within which the regular growth of
the shell begins abruptly. Mouth slightly elliptical. Zip not
fully developed.—H. 0°14. B. 0:06.

This is a singularly beautiful little shell; among the Scalarias
of the Italiau tertiaries there are some species that faintly recall
the Madeiran form; among living species S. decussata, Kien.
(not Pease), alone has some slight features of resemblance, but
they are very slight. The sculpture is like wicker-work, and
hence the name of the species. I got only one young specimen
from 50 fms. in Funchal Bay.

18. SCALARIA ASPERA, N. sp.

Shell ruddy, small, high and narrowly conical, roughly fretted
on the whole surface, strongly ribbed, tuberculately carinated
within the rounded base, and with an oblique, impressed, and
crenulated suture. Seulpture—Longitudinals: there are on each
whorl up to the very top 10 or 11 strong, narrowish, rounded not
outspread ribs, running continuously with a slight trend to the
right from whorl to whorl down the spire, on either side of which
is one stronger than the rest, that on the outer lip being peculiarly
prominent ; the interspaces are rounded and slope up the sides
of the ribs ; towards the top of the spire they are nearly crowded
out by the ribs. Spirals: the whole surface of the shell is
covered by irregular, unequal, flattish rounded threads, of which
about 30 of the larger can be counted on the body-whorl; but
there are others smaller past counting; all these spirals, both
larger and smaller, are sharply densely crenellated by tooling
produced by minute tubercles which often run over into fine
longitudinal threads; well within the base round the pillar runs
a very coarse string-keel which towards the lip is strongly con-
tinuous and rises on the ribs in low swoln rounded tubercles.
Colour a dull ruddy hue as if dusted over with a palish powder.
Spire high and narrow, with very straight profile-lines. Whorls
7, exclusive of the embryonic apex which is broken off; they
are small but not short, slightly hunchy beneath the suture, but
very slightly convex below. Sutwre oblique, impressed, and
rather strongly crenulated. Mouth circular, but a little flattened

on the upper inner side. Zip a minute sharp, not expanded
Lo*

252 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

flange projects round the edge of the mouth, attached as a shelf
across the body ; it projects minutely down the pillar, but leaves
no chink behind it.—L. 0:2. B. 0-08.

From 50 fms., Funchal Bay.

This species has so much character, that though I found only
one possibly young and not quite perfect specimen, I do not think
it will ever be difficult to recognize. It is more like S. tortzlis,
Wats., ‘Challenger’ Gaster. p. 139, ix. 1, than any other I know ;
but that species has a shallower and less oblique suture with
flatter-sided whorls, and the whole sculpture, but especially
the basal keel, is totally different. 8. funieulata, Wats. (J. ¢.
p- 141, ix. 4), is still more divergent. It is certainly not the
S. crenulata, Linn., of the Canaries, nor the 8. Hotessieriana,
d’Orb., of Cuba. It belongs to the very marked and curious
group which, besides those referred to here, includes the S. longis-
sima, Seguenza, the S. torulosa, Broc., and several others given
by Sacco from the Italian tertiaries, and by Deshayes from the
Paris basin.

19. Scataria FIscHERT, n. sp.

Shell small, delicate, translucent, with short, rounded, de-
pressed whorls, a scalar spire whose whorls are each rather
more contracted at the bottom than at the top, fine close-
set spurred ribs and very distinct spirals, a strongly impressed,
not very oblique suture, and asmall base. Seulptwre—Longitu-
dinals: 23 or 24 thin projecting riblets, which crowd the surface,
and from each of which close to the suture rises a small tooth,
often broken off. Spirals: of these some 17 to 20 can be counted
on the 2nd last whorl just above the corner of the mouth ; they
are rounded, well raised, can be traced as they cross the riblets,
and are, like the whole surface of the shell, fretted with minute
longitudinal scratches. Colowr translucent white. Spire high
and narrow. Whorls 7, exclusive of the embryonic tip; they
are short, with a rounded profile, but lie like somewhat oblique
slabs from the depth and straightness of the suture and the ex-
pansion of each whorl below the suture in consequence of the
minute projection there of the tooth which crowns each rib.
Suture deep, strongly marked by the flat shelf below it on the
top of the succeeding whorl ; it runs somewhat obliquely but in
a very straight line across the shell. Ape has a peculiar almost
metallic sheen, is a very perfect, rather high, fine-pointed cone,

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 253

which, as set on the spire, slightly diverges from the axis of the
shell ; it consists of 4 full whorls, flat-sided, glossy, faintly striated
longitudinally, which are parted by a barely impressed, slightly
chestnut-tinged suture. Mouth very slightly elliptical in the
axial line, the pillar being little curved. Zp patulous all
round and flat-edged, except just where it crosses the body-whorl,
and is there attached so as to leave no umbilical chink whatever.
—H. 0:25. B. 0:09.

My specimens are nearly all young, but the size was measured
from the juxtaposition of 2 or 3 larger, well-preserved fragments.
The apex, the suture, the shape of the whorls, the stumpier form,
the crowded longitudinals bespurred close to the suture, the
crisper spirals, and the absence of any approach to an umbilicus,
markedly differentiate this species from S. Smithii, which super
ficially it seems very like.

Not rare, from deepish water along the S. coast from Funchal
to Punta de Sao Lourengo; other collectors did not meet with it.
I have named the species in remembrance of my much lamented
friend Dr. Fischer, of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris.

20. Scatarta SMITHIT, n. sp.

Shell. small, with short, rounded, slightly depressed whorls, a
spire which is a little scalar, fine translucent mucronate ribs,
very delicate spiral threads, a slightly impressed little-oblique
suture, and a rounded umbilicated base. Sculptuwre-—Longi-
tudinals: on the lower whorls there are about 20 fine sharply
projecting translucent riblets, which run in a slightly oblique
discontinuous line from whorl to whorl down the spire, on the
earlier whorls they are somewhat fewer in number; on each
riblet, slightly above the periphery, there projects a small nearly
right-angled tooth—very often broken off. Spzrals: there are
about 15 to 20 very fine rounded little raised threads, which tend
to become fainter about the periphery of each whorl. Colour
saccharine white. Spire high and narrow. Whovr'ls 6 (exclusive
of those.of the apex); they are rather short and tumid, markedly
broader below than above, and are of very regular increase.
Suture fairly impressed and rather oblique. Apex: 3 complete
rounded whorls form a small high regular blunt cone on a
small base set on a little to one side of the axis of the spire;
these whorls are microscopically barred longitudinally. Mouth
almost quite round, not small. zp sharp-edged, not patulous,

254 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

level-fronted, slightly detached (in the full-grown shell) from the
body, and leaving behind it a small distinct funnel-shaped
umbilicus.—H. 0°17. B. 0°07.

This species very much resembles 8. Fischert, but is distinct.
It is a larger form, the spire is in proportion broader, the whorls
are rounder and less depressed; the apical whorls are 3 not 4,
they are smaller and the way in which they are set on the top of
the spire is peculiar; the spiral threads are sparser, flatter,
' finer, and more rounded, and at the periphery somewhat fainter ;
the longitudinal ribs are fewer and sparser ; the minute tooth on
these, when present, occurs lower on the whorl (that is, nearer
the periphery), while in S. Mischeri it comes very near the
suture; the base of the embryonic apex is much smaller. I have
named the species after Mr. E. A. Smith, of the British Museum,
whom often, and always profitably, I have had occasion to
consult. Specimens, several in number, were mixed up with
shells of S. Fischeri I had got from Funchal and Punta de Sao
Lourengo and also from Porto Santo, Madeira.

Gen. Actis, Lov.

21. ACLIS VITREA, 0. sp.

Shell thin, hyaline, glossy, tall and narrow. Sculpture:
there are very faint unequal lines of growth ; a very feeble spiral
angulation is sometimes traceable round the base of the whorl.
Colour glossy, transparent white. Spire high, with very regular
narrow outline and a bluntish rounded half-immersed tip. Whorls
7; their curve is a very regular flattened arch. Sutwre shallow,
oblique. Mouth a full round oval, small. Outer lip thin,
prominent, but toward the body it is drawn back almost into a
sinus, somewhat expanding on the base. Inner lip thin, sharp,
and patulous; its connection across the base with the outer lip
is long and very filmy. Umbilicus a small funnel-shaped shallow
depression.—L. 0°08. B. 0°029.

This species is a good deal like 4A. Walleri, Jeffr., but is much
smaller, with 7 instead of 10 to 11 whorls; the spire is much
broader, the tip much larger and coarser in proportion to size,
the whorls are longer, more regularly rounded, much less ex-
panded round the axis, and the contour of each is more com.
pressed, the suture is more oblique, the mouth smaller, lip open
rounder.

This species is abundant in deep water from Funchal to Punta

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 255

de Sao Lourengo, and from Porto Santo. The animal is dark
green in colour. I have met with it nowhere but in my own
dredgings.

The shell somewhat resembles that of Aclis Gulsone, Jettr.,
but is very much smaller, the spire is much more contracted
and ends in a minute knob of a point, the outer lip is inflected
instead of being prominent and expanding, the suture is much
deeper, and the whorls are more prominent and rounded.

22. ACLIS TRILINEATA, 0. sp.

Shell thinnish, semitransparent, rather glossy, longish, narrow
with squarish outlines. Sculpture: there are on each whorl 3
very strong rounded but slightly crested threads, absent on the
embryonic tip, faint on the two succeeding whorls but well-
marked on all the others—no others appear on the base; the 1st,
which is the strongest, lies a little remote from the suture and
forms for the whorl a well-marked shoulder; the 2nd, though
helped by the bulge of the whorl, is barely more prominent than
the first; the 3rd is slightly feebler than the others, and lies
near but quite clear of the suture: besides these there are faint
close-set microscopic striations and vaguer traces of longitudinal
markings ; the furrows between the threads are shallow and
rounded. Colour white and semitransparent. Spire high and
narrow, ending a little abruptly in a small rounded, not pro-
minent tip. Whorls 63. From the suture there is a downward
sloping shoulder to the first thread, from which the very straight
contour-line runs down parallel to the axis, and with scarcely
any contraction into the suture below. Swtwre broad, open, and
shallow, rather oblique. Jowth oval, rather large. Outer lip
thin, with a free convex sweep. Inner lip thin, shar p, and
prominent, with a well-rounded curve it spreads very thinly
across the body. Umbilicus a shallow, small, funnel-shaped
depression.—L. 0:08. B. 0°03.

Of this species I got only 5 specimens (and of these but one
full-grown) in deep water from the east end of the island. The
shell slightly resembles A. ascaris, Mont., but is smaller, less
delicate in the whorls, spire, and tip, and is different in
sculpture.

23. ACLIS TRICARINATA, 0. sp.
Shell strong, rather stumpy, semitransparent, and somewhat
glossy. Sculpture: excessively strong spiral keels project from

256 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

each whorl, from below the embryonic whorl two of these appear
on each succeeding whorl, weaker than these a third one lies just
above the suture and runs out on the last whorl at the corner of
the mouth nearly as strong as the other two: on the base a
similar but weaker keel encircles the pillar. These keels are parted
by a flat shallow furrew, which is rather over *001 in. in width, and
which is scored across by pretty close-set distinct but not strong
round-topped longitudinal threads, which again are scored by micro-
scopic spiralstriz; these striz, but hardly the longitudinal threads,
are visible on the top of the spiral keels. Colour white, glossy, but
hardly brilliant. Spire high and narrow, with a blunt, globular,
regular, one-sided, hyaline, glossy tip, cousisting of one whorl on
which some very faint longitudinal strie are doubtfully traceable.
Whorls 6, with a contour very much angulated by the spiral
keels and the broad sunken suture. Swtwre is wide, deep, and
rather oblique. Mouth obovate, rather large. Outer lip has a
sweep which in itself regular is much disturbed, especially on
the base, by the spiral keels and furrows, these give the thin lip-
edge an unfinished appearance. Inner lip somewhat irregular,
from the forward tip to the umbilicus it is patulous and slightly
curved; where it strikes the base the curve is obtusely and
roundly angulated; across the body the lip runs in an oblique
straight line with a projecting strongish edge till past the um-
bilicus, when it lies close back on the body and though thinner
continues till it joins the outer lip. Umbilicus is a deep narrow
chink.—L. 0:08. _B. 0°035.

This species I found sparingly (some 25 specimens) at the
Gorgulho shore, and in deeper water at Punta de Sao Lourenco.
It is the unnamed “rare” species which McAndrew gives
(Geog. Distrib. p. 32) as dredged by him in 12 fms. at Orotava,
Tenerife, and specimens of which are in his collection. At first
sight the shell is startlingly like the Hydrobia bicarinata, des
Moulins, from the South of France, but the differences are very
marked.

Fam. EULIMIDS.
Gen. Eutmma, Risso.

24, EULIMA FULVA, 0. sp.

Shell shining but not brilliant, very small, straight, with a
blunt rounded tip, slightly convex whorls, and a slightly produced
somewhat truncate base. Sculpture: lines of growth are just recog-

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 257

nizable under the microscope, but the surface is not very glossy.
Colour a rich deep chestnut, with a pale yellowish narrow band
round the base of each whorl and occupying the outer lip and
extreme base of the shell. Spire narrow, with straight outlines,
the whorls being barely rounded. -Apea small, but very bluntly
rounded, and its two sides are scarcely unequal. Whorls 6; of
regular and slow increase, barely rounded. Swtwre slightly
oblique and a little impressed. Mouth rather short and somewhat
broad. Outer lip has the edge slightly simused near the body
and convex to the base—in direction it runs straight; on the
broadish base it is fairly patulous and in its curve regular.
Inner lip a longish but very little convex curve across the body
to the point of the short pillar; it is a little thickened, but not
in the least expanded.—H. 0067. B. 0-027.

In deep water at the east end of the island—not rare.

This species is very like HL. Jeffreysiana, Brus., but is smaller
and narrower, with fewer, less rounded whorls, a much blunter
spire, a shorter base, and a much shorter and rounder mouth ;
its colour also is a much deeper richer chestnut.

It is absent in all the other collections I have seen.

25. EULIMA sORDIDA, D. sp.

Shell shining, very small, straight, with a very narrow spire,
very blunt tip, barely convex whorls, very blunt base, and oval
mouth. Sculpture very doubtful, if any. Colour a sordid
yellow. Spire narrow and straight. Apex very small, but blunt
and round; its two sides are very equal. Whorls 7, of very
regular and slow increase, almost perfectly flat on the sides.
Suture scarcely impressed, but visible from the transparency of
the shell-—-hardly oblique. Mouth very small, oval, but narrow
pointed at the top. Outer lip: its edge advances a little from
where it leaves the body, but the whole curve of the mouth is
very regular. Inner lip is very slightly patulous on the pillar
with a minute chink behind it, and it is very feebly angulated
where it joins the body.—H. 0066. _B. 0:024.

Punta de Sio Lourengo—rare. Found only by myself.

This species is very much less like H. Jeffreysiana, Brus., than is
E. fulva. From the latter it differs in being smaller with nearly
a whole whorl more, it is narrower, the mouth is smaller and
rounder, the base more truncate, the whorls are less rounded,
the suture less impressed, the apex is smaller and rounder, and

258 REV. R. 8. WATSON ON THE

even in bleached specimens the paler and whiter colour is
well marked.

26. EULIMA BADIA, 0. sp.

Shell small, brilliant, dark brown, conical, with straight
contour-lines, a smallish mouth, a rather attenuated base, and a
very small tip. Sculpture: there are minute hair-like lines of
growth with some very faint superficial and irregular spirals.
Colour a deep rich chestnut, darker than in E. fulva; the
extreme point of the base is pale and transparent. Spire high
and narrow, conical, with straight contour-lines which do not
perfectly correspond on the two sides. Apex exceedingly small
and sharp, but round withal. Whorls 9, of exceedingly slow
and regular increase and just perceptibly rounded in outline,
the first three being markedly more so than the others; the
last one is small, but that is from being short rather than narrow.
Mouth oval, rather small, and not much pointed above. Outer
lip thin, well arched, with an edge retreating well above and
advancing not very much at the periphery. Inner lip very faint
on the body, thickened and somewhat expanded on the pillar,
behind which is a slight umbilicus; at the base the pillar is very
slightly truncated—H. 0-1. B. 0°044.

Very rare. The few known specimens I got at Punta de Sao
Lourenco.

The sharp apex and larger size differentiate this species
markedly from £. fulva, which it resembles in colour. In
general appearance it is like H. Jeffreysiana, Brus., but the apex
is distinctly sharper, the contour-lines of spire are straighter, the
whorls are shorter, of slower increase, and of more convex out-
line; in shells of the same length, 2. Jeffreysiana has one whorl
fewer. Ihave no doubt’ some one will say they are the same,
but that will none the less be a mistake. Than the young of
LE. stenostoma, Jettr., this is much finer in the apex and is broader
in its proportions; like H. gracilis, F. & H., in apex, it is of a
stumpier form. Than #. Philippii, Weink., this is slimmer,
the spire is not bent, the base is more elongated, the periphery
is not carinated. With the young of larger species it is needless
to compare so slim and small a form; a careful comparison
fully confirms one’s first impression of diversity.

z7. EULIMA RHAPHIUM, 1. sp. (pagioy, a small needle.)
Shell very small, very narrow throughout its whole length

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 259

with a very small tip, an attenuated base, and a small narrow
oval mouth. Sculpture none, the surface being glassy. Colour
hyaline white. Spire exceedingly high and narrow ; the contour-
line on the right is quite straight, that on the left slightly curved,
but both are perfectly uninterrupted by any swell of the whorls
or contraction of the suture. Apex minute and symmetrically
rounded. Whorls 11, of very slow and regular increase, the
last is both short and narrow but not contracted. Mouth
small, narrow, oval, pointed above. Outer lip thin, straight, its
edge hardly retreats above or advances at the periphery. Inner
lip has a slightly thickened edge and curves very regularly
across the body and down the pillar, with hardly the slightest
furrow behind it; it bas no truncation at the base.—H. 0:11.
B. 0°03.

One specimen I got from deep water in Funchal Bay.

This is a very much slimmer form with a finer apex and
narrower spire than any of the other Madeiran species, none of
which in their youngest state approach it in these respects ; even
the small form of H. Philippit, Weink., of the same length is
much broader, has fewer whorls, a much larger base, rounder
mouth, and more projecting outer lip. 2. psila, Wats., from the
W. Indies, resembles it most, but is a larger shell with a coarser
apex.

28. EULIMA TRUNCA, n. sp.

Shell conic-oblong, ivory-white, strong, straight in all its lines,
with a broad short base and sharp tip. Sculpture none, the
whole surface being brilliantly glossy ; but a feeble flattened
varix appears on each whorl and runs interruptedly up the
spire. Colour ivory-white, but very slightly pellucid. Spire
high and conical, with very straight contour-lines, the whorls
being just barely rounded in outline. Apex very small and
sharp, but very slightly impressed. Whorls 9, of very slow and
regular increase, the upper ones just barely, the lower not at all
rounded in outline, the last is short with a truncated well-
rounded base. Suture hardly oblique, slightly abruptly but
distinctly impressed. Mouth fairly oval, but with its curve on
the left-hand side a little constricted, shortly pointed above.
Outer lip thick, with a rounded edge which has a feeble and
wide sinus above and a slight forward curve about the periphery
of the shell. Inner lip a good deal thickened and well defined

260 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

across the body, but still more on the pillar, at the point of
which is a very shallow sinus.—H. 0°2. B. 0:1.

Found by Mr. Lowe in dredging near Punta de Sao Lourenco,
near which I also got it as well as on the Gorgulho shore to the
west of Funchal.

This species slightly resembles E. paivana, W., but is larger,
with a sharper apex, a more abrupt base, straighter contour-lines,
flatter whorls, a shallower but more sharply impressed suture.
I have examined H. Stalioi, Brus., with which Jeffreys (P. Z.S.
1884, p. 368, xxvill. 8, 3a), simply followed by Tryon (Manual,
vit. p. 275, lxix. 53), on examination of my specimens, identified
this shell. The Madeiran species is certainly not that figured
by Jeffreys and copied by Tryon; but Brusina, I believe,
questions the correctness of Jeffreys’s identification, and the
figure with a strangely bent spire as given in the P.Z.S. (loc.
sup. cit.) is obviously not the same as Brusina’s figure in Journ.
de Conch. 1877, and described in the same journal for 1869,
p- 242. The L. glabella of Searles Wood is a much (three times)
larger shell, and has, ike Brusina’s species, a more obtuse apex
than H. trunca of Madeira. E. microstoma, Brus., and EL. inter-
media, Cantr., are both much slimmer forms, and especially in
the spire narrower. The varix in the Madeiran species resembles
that of E. polita, L., a very much larger species with a much
narrower spire.

29. EULIMA INCONSPICUA, N. sp.

Shell small, narrow, but less contracted in the spire than
most species, thin, translucent, straight, with a produced base, a
shortish narrowly oval mouth, and a small tip. Seulpture none,
but the surface is dull. Colour translucent white. Spire high,
not bent, but the contour-lines are slightly convex. Apex very
small and sharp. Whorls 10, barely convex, of regular but not
very slow increase. Suture very slight and scarcely at all
oblique. Mouth smallish, oval, narrow, pointed above. Outer
lip thin, sharp, rather straight in its direction, well rounded
and patulous on the base; near the body it retreats, forming a
marked sinus. Inner lip slightly concave, on the body almost
imperceptible but a little thickened and reverted on the pillar,
where its well-defined edge is marked by a slight chink; at the
point of the pillar there is a slight truncation.—L. 0°13. B. 0°04.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 261

Very rare. The only specimens of which I know were got at
Punta de Sao Lourengo.

Compared with LF. intermedia, Cantr., this, besides being smaller,
is narrower, has a longer base, a more slowly contracted spire, and
aslightly larger apex. 2. microstoma, Brus., has a shorter rounder
mouth with a more truncate and slightly broader base. The
E. glabra, Jeftr. Iightn. & Pore., P. Z.S. 1884, p. 367, xxviii. 2),
is slightly ke this species, but is a much larger and stronger
shell, with a broader coarser apex and a larger mouth.

Fam. PYRAMIDELLID@.
Gen. Oposromta, Flem.

30. ODOSTOMIA OMPHALOESSA, 0. Sp. (Oupaddecca, umbilicated.)

Shell small, conical, translucent, dullish, with a somewhat
swoln umbilicated body-whorl, a shortish spire, and a small
abruptly truncated tip, across which the sinistral embryonic shell
lies on its side. Sculpture none but very faint lines of growth :
there is no keel at the periphery even in young shells. Colour
translucent, almost transparent, with a slight ruddy tinge, so
that the general appearance isa little horny. Spire short, small,
of few whorls ; conical, with a small truncated tip crowned by
the sinistral embryonic shell which lies on its side across it.
Whorls 43 exclusive of the embryonic tip, fairly curved in contour,
and not compressed; the last in particular is large and a little
tumid, with freely curved outlines: it makes up 2 of the shell’s
height. Sutwre is strongly marked, being neither shallow nor
narrow : its line is very little oblique. Mouth short and round,
the length being to the breadth very nearly as 5 to 4, very little
pointed above. Outer lip sweeps with a very free curve all
round, is not inflected above, and is barely patulous below.
Inner lip is very thin and barely convex on the body, which it
quits rather early (breaking scon but not immediately into a
strong but short tooth), very slightly reflected, not straightened
down the pillar, at the point of which it is barely patulous and
is not angulated. Umbilicus wide and open, but soon contracted.
—H. 0°07. B. 00386.

Rather common, but absent in other collections than my own.

This species is rather like a small O. acuta, Jeftr., but is less
conical, has the whorls, especially the last, more tumid and
rounded, with no keel round the base nor on the periphery even

262 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

in the younger shells, has the suture less oblique and deeper, the
mouth is rounder, the pillar is not straightened nor the lip
flattened and produced at the base, the umbilicus is freer, even a
little larger, and the pillar-tooth lies a little higher on the body-
whorl.

31. Opostomia (TURBONILLA) UNDATA, ND. sp.

Shell cylindrical, strong, dull, pure white. Seulpture—Lon-
gitudinals strong, rounded, slightly oblique ribs, of which there
are 16 or 17 on the penultimate whorl, but they are dispropor-
tionately numerous on the last whorl, where they become narrower
and more crowded near the lip-edge ; on the base they are feebly
present, they are separated by strongish rounded furrows; they
are traceable up to the tip, but not on the embryonic whorl; on
the later whorls one or two are varicose. Spirals: there are no
definite threads, but there is a very faint suggestion of close
superficial microscopic puckering extending to the whole surface,
but very obscure. Colour a dull glossy deadish white. Spire
high, less conical than usual, that is broader in the upper and
narrower in the later whorls than most of the group. <Apee
abruptly and somewhat squarely cut off, the extreme tip being
slightly immersed, leaving in profile a minute rounded dome.
Whorls 6, very equally rounded and loosely twisted, the last is
just 4 the total length of the shell. Swtwre rather deep, but
small and very little oblique. AZouth widely oval, bluntly pointed
above, slightly patulous on the base, rather more than a fourth of
the whole length. Outer lip not sharp, bent in but not sharply
at its junction with the body-whorl just below the periphery ;
its whole curve is very regular. Inner lip as a mere glaze and
very little obliquely it crosses the body, is scarcely angulated at
the pillar, down which it runs with a very sharp but barely pro-
jecting edge, and only at the extreme point of the pillar (where
it becomes faintly patulous and forms a slight angulation in
curving to the right) does the lip palpably project. There is no
umbilicus and no pillar-tooth— H. 0°15. _B. 0°05.

Extremely rare. Two specimens are all I found; they came
from the Gorgulho shore.

At first sight this species is very like O. elathrata, Jeffr., with
which Dr. Gwyn Jetlreys at first classed it, but afterwards
revised his opinion. That species is more transparent, less of a
dead white, is more conical, has smaller ribs with spiral strie,

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 263

a smaller and more narrowed apex, and a more turned-over tip,
the mouth is narrower, the pillar-edge more prominent, and
there is an umbilical chink.

Fam. PLEUROTOMARIID2.

Gen. Scuismope, Jeffr.

32. SCHISMOPE DEPRESSA, n. sp. (Figs. 32a, 326, 32 c.)

Shell very small, hyaline white with a tinge of pale brown,
obliquely depressed, flattened above, with a minute apex and
linear suture, a large sub-circular mouth, and a large half-
funnel shaped fissure for an umbilicus; its last whorl is cari-
nated on its upper surface by the raised edges of the scar
of the respiratory orifice. Sculpture—Longitudinals : there are
on the earlier whorls close-set radiating riblets which are some-
times obsolete, and in all cases degenerate on the base and
on the later whorls into mere threadlets widely parted; the
whole surface is further scored by sharp radiating curved
scratches. Spirals: nearly half of the last whorl is keeled (but
not angulated) by the canal-ridge which rises well within the peri-
phery, and leads to the narrow oblong respiratory orifice which
is formed in the shell as it grows, and is plugged up at its pos-
terior end as the shell-edge is pushed forward in growth; along
the interior of the shell the edges of the disused canal project in
a minute sharp-edged flange; on the outside from the front of the
orifice on to the mouth-edge an irregular depression (visible
within the mouth also) scars the shell-surface ; the shell-substance
shows no trace of this interruption in the earlier whorls, and the
strong oblique downward bend of the last whorl only arises with
the expansion of the last whorl and very shortly before the
respiratory orifice claims a place. Above the keel the flat surface
is scored by about ten fine threads and furrows which become
fainter and sparser near the suture ; below the carina the whole
surface is similarly but more strongly and irregularly scored.
Spire very much flattened, apew hardly raised. Whorls barely
three, of sudden increase. Suture scarcely impressed. Mouth
large, gibbous like a nearly-full moon, excessively oblique,
Outer lip greatly descending, flat above, well rounded but
scarcely patulous below, where at the pillar-point it forks and
the outer edge of it sweeps round a little within the edge of the

264 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

umbilicus, and rejoins the pillar-lip at the corner of the mouth.
Inner lip projects very slightly, is a little patulous, and leaves
behind it only a broad umbilical fissure. Across the body it is
hardly curved, and joins the outer lip almost at a right angle.
—H. 0:025. B.0:032. Mouth: H. 0:021; B. 0:017.

Common from Funchal eastward and at Porto Santo, deep water.
Tt does not seem to have been observed by any one but myself.

If the shell be really nacreous, the layer of nacre must be so
transparently thin as to give no opalescent reflection. The
species is very like S. tabulata, Wats. (‘ Challenger’ Gasterop.
p- 117, viii. 7), but is very much smaller in all its dimensions,
especially in height of spire; in spite, too, of superficial resem-
blances, it differs in sculpture, the riblets being here much fewer
and feebler and more curved, the canal-keel and respiratory hole
lie much nearer the suture, the spirals are feebler, the last
whorl too is larger and not so much contabulated. It should be
noted how deceptively different the adolescent is from the full-
grown shell.

This is the shell a hasty identification of which from my speci-
mens led Dr. Gwyn Jetireys to quote Scisswrella costata, d’Orb.,
for Madeira.

Fam. ERYCINID2.

Gen. Monracura, Turt.

33. MontTacuTa TRIANGULARIS, 0. sp.

Shell triangularly round but not at all rhomboidal, some-
what tumid, strongish but almost transparent, bright but not
brilliant. Sculpture fine, close-set, somewhat unequal concentric
lines of growth. Colour clear white. Epidermis, none visible.
Margin rotundly oval but for the upward and backward promi-
nence of the beaks ; the edges of the valves meet directly with
very little expansion at coming together. Beaks small, rounded,
sufficiently prominent to give a triangular aspect to the shell; they
are somewhat nearer the back end of the shell, towards which but
still more upward they slightly turn. Hinge-line broken into a
right angle by the beak; the edge is long and very narrow in
front, behind it is comparatively very short and broad. Hinge-
plate has a deep triangular cleft from the interior of the shell to
the beak ; in the right valve on either side of this cleft there
rises a solid little rounded tooth; in the left valve the cleft is

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 265

bordered by a remote longish narrow lamina which rises into a
small rounded prominence. Jnside glossy, with a suggestion of
faint radiating lines in the inner substance of the shell.—L. 0°13.
H. 0:09.

Rare; but found by Mr. Lowe and Mr. Johnson as well as
myself. I dredged it both at Funchal and at Punta de Sao
Lourengo. This species is much more triangular than I. biden-
tata, Mont., and much more oval than WZ. striata, Mont.

Fam. CYPRINIDS.
Gen. CorattiopHaa@a, de Blainv.

34. CORALLIOPHAGA JOHNSONT, n. sp.

Shell very irregularly rhomboidally oval, the straightish hinge-
margin which runs out in front to a small bluntly rounded
corner being vaguely parallel to the rounded lower margin, while
the oblique straight but slightly incurved front line is in a way
parallel to the easy sweep of the convex, almost semicircular
curve of the posterior margin: the valves are tumid above and
in front, but are a little compressed behind and below ; they are
in substance thin, subpellucid and fragile, with fine sharpish
but unequal concentric lines of growth. Colour dirty yellowish
white, with a chestnut tinge towards the beaks. Hpidermis very
thin, worn off except towards the hind margin, where it shows a
tendency to slight irregular puckering. Beaks small, rounded,
polished, pointing forwards, and bent in on the hinge-line so as
to meet one another; they lie a little in front of the middle of
the dorsal margin. Margins: they fit quite closely, and, where
the lips are not inverted, meet one another in the face abruptly,
except below where the shell is slightly flattened out. Ligament
ruddy brown, thin but strong, prominent, short, ceasing abruptly
at the beaks. Hinge-line straight, narrow. Teeth: there are
three small rounded lamine in each valve, forming a little shelf
on the inner side of the hinge-margin; they are nearly parallel
with the hinge-margin ; the front one, which is a little hummocky,
is the shortest ; the second, which is directly under and behind
the beak of the shell, is longer and more compressed; while the
posterior one is somewhat vaguely spread out and cut up ; in the
left valve it is a little more developed than in the right, other-
wise in the two valves the teeth are very much alike. Inside not
nacreous, but doubtfully opalescent, only vaguely fretted, quite

LINN. JOURN.— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXVI. 20

266 REY. R. B. WATSON ON THE

smooth and shining, but not polished except on the muscular
scars, of which the anterior, semilunar in form, is pushed up
iuto the extreme front rounded corner of the shell, while the
hinder one, also placed very high, is oval; the two are connected
by astrongly marked but narrow ragged-edged pallial line, which
below and behind retreats into a broad, very shallow sinus.—
H. 055. B06.

Mr. J. Yate Johnson, whose name I have attached to this
very interesting species, got the few specimens known of it
in a mass of oysters and corals dredged up from over 30 fathoms
off Funchal. On superficial examination I took it for Modiolarca
trapezina, Lam.; but Mr. Edgar A. Smith kindly examined it for
me, and he assures me it is a Ooralliophaga, and distinct from any
in the British Museum. The young shell scarcely shows the
compressed posterior and the expansion below which characterize
the adult.

Fam. TEREDINIDS.

TEREDO, L.

35. TerEpo Dat it, n. sp.

Shell small, convex, solid, translucent, glossy internally and
externally, scored by a very slight ridge and minute furrow from
the beak to the point of the shell, and by a fine sharp line which
curves across the surface from the beak to the front marginal
angle, answering to a fine raised white rib in the interior.
Sculpture: the front area is covered with low, rounded, fine
(sometimes, but rarely, strongish) threads, the excessively minute
but somewhat irregular microscopic serration of which is almost
wholly confined to the upper edge, from which, however, it faintly
extends to the lower side of the flat furrow above; where these
threads abut upon the ends of the answering mid-area ridges
their termination is sharply defined by a small but strongly
marked furrow, which curves down with posteriorly convex sweep
from the beak to the apex of the right angle at the margin where
the front area and the central area meet. On the central area
the ridges are stronger, are nearly contiguous, and are much
more strongly and obliquely serrated, almost tubercled. In
number they are usually about 20; but even in specimens of
equal growth the number sometimes amounts to 30. Behind this
mid-area is a shallow flat with a slight depression, sometimes a

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 267

furrow, across which the tails of the mid-area ridges spread
somewhat rudely in concentric upward-facing curves; the back-
edge of this is a very regular curve from the apex to the point,
and which drops rather abruptly into a little shallow furrow,
beyond which the thin flat concentrically-undulated posterior ear
projects (somewhat as in 7. megotara, Hanl.), placed rather low
but still quite on the shoulder of the sheil; a very shallow obtuse
angle lies between this ear and the back margin of the posterior
area. In the young shell this ear is generally somewhat ob-
solete; the ear-edge is not reverted. Dorsal line not much
irregular. Beaks are like smallish round knobs from which,
somewhat posteriorly, a minute cup-shaped process projects per-
pendicularly, while the apophysis springs from the same knob but
alittle farther back: it is like that of Z. megotara, Hanl.; it is a
curved, very slightly twisted, shortish narrow ribbon projecting
rather directly towards the lower point of the valve; ‘its front
edge is slightly roughened but not thinned out; the inside is
glossy ; above the beak it is shortly reverted along the hinge-
line, which is only slightly hollowed out and furrowed. In the
belly of the shell two very marked ribs run divergingly from
behind the beak to the margin: one, narrow but prominent and
well defined, corresponds exactly to the curved sharp impressed
line on the outside formed at the junction between the fine
horizontal threads of the front area and the stronger perpen-
dicular ones of the middle area; the other has more, though im-
perfectly, the character of a projecting shelf to strengthen the
attachment of the ear. At the narrowed and somewhat inturned
point of the shell is the usual rouuded tooth or knob.—H. 0°15.
B. 0°12.

This species (whose name I have borrowed from my eminent
friend of the Washington Smithsonian Institution) is from the
south-eastern coast of Madeira, but the precise locality I failed
to note. It varies very greatly in the number of the threads on
the entire area of its outer surface. On specimens of much the
same size I counted of these from 12 to 37. At first sight it seems
very like 7. Stutchburii, de Blainy.; but on closer examination
the differences stand strongly out, and the two species may be dis-
tinguished at once by the sharp line of demarcation (like that of
Xylophaga dorsalis, Turt.) between the threads of the front area
and those which are their prolongation at right angles down the
middle area, and the distinction is even more visible in the fine

20*

268 REY. R. B. WATSON ON THE

but very distinct white riblet which on the inner face of the shell
follows this external line. A similar feature seems to exist in the
T. chlorotica, Gould, a Pacifie Ocean species which unfortunately
I know only from description, and that (both of Gould* and
Tryon t) is too vague and too divergent from the Madeiran
shells to allow of guesses as to its relation to the species from
Madeira, of which, moreover, the pallets are wanting.

INDEX-LIST
OF THE SEA-DWELLING Mo3uusca oF MADEIRA.

I have called this an Index-List in justification of the alpha-
betical arrangement adopted.

Geographical details will be found in the Presidential Address
to the Conchological Society for 1890, published in the ‘ Concho-
logical Journal,’ vol. vi. no. 11, July 1891; and it will suffice to
note here that a special interest attaches to Madeira from its
position as a point where the Mollusca of Western Europe, of
the Mediterranean, of West Africa, and even of the North
Atlantic and Eastern North America, find a centre of con-
vergence. The list of collecting stations is given below.

To the specific names which follow are added for each the
author’s name, and the title and date of the publication in which
it appeared, with the addition of at least one reference to some
easily accessible illustrated work. Somewhat more is added
where difficulty more or less obvious exists. Novelties in
nomenclature have been shunned. Except when actually wrong,
authors have been left to their own mode of spelling, with a
general impression that, as in the instance of the word Gastero-
pod, it is a little presumptuous to correct Cuvier when backed
by Homer in declining yaorjp. Subgenera have been very
sparingly introduced, and the writer has abstained as much as
possible from manufacturing species out of those trifling varia-
tions to which every living creature is subject.

Two lists of the Mollusca of Madeira have been already
published: the one of McAndrew, presenting in his Report to
the British Association of 1850 the results of his collecting and

* Gould, Inverteb. of Massachusetts, 2nd. ed. p. 33, fig. 360.
t+ Tryon, Amer. Mar. Conch. p. 131, figs. 292 to 294.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 269

dredging during “‘a few days spent in the Madeira islands ;” the
other, published in 1889, that of Prof. Nobre, enumerating the
species collected by Mr. Ernesto Schmitz of the Seminario de
Funchal.

McAndrew individualizes 156 (I follow his reckoning) species,
but 29 are unnamed, and of the remaining 127, three (Dentaliwm
dentalis, Marginella guancha, and Neritina viridis) have crept in
by mistake, and with almost equal certainty the same may be
said of four others (viz. Poromya granulata, Pectunculus siculus,
Murex cristatus, and Amphisphyra hyalina). Besides these, four
were wrongly identified, viz. Bulla ampulla, Chiton fascicularis,
Pecten maximus, and P. opercularis; finally, Rissoa purpurea,
probably a slip for &. violacea. Thus 12 more have to be
deducted, leaving 115.

The other list, “ Contribucides para a Fauna Malacologica de
Madeira,” was published in the ‘ Instituto,’ no. 8, 1889 (Porto),
by Senhor Augusto Nobre. It contains the names, but barely
more, of 93 species: one of these, Litorina canariensis, d’Orb.,
is merely the young form of L. striata, which also occurs in the
list; another, Trochus conuloides, is a re-duplication of TZ. zizy-
phinus. Five more, viz. Mytilus edulis, Tellina serrata, Natica
flammulata, N. Alderi, N. Josephina, “ dredged at Funchal,” require
confirmation. Marginella Philipp? calls for further examination.
Hight, therefore, of Nobre’s 93 species must for the present be,
I think, excluded*. Of the 85 which remain, 59 were already
given by McAndrew, so that 26—not an inconsiderable addition
—swell McAndrew’s list of 115 to a total of 141 known species
in all. To these I now add 35 new species and 206 previously
determined species—that is, 241; bringing up the entire number
of observed Mollusca from the Madeiran sea to 382.

This result has come about through a combination of circum-
stances not very usual. During ten years’ residence in Madeira
I had opportunity to collect and dredge. In 1874 the collections
of the Rev. R. T. Lowe, continued from 1827 to 1872, were
sent to me by his literary executor, my lamented friend Mr. T.
V. Wollaston. In 1896 Mr. J. Yate Johnson (instead of him-
self publishing, as I had long hoped he would do) seut to me his

* Fuller criticism of this List will be found in the Presidential Address to
the Conchological Society, 1890, J. c. supra. Six more of the species given in

the List should, I fear, have been excluded: see, at the end here, a strange
list of dredging products.

270 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

very valuable collection, the accumulation of very many years.
The mutual relations of these different collections are supplied
in the following list, where, for the sake of shortness, M. repre-
sents McAndrew; L., Lowe; N., Nobre; Jn., Johnson; and
W., Watson.

If my reference to dredging-depths is somewhat indefinite, it
is so left on purpose. Unable personally to superintend this
dredging, I have only the boatmen’s testimony to the obedience
rendered to my order that dredging should go down to 50 fms.
One, indeed, of my four boatmen was honest, but truthfulness
is not a notable characteristic of the Funchal boatmen ; and it is
not in human nature, uncoerced, to do more troublesome work
at 50 fms. than the easier at 20 or 30—especially when to those
engaged the work appears silly, and their employer is regarded as
a madman.

I have gratefully to acknowledge counsel and help from the
late Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, from Mr. Edgar A. Smith of the British
Museum, and from the Marquis of Monterosato. To the last
especially I am indebted for determining (and that with Medi-
terranean specimens sent me for comparison) the very hopeless
wave-beaten fragments of Vermetide with which I have had
to deal.

Names and Depths of Dredging or Collecting Stations.

Canic¢al, towards east end of the Island. 10 to15 fms.

Cruz, Santa; 7 to 8 miles east of Funchal. 10 to 50 fms.

Cruz, Porto da. North coast to deep water.

Cruz, Punta da. Shore to deep water. Two miles west of
Funchal.

Desertas shore. Islands 20 to 30 miles S.E. of Funchal.

Funchal. Shore to 50 fms.

Gorgulho, Fort. Shore west of Funchal, and some shallow
dredging.

Labra*; bay east of Canical. Depth uncertain.

Lourengo, Punta Sao, extreme east end. 15 miles from Fun-
chal; to 50 fathoms.

* Abra is Arabic for a bay or mooring-place; the letter L of the Madeiran

name is probably the article. The Moorish “reivers” for long found the island
a happy hunting-ground.

=

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 271

Machico ; east of Santa Cruz. 10 to 15 fms.

Magdalena; 13 miles west of Funchal. Shallow. A jar, how-
ever, with some shells within it was brought up entangled
in a fisherman’s line from 100 fms.

Moniz, Porto; the furthest north, and almost the furthest west,
point of the north coast. Shore.

Piedade; south coast near the east end. 25 to 35 fms.

Ribeiro Secco ; north coast off Fayal. 10 fms.

Santo, Porto. Large island 35 miles north-east of Madeira.
Shore to 50 fms.

Seixal; shore, north-west coast.

Selvagens. Uninhabited islands, some 200 miles south of
Madeira. Shore.

Inpex-Lisr of SPECIES.

. Acera bullata, 1776, Miiller, Prod. Zool. Dan. p. 242. no. 2921,

and Zool. Dan. 11. lxxi. 1-5: Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch.
Iv. 430, vill. 3; & v. xev.-1. Hab. From the Lofotens to the
Mediterranean. (W.)S.W. coast from Funchal to Punta
de Sao Lourengo, 10 to 50 fms. My specimens are many but
small.

Acirsa, see Scalaria.

. Aclis (Hemiaclis) ascaris, 1819, Turton (as Zurbo), Conch.

Dict. p. 217: Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. rv. 102; & v. 210,
Ixxii.2. Hab. From Shetland to the Adriatic. (W.) Canigal
and Funchal, 10 to 50 fms. Not common.

. Aclis supranitida, 1842, S. Wood (as Alvania), Ann. & Mag.

1x. 534, pl. v.: Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. rv. ii. 4; &
v. 210, ixxii. 3. Hab. From Norway to the Adriatic and
Aigean. (W.) Canigal and Funchal, 10 to 50 fms. Not
common.—McAndrew’s collection in the Brit. Mus. contains
this species from the Canaries, but it is not named in his
Report.

. Aclis tricarinata, 1897, Wats. antea, p. 255.
. Aclis trilineata, 1897, Wats. antea, p. 255.
. Aclis (Cioniscus) unica, 1803, Montagu (as Turbo), Test.

Brit. 1. 299: Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. rv. 100; & v. 210,
Ixxii. 1. Hab. Norway to the Adriatic and to St. Helena.
(W.) Canical, Funchal, &c. Not common.

. Aclis (Cioniscus) vitrea, 1897, Wats. antea, p. 254.—Dr. Gwyn

Jeffreys (Lightn. & Porcup. Moll., P. Z.S. May 20, 1884,

272 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

p- 844) gives Aclis (Pherusa) Gulsone, Clerk, as Madeiran on
my authority. Jam not aware that I ever thought so; if I
did Iwas mistaken. A. v2trea sent by me was probably the
species which led to the mistake on Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys’s part.

8. Acmea virginea, 1776, Miller (as Patella), Zool. Dan. Prod.
I. pl. xu. 4, 5: Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. 111. 248; & v. 200,
lviii. 4. Hab. Doubtfully Arctic or Mediterranean. It
extends from Iceland (Zorell) to Mogador (McAndrew).
(L., Jn.,.W.) From Funchal along the whole south-east coast
and also to Porto Santo. Very common.

9. Acton pusillus, 1843, Forbes (as Tornatella), B. Assoc. Rept.
gean Inverteb. p. 191; Watson, Chall. Rep. p. 627; Dall,
‘Blake’ Rep., Harv. Coll. Bull. xvi. 39. Hab. North
Atlantic from Cuba to Mediterranean, 40 to 1456 fms.
(W.) Magdalena, 100 fms., in an old jar entangled in a
fishing-line ; Punta de Sao Lourenco, 50 fms. 3 specimens.

10. Acteon tornatilis, 1767, Linné (as Voluta), Syst. Nat. p.1187:
Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. rv. 433, vill.4; & v. 224, xev. 2.
Hab. From the Lofotens to the Mediterranean and Moga-
dor. (W.) Funchal.—I have three specimens given me as
from Funchal; other specimens, too, I have seen said to be
from the same locality. I never found it, but (hesitatingly)
accept it as Madeiran on the strength of these specimens
and the fact that both McAndrew and Lowe got it at
Mogador.

11. Adeorbis subcarinatus, 1803, Montagu (as Helix), Test. Brit.
11. 438, vi. 9: Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. rv. 281, iii. 5;
& v. 216, Ixxix. 1. Hab. From the English Channel to
the Adriatic and the Augean. (W.) From deep water.
One specimen.

Alvania, see Rissoa.

12. Amphidesma castanea, 1803, Montagu (as Donaz), Test. Brit.
p- 573: Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. 11. 418, viii. 1; & v. 188,
xlii. 1. From the English Channel to the Canaries. (M.,
L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere; very common.

13. Amphisphyra flava, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 234.

14. Anomia ephippium, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1150: Gwyn
Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. 11. 30,1. 4; & v. 165, xx. 1. Hab. From
Iceland to Madeira, and from N. America to the Black Sea.
(M., L., N., Jn., W.) Funchal. Not common.

15. Aplysia punctata, 1803, Cuvier, Ann. Mus. 1. 295, i. 2-5:

16.

Vee

18.

19.

20.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 273

Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. v. 5,i.1 & xevii.1. Hab. From
Norway (see Sars, Moll. Norv. p. 363) to the Mediterranean
and Canaries. (M., W.) From Funchal eastwards, 10 to
50 fms. Not uncommon.

Aplysia ocellata, 1839, dOrbigny, Moll. Canar. p. 44, v. 1-4.
Hab. Canaries. (W.) From west of Funchal to the extreme
E. point of the island, from the shore to 50 fms. Many
young shells.—Mr. Pilsbry (Manual, 1st ser. xvi. 76) adopts
A. dactylomela, Rang, for this species, but gives no expla-
nation of his passing-by d’Orbigny’s express statement that
they cannot be united—a statement he would not have
made hastily.

Area diluvii, 1802, Lamarck, Ann. Mus. vi. 219; An.s. Vert.
1819, vr. (1) 45, 2nd ed. (1835) v1. 476, note of Deshayes ;
Philippi, Enumeratio, 1. 59 (as A. antiquata), 11. 43, pl. v. 2.
Hab. Mediterranean to Canaries. (W.) Funchal, 50 fms.
3 separate valves.—-On the strength of the habitat I admit
this species, but with the gravest doubt.

Arca nodulosa, 1776, Miller, Zool. Dan. Prod. p.247: Gwyn
Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. m. 180; & v. 176, ¢.2. Hab. From
Norway to the Mediterranean and Adriatic. (L., Jn.) A few
living specimens from 10 to 30 fms., dredged in Labra near
the extreme E. point of the island.

Arca pectunculoides, 1834, Scacchi, Ann. Sicil. vi. 82; Phi-
lippi, Enum. 11. 44, xv.3; Forbes & Hanley, Brit. Moll. (as
A. raridentata) 11. 241, xlv.8. Hab. From Greenland to
Mediterranean. (Jn.) One specimen, with the valves
united.

Arca plicata, 1795, Chemnitz, Conch.-Cab. x1. 244, cciv.
2008; Beechey (as A. gradata), Voy. ‘ Blossom,’ p. 152,
xli.1; E. A. Smith (as 4. domingensis, Lam.), ‘ Challenger’
Lamellib. p. 265.—Lischke traces this species (as 4. domin-
gensis, Lam.) under most of its synonyms from Japan to
Australia, to Natal, to the S. Pacific, to Panama, to the
West Indies, the Red Sea, and the E. coast of Africa. In
the face of such a record I have not the courage to
refuse right of citizenship in Madeira to the two rather
undergrown, much weathered, but still quite recognizable
specimens which I got from deepish water at Punta de
Sio Lourengo, the eastern point of Madeira, and which
alone represent the species in the island.

274
21.

22.

26.

REY. R. B. WATSON ON THE

Arca scabra, 1795, Poli, Test. Sicil. 11. 145, xxv. 22; Kobelt,
Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. vir. pt. 2, p. 141, xxxvi. 5,6. Hab.
Mediterranean.—Mr. Lowe got, in Labra near Punta de Sao
Lourengo, in 1829, one valve of an Area in crevices of a
stone with Gorgonia. It differs from all the other Madeiran
species, and I feel constrained to accept his determination of it.
Arca tetragona, 1795, Poli, Test. Utr. Sicil. 11. 137, xxv. 12,
13: Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. 11. 180, iv. 5°; & v. 176,
xxx. 6. Hab. From Finmark to the Mediterranean and
the Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere, very com-
mon, but scarcely ever full-grown.

. Argiope decollata, 1784, Chemnitz (as Anomia), Conch.-Cab.

vill. 96, Ixxvill. 705: Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. 11.18; &
v. 164, xix.3. Hab. From Guernsey to the Aigean and the
Canaries. (M.,L., Jn., W.) Very common.

. Argonauta argo, 1758, Linné, Syst Nat. p. 708; Woodward,

Manual Moll. p. 66, fig. 32. (W.) Porto Santo. One per-
fect specimen.

25. Assiminea litorina, 1825-30, d. Chiaje (as Helix), Mém. An.

s. Vert. 111. 215, xlix. 36-38: Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch.
v. 101, xevii.6. Hab. 8.W. England to Mediterranean and
Tenerife. (L., Jn., W.) Madeira and Selvagens. Not un-
common.

Atlanta Peronii, 1817, Lesueur, Jour. de Phys. txxxv. 390,
ii. 1; Woodward, Man. Moll. p. 200, pl. xiv. 21-23—A
pelagic species. Everywhere; Madeira and Porto Santo.
Common.

. Atys Jeffreysi, 1868, Weinkauff (as Cylichna), Conch. Mit-

telm. m1. 199; Monterosato, Nomenclatura, p. 145 (as
Roxaniella).—No good figure exists of this species. Brocchi,
who (¢este Philippi) erroneously identified it with Bulla
ovulata, Lam., gives a figure which resembles B. redacta,
Desh., much more than it resembles either the B. ovulata,
Lam., or the Mediterranean or Madeiran species. Jeffreys’s
figure (Ann. & Mag. 1856, vol. xv1r. 188, ii. 18, 19), though
better, is not characteristic. The B. semistriata, Desh. Cog.
foss. Paris, 11. 44, pl.v. 27, 28), offers as good a representation
of this species as any | know.— Had. Mediterranean. (N,,
Jn., W.) Everywhere ; excessively common.

. Auricula equalis, 1832-34, Lowe (as Melampus; 1854, Auri-

cula), Zool. Jour. v. 288, xii. 1-5; Gray, Moll. Anim. 111.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 275

eccy. 3, copied from Lowe as Cassidula. Hab. Under stones
below high-water mark at the East end and along the whole
North coast of the island; also at the Selvagens. Unknown
elsewhere. (L., Jn., W.) Very common.—Pfeiffer, Zool.
Blatter, xu. (1866), gives this species on the authority of
de Paiva as from the South eoast as well; but de Paiva’s
collectors are not to be trusted.

Auricula gracilis, 1882-4, Lowe (as Melampus; 1854, Auri-
cula), Zool. Jour. v. 288; Morelet (as A. vespertina), Hist.
Nat. Acores, p. 210, pl. v.9. Hab. Under stones below
high-water mark on North shore in fissures of the rocks ;
also at the Selvagens. Always rare. Unknown elsewhere.
Gea Wi)

Auricula Paivana, 1866, Pfeiffer (as Alexia), Mal. Blatt.
xu. 146; Wollaston, Test. Atlantic. p. 295. Unfigured.
Hab. Under stones below high-water mark in the Selvagem
Grande, and there common: unknown elsewhere. (W.) I
follow Wollaston in giving this on Pfeiffer’s authority as a
distinct species, though, as Wollaston mentions, Dr. Fischer
shared my opinion that it is a mere variety of A. bidentata,
Mont.
Auricula Watsoni, 1878, Wollaston, Test. Atlant. pp. 269,
295. Unfigured. Hab. North coast, under high-water
mark. Selvagens: rare. Unknown elsewhere. (W.)
Avicula hirundo, 1769, Linné (as Mytilus), Syst. Nat. p. 1159:
Gwyn Jettreys, Brit. Conch. 11. 95, ti. 83; & v. 178, xxv. 6.
Hab. From Channel Islands to Mediterranean and Canaries.
(M., L., Jn., W.) From Funchal along the coast east-
wards ; also Porto Santo. 10 to 50 fms.
Axinus crowlinensis, 1847, Jeffreys, Ann. & Mag. xx. 19,
ser. 3, 11. 122,v. 2: Brit. Conch. 11. 250; & v. 180, xxxiii. 2.
Hab. From the Lofotens to the Mediterranean. (W.)
Rather common.
Bifrontia zanclea, 1844, Philippi, Enum. 11. 225, xxviii. 11;
Sowerby, Manual, 4th ed. p. 84, xvi. 354-6; Woodward,
Manual, p. 185; Kobelt, Prodromus, p. 218 (as Omalavis).
Hab. Mediterranean: in a few localities. Everywhere ;
very common. (M., N., Jn.. W.)—Of course every one
knows that a good deal may be said against the generic name
here adopted, but even more perhaps can be urged in its
favour, and especially while so little is known of the animal

276

35.
36.
37.

38.

39.

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

it may be permissible to retain an old friend, whom if we
forsake to whom shall we turn. Omalaxis of Deshayes is
like one of Adanson’s facetious names. Homalalaxis of
Herrmansen is fatuous. Homalaxis is a hybrid, neither
Greek nor Latin. Torinia is a mere guess, and thereafter
the mazes of Ilaira, Euomphalus, Evomphalus, Omalaxon,
Pseudomalaxis, &c. may well send us back thankfully to
Bifrontia, where if we are ignorant we are at least humble.
Monterosato (Conch. d. profundita &e. Palermo, p. 16),
who adopts the last of the above-quoted generic names,
rejects the identification of this Madeiran species with that
of Philippi. His opinion deserves the utmost respect, but I
am not able to adopt it in this case.

Bittium depauperatum, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 245.
Bittium incile, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 246.

Bittium reticulatum, 1778, da Costa (as Strombiformis), Brit.
Conch. p. 117, vin. 138: Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. 1v. 258,
iv. 4; & v. 217, Ixxx. 4. Hab. From the Lofotens (Lovén) to
Mediterranean and Canaries. (M.,L.,N., Jn., W.) Every-
where ; very common.

Bulla (Haminea) hydatis, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1183:
Gwyn Jeffreys, rv. 437, vill. 5; & v. 224, xev. 3. Hab. Gt.
Britain to Mediterranean, Canaries, and St. Helena. (W.)
Not common and small.

Bulla punctata, 1868, A. Adams, Cuming’s Collection, teste
Sowerby in Reeve’s Conch. Icon. xvr., Bulla sp.15. Not
Bulla punctulata (so in Explanation of Plates and Index,
pp. 604 & 607, corrected from B. punctata of the text) of
Sowerby’s Thesaurus ; not Bullea punctata of John Adams,
Trans. Linn. Soe. v. 1, pl. i. figs. 1, 2, where there is a Philine,
and which in Sowerby’s Thesaurus, 11. 600, exxv. 161, is
given by A. Adams as B. punctata; nor is it the Bulla
punctata or punctulata of C. B. Adams, which (teste
Carpenter) is the B. Adamsi, Mke.; nor the Atys (Roxania)
punctulata of A. Adams. Whether Pilsbry’s Manual of
Conch. contains the species is, I think, very doubtful; the
figure pl. xxvii. 40, 41, taken from Reeve, not good in the
original, is not mended in the copy.—Hab. Madeira and
Canaries (f. McAndrew, who gives it as Bulla ampulla).
(L., Jn.,W.) Everywhere; pretty frequent, especially young
shells.

40.

41.
42.

43.

44,

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 278

Cadulus Jeffreysi, 1875, Monterosato (as Helonyx), Nuova
Revista, p. 20. no. 293; Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. v.
196, ci. 3 (as Stphonodentalium subfusiforme, Sars). Hab.
Gt. Britain to the Mediterranean and to St. Helena. (Jn.,
W.) Rare.

Cecum atlantidis, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 248.

Cecum glabrum, 1803, Montagu (as Dentalium), Test. Brit.
p- 497: Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. tv. 77; & v. 209, lxx. 5.
Hab. From Norway to Mediterranean and Canaries. (W.)
Punta de Sio Lourengo. One specimen.

Cecum trachea, 1805, Montagu (as Dentalium), Test. Brit.
11. 497, xiv. 10: Gwyn Jeffreys, B.C. rv. 75, 1.6; & v. 209,
Ixx. 4. Hab. From Scotland to Mediterranean, Canaries,
and Cuba. (W.) P. de Sao Lourenco. One broken specimen.
Cecum vitreum, 1858, Carpenter, P. Z. S. p. 432. no. 29;
Tryon, Man. Conch. vitt. 215, Ixvi. 54 (see McAndrew,
Canarian List, p. 31, as C. glabrum). Japan (see A. Adams,
Ann. & Mag., Nov. 1868). (W.) Everywhere very common,
in Funchal Bay especially.—The name alone of this species,
but without description, bears an earlier date than that given
above.

Calyptrea chinensis, 1767, Linné (as Patella), Syst. Nat.
p- 1257: Gwyn Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. 11. 273, vi. 6; & V.
201, lx. 1. Hab. From English Channel to Black Sea and
Canaries. (M., L., N. Jn., W.) Everywhere; very common.
Cancellaria minima, 1856, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 77;
Kobelt, Mart. & Chemn. Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. tv. pt. 4, p. 81,
pl. xxi. 3,4. Hab. Straits of Gibraltar, Madeira. (L., Jn.,
W.) Everywhere; very common.

Capulus hungaricus, Linné (as Patella), Syst. Nat. p. 1259:
Gwyn Jetireys, Brit. Conch. 111. 269, vi. 5; & v. 201, lix. 6.
Hab. From North Finmark to Mediterranean. (L., Jn.,
W.) Funchal and Punta de Sao Lourengo, 10 to 40 fms.
The pullus shells very common; only one full-grown shell.

Cardita calyculata, 1767, Linné (as Chama), Syst. Nat.
p- 11388; Born, Mus. Ces. Vindob. pl. v. 10, 11; Poli, Test.
Sicil. 1. xxiii. 7-9. Hab. Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean,
Canaries. Everywhere—Madeira, Porto Santo; the Selva-
gens. Semi-fossil, Canical beds. Very common.

Cardium aculeatum, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1122: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 268; & v. 180, xxxiv. 1, 1%. Had. From

278

50.

On
bo

53.

55.

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

S. England to Mediterranean. (L., N., Jn., W.) Every-
where very common, but small.

Cardium exiguum, 1789, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 8255: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. 11.278; & v. 181, xxxv. 2. Hab. Extant from
the later Tertiaries it extends from North Norway to the
Black Sea. (N.) Dredged at Canical it must, on Senr.
Nobre’s responsibility, be admitted here.

. Cardium norvegicum, 1792, Spengler, Scrivt. Nat. Selskab. v.

(1) p. 42: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 294; & v. 182, xxxv. 7.
Hab. From North Norway to Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn.,
W.) Everywhere ; common, but small.

Cardium papillosum, 1791, Poli, Test. Sicil. t. 56, xvi. 24:
Gwyn Jeffreys, 1. 275; &v. 181, xxxv. 1. Hab. From the
Channel Islands to Mediterranean and Canaries. (M.,L.,
N., Jn., W.) Everywhere ; very common.

Cardium transversale, 1854, Deshayes, P. Z. 8. p. 333 ;
Smith, ‘ Challenger’ Report, p. 162, vii. 8. Hab. Alboran
Islands, Mediterranean; Agores to Canaries. (Jn., W.)
Everywhere; extremely abundant.

. Cardium tuberculatum, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1122:

Gwyn Jeffreys, B.C. 11. 273; & V. 181, xxxiv.3. Hab. Great
Britain to Mediterranean and Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn.,
W.) Everywhere; very common.

Carinaria Lamarckii, 1810, Péron & Lesueur, Ann. Mus. xv.
69, 111.15; Gray, Fig. Moll. 11. pl. clxi. 1 (as C. mediterranea) ;
Woodward, Man. Moll. p. 200, fig. 105, pl. xiv. 19 (as C. eym-
bium). Hab. Mediterranean. (L., W.) Floating alive off
the Desertas. Fry rare in dredgings.

Cassidula, see Auricula.
Cassis saburon, 1757, Adanson, Coq. Sénégal, p. 112. no. 8, pl. vii. 8;

56.

Bruguiére, Dict. Encycl. 1. 420. no. 4; Lamarck, An. s. Vert. vu. 227,
2nd ed. (Deshayes) x. 36. no. 21. Hab. From the Bay of Biscay to the
Mediterranean, Mogador, and Senegal; but it has not been recorded from
the Canaries. I never found it nor have seen it from Madeira, and the
shells labelled as this species in Lowe’s collection belong to C.-sulcosa.
Having it therefore as Madeiran on Senr. Nobre’s authority alone, with no
information beyond the name, and in absence from his list of the common
C. sulcosa, I may, I trust, without discourtesy, hold the species as more
than doubtfully Madeiran.

Cassis sulcosa, 1780, Born (as Buccinum), Mus. Ces. Vind.
p. 241; Lamarck, An. s. Vert. viz. 226, 2nd ed. vol. x. 34.
no. 19; Wood, Ind. Test. pl. xxii. 25. Hab. Mediterranean

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 279

to Madeira. (M.,L., Jn., W.) Nearly everywhere; very
abundant.

Cavolina* gibbosa, 1828 ?, Rang (as Hyalea) in d’Orb. Voy.
Amer. Meérid., Moll., 1836-48, p. 97, pl. v. figs. 21-25;
Souleyet, Voy. ‘ Bonite,’ Zool. 11. 144, iv. 13-19; and
Ptérop. p. 38, x. 3,4; Pelseneer, ‘ Challenger’ Report, pt. 65,
p- 82. Hab. Pelagic. (L., Jn., W.) Rare.

Cavolina inflexa, 1813, Lesueur (as Hyalea), Nouv. Bull.
Soe. Phil. 111. 285. no. (69, pl. v.) 4. 4, B,C, D5 d’Orbigny,
Voy. Amér. Mérid., Moll. v. 103, vi. 16-20; Lamarck, An.
s. Vert. 2nd ed. vir. 422. no. 16; Souleyet, Ptérop. p. 41,
i. 9-12; Pelseneer, ‘Challenger’ Report, pt. 65, p. 85.
Hab. Pelagic. (M.,Jn., W.) Common. Mote—McAndrew
gives this as Hyalea vaginella.

Cavolina quadridentata, 1821, Lesueur (as Hyalea) in Blain-
ville, Dict. Se. Nat. vol. xx11. p. 81; d’Orbigny (as H. guadri-
spinosa), Voy. Amér. Mérid., Moll. v. 85, vi. 1-5; Pelseneer,
‘Challenger’ Report, pt. 65, p. 78. Hab. Pelagic. (Jn.,
W.) Not uncommon.

Cavolina tridentata, 1775, Forskal (as Anomia), Descrip.
Anim. Itin. orient. p. 124, and Icon. pl. xl. fig. 6; Wood-
ward, Manual, p. 204, fig. 107, & xiv. 32; Pelseneer, ‘ Chal-
lenger’ Report, pt. 65, p. 83. Hab. Lands End to Eastern
America ; Mediterranean to Canaries. (M., L., W.) Rare.

Cavolina trispinosa, 1821, Lesueur (as Hyalea) in Blainville,
Dict. Sc. Nat. xx1r. 82; Souleyet, Ptérop. p. 45, pl. iii.
1-7; Voy. ‘ Bonite,’ 11. 161, vi. 1-10. Of general distri-
bution. (Jn., W.) Common.

Cerithiopsis atalaya, 1885, Watson, Cerithiopsides from N.E.
Atlantic, Journ. Linn. Soe., Zool. x1x. p. 94, pl. iv. 9, 9a.
Hab. Madeira. (Jn., W.) From Funchal to Punta de Sao
Lourengo. Not uncommon.

Cerithiopsis diadema, 1885, Watson, Cerithiopsides from
N.E. Atlantic, Jour. Linn. Soe., Zool. xrx. p. 93, pl. iv. 8;
Gwyn Jeffreys, Moll. Lightn. & Porcup., P. Z. S. 1885, p. 60,
vi.9, 9a. Hab. Madeira and Mediterranean. (W.) From
Funchal eastwards to Punta de Sao Lourengo. Frequent.

* Note—So Abildgaard wrote his proposed genus. It would be curious to
learn by what authority names, except when wrong, are changed. If Cavolinia
and all the host of emendations so dear to the doctrinaire mind be adopted,
where shall change be checked? Are we seriously enamoured of a fresh Babel ?

280
64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

gas

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

Cerithiopsis fayalensis, 1885, Watson, Cerithiopsides N.E.
Atlantic, Jour. Linn. Soc., Zool. xrx. p. 92, iv. 5-54;
‘Challenger’ Report, Moll. p. 527, pl. xxx. 2. Hab.
Mediterranean, Portugal, Agores to Madeira. (W.)
Frequent.

Cerithiopsis Jeffreysi, 1885, Watson, Cerithiopsides N.E.
Atlantic, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xrx. 90, iv. 2; Gwyn
Jeflreys (as C. pulchella but not of C. B. Adams), Ann. &
Mag. 3rd ser. 11. 129, v. 8; Brit. Conch. rv. 269, & v. 217.
Hab. English Channel to Mediterranean. (W.) Rare.
Monterosato (in litt.) suggests that Conti’s name of “ con-
catenata” should have precedence : see Conti, Foss. di Monte
Mario; but there are other questions, besides, regarding
the species which had need of settlement before further
disturbance of the name.

Cerithiopsis Metaxa, 1829, d. Chiaje (as Murex), Mém. An. s.
Vert. 111. 222, pl. xlix. 29-31; Tiberi (as Cerithium Crosse-
anum), Jour. de Conch. 1863, p. 160, vi. 2: Gwyn Jeffreys,
B. C. rv. 271; & Vv. 217, Ixxxi. 4. Hab. Shetland to Medi-
terranean and Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere ;
common.

Cerithiopsis minima, 1864, Brusina (as Cerithiwm), Conch.
Dal. p. 17; Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, & Dollfuss, Moll.
Rouss. p. 207, xxvii. 5-9. Hab. Mediterranean. (W.)
Very rare.

Cerithiopsis tiara, 1885, Watson, Cerithiopsides N.E. Atlantic,
Jour. Linn. Soc., Zool. xrx. p. 92, iv. 6, 6a. Hab. Madeira
and Mediterranean. (W.) From Funchal eastwards to
Punta de Sao Lourenco. Not uncommon.

Cerithiopsis tubercularis, 1803, Montagu (as Murex), Test.
Brit. 1. 270: Gwyn Jeffreys, B.C. rv. 266, iv. 5; & v. 217,
Ixxxi. 1. Hab. Norway to Mediterranean. (W.) From
Funchal eastwards to the Point of the Island and to Porto
Santo. Not uncommon.

Cerithium rupestre, 1826, Risso, Hist. Nat. Europ. tv. 154;
Philippi, Enum. 1. 194, xi. 7. Hab. Mediterranean. (L.,
Jn.) Selvagens, fide Bardo de Paiva.

Chama gryphoides, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 11389; Wood-
ward, Man. p. 276, xviii. 8, 9 (as C. macrophylla, Chemn.),
Hab. Bay of Biscay to Mediterranean and Canaries. (L.,
N.?, Jn., W.) Everywhere; very common.—It is curious

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 281

McAndrew, whose collection has 10 specimens from the
Mediterranean and Canaries, did not get it.
Chascax, see Fusciolaria armata.

72. Chiton cancellatus, 1839, G. B. Sowerby, Conch. Tlustr.
no. 5, figs. 104-5: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. m1. 217; & v. 198,
Ivi. 1. From Sweden and Norway to Mediterranean. (L.,
Jn., W.) From west of Funchal to East point and Porto
Santo. Common.

73. Chiton (Acanthochiton) discrepans, 1827, Brown, Ill. Conch.
p- 65, xxi. 20: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. m1. 214; & v. 198, lv. 4.
Channel Islands to Mediterranean and Mogador. (M., as
C. fascicularis ; L., Jn., W.) Everywhere ; very common.

74. Chiton (Callochiton) levis, 1767, Pennant, Brit. Zool. rv. 72,
xxxvi. 8; Philippi, Enum. 1. 107, vii. 4, 1. 83: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B.C. 111. 226; & v. 199, lvi. 6. Hab. From Northern
Norway to Mediterranean and Canaries. (W.) From Fun-
chal eastwards and Porto Santo. Specimens not rare, but
all small.

75. Chiton (Ischnochiton) marginatus, 1767, Pennant, Brit. Zool.
tv. 71, xxxvi. 2: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 111. 221; & v. 199,
lvi.5. Hab. From Lofotens to Sicily and Mogador. (M., as
C. cinereus; L., W.) Canical, near Punta de Sao Lourengo.
Very rare.

Chiton (Ischnochiton) sp.—Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys considered this to be
C. Rissot, Payr.; but out of 30 or 40 very small and separate valves which
I collected, about half are those of the head alone, not one is of the tail,
and on none is the girdle preserved; so that the species cannot be deter-
mined with any confidence.

Cioniscus, see Aclis.

76. Circe minima, 1803, Montagu (as Venus), Test. Brit. p. 121,
ii.3: Gwyn Jeffreys, 1. 322, vi.4; & v. 183, xxxvii. 6. Hab.
From Finmark to Mediterranean and Canaries. (M., L.,
Jn., N., W.) Everywhere; very common.

77. Clio (Creseis) acicula, 1828, Rang (as Cresets acicula and
C. clava), Ann. Sc. Nat. x11. 317, xvii. 5,6; Souleyet, Hist.
Ptérop. p. 56, vi. 5,7; Woodward, Manual, p. 205, xiv. 34
Hab. Pelagic. (W.) Everywhere, but not common.

78. Clio pyramidata, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1094; Souleyet,
Hist. Ptérop. p. 50, v. 7-10; Woodward (as Cleodora), Man.
p. 205, xiv. 33. Hab. Pelagic. (Jn., W.) Everywhere.

79. Clio striata, 1828, Rang (as Creseis), Ann. Se. Nat. x11.

LINN. JOURN.—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXVI. 21

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

315, xvii. 8; Souleyet, Hist. Pterop. p. 55, vi. 3. Hab.
Pelagic. (W.) Funchal Bay ; very rare.

80. Clio (Styliola) subula, 1827, Quoy & Gaimard (as Cleodora),

Ann. Se. Nat. x. 233, viii. 1-3; Souleyet, Hist. Ptérop.
p- 55, vi. 2,6. Hab. Pelagic. (Jn., W.) Everywhere; very
common.

81. Columbella(Mitrella) cribraria, Adanson, ‘ Le Barnet,’ p. 146,

pl. x. 1; 1822. Lamarck (as Buccinum), An. s. Vert. vit. 274.
no. 43; Quoy & Gaimard, ‘Astrolabe’ Moll. 1. 421, pl. xxx.
21, 22; Kiener (Buccinum), p. 22. no. 23, xvi. 58. Hab.
Guinea Coast, St. Helena, Ascension, Canaries, West Indies,
&e. (M., L.,Jn., W.) Funchal to East endof Island. Very

common.

82. Columbella Kraussii, 1844, Sowerby, P. Z. 8S. p. 53; Thes.

83.

Conch. 1. xl. 180; Krauss, Siid-Afrik. Moll. (as C. cerealis,
Mke., MS.); Sowerby (George), Mar. Shells S. Africa (as
C. cerealis, Krauss), p. 21. Hab. Port Elizabeth, the Cape,
and probably the Mediterranean. (L., Jn., W.) Every-
where; common. Lalso found it at the Canaries.—It is very
like C. catenata, Sow., in colour; but that species is larger,
stouter, and more coarsely ribbed. It is even liker C. Bro-
deripii, Sow.; but the Madeiran species is so variable as to
suggest much caution. Itis the C. albuginosa, Reeve, Conch.
Teon. xt. no. 223; and probably C. pediculus, Monterosato,
and some other Mediterranean forms which he indi-
vidualizes.

Columbella minor, 1836, Scacchi, Cat. Reg. Neap. p. 10,
f.11; Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sic. 11.190, xxvu. 12. (N., W.)
Hab. Mediterranean.—This as a species is painfully sug-
gestive of some depauperated forms of C. seripta, L., from
which, however, since some are willingly responsible for
separating it, it may be observed to differ in a slightly finer
apex and more delicate spiral threads round the snout ; but,
as distinctive features, neither colour nor size count for
much.

84. Columbella rustica, 1767, Linné (as Voluta), Syst. Nat.

p- 1190; Adanson, ‘Le Siger,’ p. 135, ix. 28; Philippi,
Enumeratio, 1. 228, xii. 11. Hab. From Bay of Biscay to
Mogador and Mediterranean. (M., L.,N.,Jn., W.) Every-

where ; very common.

85. Columbella scripta, 1767, Linné (as Murex), Syst. Nat. p. 1225;

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 283

Kiener, xiii. 43 (as Buceinum Gervillet), and xvi. 56 (as
B. corniculum). Hab. Mediterranean. (L., Jn., W.)
Magdalena; Funchal; Punta de Sao Lourengo and Porto
Santo. 40to50 fms. Not common.

86. Conus mediterraneus, 1790, Hwass* in Encycl. Méthod. t.
701, pl. ceexxx. 4; Wood, Index Test. p. 83, pl. xv. 101;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xvi. 89.—I give this species here on the
authority of Senhor Nobre. Specimens were occasionally
brought to me by Funchal boatmen, but I never considered
them Madeiran. A very worn specimen in Mr. Johnson’s
collection seems rather to confirm my doubts. Still its
presence on the coast of Portugal, throughout the Medi-
terranean, and at the Canaries makes its existence at Madeira
anything but unlikely.

87. Coralliophaga Johnsoni, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 265.

Coralliophila, see Murex.

88. Crania anomala, 1776, Miller, Prod. Zool. Dan. p. 237 ; Zool.
Dan. 1. 4, pl. v. 1-8 ; Woodward, Man. pp. 235-6, ff. 157-8 :
Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 24, 1.3; & v.165, xix.6; Davidson,
Rec. Brach., Trans. Linn. Soe., Zool. rv. 183, xxvii. 1-90.
Hab. Greenland and Spitzbergen to Mediterranean. (L.,
Jn., W.) Funchal, 50 fms. <A few valves.

89. Craspedotus Tinei, 1830, Calcara (as Monodonta), Ricerche
Mal. p. 14, t. 8; Philippi, Enum. 1. 157, xxv. 19 (as Do-
nodonta limbata, but not of Quoy & Gaim., and not a
Monodonta, being umbilicated and non-nacreous). Hab.
Mediterranean. (Jn., W.) Funchal, 50 fms. 2 specimens.

90. Crenella rhombea, 1827, Berkeley (as Modiola), Zool. Jour. 111.
229, xviii.1: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1.181; & v.172, xxviii. 5.
Hab. English Channel to Mediterranean and Canaries.
(W.) Funchal, 50 fms. Punta de Sao Lourenco, 50 fms.
Not common.

Crossea, see Rissoa.

91. Cuspidaria costellata, 1836, Deshayes (as Corbula), Morée,
p. 86, xxiv. 1-3: Gwyn Jeffreys, B.C, 11. 49; & v. 191, xlix. 3
(as Neera). Hab. Norway to Mediterranean and Canaries.
(M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere ; very common.

92. Cuspidaria cuspidata, 1792, Olivi (as Tellina), Zool. Adr.
p- 101, iv. 3: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 111. 58, ii. 4; & v. 191,

* Hwass, teste Bruguiére, Encycl, Méthod, i. p. 598, wrote the whole articie
on Conus.

Pall oe!

284,

93.

94.

96.
97.

98.

99.

100.

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

xlix. 5. Hab. From Spitzbergen and Greenland to Medi-
terranean and Canaries. (M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere ;
common.

Cuvieria columella, 1827, Rang, Ann. Se. Nat. x11. 328, xlv.
1-8 ; Souleyet, Hist. Ptérop. p. 59, pl.iv. & xiv. 1-6; Wood-
ward, Man. p. 205, pl. xiv. 85. Hab. Pelagic. (Jn., W.)
Not common.

Cyclostrema serpuloides, 1808, Montagu (as Helix), Test.
Brit. Suppl. p. 147, xxi.3: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. m1. 290, ’
vil. 8; & v. 201, lxi. 8. Hab. From Great Britain to Medi-
terranean. (W.) From east of Funchal to Punta de Sao
Lourenco, and Porto Santo. Common.

. Cylichna cylindracea, 1767, Pennant (as Bulla), Brit. Zool.

tv. 117, lxxvii. 85: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 415, viii. 1;
& v. xcili. 4. Hab. From Finmark to Mediterranean and
Canaries and St. Helena. (M.,Jn., W.) Everywhere; very
common.

Cylichna spreta, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 234.

Cylichna umbilicata, 1803, Montagu (as Bulla), Test. Brit.
I. 222, vii. 4: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 413; & v. 228, xciii. 3.
Hab. From the Lofotens to the Mediterranean. (W.) Santa
Cruz, Machico, Canical; down to 50 fms. Rare.—These
specimens from Madeira were identified as above by Dr.
Gwyn Jeffreys: after much hesitation I at length, despairing
to mend the instruction, have accepted his determination,
which the Marquis of Monterosato still rejects.
Cylindrobulla fragilis, 1856, Gwyn Jeffreys (as Cylichna),
Mar. Test. Pied., Ann. & Mag. Feb. 1856, p. 188, ii. 16, 17,
& ‘Washington’ Ital. Exped. Notes, Ann. & Mag. July
1882, p. 34 (as Cylindrobulla). Hab. Mediterranean, 10 to
1536 fms. (W.) Porto Santo, 50 fms. One specimen.
Cyprea (Trivia) candidula, 1835, Gaskoin, P. Z. 8. p. 200;
Kiener, Iconog. p. 150. no. 136, lil. 1; Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
Cypreea, sp. 151, 154; Sowerby, Thesaurus, rv. p. 50, pl. xxxvi.
ff. 508-9. Hab. From Portugal to W. Mediterranean ;
Canaries and Bight of Benin. (M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere;
very common.
Cyprea (Trivia) europea, 1803, Montagu, Test. Brit. Suppl.
p-88: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 408, vil. 4; & v. 222, xcii. 2.
Hab. From Norway to Mediterranean. (W.) Puntade Sao
Lourenco. 2 specimens.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 285

101. Cyprea lurida, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1175; Kiener,
Iconog. p. 82. no. 71, pl. xxiii. 1; Sowerby, Thes. rv. 6,
sp. 7, x. 64-5; Reeve, Conch. Icon., Cyprea, sp. 82, pl. ix.
32. Hab. Mediterranean to the Cape Verd Is., Guinea
Coast, and St. Helena. (W.) Porto Santo. 2 specimens.

102. Cyprea (Trivia) pulex, 1827, Solander, Zool. Jour. 111. 368 ;
Kiener, Iconog. p. 142, liii.1; Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 144,
pl. xxv.; Sowerby, Thes. tv. 44, pl. xxxvi. 492-4. Had.
From Portugal to Mediterranean. (M., L., N., Jn., W.)
Everywhere ; common.

103. Cyprea pyrum, 1790, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3411; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. sp. 26, pl. viii.; Sowerby, Thes. 1v. p. 25,
pl. xxiv. 202-5. Hab. From Portugal to the Canaries.
(L.,Jn., W.) Porto Santo. Not very common.

104. Cyprea spurca, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1179; Kiener,
Iconog. p. 61, xxx. 1, la; Reeve, Conch. Icon., Cyprea,
sp. 68, pl. xiv.; Sowerby, Thes. rv. p. 38. no. 181, pl. xviii.
118-122 & xxxvi.516. Hab. From West Indies to Portugal,
Mediterranean, Canaries, Mogador, and St. Helena. (L.,
N., Jn., W.) Punta de Sao Lourengo and Porto Santo.
Plentiful.

Cytherea, see Venus.
Defrancia, see Pleurotoma.

105. Diplodonta rotundata, 1803, Montagu (as Zellina), Test.
Brit. p. 71, 1.3: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1. 254, v.7; & v.
180, xxxiul.4, Hab. From English Channel to Mediterranean
and Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere; very
common.

106. Diplodonta trigonula, 1831; Bronn, Ital. Tertiir-Geb. p. 96,
iii. 2; Philippi, Enumeratio, 1. 31, iv. 6, & 11. 24 (where he
gives both D. trigonula, Bronn, and also his own D. apicalis
as if different); Wood, Crag Moll. 1. 146, xii. 2 a, db;
Hornes, Foss. Moll. Wiener, p. 218, xxxii. 4 a, 6b. Hab.
Mediterranean to Canaries. (M., L.,Jn., W.) Everywhere;
very common.

107. Dolium galea, 1767, Linné (as Buccinwm), Syst. Nat.
p- 1197; Woodward, Man. p. 115, vi. 12. Hab. From
Portugal to Mediterranean and Canaries. (L., W.) Fun-
chal, Punta de Sao Lourenco, Porto Santo ; 10 to 50 fms.
Not uncommon, but the specimens mostly young or in
fragments.

286
108.

109.

110.
a ia ES
12:

113.

114.

115.
116.
117.
118.

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

Donax trunculus, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1127: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B.C. 11. 407; & v. 188, xlu. 7. Hab. From Channel
Islands to Mediterranean, and (me ipso teste) both Canaries
and Mogador. (Jn., W.) Porto Santo, &e. Not unfrequent
as single valves.

Donax venustus, 1791, Poli, Test. Sicil. 1. xix. 23, 24;
Rémer in Mart. & Chemn. Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. x. pt. 3,
p- 31, vi. 10-20. Hab. Mediterranean. (Jn., W.) From
Funchal along South coast, also Porto Santo. Common.
Doridium laurentianum, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 237.
Doridium maderense, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 238.
Emarginula fissura, 1767, Linné (as Patella), Syst. Nat.
p. 1261: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 259, vi.3 ; & v. 200, lix.2.
Hab. From Finmark to Mediterranean and Canaries.
(M., L.,Ju., W.) Everywhere ; very common, in every form
of transition to Semperia Paivana, Crosse, Jour. de Conch.
1867, p. 76, i. 2.

Emarginula Huzardi, 1826, Payraudeau, Moll. Cors. p. 92,
pl. v. 1, 2; Lamarck ed. Desh. vir. 587. no. 11; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. sp. 4; Gwyn Jeffreys, Lightn. & Poreup.
Moll., P. Z.S. 1882, p. 679. no. 5. Hab. Mediterranean.
(L., W.) Funchal, Punta de Sio Lourengo, Porto Santo.
Not common.

Emarginula tenera, 1878, Monterosato, Enum. & Synon.
p- 19 (the name alone) ; id. Nomenclatura, p. 36; Locard,
Malac. Franc. p. 8337; Watson MS., E. alba.—This species
stands much in need of description and figure. It is small,
translucent, white, high, well-rounded, with about 30 strong
ribs und occasional weaker intermediate ones, with small
sharp cross-bars and deep lattice-like depressions, having a
long, narrow, square-cut, sharply bordered slit ; the top is
incurved and a little depressed, and directly overhangs the
extreme front edge. L.O11. B. 0065. H. 0:05. Hab.
Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean. (W.) Almost everywhere ;
not rare.

Eulima badia, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 258.

Eulima fulva, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 256.
Eulima inconspicua, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 260.

Eulina intermedia, 1842, Cantraine, Malac. Méd. Suppl.
(p. 40 ?), Bull. Bruxelles, p. 14(?): Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C.
1v. 203; & V.214,]xxvil.5. (Note.—Sars’s shell, Moll. Norv.

119.

120.

121.

2.

126.

127.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 287

p- 210, pl. xi. 20, is no¢ Cantraine’s species, though very
near.) Hab. Atlantic, East and West, and Mediterranean.
(M. [as #. nitida], W.) Shore at Gorgulho rock E. of
Funchal, Punta de Sao Lourenco. Not common.

Hulima Jeffreysiana, 1869, Brusina, Jour. de Conch. 1869,
xviI. 245 (as Leiostraca); Gwyn Jeffreys, Lightn. &
Pore. dredg., P. Z. 8. 1884, p. 366, xxvii. 1. Hab. Medi-
terranean.—Gwyn Jeffreys says that McAndrew got it
at the Canaries, Rochebrune from the Cape Verd Is.;
and that Verrill identified it from New England. (Jn.,
W.) From Funchal to the island’s east extremity. Not
rare.

Eulima microstoma, 1869, Brusina, Jour. de Conch. xvit.
244; Monterosato, Enum. p. 35; Locard, Malac. Frange.
p- 208; Kobelt, Prodromus, p. 115. Hab. Mediterranean.
(W.) Punta de Sio Lourenco. 2 specimens.

Hulima paivensis, 1873, Watson, P. Z.8. p. 364, pl. xxxvi.
29; Tryon, Manual, vii. 277, lix.58. Hab. Madeira and
the Selvagens. Not common; but both Mr. Lowe and
I got a good many specimens.

Eulima Philippii, 1868, Weinkauff, Conch. Mittheil. 11. 228;
Philippi, Enumeratio, 1. 158, & 11. 130, ix. 10 (as H#. dis-
torta, but not of Defrance): Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 205;
& v. 214, Ixxvii. 5. Hab. From the Lofotens to the Medi-
terranean and Canaries. (M., L., W.) Extremely common
every where.—Locard, Prodrome, p. 205, gives L. éncurva,
Renier’s name, priority, but that author’s name-list confers
no priority, and the changes rung on the name of this
species create mere confusion in the midst of which no
private rights of nomenclature avail. Names are for
publie profit, not for individual glorification.

. Eulima rhaphium, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 258.
. Eulima sordida, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 257.
. Eulima subulata, 1802, Donovan, Brit. Shells, v. pl. elxxi.:

Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 208; & v. 215, Ixxvil. 7. Hab. From
Britain to the Mediterranean. (M.,Jn., W.) Everywhere ;
common.
Eulima trunca, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 259.

Eulimella, see Odostomia.
Fasciolaria armata, 1854, A. Adams (as Latirus), P.Z.S.
p- 314. no. 11; Watson, ‘ Challenger’ Moll. p. 243, xii. 1.

288

128.

129.

180.

181.

132.

183.

134.

185.

REY. R. B. WATSON ON THE

Hab. Madeira; Tenerife; N.W. Africa. (L.,W.) Punta
de S. Lourenco and Porto Santo. Not common.
Fissurella greca, 1767, Linné (as Patella), Syst. Nat.
p- 1261: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 111. 266, vi. 4; & v. 200, lix.
5. Hab. From the Feroes to Mediterranean and Canaries.
(M., L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere ; common.

Fossarus ambiguus, 1767, Linné (as Helix), Syst. Nat.
p- 1251; Adanson, Sénégal, p. 173, xiii. 1; Philippi, Enu-
meratio, 11. 147, xxv. 1. Hab. From Bay of Biscay to
Mediterranean, Canaries, and St. Helena. (L., Jn., W.)
Everywhere ; common.

Gastrochena dubia, 1777, Pennant (as Mya), Brit. Moll.
Iv. 82, xliv. 19: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 111. 91, 11.5; & v. 193,
lh. 6. Hab. From the Brit. Channel to Mediterranean,
Canaries, Mogador, and St. Helena. (M.,L., Jn., W.)
Punta de Sao Lourengo to 50 fms., Magdalena shore. Very
rare.

Haliotis tuberculata, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1256: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 279, vii. 1; & v. lx. 2. Hab. From the
Channel to Mediterranean, Canaries, and Mogador. (M.,
L., N., W.) All along the coast ; common.

Hemiaclis, see Aclis.

Homalogyra atomus, 1841, Philippi (as Zruncatella) in
Wiegm. Archiv, vit. pt. 1, p. 54, v. 4; Enum. 1. 184,
xxiv. 5: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 69, 1.5; & v. lxx. 2.
Hab. From North Norway to Mediterranean. (Jn., W.)
Everywhere ; common.

Homatlogyra rota, 1853, Forbes & Hanley (as Skene), Brit.
Moll. 111. 160, lxxiii. 10 & Ixxviii. 1, 2: Gwyn Jeffreys,
B. C. tv. 71; & v. 209, Ixx. 8. Hab. From North Scotland
to Mediterranean. (W.) Everywhere; common.

Hydrobia confusa, v. Frauenfeld, erroneously identified as Bythinia
similis, Drap., lives entirely in the freshwater runnels, quite remote
from the sea.

Lanthina communis, 1822, Lamarck, An. s. Vert. vr. (2)
206: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. (as I. rotundata, Leach) rv.
186, ii. 1 & frontispiece ; & v. 214, Ixxvii. 1. Hab. Oceanic.
(M., L., Jn., W.) From Funchal to East point aud Porto
Santo. Common.

Lanthina exigua, 1822, Lamarck, An. s. Vert. v1. (2) 206;
Forbes & Hanley, Brit. Moll. 11. 555, lxix. 8, 9; Sowerby,

136.

137.

138.

139.

140.

141.

142.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 289

Tl. Index, xii. 4. Hab. Ocean. (M., W.) From Funchal
to East point. Rare.

Lanthina pallida, 1841 (?), Harvey in Thompson’s Brit.
Mar. Conch. p. 152, & Ann. & Mag. v. 96, 11. 2; Philippi,
Enumeratio, 11. 224, xxviti. 14; Forbes & Hanley, Brit.
Moll. 11. 553, Ixix. 10, 11. Hab. Ocean.—tThis species is
given by McAndrew, and by him alone, as from Madeira,
and the specimens in his collection at the British Museum
are correctly identified ; but his collection at Cambridge,
which is more to be trusted, has no specimens, unless, as the
Rev. A. H. Cook suggests, 7 fine specimens of “ J. prolon-
gata, Madeira,” in the McAndrew collection be so regarded.
Jeffreysia glabra, 1844, Alder (as Rissoa ?), Ann. & Mag.
XIII. 325, viii. 1-4: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. (as Jeffreysia
diaphana) tv. 59,1. 3; & v. lxix. 5. Hab. Shetland to the
Mediterranean. (W.) Funchal to East point and Porto
Santo. Common.

Jeffreysia globularis, 1853, Gwyn Jeffreys in Forb. & Hanl.
Brit. Moll. rv. 268, exxxiii.5: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. Iv.
62; & v.lxix.7. Hab. Scotland. (W.) Funchal to Hast
point of Island. Rare.

Jeffreysia opalina, 1849, Gwyn Jeffreys, Ann. & Mag. 2nd
ser. 11. 351; Forb. & Hanl. B. Moll. rv. 267, exxxi.
10 &m.m. 2: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 60; & Vv. 209, Ixix.
6. Hab. From Shetland to Mediterranean. (W.) From
Funchal to East point and Porto Santo.

Lachesis minima, 1803, Montagu (as Buecinum), Test.
Brit. p. 247, viii. 2: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 318, vi. 1;
& v. 218, Ixxxiv. 3. Hab. From Channel Islands to Medi-
terranean and Canaries. (M., L.,Jn.,W.) Everywhere;
very common.

Lamellaria perspicua, 1767, Linné (as Helix), Syst. Nat.
p- 1250: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 235, ii.6; & v. 216, lxxix.
2. Hab. From Labrador to United States, and from Nor-
way to Mediterranean and Canaries. (M., L., Jn., W.)
Everywhere, but not common.

Lasea rubra, 1803, Montagu (as Cardium), Test. Brit.
p- 83, xxvii. 4: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 219, v.2; & v.179,
xxx. 1. Hab. From Iceland to Mediterranean and
Canaries. (M., L.,Jn., W.) Everywhere; common.

Leda pygmea, Minster.—I noticed this species in Mr. Yate Johnson’s
collection, but its presence there seemed to me accidental.

145.

146.

147.

148.

150.

151.

REV. R. B. WATSON OF THE

3. Lima hians, Gmelin (as Ostrea), Syst. Nat. p. 3332: Gwyn

Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 87, ii. 2°; & v.170, xxv. 5. Hab. From
Northern Norway to the Mediterranean and Canaries.
(M., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere ; common.

. Lima squamosa, 1818, Lamarck, An. s. Vert. vi. (1) 156;

Sowerby, Thes. 1. 84, xxi.1 & 18(?). Hab. Japan (f. Dun-
ker); N. Zealand (f. v. Martens); Mediterranean. (M., L.,
N., Jn., W.) Everywhere ; common.

Lima subauriculata, 1808, Montagu (as Pecten), Test. Brit.
Suppl. p. 63, xxiv. 2: Gwyn Jeffreys, B.C. 11. 82; & v. 169,
xxv. 3. Hab. From N. America and Greenland to
Mediterranean and Canaries. (L., Jn., W.) Everywhere ;
very common.

Limacina bulimoides, 1836, d@Orbigny (as Atlanta), Voy.
Amér. Mérid. v. 179, xii. 36, 38; Souleyet, Rev. Zool.
p- 188; Voy. ‘ Bonite,’ 11. 224, xiii. 835-42 ; Ptéropodes (as
Spirialis), p. 65, xv. 3, 4; Woodward, Manual, p. 207,
pl. xiv. 42; Pelseneer, ‘ Challenger’ Report, p. 30. Hab.
Pelagic. (W.) Everywhere ; abundant.

Limacina inflata, 1836, @Orbigny (as Atlanta), Voy. Am.
Mérid. v. 174, xii. 16-19 ; Souleyet (as Spirialis rostralis),
Ptérop. p. 62, xiv. 7-12; Pelseneer, ‘ Challenger’ Report,
p- 17. Hab. Pelagic. (Jn. “from 30 fms.,” W.) Every-
where ; very common.

Limacina Lesueurii, 1836, @’Orbigny (as Atlanta), Voy.
Amér. Mérid. v. 177, xx. 12-15; Souleyet, Rev. Zool.
1840, p. 236, & Voy. ‘ Bonite,’ 11. 216, xii. 11-16 (as
Spirialis ventricosa) ; Pelseneer, ‘ Challenger’ Report, p. 24.
Hab. Pelagic. (Jn., W.) Everywhere; abundant.

. Limacina (Peracle) reticulata, 1840, d’Orbigny, Voy. Amér.

Mérid. v. 178, xii. 832-35, 39; Souleyet, Rev. Zool. 1840,
p. 188, & Voy. ‘ Bonite,’ 1. 220, xiii. 17-19 (as Spirtalis
clathrata) ; Pelseneer, ‘ Challenger’ Report, p. 34, pl. i.
7,8. Hab. Pelagic. (W.) Funchal and Canigal. 4 spe-
cimens.

Limacina trochiformis, 1840, VOrbigny (as Atlanta), Voy.
Amér. Mérid. v. 177, xii. 29-31; Souleyet, Rev. Zool.
1840, p. 237, & Voy. ‘ Bonite,’ 11. 223, xiii. 27-34 (as Spiria-
lis); Pelseneer, ‘ Challenger’ Report, p.29. Hab. Pelagic.
(W.) From Funchal, east coast. Not common.

Liriola, see Siphonaria.

Litorina neritoides 1767, Linné (as Turbo), Syst. Nat.

152.

153.

154.

155.

156.

157.

158.

159.

160.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 291

p- 1232: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 111. 361; & v. 206, Ixv. 2.
Hab. From Norway to Mediterranean and Canaries.
(M., L., Jn., W.) All along the coast. Very common.
Litorina punctata, 1789, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3597;
Adanson (‘‘ Le Marnat”’), Sénégal, p. 168, pl. xii.1; Philippi,
Abb. & Beschr. 11. 198, iv. 11. Hab. From the Mediter-
ranean to Cape of Good Hope. (N.,Jn., W.) I accept the
species as Madeiran on the authority of Sen. Nobre. The
specimens of Mr. Johnson and myself from the Hast end
of the Island and from Porto Santo are too young and in
too bad condition for independent recognition.

Litorina striata, 1831, King, Zool. Jour. v. 345. no. 51;
d@Orbigny, Moll. Canar. (as Z. canariensis) p. 78, vi. 8-10,
& (L. affinis) p. 79, vi. 11-18.—the young tubercled shell.
Hab. From Acores to St. Helena. (M.,L., N., W.) Every-
where ; very common.

LInucina borealis, 1767, Linné (as Venus), Syst. Nat. p. 1184:
Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1. 242, v. 2; & v. 179, xxxii. 7.
Hab. From America and Iceland to Mediterranean and
Mogador. (L.,Jn., W.) Funchal. Rare.

Lucina divaricata, 1767, Linné (as Tellina), Syst. Nat.
p- 1120: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. (as Loripes) 11. 235, v. 4;
& v. 179, xxxil. 5. Hab. English Channel to Mediterranean
and Canaries. (M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere; very common.
Lucina lactea, 1767, Linné (as Tellina), Syst. Nat. p. 1119:
Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. (as Loripes) 11. 233, v. 4; & v. 179,
xxxll, 4. Hab. Southern Britain to Mediterranean and
Canaries. (Jn., W.) Funchal. Very rare.

Lucina reticulata, 1791, Poli (as Tellina), Test. Sic. 1. 48,
xx. 12; Philippi, Enumeratio, 1. 31, ii. 14. Everywhere ;
very common.

Lucina spinifera, 1803, Montagu (as Venus), Test. Brit.
p: 577, xvii. 1: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 240; & v. 179, xxxii.
6. Hab. From Norway to Mediterranean and Canaries.
(M., L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere ; very common.
Lyonsia norvegica, 1788, Chemnitz (as Mya), Conch.-Cab. x.
345, clxx. 1647-8: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1. 29, ii. 1;
& v. 190, xlviu. 2. Hab. From Lofotens to Mediterranean.
(M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere; common.
Mactra subtruncata, 1778, da Costa, Brit. Conch. p. 198:
Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 11.419; & v. 188, xlii. 3. Hab. From
North Norway to Black Sea and Mogador. (Jn., W.) Porto

292

162.

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

Santo, 40 to 50 fms. One stained valve-—The locality
whence my specimen came is not a place where ballast is
thrown out, and the presence of the species in Mr. John-
son’s collection, as also at the Canaries and Mogador,
compels me unwillingly to admititas Madeiran. I do not
believe, but cannot disprove.

Mangelia, see Pleurotoma.

161.

Marginella guancha, 1839, d Orbigny, Moll. Canaries, p. 88,
vi. 32-34. Hab. Canaries. (Jn.,W.) From the North
coast.—McAndrew gives it as “ frequent” in Madeira, but
his specimens, both in his best collection at Cambridge and
in that at the British Museum as well as those he sent me,
are all marked as from “‘ Canaries.” The solitary specimen
I got from Madeira was in sand from deep water on the
north coast; probably, therefore, not a wanderer, but it
remains solitary. In Mr. Johnson’s collection also only one
specimen presented itself.

Marginella miliaria, 1767, Linné (as Voluta), Syst. Nat.
p- 1189; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. 1. 399, lxxviil. 227-230.
Hab. From Portugal to Mediterranean and Mogador.
(M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere; common.

M. Philippi (sic), a species given by Sen. Nobre as of Monterosato,

who says that it is the M. minuta, Phil. Enum. u. 197, xxvii. 23 (but
not of Pfeiffer), is one which I am quite unable to identify among any
I know as Madeiran. MM. celata, which Monterosato gives in his
‘Nomenclatura,’ p. 139, as Madeiran from me, is a species I have been
accustomed to reckon as M. méliaria, L., differing only in colour.
Some confusion seems to exist here.

163. Marginella secalina, 1844, Philippi, Enumeratio, m. 197,

xii, 15 & xxvii. 19; Weinkauff, Conch.-Cab. ed. 2, v.
pt. 4, p. 29, iv. 21-23. Hab. Mediterranean’ to Canaries
(teste McAndrew’s List corrected propria manu and his
specimens in the Cambridge Museum). (L., Jn., W.)
From Funchal to Punta de Sao Lourengo. Plentiful.

164. Mathilda quadricarinata, 1814*, Brocchi (as Turbo), Conch.

Foss. p. 375, vil. 6; Kobelt, Jahrb. 1. 226, xi. 2. Hab.
Western Mediterranean and St. Helena. (W.) Funchal,
Punta de Sao Lourengo, and Porto Santo. Not rare.
Megathyris, see Argiope.

* A five years’ priority over the Mathilda of Semper has been claimed for
the name Cizgulina of Adams, but no sinistral-tipped shell can pass under
Adams’s definition. See ‘Challenger’ Gasteropoda, p. 499.

165.

166.

167.

168.

169.

170.

171.

172.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 293

Melampus exigquus, 1832-4, Lowe, Zool. Journ. v. 291, xii.
6, 7; Pfeiffer, Monog. Auric. Viv. p. 56; id. ibid. Suppl.
p- 326; id. Auric. Mad., Malak. Blatter, 1866, p. 142;
Paiva, Mal. Mad. p.150. Had. Madeira. (L., W.) North
shore, Punta de Sao Lourenco; Selvagens. Rare.
Mesodesma cornea, 1791, Poli, Test. Sic. 1. 73, & 11. xix.
8tol1l. Hab. Mediterranean.—I give this species on the
authority of Sen. Nobre, who got it in dredgings from
Canical. I have never met with it.

Mesalia, see Scalaria.

Mitra cornicula, 1767, Linné (as Voluta), Syst. Nat. p. 1191;
Kiener (as IZ. lutescens, Lam.), Iconog. Coq. Viv. 11. 31, x1.
32, xii. 36, &e. Hab. Portugal and Mediterranean to Moga-
dor. (M., L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere; excessively common.

Mitra Zebrina, 1839, @Orbigny, Moll. Canar. p. 86, vi.
29-31 (not WM. Zebra, Leach); Sowerby, Thes. rv. 23,
sp. 300, pl. xxu.481. Hab. Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn., W.)
Everywhere. Alive on the shore-rocks, and there dark
green; but in deep water dead and discoloured brown by
passage through fish’s stomach. Extremely variable, with
proclivities towards I. tricolor, Gd.

Modiolaria discors, 1767, Linné (as Mytilus), Syst. Nat.
p- 1159: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1. 126; & v. 171, xxviii. 3.
Hab. From the U.S, coast to N. Greenland, Canada, Nor-
way, and Mediterranean. (Jn., W.) One young valve alone
in each collection. The range of the species alone justifies
its introduction into this list.

Modiolaria subclavata, 1859, Libassi, Atti Panorm. mt. 18.
fiz.7; Gwyn Jeffreys, Moll. Lightn. & Pore., P. Z.8. 1879,
p- 568. Hab. From Brittany to Canaries. (L., Jn., W.)
From Magdalena, Cabo Girao, Funchal to Hast end of
Island. Very abundant.

Monodonta, see Trochus.

Montacuta bidentata, 1803, Montagu (as Mya), Test. Brit.
p. 44, xxvi. 5: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 208; & v.177, xxxi. 8.
Hab. Norway to Mediterranean. (Jn., W.) Funchal. 15
to 20 valves.

Montacuta ferruginosa(?), 1808, Montagu (as Mya), Test.
Brit. Suppl. 1. pp. 22 & 166, xxvi. 2: Gwyn Jeffreys,
B. C. 1. 210; & v. 178, xxxi. 9. Hab. From New England
to Greenland, North Norway, Mediterranean, Canaries,
and Mogador. 3ims.to 733ims. (L., W.) Coast from

294. REY. RB. B. WATSON ON THE

Funchal eastward, and Porto Santo. Very abundant.—
McAndrew’s List does not give the species, but in his own
copy at the Cambridge Natural History Museum it is
entered and initialled by himself for Madeira, Canaries, and
Mogador. The query I have suffixed to the name expresses
the grave doubts I feel, more than shared by Dr. Gwyn
Jeffreys, of the correctness of this identification; but as he
has taken the responsibility of publishing it as Madeiran
on the strength of my specimens, I am content to follow
him. With more reason than in many like cases elsewhere
the shell might pass for new ; but the species is a variable one.

173. Montacuta triangularis, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 264.

174. Murex (Ocinebra) aciculatus, 1822, Lamarck, An. s. Vert.
vur.176: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 310; & v. 218, Ixxxiv. 2.
Hab. From the English Channel to Mediterranean and
Mogador. (M.,L.,Jn.,W.) From Magdalena to island’s
East point and Porto Santo. Very abundant.

175. Murex (Coralliophila) brevis, 1832, de Blainville (as Pur-
pura), Ann. Se. Nat. 1. 233, xi. 10; Philippi (as Pyrula
squamulata), Enumeratio, 1. 207, xi. 21 (not 31), 1. 180.
Hab. Mediterranean. (L., Jn., W.) Porto Santo. One
specimen each.—Mr. Lowe has left no record of locality
for his one very young specimen. In the face of confusion
in the identification of this species I have unwillingly gone
behind Philippi, whose figure and description are un-
mistakable.

Murex cristatus, Broc.—McAndrew, Report, p. 40, gives this as “ rare ;”
for the Canaries he does not mention it: neither at Cambridge nor in the
British Museum does his collection contain specimens, but Bellardi
(vol. i. p. 87) gives it from Upper Miocene.

176. Murex (Ocinebra)Edwardsit, 1826, Payraudeau (as Purpura),
Moll. Cors. p. 155, vii. 17, 18; de Blainville, Faune frang.
p- 129, v. (eB) 5. It exists from the Upper Miocene on-
wards. Hab. From Bay of Biscay to Mediterranean and
Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn., W.) From Funchal westwards.
Very abundant.

177. Murex (Ocinebra) erinaceus, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1216:
Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 306, v. 5; & v. 218, Ixxxiv.1. In
existence from Middle Miocene onwards. Hab. From
Cattegat to Black Sea and Mogador. (M., L., N.,Jn., W.)
From Funchal to East point and Porto Santo. Abundant.

Murex fusulus, see Trophon.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 295

178. Murex (Ocinebra) medicago, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 242.

179.

180.
181.

182.

183.

184.

185.

186.

Murex (Pseudomurex) Meyendorfii, 1845, Caleara, Cenno,
p. 38, iv. 32; Kobelt, Jahrb. Mal. Ges. 1. 1874, p. 222,
ix. 1. Hab. Mediterranean. (L., N., Jn., W.) From Funchal
to East point and Porto Santo. Abundant.

Mytilus, see Avicula.

Mytilus edulis, L.—This is a species which Senhor Nobre gives under var.

M. galloprovincialis. Johnson's collection contains two valves. I have
several, chiefly young, but all got in circumstances and with the appear-
ances of having been brought in ballast. Belonging to the North Pacific,
probably, and under diverse forms and names from Baftin’s Bay to the
Mediterranean, its presence in Madeira is not improbable, but I am
not sure that Senhor Nobre, on review of its claims, still supports
them.

Nassa antiquata, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 241.

Nassa costulata, 1804, Renieri (as Bucetnum), Tav. Conch.
Adr.; Philippi (as B. variabile), Enum. 1. 221, xii. 6;
Payraudeau (as B. Ouvieri), Moll. Corse, p. 163, viii. 17,
18. Hab. From Portugal to Mediterranean. (L., Jn., W.)
Everywhere ; very common.

Nassa incrassata, 1777, Strém (as Buccinum), Norsk.
Selskab. Vid. 1v. 369, xvi. 25: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 351;
& v. 219, Ixxxviii. 1. Hab. From Iceland to Mediterranean
and Mogador. (M.,L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere ; very
common.

Nassa limata, 1808, Chemnitz (as Buccinum), Conch.-Cab.
x1. 87, clxxxviii. 1808-9 ; Philippi, Enumeratio (as B. pris-
maticum), I. 219; Brocchi (as B. prismaticum), Subappen.
11. 837, v. 5-7. Dates from Upper Pliocene onwards.
Hab. Mediterranean to Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn., W.)
Everywhere ; very common.

Nassa reticulata, 1767, Linné (as Buecinum), Syst. Nat.
p- 1204: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 346, vi. 4; & v. Ixxvii. 3.
Dates from Lower Pliocene. Hab. From North Norway
to Black Sea and Mogador. (L., Jn., W.) Porto Santo,
Porto Moniz. Not common.

Nassa Watsoni, 1877, Kobelt, Iconog. europ. Meeres-conch.
Heft 7, p. 151, xxvi. 5,6. “ Madeira,” Canaries, Hab.
The Selvagens (not in Madeira proper). At the Canaries
itis common. (L., W.)

Natica Dillwynii, 1826, Payraudeau, Cat. Moll. Corse, p.120,

pl. v. ff. 27, 28 ; Philippi, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. tr. pt. 1, p. 69,

296

Ti.

188.
189.

190.

191.

192.

193.

194.

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

pl. ii. f.4. (I, Jn., W.) Punta de Sio Lourenco, Porto
Santo, Punta da Cruz, Funchal, Gorgulho, &e. Abundant.
Natica fanel, 1843, Récluz, P. ZS. p. 207; Philippi in
Mart. & Chem. Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 1. pt. 1, p. 16, ii. 7,8
(not 6); Adanson, Sénégal, 1757,p.174, xiii. 3 (“le Fanel’’).
Hab. Senegal. (l., Jn., W.) Punta de Sio Lourenco and
Labra, also Porto Santo. Not common.

Natica furva, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 248.

Natica porcellana, 1839, d’Orbigny, Moll. Canar. p. 84, vi.
27, 28; Philippi in Mart. & Chem. Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed.
11. pt. 1, p. 62, x. 4. Hab. Canaries to St. Helena. (M.,
L., Jn., W.) Everywhere, but nearly always dead, and
lacking the operculum, which is thin, horny, and reddish.
Natica variabilis, Recluz, MS.; Reeve, Conch. Icon. rx.
xxiii, 104; Philippi in Mart. & Chem. Conch.-Cab. 2nd
ed. 1. pl. xi. f. 3, as W. labrella, but not that of Lamarck,
not the description on p. 68 nor fig. pl. xi. 17, nor pl. xix.
f.1; H. Adams, P. Z.S. 1869, p. 274, xix. 8 (as NV. mar-
morata). See Watson, ‘ Challenger’ Report, p. 485, for
discussion of the species. Hab. Canaries. (L., Jn., W.)
From the Gorgulho bay to Punta de Sao Lourengo, at the
East point of the Island. Common.

Neera, see Cuspidaria.

Ocinebra, see Murex.

Octopus vulgaris, 1798, Lamarck, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris,
vol. 1. p. 18: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. v. 144, frontispiece &
pl. vii. 1. Hab. West Indies, and from Scotland to Medi-
terranean and Canaries, and Indian Ocean, &c. (Jn., W.)
Not rare.

Odostomia acuta, 1848, Gwyn Jeffreys, Ann. & Mag. 2nd
ser. 1. 338; id., B. C. rv. 180, & v. 211, lxxni. 8. Hab,
From Lofotens to Mediterranean. (Jn., W.) Along 8.
shore from Funchal eastwards and Porto Santo. Common.
Odostomia albella, 1846, Lovén, Ind. Moll. Scand. p. 19:
Gwyn Jeffreys, B.C.1v. 121; & v. 211, Ixxii. 3. Hab. From
Norway to Mediterranean. (L., Jn., W.) Funchal east-
wards to East point. Very abundant.

Odostomia (Turbonilla) bulinea, 1840, Lowe, P. Z.8. p. 40;
Broechi, Conch. Foss. Subap. p. 383, vi. 7 (as Turbo stri-
atus, but not that of Mont.). Hab. Mediterranean. (L.
Jn., W.) Funchal to Punta deSao Lourenco and Porto Santo.

195.

197.

198.

199.

200.

202.
203.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 297

Very abundant but always dead, the shell bored and the
animal eaten.

Odostomia (Turbonilla) clathrata, 1848, Gwyn Jeffreys, Ann.
& Mag. 2nd ser. 11. 345; id. B. C. rv. 148, & v. 212, Ixxiv.
9. Hab. From Portugal to Mediterranean ; Ireland (?).
(W.) Puntade Sao Lourengo. Not rare.—Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys
says that McAndrew got it at Orotava in the Canaries;
and if so it is probably the unnamed one in his Madeiran
list, but I have no note of having seen it in his collection.

. Odostomia conoidea, 1814, Brocchi (as Turbo), Conch. Foss.

Subap. 659, 2nd ed. vol. 1. p. 495, xvi. 2: Gwyn Jeffreys,
B. C. rv. 127; & v. 211, lxxiii. 6. Hab. From North
Norway to Mediterranean. (Jn.,W.) Funchal, Porto Santo.
Not rare.

Odostomia conspicua, 1850, Alder, Trans. Tyne Club, 1. 359:
Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. Iv. 182; & v. 211, xxiii. 9. Hab.
From Lofotens to Mediterranean. (Jn., W.) Funchal to
Punta de Sio Lourengo. Rare.

Odostomia (Turbonilla) imdistincta, 1803, Montagu (as
Turbo), Test. Brit. Suppl. p. 129: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv.
149; & v. 213, Ixxv. 1. Hab. From Norway to Mediter-
ranean and Canaries. (Jn., W.) Everywhere ; common.
Odostomia (Turbonilla) interstincta, 1803, Montagu (as
Turbo), Test. Brit. 11. 324, xii. 10: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C.
tv. 151; & v. 219, lxxv. 12. Hab. From Lofotens to Medi-
terranean and Canaries. (M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere ;
very common.

Odostomia (Turbonilla) lactea, 1767, Linné (as Turbo), Syst.
Nat. p. 1238; Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 164; & v. 218, Ixxvi.
3. Hab. From Finmark to Mediterranean and Canaries.
(M., L., W.) Everywhere ; common.

. Odostomia (Turbonilla) nitidissima, 1803, Montagu (as

Turbo), Test. Brit. 11. 299, xii. 1: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv.
173; & v. 214, Ixxvi. 8. Hab. From Finmark to Mediter-
ranean. (W.) Canigal and Punta de Sio Lourencgo and
Porto Santo. Not rare.

Odostomia omphaloessa, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 261.
Odostomia (Turbonilla) Pointeli, 1867, de Folin, Fonds de
Mer, p. 100, xi. 4; Monterosato, Nomenclatura (as Aniso-
cycla), p. 99. Hab. Mediterranean. (W.) Canical, Punta
de Sao Lourenco, Porto Santo. Not rare.

LINN. JOURN.— ZOOLOGY, VOL. ¥XVI. 22

298

204.

206.

208.

209.

210.

211.
212.

213.

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

Odostomia (Turbonilla) pusilla, 1844, Philippi, Enumeratio,
II. 224, xxviii. 21: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 167; & v. 213,
Ixxvi. 4. Hab. From English Channel to Mediterranean.
(W.) Two specimens.

. Odostomia rissoides, 1844, Hanley, P.Z.S. p. 18: Gwyn

Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 122; & v. 211, Ixxii. 4. Had. From
Norway to Mediterranean. (W.) From the Gorgulho and
Funchal to Punta de Sao Lourengo and Porto Santo. Very
rare.

Odostomia (Turbonilla) rufa, 1836, Philippi (as Delania),
Enumeratio, 1. 156, ix.7: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 162; &
v. 212, Ixxvi.1. Hab. From Norway to Mediterranean and
Canaries. (M., W.) Funchal to East point and Porto
Santo. Not uncommon.

. Odostomia (Turbonilla) scalaris, Philippi (as Melania),

Enum. Moll. Sic. 1. 157, ix. 9; & 1. 187: (as Chemnitzia)
Gwyn Jeffreys, B.C. 1v. 160; & v. 213, lxxv.7. Hab. From
Massachusetts and New England to Finmark and the
Mediterranean. (W.) Funchal, two broken specimens.
Odostomia (Eulimella) scille, 1836, Scacchi (as Melania),
Notiz. Conchyl. p. 51: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 169; & v.
213, Ixxvi. 5. Hab. From Finmark to Mediterranean and
Canaries. (M., Jn., W.) One specimen alone fell to
Mr. Johnson and one to myself.

Odostomia tricincta, 1856, Gwyn Jeffreys, Ann. & Mag.
p- 185, ii. 12,13. Hab. North-west of France to Mediter-
ranean and Madeira. (W.) From Funchal to East point.
Frequent.

Odostomia turrita, 1844, Hanley, P. Z. 8. p. 18: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 1385; & v. 211, lxxiv.2. Hab. From the
Cattegat to Mediterranean. (Jn., W.) Funchal to East
point and Porto Sauto. Common.

Odostgmia (Turbonilla) undata, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 262.
Odostomia unidentata, 1803, Montagu (as Turbo), Test. Brit.
11. 824, xxi. 2: Gwyn Jeffreys B.C. 1v. 184; & v. 211, lxxiy.
1. Hab. From North Norway to Mediterranean. (W.)
From Funchal to East point and Porto Santo. Common.
Odostomia (Eulimella) ventricosa, 1848, Forbes (as Par-
thenia), Brit. Assoc. Augean Rep. p. 188; G. O. Sars,
Moll. Arct. Norv. p. 209, xi. 19, & xxii. 16. Hab. From
Norway to Mediterranean. (W.) One specimen.

. Oliva (Olivella) lewcozonias, 1839, Gray, Zool. of ‘ Blossom,’

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 299

p- 180, xxxvi. 24; Marrat, in Sowerby’s Thesaurus, rv.
sp. 213, pl. cecl. (bis) fig. 446. Neither of these authorities
gives any habitat for the species. Weinkauff, who identifies
it with O. pulchella, Duclos (see his Monog. pl. v. f. 11, 12),
gives Senegal as its habitat. Not knowing it from Madeira,
I quote it here simply as given “ from Funchal” in Senhor
Nobre’s list, and with extreme hesitation.

Omalaxis, see Bifrontia.

215. Ostrea cochlear, 1795, Poli, Test. Sic. 11. 179, xxviii. 28.
Hab. From Bay of Biscay to Mediterranean. (Jn., W.)
Funchal, &e. Common.

216. Ostrea cristata, 1780, Born, Mus. Ces. p. 112, vii. 3; Poli,
Test. Sic. tr. 177, xxvitil. 25-27. Hab. Mediterranean.
(L., Jn., W.) Magdalena, Funchal, &e. Common.

217. Ovula carnea, 1789, J. L. M. Poiret (as Bulla), Voyage, 11.
p- 21; Bruguiére, Encycl. 11. 685, sp. 5, pl. ccclxvii. 2;
Kiener, Icon. Coq. Viv. 1. 10, vi. 2. Hab. Mediterranean.
(W.) Magdalena. One specimen brought up from 100
fathoms in a jar accidentally entangled in a fisherman’s
line.

218. Oxygyrus Keraudrenii, 1817, Lesueur (as Atlanta), Jour.
de Phys. uxxxv. 391, u.; Woodward, Man. Moll. pl. xiv.
24,25. Hab. Pelagic. (Ju., W.) From Funchal to East
point, &e.

Panopea, see Saxicava.

Parenta.—The confusion both in the classification and no-
menclature of this genus is very great. I touch on no
disputed points when I state that no one at work on the
shore of Madeira can doubt that there are four, and only
four, very distinct and very easily differentiated species,
and under the law of priority their names fall to them
without difficulty. Alphabetically arranged they are :—

219. Patella aspera, 1819, Lamarck, An. s. Vert. v1. (1) 328;
2nd ed. by Deshayes, vir. 529; d’Orbigny, Moll. Canar.
p- 98, vu. 9,10 (as P. Lowez). [Hanley, see Wood, Ind.
Test. p. 185, xxxvil. 19, says that this is Dillwyn’s P. re-
panda of Gmel. Syst. Nat. ed. Linn. Syst. Nat. 137; but
both the locality “ freto Magellanico,” and the description
“testa tenut .... margine repando,’ remove Gmelin’s
species very far from that found in Madeira. Dillwyn,
indeed, ascribes Gmelin’s P. repanda to “ Island of Cerigo,”
but gives no authority for this assertion of Favanne.]

22*

300

220.

221.

222.

223.

224.

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

Hab. From the Bay of Biscay to Mediterranean and
Canaries. (M.,L.,N., Jn.,W.) Very common everywhere.
Patella cerulea, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1259 (see Han-
ley, Ips. Linn. Conch. p. 421); Philippi, Enum. 1. 110,
11. 84, vii. 5; Hidalgo, Moll. Mar. Esp. pl. 1. 1-8, li. 1, 2;
d’Orbigny (as P. crenata), Moll. Canar. p. 97, pl. vii. 1-8.
Hab. Bay of Biscay to Mediterranean and Canaries. (M.,
L., N., Jn., W.) Very common everywhere.

Patella rustica, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1261 ; Wood (as
P. lusitanica, Gmel., see Syst. Nat. p. 3715), Index Test.
p- 188, pl. xxxvi. 66: Lamarck (as P. punctata), An. s.
Vert. vi. (1) 333; ed. 2 Deshayes, vir. 537. no. 34;
Delessert, pl. xxiii. 4; Reeve (as P. nigropunctata), Conch.
Icon. pl. xxxiii. 57; d’Orbigny, Moll. Canar. p. 97, pl. vil B.
13-15. Hab. Bay of Biscay to Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn;
W.) Very common everywhere.
Patella vulgata, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1258 ; d’Orbigny
(as P. Candez), Moll. Canar. p. 98, pl. vii B. 11,12: Gwyn
Jeffreys (as P. vulgata), B. C. 111. 236, v. 3; & v. lvii. 1-4.
Hab. From north of Norway to Mediterranean and Canaries.
(M., L., N., Jn., W.) Very common everywhere.

Patella Gussonii, see Siphonaria.

Pecten corallinoides, 1839, d’Orbigny, Moll. Canar. p. 102,
pl. viis. 20-22; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. 1. 65, xu. 3, 4;
Kiister, in Mart. & Chemn. Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. vit. pt. 2,
p- 58, pl. xv. 7-9 (who denies the correctness of Sowerby’s
identification, which may however pass). Hab. Canaries
and Madeira. (M., L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere; very
common. ;

Pecten fenestratus, 1848, Forbes, Brit. Assoc. Report,
p. 192; Gwyn Jeffreys (as Plewronectia), Med. Moll., Ann.
& Mag. July 1870, p. 40, and (as Amussiwm) in Report on
the Lightn. & Pore. Exped., P. Z. S. 1879, p. 561 (identify-
ing Forbes’ sp., however, with Pecten Philippii, Acton,
Ricerche Conch. fig. 1 =P. Actoni, v. Martens, Malak.
Blatter, 1857, p. 194, iii. 1-8, but mentioning at the same
time some remarkable features of the species which made
him hesitate in the identification). Kobelt, Prodromus,
p- 440, extends this synonymy, and in his Monograph in
the Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. p. 268, pl. Ixx. ff. 7,8 (a copy of
Acton’s figure), quotes Verrill, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1880,
p- 403, and also Trans. Connect. Acad. 1882, v. p. 582, for

225.

226.

227.

228.

229.

230.

231.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 301

this species as found on the East coast of America; but
this identification Verrill (1884, Proc. Conn. Acad. vr. 261)
now rejects. Hab. North Atlantic and Mediterranean.
(Jn., W.) Punta de Sao Lourenco. Very rare.

Pecten flexuosus, 1795, Poli (as Ostrea), Test. Sicil. 11. 159-
161, xxviii. 1-3, and (as O. plicata) fig. 11; Philippi (as
P. polymorphus), Enumeratio, 1.79, & 11. 57, pl. v. 18-21.
Hab. Mediterranean. (M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere;
common.

Pecten Jacobeus, 1767, Linné (as Ostrea), Syst. Nat. p. 1149 ;
Pennant, Brit. Zool. tv. 100, xl. 1. Hab. Mediterranean
to Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere; common.
—The P. maximus of McAndrew’s collection in Cambridge,
from the Canaries is a young specimen of P. Jacobeus.
The same is probably the case in other instances.

Pecten Loveni, 1853, Dunker, Index Moll. Guin. p. 44.
no. 115, ix. 31. Hab. The Guinea coast. (N.) Dunker
got two separate valves from Loanda. Nobre, besides
adding Sierra Leone, gives it as dredged in Funchal Bay.—
The species is one I have never seen. Dunker’s authority
is of course of great weight; his figure, but less so his
description, suggests the young form of P. fenestratus,
Forbes.

Pecten pes felis, 1758, Linné (as Ostrea), Syst. Nat. ed. 10.
vol. 1. 697, & 1767, do. do. ed. 12. p. 1146; Sowerby,
Thes. Conch. 1. 67, xvii. 162, xx. 134. Hab. From Bay of
Biscay to Mediterranean and Mogador. (M., L., N., Jn.,
W.) From Magdalena to Punta de Sao Lourengo. Not
common, and the valves never joined.

Pecten pusio, 1767, Linné (as Ostrea), Syst. Nat. p. 1146:
Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 51; & v. 166, xxii. 1. Hab. From
Norway to Mediterranean and Cape of Good Hope. (M.,
L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere ; very abundant.

Pecten similis, 1811, Laskey, Mem. Werner. Soc. 1. 387,
vill. 8: Gwyn Jeffreys, B.C. 11. 71; & v. 168, xxiii. 5. Had.
From Finmark to Mediterranean (and Jamaica, f Barrett).
(M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere, from Magdalena to Punta
de Sao Lourengo and Porto Santo. Very abundant.
Pecten solidulus, 1853, Reeve, Conch. Icon. vii. pl. xxxiii.
155; Philippi (as P. gibbus, Lam.), Enumeratio, 1. 83;
Récluz (as P. Philippi, Michel.), Jour. de Conch. tv. 52,
il. 15; Monterosato, Coq. Maroc., Jour. de Conch. 1889,

302

REY. R. B. WATSON ON THE

p- 20. Hab. Mediterranean to Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn.,
W.) Everywhere ; very abundant.—The Marquis of Monte-
rosato has done a great service in showing that this species
is not the P. gibbus, Lam., nor the fossil P. Philippi,
Michelotti of 1839, and that his own name of P. commu-
tatus for the species is later than Reeve’s. After following
him “ per tot discrimina” nominum, we may hope that this
unfortunate species will rest under Reeve’s shelter.

232. Pecten varius, 1767, Linné (as Ostrea), Syst. Nat. p. 1146.

Hab. From Norway to Mediterranean.—This species enters
here as one given in Senhor Nobre’s list, supported, how-
ever, by an entry in Mr. Lowe’s List (Journ. Linn. Soe.
1860, p. 173) of shells observed at Mogador in which
Pecten varius occurs. Mr. Lowe’s own copy, however, of
that paper, along with the three separate valves sent him
from Mogador, is in my possession, and a note appended
by himself states that he had not found the species, but
received it along with fourteen others (and probably
several more, see l. c. p. 172) “ from Mrs. Elton.”

233. Pectunculus glycimeris, 1767, Linné (as Arca), Syst. Nat.

p- 1148 : Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 166, 1v.4:3 & V.175, xxx. 2,
Hab. From the Lofotens to Mediterranean, Mogador, and
Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn., W.) Funchal, Labra, Punta de
Sao Lourengo, Porto Santo. Abundant.

Pectunculus siculus, 1848, Reeve, Conch. Icon. vol. i. Monog. 5, pl. vii,
fig. 41.—McAndrew alone gives this species (a syn. of P. bimaculatus, Poli),
and he has added to it ‘‘ frequent,” but no one else has found it. In the
British Museum shells ticketed “ P. siculus, presented by Mr. McAndrew,”
are marked ‘‘Canarian.” ‘The locality whence the Cambridge Museum
specimens belonging to his own more special collection were derived is
not noted, but the name attached indicates that he held the species to
be distinct from Pecten glycimeris.

234. Pedipes afra, 1790, Gmelin (as Helix), Syst. Nat. p. 3795.

no. 194; Lowe, Zool. Jour. v. 296, xiii. 8-12, and P.Z.S8.
1854, p. 217 (note under Zruncatella), & p. 218 ; Deshayes,
Lamarck, An. s. Vert. 2nd ed. 1x. 42; Pfeiffer, Monog.
Auric. 1.68; H. & A. Adams, Genera, 111. pl]. Ixxxiii. 4, 4°.
The whole credit of this species really belongs to Adanson
(Hist. Sénégal, p. 11, pl. 1.4), who carefully, minutely, and
most accurately described and figured the animal and the
shell under the name of “ Le piéton—Pedipes.” Hab.
From Lisbon (see Wollaston, Test. Atlant. pp. 50, 265,
293) to Senegal and St. Helena. (Jn., W.) Very common

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 303

under stones and large shingle between high- and low-water
mark.
Peplidea, see Plocamophorus.

235. Phasianella pulla, 1767, Linné (as Furbo), p. 1283: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. 111. 338, vili.1; & v. 204, Ixiv.1. Hab. From
Great Britain to Mediterranean, Mogador and Canaries.
(M., L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere ; very common.

236. Philine aperta, 1767, Linné (as Bulla), Syst. Nat. p. 1183:
Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 457, viii. 7; & v. xevi. 1. Had.
From North Norway to Mediterranean and Cape of Good
Hope. (M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere ; common.

237. Philine complanata, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 235.

238. Philine desmotis, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 236.

239. Philine scabra, 1776, Miller (as Bulla), Zool. Dan. Prod.
1. 41, Ixxi. 11, 12; Wood, Crag Moll., Gasterop. p. 181,
xxi. 12 (as Bulla); Philippi, Enum. 1. 121, vii. 17 (as Bulla
anqustata); Forbes & Hanley, Brit. Moll. 111. 543, exiv 5.
4,5: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C.1v. 447; & v. 224, xevi. 1; G.
Sars, Moll. Norv. p. 294, xviii. 18. Hab. From Greenland to
Mediterranean. Fossil in English Coralline Crag and the
older glacial clay beds of Norway. (W.) Funchal, 50 fms.
—I think it just possible that my specimens may belong to
Miiller’s species (which finds representation under some-
what diverse figures), and cannot take the responsibility of
describing the Madeira species as new on the strength of
merely two specimens, obviously of one species, but of
which one is little more than embryonic and the other is
slightly chipped. At the same time I greatly doubt whether
they can be left under this name: their spire is too high,
the corner of the outer lip droops too far below the plane
of the apex, and the sculpture is too fine, too uniform, and
too sparse to suit Miiller’s species.

240. Philine trachyostraca, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 236.

241. Pinna rudis, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1159: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 99, frontispiece &Giii. 1; & v. 170, xxvi.
Hab. From Great Britain to Mediterranean and Canaries.
(M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere; common.

242. Pleurobranchus Dautzenbergi, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 239.

243. Pleurobranchus Lowei, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 240.

244. Pleurobranchus plumula, 1803, Montagu, Test. Brit. 1. 214,
xv. 9, vignette 1. 5; Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. v. 11, xevii. 4.
Hab. From Bohusliin, Sweden, tothe Zgean. (Jn., W.)—

304

245.

246.

247.

248.

250.

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

This species is poorly represented by two small rather
damaged shells and a somewhat broken but well-grown
specimen whose dorsal margin-line is straighter than
usual, and in that respect resembles P. brevifrons, Phil.,
which, however (f. Monterosato), cannot reckon as a
species.

Pleurotoma (Mangelia) anceps, 1830, Kichwald, Naturhist.
Skiz. Lithauen &c. p. 225: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. (as
Defrancia teres) tv. 362, & v. 219, Ixxxvii.5. Hab. From
Lofotens to Mediterranean and Canaries. (M., Jn., W.)
Funchal, Punta de Sao Lourengo, 30 to 40 fms. Not
common.

Pleurotoma (Mangelia) gracilis, 1803, Montagu (as Murex),
Test. Brit. p. 267, xv. 5; Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 363,
vy. 219, lxxxviii.6. Hab. Gt. Britain to Mediterranean and
Canaries. (M.,L., N.,Jn., W.) From Magdalena to Punta
de Sao Lourengo. Common.

Pleurotoma (Clathurella) histrix, 1832, Cristofori & Jan,
Catalogus Conch. Foss. p.10; Gwyn Jeffreys, Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vr. 82; Brugnone, Pleur. Foss. Palerm.
p- 28, i. 21; Bellardi, Moll. Terz. Piemonte, vol. 11. 266;
Monterosato, Enumeratio, p. 46. Hab. Mediterranean.
(Jn., W.) Funchal, Punta de Sao Lourengo. Very abundant.
Pleurotoma (Mangelia) inerassata, 1837, Dujardin, Mém.
Tour. p. 292, xx. 28; Philippi, Enumeratio, 11. 168, xxvi. 6.
Hab. Mediterranean. (Jn., W.) Funchal, Punta de Sao

Lourengo. Rare.

. Pleurotoma (Olathurella) Leufroyi,1828, Michaud, Bull. Soe.

Linn. Bord. 11. 121, 1.5, 6; Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 366 ;
& vy. 219, Ixxxix.1. Hab. From Norway to Mediterranean
and Canaries. (Jn., W.) Funchal, Punta de Sao Lourengo,
Porto Sauto. Very abundant.

Pleurotoma (Clathurella) linearis, 1803, Montagu (as
Murex), Test. Brit. 1. 261, ix. 4: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv.
368, vil. 1; & v. 220, Ixxxix. 2. Hab. From Iceland and
Northern Norway to Mediterranean and the Canaries,
(M., L., W.) From Funchal to Punta de Sao Lourengo and
Porto Santo. Very abundant.

. Pleurotoma (Mangelia) nebula, 1803, Montagu (as Murex),

Test. Brit. p. 267, xv. 6: Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 384; & v. 220,
xci. 1. Hab. From North Norway to Mediterranean and

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. | 305

Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere; very abun-
dant. Mr. Johnson mentions having got it from 30 fms.

252. Pleurotoma (Clathurella) purpurea, 1803, Montagu (as

“ Murex), Test. Brit. p. 260, ix. 3: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v.
373; & v. 220, Ixxxix. 5, 6. Hab. From Gt. Britain to
Mediterranean and Canaries. (M., L., W.) Everywhere;
abundant.

253. Pleurotoma (Clathurella) reticulata, 1804, Renieri (as
Murex), Tav. Alfab. p. 2: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 370, &
v. 220, Ixxxix. 3,4. Hab. From Norway to Mediterranean.
Everywhere ; common.

254, Plewrotoma (Mangelia) rugulosa,1844, Philippi, Enumeratio,
11. 169, xxvi. 8: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 881; & v. 220,
xe. 4. Hab. S.W. England to Mediterranean. (L., Jn., W.)
Very abundant.—This is the species which Monterosato
(Nomenclatura, p. 180) identifies as Mangelia Stosiciana,

Brus., Jour. de Conch. 1869, p. 235.

255. Pleurotoma (Mangelia) septangularis, 1803, Montagu (as
Murex), Test. Brit. p. 260, ix.5: Gwyn Jeffreys, B.C. rv.
390; & v. 222, cxi. 5. Hab. From South Norway to
Madeira and Canaries. (M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere;
very abundant.

256. Pleurotoma (Mangelia) striolata, 1836, Scacchi, Catalogus,
p- 12; Philippi, Enumeratio, 11. 168, xxvi. 7: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 376; & v. 220,xc.1. Hab. From Norway
to Mediterranean and Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn., W.)
Everywhere ; extremely abundant. Johnson mentions
having got it in 30 fms.

257. Pleurotoma (Mangelia) Vauquelini, 1826, Payraudeau, Moll.
Corse, p. 145, vii. 14, 15; Kiener, Iconog. vol. v. Pleurot.
p- 76, xxvi. 2; Weinkauff, Conch. Mittelm. 11. 166;
Kobelt, Prodrom. Moll. Mar. Europ. p. 141. Hab. Medi-
terranean. (M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere; abundant.

Poromya granulata.—This species, as represented by a single valve,
appears in McAndrew’s List, p. 37, but it is not to be found in his col-
lection either at the British Museum or at Cambridge, and no one else
has met with it in Madeira.

258. Plocamophorus madere, 1842, Lowe (as Peplidea), P. Z. 8.
p- 51. (L.) Gorgulho Bay.

259. Psammobia costulata, 1822, Turton (as Tellina), Conch. Die.
p- 87, vi. 8: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1. 394; & v. 187, xlii. 2.

3806 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

Hab. From Norway to Mediterranean and Canaries. (M.,
L., W.) Everywhere ; very common.

260. Psammobia ferroensis, 1782, Chemnitz (as Tellina), Conch.-
Cab. vi. 99, x. 91: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1. 396; & v.
xlu. 3. Hab. From Iceland to Mediterranean and Canaries,
and fossil from the later Italian Tertiaries. (N.) Senhor
Nobre alone has been fortunate enough to secure this
species: “ Dredged at Canigal.”

Pseudomurex, see Murex.

261. Purpura hemastoma, 1767, Linné (as Buccinum), Syst. Nat.
p- 1202; Philippi, Enumeratio, 1. 218, & m. 187, xxvii. 2.
Mediterranean to Senegal (see Adanson, as Purpura Sakem,
p- 100, vii. 1), Cape de Verdes (Bowditch, p. 242), Lagos
(Hi A. Smith, P?Z.'S. 1871, p. 732). <Gi., Ne-dinee ae
Everywhere ; very common.

Pyrula, see Murex.

262. Ranella (Aspa) marginata, 1788, Gmelin (as Buccinum),
Syst. Nat. p. 3486. no. 63; Martini (as Utriculus fimbriatus-
dentatus), Conch.-Cab. 111. 425, pl. exx. 1101-2; Sowerby,
Genera, 1. pl. cecil. f. 2; Kiener (as R. levigata), Iconog.
vil. p. 34, xii.2; Deshayes (2. levigata), Encycel. 111. 882 ;
Lamarck (2. levigata), An. s. Vert. vit. 154, 2nd edit.
(Deshayes) 1x. 550; Kiister (2. levigata), Conch.-Cab. 2nd
edit., 111. pt. 2, p. 154, xxxixa. 8; Hornes (R. levigata),
Foss. Moll. Wien. Bass. 1. 214, xxi. 7-11; Seguenza (R.
marginata), Formazioni Terz. p. 108. Hab. Canaries and
N.W. Africa, but best known asa fossil. (., W.) Funchal,
Porto Santo. Living, but rather rare.

263. Ranella reticularis, 1780, Born (as Murex), Mus. Vind.
p- 300, pl. x1, 5; Lamarck (as &. gigantea), An. s. Vert.
vit. 150, 2nd ed. (Deshayes) rx. 540; Reeve, Conch. Icon.
vol. 11. sp. 8; Philippi, Enumeratio, 1. 211, & um. 183.
Hab. Froin Bay of Biscay to Mediterranean. (L., N.,
Jn., W.) Porto Santo, Funchal. Rare.—This is Murex
olearium of Linné’s 10th, but not of his 12th edition.

264. Ranella scrobiculator, 1767, Linné (as Murea), Syst. Nat.
p- 1218; Adanson, Sénégal (as “ Jabik’’), p. 121, pl. viii. 13 ;
Deshayes (as Yriton), Encycl. 111. 1056, pl. cecexiv. 3;
d’Orbigny (as &. abbreviata), Moll. Canar. p. 94. Hab.
Mediterranean to Senegal. (L., N., Jn., W.) From Gor-
gulho Bay to Punta de Sao Lourengo. Abundant.

265.

266.

267.

268.

269.

270.

Pre

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 307

Ranella Thome, 1853, d@Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, 1. 164, xxiii.
23. Hab. Island of St. Thomas, W. Indies. (Jn., W.)
Punta de Sio Lourengo and Porto Santo; 5 full-grown
(3 living) and 4 young shells. There are 2 specimens
in the Brit. Mus. from the Cape Verd Is.—I have failed
to trace this species to 1846, to which year d’Orbigny
ascribes it. It does not occur in his Amér. Méridion. For
note on the species, see Watson, ‘Challenger’ Report,
p. 400.

Ringicula auriculata, 1811, Ménard (as Marginella), Ann.
Mus. xvi. 381; Philippi, Enumeratio, 1. 231, um. 198,
xxvill. 13; Morelet, Jour. de Conch. 1878, p. 275, v. 14;
Watson, Jour. de Conch. 1878, p. 312, x. 4. Hab. Bay of
Biscay to Mediterranean. (M., L., N., Jn., W.) Every-
where ; extremely abundant.

Ringicula Somert, 1867-71, de Folin, Fonds d. 1. Mer,
1. pt. 1, p. 14, i. 7; Morelet, Monog. Ringicula, Jour. de
Conch. 1878, p. 128, v. 8. Hab. Cape Verd Is. (N.)—
I give this species entirely on the authority of Senhor
Nobre. It is one I have not seen, and of which T cannot
judge. Among the very great number of specimens of
Feingicula collected in Madeira I have never seen any
variety on which to found a species, and indeed the
peculiarities obvious in the figures of R. Someri are
exactly those of the immature shell of R. auriculata.
Rissoa (Onoba) abjecta, 1873, Watson, Mad. Moll., P. Z.S.
p- 885, xxxvi. 23; Weinkaufl, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed.1. pt. 22,
p- 164, xx. 15. Hab. Madeira. (W.) Funchal. One
specimen, now lost.

Rissoa (Cingula) albugo, 1873, Watson, P. Z. 8. p. 379, xxxv.
17 ; Wienkauff, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 1. pt. 22, p. 150, xviii.
9. (Jn., W.) Everywhere ; abundant.

Rissoa (Alvania) aurantiaca, 1873, Watson, P. Z.8. p. 367,
xxxiv. 3; Weinkauff, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 1. pt. 22, p. 145,
xvil.1l. (Jn., W.) Everywhere abundant.—The R. auran-
tiaca of Brusina is (7: Monterosato) Barleeia rubra, Mont.
Rissoa (Cingula) callosa, 1868, Manzoni, Jour. de Conch.
pp. 166 & 214, x. 8; Weinkauff, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 1.
pt. 22, p. 153, xvii. 14,15. (Jn., W.) Funchal eastwards to
Punta de Sao Loureng¢o and at Porto Santo. From 30 fms.
upwards to the shore.—The identification of this species is

308

272.

273.

274.

275.

276.

277.

278.

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

that of Mr. McAndrew. He was kind enough to send me
specimens ‘of Manzoni’s species, but they were too much
rubbed to render independent estimate possible. The
figures of the species in the ‘Journal de Conchyliologie ’
(/.c.) are not good, and as reproduced in the ‘ Conchy-
lien-Cabinet’ (J. c.) and in Tryon’s ‘ Manual’ (1x. 350,
lxv. 6) have still less character.

Rissoa (Alvania) canariensis, 1839, d’Orbigny, Moll. Canar.
p- 78, vi. 5-7; Watson, P.Z.S8. 1873, p. 376, xxxv. 18;
Weinkauff, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 1. pt. 22, p. 118, iii.
19, 20. Hab. Mediterranean to Canaries, (L., Jn., W.)
Everywhere ; very abundant. Semifossil in the Canigal beds.
ftissoa (Alvania) cancellata, 1778, da Costa (as Turbo),
Brit. Conch. p. 104, viii. 6-9: Gwyn Jefireys, B. C. rv. 8;
& v. 207, Ixiv.3; Watson, P. Z.S. 1873, p. 367, xxxiv. 2.
Hab. From Gt. Britain to Mediterranean, Mogador, and
Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere; very
abundant.

ftissoa coriacea, 1868, Manzoni, Jour. de Conch. pp. 166 &
242, x.6; Watson, P. Z.S. 1873, p. 369, xxxvi. 27 ; Wein-
kauff, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 1. pt. 22, p. 141, xvi. 11.
Hab. Mediterranean. (Jn., W.) From Funchal to Punta
de Sao Lourengo, in 30 to 50 fms. Not common.

Rissoa (Alvania) costata, 1796, John Adams (as Turbo),
Trans. Linn. Soc. m1. 65, xii. 18, 14: Gwyn Jeffreys,
B.C. 1v. 22; & v. 207, lxviii. 2; Watson, P. Z.S. 1878,
p. 369, xxxiv. 5. Hab. From Norway to Mediterranean
and Canaries. (Jn., W.) Everywhere ; abundant.

Rissoa (Alvania) costulata, 1844, Alder, Ann. & Mag.
vol. XIII. p. 324, viii. 8,9; Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C.1v.35; &
v. 208, lxviii. 1; Watson, P.Z.S. 1873, p. 378, xxxy. 15.
Hab. From Gt. Britain to Mediterranean. (L., Jn., W.)
Everywhere ; very abundant.

Rissoa (Alvania) crispa, 1873, Watson, P. Z. 8. p. 369,
xxxiv.6; Weinkauff, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 1. pt. 22, p. 157,
xix. 9, 10. (Jn., W.) From Funchal to Punta de Sao
Lourengo and Porto Santo. Abundant.

Rissoa (Cingilla) cristallinula, 1868, Manzoni, Jour. de
Conch. p. 5, x. 2; Weinkauff, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed.1. pt. 22,
p- 153, xvii. 13, 16. Hab. Canaries. (W.) Porto Santo.
Two specimens.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 309

279. Rissoa (Cingula) depicta, 1868, Manzoni, Jour. de Conch.
p. 168, x. 4; Watson, P.Z.S. 1873, p. 382, xxxv. 20;
Weinkauff, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 1. pt. 22, p. 152, xviii. 12.
Hab. Canaries and Madeira. (Jn., W.) From Funchal to
Punta de Sio Lourengo. Abundant.—This Madeiran species
is quite obviously distinct from R. semistriata, Mont., and
from Rk. Galvagne, Arad.; probably it is distinct from
Manzoni’s species and would be better called 2. punctifera,,
as the Monog. of 1873 (i. ¢.) suggests, but satisfactory
specimens of Manzoni’s Canarian #. depicta are wanting
for present revision. I leave it therefore as given in the
P3Zo8.0f 1873.

280. Rissoa (Alvania) euchila, 1886, Watson, P. Z. S. 1873,
p- 377, pl. xxxv. 13 (as R. novarensis, but not that of
von Frauenfeld as stated on the authority of Baron Schwarz
v. Mohrenstern ; the error was corrected in the ‘ Chal-
lenger’ Report, and frequently since) ; Weinkauff, Conch.-
Cab. 2nd ed. 1. pt. 22, p. 147, xvii. 14. (Jn., W.) From
Funchal to Punta de Sao Lourengo, at various depths.
Abundant.

281. Ltissoa (Crossea) gibbera, 1873, Watson, P. Z.S. p. 371,
xxxiv. 7; Weinkauff, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed, 1. pt. 22, p. 158,
xix. 11,12. (Jn., W.) From Funchal to Punta de Sao Lou-
renco and Porto Santo. Abundant.—I do not believe this
species to be a Rissoa, and doubt the claim of Crossea to be
there admitted ; but with entire ignorance o the animal,
it is better quéeta non movere.

282. Rissoa (Pisinna) glabrata, 1824, von Miihlfeldt (as Helix),
Verhand. naturhist. Gesellsch. 1. 218, iii. 10; Philippi (as
R. punctulum), Enumeratio, 1. 154, x. 11, & 1. 130;
Watson, P. Z.S. 1873, p. 386, xxxvi. 24. Hab. From Bay
of Biscay to Mediterranean and Canaries. (L., Jn., W.)
From Funchal to Punta de Sio Lourenco. Abundant.

283. Rissoa (Cingula) innominata, 1897, Watson (1873 as
R. concinna, Monterosato), P. Z. 8. 1873, p. 881, xxxv. 19.
(Jn., W.) Everywhere; abundant.—There is difficulty
over both the differentiation and the name of this species.
In 1869 the Marquis of Monterosato published a Medi-
terranean species as Lt. concinna (see Test. Nuov. Sicil. p. 8.
no. 2). In 1875 (Nuov. Revista, p. 26) he ranked it as a
var. of Rk. Galvagni, Arad.; but in 1878 (Enumerazione &ec.
p- 26) restored it to specific rank, but marked that the name

310

284.

285.

286.

287.

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

of R. concinna he had given it was preoccupied by Searles
Wood for a different species; and in that belief in his
‘ Nomenclatura,’ 1884, p. 66, he changed the name of his
Mediterranean species to R. beniamina. But R. concinna
was a mere catalogue-name which Searles Wood, when he
came for the first time to describe the species, replaced by
a true specific name, viz. &. punctura. R. concinna thus
remains as the name of Monterosato’s Mediterranean
species. That name therefore I should have adopted here
for the Madeiran species now in view but for the fact that
Monterosato rejects my identification of the Madeiran
species with his from the Mediterranean. The material
for a thorough independent opinion I do not possess, and
I am content to accept the judgment of an authority
in every way so trustworthy—compelled, however, in these
circumstances to propose for the Madeiran species the new
name I have given above.
Rissoa (Alvania) Leacocki, 1873, Watson, P. Z. 8. p. 367,
xxxiv. 1; Weinkauff, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 1. pt. 22, p. 157,
xix. 8. (L., Jn., W.) Gorgulho shore, Punta de Sao
Loureng¢o down to 45 fms., Porto Santo to 50 fms., Selvagens.
Abundant.
Rissoa (Pisinna) lincta, 1873, Watson, P. Z. 8. p. 387,
xxxvi. 26; Tryon, Manual of Conch. 1x. 341, lxix. 47.
Hab. Madeira, Canaries. (W.) Funchal and Santa Cruz.
Five specimens from Madeira, one from Tenerife.
Rissoa (Alwania) Macandrewi, 1868, Manzoni, Jour. de
Conch. pp. 164 & 237, x. 1; Watson, P. Z.S. 1873, p. 372,
xxxiv. 8; Weinkauff, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. I. pt. 22, p. 159,
xix. 138-15. (Jn., W.) Funchal, Cruz Point. Very
abundant.
Rissoa (Onoba) Moniziana, 1873, Watson, P.Z.S. p. 373,
xxxiv.10; Weinkauff, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 1. pt. 22, p. 146,
xviii. 2, 8. (Jn., W.) From Funchal to Punta de Sao
Louren¢o and Porto Santo. Abundant.

Rissoa (Alvania) Montagui, 1826, Payraudeau, Moll. Corse.—One speci-
men which I got in Funchal Bay, 50 fms., the ordinary anchorage
and discharge for ballast, is, so far as I know, the only representative
of this species found in Madeira; and I stated in P. Z. 8. 1875, p. 390,
that I did not on such evidence regard it as Madeiran. Weinkauff,
however (Conch.-Cab, 2nd ed. 1. pt. 22, p. 114), gives it as Madeiran, but

without quoting any authority. It ought not without further evidence
to reckon as Madeiran.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 3ll

Rissoa parva, 1778, da Costa (as Turbo), Brit. Conch. (W.) Funchal,
50 fms. Two rubbed and broken specimens, doubtless not Madeiran,
but brought in ballast.

288. Rissoa (Cingilla) picta, 1867, Gwyn Jeffreys, Ann. & Mag.
p- 435; Watson, P.Z.S. 1873, p. 381, xxxv. 18; Wein-
kauff, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 1. pt. 22, p. 151, xviii. 10. (L.,
Jn., W.) Everywhere in shallow water. Very abundant.

Rissoa (Setia) pulcherrima, Gwyn Jeffreys; Watson, P. Z. 8. 1873, p. 883,
is now suppressed.

289. Rissoa (Pisinna) sabulum, 1842, Cantraine, Bull. Acad.
Brux. 1x. pt. 2, p. 348; Watson, P. Z.S. 1873, p. 387,
xxxvi. 25. Hab. Mediterranean. (L., Jn., W.) In
shallow water from Funchal to Punta de Sao Lourenco,
Porto Santo, and the Selvagens. Abundant, but local.
—It seems strange that both this species and R. glabrata,
v- Miihl., should be identified with R. punctulum, Phil.

290. Rissoa similis, 1836, Scacchi, Cat. Reg. Neap. p. 14; Wat-
son, P. Z. 8. 1873, p. 379, xxxiv. 16, 16a@ (given then, as
now, in utter disbelief in the whole group into which
R. parva has been split, but given here because work such
as Baron Schwarz v. Mohrenstern’s great Monograph on
the group cannot without impertinence be gainsaid except
by work of equal fulness and care. The species, as well as
the others of the group, is given here from his identification
of specimens from Madeira). Mediterranean. (L., Jn., W.)
Everywhere, including the Selvagens. Very abundant.

291. Rissoa (Setia) spadix, Watson, P. Z. 8S. 1873, p. 383, xxxvi.
22 (as &. perminima, Manzoni).— Weinkauff, Conch.-Cab.
2nd ed. I. pt. 22, p. 149, quotes my paper &c. under
R. perminima, Manzoni, whose description he follows, but
his figure 8, pl. xviii., is a copy of the Madeiran species
now published (see Reeve, Conch. Icon, as, on my sug-
gestion (l.¢.), distinct) ; that is, the description refers to a
different species from that of the figure. I adopted in the
P.Z.S. paper of 1873 Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys’s identification of
my Madeiran species. I am still, as then, unfortunately
without any specimens of Manzoni’s Canarian species; but on
fresh and very careful review I am satisfied that Manzoni’s
description will not cover the Madeiran species, and Mr.
Edgar A. Smith’s opinion confirmatory of my own is adverse
to Dr. Jeffreys’s identification ——(Jn., W.) From Funchal
to Punta de Sao Lourengo and Porto Santo. Not abundant.

312

292.

293.

294.

295.

296.

297.

298.

299.

REV. BR. B. WATSON ON THE

Rissoa (Alvania) spreta, 1873, Watson, P.Z.8. p. 373,
xxxiv. 9. (Jn., W.) Santa Cruz, Machico, Labra, Punta de
Saio Lourenco, Porto Santo; 20 to 50fms. Excessively
abundant.—This species was named, described, and figured
as a possible variety of R. Macandrewi, but that opinion is
really not tenable.
Rissoa (Onoba) striata, 1797-1809, John Adams (as Turbo),
Tr. Linn. Soe. 11. 66, xii. 25, 26: Gwyn Jeffreys, B.C. rv.
37; & v. 208, lxviii. 2; Watson, P. Z. 8. 1873, p. 368 (the
var. lirata, Wats. J. c. pl. xxxiv. fig.3). (Jn., W.) Every-
where, but never abundant.
Rissoa(?) tenuisculpta, 1873, Watson, P. Z. 8. p. 389, xxxv.
28; Weinkauff, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 1. pt. 22, p. 148, xvii.
6,7. Hab. From Bay of Biscay to Mediterranean, in very
deep water. (W.) Funchal, Punta de Sao Lourengo. Very
rare. ;
Rissoa violacea, 1814, Desmarest, Bull. Soc. Phil. p. 8, pl. i.
8; Watson, P. Z.S. 1878, p. 378, xxxv. 14; Weinkauff,
Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 1. pt. 22, p. 110, ii. 17-19, xvii. 4-6.
Hab. From Norway to Mediterranean and Canaries. (M.,
Jn., W.) Porto Santo. There alone, but in abundance.
—By aslip of the pen McAndrew gives this species both
for the Canaries and for Madeira as Lt. purpurea.
Rissoa Watsoni, 1873, Schwarz v. Mohrenstern in Uitt. ;
Watson, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 375, pl. xxxv. fig. 11; Weinkauff,
Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 1. pt. 22, p. 174, xxii. 10,11. (Jn,
W.) Everywhere ; abundant.
Roxaniella, see Atys.
Saxicava (Saxicavella) carinata, 1811, Brocchi (as Mytilus),
Conch. Foss. Subappen. 1st ed. p. 585, & 2nd ed. 11. 406,
xiv. 16; Searles Wood, Crag Moll. 1. 289, xxix. 5 a-e.
Hab. Mediterranean, but existing from the later Tertiary
period. (Jn., W.) Funchal, Cruz Point. Very local, but
not rare.
Saxicava (Saxicavella) plicata, 1809, Montagu (as DHytilus),
Test. Brit., Suppl. p. 70: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C, m1. 75, iii.
2; & v. li. 1 (as Panopea). Hab. From the Shetlands to
the Mediterranean. (L., Jn., W.) Everywhere; very
abundant. ;
Saxicava rugosa, 1767, Linné (as Mytilus), Syst. Nat.
p- 1156: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 11.81, iii. 35 & v. 192, li. 3.

300.
301.

302.

303.

304.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 313

Hab. Nearly all seas. (M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere ;
very abundant.

Scalaria aspera, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 251.

Scalaria clathratula, 1798, G. Adams, Micr. xiv. 19: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 96; & v. 210, lxxi. 5.—McAndrew gives
this species from the Canaries, but not as, Dr. Jeffreys
(cf: ref.) says, from Madeira, nor does any other collector
seem to have found it. I got only ten young specimens
from deepish water at five stations along the South-east
coast from Funchal to Punta de Sao Lourengo and from
Porto Santo.

Scalaria cochlea, 1844, G. B. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. t. pt. 4,
p- 103 bis, xxxv. 142; Dunker, Moll. Guinea, p. 18, ii.
46-48. (M.,L., Jn., W.) Patildo Mar, Funchal; Punta de
Sao Lourenco; Porto Santo. Rare.

Scalaria communis, 1819, Lamarck, An. s. Vert. vr. 2nd pt.
p. 225; Deshayes, Encycl. Méthod. 11. 951, pl. ecccli. 3 ;
Gwyn Jeffreys, B.C. rv. 91,11.3; & v.lxxi.3. Hab. From
North Norway to the Mediterranean and the Canaries.
(N., W.) Two bought specimens; having these, and con-
sidering the distribution of the species, I give it here on
the authority of Senhor Nobre.

Scalaria commutata, 1877, Monterosato, Ann. Mus. Genov.
1x. 420; Kiener, Coq. Viv. 1x. pt. 2, pl. i. 9 (as S. mono-
cycla, but not that of Lamarck); Philippi, Enum. t. 167, x. 2,
mr. 145 (as S. pseudoscalaris, but not that of Brocchi);
Sowerby, Thes. 1. pt. 4, p. 101, xxxvi. 131, 182, 1384 (as
S. clathrus, but not of Linné). Hab. From Normandy to
Mediterranean. (L., N., Jn., W.) Porto da Cruz, Porto
Sauto. Neither common nor abundant.—The separation
of this species from S. pseudoscalaris, Broc., is hardly
justified by the absence of spines at the top of the
longitudinal ribs; there is an indication, though weak,
of such a development in the Madeiran form.

305. Scalaria Fischeri, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 252.

306.

Scalaria formosissima, 1884, Jeffreys, ‘Lightning’ and
‘Porcupine’ Moll., P.Z.S. p. 140, x. 10; Dautzenberg,
Moll. Agores Dragages ‘ Hirondelle,’ p. 56; Tryon, Man.
Conch. 1x. 62, xvii. 34. Hab. Porcupine Bank and Agores ;
North Atlantic, 340 to 1514 fms. (L.) Two specimens,
without record of locality.

LINN. JOURN.—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXVI. 23

314

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

307. Scalaria frondosa, 1829, J. Sow. Min. Conch. vr. 149,

dixxvii. 1; Searles Wood, Crag Moll. 1. 92, viii. 15;
Tiberi (as S. soluta), Jour. de Conch. 1863, p. 159, vi. 38, &
1868, p. 84, v. 2.—I got this species in from 10 to 50 fms.
on the whole S.E. coast of Madeira, from Funchal to
Punta de Sao Lourenco, and also from Porto Santo; but
the specimens were few and were all young shells. It did
not occur in any other collection.

Shell pure ivory-white, glossy, hunchy, that is very broad
in proportion to height, with well-rounded rather depressed
whorls, a broad very fine pointed spire, distant strongish
oblique ribs spiralled, without an umbilicus. Seulptwre—
Longitudinals: each whorl is obliquely crossed by about
14 strongish but not thick, projecting reverted ribs, which
with a very marked sinistral twist run continuously from
whorl to whorl down the spire; each rib runs out near the
suture into a well-marked but generally bluntish tooth ;
besides the ribs the whole surface is finely scored, not
roughened, by striz, strong at the base of each rib. Spirals:
the whole polished surface of the shell, including, but
more faintly, the ribs themselves, is marked somewhat
feebly by flatly rounded spiral threads, which, somewhat
crowded on the earlier whorls, are on the later whorls parted
by interspaces about as broad as the threads. Colour
ivory-white, but a little translucent. Whorls probably 6
or 63, but of full-grown shells only fragments presented
themselves—the largest as measured below has 43, exclu-
sive of those of the embryo. Suture somewhat oblique,
deeply impressed. Apex a very perfect small sharp cone
of 4 complete whorls which are barely convex, with a linear
suture: they are polished but microscopically cancellated
by longitudinal and spiral scratches. Mouth a very little
elliptical, rather small. Outer lip broadly expanded into a
thin lamina, which is continued all round, leaving a kind of
furrow, but no chink between it and the body-whorl.
PO VB. OU.

I have described this species because the existing de-
scriptions are so vague that identification is extremely
difficult, as is proved by the ten synonyms quoted by
Jeffreys, P. Z. 8S. 1884, p. 186. My own identification ig
somewhat of a guess, but if wrong can be checked from

308.

309.

310.
dil.

312.
313.

314.

315.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 315

the description and from the presence of the living form ;
and the presence of the species not only in the Mediter-
ranean but in 547 fms. out in the Atlantic “ off Madeira”
(see Jeffreys, as quoted above) may justify what is at least
better than the addition of still one other erroneous
synonym.
Scalaria (Cirsostrema) hellenica, 1843, Forbes, Aigean
Invert., Brit. Assoc. Rep. p. 189; Philippi (as Rissoa
coronata), Enum. Moll. Sic. 1. 172, xxiii. 7. Hab. Medi-
terranean. (Jn., W.) Funchal, Punta de Sio Lourenco,
Porto Santo. Rather rare—Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys quotes
Hornes as authority for this asa fossil of the Vienna basin ;
but I doubt the identification.
Scalaria pulchella, 1832, Bivona, Nuov. Moll. paeblieasis
Philippi, Enumeratio, 1. 158, x.1; &1.145. Hab. Medi-
terranean. (W.) Funchal, Santa Cruz, Canical. Rare, but
fragments and young shells common.
Scalaria rhips, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 250.
Scalaria Schulzii (1868, but then the name alone was given
by Weinkauff). 1844, Philippi (Zeits. Malakol. p. 108) gave
this species, in error, as S. multistriata, Say. This error of
identification on the part of Philippi, Weinkauff (after further
error in the Jour. de Conch. 1862, p. 348) corrected in his
Conch. d. Mittelm. 1868, vol. 11.239. Hab. Mediterranean.
(Jn., W.) Funchal, Punta de Sao Lourenco, Porto Santo.
Not rare.—I here give this species on the authority of
Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys. I feel doubtful of the identification,
but have not material for an independent opinion on the
Madeiran form.
Scalaria Smithii, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 253.
Scalaria (Acirsa) subdecussata, 1835, Cantraine, Bull. Acad.
Brux. vol. 1m. 388; do. Malac. Médit. pl. vi. 24. Had.
Mediterranean to Madeira. (M., L., Jn., W.) From
Magdalena to Punta de Sao Lourengo and Porto Santo.
Not abundant.
Scalaria Turtone, 1819, Turton (as Z. Purtonis), Conch. Dic.
p. 208, xxvii. 97: Gwyn Jeffreys, B.C. 1v. 8,9; & v. lxxi.
2. Hab. From Scotland to Mediterranean (not Norway).
(M., L., Jn., W.) From Funchal to Punta de Sao Lourengo
and Porto Santo, but not abundant.
Scaphander (Weinkauffia) diaphana, 1839, Aradag and
23*

316

316.
317.

318.

319.

320.

321.

322.

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

Maggiore (as Bulla), Cat. Conch. Sicil. p. 40; Forbes (as
Bulla turgidula), AAgean Invert., Brit. Assoc. Rept. 1843,
p- 188; Gwyn Jeffreys (as Scaphander gibbulus), Ann. &
Mag. Feb. 1856, Mar. Tert. Piedm. p. 188, pl. ii. 20, 21;
Vayssicre (as Weinkauffia diaphana), Jour. de Conch. 1893,
p-. 90, iv. 1-8. Hab. Mediterranean. (W.) From Funchal
to Punta de Sao Lourenco and Porto Santo. Rather rare.
Schismope depressa, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 263.
Sepia officinalis, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1095; Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. v. 188, vi. 8. Hab. From Norway to
Mediterranean. (Jn., W.) Rare.
Stphonaria (Liriola) Gussonii, 1829, O. G. Costa (as
Ancylus), Oss. Is. Pant. &e. p. 20. no. 25; Philippi (as
Patella pellucida), 1. p.111, vii. 7, & (as P. Gussoniz) p. 255 ;
& vol. 11. p. 84. Cf. Dall, Jour. de Conch. 1878, p. 68, &
1879, p. 285, with many other valuable references given by
the Marquis of Monterosato in his ‘ Nomenclatura,’ p. 150.
Hab. California, West Indies, and Mediterranean. (M., L.,
Jn., W.) Everywhere abundant.
Skenea planorbis, 1780, Fabricius (as Turbo), Faun. Grénl.
p: 384: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 65, 1.4; & v. 202, lxx. 1.
Hab. From Spitzbergen to Greenland and Florida and to
the Mediterranean. (Jn., W.) All along the §.E. shore and
Porto Santo. Very abundant.
Solariwm Archite, 1880, O. G. Costa, Cat. Test. Taranto,
Acad. Se. 111. 40, & Fauna Napoli, p. 5, i. 1; Monterosato,
Notiz. Solar. Medit. p. 10, figs. 21-23. Hab. From Bay
of Biscay to St. Helena and Mediterranean. (Jn., W.)
Funchal. Very rare.
Solarium fallaciosum, 1872, Tiberi, Bull. Mal. Ital. v. 85;
Monterosato, Solarii Medit. p. 8, figs. 12-20. (= Sol.
siculum, Cantr., probably, and to 8. stramineum, auct. nec
Lam.) Hab. Mediterranean. (Jn., W.) Very rare.—
McAndrew’s List gives this sp. (as S. straminewm) for Vigo,
but not for Madeira, nor for the Canaries ; and represented
so poorly as are both this species and the preceding one, they
must be held as a little doubtfully indigenous to Madeira.
Solarium hybridum, 1767, Linné (as Lrochus), Syst. Nat.
p- 1228; Lamarck, An. s. Vert. vir. 4; & 2nd ed. rx. 99;
Philippi, Enumeratio (as S. lutewm), 1. 74, x. 127 ; Montero-
sato, Solarti Medit. p. 7, figs. 10,11. Hab. Mediterranean

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 317

and St. Helena. (Jn.,W.) Funchal to Punta de Sao Lourenco
and Porto Santo.—Hanley (Ips. Lin. Conch. p. 315), whose
opinion I forsake with extreme reluctance, so uniformly is
he wise and right, regards Linné’s 8. hybridum as the “ New
Holland” species, which, though like, is quite distinct; but
when Linné says expressly for S. hybridum, “habitat in mare
Mediterraneo,” the other identification, even though it were
by Linné himself, must be dropped.

323. Solarium mediterraneum, 1872, Monterosato, Notiz. Foss.
Mte. Pellegrino &c. p. 31, but without description, which
followed in 1873, in Solar. Med. p. 6, figs. 8,9. Had.
Mediterranean. (L., Jn., W.) Magdalena from 100 fms.,
living; Funchal; Labra. Rare.—This isthe S. simplex of
Tiberi, but not of Brown, which is a Pliocene fossil not found
living in the Mediterranean. It is the 8. psewdoperspectivum
of Philippi but not of Brocchi, which also is a Pliocene
fossil not now alive in theMediterranean. It is the S. swl-
catum of Costa but not of Lamarck, which (¢este Defrance)
is a Grignon fossil=S. patulum, Lam. It is the S. pul-
chellum of Tiberi but not of Michelotti (see Trans. Royal
Soc. Edin. xv. pt. 1, p. 215), a Miocene fossil. When one so
endowed as Hornes (Foss. Moll. Wien, 1. 464), corroborated
by the opinion of one possessing the opportunities and
abilities of Monterosato, and followed by so capable a judge
as Sacco (Moll. terz. Piemonte &e. pt. 12, p. 48), pronounces
a definite judgment on this Solartwm as being distinct
from S. pseudoperspectivum of Brocchi, it would be an
impertinence for an ordinary observer to set up an opposite
opinion ; but the two species have very much in common.

324, Solecurtus antiquatus, 1799, Pulteney (as Solen), Cat. Dors.
p- 28, iv.5: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 111. 6, 1.1; & v. 190, xlvi.
2. Hab. From Great Britain to the Mediterranean and
Canaries. (M.,L.,Jn., W.) Everywhere; abundant. John-
son’s specimens got at Funchal came from 30 fms.

325. Solecurtus candidus, 1804, Renieri (as Solen), Tav. Alf.
Conch. Adr. p.1: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 11.3; & v. 190,
xlvi. 1. Had. From Shetland to the Mediterranean and
Canaries. (M., L., Jn., W.) Not abundant, but found
every where.

326. Solemya togata, 1793, Poli (as Tellina), Test. Sicil. 1. 42,
xv. 20; Philippi, Enumeratio, 1. 15, 1.17; & 1. 12 (as

318

827.

328.

329.

330.

3el.

332.

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

Solenomya mediterranea, Lam.). Hab. From the Lusitanian
coast to Mediterranean and Canaries. (W.) A fragment of
a full-grown living specimen and some very young shells ;
but there are in the British Museum Madeiran specimens
of McAndrew’s dredging not enumerated in his List.
Spirialis, see Limacina and Peraclis.
Spirula Peronii, 1822, Lamarck, An. s. Vert. vir.601; & 2nd
ed. by Deshayes, x1. 280; Woodward, Manual, pp.13 & 77,
pl.i.9. Hab. Oceanic. (L., W.) Canical, Porto Santo.—
Linné (Syst. Nat. p. 279) called the species Nautilus spirula.
By a mistake on their respective plates, but corrected in
the text by both authors, de Blainville (Manuel de Mal.
p. 881, pl. iv. 1 a, 6) and Deshayes (Encyclop. Méthod. 11.
975, pl. eecelxy. 5) introduced a good deal of confusion by
calling the species S. australis.
Spondylus Powellii, 1892, E. A. Smith, Journal of Conchol.
vol. vit. p. 70; McAndrew, Brit. Assoc. Rept. 1850 passim
as S. gedaropus. Hab. From Madeirato Cape Verd. (M.,
L., N., W.) Funchal, Punta de Sao Lourenco.—I assume
that McAndrew and Nobre refer to this species under the
name S. g@daropus, as certainly did both Mr. Lowe and
myself till Mr. Smith brought better counsel.

Tectura, see Acmea.

Tellina balaustina, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1119: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. 1. 371; & v. 186, xl. 3. Hab. From
Shetland to Canaries. (M., L., Jn., W.) From Magdalena
to Punta de Sio Lourengo. Very abundant.

Tellina balthica, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1120: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 375, vu. 3; & v. 186, xl. 5. Hab. From
Japan, Behring Sts., and N.W. America to Massachusetts ;
the Black Sea and Mogador. (W.) Porto Santo. Very
rare and really admissible only on the ground of its distri-
bution, my Madeiran acquaintance with it extending only
to one valve.

Tellina (Oudardia) compressa, 1814, Brocchi, Conch. Foss.
Subappen. I. 823, xii. 9; Hérnes, Foss. Moll. Wien, 1.
89, xiii. 6; Cantraine, Bull. Acad. Brux. 1835, 11. 398 (as
T. Brocchit). Hab. N.W. coast of Africa. (L., N., Jn., W.)
Everywhere ; very abundant.

Tellina donacina, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1118: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. 11.886; & v. 187, xli. 4. Hab. Shetland to

330.

334.

335.

336.

337.
338.

339.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 319

Mediterranean and Canaries. (M., L., N. Jn., W.) Very
abundant everywhere. Johnson, from 380 fms., I from
100 fms.

Tellina fabula, 1781, Gronoyius, Zoophyl. 11. 263, xviii. 9:
Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 11.382; & v. 186, xli. 2. Had. From
North Norway to Black Sea and Cape of Good Hope.
(Jn., W.) Porto Santo. Rare. At Mogador it is very
common.

Tellina inearnata, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p.1118; Hanley,
Ipsa Linn. Conch. p. 39: Gwyn Jeffreys (as T. squalida,
Pult.), B. C. 17. 384, xl. 8. Hab. From Scotland to Medi-
terranean and Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere ;
abundant.—This is the 7. zmcarnata of Linné, Poli, Forbes
& Hanley, and Romer, but not of Born nor Chemnitz nor
Schroter &e.
Tellina serrata, 1814, Brocchi, Conch. Foss. Subappen. p. 510, xii. 1;
Romer, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. x. pt. 4, p. 39, xii. 1-4, A species published
by Senr. Nobre as Madeiran, but got there by no one else, would be
entitled on the score of its distribution (from Portugal to Mediterranean,
Canaries, and Mogador) to a place here had Senr. Nobre either got it
himself or supplied information regarding it ; but an exceptional species
merely forwarded by a friend as “dredged at Funchal” really lacks
certification.—I have just learned at the last moment from Canon
Norman that he dredged this species in Madeira this spring.

Tellina tenuis, 1778, da Costa, Brit. Conch. p. 210: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 379; & v. 186, xli. 1. Hab. From North
Norway to Mediterranean, the Black Sea, and Mogador.
(Jn., W.) Machico and Porto Santo. Not rare, but very
local.

Teredo bipennata, 1819, Turton, Conch. Dic. p. 184, figs. 38-
40; Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll. 1. 80, i. 9-11: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B.C. 11.182; & v.194. Hab. From the Feroes to
Mediterranean, also Vancouver Island and California.
(L.,Jn., W.) From Punta Delgada to Punta de Sao Lourengo
and met with in floating timber.

Teredo Dallii, 1897, Watson, antea, p. 266.

Teredo malleolus, 1819, Turton, Couch. Dic. p. 255; also
Dithyr. Brit. pl. 1.19; Forbes & Hanley, Brit. Moll.1. 84,
i. 12-14: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. m1. 181; & v.194. Had.
From W. Indies to Western Europe. (W.) Funchal,
Porto Santo.

Teredo megotara, 1853, Hanley, in Forb. & Hanl. Brit. Moll.
1. 77, i. 6, xvii. 1,2: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. ur. 176; & Vv.

320

340,

34]

342.

343.

344.

345.

REV. R. Be. WATSON ON THE

194, liv. 4. Hab. North Atlantic on both sides from Spitz-
bergen and Greenland southward. (U., Jn., W.) From the
Gorgulho and the Desertas (Bugio) to Punta de Sao
Lourengo and Porto Santo.
Teredo Stutchburii, 1828, de Blainville, Dic. Scien. Nat. 111.
268; G. B. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. v. 124, sp. 18, pl. cece] xix.
8; Fischer, Jour. de Conch. 1856, p. 255. Hab. Sumatra
(f. Fischer, but it does not appear in v. Martens’s &e. List).
(W.) From Funchal to Punta de Sao Lourenco. Not
common.
Thracia papyracea, 1791, Poli (as Tellina), Test. Sic. 1. 48,
xv. 14 & 18: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 111. 36, ii. 2; & v. 191,
xlvii. 4, 4°. Hab. From Iceland to Mediterranean and
Canaries. (M., L., Jn., W.) From Magdalena (100 fms.)
to Punta de Sao Lourengo and Porto Santo. Not abundant.
Thracia pubescens, 1799, Pulteney (as Mya), Cat. Dors.
p. 27, iv. 6: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 111.38; & v. 191, xlviii. 5.
Hab. From English Channel to Mediterranean. (L., Jn.,
W.) From Funchalto Puntade Sao Lourengo. Not abundant.
Tornatina, see Utriculus.
Triforis perversa, 1767, Linné (as Trochus), Syst. Nat.
p- 1231; Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. (as Cerithium), iv. 261;
& v. 217, lxxx. 5. Hab. From Norway to Mediterranean,
the Canaries, Mogador, St. Helena, and California (teste
E.A.Smith). (M., L., Jn., W.) Everywhere; enormously
abundant.
Triptera, see Cuvieria.
Triton chlorostoma, 1822, Lamarck, An.s. Vert. vir. 185; &
ed. 2, Desh. 1x. 636; Quoy & Gaim. Astrol. 11. 541, xl. 16,
17; Kiener, Iconog. vol. vir. p. 19, xii. 2; Reeve, Icon.
vol. 11. vill. 25; Kobelt, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 111. pt. 2,
p- 161, xlii. 1, 2, 5,6; Tryon, Manual, m1. 13, vii. 47, 48.
Hab. Red Sea(?); Isle de Bourbon (teste Deshayes and
also Quoy & Gaimard); New Caledonia (?) ; Philippines (?) ;
ventral Pacific (?); Sandwich Islands (?); West Indies,
Bermuda (feste Tristram). [Wote.—Of these localities, two
at least besides Madeira are trustworthy and establish a
very remarkable habitat.] (L., Jn., W.) Paiil do Mar,
Magdalena (100fms.), Punta deSao Lourengo. Not common.
Triton corrugatus, 1822, Lamarck, An. s. Vert. vir. 181
& 2nd ed. Desh. 1x. 628; Deshayes, Encycl. Méthod. m1.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 3821

1056, ceecxvi. 83 a, b; Kiener, Iconog. vol. vit. p. 14, viii.
1; Reeve, Iconog. 1. pl. v.15. Hab. From the Bay of
Biseay to Mediterranean and Grand Canary. (L., IN|, Jn,
W.) From Funchal to Punta de Sao Lourengo and Porto
Santo. Not rare.

846. Triton cutaceus, 1767, Linné (as Wwrex), Syst. Nat. p. 1217:
Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 303, v. 4; & v. 218, Ixxxii. 4. Hab.
From. English Channel to Mediterranean, Mogador, and
Canaries. (W.) Funchal, Porto Santo. Rare.

347. Triton nodifer, 1822, Lamarck, An. s. Vert. vir. 178; & 2nd
ed. Desh. 1x. 624: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 301; & v. 218,
Ixxxiii. 3. Hab. From English Channel to Mediterranean.
(L., N., W.) Funchal and eastwards. Not uncommon.

348. Triton olearium, 1767, Linné (as Mures), Syst. Nat. ed. 12
(not ed. 10), p.1216; Adanson(Le “ Vojet”), Sénégal, p. 118,
vill. 12; Chemnitz, Conch.-Cab. (as Buccinum quinquan-
gulare), tv. 96, 97, exxxi. 1052, 1053, 1054, 1056, and also
XI. 115, exci. 1837-8; Deshayes (as 7. succinctus), Encyel.
Méthod. rr. 1057, cecexvi. 2; also in Lamarck, An. s. Vert.
2nd ed. 1x. 628 ; Kiener, Iconog. (as T swccinctus), vol. VII.
33, vi. 1; Reeve (7. olearium), Conch. Icon. 11. Monog.
pl. ix. 32. Hab. South America, Cuba, Mediterranean,
Cape of Good Hope, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and
the Pacific ; but v. Martens does not give it in the Indian
Ocean. (M., L., N., Jn., W.) Funchal to Punta de Sao Lou-
rengo. One specimen from Porto Santo presents the exact
features of T. martinianum, d'Orb., from the West Indies.
Not uncommon. [Note.—The 7. olearium (Murex) of
Linné’s 10th ed.=Ranella gigantea, Lam., is Murex reticu-
laris, Born. |

349. Triton reticulatus, 1826, de Blainville, Faun. fran¢. p. 118,
iv. D. 5; Kiener, Iconog. virt. 26, xviii. 3; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. 11. xvii. 72; Kobelt, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 111. pt. 2,
p. 237, lxv. 6, 7: Philippi, Enumeratio (as Ranella lanceo-
lata), 1. 211; & 1.183, xi. 28. Hab. Mediterranean sud
Senegal. (L.) One specimen dredged in Labra. Very
doubtful.

350. Triton tritonis, 1767, Linné (as Murex), Syst. Nat. p. 1222;
Born (as Murex), Iudex Mus. p. 315; Chemnitz (as Bue-
cinum), Conch.-Cab. rv. 112, exxxiv. 1277, exxxv. 1282-3,
Wood (as Murex), Ind. Test. pl. xxvii. 95; Fab. Columna

3822 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

(as B. variegatum), Aquat. Obs. p. 538, f. 4; Lamarck (as
T. variegatum), An. s. Vert. vit. 178; & 2nd ed. Desh. rx.
623; Deshayes (as 7. variegatum), Encycl. Méthod. m1.
1054, plates vol. 111. eceexxi. 2 a, b (the nomenclature of
the plates being by Bory de St. Vincent, Aug. 1, 1824, the
text by Deshayes in 1832); Philippi (as Z. tritonis),
Enumeratio, 1. 212, & 11.183 ; Kiener, Iconog. (do.) vol. vir.
28, il.; Reeve, Conch. Icon. (do.) vol.11.1.3 & ii. 8. (L.,
N., W.) Funchal, Piedade. Not very uncommon.

351. Trochus (Clanculus) Bertheloti, 1839, d’Orbigny (as Mono-
donta), Moll. Canaries, p. 81, vi. 17-20; Philippi, Conch.-
Cab. 2nd ed. vol. 11. pt. 3, p. 271, xxxix. 17; Fischer in
Kiener, Iconog. vol. xt. p. 295, xev. 1. Hab. Madeira.
(M., L., N., Jn., W.) From the Gorgulho to Punta de Sao
Lourenco and Porto Santo. Not abundant.—For the
original definition of Clanculus by de Montfort see Conch.
Syst. 1.191. Adams’s definition I am unable to understand.
The umbilicus in the 7’. Bertheloti is a true, not a “ false ”
one, and though turreted like a corkscrew is perforated
to the very apex. The one most prominent feature by
which de Montfort differentiates the group is the umbilicus,
and to alter his definition to “ perforée ou non ombiliquée ”’
is impossible.

352. Trochus (Gibbula) Candei, 1839, d’Orbigny, Moll. Canar.
p- 82, vi. 21-23 ; Philippi, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. vol. 11. pt. 8,
p. 227, xxxiv. 15, Hab. Canaries. -Gi, Njaing We
Everywhere ; extremely common both in its typical form and
in that of the umbilicated var. of 7. Saulcyi, of which
d’Orbigny made a separate species.

353. Trochus (Trochocochlea) colubrinus, 1849, Gould, Bost. Soe.
Nat. Hist. mi. 107; Exploring Exped., Shells, p. 183,
fig. 223; Watson, ‘Challenger’ Report, p. 63. Hab.
Canaries and Madeira. (L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere;
excessively common.—The name 7’. Sauctatus, Koch, as of
earlier date, has been suggested for this species, but for
Gould’s species there is certainty, while for Koch’s the
habitat is unknown and the description—* centrum” of
the base “ vertieft und schwarz-rothgefleckt »—is quite
inapplicable. Does any one know what Koch’s species
was? My lamented friend Dr. Fischer, whose knowledge
and judgment were equally trustworthy, regarded (see

354,

355.

356.

357.

358.

359.

360.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 328

Kiener, Iconog. p. 180) it as a variety of the variable
and widespread 7. sagittiferus, Lam. That is where I
would place 7. colubrinus ; but abandoning Gould’s species,
of which we are certain, we drift into the mare magnum of
mere opinion, and dealing here with the local fauna alone,
I feel it best to rest on Gould’s nomenclature.

Trochus (Ziziphinus) conulus, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat.
p. 1280; Philippi, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. 11. pt. 3, p. 64, xiii.
Seo Hischerin) Kiener’s' Teonos? vol, xtpe) Lai xl 1,
xlix. 1. Hab. From the Acores to Mediterranean and
Canaries. (M.,L., N., Jn., W.) Pretty common.

Trochus (Ziziphinus) exasperatus, 1777, Pennant, Brit. Zool.
Iv. 126: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 111. 324; & v. 208, lxii. 3.
Hab. From Scotland to Black Sea and Canaries. (M., L.,
N. Jn., W.) Everywhere; very abundant.

Trochus (Ziziphinus) granulatus, 1778, Born, Index Mus.
p- 337, xii. 9,10: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 111. 327; & v. 204,
lxiti. 5. Hab. From the extreme 8.W. of Scotland to
Mediterranean and Canaries. (M., L., Jn., W.) From
Funchal to Labra. Not uncommon.

Trochus (Gibbula) magus, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1228:
Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. m1. 305; & v. 208, lx. 1. Hab. From
S.W. Sweden to Mediterranean and Canaries. (M.,L.,N.,
Jn., W.) From Funchal to Punta de Sao Lourenco. Abundant.
Trochus (Ziziphinus) striatus, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat.
p- 1230; Hanley, Ipsa Lin. Conch. p. 321, pl. v.7: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 322; & v. 203, Ixiii. 2. Hab. From
Scotland to Mediterranean and Canaries. (M., L., N.,
Jn., W.) Everywhere ; very abundant.

Lrochus (Ziziphinus) zizyphinus, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat.
p- 1231: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 111. 380, vu. 4; & v. 204,
Ixili. 6. Hab. From South Norway to Mediterranean and
Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere; pretty
abundant.

Trophon fusulus, 1814, Brocchi (as Murew), Conch. Foss.
Subap. 1st ed. p. 209, & 2nd ed. 11. 199, viii. 9 ; Libassi (as
Murex Spade), 1859, Conch. Foss. Palermo, p. 43, i. 29;
Bellardi (as Pollia), Moll. terz. Pied. 1. 169, xii. 4; Watson
(as Murex), ‘Challenger’ Rep. p. 160; Kobelt (as Z’rophon),
Jahrb. 1887, p. 120, v. 1. In existence from the Upper
Miocene onwards. Hab. From the Bay of Biscay and

324

361.
362.

363.

364,

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

Acores to Mediterranean. (L., Ju., W.) Labra &c. Not
rare.—The dentition of this molluse excludes it, as Kobelt
(2. c.) shows, from the genus Pollia as well as from Murex.
With Vrophon it is further connected by its longish, nar-
rowish, bluntly-pointed, oval operculum, which, when seen in
its place within the upturned mouth of the sbell, has its apex
in front towards the point of the mouth, a little incurved
towards the pillar-lip, along which the later edge-layers of
growth successively lie. In this connection it should be ob-

‘served that in Adams’s ‘Genera’ the opercula, when diversely

ended, are turned upside down, and the consequent reversal
of right and left side is sometimes corrected by the figure
presenting the internal, not the external surface. This
mistake is avoided in Woodward’s most accurate ‘ Manual,’
but it is widespread and sometimes very perplexing, even
Philippi has not escaped it. Dr. Brot is nearly always
right, as are also Dr. Kobelt and Dr. Fischer, though in the
‘Manual’ of the latter the different position of shells and
opercula adopted in the “gravures” and in the “planches”
is somewhat confusing.
Trophon Lowet, 1897, Watson, supra, p. 244.
Truncatella subcylindrica, 1767, Linné (as Helix), Syst.
Nat. p. 1248. no. 696 (see Hanley, Ips. Lin. Conch.
p- 579); Draparnaud (as Cyclostoma truncatulum), Moll.
p- 40, i. 28-81; Risso (as 7. truncatula), Hist. rv. 125,
fig. 5; Lowe (as 7. truncatula), Zoo). Journ. v. 280, xiii.
18-18; Philippi (as Z7ssoa), Enumeratio, 1. 151. 1, & (as
Truncatella) vol. 11. 133, xxiv. 3; Deshayes (as T'runcatella
truncatula) in Lamarck, An. s. Vert. 2nd ed. vit1. 362
(note) ; Pfeiffer, Monog. Auric. pp. 186 & 188: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 85, ii. 2; & v. 209, lxxi.1. Hab. From
Scotland to Mediterranean and Canaries. (L., Jn., W.)
Wherever the shore is shingly, even at the Selvagens.
Truncatella Lowet, 1852, Shuttleworth, Diag. New Moll.
p. 12; Pfeiffer, Monog. Pneumonopomorum, Suppl. 1,
p..7, do. 2, p. 5, do. 3;.p 21, no. 14. Heb. Menentar
(W.) Madeira.
Turbo and Turbonilla, see Odostomia.
Turbo (Bolina) rugosus, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1234;
Fischer in Kiener, Iconog. vol. x1. p. 41, xv. 1. Hab.
From Bay of Biscay to Mediterranean, Mogador, and

365.

366.

367.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 325

Canaries. (M.,L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere very abundant.
The subgeneric name is given above as Rafinesque (Ann.
Nat. p. 144) wrote it in 1815. Risso, following, also wrote
it thus in 1826. The form Bolma was a mistake of Gray.
Turritella terebra, 1767, Linné (as Turbo), Syst. Nat. p.1239:
Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 1v. 80, ii. 1; & v. 209, lxx. 6-11. Hab.
From the Lofotens to the Mediterranean. (W.) Funchal;
two specimens.—I give this species with a good deal of
hesitation, but I cannot admit either 7. triplicata, Broce., or
T. bicingulata, Lam., both of which have been brought to me
as Madeiran: the former is very common at the Canaries.
Tylodina citrina, 1833-4, Joannis in Guérin’s Mag. de
Zool. 1. pl. xxxvi. 1; Vayssiére, Moll. Opisth. Marseille,
Ann. Musée, 1885, p.151, v. 180-136. Hab. Mediterranean
to St. Helena. (Jn., W.) Gorgulho, Funchal, Punta de Sao
Lourengo. A good many young shells. One full-grown
specimen I secured in a rock-pool near the Gorgulho fort,
west of Funchal, after watching it for a considerable time.
As Philippi remarked, its rapid movements are extremely
unlike those of Patella. The broad membranaceous edge
of the shell flaps about in the moving water like a light cloak
in a breeze. The bright yellow colour of the animal and
of the integument of the shell (which suggested its very
graphic name) turns to deep brown in drying or even when
preserved in spirit. Rubbed specimens are white with a
yellow tint. Adams’s (Genera, 1. 42, lxi. 4) description
and figure are both inadequate and incorrect. Vayssiére’s
description in all its details, as well as his figure of the
animal and of the egg-ribbon, are admirable ; although the
last when I examined it, freshly deposited, seemed flatter
than is suggested by his term “ demi-cylindrique.”’
Tylodina Rafinesquit, 1836, Philippi, Enumeratio, 1. 114, vii.
8,& 11.89; Cantraine, Mal. Méd. p.94. Hab. Mediterranean.
(W.) One specimen. —The form of the shell in this spe¢ies
is so distinct from that in Z. cztrina,that I find it impossible
to accept Vayssicre’s suggestion and unite the two. I do
not gather from his remarks that he has ever seen Philippi’s
species, whose figure, however, markedly shows the dif-
ference.

Tornatina, see Utriculus,
Among the shells of Mr, Johnson’s collection there occurred a specimen

326

368.

369.

370.

371.

372.

373.

374,

REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

of Ungulina oblonga, Lam. An. s. Vert. vy. 487, & 2nd ed. vr. 122, also
Sowerby’s Genera, pl. xlv. ; “ from Porto Santo,” but as he had marked
the specimen “ very doubtful,” I have not put it in the List.

Uiriculus mammillatus, Phil. (as Bulla).—I exclude this species,
McAndrew does not give it from Madeira, and in his own copy of his
Brit. Assoc. List for the Canaries he corrects and initials the correction
from Cylichna mammillata to C. truncata (which = U. truncatulus),
Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys has indeed published it (B. C. v. 223) as Madeiran
on the strength of shells I sent him, but the identification of these as
U. mammillatus was not mine.

Utriculus nitidulus, 1846, Lovén (as Cylichna), Index Moll.
Scand. p. 16: Gwyn Jeffreys (as Cylichna), B. C. rv. 412;
& V. 222, xciii. 2; G.O. Sars, Moll. Norv. p. 286, xvii.19 &
xxvil. 38. Hab. From north of Norway to Mediterranean.
(W.) Three specimens.

Utriculus tornatus, 1883, Watson, Moll. ‘ Challenger,’ Linn.
Journ., Zool. vol. xvi1. 335 ; ‘ Challenger’ Mollusca Report,
xv. 651, xlviii. 10. Hab. Tenerife and Madeira. (W.)
Everywhere in great numbers.

Utriculus truncatulus, 1792, Bruguiére (as Bulla), Encycl.
Méthodique, 1. 377. no. 10: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. rv. 421;
& V. 223, xciv. 2: G. O. Sars, Moll. Norv. p. 285, xvii. 18,
xxvi. 2. Hab. From North Norway to Mediterranean and
Canaries. (Jn., W.) Funchal, Porto da Cruz, Porto Santo.
Rather abundant; the var. pellucida, Brown, Ill. p. 4, xix.
45, 46, mixed up with the type form.

Umbrella mediterranea, 1819, Lamarck, An. s. Vert. vt.
lst part, p. 343, 2nd ed. Desh. vir. 574 ; Delle Chiaje,
Mem. tv. 200. no. a. lxix. 5 & 19; Delessert, pl. xxiii. 12:
Philippi, Enumeratio, 1. 118, vii. 11; & 11. 88: Vayssiére,
Moll. Opisthobr. p. 183-4 &c. pl. vi. 187-150. Hab.
Mediterranean, Canaries, and St. Helena (?). (L., W.)
Gorgulho, Funchal, Punta de Sao Lourengo, 30 to 40 fms.,
and Canical shore. Rare.

Venerupis irus, 1767, Linné (as Donax), Syst. Nat. p. 1128:
Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 111. 86, ui. 4; & v. li. 5. Hab. From
South England to Mediterranean, Mogador, and Canaries.
(M., L. N., Jn., W.) Everywhere; abundant.

Venus casina, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1130: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 337; & v. 184, xxxvill. 5. Hab. From

Norway to Mediterranean and Canaries. (M., L., N., Jn.,

W.) Everywhere; very abundant.

Venus (Cytherea) chione, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1131:

375.

376.

377.

378.

379.

380.

3s.

382.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 327

Gwyn Jeffreys, B. OC. 1. 332; & v. 184, xxxvili. 3. Hab.
From South England and Ireland to Mediterranean.
(M., L., N., Jn., W.) Everywhere; very abundant.

Venus effossa, 1836, Bivona in Philippi’s Enumeratio, 1. 43,
iii. 20; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab. 2nd ed. x1. 197, xxxii. 1-4;
Weinkauff, Conch. Mittelm. 1.115. Hab. Mediterranean
and St. Helena. (L., Jn., W.) Magdalena, Punta de Sio
Lourengo, Porto Santo. Not rare, but very local.

Venus fasciata, 1778, da Costa (as Pectunculus), Brit. Conch.
p- 188, xiii. 3: Gwyn Jeffreys, B. C. 11.334, v1.5; & v. 184,
xxxvill. 4. Hab. From the North Cape, Norway, to the
Aigean, and existing since the later Tertiary period. (N.)
For its right of citizenship in Madeira, see Watson, Journ.
of Conch. 1890, pp. 3874 & 376.

Venus (Cythreea) rudis, 1791, Poli, Test. Sicil. m1. 94. 15,
16; Philippi (as Cytherea venetiana), Enum. 1. 40, iv. 8;
& 1.32. Hab. From Bay of Biscay and Mediterranean to
Black Sea, Canaries, and St. Helena. (L., Jn., W.) Every-
where; very abundant.

Venus verrucosa, 1767, Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 1130: Gwyn
Jeffreys, B. C. 11. 3389; & v. 186, xxxvili. 6. Hab. From
Scotland to the Mediterranean, the Cape of Good Hope,
and the Indian Ocean. Extant since the later Tertiary
period. (M., L., Jn., W.) Gorgulho to Punta de Sao Lou-
renco, and Porto Santo. Abundant.

Vermetus gigas, 1832, Bivona, Effem. Scient. & Lett. p. 5,
ti. 1, 2; Philippi, Enumeratio, 1. 170, ix. 18 a & 6; Mon-
terosato, Monog. Vermet. Medit. p. 30, iii. 1-8. Hab.
Mediterranean. (L., Jn., W.) Madeira.

Vermetus rugulosus, 1878, Monterosato, Enumeraz. &
Synon. p. 29; id. Monogr. Vermet. Medit. p. 22, pl. i. 8.
Hab. Mediterranean. (Jn., W.) Madeira.

Vermetus triqueter, 1832, Bivona, Effem. Scient. & Lett.
p- 6; Philippi, Enumeratio, 1. 170, ix. 21; Monterosato,
Vermet. Medit. p. 26, 11.4-9. Hab. Mediterranean. (L.,
Jn., W.) Madeira.

Weinkauffia, see Scaphander,

Xylophaga dorsalis, 1819, Turton (as Pholas, but in 1822
amended to Xylophaga), Conch. Dic. p. 185: Gwyn Jeffreys,
Brit. Conch. 111. 120, iv. 3; & v. 198, lili. 4. Hab. From
North Norway to Mediterranean. (W.) Funchal, Cruz
Point, Punta de Sao Lourenco. Abundant.

828 REV. R. B. WATSON ON THE

The following species, of which I dredged shells in Madeira,
have no claim to be included in the above lst :—

Off Funchal, even to 50 fms,
Madeiran Land-shells.

Achatina acicula,
Helix pulchella.
Limnia truncatula.
Planorbis glaber.
Pupa anconostoma.

Foreign Land-shells
not found in Madeira.

Assiminea Grayana.

Bythinia tentaculata.

Limnea peregra.

Neritina fluviatilis A species also
obtained by Johnson.

Pisidium sp.

Planorbis carinatus.

—— intermedius=submarginatus.

sp.

Valvata piscinalis.

Off Santa Cruz, 15 to 20 fms.

Achatina acicula.

Ancylus fluviatilis. f
Craspedopoma Lyonnettianum.
Helix cellaria.

cristallina.

Helix madeirensis.
pulchella.
pusilla.
vulgata.
Hydrobia similis.
Limneza truncatula,
Pupa anconostoma.

Off Machico, 15 to 20 fms.

Ancylus fluviatilis.
Helix vulgata.
Hydrobia similis.
Limnea truncatula,
Pupa anconostoma.

Off Canigal, 20 fms.

Achatina acicula.
Bulimus ventricosus,
Helix compacta.
paupercula,
pisana.

Pupa sp.

Off Punta de Sio Lourengo.

Clausilia exigua.
Helix compacta.
paupercula,

Marine species dredged by me or brought to me as Madeiran,

but which I reject :—

Actseon tornatilis.
Arca incongrua.
lactea.
Bouchardia rosea.
Bulla striata.
Cardium edule,
magnum.
— — medium.
Cerithium vulgatum.
Conus mediterraneus.
Corbula gibba.
Crania anomala.
Crenella discors.
Crepidula gibbosa.
Cypriea lynx.
Eulima Staloi.—See Jeffreys, P. Z. 8.
1884, p. 368.
Hydrobia ulve.

Litorina litorea.
obtusata.
Lucina Adansonii.
Modiolaria discors,
Murex brandaris.
Nucula nucleus.
Purpura lapillus.
Rissoa Montagui.
Terebra favat.
Trochus Elton.
umbilicatus.
Turritella bicingulata.
triplicata.
Venus cancellata.
exspinata.
gallina.
striatula.

Such a list as is here presented suggests the caution which
should be exercised in working out the Molluscan fauna of this

island.

MARINE MOLLUSCA OF MADEIRA. 329

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

|The numbers beneath the figures correspond to those of the order of
description in the text and of enumeration in the list on p. 233.]

Prats 19.

Fig. 1. Cylichna spreta.
2. Amphisphyra flava.
3. Philine complanata.
4. Philine trachyostraca.
4a, The same. Small portion of shell, highly mag-
nified, showing sculpture.
5. Philine desmotis.
5a, The same. Small portion of shell, highly mag-
nified, showing sculpture.
7, 7a, 7b. Doridium maderense.
8. Pleurobranchus Dautzenbergr.
9. Pleurobranchus Lowei.
10. Nassa antiquata.
11. Murex (Ocinebra) medicago.
12. Trophon Lowet.
13. Bittium depauperatum.
14, 14a. Bittium incile.
15, Cecum atlantidis.
16. Natica (Nacea) furva.
17. Scalaria rhips.
18. Scalaria aspera.
19. Scalaria Fischeri.
20. Scalaria Smithiz.

Puate 20.

1. Aclis vitrea.

2. Aclis trilineata,

Aclis tricarinata,

Hulima fulva.

Eulima sordida,

. Hulima badia.

7. Hulima rhaphium.

28. Hulima trunca,

29. Eulima inconspicua.

30. Odostomia omphaloessa.

31. Odostomia (Turbonilla) undata.
32\a, 32b, 32, Schismope depressa.
33. Montacuta triangularis.

34. Coralliophaga Johnsoni.

35. Teredo Dallii.

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