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AH

ORATION'

DELIVERED

March %tK l^^^-

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-W^%':\-: *>:' i^^o^fki-vT^tJ^^'

AN

ORATION

March 5th, 1772,

A T T H E

Request of the INHABITANTS

O F T H E

•n"^*? .1-

TOWN OF BOSTON;

't o

Commemorate the bloody TRAGEDY

O F T H E

FIFTH OF March, 1770.

B Y

Dr. JOSEPH WARREN.

Qais talia fando, Myrmidontim, Ddopumve, aUt duri miles Ulyflei, Tetnperet a lacrymis.

Viaci

i?M O.'.S. TON

Printed by EDES and GILL, by Order of the Town of BOSTON.

1772.

aa.*BWMHWwwa.»T^,i.>.. >, .■^a,>^iHa.t^-y^ff-..vfe^^gB««^

j4t a Meeting of the Freeholders and other Inhabitants of the Town of Boston, duly qualified and legally ajfembled in Faneuil- Hall, and from thence adjourn d to the Old South Meeting-Houie». on Thurfday the sib Day of March, Anno Domini, 1772.

Voted Unammoufly,

'T^HAT the Moderator Richard Dana, Efcf; the Honorable John Hancock, E% Mr. Samuel ^dams, jfofeph Jackfon, E/q; Mr. Henderfon Inches, Mr. David Jeffries, and Mr. William Molineux, be and hereby are appointed a Committee to return the Thanks of this Town to fofeph Warren, Efq; for the Oration juft now delivered by him at their Requcft, in Commemoration of the horrid Maflacre perpetrated on theEvening of the 5th of March, 1770, by aParty of Soldiers of the XXIXth Regiment ; and to defire a Copy thereof for the Prefs. u^ttefi,

Willianx Ceoper, Town-ClerL

Gentlemen,

'T^HE generous Candor of my Fellow-Citizens prevails on me

to give a Copy of what was Yefterday delivered, for the

Prefs.

I am,. Gentlemen, with much Rcfpeft,

Your moft humble Servant,

Jos IP n Warren^ March ^, 1772,

— ■

A 1«

ORATION.

WHEN we turn over the hiftoric page, and trace the rife and fall of ftates and empires ; the mighty revolu* tions which have fo often varied the face of the world fVrikc our minds with folcmn furprize, and we are naturally led to endeavor to fearch out the caufes of fucK aftonilhing changes.

That Mao is formed for foetal life, h an obfervation which upon our firft enquiry prefents itfelf immediately to our view, and our reafbn approves that wife and generous principle which actuated the firft founders of civil government ; an inftitution which hath irs origin in the weaknefs of individuals, and hath for its end, the Jlrength and fecurity of all : And fo long as the means of effefting this important end, are thoroughly known and religioufly attended to, Government is one of the richeft Blefllngs to mankind,^. and ought to be held in the hlgh^ ve&eratioa^

In.

6 An Oration.

In young and new-formed communities, the grapd <Jefign,of this* inftltution is moft generally underftood, and moft flriftly regarded ; the motives which urged to the focial compact cannot be at once forgotten, and that equality which is remembered to have fubfifted fo lately among them, prevents thofe who are cloathed with authority from attempting to invade the freedom of their Brethren ; or if fuch an attempt is made, it prevents the community from fufFering the offender to go unpuniflied : Every member feels it to be his intereft, and knows it to be his duty, to preferve inviolate the con- fVitution on which the public fafety depends*, and is equally ready to affift: the Magijlrate in the execution of the laws, and the fuhje6l in defence of his right ; and fo long as this noble attachment to a conftitution, founded on free and benevolent principles exifts in full vigor in any (late, /^^rftate mufl be flourirtiing and happy.

It was this noble attachment to ^ free conftitution, which raifed ancient Rome from the fmalleft beginnings to that bright fummit of happinefs and glory to which (he arrived ; and it was the lofs o^ this which plunged her from that fummit into the black gulph of in- ianiy and (lavery. It was //5?n attachment which infpired her fena- t©rs with wifdom ; it was this which glowed in the breafts of her heroes ; it y.'Zs this which guarded her liber-ties, and extended -.hef. dominions, gave peace at home and commanded refpefl abroad : And when //:)«y decayed, her magiftrates loft their reverence for jufUce and the laws, and degenerat-ed into tyrants and opprelTors — her fe- :/':"'. •■•■ J '■■•'• '■■ ■'■ ' nators^

• Omnes orduies ad cou-fetvarndag^ Kinp^vibliciini,: mente, voluntate. Audio, virtute,'

, ' voce, confentiunt, > Cicero.

j^ ^ Oration. ' 7

natbfs forgetful of their dignity, and feduced by bafe corruption, betrayid their country — -her foldiers regardlefs of their relation tb the eommunity, and urged only by the hopes of plunder and rapine, uiifeelingly c^himitted the moft flagrant enormities ; and hired to the trade of death, with relentlefs fury they perpetrated the moft cruel murders, whereby the ftreets of imperial Rome were drenched with her nobkjl blood— Thus this emprefs of the world loft her dominions abroad, and her inhabitants diSblute in their manners, at length became contented T^^'^j ; and fke ftands to this day, the fcorn and derifion of nations, and a monument of this eternal truth, that

PUBLIC HAPPINESS DfiPENDS ON A VIRTUOUS AND UNSHAKEN VTTACHMENt To A FREE CONSTITUTION.

It was this attachment to a conftitution, founded on free and benevolent principles, which infpircd the firft fettlers of this country: — They faw wrth grief the daring outrages committed on the free conftitution of their native land — they knew that nothing but a crvU war could at that time reftore it's priftine purity. So hard was it to fcfolve to embrue their hands in the blood of their bre- thren, that they chofe rather to quit their fair poffeflions and feck

another habitation in a diftant clime When they came to this

new world, which they fairly purchafed of the Indian natives, the only rightful proprietors, they cultivated the then barren foil by heir inceflant labor, and defended their dear-bought pofteffions with: the fortitude of the chriftian, and the bravery of the hero.

I

AeTER; '

8 j4n Oration.

After various ftruggles, which during the tyfanDic reigns of the houfe of STUART, were conflantly kept up between right and wrong, between liberty and flavcry, the conneftioa between Great-Britain and this Colony was iettled in the reign of King William and Queen Mary by a compaft, the conditions of which were cxpreffed in a Charter • by which all the liberties and immunities of BRITISH SUBJECTS were confirmed to this Pro- vince, as fully and as abfolutely as they poflibly could be by any human indrument which can be devifcd. And it is undeniably true, that the ^reateft and rooft important right of a Britifh fiibjeft is, that he Jljall be governed by no laivs but thofe to -which be either in perfon or bj his reprefentative hath given his confent : And this I will venture to aflcrt, is the grand bafis of Britifli freedom ; it is interwoven with the conftitution ; and whenever this is loft, the con- ilLtution muft be deftroyed.

Tii E Britl/Ij conftitution (of which ours is a copy} is a happy compound of the three forms (under fome of which all govern- ments may be ranged) viz. Monarchy, Atiftocracy, and Democracy : <:>t thefe three the Bntijl) hegijlature is compofed, and without the confent of each branch, nothing can carry with it the force of a law : in moft cafes, either the ariftocratic or the democratic branch may ■propofe a law, and fubmit it to the deliberation of the other two ; Kut^ when a law js to be pafied for raifing a tax, that law can origi- nate only in the democratic branch, which is the Houfe of Gomtaons

in 'Biitain, and the Houfe of Reprefentativca here The reason is .

ibvious : They, and their conftitwents are to pay much the largcft

pare

An Oration. 9

part of it, but as the arlftrocratic branch, which in Britain, is the Houfe of Lords, and in this province, the Council, are alfo to pay fome part, their confent is neceffary ; and as the monarchic branch, which in Britain is the King, and with us, either the King in perfon, or the Governor whom he fhall be pleafed to appoint to aft in his ftead, is fuppofed to have a jufl: fenfc of his own interejl, which is that of all the fubjefts in general, his confent is alfo ne- ceffary, and when the confent of thefe three branches is obtained, the taxation is moft certainly legal.

Let us now allow ourfelvcs a few moments to examine the late

a{ls of the Briti/Jj parliament for taxing America Let us with

candor judge whether they are conftitutionally binding upon us : — If they are, in the name of justice let us fubmit to them, without one murmuring word.

First, I would afk whether the members of the Britifli Houfe of Commons are the Democracy of this Province ? if they are, they are either the people of this province, or are elected by the people of this province, to rcprefent them, and have therefore a con^ ftitutional right to originate a Bill for taxing them : It is moft certain they are neither ; and therefore nothing done by them can be faid to be done by the democratic branch of our conftitution. I would next aflc, whether the Lords who compofe the ariftocratic branch of the Britiffi legiflature, arcPeers of America ? I never heard it was (even in thcfc extraordinary times) fo much as pretended,

B and

lo :An Oration*

and if they are not, certainly no aft of theirs can be faid to be fhc aft of the ariftocratic branch of our conftitution. The power of the monarchic branch we with pleafure acknowledge, refides in the King, who may aft either in perfon or by his reprefentative ; and I freely confefs that I can fee no reafon why a PROCLAMATION for raijing money in America iflued by the King's file authority, would not be equally confiftent with our conftitution, and therefore equally binding upon us with the late a^s of the Br'it'ijh parliament for taxing us ; for it is plain, that if there is any validity in thofe a^s, it muft: arife altogether from the monarchical branch of the legiflature : And I further think that it would be at leaft as equitable; for I do not conceive it to be of the leaft importance to us by whom our property is taken away, fo long as it is taken without our con- fcnt ; and I am very much at a lofs to know by what figure of rhetoric, the inhabitants of this province can be called free sub- jects, when they are obliged to obey implicitly, fuch laws as are made for rhem. by men three thoufand miles off, whom they know not, and whom they never have im powered to aft for them ; or how they can be faid to have property, when a body of men over whom they have not the leaft controul, and who are not in any way accountable to them, fhall oblige them to deliver up any part, or the whole of their fubftance, without even afking their confent : And yet, whoever pretends that the late afts of the Britifli parliament for taxing America ought to be deemed binding upon us, muft admit at once that we are abfolute SLAVES, and have no property of our own ; or elfe that we may be Free- men, and at the fame time under a, neceffity of obeying the arbitrary commands of thofe over

whom

An Oration. li

whom wc have no controul or influence ; and that wc may hAvF. PRO'PERTY OF OUR OWN, "which IS entirely at the difpofal of ano- ther. Such grofs abfurdities, I believe will not be relifhed in this enlightened age : And it can be no matter of wonder that the peo- ple quickly perceived; and ferioufly cotnplaincd of the inroads which thefe afts muft unavoidably make upon their Libertj, and of the hazard to which their ivhok property is by them expofcd ; for, if they may be taxed without their confent even tlie fmallen: trifle, they may alfo without their confent be deprived of every thing they poflefs, although never fo valuable, never fo dear. Certainly it never entered the hearts of our anceftors, that after fo many dangers in this then defolate wildernefs, theif hard-earned property fhould be at the dif- pofal of the Britifli parliament ; and as it was foon found that this taxation could not be fupported by reafon and argument, it feemed neceffary that one aft of oppreflion fhould be enforced by another, and therefore, contrary to our juft rights as poffcfling, or at leafl: having a juft title to poflefs, all the liberties and immunities of Britifli fubjefts, a ftanding army was eflabliflied among us in time of peace ; and evidently for the purpofe of effefling that, which it was one principal defign of the founders of the conftitution to pre- vent, (when they declared a ftanding army in time of peace to be AGAINST LAW) namely, for the enforcement of obedience to a^s which upon fair examination appeared to be unjuft and uncon- ftitutional.

Th e

12 ^n Oration.

^HE ruinous confequences of (landing armies to free communities maybefeen in the hiftories of SYRACusE,RoME,and many other once flourifhing States ; fome of which have now fcarce a name ! Their baneful influence is moft fuddenly felt, when they are placed in populous cities ; for, by a corruption of morals,the public happinefs is immedi- ately affefted ; and that this is one of the effeifts of quartering troops in a populous city, is a truth, to which many a mourning parent, many a loft, defpairing child in this metropolis, muft bear a very me- lancholy teftimony. — Soldiers are alfo taught to coofider arms as the only arbiters by which every difpute is to be decided between con- tending ftatcs ; — they are inftrufled implicitly to obey their comman- ders, without enquiring into the juflice of the caufe they are engaged to fupport ; Hence it is, that they arc ever to be dreaded as the ready engines of tyranny and opprefllon. — And it is too obfervable that they are prone to introduce the fame mode of decifion in the difputes of individuals, and from thence have often arifen great ani- mofities between them and the inhabitants, who whilft in a naked defencelefs ftate, are frequently infulted and abufed by an armed fol- dicry. And this will be more efpecially the cafe, when the troops are informed, that the intention of their being ftationed in any city, is to OVERAWE THE INHABITANTS. That, this was the avoweddefign of Rationing an armed force in this town, is fufficiently known ; and WE, my fellow-citizens have feen, wEhave felt the tragical effefts ! — The fatal FIFTH OF MARCH 1770, can never be for- gotten— The horrors of that dreadful night are but too deeply imprefled on our hearts — Language is too feeble to paint the emotions of our fouls, wheo our ftreets were ftaincd with the blood

OF

An Oration. 13

OF OUR BRETHREN, — when ouf ears were wounded by the groans of the dyings and our eyes were tormented with the fight of the man- gled bodies of the dead. — When our alarmed imagination prefented to our view our houfes wrapt in flames, — our children fubjcfted to the barbarous caprice of the raging foldiery — oar beauteous virgins cxpofed to all the infolenceof unbridled paffion, — our virtuous wives endeared to us by every tender tie, falling a facrifice to their worfe than brutal violence, and perhaps like the famed Lucretia, dif- trafted with anguifh and defpair, ending their wretched lives by their own fair hands. — When we beheld the authors of our diftrefs parading in our ftreets, or drawn up in regular battalia, as though in a hoflile city ; our hearts beat to arms ; we fnatched our weapons, almoft re- folved by one decifive ftroke, to avenge the death of our slaugh- TEREp BRETHREN, and to fecurc from future danger, all that we held raoft dear : But propitious heaven forbad the bloody carnage, and favcd the threatncd vi<5tims of our too keen refentnient, not by

their difcipline, not by their regular array, no, it was royal

George's livery that proved their fiiield — it was that which turned the pointed engines of deftruftion from their breafts.f The thoughts of vengeance were foon buried in our inbred affection to Great- Britain, and calm reafon diftated a, method of removing the troops more mild than an immediate rccourfe to the fword. With united

efforts

f I hive the ftroageft reafon to believe that I have mentioned the only circLinnfl.ince, which faved the troops from deArudion. It was then, and now is, the opinion of thofe who were beft acquainted with the ft ite of affairs at that time, that bad thrice that cumber of troops, belonging to any power at open war with us-, been in this town in the fame expofed coadicion, fcarce a man would have lived to iuFC kcB, the morning light.

14 ^n Oration.

efforts you urged the immediate departure of the troops from the

town —you urged it, with a refolution which enfured fuccefs you

obtained your wifhes, and the removal of the troops was efiefled, without one drop of their blood being fhed by the inhabitants !

The immediate aftors in the tragedy of THAT night were

furrendered to juftice, It is not mine to fay how far they were

guilty I they have been tried by the country and ACQUITTED of murder ! And they are fiot to be again arraigned at an earthly bar : But, furely the men who have promifcuoufly fcattered death amidft the innocent inhabitants of a populous dty, ought to fee well to it, that they be prepared to ftand at the bar of an omniscient JuDC E ! And all who contrived or encouraged the ftationing troops in this place, have reafons of eternal importance, to refleft with deep contrition on their bafe defigns, and humbly to repent of their impious machinations.

The infatuation which hath feemed for a number of years to prevail in the Britifh councils with regard to us, is truly aftonifhing ! What can be propofed by the repeated attacks made upon our free- dom, I really cannot furmife ; even leaving juftice and humanity out -of the queftion, I do not know one fmglc advantage which can arifc to the Britifh nation, from our being enflaved : — I know not of any gains, which can be wrung from us by oppreflion, which they may not obtain from us by t>ur own confent in the fmooth channel of commerce : We wifli the wealth and profperity of Britain ; \vc contribute largely to both. — Doth v\ hat we contribute lofe all its value,

becaufe

An Oration. 15

becaufe it is done voluntarily ? The amazing increafe of riches to i?nM/n, the great rife of the value of her lands, the flourifhing ftate of her navy ; are ftriking proofs of the advantages derived to her, from her commerce with the Colonies ; and it is ourearneft der fire that flie may ftill continue to enjoy the fame emoluments, until her ftrcets are paved with AMERICAN GOLD ; only, let , us have the pleafure of calling it our own, whilft it is in our hands ; — but this it feems is too great a favor— Sve are to be governed by the ah- folate commands of others, our property is to be taken away without our confent — if we complain, our complaints are treated with con- tempt; ifweaffert our rights, that aflertion is deemed infolence ; if we humbly offer to fubrait the matter to the impartial decifion of reafon, the Sword is judged the moft proper argument to filence our murmurs ! — But, this cannot long be the cale — furely, the BritifJj nation will not fuffer the reputation of their jufiice, and their honor, to be thus fported away by a capricious miniflry ; no, they will in a fhort time open their eyes to their true I'ntereft : They nourifti in their own breafts a noble love of Liberty, they hold her dear, and they know that all who have once poflcfTeJ her charms had rather die than fufter her to be torn from their em- braces— They are alfo fenfible that Britain is {o deeply interefltd in the profperity of the colonics, that (he muft eventually feel every wound given to their freedom ; they cannot be ignorant that more dependence may be placed on the affcftions of a brother, than on the forced fervice? of a slave — They mull approve your efforts for the prefervation of your rights ; from a fympaihy of foul they muft pray for your fuc.cefs : Aaa I doubt not but. they will e'er long.

cxef.&

i6 An Oration,

exert thetnfelves effe<flually to redrefs your grievances. Even in the dlfTolute reign of king Chabxes II. when the houfe of Commons impeached the Earl of Clarendon of high treafon, the firft article on which they founded their accufation was, that " he had deftgned a " Jlanding army to be raifed, and to govern the kingdom thereby." And the eighth article was, that " he had introduced an arbitrary " government into his MajeJly's plantations". — A terrifying example, to thofe who are now forging chains for this Country !

You have my friends and countrymen often frullrated the defigas of your enemies, by your unanimity and fortitude : It was your union and determined fpirit which expelled thofe troops, who pol- luted your ftreets with innocent blood. — You have appointed this anniverfary as a ftanding memorial of the bloody conse-

<iUENCEs of placing AN ARMED FORGE IN A POPULOUS

CITY, and of your deliverance from the dangers which then feemed to hang over your heads ; and I am confident that you never will betray the leaft want of fpirit wfeen called upon to guard your freedom. — None but they who fet a jufl: value upon the blefllngs of Liberty are worthy to enjoy her — Your illuftrious fathers were her zealous votaries — when the blafting frowns of tyranny drove her from public view, they clafped her in their arms, they cheriflied her in their generous bofoms, they brought her fafe ovei the rough ocean, and fixed her feat in this then dreary wildernefs ; they nurfed her infant age with the moft tender care ; for her fake, they patiently bore the feverefl: hardfhips ; for her fupport. they underwent the moft rugged toils : In her defence, they boldly encountered the moft

alarming

An Oration, 17

farming dangers ; neither the ravenous beafts that ranged the woods fbipfey'; nor the more furious favages of the wiidernefs; could damp their ardor ! — Whillt with one hand, they broke the ftubborn glebe; with the other, they gr^fpcd their weapons, ever ready to prote(rt her from danger. -—-—No facrifice, not even their own blood, was cfteemed too rich a liHatl'^n for her altar! God profpered their valour, they prefcrved he- biiilancv unfullied, they enjoyed her whilft thoy lived, and dying, bequeathed the dear inheritance, to your care. And as they left y^a this glorious legacy, they have undoubtedly tranfuitted to you, fome portion of their noble fpirir, to infpirc you with virtue to merit her, and courage to preferve her ; you furely cannot, with fuch examples before yoar eyes, as every page of the hiftory of this country affords ;* fuffer your liberties to be raviflied from you by lawlefs force, or cajoled av/ay by flattery and fraud.

The voice of your Fathers blood cries to you from the ground; My Sons, scorn to be SLAVES ! In vain we met the frowns of tyrants — In vain, we left our native land — In vain, we crcfTed the boiO -rous ocean, found a new world, and prepared it for the happy r^fidence of Liberty — In vain, we toiied— In vain, we fought — We bled in vain, if you, o\\\ offspring

want valour to npel the affaults of her invaders 1

Stain not the glory of your worthy anccfloi-s, hut I'ke them ref^lve, r.ev-cr to part with your binh-dght ; be wif; in your doii'^ra- tions, and determined, in your . exertions for the prefcrvaiion of

C your

* At fimi»l lierohm budes, et f;ifli parentis

Jam legere, et qux- fit pnterls cognolcere vinus.

J

IRC.

1 8 ^n Oration.

your liberties. — Follow not the di(*lates of pafHon, but cnlifl; ypur- felves under the facred banner of reafon : Ufe every method in your power to fecure your rights : At leaft prevent the curfes of pofterity from being heaped upon your memories..

If you with united zeal and fortitude oppofe the torrent of op- prefTion ; If you feel the true fire of patriotifm burning in your breafts ; if you from your fouls defpife the mod gaudy drcfs that flavery can wear ; if you really prefer the lonely cottage (whilft bleft with liberty) to. gilded palaces furrounded with the enfigns of flavery; you may have the fulleft aflurancethattyranny with her whole accurfed train will hide their hideous heads in confufion,fliame and defpair — If you perform your part, you muft have the ftrongeft, confidence, that THE SAME ALM,iGHTY Being who protefted your pious and venerable fore-fathers — who enabled them to turn a barren wilder- nefs into a fruitful field, who fo often made hare his arm for their falvation, will ftill be mindful of you their offspring.

Ma.y. this almighty BEING gracioufly prefide In all our councils. — May he direft us to fuch mcafures as he himfelf fhall approve, and be pleafed to blefs. — May, we ever be a. people favored of GOD. — May our land be a land of Liberty, rhe feat of virtue, the afylum of the oppreOTed, a name and a praife in the whole earthy until the laft (hock of tim.e (hall bury the empires of the world in one common undiftinguKhed ruin !

F I N IS.

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