STUDIES IN THE FAMILY ORCHIDACE®

OAKES AMES A.M.

ORCHIDACE#
VI

ORCHIDACEE

ILLUSTRATIONS AND STUDIES OF
THE FAMILY ORCHIDACEE

ISSUED FROM THE AMES BOTANICAL LABORATORY
NORTH EASTON, MASSACHUSETTS

THE ORCHIDS OF MOUNT KINABALU
BRITISH NORTH BORNEO
By OAKES AMES anp CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH

NOTES ON PHILIPPINE ORCHIDS VII
By OAKES AMES

DIRECTOR OF THE BOTANIC GARDENS OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY

WITH TWENTY-TWO ETCHINGS BY BLANCHE AMES

@

Fascicle VI

BOSTON
THE MERRYMOUNT PRESS
1920

COPYRIGHT, 1920, BY OAKES AMES
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

PUBLISHED OCTOBER 18, 1920

D. B. UPDIKE» THE MERRYMOUNT PRESS - BOSTON

TO

ELMER DREW MERRILL

IN RECOGNITION OF DISTINGUISHED

SERVICES TO MALAYAN BOTANY

THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED

Ut

a if ive iz

md

‘ae, ROR
Reohinad Dacia wy merges }
yh Gea tech, tyke! aed if
Tee ih eh wae nae |

A tS
: ;

Rae saints
S the Sait

:
\ nie
4 ‘
bal te i

CONTENTS
Preface

The Orchids of Mount Kinabalu
Synopsis of the Genera

Enumeration of the Genera and Species
Notes on Philippine Orchids, VII

Summary of New Genera, New Species and New Com-
binations proposed in the Present Volume

Index

PAGE

273

319
327

mo} wot hon wisead mo, :
- Mavle f iivsertll ‘ota

ta
a
\
+
.
~
*, De ¥
1, i [
‘
e

ar“arvos

atte. | Th
a) 4

conve ite aren
ny

ipl

PREFACE

OUNT KINABALU, one of the loftiest mountains
M of the Malay Archipelago, is situated in British North
Borneo. It is an isolated mass of granite 13,455 feet high, divided
into several peaks, the highest of which is Low’s Peak. The main
body of the mountain is about twenty miles inland from Ambong
Bay. Its tremendous height is accentuated by isolation. There
are no nearby mountains of comparable altitude to affect one’s
estimate of its proportions. John Whitehead brought out this
point very clearly in the narrative of his ascent made for zodlogi-
cal purposes in 1887 and 1888. The following lines are his: “The
country inland is much broken up by sandstone hills of low ele-
vation, generally bare of trees, and in this month (February)
parched and brown, covered with one of the tropical curses, lalang
grass. At the back of these lalang-covered hills are others topped
with forest, sometimes sharp-peaked and rugged; at the back of
all, towering above everything, is that superbly grand mountain
Kinabalu. This wonderful mountain looks more imposing than
many mountains of a much greater altitude, from the fact that
it is an almost isolated mass, at the highest end mounting up to
the height of 13,698 feet (Belcher) and finishing off abruptly in
sheer precipices of 10,000 feet; its proximity to the sea-coast,
» being less than forty miles in a direct line, allows of it being

~< viewed at once from the lowest level, none of its imposing gran-

- deur being lost by a series of intervening plateaus which dwarf
_» SO Many mountains.”
_ The forest cover is described as follows:
1. The secondary forest (2500-4000 feet).
2. The primary forest (83500-6000 feet).
3. The mossy forest (6000-9000 feet).

[ ix ]

PREFACE

4. The scrub formation (on the exposed serpentine).
5. The low sheltered forest (9500—10,500 feet).
6. The sub-summit dwarf forest (above 10,500 feet).

Mount Kinabalu has been ascended at intervals since 1851.
From the orchidologist’s point of view the most important ex-
plorations made for botanical purposes, prior to that of Clemens
in 1915, were undertaken by Dr. G. D. Haviland in 1892 and
by Miss Lilian Gibbs, F.L.S. in 1910. The orchids collected by
Haviland were studied and identified by H. N. Ridley and pub-
lished in Stapf’s paper “On the Flora of Mount Kinabalu.”*
Haviland brought out twenty-four species of orchids, represent-
ing twelve genera. The orchids collected by Miss Gibbs were
published in her paper entitled “A Contribution to the Flora
and Plant Formations of Mount Kinabalu and the Highlands
of British North Borneo.”? The identifications of the orchids
were made by R. A. Rolfe at the Kew Herbarium. Miss Gibbs
brought out forty-one species, representing twenty-two genera.
One new genus was recognized.

In 1915 Chaplain Joseph Clemens, U.S. A. accompanied by
Mrs. Clemens, D. LeRoy Topping and native helpers, ascended
Kinabalu for the purpose of making botanical collections. Chap-
lain Clemens, to keep his interest in the expedition constantly
stimulated, decided to give his undivided attention to a single
group of plants. He chose the Orchidaceae. As a result of his
efforts, one hundred and fifty-five orchid species in a condition
suitable for identification were secured. Of this number one hun-
dred species proved to be new. He also secured one new genus.
Chaplain Clemens spent about six weeks on the mountain. In
that time he more than doubled the number of orchid species
known to be natives of Kinabalu.

1 Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 69-263. 2Journ. Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 1-240.

[x]

PREFACE

In his expedition Chaplain Clemens went from Jesselton to
Usukan, thence to Kotabelud. From Kotabelud he started up
the Tampassuk River on the way to Koung, which is near the
junction of several rivers that form the Tampassuk. Then he
climbed to Kiau, ascending the spur that rises from the left bank
of the Kadamian River. From Kiau, after passing the Minitindok
Gorge, he ascended to Low’s Peak by way of Lobong, collecting
at Kamborangah and Pakka on the way. Starting from Kiau
again he crossed the Gurulau Spur twice, and after climbing the
Marei Parei Spur crossed the Kinitaki River. On the return he
climbed from Koung over the Bungol Mountain to Bungol rest-
house, then crossed the Kalawat Mountain to Kalawat and
reached Tuaran on his way to Gantisan on the coast. The ex-
pedition started on October 28, 1915 and was completed by
December 12, 1915.

The orchids were gathered chiefly on Marei Parei Spur, near
Kiau, at and around Lobong Cave, and in the neighborhood of
Kamborangah. A few species were collected at Pakka and on
the Gurulau Spur. The approximate altitudes of these localities
are as follows: Kiau 3080 feet, Lobong 4790 feet, Gurulau Spur
5000-5500 feet, Marei Parei Spur 5000-7000 feet, Kamborangah
7040 feet, Pakka 9790 feet.

The geological history of Borneo indicates that in the past
there were land connections with the Malay Peninsula, Java and
Sumatra. These connections must have been broken long enough
ago to allow for the development of a high degree of specific en-
demism in each isolated land mass. In the Malay Peninsula the
specific endemism, according to computations made by Merrill,
is fifty per cent. The same or approximately the same percentage
of endemism may be expected to prevail in the floras of Sumatra,
Celebes and the other more important islands of the Malay Archi-

[ xi ]

PREFACE

pelago. As botanical explorations of Borneo become intensive
and little known areas are searched, it is reasonable to assume
that endemic species will be found to be exceptionally numerous,
especially in the mountains above an altitude of two thousand
five hundred feet.

When we realize that Borneo is one of the largest islands in
the world, its area being five times the area of England and
Wales; when we bear in mind that botanical exploration has not
yet been undertaken systematically and that a single collector
who specialized in a single family discovered in less than six
weeks on one mountain one hundred species heretofore unde-
scribed, we must prepare for extraordinary changes in any gen-
eralizations as to the extent and nature of the Bornean flora
based on our present very incomplete knowledge.

The Orchidaceae, with eighty-seven genera and over eight
hundred species, surpass numerically all other families of sper-
matophytes native to Borneo. Next to the Orchidaceae come the
Rubiaceae, with sixty-four genera and approximately three hun-
dred and thirty species. Then, among the more important fami-
lies, come the Euphorbiaceae, Araceae, Palmae, Leguminosae
and Melastomaceae in the order named.

The high degree of endemism characteristic of the Bornean
flora in general prevails among the orchids of Mount Kinabalu.
About sixty per cent of the species gathered by Chaplain Clemens
proved to be undescribed. Of the material that represents old
species very few specimens were noted that are characterized by
an extra-limital distribution.

Conclusions as to the relationship between the orchids of
Borneo and the orchids of neighboring islands must be, for the
present at least, lightly entertained. We may conclude quite
rightly, however, that the orchid flora of Borneo is of the same

[ xii ]

PREFACE

general type as that of the Malay Peninsula, Java, Sumatra,
_ Celebes and the Philippines. The species that are known to have
an extra-limital range are for the most part Malayan. Spiranthes
sinensis (Pers.) Ames is one of the few exceptions to this rule.
Below, under Dendrochilum, I have discussed the relationship
between the species of Mount Kinabalu and Luzon. What is true
of Dendrochilum in the regions mentioned seems to be equally
true of all the large genera common to Borneo and neighboring
regions.

In addition to the orchids found by Chaplain Clemens in 1915
I have added in the following enumeration a small collection
made on Kinabalu in 1916 by George Haslam and a complete
list of all the species reported to be natives of the mountain.

With regard to several of the orchids described in the text
perplexities have arisen, but the more troublesome of these were
promptly removed through the kindness of Sir David Prain,
Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, who sent sketches of types
preserved in the Kew Herbarium. I am also indebted to Mr.
Burkhill, Director of Gardens, Straits Settlements, who secured
for me a photograph of the type of Dendrochilum conopseum
Ridl. which is preserved in the Sarawak Museum.

It is a pleasure to acknowledge the valued coéperation of my
assistant, Mr. Charles Schweinfurth, in the examination and de-
scription of the material which has passed through my hands
in the preparation of this work. The species that represent joint
authorship are designated by the letters A. & S.

The following enumeration includes fifty-two genera and two
hundred and twenty-two species. It is highly probable that inten-
sive explorations throughout the year will bring to light many
additions and confirm my belief that Mount Kinabalu will prove

[ xiii ]

PREFACE

to be one of the richest mountains in the world in the diversity

and interest of its orchid flora.
OakEs AMES

Bussey Institution of Applied Biology
Harvard University
July, 1919

Z
. i f oN’ ie ety ire 71)
hs ' AA 7 ee t aT a’ me
be ae:
~ ORCHIDACEA

4

-

Pct cheers

nbs. SL. or

Se ay

| enti vee haveint ommend

am om

Rubel

~~

THE ORCHIDS OF MOUNT KINABALU
BRITISH NORTH BORNEO

BASED CHIEFLY ON THE COLLECTIONS OF
CHAPLAIN JOSEPH CLEMENS

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA!

I. Diandrae. The lateral anthers of the outer series fertile.

CyYPRIPEDILINAE

1. Cordula Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4 (1838) 46.

II. Monandrae. The unpaired anther of the outer series fertile.
A. BASITONAE. Anther adherent by a broad base; caudiculae developed
at the base of the anther.

HaABENARINAE

2. Habenaria Willd. Sp. Pl. 4 (1805) 44.

AA. ACROTONAE. Anther attached to the column by a filament; caudi-
culae when present developed at the tip of the anther.
B. Polychondreae. Pollinia granular, mealy or powdery.
CryPprosryYLIDINAE
3. Chlorosa Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 420, t. 31; Fl. Jav. nov. ser. 1 (1858) 113,
t. 44, f. 2.
VANILLINAE
4, Vanilla Juss. Gen. (1789) 66.
5. Aphyllorchis B/. Bijdr. (1825) t. 77; Fl. Jav. nov. ser. 1 (1858) 43,
tee V7 D;
SPIRANTHINAE
6. Spiranthes L. C. Rich. in Mém. Mus. Par. 4 (1818) 42, 50; (Sepa-
rate (1817) 20, 28).
PHYSURINAE
7. Goodyera R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5 (1813) 197.
8. Kuhlhasseltia J. J. Sm. Ic. Bogor. 4 (1910) 1, t. 301.

1 The Apostasiinae represented on Mount Kinabalu by Neuwiedia Bl. and A postasia Bl. are
excluded from this enumeration as they seem to constitute a distinct family.

[3]

ORCHIDACEAE

9. Anoectochilus BI. Bijdr. (1825) 411, t. 15 (as Anecochilus); Fl. Jav.
1 (1828) vi.
10. Vrydagzynea Bl. Fl. Jav. nov. ser. 1 (1858) 59, t. 17 E & F, 19, f. 2
& 3, 20.
TROPIDIINAE
11. Corymborchis Thou. Hist. Pl. Orch, (1822) t. 37.
BB. Kerosphaereae. Pollinia of waxy consistency.
CoLLABIINAE
12. Mischobulbum Schltr. in Fedde Rep. Beihefte 1 (1911) 98.
13. Nephelaphyllum Bi. Bijdr. (1825) 372, t. 22.
CoELOGYNINAE
14. Coelogyne Lindl. Collect. Bot. (1825) sub t. 33.
15. Sigmatochilus Rolfe in Gibbs in Journ. Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 155,
t. 3.
16. Dendrochilum Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 398, t. 52.
17. Pholidota Lindl. in Hook. Exot. FI. 2 (1825) t. 138.
18. Nabaluia Ames, Cf. page 70.
LipaRIDINAE
19. Malaxis Soland. ex Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. (1788) 119.
20. Oberonia Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. (1830) 15.
21. Liparis L. C. Rich. in Mém. Mus. Par. 4 (1818) 43, 52, t. 5, fig. 10;
(Separate (1817) 21, 30, fig. 10).
'THUNIINAE
22. Arundina Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 401.
DENDROBIINAE
23. Dendrobium Sw. in Schrad. Journ. Bot. 2 (1799) 234 and in Nov.
Act. Ups. 6 (1799) 82.
24. Eria Lindl. in Bot. Reg. (1825) t. 904.
GLOMERINAE
25. Ceratostylis Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 304, t. 56.
26. Agrostophyllum Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 368, t. 53.
PopDocHILINAE
27. Podochilus Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 295, t. 12.
28. Chilopogon Schitr. in Fedde Rep. Beihefte 1 (1912) 332.
29. Appendicula Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 297, t. 40.

pag

ORCHIDACEA

PoLysTACHYINAE
30. Bromheadia Lindl. in Bot. Reg. (1841) Mise. 90.
PHAJINAE
31. Acanthophippium Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 353, t. 47.
32. Phajus Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 529.
33. Calanthe R. Br. in Bot. Reg. (1821) sub t. 573.
34, Spathoglottis Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 400.
35. Ascotainia Ridl. Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. part 1 (1907) 115.
BuLBoPpHYLLINAE
36. Bulbophyllum Thou. Hist. Pl. Orch. (1822) Tabl. Espéc. III & fig.
t. 93-97 & 99-110.
"THELASINAE
37. Thelasis Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 385, t. 75.
38. Phreatia Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. (1830) 63.
CyRTOPODIINAE
39. Eulophia R. Br. in Bot. Reg. (1823) t. 686.
CyMBIDIINAE
40. Grammatophyllum BI. Bijdr. (1825) 377, t. 20.
41. Cymbidium Sw. in Schrad. Journ. Bot. 2 (1799) 213 and in Nov.
Act. Ups. 6 (1799) 70.
'THECOSTELINAE
42. Acriopsis Reinw. ex Bl. Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (1823) 97 (nomen);
Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 376.
43. Thecostele Reichb. f: in Bonpl. 5 (1857) 37.
SARCANTHINAE
44, Thrixspermum Lour. F]. Cochinch. (1790) 519.
45. Aerides Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 525.
46. Vanda Jones in As. Res. 4 (1795) 302.
47. 'Trichoglottis Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 359.
48. Schoenorchis Reinw. ex Bl. Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (1823) 100 (no-
men); Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 361.
49. Saccolabium Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 292.
50. Malleola J. J. Sm. & Schltr. in Fedde Rep. Beihefte 1 (1913) 978.
51. Sarcanthus Lindi. Collect. Bot. (1825) t. 39 B.
52. Microsaccus Bi. Bijdr. (1825) 367.

[5]

ENUMERATION OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES
1. CORDULA Raf.

Eleven species of this genus have been recorded from Borneo,
most of them being well known in gardens. Only two species
have been found on Mount Kinabalu.

1. Cordula Dayana (Reichb.f.) Rolfe in Orch. Rev. 20 (1912)
2, in footnote.
Krnazatu, Haslam, July-August 1916. Krav, Clemens 100, 151, 321,
849, November 1915. 2000-5000 feet altitude.
2. Cordula javanica (Reinw.) Rolfe in Orch. Rev. 20 (1912)
2, in footnote.

Kinazatu, Haslam, July-August 1916. Lozone Gorex, Clemens 274,
November 1915. Flower green with purple stripes.

2. HABENARIA Willd.

Seventeen species of Habenaria are now known to be natives
of Borneo. In the present work the generic limits comprehend
Platanthera and Peristylus.

1. Habenaria bambusetorum Krdnzl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 1
(1898) 384. Peristylus gracilis B/. Bijdr. (1825) 404.
Krav, Clemens 193, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower greenish
with some purple. Marer Parser Spur, Clemens 397, December 1915.
Flower green.
2. Habenaria borneensis fid/. in Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Ser. 2,4 (1894) 240.

Krixasavu, Haviland. 10,000 feet altitude.

3. Habenaria crassinervia A. & S. sp. nov. Herba terrestris.
Radices tuberosae, paucae. Caulis sine foliis basalibus, e basi
decumbenti suberectus. Folia plus minusve quinque, adpressa,
vaginantia, lanceolato-ovata, bractearum instar. Racemus sub-
laxus. Sepala nervis crassis praedita. Sepala lateralia faleato-lan-

[ 6 ]

ORCHIDACE#

ceolata, obtusa. Sepalum dorsale ovatum, late obtusum. Petala
obliqua, semiovata, parte basali anteriore in auriculam extensa.
Labellum integrum, oblongo-lineare, caleari subaequale. Gyno-
stemium breve, latum.

Roots few, about 4 mm. thick, tuberous with short tubers.
Stem, including the inflorescence, 23 cm. or more long, becom-
ing suberect from a decumbent base, provided with five or more
sheathing leaves. Leaves up to 3.8 cm. long, 1.7 em. wide, lance-
ovate to lanceolate, more or less appressed, sharply acuminate,
clasping below, the mid-nerve prominently sulcate on the upper
surface and carinate beneath, the uppermost leaves gradually
reduced in size. In the dry state all leaves resemble spreading
sheaths. Floral bracts similar to the leaves, 1-1.8 cm. long, lan-
ceolate, very long acuminate, about three-nerved, either shorter
than, equal to, or longer than the ovaries. Flowers ten or less,
forming a loose raceme up to 12 cm. long. Sepals pellucid, petals
less so, lip very thick and fleshy. Lateral sepals about 8 mm. long,
8 mm. broad below the middle, faleate-lanceolate, rounded at the
apex, the three nerves keeled on the dorsal surface, the lateral
nerves somewhat abbreviated. Dorsal sepal ovate, about 6.3 mm.
long, 4 to 4.4 mm. wide below the middle, strongly three-
nerved, the nerves prominently keeled on the dorsal surface,
nerves not reaching the broadly rounded apex. Petals obliquely
semi-ovate, +6.5 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. broad, obtuse or subacute,
two-nerved, the anterior basal portion extended into an auricle
characteristic of this section. Lip about 9.5 mm. long, 2.56 mm.
broad, simple, oblong-linear, reflexed, very thick and fleshy es-
pecially down the center, abruptly narrowed to an obtuse apex,
equaling or slightly shorter than the spur. Spur +1 cm. long,
curved, cylindric, parallel with the lip. Column broad, about 3.5
mm. long.

Cw

ORCHIDACEZ

This species is represented by four fragmentary specimens,
the flowers of which show some variability in having ciliolate or
eciliolate petals, and perianth of variable texture. However, it is
practicable to treat the material as representative of a single spe-
cies. It is unlike its near relatives H. borneensis Ridl., H. Stapfii
(Krinzl.), H. kinabalwensis (Krianzl.), and H. Gibbsiae (Rolfe),
in that it does not possess distinct basal leaves and has strongly
carinate veins on the dorsal surface of the sepals.

Habenaria borneensis Ridl. is a much taller plant with basal
lobules on the lip. Unlike HZ. Stapfit (Kranzl.), H. crassinervia
has obtuse petals and a linear instead of an ovate-lanceolate lip.
H. kinabaluensis (Kranzl.) is apparently much taller and has a
differently shaped dorsal sepal, while the lip and spur are of dif-
ferent relative length. It is most closely related to H. Gibbsiae
(Rolfe), which not only has a taller scape with prominent basal
leaves, but apparently ecarinate sepals and a subacute dorsal
sepal. HZ. halconensis Ames, which is also an allied species, has
a much larger perianth and differently shaped lip.

Paxxa, Clemens 221, November 1915. Flower green.

4. Habenaria Gibbsiae (Rolfe) 4. & S. comb. nov. Platan-
thera Gibbsiae Rolfe in Gibbs in Journ. Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 160.
Paxxa, below Pakka, Gibbs 4258, February 1910. In open serub, 9000

feet altitude. Terrestrial, flowers yellow.

5. Habenaria gigas Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6 (1890) 160. var.
papuana (J. J. Sm.) A. & S. comb. nov. Peristylus grandis Bl.
var. papuanus J. J. Sm. in Nova Guinea 8 (1909) 3, t. I. 1.

Krav, Clemens 45, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Terrestrial,
flowers greenish yellow. [Spur very short. ]

6. Habenaria goodyeroides Don Prodr. (1825) 25.

Krav, Haslam, July-August 1916. 3000 feet altitude. Terrestriai, three
feet in height, flower white, slightly fragrant.

[8]

ORCHIDACEA

7. Habenaria kinabaluensis (Krdnzl.) A. & S. comb. nov.
Platanthera kinabaluensis K7rdnzl. ex Rolfe in Gibbs in Journ.
Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 160.

Krvasawu, Haviland. Maret Paret Spur, Clemens 261, November 1915.

Flower green tinged with yellow.

8. Habenaria Stapfii (A7<dnzl.) 4.& S.comb. nov. Platanthera
Stapfii A7dnzl. ex Rolfe in Gibbs in Journ. Linn. Soc. 42 (1914)
160.

Mare! Parei Spur, Haviland. 5000 feet altitude.

3. CHLOROSA Bi.
The genus Chlorosa has not heretofore been recorded as a native
of Borneo.

1. Chlorosa Clemensii 4.& S. sp.nov. Planta terrestris, acau-
lis. Radices paucae, tuberosae. Folium longe petiolatum, ovatum,
subito acuminatum, ad basim rotundatum. Scapus folium multo
excedens, vaginis paucis vestitus. Vaginae tubuliformes, acumi-
natae. Inflorescentia brevis, floribus perpaucis. Bracteae lanceo-
latae, ad apicem subulatum acuminatae. Perianthium paulo
patens. Sepala similia, linearia, sensim acuminata, magnopere
involuta, apice obscure tridentata, trinervia. Petala multo brevi-
ora, linearia, uninervia, apice plus minusve tridentata. Labellum
ovato-lanceolatum, acuminatum, marginibus maxime involutis,
subtus ad basim carinis quinque, parvis, approximatis ornatum.
Gynostemium breve, porrectum.

Roots up to 1.5 mm. thick, tuberous, hairy, few. Plant stem-
less. Petiole +3.8 cm. long, stout. Leaf 4-6 cm. long, 2.6—-3.6 cm.
broad, rising at an oblique angle from the petiole, ovate, abruptly
acuminate, rounded at the complicate base, mid-vein promi-
nently carinate beneath especially toward the petiole, thin,
many-nerved and cross reticulated. Scape +15 cm. high, much

[9]

ORCHIDACE

exceeding the leaves, ascending-arcuate, sparingly clothed with
sheaths. Sheaths up to 1.7 em. long, those of the scape remote,
thin, tubular, acuminate; those below, at the base of the scape and
petiole, imbricating and scarious. Inflorescence up to 2 cm. long
(more or less immature in the material examined), loosely five- or
six-flowered. Bracts +1 cm. long, lanceolate, very gradually acu-
minate, subulate at the tip, cucullate at the base, three-nerved,
the upper margins involute. Perianth erect, slightly spreading.
Sepals 10.5-11 mm. long, 2.2 mm. wide near the base, the lateral
sepals slightly longer, linear, gently long acuminate to an ob-
scurely and unequally three-toothed apex, strongly involute,
three-nerved, the mid-vein keeled beneath. Petals much shorter,
about 5.7 mm. long, 1.1 mm. broad, linear, one-nerved, at the
apex more or less irregularly tridentate with the middle tooth a
little longer and sharper. Lip about 9 mm. long, 4.8 mm. broad
near the sessile base, ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate to an
obtuse apex, thicker in texture than the sepals and petals, the
margins very strongly involute enwrapping the column, slightly
undulate below, the upper surface closely and very finely papil-
lose, increasingly so above, on the under surface with five ap-
proximate, parallel ridges prominent at the base but soon dimin-
ishing. Column small, about 1.4 mm. long, extending forward,
concave above, convex beneath. Anther two-celled, suborbicular,
mucronate. Pollen grains powdery.

This is a perfectly distinct plant from Chlorosa latifola Bl.,the
only other described species of the genus, which lacks the three-
toothed apex to the petals, and has much larger leaves and rela-
tively shorter scapes. (PLATE 80.)

Mazer Parer Spur, Clemens 399, December 1915. Flower green.

[ 10 }

ORCHIDACEA
4. VANILLA Juss.

Two species are at present known to be natives of Borneo, Va-
nilla borneensis Rolfe being endemic.

1. Vanilla albida BI. Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (1823) 100; Rum-
phia 1 (1835) 197, t. 67.

Kiau, Clemens 148, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower yellow-
ish white; Clemens 308, November 1915. Flower white with pink tips.

5. APHYLLORCHIS Bi.

Three species of Aphyllorchis have been recorded as natives of
Borneo, 4. borneensis Schltr. and A. spiculaea Reichb. f. being
endemic.

1. Aphyllorchis pallida B/. Bijdr. (1826) t. 77 and Mus. Bot.
Lugd. Bat. 1 (1849) 30.

Krav, Clemens 252, November 1915. Flower white, stem and flower
dotted with purple; Clemens 323, November 1915. Flower white.

6. SPIRANTHES L. C. Rich.
The discovery of Spiranthes sinensis on Mount Kinabalu by
Clemens not only extended the range of this very variable and
widely distributed species, but amplified the number of orchid
genera now known to be represented in Borneo.

1. Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames Orchidaceae 2 (1908)
53. Neottia sinensis Pers. Syn. 2 (1807) 511.

Kiau, Clemens 190, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flowers pink;
Clemens 140, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flowers pink. Marer
Parei Spur, Clemens 399 A, December 1915.

7. GOODYERA Rk. Br.

With the addition of Goodyera rostellata, the representation of
Goodyera in Borneo is increased to three species. G. kinabaluensis
Rolfe is known only from Mount Kinabalu; G. rostrata RidL.,
the third species, was originally collected at Sarawak by Hewitt.

[ 11 ]

ORCHIDACEHZ

1. Goodyera kinabaluensis Rolfe in Gibbs in Journ. Linn.
Soe. 42 (1914) 159.

Gurvtav Spur, above Kiau Ridge, Gibbs 3997, 4003, February 1910. In
primary forest, 5000-5500 feet altitude.

2. Goodyera rostellata 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba terrestris,
parva, suberecta vel deflexa. Rhizoma decumbens, glabrum. Fo-
lia lanceolata, acuminata, ad basim rotundata, paulo obliqua,
supra valde reticulata. Caulis vaginis paucis in parte superiore
ornatus. Spica subdensa, multifiora, subsecunda, glanduloso-
pubescens. Bracteae ovaria excedentes, ad basim latae, subito
longe acuminatae, marginibus inferioribus eroso-ciliatis. Peri-
anthium connivens. Sepala concava, late obtusa, uninervia. Se-
pala lateralia ovata. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-ovatum. Petala
cuneato-spathulata, apice subcarnoso rotundata et retusa, mem-
branacea. Labellum saccatum, suborbiculare, pilis multis longis
intus praeditum, ad apicem in laminam parvam deltoideam
abrupte constrictum. Gynostemium parvum, rostelli brachiis
binis conspicuis lanceolato-acuminatis ornatum. Anthera e basi
cordata ad apicem angustata.

Rhizome decumbent, glabrous, about 1.75 mm. thick, with
short unbranched roots. Plant small, +12.5 cm. tall, suberect or
deflexed. Leaves two or three, about 5 cm. long, 1.75 cm. or more
broad, above closely reticulated with white, below with a slight
coppery tint, lanceolate, acuminate, with a slightly oblique,
rounded or subcordate base, mid-vein prominently carinate be-
neath. Stem clothed above with about four sheaths, the lower-
most like a small deltoid leaf. Spike 5-6 cm. long, rather densely
many-flowered, subsecund, closely pubescent and apparently
glandular throughout. Bracts about 7.5 mm. long, when mature
exceeding the ovaries and clasping them at the base, below broad,
abruptly long acuminate, deeply cellular-ciliate below, one-

[ 12 ]

ORCHIDACEA

nerved. Perianth about 3.5 mm. long, externally closely cellular-
glandular, the segments connivent. Sepals concave, with broadly
obtuse, overlapping apices, one-nerved. Lateral sepals about
3.6 mm. long, 2.2 mm. wide, ovate. Dorsal sepal about 3.2 mm.
long, 2 mm. broad, lance-ovate. Petals cuneate-spatulate, about
3.1 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad across the upper portion, rounded
and retuse at the slightly thickened apex, one-nerved, membra-
naceous, glabrous. Lip nearly 3mm. long, 2.4 mm. broad, very
strongly concave or pouch-shaped, suborbicular, with many long,
seattered, cellular hairs or setae within, three-nerved, toward the
apex abruptly narrowed to a small, flat, deltoid, broadly obtuse
plate; plate scarcely 1 mm. long. Column about 1 mm. long, nar-
row below, widened above, provided with a pair of prominent,
erect, lance-acuminate, obtuse rostellar arms about 1.5 mm. long.
Anther about 1.8 mm. long, two-celled, narrowed from a cor-
date base to the apex.

There are several near allies of this plant. Of these Goodyera re-
ticulata Bl. is distinguished by its larger, differently proportioned
flowers, by the shape of the petals, and by the short column
arms. G. Ramosit Ames has a markedly white central band on
the leaf, rather smooth flowers, and short rostellar arms. G. his-
ptda Lindl. has subsessile, not reticulated leaves, and differently
formed petals and lip.

In the dried material, the leaf reticulation appears creamy in
color varying to a coppery tint, and this latter hue is usually
noticeable beneath.

Kiau, Clemens 401 (Type), December 1915. Flowers white; Clemens 322,
November 1915; Clemens 96, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Inflores-
cence with brownish bracts and white flowers.

[ 18 ]

ORCHIDACE
8. KUHLHASSELTIA J. J. Sm.

The genus Kuhlhasseltia is at present a small one with repre-
sentatives in Java, the Philippine Islands, Ambon, and Borneo.

1. Kuhlhasseltia kinabaluensis 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba ter-
restris, gracilis, e basi longa decumbenti erecta. Folia plus mi-
nusve tria, scapi basim versus approximata, ovata, acuminata, ad
basim rotundata, marginibus plus minusve undulatis. Pedunculus
basim versus glabratus, in parte superiore densissime albo-pubes-
cens, vaginis circiter sex praeditus. Vaginae tubulares, apicibus
longe acuminatis. Inflorescentia subdensa, plus minusve erecta,
rachide densissime albo-pubescenti. Bracteae ovaria torta prae-
cedentes, ovaria ad basim vaginantes, in apicem subulatum longe
attenuatae, marginibus irregulariter ciliatis, uninerviae, carinatae.
Flores plus minusve undecim. Sepala lateralia lanceolata, paulo
obliqua, obtusa, uninervia. Sepalum dorsale deltoideo-lanceola-
tum, obtusum, uninervium. Petala lanceolata paulo sub medio
subito angustata, obtusa, uninervia. Labellum in circuitu ob-
longum, e basi profunde sulcata in unguem fere conduplicatum
protensum, subito in laminam extensum; lamina reniformis,
emarginata, marginibus plus minusve undulatis et erosis; un-
guis extensus orbicularis, ad basim callis duobus rotundatis.
Gynostemium breve, rostello bifido ornatum, atque parte ante-
riore tuberculo conspicuo praeditum.

Plant about 24 cm. tall, slender, erect, with a long decumbent
freely rooting base. Leaves of the season two or more, approxi-
mate near the base of the scape, about 2 cm. long, 1.2—1.5 em.
wide, ovate, gently acuminate, rounded at the base, separated
from the sheath by an almost imperceptible isthmus, thin,
more or less undulate on the margins. Peduncle glabrate below,
very closely white pubescent above, provided with about six
sheaths from the base to the inflorescence. Sheaths +1.5 cm.

[14]

ORCHIDACEA

long, tubular, with ascending, long acuminate apices. Inflores-
cence 2.7 cm. long, the rachis closely white pubescent, in the nat-
ural state apparently erect or nearly so. Bracts up to 9 mm. long,
far exceeding the twisted ovaries, at the base concave and sheath-
ing the ovaries, lance-attenuate to a long subulate tip, margins
irregularly cellular-ciliate especially below, one-nerved, keeled
dorsally along the median line. Flowers about eleven, glabrous
except for a very narrow, irregular, pubescent zone at the sum-
mit of the ovary and base of the flower. Lateral sepals about
5 mm. long, 2.1 mm. wide near the slightly saccate base, lanceo-
late, slightly oblique, obtuse, one-nerved. Dorsal sepal about
5mm. long, 2.2 mm. wide at the base, deltoid-lanceolate, obtuse,
one-nerved. Petals about 4.5 mm. long, 1.8 mm. wide a little be-
low the middle, lanceolate with a rather abruptly narrowed basal
portion, obtuse, one-nerved, somewhat oblique, of slightly thin-
ner texture than the sepals. Lip about 4.3 mm. long, oblong in
outline, from a deeply sulcate base extended forward at right
angles into a deeply grooved, almost conduplicate claw or hypo-
chil with strongly incurving sides, then dilated abruptly into a
reniform lamina; lamina about 1.4 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide,
emarginate, bluntly apiculate, with more or less undulate, erose
margins; claw or hypochil, when spread out, orbicular with two
prominent round, flat calli near the base. Column short, about
2.7 mm. long, with a conspicuous bifid rostellum, furnished with
a prominent chin on the anterior face. Anther large, lanceolate,
from a cordate, stipitate base slightly surpassing the rostellum.
Pollinia 2, sectile.

This little plant is very closely related to Kuhlhasseltia White-
headii (Rendle) Ames, a native of the Philippine Islands; but the
Bornean plant differs from it markedly in the uniformly smaller

[ 15 ]

ORCHIDACE

size of the yellow flowers, and in the more prominent anterior
chin on the column.
Maret Paret Spur, Clemens 398, December 1915. Flower yellow.

9. ANOECTOCHILUS Bi.

Previously but one species of this interesting genus was reported
as Bornean. Anoectochilus spicatus Mig. from Dutch Borneo is
apparently endemic.

1. Anoectochilus Reinwardtii Bi. F1. Jav. nov. ser. 1 (1858)
40, t. 12, f. 2, t. 12 b, f. 14-29.

In Clemens 263 the frmges of the lip are somewhat fewer
than the normal number, which is variable.

Marer Paret Spur, Clemens 263, November 1915. Flowers purplish;
Clemens 400, December 1915. Flowers cream color. Kiavu, Clemens 164,
November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flowers purple.

10. VRYDAGZYNEA Bi.
This genus is represented in Borneo by three endemic species,
PV. Beccari Schitr., V. elata Schlitr., and the following:

I. Vrydagzynea grandis 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba terrestris.
Rhizoma crassum, longe repens, glabrum, in nodos divisum. Ra-
dices paucae, e nodis orientes, densissime brunneo-lanuginosae,
plus minusve simplices. Caulis foliis paucis, approximatis fere in
medio ornatus. Folia ovata,abruptius acuta,ad petiolum cuneato-
angustata, chartacea, nervo in medio subtus carinata, folia infima
atque suprema minora. Petioli breves, in vaginas laxas tubular-
esque exeuntes. Spica densissima, crasso-cylindracea. Bracteae
lineari-oblongae, prope apicem subito angustatae, sulcatae. Peri-
anthium connivens. Sepala persimilia, lanceolata, late obtusa,
parte superiore carnosa. Petala sepalis similia, tenuiora. Labellum
calcaratum; lamina in positu naturali deltoidea, extensa lingui-
formis, papillosa, prope basim breviter bilamellata; calcar cylin-

[ 16 ]

ORCHIDACEA

draceum, in medio paulo latissimum, intus prope apicem glan-
dulis binis pedicellatis praeditum. Gynostemium breve, crassum.

Rhizome stout, elongated, glabrous, about 5 mm. thick, in dried
material pale green, divided into distinct nodes usually 1.6-
2.8 cm. apart. Roots few, rising from the nodes, fibrous, densely
brown lanuginose, simple or sparingly branched. Stem 19-20 cm.
tall, with a cluster of approximate leaves about at the middle.
Leaves five or six, +8.9 cm. long, 4.8 cm. wide, ovate, rather
abruptly acute, below cuneate narrowed to the petiole, charta-
ceous, five or more nerved, with the mid-vein carinate beneath,
the lowermost blades somewhat distant and much smaller, the
uppermost much reduced and bract-like. Petioles short, winged.
Leaf sheaths +8 mm. long, infundibuliform. Cauline sheath
on the upper portion of the stem, 1.5—2 cm. long, lanceolate, ap-
pressed. Spike dense, about 3.1 cm. long, 2.1 cm. wide. Bracts
about 9.5 mm. long, 2.8 mm. wide, linear-oblong, narrowed near
the apex to an obtuse point, one-nerved, longitudinally sulcate.
Perianth connivent, about 11.5 mm. long from the tip of the
spur to the apex of the dorsal sepal. Sepals lanceolate, narrowed
to a very broadly rounded, fleshy thickened apex, one-nerved.
Lateral sepals 5.5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide. Dorsal sepal about
5.4 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide below the middle, forming a hood
with the petals. Petals about 5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, similar
to the sepals but thinner, more or less abruptly narrowed to a
broadly rounded apex. Lip spurred; limb +3.8 mm. long, 2.8 mm.
wide at the base, in natural position deltoid with the lateral mar-
gins strongly involute, obtuse, lingulate when spread out, upper
surface finely papillose, near the base on either side provided with
a small, abbreviated, lamelliform appendage; spur 6—7 mm. long,
2.5-3 mm. in diameter at the middle, thick cylindric, anteriorly
somewhat inflated, provided within—above the middle—with

[17 ]

ORCHIDACEA

a pair of small ovate-oblong glands free-stalked for a distance
of about 1 mm., the stalks running up toward the column. Col-
umn short, thick, about 2.2 mm. tall, 1.85 mm. broad, slightly
dilated above and raised into a rostellar thickening at each
corner.

Clemens 355 shows a portion of an even larger plant than the
type with the stem (broken off) 28 cm. long. In this specimen the
leaves average 11.1 cm. long, and the spike about 4 cm. long,
2 cm. wide, but no definite floral differences are manifest.

The nearest ally is apparently Vrydagzynea albida Bl., which
is distinct in its uniformly narrower leaves, longer rachis of the
inflorescence and narrower floral segments.

Kau, Clemens 340 (Type), November 1915. Flower greenish; Clemens
355, November 1915. Flower white with green tips.

11. CORYMBORCHIS Thou.
The one widely distributed species, C. veratrifoha (Reinw.) BL,
already reported as native of Borneo, is here recorded from
Mount Kinabalu for the first time.

1. Corymborchis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Bl. Fl. Jav. nov. ser.
1 (1858) 105, t. 43, f. 1, and t. 42, E. Hysteria veratrifolia Reinw.
ex Bl. Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (1823) 99.

Lozone Cave, Clemens 123, 200, November 1915. Flowers white. [ Plant
said to be 4-8 feet high in specimens of 123. ]

12, MISCHOBULBUM Schitr.

This genus, originally erected by Schlechter in Die Orchida-
ceen von Deutsch-Neu-Guinea, published in Fedde’s Reperto-
rium, is represented in Borneo by a single species, which was first
made known through specimens imported by Messrs. Low &
Company of Clapton, England.

1. Mischobulbum scapigerum (Hook. f. ) Schltr. in Fedde
[ 18 ]

ORCHIDACE

Rep. Beihefte 1 (1911) 98. Nephelaphyllum scapigerum Hook. f-
Bot. Mag. (1863) t. 5890.

Trnom, Gibbs 2884, January 1910. On hills above 2000 feet altitude in
high forest.

13. NEPHELAPHYLLUM Bi.
Six species referable to this genus have been recorded from
Borneo.

1. Nephelaphylium flabellatum A. & S. sp. nov. Herba ter-
restris, parva. Caulis e basi decumbenti adscendens vel flexuosus,
vaginis laxis papyraceis omnino obtectus. Radices paucae, ex in-
ternodiis orientes, densissime albo-lanuginosae, sulcatae. Folia
circiter tria, ovato-cordata, paulo obliqua, obtusa, mucronata, in
visu tenuia, quinquenervia, nervis majoribus subtus carinatis.
Rachis brevis, pauciflora. Bracteae patentes, conduplicatae, late
ovatae, acutae, papyraceae. Flos erecto-patens; labellum erec-
tum; sepala petalaque conniventia, decurvo-circinnata. Sepala
linearia, mucronata, uninervia. Petala lineari-lanceolata, apice
oblique rotundata et mucronata, trinervia. Labellum calcaratum,
flabelliforme; unguis cuneatus, plus minusve subito in laminam
dilatatus, sulcatus, basi in medio carnosus et pubescens; lamina
late flabellata marginibus undulatis, extensa paulo emarginata,
prope apicem in medio fasciculo papillarum verrucosarum or-
nata; calear subgloboso-cylindraceum, extus sulco cireumdatum,
intus constrictio carina notata. Gynostemium in parte superiore
praecipue latius alatum. Ovarium alis sex conspicuis praeditum.

Stem up to 10 cm. tall, ascending or flexuous from a decum-
bent, slightly thickened lower portion, entirely concealed by
loose, imbricating, papyraceous sheaths. Roots apparently sparse,
rising from the internodes, densely white lanuginose, longitudi-
nally sulcate, about 1.5 mm. thick, irregularly flexuous. Leaves

[ 19 ]

ORCHIDACE

three or more, very thin in dried material, +6 cm. long, 4 cm.
wide, ovate-cordate, with a shallow basal sinus, slightly oblique,
obtuse, mucronate, five-nerved with additional fainter nerves,
the mid-vein and prominent lateral nerves more or less carinate
beneath. Petioles sulcate, +1 cm. long. Rachis about 2 em. long,
zigzag, bearing few flowers, glabrous. Bracts in natural position
spreading and conduplicate, when expanded about 9 mm. long,

oa

7 mm. wide, broadly ovate, acute, papyraceous, three-nerved.
Flower spreading-erect, the lip erect, the sepals and petals con-
nivent and decurved-circinnate, about 1.6 cm. long from the base
of the spur to the apex of the lip. Sepals linear, obtuse, mucro-
nate, one-nerved. Lateral sepals about 1.1 cm. long, 1.7mm. broad.
Dorsal sepal about 1 cm. long, 2 mm. wide. Petals about 9.5 mm.
long, 2.8 mm. broad, linear-lanceolate, obliquely rounded and
mucronate, three-nerved. Lip spurred, flabelliform, 1.3 em. long,
1.1 cm. broad across the apex; claw cuneate, rather abruptly di-
lated into the limb, sulcate, at the base medianly papillose-thick-
ened and pubescent; limb flabellate, with undulate margins, when
spread out shallowly emarginate, provided, near the apex, in the
center with a cluster of verrucose papillae, those at the apical end
largest; spur subglobose-cylindric, about 4.5 mm. long, 3 mm.
broad, pubescent on the anterior wall near the base of the limb,
with a longitudinal groove extending along the dorsal surface
to the anterior wall, the course of this groove marked within
the spur by a thickened ridge. Column about 6 mm. long, rather
broadly winged especially above, with the apex obtusely triangu-
lar with shallow and irregular indentations. Ovary with six sharp
wings.

Clemens 263 A shows much smaller plants with leaves +4 cm.
long, 2.8 cm. wide, lip 1.1 cm. long, 8.3mm. broad at the apex, and

with the apical cluster of papillae arranged in three lines. There
[ 20 ]

ORCHIDACEA

is present also a depressed semi-globose, two-celled anther ex-
ternally provided with two parallel ridges terminating in spread-
ing horns. Pollinia ovoid, waxy, without apparent caudicles.

A near ally is Nephelaphyllum latilabre Ridl., which shows an
exactly reversed relative proportion of petals and sepals, much
broader lip and flat anther.

Maret Parser Spur, Clemens (Type), December 1915; Clemens 263 A,

November 1915.

2. Nephelaphyllum latilabre Rid/. in Stapf in Trans. Linn.
Soc. Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 238.

In the original description compared with N. pulchrum B1.,
from which it differs in the broad reniform end of the labellum,
which has three lines of small papillae in the middle that increase
in size toward the apex. Labellum pink veined with oblong
orange center.

Kinasau, Haviland 1165. 6500 feet altitude.

14. COELOGYNE Lindi.
At present over one hundred and thirty species are referred to
this genus. Twenty-eight species have been reported as natives of
Borneo, to which number nine new species and one new variety
are added in the following enumeration. Seventeen species and
one variety are now known to be natives of Mount Kinabalu.
1. Coelogyne amplissima 4. & S. sp. nov. Radices paucae,
flexuosae, glabrae. Pseudobulbi cylindracei, in sicco sulcati, mox
fibris solutis inclusi, monophylli. Folium oblongum, valde trun-
catum, obtusum, apice mucronatum. Inflorescentia synantha.
Racemus laxus, rachide glabrescenti. Flores plus minusve de-
cem. Sepala lateralia lanceolata, obtusa. Sepalum dorsale simile.
Petala linearia. Labellum trilobatum ; lobi laterales parvi, lineari-
oblongi, falcati, apice rotundati; lobus medius subquadratus,

[ 21 ]

ORCHIDACE

leviter retusus; discus bicarinatus. Gynostemium ad apicem ala-
tum; ala dentata.

Roots few, 2 mm. thick, fibrous, flexuous, glabrous. Pseudo-
bulbs 5.5 cm. long, 11 mm. in diameter at the base, narrowly
cylindric, dull yellowish and sulcate in dried specimens, invested
by the copious fibrous remains of sheaths, monophyllous. Leaf
up to 19 cm. long, 6 cm. wide at the middle, oblong, above
abruptly truncated and mucronate, below gradually contracted
into the long stout petiole, rigid, coriaceous, about nine-nerved,
mid-nerve prominent and rounded beneath. Inflorescence synan-
thous, somewhat shorter than the petioled leaf, in early growth
clothed up to the raceme with several closely imbricating sheaths.
Raceme lax, rachis glabrous. Flowers ten or less, expanding
simultaneously. Lateral sepals lanceolate, about 1.8 cm. long,
7mm. wide, narrowed to an obtuse point, concave at the base,
indistinctly seven-nerved, on the dorsal surface broadly carinate
along the mid-vein. Dorsal sepal 1.7 cm. long, 8 mm. wide, simi-
lar to the laterals, inconspicuously carinate along the median
nerve. Petals linear, 1.7 cm. long, 1 mm. wide. Labellum three-
lobed, +1.8 cm. long, 1.4 cm. wide across the middle, obovate
in outline; lateral lobes 5 mm. long, 1.8 mm. wide, linear-oblong,
falcate, obtuse; middle lobe unguiculate, the claw as long as the
lateral lobes, limb 9 mm. long, 1.4 cm. wide, subquadrate, broadly
retuse, bluntly and minutely apiculate; disc bicarinate. Column
1.2 cm. long, stout, toward the apex very broadly winged, the
terminal part of the wing truncate and sharply and irregularly
dentate.

Clemens 233 is a much more mature specimen than the type,
and is characterized by a tall suberect scape that bears flowers
with slightly but uniformly larger sepals and petals. Clemens 231
is intermediate in its vegetative parts between a plant of Clem-

[ 22 ]

ORCHIDACEAE

ens 80 and 233. Clemens 231 shows a smaller oblong-elliptic leaf
and a scape very slightly longer than the petiole.

Coelogyne amplissima is closely allied to C. sulphurea Reichb.
f., but is clearly distinguishable by its oblong, truncated leaves,
larger flowers, and truncate column wing.

Krav, Clemens SO (Type), November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower
salmon with a band of brown above. Marri Parei Spur, Clemens 231,
November 1915. Flower green tinged with cream ; Clemens 233, November
1915. Flower green with purple under lip.

2. Coelogyne Clemensii 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba robusta.
Radices crassae. Pseudobulbi pyriformes vel cylindracei, mono-
phylli. Folium lineari-oblongum vel oblongum, ad apicem basim-
que sensim angustatum, erectum, rigidum, valde plicatum. Peti-
olus longus, canaliculatus. Inflorescentia heterantha, perbrevis,
e basi decumbenti suberecta, ad rachidem vaginis imbricantibus
plus minusve obtecta. Rachis arcuata. Bracteae inflorescentiae
persistentes, ovatae vel obovato-oblongae, convolutae. Flores
simultanei, subcarnosi. Sepala lateralia elliptico-oblonga, valde
cymbiformia, apice cucullato complicato-mucronata. Sepalum
dorsale simile, apice rotundatum. Petala anguste elliptica, acuta.
Labellum in positu naturali gynostemium amplectens et ad me-
dium convolutum, deinde sensim dilatatum; expansum ovale,
indistincte trilobatum ; lobi laterales longitudinaliter semiorbic-
ulares, apice rotundati; lobus medius suborbicularis, plica magna
utrinque praeditus; carinae tres humiles e basi labelli fere ad
apicem decurrunt. Gynostemium gracile, rectum, apice ala lata
truncata instructum.

Plant stout. Rhizome woody. Roots numerous, stout, long,
fibrous, flexuous, +1.5 mm. in diameter. Pseudobulbs 4-5 em.
long, slender pyriform to cylindric, more or less oblique, mono-
phyllous, striate-sulcate in the dried specimen. Leaf about

[ 25 ]

ORCHIDACE

37-58 cm. long, 3.8—5.3 cm. wide, linear-oblong to oblong, grad-
ually narrowed to both ends with an abruptly acuminate apex,
erect, rigid, strongly plicate, coriaceous, many-nerved with about
seven nerves prominent beneath. Petiole about (8) 12-25 cm.
long, stout, subcylindric, deeply channeled, merging gradually
with the leaf blade. Inflorescence heteranthous. Peduncle short,
including the raceme up to 17.5 cm. long; the portion below
the raceme erect or suberect from a decumbent base and more or
less entirely clothed with triangular to lance-tubular imbricating
sheaths. Rachis loosely five- to seven-flowered, suberect or arcu-
ate, gently zigzag, usually subtended byan appressed sterile bract.
Bracts of the inflorescence persistent, about 2 cm. long, 1.2 em.
wide, apparently convolute and sheathing the pedicellate ovary,
spreading, somewhat reflexed in late development, ovate to ob-
ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, scarious, striate-nervose, the
lowermost bracts longer and narrower. Flowers simultaneous,
sub-fleshy; perianth segments somewhat spreading. Lateral
sepals about 1.6-1.8 cm. long, 8-9 mm. wide, elliptic-oblong,
strongly cymbiform, cucullate and complicate-mucronate at the
apex, about five-nerved. Dorsal sepal similar, a little shorter,
rounded at the apex, strongly concave. Petals about 1.5 cm. long,
6 mm. wide in the middle, narrowly elliptic, acute, about three-
nerved. Lip in natural position about 1.4 cm. long, tubular-con-
volute about the column for about half its length, then somewhat
reflexed with the lamina gradually spreading into the strongly
undulate deflexed anterior portion; lip when spread out oval,
about 1.75 cm. long, 1.1 cm. broad, saccate at the base, indis-
tinctly three-lobed above; lateral lobes longitudinally semi-or-
bicular, at the apex porrect, rounded, overlapping the middle
lobe; middle lobe when expanded suborbicular with a very large
fold in the middle of each margin, the apex broadly truncate and
[ 24 ]

ORCHIDACEA

more or less retuse-apiculate; three low simple approximate
fleshy keels run from the base of the lip nearly to the apex of
the middle lobe. Column about 1.3 cm. long, slender, straight,
winged throughout, with a very broadly truncate, simple ter-
minal wing. Anther hemispherical, papillate.

In respect to lip structure there are apparently no near allies
of this plant.

Maret Pare Spur, Clemens 227, November 1915. Flower white, very
fragrant.

Coelogyne Clemensii var. longiscapa A. & S. var. nov.
A specie, haec planta pseudobulbis brevioribus, petiolis breviori-
bus, foliis in visu crassis, scapo rigido longiore, petalis angusti-
oribus, differt.

From the type, the following points of difference are notice-
able. Pseudobulbs up to 3 em. long. Petiole up to 8 cm. long, but
generally shorter. Leaves apparently fleshy, lacking the very
prominent nerves of the species. Scape stout, rigid, clothed only
at the base with six or more tubular, imbricating sheaths. Pe-
duncle up to the inflorescence usually +16 cm. long,though rarely
as short as 8 cm. Rachis rigidly arcuate, subtended by one or more
tightly convolute bracts. Petals lanceolate, about 1.6 cm. long,
4.5 mm. broad. Lip apparently less reflexed in the middle, the
middle lobe obtusely narrowed.

This plant is so close to the species in general floral character,
and the vegetative differences appear so inconstant and easily
attributable to variations in environment, that varietal rank is
deemed sufficient.

Kinasawu, Haslam, July-August 1916.

3. Coelogyne compressicaulis 4. & S. sp. nov. Rhizoma in
visu lignosum. Pseudobulbi fusiformes vel anguste cylindracei,

diphylli. Folia lineari-oblonga, acuta, mucronata, in petiolum
[ 25 ]

ORCHIDACEA

angustata, coriacea, supra nitentia, subtus nervis conspicuis quin-
que ornata. Inflorescentia hysterantha. Pedunculus usque ad in-
florescentiam valde compressus, anguste alatus, rigidus, nitens.
Rachis subflexuosa, internodiis floralibus perbrevibus irregulari-
bus. Bracteae plerumque deciduae, sed in summa rachidis per-
paucae, erectae, imbricatae manent. Flos in siceo membranaceus.
Sepala lateralia anguste lanceolata, acuminata, cymbiformia, mu-
cronata, basi gibboso-saccata, carinata. Sepalum dorsale simile,
paulo brevius atque latius. Petala anguste linearia, apice obli-
quissime bidentata. Labellum trilobatum, in circuitu ovato-ob-
longum; lobi laterales erecti, oblongo-semiorbiculares ; lobus me-
dius ex ungue lato in laminam suborbicularem subito dilatatus,
marginibus undulatis; carinae tres e basi exoriuntur, quorum
laterales ad medium lobi medii extendunt; carina media humi-
lior ad basim lobi medii decurrit, e quo linea crassa per lobum
medium ad apicem extendit. Gynostemium arcuatum, in parte
superiore praesertim late alatum. Clinandrium conspicuum,
ovato-triangulare. Rostellum parvum, leviter retusum.
Rhizome thick, woody. Pseudobulbs about 6.5 cm. long,
1.1 cm. broad below, fusiform or narrowly cylindric, diphyllous,
dull, yellow-green in dried specimens. Leaves very variable in
size, about 20 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, rising suboppositely from
the summit of the pseudobulb, linear-oblong, gently narrowed to
each end, acute, mucronate from the extended mid-vein, below
complicate-narrowed into a petiole, coriaceous, shining above,
dull beneath, with five nerves, especially the mid-nerve, prom-
inent beneath. Petiole 3-4 cm. long, winged. Inflorescence hys-
teranthous. Peduncle up to the raceme about 20.5 em. long,
4 mm. wide, strongly laterally flattened and narrowly winged,
rigid, shining, yellow. Rachis about 6.5 cm. long, slightly flex-
uous, strongly zigzag, angled, thicker, narrower, and less com-
[ 26 ]

ORCHIDACEAE

pressed than the stem. Bracts of the inflorescence mostly decidu-
ous, but several at the tip of the rachis persistent, erect, about
1.7 cm. long, lanceolate, apparently conduplicate, dull, thinnish.
Flower membranaceous in the dried plant. Lateral sepals nearly
2 cm. long, 5.5 mm. wide near the base, narrowly lanceolate, acu-
minate, mucronate, cymbiform, gibbous-saccate at the base, five-
nerved, dorsally strongly keeled especially at the apex. Dorsal
sepal similar, 1.85 cm. long, 6.5 mm. wide near the base, dorsal
keel evanescent, but at the apex formed into a backward pointing
mucro. Petals about 1.6 cm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at the base, nar-
rowly linear, very unequally and sharply bidentate at the apex,
one-nerved. Lip about 1.5 cm. long, in outline ovate-oblong,
three-lobed; hypochil about 1.1 em. long, 1 em. broad when ex-
panded; lateral lobes erect, oblong semi-orbicular, with the free
portion about 1.5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. broad; middle lobe about
9 mm. long, 8.5 mm. broad, from a short broad claw abruptly
dilated into the nearly orbicular epichil, slightly retuse and
broadly obtuse apiculate, undulate on the margins, somewhat
thickened on the lateral nerves; three low, fleshy, simple keels run
from the base of the lip, the lateral keels about to the center of
the middle lobe, the lower central keel only through the hypochil
but continued as a thickened ridge through the middle lobe or
epichil where it meets the converging continuations of the lat-
eral keels. Column about 11.5 mm. long, arcuate, subequal to the
hypochil, prominently winged especially above; apex truncate,
shallowly toothed. Clinandrium prominent, ovate-triangular.
Rostellum thick, very shallowly indented.

In addition to the type material there are other collections
of this species made by Clemens that show striking variability
in habit, some of them having clusters of imbricating bracts
on the rachis. The large collection by Haslam closely simulates

[ 27 ]

ORCHIDACEH

the type, although showing great variability in vegetative char-
acters.

An imperfect dwarf plant is present with Clemens’ unnum-
bered material.

This species is to be classed with Kranzlin’s section Longifo-
liae, showing close relationship with Coelogyne tumida J. J. Sm.,
C. modesta J. J. Sm., C. carinata Rolfe, and C. longifolia (B1.)
Lindl. C. tumida has longer, laxer scapes and smaller flowers.
C. compressicaulis differs from C. modesta in having a flattened
scape, larger flowers, and different rostellum. From C. carinata
Rolfe, it differs in possessing a strict scape and different side lobes
of the lip. C. longifolia lacks the compressed scape and promi-
nent side lobes of the lip, which are characteristic of C. compres-
sicaulis. C. Merrillii Ames, from the Philippines, has a shorter
scape and much smaller flowers, while C. chloroptera Reichb. f.
has a flower rather similar in structure to this species.

Krinasau, Clemens(Type), November 1915; Haslam, July-August 1916.
Lozone Cave, Clemens 122, November 1915. 5000 feet altitude. Flower
purplish-pink. Lozone, Clemens 217, November 1915. Flower dark salmon.
Losone Gorce, Clemens 293, November 1915.

4. Coelogyne Dayana Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. II, 21
(1884) 826.

Krvazarv, Haslam, July-August 1916. Koune, Gibbs 4339, February
1910. Secondary forest, 1000 feet altitude.

5. Coelogyne exalata Fidl. in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soe.
No. 49 (1908) 29.

Paxxa, Gibbs 4215, February 1910. 9000 feet altitude. Terrestrial in
open scrub, abundant under Leptospermum.

6. Coelogyne genuflexa 4. & S. sp. nov. Rhizoma crassum,
lignosum. Radices plus minusve numerosae, longae, fibrosae.
Pseudobulbi in sicco anguste cylindracei, diphylli, sulcati. Folia

oblongo-elliptica, apice rotundata, basi cuneata, coriacea, nervis
[ 28 }

ORCHIDACE

nonnullis, conspicuis supra et subtus ornata. Petiolus distinctus.
Inflorescentia synantha. Pedunculus vaginis nonnullis, distichis,
imbricantibus in parte inferiore vestitus, usque ad inflorescentiam
nudus, gracilis, lepidotus. Rachis arcuata, lepidota, bracteis paucis
imbricantibus infundibuliformibus sterilibus subtenta. Bracteae
rotundato-ovatae, apice late rotundatae, rigidae, nervosae, persis-
tentes, reflexae. Sepala basi reflexo-saccata praedita. Sepala later-
alia lanceolata, cymbiformia, valde carinata, obtusa, mucronata.
Sepalum dorsale simile, apice late obtusum, carina conspicua
prope basim solum ornatum. Petala anguste linearia, e basi sen-
sim acuminata, uninervia. Labellum in circuitu lanceolatum,
in hypochilium et epichilium conspicue divisum; hypochilium
gynostemio parallelum, quadrangulare, marginibus anterioribus
praeter in medio truncatis revolutis incrassatis; epichilium ob-
lanceolatum, prope apicem subito acuminatum vel acutum, tri-
nervium. Gynostemium arcuatum, basi tuberculatum, in parte
superiore late alatum; ala trilobata.

Rhizome thick and woody. Roots rather numerous, long, flex-
uous, fibrous, very sparsely branching, finely papillose, +1.5 mm.
thick. Pseudobulb about 6 cm. long, 5 mm. wide the entire length
(when dry and split), diphyllous, narrowly cylindric, coarsely sul-
cate, dull, yellow-greenish. Leaves about 11 cm. long, 2.5 cm.
wide in the middle, oblong-elliptic, rounded at the apex, cuneate
at the base, coriaceous, with three to five nerves prominent on
both surfaces, especially the mid-rib. Petiole well defined, about
4 cm. long. Flower shoot synanthous. Peduncle up to the inflo-
rescence about 10 cm. tall, clothed for more than half the distance
from the base with about nine distichously imbricating, triangu-
lar-lanceolate, nervose sheaths, above naked, slender, lepidote.
Rachis arcuate, about 8.5 cm. long, zigzag, lepidote, subtended
by three or four tightly imbricating, infundibuliform, sterile

[ 29 ]

ORCHIDACEHZ

bracts; floral internodes about 6 mm. long. Bracts about 11 mm.
long, 8 mm. wide, round-ovate, broadly rounded above, rigid-ner-
vose, surpassing the pedicellate ovary, reflexed, persistent. Sepals
with a broad, refiexed-saccate, more or less lepidote base. Lateral
sepals about 1 cm. long, 3.8 mm. wide, lanceolate, cymbiform or
conduplicate, strongly carinate, obtuse, mucronate. Dorsal sepal
very similar, apex broadly obtuse, prominently keeled only near
the base. Petals about 1 cm. long, 1 mm. broad below, narrowly
linear, gradually acuminate from the base, one-nerved. Lip about
1 cm. long, in outline lanceolate, sharply divided into a hypochil
and epichil; hypochil about 5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, parallel with
the arcuate column, quadrangular, with sharply truncated ante-
rior margins that are revolute and thickened on either side of a
central cleavage; epichil about 5.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide above
the middle, oblanceolate, abruptly acuminate near the apex, in-
distinctly three-nerved. Column about 8 mm. long, arcuate, tu-
bercled at the base, broadly winged above, the apex shallowly tri-
lobed with a minute lobule on either side of the central lobe.

Clemens 207 has a much longer raceme of about 30 cm., and
little smaller, apparently less mature flowers than the type. A
rachis of about 40 em. is shown in Clemens 200 A.

This species is remotely allied to Coelogyne flavida W all., but
varies in its much smaller leaves with different venation and in
the structure of the lip.

Maret Paret Spur, Clemens 251 (Type), November 1915. Flower brown.
Paxka, Clemens 207, November 1915. Flower brown, yellow, purple; Clem-
ens 200 A, November 1915.

7. Coelogyne kinabaluensis 4. & S. sp. nov. Rhizoma re-
pens, magnum, lignosum. Radices crassae, multae. Pseudobulbi in
sicco angustissime cylindracei, cauliformes, diphylli, basi vaginis
paucis evanidis vestiti. Folia anguste elliptica, ad apicem basim-

[ 30 |

ORCHIDACE

que angustata, acuminata, coriacea, supra nitentia, subtus usque
ad novem nervis praedita. Petiolus brevis, indistinctus. Inflores-
centia hysterantha. Pedunculus folia multo excedens, erectus,
rigidus. Rachis erecta, rigida. Bracteae plerumque deciduae; brac-
tea terminalis erecta, rigida, tubulata, convoluta. Flores succe-
danei, magni, spectabiles, glabri. Sepala basi gibboso-saccata.
Sepala lateralia oblongo-lanceolata, cymbiformia, longe acumi-
nata, complicato-mucronata, paulo falcata, carinata. Sepalum
dorsale lanceolatum, leviter complicato-mucronatum, ecarina-
tum. Petala angustissime linearia, acuta. Labellum in circuitu
ovatum, trilobatum; lobi laterales erecti, medium labelli paulo
excedentes, parte libera oblongo-rotundata; lobus medius lanceo-
lato-ovatus, apice rotundatus, plus minusve mucronatus, mar-
ginibus lateralibus revolutis, parte laterali papillis approximatis
parallelis ornata; carinae duae, altae, simplices ad partem anteri-
orem lobi medii extendunt; carina brevissima similis inter later-
ales interposita, e basi fere ad medium hypochilii decurrit. Gyno-
stemium lobis lateralibus subaequale, arcuatum, e parte inferiore
sensim alatum; ala rotundato-truncata.

Rhizome thick, woody, creeping, +8 mm. in diameter. Roots
stout, rather numerous, subsimple, up to 3 mm. in diameter near
the rhizome. Pseudobulbs 20-28 cm. long, 5-8.5 mm. wide a
little above the base where broadest, very narrowly cylindric and
stem-like, diphyllous, clothed at the base with one or two linear
or oblong, thin, evanescent sheaths. Leaves about 18 cm. long,
5.5 cm. wide, subopposite, narrowly elliptic, from the middle
narrowed to both ends, sharply acuminate, coriaceous, shining
above, many-nerved, with five to nine nerves prominent beneath.
Petiole short, indistinct, about 2.2 cm. long. Inflorescence hys-
teranthous. Peduncle rising between the leaves, rigid, erect, por-
tion below the inflorescence 8.5-16 cm. long. Rachis 8-13.5 cm.

[ 31 ]

ORCHIDACE

long, erect, rigid, zigzag, with the floral internodes +1 em. long.
Bracts deciduous except for the apical one; terminal bract about
4.5 cm. long, erect, rigid, apparently lance-linear, convolute, thick.
Flowers expanding in succession, large,showy, glabrous through-
out. Sepals more or less gibbous-saccate at the base. Lateral
sepals about 4 cm. long, 1.25 cm. wide near the base where broad-
est, oblong-lanceolate, long acuminate to a complicate-mucronate
apex, slightly faleate, cymbiform, carinate. Dorsal sepal about
4.3 cm. long and 1.45 cm. wide, lanceolate, slightly complicate-
mucronate, ecarinate. Petals about 3.8 cm. long, 1.75 mm. wide
at the base, very narrowly linear, abruptly acute, the lower por-
tion three-nerved, the upper part one-nerved. Lip about 3.5 cm.
long, 2.15 cm. broad across the side lobes, ovate in outline,
deeply trilobed; lateral lobes erect, slightly exceeding one-half
of the lip, free portion about 7 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, oblong-
rotundate, overlapping and concealing the narrow sinus; middle
lobe lance-ovate, about 2.25 cm. long, 1.35 cm. broad, rounded at
the apex with a broadly obtuse mucro, lateral margins revolute
throughout, the lateral zone covered with approximate, parallel,
irregular, papillose ridges; two thin, flat, simple keels about
2 mm. in height run through a distance about three-fifths the
length of the middle lobe, and a very short similar keel, inter-
posed between the lateral keels, extends from the base nearly to
the middle of the hypochil. Column subequal to the lateral lobes
of the lip, arcuate, from below the middle gradually dilated into
a wing which is rounded-truncate above.

The lip in Clemens 369 shows a much more prominent mucro
than the type.

This species is a near relative of Coelogyne cuprea Wendl.
& Krinzl., but differs markedly in the tall narrow pseudobulb, in
the size and proportion of the floral segments, and in the char-

[ 32 ]

ORCHIDACE

acter of the middle lobe. The pseudobulb is not unlike that of
C. rhizomatosa J. J. Sm.

Kinasatu, Clemens, November-December 1915; Haslam, July-August
1916. Maret Parer Spur, Clemens 229 (Type), November 1915. Flower
pink and salmon; Clemens 369, December 1915. Flower salmon: “easily
drops;” Clemens 236, November 1915. Plant brownish purple. Krav, Clem-
ens 29, November 1915; Clemens 161, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude.
Flower salmon. Losone Cave, Clemens 105, November 1915. 5000 feet al-
titude. Flower purple.

8. Coelogyne longibulbosa 4. & S. sp. nov. Rhizoma cras-
sum, lignosum, teres, vaginis lanceolato-ovatis adpressis imbri-
cantibus vestitum. Radices in fasciculis aggregatae, crassae, rigi-
dae, fibrosae. Pseudobulbi angustissime cylindracei, cauliformes,
diphylli. Folia oblongo-elliptica, ad apicem basimque sensim an-
gustata, acuminata, multinervia, nervis usque ad novem subtus
prominentibus, chartacea. Petiolus indistinctus. Inflorescentia
synantha. Pedunculus pseudobulbo approximatus, adscendens,
usque ad rachidem vaginis ovatis vel lanceolatis imbricantibus
vestitus. Rachis gracilis, arcuata vel reflexa, laxiflora. Bracteae
plus minusve persistentes, ovatae, rigidae, nervosae, in visu con-
volutae. Flores simultanei, glabri; sepala basi concavo-saccata.
Sepala lateralia oblongo-lanceolata, cymbiformia, carinata, apice
complicato-acuta. Sepalum dorsale simile, concavum, ecarina-
tum. Petala anguste linearia, prope basim paulo latiora, deinde
sensim angustata, apice acuta, uninervia. Labellum in circuitu
suborbiculare, trilobatum; lobi laterales late semiobcordati; lobus
medius e basi sessili suborbicularis, leviter retusus, apiculatus;
carinae duae latae crassae simplices e loco prope basim usque ad
partem anteriorem lobi medii extendunt; carina similis brevior
utrinque e sinu ad medium lobi medii decurrit. Gynostemium
arcuatum, lobis lateralibus paulo brevius, latissime alatum; ala
trilobata.

[ 33 ]

ORCHIDACEH

Rhizome +8 mm. thick, woody, terete, closely invested by thin
lance-ovate imbricating sheaths. Roots in separate clusters,
+2 mm. thick, stout, rigid, fibrous, flexuous, sparsely branching,
closely brown lanuginose. Pseudobulbs +19 cm. long, 5mm. broad
at the base but slightly narrower at the apex, very narrowly cy-
lindric, stem-like, diphyllous, in dried specimens apparently dull
yellowish-green. Leaves about 25 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, oblong-
elliptic, gradually narrowed to each end, acuminate, many-nerved,
chartaceous, with seven to nine nerves prominent beneath. Peti-
ole indistinct, 2-3 em. long. Inflorescence synanthous. Peduncle
springing from the rhizome at the base of the pseudobulb, up to
37 cm. long; part below the rachis ascending, clothed throughout
with imbricating ovate to lanceolate thick sheaths with a pair of
young leaves emerging at the apex. Rachis slender, irregularly
arcuate-reflexed, loosely flowered, glabrous; floral internodes
about 1.1 cm. or more long. Bracts about 1.6 cm. long, 1 cm.
wide, more or less persistent, ovate, obtuse, rigid, nervose, ap-
parently somewhat convolute. Flowers simultaneous, glabrous.
Sepals concave-saccate at base. Lateral sepals about 1.6 cm.
long, 6.5 mm. wide, oblong-lanceolate, cymbiform, carinate, apex
complicate-acute, indistinctly seven-nerved. Dorsal sepal very
similar, concave, ecarinate. Petals about 1.6 cm. long, 2.1 mm.
broad near the base, narrowly linear, slightly widened above the
base and then gradually narrowed, with an acute apex, promi-
nently one-nerved. Lip in outline suborbicular, trilobed, +1.4 cm.
long and subequally broad; lateral lobes broadly semi-obcordate,
rounded at the apex; middle lobe suborbicular from a sessile base,
shallowly retuse and bluntly apiculate; two broad simple fleshy
keels extend from near the base of the lip to the anterior third of
the middle lobe; on each side parallel to the central keels there is
a similar shorter keel which arises near the sinus of the side lobes.

[ 34 ]

ORCHIDACEA

Column about 1 cm. long, arcuate, a little shorter than the side
lobes of the lip, very broadly winged above, the wing trilobed,
with the mid-lobe truncate-retuse. Pedicellate ovary slender,
about 1.3 cm. long.

This species is apparently without near allies. In general ap-
pearance, it is not unlike Coelogyne Dayana Reichb. f., but has
very different pseudobulbs, far shorter scape, smaller flowers, and
dissimilar markings on the lip. C. pulverula Teijsm. & Binn. has
similar pseudobulbs, but larger flowers and very different label-
lum.

Krav, Clemens 79 (Type), November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower
white, yellow inside; Clemens 78, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude.
Flower cream, yellow petals; Clemens 175, November 1915. 3000 feet
altitude. Flower white with yellow on under parts.

g. Coelogyne lurida (L. Linden & Cogn.) A. & S. comb. nov.
Chelonanthera lurida L. Linden & Cogn. in Lindenia 11 (1895)
80; 12 (1896) 33, t. 532. Chelonistele lurida (L. Linden & Cogn.)
Pfitz. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV, 50. II. B. 7 (1907) 138.

Maret Parer Spur, Gibbs 4095, February 1910. 7000 feet altitude.
Epiphyte in mossy forest. Flowers brown.

10. Coelogyne papillosa Ridl. in Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Ser. 2,4 (1894) 238.

The stiff tall scape, with a few flowers at the apex, the short
papillose lip and the large bracts are distinguishing characteristics
of this species. The Clemens and Haslam specimens differ from
the type in having more flowers (twelve instead of six), in the rel-
ative width of sepals and petals, and in the shorter pseudobulbs.

Kinazav, Haslam, July-August 1916; Haviland 1098. 8000-10,000
feet altitude. Paxxa, Clemens 199, November 1915. +9500 feet altitude.
Flower yellow and white.

11. Coelogyne plicatissima 4. & S. sp. nov. Rhizoma cras-
sum, lignosum, vaginis imbricantibus dense vestitum. Radices

[ 35 |

ORCHIDACE

paucae, fibrosae, ramosae, rigidae, crassae. Pseudobulbus fusi-
formi-cylindraceus vel late pyriformis, monophyllus, in visu ru-
gosus, fibris vaginarum cinctus. Folium lineare vel oblongo-
ellipticum, ad apicem basimque sensim angustatum, complicato-
mucronatum, valdissime plicatum, rigidum, coriaceum. Petio-
lus cylindraceus, crassus. Inflorescentia heterantha. Pedunculus
pseudobulbo approximatus, e basi decumbenti suberectus vel
arcuatus, omnino glaber, vaginis nonnullis imbricantibus basim
versus. Rachis arcuata vel nutans, bracteis imbricantibus una
vel duabus sustenta. Racemus laxus, distichus. Bracteae inflo-
rescentiae variabiles, in visu convolutae, ovarium pedicellatum
amplectentes et superantes, oblongo-ovatae, rigidae, nervosae.
Perianthium subcrassum. Sepala quinquenervia. Sepala lateralia
lanceolato-oblonga, acuta, dorso carinata, leviter cymbiformia.
Sepalum dorsale simile. Petala anguste elliptica, subacuta aut
obtusa aut subtruncata, basi trinervia. Labellum in positu natu-
rali fere ad medium convolutum, expansum late lanceolatum,
parte anteriore incrassata obtusa; lamina prope basim leviter
reflexa, marginibus utrisque circa parte tertia ab apice subemar-
ginatis; carinae tres humiles simplices e basi ad apicem decur-
runt. Gynostemium breve, basi labelli cireumdatum, ala magna
apicali truncata praeditum.

Rhizome stout, woody, closely invested by imbricating
sheaths that become fibrous. Roots up to 2 mm. thick, appar-
ently few, stout, fibrous, flexuous, freely branched, rigid, gla-
brous. Pseudobulb +2.5 cm. long, fusiform-cylindric to broadly
pyriform, monophyllous, more or less oblique, rugose in the
dried plant, invested by the fibrous remnants of sheaths. Leaf
+21.4 cm. long, 2.14 cm. broad, linear, oblong-linear or oblong-
elliptic, gradually narrowed to a distinct complicate-mucronate
apex, similarly narrowed to a complicate base, very strongly

[ 36 ]

ORCHIDACE

plicate, rigid, erect, coriaceous. Petiole +6.2 cm. long, cylin-
dric, stout, suleate. Inflorescence heteranthous. Peduncle about
24 cm. tall, approximate to the pseudobulb, suberect to arcu-
ate from a decumbent base, glabrous throughout, clothed below
with several ovate to lanceolate imbricating sheaths. Rachis +8
em. long, loosely few-flowered, arcuate or nodding, more or less
zigzag, subtended by one or two strongly convolute or tubular
bracts. Floral bracts about 2 em. long, 1.15 cm. broad, variable
in size, oblong-ovate, apparently convolute about the ovary,
equaling or surpassing the pedicellate ovary, scarious, rigid-ner-
vose. Perianth sub-fleshy. Sepals five-nerved. Lateral sepals
+1.78 cm. long, 5.9 mm. broad, lance-oblong, acute, dorsally car-
inate, shallowly cymbiform. Dorsal sepal +1.6 cm. long, 5.8 mm.
wide, similar. Petals +1.388 cm. long, 4.9 mm. broad, narrowly
elliptic, subacute, obtuse or subtruncate, three-nerved at the
base. Lip about 1.7 cm. long, 9 mm. broad near the base, in nat-
ural position convolute for about half its length, when extended
broadly lanceolate, anterior portion fleshy-thickened, obtuse;
lamina slightly reflexed near the base, at about one-third the dis-
tance from the apex lightly emarginate on each side; three ap-
proximate low simple fleshy keels run from the base to the apex.
Column short, surrounded by the tube of the lip, about 6 mm.
long or including the wing about 8.5 mm. long; wing clavate,
very broad at the truncate, entire apex.

This plant appears to be very closely allied to Coelogyne
Clemensi var. longiscapa A. & S., but differs in its smaller, ap-
parently less fleshy leaves and markedly smaller flowers. The mid-
lobe of the lip, however, occasionally shows the shallow side lob-
ing so characteristic of Coelogyne Clemensit A. & S. The material
collected by Haslam cited below shows slightly taller peduncles
than the type, the longest peduncle reaching 21.8 cm. in length.

[ 87 ]

ORCHIDACE

The group of species formed by Coelogyne Clemensii A. & S..,
C. Clemensii var. longiscapa A. & S., C. plicatissima A. & S., C. ri-
gidiformis A. &S., and C. subintegra J. J. Sm. shows great vari-
ability and interrelationship and should be carefully studied in
connection with other similar Bornean material.

Kinasatu, Haslam, July-August 1916. Paxxa, Clemens 204 (Type),

November 1915. 5000—10,000 feet altitude. Flowers brown and cream.

12. Coelogyne radioferens A. & S. sp. nov. Radices in visu
paucae, rigidae. Rhizoma crassum, lignosum, vaginis mox in
fibras solutis vestitum. Pseudobulbus diphyllus, in sicco anguste
cylindraceus, obliquus, sulcatus. Folia linearia vel oblongo-linea-
ria, longe acuminata, ad basim sensim angustata, plus minusve
plicata, nervis quinque fere aequalibus subtus conspicuis prae-
cipue ornata. Petiolus sulcatus. Inflorescentia synantha. Pedun-
culus pseudobulbo approximatus, e basi decumbenti, primum
adscendens deinde arcuato-flexuosus, usque ad inflorescentiam
vaginis ovatis vel anguste lanceolatis tubulatis imbricantibus
fere vel omnino vestitus. Rachis flexuoso-arcuata, subglabra.
Bracteae persistentes, ovato-oblongae, late rotundatae, paulo
acutae, scariosae, rigidae, nervosae, tarde patentes vel reflexae.
Ovarium valde lepidotum. Flores magni, spectabiles, usque ad
quindecim, simultanei, distichi, patentes. Sepala lateralia lineari-
oblonga, carinata, sulcata, plus minusve obliqua apice rotundato
acuto praecipue. Sepalum dorsale anguste lanceolato-oblongum,
ad apicem truncatum angustatum, plus minusve carinatum. Pe-
tala linearia, apice paulo obliquo saepe truncato rotundata, ner-
vis tribus vel quinque. Labellum expansum in circuitu obovatum,
prope apicem trilobatum; lobi laterales late semiobcordati, mar-
ginibus apicalibus eroso-crenulatis; lobus medius transverse ob-
longus vel reniformis, retusus, apiculatus, marginibus erosulis, in
medio subito atque valde papilloso-convexus, papillis verrucosis

[ 38 |

ORCHIDACE

multis ad margines radiorum instar patentibus. Carinae duae
longae humiles papillis digitatis permultis e basi labelli ad lobum
medium decurrunt; utrinque in basi carinula similis perbrevis.
Gynostemium clavatum, arcuatum, in parte superiore alatum;
ala rotundata, obtuse dentata. Rostellum parvum, reflexum.
Clinandrium conspicuum, ovatum, reflexum.

Roots few, stout, rigid, about 3 mm. thick, densely clothed
with brown tomentum. Rhizome stout, woody, clothed with
sheaths that become fibrous. Pseudobulb in dried specimens
+6 cm. long, 1.4 cm. wide at the base, diphyllous, slender cylin-
dric, oblique, sulcate, brownish-yellow. Leaves up to 31 cm. long,
2.7 cm. broad, linear to oblong-linear, long acuminate, gradually
narrowed below, more or less plicate, prominently and about
equally five-nerved, the nerves especially conspicuous beneath.
Petiole up to 8 cm. long, sulcate. Inflorescence synanthous. Pe-
duncle approximate to the pseudobulb, from a decumbent base
first ascending then arcuate-flexuous; portion up to the inflores-
cence +12 cm. tall, nearly or quite invested by loosely imbricating
ovate to narrowly lanceolate tubular sheaths. Rachis up to 20 cm.
long, flexuous-arcuate, subglabrous. Bracts +3 cm. long, 1.7 cm.
broad, persistent, ovate-oblong, broadly rounded, acute, scarious,
rigidly nervose, shorter than or surpassing the pedicellate ovary,
in development spreading-reflexed, more or less concave. Pe-
dicellate ovary 2 cm. or more long, the ovary closely lepidote.
Flowers about 6 cm. across when spread out, up to fifteen, si-
multaneous, 1.2—1.5 cm. distant, distichously spreading, showy.
Sepals somewhat concave at the base, seven- to nine-nerved.
Lateral sepals about 3.2 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, linear-oblong,
more or less oblique especially at the rounded acute apex, cari-
nate, sulcate. Dorsal sepal +3.2 em. long, 9.5 mm. broad, narrowly
lance-obiong, narrowed to a truncated apex, somewhat carinate.

[ 39 ]

ORCHIDACE

Petals about 3.1 cm. long, 5.5 mm. broad, linear, rounded at the
slightly oblique, often truncated, irregular apex, three- to five-
nerved. Lip three-lobed at about four-fifths the distance from
the base, obovate in outline when spread out, about 3 cm. long,
2.3 cm. broad across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes broadly semi-
obcordate, irregularly erose-crenulate on the apical margin; mid-
dle lobe transversely oblong or reniform, erosulate, retuse, apicu-
late, abruptly and strongly convex in the center due to the con-
verging of two papillose keels which are greatly reinforced by
approximate verrucose ridges starting from the lateral sinuses,
and by verrucose papillae which spread radially toward the mar-
gins. Two long low slender keels crowded with digitate papillae
run from the base of the lip to the apical lobe, where they con-
verge; a similar but very short keel on either side at the base. Col-
umn about 1.7 cm. long, arcuate, clavate in outline because of
the rather broad wing, with the apex broadly rounded and irreg-
ularly blunt-toothed. Rostellum very small, refiexed. Clinan-
drium prominent, ovate, reflexed, with revolute margins.

This plant is very distinctive and showy and is a rather near
ally of Coelogyne Dayana Reichb. f. It differs, however, in the
short scape, much larger flowers, and more papillose mid-lobe.
(PLATE 81.)

Kinanaru, Haslam, July-August 1916. Paxxa, Clemens 200 (Type),

November 1915. Flower white and yellow.

13. Coelogyne rigidiformis 4.& S. sp. nov. Rhizoma cras-
sum, lignosum. Radices numerosae, fibrosae, ramosae, crassae.
Pseudobulbi cylindracei vel anguste pyriformes, monophylli. Fo-
lium oblongo-lineare, ad apicem basimque angustatum, compli-
cato-mucronatum, valde plicatum, rigidum, erectum, coriaceum.
Petiolus cylindraceus. Inflorescentia heterantha. Pedunculus
erecto-patens, vaginis nonnullis imbricantibus circa pro parte

[ 40 ]

ORCHIDACE

tertia vestitus. Rachis arcuata vel flexuosa, bracteis nonnullis
adpressis imbricantibus sustenta. Racemus laxus, pauciflorus.
Bracteae inflorescentiae ovato-lanceolatae, acuminatae, convo-
lutae, ovaria pedicellata multo superantes, nervosae. Sepala
lateralia lineari-oblanceolata, acuta, plus minusve obtuse cymbi-
formia. Sepalum dorsale simile, paulo angustius, obtusum. Petala
linearia obtusa vel oblique subtruncata, prope apicem levissime
obliqua. Labellum in positu naturali tubulari-involutum et
gynostemium amplectens, simplex, anguste ellipticum. Carinae
tres, carina media fere ad apicem extensa. Gynostemium gracile,
strictum, apice late alatum; ala apicalis crenato-undulata.
Rhizome apparently stout, woody. Roots numerous, fibrous,
thick, much branched, generally glabrous, +1.5 mm. thick.
Pseudobulbs clothed with the fibrous remnants of sheaths, about
3-4 cm. long, apparently cylindric to narrowly pyriform, mono-
phyllous, somewhat oblique, striate-sulcate, light yellowish in
the dried plant. Leaf 20—28.5 cm. long, 1.8—2.3 cm. wide, oblong-
linear, gradually narrowed to a complicate-mucronate apex, sim-
ilarly narrowed to the complicate base, strongly plicate, rigid,
erect, coriaceous. Petiole 5.5-7.5 cm. long, cylindric. Inflores-
cence heteranthous. Peduncle approximate to the pseudobulb,
decumbent at the base, glabrous throughout; below the inflo-
rescence 9.4-21 cm. long, spreading-erect, clothed for about
one-half its length with a series of ovate to narrowly lanceolate
tubular imbricating sheaths. Rachis up to 12 cm. long, arcuate
or flexuous, loosely few-flowered, subtended by several lanceo-
late appressed imbricating bracts which are up to 3.8 cm. long.
Floral bracts and floral segments extremely variable in size, the
former +2.5 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, strongly con-
volute, scarious, nervose, far exceeding the pedicellate ovaries.
Sepals concave, slightly thickened near the apex. Lateral sepals

[ 41 ]

ORCHIDACE

+2.16 em. long, 5.2 mm. broad, linear-oblanceolate, acute, more
or less obtusely cymbiform, indistinctly five-nerved. Dorsal sepal
+2.1 em. long, 4.77 mm. broad, similar, obtuse, indistinctly five-
nerved. Petals +1.97 cm. long, 3.4 mm. wide, linear, obtuse or
unequally subtruncate, very slightly oblique toward the apex,
three-nerved at the base. Lip +2.2 cm. long, 7.6 mm. broad when
spread out, in natural position tubular-involute for two-thirds
of its length, enwrapping the column, when extended narrowly
elliptic, at about one-third the distance from the apex slightly
emarginate on each side, thence narrowed to an obtuse, slightly
thickened apex. Three approximate low simple keels run from
the base to the mid-lobe, the median keel extending almost to
the apex. Column slender, about 1.4 cm. long, broadly winged
at the apex, wing crenate-undulate.

This plant is very closely allied to Coelogyne subintegra J. J.
Sm., but the vegetative differences are marked. Florally the two
plants are especially near, but C. swbintegra has slightly but con-
sistently shorter, broader perianth segments. The rigid habit,
plicate leaves and column wing of C. rigidiformis are markedly
different from the Philippine C. zntegerrima Ames.

Krav, Clemens 71, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower greenish
with purple end on column.

14. Coelogyne Rochussenii De Vriese Ill. Orch. Ind. Ori-
ent. Néerl. (1854) t. 2; t. 11, f. 6.

K1au, Clemens 174, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flowers yellow,
the labellum yellow with brown stripes, column white.

15. Coelogyne Sanderiana Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. ITI, 1
(1887) 764.

Krav, on bridle path to Koung, Gibbs 3971, February 1910. 2500 feet
altitude. Terrestrial in jungle. Flowers white, with the dise of the lip
yellow, streaked with brown, fragrant.

[ 42 ]

ORCHIDACE

16. Coelogyne sulphurea (Bl.) Reichb. f. in Bonplandia 5
(1857) 43. Chelonanthera sulphurea B/. Bijdr. (1825) 3838.

Maret Paret Spur, Clemens 239, November 1915. Flowers yellow. Kiau,
Clemens 375, December 1915. Flower cream color.

17. Coelogyne venusta Rolfe in Gard. Chron. III, 25 (1904)
259.

Kiav, Clemens 28 and 30, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower
whitish; Clemens 131, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower cream
color with purple tips; Clemens 142, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude.
Flower salmon-pink with yellow stripes on the labellum; Clemens 316,
November 1915. Flower white and yellow; Clemens 341, November 1915.
Flower cream; Clemens 357, November 1915. Flower cream and yellow.
Maret Parser Spur, Clemens 294, November 1915. Flower dark brown-
yellow and brown; Clemens 299, November 1915. Flower cream. Lozone
Gorcr, Clemens 300, November 1915.

15. SIGMATOCHILUS Rolfe.
This is a monotypic genus at present known only from Mount
Kinabalu.

1. Sigmatochilus kinabaluensis Fo/fe in Gibbs in Journ.
Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 155, t. 3.

Krnasatu, Haslam, July-August 1916. Parka, Gibbs 4260, February
1910. 9000 feet altitude. Terrestrial in open scrub on serpentine. Flower
white. Lozone Cave, Clemens 206, November 1915. Flowers cream color;
Clemens 223, November 1915. Flower white.

16. DENDROCHILUM JB.

Seven species of Dendrochilum have heretofore been reported
as natives of Mount Kinabalu. The material gathered in 1915 by
Joseph Clemens and in 1916 by George Haslam increases the
number to twenty-three species. The Clemens collection, by far
the most important ever obtained on the mountain, contains
three species that were previously described, namely D. grandi-
florum (Ridl.) J. J. Sm., D. simplex J. J. Sm., and D. stachyodes
(Ridl.) J. J. Sm., this last species being referable to Pfitzer’s sub-

[ 43 ]

ORCHIDACE

genus Aphanostelidion and well characterized by the simple
gynostemium which lacks stelidia. D. simplex has not hereto-
fore been recorded from Mount Kinabalu.

Among the new species described below there are several that
are of unusual interest, as they seem to indicate the probable
existence of alliances that may reward intensive explorations of
the higher altitudes of Borneo.

Dendrochilum quinquelobum Ames, D. exasperatum Ames, and
D. Haslamu Ames, together with the closely related D. Gzbbsiae
Rolfe and D. kinabaluense Rolfe, constitute through the struc-
ture of the lip a very distinct group that may be largely in-
creased in numbers as botanical explorations proceed. D. quin-
quelobum differs from its allies in the strongly reflexed, falcate
terminal lobes of the lip beyond which the fifth lobe or large
cusp protrudes. The lip of D. Gibbsiae and of D. kinabaluense
resembles more closely the lip of D. Haslamu than that of
D. quinguelobum.

Dendrochilum alatum Ames, D. fimbriatum Ames, and D. Jo-
clemensti Ames are clearly distinguished from all other species
by means of the elliptical or very broad, round-tipped stelidia
or wings of the column. From the description D. latibrachiatum
J. J. Sm. would seem to be a member of this group.

One would expect to find elements of the Philippine orchid
flora represented in Dendrochilum on Mount Kinabalu. This ex-
pectation, however, is not fulfilled. Take for example the paucity
of species on the mountain referable to the groups that lack ste-
lidia on the column, and then consider the wealth of species refer-
able to § Acoridium that have been found in Luzon. § Acoridium
is devoid of stelidia. There is not a single Acoridium in the Pfit-
zerian sense recorded as having been found on Mount Kinabalu,
and yet forty-four species of this section of the genus are natives

[ 44 ]

ORCHIDACEA

of the nearby Philippines, thirty-six species being natives of the
higher altitudes of Luzon.

The group formed by D. Gibbsiae, D. Haslamu, D. kinabalu-
ense, D. exasperatum, and D. quinquelobum lacks Philippine rep-
resentatives. The same is true of the group to which D. alatum,
D. fimbriatum, and D. Joclemensi belong. D. grandiflorum, at
present known only from Mount Kinabalu, has no near relatives.
D. imbricatum and D. Dewindtianum, on the other hand, are
closely allied with the Philippine species that constitute Pfitzer’s
series Dilatata, but the representatives of this group are few in
number on Mount Kinabalu, and belong to that section of Den-
drochilum which is characterized by wide distribution in the
Malayan tropics.

With the additions herein noted Dendrochilum with forty-five
species becomes one of the largest of Bornean orchid genera.
Surely we may expect a rich harvest of interesting acquisitions
as intensive collecting brings to our attention the numerous spe-
cies that must still await discovery. It would seem that Borneo
will rival the Philippines as a home of Dendrochilum species
and furnish material that will help to crystalize our knowledge
of one of the most fascinating orchid genera of the eastern
tropics.

1. Dendrochilum alatum Ames sp. nov. Radices fibratae,
glabrae. Pseudobulbi monophylli, obpyriformes, rugosi, superne
attenuati. Folium lineari-lanceolatum, prominenter trinervium,
obtusum, apiculatum, in sicco subchartaceum, quam peduncu-
lus brevius. Pedunculus gracilis, flexuosus. Racemus multiflorus.
Sepala petalaque similia. Labellum simplex, obcuneatum, bical-
losum. Gynostemium erectum, stelidia lateralia in alas ellipticas
producta. Ala terminalis tridentata.

Plant from base of pseudobulb to tip of leaf up to 20 cm.
[ 45 ]

ORCHIDACEA

tall. Pseudobulbs orange-yellow in dried specimens, rugose, about
1.5 cm. long, +5 mm. in diameter at the base, when mature
partly concealed by the fibrous remains of sheathing bracts. Leaf
in the fresh state conspicuously three-nerved, when dry five-
nerved, 7-15 cm. long, 6—9 mm. wide, obtuse or subacute, apic-
ulate, attenuated at both ends, and at base contracted gradually
into a slender, sulcate petiole. Petiole 1.5—2.5 cm. long. Peduncle
slender, naked up to the raceme, including the raceme 12—20 cm.
long, variable. Raceme slender, drooping, curved, about 5 mm.
in diameter, 5-10 cm. long, many-flowered. Floral bracts slightly
exceeding the ovary and its pedicel, about 2 mm. long, sheath-
ing. Flowers small, about 2 mm. apart, yellow with brownish-
red center. Lateral sepals 3-3.75 mm. long, narrowly ovate-lan-
ceolate, acute, conspicuously one-nerved through the middle,
slightly concave, conduplicate at the apex. Dorsal sepal +38 mm.
long, about 1 mm. wide near the base, lanceolate, acute, three-
nerved. Petals about 3 mm. long, narrowly oblong-lanceolate,
subacute or obtuse, margin obscurely denticulate. Labellum
about 3 mm. long, simple, obcuneate, apiculate, margin ob-
scurely, if at all, denticulate or minutely ragged fringed when
magnified, three-nerved, the lateral nerves branching; disc in
front of the column slightly concave with two large calli, one on
each side below the middle, confluent at base by a transverse
ridge. Gynostemium brownish-red, lateral appendages or stelidia
elliptical, basal, rounded, scarcely equaling the conspicuously tri-
dentate terminal wing. Rostellum prominent.

In general appearance the plant recalls D. gracilscapum
(Ames) Pfitz., but is clearly distinguished by the large elliptical
lateral wings of the column, which appear like lateral lobes of
the simple labellum. Most closely allied to Dendrochilum fimbri-

[ 46 ]

ORCHIDACE

atum Ames, from which it differs in the outline of the labellum.
Referable to Pfitzer’s series Edentula. (PLATE 82.)
Maret Pare Spur, Clemens 383, December 1915.

2. Dendrochilum angustipetalum Ames sp. nov. Pseudo-
bulbi approximati, fusiformes, adscendentes, monophylli. Folium
elongatum, ligulatum, in sicco chartaceum, utrinque attenu-
atum, ad apicem acutum. Pedunculus gracilis. Racemus multi-
florus. Bracteae inflorescentiae acutae. Sepala lateralia oblongo-
lanceolata, acuta. Sepalum dorsale simile. Petala valde angus-
tata, acuta. Labellum trilobatum, tricarinatum; lobi laterales
minuti, denticulati; lobus medius integer, acutus, triangulari-
ovatus. Gynostemium gracile. Stelidia super basim inserta, ala
apicalis rotundata, obscure denticulata.

From base of pseudobulb to tip of leaf up to 25 cm. long.
Roots whitish, smooth. Pseudobulbs 2.5—4 em. long, aggregated,
elongated, fusiform, longitudinally rugose when dry, very slen-
der at the tip, being gradually attenuated, ascending, monophyl-
lous. Leaf up to 22 cm. long, up to 12 mm. wide, nervose when
dry, prominently five-nerved, subchartaceous, narrowly oblong,
acute, attenuated at both ends, at the base passing gradually into
the slender petiole. Peduncle, with the raceme, +20 cm. long,
slender, shorter than or equaling the leaves, naked below the
raceme, but closely sheathed at base by the elongated, charta-
ceous bracts that clothe the pseudobulbs in their immaturity.
Raceme about equaling the leaves, +8 cm. long, slender, about
5 mm. in diameter. Bracts subtending the flowers 3 mm. long,
glumaceous, acute, slightly exceeding the pedicellate ovary.
Flowers small, cream color and brown, about twenty-five, 2 mm.
apart, distichous. Lateral sepals 3.5-4.5 mm. long, about 1 mm.
wide, faintly three-nerved, slightly falcate, oblong-lanceolate,

acute, concave at base, lightly carinate. Dorsal sepal oblong,
[ 47 ]

ORCHIDACE

acute, gradually attenuated above the middle. Petals 4.5 mm.
long, about .75 mm. wide, one-nerved, falcate, linear-oblong,
acute. Labellum 3 mm. long, three-lobed; lateral lobes triangular,
irregularly dentate, antrorse, arising near the middle of the label-
lum; middle lobe triangular-ovate, acute, entire, about 2 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide. Disc bicarinate, the median nerve promi-
nent. Gynostemium slender. Lateral stelidia oblong, subobtuse,
equaling the terminal wing, arising from the middle of the col-
umn just below the stigmatic orifice. Terminal wing rounded,
minutely denticulate. This species is referable to series Dilatata
Pfitz. (PLATE 83.)
Maret Pare Spur, Clemens 270, November 1915.

3. Dendrochilum conopseum fd. in Stapf in Trans. Linn.
Soc. ser. 2, 4 (1894) 236.

This species was originally discovered by Haviland in 1892.
Aside from the type material, no other specimens have been
secured. I have seen a photograph of the type which shows an
elongated rhizome with the fusiform pseudobulbs far apart, and
the slender scape basal. The general aspect of the plant recalls
D. simplex J.J. Sm. as represented by a specimen in my herba-
rium collected on Marei Parei Spur by Clemens, but the leaves
of D. simplex are oblong-lanceolate rather than oblong-elliptical
and the inflorescence is terminal. This is the only representative
of § Eudendrochilum among the species now known to be natives
of Mount Kinabalu.

Maret Paret Spur, Haviland. 5500 feet altitude.

4. Dendrochilum corrugatum (fid/.) J. J. Sm. in Recueil
Trav. Bot. Néerl. 1 (1904) 65. Platyclinis corrugata Rid. in Stapf
in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, 4 (1894) 233.

Maret Paret Spur, Haviland. 5500 feet altitude.

[ 48 ]

ORCHIDACE

5. Dendrochilum crassifolium Ames sp. nov. Pseudobulbi
monophylli, graciles. Folium rigidum, oblongum, obtusum. Ra-
cemus elongatus, multiflorus. Bracteae inflorescentiae gluma-
ceae, ovariis pedicellatis aequilongae. Sepala lateralia oblongo-
lanceolata, acuta, ad apicem carinata. Sepalum dorsale simile.
Petala oblongo-elliptica, acuta, denticulata. Labellum triloba-
tum ; lobi laterales denticulati, ad apicem setacei; lobus medius
ovato-lanceolatus, acuminatus, acutus. Gynostemium gracile.
Ala apicalis lanceolata, acuta. Stelidia lateralia super basim gy-
nostemii orta eique parallela, gracilia, triangularia.

Pseudobulbs +1 cm. long, concealed by tubular sheathing
bracts, monophyllous. Leaf coriaceous, 8-10 cm. long, about
1 cm. wide at the middle, prominently five-nerved when dry,
contracted at base into a stout sulcate petiole. Peduncle much
longer than the leaves, 19-25 cm. long, the upper half rather
densely many-flowered. Below the raceme several empty closely
sheathing bracts, otherwise the peduncle is naked, smooth, te-
rete. Floral bracts glumaceous, 3—4mm. long, as long as or longer
than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers 3-4 mm. apart. Lateral
sepals about 7 mm. long,2.5 mm. wide, oblong-lanceolate, lightly
carinate at the tip, three-nerved. Dorsal sepal similar. Petals
about 7 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide, oblong-lanceolate, margins
irregularly denticulate, acuminate, acute, three-nerved. Labellum
three-lobed, 5.5mm. long, about 3 mm. wide at the base of the
middle lobe; disc bicarinate, the keels extending onto the middle
lobe, median vein prominent; lateral lobes divaricate, triangular,
setaceous at the tip, denticulate on the margin to the base of the
lip; middle lobe 3.5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate or subcordate,
acuminate, acute. Gynostemium about 4 mm. tall. Apical wing
entire, triangular-lanceolate, acute, about 1 mm. long. Stelidia

[ 49 ]

ORCHIDACE/&®

about 2 mm. long, triangular, subacute, arising just above the
base of the column, exceeding the rostellum.

Mature pseudobulbs are wanting in the material from which
the description was made. D. crassifoliwm is most closely related
to D. kamborangense Ames, from which it differs in the obtuse
leathery leaves, in the lateral and middle lobes of the lip, and in
the appendages of the column. D. perspicabile is also nearly
related, but sufficiently distinct in the lobing of the lip. (PLATE
84.)

Krnasau, Haslam, July-August 1916.

6. Dendrochilum Dewindtianum W. W. Sm.in Notes Bot.
Gard. Edinb. 8 (1915) 321.

This species is referred to Pfitzer’s series Dilatata. The labellum
suggests D. longifoliwm Reichb. f. In the original description the
specific name is spelled Dewindtiana, presumably because the
species was dedicated to the Ranee of Sarawak, but as the specific
name is an adjective, it must agree with the generic name.

Kinazatu, Native Collector 99, August 1913. 7200 feet altitude; Native

Collector 68, August 1913. 13,000 feet altitude (?).

7. Dendrochilum exasperatum Ames sp. nov. Herba gra-
cilis, similitudinem gerit cum D. quinquelobo. Pseudobulbi?
Folium oblongo-lanceolatum. Pedunculus nutans, multiflorus,
folium multo superans. Bracteae inflorescentiae ovarium super-
antes. Sepala lateralia oblongo-lanceolata, acuta. Sepalum dor-
sale simile. Petala oblongo-lanceolata. Labellum quinquelobum;
lobi basilares triangulares, breves; lobi anteriores oblongi, ad
apicem rotundati; lobus terminalis triangularis, acutus. Gyno-
stemium gracile, ala apicalis simplex. Stelidia basilaria.

Pseudobulbs wanting. Leaf oblong-lanceolate, about 12 cm.
long, 18 mm. wide, much shorter than the scape. Peduncle with

[ 50 }

ORCHIDACEA

the raceme 2.8 dm. long, arching. Floral bracts about 3 mm.
long, 2 mm. wide, exceeding the pedicellate ovary. Flowers yel-
low. Lateral sepals 5 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute. Dorsal
sepal similar. Petals oblong-lanceolate, acute, 4 mm. long, 1.5mm.
wide. Labellum five-lobed, similar to D. guinquelobum, 2.5 mm.
long, 4 mm. wide from tip to tip of the foremost lateral lobes.
Gynostemium 3 mm. high. Stelidia basal, erect, hardly equaling
the terminal wing, oblong, hamate, blunt. Terminal wing 1 mm.
long, round-triangular, entire.

In floral structure it is almost a counterpart of D. quinque-
lobum, but in size conspicuously larger.

Mare! Pare Spur, Clemens 396, November—December 1915.

8. Dendrochilum fimbriatum Ames sp. nov. Pseudobulbi
ageregati, rotundati, monophylli. Folium lineare, utrinque at-
tenuatum, ad basim in petiolum brevem sulcatum contractum.
Pedunculus folium excedens gracilis. Racemus multiflorus; brac-
teae flores subtendentes rigidae. Sepalalateralia subfalcata, acuta,
ovato-lanceolata. Sepalum dorsale lanceolatum, acutum. Petala
lanceolata, acuta. Labellum integrum, margine denticulato vel
fimbriato. Discus bicarinatus.Gynostemium breve. Alae laterales
ellipticae. Ala terminalis minuta, integra.

Pseudobulbs aggregated, approximately 8 mm. long, about
5 mm. in diameter, yellowish when dry, rugose, rounded, mono-
phyllous. Leaf leathery, linear to linear-lanceolate, attenuated
at both ends, contracted at base into a sulcate petiole 8-10 mm.
long; lamina 5.5—7 cm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, grooved along the
middle, about half as long asthe peduncle. Peduncle naked below
the sterile bract of the raceme, terminal, slender. Raceme many-
flowered, 7.5 cm. long, about 7 mm. in diameter. Floral bracts

17In an unnumbered specimen in my herbarium collected by Clemens the raceme is 1 dm.

long.
[ 51 ]

ORCHIDACE

rigid, about equaling the pedicellate ovary. Flowers small, about
2 mm. apart. Lateral sepals about 3.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide,
strongly reflexed at the tip, falcate, ovate-lanceolate, acute, three-
nerved. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, acute, 4mm. long. Petals lanceo-
late, acute, about 3.5 mm. long, obscurely three-nerved, margin
obscurely denticulate. Labellum +2 mm. long, rotundate, apicu-
late, margin shortly fringed, the fringe irregular, bicallose, middle
nerve somewhat prominent. Calli conspicuous, semi-orbicular,
erect, fleshy, about half as long as the lip, one on each lateral
nerve, confluent at base by a transverse ridge. Gynostemium
short, fleshy. Lateral wings rotund, basal, shorter than the col-
umn. Terminal wing rounded, entire.

The lateral wings of the column are unusual and indicate
affinity with D. alatum. An unnumbered specimen secured by
Clemens, referable through its flowers to D. fimbriatum, is habit-
ally similar to D.alatum. 'The pseudobulbs are elongated and the
leaf exceeds 1 dm. in length. Unfortunately the material is lim-
ited and insufficient to establish the range of probable variation,

Marer Pare Spur, Clemens 248, November 1915.

9. Dendrochilum Gibbsiae Pol/fe in Gibbs in Journ. Linn.
Soc. 42 (1914) 147.

From a study of drawings of this species preserved in my her-
barium, it would seem that D. Gibbsiae is a very near ally of
D. kinabaluense Rolfe. There is reason to believe that the exami-
nation of more ample material will indicate that the characters
relied on for the separation of these species will break down.

Maret Parer Spur, Gibbs 4087, February 1910. In mossy forest. Epi-
phyte. Flowers reddish cream with a large brown blotch on the lip.

10. Dendrochilum grandiflorum (fid/.) J. J. Sm. in Re-
cueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 1 (1904) 66. Platyclinis grandiflora Rid.

in Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, 4 (1894) 233.
[ 52 ]

ORCHIDACE

Krinasav, Haviland. 10,500 feet altitude. KamBorancan, Clemens 209,

November 1915. 8000—10,000 feet altitude. Flower brown.

11. Dendrochilum Haslamii Ames sp. nov. Herba parvula.
Pseudobulbi subfusiformes, monophylli. Folium lineari-lanceo-
latum, obtusum, pedunculo brevius. Racemus elongatus, gra-
cilis, multiflorus, arcuatus. Bracteae inflorescentiae concavae,
acutae, subpatentes. Flores minuti. Ovarium globosum, minu-
tum. Sepala lateralia valde reflexa, oblongo-ovata, acuta, subtus
carinata. Petala porrecta. Labellum carnosum, in lobos diver-
gentes productum, mucronatum. Callus hippocrepiformis in
disco labelli. Gynostemium minutum. Stelidia basilaria, linearia.
Ala apicalis obtusa, integra.

A diminutive species, less than 1 dm. tall from base of pseudo-
bulb to tip of raceme, allied to D. hinabaluense Rolfe and
D. quinquelobum Ames. Pseudobulbs 1-2 cm. long, slender, sub-
fusiform, clothed with closely appressed sheaths, monophyllous.
Leaf 4.5—6 cm. long, +4 mm. wide, shorter than the scape, hardly
petioled, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, coriaceous, with a prominent
mid-nerve. Peduncle 5-9 cm. long to the tip of the raceme,
curved. Raceme up to 7cm. long,very slender, about twenty-five-
flowered. Bracts persistent, somewhat shorter than the pedicel
and ovary,strongly concave, acute, more or less spreading. Pedi-
cel and ovary 3 mm. long,comparatively stout (the ovary rotund,
.5 mm. long). Sepals strongly reflexed, equal and similar, oblong-
ovate, strongly concave, lightly carinate along the median nerve
externally, 1.75 mm. long. Petals 1.5 mm. long, only slightly
spreading, directed forward, similar to the sepals but rather more
ovate, strongly concave. Labellum four-lobed, apiculate, deep yel-
low, 2 mm. long, 3 mm. wide from tip to tip of the divaricate ter-
minal pair of lateral lobes; disc rounded below the middle, about
1.5 mm. wide, above the middle produced into the large, ovate-

[ 58 ]

ORCHIDACE

lanceolate, divergent lateral lobes and terminated by a minute
cusp or mucro; behind the terminal lobes a pair of smaller lobes is
situated. Callus U-shaped, the arms extending to the middle of
the disc. Gynostemium 1 mm. long. Stelidia basal, linear, obtuse,
equaling the entire, obtuse terminal wing or slightly exceeding it.
The general aspect of the flower suggests close affinity with
D. quinquelobum, D. kinabaluense, and D. Gibbsiae, but the
plants are diminutive with linear leaves and the lobing of the
labellum indicates fundamental differences. In outline the divar-
icate terminal lobes of the labellum suggest species of Liparis
that belong to the characteristic group of which Liparis pallida
and L. latifolia are well-known examples. (PLATE 85.)
Kryasau, Haslam, July-August 1916.

12. Dendrochilum imbricatum Ames sp. nov. Pseudobulbi
aggregati, cylindracei, in sicco graciles. Folium petiolatum, ob-
longo-ellipticum, acutum. Pedunculus elongatus. Racemus brac-
teis imbricantibus, arcuatus. Bracteae flores aequales. Sepala lat-
eralia oblongo-lanceolata vel triangulari-lanceolata. Sepalum
dorsale simile. Petala oblonga. Labellum trilobatum, tricarina-
tum. Gynostemium breve. Ala apicalis retusa vel trilobata.
Stelidia lateralia gynostemio multo breviora.

Pseudobulbs contiguous, cylindraceous, elongated, +6 cm.
long, slender in dried specimens, scarcely 5 mm. in diameter,
when immature concealed by a large elongated brownish
sheath +1.5 dm. long, which also incloses the petiole of the leaf
and the base of the scape. Leaf large, chartaceous when dry,
+3 dm. long, up to 4.5 em. wide, oblong-elliptic, acute, mid-vein
very prominent beneath. Petiole +1.5 dm. long, slender. Pedun-
cle exceeding the leaves, naked, with several large imbricating
bracts at the base of the raceme. Raceme +2.5 dm. long, arched.

Floral bracts large, ovate-elliptical, at first closely imbricating,
[ 54 ]

ORCHIDACEA

8-13 mm. long, equaling or exceeding the flowers. Flowers large,
brownish-yellow. Lateral sepals 7-8 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate
or triangular-lanceolate, acute, lightly carinate at the tip. Dorsal
sepal similar, 7 mm. long. Petals 7 mm. long, oblong, acute. La-
bellum three-lobed, 4 mm. long, reflexed; lateral lobes triangu-
lar, acute, subsetaceous at the tip, from sinus to tip about 1 mm.
long; middle lobe somewhat cuneate at base, dilated into a round
or suborbicular plate 3 mm. wide, 2 mm. long above the claw,
when apiculate, obscurely so, middle nerve raised but evanescent
beyond the lateral lobes, otherwise the disc is bicarinate to the
middle. Margin of the lip wholly entire. Gynostemium about
3 mm. long, with subulate lateral arms about 1 mm. long, aris-
ing from the sides of the column just below the stigmatic ori-
fice, hardly equaling the rostellum. Terminal wing elongated,
rounded at the tip or obscurely retuse or irregularly three-lobed,
the lobes blunt.

A large plant allied to Dendrochilum latifolium Lindl., D.
bracteosum Reichb. f., and D. Dewindtianum W.W. Sm., but
very distinct in the structure of the flower and clearly separable
by means of the large bracts which nearly conceal the flowers.
The raceme is very similar to that of Dendrochilum cagayanense
Ames, which has a very dissimilar labellum. D. Dewindtianum
W. W.Sm. differs from D. imbricatum in its much shorter floral
bracts, larger labellum, and longer stelidia. D. oaylobum Schltr. is
a near ally, but differs from D. imbricatwm in the details of the
gynostemium and labellum and_in the relative lengths of the
floral bracts and the flowers. (PLATE 82.)

Kinasatv, Clemens 179 (Type), November 1915. 3000 feet altitude.

Kiav, Clemens 318, November 1915. 2000-5000 feet altitude.

13. Dendrochilum Joclemensii Ames sp. nov. Rhizoma re-
pens, vaginis omnino obtectum, radicibus elongatis. Pseudobulbi

[ 55 ]

ORCHIDACEA

approximati, subfusiformes, monophylli, rugosi. Folium erectum,
lineare, obtusum, petiolatum, in sicco prominenter trinervium.
Pedunculus folio brevior, gracilis, pauciflorus. Inflorescentia in
pseudobulbis novellis evolutis, folio multo brevior, rachide tenui.
Racemus laxiflorus. Bracteae ovarium aequantes, lanceolatae.
Sepala lateralia lanceolata, acuta, trinervia. Sepalum dorsale
simile, acutum, trinervium. Petala lanceolata, acuminata, acuta.
Labellum subintegrum, oblongum, abrupte acuminatum, in api-
cem apiculatum contractum, trinervium, ad basim incrassatum,
prope medium bicallosum; calli semiorbiculares, complanati,
erecti. Gynostemium breve. Ala apicalis porrecta, concava, ob-
tusa. Alae laterales infra medium gynostemii ortae, quam ala
apicalis multo breviores, ellipticae.

Rhizome creeping, perhaps pendent, invested by closely ap-
pressed sheaths. Pseudobulbs semi-fusiform,rugose, 1.4 cm. long,
3 mm. thick near the middle, ascending, unifoliate. Leaf linear,
up to 7 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, obtuse, petiolate, prominently
three-nerved. Petiole slender, about 9 mm. long. Peduncle
shorter than the leaves, slender, including the raceme +4 cm.
long. Inflorescence few-flowered. Raceme lax. Bracts about
equaling the ovaries, lanceolate, acute, strongly concave. Flowers
salmon-pink, about 5.5 mm. wide between the tip of the petals
when spread out. Lateral sepals 3 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide,
lanceolate, acuminate, acute, three-nerved, carinate, larger than
the petals. Dorsal sepal similar to the laterals. Petals slightly nar-
rower than the sepals, 2.5 mm. long, lanceolate, acute. Labellum
about 2 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, oblong, abruptly con-
tracted near the apex into an elongated, apiculate tip, three-
nerved, with two flattened abbreviated lamellae, one on each
side of the disc just below the middle; lamellae suborbicular,
flattened laterally; behind the lamellae the lip is much thick-

[ 56 ]

ORCHIDACE

ened where it joins the column. Gynostemium about 1.5 mm.
tall from the base to the tip of the apical wing. Stelidia very
broad, rounded at the tip, about .5 mm. wide, slightly longer
than broad, not equaling the tip of the apical wing, erect, rather
fleshy. Apical wing strongly concave, nearly orbicular, entire.

The very broad lateral wings of the column and the simple
labellum indicate relationship with D. alatum Ames and D. fim-
briatum Ames. Unfortunately the material from which my de-
scription is drawn is incomplete, the tip of the raceme having
been broken off. (PLATE 83.)

Maret Pare Spur, Clemens 247, November 1915.

14. Dendrochilum kamborangense Ames sp.nov. Pseudo-
bulbi subcylindracei, aggregati, rugosi. Folium lineari-lanceola-
tum, obtusum, in sicco chartaceum. Pedunculus folio longior. Ra-
cemus gracilis, multiflorus. Sepala lateralia oblongo-lanceolata.
Sepalum dorsale simile. Petala oblongo-lanceolata. Labellum
trilobatum, bicarinatum; lobi laterales denticulati vel fimbriati;
lobus medius rotundatus, apiculatus. Gynostemium erectum.
Stelidia e medio gynostemii orta, anguste triangularia.

Pseudobulbs subcylindrical, 2.5-4 em. high, yellowish, rugose,
when mature surrounded by the fibrous remains of the sheaths.
Leaves 1-2 dm. long, up to 16 mm. wide, linear-lanceolate,
obtuse, at base petiolate. Flower shoot longer than the leaves,
+3 dm. long including the raceme. Raceme itself up to 1.5 dm.
long, about 1.5 cm. in diameter, flowers yellow, 3.5 mm. apart.
Floral bracts 3 mm. long, equaling the pedicellate ovary, glu-
maceous, closely appressed. Lateral sepals 6-7 mm. long, about
2 mm. wide, oblong-lanceolate, acute, carinate near the tip.
Dorsal sepal similar, but somewhat narrower. Petals about
6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, oblong-lanceolate, acute, margin mi-

nutely denticulate. Labellum three-lobed, about 5 mm. long,
LF

ORCHIDACE

fleshy, brownish; lateral lobes rounded, from the base minutely
fringed on the outer margin; middle lobe 3 mm. long, 3 mm.
wide, rotundate, apiculate. Carinae two, fleshy, at base connected
by a transverse thickening of the disc, evanescent below the mid-
dle of the mid-lobe, middle nerve prominent. Gynostemium about
3 mm. long. Stelidia near the middle of the column but not
basal, reaching as high as the rostellum, narrowly triangular, ob-
tuse, divergent. Terminal wing subquadrate, tridentate, erose or
denticulate at the tip.

A very beautiful and showy orchid with the general aspect of
D. cornutum Bl. (PLATE 84.)

KamporancaH, Clemens 205 (Type), November 1915. Marr Parer
Rince, Clemens 385, December 1915. Flowers yellow with brown tongue.
15. Dendrochilum kinabaluense Rolfe in Gibbs in Journ.

Linn. Soe. 42 (1914) 148.

This species and D. Gibbsiae Rolfe arevery similar in the struc-
ture of the flower and in general aspect.

Marer Pare Spur, Gibbs 4085, February 1910. In mossy forest. 7000
feet altitude. Flowers yellow with a small brown blotch on the lip.

16. Dendrochilum lancilabium Ames sp. nov. Pseudobulbi
approximati vel usque ad 2 cm. distantes, monophylli. Folium
lineari-lanceolatum, obtusum, breviter apiculatum. Pedunculus
gracilis, multiflorus. Bracteae inflorescentiae patentes. Sepala
lateralia triangulari-lanceolata, acuta. Sepalum dorsale lanceola-
tum, acutum. Petala anguste lanceolata, acuminata, acuta, ob-
scure denticulata. Labellum simplex, lanceolatum, acumina-
tum, acutum, bicallosum. Gynostemium gracile. Stelidia linearia,
basilaria. Ala apicalis simplex vel trilobata.

Pseudobulbs 5 mm. thick, either contiguous or 2 cm. apart
on the stout creeping rhizome, +5 cm. long, very slender when
dry, cylindrical or fusiform, monophyllous, stem-like. Leaf +2 dm.

[ 58 ]

ORCHIDACEA

long,about 1 cm. wide, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, apiculate, shortly
petiolate, shorter than the slender peduncle, rigid when dry.
Peduncle up to 3 dm. long. Raceme about 2 dm. long, less than
1 cm. in diameter. Flowers greenish-yellow, small. Bracts 2 mm.
long, hardly clasping the pedicellate ovary which they equal. Lat-
eral sepals 5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, triangular-lanceolate, acute,
three-nerved. Dorsal sepal 6 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate,
acute, slightly concave, three-nerved. Petals similar, 4.25 mm.
long, but slightly narrower, one-nerved with short lateral nerves,
minutely denticulate onthe margin. Labellum 4mm. long,simple,
lanceolate, acuminate, acute, very minutely ragged, fringed or
denticulate above the middle, three-nerved, very mobile, weakly
attached to the base of the gynostemium, bicallose at the base,
the calli passing posteriorly into the median nerve, shallowly sul-
cate. Column very slender. Stelidia basal, linear, obtuse, 2 mm.
long, scarcely equaling the subquadrate, entire or minutely three-
lobed terminal wing.

A very distinct species of series Similia Pfitz. that is well char-
acterized by its lanceolate, very acuminate labellum. In the ma-
terial examined the terminal wing of the column is very variable,
in the type being three-lobed, three-toothed or almost entire.
(PLATE 83.)

Krnasaw, Haslam, July-August 1916. Maret Parer Spur, Clemens 280
(Type), November 1915; Clemens 224A, November 1915; Clemens 242,
November 1915. Paxxa, Clemens 114, November 1915.

17. Dendrochilum lobongense Ames sp. nov. Pseudobulbi
statu juvenili vaginis laxis vestiti, monophylli. Folium quam
pedunculus brevius, oblongo-ellipticum. Racemus multiflorus,
nutans. Bracteae inflorescentiae patentes. Sepala lateralia ob-
longo-lanceolata, acuta. Sepalum dorsale simile. Petala oblongo-
ovata, acuta. Labellum trilobatum; lobi laterales anguste trian-

[ 59 ]

ORCHIDACEA

gulares; lobus medius late ovatus; discus tricarinatus. Gynoste-
mium arcuatum. Stelidia lateralia e medio gynostemii orta. Ala
apicalis quadrata, tri- vel quadridentata.

A near ally of D. oxylobum Schltr., but differing from it in
details of the flower. Pseudobulb +2 cm. long, when immature
concealed by several loosely sheathing tubular bracts. Leaf
about 13 cm. long, 1.4 em. wide. Peduncle 3 dm. long, compara-
tively stout, naked below the raceme, arching. Raceme about
22 cm. long. Flowers numerous, about forty, pale yellow, compar-
atively large, +8 mm. long, about 5 mm. distant. Bracts spread-
ing, 4 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, slightly exceeding the pedi-
cellate ovary, glumaceous, acute. Lateral sepals about 8 mm.
long, 2 mm. wide, oblong-lanceolate, acute. Dorsal sepal simi-
lar. Petals 8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, oblong-ovate, abruptly acute.
Labellum 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide at the middle, three-lobed;
lateral lobes about 1 mm. long, entire or few and inconspic-
uously toothed, narrowly triangular, very acute but not seta-
ceous, about equaling the middle of the labellum; middle lobe
about 5 mm. long, broadly ovate, obtuse. Disc tricarinate to
about the middle or a little beyond; the lateral carinae, one on
each lateral nerve, prominent at the base of the column, some-
what rounded when seen from the side, the middle carina simply
a thickening of the disc along the median nerve. Gynostemium
abruptly arched, rather slender. Lateral arms narrowly lanceo-
late, 2mm. long, blunt or subacute, retrorse, arising just below
the stigma.

Unfortunately the only material secured has an immature
pseudobulb with its leaf still folded.

Lozone, Clemens 116, November 1915.

18. Dendrochilum longirachis Ames sp. nov. Pseudobulbi
elongati, approximati, cylindracei, monophylli. Folium elliptico-

ORCHIDACEA#

lanceolatum, acutum, breviter petiolatum. Pedunculus valde
elongatus, gracilis. Bracteae inflorescentiae flores aequantes.
Sepala lateralia oblongo-lanceolata, acuta. Sepalum dorsale si-
mile. Petala angustiora. Labellum trilobatum, bicarinatum; lobi
laterales serrati; lobus medius cuneato-ovatus, apiculatus. Gyno-
stemium gracile. Stelidia lateralia linearia, ad medium gyno-
stemii. Ala apicalis integra vel obscure lobata, rotundata.
Pseudobulbs approximate, contiguous, much elongated, 5.5~
9 cm. long, very slender, in dried specimens up to 5 mm. in di-
ameter, cylindraceous or fusiform, monophyllous. Leaf 8-15 em.
long, 3-4.3 cm. wide, elliptic-lanceolate, attenuated at both
ends, chartaceous in dried specimens, prominently nine-nerved,
contracted rather abruptly into a short petiole 4-10 mm. long,
much exceeded by the elongated, fiexuous, curving and droop-
ing raceme. Flower shoot +4 dm. long including the raceme;
naked portion +4 cm. long. Raceme less than 1 cm. in diameter,
slender, sometimes with as many as one hundred and thirty-five
flowers, furnished below the raceme with three to four closely
appressed, brownish, sterile, glume-like bracts. Bracts subtending
the pedicellate ovary 2 mm. long, embracing the base of the peri-
anth. Flowers yellow, 4 mm. apart. Lateral sepals 4.5 mm. long,
oblong-lanceolate, acute, rounded at the base. Dorsal sepal simi-
lar. Petals about 4mm. long, linear-lanceolate, narrower than the
sepals, acute, entire. Labellum about 3.5 mm. long, brownish on
the disc, three-lobed; lateral lobes narrowly triangular with a seta-
ceous tip, serrate on the outer margin, with the tips reaching to
about the middle of the cuneate-obovate, apiculate middle lobe;
middle lobe 2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, entire, bicarinate at the
base, with the carinae joined to the base of the thickened or raised
median nerve. Gynostemium about one-half as long as the dor-
sal sepal, slender at base. Lateral stelidia arising just below the

[ 61 ]

ORCHIDACEAZ

level of the stigma, linear, slightly exceeding the anther. Termi-
nal wing rotundate, entire or very obscurely lobed.

A very distinct species well characterized by its vegetative
parts.

Kuav, Clemens 332 (Type), November 1915. Mazer Paretr Spur, Clem-

ens 377, December 1915.

19. Dendrochilum perspicabile Ames sp. nov. Pseudobulbi
ageregati, ovoidei, monophylli. Folium oblongo-lanceolatum,
rigidum, quam scapus brevius. Racemus flexuosus, multiflorus.
Bracteae inflorescentiae patentes. Sepala oblongo-lanceolata.
Petala similia. Labellum trilobatum; lobi laterales minuti; lobus
medius late ovatus, ad apicem rotundatus; discus infra medium
bicarinatus. Gynostemium arcuatum. Stelidia lateralia, e medio
gynostemii orta. Ala terminalis, elongata, tridentata.

In habit similar to Dendrochilum linearifolium Hook. f. Pseu-
dobulbs aggregated, 2-4.4 cm. long, +12 mm. in diameter, ovoid
when mature, yellowish when dry, monophyllous. Leaf +8 cm.
long, 8-12 mm. wide, oblong-lanceolate, blunt or acute, seven-
nerved, rigid when dry, petiolate, with the petiole about 2 cm.
long. Peduncle +15 cm. long, much longer than the leaf, arching,
many-flowered. Raceme up to 14 cm. long, up to 2 em. in diam-
eter, flowers yellow tipped with brown. Bracts 4 mm. long, more
or less spreading, subequal to the pedicellate ovary, involute.
Flowers 8-10 mm. in diameter. Sepals 7-8 mm. long, about 2.5
mm. wide, oblong-lanceolate, acute. Petals 8 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
wide, lanceolate, with the margin irregularly denticulate. Label-
lum +5 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. wide, obscurely three-lobed; lateral
lobes triangular, toothed, acute or obtuse, equaling the base of
the middle lobe; middle lobe 3 mm. long or more, broadly ovate,
rounded at the tip, not at all apiculate, minutely crenulate or
denticulate on the margin. Disc bicarinate (with a prominent

[ 62 ]

ORCHIDACE

median nerve between the carinae) ; the carinae, one on each lat-
eral nerve, reaching the base of the middle lobe, united at the base
by a transverse thickening. Gynostemium arched. Stelidia lat-
eral, triangular, faleate, acute, rising from about the middle of
the column, reaching about to the middle of the elongated acute
terminal tooth. (PLATE 82.)

Kinasau, Clemens 202, November 1915. 5000-10,000 feet altitude.

20. Dendrochilum quinquelobum Ames sp. nov. Pseudo-
bulbi aggregati, semifusiformes, monophylli. Folium lineari-lan-
ceolatum, subobtusum, breviter petiolatum. Pedunculus gracilis,
foliis longior. Racemus gracilis, multiflorus; flores parvi. Brac-
teae patentes. Sepala lateralia ovato-oblonga, acuta. Sepalum
dorsale lanceolatum, acutum. Petala oblongo-lanceolata, acuta,
sepalis lateralibus angustiora. Labellum quinquelobatum; callus
hippocrepiformis in disco. Gynostemium gracile. Stelidia basi-
laria. Ala apicalis simplex.

Pseudobulbs up to 4.5 em. long, approximate, crowded, when
immature concealed by closely appressed brownish sheaths, semi-
fusiform, very slender, gradually attenuated, monophyllous.
Leaves 12-25 cm. long, 8-16 mm. wide, linear-lanceolate or ob-
long-lanceolate, petiolate, subacute. Petiole about 3 cm. long.
Peduncle +2 dm. long, longer than the leaf, slender, naked. Ra-
ceme slender, about 16 cm. long, about 5 mm. in diameter, many-
flowered. Flowers small, yellow, about 3 mm. apart. Bracts
2.5 mm. long, spreading, for the most part simply sheathing the
base of the pedicels, lanceolate, acute, equaling the pedicellate
ovary. Lateral sepals 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, ovate-oblong, acute.
Dorsal sepal 3 mm. long, concave, lanceolate, acute. Petals
2.5 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, slightly more than one-
half as wide as the lateral sepals. Labellum five-lobed, 2.5 mm.

long; basal lobes minute, triangular, obtuse, erect; the lateral of
[ 63 ]

ORCHIDACEE

the three terminal lobes 1 mm. long, .5 mm. wide, oblong-fal-
cate, obtuse, retrorse, ascending; middle lobe or cusp 1 mm.
long, narrowly triangular, tooth-like, acute, deflexed-ascending.
On the disc below the middle is a prominent U-shaped callus,
connected by a transverse thickening just below the opening.
Gynostemium slender, 1.5 mm. long. Stelidia basal, oblong-lin-
ear, hamate, obtuse, equaling the terminal, rounded, concave
wing.

A near relative of D. Gibbsiae Rolfe and D. kinabaluense
Rolfe, from which species it differs in the lobing of the label-
lum, the lateral lobes being strongly curved backward. Mr. Rolfe
compared D. Gibbsiae to D. recurvum Ames, a native of the
Philippine Islands, but that species is a member of Acoridium,
a section of Dendrochilum, and is comparable rather in the
structure of the labellum than through actual affinity to either
D. Gibbsiae or D. kinabaluense. Intensive studies of more
material than I have been able to examine may reveal closer
relationships between D. quinquelobum and the species de-
scribed by Rolfe than now seem likely. From careful drawings
of D. Gibbsiae and D. kinabaluense preserved in my herbarium,
their affinity is extremely close. They are clearly referable to the
Platyclinis section. (PLATE 82.)

Krav, Clemens 361 (Type), November 1915; Clemens 178, November
1915; Clemens 146, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Lozonc, Clemens
289, November 1915.

21. Dendrochilum simplex J. J. Sm. in Bull. Dépt. Agr.
Néerl. Ind. 22 (1909) 13.

To this species I refer a specimen gathered by Clemens on
Marei Parei Spur. D. simplex is closely related to D. vaginatum
J.J. Sm. and to D. acuminatum J. J.Sm. In the very simple lip
it recalls D. aurantiacum Bl. The elongated rhizome is a con-

[ 64 |

ORCHIDACEA

spicuous differentiating character. Originally collected at Liang
Gagang by Hallier (No. 2646). Heretofore unknown to occur on
Mount Kinabalu.

Maret Parer Spur, Clemens 278, November 1915. Flowers brownish.

22. Dendrochilum stachyodes (fidl.) J. J. Sm. in Recueil
Tray. Bot. Néerl. 1 (1904) 77. Platyclinis stachyodes Ridl. in
Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, 4 (1894) 234.

Kinasau, Haviland. 11,000 feet altitude; Gibbs 4181, February 1910.

In cracks in granite at the base of the granite core. Flowers cream color,

abundant. Lozone, Clemens 224, November 1915. Flowers and buds yellow.

Paxka, Clemens 115, November 1915. Flowers pale yellow.

23. Dendrochilum subintegrum Ames sp. nov. Pseudobulbi
valde elongati, monophylli. Folium elliptico-lanceolatum, obtu-
sum, breviter petiolatum. Pedunculus gracilis, elongatus, folio
longior. Racemus multiflorus, elongatus. Bracteae inflorescentiae
patentes. Sepala lateralia oblongo-lanceolata, acuta. Sepalum dor-
sale simile. Petala oblongo-lanceolata. Labellum subsimplex,
lanceolatum ; lobi laterales minuti, dentati. Gynostemium arcua-
tum. Stelidia basilaria. Ala apicalis integra.

Rhizome elongated, with the pseudobulbs clustered at the
growing point, rather stout. Pseudobulbs elongated, +8 cm.
long, 4 mm. in diameter, cylindraceous, monophyllous, clothed
with loose imbricating sheaths when immature, yellowish in
dried specimens, rugose. Leaf 1.4-1.6 dm. long, up to 3.7 cm.
wide, elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, shortly petiolate, with the
petiole about 1 cm. long. Peduncle slender, exceeding the leaf
in the type specimen, including the raceme about 2 dm. long.
Raceme about 14 cm. long, 7 mm. in diameter, many-flowered ;
flowers small, yellowish. Bracts spreading, 2 mm. long, not en-
closing the ovary but exceeding it, about 1 mm. apart. Lateral
sepals 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, oblong-lanceolate, acute, three-

[ 65 ]

ORCHIDACEA

nerved. Dorsal sepal similar. Petals similar to the sepals, 2.5 mm.
long, acute, margin obscurely irregular, three-nerved. Labellum
2.25 mm. long, lanceolate, obscurely three-lobed; lateral lobes
minute, triangular, irregularly several toothed, rising below the
middle of the labellum. The lateral carinae and thickened me-
dian nerve form an M-shaped callus which extends to about the
middle of the disc. Gynostemium strongly arched, lateral arms
basal, oblong, round-pointed, about equaling the terminal tri-
angular obtuse wing.

The type consists of a single specimen which is habitally
similar to D. longirachis, but distinct in the form of the lip.

Lozsone Cave, Clemens 285, November 1915.

17, PHOLIDOTA Lindi.

Kight species of Pholidota have been reported as natives of
Borneo. The first collection from Mount Kinabalu to contain
representatives of this genus was made by Clemens in 1915.
Clemens found Pholidota carnea (Bl.) Lindl., and P. gibbosa De
Vriese, the former referred to Crinonia and the latter to Che-
lonanthera in Pfitzer and Krinzlin’s monograph of the Coelogy-
ninae in Engler’s Das Pflanzenreich.

1. Pholidota carnea ( Bl.) Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. (1830) 37.
Crinonia carnea Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 339. Coelogyne carnea (Bl.)
Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. 6 (1861) 237.

This is a Javan species which has also been reported from
Sumatra.

Lozone Cave, Clemens 107, November 1915. Flower pink and maroon;
Clemens 127 A. 5000 feet altitude. Krav, Clemens 331, November 1915.
Flowers cream color,

2. Pholidota Clemensii Ames sp. nov. Pseudobulbi semi-
fusiformes, monophylli. Folium ligulatum, in sicco nervosum,

pedunculo longius. Bracteae deciduae. Flores in racemum
[ 66 ]

ORCHIDACE

subdensum dispositi. Sepala lateralia late ovata, acuta, cari-
nata. Sepalum dorsale ovato-lanceolatum. Petala ovato-oblonga,
membranacea. Labellum saccatum, ecarinatum, in laminam ob-
longam productum. Gynostemium ad apicem tridentatum. Ro-
stellum bifidum.

Rhizome stout. Pseudobulbs semi-fusiform, 4-6 cm. high,
+1 cm. in diameter at about the middle, monophyllous. Leaf
+8 dm. long, +4 cm. wide, oblong-lanceolate, petiolate, atten-
uated at both ends, longer than the flower shoot, rather rigid
when dry, conspicuously seven-nerved. Petiole about 1 dm. long.
Flower shoot from the new growth, synanthous, up to 2 dm.
long including the raceme, concealed by five or more large,
imbricating, acute, nervose sheaths which rise from the base
of a mature pseudobulb. Raceme about 8 cm. long, sub-densely
flowered, erect, rigid; bracts deciduous leaving an annulate scar.
Pedicel and ovary about 1 cm. long, glandular pubescent.
Flowers white, yellow when dry, somewhat globose. Lateral
sepals 8 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide, broadly ovate, acute, car-
inate, at base forming a rounded mentum. Dorsal sepal about
8 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute. Petals about 8 mm. long,
4mm. wide, ovate-oblong, acuminate, acute, membranaceous.
Labellum 8 mm. long, deeply saccate at base, prolonged in front
into an oblong round-tipped plate 6.5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide,
abruptly reflexed in front of the rounded scrotiform sac. The
suleate disc and sac ecallose, but on each side in front of the
sac the lip is conspicuously longitudinally thickened. Gynoste-
mium with two rounded appendages at base; terminal wing
three-toothed, the central one obtuse, semi-orbicular, the lateral
ones divergent and much smaller, ovate, subobtuse. Rostellum
deeply bifid.

Vegetatively Pholidota Clemensii recalls a small form of

[ 67 ]

ORCHIDACEA

P. ventricosa Reichb. f., but in the details of the flower it is very
different from that species.
Margi Paret Spur, Clemens 390, December 1915.

3. Pholidota gibbosa (B/.) De Vriese Ill. Orch. Ind. Orient.
Neéerl. (1854) t. 5, fig. 1. Chelonanthera gibbosa B/. Bijdr. (1825)
383.

Lozonc Cave, Clemens 127, November 1915. 5000 feet altitude.
Flowers white with yellow tips. Krav, Clemens 24, November 1915. 3000
feet altitude. Flowers cream white; Clemens 83, November 1915. 3000
feet altitude; Clemens 92, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude.

4. Pholidota kinabaluensis Ames sp. nov. Pseudobulbi cy-
lindracei, diphylli. Folium lineari-ligulatum, acutum, quinque-
nervium, pedunculo longius. Bracteae inflorescentiae deciduae,
flores superantes. Sepala lateralia elliptico-oblonga, acuta. Se-
palum dorsale simile. Petala cuneato-obovata, ad apicem rotun-
data. Labellum simplex, in laminam rotundatam apiculatam
dilatatum, ad basim profunde saccatum callosum. Gynostemium
arcuatum. Ala terminalis trilobata.

Pseudobulbs 3.5—4 cm. long, +1.5 em. in diameter when dry,
cylindraceous, rugose, diphyllous. Leaves +3.9 dm. long, 1.5 em.
wide, linear, ligulate, acute, much longer than the flower shoot,
coriaceous, conspicuously five-nerved, passing gradually into the
sulcate petiole. Peduncle erect, stout, concealed belowby several
ample, imbricating, acute sheaths. Raceme +12 cm. long. Flo-
ral bracts up to 2 cm. long, 12 mm. wide, soon deciduous but
present at anthesis, conduplicate, enfolding and concealing the
whitish flowers, cuneate-ovate, acute, nervose. Pedicel and ovary
about 6 mm. long, smooth or slightly rough. Lateral sepals
7-8 mm. long, about 3.5 mm. wide, elliptic-oblong, rounded,
acute, strongly concave, lightly carinate dorsally along the me-
dian nerve, five-nerved. Dorsal sepal similar to the laterals,

[ 68 ]

ORCHIDACE

7 mm. long. Petals 7 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide, cuneate-
obovate, rounded at the apex, membranaceous. Labellum ad-
herent to the sides of the column nearly up to the stigmatic ori-
fice, forming a deep rounded sac, the free part dilated into a
rounded, triangular, acute, fleshy limb above. The anterior wall
of the sac provided with a fleshy, transverse callus. From the
base of the sac to the apiculate tip of the limb the labellum is
6 mm. long. Gynostemium arcuate, stout, with a three-lobed
terminal wing, the middle lobe rounded, the laterals triangular
with rounded tips. Rostellum slightly retuse. Anther with a
conspicuous retrorse, cucullate appendage in front.
Maret Paret Spur, Clemens 279, November 1915.

5. Pholidota pectinata Ames sp. nov. Pseudobulbi approxi-
mati, in sicco rugosi, obpyriformes vel semifusiformes. Folium
oblongo-ellipticum, acutum. Pedunculus folium aequans vel ex-
cedens. Racemus multiflorus. Bracteae inflorescentiae glumaceae,
persistentes. Sepala lateralia ad basim valde concava, ovata, acuta.
Sepalum dorsale simile. Petala ad basim cuneata, ad apicem
rotundata vel truncata. Labellum simplex, saccatum, in medio
bicarinatum, in laminam rotundatam productum. Gynostemium
simplex.

Pseudobulbs +2 cm. long, approximate, deeply rugose when
dry, yellowish, obpyriform to semi-fusiform, monophyllous, when
immature concealed, in dried specimens, by brown and closely
appressed sheaths. Leaf +1.5 dm. long, up to 1.5 cm. wide, ellip-
tic-oblong, acute, petiolate. Petiole slender, up to 7 cm. long.
Flower shoot equaling or exceeding the leaves, free from the
leaf but enclosed with it ina common tubular sheath. Peduncle
naked below the imbricating empty bracts that subtend the ra-
ceme. Raceme up to 8 cm. long, 1.5 cm. in its greatest diameter.

Flowers brown, distichously arranged, about 1.5 mm. apart. Bracts
[ 69 ]

ORCHIDACE

5-8 mm. long, broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, obliquely ascend-
ing, pectinate, exceeding the pedicellate ovary, glumaceous, ner-
vose, tinged with yellow in dried specimens. Pedicel with the
ovary 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, ovate,
acute, lightly carinate down the middle on the outer side, strongly
concave at the base and moulded round the saccate base of the
labellum. Dorsal sepal about 4 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, elliptic-
ovate, subacute. Petals about 4 mm. long, oblong, rounded or
even truncate at the tip, slightly cuneate below the middle, three-
nerved. Labellum strongly sigmoid, about equaling the lateral
sepals; basal half lightly saccate, limb oblong to about the middle
where it is prominently bicallose, then dilated to form a rounded
termination 2.5 mm. wide with a cuneate base. Distinct basal or
lateral lobes wanting. Gynostemium 2 mm. long, simple, fleshy.
Clinandrium entire. Rostellum bifid with a rounded sinus. Above
the middle the column expands into two ample rounded wings.

The inflorescence is not unlike that of Dendrochilum gramini-
Jolium (Ames) Pfitz. as illustrated in Orchidaceae 2 (1908) t. 22.
(PLATE 86.)

Mazer Pager Spun, Clemens 272, November 1915.

18. NABALUIA Ames zen. nov.

Flores monoclini, distichi. Sepala subaequalia, lateralia paulum
majora, valde concava, carinata. Petala linearia. Labellum trilo-
batum, leviter saccatum; saccus hemisphericus, discus lobi inter-
medii callo elevato hippocrepiformi instructus. Gynostemium
elongatum, apodum, apice membranaceo-dilatatum, lobulatum
vel denticulatum; clinandrium sub apice gynostemii submem-
branaceum, dilatatum. Anthera clinandrio immersa, incumbens,
bilocularis. Pollinia quattuor, complanata. Stigma excavatum.
Herbae epiphyticae, diphyllae; pseudobulbi elongati, folia cori-

[ 70 ]

ORCHIDACE

acea, pedunculus terminalis; bracteae florum sub anthesi de-
ciduae; flores racemosi; capsula trialata.

A genus which is allied with Coelogyne Lindl. through the
Philippine C. bilamellata Lindl. The hippocrepiform callus and
the sac of the three-lobed labellum are differentiating characters.

1. Nabaluia Clemensii Ames sp. nov. Radices crassae, ramo-
sae. Pseudobulbi leviter tetragoni, subcylindracei, leviter com-
pressi, statu juvenili vaginis magnis cymbiformibus tecti, diphylhi,
in sicco flavescentes. Folia petiolata, anguste oblongo-elliptica,
coriacea, prominenter quinquenervia, utrinque attenuata. Petiolus
sulcatus, rigidus. Pedunculus synanthus, folia adulta superans,
infra racemum nudus, squamis complanatis coriaceis imbricatis
ad basim inclusus. Bracteae inflorescentiae mox deciduae, glu-
maceae. Racemus laxus, elongatus, multiflorus. Flores distichi,
fusco-lutei. Sepala petalaque patentia. Sepala lateralia oblongo-
elliptica, acuta, valde concava, cymbiformia, carinata, ad apicem
cucullato-incrassata. Sepalum dorsale simile, valde concavum,
vix carinatum. Petala anguste oblonga, obtusa, trinervia. Label-
lum trilobatum, elongatum, ad basim in saccum productum; lobi
laterales prope basim labelli, anguste oblongi, obtusi, porrecti;
lobus medius ex isthmo distincto valde dilatatus, ad apicem re-
tusus, apiculatus. Callus incrassatus, erectus, hippocrepiformis.
Gynostemium elongatum, ad apicem in alam lobulatam dilata-
tum. Rostellum emarginatum.

Roots thick, coarse, branched, 2-3 mm. in diameter. Pseudo-
bulbs erect, +6.5 cm. long, +1 cm. in diameter, somewhat cylin-
draceous, apparently tetragonal, diphyllous, somewhat flattened,
yellowish in dried specimens. Leaves including the petiole 14—
15 cm. long, about 2 cm. wide, acute, coriaceous, prominently
five-nerved, the middle nerve especially prominent. Petiole about
5 em. long, rigid, sulcate. Peduncle +2 dm. long, erect from the

[ 71 J

ORCHIDACE

imbricating sheaths of the new growth, terminal, rigid, exceed-
ing the leaves of the mature pseudobulb. Raceme loosely and
approximately twenty-flowered, 1 dm. long. Bracts of the infio-
rescence +2 cm. long, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, glumaceous, ner-
vose, soon deciduous. Flowers about 11 mm. long, distichous,
yellowish or brownish, rather fleshy. Pedicel slender, ovary
three-winged, together with the pedicel about 8 mm. long. Lat-
eral sepals about 1 cm. long, oblong-elliptic, acute, strongly con-
cave, the tip thickened. Dorsal sepal similar, but weakly if at all
carinate. Petals about 1 cm. long, linear-oblong, obtuse, three-
nerved. Labellum 8-10 mm. long, three-lobed, produced at base
into a small, coriaceous, hemispherical sac 1.5 mm. deep; lateral
lobes 3-4 mm. long, less than 1 mm. wide, ascending or erect,
similar to the petals but much shorter, rounded at the apex; mid-
dle lobe about 6 mm. long, 5 mm. wide across the dilated apical
half, cuneate above the lateral lobes, retuse-apiculate at the
rounded tip, nerves prominent. Callus above the opening of the
sac, hippocrepiform-cucullate, adherent to the disc between the
lateral lobes and in part decurrent on them. Column slender at
base, dilated above to form an inconspicuously three-lobed, den-
ticulate or lobulate, terminal, flabellate wing, the lateral lobules
much reduced, obtuse. Rostellum lightly emarginate. Anther
cordate. Pollinia four, flattened. (PLATE 87.)

In the specimens of Clemens 268 the leaves are oblong-lan-
ceolate, about 25 cm. long, 2 cm. wide. Vegetatively the plants
are quite unlike the type, but in the structure of the flowers—al-
though the free ends of the callus are elongated—clearly refer-
able to it.

Kamsorancan, Clemens 210 (Type), November 1915; Clemens 111,
November 1915. Flower salmon. Maret Paret Spur, Clemens 395, Decem-
ber 1915; Clemens 268, November 1915. Flower greenish white with yellow
tinge and a brown spot on the lip.

[ 72 ]

ORCHIDACE/#
19. MALAXIS Soland. ex Sw.!

Heretofore but two species of Malaxis were reported from
Mount Kinabalu, although the Bornean representation of the
genus was nineteen.

1. Malaxis calophylla (Reichb. f:) O. K. Rev. Gen. 2 (1891)
673. Microstylis calophylla Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. II, 12
(1879) 718.

Penoxok River, Haviland. 3000 feet altitude.

2. Malaxis graciliscapa 4. & S. sp. nov. Rhizoma lignosum,
flexuosum, vaginis mox in fibras solutis vestitum. Caulis brevis,
decumbens, vaginis laxis tubulatis omnino obtectus, in basi ramo
(in hoe specimine abrupto) praeditus. Folia in ramo utroque plus
minusve approximata, elliptica, obtusa, basi rotundata, fere va-
gina sessilia, dorso carinata, margine crispata, tenuia. Peduncu-
lus gracilis, longissimus, suberectus, sub racemo bracteis remotis
reflexis ornatus. Rachis multiflora, prope apicem nutans. Brac-

1 In the study of species related to those from Mount Kinabalu the following nomenclatorial
changes have been found necessary :

1. Malaxis amplectens 4. § S. comb. nov. Microstylis amplectens J. J. Sm. in Ic. Bogor. 2
(1903) 39, t. 108 E.

2, Malaxis bidentifera A. & S. comb. nov. Microstylis bidentifera J. J. Sm. in Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. 48 (1912) 97.

3. Malaxis cordifolia A. § S. comb. nov. Microstylis cordifolia Rolfe in Kew Bull. (1899)
197.

4. Malaxis incurva A. & S. comb. nov. Microstylis incurva J.J. Sm. in Bull. Dépt. Agr.
Ind. Néerl. 19 (1908) 29.

5. Malaxis kinabaluensis 4. & S. comb. nov. Microstylis kinabaluensis Rolfe in Gibbs in
Journ. Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 146.

6. Malaxis moluccana 4. & S. comb. nov. Microstylis moluccana J. J.Sm.in Bull. Inst.
Buitenzorg 7 (1900) 2.

Malaxis moluceana var. sagittata 4. § S. comb. nov. Microstylis moluccana var. sagittata
J. J. Sm. in Nova Guinea 8 (1909) 32, t. 10.

7. Malaxis nigrescens 4. & S. comb. nov. Microstylis nigrescens J. J. Sm. in Nat. Tijdschr.
Ned. Ind. 58 (1898) 359.

8. Malaxis obovata A. & S. comb. nov. Microstylis obovata J. J. Sm. in Ic. Bogor. 2 (1903)
37, t. 108 D.

9. Malaxis xanthochila 4. & S. comb. nov. Microstylis xanthochila Schltr. in Schum. &
Laut. Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. (1905) 102.

[ 73 ]

ORCHIDACEA

teae inflorescentiae breviores, reflexae. Flores in visu pellucidi;
sepala apice late rotundata, trinervia, marginibus anterioribus
revolutis. Sepala lateralia lanceolato-ovata. Sepalum dorsale
lanceolato-oblongum. Petala linearia, apice truncata vel paulo
emarginata, uninervia. Labellum in circuitu subquadratum, au-
riculis basilaribus praeditum; lamina trilobata, basi callo parvo
transverso ornata; lobi laterales obtuse atque latissime trian-
gulares; lobus medius semiorbicularis, bilobatus, porrectus,
utrinque dente parvo oblongo obtuso praeditus; auriculae del-
toideae, parallelae vel paulum diversae. Gynostemium crassum,
bialatum.

Rhizome creeping, woody, flexuous, concealed by sheaths
which tardily become fibrous, striate-sulcate in the dried speci-
men. Stem about 5 cm. long, decumbent, entirely concealed by
the loose, tubular leaf sheaths. Leaves up to 5 cm. long, 1.7 cm.
broad, four to eight on each shoot, more or less approximate,
elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, rounded or cuneate below, almost
sessile on the leaf sheath, dorsally carinate, crisped on the mar-
gins, membranaceous in the dried condition. Peduncle with the
raceme about 42 cm. long, suberect, slender, with remote rarely
subopposite bracts. Bracts of peduncle +6 mm. long, subulate,
reflexed. Rachis about 16.5 cm. in height, nodding near the
apex, many-flowered. Floral bracts up to 4 mm. long, linear-
attenuate from a broad base, sulcate, thin, reflexed. Flower ap-
parently pellucid. Sepals broadly rounded at the apex, three-
nerved, with the anterior margins revolute. Lateral sepals about
2.7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide below the middle, lance-ovate.
Dorsal sepal about 3 mm. long, 1.2 mm. broad at the base,
lance-oblong. Petals about 2.5 mm. long, .65 mm. broad above,
linear, slightly broader near the apex, truncate or slightly retuse
at the tip, margins revolute, one-nerved. Lip subquadrate in

[ 74 ]

ORCHIDACEA

outline, provided with a basal pair of auricles; limb +2 mm.
long, 3 mm. broad, three-lobed, furnished at the base under the
column with a small transverse callus; lateral lobes very broadly
and obtusely triangular; middle lobe semi- to suborbicular,
bilobed, porrect, with a small, oblong, obtuse tooth on either
side; auricles about 1.5 mm. long, deltoid, rounded at the apex,
directed straight backward or slightly spreading. Column up to
1.4 mm. long, stout, two-winged. (PLATE 88.)

oe = escens (J. J. Sm.) A. & S. differs markedly from

a4 a a a Dee Re OT OS ey

A DINIDUDAIN AQ Ng PU UTTUUAE ULAW wren ear | wee een ewe _—-- OC SO +--+ >

4065, February 1910. 6000 feet altitude. In mossy forest. Flowers orange.
4. Malaxis multiflora A. & S. sp.nov. Herba erecta. Radi-

ces fibrosae, flexuosae. Caulis brevis, vaginis foliorum omnino
obtectus. Vaginae tubulatae, laxae, inflatae, scariosae. Petiolus
vix distinctus. Folia ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, ‘obliqua, acu-
minata, mucronata, basi late rotundata, tenuia, nervis tribus
prominentibus. Pedunculus strictus, usque ad racemum nudus,

angustissime pluri-alatus. Bracteae inflorescentiae lineares, acu-
[ 75 ]

ORCHIDACE

teae inflorescentiae breviores, reflexae. Flores in visu pellucidi;
sepala apice late rotundata, trinervia, marginibus anterioribus
revolutis. Sepala lateralia lanceolato-ovata. Sepalum dorsale
lanceolato-oblongum. Petala linearia, apice truncata vel paulo
emarginata, uninervia. Labellum in circuitu subquadratum, au-
riculis basilaribus praeditum; lamina trilobata, basi callo parvo
transverso ornata; lobi laterales obtuse atque latissime trian-
gulares; lobus medius semiorbicularis, bilobatus, porrectus,
utrinque dente parvo oblongo obtuso praeditus; auriculae del-

a sh a

ADDENDUM
Pace 75. After Malazis kinabaluensis add

3a. Malaxis latifolia Sm. in Rees Cycl. 22 (1819) No. 3.
Krinazatv, Haslam, July-August 1916.

attenuate from a broad base, sulcate, thin, reflexed. Flower ap-
parently pellucid. Sepals broadly rounded at the apex, three-
nerved, with the anterior margins revolute. Lateral sepals about
2.7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide below the middle, lance-ovate.
Dorsal sepal about 3 mm. long, 1.2 mm. broad at the base,
lance-oblong. Petals about 2.5 mm. long, .65 mm. broad above,
linear, slightly broader near the apex, truncate or slightly retuse
at the tip, margins revolute, one-nerved. Lip subquadrate in

[ey

ORCHIDACEA

outline, provided with a basal pair of auricles; limb +2 mm.
long, 3 mm. broad, three-lobed, furnished at the base under the
column with a small transverse callus; lateral lobes very broadly
and obtusely triangular; middle lobe semi- to suborbicular,
bilobed, porrect, with a small, oblong, obtuse tooth on either
side; auricles about 1.5 mm. long, deltoid, rounded at the apex,
directed straight backward or slightly spreading. Column up to
1.4 mm. long, stout, two-winged. (PLATE 88.)

Malaxis nigrescens (J. J. Sm.) A. & S. differs markedly from
M. graciliscapa in the form of the lip, while MZ. obovata(J. J.Sm.)
A. & S. has larger leaves, larger flowers, and broader petals. M.
commelinifolia (Zoll.) O. K. has much shorter leaves, a shorter
peduncle, shorter teeth on the lip, and flowers of two colors. 1.
bidentifera (J. J. Sm.) A. & S. has much larger leaves, a shorter
peduncle, smaller flowers, and different lip.

Maret Parer Spur, Clemens 258, November 1915. Flowers yellow.

3. Malaxis kinabaluensis (Rolfe) A. & S. comb. nov. Mi-
crostylis kinabaluensis Ro/fe in Gibbs in Journ. Linn. Soc. 42
(1914) 146.

This species closely resembles Malaxis cordifoha (Rolfe) A.
& S. in habit, but has longer, less caudate leaves, much shorter
and broader petals, and a broader terminal lobe to the lip.

PENIBUKAN RipcE, between the Dahobang and Kinitaki Rivers, Gibbs

4065, February 1910. 6000 feet altitude. In mossy forest. Flowers orange.

4. Malaxis multiflora 4. & S. sp.nov. Herba erecta. Radi-
ces fibrosae, flexuosae. Caulis brevis, vaginis foliorum omnino
obtectus. Vaginae tubulatae, laxae, inflatae, scariosae. Petiolus
vix distinctus. Folia ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, ‘obliqua, acu-
minata, mucronata, basi late rotundata, tenuia, nervis tribus
prominentibus. Pedunculus strictus, usque ad racemum nudus,

angustissime pluri-alatus. Bracteae inflorescentiae lineares, acu-
[ 75 ]

ORCHIDACE

minatae, carinatae, reflexae. Racemus densus; flores juvenes
patentes vel reflexi, in sicco pellucidi. Sepala lateralia late ovata,
obliquissima, obtusa, sub medio latiora, trinervia. Sepalum dor-
sale deltoideum, prope basim subito dilatatum, deinde ad apicem
obtusum angustatum, trinervium. Petala lineari-oblanceolata,
apice late rotundata, uninervia. Labellum subsagittiforme, auri-
culis binis parallelis vel approximatis praeditum; lamina integra,
obtusa vel subacuta, in medio carinis binis brevibus longitudi-
nalibus et basim propius tuberculo porrecto praedita; auriculae
deltoideo-lanceolatae, apicibus rotundatis. Gynostemium breve,
crassum, in basi tuberculo conspicuo papilloso decurvo instruc-
tum.

Plant erect. Roots fibrous, flexuous. Stem up to 4.5 cm. high,
entirely concealed by the leaf sheaths, which are tubular, loose,
inflated, scarious. Petiole indistinct, broadly winged. Leaves
five, up to 7.3 cm. long, 2.5 cm. broad, ovate to ovate-lanceo-
late, oblique, acuminate, mucronate, broadly rounded at the base,
membranaceous in the dried plant, with three prominent nerves;
the lowermost leaf much smaller than the upper ones, +1.3 cm.
long, 6 mm. broad. Peduncle including the raceme +13 cm. long,
strict, naked up to the inflorescence, provided with several very
narrow wings. Rachis +7 cm. long. Bracts of the raceme up to
4.5 mm. long, linear, acuminate, dorsally carinate, reflexed. Ra-
ceme dense; flowers at first spreading or reflexed, later ascend-
ing. Lateral sepals about 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, broadly ovate,
very oblique, obtuse, broadest below the middle, three-nerved.
Dorsal sepal about 3.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide near the base, del-
toid, abruptly widened near the base, thence narrowed to an ob-
tuse apex, three-nerved. Petals about 3.6 mm. long,.8 mm. broad,
linear-oblanceolate, broadest just above the middle, tapering to

each end, broadly rounded at the apex, one-nerved. Lip sub-
[ 76 |

ORCHIDACEA

sagittate; limb about 1.6 mm. long, 1.8mm. broad, entire, rounded
to an obtuse or subacute apex, provided in the middle with a
pair of short longitudinal dark keels and nearer the base, in the
center, with a forward pointing tubercle; auricles 1-1.5 mm.
long, deltoid-lanceolate, with rounded apices. Column about
1.5 mm. long, concave on the anterior surface, angled posteriorly,
with a prominent papillose decurved tubercle at the base.

The flowers show considerable range in size of perianth parts ;
the measurements given are of one of the larger flowers. In habit
this plant resembles Malaxis kinabaluensis (Rolfe) A. & S., but
the flower is different. M. Burbidgei (Reichb. f.) O. K. has longer
leaves, shorter scapes, acute sepals and petals, and smaller lip
auricles. M. moluccana var. sagittata (J. J. Sm.) A. & S. is sim-
ilar, but has much larger racemes, broader petals, and a differ-
ent lip callus. M.incurva (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., while nearly related,
is larger especially as regards the flowers and lip auricles. This
is a much smaller species than M. tubulosa (J. J.Sm.) Ames,
with orange instead of greenish-yellow flowers. From M. uncata
Ames, M. multiflora differs in the absence of the long pedicels
and in the peculiar lip calli. (PLATE 88.)

Kiau, Clemens 86, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower orange
with a black cap on column.

5. Malaxis variabilis 4. & S. sp. nov. Radices numerosae,
fibrosae, flexuosae. Rhizoma repens. Caulis brevis, crassus, leviter
flexuosus, vaginis tubuliformibus inflatis membranaceis omnino
obtectus. Petiolus brevis, alatus. Folia plus minusve approxi-
mata, lanceolata vel lanceolato-oblonga, basi latissime rotundata
et obliqua, deinde sensim longe acuminata, in visu tenuia, mar-
ginibus undulatis. Pedunculus plus minusve erectus, glaber.
Rachis nutans. Bracteae e basi lata ad apicem angustatae. Flores
juvenes in visu approximati, sed tardius remotiores. Sepala valde

[ey

ORCHIDACE

concava, late rotundata, leviter trinervia. Sepala lateralia rotun-
dato-ovata. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-ovatum. Petala breviora,
lineari-oblanceolata, apice late rotundata, uninervia. Labellum in
circuitu suborbiculare, trilobatum, in auriculas binas dorsales
extensum; lamina infra medium lata, basi in medio sulcata; lobi
laterales bidentati; lobus medius semiorbicularis, bilobatus; au-
riculae deltoideae, obtusae. Gynostemium breve, bialatum.
Roots numerous, fibrous, flexuous. Rhizome creeping. Stem
up to 7 cm. long, often once branched at the base, stout, slightly
flexuous, entirely concealed by the swollen, tubular, membra-
naceous leaf sheaths. Petioles short, broadly winged,merged with
the leaf sheaths. Leaves three to nine, more or less approximate,
upto 10.7cm. long, 3.2 cm. widenear the base, lanceolate orlance-
oblong, very broadly rounded and oblique at the base, broadly
dilated just above the base, then gradually long acuminate to
the apex, membranaceous in the dried plant, undulate on the
margins, with three or five prominent nerves. Peduncle includ- —
ing the raceme about 31 cm. in height, single or rarely two, erect
or nearly so, glabrous, provided with one or several linear bracts.
Rachis +20 cm. long, generally slightly nodding at the sum-
mit. Bracts up to 7 mm. long, narrowed from a broad base to
an obtuse apex. Flowers appearing crowded when immature, but
the fruiting pedicels scattered. Sepals strongly concave, broadly
rounded above, indistinctly three-nerved. Lateral sepals about
2.5 mm. long, 1.9 mm. wide, round-ovate. Dorsal sepal about
2.6 mm. long, 1.6 mm. broad, oblong-ovate. Petals about 2.2 mm.
long, .8 mm. wide near the apex, linear-oblanceolate, broadly
rounded above, one-nerved. Lip suborbicular in outline, three-
lobed, auriculate; limb +2.3 mm. long, 3.15 mm. wide below the
middle, sulcate at the base in the middle; lateral lobes extended

on each side into two or three linear triangular teeth, the outer
[ 78 ]

ORCHIDACE#

tooth on each side acutely or obtusely triangular; middle lobe
semi-orbicular, sharply bilobed; auricles about 1.1 mm. long,
deltoid, obtuse. Column less than 1 mm. long, two-winged.

Great variability is manifest in this species especially in leaf
proportions and lip characters, the middle lobe of the lip show-
ing a wide range of variation. The tendency toward inequality
and lack of uniformity in the teeth of the lip is noticeable in the
type only.

Malaaxis variabilis is a near relative of M. oculata (Reichb. f.)
O. K., which, however, has much shorter elliptic leaves, differ-
ently shaped lip, and yellow instead of purple flowers. JZ. am-
plectens (J. J. Sm.) A. & S. has much more numerous leaves and
a differently formed lip, while JZ. wanthochila (Schltr.) A. & S.
has more elliptic leaves and different details of lip. (PLATE 88.)

Clemens 156 shows a set of plants that are much more slen-
der than those of the type, with smaller leaves and little larger
flowers with large auricles. The Haslam collection exhibits a
much more robust form than the type with large flowers and
leaves up to 13.6 cm. long. The material from Sarawak (Native
Collector 1946), although closely matching other collections,
shows smaller less acuminate leaves than those of the type.

Kinapavu, Haslam, July-August 1916. Krav, Clemens 75 (Type), No-
vember 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower wine purple; Clemens 156, No-
vember 1915. Flower and stem purple, white end on column, purple fringe
to lip; Clemens 134, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower and stalk
purple. Sarawak, Native Collector 1946.

20. OBERONIA Lindi.

Heretofore sixteen species of this genus were recorded from
Borneo, twelve of these being endemic. Four species, which are
new, are herewith described from Mount Kinabalu.

I. Oberonia affinis 4. & S. sp. nov. Radices numerosae,

[ 79 ]

ORCHIDACE

fibrosae, flexuosae. Herba caulescens. Caules saepe approximati,
suberecti vel leviter arcuati, fiexuosi, vaginis foliorum omnino
obtecti. Folia disticha, equitantia, linearia, falcato-incurva, ad
apicem acutum sensim angustata, laxe patentia. Pedunculus
infra racemum perbrevis, pubescens, bracteatus. Rachis pubescens
vel tomentosa. Bracteae inflorescentiae lanceolatae, aristatae,
irregulariter fimbriatae. Racemus adscendens vel saepissime ar-
cuatus, multiflorus. Flores minuti, verticillati. Sepala ovata, con-
cava. Sepala lateralia acuta. Sepalum dorsale obtusum. Petala
linearia, apice abrupte rotundata. Labellum panduratum, basi
auriculis rotundatis praeditum, prope apicem in lobulos binos
suborbiculares erosos sinu lato separatos extensum. Ovarium
cellulari-tomentosum.

Roots numerous, fibrous, flexuous, +.5 mm. thick. Plant caul-
escent. Stem from the base of the plant to the base of the rachis
+15 em. tall, suberect or arcuate, regularly flexuous or sinuous,
entirely concealed by the leaf sheaths. Leaves +4.5 cm. long,
4 mm. thick dorso-ventrally just above the sheath, distichous,
equitant, linear, rarely linear-oblong, falcately incurved, broad-
est at the base, narrowed to an acute apex, provided below with
loose scarious sheaths, the basal and apical leaves much reduced
in size. Peduncle up to the raceme very short and inconspic-
uous, up to 1.4 cm. long, pubescent, covered with numerous
narrowly lanceolate bracts. Rachis up to 14 cm. long, pubescent
or tomentose. Bracts of the raceme about 2 mm. long, lanceolate,
irregularly fimbriate, aristate, sheathing the pedicel. Raceme
about 5 mm. wide, ascending or generally arcuate, sub-densely
many-flowered, the apical portion very remotely flowered.
Flowers minute, verticillate. Sepals less than 1 mm. long, con-
cave, tomentose without. Lateral sepals ovate, acute, oblique.

Dorsal sepal round-ovate, obtuse. Petals as long as the sepals,
[ 80 |

ORCHIDACEA

linear, abruptly rounded, obtuse or subacute at the apex. Lip, in-
cluding the basal auricles, about 1.5 mm. long, 1.85 mm. wide
across the apical lobes, pandurate, at the base thickened and
concave in the middle, extended back into two broadly rounded
auricles, gently narrowed to the middle, abruptly dilated above
the middle into a pair of spreading lobules which are suborbic-
ular, obtusely and irregularly erose, separated by a deep sinus.
Ovary cellular-tomentose.

This is a plant with many related species, hence the name.
Oberonia masarangica Schltr. has much longer denser leaves,
shorter stems, and erect racemes, but very similar flowers. O.
Oxystophyllum J. J. Sm. has denser, often longer, less falcate
leaves, rather smooth perianth, and much smaller lip. O. hespi-
dula Ames, while similar to this species in general appearance, is
very different in lip features. O. McGregori Ames has smaller
flowers, markedly ciliate sepals, and a different lip. There are
several other species related either vegetatively or in flower
structure. However, the narrow spreading linear-falcate loosely
disposed leaves and the long arcuate racemes are diagnostically
characteristic. Great variation in size of leaves and height of stem
is manifest. (PLATE 89.)

Lozonc Cave, Clemens 102 (Type), November 1915. 5000 feet altitude.
Flowers orange. Maret Pare Spur, Clemens 275, November 1915. Flowers
brown. Kiav, Clemens 380, December 1915. Flowers yellow.

2. Oberonia kinabaluensis 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba acaulis,
caespitosa, habitu O. Himert Ames et O. Costerianae J. J. Sm.
similis. Radices numerosae, fibrosae. Folia equitantia, longe lin-
earia, acuminata, leviter falcata, ad basim arcte imbricantia. Sca-
pus folia superans, suberectus, paulum flexuosus, bracteis sub inflo-
rescentia nonnullis anguste lanceolatis praeditus. Rachis glabra,
striata. Bracteae inflorescentiae anguste lanceolatae, irregulariter

[ 81 ]

ORCHIDACEA

erosae, per medium longitudinaliter incrassatae. Flores laxe sub-
verticillati. Sepala petalaque reflexa. Sepala persimilia, rotun-
dato-ovata, obtusa vel subacuta, concava. Petala oblonga, leviter
spathulata, apice late rotundata. Labellum in circuitu triangu-
lari-subquadratum, trilobatum; lobi laterales triangulares, obtusi,
marginibus lateralibus erosis praediti; lobus medius porrectus,
in lobulos oblongos rotundatos patentes ad medium sinu magno
divisus. Ovarium hexagonum.

Plant stemless, caespitose, similar in habit to Oberonia Elmert
Ames and O. Costeriana J. J.Sm. Roots numerous, fibrous, flexu-
ous, glabrous, up to 1 mm. thick. Leaves usually five, three well
developed and two smaller basal ones, equitant, elongate-linear,
closely imbricated at the sheathing scarious-margined base, free
portion up to 17 em. long, 9 mm. thick dorso-ventrally at the
middle, strict, acuminate, gently falcate, with a tendency to
thicken in development. Peduncle surpassing the leaves espe-
cially in age, terminal, gently flexuous-suberect, striate, provided
below the raceme with several ascending, narrowly lanceolate,
erose bracts. Inflorescence up to 15cm. long, 1.4.cm. wide in course
of development. Rachis glabrous, deeply striate, the apical por-
tion (up to 1.6 em. or more in length) flowerless and provided only
with irregular whorls of appressed bracts. Bracts +3.2 mm. long,
narrowly lanceolate, shallowly and irregularly erose, concave,
longitudinally thickened down the middle. Flowers loosely sub-
verticillate. Sepals and petals reflexed. Sepals very similar, about
1.4 mm. long, shortly round-ovate, obtuse or subacute, strongly
concave. Petals about 1.5 mm. long, oblong, slightly spatulate,
broadly rounded above, upper margins irregularly and very shal-
lowly denticulate. Lip triangular-subquadrate in outline, three-
lobed, about 2.25 mm. long, at the base nearly 2.25 mm. broad
across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes triangular, acuminate to an

[ 82 ]

ORCHIDACE/#

obtuse apex, bluntly irregularly and deeply erose on the lateral
margins, separated from the middle lobe by a deep scarcely
noticeable sinus; middle lobe porrect, divided as far as the mid-
dle by a deep broad sinus, into two oblong rounded spreading
lobules, a small triangular tooth at the base of the sinus. Ovary
hexagonal.

Clemens 328 shows several specimens that are smaller than
the mature plants of the type. The plants from Lobong Cave are
less mature than those from Kiau, with shorter broader leaves
(up to 1.2 cm. wide), which have a more fleshy texture.

Oberonia kinabaluensis is very similar to O. Costeriana J. J.
Sm., but with generally smaller laxer leaves, salmon instead of
brown flowers, and a very different mid-lobe of the lip. It has
much narrower leaves, petals which are twice as large, and longer
lip than O. dubia J. J. Sm. It is almost identical in habit with
O. Elmeri Ames, but varies in the petals, lip, and color of the
flowers. (PLATE 89.)

Krav, Clemens 329 (Type), November 1915. Flowers salmon; Clemens

328, November 1915. Lozone Cave, Clemens 104.4, November 1915. 5000

feet altitude; Clemens 102.4, November 1915. 5000 feet altitude.

3. Oberonia patentifolia 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba caulescens.
Caulis erectus vel erecto-patens, regulariter flexuosus, vaginis
foliorum omnino obtectus. Folia disticha, equitantia, ensiformia,
obtusa, erecto-patentia, non incurva; folia suprema ac infima
multo minora. Pedunculus infra racemum perbrevis, striatus, ver-
ticillo bractearum ornatus. Racemus arcuatus. Rachis densissime
pubescens. Bracteae inflorescentiae triangulares vel lanceolatae,
concavae, valde fimbriatae. Flores subdensi, verticillati, prope
apicem laxiores. Perianthium reflexum. Sepala concava. Sepala
lateralia ovata, obtusa, mucronata. Sepalum dorsale rotundato-
ovatum, late obtusum. Petala ovato-oblonga, acuta. Labellum

[ 83 ]

ORCHIDACEA

panduratum, utrinque in medio constrictum, in auriculas binas
dorsales falcatas obtusas extensum, parte anteriore in lobulos
binos approximatos semi- vel suborbiculares abrupte dilatatum.

Plant caulescent. Stem from the base of the plant to the base
of the raceme, +23 cm. tall, erect or erect-spreading, regularly
flexuous or sinuous, entirely concealed by the leaf sheaths.
Leaves (measuring the outer margin to the leaf blade next
below) +7 em. long, (measuring the inner margin tothe blade next
above) +6 em. long, +1 em. thick dorso-ventrally below, distich-
ous, equitant, ensiform, gradually narrowed to an obtuse or mi-
croscopically truncate apex, spreading-ascending, not incurved,
the uppermost and lowermost leaves markedly shorter than the
intermediate ones. Peduncle below the raceme about 1.4 cm. long,
striate, provided with an irregular whorl of lanceolate bracts, gla-
brous below, pubescent above. Raceme about 12 cm. long, 5 mm.
broad, arcuate; rachis densely pubescent. Bracts of the raceme
triangular to lanceolate, concave, deeply fimbriate, sparsely pu-
bescent without. Flowers minute, verticillate, rather dense, looser
toward the apex. Perianth reflexed. Sepals concave. Lateral
sepals about 1.25 mm. long, ovate, obtuse, mucronate. Dorsal
sepal about 1.25 mm. long, round-ovate, broadly obtuse. Petals
about 1 mm. long, ovate-oblong, acute. Lip about 1.4 mm. long,
1.1 mm. wide at the base and near the apex, pandurate, con-
stricted in the middle, extended back into two spreading, broadly
faleate, obtuse auricles, the anterior portion abruptly dilated into
two semi- or suborbicular lobules which are scarcely spreading,
but are sometimes slightly overlapping. Column short. Ovary
very densely pubescent.

The material gathered by Clemens at Kiau consists of two
plants that are much smaller and less robust (one with a spike

up to 17.5 cm. long) than the type; the flowers are less ad-
[ 84 ]

ORCHIDACEA

vanced and the terminal part of the raceme bears only whorls
of bracts.

This species is very close to the Philippine Oberonia hispidula
Ames, but it shows several distinct differences. In .O. hispidula
the leaves are gently but distinctly falcate-incurved, the bracts
are aristate, the flowers smaller and greenish. O. mindorensis
Ames has blunt leaves and greenish flowers which are different
in detail. O. padangensis Schltr. is a similar plant with fewer
leaves and broader racemes of larger flowers. O. pleistophylla
Schltr. possesses denser incurved leaves, erect racemes, and green
flowers with a different lip. (PLATE 90.)

Lozone Cave, Clemens 104 (Type), November 1915. 5000 feet altitude.

Flowers brown. Krav, Clemens 27, November 1915. Flowers tan brown.

4. Oberonia triangularis 4. & S. sp. nov. Radices fibrosae,
flexuosae, longitudinaliter sulcatae. Herba caulescens. Caulis flex-
uosus, in visu erectus, foliis omnino obtectus. Folia disticha, equi-
tantia, valde imbricantia, a latere visa triangularia apparentia,
marginibus superioribus anguste scariosis. Pedunculus infra ra-
cemum perbrevis, striatus, verticillis bractearum fimbriatarum ob-
tectus. Racemus arcuato-flexuosus. Rachis densissime pubescens.
Bracteae inflorescentiae lanceolatae, concavae, fimbriatae. Flores
subverticillati, in medio racemi densissimi, parte apicali rachidis
omnino deficientes. Sepala lateralia ovata, acuta. Sepalum dor-
sale rotundato-ovatum, obtusum. Petala anguste ovata. Label-
lum sepalis majus, in circuitu triangulari-subquadratum vel sub-
quadratum, basi truncatum, apice bilobatum. Ovarium densis-
sime tomentosum.

Roots fibrous, flexuous, furrowed, up to 1 mm. thick. Plant
caulescent. Stem about 9.7 cm. tall from the base of the plant to
the base of the raceme, regularly flexuous or sinuous, entirely
concealed by the leaves. Leaves distichous, equitant, closely im-

[ 85 ]

~

ORCHIDACEA

bricated so that each blade appears triangular, about 2.2 cm.
long on the lower margin, about 1.7 cm. long on the upper mar-
gin, and about 7 mm. across the widest part of the blade; the
upper margin narrowly scarious, extending about 5 mm. beyond
the leaf above and more or less narrowed to an obtuse tip. Pe-
duncle below the raceme 7 mm. long, striate, thickly covered with
whorls of lanceolate, fimbriate bracts. Raceme about 8 cm. long,
4. mm. wide, arcuate-flexuous. Rachis striate, closely pubescent.
Bracts of the raceme lanceolate, concave, deeply fimbriate.
Flowers subverticillate, very dense in the middle of the raceme,
looser below and above, near the apex the rachis provided only
with whorls of appressed bracts. Lateralsepals about 1.1mm. long,
ovate, acute. Dorsal sepal about 1.1 mm. long, round-ovate, more
or less obtuse. Petals about 1 mm. long, narrowly ovate. Lip much
larger than the sepals, about 1.5 mm. long and equally broad at
the base, in outline triangularly subquadrate or subquadrate, the
base broadly truncate and extended into short rounded auricles,
above the auricles the limb gradually contracting to a deeply
bilobed apex, the lobules broadly rounded, the sinus narrow, the
apices slightly converging; disc slightly concave and thickened
in the middle near the base. Another form of lip is definitely sub-
quadrate in outline and about equally wide near the base and
apex. Ovary densely tomentose.

This species closely resembles Oberonia aporophylla Reichb. f.
vegetatively, but differs markedly in the flower. O. spathulata
Lindl. also suggests O. triangularis superficially. The deeply im-
bricating leaves with short free apices give this species a distine-
tive appearance, but the single specimen that constitutes the type
fails to show the variation that is highly probable. Another col-
lection, Clemens 275 A, represents a form with somewhat shorter
clustered stems, more spreading sub-fleshy leaves and deflexed

[ 86 ]

ORCHIDACEA

racemes which are less than 3 cm. in length. This form as well as
the type is figured in the plate. (PLATE 90.)

Lozone Cave, Clemens 104 B (Type), November 1915. 5000 feet alti-
tude. Maret Parer Spur, Clemens 275 A, November 1915.

21. LIPARIS L. C. Rich.

Twenty-two members of this genus have previously been re-
corded from Borneo of which four are found on Mount Kina-
balu. Five new species are described below.

I. Liparis (§ Distichae) disticha (7'how.) Lindl. in Bot. Reg.
(1825) sub t. 882. Malaxis disticha Thou. Hist. Pl. Orch. (1822)
t. 89.

Gurvuau, above Kiau Ridge, Gibbs 4014, February 1910. 5000 feet al-
titude. Epiphytic in primary forest. Flowers reddish.

2. Liparis (§ Mollifoliae) grandis 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba
robusta. Rhizoma lignosum. Radices fibrosae, striato-sulcatae,
rigidae. Pseudobulbi monophylli, parvi, inconspicui. Folium
majus, elliptico-lanceolatum vel anguste oblanceolatum, acumi-
natum, ad basim longe angustatum, subcoriaceum, nervis cir-
citer quinque subtus prominentibus. Petiolus longus, condupli-
catus, in laminam folii transeuns. Pedunculus basi folii approxi-
matus, folium superans, e basi breviter decumbenti erectus,
teres, basi vaginis nonnullis imbricantibus et bracteis lanceolatis
remotis subadpressis usque ad inflorescentiam praeditus. Rachis
levissime arcuata. Bracteae inflorescentiae anguste lanceolatae,
acuminatae. Racemus laxissimus. Pedicellus filiformis. Perianth-
ium in sicco pellucidum. Sepala lateralia linearia, apice cucullato
obtusa. Sepalum dorsale paulo angustius. Petala anguste line-
aria, obtusa. Labellum e basi cuneata in laminam suborbicu-
larem vel interdum late ellipticam dilatatum, subito conspicue
mucronatum, marginibus anterioribus eroso-crenulatis, ad basim

[ 87 ]

ORCHIDACEA

callo a-formi instructum. Gynostemium in positu naturali valde
arcuatum.

Plant stout. Rhizome .5-1 cm. thick, woody, concealed by
sheaths. Roots +1 mm. thick, fibrous, flexuous, rigid, striate-sul-
cate, apparently unbranched. Pseudobulb monophyllous, small
and very inconspicuous, closely wrapped by the base of the pe-
tiole and indicated only by a slight dilation. Leaf +30 cm. long,
5 em. wide, elliptic-lanceolate oblong-lanceolate or narrowly ob-
lanceolate, acuminate above, gradually narrowed to a compli-
cate or conduplicate base, erect or erect-spreading, subcoriace-
ous, many-nerved with five nerves prominent beneath. Petiole
+10 em. long, conduplicate, merged into the leaf blade. Scape
approximate to the leaf base, 40-60 cm. long, surpassing the leaf,
rigidly suberect from a shortly decumbent base, terete, clothed
at the base with several lanceolate imbricating scarious sheaths
and apparently enclosed—together with the base of the petiole
—1in one or more narrowly lanceolate sheaths, provided—up to
the rachis—with remote, lanceolate, appressed or ascending
bracts. Rachis 22-36 cm. long, slightly arcuate above. Bracts of
the inflorescence +1.2 cm. long, narrowly lanceolate, clasping at
base, long acuminate to the apex. Pedicel 2-3 cm. long, filiform,
ascending, the ovary short and little thickened. Perianth in the
dried specimen pellucid. Lateral sepals about 1.25 em. long,
2.5 mm. broad across the lower half, linear-lanceolate, gradually
narrowed to an obtuse cucullate apex. Dorsal sepal linear, about
1.25 cm. long, 2 mm. wide, similar. Petals about 1.3 cm. long,
1.5 mm. broad, linear, obtuse. Lip about 1.3 cm. long, 8-9 mm.
broad, dilated from a cuneate base into a suborbicular or rarely
broadly elliptic limb, abruptly mucronate, the forward margins
erose-crenulate, provided with a a- or A-shaped callus at the
base, the middle nerve thickened and carinate beneath. Column

[ 88 ]

ORCHIDACEA

in natural position 3.5—4 mm. long, strongly arcuate, thickened
at the base, provided above with arounded membranaceous wing.

This species has several allies. The plant is taller, the leaves are
longer and narrower, with longer petioles and lip than Liparis
mataanensis J. J. Sm. L. tricallosa Reichb. f. has several shorter
leaves, an obtuse instead of sharply mucronate lip and a suberect
column. Unlike LZ. acaulis Schltr., the scape of this species ex-
ceeds the leaf and the flower has a different callus. The Philippine
LL. jarensis Ames! is particularly closely allied, but it has slender
scapes much shorter than the leaves and slightly smaller flowers.

The tall stout scapes of this plant with the many-flowered
lax racemes of large flowers and the mucronate lip are charac-
teristic marks.

Krvazatu, Haslam, July—August 1916.

3. Liparis (§ Mollifoliae) kamborangensis 4. & S. sp. nov.
Herba humilis, erecta. Pseudobulbi parvi, pyriformes, approxi-
mati. Folium singulum, ovatum, acuminatum, petiolo longe
vaginanti praeditum. Pedunculus leviter flexuosus vel suberec-
tus. Bracteae inflorescentiae anguste lanceolatae, obtusae, sul-
catae, carinatae. Sepala lateralia lanceolato-oblonga, obtusa,
apice minute cucullata. Sepalum dorsale persimile. Petala line-
aria, obtusa, circinnata. Labellum cuneato-subquadratum, parte
apicali leviter triangulari, conspicue apiculatum, margine ante-
riore utrinque dentibus septem subulatis irregularibus praedi-
tum, prope basim callis duobus subparallelis instructum. Gyno-
stemium arcuatum,e basi lata ad partem superiorem angustatum.

Plant small, stout, strict, up to 16.5 cm. or more tall. Roots
fibrous, apparently few and unbranched, closely white lanate.
Pseudobulbs approximate, +8 mm. tall, pyriform, oblique. Leaf
about 4 cm. long, 2.5 em. wide, spreading, broadly ovate, acu-

1 For description cf. page 293.
[ 89 ]

ORCHIDACEAE

minate, complicate at the rounded base. Peduncle when imma-
ture flexuous-suberect with the raceme arcuate, when mature
erect or nearly so, narrowly two-winged or sulcate, enveloped at
the base by the sheathing petiole. Rachis +5 cm. long. Bracts of
the raceme +8 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, obtuse, conspicu-
ously carinate, sulcate-concave, ascending. Flowers somewhat
lax. Lateral sepals about 6.6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide at the base,
lance-oblong, obtuse, carinate, minutely cucullate at the apex,
three-nerved, sharply reflexed. Dorsal sepal very similar. Petals
about 6.85 mm. long, .75 mm. wide at the base, linear, very grad-
ually narrowed from below to a rounded apex, one-nerved, some-
what circinnate. Lip about 6 mm. long, cuneate-subquadrate,
prominently apiculate, gradually dilated from the base to the
broadly flattened-triangular anterior portion which is nearly
6 mm. wide, the apical margins provided on each side of the
prominent narrowly triangular apicule with about seven subu-
late irregular undulate teeth, the lateral marginsgently concave;
near the base of the lip there are two indistinct, oblong, subpar-
allel, distant calli. Column about 3.7 mm. long, strongly arcuate,
gradually contracted from the broad base to the upper portion,
with a pair of small rounded wings at the apex.
There are apparently no near allies of this little plant.
KamporancaH, Clemens 220, November 1915. Flower purple.

4. Liparis (§ Coriifoliae) latifolia Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch.
(1830) 30.
Krav, Clemens 180, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower red,
tip grading to salmon, column cream color.
5. Liparis (§ Distichae) lingulata 4. & S. sp. nov. Rhizoma
gracile, lignosum, vaginis scariosis imbricantibus vestitum. Ra-
dices numerosae, fibrosae, longitudinaliter sulcatae. Pseudobulbi

approximati vel subremoti, longi-rostrati, monophylli. Folium
[ 90 ]

ORCHIDACEA

anguste lineare, apice complicato acutum, basim pedunculi plus
minusve vaginans, rigidum, erectum, subcoriaceum. Peduncu-
lus cum inflorescentia semper folium excedens, bialatus. Rachis
brevis. Bracteae distichae, approximatae vel imbricatae, condu-
plicatae. Flores succedanei, parvi. Sepala lateralia lanceolato-
ovata, apice incrassato cucullata, obtusa, leviter obliqua, nervis
tribus subapproximatis. Sepalum dorsale lanceolatum, apice
obtusum et paulum incrassatum, nervis similibus praeditum.
Petala spathulato-linearia, e basi perangusta sensim dilatata,
apice rotundata, uninervia. Labellum in circuitu triangulari-lin-
gulatum, ad basim plica magna utrinque instructum, deinde
fere ad medium constrictum, tum in laminam ovatam trun-
catam extensum. Callus magnus, transverse oblongus ad basim
in medio stat. Gynostemium breve et crassum, basi latissimum,
in parte superiore alis binis parallelis porrectis rotundatis in-
structum.

Plant slender. Rhizome 1.5-2 mm. thick, slender, woody,
clothed with short imbricated scarious sheaths. Roots about
.6 mm. thick, numerous, fibrous, flexuous, longitudinally sul-
cate. Pseudobulbs approximate or asmuch as 1 cm.apart, + 3 cm.
long, 5 mm. wide below, monophyllous, more or less gradually
attenuated from a pyriform base to the long closely striate neck,
sheathed when young. Leaf +15.7 cm. long, 6 mm. wide across
the slightly broader upper portion, narrowly linear, acute at the
complicate-mucronate apex, more or less sheathing the base of
the peduncle, rigid, erect, subcoriaceous, many-nerved. Peduncle
with the inflorescence +21 cm. long, always surpassing the leaf,
two-winged, about 1.4mm. wide in the middle and a little wider
just beneath the inflorescence. Rachis 1-4 cm. long, zigzag.
Bracts +5 mm. long, alternately distichous, closely approximate

or imbricating, conduplicate, ascending. Flowers successive,
[ 91 ]

ORCHIDACE

small. Lateral sepals about 4.5 mm. long, 2.25 mm. broad, lance-
ovate, apex thickened cucullate and obtuse, slightly oblique,
with three subapproximate nerves. Dorsal sepal about 5 mm.
long, 1.75 mm. wide near the base, lanceolate, obtuse at the
slightly thickened tip, with three approximate nerves. Petals
about 4.8 mm. long, scarcely 1 mm. wide near the apex, spat-
ulate-linear, gradually broadened from a very narrow base to
the rounded apex, one-nerved. Lip in natural position about
3.4 mm. long, 2.9 mm. broad near the base, triangular-lingulate
in outline; disc short-clawed, extended on each side, from a
broad rounded base, into a conspicuous fold then abruptly con-
tracted to about the middle from which point extended into an
ovate limb which is truncate at the apex with a small central
rounded callus. There is a large transversely oblong callus which
is situated, near the base, in the middle and just below the folds.
Column about 2 mm. long and nearly as broad at the base,
gradually narrowed from the base, with a pair of parallel por-
rect triangular rounded wings above.

There are several rather near allies of this species. Liparis
pseudo-disticha Schltr. has leaves about equaling the flowering
peduncles and differently colored, smaller flowers with a larger
lip. L. Gyellerupu J. J. Sm. possesses shorter pseudobulbs, a
scape which about equals the leaves and a differently propor-
tioned lip. It is vegetatively a much smaller plant than L. geel-
vinkensis J. J. Sm. The very similar L. lobongensis Ames has a
much larger callose lip and differently colored flowers. L. gau-
tierensis J. J. Sm. is a much larger species than L. lingulata.

Krav, Clemens 324, November 1915. Flower salmon.

6. Liparis (§ Distichae) lobongensis Ames sp. nov. Pseudo-
bulbi approximati, monophylli. Folium lineare, acutum, scapo

longius. Scapus bialatus. Racemus complanatus. Bracteae inflo-
[ 92 ]

ORCHIDACE

rescentiae distichae. Flores succedanei. Sepala lateralia oblonga,
acuta, valde reflexa. Petala erecta, oblanceolata vel spathulata.
Labellum obscure trilobatum ; lobi laterales parvi; lobus medius
oblongo-ovatus, truncatus, pro parte papillosus; discus ad basim
callosus. Gynostemium breve, crassum.

Pseudobulbs 5-10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. in diameter, approxi-
mate, minute, pyriform, attenuated toward the leaf base, mono-
phyllous, rugose. Leaf 22-36 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, linear,
grass-like when dry, acute, articulated. Petiole 14-24 mm. long,
persistent. Scape up to 24 cm. long, shorter than the leaf, con-
spicuously two-winged, naked below the inflorescence. Raceme
1.5-4.5 em. long, elongating during anthesis, about 1 cm. wide.
Bracts of the raceme 6 mm. long, distichous, lanceolate, acute,
approximate, persistent, obliquely ascending, rigid, shorter than
the pedicellate ovary. Flowers yellow, opening in succession,
rarely more than one present at a time. Lateral sepals 5.5 mm.
long, about 2.5 mm. wide, oblong, acute, reflexed, margins re-
volute. Dorsal sepal pendent, similar to the laterals. Petals 6 mm.
long, 1-1.25 mm. wide above the middle, erect, linear-oblan-
ceolate, obtuse, attenuated below the middle. Labellum 5 mm.
long, somewhat three-lobed, sharply reflexed above the base;
lateral lobes rounded, each forming an auricle thickened with
a convex bullate callus; middle lobe 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide,
oblong-ovate, lingulate, truncate, papillose on the margins and
distal half, the middle of the upper half smooth, depressed. Disc
smooth with a large three-lobed callus near the column. Column
very short and stout, 2 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, with two
blunt triangular wings just below the stigma.

A large collection of specimens, Clemens 103, shows much
smaller vegetative proportions and considerably smaller lip of

the same peculiar character.
| 93 |

ORCHIDACE

The details of the flower recall Liparis Janowskyi J. J. Sm.,
a native of New Guinea.

Lozone, Clemens 219 (Type), October 1915; Clemens 103, November
1915.

7. Liparis (§ Densiflorae) longipes Lindl. in Wall. Pl. As.
Rar. 1 (1830) 31, t. 35.

Krav, Clemens, October 1915. Flowers white; Clemens 35, November
1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flowers white; Clemens 38, November 1915.
3000 feet altitude. Flowers white; Clemens 49, November 1915. 3000
feet altitude. Flowers white ; Clemens 90, November 1915. 3000 feet al-
titude. Flowers white; Clemens 175, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude.
Flowers greenish white; Clemens 337, November 1915. 2500-3000 feet
altitude. Flowers cream color. Gurutau Spur, Clemens 312, November
1915. +4000 feet altitude. Flowers cream color.

8. Liparis (§ Distichae) pandurata dimes sp. nov. Pseudo-
bulbi pyriformes, elongati, monophylli. Folium ligulatum, acu-
tum, scapo longius. Bracteae inflorescentiae distichae, falcatae,
acutae. Flores succedanei, eodem tempore singuli vel perpauci
aperti. Sepala lateralia oblonga, acuta. Sepalum dorsale simile.
Petala lineari-triangularia, acuta. Labellum panduratum, apice
retusum, apiculatum, margine denticulato. In disco callus bi-
cornutus. Gynostemium valde arcuatum.

Rhizome stout, creeping. Pseudobulbs +5 cm. long, elongated,
pyriform, attenuated above into a slender complanate neck,
monophyllous, concealed by three diverging ensiform sheaths.
Leaf +3 dm. long, 2 cm. wide, ligulate, acute, narrowed into a
conduplicate petiole, deciduous. Scape +2 dm. long, shorter than
the leaf, conspicuously two-winged, naked below the raceme,
at base sheathed by the leaf. Racemes +5 cm. long. Bracts of
the inflorescence 7 mm. long, faleate, acute, conduplicate, rigid,
obliquely ascending, shorter than the pedicellate ovary, closed at
the end. Flowers dark salmon, opening in succession, usually only

one fully open at a time. Lateral sepals 8 mm. long, about 3 mm.
[ 94 ]

ORCHIDACEA

wide, oblong, contracted at the apex into a terete point, reflexed,
pendent. Dorsal sepal similar to the laterals, reflexed, pendent.
Petals about 6.5 mm. long, linear-triangular, acute, reflexed. La-
bellum pandurate, about 8 mm. long, 12 mm. wide near the retuse
apiculate apex, ascending for 1.5 mm. then sharply reflexed,
apical margin irregularly serrate-dentate; at base near the col-
umn a bi-cornute callus is situated. Column strongly arched above
the middle, the tip of the anther cap pointing downward.
Allied to the Philippine Liparis nutans Ames, but clearly
distinguished by the toothed apex of the pandurate labellum.
Losone, Clemens 117, November 1915.

g. Liparis(§ Densiflorae) parviflora Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch.
(1830) 31.

Kiav, Clemens 350, November 1915. Flower cream with red on tongue.

10. Liparis (§ Coriifoliae) stricta J. J. Sm. in Bull. Dépt.
Agr. Ind. Néerl. 5 (1907) 3.

A large number of specimens collected on Mount Kinabalu,
together with several collections from the neighborhood of Sara-
wak, must be referred to this species. All these specimens show
an apiculate lip, a character not mentioned in the description,
and the leaves are markedly narrower than those attributed to
this plant. Some of the leaves measure 6 cm. in length and 1 em.
in width.

Kinazaw, Haslam, July-August 1916. Krav, Clemens 35.4, November
1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower white; Clemens 37, November 1915. 3000
feet altitude. Flower whitish-green, column yellow; Clemens 46, Novem-
ber 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower greenish with orange column ; Clem-
ens 77, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower creamy white; Clem-
ens 189, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower cream with yellow
lip and column; Clemens 141, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower
cream with yellow petals. Gurutau Rince, Clemens 3U6, November 1915.
5000 feet altitude. Losonc Cave, Clemens 119, November 1915. 5000
feet altitude. Flower cream with salmon column. Sarawak, Native Col-

[ 95 J

ORCHIDACE.Z

lector 1348. Mount Supan, Native Collector 2097, February—June 1914.
Flower pale yellow. Mounr Sanrusone, Nateve Collector 2245, February—
June 1914. “FI. red.”

22, ARUNDINA Bi.

Five species of this genus are now reported from Borneo, three
of which are recorded from Mount Kinabalu. Except for the
one new species, none of the plants are endemic.

1. Arundina Cantleyi Hook. f: Fl. Brit. Ind. 5 (1890) 858.

A very variable form with leaves ranging from 5-12 cm. in
length, larger bracts than the type and oblanceolate petals.

Mare! Parer Spur, Clemens 272, November 1915. Flowers white and

yellow; Clemens 266 A, November 1915.

2. Arundina gracilis 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba gracilis, alta.
Caulis erectus, vaginis coriaceis foliorum omnino obtectus. Folia
disticha, patentia, linearia, apice rotundata vel paulum bilobata,
basi plus minusve amplectentia, sensim acuminata, nervo medio
supra sulcato, subtus carinato. Inflorescentia terminalis, simplex,
brevis, nutans vel reflexa, foliis multo brevior. Rachis pauciflora.
Bracteae valde cymbiformi-conduplicatae, prope apicem con-
spicue alato-carinatae, ovaria aequantes et amplectentes. Se-
pala lateralia oblongo-lanceolata, complicato-mucronata, plus mi-
nusve falcata, carinata in parte superiore praesertim. Sepalum dor-
sale anguste ellipticum, acutum, sepalis lateralibus paulo longius
et latius. Petala linearia, circa in medio latiora, leviter falcata,
abrupte obtusa vel subacuta. Labellum in circuitu ovato-oblon-
gum, in medio trilobatum; lobi laterales parvi, triangulari-ob-
longi, rotundati; lobus medius oblongo-subquadratus, late trun-
catus, apiculatus; carinae tres, undulatae, e basi usque ad partem
anteriorem lobi medii extendunt, carinula brevis utrinque stat.
Gynostemium apodum, gracile, arcuatum, in parte superiore
alatum.

[ 96 |

ORCHIDACEA

Plant relatively slender, up to more than 40 cm. tall (stem
broken off). Stem erect or nearly so, terete, entirely concealed
by the close coriaceous striate leaf sheaths, including these up
to 5 mm. thick. Leaves up to 12.5 cm. long, 1.8 em. wide near
the base, distichous, spreading, linear, gradually narrowed from
a rounded subclasping base to a rounded or minutely unequally
bilobed apex, rigid, thick, coriaceous, with revolute margins; the
mid-nerve strongly sulcate above and carinate beneath; the up-
permost leaves abruptly much smaller. Internodes +1.5 em. long.
Inflorescence about 1 cm. long, terminal, nodding or reflexed,
racemose, springing from the uppermost of several abruptly
shortened internodes, markedly exceeded by the upper leaves.
Rachis bearing three orfour flowers, zigzag, glabrous. Bracts about
1.4 cm. long, apparently somewhat broader when expanded,
strongly cymbiform-conduplicate, near the apex prominently
wing-keeled, enveloping and about equaling the pedicellate ovary,
the lowest bracts often with long foliaceous tips. Lateral sepals
about 2 cm. long, 6.5 mm. broad, oblong-lanceolate, complicate-
mucronate, somewhat obliquely falcate, seven-nerved, mid-nerve
carinate especially near the apex. Dorsal sepal about 2.25 cm.
long, 7.5 mm. broad across the middle, narrowly elliptic, acute,
about nine-nerved. Petals about 2.1 cm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, lin-
ear, slightly faleate, gradually narrowed from about the middle
to the base and to the apex which is abruptly contracted to
an obtuse or subacute tip. Lip ovate-oblong in outline, three-
lobed at about the middle, about 1.7 cm. long, 1 cm. broad across
the side lobes; lateral lobes small, free part about 2.7 mm. long,
2.5 mm. broad at the base, triangular-oblong, broadly rounded at
the apex; middle lobe much larger, about 7.5 mm. long, 5.5 mm.
wide at the base, oblong-subquadrate, broadly truncate, apicu-
late; three fleshy undulate keels extend from the thickened base

[ 97 ]

ORCHIDACEZ

of the lip to a point near the apex of the middle lobe, on each
side a shorter supplementary keel running from the middle of
the lateral lobes to the middle of the median lobe. Column foot-
less, about 1.4 cm. long, slender, arcuate, flattened on the ante-
rior surface, winged above, the wing shortly dentate at the apex.

Great variability is indicated by several contemporary col-
lections. Clemens 266 shows one inflorescence indicating five
flowers. Another collection, Clemens 244, shows stems exceed-
ing 55 cm. in height, smaller cream-colored flowers, and a two-
celled anther with eight complanate, ovoid, waxy pollinia. A frag-
mentary specimen collected by Haslam shows shorter leaves and
ovate middle lobe of lip.

This plant is quite characteristic, but in flower structure it is
similar to Arundina Cantleyi Hook. f.

Krvazav, Haslam, July-August 1916. Marer Pare Spur, Clemens 370
(Type), December 1915. Flower cream color and purple; Clemens 266, No-
vember 1915. Flower purple and white; Clemens 244, November 1915.
Flower cream color.

3. Arundina speciosa Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 401, Tabell. f. 73.

Kryasatu, Clemens, November—December 1915; Haslam, July-August
1916. Krav, Clemens 186, November 1915; Clemens 265, November 1915.
Flower white with pink and purple lip; Clemens 277, November 1915.

23. DENDROBIUM Sw.

One hundred and nineteen members of this large genus have
been recorded from Borneo, of which only three were previously
known from Mount Kinabalu. In the present work Sarcopodium
is regarded merely as a subgenus of Dendrobium.

1. Dendrobium (§ Desmotrichum) bicarinatum A. & S. sp.
nov. Radices in basi caulis numerosae et e locis prope nodos raro
orientes. Caulis gracilis, pluriarticulatus, vaginis mox in fibras
solutis vestitus. Pseudobulbi fusiformes vel pyriformes, mono-

[ 98 ]

ORCHIDACEA

phylli. Folium ovato-oblongum, acuminatum, basi rotundatum,
coriaceum. Flos e summa pseudobulbi post folium exoriens. Se-
pala lateralia late ovato-triangularia, acuta, obliquissima, mentum
saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale ovatum, obtusum. Petala
anguste elliptica, subacuta. Labellum in circuitu obovato-ob-
longum, trilobatum, e basi ad ultra medium cuneato-flabellatum,
deinde abrupte contractum lobos triangulares formans; lobus
medius subquadratus, profunde bilobulatus; carinae duae e basi
ad medium lobi medii extendunt. Gynostemium breve, pede lato
praeditum.

Plant about 36 cm. tall from the rhizome to the apex of the
erect terminal leaf. Rhizome woody (broken off at the base of
the stem). Roots thickly clustered at the base of the stem or
occasionally adventitious near all but the lowest nodes, fibrous,
flexuous, subrigid, glabrous, up to 1 mm. thick. Stem slender,
many-jointed, slightly thickened at the base, rigid, yellow, shin-
ing, smooth or somewhat striate-sulcate, the nodes crowned with
a narrow black ring, the internodes invested by sheaths which
become frayed remnants in course of development. Pseudobulbs
produced from the uppermost and two middle nodes of the stem,
+3.5 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, fusiform-cylindric to narrowly pyri-
form, monophyllous, yellow, shining, striate-sulcate, when young
invested by a sheath. Leaf about 9.6 cm. long, 3.3 cm. wide
below the middle, ovate-oblong, acuminate above (point broken
off), broadly rounded to a sessile complicate base, coriaceous, the
mid-nerve markedly sulcate above and carinate beneath. Flower
at the summit of the pseudobulb behind the leaf, rising from a
tuft of fibrous bracts, pellucid in the dried specimen. Lateral
sepals about 7 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, broadly ovate-triangular,
acute at the complicate apex, very oblique, forming a deeply sac-
cate mentum below, provided with three more or less distinct

[ 99 ]

ORCHIDACE

nerves and many supplementary ones. Dorsal sepal about 6 mm.
long, 3.5 mm. broad near the base, ovate, obtuse, concave, indis-
tinctly seven-nerved. Petals about 7 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, nar-
rowly elliptic, subacute, three-nerved. Lip obovate-oblong in out-
line, three-lobed, about 12 mm. long, 6.2 mm. wide across the lat-
eral lobes, gradually cuneate-flabellate from the base to slightly
above the middle, then abruptly contracted to form the sub-
quadrate middle lobe; lateral lobes shallowly triangular with a
rounded or subtruncate apex; middle lobe bilobed to about the
middle, with semi-orbicular spreading lobules about 2.5 mm.
long, which are separated by a broad sinus provided at the base
with a minute blunt tooth; two high, thin, parallel keels extend
from the base of the lip to the center of the middle lobe, where
they converge slightly toward a short median verrucose ridge
which extends from the base of the middle lobe nearly to the
sinus. Column short, provided with a broad upwardly curved
foot. Anther subglobose, two-celled, with ciliolate margins.

Dendrobium bicarinatum is vegetatively very similar to D.
Eurorum Ames, which, however, has differently colored much
smaller flowers with different lip characters. D. schistoglossum
Schltr. differs from D. bicarinatum in its broader pseudobulbs
and floral details. From a photograph, D. appendiculatum Lindl.
is apparently a near ally, but the pseudobulbs appear broader
than in this plant.

Krav, Clemens 335, November 1915. Flower cream color.

2. Dendrobium (§ Grastidium) connatum (B/.) Lindl. Gen.
& Sp. Orch. (1830) 89. Onychium connatum Bl. Bijdr. (1825)
328.
Kryasaiv, Haslam, July-August 1916.

3. Dendrobium (§Crumenata) crumenatum var. parvi-

[ 100 |

ORCHIDACE

florum 4. & S. var. nov. A specie, haec planta floribus parvis
atque petalis apice rotundatis differt.

This plant differs from the species in the much smaller flowers
and broadly rounded petals. Lateral sepals about 1.25 cm. long,
1.35 cm. broad, triangular, very oblique, acute, forming a shal-
lowly saccate mentum. Dorsal sepal about 1 cm. long, 5.8 mm.
wide, lance-ovate, obtuse. Petals about 1.1 cm. long, 6 mm.
wide, elliptic, broadly rounded at the apex. Lip about 2 cm.
long, 1.3 cm. broad across the lateral lobes, cuneate-flabellate,
three-lobed; middle lobe largest, about 6 mm. long, 8.5 mm.
broad, suborbicular, very broadly rounded or slightly retuse; five
parallel approximate keels are conspicuous just above the mid-
dle, as in the species.

Kiau, Clemens 188, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Sepals pink-
tinged, inner parts pinkish-white with yellow tongue.

4. Dendrobium (§Grastidium) fusco-pilosum 4. & S. sp.
nov. Herba erecta. Caulis pilis fuscis subdense vestitus. Folia
disticha, latissime patentia, lineari-lanceolata, sensim acuminata,
apice oblique bilobata. Flores singuli, e nodis superioribus exo-
rientes. Sepala lateralia lineari-oblonga, obliquissima, complicato-
mucronata, basibus et marginibus anterioribus calcar arcuatum
formantibus. Sepalum dorsale oblongum, complicato-mucrona-
tum. Petala angustissime linearia, acuta. Labellum in circuitu
cuneato-spathulatum, papillosum, ex ungue longo involuto in
laminam trilobatam extensum; lobi laterales parvi, anguste tri-
angulares, rotundati; lobus medius suborbicularis, plus minusve
retusus, apiculatus, verrucosus, erosus. Gynostemium in parte
superiore alatum, latissime truncatum, apiculatum.

Plant up to 37 cm. tall, erect or nearly so. Roots fibrous, flex-
uous, somewhat branched, whitish, more or less indistinctly sul-
cate, occasionally adventitious at the lower nodes, +1.5 mm.

[ 101 ]

ORCHIDACE

thick. Stems slender, slightly sinuous, longitudinally sulcate,
sub-densely clothed with reddish-brown hairs, especially the
younger portions ; internodes +1.6 cm. long. Leaves +4.5 cm.
long, 5.8 mm. wide near the base, distichous, widely spreading,
narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, long acuminate, at the
apex very obliquely bilobed with sharp acute teeth, subcoria-
ceous, many-nerved, the mid-nerve somewhat sulcate above,
three more or less conspicuous nerves beneath, provided with
infundibuliform, brownish-hairy leaf sheaths which are +5 mm.
long. Flowers rising singly from one or more of the nodes above
the middle. Lateral sepals about 7.5 mm. long, 5 mm. broad,
linear-oblong, exceedingly oblique, complicate-mucronate, three-
nerved, carinate, connate with the column foot and paired sepal
forming a saccate mentum and anarcuate spurwhich is +4.5 mm.
long. Dorsal sepal about 7 mm. long, 2.3 mm. broad, oblong,
complicate-mucronate, three-nerved. Petals about 7 mm. long,
.8 mm. wide, narrowly linear,acute or acuminate, one-nerved. Lip
issuing from the spur-shaped sack formed by the lateral sepals,
three-lobed, about 1.2 em. long and 6 mm. broad across the lat-
eral lobes, in outline cuneate-spatulate, the entire lamina papil-
lose; claw long, narrow, involute; lateral lobes erect, about
1.5 mm. long, dentiform, narrowly triangular, broadly obtuse ;
middle lobe about 4.5 mm. long, 4.5 mm. broad, suborbicular
from a broad base, more or less retuse, apiculate, verrucose, erose.
Column short, provided above with a fleshy broadly truncate
wing which has a slender apicule in the center, below soon uniting
with the walls of the lateral sepals. Anther subglobose, sulcate,
papillose roughened, two-celled.

In Clemens 284 occurs one plant which is more than 48 cm.
tall. .
The two nearest allies appear to be Dendrobium Lobbu

[ 102 ]

ORCHIDACEA

Teijsm. & Binn. and D. orbiculare J. J. Sm. D. fusco-piloswm
differs from the former in having an ecarinate lip, from the lat-
ter in having reddish-brown instead of black hairiness on the
stem and sheaths and in numerous floral proportions.

Gurutau Riper, Clemens 300 (Type), November 1915. Flower cream
color. Maret Parer Spur, Clemens 284, November 1915. Flower white,

purple lip.

5. Dendrobium (§ Aporum) kiauense 4. & S. sp. nov.
Herba robusta, suberecta. Caulis valdissime complanatus, vaginis
foliorum fere vel omnino obtectus. Folia densa, scalpelliformia,
erecto-incurva vel adscendentia. Flores e glomerulis lateralibus
et terminalibus bractearum exorientes. Sepala lateralia triangu-
lari-ovata, obliqua, acuta vel obtusa, mentum conspicue saccatum
formantia. Sepalum dorsale late ovatum, acutum vel obtusum.
Petala ovata, acuta. Labellum spathulato-flabellatum, triloba-
tum ; lobi laterales erecti, oblongo-rotundati; lobus medius sub-
quadratus aut latissime truncatus aut retusus aut bilobulus;
callus transversus inter lobos laterales extendit. Gynostemium
ala carnosa late truncata apiculata et subtus pede lato saccato
praeditum.

Plant stout, suberect. Roots numerous, fibrous, flexuous,
branching, glabrous, up to 1 mm. thick. Stem up to 35 cm. tall,
strongly complanate from a subterete slender base, almost or
entirely concealed by the sheathing leaf bases, yellow, shin-
ing, lightly sulcate in the dried specimen; internodes +1.5 cm.
long. Leaves +3.7 cm. long measuring the upper margins,
+6.1 cm. long measuring the lower margins, 6 mm. to 1.1 cm.
broad at the base, distichous, equitant, scalpelliform, acute, fal-
cately incurved and erect or scarcely falcate and ascending,
rigidly nervose, coriaceous. Flowers produced successively from
few-flowered glomerules of scarious fibrous bracts which occur at

[ 103 ]

ORCHIDACEA

the bases of the upper leaves and at the apex of the stem, pellu-
cid in the dried specimen ; perianth segments connivent, con-
cave. Lateral sepals about 3.7 mm. long, 3.7 mm. wide, broadly
triangular-ovate, oblique, obtuse or acute, forming a deeply sac-
cate mentum, three- to five-nerved. Dorsal sepal about 3.3 mm.
long, 2.5 mm. broad across the middle, broadly ovate, acute or
obtuse, three-nerved. Petals about 3.2 mm. long, 1.8 mm. wide,
ovate, acute, three-nerved. Lip connate with the column foot, in
natural position parallel to the column, sharply decurved near
the base, about 4—4.5 mm. long, about as broad across the lat-
eral lobes when spread out, spatulate-flabellate in outline, three-
lobed; claw broad, concave-involute, abruptly spreading into the
lamina; lateral lobes erect, oblong-rounded, porrect-spreading;
middle lobe reflexed, subequal to the lateral lobes, subquadrate,
broadly truncate shallowly retuse or bilobed ; a transverse, fleshy,
shallowly bilobed callus extends between the lateral lobes.
Column short, provided above with a fleshy wing which is
broadly truncate with a narrow apicule, extended below into a
broad saccate unciform foot.

Collections from Mount Kinabalu show variations from the
type; for example, in Clemens 128 there occurs a much greater
sized flower with large middle lobe which has divergent lobules.
Plants generally stouter and apparently much taller than the
type and with a similarly large middle lobe are shown by Clem-
ens 3O4.

In vegetative characters Dendrobiwm kiauense is very like
D. anceps Sw., but has a markedly distinct labellum. D. xipho-
phyllum Schlitr., while a near ally, is distinguished by its petals
and far smaller lip with a four-lobed callus. D. lobatum (Bl.) Mig.
is a more slender plant with differently proportioned flowers.

Krav, Clemens 176 (Type), November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower
[ 104 ]

ORCHIDACE

cream color and yellow with purple stripes. Lononc Cave, Clemens 128,

November 1915. Flower cream color, pink stripes, white column. Guru-

Lau Riper, Clemens 304, November 1915, Flower cream color and purple.

6. Dendrobium (§ Sarcopodium) kinabaluense idl. in
Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 234.

Kinapatvu, Haviland.’ 7000 feet altitude. Epiphytic. Kamnorancan,
Clemens 197, November 1915. Flower yellow with pink on lip. Marer
Parer Spur, Clemens 249, November 1915. Flower cream color; Clemens
367, December 1915. Flower yellow ; Clemens 3704, December 1915.

7. Dendrobium (§ Desmotrichum) longirepens 4. & S. sp.
nov. Rhizoma longe repens. Pseudobulbi subremoti, monophylli,
anguste pyriformes vel rarius fusiformes, obliqui, sulcati. Folium
oblongum, apice rotundatum et inconspicue bilobulum, ad basim
breviter angustatum. Flores singuli, purpurei, e summa pseudo-
bulbi exorientes. Sepala lateralia ovato-oblonga, acuta, mucro-
nata. Sepalum dorsale simile, late rotundatum, plus minusve
mucronatum. Petala oblanceolato-oblonga, apice late rotundata.
Labellum in circuitu suborbiculare, fere in medio trilobatum;
lobi laterales erecti, late rotundati; lobus medius major, suborbi-
cularis, papillosus ; callus triangularis in medio stat. Gynoste-
mium late alatum; ala apice angusta obtusa cucullata; pes latus
saccatus.

Rhizome long creeping, slender, terete, rarely branched, many-
jointed, yellowish-green and shining in the dried plant, invested
by brownish imbricating scarious sheaths. Roots rather sparingly
produced from the under side of the rhizome, slender, fibrous,
simple or sparingly branched, the older minutely and finely ver-
ruculose and rarely showing black spreading hairs, about .5 mm.
thick. Pseudobulbs +1.5 cm. high, narrowly pyriform or rarely
fusiform, obliquely reclining, sulcate or rugose, at distances of
3 cm. or less, concealed by sheaths when immature. Leaf about
This is the type of the species.

[ 105 ]

ORCHIDACE

4.2 cm. long, 8 mm. wide, oblong, rounded at the obscurely bi-
lobed apex, shortly narrowed to acomplicate subsessile base, rigid,
suberect, coriaceous, the mid-nerve prominently sulcate above
and carinate beneath, the margins somewhat revolute. Flowers
solitary, rising from the summit of the pseudobulbs. Pedicellate
ovary nearly 2 cm. long,slender, conspicuously exserted from the
sheath. Lateral sepals about 10.5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, ovate-
oblong, acute, with a dorsal mucro, five-nerved, forming a
slightly and inconspicuously saccate mentum. Dorsal sepal about
9.5 mm. long, 4.5 mm. broad across the middle, similar, broadly
rounded and more or less mucronate at the apex. Petals about
1 cm. long, 4 mm. wide above, oblanceolate-oblong, broadly
rounded at the apex, indistinctly mucronate, five-nerved, the
upper margins very slightly erose. Lip 8 mm. long, 7.5 mm.
broad across the middle, in outline suborbicular, deeply three-
lobed; lateral lobes erect, broadly rounded with free part semi-
orbicular; middle lobe larger, suborbicular, shallowly subretuse,
minutely erose, very papillose except in the center at the base;
a little below the center of the lip there is a V-shaped or shal-
lowly triangular callus with one or two irregular longitudinal
ridges running toward the base. Column short, stout, about 4mm.
long, broadly winged; wing narrowed from the base upward ter-
minating in a cucullate blunt point; foot broad, saccate, wing-
margined.

Clemens 372 shows somewhat smaller foliage and less distant
pseudobulbs than the type. ‘These differences are further accent-
uated in flowerless, apparently immature specimens, found at
Kiau and Lobong.

In habit Dendrobium longirepens resembles D. Fargesii
Finet.

Mare! PareEt Spur, Clemens 245 (‘Type), November 1915. Flower purple;
[ 106 ]

ORCHIDACE

Clemens 372, December 1945. Flower purple. Krav, Clemens 68 A, Novem-

ber 1915.3000 feet altitude. Loponc Cave, Clemens 116 A, November 1915.

8. Dendrobium (§ Crumenata) minimum 4. & S. sp. nov.
Herba gracilis. Caules approximati, prope basim in partem in-
crassatam oblongam, valdissime complanatam dilatati, graciles,
pluriarticulati, plus minusve ramosi. Folia disticha, anguste
linearia, sensim acuminata, apice profunde et acriter bilobata.
Flores perparvi, e nodis superioribus exorientes. Sepala lateralia
ovato-triangularia, obtusa vel subacuta, obliqua, faleata, men-
tum conspicue saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale lanceola-
tum, acuminatum. Petala linearia, obtusa vel acuta, falcata. La-
bellum flabellatum, latissime truncatum, involutum, leviter de-
curvum, margine anteriore lato inconspicue sed profunde emar-
ginato. Gynostemium perparvum, late alatum; ala emarginata,
apiculata; pede lato saccato.

Plant slender, up to 45 cm. or more high. Roots numerous,
slender, fibrous, flexuous, more or less longitudinally sulcate, gla-
brous, intertwining, up to 1 mm. thick. Stems approximate, near
the base broadened into a strongly complanate, two- or three-
jointed, sulcate, oblong, bulbous thickening which is up to 8 cm.
long and 10.5 mm. wide where broadest, slender above, laterally
flattened, many-jointed, more or less branched, yellow, shining,
when immature invested throughout by long tubular scarious
leaf sheaths that become fibrous in late development; the inter-
nodes —as seen on the older naked stems— 2.3 cm. long, the
nodes slightly inflated. Leaves up to 8.6 cm. long, 4.8 mm. wide
near the base, distichous, linear, grass-like, long acuminate, very
unequally and sharply bilobed at the apex, rounded at the clasp-
ing base, spreading, somewhat coriaceous, many-nerved with the
mid-nerve prominent beneath. Flowers very small, rising singly
from the uppermost nodes opposite the leaves, surrounded with

[ 107 ]

ORCHIDACEA

searious bracts that become fibrous. Perianth pellucid in the
dried specimen. Lateral sepals about 3.5 mm. long, 3.6 mm.
wide at the base, ovate-triangular, obtuse or subacute, strongly
obliquely falcate, three-nerved, forming a deeply saccate mentum
with the column foot. Dorsal sepal about 3.6 mm. long, 1.45 mm.
broad, lanceolate, acuminate, slightly thicker near the apex, some-
what concave, three-nerved. Petals about 3 mm. long, 1.6 mm.
broad above the middle, linear, acute or obtuse, faleate, one-
nerved. Lip about 4 mm. long, 4 mm. wide at the apex, simple,
flabellate, gently decurved in the middle with the lateral mar-
gins upcurving, very broadly truncate at the apex, inthe middle
of the apical margin abruptly narrowly and deeply emarginate
and minutely apiculate, margins at the apex minutely erose, lip
above papillose. Column very short and stout, provided with a
broad wing which is emarginate with a slender apicule in the
center; column foot broad, deeply saccate, upcurving. Anther
triangular-prismatic. Pollinia semi-ellipsoid.

This plant is easily distinguished from Dendrobium cuneila-
brum J. J.Sm. and D. inconcinnum Ridl. by its much smaller
size and very different leaves.

The minute flower with its simple, flabelliform, truncate lip
makes this species unique. A specimen with somewhat smaller
flowers than the type is shown by another collection, Clemens
408. (PLATE 91.)

Manet Paret Spur, Clemens 287 (Type), November 1915. Flower white;

Clemens 403, December 1915. Flower white and yellow.

9g. Dendrobium (§ Aporum) oblongum 4.& 5S. sp. nov. Herba
robusta. Caulis foliis omnino obtectus. Folia disticha, equitantia,
scalpelliformia, valde imbricantia, patenti-falcata, acuta. Pedun-
culi breves, laterales, bracteis distichis imbricantibus omnino ob-
tecti. Flores in visu purpurei, singuli. Sepala lateralia late trian-

[ 108 ]

ORCHIDACE

gularia, apice complicata, mentum conspicue saccatum forman-
tia. Sepalum dorsale lanceolatum, acutum, apiculatum. Petala
lineari-oblonga, apice late rotundata. Labellum ligulato-oblon-
gum, ad basim apicemque paulo latius, leviter retusum, margini-
bus anterioribus eroso-crenatis. Gynostemium breve, crassum, in
pedem extensum.

Plant stout. Roots numerous, slender, fibrous, flexuous, about
.5 mm. thick. Stem entirely concealed by the imbricated leaves,
when exposed slender, complanate, often with one or more in-
cipient branches above; internodes clavate, +1 cm. long. Leaves
up to 7 cm. long, 1 cm. wide near the base, distichous, equitant,
closely imbricating, linear-scalpelliform, somewhat spreading-fal-
cate, acute or slightly mucronate. Peduncles lateral, rising from
the bases of the middle or upper leaves, mostly concealed by the
imbricating leaves, simple or two-forked, clothed with distichous
imbricating deltoid bracts which are about 1 cm. long. Flower
solitary, conspicuous, apparently purple. Lateral sepals about
6.5 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, broadly triangular, acuminate to a
complicate apex, very oblique, forming a deeply saccate mentum,
prominently four-nerved with a fifth less conspicuous nerve. Dor-
sal sepal about 6 mm. long, 2.7 mm. wide near the base, lanceo-
late, acute and apiculate, three-nerved. Petals about 4.2 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, linear-oblong, broadly rounded at the apex,
one-nerved. Lip about 6.5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at the slightly
broader base and apex, ligulate-oblong, shallowly retuse, anterior
and lateral portions thickened, anterior margins erose-crenate,
lateral margins ciliolate. Column short, stout, broadly winged,
extended into a foot.

The nearest relative of this species is apparently Dendrobium
Elmeri Ames of the Philippine Islands, but the Bornean plant
is distinguished by the more robust habit, by the leaves being

. [ 109 ]

ORCHIDACEA

broader at the base, by the uniformly larger perianth, and by the
slightly different lip. D. twmoriferum J. J.Sm. has far shorter
leaves, acute petals, smaller sepals, and a different lip from D.
oblongum. In habit D. hypodon Schltr. is similar, but the present
species has longer broader leaves, lateral instead of terminal in-
florescences and larger obtuse petals.

As is often the case in this section of Dendrobium, the flowers
are in rather poor condition. Similar but flowerless material,
apparently belonging to this species, was collected by Clemens.
The name is in reference to the lip.

Krnasatu, Haslam (Type), July-August 1916. Krav, Clemens 334, No-

vember 1915.

10. Dendrobium (§ Aporum) patentilobum A. & S. sp. nov.
Caulis erectus vel suberectus, sinuosus, vaginis foliorum fere om-
nino obtectus, parte superiore sine foliis. Folia disticha, equitan-
tia, anguste linearia, late patentia, falcata, decurva, obtusa vel
subacuta, rigida. Flores singuli, e nodis superioribus exorientes.
Sepala lateralia ovato-triangularia, obtusa vel subacuta, obliquis-
sima, mentum conspicue saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale
ovato-lanceolatum, acutum vel subacutum. Petala oblonga vel
elliptico-oblonga, obtusa vel acuta. Labellum trilobatum, ungui-
culatum; unguis parvus, oblongus; lamina abrupte reflexa; lobi
laterales latissime patentes, rotundato-ovales; lobus medius sub-
orbicularis, profunde bilobatus, lobuli semiorbiculares approx-
imati; carina transversa inter lobos laterales extendit; callus
angustus V-formis basim propius stat. Gynostemium breve,
crassum, pede valde saccato praeditum.

Rhizome not seen. Plant erect or nearly so. Roots fibrous,
flexuous, glabrous, sparingly branched, up to 1 mm. thick. Stem
up to 44 cm. in height, sinuous, strongly complanate from a
slender subterete base, almost entirely enveloped by the leaf

[ 110 ]

ORCHIDACE

sheaths, the upper portion (one-third to one-fourth of the entire
height) leafless; the internodes 2-3 cm. long, yellow, shining, ter-
minated by a dark band, the uppermost concealed by scarious
sheaths. Leaves up to 8 cm. long, 4.9 mm. broad across the base
although usually about 3.5 mm. wide (the lowermost and upper-
most blades much smaller), distichous, equitant, narrowly linear,
widely spreading, strongly falcate, decurved, obtuse or subacute,
coriaceous, rigid. Flowers apparently successive, borne singly in
the axils of scarious (becoming fibrous) bracts which are situ-
ated at the nodes of the leafless, sinuous, terminal axis. Lateral
sepals about 7 mm. long, 6.8 mm. wide, broadly ovate-triangular,
obtuse or subacute, very oblique, falcate with the dorsal margin
very convex, forming a deeply saccate mentum with the column
foot, prominently three-nerved. Dorsal sepal about 7 mm. long,
4.2 mm. wide in the middle, ovate-lanceolate, acute or subacute,
concave, with three prominent nerves. Petals about 6.5 mm.
long, 3.1 mm. wide, oblong to elliptic-oblong, obtuse or acute,
three-nerved, very variable in size and shape. Lip clawed, semi-
orbicular in outline, three-lobed; claw +2.2 mm. long, ligulate,
channeled, thickened above; limb sharply reflexed, +7 mm. long,
+1.3 em. broad across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes about 5 mm.
long, 4 mm. wide, rounded oval, horizontally spreading, erect in
natural position; middle lobe about 4.5 mm. long, 5.8 mm. broad,
suborbicular in outline, deeply bilobed to below the middle, the
lobules semi-orbicular, approximate; a transverse fleshy keel ex-
tends from center to center of the lateral lobes and is triangularly
dilated above each sinus; a small, median, narrow, somewhat
three-lobed, V-shaped callus near the claw. Column short, stout,
+2.7 mm. long, provided with a broad saccate upcurving foot.

Plants of Clemens 226 show stouter stems, little larger leaves
and less perfect slightly smaller flowers than the type.

[ a]

ORCHIDACE

Dendrobium patentilobum is a very variable species in all its
parts. In habit it resembles D. ventricosum Kranzl. and D. Mac
Farlanei F. v. Muell., but has very different flowers. It is unlike
D. Smithianum Schltr. in its longer leaves and in its very distinct
petals and lip. D. calceolum Roxb. has flowers that are larger and
differently colored.

Maze! Paret Spur, Clemens 366 (Type), December 1915. Flower purple
and cream color; Clemens 226, November 1915. Flower purple and cream
color.

11. Dendrobium (§ Desmotrichum) pseudoconvexum Ames
Orch. 5 (1915) 135.

Krav, Clemens 68, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower wine-red.

12. Dendrobium (§ Nigro-hirsuta) reticulatum J. J. Sm.
in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 13 (1914) 18.

Kinasatv, Dumas. 650 feet altitude. In sparse woods, rare.

13. Dendrobium (§ Grastidium) singulare A. & S. sp. nov.
Herba eximia. Radices simplices, fibrosae, subflexuosae, rigidae.
Caulis suberectus, complanatus, vaginis foliorum omnino obtec-
tus. Folia disticha, anguste lanceolata, rigida, patentia, apice bi-
lobata, basi rotundata amplectentia, contorta. Flores e glomeru-
lis bractearum exorientes. Perianthium carnosum, connivens.
Sepala valde concava. Sepala lateralia late triangularia, obtusa,
mentum conspicue saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale ova-
tum, obtusum. Petala linearia, subacuta. Labellum in circuitu
cuneato-flabellatum, quadrilobatum; lobi laterales cuneato-ligu-
lati; lobus medius profunde ad callum bilobatus, lobulis lineari-
bus quam lobis lateralibus multo minoribus, basi callo carnosis-
simo tridentato obtecta. Gynostemium breve, crassum.

Roots simple, fibrous, subflexuous, rigid, often longitudinally
suleate, more or less provided with black spreading hairs espe-

cially the older parts, +1 mm. thick. Stem about 26 cm. tall,
[ 112 ]

ORCHIDACE#

suberect from a decumbent base, usually with one immature
branch above, entirely concealed by the tightly clasping leaf
sheaths, laterally flattened, zigzag, yellow, shining, terminated
at the nodes by a narrow dark band, in late development bare
of leaves and leaf sheaths; the internodes +2 cm. long. Leaves
+5 em. long, 9 mm. broad near the base, the uppermost abruptly
much smaller, distichous, spreading, rigid, narrowly lanceolate,
rounded at the clasping base, gradually narrowed to the broad
obtusely bilobed apex, the mid-nerve prominently sulcate above
and carinate beneath, usually more or less contorted. Flowers
apparently successive, rising singly from glomerules of ovate
scarious imbricated bracts, opposite the upper leaves. Perianth
segments fleshy, connivent. Sepals strongly concave, particularly
the dorsal sepal. Lateral sepals about 8 mm. long, 9 mm. wide,
broadly triangular, very oblique, obtuse, the basal anterior por-
tion forming a deep pouch-shaped mentum, more or less dis-
tinctly five-nerved. Dorsal sepal +8.5 mm. long, 5.2 mm. wide
below the middle, ovate, obtuse, five-nerved. Petals about 7 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, linear, in the upper portion abruptly nar-
rowed to a subacute tip, three-nerved. Lip about 1 cm. long, sub-
equally broad at the apex, connate with the column foot, parallel
to the column in natural position, decurved, cuneate-flabellate in
outline, four-lobed; lateral lobes conspicuously spreading, cune-
ate-ligulate, dorsally rounded near the apex, with the anterior
margins truncate erose and ciliate, provided near the apex with
a central callose thickening; middle lobe two-lobed as far as the
callus, the lobules linear, divergent, much shorter and smaller
than the lateral lobes, the base hidden by a prominent three-
toothed, very fleshy callus. Column very short, stout, thickened
above, curving imperceptibly into the foot which is saccate-con-

Cave.
[ 113 ]

ORCHIDACEA

This extraordinary plant differs from Dendrobium ingratum
J.J. Sm. in being much shorter with generally longer leaves, nar-
row petals and considerably different lip. D. piestocaulon Schitr.
is vegetatively somewhat similar, but lacks the strongly zigzag
stem and peculiar flowers of this species.

Lozone, Clemens 118 (Type), November 1915. Flower purple and yel-

low; Clemens 222A, November 1915.

14. Dendrobium (§ Sarcopodium) tricallosum A. & S. sp.
nov. Herba parva, in visu longe repens. Rhizoma luteum, va-
ginis scariosis imbricantibus vestitum. Pseudobulbi subremoti,
ovoidei, diphylli. Folia lanceolata, obtusa, basi rotundata, coria-
cea, rigida. Inflorescentia inter folia bina oriens. Flores perpauci,
pro planta majores. Sepala lateralia oblonga, ad apicem subacu-
tum rotundata, mentum leviter saccatum formantia. Sepalum
dorsale late oblongum, apice rotundatum. Petala lanceolato-ob-
longa, apice rotundata. Labellum expansum obtriangulare, trilo-
batum; lobi laterales late rotundati; lobus medius triangularis,
obtusus, verrucosus; carinae duae parallelae e basi fere ad lobos
laterales extendunt ibique in callos pyriformes cum callo simili
medio terminant. Gynostemium breve, crassum, prope basim
anguste alatum.

Plant apparently long creeping. Rhizome +2.5 mm. thick,
yellow, shining, more or less sulcate-angulate, divided by nodes
about 7 mm. apart, closely invested by scarious, cinnamon-col-
ored, imbricating sheaths that waste away in course of develop-
ment. Pseudobulbs +8 mm. long,5 mm. broad, about 3 cm. apart,
diphyllous, ovoid, yellow, shining, coarsely rugose, irregularly
four-angled, reclining on the rhizome. Leaves +3 em. long, 1 cm.
broad, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, minutely and
obliquely bilobed, rounded at the complicate base, spreading,
rigid, thick and coriaceous, the mid-nerve prominently sulcate

[114 J

ORCHIDACEA

above and carinate beneath, the margins revolute. Inflorescence
rising between a pair of leaves, very short, two- (or three-?)
flowered; rachis zigzag. Pedicellate ovary about 1.5 cm. long,
slender, slightly twisted and finely grooved. Perianth segments
rather thick, pellucid in the dried specimen, undulate. Lateral
sepals about 1 cm. long, 4.4mm. wide, oblong, the anterior mar-
gin— near the base—abruptly dilated, rounded to the subacute
apex which is dorsally conspicuously carinate, three- to five-
nerved. Dorsal sepal about 9 mm. long, 4.6 mm. wide near the
base, broadly oblong, rounded at the slightly oblique apex which
is dorsally somewhat carinate, concave, three- to five-nerved.
Petals about 1 cm. long, 3.7 mm. broad across the middle, lance-
oblong, broadly rounded at the apex, three- to five-nerved. Lip
sigmoid in longitudinal section, the center channeled and the
sides nearly conduplicate particularly at the base of the lamina,
when spread out about 9 mm. long, 7.5 mm. broad, obtriangu-
lar, deeply three-lobed; claw deeply concave, gradually spread-
ing into the lamina; lateral lobes about 2.5 mm. long, broadly
rounded; middle lobe about 3 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at the base,
triangular, obtuse, verrucose-thickened; two parallel keels—
thickened at the base—extend almost to the parting of the lobes
where they terminate in pyriform calli approximate to a similar
median callus; the median line carinate below. Column about
5 mm. long, stout, narrowly winged especially near the base.
Dendrobium tricallosum is apparently very similar to D. labu-
anum Lindl., but varies in lip characters. From D. radicoswm
Ridl., it is separable in having more distant pseudobulbs, larger
differently shaped leaves and distinct middle lobe of the lip. The
markings of the lip are similar to those of D. longipes Hook. f.
Kinapsatu, Clemens, November—December 1915.

15. Dendrobium (§ Crumenata) tridentatum 4. & S. sp.
[ 115 ]

ORCHIDACEZ

nov. Caules nonnulli, approximati, prope basim oblongo-dilatati,
graciles, pluriarticulati, vaginis foliorum omnino obtecti. Folia
anguste linearia, abrupte rotundata, mucronata, rigida, crassis-
sima et in visu carnosa. Flores magni, singuli, e nodis superiori-
bus exorientes. Sepala apice cucullata. Sepala lateralia anguste
triangulari-lanceolata, sensim acuminata, obliquissima, falcata,
mentum leviter saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale lanceo-
lato-lineare,acuminatum. Petala linearia,acuta. Labellum rhom-
biforme, subtrilobatum; lobi laterales leviter triangulares, mar-
ginibus anterioribus late sinuatis; lobus medius triangularis,
acuminatus; fascia parva, regulariter tridentata infra medium
stat. Gynostemium breve crassum, ala trilobata et pede longo
latoque praeditum.

Plant about 40 cm. or more tall, very gently arcuate. Roots
very long, very sparingly branched, more or less longitudinally
sulcate, about 1 mm. thick, occasionally produced from nodes of
the stem. Stems several, approximate, entirely invested by tubular
leaf sheaths, slender above, dilated near the base into an oblong,
one- to three-jointed, rugose pseudobulbous thickening which
is up to 3 cm. long, many-jointed, yellow to greenish-brown;
internodes about 1.6 cm. long, gradually dilated to each dark-
margined node. Leaves +5 cm. long, 3.6 mm. wide, narrowly lin-
ear, abruptly rounded and sharply mucronate at the apex, nar-
rowed to a sessile base, ascending, rigid, very thick, apparently
fleshy in the fresh condition. Flowers large, rising singly from
the upper nodes and opposite to the leaves. Pedicels short, in-
vested below by several scarious bracts that become fibrous.
Perianth pellucid in the dried specimen. Sepals cucullate at the
apex. Lateral sepals about 1.8 cm. long, about 1.3 cm. wide,
narrowly triangular-lanceolate, very oblique, somewhat falcate,
long acuminate, forming a slightly saccate mentum at the base,

[116 ]

ORCHIDACE

about nine-nerved. Dorsal sepal about 2 cm. long, 4.6 mm.
broad near the base, lance-linear, acuminate, about seven-nerved.
Petals about 1.9 cm. long, 3.4 mm. broad above the middle,
linear, acute, slightly subfalcate, with only one distinct nerve.
Lip about 2.25 cm. long, 1.3 cm. broad a little above the mid-
dle, rhombiform, indistinctly three-lobed; lateral lobes shallowly
triangular, the anterior margin shallowly and broadly sinuate ;
middle lobe about 7.5 mm. long, 6.5 mm. broad across the base,
sharply triangular, acuminate; a little below the middle there
is a short, sharply three-toothed fascia. Column very short and
stout, provided with a fleshy three-toothed wing, extended into
a long broad column foot which is deeply saccate near the ex-
tremity and which is furnished in the anterior part with a small,
fleshy, ligulate, nearly free gland.

In general appearance the flower of this plant resembles that of
Dendrobium crumenatum Sw., but the narrow leaves recall D.
teres Lindl., which has a very different lip. D. lawiense J. J. Sm.
differs from the Kinabalu plant in the position of the much longer
bulbous stem thickening and in the character of the lip. In vege-
tative appearance D. tridentatum is much like D. linearifolium
Teijsm. & Binn., but varies rather widely in flower structure.

Mare Parer Spur, Clemens 257, November 1915. Flower white.

16. Dendrobium (§Grastidium) villosulum Wall. Cat.
(1828) 2006, nomen nudum. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5 (1890) 728.

Krivasatu, Haviland, Creagh. 3500 feet altitude. Gurutau Spur, above
Kiau Ridge, Gibbs 4012, February 1910. 5500 feet altitude, on rotting
logs.

24. ERIA Lindi.
Seventy-eight members of this genus have been recorded from

Borneo, of which eleven species were previously reported from

Mount Kinabalu.
[17]

ORCHIDACE

1. Eria (§ Eriurae) angustifolia Rid/. in Stapf in Trans.
Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 237.
Krinasau, Haviland. 6000 feet altitude.

2. Eria (§ Aeridostachyae) borneensis Holfe in Gibbs in
Journ. Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 150.

Kiav, Gibbs 3955, February 1910. 3000 feet altitude, undergrowth in
secondary forest. Flowers brown.

3. Eria (§ Trichotosia) brevipedunculata 4. & S. sp. nov.
Herba leviter arcuata. Caulis vaginis fusco-pilosis foliorum om-
nino obtectus. Folia disticha, anguste lanceolata, obtusa, oblique
bilobata, crasse coriacea. Inflorescentiae breves, oppositifoliae,
subdensae. Rachis, bracteae, floresque extus fusco-pilosa. Sepala
lateralia ovato-triangularia, mentum saccatum formantia, apice
valde carinato-incrassato. Sepalum dorsale lanceolatum, apice
incrassatum. Petala linearia, falcata, apice rotundata. Labellum
in circuitu obovato-spathulatum, plus minusve distincte triloba-
tum; lobi laterales semiorbiculares; lobus medius reniformis,
distincte bilobulus; carinae duae breves dentiformes in medio
laminae et callus farinosus apicem propius stant. Gynostemium
breve, latum.

Plant more or less gently arcuate, 41 cm. or more tall. Roots
numerous, springing from the base of the stem, fibrous, rather
freely branching, finely brown tomentose, up to i mm. thick.
Stems more or less approximate, entirely enveloped by the leaf
sheaths, terete. Leaf sheaths +3 cm. long, tubular, thick, striate,
densely appressed cinnamon pilose, the hairs more or less disap-
pearing on the older parts, but persisting at the slightly inflated
nodes. Leaves 7-13.5 cm. long, up to 1.6 cm. broad, distichous,
narrowly lanceolate, more or less narrowed to a very unequally
and obscurely bilobed obtuse apex, sometimes oblique, cuneate-

narrowed to a subsessile base, very thick and coriaceous, rigid,
[ 118 ]

ORCHIDACEA

ascending, many-nerved. Inflorescences one to three, opposite
the bases of the upper leaves, about 2.5 cm. long. Rachis ascend-
ing or arcuate, zigzag, densely spreading brown pilose. Bracts
distichous, spreading or slightly reflexed, +8 mm. long, 4 mm.
wide, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, deeply concave, spreading
brown pilose without. Flowers small, sub-dense, densely brown
pilose without. Lateral sepals about 4.5 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm.
broad, ovate-triangular, dorsally keeled and greatly thickened
at the apex, oblique, falcate, forming a saccate mentum. Dorsal
sepal about 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide near the base, lanceolate,
concave, thickened at the apex. Petals about 4.75 mm. long, 1
mm. wide, oblong-linear, faleate, obtuse or rounded above, thin,
very sparingly long ciliate. Lip three-lobed, 5.5-6 mm. long,
3.5 mm. wide across the lateral lobes, obovate-spatulate in out-
line; claw rather stout with involute margins, gradually dilated
into the sharply reflexed lamina; lateral lobes semi-orbicular,
more or less prominent; middle lobe reniform, almost as wide as
the lateral lobes, deeply bilobed into two suborbicular lobules
about 2 mm. across, a minute blunt apicule in the sinus; a pair
of short dentiform keels rise in the center of the lip with a more
or less prominent farinose callus in the middle nearer the apex.
Column short and broad produced into a stout foot which is
almost 3 mm. long.

A wide range of variability in vegetative parts and flowers is
manifest in this species. Clemens 373 shows shorter leaves which
are very oblique and bears evidences of four inflorescences, while
Clemens 291 shows inflorescences up to 4 cm. long.

This species is extremely close to the Philippine Evia lagunen-
sis Ames, both vegetatively and in the contour of the lip; the
Bornean plant, however, has flowers about three-fourths as large

with smaller differently shaped keels and longer, narrower bracts.
[ 119 ]

ORCHIDACE

From E. fusca Bl, E. brevipedunculata differs in having a
smooth or rather smooth under surface of the leaves even in
younger portions and in the smaller, less distinctly lobed lip.
E. unguiculata J. J. Sm. is distinguished from E. brevipedun-
culata by the small floral dimensions and different lip.

Maret Pare Spur, Clemens 255 (Type), November 1915. Flower tan
and yellow; Clemens 291, November 1915, Flower brown and yellow;
Clemens 373, December 1915. Flower cream color.

4. Eria (§ Dendrolirion) carnosissima A. & S. sp. nov.
Rhizoma longe repens, vaginis regularibus remote cireumdatum.
Pseudobulbi plus minusve clavati, basi vaginis praediti. Folia
quinque, lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, disticha, e parte su-
prema pseudobulbi exorientia. Pedunculi duo, prope apicem
pseudobulhbi, foliis multo breviores, densissime albo-lanati. Brac-
teae inflorescentiae orbiculares, lanatae. Sepala lateralia lanceo-
lato-ovata, obliqua, reflexa, concava, apice valdissime incrassato.
Sepalum dorsale elliptico-oblongum, quam sepala lateralia long-
ius et angustius. Petala oblanceolata, apice late rotundata. La-
bellum minutum, oblongo-obovoideum. Gynostemium gracile,
arcuatum, apodum.

Rhizome long creeping, +3.5 mm. thick, terete, woody,smooth,
provided at intervals of about 2 cm. with loose rigid infundi-
buliform sheaths which are 6-7 mm. long. Roots apparently
short, thick, fibrous, piercing the sheaths, near them or from
the rhizome beneath the pseudobulb, closely pubescent, +1 mm.
thick. Pseudobulbs up to 6 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, somewhat
clavate in the dried specimen, up to five-jointed, smooth, the
base surrounded by several thin imbricating sheaths. Leaves five
to each pseudobulb, up to 12.8 cm. long, 2.3 cm. wide, produced
from the upper part of the pseudobulb, distichous, lanceolate
to oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, prominently seven- to nine-

[ 120 ]

ORCHIDACEA

nerved, shining above. Peduncles two, about 6 cm. long, situ-
ated at or near the summit of the pseudobulb, markedly shorter
than the leaves, very slender, arcuate, densely white lanate es-
pecially above, only the terminal quarter bearing flowers. Bracts
2-3 mm. long and about as broad, orbicular, lanate on both sur-
faces; sterile bract solitary, clasping the peduncle 1-2 cm. below
the inflorescence; floriferous bracts crowded, reflexed, convex.
Flower +1.8 cm. from the tip of the dorsal sepal to the tips of
the reflexed lateral sepals, 1.7 cm. broad in the dried specimen,
fleshy, spreading. Sepals densely white lanate without (some-
what so within). Lateral sepals +8 mm. long, 4.2 mm. broad
near the base, reflexed, lance-ovate, oblique, concave, apex very
strongly thickened, dorsally subcarinate, three-nerved. Dorsal
sepal +9.5 mm. long, 4mm. wide, elliptic-oblong, very similar
to the lateral sepals but less thickened at the apex. Petals about
8 mm. long, 3 mm. wide near the apex, oblanceolate, slightly
oblique, broadlyrounded and thickened atthe apex, three-nerved.
Lip minute, very fleshy, +2.7 mm. long, 1.6 mm. broad, 1.7 mm.
thick through the anterior half, oblong-obovoid, longitudinally
grooved through the middle, somewhat complanate on the sides,
flattened hemispherical at the apex, narrowed near the base where
it is adnate to the column, united with the lateral sepals from its
base nearly to its extremity, subquadrate in transverse section.
Column about 5 mm. long, slender, arcuate, flattened on the
interior lanate surface; androclinium more or less flaring.

A similar but more robust budded specimen, Clemens 181,
shows long fusiform pseudobulbs +16 cm. long, with about five
leaves near the summit, one leaf measuring about 14 cm. long,
3 cm. wide.

This peculiar plant is outwardly a close ally of Hria pulchella
Lindl., but the latter species lacks the extraordinary fleshy

{ 121 ]

ORCHIDACEA

minute lip, and has a tubercle at the base of the column and a
distinct foot.

Krav, Clemens 314 (Type), November 1915. Flower salmon; Clemens
181, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower brownish-salmon.

5. Eria (§ Eriurae) cymbidifolia Rzd/. in Journ. Bot. 36
(1898) 212.

Gurutau Spur, Gibbs 4009, February 1910. 5000 feet altitude, under-
growth in high forest. Flowers pinkish. Kiav, Clemens 25, November
1915. Flower purple and cream color; Clemens 73, November 1915. 3000
feet altitude. Flower maroon; Clemens 77, November 1915. 3000 feet al-
titude. Flower cream color, edges wine-purple; Clemens 85, November
1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower cream color lined with purple stripes;
Clemens 91, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Buds cream color; Clem-
ens 145, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower cream color and pur-
ple; Clemens 147, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower yellow in-
side, purple and green outside; Clemens 171, November 1915. 3000 feet
altitude. Brownish exterior and yellow flower parts; Clemens 185, No-
vember 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower rich cream yellow shaded with
purple inside. Marri Parer Spur, Clemens 258.4, November 1915; Clem-
ens 388, December 1915. Flower yellow and purple. Losone Cave, Clem-
ens 117, November 1915. Flower cream color; Clemens 118, November
1915. Fruit; Clemens 120, November 1915. 5000 feet altitude. Flower
cream color with pink stripes. Lozonc Gorcr, Clemens 269, November
1915. Flower cream color.

6. Eria (§ Eriurae) farinosa 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba gracilis.
Caulis vaginis foliorum omnino obtectus. Folia disticha, linearia,
apice oblique et obscure bilobata, valde coriacea. Inflorescentiae
singulae vel duae, ex internodio supremo exorientes, longae,
pergraciles, folia multo excedentes. Rachis densissime albo-to-
mentosa. Bracteae in sicco unciformes, conduplicatae. Flores
minuti. Sepala lateralia ovata, subacuta, concava. Sepalum dor-
sale oblongum, obtusum. Petala lineari-oblonga, in parte supe-
riore paulo latiora, late rotundata. Labellum in circuitu orbicu-
lare; unguis brevis, latus; lamina semiorbicularis, leviter bilo-
bata, lobulis utrinque emarginatis; calli duo, anterior ad apicem

[ 122 ]

ORCHIDACE

retusum labelli rotundatus farinosus, posterior in medio unguis
multo minor. Gynostemium globosum, in visu apodum.

Plant rather slender, about 40 cm. tall. Rhizome +7 mm. thick,
stout, terete, woody, clothed with imbricating scarious sheaths
that become fibrous. Roots numerous, fibrous, freely branching,
very slender, up to.5 mm. thick. Stem entirely concealed by leaf
sheaths, suberect (from the rhizome). Leaf sheaths +3.5 cm. long,
tubular, striate, chartaceous, bordered by a narrow brown band
at the summit. Leaves +13 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, the lowest and
uppermost smaller, distichous, linear, gradually narrowed to an
obtuse apex which is obliquely and obscurely bilobed, compli-
cate at the sessile base, thick, coriaceous, many-nerved on the
upper surface but only the mid-nerve prominent beneath. Inflo-
rescences one or two, about 20 cm. long, very slender, suberect,
produced from the upper internode and usually much surpass-
ing the leaves. Rachis rather densely white tomentose. Bracts
+3.5 mm. long, lanceolate, upwardly curved and unciform from
a reflexed or spreading base, strongly conduplicate in the dried
specimen, glabrous. Flowers minute, approximate, scarcely 6 mm.
across. Sepals somewhat tomentose without. Lateral sepals about
2.5 mm. long, scarcely 2mm. wide, ovate, slightly oblique, some-
what acute and dorsally carinate at the apex, concave, three-
nerved. Dorsal sepal about 2.5 mm. long, 1.4 mm. broad, oblong,
obtuse, three-nerved. Petals about 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide,
linear-oblong, somewhat broader above, broadly rounded at the
apex. Lip about 2.5 mm. long and about as broad, orbicular in
outline ; claw short, broad, abruptly dilated into the lamina, which
is semi-orbicular, shallowly bilobed and has an abrupt narrow
indentation in the middle of each lateral margin, farinose and
thickened except for a broad zone along the lateral margins; just
below the retuse apex of the lip there is a large, low, rounded,

[ 123 ]

ORCHIDACEA

farinose callus and in the center of the claw a much smaller far-
inose callus. Column globose, apparently connate with the claw
of the labellum.

In general appearance this plant closely suggests Hria oblit-
terata Reichb. f., but differs very strikingly in floral characters.
Ei. padangensis Schltr. is outwardly somewhat similar to this
species, but differs considerably in details of the flower.

The slender delicate aspect of the whole plant and the mi-
nute flowers with their thickly farinose lip are characteristic
marks.

Maret Paret Spur, Clemens 283, November 1915. Flower greenish yel-

low and purple.

7. Eria (§ Trichotosia) ferox B/. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2
(1856) 184.

Kinasatu, Haviland. 6000 feet altitude. Paxxa, Gibbs 4279, February

1910. 9000-10,000 feet altitude, in mossy forest. Flowers brown.

8. Eria (§ Eriurae) floribunda Lindl. in Wall. Cat. (1832)
7408 nomen nudum and in Bot. Reg. (1843) Mise. 43 & (1844)
t. 20.

This representative is a form with somewhat triangular tip to
the middle lobe of the lip.

Kinasau, Haslam, July-August 1916.

g. Eria (§ Hymeneria) Gibbsiae Rolfe in Gibbs in Journ.
Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 151.
Krav, Gibbs 3960, February 1910. 3000 feet altitude, in secondary jun-
gle. Flowers yellow.
10. Eria (§ Eriurae) grandis Rrdi. in Stapf in Trans. Linn.
Soc. Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 237.

Krnanawu, Haslam, July-August 1916; Haviland 1157.* 10,000—12,000
feet altitude, very common on the ground under jungle. Paxxa Cave,
Gibbs 4268, February 1910, 9500-10,500 feet altitude, in sheltered low

1 Haviland 1157 is the type.
[ 124 ]

ORCHIDACEA

forest, predominating as undergrowth above the cave; Clemens 112, No-

vember 1915. Flower white and purple-pink.

II. Eria (§ Aeridostachyae) kinabaluensis Rolfe in Gibbs
in Journ. Linn. Soe. 42 (1914) 151.

Paxka Cave, Gibbs 4502, February 1910. 10,000 feet altitude, under-
growth in scrubby forest. Paxxa, Gibbs 4227, February 1910. 9000 feet
altitude, epiphytic in low forest. Flowers brown.

12. Eria (§ Hymeneria) latiuscula 4. & S. sp. nov. Planta
robusta, in visu suberecta. Pseudobulbi cauliformes, leviter cla-
vati, in sicco sulcati, vaginis arcte vestiti. Folia prope apicem
pseudobulbi, oblongo-lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata, ad api-
cem basimqueangustata, subcoriacea. Pedunculi e parte superiore
pseudobulbi, bracteis multis praediti. Bracteae conspicuae, re-
flexae vel patentes, ovales, apice rotundatae. Sepala lateralia latis-
sime triangulari-ovata, obliquissima, obtusa, mentum profunde
saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale late ovatum, valde con-
cavum, apice late rotundatum. Petala ovalia, apice late rotundata,
marginibus leviter irregularibus. Labellum trilobatum, in circuitu
spathulato-obovatum ; lobi laterales parvi, rotundati, auriformes;
lobus medius major, semi- vel suborbicularis; carina transversa
inter lobos laterales extendit. Gynostemium breve, crassum, pede
lato unciformi praeditum.

Plant stout, apparently suberect. Roots long, fibrous, some-
what branching, densely brown tomentose, + 1 mm. wide. Pseudo-
bulbs up to 26 cm. long, stem-like, narrowly clavate, slightly sinu-
ous, striate-sulcate in the dried specimen, closely invested by
scarious sheaths which become fibrous in development. Leaves
+20 cm. long, 3.3 cm. broad across the middle, three to five, ap-
proximate at the summit of the stem, lanceolate, oblong-lanceo-
late or elliptic-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to each end, sub-
sessile at the somewhat complicate base, subcoriaceous, many-

[ 125 ]

ORCHIDACE

nerved, prominently seven- to nine-nerved beneath. Peduncles
rising from the upper part of the stem, apparently one or two,
up to 11 em. long, erect-spreading to arcuate-reflexed, more or
less tomentose, with many bracts especially in the upper portion.
Bracts +9 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, conspicuous, oval, rounded
above, clasping at the base, reflexed or spreading, thin, glabrous
or nearly so. Raceme sub-dense. Perianth membranaceous in
the dried specimen, segments connivent. Lateral sepals about
5.5 mm. long,6 mm. wide, very broadly triangular-ovate, strongly
oblique, forming a very deeply saccate mentum, obtuse or
rounded at the apex, sparingly tomentose without. Dorsal sepal
about 6 mm. long, 4mm. wide, broadly ovate, strongly concave,
broadly rounded at the apex. Petals about 5 mm. long, 4 mm.
wide across the center, oval, broadly rounded at the apex, slightly
irregular on the margins, three-nerved. Lip spatulate-obovate in
outline, three-lobed, +7 mm. long, 6 mm. wide across the lateral
lobes; claw broad, sulcate, merging gradually into the lamina;
lateral lobes small, auriform, free portion +1.6 mm. long and
about as broad; middle lobe much larger, semi- to suborbicular,
up to 3 mm. long, 4 mm. broad at the base; a transverse keel,
narrowest in the center and broadest above each sinus, extends
across the middle of the lip and terminates in the center of each
lateral lobe; two low carinae, one starting from the sinus on each
side, converge toward the apex. Column veryshort, scarcely 2mm.
high, continued into a long, broad unciform foot which is about
6 mm. long.

In habit and general appearance, this species is somewhat
allied to Fria confusa Hook. f. and EZ. bractescens Lindl. From
the former it differs in the taller, more slender pseudobulbs,
broader leaves and undivided middle lobe of the lip which has
a transverse keel. EH. bractescens is different in its very stout

[ 126 ]

ORCHIDACE#

pseudobulbs, large flowers and very dissimilar lip. 7. Ander-
sont Hook. f. has a bilobed middle lobe with no transverse
keel.

Kryasau, Clemens, November—December 1915.

13. Eria (§ Trichotosia) leiophylla Lindl. in Journ. Linn.
Soe. 3 (1859) 57.

The form represented by this collection has somewhat broader
leaves and slightly larger flowers with coarser pubescence than
usual. |

Maret Parer Spur, Clemens 250, November 1915. Inflorescence tan.

14. Eria (§ Aeridostachyae) macrophylla A. & S. sp. nov.
Herba robusta. Folia elliptico-oblonga, obtusa vel acuta, parte
inferiore in sicco valde conduplicata, crassissima et viridia in visu
carnosissima. Pedunculus e pseudobulbo infra folium, ad inflo-
rescentiam rectus, fere nudus, omnino dense fusco-tomentosus.
Racemus arcuatus vel nutans. Flores perdensi, extus densissime
fusco-tomentosi. Sepala lateralia latissime triangularia, obtusa,
obliquissima, mentum conspicue saccatum formantia. Sepalum
dorsale oblongo-ellipticum, obtusum, valde concavum. Petala
oblongo-falcata, apice late rotundata. Labellum lingulatum, basi
concavum, paulum ultra medium levissime subtrilobatum, mar-
ginibus undulatis. Gynostemium breve, crassum, in pedem latum
extensum.

Plant stout. Pseudobulbs apparently large and stout (cut and
imperfect in the type). Leaves one (or more?), apparently rising
from near the summit of the pseudobulb, 24.5-27 cm. long,
6.4 cm. broad, elliptic-oblong, obtuse or complicate-acute,
strongly conduplicate below (in the dried specimen), very thick
and fleshy, the mid-nerve sharply sulcate above and carinate be-
neath, shining above, duller beneath. Peduncle up to the raceme

[ 127 ]

ORCHIDACEZ

about 22 cm. long, 3-4 mm. thick, rising from the pseudobulb a
little below and at the back of the leaf and—at its very base—
somewhat dilated and enveloped by sheaths, naked up to the
inflorescence with the exception of a few very remote and in-
conspicuous bracts, densely brown tomentose. Raceme about
10 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, nodding or gently arcuate. Floral
bracts +1 mm. long, deltoid, rounded at the apex, tomentose be-
neath. Flowers small, closely approximate, densely brown tomen-
tose, +9 mm. from the apex of the dorsal sepal to the base of the
mentum (lip upcurved and parallel to the column and foot). Lat-
eral sepals about 3 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, very broadly trian-
gular, obtuse, very oblique, forming a deeply saccate mentum at
the base, upper portion somewhat reflexed, dorsal margin very
strongly convex, anterior margin slightly concave. Dorsal sepal
about 4 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, oblong-elliptic, more or less
broadly obtuse, strongly concave. Petals about 3.5 mm. long,
2 mm. wide, oblong-falcate, broadly rounded at the apex. Lip
about 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, decurved in natural position,
lingulate, simple, a little above the middle indistinctly subtri-
lobed, the lower portion somewhat concave with upcurved mar-
gins, apex broadly rounded and more or less bluntly apiculate,
margins undulate. Column short, stout, extended into a broad
foot.

This species is a close ally of Evia aeridostachya Reichb. f.
and the supposedly identical plant E. falcata J. J. Sm., as well
as FE. Junghuhnii J. J. Sm., E. Whitfordi Leavitt, and E. kina-
baluensis Rolfe, but is distinct from all, however, in having a leaf
that is generally twice as broad. In detail, it is unlike the first
ally in the relatively slender raceme and wider petals; it differs
from EF. Junghuhnii in having glabrous petals and smaller dor-
sal sepal; E. Whitfordi has a larger lip of different texture from

[ 128 ]

ORCHIDACEA

the Bornean plant; 2. kinabaluensis has markedly longer lateral
sepals than 7. macrophylla.
Kinazawu, Haslam, July-August 1916.

15. Eria (§ Eriurae) magnicallosa 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba
subcrassa. Caulis vaginis foliorum omnino obtectus. Folia dis-
ticha, oblongo-lanceolata (laminae superiores ovato-lanceolatae),
longe acuminata, obliquissime et obscurissime bilobata, basi com-
plicata, subcoriacea. Pedunculi nonnulli, apice caulis exorientes,
graciles, folia multo excedentes, densissime albo-tomentosi. Brac-
teae lanceolatae, subulatae, reflexae, in sicco atrae. Flores densi,
parvi, extus albo-tomentosi. Sepala lateralia oblique ovata, acuta,
mentum leviter saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-
ovatum, acutum. Petala spathulato-oblonga, apice rotundata,
subacuta. Labellum in circuitu semiorbiculare, trilobatum; lobi
laterales triangulares, obtusi; lobus medius reniformis, abrupte
apiculatus; calli duo, anterior in medio lobi medii magnus car-
nosus dorso complanatus, posterior ad basim labelli multo minor
trilobatus; carina in sinubus utrinque terminat. Gynostemium
breve, in pedem alatum extensum.

Plant rather stout, graceful. Stem entirely concealed by leaf
sheaths. Leaves distichous, at intervals of about 2 cm., up to
18.3 cm. long, 1.6 cm. broad (uppermost blades up to 9.8 em.
long and 2.2 cm. wide), generally oblong-lanceolate, long acumi-
nate to a mucronate tip, very unequally and very obscurely bi-
lobed, complicate at the sessile base, subcoriaceous, many-nerved,
with revolute margins. Peduncles up to five, rising from the sum-
mit of the stem, +20 ecm. tall, about 1 mm. thick, suberect or
gently arcuate, markedly surpassing the leaves, densely white
tomentose. Bracts of the inflorescence very numerous, +4 mm.
long, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, long acuminate,

[ 129 ]

ORCHIDACE

terminating in undulate setose tips in the dried plant, strongly
reflexed, more or less tomentose beneath, black in the dried spe-
cimen. Flowers extending nearly to the base of the peduncle,
crowded but often appearing somewhat lax in course of devel-
opment. Sepals densely white tomentose without, strongly con-
cave. Lateral sepals 4—4.5 mm. long, 2.8 mm. broad, obliquely
ovate, thickened at the subacute apex, forming a slightly saccate
mentum. Dorsal sepal +4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, oblong-ovate,
complicate-acute, thickened at the apex. Petals about 3.75 mm.
long, 1.7 mm. broad, spatulate-oblong, subacute. Lip about
4.1 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, deeply three-lobed, semi-orbicular in
outline; lateral lobes triangular, broadly obtuse, lateral margins
strongly incurved; middle lobe shallowly obtriangular or reni-
form, the broadly truncated anterior margin in alignment with
the apices of the lateral lobes, irregularly undulate, sharply
apiculate in the center; a large, dorsally flattened, fleshy callus
situated in the center of the middle lobe and—in the dried speci-
men—overlapping the margin, bearing a smaller callus on the
back; at the base of the lip there is a three-lobed farinose callus
with the middle lobe much the largest; two keels extend from
near the base of the lip to the sinuses between the lobes. Column
abbreviated, with a broad winged foot.

In Clemens 76 occurs one peduncle over 28 cm. long, and in
an unnumbered collection of Clemens there is a lanceolate leaf up
to 2.55 cm. broad and a stem bearing six peduncles. The single
specimen found by Haslam shows a somewhat aberrant form
having more numerous peduncles (up to nine), generally nar-
rower petals and a transversely elliptic middle lobe of the lip
with a taller, apparently laterally flattened, apical callus.

This species is very close to the Philippine H77a anceps Lea-
vitt, but more slender, the internodes shorter, the leaves thin-

[ 130 ]

ORCHIDACE

ner in texture, the racemes more numerous and the apical cal-
lus somewhat different. In some states, 7. oblitterata Reichb. f.
somewhat resembles this plant vegetatively, but the lips are very
unlike. H. lobata Reichb. f. also has a very different lip from
E. magnicallosa. The lip of this species recalls that of 27. major
Ridl., but that of H. magnicallosa has much broader lateral
lobes, narrow sinuses and different apical callus. (PLATE 92.)
Krinasau, Clemens, November—December 1915; Haslam, July-August

1916. Kiav, Clemens 82 (Type), November 1915. 3000 feet altitude.

Flower whitish with pink inside ; Clemens 76, November 1915. 3000 feet

altitude. Flower cream-yellow with purple stripes inside.

16. Eria (§ Eriurae) major Ridl. ex Stapf in Trans. Linn.
Soc. Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 237 in synon. Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soe.
32 (1896) 288. Eria Scortechinii Stapf 1. ¢c., not Hook. f. Eria
Kingii Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5 (1890) 790; Ic. Pl. t. 2066, not
E. Kingii F. v. Muell.

Rolfe sub EZ. villosisstma (Journ. Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 150)
says of the Bornean plant: “The Malay Peninsula Hria major
Ridl. is very different from the original Bornean plant in the
much shorter leaves, fewer scapes, which are white-pubescent,
as well as the pedicels and the smaller flowers, and in its quite
distinct lip. It may be called H. Ridleyi Rolfe.”

The Clemens specimen has short leaves and few scapes, like
the Perak plant, and thus the proposed separation is rendered
questionable in part.

Kinasatu, Haviland 1250.1 6000 feet altitude; Clemens, November—

December 1915.

17. Eria (§Trichotosia) mollicaulis 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba
robusta. Caulis crassus, vaginis foliorum omnino obtectus. Vagi-
nae densissime adpresso-pilosae vel velutinosae pilis fuscis. Fo-
lia disticha, anguste lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata, acuminata,

1 Haviland 1250 is the type.
[ 131 ]

ORCHIDACEA

valde coriacea, rigida, patentia, subtus densissime adpresso-pilosa,
adulta supra glabra. Inflorescentiae oppositifoliae, densissime
patenti-pilosae. Flores extus valdissime pilosi. Sepala lateralia
obliquissime oblonga, acuta, apice dorso valde carimato-incras-
sata, mentum saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale oblongum,
subacutum, valde concavum. Petala lineari-spathulata, falcata,
apice late rotundata. Labellum in circuitu spathulatum, triloba-
tum; unguis conduplicatus; lamina suborbicularis, prope basim
callis binis papillosis et prope apicem callo plus minusve dis-
tincto praedita; lobi laterales auriformes; lobus medius reni-
formis, retusus, apiculatus. Gynostemium clavatum, pubescens,
pede longiore donatum.

Plant robust. Stem stout, entirely concealed by closely wrap-
ping leaf sheaths, which are very densely brown (or rusty)
appressed-pilose or velutinous, width of sheathed stem about
7 mm.; joints somewhat swollen. Leaves distichous, at intervals
of about 4 cm., +15 em. long, 1.75 cm. broad, narrowly lanceo-
late to linear-lanceolate, long acuminate, cuneately narrowed
to a clasping base, thick, coriaceous, rigid, densely appressed
brown pilose or velutinous on the lower surface, the older leaves
glabrous above (the immature leaves appressed pilose above and
beneath), the margins strongly revolute in the dried specimen.
Inflorescences +10 cm. long, opposite the leaf bases, spreading,
decurved in course of development. Rachis very densely spread-
ing rusty pilose, more or less zigzag in development. Bracts up
to 1 em. long, suborbicular when spread out, obtuse, concave,
spreading, reflexed in late development, densely spreading pilose
beneath. Perianth somewhat connivent. Sepals densely spreading
pilose without. Lateral sepals 6-6.5 mm. long, about as broad,
very obliquely oblong, acute, dorsally carinate-thickened at the
apex, the basal portion forming a deep saccate mentum. Dorsal

[ 132 ]

ORCHIDACE

sepal about 7.5 mm. long, oblong, obtuse or subacute, strongly
concave. Petals about 6.5 mm. long, 2.8 mm. broad near the apex,
linear-spatulate, falcate, broadly rounded above, obtuse or sub-
acute. Lip about 9 mm. long, 5.5 mm. broad above, spatulate in
outline, deeply three-lobed; claw long, in natural position sac-
cate at the base then abruptly channeled-conduplicate, when ex-
panded broad and gradually dilated into the reflexed lamina;
limb suborbicular, provided near the base with a pair of bilobed,
oblong, papillose calli and furnished near the apex with a central,
similar, more or less distinct papillose callus; lateral lobes small,
auriform, obtuse or acute, separated from the mid-lobe by a nar-
row sinus; middle lobe reniform, retuse or shallowly bilobed and
apiculate, margins undulate. Column about 3 mm. long, clavate,
densely hairy, narrowed into a foot which is about 6.5 mm. long
and dilated and thickened at the extremity.

Considerable vegetative variability is shown by the collections
of this species; in Clemens 303, a very advanced form, the ra-
cemes markedly surpass the leaves, and in material gathered
by Haslam there are short ovate-lanceolate, very fleshy leaves
+14 em. long, 3 cm. wide.

There appear to be no authentic species that are very near
allies of this plant, but H7via rubiginosa Bl., registered sub Tri-
chotosia rubiginosa Bl. by Krinzlin in his monograph (Engl. Das
Pflanzenreich IV, 50, II. B. 21 (1911) 155) as a doubtful species,
seems very close. The vegetative characters, which alone are
given in the original description of this species, are identical
with the material from Mount Kinabalu.

Kinazau, Haslam, July-August 1916. Kiav, Clemens 66 (Type), No-
vember 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flowers ecru yellow with maroon stripes
on tongue, leaf and sheath rusty brown; Clemens 160, November 1915.
3000 feet altitude. Flower brown, adhering to fruit. Gurunau Spur, Clem-
ens 303, November 1915. Fruit. Sarawak, Native Collector 2615.

[ 133 ]

ORCHIDACEE

18. Eria (§ Trichotosia) pilosissima Rolfe in Gibbs in Journ.
Linn. Soe. 42 (1914) 152.

Lozone, Gibbs 4117,' February 1910. 6000 feet altitude, in high forest.
Flowers cream, with red tomentum. Marer Parer Spur, Clemens 290,
November 1915. Mature flowers greenish brown.

19. Eria(§ Trichotosia) rubiginosa B/. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat.
2 (1856) 184.

Rolfe, in Journ. Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 152, says: “I have not
seen an original specimen of 1. rubiginosa, Blume, but it came
from Borneo, and has lanceolate leaves and a rusty-velutinous
stem, not pilose, as in E. ferox, Blume, so that n. 4016 may
belong here.”

Gurutau Spur, Gibbs 4016, February 1910. 5500 feet altitude, on the
ridge in primeval jungle.

20. Eria (§ Aeridostachyae) verticillaris K7rédnzl. in Engl.
Bot. Jahrb. 44 (1910) Beibl. 101, 29.

The plant from Mount Kinabalu is a small form with narrow
leaves up to 6 mm. broad, sheaths not quite equaling the summit
of the stem and short peduncles up to 6 cm. long.

Kinasarv, Haslam, July-August 1916.

21. Eria (§ Eriurae) villosissima #o/fe in Gibbs in Journ.
Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 150.

Much of the Clemens material, No. 281 and unnumbered speci-
mens, differs somewhat from the type in having a wider, more
spreading lip and a broadly triangular acuminate middle lobe.
The material collected by Haslam shows stouter, broader leaves
which are up to 2.8 cm. wide and a lip similar to the typical
form.

KrnaBau, Clemens, November—December 1915; Haslam, July-August
1916. Maret Paret Spur, Gibbs 4090,? February 1910. '7000 feet altitude,

*Gibbs 4117 is the type. * Gibbs 4090 is the type.
[ 134 ]

ORCHIDACEA

in mossy forest. Flowers brown, with a cream-colored and spotted lip;
Clemens 281, November 1915. Flowers purple, with yellow column ; Clem-
ens 376, December 1915, 8000-9000 feet altitude. Flowers purple.

25. CERATOSTYLIS Bi.
Four members of this genus have been reported from Borneo,
but none previously from Mount Kinabalu.

I. Ceratostylis crassilingua 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba nana,
gracilis. Caules numerosi, approximati, monophylli, pergraciles,
vaginis omnino obtecti. Vaginae lanceolatae, laxae, imbricantes,
membranaceae, rubentes. Folium lineare, oblique et obtuse sub-
bilobatum, subcoriaceum, breviter petiolatum. Pedunculi per-
pauci, prope apicem caulis, dense albo-lanati. Sepala lateralia
lanceolato-oblonga, basi obliquissima, apice cucullata, mentum
saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale oblongum, late rotunda-
tum. Petala lineari-oblanceolata, subacuta. Labellum oblanceo-
lato-oblongum, rotundatum, parte anteriore valdissime incras-
sata, lateribus membranaceis involutis ciliolatis. Gynostemium
brachiis oblongis patentibus conspicuis praeditum et pede unci-
formi instructum.

Plant dwarf, slender, about 12 cm. tall from the base to the
tip of the erect leaf. Roots very numerous, fibrous and inter-
twining, freely branched, closely pubescent, about .83 mm. thick.
Stems numerous and approximate, about 3-4 cm. high, very
slender, entirely concealed by loosely imbricating sheaths. Sheaths
deltoid to narrowly lanceolate, more or less tubular, scarious,
reddish, surpassing the apex of the stem. Leaf rising from the
apex of the stem, 6—7 cm. long, 5-6 mm. broad, linear, obliquely
and obtusely sub-bilobed, narrowed into a petiole about 1 cm.
long, subcoriaceous, the mid-nerve somewhat sulcate above and
carinate beneath. Peduncles one to three, about 1 cm. long, one-
flowered, produced from the upper part of the stem, slender,

[ 135 ]

ORCHIDACEAZ

suberect, not equaling the petiole, densely white lanate, clothed
with sheaths at the base. Ovary about 4 mm. long, slender,
densely white lanate. Flower almost 7 mm. long, slightly open,
pellucid in the dried specimen. Sepals connate at the base. Lat-
eral sepals about 5.5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, lanceolate-oblong,
very oblique at the base, the upper margins involute to a cucul-
late apex, lower part forming a saccate mentum, three-nerved.
Dorsal sepal about 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, oblong, broadly
rounded at the apex, three-nerved. Petals about 5 mm. long,
1.3 mm. broad above the middle, linear-oblanceolate, subacute,
one- or indistinctly three-nerved. Lip about 6.2 mm. long, 2.6
mm. wide across the anterior part when extended, oblanceolate-
oblong in outline, rounded at the apex, the thin and membra-
naceous sides ciliolate and involute or revolute, the anterior third
very greatly thickened especially through the central axis; near
the base are two short, parallel, callose keels; three approximate
parallel nerves run from the base to the thickened apex. Column
abbreviated, provided above with a pair of spreading oblong,
broadly rounded, pellucid arms with involute margins and below
with a small unciform foot. Pollinia eight, obliquely ovoid.

Of the more nearly allied species, Ceratostylis indifferens J. J.
Sm. is perhaps nearest to C. crassilingua, but it is much smaller
in all its floral parts. C. lancifolia Hook. f. appears to be a very
close ally, but the lip is quite different. While vegetatively sim-
ilar to C. resiana J. J. Sm., C. crassilingua has much larger
sepals, narrower petals and a larger lip.

Mare! Paret Spur, Clemens 260, November 1915. Flower purple.

2. Ceratostylis longisegmenta 4.& S. sp.nov. Herba parva.
Caules approximati, monophylli, vaginis laxis scariosis in fibras
solutis omnino obtecti. Folium lineare, obliquissime et obscu-

rissime subbilobatum, breviter petiolatum, coriaceum. Peduncu-
[ 136 ]

ORCHIDACE#

lus uniflorus, dense albo-lanatus. Sepala lateralia lineari-oblonga,
late obtusa, basi mentum saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale
persimile. Petala linearia, obtusa vel subacuta. Labellum in cir-
cuitu anguste lanceolatum, trilobatum; lobi laterales leviter tri-
angulares, obtusi, patentissimi; lobus medius subito oblongo-
linearis, apice rotundato, parte anteriore valde incrassata. Gyno-
stemium brachiis binis oblongis conspicuis subparallelis et pede
unciformi praeditum.

Plant small. Roots very numerous, intertwining, branching,
fibrous, closely spreading pubescent, up to .5 mm. thick. Stems
approximate, up to 3.35 cm. high, 2 mm. thick, monophyllous,
entirely concealed and much surpassed by several imbricating
sheaths. Sheaths +4 cm. long, deltoid to narrowly lanceolate,
long acuminate, scarious, loose, nervose, the mid-nerve dorsally
carinate, becoming fibrous. Leaf + 10.5 cm. long, 1 cm. broad,
narrowly oblong or linear, very obliquely and obscurely bilobed
at the apex, narrowed to a sulcate petiole +1 cm. long, thick and
coriaceous, rigid, with the mid-nerve more or less sulcate above
and carinate beneath, margins more or less revolute in the dried
plant. Peduncle about 3 cm. long, one-flowered, slender, one
or two to each stem, rising within the base of a sheath from the
side of the stem, shorter than or surpassing the sheaths, densely
white lanate. Flower about 1.4 em. long with segments conni-
vent in natural position. Ovary about 9 mm. long, densely white
lanate. Sepals densely white lanate without. Lateral sepals about
11.5 mm. long, 3.5—-4 mm. wide, linear-oblong, obtuse, somewhat
thickened at the apex, five-nerved, very oblique at the base
and forming a saccate mentum. Dorsal sepal very similar. Petals
about 1 cm. long, 2 mm. wide, linear, slightly falcate toward
the dorsal sepal, obtuse or subacute, slightly thickened at the

apex, three-nerved. Lip in outline lanceolate, three-lobed, about
[ 187 ]

ORCHIDACEA

1.15 em. long, 5 mm. broad across the lateral lobes; claw very
short, deeply concave, gradually dilated into the reflexed lamina;
lateral lobes about 3 mm. long measuring from the claw, 1.5 mm.
wide, shallowly triangular, outwardly spreading, broadly obtuse,
anterior margins ciliate; middle lobe about 6.5 mm. long, 2 mm.
broad, abruptly obiong-linear, broadly obtuse, thicker in texture
than the side lobes, much thickened at the apex, three-nerved.
Column short and broad, about 3 mm. long including the termi-
nal pair of arms; arms erect, slightly spreading, oblong, rounded,
about 2 mm. long; foot about as long as the column, near the
apex unciform. Anther obconical, dentate at the apex.

Clemens 189 has somewhat shorter leaves, slightly smaller
flowers and a more fleshy lip. One stem shows remains of four
peduncles. In this specimen the petals do not appear subfalcate.

Ceratostylis longisegmenta is much more slender with the lip
very distinct from C. Wenzel Ames and C. radiata J. J. Sm.
C. lancifolia Hook. f. has a well developed scape and a very dif-
ferent labellum.

Krav, Clemens 93 (Type), November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower
white; Clemens 189, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower white.
3. Ceratostylis subulata B/. Bijdr. (1825) 306.

Kiav, Clemens 177, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude; Clemens 320,
November 1915. Flower cream and purple ; Clemens 70, November 1915.
3000 feet altitude. Inflorescence old. [Questionably referable to this
species. |

26. AGROSTOPHYLLUM Bi.

Seven species of this genus have been recorded from Borneo,

with only a flowerless and hence undeterminable specimen col-

lected by Miss Gibbs on Mount Kinabalu in February 1910.
1. Agrostophyllum globigerum 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba

nana. Caulis e basi decumbenti erectus, vaginis foliorum omnino

[ 138 ]

ORCHIDACE#

obtectus. Vaginae complanatae, valde imbricantes, margine atro
conspicuo praeditae. Folia disticha, oblonga, apice late rotun-
data et oblique bilobata, basi complicata., Inflorescentia termi-
nalis, subglobosa, e racemis bifloris composita. Flores perparvi.
Sepala lateralia lanceolato-ovata, cymbiformia, valde carinata,
complicato-mucronata. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-ovatum, apice
late rotundatum, plus minusve mucronatum. Petala anguste
linearia, apice late rotundata. Labellum in visu obovoideo-glo-
bosum marginibus incurvis, callo transverso sub medio constric-
tum. Gynostemium breve, labello circumdatum. Pollinia octo,
ovoideo-pyriformia.

Plant small. Stem erect from a decumbent base, about 13.5 cm.
in height, entirely invested by closely imbricating leaf sheaths,
the sheathed stem clavate in outline. Leaf sheaths laterally
flattened, striate-nervose, furnished with a dark scarious border
about 1 mm. wide. Leaves up to 6.2 cm. long, 1.4 cm. wide,
distichous, oblong, broadly obtuse at the apex with rounded
oblique lobules, complicate at the sessile base, coriaceous, rigid,
spreading, mid-nerve sulcate above and sharply carinate beneath.
Inflorescence a terminal nodding hemispherical or subglobose
head, about 2.3 cm. in diameter in the dried specimen, con-
sisting of racemes. Racemes two-flowered, about 1 cm. long,
invested by imbricating sheaths. Sheaths about 5 mm. long,
tubular-involute in natural position, suborbicular when spread
out, pellucid, nervose. Flowers very small. Lateral sepals about
3.8 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, lance-ovate, strongly carinate, com-
plicate-mucronate, cymbiform, saccate at base, slightly oblique.
Dorsal sepal about 3.6 mm. long, 1.75 mm. broad, oblong-ovate,
broadly rounded and more or less mucronate, concave, one-
nerved, subcarinate. Petals about 3.2 mm. long, .7 mm. wide at

the base where broadest, narrowly linear, broadly rounded at the
[ 139 ]

ORCHIDACEA

apex, one-nerved. Lip in natural position obovoid-globose with
incurved overlapping margins, +3.6 mm. long, constricted below
the middle by a short transverse callus forming a hypochil and
more deeply saccate epichil; when extended the fleshy limb is
apparently flabellate-suborbicular, but it splits on the incurved
margins when unrolled. Column about 2.5 mm. long, stout,
parallel to and enveloped by the lip, with a conspicuous stig-
matic orifice. Anther complanate-hemispherical. Pollinia eight,
ovoid-pyriform.

This species is somewhat related to Agrostophyllum cyathi-
forme J.J.Sm., but has much shorter stems and leaves, narrower
petals and a differently formed lip.

Mare! Paret Spur, Clemens 241, November 1915. Flower cream color.

2. Agrostophyllum saccatum idl. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
31 (1895) 286.

Mare! Paret Spur, Clemens 276, November 1915. Flower yellow. Krav,
Clemens 338, November 1915. Flower yellow.

27. PODOCHILUS Bi.
Nine species of this genus have been reported from Borneo and
one species from Mount Kinabalu.
1. Podochilus sciuroides Reichb. f: in Bonpl. 5 (1857) 41.
Maze! Pare Spur, Clemens 225A, November 1915; Clemens 253, No-
vember 1915. Flower white.
2. Podochilus serpyllifolius (B/.) Lindl/.in Journ. Linn. Soc.
3 (1859) 37 adnot. Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. 3 (1859) 688. Cryptoglottis
serpillifolia Bl. Bidr. (1825) 297.

Dapatan and Penisuxan RinceEs, Gibbs 4060, February 1910. 5000-
6000 feet altitude. Epiphyte in mossy forest, with white flowers.

3. Podochilus tenuis (Bl.) Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. (1833)
235. Apista tenuis B/. Bijdr. (1825) 296.

[ 140 ]

ORCHIDACE

Mare! Parei Spur, Clemens 225, November 1915. Flower white; Clem-
ens 295, November 1915. Flower white; Clemens 405, December 1915.
Flower white with pink tips.

28. CHILOPOGON Sciitr.
This genus has not hitherto been reported from Borneo.

1. Chilopogon kinabaluensis 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba nana.
Caules approximati, patentes, suberecti. Folia numerosa, dis-
ticha, oblongo-lanceolata, apice rotundato minute bilobulata,
basi amplectentia. Inflorescentia terminalis, densa. Segmenta
perianthii conniventia. Sepala lateralia ovato-lanceolata, con-
spicue mucronata, obliqua, mentum saccatum formantia. Se-
palum dorsale lanceolatum, minus mucronatum. Petala ligulata,
apice rotundata. Labellum expansum ovato-oblongum, lata ro-
tundatum, in parte tertia apicali lamella late bilobata, prope
apicem super sinum lamellae tuberculo papilliformi praeditum ;
carina media incrassata e basi ad lamellam decurrit. Gynoste-
mium breve, latum, quadridentatum.

Plant low, 7-21 cm. tall. Roots slender, fibrous, finely tomen-
tose or glabrate. Stems approximate, spreading, suberect to very
slightly arcuate, striate to striate-sulcate, about 1.5 mm. thick.
Leaves very variable in size, +2 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, numer-
ous, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, distichous,
horizontally spreading, at the apex rounded, minutely bilobed and
apiculate (the lobules acute), clasping at the base, rigid, subcori-
aceous, articulated with short scarious infundibuliform sheaths.
Inflorescence terminal, +2 cm. long, dense, simple or rarely two-
forked, subtended by a few oblong, mucronate, foliaceous bracts.
Floral bracts about 4.1 mm. long, 3.5 mm. broad near the base,
ovate to ovate-oblong, truncate, mucronate, crisped, erose, mem-
branaceous, three-nerved. Perianth segments connivent. Lateral
sepals about 3.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide at the base, ovate-lanceo-

[ 141 ]

ORCHIDACE

late, sharply mucronate, very oblique, forming a saccate men-
tum, indistinctly three-nerved. Dorsal sepal apparently smaller,
about 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide near the base, lanceolate, mu-
cronate, concave, indistinctly three-nerved. Petals about 3 mm.
long, 1 mm. wide, ligulate, broadly rounded at the apex, apic-
ulate, indistinctly three-nerved. Lip in natural position folded
against the column and enclosed by the mentum of the lateral se-
pals, concave-involute, when expanded about 4 mm. long, 2.4mm.
wide, ovate-oblong, broadly rounded above; anterior portion pro-
vided with a broad transverse bilobed plate which on the poste-
rior margin 1s barbed with long slender hairs, and above the sinus
of the plate there is a slender papilliform tubercle; from the base
of the lip to the plate runs a stout, median keel. Column about
1.75 mm. long, stout, with four sharp teeth, the central pair of
which are longer than the lateral ones; foot broad, membrana-
ceous.

Many variations are manifest in this species; Clemens 61 shows
floral characteristics that approach those of Chilopogon Mer-
rill Ames, especially in having petals which are slightly spatu-
late, and Clemens 348 shows small, very delicate plants.

This species differs from the very nearly allied Chilopogon
Merrilli Ames in the broader truncate and mucronate floral
bracts, the smaller petals, the longer pair of central teeth on the
column and the color of the flowers. (PLATE 93.)

Kinasatu, Clemens, November—December 1915. Marer Parer Spur,
Clemens 230 (‘Type), November 1915. Flower white and yellow with pink
stripes on lip; Clemens 237A, November 1915. K1av, Clemens 61, Novem-
ber 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower yellow, white, and maroon tongue;
Clemens 348, November 1915, Flower yellow and white.

29. APPENDICULA Bi.
Kighteen members of this genus have been hitherto recorded

from Borneo, two of these from Mount Kinabalu.
[ 142 ]

ORCHIDACEA

1. Appendicula congesta Rid. in Stapfin Trans. Linn. Soc.
Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 239.

Prnoxox River, Haviland 1302. 11,000 feet altitude.

2. Appendicula divaricata 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba in visu
robusta. Caules complanati, vaginis foliorum omnino obtecti.
Folia numerosa, disticha, elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, apice
basique rotundata, in sicco chartacea. Rami floriferi plus minusve
horizontales, vaginis adpressis scariosis obtecti. Rachis fracti-
sinuosa. Bracteae inflorescentiae minutae, ovatae, reflexae. Flo-
res in sicco pellucidi. Sepala lateralia late triangularia, obliquis-
sima, mentum profunde saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale
multo minus, ovatum, valde concavum. Petala oblonga vel ob-
ovato-oblonga, apice rotundata. Labellum oblongum, pandu-
ratum, apice rotundato-bilobatum, carina hippocrepiformi in-
structum. Gynostemium perparvum, pede lato longo unciformi
praeditum.

Plant apparently tall and stout, with prominent horizontal or
widely spreading branches. Stems strongly complanate, entirely
concealed by the sheaths of the leaves, sheathed stems up to
6 mm. thick. Leaf sheaths thin, striate-nervose. Leaves very
variable in size (those of the young shoots much smaller), up
to 4.3 em. long, 1.5 cm. broad, numerous, distichous, obliquely
spreading, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, rounded above with the
apex unequally and indistinctly bilobed with the lobules over-
lapping, rounded and clasping at the base, thin, chartaceous,
many-nerved with the mid-nerve carinate beneath. Floriferous
branches about 10 cm. or more long, mostly straight, widely
spreading, horizontal or slightly reflexed, densely invested by
appressed scarious nervose sheaths that become fibrous. Racemes
about 4 cm. long, apparently subsessile at or near the end of the

naked branches, flexuous or spreading with a zigzag rachis. Bracts
[ 143 ]

ORCHIDACE

of the inflorescence 1.5 mm. or more long, ovate, concave, re-
flexed in development. Flower medium-sized for the genus, pel-
lucid in the dried specimen. Lateral sepals about 3 mm. long,
5 mm. wide, broadly triangular, acute, very oblique, forming a
deep saccate mentum, three-nerved. Dorsal sepal about 3 mm.
long, 2 mm. broad, ovate, strongly concave, acute, three-nerved.
Petals about 2.6 mm. long, 1.3-1.75 mm. broad, oblong or ob-
ovate-oblong, broadly rounded and more or less minutely apicu-
late at the apex, indistinctly three-nerved. Lip about 6 mm. long,
3 mm. wide near the base and a little narrower near the apex,
oblong-pandurate, terminating in a pair of rounded lobes,
rounded at the base which is provided with a thin hippocrepi-
form keel, highest at the base with the parallel arms extending
to the anterior portion. Column very short, broadly winged, with
a short triangular retuse rostellar process and with a long broad
unciform foot.

This species shows numerous variations. In Clemens 360 occur
flower-bearing branches up to 14.5 cm. long having several clus-
tered racemes and one solitary raceme about 10cm. long; unnum-
bered material shows one floriferous branch more than 27 cm.
long. A collection made by Haslam shows several clustered in-
florescences, fascicles of fibrous flexuous tomentose roots which
are up to 1 mm. thick and flowers apparently somewhat larger.

The nearest allies of this plant appear to be Appendicula El-
meri Ames and A. rupicola (Ridl.) Rolfe. The flowers of this
species are considerably larger than those of the former with
lip of different form. It is distinguished from 4. rupicola by
the shorter leaves which are broader in proportion and by the
flowers which are almost twice as large.

Kivapatu, Clemens, November—December 1915; Haslam, July-August
1916. Kiau, Clemens 137 (Type), November 1915. 3000 feet altitude.

[ 144 ]

ORCHIDACE

Flower yellow with purple blotches outside and wine-colored column;
Clemens 360, November 1915. Flower cream color.

3. Appendicula foliosa 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba robusta.
Caules vaginis foliorum omnino vestiti. Folia disticha, elliptica
vel elliptico-oblonga, obtusa vel in visu subacuta, basi rotundata
amplectentia, chartacea, patentia. Inflorescentiae numerosae,
laterales et oppositifoliae, interdum terminales. Bracteae ovatae,
concavae, reflexae. Sepala lateralia latissime triangularia, obli-
quissima, obtusa, mentum conspicue saccatum formantia. Sepa-
lum dorsale lanceolato-ovatum, obtusum, concavum. Petala line-
aria vel angustissime lanceolata, apice late rotundata. Labellum
in positu naturali spathulatum, parte longa basali carina hippo-
crepiformi contracta, deinde subito in laminam reflexam sub-
orbicularem dilatatum; in parte anteriore callis duobus carnosis
approximatis. Gynostemium breve, rostello conspicuo ovato et
pede longo unciformi instructum.

Plant tall, stout. Stem erect and simple, very rarely producing
small lateral offshoots, entirely concealed by the sheaths of the
leaves. Leaf sheaths striate-sulcate, apparently densely punc-
tate,’ becoming fibrous in course of development; sheathed stem
up to 1 cm. thick. Leaves very numerous, distichous, widely
spreading, +9 cm. long, 2.5 cm.broad (up to 10.5 cm. long, 3.2 cm.
broad), elliptic to elliptic-oblong, obtuse or apparently subacute,
indistinctly bilobed at the apex with the lobules overlapping and
microscopically erose, rounded at the clasping base, chartaceous,
more or less prominently seven- to nine-nerved on both sides,
at intervals of +2 cm. Inflorescences very numerous, about
5-6 cm. long, lateral and opposite the leaf bases and sometimes
terminal also, occasionally two-forked, arcuate-ascending, hori-

1 The close but irregular dark brown dots that are universal on the sheathed stems and also
occur somewhat on the leaves and even on the bracts and flowers of the type material are
probably fungous growth.

[ 145 ]

ORCHIDACE

zontally spreading or arcuate-reflexed. Peduncle up to the ra-
ceme clothed with several imbricating nervose sheaths which
become fibrous. Racemes 3-4 cm. long. Bracts +5 mma. long,
ovate, rounded and erose at the apex, sulcate, concave, scarious,
nervose, reflexed, imbricating. Flowers medium-sized for the
genus. Lateral sepals about 4mm. long, 5 mm. wide,very broadly
triangular, very oblique, forming a very deeply saccate mentum,
rounded at the apex, prominently carinate, the keel terminating
below the apex, three-nerved. Dorsal sepal about 3.5 mm. long,
2mm. wide, lance-ovate, rounded and minutely cucullate above,
concave, very indistinctly three-nerved. Petals about 3.3-4 mm.
long, 1 mm. broad at the base, linear to very narrowly lanceolate,
broadly rounded at the apex, indistinctly three-nerved. Lip in
natural position parallel with the column, spatulate with the
lower part conduplicate on account of the union of the arms of
a fleshy hippocrepiform keel which vanishes into the lamina, then
abruptly reflexed and dilated into an orbicular blade with two
obliquely converging approximate calli in the middle and a mi-
nute tubercular callus in the center of the semicircular anterior
margin; when extended the blade is oblong, about 6 mm. long
and nearly 4mm. broad across the anterior part. Column about
3 mm. long, short and stout, with a conspicuous obliquely as-
cending ovate rostellum and with a long unciform foot which
has a narrow keel running down the center.

Vegetative variations are shown by several collections; in
Clemens 63 occurs a leaf 12.8 cm. long and 3.55 cm. broad; Clem-
ens 222 is a form with very narrow leaves.

Appendicula pendula Bl. has generally narrower leaves and
laxer racemes than this plant and also a lip lacking anterior calli.
A. foliosa is also unlike A. palustris J. J. Sm. in its shorter

broader leaves, larger bracts and peculiar lip marks. A very close
[ 146 J

ORCHIDACE/#

ally is the Philippine 4. negrostana Ames, which, however, has
smaller leaves than the Bornean plant with strict racemes and
white flowers.

Krav, Clemens 361 (Type), November 1915. Flower cream and yellow;
Clemens 65, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower light yellow, ma-
roon on lip. Marer Parer Spur, Clemens 237, November 1915. Flower
green and yellow. Losone, Clemens 208, November 1915. Flower white to
yellow; Clemens 222, November 1915. Flower light green.

4. Appendicula latibracteata J. J. Sm. in Bull. Jard. Bot.
Buitenzorg 13 (1914) 37.

The specimens collected by Haslam and, to a less extent, those
collected by Clemens show leaves varying from elliptic to ob-
long-elliptic. In these specimens the flowers are slightly smaller
than those of the type.

Kinasatu, Haslam, July-August 1916. 3150 feet altitude. Flower
white, odorless, “ plant sometimes five feet high.” Krav, Clemens 358, No-
vember 1915. Flower cream and purple or maroon. Lozone Cave, Clemens
124, November 1915. 5000 feet altitude. “Flower purplish green and
yellow lip and chin;” Clemens 129, November 1915. 5000 feet altitude.
Flower with purple exterior, cream color interior. Losone Rock, Clemens
138, November 1915. Flower yellow with purple blotches on fip. Sarawak,
Native Collector 1587. Western Borneo, Nieuwenhuis 1896* (Cult. in
Hort. Bogor. sub n. 360 et 1675).

5. Appendicula linearifolia 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba gracilis.
Caules vaginis foliorum omnino obtecti. Folia disticha, lanceo-
lato-linearia, acuminata, apice acriter bidentata, basi amplec-
tentia. Inflorescentiae terminales, interdum laterales, reflexo-
arcuatae. Bracteae inflorescentiae oblongae vel anguste lanceo-
latae, concavae, reflexae. Sepala lateralia late triangularia obli-
quissima, apice rotundata, mentum conspicue saccatum forman-
tia. Sepalum dorsale minus, ovato-ellipticum, apice rotundatum,
concavum. Petala oblanceolata, apice obtusa vel rotundata. La-
bellum in positu naturali spathulato-obovatum, parte inferiore

1 This is the type collection.
[ 147 ]

ORCHIDACEAZ

callo carnoso hippocrepiformi contracta, parte anteriore late ro-
tundata, reflexa. Gynostemium rostello semiorbiculari dentato
et pede unciformi praeditum.

Plant slender. Stems suberect, complanate, entirely concealed
by leaf sheaths, rarely provided with a lateral branch above.
Leaf sheaths loose, thin, striate-nervose. Leaves distichous,
+9 cm. long, 7 mm. wide below the middle, lance-linear, widely
spreading, acuminate to the apex which terminates in a pair
of sharp narrow unequal teeth with a shorter mucro between,
rounded and clasping at the base, many-nerved with three nerves
rather conspicuous beneath, chartaceous, at intervals of 1.5 cm.
Inflorescences +5 cm. long, always terminal and sometimes also
lateral, puncturing the leaf sheaths toward the upper part of the
stem, simple or occasionally two-forked. Peduncle nodding or re-
flexed-arcuate, thickly invested by scarious, tubular, imbricat-
ing sheaths below. Bracts of the inflorescence about 4 mm. long
(the lower longer), oblong to narrowly lanceolate, more or less
acute, concave, nervose, reflexed-spreading in course of develop-
ment. Flowers rather small. Lateral sepals about 3 mm. long
and about as wide, broadly triangular, very oblique, rounded at
the apex, forming a deep saccate mentum, three-nerved, with all
the nerves (especially the mid-nerve) bluntly carinate the keels
not reaching the apex. Dorsal sepal about 3.4 mm. long, 1.8 mm.
broad, ovate-elliptic, rounded at the apex, very strongly concave,
three-nerved. Petals about 2.8 mm. long, 1 mm. wide above,
oblanceolate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, one-nerved. Lip
about 3-3.5 mm. long, spatulate-obovate in natural position;
lower half contracted by a fleshy callus, anterior part dilated
into a reflexed, broadly rounded limb, which is very slightly re-
tuse with a minute tubercular callus in the center of the apex;

expanded limb about as broad as long; a stout fleshy hippocrep-
[ 148 ]

ORCHIDACE

iform callus extends from near the base to about the center of
each lateral margin which it contracts. Column very short fleshy
dilated, provided above with a prominent semiorbicular dentate
rostellum and a shallowly bilobed androclinium, and below with
a prominent unciform foot.

There appear to be several species more or less allied to this
plant. Appendicula maquilingensis Ames has shorter leaves and
very different lip. The narrowly proportioned leaves and dissim-
ilar floral characters separate it from A. pendula Bl. and A. un-
cata Ridl., while A. dendrobioides Schltr. varies chiefly in its
shorter broader leaves and larger flowers.

Kinasatu, Clemens, November—December 1915. Marner Paret Spur,

Clemens 286 (Type), November 1915. Flower yellow; Clemens 404, Decem-

ber 1915.

6. Appendicula longirostrata 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba alta,
suberecta. Caules vaginis foliorum omnino obtecti. Folia numer-
osissima, disticha, elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, apice rotun-
date-bilobulata, basi amplectentia. Inflorescentiae omnino lat-
erales, multae, breves, pauciflorae. Rachis fracti-sinuosa. Bracteae
concavae, distichae. Flores illis 4. magnibracteatae persimiles.
Sepala lateralia triangularia, acuminata, obliqua, mentum pro-
funde saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale ovato-lanceolatum,
acuminatum, concavum. Petala linearia, apice acuta vel plus
minusve rotundata. Labellum in hypochilium et epichilium di-
visum; hypochilium in positu naturali saccato-conduplicatum,
expansum suborbiculare basi profunde saccatum; epichilium re-
flexum, transverse ovale, plus minusve retusum. Gynostemium
rostello longe attenuato bidentato et pede unciformi praeditum.

Plant suberect, tall, to over 60 cm. in height. Stem entirely
concealed by leaf sheaths. Leaf sheaths striate-nervose, loose,
often tinged with crimson. Leaves very variable in size, about

[ 149 ]

ORCHIDACEA

3.5-5 cm. long, 1-1.38 cm. wide, very numerous, distichous,
spreading, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, rounded above with an
unequally bilobed more or less complicate apex with a mucro
between the lobules, rounded to a clasping base, subcoriace-
ous, many-nerved with three nerves rather prominent beneath,
at intervals of +1 cm. Inflorescences +1 cm. long, about three-
flowered, very numerous, entirely lateral, single or several in a
fascicle, in the middle of the internodes, base concealed by scari-
ous sheaths. Rachis spreading-ascending or reflexed in course of
development, strongly zigzag. Bracts about 6 mm. long, ovate,
acuminate, strongly concave, distichous, scarious, nervose, much
surpassing the pedicellate ovary. Flower very similar to that of
A. magnibracteata A. & S., but slightly smaller, pellucid in the
dried specimen. Lateral sepals about 4.6 mm. long, 3.5-4 mm.
wide, triangular, long acuminate to a complicate-mucronate
apex, oblique, forming a very deeply saccate mentum, three-
nerved, carinate. Dorsal sepal about 4.5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad
at the base, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate to a complicate apex,
concave, three-nerved, carinate. Petals about 4.5 mm. long, 1.25
mm. wide, linear, acute to more or less rounded at the apex, one-
nerved. Lip in natural position folded against the column, spatu-
late with the lower portion or hypochil saccate-conduplicate,
the upper portion or epichil abruptly dilated into a reflexed ter-
minal lobe; lamina when expanded about 6 mm. long and 3.5-
4mm. broad; claw short decurved; hypochil deeply saccate at
base and when spread out suborbicular with the anterior margins
continued into the center of the middle lobe or epichil; middle
lobe transversely oval, more or less retuse. Column very short,
provided above with a conspicuous long attenuate bidentate
rostellum which is about 2.5 mm. long and below with a prom-

inent deeply unciform foot. Pollinia very slender pyriform.
[ 150 ]

ORCHIDACE/#

Appendicula malindangensis (Ames) Schltr. closely resem-
bles this plant vegetatively, but 4. longirostrata has somewhat
smaller leaves, much less numerous racemes, differently formed
lip and white instead of dark blue flowers. A close match super-
ficially is the Philippine 4. Wenzelii Ames, but the Bornean
species has much larger flowers of dissimilar form. 4. micrantha
Lindl. has smaller, more spreading leaves and much smaller
flowers than this species.

Mare! Paret Spur, Clemens 387, December 1915. Flower white.

7. Appendicula magnibracteata 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba
valida. Caules vaginis foliorum omnino obtecti. Folia disticha,
anguste lanceolata, obtusa, basi amplectentia, coriacea. Inflo-
rescentiae omnino laterales, breves. Rachis valdissime fracti-sin-
uosa. Bracteae conspicuae, distichae, cymbiformes, lanceolato-
attenuatae. Flores illis 4./ongirostratae persimiles. Sepala latera-
lia triangularia, acuminata, obliqua, mentum profunde saccatum
formantia. Sepalum dorsale anguste triangulari-lanceolatum,
acuminatum, concavum. Petala lineari-lanceolata, apice obliquo
plus minusve acuta. Labellum in hypochilium saccato-con-
duplicatum et epichilium reflexum divisum; hypochilium ex-
pansum suborbiculare, basi sacco conico praeditum; epichilium
transverse ovale, retusum, apiculatum. Gynostemium rostello
attenuato bidentato et pede valde unciformi praeditum.

Plant stout. Stems more or less arcuate, entirely concealed by
the sheaths of the leaves, sheathed stems about 5—6 mm. thick.
Leaf sheaths striate-nervose, thin. Leaves distichous, ascend-
ing, +11.5 cm. long, 1.7 em. wide, narrowly lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse with a minutely unequally bilobed mucronate
apex, which is more or less complicate in the dried specimen,
narrowed to a clasping base, coriaceous, many-nerved with the

mid-nerve rather prominent beneath, at intervals of about 2 cm.
[151 ]

ORCHIDACE/E

Inflorescences 2.5-3.4 em. long, rather numerous, entirely lat-
eral, rising from about the middle of the leaf sheaths. Peduncle
clothed at the base with several closely imbricating, scarious
sheaths. Rachis very strongly zigzag. Bracts about 1.4 em. long,
6 mm. wide, distichous, lance-attenuate, cymbiform, widely
spreading, scarious, rigid-nervose, carinate, surpassing the ovary.
Flower very similar to that of Appendicula longirostrataA. & S.,
but slightly larger. Lateral sepals about 5 mm. long, 4.5 mm.
broad, triangular, oblique, acuminate to a complicate-mucronate
apex, forming a very deeply saccate mentum, three-nerved,
carinate. Dorsal sepal about 4.5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at the
base, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, concave, three-
nerved, carinate. Petals about 4.2 mm. long and 1.65 mm. broad
at the base, linear-lanceolate, more or less acute at the oblique
apex. Lip in natural position spatulate, parallel to the column,
the saccate-conduplicate lower portion or hypochil abruptly di-
lated into the reflexed terminal portion or epichil; lamina when
expanded about 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad; claw short decurved ;
hypochil when spread out suborbicular, contracted at the base by
the formation of a deep conical sac, the anterior margins termi-
nating in the middle of the epichil; middle lobe or epichil trans-
versely oval, retuse and bluntly apiculate. Column very short,
provided above with a conspicuous rostellum about 2.15 mm.
long, which is abruptly narrowed from a broad base to a narrow
bidentate beak. Foot long, stout, U-shaped.

Clemens 351 has much smaller leaves. Unnumbered material
shows leaves up to 13 cm. long and the basal portion of the plant
with a cluster of numerous, fibrous, flexuous, rigid roots that are
about 1.5 mm. thick.

There is a surprising similarity of flower structure between

this plant and Appendicula longirostrata A. & S., but the vege-
[ 152 ] }

ORCHIDACE

tative parts, while showing a general similarity, are extremely
unlike in appearance and detail. Apparently it is an altogether
distinct species.

Kinasatu, Clemens, November—December 1915. Marer Parer Spur,
Clemens 282 (Type), November 1915. Flower purple. Kiau, Clemens 351,
November 1915. Flower purple adhering to fruit.

8. Appendicula minutifiora 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba subva-
lida. Caules approximati, patentes, vaginis foliorum plus minusve
obtecti. Folia numerosa, disticha, rotundato-ovata vel ovato-
oblonga, apice late rotundato-bilobulata, basi auriculato-amplec-
tentia, laminae inferiores minores vaginis infundibuliformibus
articulatae. Inflorescentiae omnino laterales, perbreves. Flores
minuti. Sepala lateralia late triangularia, obliquissima, acuta,
carinata, basi mentum saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale
lanceolato-ovatum, obtusum vel subacutum, concavum. Petala
ligulata vel oblonga, apice late rotundata. Labellum in positu
naturali spathulatum, parte inferiore callo hippocrepiformi
contracta, parte anteriore semiorbiculari marginibus undulatis;
lamina expansa rotundato-ovalis. Gynostemium crassum, pro
flore magnum, rostello triangulari bidentato et pede praeditum.

Plant rather stout, about 30.5 cm. tall. Roots very numerous,
fibrous, densely white lanate, +.5 mm. thick. Stems approximate,
spreading, above entirely concealed by leaf sheaths, striate-sul-
cate, about 2.3 mm. broad in the dried specimen. Leaves numer-
ous, distichous, about 1.5-2.3 em. long, 1.2 cm. wide, very vari-
able in size (the lowermost very small and the middle blades
rather smaller than the lower and upper leaves), round-ovate to
ovate-oblong, broadly rounded at the apex which is obtusely bi-
lobed with a shorter mucro in the sinus, deeply auriculate-clasp-
ing at base, widely spreading, subcoriaceous, mid-nerve and two
lateral nerves somewhat prominent above and carinate below;

[ 153 ]

ORCHIDACE®

lowermost blades articulated with loose, searious, infundibuli-
form sheaths. Inflorescences entirely lateral, about 1 em. long,
few-flowered, much surpassed by the leaves, piercing the sheaths
at the middle of the internodes, spreading-ascending. Bracts
about 8 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, carinate, the
dorsal keel forming a mucronate apex, strongly concave. Flowers
minute. Lateral sepals about 2.5 mm. long, about as wide, broadly
triangular, very oblique, acute, strongly carinate, somewhat cym-
biform above, forming a saccate mentum, three-nerved. Dorsal
sepal about 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, lance-ovate, obtuse or
subacute, concave, one- or indistinctly three-nerved. Petals about
2 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, ligulate or oblong, broadly rounded
above and sometimes mucronate, one-nerved. Lip in natural
position spatulate or spatulate-obovate, lower portion contracted
by a hippocrepiform callus, upper half semi-orbicular with a mi-
nute callus in the middle of the apex, anterior margin undulate;
lamina when spread out about 2.3 mm. long, 1.8 mm. broad, sub-
orbicular-oval. Column stout, large for the flower, provided above
with an ascending triangular bidentate rostellum and below
with a relatively long foot.

The species most nearly allied to Appendicula minutiflora ap-
pear to be A. cornuta Bl., A. cyclopetala Schltr., A. lucida Ridl.,
A. micrantha Lindl., and A. reflexa Bl. From all, it is clearly
distinct in the very small flowers. The broad leaves and exclu-
sively lateral inflorescences are also characteristic marks of this
plant.

Krav, Clemens 333, November 1915. Flower yellow and purple.

9. Appendicula rupicola (Ridl.) Rolfe in Gibbs in Journ.
Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 159. Podochilus rupicola Rzd/. in Journ.
Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 50 (1908) 142.

Rolfe, |. ¢., says: “ A fruiting specimen agreeing well with this
[ 154 ]

ORCHIDACEA

Bornean species in habit, hence referred to it with a little uncer-
tainty. The withered segments remain at the apex of some of the
fruits, but the lip is missing.”

Koune, Gibbs 4501, February 1910. 1000 feet altitude in secondary

forest.

30. BROMHEADIA Lindi.
Five species of this genus have previously been found in Borneo,
one of which is a native of Mount Kinabalu.

1. Bromheadia divaricata 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba valida.
Caules complanati, vaginis foliorum omnino obtecti. Folia dis-
ticha, patentia, elliptica vel oblonga, crasse coriacea, nitentia. In-
florescentia terminalis, ramosissima, latissime divaricata. Racemi
numerosi, arcuati. Bracteae minimae, distichae, rigidae, dense
imbricantes, cymbiformes. Flores magni, spectabiles. Sepala lat-
eralia oblonga, acuta, subobliqua, apice valde carinata. Sepalum
dorsale persimile. Petala oblanceolato-oblonga, tenuiora, acuta.
Labellum in circuitu lanceolato-oblongum, trilobatum; hypo-
chilium ellipticum, zona media lata incrassata, lobulis parvis
triangularibus terminans; epichilium obovato-oblongum, parte
anteriore suborbiculari papilloso-incrassata retusa. Gynostemium
crassum.

Plant very stout, apparently tall. Stems complanate, entirely
concealed by the leaf sheaths, sheathed stems +8.5 mm. broad.
Sheaths coriaceous, strongly striate-nervose and more or less
rugose in the dried specimen. Leaves about 10-12 cm. long,
2.5—4 em. broad, elliptic to oblong or occasionally lance-oblong,
obtuse with unequal broadly rounded lobules, slightly decurrent
at the rounded deeply clasping base, distichous, obliquely ascend-
ing, very thick and coriaceous, more or less rugose and appar-
ently very fleshy in the living plant, shining especially above,

[ 155 ]

ORCHIDACEA

many-nerved with the mid-nerve strongly sulcate above and car-
inate beneath, the margins revolute in the dried specimen, inter-
vals between the leaves 2-3 cm. Inflorescences usually terminal,
angularly much branched and divaricate, up to 20 cm. long and
wide, without any common peduncle or the same up to 2 cm.
long. Racemes 2.5-7 cm. long, about 6.5 mm. wide, numerous,
flexuous or arcuate, crowded with very small, rigid, distichous,
densely imbricating, cymbiform bracts, rarely sessile from the
uppermost internodes. Flowers large and showy. Sepals fleshy.
Lateral sepals about 2.5 cm. long, 9 mm. wide, oblong, slightly
oblique, acute, very strongly carinate at and near the apex, thick-
ened at the base, about nine-nerved. Dorsal sepal about 2.35 cm.
long, 8 mm. broad, very similar. Petals about 2.25 cm. long,
6.5 mm. broad, thinner in texture, oblanceolate-oblong, oblique,
gently falcate, apex rounded but its tip acute, five- to seven-
nerved. Lip lance-oblong in outline, three-lobed, about 2.15 cm.
long, 1 em. broad below the middle; hypochil elliptic, about 1.4
cm. long, terminating in very small triangular spreading lobules,
with a broad thickened median zone extending from the base
indefinitely beyond the center; epichil obovate-oblong, with the
anterior half suborbicular, shallowly retuse, papillose-thickened
the thickening extending down the middle, margins on each side
of the apex strongly involute in natural position. Column about
1.65 cm. long, 4-4.5 mm. broad, fleshy, with a broadly rounded
wing above. |

Apparently there are no near allies of this plant.

Maret Pare Spur, Clemens 389, December 1915. Flower cream color,

drops easily.

2. Bromheadia rigida Rid/. in Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soe.
Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 239.

Kinasatu, Haviland 1251. 6000 feet altitude.
[ 156 ]

ORCHIDACEH
31. ACANTHOPHIPPIUM Bi.

Three members of this genus are recorded from Borneo, but
none were previously reported from Mount Kinabalu.
1. Acanthophippium javanicum B/. Bijdr. (1825) 354.
Krav, Clemens 356, November 1915. Flower purple.

32. PHAJUS Lour.
T'wo species of this genus were hitherto known from Borneo,
but none has been reported from Mount Kinabalu.
I. Phajus Blumei Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. (1831) 127.
Rolfe, in Journ. Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 153, says: “This has been
more or less confused with P. Wallichi, Lind]., but the spur of
the lip is much shorter than in that, and the sepals and petals
invariably white at the back.”

Krnasatv, Clemens, November—December 1915. Tampunan Prain, Gibbs
3003, February 1910. 2000 feet altitude. Kiau, Clemens 130, November
1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower white and purple, petals brownish inside
and white outside; Clemens 184, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude; Clem-
ens 277A, November 1915; Clemens 346, November 1915. Flower white,
cream color and purple; Clemens 378, December 1915. Flower yellow,
white and purple.

2. Phajus subtrilobus 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba robusta, erecta.
Folia in ramo nonnulla, elliptica, longe et plus minusve subito
acuminata, longe petiolata, in sicco membranacea, pedunculum
multo excedentia. Pedunculus ramo foliorum approximatus,
laxissime florifer. Flores magni, spectabiles. Sepala lateralia ob-
lanceolata, obliqua, acuta, mucronata, carinata. Sepalum dorsale
simile, paulo longius et angustius. Petala spathulato-oblanceo-
lata, subfalcata, apice obliquissimo apiculato rotundata. Label-
lum gynostemio adnatum; lamina transverse suborbiculari-
ovalis, medio longitudinaliter incrassata, carinis semiellipticis
approximatis in callum papillosum decurrentibus, margine in

[ 157 ]

ORCHIDACE#

visu subtrilobato, plicatissimo; calcar perbreve, arcuatum. Gyno-
stemium crassum.

Plant stout, apparently erect, the peduncle and leaf shoot sub-
approximate and invested below by a long lanceolate sheath.
Leaves three or four on each shoot, about 35-50 cm. long, 7-15
cm. wide, much surpassing the peduncle, broadly to narrowly
elliptic, more or less abruptly long and narrowly acuminate, pro-
vided with a long winged sulcate petiole, membranaceous in the
dried specimen, with three to five nerves very prominent be-
neath. Peduncle 30-50 cm. long, stout, suberect from a decum-
bent base, clothed with several deltoid to narrowly lanceolate,
tubular, appressed sheaths. Rachis very remotely four- to ten-
flowered, somewhat zigzag, notably narrowed toward the sum-
mit. Bracts deciduous, about 3.6 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, elliptic-
ovate, acuminate to a cucullate apex, concave. Flower large and
spreading, +7.5 cm. across, variable in size. Lateral sepals about
4.15 cm. long, 1.4 cm. broad, oblanceolate, oblique, acute, mucro-
nate, carinate, about seven-nerved. Dorsal sepal about 4.3 cm.
long, 1.35 cm. broad, similar to the lateral sepals, oblanceolate,
carinate, obtuse but somewhat mucronate from the dorsal keel,
about seven-nerved. Petals about 4.1 cm. long, 1.25 cm. broad,
spatulate-oblanceolate, very slightly faleate, apex rounded very
oblique and apiculate, about seven-nerved. Lip adnate to the
base of the column for a distance of +1 cm.; lamina in outline
transversely suborbicular-oval, about 2.5 cm. long, 3 cm. wide,
subtrilobed, center of the disc longitudinally thickened and pro-
vided in the middle with a pair of approximate, semi-elliptic
fleshy keels that converge near the apex into a narrowly lance-
olate papillose callus; the margins strongly plicate, but when ex-
panded no demarcation of lobes apparent; lateral lobes appear-
ing semi-obcordate, middle lobe broadly reniform, shallowly re-

[ 158 ]

ORCHIDACE

tuse and apiculate; spur very short, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, arcuate,
dorso-ventrally complanate, truncate at the apex (in every case
pierced by an insect). Column about 2.3 cm. long, stout, dilated
above, glabrous, plane or concave on the anterior face, angled
at the back, broadly rounded at the apex, stigmatic orifice large
and conspicuous.

This plant is very close to Phajus callosus Lindl., but differs
markedly in the shape of the lip, the markings of the calli and
the spur.

Kinasatu, Haslam, July-August 1916.

33. CALANTHE AR. Br.
Nine members of this genus were reported from Borneo, of which
three were recorded from Mount Kinabalu.

1. Calanthe cuneata 4. & S. sp. nov. Folium ellipticum, acu-
minatum, ad petiolum vaginantem angustatum, in sicco mem-
branaceum. Pedunculus longus, crassus, folium multo excedens.
Rachis pubescens. Bracteae lanceolatae, reflexo-patentes. Flores
mediocres, extus pubescentes. Sepala lateralia oblongo-oblan-
ceolata, leviter obliqua, acuminata. Sepalum dorsale oblanceo-
latum, obtusum vel subacutum, concavum. Petala anguste ob-
lanceolata, subacuta. Labellum apici gynostemii adnatum, pro-
funde trilobatum ; lobi laterales latissime patentes, oblongi, apice
late rotundati; lobus medius cuneatus, retusus, erosus; calcar
breve, rectum, extus pubescens. Gynostemium breve, crassum,
clavatum, villosum.

Plant stout. Leaves probably several, about 21.5 cm. long,
8 cm. wide, erect-spreading, elliptic, acuminate, narrowed to a
sulcate sheathing petiole, membranaceous in the dried specimen,
with three to five nerves somewhat prominent beneath. Peduncle
stout, much exceeding the leaf, about 85 cm. long including the

[ 159 ]

ORCHIDACE

raceme, below sheathed by the petiole, which in turn is envel-
oped by a lanceolate membranaceous sheath, above suberect or
somewhat arcuate, slightly pubescent, provided with tubular
lanceolate appressed sheaths which are remote. Raceme 7-10 cm.
long, becoming loose with age. Rachis finely pubescent. Floral
bracts up to 1.9 cm. long, 6 mm. wide, reflexed-spreading, lance-
olate, acuminate. Flowers medium-sized for the genus, becoming
long pedicelled and reflexed in course of development. Sepals
pubescent without, margins more or less involute. Lateral sepals
about 1.05 cm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, oblong oblanceolate, some-
what oblique, acuminate, upper portion somewhat thickened.
Dorsal sepal about 1.15 cm. long, 4.4 mm. wide above, oblan-
ceolate to very narrowly elliptic, obtuse or subacute, concave.
Petals about 1 cm. long, 3mm. wide above, narrowly oblanceo-
late, subacute. Lip adnate to the apex of the column, deeply
three-lobed, about 7 mm. long and 1 cm. wide across the horizon-
tally spreading lateral lobes, pluri-tuberculate at the base; lateral
lobes about 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, oblong, broadly rounded
at the oblique apex, which is sometimes apiculate; middle lobe
about 5-5.5 mm. long and nearly or quite as broad near the apex,
cuneate, retuse, anterior portion irregularly papillose-thickened,
erose especially on the lateral margins, sparsely pubescent be-
neath ; spur small, about 4.8 mm. long, stout, straight, pubescent
without. Column about 3.5 mm. long, stout, clavate, densely
pubescent or villous on the upper part.

This plant differs from Calanthe hinabaluensis Rolfe in having
a far longer scape, shorter raceme and different middle lobe of
the lip. It is distinguished from C. abbreviata Lindl. by the rela-
tively small flowers and very hairy column.

Krnapatu, Haslam, July-August 1916.

[ 160 ]

ORCHIDACE#

2. Calanthe kinabaluensis Fo/fe in Gibbs in Journ. Linn.
Soc. 42 (1914) 156.

Lozone, Gibbs 4108, February 1910. 5000 feet altitude. Common as
undergrowth in primary high forest. Also seen on the ridge above Bundu
Tuhan. Flowers orange-yellow.

3. Calanthe ovalifolia Rid/. in Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 239.
Ridley, 1. c., says: “One of the very few species with entire
lip.”
Prnoxox River, Haviland. 3000 feet altitude.
4. Calanthe parviflora Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. 3 (1852-
53) 87.
Kinapau, Haviland. 7000 feet altitude.
5. Calanthe pulchra (B/.) Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. (1833)
250. Amblyglottis pulchra B/. Bijdr. (1825) 371.
The small specimen, Clemens 381, shows a curved but not
hooked spur.

Krav, Clemens 98, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower orange,
red on inner lip; Clemens 126, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Ter-
restrial, flower yellow; Clemens 155, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude.
Common terrestrial, flower yellow; Clemens 302, November 1915. Terres-
trial, flower yellow; Clemens 402, December 1915. Flower deep yellow.
Marer Parer Spur, Clemens 381, December 1915. 8000 feet altitude.
Flower yellow.

6. Calanthe tenuis 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba in parte superiore
gracilis, erecta. Folium ellipticum, acuminatum, ad petiolum
sulcatum vaginantem angustatum, in sicco membranaceum.
Pedunculus folium multo excedens, parte inferiore crassa, parte
superiore gracili. Racemus densus. Rachis pubescens. Bracteae
lanceolatae, reflexo-patentes. Flores parvi. Sepala lateralia obo-
vata vel oblanceolato-oblonga, leviter obliqua, obtusa vel sub-

acuta. Sepalum dorsale oblongum, obtusum vel subacutum.

[ 161 ]

ORCHIDACEAL

Petala oblanceolato-linearia, apice plus minusve obliqua et trun-
cata. Labellum gynostemio adnatum, profunde trilobatum ; lobi
laterales late patentes, obovati vel obovato-oblongi; lobus me-
dius obcordatus, circa ad medium in lobulos binos suborbiculares
divisus, erosus; calcar breve, rectum, extus pilis sparsim praedi-
tum. Gynostemium breve, crassum, clavatum, villosum.

Plant erect, slender above. Leaves probably several, about
25.5 cm. long, 8.5 cm. wide, elliptic, acuminate, narrowed to a
long sulcate sheathing petiole, membranaceous in the dried spe-
cimen, with three to seven nerves prominent beneath. Pedun-
cle including the raceme up to 83.6 cm. long, much surpassing
the leaves, very stout below, tapering to avery slender upper
portion, puberulent below, densely pubescent above, provided
with lanceolate tubular appressed sheaths which are remote.
Raceme about 6 cm. long, dense with about two very remote
flowers below. Rachis densely pubescent. Bracts of the inflores-
cence up to 1.5 cm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed-spread-
ing. Pedicellate ovaries in development long, finely pubescent.
Flowers small for the genus. Sepals pubescent without, upper
margins involute. Lateral sepals about 7 mm. long, 3.5—4.8 mm.
wide, obovate to oblanceolate-oblong, somewhat oblique, obtuse
or subacute, dorsally carinate at the apex, three- to five-nerved.
Dorsal sepal about 7 mm. long, 3.3 mm. wide, oblong, obtuse
or subacute, dorsally carinate at the apex, three-nerved. Petals
about 7 mm. long, 2.2 mm. wide above, oblanceolate-linear,
more or less oblique and truncate at the apex, one- or indistinctly
three-nerved. Lip adnate to the column at the apex, suborbic-
ular in outline, deeply three-lobed, about 6 mm. long, 8 mm.
broad across the lateral lobes, pluri-tuberculate at the base; lat-
eral lobes about 3.8 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, widely spreading,
obovate to obovate-oblong, broadly rounded above; middle lobe

[ 162 ]

ORCHIDACE

about 4.1 mm. long, 5 mm. wide at the apex, obcordate, divided
to about the middle into two suborbicular subspreading lobules;
disc irregularly papillose-thickened, margins erose; spur about
5.5 mm. long, stout, cylindric, very sparsely hairy without. Col-
umn about 3-3.5 mm. long, stout, clavate, densely villous on the
upper part.

This species is rather near Calanthe cuneata A. & S., from
which it differs in the slender raceme, smaller flowers and differ-
ent middle lobe of lip. It is unlike C. hinabalwensis Rolfe in its
longer scape, shorter racemes, smaller flowers and very villous
column.

Kinasatu, Haslam, July-August 1916.

7. Calanthe veratrifolia #. Br. in Bot. Reg. (1823) t. 720.

Under this species are placed a large number of plants whose
flowers show the widest variation, the smaller forms very near
C. Gibbsiae Rolfe, but all clearly referable to this widely distrib-
uted and variable plant.

Kinasatu, Haslam, July-August 1916. Krav, Clemens 42, November
1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower white; Clemens 53, November 1915.
3000 feet altitude. Flower white; Clemens 132, November 1915. 3000 feet
altitude. Flower white; Clemens 343, November 1915. “Flower white with
yellow tooth;” Clemens 363, November 1915. Flower white. Lozone
Gorcer, Clemens 301, November 1915. Flower white.

34. SPATHOGLOTTIS Bi.

Four members of this genus have been found on the island of

Borneo, and two species were recorded from Mount Kinabalu.
I. Spathoglottis aurea Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. 5(1850)

34.

Kinasatu, Clemens, October 1915; Haslam, J uly—August 1916. Krxt-
TAKI River, Haviland 1291. 4000 feet altitude. Kiau, Gibbs 3957, Febru-
ary 1910. 3000 feet altitude. Undergrowth in secondary forest. Flower
yellow; Clemens 33, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower yellow;

[ 163 ]

ORCHIDACEA

Clemens 150, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Terrestrial, flower yel-

low. Marr Pares Spur, Clemens 228, November 1915. Terrestrial, flower

yellow.

2. Spathoglottis gracilis Rolfe in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. (1894)
t. 7366.

Kinasavu, Haviland. 4000 feet altitude. Marri Pare: Srur, Dapatan,
Gibbs 4076, February 1910. 5000 feet altitude. Undergrowth in mossy
forest. Flower yellow.

3. Spathoglottis plicata Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 401.

Kiau, Clemens 344, November 1915. Flower bright purple.

35. ASCOTAINIA Rid.
One member of this small genus has been recorded from Mount
Kinabalu.

1. Ascotainia borneensis fo/fe in Gibbs in Journ. Linn.
Soc. 42 (1914) 154.

Krav, Gibbs 3958, February 1910. 3000 feet altitude. In undergrowth
in secondary jungle. Flowers brown-mauve.

36. BULBOPHYLLUM Thou.
Seventy-eight members of this large genus were known to be
native of Borneo, of which eight species were reported from
Mount Kinabalu.
1. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) altispex Fid/. in Stapf in
Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 236.
Kivazawu, Haviland 1143. 8000 feet altitude. Epiphytic.

2. Bulbophyllum (§ Monanthaparva) anguliferum 4. & S.
sp. nov. Herba minima. Rhizoma repens. Pseudobulbi in visu
approximati, monophylli, pyriformes, obliqui, in sicco rugosi.
Folium oblanceolato-lineare, apice rotundato bilobulum, in peti-
olum brevem angustatum. Scapi numerosi, filiformes. Flos pro
planta magnus, in sicco pellucidus. Sepala lateralia triangulari-

[ 164 ]

ORCHIDACE#

lanceolata, obliqua, acuta et complicata. Sepalum dorsale multo
minus, lanceolatum, acuminatum. Petala perparva, lanceolato-
oblonga, acuta vel acuminata. Labellum oblongum, obtusum,
parte inferiore carina V-formi praeditum. Gynostemium breve,
tridentatum, pede gracili instructum.

Plant very small. Roots numerous, fibrous, flexuous, less than
.5 mm. thick. Rhizome slender, creeping, concealed by scarious
sheaths that become fibrous and by the close succession of ap-
parently approximate pseudobulbs. Pseudobulbs about 4—5 mm.
long, pyriform, monophyllous, obliquely reclining, densely ru-
gose in the dried specimen, surrounded by the fibres of sheaths.
Leaf about 2.5-3.3 cm. long, 5.4 mm. wide above the middle,
oblanceolate-linear, rounded at the apex with somewhat oblique
obtuse lobules, gradually narrowed below to a sulcate petiole
which is up to 5 mm. long, membranaceous in the dried speci-
men. Scapes up to 3.5 cm. long, filiform, numerous, glabrous, at
the base wrapped with scarious sheaths that become fibrous, the
upper part furnished with a pair of infundibuliform, not imbri-
cating sheaths. Pedicellate ovary about 1 cm. long, slender, arcu-
ate. Flower very large for the plant, when expanded about 2 cm.
across the lateral sepals and a little wider from the tip of the
dorsal sepal to the apex of the lip, thin and pellucid in the dried
specimen. Lateral sepals about 1 cm. long, 5.6 mm. wide, trian-
gular-lanceolate, oblique, acute and complicate at the apex, with
five prominent nerves. Dorsal sepal much smaller, about 6.5 mm.
long, 2.5 mm. wide below, lanceolate, acuminate, concave at
the base, prominently three-nerved. Petals about 4.4 mm. long,
1.6 mm. broad, oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, promi-
nently three-nerved. Lip about 1.15 cm. long, 4.6 mm. broad;
claw about 1 mm. long, 1.9 mm. wide, sulcate; lamina oblong,

obtuse at the apex, seven-nerved, bearing on the upper surface
[ 165 ]

ORCHIDACEA

a conspicuous thin V-shaped keel the arms of which—starting
on each side near the base—converge but diminish in height
toward the center, and on the under surface a low fleshy keel
that extends from the base of the lip to the junction of the arms
of the V-shaped keel. Column short, about 2.5 mm. long, three-
toothed at the apex, merging into a long foot which is about
5 mm. long, very slender, extending from the column at an ob-
tuse angle, and has a small fleshy dilation at its base with the
anterior portion conspicuously fleshy-thickened.

In habit this plant resembles Bulbophyllum Elmeri Ames and
B. exile Ames, but has approximate pseudobulbs. It is very
similar in outward appearance to B. ovalifolium Lindl., but it
has shorter sepals and much larger petals and lip. This species is
distinguished from B. stabile J. J. Sm. by larger leaves, shorter
dorsal sepal and petals.

The approximate pseudobulbs, the small dorsal sepal and the
relatively large oblong lip with its V-shaped keel are character-
istic marks.

Lozone Cave, Clemens 133, November 1915. Flower red inside, brown
and yellow outside.

3. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) breviflorum Rid/. in Stapf
in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 236.

Kryasav, Haviland. 6000 feet altitude.

4. Bulbophyllum (§ Monanthaparva) catenarium fdl. in
Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 235.

Krnasatu, Haviland 1164. 6500 feet altitude, among wet mosses on
shrubs and trees.

5. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) caudatisepalum 4. & S.
sp. nov. Herba gracilis. Rhizoma repens. Pseudobulbi perparvi,
vaginis obtecti, crasso-cylindracei, monophylli. Folium anguste
oblongum, acutum, ad petiolum sulcatum sensim angustatum,

[ 166 ]

ORCHIDACE

coriaceum. Scapus pseudobulbo approximatus, in visu folio bre-
vior, vaginis nonnullis infundibuliformibus late patentibus prae-
ditus. Racemus laxiflorus. Bracteae inflorescentiae anguste del-
toideae, acuminatae. Flores perparvi, in sicco pellucidi. Sepala
lateralia lanceolato-attenuata apicibus longis caudatis, mentum
saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale lineari-lanceolatum, atten-
uatum, concavum. Petala minuta, linearia, acuta vel subacuta.
Labellum perparvum, in positu naturali fere in medio decurvum,
parte inferiore membranacea lateribus erecto-conduplicatis, parte
anteriore ovato-elliptica acuta vel subobtusa; lamina expansa
in circuitu anguste deltoidea. Gynostemium minutissimum, bra-
chiis binis anguste triangularibus acuminatis instructum. Pes
parte inferiore incrassatus, apice unciformis.

Plant slender. Rhizome creeping, woody, invested by the
remains of sheaths which have become lanate fibrous. Roots
numerous, fibrous, flexuous, branched, longitudinally sulcate,
about .8 mm. thick. Pseudobulbs very small and concealed by
marcescent sheaths, about 3.5 mm. high, thick-cylindric, deeply
rugose in the dried specimen, monophyllous, about 1.3 em. dis-
tant. Leaf about 13 cm. long, 1.8 cm. broad, narrowly oblong,
acute and indistinctly complicate in the dried specimen, gradu-
ally narrowed to the petiole, coriaceous, many-nerved with the
mid-nerve somewhat sulcate above and conspicuously carinate
beneath, margins revolute in the dried plant. Petiole about 4 cm.
long, sulcate. Scape approximate to the pseudobulb, enwrapped
with the petiole in one or more marcescent sheaths, suberect or
gently arcuate, apparently shorter than the leaf but broken off,
provided with four or five scarious widely spreading infundibu-
liform sheaths which are imbricating below and remote above.
Raceme loosely flowered. Bracts of the inflorescence about
3.5 mm. long, narrowly deltoid, acuminate, concave, surpassing

[ 167 ]

ORCHIDACE#

the pedicellate ovary. Flowers very small, pellucid in the dried
specimen. Lateral sepals about 6-7 mm. long, 2.38 mm. wide,
lance-attenuate with long caudate apices resulting from the in-
volute margins, forming a saccate mentum, three-nerved. Dor-
sal sepal about 5 mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide, linear-lanceolate, with
a similar but shorter attenuate tip, concave below, one- or three-
nerved at the base. Petals much smaller, about 2 mm. long,
.83 mm. wide, linear, acute or subacute, one-nerved, cellular on
the upper margins. Lip in natural position strongly decurved
below the middle, the lower portion membranaceous with the
sides erect and conduplicate, the anterior portion ovate-elliptic
and acute or subobtuse at the apex; lamina when expanded nar-
rowly deltoid in outline, appearing trilobed, about 2.8 mm. long,
1.4 mm. broad across the suborbicular hypochil, bicallose at the
base, three-nerved. Column very minute, provided with a pair of
parallel narrowly triangular acuminate arms. Column foot thick-
ened in the lower portion, unciform above.

This little plant is very near to Bulbophyllum polypodioides
Schltr., being almost identical vegetatively, but it is clearly dif-
ferentiated by its thinner perianth, longer more caudate sepals,
narrower petals and smaller lip. This species is distinguished from
B. adenopetalum Lindl. by its more robust habit, prominent caul-
ine sheaths and apparently efimbriate lip. It differs from B. pu-
berulum Ridl. in having a longer narrower leaf and simple col-
umn arms. It is distinct from B. apodum Hook. f. in lacking a
strict scape which is floriferous almost to the base.

Lozone Cave, Clemens 113 4, November 1915. 5000 feet altitude.

6. Bulbophyllum (§ Sestochilus) concavum 4. & S. sp. nov.
Herba pro sectione gracilis. Rhizoma repens. Pseudobulbi re-
moti, cylindracei, monophylli. Folium lineari-oblongum, falca-

tum, apice in visu acutum, basi cuneatum, breviter petiolatum,
[ 168 ]

ORCHIDACE

subcoriaceum. Scapus brevis, uniflorus. Flos mediocris, in sicco
pellucidus. Sepala lateralia late ovata, obliqua, apice acuta et
dorso carinata. Sepalum dorsale oblongum, valdissime concavum,
acutum. Petala oblonga, obliqua, leviter falcata, acuta. Labellum
anguste triangulari-cordatum, valde decurvum, carnosissimum,
apice rotundatum. Gynostemium perbreve, crassum, cornubus
binis spathulatis decurvis et pede apice unciformi praeditum.
Plant rather slender. Roots few, stout, rigid, apparently un-
branched, longitudinally suleate, +1 mm. thick, produced near
the pseudobulbs. Rhizome about 2.5 mm. thick, creeping, woody,
striate-sulcate in the dried specimen, provided with close but not
imbricating sheaths. Sheaths tubular, loose, scarious, up to 9 mm.
long. Pseudobulbs about 3.5 cm. distant, about 2.2 cm. high,
cylindric or very narrowly pyriform-cylindric, monophyllous,
closely rugose in the dried specimen, enveloped by a loose sca-
rious sheath that surpasses the summit of the pseudobulb and
becomes fibrous in development. Leaf about 13.5—14.2 cm. long,
1.65-1.95 cm. broad, linear-oblong, somewhat falcate, apex ap-
parently acute but really obtuse and complicate, below cuneate-
narrowed to a sulcate petiole 1-2 cm. long, subcoriaceous, many-
nerved with the mid-nerve slightly sulcate above and sharply
carinate beneath. Scape inclusive of the scarcely perceptible
ovary about 5.3 cm. long, one-flowered, provided with two
sheaths, the lower infundibuliform and about 1.5 cm. long, the
upper loose suborbicular acute, dorsally carinate at the apex and
about 7 mm. long. Flower glabrous, pellucid in the dried speci-
men. Lateral sepals about 1.5 cm. long, 6 mm. wide at the base
and 1 cm. wide in the middle, broadly ovate, oblique, acute and
dorsally carinate at the apex, with about nine nerves. Dorsal
sepal about 1.7 cm. long, 6.1 mm. wide, oblong, very strongly
concave or cucullate, acute and dorsally carinate at the apex.
[ 169 ]

ORCHIDACE

Petals about 1.5 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, oblong, oblique, sub-
falcate, acute and dorsally carinate at the apex, five-nerved. Lip
raised on a stout unciform stipe, about 7.5 mm. long, narrowly
triangular-cordate, strongly decurved, very fleshy particularly
down the middle, the center channeled near the base, apex
broadly obtuse, lower margins thin and denticulate. Column very
short and stout, about 3 mm. long and somewhat broader, pro-
vided above with a pair of parallel, porrect, unciform-spatulate,
decurved arms which are about 2.6 mm. long. Column foot stout,
about 6 mm. in length along the union with the petals ; unci-
form portion free, about 3 mm. long.

This plant has three rather close relations, Bulbophyllum
cornutum Reichb. f., B. membranifolium Hook. f. and B. phae-
anthum Schltr. The first species has a much shorter scape than
B. concavum, flat dorsal sepal and conspicuous divergent side
lobes to the lip. B. membranifolium has longer leaves, naked
pseudobulbs and truncate base to the lip. B. phaeanthum differs
from the Kinabalu plant in its smaller sepals, apiculate sepals
and petals and larger lip.

Kiau, Clemens 94, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower dark
wine color.

7. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) coriaceum idl. in Stapf
in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 235.

Krnasav, Haviland 1100. 10,500 feet altitude.

8. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) crassicaudatum A. & S.
sp. nov. Herba robusta, alta. Rhizoma repens, vaginis densissime
imbricantibus vestitum. Pseudobulbi perparvi, monophylli. Fo-
lium oblongo-ellipticum, apice complicato obtusum, ad petio-
lum crassissimum sensim angustatum, valde coriaceum. Scapus
folium excedens, suberectus, vaginis laxis tubularibus usque ad

inflorescentiam vestitus. Racemus perlongus, densior. Perian-
[ 170 }

ORCHIDACE

thium late patens. Sepala anguste lanceolato-attenuata, apicibus
caudatis. Petala minuta, ovata, obtusa vel acuta. Labellum per-
parvum, valde decurvum, marginibus inferioribus erecto-con-
duplicatis, expansum suborbiculare, obtusum, parte anteriore
callo carnoso praedita. Gynostemium brachiis binis brevibus tri-
angularibus et pede arcuato instructum.

Plant tall, robust. Rhizome stout, creeping, woody, about
7mm. thick, concealed by densely imbricating broadly triangu-
lar-ovate carinate mucronate sheaths. Roots numerous, stout,
fibrous, subrigid, branching, +2 mm. thick. Pseudobulbs very
small, about 5 mm. high, up to 8 mm. wide, monophyllous,
concealed by the sheaths. Leaf about 23.5-28.5 cm. long, 6.4—
7.7 cm. wide, oblong-elliptic, apex appearing acute in the
dried specimen but in reality complicate and obtuse, gradually
narrowed to a sulcate petiole, very thick and coriaceous, many-
nerved with the mid-nerve strongly sulcate above and sharply
carinate beneath, the margins more or less revolute. Petiole
about 11-14 cm. long, very stout, deeply channeled, clothed
below with several triangular-ovate to tubular, loose, rigid, car-
inate sheaths. Scape +56 cm. long, surpassing the leaves, erect
or nearly so, clothed for about 26—28 cm. (nearly or quite up to
the inflorescence) with strict, infundibuliform sheaths that are
imbricating below and free above. Rachis striate, glabrous. Bracts
of the raceme up to 1.5 cm. long, spreading, tubular-involute,
lance-attenuate. Raceme rather dense. Flowers with widely
spreading segments, fleshy, cellular-pellucid in the dried speci-
men. Lateral sepals about 1.1 cm. long, 2.5 mm. wide at the
base, lance-attenuate with long caudate apices which are pro-
duced by the involute margins, forming a slightly saccate men-
tum. Dorsal sepal very similar, about 1 cm. long, 2 mm. wide
below. Petals minute, about 1.7 mm. long, 1.15 mm. broad,

[171 ]

ORCHIDACE

ovate, obtuse or acute. Lip minute, with a short saccate claw, in
natural position strongly decurved with the lower margins erect
and conduplicate, when expanded about 2 mm. long, suborbic-
ular, obtuse, the anterior half mainly occupied by a fleshy ob-
long callus. Column minute, provided above with a pair of con-
spicuous triangular acuminate arms with somewhat irregular
margins and below with an arcuate foot.

The numbered specimens collected by Clemens show some-
what smaller flowers ; Clemens 99, 154, and to a less extent 172
show immature plants with somewhat arcuate-flexuous scapes
and dense racemes. Clemens 99 shows a leaf 32.5 cm. long and
another 8 cm. broad.

There appear to be several species somewhat similar to this
plant, but as especial allies may be mentioned Bulbophyllum hor-
tense J. J.Sm., B. hortensoides Ames, B. jarense Ames, B. pen-
duliscapum J. J. Sm. and B. prianganense J. J. Sm. B. hor-
tense is characterized by shorter scapes, narrower more involute
sepals, smaller petals and less conspicuous column arms than
B. crassicaudatum. B. hortensoides has much shorter scapes, nar-
rower leaves and much larger lip than this species. B. jarense
and B. penduliscapum differ from the Kinabalu plant in having
elongate petals and prominent lip. B. prianganense is a much
smaller and more delicate plant with a shorter scape and a larger
lip than this species. In habit B. crassicaudatum closely resem-
bles B. odoratum Lindl.

Krinasatu, Clemens (Type), November—December 1915. Krav, Clemens
99, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower greenish ; Clemens 154,
November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower white, evidently immature ;
Clemens 172, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower cream-white,
small orange dots on column ; Clemens 408, December 1915. Flower white.

9. Bulbophyllum (§Racemosae) cuneifolium 4. & S. sp.
nov. Herba parva. Rhizoma gracile. Pseudobulbi minuti, cylin-
[ 172 ]

ORCHIDACEA

dracei, monophylli. Folium oblanceolatum, apice complicato in
visu acutum, in petiolum sensim angustatum, coriaceum. Sca-
pus folio approximatus, vaginis laxis flavis tubularibus obtectus.
Bracteae inflorescentiae reflexae, lanceolatae. Flores perparvi.
Sepala lateralia lanceolato-attenuata apicibus caudatis, mentum
saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-lineare, acumi-
natum. Petala linearia, acuta. Labellum in positu naturali sub
medio abrupte reflexum, expansum lingulatum, marginibus
lateralibus anterioribus ciliatis. Gynostemium minutum, bra-
chiis binis triangularibus et pede apice unciformi instructum.
Plant small. Rhizome slender, woody, somewhat branched,
striate, invested by scarious sheaths. Roots rather numerous,
fibrous, flexuous, rigid, glabrous, about .75 mm. thick. Pseu-
dobulbs minute, about 3 mm. tall and nearly as broad at the
base, thick-cylindric, finely striate-rugose in the dried specimen,
monophyllous. Leaf about 6.6 cm. long, 1.9 em. wide across
the upper part, oblanceolate or cuneate, obtuse but complicate
and appearing acute at the apex, gradually narrowed to a sul-
cate petiole +2 cm. long, thick and coriaceous, rigid, many-nerved
with the mid-nerve more or less sulcate above and sharply car-
inate beneath. Scape approximate to each leaf, wrapped— to-
gether with the base of the petiole— in several scarious sheaths,
the portion below the raceme concealed by several imbricating
loose tubular yellow scarious sheaths. Bracts of the inflorescence
about 2.8 mm. long, reflexed, lance-attenuate, scarious. Rachis
striate (broken off near the base). Flowers (only one present)
very small, in form resembling those of Bulbophyllum adenopeta-
lum Lindl. and B. flavescens Lindl. Lateral sepals about 5 mm.
long, 1.9 mm. broad, lance-attenuate with long caudate apices
produced by the involute margins, forming a saccate mentum,
somewhat oblique, three-nerved. Dorsal sepal about 3.7 mm.
[173 ]

ORCHIDACEA

long, 1 mm. broad below, oblong-linear, acuminate with a thick-
ened apex, concave at the base, one- or indistinctly three-nerved
at the base. Petals about 1.55 mm. long, .83 mm. wide, linear,
acute, one-nerved. Lip sharply reflexed below the middle form-
ing a conduplicate hypochil and ovate epichil, when expanded
about 1.8 mm. long, .8 mm. broad, lingulate, acute or subacute,
somewhat bicallose at the base, the lateral margins ciliate above,
three-nerved. Column minute, provided above with a pair of
short, parallel, triangular, acuminate arms and below with a
prominent foot which is unciform at the apex.

Of the allied species Bulbophyllum montigenum Ridl. has much
longer leaves and a different lip; B. Brookeanum Krinzl. has
much smaller leaves and a slightly smaller flower ; B. kinabalu-
ense Rolfe is differentiated by shorter leaves and larger yellow
flowers; B. adenopetalum Lindl. and B. flavescens Lindl. have
larger flowers than B. cuneifolium ; and B. polypodioides Schltr.
has considerably longer leaves and a much larger lip than this
species.

The oblanceolate leaves and minute white flowers with cau-
date lateral sepals and ciliate lip are characteristic marks.

Krav, Clemens 195, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower white.

10. Bulbophyllum (§ Sestochilus) Dearei Reichb. f. in Flora
71 (1888) 156.

These specimens show considerably more fleshy and pubescent
horns of the lip than usual.

Krasatu, Haslam, July-August 1916.

11. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) deltoideum 4.& S. sp. nov.
Herba mediocris. Rhizoma repens. Pseudobulbi minimi, mono-
phylli. Folium anguste elliptico-oblongum, acutum, ad petiolum
canaliculatum sensim angustatum, coriaceum. Scapus pseudo-

[ 174 ]

ORCHIDACEA

bulbo approximatus, irregulariter arcuatus. Racemus tarde laxis-
simus. Bracteae inflorescentiae lanceolatae, acuminatae. Flores
parvi, carnosi. Sepala lateralia lanceolato-triangularia, obliqua,
concava, complicato-mucronata, mentum saccatum formantia.
Sepalum dorsale oblongum, complicato-mucronatum, concavum.
Petala lineari-oblonga, acuta vel subacuta. Labellum in positu
naturali leviter decurvum, lateribus inferioribus erecto-condu-
plicatis, marginibus mediis valde revolutis; lamina expansa an-
guste deltoidea, acuta. Gynostemium minutum, brachiis binis
triangularibus et pede conspicuo tuberculato praeditum.

Plant medium-sized. Rhizome about 5 mm. thick, terete,
creeping, woody, closely invested by scarious evanescent sheaths,
smooth when naked. Roots very numerous, fibrous, flexuous,
up to 1 mm. thick. Pseudobulbs very small and inconspicuous,
about 2 mm. high, 4mm. broad below, thick-cylindric, yellow,
monophyllous. Leaf about 15.5—-21.5 cm. long, 2.4—3.4 cm. broad,
narrowly elliptic-oblong, acute with a more or less complicate
apex, gradually narrowed to a sulcate petiole, coriaceous, the
mid-nerve more or less sulcate above and sharply carinate be-
neath, the margins somewhat revolute in the dried specimen.
Petiole 8.5-10 cm. long, laterally flattened. Scape approximate
to the pseudobulb, usually shorter than the leaf, including the
raceme up to 29.5 em. long, irregularly arcuate, clothed with
tubular scarious sheaths which are 1.2—2.5 cm. long, imbricating
below and subremote above. Raceme very lax in development.
Bracts of the inflorescence up to 5.5 mm. long, lanceolate, acu-
minate, concave. Flower small, cellular, fleshy. Lateral sepals
about 5-6 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. wide, lance-triangular, oblique,
concave, complicate-mucronate, forming a somewhat saccate
mentum, three-nerved. Dorsal sepal about 5.2 mm. long, 2.3
mm. wide, oblong, complicate-mucronate, concave, microscopi-

[175 ]

ORCHIDACE

cally ciliolate, one- or indistinctly three-nerved. Petals about
3.2 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, linear-oblong, acute or subacute,
one-nerved, somewhat thickened and microscopically ciliolate on
the upper half. Lip minutely clawed, in natural position gently
decurved near the middle with the sides of the lower portion
erect and conduplicate, the central margins on each side sharply
revolute; limb when expanded narrowly deltoid, acute, about
4.55 mm. long, 2.6 mm. wide near the base, with a pair of small
approximate calli at the base, the central margins on each side
microscopically ciliate. Column inconspicuous, provided above
with a pair of sharply triangular arms and below with a promi-
nent foot bearing midway a minute porrect tubercle.

This plant has numerous more or less near allies. It is distin-
guished from Bulbophyllum obtusipetalum J.J.Sm. by smaller
sepals, larger petals of different shape and a lip which is nearly
twice as large, and from B. gibbosum Lindl. by markedly smaller
sepals and more fleshy flowers, with a dissimilar tubercle on
the column foot. B. deltoideum differs from B. unguiculatum
Reichb. f. in its much larger petals and lip. Minute bracts, long
inflorescences and ovate petals characterize B. saccatum Kranzl.
The Philippine allies, B. dasypetalum Rolfe ex Ames, B. Escri-
tori Ames and B. marivelense Ames, lack the proportionately
large lip of this species. B. ebulbe Schltr. has shorter leaves and
petiole and apparently smaller perianth than B. deltoideum.

Lozone Cave, Clemens 115, November 1915. 5000 feet altitude. Flower
yellow.

12. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) disjunctum 4. & S. sp. nov.
Herba venusta. Rhizoma repens, crassum. Pseudobulbi remoti,
cylindracei vel anguste pyriformes, monophylli. Folium lineare
vel anguste oblongum, acutum, in petiolum sulcatum sensim
angustatum, subcoriaceum. Scapus longus, pseudobulbo approxi-

[ 176 ]

ORCHIDACE

matus, vaginis nonnullis tubularibus vestitus. Bracteae inflores-
centiae lanceolato-attenuatae, patentes. Racemus laxissimus,
floribus saepissime oppositis. Segmenta perianthii late patentia,
in sicco irregulariter crispata. Sepala lanceolata apicibus longis-
sime caudatis. Petala similia sed minora. Labellum valde decur-
vum, anguste lanceolatum, in medio carinis duabus e prope basim
ad partem anteriorem decurrentibus. Gynostemium breve, cras-
sum, tridentatum, dente medio late triangulari et brachiis binis
triangularibus subulatis. Pes arcuatus.

Plant graceful. Rhizome about 6 mm. in diameter, creeping,
thick, terete, apparently flexuous, woody, closely invested by sca-
rious sheaths. Roots rather numerous, fibrous, flexuous, freely
branched, longitudinally sulcate, pubescent or glabrous, about
1 mm. thick. Pseudobulbs about 1.5 cm. in height, thick-cylin-
dric or narrowly pyriform, remote, monophyllous, yellowish,
striate or sulcate in the dried specimen. Leaf 16-25 cm. long,
1.85-4 cm. wide, linear to narrowly oblong, more or less oblique
and falcate, acute, gradually narrowed to the long petiole, sub-
coriaceous, many-nerved with the mid-nerve sharply sulcate
above and carinate beneath. Petiole up to 15.5 cm. long, very
variable in size, deeply sulcate. Scape +50 cm. long, approxi-
mate to the pseudobulb, arcuate from amore or less decumbent
base, clothed with several loose tubular scarious sheaths which
are imbricating below and subremote above, deeply striate in the
dried specimen. Raceme very loose and disjointed with remote
and usually opposite flowers. Bracts of the inflorescence up to
1.5 cm. long, 2.5 mm. wide at the base, lance-attenuate, spread-
ing. Flowers with widely spreading segments which are irregu-
larly crispate in the dried plant. Lateral sepals about 2.5 cm.
long, 3.8 mm. wide at the base, lanceolate, with very long cau-
date apices formed of the conduplicate halves of the upper por-

[177 J

ORCHIDACE

tion, three-nerved. Dorsal sepal very similar, about 2.25 cm.
long, 3 mm. wide at the base. Petals similar to the sepals but
smaller, about 1.6 cm. long, 1.9 mm. wide below, oblong-lance-
olate with very long caudate apex, lower margins hyaline erose,
one-nerved. Lip in natural position strongly decurved, when ex-
tended about 5.2 mm. long, 2.2 mm. broad at the base, narrowly
lanceolate, acuminate, the center longitudinally thickened and
provided with a pair of approximate keels which originate in
unciform-decurved lamellae near the base and extend nearly to
the apex where they fuse. Column about 2.5 mm. long, short
and stout, provided with three teeth, an acute broadly triangu-
lar central tooth and a pair of triangular arms which terminate
in subulate teeth. Foot stout, upcurving.

This species is allied to Bulbophyllum jarense Ames and
B. penduliscapum J. J. Sm., but it possesses narrower leaves and
looser racemes of larger flowers. Unlike B. Korthalsu Schltr.
and B. leptosepalum Hook. f., this plant has prominent though
sheathed pseudobulbs and long caudate petals. B. disjunctum
differs from B. Stella Ridl. in the very loose racemes, promi-
nent bracts and caudate petals. The conspicuous floral bracts,
spreading perianth and simple lip distinguish this species from
B. cleistogamum Ridl. B. hamatifolium J. J. Sm. lacks the dis-
tinct pseudobulbs, long caudate petals and simple lip.

Mare! Paret Spur, Clemens 254, November 1915. Flower cream color
with purple tips.

13. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) eximium A. & S. sp. nov.
Herba minuta. Rhizoma pergracile, radicibus numerosis abscon-
ditum, vaginis scariosis imbricantibus obtectum. Pseudobulbi
minutissimi, monophylli. Folium lineare, acutum, in sicco sub-
coriaceum, viride carnosissimum, supra sulcatum. Scapi breves,
in fasciculo circiter sex in ramo rhizomatis approximati, uniflori.

[ 178 ]

ORCHIDACE

Flos in sicco pellucidus. Sepala lateralia late triangulari-falcata,
mentum profunde saccatum formantia, complicato-mucronata
vel caudata. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-lanceolatum, valde con-
cavum, acuminatum vel complicato-mucronatum. Petala an-
guste lanceolata, ad apicem obtusum vel acutum angustata.
Labellum in positu naturali valde decurvum, lateribus inferi-
oribus erecto-conduplicatis, marginibus anterioribus valde revo-
lutis; lamina expansa lingulata, obtusa. Gynostemium minutum,
brachiis binis triangularibus et pede apice unciformi instructum.

Plant dwarf. Roots numerous, fibrous, flexuous, puberulent,
about .83 mm. thick. Rhizome very slender, about .6 mm. thick,
apparently enmeshed in a mass of roots, branched, flexuous,
thickly clothed with ovate-oblong thinly scarious imbricating
sheaths that become fibrous. Pseudobulbs minute and very in-
conspicuous, cylindric, about 2 mm. long, reclining on the rhi-
zome, monophyllous. Leaves numerous, 1.2—2.7 cm. long, up to
4 mm. broad, linear, acute, gradually narrowed to a very short
petiole, rigidly spreading-ascending, in the dried specimen thinly
coriaceous, in the living or alcoholic plant very thick, fleshy, sul-
cate above and convex beneath. Scapes about 3.6-4 mm. long,
one-flowered, articulated near the base, approximate, about six
crowded on branches of the rhizome. Pedicellate ovary about 3.7
mm. long. Flowers of the Racemosae Section. Perianth pellucid
in the dried specimen, segments connivent. Lateral sepals about
5.5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, broadly triangular-falcate and
decurved, very oblique, forming a deeply saccate mentum, com-
plicate-mucronate or caudate, three-nerved. Dorsal sepal about
6.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide below, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate
or complicate-mucronate, strongly concave, one-nerved. Petals
about 5—-6.4 mm. long, 1-1.4 mm. wide below the middle, nar-
rowly lanceolate, acuminate to an acute or obtuse apex, gently

[179 ]

ORCHIDACE

faleate toward the lateral sepals, microscopically ciliate on and
pubescent near the upper margins, one-nerved. Lip minutely
clawed, in natural position strongly decurved below the middle
with the sides of the lower half erect and conduplicate, the an-
terior portion forming a narrowly elliptic epichil with strongly
revolute margins; the lamina when expanded about 5 mm. long,
2.8 mm. broad near the base, lingulate, appearing subtrilobed,
obtuse, with a pair of small approximate calli at the base, three-
nerved, with the margins —except near the base — minutely
ciliate. Column minute, with a pair of short triangular arms.
Foot furnished midway with a small more or less tubercular
thickening, unciform at the apex.

This minute species is somewhat allied to Bulbophyllum per-
pusillum Ridl., but has much larger leaves, shorter scapes and
larger flowers. From B. absconditum J. J. Sm. and B. sarcanthi-
forme Ridl., this plant is distinguished by its denser, apparently
more fleshy foliage and larger flowers.

Krav, Clemens 317, November 1915. Flower cream color.

14. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) Gibbsiae Ho/fe in Gibbs
in Journ. Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 149.

Penipukan RinceE (also on Marei Parei Spur), Gzbbs 4059, February

1910. 6000 feet altitude. Epiphyte in mossy forest, flowers white.

15. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) kinabaluense Rolfe in
Gibbs in Journ. Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 148.

Lozone to Paxxa, Gibbs 4252, February 1910. 6000-9500 feet altitude.

Epiphyte in mossy forest, flowers yellow.

16. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) lanceolatum A. & S. sp.
nov. Herba gracilis. Rhizoma repens. Pseudobulbi minuti, cy-
lindracei, monophylli. Folium erectum, anguste lanceolatum vel
lineari-lanceolatum, longe acuminatum, ad petiolum sulcatum

sensim angustatum, coriaceum. Scapus pseudobulbo approxi-
[ 180 ]

ORCHIDACEH

matus, folio brevior, vaginis perpaucis tubularibus vestitus.
Racemus laxus, multiflorus. Bracteae inflorescentiae ovato-
lanceolatae, acutae, concavae. Flores parvi, in sicco pellucidi.
Sepala lateralia triangulari-lanceolata, falcata, obliqua, compli-
cato-mucronata, mentum profunde saccatum formantia. Se-
palum dorsale oblongo-lanceolatum, complicato-mucronatum,
valde concavum vel cucullatum. Petala multo minora, rutae-
formia vel rhombiformia, obtusa vel subacuta. Labellum in
positu naturali medio abrupte reflexum, dimidio inferiore lato
membranaceo lateribus erecto-conduplicatis, parte anteriore
anguste oblonga crassiore obtusa fimbriata; lamina expansa in
circuitu deltoidea, hypochilio suborbiculari. Gynostemium bra-
chiis binis subquadrato-triangularibus apice subulatis instruc-
tum. Pes unciformis, parte inferiore incrassata.

Plant slender. Rhizome creeping, woody, conspicuously sul-
cate in the dried specimen, concealed by the fibrous remains of
searious sheaths, about 2.5 mm. thick. Roots slender, fibrous,
flexuous, rather numerous, more or less longitudinally sulcate,
about .75 mm. thick. Pseudobulbs minute, about 2 mm. high
and wide below, cylindric, striate-rugose in the dried specimen,
monophyllous, at intervals of about 5-7 mm. Leaves erect,
+14 em. long, 1.2 cm. broad, narrowly lanceolate to linear-lance-
olate, sometimes very slightly oblique and falcate, long acumi-
nate with an acute apex, gradually narrowed to the petiole, cori-
aceous, the mid-nerve indistinctly sulcate or invisible above and
conspicuously carinate beneath. Petiole 2-3.5 em. long, sulcate,
enwrapped — together with the base of the scape — in a scari-
ous sheath that becomes fibrous. Scape +13 cm. long, approxi-
mate to the pseudobulb, suberect to gently arcuate or flexuous,
shorter than the leaf, provided with a very few loose tubular sca-
rious sheaths which are short and imbricating below and remote

[ 181 ]

ORCHIDACE

above. Raceme +8 cm. long, loose, many-flowered. Bracts of the
inflorescence about 2.4 mm. long, 1.2 mm. broad, ovate-lanceo-
late, acute, concave, one-nerved. Flowers small, pellucid in the
dried specimen. Perianth segments connivent. Lateral sepals
about 4.5-5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, triangular-lanceolate, fal-
cate, oblique, complicate-mucronate, three-nerved, forming a
deeply saccate mentum. Dorsal sepal about 4.5-5 mm. long, 1.6
mm. broad, oblong-lanceolate, complicate-mucronate, strongly
concave or cucullate, three-nerved. Petals much smaller, about
2 mm. long, .8 mm. wide, rutaeform or rhombic, obtuse or sub-
acute, one-nerved, pubescent on the upper half. Lip in natural
position sharply reflexed in the middle, the lower half broad
membranaceous with erect conduplicate sides, the upper half
narrowly oblong, obtuse fimbriate; lamina when expanded del-
toid in outline, appearing trilobed, about 3 mm. long, 1.9 mm.
broad across the suborbicular hypochil, bicallose at the base, with
three approximate nerves. Column minute, provided with a pair
of subquadrate-triangular arms which terminate in subulate
teeth. Column foot unciform, below conspicuously fleshy-thick-
ened and convex.

In vegetative character, this species closely resembles Bulbo-
phyllum lancifolium Ames, but it has infinitely smaller flowers.
(PLATE 95.)

GuruLau Spur, Clemens 305, November 1915. “ Flower cream color
with brown tooth.”

17. Bulbophyllum (§ Monanthaparva) latisepalum 4. & S.
sp. nov. Herba nana. Rhizoma repens, gracile. Pseudobulbi mi-
nuti, cylindracei, monophylli. Folium oblanceolatum vel anguste
oblanceolatum, apice rotundato bilobulum, ad basim sensim
angustatum, coriaceum. Scapi singuli vel bini, uniflori, breves,
filiformes. Flos pro planta magnus, in visu pellucidus. Sepala

[ 182 ]

ORCHIDACEAE

lateralia obovato-oblonga, complicato-acuta. Sepalum dorsale
multo minus, lanceolatum, longissime acuminatum. Petala mi-
nuta, oblonga, abrupte acuta. Labellum sub medio leviter re-
flexum marginibus inferioribus involutis, expansum oblongum,
apice rotundato levissime retusum, parte anteriore papillis raris
praedita. Gynostemium minutum, brachiis binis deltoideis acu-
minatis et pede recto praeditum.

Plant minute. Rhizome very slender, creeping, deeply rugose,
partially surrounded by the long fibres of sheaths. Roots rather
sparse, fibrous, flexuous, about .4 mm. thick. Pseudobulbs 4—5
mm. distant, cylindric, about 2.5 mm. long, obliquely reclin-
ing, monophyllous. Leaf up to 2.2 cm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, ob-
lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, apex rounded and minutely
bilobed, gradually narrowed below to a short petiole, coriace-
ous, the mid-nerve suleate above and carinate beneath. Scapes
solitary or in pairs, one-flowered, about 1.9 cm. long, filiform,
the decumbent base clothed with sheaths that become fibrous,
provided with a minute infundibuliform sheath just below the
flower. Flower comparatively large, pellucid in the dried speci-
men. Lateral sepals about 1 cm. long, 4.5 mm. broad above the
middle, obovate-oblong, complicate-acute, five-nerved. Dorsal
sepal about 6.5 mm. long, 1.8 mm. broad near the base, much
smaller than the lateral sepals, lanceolate, very long acuminate,
concave at the base, three-nerved. Petals minute, about 2.4 mm.
long, 1.2mm. wide, oblong, abruptly acute at the apex, three-
nerved. Lip in natural position gently reflexed with the lower
margins incurved below the middle, when expanded about 7 mm.
long, 3.5 mm. wide above the middle, oblong, rounded and very
shallowly and obscurely retuse at the slightly thickened apex,
anterior portion with scattered papillae, about seven-nerved. Col-

umn minute, with a pair of short arms which are deltoid acumi-
[ 183 ]

ORCHIDACEA

nate. Foot stout, straight, with a very minute slender tubercle
at the base. Anther ellipsoid broadened into two divergent semi-
orbicular membranaceous wings.

This little plant has numerous more or less close allies. It dif-
fers from Bulbophyllum chryseum Ames in its smaller vegeta-
tive proportions, broad lateral sepals and lip and much smaller
dorsal sepal and petals. It is distinguished from B. halconense
Ames by shorter broader lateral sepals, notably smaller dor-
sal sepal and larger lip. B. latisepalum has much larger flowers
than B. sensile Ames, differently shaped sepals and a simple lip.
B. montense Ridl. has narrower leaves, taller scapes and flowers
which are nearly twice as large as those of B. latisepalum.

Kryazatu, Clemens, November—December 1915.

18. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) longimucronatum 4. &
S. sp. nov. Herba minor. Rhizoma repens. Pseudobulbi per-
parvi, crasso-cylindracei, monophylli. Folium ellipticum, obtu-
sum, ad petiolum sulcatum cuneato-angustatum, subcoriaceum.
Scapus pseudobulbo approximatus, arcuato-flexuosus, vaginis
nonnullis tubuliformibus vestitus. Racemus laxiflorus. Bracteae
inflorescentiae lanceolatae, longe acuminatae. Flos in sicco pel-
lucidus. Sepala lateralia late triangularia, cauda longa subito ter-
minantia, mentum profunde saccatum formantia. Sepalum dor-
sale lanceolatum, cauda breviore. Petala multo minora, linearia,
acuta. Labellum in positu naturali valde decurvum marginibus
conspicue revolutis, expansum cordatum obtusum basi bicallo-
sum. Gynostemium breve, crassum, brachiis binis subulatis et
pede longo apice unciformi praeditum.

Plant rather small. Rhizome woody, creeping, concealed by
scarious sheaths. Roots numerous, fibrous, flexuous, more or less
branched, longitudinally sulcate, apparently glabrous, about

.75 mm. thick. Pseudobulbs very small, about 3 mm. high, 6 mm.
[ 184 ]

ORCHIDACE

wide at the base, thick-cylindric, rugose in the dried specimen,
monophyllous, entirely concealed by the fibrous remnants of
sheaths. Leaf about 13 cm. long, 4.4 em. wide in the middle,
elliptic, obtuse, cuneate-narrowed to the petiole, subcoriaceous,
the mid-vein indistinctly suleate above and strongly carinate
beneath. Petiole about 3 cm. long, sulcate. Scape approximate
to the pseudobulb, about 15 cm. long, arcuate-flexuous, striate
in the dried specimen, provided with several tubular, scarious
sheaths that are short and imbricated at the base, free to subre-
mote above. Raceme loosely flowered. Bracts of the inflorescence
about 6-7 mm. long, lanceolate, long acuminate, scarious, equal-
ing or surpassing the pedicellate ovary. Flower pellucid in the
dried specimen. Lateral sepals about 1.2 cm. long, 6 mm. wide,
very broadly triangular below, oblique, three-nerved, forming a
deeply saccate mentum, terminating above in an abrupt long
cellular cauda which is about 6—7 mm. long. Dorsal sepal about
1 cm. long, 2.45 mm. wide at the base, lanceolate, terminating
in an abrupt cellular cauda which is about 5 mm. long, one-
nerved. Petals much smaller, about 4 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide,
linear, acute, one-nerved. Lip in natural position strongly de-
curved with the margins conspicuously revolute, when expanded
about 3.75 mm. long from base to apex or 4.6 mm. long includ-
ing the semi-orbicular basal auricles, 3.8 mm. broad near the
base, cordate, obtuse, provided at the base with a pair of small
approximate calli, three-nerved with the mid-nerve very prom-
inent, the apical portion microscopically papillose. Column short,
stout, about 2 mm. high, provided above with a pair of parallel
subulate arms and below with a long foot which is unciform at
the apex. Anther shallowly hemispherical, glabrous.

There are several allies of this plant, the nearest Bulbophyl-
lum leptosepalum Hook. f., which has much narrower leaves,

[ 185 ]

ORCHIDACE

crowded pseudobulbs, uniformly white flowers and the bracts of
the scape imbricating.

The minute pseudobulbs, broad leaves and long caudate se-
pals characterize this plant.

Krav, Clemens 56, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower yellow,
white and orange.

19. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) magnivaginatum 4. &
S. sp. nov. Herba robusta. Rhizoma repens, crassum. Pseudo-
bulbi perparvi, crasso-cylindracei, monophylli. Folium oblongum
vel oblanceolato-oblongum, apice late rotundatum, ad petiolum
suleatum crassum angustatum, coriaceum. Scapus pseudobulbo
approximatus, vaginis duabus magnis laxis infundibuliformibus
instructus. Racemus dense multiflorus. Bracteae inflorescentiae
lanceolatae, acuminatae. Flores perparvi. Sepala lateralia oblique
triangulari-lanceolata, complicato-mucronata,mentum profunde
saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale oblongum, obtusum vel
acutum, valde concavum. Petala lanceolato-oblonga, apice late
rotundata. Labellum in positu naturali valde decurvum, parte
inferiore membranacea lateribus erecto-conduplicatis, dimidio
anteriore elliptico carnoso convexo; lamina expansa lingulata
obtusa. Gynostemium minutum, brachiis binis triangularibus
abrupte subulatis praeditum. Pes tuberculatus, unciformis.

Plant stout. Rhizome stout, terete, creeping, woody, about
7.5 mm. thick, invested by close scarious evanescent sheaths.
Roots very numerous, fibrous, flexuous, longitudinally sulcate,
finely verrucose, about 1 mm. thick. Pseudobulbs very small,
about 3.5-4 mm. high, 6 mm. broad at the base, thick-cylindric,
monophyllous, inconspicuously striate-rugose, yellowish. Leaf
about 24-26 cm. long, 3.9-5.25 cm. wide, oblong to oblanceolate-
oblong, broadly rounded above, cuneate-narrowed to the peti-
ole, coriaceous, with the mid-nerve sulcate above and conspicu-

[ 186 ]

ORCHIDACE/E

ously carinate beneath. Petioleabout 11-13 cm. long, stout, sul-
cate, the lower part enveloped —together with the approximate
scape—in one or more tubular scarious sheaths. Scape up to
more than 44 cm. long, at maturity equaling or surpassing the
leaf, provided with two remote large inflated infundibuliform
sheaths which are up to 7.4 cm. long, the upper of these appear-
ing looser and more prominent with the apex sheathing the
base of the rachis. Raceme more or less arcuate, rather densely
many-flowered. Bracts about 3—4 mm. long, lanceolate, acumi-
nate, subequal to or surpassing the pedicellate ovary. Flowers
small. Lateral sepals about 4.5-5 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. broad,
obliquely triangular-lanceolate, complicate-mucronate, forming
a deeply saccate mentum, very indistinctly three-nerved with
only the mid-nerve prominent. Dorsal sepal about 4.5 mm. long,
1.6 mm. wide, oblong, obtuse or acute, strongly concave, one-
nerved. Petals about 3.1 mm. long, 1 mm. wide in the middle,
lance-oblong, broadly rounded at the apex, one-nerved. Lip in
natural positionstrongly decurved, the lower half membranaceous
with sides erect and conduplicate, the anterior half elliptic fleshy
convex with revolute margins ; lamina when expanded lingulate,
appearing subtrilobed, about 4—4.5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad
across the lower part, broadly obtuse, three-nerved with the
lateral nerves often somewhat carinate-thickened at the base.
Column minute, provided with a pair of triangular arms which
terminate abruptly in subulate or acuminate points. Column
foot unciform, furnished midway with a conspicuous porrect
tubercle.

Some specimens collected by Clemens are less mature and
manifest wide vegetative variation, being smaller and having
thicker leaves.

This species has numerous allies, but differs from all in having

[ 187 ]

ORCHIDACEZ

two very large conspicuous tubular-inflated sheaths on the scape.
It is vegetatively larger and stouter than Bulbophyllum gibbo-
sum Lindl., and has different petals. It is distinguished from
B. obtusipetalum J. J. Sm. by the much longer peduncle below
the raceme and by its smaller flowers. It differs from B. sacca-
tum Krinzl. in the longer petioles, broader leaves and larger lip.

Kinapatu, Clemens, November—December 1915 ; Haslam, July-August
1916. Kiau, Clemens 36 (Type), November 1915. 3000 feet altitude.
Flower cream color and yellow; Clemens 48, November 1915. 3000 feet
altitude. Flower yellow with orange column ; Clemens 325, November
1915. Flower yellow; Clemens 352, November 1915. Flower cream color
with red column.

20. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) minutiflorum 4. & S.
sp. nov. Herba perparva. Rhizoma repens, teres. Pseudobulbi
minutissimi, monophylli. Folium lineare, subacutum vel obtu-
sum, in petiolum gracilem sulcatum contractum, crasse coria-
ceum, in sicco rigidum. Scapus pseudobulbo approximatus, tarde
folium excedens, vaginis nonnullis membranaceis tubulatis prae-
ditus. Racemus laxiflorus. Bracteae inflorescentiae anguste lan-
ceolatae, patentes. Flores mmuti. Sepala lateralia triangulari-
lanceolata, faleata, obliqua, complicato-mucronata, mentum
saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale oblongum, complicato-
mucronatum, valde concavum. Petala oblanceolato-oblonga, ob-
tusa vel raro subacuta. Labellum in positu naturali valde decur-
vum, parte inferiore membranacea lateribus erecto-conduplica-
tis, dimidio anteriore subcarnoso late elliptico; lamina expansa
ovato-lingulata, obtusa. Gynostemium minutum, brachiis binis
triangulari-lanceolatis acuminatis et pede unciformi instructum.

Plant very small. Rhizome terete, woody, creeping, somewhat
branched, invested by close scarious sheaths that become fibrous,
about 3.4 mm. thick. Roots very numerous, fibrous, flexuous,
about .5 mm. thick. Pseudobulbs minute, about 1 mm. high,

[ 188 ]

ORCHIDACEA

eylindric, monophyllous, at intervals of 7-9 mm. Leaf about
7.5-8.5 cm. long (rarely 5 cm. long),8—9 mm. wide, linear, obtuse
or subacute, sometimes somewhat complicate at the apex, con-
tracted into a petioled base, thick and coriaceous, rigid, many-
nerved with the mid-nerve more or less sulcate above and cari-
nate beneath. Petiole about 3.2 cm. long, slender, sulcate. Scape
approximate to the pseudobulb, in course of development sur-
passing the leaf, about 14-16 cm. tall, slender, striate in the dried
specimen, provided with about four loose tubular membrana-
eeous sheaths which are imbricating below and free above.
Raceme loose in development. Rachis up to 8 cm. long. Bracts
of the inflorescence about 3—4.5 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate,
spreading, surpassing the pedicellate ovary. Flowers very small.
Lateral sepals about 3-4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, triangular-
lanceolate, falecate, oblique, forming a saccate mentum, compli-
cate-mucronate at the apex, one- or indistinctly three-nerved.
Dorsal sepal about 2.5-3 mm. long, 1.1-1.5 mm. wide, oblong,
complicate-mucronate, strongly concave, one-nerved. Petals
about 1.75 mm. long, .5 mm. broad above the middle, oblanceo-
late-oblong, obtuse or rarely subacute, prominently one-nerved.
Lip in natural position strongly decurved below the middle,
the lower portion membranaceous with erect conduplicate sides,
the anterior half forming a sub-fleshy broadly elliptic epichil
with revolute margins; limb when expanded about 2.5 mm. long,
1.5 mm. broad near the base, ovate-lingulate, obtuse, appearing
subtrilobed, three-nerved. Column minute, provided with a pair
of parallel triangular-lanceolate acuminate arms and an unciform
foot.

This plant most closely resembles Bulbophyllum Gibbsiae
Rolfe and B. linearifolium King and Pantl. It is distinguished
from the former by the uniformly broader coriaceous leaves and

[ 189 ]

ORCHIDACE

relatively longer scapes; it differs from the latter in having
shorter narrower leaves and a much longer flowerless part of the
peduncle. In its small flowers, this plant differs from the allied
Philippine group represented by B. Clemensiae Ames, B. Escri-
torii Ames, and B. marivelense Ames.

Krvasatu, Haslam, July-August 1916.

21. Bulbophyllum (§ Monanthaparva) montense Rid. in
Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 234.
Krvazarvu, Haviland 1099. 11,000 feet altitude. Epiphytic, sepals and
petals veined orange yellow.
22. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) montigenum idl. in
Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, 4 (1894) 235.
Kinasalu, Haviland 1252. 6000 feet altitude.

23. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) odoratum Lindl. Gen. &
Sp. Orch. (1830) 54.

In most of the Bornean specimens the sepals are ovate-lance-
olate and the buds sometimes marked “ yellow,” while the entire
plant is stouter than the typical form; but J. J. Smith in FI.
Buitenzorg 6 (1905) 424, says of this species, “ Die Exemplare
von Borneo sind meistens kraftiger als die javanischen und haben
orangefarbige Bliitenknospen.”

Kryasatu, Clemens, November—December 1915. Ktau, Clemens 21, No-
vember 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower white, bud yellow; Clemens 97,
November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower white. Sarawak, Native Col-
lector 22. Sarawak, Lio-Matu Baram, Native Collector 2756, October
1914. Flower white.

24. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) pergracile 4. & S. sp.
nov. Herba parva, pergracilis. Rhizoma gracile, repens. Pseudo-
bulbi minutissimi, subapproximati, monophylli. Folium anguste
lineare, acutum vel raro obtusum, in petiolum indistinctum sul-

catum angustatum, subcoriaceum. Scapus pseudobulbo approxi-

[ 190 ]

ORCHIDACE

matus, perbrevis, vaginis nonnullis laxis tubularibus instructus.
Racemus laxiflorus. Bracteae inflorescentiae lineari-lanceolatae.
Flores perparvi. Sepala lateralia lanceolato-attenuata apicibus
caudatis. Sepalum dorsale simile sed minus. Petala perparva,
oblongo-linearia, obtusa. Labellum parvum, in positu naturali
decurvum, dimidio inferiore membranaceo lateribus erecto-con-
duplicatis, parte anteriore elliptica obtusa; lamina expansa tri-
angulari-lingulata, ciliata. Gynostemium minutum, brachiis tri-
angularibus acuminatis et pede gracili praeditum.

Plant small, very slender. Rhizome slender, about 2—2.5 mm.
thick, creeping, woody, sulcate in the dried specimen, invested by
searious sheaths that become fibrous. Roots numerous, fibrous,
flexuous, finely puberulent, sometimes longitudinally sulcate,
about .4 mm. thick. Pseudobulbs very minute, about 1-1.5 mm.
in height, cylindric, subapproximate, reclining, monophyllous,
suleate-rugose in the dried plant. Leaf about 8-11 cm. long,
5-8.5 mm. broad, narrowly linear, often more or less falcate,
acute and minutely complicate or rounded at the apex, gradu-
ally narrowed into an indistinct sulcate petiole, subcoriaceous,
the mid-nerve more or less sulcate above and carinate beneath.
Scape approximate to the pseudobulb, about 3.5 mm. long, arcu-
ate or flexuous, provided with several loose tubular membrana-
ceous sheaths, invested below—together with the base of the
petiole—by several loose tubular imbricating scarious sheaths.
Raceme loose, up to ten-flowered. Bracts of the inflorescence
about 2.5-3 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, surpassing the pedi-
cellate ovary. Flowers very small. Perianth segments connivent.
Lateral sepals about 5 mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide at the base, lance-
attenuate with long caudate apices, one- or indistinctly three-
nerved. Dorsal sepal similar, about 4 mm. long, .8 mm. wide,

concave below. Petals very small, about 1.25 mm. long, .85 mm.
[191 ]

ORCHIDACE

broad, oblong-linear, obtuse, one-nerved. Lip small, in natural
position decurved, the lower half membranaceous with erect con-
duplicate sides, the anterior half elliptic, obtuse; limb when ex-
tended triangular-lingulate, appearing subtrilobed, about 1.7mm.
long, 1 mm. broad near the base which is bicallose, the margins
ciliate in the middle of each side. Column minute, provided with
a pair of parallel prominent triangular acuminate arms and a
slender foot.

The type seems to be rather immature, but resembles a plant
collected by Haslam with leaves about 7 cm. long and a suberect
scape about 6.5 cm. long ; the flowers, while apparently identical,
are too imperfect for sure diagnosis.

In floral structure, this species resembles a diminutive example
of B. adenopetalum Lindl., but the foliage is much narrower.

Kiau, Clemens 326, November 1915. Flower yellow.

25. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) reflexum A. & S. sp. nov.
Herba gracilis. Pseudobulbi approximati, cylindracei, in sicco
striati, monophylli. Folium elliptico-oblongum, probabiliter acu-
tum vel subacutum, in petiolum sulcatum cuneato-angustatum,
coriaceum. Scapus pseudobulbis approximatus, suberecto-flexu-
osus. Racemus subito reflexus, floribus densis. Bracteae minutae.
Flores perparvi. Sepala lateralia falcato-ovata, obliquissima,
apice subacuta. Sepalum dorsale triangulare, acutum vel obtu-
sum, valde concavum, apice revolutum, ciliatum. Petala lanceo-
lata, sensim acuminata, dimidio anteriore conspicue ciliato. La-
bellum valde decurvum, expansum ovatum, obtusum, carnosis-
simum, dense papillosum, ciliatum. Gynostemium minutum,
brachiis binis subulatis et pede brevi arcuato praeditum.

Plant slender. Rhizome stout, woody, creeping, about 6 mm.
thick. Roots numerous, fibrous, flexuous, longitudinally sulcate,

about .6 mm. thick. Pseudobulbs up to 1.4 em. long, approxi-
[ 192 ]

ORCHIDACEA

mate, cylindric, closely striate in the dried specimen, monophy]l-
lous, invested by sheaths that become fibrous. Leaf about 12 cm.
long, 3 cm. broad, elliptic-oblong, appearing acute at the imper-
fect complicate apex, cuneately narrowed to a sulcate petiole
about 3.5 cm. long, coriaceous, many-nerved with the mid-nerve
suleate above and carinate beneath. Scape approximate to the
pseudobulbs, suberect-flexuous, about 22 cm. tall up to the ra-
ceme, 1.5 mm. thick, terete below, striate above in the dried
specimen, provided with two small remote tubular appressed
scarious sheaths. Rachis sharply reflexed, blackish-brown, gla-
brous. Raceme very dense, about 4.7 cm. long, 7 mm. broad.
Bracts minute, about .6 mm. long, less than half the length of
the pedicellate ovary. Flowers very small, glabrous. Lateral
sepals about 4—4.2 mm. long, 2 mm. broad at the base anda little
wider across the middle, ovate-falcate and decurved, very oblique,
obliquely rounded to a subacute apex, three-nerved, somewhat
ciliolate. Dorsal sepal about 3.5—4 mm. long, 3.2 mm. wide at the
base, triangular, acute or obtuse, strongly concave, ciliate espe-
cially above, revolute at the apex. Petals about 3.1 mm. long,
1 mm. wide, lanceolate, long acuminate to a caudate apex, mark-
edly ciliate on the anterior half, one-nerved. Lip strongly de-
curved below the middle, when expanded ovate, about 2-3 mm.
long, 1.75-2 mm. broad, very fleshy and densely papillose, apex
obtuse or subacute, ciliate, channeled in the middle toward the
base, margins revolute, the central area on the under surface
thickened and medianly channeled. Column minute, furnished
above with a central fleshy suborbicular tooth and a conspicuous
pair of parallel arms which rise as subulate points from irregular
basal dilations. Column foot short, stout, arcuate.

The nearest relative of this plant is Bulbophyllum Merrittu
Ames, from which it varies in having wider sepals, far different

[ 193 ]

ORCHIDACE

petals and much larger lip. B. recurvum Lindl. has pendulous
scapes and a differently formed flower with obovate petals.
Krav, Clemens 384, December 1915. “ Flower white with black tooth.”

26. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) rhizomatosum A. & S.
sp. nov. Herba gracilis. Rhizoma longissimum, repens, gracile,
vaginis scariosis vel fibris vaginarum obtectum. Pseudobulbi
minuti, reclinati, cylindracei, monophylli. Folium ellipticum vel
elliptico-oblongum, acutum vel acuminatum, in petiolum per-
brevem angustatum, subcoriaceum. Scapi e basi pseudobulbi vel
e rhizomate medio inter pseudobulbos exorientes, folia multo
superantes, vaginis perpaucis tubularibus inconspicuis remotis
praediti. Racemus laxiflorus. Perianthium in sicco pellucidum.
Sepala lateralia late triangularia, apicibus longe caudatis subito
terminantia, mentum saccatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale
lanceolatum, apice caudato. Petala minuta, ovata, acuta. Label-
lum in positu naturali decurvum lateribus inferioribus erecto-
conduplicatis, lateribus anterioribus valde reflexis; lamina ex-
pansa oblonga simplex obtusa vel subacuta, parte inferiore subtus
carinato-incrassata. Gynostemium minutum, pede apice unci-
formi instructum.

Rhizome very long and creeping (or pendant?), slender, ter-
ete, about .75 mm. thick, concealed by scarious imbricating
sheaths that become fibrous or by the copious fibres of sheaths.
Roots numerous in the lower portion, sparse and scattering
above, very slender, fibrous, long, somewhat branched, finely
puberulent, about .25—.3 mm. thick. Pseudobulbs minute, about
2.5-3.5 mm. long, cylindric, finely rugose in the dried speci-
men, reclining, monophyllous, surrounded by the long fibres of
sheaths. Leaf about 3.7—-6.25 cm. long, 1-1.5 em. wide (the im-
mature leaves much smaller), elliptic to elliptic-oblong, acute

or acuminate, cuneate-narrowed to a very short sulcate petiole,
[ 194 ]

ORCHIDACEA

rigid, subcoriaceous, the mid-nerve sulcate above and carinate
beneath, obliquely spreading from the rhizome. Scapes much
surpassing the leaves, +10 cm. long, ascending-spreading, rising
from the bases of the pseudobulbs or from the rhizome midway
between the pseudobulbs, clothed at the base with several closely
imbricating scarious sheaths and above with about two remote
slender tubular scarious sheaths. Raceme loosely flowered.
Bracts of the inflorescence mostly deciduous, lance-attenuate,
scarious. Flowers small. Perianth pellucid in the dried specimen,
sepals with spreading caudate tips. Lateral sepals about '7 mm.
long, 3 mm. wide, broadly triangular below, oblique, forming
a saccate mentum, indistinctly three-nerved, terminating in a
rather abrupt slender cauda which is about 4.5 mm. long. Dorsal
sepal about 6 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad at the base, lanceolate
with a long caudate apex, concave at the base, one- or indistinctly
three-nerved. Petals minute, about 1.55 mm. long, 1.2 mm.
broad at the base, ovate, acute, one-nerved. Lip minutely clawed,
in natural position decurved with the sides of the lower portion
erect and conduplicate, the sides of the anterior part strongly
reflexed, with the upper surface convex ; lamina when expanded
oblong, simple, obtuse or subacute, about 3.5 mm. long, 1.4 mm.
wide, the lower portion of the under surface conspicuously
carinate-thickened in the median line. Column very minute,
furnished with a foot that is thickened below and unciform
above.

This unusual species closely resembles Bulbophyllum philip-
pinense Ames in habit and foliage, but differs from it in having
smaller pseudobulbs, relatively elongate loosely flowered scapes
and larger flowers. In habit it resembles B. longerepens Ridl.,
but possesses much smaller pseudobulbs, larger leaves, different
petals and lip.

[ 195 ]

ORCHIDACEA

Lozone Cave, Clemens 106, November 1915. 5000 feet altitude. Flower
yellow.

27. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) sigmoideum 4. & SS. sp.
nov. Herba mediocris. Rhizoma repens. Pseudobulbi minutis-
simi, crasso-cylindracei, monophylli. Folium oblongum, apice
rotundatum, ad petiolum sulcatum angustatum, crasse coria-
ceum. Scapus pseudobulbo approximatus, suberecto-arcuatus,
folium excedens, vaginis nonnullis infundibuliformibus foliaceis
instructus. Bracteae inflorescentiae lanceolatae, acuminatae.
Racemus tarde laxiflorus. Flores carnosi, in sicco pellucidi. Se-
pala lanceolato-attenuata, apicibus longis caudatis terminantia.
Petala perparva, oblongo-lanceolata, obtusa et minute apiculata.
Labellum in positu naturali sigmoideum, in medio abrupte de-
curvum, apice leviter resurgens, parte inferiore membranacea
lateribus erecto-conduplicatis, dimidio anteriore angustissime
elliptico carnosissimo acuto; carina tenuis subtus extendit.
Gynostemium perbreve, brachiis binis brevibus triangularibus et
pede unciformi tuberculato praeditum.

Plant medium-sized. Rhizome creeping, woody, terete, 3—4
mm. thick, invested by scarious sheaths that become fibrous.
Roots numerous, fibrous, flexuous, about .7 mm. thick. Pseudo-
bulbs minute, about 1 mm. high, 3 mm. broad below, about 7-8
mm. distant, monophyllous, concealed by the fibrous remnants
of sheaths. Leaf 9-14.5 cm. long, 2.6-3.4 cm. wide, oblong,
rounded at the apex, cuneate-narrowed to the petiole, thick and
coriaceous, the mid-nerve more or less sulcate above and carinate
beneath. Petiole 2-4.7 em. long, rather stout, sulcate. Scape
approximate to the pseudobulb, suberect or gently arcuate, sur-
passing the leaf, about 20 cm. long, provided with four or five
foliaceous spreading infundibuliform sheaths which are imbricat-
ing below and successively more remote above, upper portion

[ 196 ]

ORCHIDACEA

furnished with one or more sterile bracts which are rarely oppo-
site. Bracts of the inflorescence about 9 mm. long, 8 mm. wide
below, lanceolate, long acuminate, concave, three-nerved, much
exceeding the pedicellate ovary. Raceme loosely about twenty-
flowered. Perianth segments connivent. Flowers fleshy, trans-
lucent in the dried specimen. Lateral sepals about 1 cm. long,
3 mm. wide below, lance-attenuate with the involute margins
producing long caudate apices, forming a saccate mentum below,
one- or indistinctly three-nerved. Dorsal sepal similar, about
8.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide near the base, concave below. Pet-
als minute, about 2 mm. long, .7 mm. broad, oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse and minutely apiculate, one-nerved. Lip minutely clawed,
in the natural position sigmoid, about 3 mm. long, abruptly de-
curved in the middle with the apex slightly upcurved, the basal
portion membranaceous with the sides erect and conduplicate,
the anterior half very narrowly elliptic, acute, very thick and
fleshy ; limb when expanded trilobed, margins particularly of the
epichil ciliolate, hypochil about 2.4 mm. broad, orbicular, con-
cave, medianly thickened and sulcate, bicallose at the base, a
keel extending across the concavity on the lower surface. Col-
umn very small, furnished with a pair of short triangular acumi-
nate arms and a gently unciform foot which is provided with an
erect or upcurved slender tubercle near the base.

Clemens 168 shows an obtusely pointed leaf measuring about
15 cm. long and a scape about 26 cm. long. In Clemens 327 there
is a subacute leaf about 15.5 em. long, and in Clemens 354 the
leaves average smaller than the type, especially in width (about
2 cm. broad). It is a noticeable fact that the flowers of all the
collections usually have strongly connivent segments and are
thus apparently immature.

In habit this species suggests Bulbophyllum dasypetalum Rolfe

[ 197 ]

ORCHIDACEA

ex Ames and B. Vanoverberghi Ames, but it possesses laxer
racemes and longer caudate sepals. This plant is distinct from
B. adenopetalum Lindl. in its robust habit, smaller petals and far
different lip. It differs from B. Korthalsii Schltr. in having mi-
nute pseudobulbs, broader leaves and markedly smaller sepals.
It is differentiated from B. flavescens Lindl. by broader leaves,
different petals and lip.

Krav, Clemens 165, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower yellow
to yellowish-green; Clemens 327, November 1915. Flower yellow; Clemens
354, November 1915. Flower cream color at base, white tips. GuruLau
Spur, Clemens 316 (Type), November 1915. Flower cream color (?).

28. Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) venustum 4. & S. sp.
nov. Herba crassa, venusta. Rhizoma longe repens, teres, tarde
nudum. Pseudobulbi minutissimi, crasso-cylindracei, mono-
phylli, flavi. Folium oblongum vel ellipticum, apice rotunda-
tum, in petiolum sulcatum contractum, crasse coriaceum. Sca-
pus pseudobulbo approximatus, folium multo superans, vaginis
nonnullis tubularibus instructus. Racemus laxiflorus, in visu se-
cundus. Bracteae inflorescentiae anguste lanceolatae, longe acu-
minatae, ovarium pedicellatum excedentes. Sepala lateralia tri-
angulari-lanceolata, leviter falcata, suleata, complicato-mucro-
nata, conspicue carinata, mentum saccatum formantia. Sepalum
dorsale oblanceolato-oblongum, complicato-acutum, valde angu-
lato-suleatum, apice carinatum. Petala multo minora, oblanceo-
lato-linearia, acuta vel obtusa. Labellum carnosum, in positu
naturali sub medio leviter decurvum, lateribus inferioribus
erectis, parte anteriore elliptico-ovata convexa; lamina expansa
ovato-oblonga, acuta vel obtusa. Gynostemium minutum, bra-
chiis binis triangularibus acuminatis et pede crasso arcuato tuber-
culato praeditum.

Plant stout, graceful. Rhizome long creeping, woody, terete,

[ 198 ]

ORCHIDACEA

flexuous, about 2-3 mm. thick, naked at flowering time but
showing traces of scarious sheaths, more or less sulcate and
smooth in the dried specimen. Roots fibrous, flexuous, more or
less fascicled, numerous under the pseudobulb, subrigid, more
or less longitudinally sulcate, about .7 mm. thick. Pseudobulbs
minute, about 1-2 mm. high, 3-5 mm. wide at the base, thick-
cylindric, monophyllous, yellow, 4.5 to over 9 cm. distant. Leaf
about 8 cm. long, 2 cm. wide (rarely 10.7 cm. long, 1.7 cm.
wide; the immature blades very small), oblong to elliptic, broadly
rounded above, rather abruptly cuneate-narrowed to the petiole,
thick and coriaceous but pellucid in the dried specimen, appar-
ently fleshy in the living plant, the margins revolute, many-
nerved with the mid-nerve more or less sulcate above and cari-
nate beneath. Petiole stout, sulcate, variable in length, 1.6-3 cm.
long. Scape approximate to the pseudobulb, much exceeding the
leaves, about 19 cm. long (up to 23 cm. long), suberect to gently
flexuous or arcuate, provided with several tubular membrana-
ceous sheaths. Raceme loose, apparently secund, about twenty-
flowered. Bracts of the inflorescence up to 7.5 mm. long, nar-
rowly lanceolate, long acuminate, concave, one-nerved, surpass-
ing the pedicellate ovary, ascending-spreading. Flowers nodding
in development, segments slightly spreading, perianth pellucid
in the dried plant. Lateral sepals about 7-8 mm. long, 3 mm.
wide, triangular-lanceolate, gently falcate, sulcate, strongly com-
plicate-mucronate, conspicuously carinate especially at the apex,
forming a saccate mentum, one- or indistinctly three-nerved.
Dorsal sepal about 6-7 mm. long, 2.3-2.7 mm. wide above the
middle, oblanceolate-oblong, complicate-acute, dorsally carinate
at the apex, strongly angulate-sulcate, one- or indistinctly three-
nerved. Petals much smaller, about 3.3 mm. long, 1 mm. broad
above the middle, oblanceolate-linear, very slightly falcate, acute
[ 199 ]

ORCHIDACEA

or obtuse, one-nerved, minutely ciliolate and papillose above.
Lip minutely clawed, rather fleshy in texture, in natural position
gently decurved below the middle with the lower sides erect
and subconduplicate, the anterior portion elliptic-ovate, acute
or obtuse with lateral margins somewhat decurved ; limb when
expanded ovate-oblong, appearing subtrilobed, about 4.5 mm.
long (rarely 5.2 mm. long), 2.4 mm. wide below, a pair of small
approximate fleshy calli at the base extending longitudinally
down the lip as fleshy indistinct ridges, three-nerved. Column
minute, provided with a pair of short triangular acuminate arms.
Foot stout, arcuate, with a prominent porrect tubercle that ter-
minates a fleshy ridge extending from the base.

This species is very near to Bulbophyllum cortaceum Ridl., but
it differs in its remote pseudobulbs, markedly longer and some-
what wider leaves, much taller scapes bearing more flowers and
unthickened margins of the lip. From B. kinabaluense Rolfe it
is distinct in the much larger leaves and flowers.

Paxxa, Clemens 113, November 1915. Flower yellow.

29. Bulbophyllum (§ Sestochilus) vinaceum 4. & S. sp.
nov. Herba subcrassa. Rhizoma repens, valde flexuosum, teres.
Pseudobulbi remoti, angustissime cylindracei, monophylli. Fo-
lium oblongum, obtusum vel acutum, ad petiolum sulcatum
cuneato-angustatum, coriaceum. Scapus uniflorus. Flos in sicco
pellucidus, purpureotinctus. Sepala lateralia lanceolato-falcata
et decurva, obliqua, acuta, basi saccata. Sepalum dorsale lanceo-
lato-ovatum, acutum, concavum. Petala oblongo-lanceolata,
apice complicato-acuta. Labellum in pede circinnato nudo gyno-
stemii elevatum, cordatum, subtus callo lato carnoso valde de-
curvum. Gynostemium breve, crassissimum, inerme, ala carnosa
instructum.

Plant rather stout. Rhizome creeping, terete, strongly flex-
[ 200 ]

ORCHIDACE

uous, about 3 mm. thick, closely invested by the fibrous rem-
nants of scarious tubular sheaths. Roots fibrous, rather sparse but
fascicled beneath the pseudobulbs, very long, simple or sparingly
branched above, more or less longitudinally sulcate, densely and
finely pubescent, about .8 mm. thick. Pseudobulbs apparently
remote, about 3 cm. long, very narrowly cylindric, somewhat
oblique, rugose-striate in the dried specimen, monophyllous,
surrounded by the fibres of sheaths, approximate to an old much
more slender pseudobulb about 2 cm. long. Leaf about 14.4 em.
long, 2.6 cm. wide, oblong, acute or obtuse (tip broken off),
cuneate-narrowed toa sulcate petiole about 2.5 cm. long, coria-
ceous, the mid-nerve somewhat sulcate above and prominently
carinate beneath. Scape one-flowered (detached). Flower about
3.3 cm. across when expanded, purple tinged. Lateral sepals
about 1.8 cm. long, 1.05 em. wide near the base, lance-falcate
and decurved, oblique, acute, dorsally carinate at the apex, sac-
cate at the base, about nine-nerved. Dorsal sepal about 2.25 cm.
long, 1.15 cm. broad, lance-ovate, acute and dorsally somewhat
thickened at the apex, concave, about nine-nerved. Petals about
1.65 cm. long, 6 mm. wide at the base where broadest, oblong-
lanceolate, complicate-acute and dorsally carinate at the apex,
very slightly falcate, five- to seven-nerved. Lip raised on the free
portion of the foot, in natural position semicircular-decurved by
a broad longitudinal fleshy papillose medianly channeled ridge
extending on the under surface from base to apex, cordate, sub-
acute or obtuse, about 6 mm. long from the center of the base to
the apex or 7 mm. long including the semi-orbicular basal auri-
cles, 6 mm. broad below, lower margins ciliolate. Column about
3.5 mm. long, very stout with a broad fleshy wing merging with
the foot. Foot broad, clavate, terminating in a free circinnate
stipe. Anther hemispherical, two-celled, granular-roughened.
[ 201 ]

ORCHIDACE

This plant has several more or less close allies. It is unlike
Bulbophyllum maculosum Ames in color of flower, unarmed col-
umn and dissimilar lip. B. vinaceum is separable from B. daga-
mense Ames by its smaller thicker leaf, much broader dorsal
sepal and different lip, and from B. cornutum var. ecornutum
J. J. Sm. by its much larger flower which is of another color.
Narrower leaves and very unlike lip distinguish it from B.patens
King.

Maret Paret Spur, Clemens 240, November 1915. Flower purple.

30. Bulbophyllum (§ Monanthaparva) vinculibulbum 4.& S.
sp. nov. Herba nana. Rhizoma longe repens, moniliforme, pseudo-
bulbis horizontalibus obtectum. Pseudobulbi approximati, cylin-
dracei, monophylli. Folium ellipticum vel elliptico-oblongum,
apice rotundato bilobulum, ad basim cuneato-angustatum, cori-
aceum. Scapi singuli, filiformes, uniflori, bractea infundibuliformi
terminantes. Pedicellus pergracilis, arcuatus. Flos pro planta
grandis, in sicco membranaceus. Sepala lateralia oblongo-lance-
olata, acuta. Sepalum dorsale simile sed minus. Petala minuta,
spathulato-oblonga, apice late rotundata. Labellum perparvum,
decurvum, lateribus inferioribus erecto-conduplicatis, parte an-
teriore ovata late rotundato-truncata. Columna brevis brachiis
binis subulatis. Pes basi inflatus, abrupte in partem liberam an-
gustatus.

Plant dwarf. Rhizome long creeping, somewhat branched,
appearing moniliform from the approximate horizontal pseudo-
bulbs. Roots +.5 mm. thick, fibrous, flexuous, rather numerous.
Pseudobulbs 7.5-9.5 mm. long, horizontally cylindric or elon-
gate-ovoid, connected by a minute portion of the rhizome, mono-
phyllous, striate-rugose, surrounded at the base by the fibres of
sheaths. Leaf up to 1.385 cm. long and 5.5 mm. broad, elliptic or

elliptic-oblong, rising from the upper end of the pseudobulbs,
[ 202 ]

ORCHIDACEAE

bilobulate at the rounded apex, cuneate-narrowed at the base,
indistinctly petioled, coriaceous, translucent in the dried speci-
men, the mid-nerve carinate beneath. Scapes, up to the bract,
about 3.5—4.5 cm. high, filiform, apparently one-flowered (flowers
detached), rising singly from the base of the pseudobulbs, the de-
cumbent base invested by a scarious sheath or fibres of sheaths,
bearing a minute infundibuliform bract at the summit. Pedicel-
late ovary very slender, arcuate, up to 2.1 cm. long. Flower large
for the plant, membranaceous in the dried specimen. Lateral
sepals +1.3 cm. long and 4.3 mm. wide below the middle, ob-
long-lanceolate, acute, minutely cellular on the margins, four-
nerved. Dorsal sepal similar but smaller, +1 cm. long and 3 mm.
wide, acute, three- to five-nerved. Petals minute, about 2.2 mm.
long and 1 mm. wide above the middle, spatulate-oblong, broadly
rounded at the apex, one-nerved. Lip very small, fleshy, elevated
on the naked end of the column foot, in natural position strongly
decurved just below the middle and about 3.5 mm. long, the
sides of the basal portion erect and conduplicate, the anterior
portion ovate with a broad more or less truncate apex; limb
when extended oblong-obovate, about 3.5 mm. long and 2.3 mm.
broad above the middle, truncate at the base, five-nerved. Col-
umn short, stout, furnished with a pair of prominent parallel sub-
ulate arms and provided with a foot which is stout and inflated
at the base tapering abruptly to a short slender free stipe. Pol-
linia two, obliquely complanate-ovoid.

In general habit this little plant simulates Bulbophyllum cor-
tecicola Schltr. but it has longer pseudobulbs, scapes more than
twice as long and larger sepals. In respect to flower structure
only, this species resembles B. montense Ridl.

The peculiar rope-like rhizome, the large sepals and the mi-
nute petals and lip are diagnostic characters.

[ 203 ]

ORCHIDACEA

Paxxa Cave to Losone, Topping 372 (Bur. Sct. 1722), November 1915.
Epiphyte. Flower reddish-orange with darker stripes on back of perianth.

37. THELASIS Bi.
Six species of this genus are recorded from Borneo but none
previously from Mount Kinabalu.

1. Thelasis carnosa 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba crassa. Rhizoma
repens. Radices fasciculatae. Pseudobulbi angustissime cylindra-
cei, vagina obtecti, monophylli. Folium in sicco anguste lineare,
canaliculatum, plus minusve falcatum, viride probabiliter subcyl-
indraceum. Scapus folium multo excedens, suberectus, vaginis
nonnullis tubularibus praeditus. Racemus densissimus. Bracteae
inflorescentiae latissime triangulares, subito acutae, patentes.
Flores minuti; perianthium tubulari-connivens. Sepala lateralia
oblonga, obtusa, carinata, carnosissima. Sepalum dorsale mem-
branaceum, oblongum, obtusum, apice multo incrassatum. Petala
spathulata, apice late rotundata, membranacea. Labellum carno-
sum in parte superiore praesertim, anguste deltoideum margini-
bus lateralibus involutis, apice rotundato. Gynostemium minu-
tum, processu rostelli lanceolato bidentato instructum. Anthera
anguste triangulari-lanceolata.

Plant stout. Rhizome creeping, slender, deeply sulcate, about
4—5 mm. wide in the dried specimen, entirely concealed by sca-
rious imbricating sheaths. Roots numerous in fascicles, fibrous,
deeply sulcate and angled in section, about .8 mm. thick. Pseu-
dobulbs 1.5—2 em. distant, about 1.4—2 cm. high, narrowly cylin-
dric and stem-like, closely sulcate-striate in the dried specimen,
monophyllous, concealed by a tubular foliaceous sheath. Leaf
16—21.1 cm. long, very narrowly linear, more or less falcate, cori-
aceous, abruptly acute, with a deep groove extending from the
base to the apex, apparently fleshy and subcylindric in the living

[ 204 ]

ORCHIDACEA

specimen. Scape conspicuously surpassing the leaf, about 30 cm.
high, 2-2.5 mm. thick below, suberect from a decumbent base,
provided with several tubular sheaths which are approximate or
imbricating below and very remote above. Raceme very dense,
about 1.9—4.2 cm. long, 1 em. wide when floriferous. Bracts of the
inflorescence about 2.6 mm. long, 3.4 mm. wide, very broadly tri-
angular, narrowed to an abruptly acute apex, concave with finely
uneven margins, deflexed in development. Flowers minute, peri-
anth tubular-connivent, segments connate below. Lateral sepals
about 3-3.5 mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide, oblong, obtuse, concave,
very thick and fleshy, carinate especially at the apex, triquetrous
in transverse section, one-nerved. Dorsal sepal membranaceous,
about 2.6 mm. long, 1.15 mm. broad, oblong, obtuse, fleshy-
thickened and concave-conic at the apex, one-nerved. Petals
about 2.2 mm. long, .8 mm. broad above, spatulate, broadly
rounded at the apex, slightly thickened above, one-nerved. Lip
about 2.7 mm. long, 1.4 mm. wide near the base, very fleshy par-
ticularly above, oblong-deltoid, rounded at the apex, with the lat-
eral margins involute forming a tube, when spread out as far as
possible without rupture deltoid, three-nerved. Column minute,
provided with an erect, lanceolate, sharply bidentate rostellar
process. Anther about 1.5 mm. long, narrowly triangular-lanceo-
late, long acuminate, with eight small pollinia.

This species is closely allied to Thelasis Cebolleta J. J.Sm., but
it is consistently larger throughout.

Kiav, Clemens 88, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flowers cream
color.

2. Thelasis variabilis 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba gracilis. Pseu-
dobulbi biarticulati, vagina folio terminanti arcte obtecti, mono-
phylli. Folium elliptico-oblongum, acutum, ad basim condupli-
catam angustatum, chartaceum. Scapi folium multo excedentes,

[ 205 ]

ORCHIDACE

duo pseudobulbo approximati, leviter flexuosi, vaginis nonnullis
tubularibus inconspicuis instructi. Bracteae inflorescentiae late
triangulares, subito caudatae, late patentes. Flores minuti; peri-
anthium connivens. Sepala lateralia triangulari-ovata, acuta,
valde concava. Sepalum dorsale persimile sed paulo majus. Pet-
ala elliptico-oblanceolata, obtusa vel subacuta. Labellum in po-
situ naturali deltoideum marginibus involutis, expansum ova-
tum, apice late rotundatum. Gynostemium minutum, processu
rostelli bifido instructum.

Plant slender, graceful. Roots numerous, fibrous, flexuous,
inner portion conspicuously sulcate, +.7 mm. thick. Pseudobulb
two-jointed, closely invested by a sheath that is articulated
above and apparently terminates in a leaf-blade; lower portion
about 1.4-2.2 em. high, ovoid to pyriform-cylindric, finely ru-
gose in the dried specimen; upper portion about 1.3—2 cm. high,
narrowly cylindric, finely striate, monophyllous. Leaf 10.7—20 cm.
long, 2.1-3.1 cm. broad, elliptic-oblong, acute at the apex, nar-
rowed to a conduplicate base, chartaceous, many-nerved, the mid-
nerve somewhat carinate beneath. Scapes about 21-36.5 cm.
high, two approximate to each pseudobulb, much surpassing the
leaf, spreading, gently flexuous or arcuate, provided with several
inconspicuous tubular sheaths that are sometimes imbricating
below, remote above. Raceme up to 14.5 cm. long, about 1.5 em.
wide, densely many-flowered above, looser below. Bracts of the
inflorescence rigidly spreading, about 4 mm. long, 8 mm. wide
below, broadly triangular, with an abrupt caudate point, lower
margins erose, one-nerved. Flowers very small, about 3.2 mm.
long, perianth connivent. Ovary elliptic, about 5 mm. long. Lat-
eral sepals about 3 mm. long, 1.8 mm. broad, triangular-ovate,
acute and minutely complicate at the apex, strongly concave,
one-nerved. Dorsal sepal very similar, about 3.2 mm. long, 2 mm.

[ 206 ]

ORCHIDACEA

broad, strongly concave, three-nerved. Petals about 3 mm. long,
1.25 mm. broad, elliptic-oblanceolate, obtuse or subacute, one-
nerved. Lip with a very short broad claw, in natural position
deltoid with involute lateral margins, when spread out ovate,
broadly rounded at the apex, about 2 mm. long, 1.7 mm. broad
near the slightly thicker base, three-nerved. Column minute with
a sharply bifid rostellar process.

Another collection, Clemens 109, shows one plant with a short
portion of a slender, sheath-concealed rhizome between subap-
proximate pseudobulbs as well as an enveloping sheath produced
into a blade. There is also a diminutive plant with leaf about 4.7
cm. long and scape about 11 cm. tall. In this collection the ovaries
are not so well developed and the flowers are slightly larger, but
apparently the plants are less mature than the type.

This species is more or less allied to Thelasis obtusa Bl., but it
is easily separable because of the differently proportioned leaves,
longer scapes and larger flowers. It differs from 7. bifolia Hook. f.
in having a three-nerved lip and bifid rostellum.

Krav, Clemens 84 (Type), November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. ‘ Green
buds” — ovaries. Losonc Cave, Clemens 109, November 1915. 5000 feet
altitude. Flower yellow and green.

38. PHREATIA Lindl.
Four species of this genus were hitherto recorded from Borneo,
of which two were reported from Mount Kinabalu.

1. Phreatia Amesii AK7rdnz/. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 50.
IT. B. 23 (1911) 16. Phreatia Myosurus Ames Orch. 2 (1908) 203
excl. synon. fide Kriinzl.

This plant is a little stouter and the claw of the lip very
slightly more oblong than the Philippine specimens.

Kinasawu, Haslam, July-August 1916.

[ 207 ]

ORCHIDACE

2. Phreatia densiflora Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. (1830) 64.
Krnazarv, Gibbs 4123, February 1910. 6000 feet altitude, in high for-
est. Flowers white. Lopone, above Lobong, Gzbbs 4122, February 1910.
5000 feet altitude.
3. Phreatia minutiflora Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 3 (1859)
62.
Krnasau, Haslam, July-August 1916.

4. Phreatia monticola Rolfe in Gibbs in Journ. Linn. Soc.
42 (1914) 152.
Krav, Gibbs 3959, February 1910. 3000 feet altitude. Epiphyte, grow-

ing in large bunches in secondary forest. Flowers white.

39. EULOPHIA BR. Br.
Four members of this genus have been previously reported from
Borneo, of which one was recorded from Mount Kinabalu.

1. Eulophia ovalifolia 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba gracilis. Rhi-
zoma repens, moniliforme. Radices paucae, rigidae, crassae, lanu-
ginosae. Folium late ellipticum,acuminatum,ad petiolum sensim
angustatum, in sicco membranaceum. Petiolus conspicuus. Sca-
pus folium multo excedens, suberectus, vaginis nonnullis tubu-
laribus praeditus. Racemus gracilis, arcuatus. Bracteae inflores-
centiae lineari-attenuatae, scariosae, flores excedentes. Flores per-
parvi. Perianthium tubulare, in sicco membranaceum. Sepala
petalaque similia. Sepala lateralia lineari-falcata, acuminata. Se-
palum dorsale lineare, acutum. Petala anguste falcato-lanceolata,
acuminata. Labellum in positu naturali tubulari-involutum, ex-
pansum in circuitu ovatum trilobatum; lobi laterales perparvi,
oblongo-ovati, acuti, carinis binis brevibus inter lobos; lobus me-
dius oblongo-obovatus, obtusus, erosus, basi callo trilineato prae-
ditus; calcar scrotiforme. Gynostemium majus conspicuum, pede
apice dilatato instructum. Pollinia duo, ovoidea, complanata.

[ 208 ]

ORCHIDACE

Plant slender for the genus, about 28 cm. tall. Rhizome creep-
ing, woody, composed of a moniliform series of approximate corms
or pseudobulbous thickenings, closely invested by the long fibres
of sheaths. Roots rather few, stout, rigid, fibrous, flexuous, un-
branched, densely lanuginose, longitudinally sulcate, about 2 mm.
thick. Leaves about 17 cm. long, 6.5 cm. wide, broadly elliptic,
acuminate, gradually narrowed to the petiole, erect, membra-
naceous in the dried specimen, many-nerved with seven nerves
prominent beneath. Petiole +4 cm. long, surrounded and sur-
passed by the long fibres of sheaths. Scape much exceeding the
leaf, about 33 cm. high, sub-erect from a decumbent base, pro-
vided with several tubular scarious sheaths which are short loose
and imbricating below, longer closer and very remote above,
striate in the dried plant, upper portion provided with about two
linear scarious bracts. Raceme about 5.8 cm. long, slender, arcu-
ate or nodding, rather compact. Lower bracts of the inflorescence
about 1.75 cm. long, 2.2 mm. wide, linear-attenuate, scarious,
ascending, much exceeding the flowers. Flowers very small for
the genus, perianth tubular, pellucid in the dried specimen. Sepals
and petals similar, the paired members somewhat varying. Lat-
eral sepals about 7 mm. long, 1.4 mm. wide at the base, some-
times broader across the middle, linear-falcate and decurved, long
acuminate, with one nerve prominent. Dorsal sepal about 7 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide across the middle, linear, more or less gently
falcate, acute, one-nerved. Petals about 7 mm. long, 1.75 mm.
broad in the middle, narrowly falcate-lanceolate, acuminate, one-
or indistinctly three-nerved. Lip forming with the lateral sepals
a sac or short spur, lamina in natural position tubular-involute,
when expanded three-lobed, ovate in outline, about 5.5 mm. long,
4.5 mm. broad across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes spreading,
small, oblong-ovate, acute, oblique, at the base of each a membra-

[ 209 ]

ORCHIDACEA

naceous semi-orbicular erect keel separated by a deep channel;
middle lobe about 4.35 mm. long, 3.15 mm. wide above the mid-
dle, oblong-obovate, obtuse at the apex, erose, provided in the
center of the lower half with a three-ribbed fleshy longitudinal
callus, a broad central thickening extending toward the apex ;
spur or sac about 1.5-2 mm. long, scrotiform. Column about 3.5
mm. long, 1.15 mm. broad above, flat or slightly concave on the
anterior face, convex on the posterior surface, stigmatic orifice
large and conspicuous, a broad dilated foot adnate to the lateral
sepals. Pollinia two, ovoid, flattened on one surface.

In habit this plant recalls Hulophia macrostachya Lindl., but
the flower is far different. Unlike Z. ewplanata Lindl.,this species
has apparently a fully expanded leaf at flowering time, relatively
long column and far different lip.

The oval leaf and small flowers well characterize this species.

Kiavu, Clemens 93, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower greenish
with cream colored column.

2. Eulophia squalida Lindl. in Bot. Reg. (1841) Mise. 77.
Cyrtopera squalida Reichb. f. in Bonpl. 5 (1857) 38.

KamporancaH, Gibbs, February 1910. Kryazatu, Clemens, November—
December 1915; Haslam, July-August 1916. Bunpu Tunan, Gibbs 4319,
February 1910. 2500 feet altitude. Terrestrial in secondary jungle. Kiauv,
Clemens 149, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flowers purple with-
out; Clemens 345, November 1915. Flowers purple and yellow; Clemens
3871, December 1915. Flowers purplish.

40. GRAMMATOPHYLLUM Bi.
Although two species of this genus were previously found in
Borneo, none was reported from Mount Kinabalu.

1. Grammatophyllum kinabaluense 4. & S. sp.nov. Herba
robusta. Pseudobulbi in visu magni et latissime ovoidei. Folia
vaginis brevibus late triangularibus articulata, lineari-ligulata, ad

apicem acutum sensim angustata, coriacea. Pedunculus crassus.
[ 210 ]

ORCHIDACE

Racemus laxiflorus. Bracteae inflorescentiae patentes, oblongo-
ovatae, valde concavae, obtusae. Pedicelli perlongi, distantes.
Flores magni, spectabiles; perianthium patens. Sepala oblongo-
ovalia, apice late rotundata. Petala late ovalia vel suborbiculari-
ovalia. Labellum multo minus, flabellato-subquadratum, tri-
lobatum, in medio fasciculo carinarum trium parvarum; lobi
laterales triangulares, obtusi; lobus medius ovato-lingulatus vel
ovato-triangularis, apice late rotundatus. Gynostemium crassum,
arcuatum.

Plant very large and stout. Pseudobulbs apparently large and
very broadly ovoid. Leaves +52 cm. long, 2.2 cm. broad near the
base, articulated with short, broadly triangular sheaths which rise
from the pseudobulb, linear-ligulate gradually narrowed to an
acute minutely complicate apex, complicate or conduplicate
below, coriaceous, many-nerved with the mid-nerve more or less
sulcate above and very conspicuous beneath and with about nine
nerves more or less prominent on the under side. Peduncle very
stout, apparently +1 cm. thick. Raceme very loosely flowered.
Bracts of the inflorescence spreading, about 2.3 cm. long, 1.1 cm.
wide, oblong-ovate, strongly concave, obtuse. Pedicels of mature
flowers 7-10 cm. long, 2.3-13.2 cm. distant, ascending or becom-
ing slightly decurved. Flowers large and showy, perianth spread-
ing in development, about 6.5-7 cm. across, maculate. Sepals and
petals similar. Lateral sepals 3.1-3.5 cm. long, 1.65—2 cm. wide,
oblong-oval, broadly rounded above, with undulate margins.
Dorsal sepal about 3.4 cm. long, 2 cm. wide. Petals about 3.35
em. long, 2.3 cm. wide, broader than the sepals, broadly oval to
suborbicular-oval. Lip much smaller, adnate to the column by a
very small fleshy conduplicate claw, three-lobed with the lateral
lobes erect and embracing the column, when spread out flabel-
late-subquadrate, broadly cordate-truncate at the base, about

[ 211 ]

ORCHIDACE

1.8 cm. long, 2.6 cm. broad between the apices of the lateral
lobes, with a group of three fleshy closely approximate united
semi-orbicular erect keels in the center of the lamina; lateral
lobes about 9 mm. long, 7.5 mm. wide at the base of the free
portion, triangular, obtuse; middle lobe appearing deltoid in
natural position with lateral margins decurved, when spread out
about 7 mm. long, 8 mm. broad at the base, ovate-lingulate to
ovate-triangular, broadly rounded. Column about 1.5 cm. long,
very stout, strongly arcuate, subclavate, concave on the anterior
face, strongly convex on the posterior surface, inconspicuously
three-toothed above.

This species differs from the nearly allied Grammatophyllum
papuanum J. J. Sm. in the narrower leaves, uniformly smaller
sepals and petals, and in the shape of the lateral lobes of the lip.

Krav, Clemens 55, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Epiphyte.
Flowers yellow and maroon spotted.

41. CYMBIDIUM Sw.
Four members of this genus have been hitherto recorded from
Borneo, none of which were reported from Mount Kinabalu.

1. Cymbidium angustifolium 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba pro
genere parva. Rhizoma crassum, lignosum. Pseudobulbi anguste
cylindracei, vaginis foliorum arcte obtecti. Folia in pseudobulbo
quoque circiter sex, vaginis gracilibus canaliculatis articulata,
angustissime lineari-lorata, crasse coriacea. Scapus pseudobulbo
approximatus, valde arcuatus. Pedunculus ad racemum vaginis
lanceolatis conduplicatis imbricantibus vestitus. Racemus laxi-
florus. Bracteae inflorescentiae inconspicuae, anguste triangu-
lares, acuminatae. Flores majores, patentes. Sepala lateralia ob-
longo-linearia, acuta, apice late carinata et mucronata. Sepalum
dorsale persimile, complicato-mucronatum. Petala sepalis similia

[ 212 ]

ORCHIDACE

sed breviora. Labellum trilobatum, expansum ellipticum, cari-
nis duabus approximatis e basi usque ad medium decurrentibus;
lobi laterales erecti, porrecti, triangulari-oblongi, obtusi; lobus
medius in positu naturali reflexus, expansus triangulari-ovatus,
mucronatus. Gynostemium gracile, alis utrinque praeditum.
Anthera pileata. Pollinia duo, triangulari-ovoidea.

Plant slender, for the genus. Rhizome stout, woody. Roots
very stout, rigid, fibrous, subnumerous, longitudinally sulcate,
somewhat branched, about 3-4 mm. thick. Pseudobulb up to
about 5.5 cm. long, slender cylindric, provided with five to seven
leaves, closely invested by the leaf sheaths and fibres of sheaths.
Sheaths +13 cm. long, slender, rigid, channeled, striate-sulcate,
articulated with the blade by an uneven erosely angulate joint.
Leaves up to more than 53 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, very narrowly
linear-lorate, thick and coriaceous, mid-nerve prominently sul-
cate above and carinate beneath, lateral nerves more or less con-
picuous beneath. Scape approximate to the pseudobulb, strongly
arcuate, up to about 35.3 cm. long, 3 mm. thick below, peduncle
up to the raceme clothed with several lanceolate, conduplicate,
imbricating, scarious sheaths. Raceme loose,as many as eighteen-
flowered. Bracts of the inflorescence about 6 mm. long, incon-
spicuous, tubular-involute, when spread out narrowly triangular,
long acuminate, apparently scarious, three-nerved. Flowers
rather large, perianth spreading. Lateral sepals about 2.45 cm.
long, 5-5.5 mm. wide across the middle, oblong-linear, acute,
broadly carinate and mucronate at the apex, about seven-nerved.
Dorsal sepal very similar, about 2.5 cm. long, 5.5-6 mm. broad in
the middle, complicate-mucronate. Petals oblong, about 2 cm.
long, 5—-5.5 mm. broad across the middle, when expanded obtuse
and mucronate. Lip adnate to the column, in natural position
parallel to the column, three-lobed, with the lateral lobes erect,

[ 213 ]

ORCHIDACE/E

when expanded elliptic in outline, about 1.8 cm. long, 1 em. broad
across the middle, two fleshy pubescent approximate keels ex-
tending from the base to the center of the lip; lateral lobes por-
rect, free part about 4.5 mm. long, 8 mm. wide at the base, tri-
angular-oblong, obtuse; middle lobe in natural position reflexed,
about 8 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, triangular-ovate, narrowed to an
acute mucronate apex. Column about 1.1 cm. long, slender but
provided on each side from the base to the apex with a conspic-
uous wing, very slightly arcuate. Anther pileate, shallowly two-
lobed, two-celled, granular roughened. Pollinia two, triangular -
ovoid. Capsule about 4 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, ellipsoid, with a
beak about 1 cm. long.

A less mature specimen, Clemens 82, has leaves 5-8.5 mm.
broad with acute sharply and unequally bilobed apices. Clemens
39 is a specimen with very mature flowers.

Cymbidium acutum Ridl. is a nearly allied species that varies
in the much shorter leaves, short suberect scape, and differently
marked lip.

Krav, Clemens 39, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower maroon;
Clemens 74 (Type), November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower wine pur-
ple with cream colored stripe on lip; Clemens 82, November 1915. 3000
feet altitude. Flower dark wine color.

2. Cymbidium pubescens Lindi. in Bot. Reg. (1840) Mise.
75.

Kinasatu, Haslam, July-August 1916.

3. Cymbidium sanguinolentum Teizjsm. & Binn. in Nat.
Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. 24 (1862) 318.

These collections show the dorsal sepal and the petals slightly
narrower and the middle lobe of the lip longer than broad.

Kiavu, Clemens 50, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flowers light
yellow with purple stripes; Clemens 51, November 1915. 3000 feet alti-
tude. Flowers maroon and yellow.

[ 214 ]

ORCHIDACEA
42. ACRIOPSIS Reinw. ex Bl.

Four species of this genus have been found previously in Borneo,
but none from Mount Kinabalu.
1. Acriopsis indica Wight Ic. 5 (1852) t. 1748, f. 1.
Kinasatu, Haslam, July-August 1916.

43. THECOSTELE Reichb. f.
Two members of this genus are recorded from Borneo, but none
previously from Mount Kinabalu.

1. Thecostele alata (Lowb.) Par. & Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. 30 (1874) 144, t. 29. Cymbidium alatum Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3
(1832) 459. Thecostele Zollingeri Reichb. f. in Bonpl. 5 (1857) 37.

Kinasau, Clemens, November—December, 1915.

2. Thecostele Maingayi Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6 (1890) 20.

The Bornean collection shows one pseudobulb larger than the
type, one leaf up to 21 cm. long and 3.8 cm. wide and the lip
bearing distinctly lamelliform keels between the lateral lobes.

Kinazatvu, Clemens, October 1915. Terrestrial. Flower white.

44. THRIXSPERMUM Lour.
Sixteen members of this genus had been reported from Borneo,
but none from Mount Kinabalu.

1. Thrixspermum crescentiforme 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba
nana. Caulis gracilis ramis nonnullis, vaginis foliorum omnino
obtectus. Folia numerosa, disticha, patentia, lineari-oblonga,
acuta, ad basim complicatam angustata, coriacea. Pedunculi
patentes vel reflexi, folia subaequales, filiformes, vaginas folio-
rum perforantes. Racemus perbrevis. Bracteae inflorescentiae
densae, deflexae, triangulares, cymbiformes, rigidae. Flos parvus,
in sicco pellucidus. Sepala lateralia obovata, acuta, obliqua. Se-
palum dorsale obovato-oblongum, apice late rotundatum. Petala

[ 215 ]

ORCHIDACE

oblongo-oblanceolata, obliqua, apice late rotundata. Labellum
basi sacco semigloboso instructum, crescentiformi-obtriangu-
lare, trilobatum;; lobi laterales parvi, triangulares, acuti, porrecti;
lobus medius latissime triangularis, acutus. Gynostemium breve,
crassum, pede lato concavo praeditum.

Plant small, polyphyllous. Roots numerous, fibrous, flexuous,
puncturing the leaf sheaths, usually one to each internode, lon-
gitudinally sulcate, +.7 mm. thick. Stem somewhat branching,
about 8.5 cm. long measuring along a branch (but broken off
below), entirely concealed by leaf sheaths which are tubular,
loose, scarious below, coriaceous and rigid-nervose above. Leaves
distichous, spreading, +4 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, linear-oblong,
acute with a dorsal mucro just below the apex, narrowed to a
complicate sessile base, coriaceous, rising at intervals of about
4mm. Peduncles spreading or reflexed, 3.3-4.2 cm. long includ-
ing the raceme, filiform, puncturing the leaf sheaths approximate
to and just above a root, provided at the base with one or two
minute tubular imbricating sheaths, with a similar sheath below
the middle, and occasionally an isolated spreading rigid triangu-
lar bract near the raceme. Raceme very short, up to 5 mm. long.
Bracts of the inflorescence dense, decurved-spreading, about
2 mm. long, triangular, cymbiform, very thick, rigid. Pedicellate
ovary relatively long and slender, about 4 mm. long. Flower
small, pellucid in the dried specimen. Lateral sepals about 6.1
mm. long, 3.5 mm. broad above the middle, obovate, more or
less complicate-acute, very oblique, indistinctly five-nerved, ad-
nate to the foot of the column. Dorsal sepal about 6.1 mm. long,
2.6mm. broad abovethe middle, obovate-oblong, broadly rounded
above, indistinctly three- to five-nerved. Petals about 5.8 mm.
long, 1.6 mm. wide above the middle, oblong-oblanceolate,
oblique, broadly rounded at the apex, three-nerved. Lip provided

[ 216 ]

ORCHIDACEA

below with a hemispherical sac, when expanded about 4 mm.
long and 7 mm. broad, crescentic-obtriangular, three-lobed, with
a small quadrate reflexed lamina near the center, entire anterior
margin fringed with long clavate cilia; lateral lobes small, about
.8 mm. long, 1 mm. broad at the base of the free part, triangular,
acute, more or less faleately incurved; middle lobe very broadly
triangular, acute, about 1 mm. long, 5.5 mm. wide to the base
of the side lobes. Column short, stout, about 1.5 mm. long, pro-
vided with a broad concave foot.

This species resembles in habit Thrixspermum maculatum
Schltr. and 7°. T7ichoglottis (Hook. f.) O. K. The lip of this plant
is very like that of 7. agusanense Ames, from which it differs in
the very short peduncles and smaller flowers. J. crescentiforme
recalls a slender form of 7. Wenzel Ames, but the flower and
lip are very dissimilar. 7°. anceps Reichb. f. differs from this spe-
cies chiefly in the much larger vegetative parts. The name is in
allusion to the general form of the lip.

Maret Paret Spur, Clemens 238, November 1915. Flower white tinged
with pink.

2. Thrixspermum triangulare 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba ro-
busta. Caulis crassus, lignosus, vaginis foliorum omnino obtec-
tus. Radices crassae, fibrosae, rigidae, vaginas perforantes. Folia
disticha, patentia, lineari-lanceolata vel linearia, apice obtuso
saepissime oblique bilobata, ad basim complicatam paulo angus-
tata, coriacea. Pedunculi folia multo excedentes, patenti-adscen-
dentes. Rachis complanata. Bracteae inflorescentiae distichae,
equitantes, ovato-triangulares, cymbiformes. Flos mediocris, in
sicco pellucidus. Sepala lateralia ovato-oblonga, apice late rotun-
data, sub apice dorso cornuta. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-ellipti-
cum, simile. Petala elliptico-oblonga, apice rotundata. Labellum
basi gynostemii adnatum, in circuitu orbiculare, distincte tri-

[ 217 ]

ORCHIDACE#

lobatum, parte media longitudinali incrassata, medio in disco
callus triangularis valde carnosus stat; lobi laterales subquadrati,
membranacei, marginibus anterioribus et lateralibus angulum
acutum facientibus; lobus medius triangularis, marginibus prae-
cipue valdissime carnosus. Gynostemium breve, crassum.
Plant robust, when fresh apparently fleshy. Stems stout,
woody, entirely concealed by leaf sheaths,sheathed stem +6 mm.
thick. Roots puncturing the leaf sheaths, stout, fibrous, flexuous,
rigid, longitudinally suleate, about 2-3 mm. thick, apparently
unbranched. Leaf sheaths more or less coriaceous and striate-ner-
vose. Leaves distichous, spreading, up to 16.5 cm. long, 2.2 cm.
broad below the middle (immature blades sometimes 9 cm. long,
1.5 cm. broad), linear-lanceolate to linear, rounded at the more
or less obliquely bilobed apex, slightly narrowed to a compli-
cate sessile base, rising at intervals of +2 cm., coriaceous, appar-
ently fleshy in the living specimen, many-nerved with the mid-
nerve more or less sulcate above and sharply carinate beneath.
Peduncles puncturing the leaf sheaths, conspicuously exceeding
the leaves, spreading-ascending, about 15.8—29 cm. long including
the raceme, provided with several inconspicuous tubular sheaths
which are imbricating at the base and remote above. Rachis
about 7-16.5 cm. long (sometimes very short), more or less arcu-
ate, laterally flattened, zigzag with short intervals, suleate in the
dried specimen and apparently fleshy in the living plant. Bracts
of the inflorescence about 6-6.5 mm. long, distichous, equitant,
about 5 mm. apart, strongly complanate with a broad dorsal keel,
ovate-triangular, clasping, rounded at the apex, cymbiform, ru-
gose in the dried plant. Flowers medium-sized, when expanded
about 3 cm. broad, pellucid in the dried specimen. Lateral sepals
about 1.5 cm. long, 8.4 mm. broad below the middle, ovate-oblong,
five-nerved, just below the broadly rounded apex provided dor-
[ 218 ]

ORCHIDACEA

sally with a blunt fleshy horn. Dorsal sepal about 1.5 cm. long,
7 mm. broad in the middle, oblong-elliptic, rounded at the apex,
dorsally similarly but less distinctly horned, five-nerved. Petals
about 1.5 cm. long, 6.5 mm. broad across the middle, elliptic-
oblong, rounded at the apex, five-nerved. Lip immovably joined
to the foot of the column, in outline orbicular, about 1.2 cm.
long, 1.25 cm. broad, sharply three-lobed with the lateral lobes
erect, somewhat saccate at the base with the central portion lon-
gitudinally fleshy-thickened on both surfaces, in the center of the
disc there is a fleshy triangular callus which is about 3 mm. long,
3.5 mm. wide at the base and 2 mm. high with the lateral walls
at the base especially high; lateral lobes membranaceous, about
6 mm. long and 4 mm. broad, subquadrate with the anterior and
lateral margins shallowly concave and forming a sharp angle,
dorsal margin gently convex; middle lobe about 5 mm. long,
6 mm. broad at the base, triangular, extremely fleshy-thickened,
especially the margins which are cellular pubescent. Column
short, stout, fleshy, about 3 mm. long, provided with a winged
foot.

A collection of this plant by Haslam shows a stouter form
with thicker roots, leaves up to 17 em. long, peduncle including
the raceme up to 39.5 cm. long with rachis 25.2 cm. long, but
the flower slightly smaller than that of the type which was pre-
served in formalin.

This is a species that has apparently no close relatives, but
in flower structure it appears nearest to Thrixspermum amplear-
caule (Bl.) Reichb. f., which is a more slender delicate plant and
has much smaller clasping leaves and differently proportioned
lip. In the dried specimens of the lip, the fleshy consistency is
absent and the central callus is indicated by a pair of triangular
laminae converging in front.

[ 219 ]

ORCHIDACEZ

Kryasatv, Haslam, July-August, 1916. Kamsorancan, Clemens 201
(Type), November 1915. Flower white and pink.

45. AERIDES Lour.
Three species of this small genus have been definitely found in
Borneo, but none previously on Mount Kinabalu.

1. Aerides odoratum Louwr. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 525.

Kryasatt, Clemens, November—December 1915. Kiavu, Clemens 43,
November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Petals white with purple tips, spur
golden yellow with purple end; Clemens 69, November 1915. 3000 feet
altitude. Flower yellow with pink spur: Clemens 81, November 1915.
3000 feet altitude. “Bud green with purple tips and spots inside;” Clem-
ens 183, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower white and purple,
petals yellow, spur with green tip; Clemens 307, November 1915. Flowers
yellow with brownish spurs.

46. VANDA Jones.
Two endemic members of this genus are recorded as native of
Borneo, of which one is restricted to Mount Kinabalu.

I. Vanda Gibbsiae Rolfe in Gibbs in Journ. Linn. Soe. 42
(1914) 158.

One of the specimens collected by Haslam shows a pair of cap-
sules which are oblong-cylindric, about 9 cm. long, 3 cm. broad.

Kinazaiu, Haslam, July-August 1916. Krav, bridle-path to Koung,
Gibbs 3970, February 1910. 2500 feet altitude. Epiphyte one meter high,
in secondary forest. Flowers yellow spotted with brown. Lozone Gore,
Clemens 311, November—December 1915. “ Petals brown and yellow, pink
teeth.”

47. TRICHOGLOTTIS Bi.
Of the eleven members of this genus recorded from Borneo, only
one was formerly known from Mount Kinabalu.

1. Trichoglottis kinabaluensis Ro/fe in Gibbs in Journ.
Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 157.

The plants of the Clemens collections manifest some slight

1 This is the type of the species.
[ 220 ]

ORCHIDACE%

variations from the type. Clemens 31 shows plants 28—-34cm. high,
with leaves up to 13.3 em. long and 2.1 em. broad ; Clemens 315
presents only the lateral branches of the plant, withshorter leaves
than the type, as well as a rather short spur. Both collections
show slightly longer lateral lobes of the lip.

Gurutau Spur, above Kiau, Gibbs 3993, February 1910. 5500 feet al-
titude, in high forest jungle. Epiphyte, with brown flowers; Clemens 315,
November 1915. Flower brown, petals mottled, column yellow. Krav,
Clemens 31, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower pinkish and yel-
lowish brown.

2. Trichoglottis magnicallosa 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba va-
lida. Radices in visu paucae, crassae, rigidae, lignosae. Caulis
suberectus, vaginis coriaceis foliorum pro parte obtectus. Folia
disticha, late patentia, oblongo-elliptica (raro oblonga), apice
oblique bilobata et mucronata, basi complicata, coriacea. Inflo-
rescentiae numerosae, in visu uni- vel triflorae. Flores magni,
spectabiles. Perianthium late patens, crassius. Sepala oblanceo-
lata, apice latissime rotundata. Petala cuneato-spathulata, apice
latissime rotundata. Labellum multo minus, trilobatum ; lobi
laterales parvi patentes, lineares, apice rotundati, crassi ; lobus
medius linearis, valde pubescens, apice obscure emarginatus, callo
permagno convexo e basi ad ultra medium praeditus ; lamella
ovata pubescens in basi concava stat. Gynostemium breve, cras-
sum.

Plant robust, about 50-69 cm. high. Roots puncturing the
lower leaf sheaths, very stout and rigid, longitudinally sulcate,
woody, about 3 mm. thick. Stem suberect or gently arcuate,
zigzag, about 4.5—5.5 mm. thick, partly concealed by the tubu-
lar, coriaceous, striate-nervose leaf sheaths. Leaves distichous,
horizontally spreading, up to 24 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide, but
averaging about 13.5 cm. long, 3.7 cm. broad, oblong-elliptic
or more rarely oblong, terminating in rounded lobules that are

[ 221 ]

ORCHIDACEA

very oblique and separated by a mucro, complicate at the base,
thickly coriaceous, many-nerved with the mid-nerve more or less
suleate above and prominently carinate beneath, rising at inter-
vals of about 3-4 cm. Inflorescences numerous, apparently one-
to three-flowered, puncturing the lower part of the leaf sheaths.
Flowers (all detached) about 4.5 cm. across, showy, sub-fleshy
with spreading segments. Sepals, and to a less extent the petals,
under surface broadly suleate in the dried specimen. Lateral
sepals about 2.2 cm. long, 1 cm. broad above, oblanceolate, very
broadly rounded at the apex. Dorsal sepal about 2.3 cm. long,
1 cm. wide above, very similar. Petals about 2.2 cm. long, 9 mm.
broad above, 2 mm. wide at the base, cuneate-spatulate, very
broadly rounded above, mid-nerve sometimes conspicuously sul-
cate above and carinate beneath. Lip small, adnate to the base
of the column, about 1.1 cm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, narrowly
linear, three-lobed; lateral lobes spreading, about 4.5 mm. long
on the upper margin, 3.5 mm. long on the lower margin, linear,
slightly broader above, obliquely rounded at the apex, fleshy;
middle lobe linear, thick and fleshy, slightly broader above then
narrowed to an obscurely emarginate apex, with a minute blunt
tooth on each side near the base, densely pubescent, furnished
with a very convex, fleshy, pubescent callus occupying the entire
width of the mid-lobe and terminating abruptly about 4 mm.
from the apex of the lip where the callus is about 2 mm. in
height ; an ovate pubescent lamella stands at the slightly concave
base of the lip. Column about 4.5 mm. long and broad, stout,
short, pubescent.

This species is a near ally of Trichoglottis Uexkiilhana J. J.
Sm., but the Kinabalu plant has much longer sepals and differ-
ent mid-lobe of the lip.

Kinasatu, Haslam, July-August 1916.
[ 222 ]

ORCHIDACE

3. Trichoglottis tenuis 4. & S. sp. nov. Herba pergracilis.
Radices pro planta crassae, rigidae, fibrosae, vaginas infimas per-
forantes. Caulis ad basim ramosus, gracillimus, plus minusve
valde arcuatus, vaginis foliorum coriaceis omnino obtectus. F'o-
lia disticha, late patentia, linearia, oblique et obscure bilobata,
basi complicata, coriacea. Inflorescentiae numerosae, saepissime
biflorae. Flores perparvi, in sicco pellucidi. Sepala lateralia tri-
angularia, acuta, basi antice abrupte dilatata et calcari adnata.
Sepalum dorsale oblongum, apice eroso rotundatum, concavum.
Petala falcato-oblanceolata, apice late rotundata. Labellum con-
spicue calcaratum, trilobatum; lobi laterales erecti, faleato-tri-
angulares, obtusi; lobus medius triangularis, basi in auriculas ro-
tundatas dilatatus, deinde ad apicem acuminatum sensim angus-
tatus; calear conicum, apice rotundatum. Gynostemium breve,
crassum, apice dentatum.

Plant very slender. Roots puncturing the lower leaf sheaths,
stout, rigid, fibrous, flexuous, deeply longitudinally sulcate, about
1.1 mm. thick. Stem about 37 cm. long, very slender, about
1.1 mm. thick, branching below, branches more or less strongly
arcuate, entirely concealed by the striate-nervose, appressed-
tubular, coriaceous leaf sheaths. Leaves about 5—7.4 cm. long,
3—4 mm. wide, distichous, horizontally spreading, narrowly linear,
slightly oblique and falcate in the dried specimen, acuminate to
a very obliquely bilobed apex, slightly narrowed to a sessile com-
plicate base, coriaceous, many-nerved with the mid-nerve more
or less suleate above and carinate beneath, rising at intervals of
+1.3 cm. Inflorescences numerous, usually two-flowered, in fas-
cicles puncturing the lower part of each leaf sheath nearly oppo-
site the leaf. Flowers very small, pellucid in the dried specimen.
Lateral sepals about 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide at the base, tri-
angular in outline, at the base adnate to the spur by an abrupt

[ 223 ]

ORCHIDACEZ

triangular rounded auricle, acute or subacute and apparently
complicate with a dorsal keel at the apex, three-nerved. Dorsal
sepal about 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, oblong, rounded and erose
at the apex, concave, three-nerved. Petals about 2.5 mm. long,
.75 mm. broad above, falcate-oblanceolate, broadly rounded at
the apex, one-nerved. Lip prominently spurred, three-lobed; lat-
eral lobes erect, about .8 mm. long and broad at the base, trian-
gular-falcate and decurved, incurved atthe apex and obtuse when
expanded, joined by a pubescent keel or callus; middle lobe
+2 mm.long, 1.5 mm. wide near the base, triangular, on each side
auriculate-dilated below and long acuminate to a sharp apex;
spur about 2.3 mm. long, conic, rounded at the apex, provided
within at the base with a small thin subquadrate truncate or
shallowly retuse pubescent lamella. Column short, stout, about
2 mm. long, shallowly dentate above.

This species is a very close ally of Tvichoglottis lanceolaria B1.,
but the former has apparently a somewhat smaller and less fleshy
flower with very different lateral lobes of lip and a differently
proportioned middle lobe.

Krav, Clemens 60, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flowers white,
yellow and maroon.

48. SCHOENORCHIS Reinw. ex BI.
Two members of this small genus have been recorded from
Borneo, but previously none from Mount Kinabalu.

1. Schoenorchis micrantha B/. Bijdr. (1825) 362. Saccola-
bium perpusillum Hook. f: Fl. Brit. Ind. 6 (1890) 56.

Krnasav, Clemens, November—December 1915. Krav, Clemens 58, No-
vember 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower pinkish white. Lozone Cave,
Clemens 113, November 1915. 5000 feet altitude. Flower white.

[ 224 ]

ORCHIDACE
49. SACCOLABIUM Bi.

Seventeen representatives of this genus are known from Borneo,
but only one from Mount Kinabalu.

1. Saccolabium kinabaluense Rolfe in Gibbs in Journ.
Linn. Soc. 42 (1914) 158.

Lozone, Gibbs 4111, February 1910. 5000 feet altitude. Epiphyte in
high forest. Flowers yellow with a white lip.

50. MALLEOLA J. J. Sm. & Schltr.

Hitherto no species of this genus have been found in Borneo. It
is a group recently distinguished from Robiquetia Gaudich. by
the smaller flowers, the short hammer-shaped or malleoliform
column and the dilated stipe of the pollinia.

1. Malleola kinabaluensis 4.& S. sp. nov. Herba subcrassa.
Caulis suberectus, vaginis foliorum omnino obtectus. Folia dis-
ticha, late patentia, oblongo-elliptica vel anguste oblonga, obli-
quissime et obtuse bilobata, ad basim complicatam angustata,
coriacea. Pedunculi duo, cum rachide folia multo excedentes,
oppositifolii, suberecti vel arcuato-deflexi. Rachis laxissime mul-
tiflora. Bracteae inflorescentiae perparvae, triangulari-lanceo-
latae, patentes. Flores parvi, in sicco pellucidi. Sepala lateralia
suborbiculari-obovata, acuta, obliquissima. Sepalum dorsale val-
dissime cucullatum vel complanato-pileatum, obtusum. Petala
ovata, late obtusa, obliqua. Labellum longe calcaratum, triloba-
tum; lobi laterales erecti, parvi, oblique triangulares, obtusi;
lobus medius subulatus, parvus, arcuato-decurvus ; calcar a latere
visum angulum obtusum faciens, parte inferiore lateraliter com-
planata, dimidio anteriore dorso compresso et antice profunde
sulcato. Gynostemium breve, crassum, malleoliforme.

Plant stout. Roots numerous on the lower part of the stem,
fibrous, flexuous, many-grooved in the dried specimen, somewhat

[ 225 ]

ORCHIDACEA

branched, very finely pubescent. Stems suberect from a more or
less decumbent root-like base, about 10-17 cm. long (but broken
off below; avery dwarf plant is about 5 cm. high), zigzag, entirely
invested by the laterally flattened, coriaceous, striate-nervose
leaf sheaths. Leaves about five to eleven, distichous, spreading,
8.5-11.1 cm. long, 1.7—2.1 cm. broad (the dwarf plant shows a
leaf 1.1 cm. wide), oblong-elliptic to narrowly oblong, sometimes
slightly oblique, very prominently obliquely and obtusely bilobed
at the apex, cuneate-narrowed to a sessile complicate base, cori-
aceous, many-nerved with the mid-nerve conspicuously carinate
beneath, rising at intervals of +1.1 cm. Peduncles two, punctur-
ing the middle leaf sheaths opposite a leaf-base, with the raceme
included much exceeding the leaves, suberect to arcuate-de-
flexed, up to the rachis 3-6 em. long, at the base and below the
middle provided with a very small, loose, scarious, infundibuli-
form sheath. Rachis about 12—22 em. long, very loosely many-
flowered, sinuously zigzag, striate-sulcate, very minutely papil-
late. Bracts of the inflorescence very small, spreading, about
2.7 mm. long, triangular-lanceolate, deeply concave with invo-
lute margins. Flower about 9 mm. long from the upper margin
of the dorsal sepal to the apex of the spur, perianth spreading,
pellucid in the dried specimen. Lateral sepals about 3 mm. long,
2.75 mm. broad above the middle, suborbicular-obovate, acute,
very oblique, with three subapproximate nerves. Dorsal sepal
about 4 mm. long, apparently 3-3.8 mm. broad, very cucullate
or complanate-pileate, obtuse or subacute. Petals about 3 mm.
long, 2 mm. wide, ovate, broadly obtuse, oblique, three-nerved.
Lip three-lobed, prominently spurred, 7-8 mm. long from the
apex of the erect lateral lobes to the tip of the spur ; lateral lobes
small, obliquely triangular, about 1.5 mm. long and broad at the
base, fleshy, rounded at the apex, provided without with an
[ 226 ]

ORCHIDACEA

oblique thickened ridge; middle lobe subulate, in natural position
arcuate-decurved, fleshy, about 1.5 mm. long when expanded,
sulcate, obtuse, at the base terminating within the spur in an
upcurved fleshy cylindrical tubercle which is about .5 mm. long;
spur about 5.5 mm. long, when viewed from the side forming an
obtuse angle in the middle, obliquely laterally compressed to
about the middle, then abruptly dorso-ventrally compressed and
provided on the anterior surface with a deep groove, apex broadly
rounded. Column short, fleshy, about 1.8 mm. high, viewed from
the side subquadrate-malleoliform, furnished with a minute tu-
bercle at the base. Anther pileate. Pollinia two, subglobose, on
the apex of a slender membranaceous cuneate-dilated stipe which
is about 2.2 mm. long.

A great range of vegetative variation is shown by the collec-
tions of this plant. Clemens 87 exhibits longer stouter roots, a leaf
measuring 12.3 cm. long and 2.84 cm. broad, and a scape about
33 cm. long; Clemens 133 is a small immature plant showing
one leaf 5.4.cm. long and 9.5 mm. broad; Clemens 353 displays a
stem +20 cm. tall with evidences of thirteen leaves; Clemens 176
shows a leaf 3.1 cm. broad.

This plant is very close to Malleola Witteana J. J. Sm. &
Schltr., but it differs from that species in being much less stout
and fleshy, in having the leaves longer in proportion to breadth,
in the decurved middle lobe of the lip and in the color of the
flowers. (PLATE 96.)

Krav, Clemens 87, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower cream-
white ; Clemens 163, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. “Flower, white
shoe with yellow heel;” Clemens 176, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude.
“White shoe, yellow heel ;” Clemens 330 (Type), November 1915. Flower
white and yellow; Clemens 553, November 1915. “Flower, white shoe and
purple heel.” Lozone Cave, Clemens 111, November 1915. 5000 feet alti-
tude. “Flower, white shoe and pink and yellow heel;” Clemens 133, Novem-
ber 1915. 5000 feet altitude. “Flower, white shoe with brownish heel.”

[ 227 ]

ORCHIDACE

2. Malleola transversisaccata A. & S. sp. nov. Herba cras-
sior, arcuata. Radices numerosae, fibrosae, rigidae. Caulis vaginis
coriaceis foliorum omnino obtectus. Folia disticha, late patentia,
elliptico-oblonga vel linearia, apice oblique bilobata, ad basim
complicatam angustata, coriacea. Pedunculi circiter tres, oppo-
sitifolii, simplices. Rachis densissime multiflora. Bracteae inflo-
rescentiae triangulares,acuminatae, reflexae. Flores parvi, in sicco
pellucidi. Sepala lateralia late ovata, obliqua, obtusa. Sepalum
dorsale ovatum, cucullatum, apice rotundatum. Petala ovata,
acuta. Labellum conspicue calcaratum; lobi laterales inconspicui,
retrorsum extensi ; lobus medius conspicuus, adscendens, angus-
tissime triangularis; calear cylindraceum, ad apicem in saccum
transverse ovoideum dilatatum. Gynostemium parvum, malleo-
liforme. Anthera pileata. Pollinia duo ad summam stipitis cune-
ato-dilatati.

Plant rather stout, arcuate. Roots numerous below, fibrous,
rigid, flexuous, conspicuously sulcate, sparsely branched, 1-2 mm.
thick. Stem merging into a root-like portion below, about 15—
26 cm. long (but broken off at the base; a dwarf plant has stem
6.2 cm. long), entirely concealed by the leaf sheaths, zigzag. Leaf
sheaths — the lower becoming fibrous, the upper loose— infundi-
buliform, laterally flattened, coriaceous, striate-nervose. Leaves
eight to ten, distichous, widely spreading, about 8.5-10.6 cm.
long, 1.25—2.35 cm. wide, at intervals of +1.5 cm., lance-oblong,
elliptic-oblong or linear, rounded at the apex and very obliquely
bilobed with vertically semi-orbicular lobules which are minutely
erose, obliquely narrowed to a complicate sessile base, coriaceous,
many-nerved with the mid-nerve more or less sulcate above and
prominently carinate beneath. Peduncles about three, slightly
shorter than or little surpassing the leaves, puncturing the middle
or upper sheaths opposite the leaf-bases, spreading-arcuate or de-

[ 228 ]

ORCHIDACEA

curved, rather stout, 1-1.5 mm. thick, portion up to the raceme
2.6-6 em. long, provided with about three very small scarious
sheaths which are tubular at the base and infundibuliform above.
Rachis about 5.5-7 cm. long. Raceme densely many-flowered.
Bracts of the inflorescence up to 3.5 mm. long, triangular, acumi-
nate, cucullate, reflexed in development. Pedicellate ovary about
6 mm. long, very slender, apparently lepidote. Flowers small, pel-
lucid in the dried specimen. Lateral sepals about 4 mm. long,
2.7 mm. wide across the middle, broadly ovate, oblique, apical
margins involute but when expanded forming an obtuse apex,
adnate to the spur, three-nerved. Dorsal sepal about 3.8 mm.
long, 2.6 mm. broad, ovate, rounded at the apex, cucullate, three-
nerved. Petals about 3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, ovate, acute,
three-nerved. Lip with a conspicuous spur, three-lobed; lateral
lobes small, oblong-falcate, extended backward, furnished on the
upper margin midway to the middle lobe with a minute tooth,
free portion about .8 mm. long, rounded at the apex; middle lobe
prominent, in natural position spreading, when immature ascend-
ing, in maturity slightly decurved, when expanded narrowly tri-
angular-lanceolate, upper portion sulcate-involute and thickened,
just below the base of the mid-lobe within there is a more or less
distinct oblong fleshy callus; spur— dorsally measured from base
to apex — about 5-5.5 mm. long, narrowly cylindric, abruptly
dilated at the apex into a transversely ovoid porrect sac. Column
small, malleoliform. Anther pileate. Pollinia two, subglobose, at
the summit of a slender membranaceous cuneate-dilated stipe.

Dwarf specimens are represented by Clemens 67 and 246. In
the former plant the leaves are subcoriaceous, the peduncle short
anda fresher flower shows suborbicular lateral sepals about 4mm.
long and 3.5 mm. broad, dorsal sepal about 4 mm. long, and sub-
orbicular petals about 3.2 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide.

[ 229 ]

ORCHIDACEA

In habit this plant suggests Sarcanthus koeteiensis (Schltr.)
J.J.Sm., but the leaves of this species are much shorter and
the flowers altogether different.

Krav, Clemens 67, November 1915. 3000 feet altitude. Flower yellow
with white column; Clemens 166 (Type), November 1915. 3000 feet alti-
tude. Flower orange with light yellow spur. Mare: Parer Spur, Clemens
246, November 1915. “Flower green.”

51. SARCANTHUS Lindl.

Of the ten species of this genus credited to Borneo, none were
hitherto recorded from Mount Kinabalu.

1. Sarcanthus Merrillianus 4 mes sp. nov. Herba robusta.
Caules elongati, teretes. Folia linearia, disticha, crasse coriacea,
acuta. Pedunculi perbreves, oppositifolii. Bracteae inflorescentiae
squamiformes. Flores longipedicellati. Sepala lateralia obovato-
oblonga, obliqua, obtusa. Sepalum dorsale ovatum, apice late ro-
tundatum, valde concavum, apice minute denticulatum. Petala
oblongo-spathulata, apice late rotundata, ad apicem minute den-
ticulata. Labellum calcaratum, trilobatum; lobi laterales erecti,
transverse oblongi, truncati; lobus medius triangularis, obtusus;
calcar conspicuum, cylindraceum, apice rotundatum, intus in
pariete antico callo minuto et in pariete postico callo ligulato sur-
sum curvato instructum. Gynostemium crassum.

Plant stout, apparently erect. Roots stout, rigid, fibrous, flex-
uous, longitudinally sulcate, branched, about 2-3 mm. thick.
Stems +8 dm. tall, about 5 mm. thick, terete, entirely concealed
by the sheaths of the leaves. Leaf sheaths +3 em. long, tubular,
thickly coriaceous, rigid, striate-nervose and finely rugose with
transverse reticulations between the longitudinal nerves. Leaves
up to 2 dm.long, +8 mm. wide, distichous, linear-ligulate to linear-
lanceolate, acute, conduplicate at the base, very thickly coria-
ceous, apparently very fleshy in the living plant. Peduncles about

[ 230 ]

ORCHIDACE

1.5 cm. long, stout, puncturing the leaf sheaths about opposite
the leaf bases. Racemes abbreviated, +7 mm. long, about ten-
flowered. Bracts of the inflorescence scarcely 1 mm. long, scale-
like. Pedicel and ovary +1.5 cm. long, very slender, spreading.
Flowers about 1.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals about 4.5 mm. long,
3mm. wide, obovate-oblong, oblique, obtuse, somewhat cucul-
late and dorsally cornute at the apex, prominently one-nerved.
Dorsal sepal about 4 mm. long, 2.8 mm. broad when expanded,
ovate, strongly concave, broadly rounded at the apex which is
sometimes obliquely bilobed, minutely denticulate above. Petals
about 3.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide above the middle, oblong-spat-
ulate, broadly rounded at the apex, minutely denticulate above
the middle. Lip prominently spurred, three-lobed; lateral lobes
about 22.5 mm. across the apex, transversely oblong, indistinct,
truncate, erect; middle lobe +1.5 mm. long, triangular, obtuse,
upcurved, below the apex fleshy-thickened within; spur about
11 mm. long, cylindric, curved, obtuse, provided on the anterior
wall below the base of the mid-lobe with a small callus and on
the posterior wall about 4 mm. from the tip with an upcurved
ligulate blunt callus that is longitudinally sulcate beneath. Col-
umn 8 mm. long,short, fleshy, lacking a distinct foot. Anther tri-
angular, cucullate, prolonged in front into a triangular beak. Pol-
linia globose, on a ligulate membranaceous stipe, disc elliptic.

The very short peduncles and long-spurred flowers make this
species distinct. According to the collector's notes the flowers
are entirely indigo blue including the pedicels. (PLATE 97.)

Maret Pare Spur, Clemens (Type), November 1915. Flowers indigo
blue in all parts; Clemens 267, November 1915. High on trees. Flowers
indigo blue; Clemens 368, December 1915. Flowers indigo.

[ 231 ]

ORCHIDACE
52. MICROSACCUS Bi.

No members of this small genus have previously been found in
Borneo.

1. Microsaccus longicalcaratus 4. & S. sp.nov. Herba pro
genere robusta. Caules plus minusve arcuati, saepissime furcati,
vaginis foliorum imbricatis complanatis omnino obtecti. Folia
numerosa, perdensa, disticha, equitantia, a latere visa lanceolata,
obliqua, leviter falcata, decurva. Inflorescentiae in visu uniflorae,
in axillis foliorum superiorum. Flores parvi, in sicco pellucidi.
Sepala lateralia lanceolata, obliqua, apice cucullata. Sepalum
dorsale oblongo-ovatum, acutum, concavum. Petala linearia, ob-
tusa. Labellum calcaratum; lamina unguiculata, suborbicularis,
utrinque late rotundata, antice in medio subito in apicem tri-
angularem contracta; calear cylindraceum, arcuatum, apice bilo-
bato. Gynostemium breve, crassum.

Plant, for the genus, very tall and stout. Roots clustered at
the base of the plant, numerous, fibrous, flexuous, longitudinally
sulcate, +.75 mm. thick. Stems up to more than 36 cm. long,
simple or usually once-forked, rarely with three branches, usually
more or less arcuate, entirely concealed by the leaves and imbri-
cating leaf sheaths. Leaves very dense and numerous, distichous,
equitant, spreading, about 1.5-2 cm. long, 5—6 mm. wide below,
viewed from the side lanceolate, very oblique, more or less de-
curved, obtuse, articulated with the complanate sheaths, rigidly
coriaceous but pellucid, more or less rugose and apparently very
thick and fleshy in the living plant. Inflorescences apparently
one-flowered, in the axils of the leaves, much shorter than the
leaves even in late development. Flowers small, pellucid in the
dried specimen, apparently dark-colored. Lateral sepals adnate
to the spur, about 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide below the middle,

lanceolate, very oblique, apex cucullate and dorsally carinate,
[ 232 ]

ORCHIDACE

conspicuously one-nerved. Dorsal sepal about 4.5 mm. long, 2-
2.5 mm. wide, oblong-ovate, acute, strongly concave, dorsally
carinate, prominently one-nerved. Petals about 4 mm. long,
1 mm. broad below, linear, obtuse, one-nerved. Lip spurred, di-
lated from a distinct claw into a suborbicular blade; claw about
1.5 mm. long, 1.25 mm. broad, mostly occupied by a fleshy longi-
tudinal callus ; lamina about 4.7 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, broadly
rounded on each side, with a small abruptly triangular obtuse
apex (lip might thus be termed three-lobed), sub-fleshy in tex-
ture; spur conspicuous, strongly arcuate, in natural position about
5 mm. long, cylindric-conic, broad below tapering to a bilobed
apex, suleate on the dorsal and ventral surfaces near the apex,
provided within — midway on the anterior wall — witha small
longitudinal callus. Column short, stout. Ovary becoming about
1 cm. long, cylindric-ellipsoid.

This species, while showing the general attributes of the genus,
is very tall, stouter than usual, and the flower possesses a very
long spur. The flowers are very advanced and lack anther and
pollinia.

Krav, Clemens 342, November 1915.

[ 233 ]

ME VES 2K

ict ayes RD

tiepakl ye lane

Jat peng ork

eV ISH:

w care corexvay 2 ‘Tbe yeti ee
b darters. tb Ae ie etd’, commie, arte
; b's > ‘ is , bait
Ny 3 iis Glare . A Sh 4 — ive fy F use af
nee 9! i “a9 3 Featngs ay [Aiaencea: ava: L genus hehe |
ee 1 SR Peele oan
al eaueneles tlaaruissn Souci aa
' {val ‘ iwedeyatrd. Se hy £ " ‘
iy beasidy bet AMAR Sh ih mi
Aid beanie iinannitial
a) : : cpio, oyh
i fi { ah wk
i P *
Sepia a ‘ ny i's ity 414i) * hig
Ny
a 5 ‘a
i i ahla
riis it yef { rie! 1% Ue ire “atv
A FY) A ade < ayy Al i if ri pe '
i 4 vi » ‘ ¢ er y rok re
a A *
1 ha f4 4
. 4
¢
7 A, ‘ 4
pa
SS ; ' :
i o
r _‘
bs) A
1é } 1 - i
es j vey OP Laie Soi, | " ’ i
na Pe Ad Mae rw i ae FS en ‘iar | ., ne ws :

PLATE 80

ORCHIDACE

PLaTE 80: Chlorosa Clemensii

Plant, natural size, drawn from the type (Clem-
ens 399). 1, upper sepal. 2, petal. 3, lateral se-
pal. 4, labellum.

[ 236 ]

eC
Ev.

MLECIESLL

é

CHLOROSA CG

© ‘ “ae

t
1s eae neh ame

tithe) abawied) ARIOZEO LEDS |

J

be

, VACA alae ome Pay.
he F ™ iA ~
; a Mate F
RRA
, , ‘ f '
Ah eee | ;
* ey
y
P vi \
rs
’ ea mi
- v,
nf
Le
mAs
r » u "
Pay ulitel Vode EOLA a) See OB chr
)

dll, Gy. TG

aa

Orig WA a ae A iw we! %,

2] i
’
A ae ae: |
i i
i WAN
4 oy Ni
ED AT
i A i REGO | mica ey
ws oe ee PRT VBC a)
AP at Bo ry L/A * a i i | wi Y yo. . Le ahs aw eu

PLATE 81

ORCHIDACEA

PiaTE 81: Coelogyne radioferens
Plant, natural size (reconstructed from speci-
mens of Clemens 200). The part shown in detail
is the labellum, the basal keels being concealed
by the hooded base.

[ 238 ]

4p

LOGYNE

Ly

me
NUMA

—

dui

&

Bo

?

>

CreES |

re

—

7

“yp
—_

ih de

Mee it ae

ae
¥ 4
>
Oe Ora
ah

ak ers ‘Wy
r Evra @
et ’ a i

‘ t*

’

i Ay Se

PLATE 82

ORCHIDACEA

PiaTe 82

Dendrochilum imbricatum. I. Inflorescence,
drawn natural size. 1, labellum.

Dendrochilum quinquelobum. II. Inflorescence,
drawn natural size. 2, flower enlarged.

Dendrochilum alatum. III. Plant, drawn natural
size. 3, gynostemium enlarged. 4, labellum en-

larged.

Dendrochilum perspicabile. TV. Plant, drawn
natural size. 5, labellum enlarged.

[ 240 ]

; . yy
D. onbricatum Clmes A p, guinguelobum
; ve 2720S

NX

Fl
Bh
Hy \ Ye,
fait "
\\

EB perspicabile mes \ 4)
ma \a
aah

iG

DENDROCHI a / ke
alatum CAmes e uy C LZ O2

Ley sea e shia hh ON Pee Ae eed AP
iy van J i *y y oy

' fy ‘
‘
, jis
f
& ' ; \
;
F ty 17h 7 i 1
# i bat ' » ’ ™
VY ‘ ;
at
a At 1
hie SP
iu ns 3 v ‘ }
i Pa “<
i's
obey ‘
j
; i k
; ;
¢
‘ bd ‘ Y
ro {
4 ?
, oth
s
f A
‘5 if bape P ;
ie \ >
t : ¥ hes . ; iz
F
R fA +! ad
* ; Ra 4
o,
; wy ri dar ; a ;
‘ ae ‘
Sh, / $
TER
{
-
" 5
, 1% ¥ ;
y “ee
<< ei
7 7% 4
tye. eae Ft i F e
4 ‘ % i]
i ee |
pact ‘iti «
|. [
“Veg heal ‘
ti ae
“ me Ny
me} -
\ y " ‘4
oe ty
% vy. r . - ¥
” é os ] ‘ar
y < ij ai te i 7
= » q + es i
f t Pin
os 2p ro
; Ry ; {
, ,
Ri, i c 3 1 iy f
} 4%
me
t } ;
4 ¢ A > ‘y
+i q
pan A
H = ae or ist
i m
A. > ty ‘ ro ae 5,
Hy om .% ‘ Ke
i * > :
’
j as m ——
’ i ne p i oe ‘ “ 2 xs
SS ; ae cae ; 7
} - . i) 3 eee o ht GRA
i ; 4 ao Cd eed. lO ee
5 re eo ‘ f F Peas *
| Lo etal ‘aa TEEN WR AMMA Site,
iy i ae : ot , nm ; ’
¢ « aid ab A ‘ f I So N
\
ri ( “i
, > ¢ :
s ; os x
. j : ;
I iy om! x
a ie

PLATE 83

ORCHIDACE

PLaTE 83

Dendrochilum Joclemensii. Flower and gyno-
stemium enlarged.

Dendrochilum angustipetalum. Flower enlarged.
Labellum enlarged, at left. Gynostemium en-
larged, at right.

Dendrochitum lancilabium. Flower enlarged.
Labellum enlarged. Gynostemium enlarged.

lr=arral
rho)
>
ro)
—

'D. anguslipetalum Ames

i eae Af Puritan Ch omee

cain

DENDROCHILUM

at

oe

ae tte

=
~—_

=

=a

oe
leet

_

PLATE 84

ORCHIDACE

PuiateE 84

Dendrochilum crassifolium. Flower enlarged.
Gynostemium, side view.

Dendrochilum kamborangense. Flower enlarged.
Gynostemium, front view.

[ 244 ]

PP SAE4
=

DENDROCHILUM
ham boranoense Chon es

ni. Leianiweselitale nase mM peers: .

k PPC DY » eae.) *) pao ety ‘spentes

hi igen ahs ly, Th
ae Paavo gk Vine

Ji nghe

| whine) aia yr
|e on Hoi '
é 5

si,
i“
F
i‘
¥
y
7 - =e »
vy
2) A ‘ Me .
Moet) fe etal cid 4
oss 5. i aaa
Veer arid) P a Wad

bare

: ee) | er a le va aN vi v
5 ey i ve a oy ae Pa
» ™~ 10 a Rt Site dp} a A

PLATE 85

ORCHIDACEA

Prats 85: Dendrochilum Haslamii

Plant, natural size, drawn from the type.
Flower enlarged.

[ 246 ]

HILUM

a

1st

Q

Cc

DENDRO

A, nes &

amt C

iz re.
4

fl

oa ‘pire ar Tre net,

ak SY WAY Pe eek Po

PLATE 86

ORCHIDACE#

Priate 86: Pholidota pectinata
Inflorescence, natural size. Flower enlarged.
Labellum and gynostemium, side view.

[ 248 ]

SV56

PHOLID ;
pecttnata Ames

‘

i
f

SMC ACER

HA PPE he oa ana te
aay
sy ee Shane Lae Letts ay

frst. » vA Pinas’)

Ss PL a be

ES

es.
a
Sp

——

oe

PLATE 87

ORCHIDACEZ

Puate 87: Nabaluia Clemens

Plant, natural size. 1, bracts of the inflores-
cence. 2, gynostemium much enlarged. 3, la-
bellum enlarged. 4, flower.

[ 250 ]

N

Anne;

m ARN

aed

NABALUIA

cS lem: Stt Cis

ME,

PLATE 88

ORCHIDACE/

PLateE 88
Malazis graciliscapa. Flower much enlarged.

Malaxis multiflora. 1, labellum. 2, upper sepal.
3, petal. 4, lateral sepal, all much enlarged.

Malaxis variabilis. 5, labellum. 6, lateral sepal.
7, upper sepal. 8, petal, all much enlarged.

[ 252 ]

MALAXIS .
772tL ltiflora Hes

M. vaertabrlisCA & o

be oii aula ile fehl lei: Me Ae

oak
ye %
ane

—_, -

% y rs c fe i :
(

(eae lah vy = agency nny 4 wren Sb be ty Lane wre argmeme coum: 4

» te

at

' Ay

- hacen
. Ress Wall

; ee Vio ae.
iy bps

al c 5 | ae
‘ RN pags VEEN AY I
7 i hemsinme renee stant vad Sy te leven 04 ae

1) se 5 peau My ~ ime ‘

> nt . ‘ a '
. [eae wasps min. By 4 Sal er ry ee in
y t: toa< wy E he cy yh A) Py Met So klki de ee sat 4s
‘ i Ly | | i ae ;
fh aban ce DN ia

| ; ‘
¥ . ; Aes a) 4 a : A ¥ Me Ne a L ee eyed, t r
, ; x | c

b 4
i he
oe BIR FAP I Oe
; a he ~) wtih “: ‘
' a , Re Ora RRS Cre nen yer es ae.
OP RG: jy Deen reNey OL nee a! Aline

ay is
Reloaiibsienes Le oh a i

PLATE 89

ORCHIDACEA

Priate 89
Oberonia kinabaluensis. I. Plant, natural size.
1, flower much enlarged.

Oberonia affinis. Il. Plant, natural size. 2, flower
much enlarged.

[ 254 ]

——

Ca
as
S
)S
&
:
2
2)

is

(abot cee 68

a
\
4 >

Ag
oe

ia CP eravttens Write i, tie

aha

! i

Fags

PLATE 90

ORCHIDACE

Piate 90
Oberonia patentifolia. I. Plant, natural size.
1, flower much enlarged.

Oberonia triangularis. II. Plant, natural size.
2, labellum much enlarged, tip turned upwards.
3, another plant, natural size, in bud and in
fruit.

[ 256 ]

OBERONIA | |
eee Hos” “tds Oe f'

‘e t.

*

Bee

——
—

~ 4
ReaD dyeeSharyeesies’s OMICS CUA TF Bags
a Pies “on he Yay er ®
PO 3 ADEE
DEG SAA tina pa
is M4
wetieed

PLATE 91

ORCHIDACEH

Priate 91: Dendrobium minimum
Plant, natural size. Labellum enlarged.

[ 258 ]

Aes:

ae SSE aS ere
= eee,

MtLnLMUM

DENDROBIUM

PLATE 92

ORCHIDACEZ

Pirate 92: Eria magnicallosa
Upper part of plant, natural size. Labellum.

[ 260 ]

ERIA MAGNtCE Closa A ed.

ROT MTC es Pr a ep
Oe if ak i p, ‘ ¥ Weve. os Wass ' "
ae rt,

a]
<i
4
a '
. - 7 ’ : r* : +1 ;
ce eer eae eet ar th ae
. =
i >) A
'
pt :
| *.
\ j
;

PLATE 93

ORCHIDACEA

PLATE 93: Chilopogon kinabaluensis
Plant, natural size, drawn in flower and fruit.
Labellum enlarged, showing concave base and
the callus on the disc.

[ 262 ]

12 Ve ely Pee be 5! +
Vici ia GE ai ae ii ees CR. hh) le
bs Je t vir 7 i. \ hate f

AA | RY j

VARIANTS le
4 (Re

é a , ;
iY i
Y
ra ; ,
:
,
7 4’
Be i i : i
¢ hal it a .
4 J i
é ‘ ;
iM » j y »
Hus ,
~ Ai
‘ ‘
v j Fags
‘ ¢ is af t
i)
é ’ i wk
‘ > ' J
+. t od } ; p
i . tnd syi4
Poy Pee 4 a, y
\ ( 44 fs
io" ‘ Ose
4 eonr '
?
a ¢ LT "4 .
”
wr j
a iv
Le \ -
‘ ” rd
5 ah
: 7" ’
t j é
fi oy F ;
j y ‘ 4 '
‘ 4 : -
i . eG , 44a s
‘ ’ ny
} os
they 4) st /
ti \ Vad 7 A
ya , y* } Md
’ \ jm, Oe hPL
‘ ‘ , bal vee
a ik : thy 4
7 vo‘ La © ‘
4 ay lin j
| 4 a . 4 « f
. f ‘ wre —— y ie, *
Z y 4
= F 2 a
my ¥ A Wer 4
A : { yes an
| daha
on hal * x, ‘
are Pipe NM
~ . a j 7 uN p
rt KA
. i af ) t Pe Ps p ¢* * 4
) \ 4 r f 4 .s \
; \ ‘ Cl Ko, eh
ai: a es CS, a
r f Fi teas, -
i ; a y
‘ yoy : } ian
fi
4 ' ; a j
“ Y ’ 7
: . | rae ee,
+ ‘ : } am mJ >
‘ : Ve. as
? Le ‘abe ®
‘ ie} i 7 bid Wiis
~ Se Ben ae te
r H ' > { hee ’ ‘ i
* *; a ’ - ‘ J a ed * i
1g é} yok ae piel
+ hl ‘ ar
; yj ’ 5. fie
my 4 ‘
¢ 2 j u ~~," "
= Bee cents POV fet Rang ati i
} ‘ -

ee ® fe

ty

Wie Fi F ; / : : TELE: 5
( F +; f 4 § gap |
d : Me ay ;

PLATE 94

ORCHIDACEZ

Prate 94: Bulbophyllum eximium
Plant, drawn natural size. Flower enlarged.
Labellum enlarged.

[ 264 ]

BULBOPHYLLUM exzmiumies

r
5
\ ir)
ul
;
' ¥ ) F ;
4 ys
; “|
:
:'

oo

an" Alarm

.
t
A Oy

i ee guns } j ~ 6)
a ly 4 he : ; Ri , A
| ee ONS.

“ ry an
f lie ae
% 5) ER csuovnely ea TAL PEPE
ile pan’ -—. “ sine canuaen-\ aah a
; 1.7m
} t a
4
7
'
a
*
/ > :
4
4 «~ j
,
- ; {
4 . 7
, - { a ”
a ' i ; i)
dl ; hae, 4
ie ‘
f .
f « F ‘
FF -
why ny
Pry * °
er ed s
rhe « é

PLATE 95

ORCHIDACEZ

Puiate 95: Bulbophyllum lanceolatum

Plant, drawn natural size. 1, petal enlarged.
2, labellum enlarged, side view. 3, labellum en-
larged, spread out.

[ 266 ]

|

< ig]

Hy
({
+
|
f

ae
2,

cH. &

?

CL Ceci

y

M Canceol

J

BULBOPHYI

rey yee ils a Nis PRR ty ee Se ET | ONE eRe ag
a" iy i We a , : iu

in

a

‘
=

Pas
*y

2 wd
_,—"..

a

~

S
ee

a . os, %* ‘ F ‘
*sS Gena
> eo ee.

‘ 4 mos Dn! ae Lae pe | a ZY a? CIO A

PLATE 96

ORCHIDACE

Piate 96: Malleola kinabaluensis

Plant, drawn natural size. Labellum enlarged,
showing saccate spur and the three lobes.

[ 268 ]

» AORTA

x

a

‘
‘
4
'
*-
_~,
- é is

-_—
mt
hd
is

PLATE 97

ORCHIDACEA

Prater 97: Sarcanthus Merrillianus

Plant, drawn natural size.

[ 270 ]

TK ie SAR ANTHUS Me a By ee

a

Yl =

7 hada
= fl i
WSF we NS

7 alli Ti A
ae

r

ok es

wee ee
’

ell |

ae a
U o

Ss

Sere seh a eeuay »

°
4

ST OF

* a by

779

‘+

5 tapers)

sn,,

NOTES ON PHILIPPINE ORCHIDS

‘
.
,¢@
Fas att
’
Alp

ee 2 ae fee me)

J : r! Ve : , wwiri:
DSS) ae aes Bees ae! Le tah wre rs
Le RD I TA Ay Se ial Ma bend Ter
\ : ~ b -
2 x "ik “ty j J -
y ®
. .
. -
f i Vv ark
: h : . at N rs
{ \ cae Ws gs erry 7 i
| : au ti aly Ae aL at
ao tO) UP ie aS A oe ae

sor De
4 ,
y * y , inl
es si
- . rs Pa
-
-
*
‘
>

ANBAR AMAL, HO eae

. 1? on
x . are.”
<« a ' a. a

; "

face? ea) Oh ee
iy ‘ i ® . ; ; Ari Wis 5
" f < ¢ ‘2 wa Yel has |
cAPY XY 4 4 -~ i hee
oa Casio.
yj oa4 i. A i a fl
y id y
A j . ? " ita
- i »
rs ‘~ % r / a7 /
4
’ v4" ty ; ‘ a? ut
9 ’ 2
“= a ie we om ELA

NOTES ON PHILIPPINE ORCHIDS
WITH DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES, VII

INCE the publication of my enumeration of the genera and

species of Philippine orchids in the fifth fascicle of the pres-
ent work numerous collections have been received, both from the
Bureau of Science and from private collectors, that have con-
tained new or noteworthy species. Although it has been impos-
sible on account of the war to make a detailed study of the ma-
terial that has accumulated, I have set aside from time to time,
specimens that seem to be obviously new to the Philippine flora.
Such of these as proved to be undescribed or worthy of attention
are included in the following list.

It has become apparent thatnumerous genera of Philippine or-
chids need to be thoroughly reworked if we are to profit from the
material that has been referred, often tentatively, to various spe-
cies that were originally described from a limited number ofspeci-
mens or from a single plant. This is true especially of Bulbophyl-
lum, Dendrobium, Dendrochilum, Eria, Liparis and Malaxis.
In these genera there are many species that may be too laxly de-
fined or too closely circumscribed. Critical work in the field may
be necessary, together with a careful study of Malayan types, to
solve some of the problems suggested by Malaxis. This genus
constitutes a very puzzling group which, when studied from her-
barium material, presents anexasperating number of perplexities.
Dendrochilum needs to be examined very thoroughly from the
point of view of distribution. It would seem that many species
of the section Acoridium are localized or restricted in their range
to the higher altitudes of isolated mountains. Here we have an
opportunity for investigations that may conclusively prove that

[ 273 ]

ORCHIDACE

many species of Dendrochilum are characterized by a remark-
able tendency toward montane endemism. Of course it is quite
probable that the apparent isolation of Dendrochilum irigense
Ames on Mount Iriga, of D. ocellatum Pfitz. on Mount Data and
of D.sphacelatum Pfitz. on Mount Santo Tomas, to mention only
a few of many examples, may be the result of incomplete know-
ledge of their actual distribution. If it were not for the repeated
discovery of some of these species in their original stations, and
for their absence from collections made elsewhere, the suggestion
that deductions as to restricted distribution are premature at this
time might be seriously entertained. At least until there is evi-
dence to the contrary, it will be well to act on the hypothesis that
the alpine species of Dendrochilum are often endemic on isolated
mountains.

Although the evidence obtained from an examination of re-
cent collections indicates that we have made substantial progress
toward a comprehensive survey of the Philippine orchid flora, it
is highly probable that unexplored and lightly touched regions,
especially the mountainous regions of Mindanao and Mindoro,
will bring to light many new species. It is very desirable that
Mount Halcon should be ascended again for botanical purposes.
Some of the species obtained on this mountain by Merrill in 1906 |
have not since appeared in collections from other sources, and
many of them are represented in herbaria by very scanty mate-
rial. Mount Data would seem to have an exceptionally interest-
ing orchid flora, and an effort to assemble it would be distinctly
worth while. Some of the species described from specimens col-
lected on Mount Data should again be sought for. I have in
mind especially Dendrochilum oliganthum Pfitz.and D.ocellatum
Pfitz., two very remarkable species that are poorly represented
by the material obtained in 1905 by Merrill. Even though the

[ 274 ]

ORCHIDACE

botanical activities of the Bureau of Science and of private col-
lectors have been pretty constant during the last fifteen years,
there are numerous orchids that are represented in herbaria by
the specimens of a single collection. This is in part accounted for
by the tendency of orchids to occur sporadically, but is largely due
to the fact that there are regions in which botanical exploration
has been limited to a single effort or to a cursory examination.

From time to time the relationship of the Philippine flora to
that of the other Malayan islands has been discussed. In the fifth
fascicle of this work I referred to the subject very briefly and
indicated that the alliance between the orchid floras of the Phil-
ippines, Celebes and Java was somewhat close. Recently I have
had an opportunity to study the Bornean collections of Chaplain
Joseph Clemens. Although these were confined to Mount Kina-
balu in British North Borneo, they tend to show that the rela-
tionship between the orchid flora of the Philippines and that of
Borneo is not so close as geographical considerations would seem
to indicate. In my studies I was deeply impressed by the absence
of species from the Bornean collections that are common to the
higher altitudes of the Philippines. Under Dendrochilum in the
enumeration of the orchids of Mount Kinabalu I have discussed
this point at some length, and the remarks made therein are
applicable in general to the other Bornean orchid genera.

Until we know more about the floras of Borneo and Sumatra it
will be impossible to arrive at satisfactory conclusions regarding
the distribution of orchids in the Malayan tropics. It is becoming
clear that endemism is more pronounced than we had believed,
and that many of those species now supposed to extend over a
wide range may prove to be made up of several different species,
each one restricted to a well-defined area. Of course there are
dominant species, such for example, as Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.)

[ 275 ]

ORCHIDACEA

Ames and Eulophia squalda Lindl. that extend over a wide
range, but the majority of orchids, if conclusions based on present
knowledge are to be relied on, are held within comparatively
small geographical areas and are restrained in their distribution
by influences of which we have little or no understanding. This
lesson is easily learned from a study of those Philippine species
that seem to be localized on an island or within a province.

In the following list the genera are arranged, with a few ex-
ceptions, in the sequence adopted in the fifth fascicle of Orchi-
daceae. This arrangement follows closely the system proposed
by Engler and Prantl.

HABENARIA Willd.

Habenaria malintana (Blanco) Merrill Sp. Blancoanae
(1918) 112. Thelymitra malintana Blanco Flora de Filipinas
(1887) 642. Habenaria pelorioides Par. & Reichb. f. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. 30 (1874) 135, 189, t. 27, f. A, 1-8. Habenaria tri-
nervis Naves Novis. App. (1880) 250 non Wight.

If Professor Elmer D. Merrill’s conclusions are adopted, the
synonymy given above would seem to be correct for the Philip-
pine plant that has been referred to Habenaria pelorioides Par.
& Reichb. f. in my previous lists of Philippine orchids. Merrill,
with exceptional opportunities for exactitude and finality, has
given concentrated attention to the task of clarifying obscure
species described by Blanco, so that his conclusions must be re-
garded as authoritative. Aside from the very rambling descrip-
tion published in Flora de Filipinas, there are references that,
once the clue to the species is given, seem to leave little, if any,
room for doubt as to the plant Blanco wished to characterize.
In the Novissima Appendix Naves referred Thelymitra malin-
tana to the synonymy of Habenaria trinervia Wight, but on

[ 276 ]

ORCHIDACE

what assumption I do not know. In the Philippines Habenaria
malintana appears to be common in Luzon.

VANILLA Juss.

Vanilla calopogon Reichb. f: Otia Bot. Hamb. Fasc. 1
(1878) 40.

This appears to be a very rare species. Among the collections
examined I have seen only three sets of specimens. V’anilla calo-
pogon Reichb. f. is readily distinguished from V’. ovalis Blanco,
the only other species of the genus heretofore reported from the
Philippine Islands, by its leafless stems and white flowers. Up to
the present time this species has been found only in Luzon. The
following collection is worthy of a record.

Luzon, Ilicos Norte Province, Burgos, M. Ramos Bur. Sci. 32928, July
20, 1918. In dry thickets. Flowers white.

LECANORCHIS Bi.

Lecanorchis javanica Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1856)
188. L. triloba J. J. Sm. in Bull. Dépt. Agric. Ind. Néerl. 19
(1908) 26.

In Fascicle V of this work, I adopted for this species the name
proposed by J. J. Smith in Bull. Dépt. Agric. Ind. Néerl. Smith
is now of the opinion that L. triloba should be added to the syn-
onymy of L. javanica Bl., on the assumption that Blume must
have described his species from a peloric form in which the label-
lum was entire instead of being normal and three-lobed. The
type of L. javanica at Leiden is in poor condition and insuffi-
‘cient to establish beyond doubt that Smith is correct. Smith
has examined material from western Java that is characterized
by a three-lobed lip, and his studies have convinced him that
L. triloba is not a distinct species, but simply the normal state of
LL. javanica.

[ 277 ]

ORCHIDACEA
PHILIPPINAEA Schltr. & Ames gen. nov.

Sepala lateralia lanceolata, extus glanduloso-pubescentia, sac-
cum labelli occludentia. Sepalum dorsale petalis adhaerens,
extus glanduloso-pubescens, concavum. Petala membranacea,
oblongo-lanceolata, sepalum dorsale aequantia. Labellum gy-
nostemio adnatum, basi saccato-gibbosa; saccus scrotiformis,
intus utrinque squamis clavatis ornatus; lamina labelli in par-
tes duas divisa, pars basalis orbicularis antice pectinato-dentata,
pars apicalis unguiculata, dilatata, obtuse triangularis. Discus
labelli bicarinatus. Gynostemium valde elongatum, sepalum dor-
sale aequans; stigma indivisum; rostellum profunde bifidum, di-
visionibus inaequaliter bilobatis, lobis exterioribus obtusis, lobis
interioribus elongatis, lineari-triangularibus, acutis. Clinandrium
tubulare. Anthera elongata, navicularis. Pollinia sectilia, sessilia
in disco rostelli. Ovarium glanduloso-pubescens. Herba terrestris,
succulenta, caulescens, inferne repens; foliis alternis, congestis,
in petiolum latum vaginantem angustatis; scapo laxe vaginato,
elongato; floribus in racemo elongato dispositis.

Philippinaea WenzZelii (Ames) Schltr. & Ames comb. nov.
Adenostylis Wenzelii Ames Orchidaceae 5 (1915) 41.

The genus Philippinaea differs from Adenostylis in the details
of the gynostemium and labellum. From the African members
of Platylepis it is separable generically by the lip characters,
although in the elongated column and in the rostellar divisions
it shows close relationship with Platylepis through P. good-
yeroides A. Rich.

Philippinaea is endemic in the Philippines. It is monotypic and
from evidence based on collections is only known from Leyte,
Mindanao and Luzon.The material on which the genus is founded
was originallyreferred to Adenostylis and published in FascicleV

of Orchidaceae as 4. Wenzelit. Before publication I invited the
[ 278 ]

ORCHIDACEAE

opinion of Dr. Rudolf Schlechter as to its generic characters.
He agreed with me that the species was new and probably re-
ferable to the section Monochilus of Adenostylis. Later Dr.
Schlechter revised his opinion and we agreed that a new genus
should be recognized to receive the Philippine species. Further
studies indicated relationship to the genus Platylepis which has
representatives in Africa, Mascarene Islands, New Guinea, ete.
It would seem to indicate affinity to Platylepis through Pap-
uan and Pacific types of which the relationship to African spe-
cies of Platylepis is not yet wholly clear.

Present records prove that Philippinaea is the only endemic
orchid genus of the Philippine Islands. If it should remain so,
it would be within reason to assume that the majority of the
orchid species of the Philippines have originated in the archi-
pelago and that their phylogeny may be traced to the species
of Celebes, Java, Borneo and Sumatra. (PLATE 100.)

Leyte, Dagami, C. A. Wenzel 0210 (Type), July 21, 1913. 60 meters
altitude. Flowers white; Ormoc, Wenzel 0119, April 28, 1913. Terres-
trial in forest. 200 meters altitude. Flowers white; Jaro, Wenzel 0510,
July 25, 1914. 500 meters altitude. Terrestrial in forest. Sepals and petals
green, labellum white and pink. Mrypanao, Province of Agusan, Mount
Urdaneta, 4. D. E. Elmer 13884, September 1912. Erect, succulent, ter-
restrial herb in good soil of deep humus in forest, along the side of the
Catangan Creek, at 3000 feet altitude. Luzon, Province of Sorsogén, Mount
Balusan, Elmer 16668, July 1916.

COELOGYNE Lindl.

Coelogyne Loheri Rolfe in Kew Bull. (1908) 414.

The labellum of this species was originally described as five-
carinate. I find that the number of carinae is variable. In material
that I have referred to this species, three carinae seem to consti-
tute the average. A specimen in the United States National Her-
barium, Loher 549, that I regard as a duplicate type of C. Loheri,

has atricarinate labellum. In comparison with its Philippineallies,
[ 279 ]

ORCHIDACEAZ

the narrow leaves constitute the most conspicuous differenti-
ating character in the recognition of this species.

Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Father M. Vanoverbergh 1197, March—
May 1911; Vanoverbergh 2867, April 4, 1913. 1700 meters altitude;
Vanoverbergh 3906, June-July 1914. 1700 meters altitude. Flowers white
and yellowish-brown; Vanoverbergh 4041, 1916.

Coelogyne quinquelamellata Ames sp. nov. Radices fibra-
tae, ramosae; pseudobulbi diphylli, 4-9 cm. longi, anguste pyri-
formes vel ampullacei, subtetragoni, prope basim +1.5 cm. in
crassitudine, valde rugosi, juniores vaginis coriaceis acutis tecti.
Vaginae distichae, in sicco rigidae, +5 cm. longae. Folia 10-30
em. longa, 1.5—4.5 cm. lata, oblongo-elliptica, utrinque attenuata,
acuta, valde coriacea, in sicco nervosa, erecta, scapo longiora,
breviter petiolata. Scapus erectus, rigidus, +3 dm. longus, initio
foliis juvenilibus synanthus, versus antheseos finem hysteranthus,
folia demum superans, basi nudus, multiflorus, compressus. Flores
rubri, succedanei. Rachis flexuosa. Bracteae inflorescentiae elon-
gatae, 2.5 cm. longae, glumaceae, lanceolatae, acutae, ovaria
pedicellata superantes, cum floribus deciduae, super flores arc-
tissime imbricatae. Sepala lateralia 11 mm. longa, +4 mm. lata,
lanceolata, acuta. Sepalum dorsale 12 mm. longum, circa 7 mm.
latum, ovato-lanceolatum, acutum, valde concavum, suberectum.
Petala linearia, 9 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, prope apicem atten-
uata. Labellum simplex, 7 mm. longum, circa 1 cm. latum, trans-
verse ellipticum, minute apiculatum, prope basim lamellis quin-
que, obtuse triangularibus, erectis, 1-2 mm. longis, abbreviatis
praeditum. Gynostemium arcuatum, apice late alatum.

This very distinct species belongs to the section Longifoliae.
It is at once distinguishable from all other members of the genus,
heretofore reported from the Philippine Islands, by means of
the five abbreviated lamellae at the base of the labellum. In

[ 280 ]

ORCHIDACE

general habit the plant resembles Coelogyne longifola Lindl.
Wenzel describes the flowers as red in all specimens except the
one collected on August 30, 1917. In this specimen the sepals
and petals are orange, while the labellum is orange and white.

Mrinpanao, Surigao Province, C. A. Wenzel 01206 (Type), September 22,
1917. Epiphyte in forest. 150 meters altitude. Flowers red; Wenzel 01175,
August 23, 1917; Wenzel 01179, August 20, 1917; Wenzel 01182, Au-
gust 30, 1917.

DENDROCHILUM Bi.

Dendrochilum (§ Acoridium) binuangense Ames sp. nov.
Radices fibratae. Pseudobulbi +1 cm. longi, semifusiformes, in
sicco plurisulcati, monophylli, juniores vaginis inclusi. Folium
4-8 cm. longum, 6-11 mm. latum, anguste oblongo-ellipticum,
utrinque attenuatum, obtusum, coriaceum, in sicco prominenter
trinervium, nervis lateralibus submarginatis. Petiolus abbrevia-
tus. Pedunculus cum racemo +1 dm. longus, folio multo longior,
infra inflorescentiam bracteis infundibuliformibus ornatus. Ra-
cemus +8 cm. longus, gracilis, elongatus, arcuatus, multiflorus.
Flores distichi, albidi, cirea 1 mm. distantes. Bracteae inflores-
centiae circa 4 mm. longae, glumaceae, semiovatae, acuminatae,
valde acutae, ovaria pedicellata superantes. Sepala lateralia 3.75—
4mm. longa, circa 1 mm. lata, oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata,
valde acuta, uninervia. Sepalum dorsale circa 4 mm. longum,
1 mm. latum, anguste oblongo-lanceolatum, acuminatum, acu-
tum, uninervium. Petala 3 mm. longa, anguste oblongo-lan-
ceolata, acuta, uninervia. Labellum minutum, trilobatum, lobis
lateralibus columnam excedentibus; lobi laterales vix 1 mm.
longi, circa 1 mm. lati ad apicem, subcuneati, truncato-obtusi,
lobum medium multo excedentes; lobus medius tridentatus,
carnosus, vix .5 mm. longus, dentibus triangularibus subaequali-
bus; discus valde eoncavus, callo minuto lineari ornatus. Calli

[ 281 ]

ORCHIDACE

duo, complanati, unus prope basim lobi lateralis utriusque. Co-
lumna minuta, rostellum prominens.

Dendrochilum binuangense at first glance resembles D. mi-
crochilum (Schlitr.) Ames so closely that it might readily be mis-
taken for it. The floral bracts are acuminate and end in a sharp
triangular point, and the lateral lobes of the labellum are con-
spicuously longer than the middle lobe, exceeding the column
when erect. In D. microchilum,on the other hand, the floral bracts
are obtuse and the lateral lobes of the labellum are not much
longer than the middle lobe.

Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Mount Binuang, Ramos & Edaiio Bur.

Sci. 28620, May 27, 1917. 500 meters altitude. Found on the summit of

the mountain on a tree. Flowers white.

Dendrochilum (§ Acoridium) cinnabarinum Pfitz. in Engl.
Pflanzenreich IV, 50. II. B. 7 (1907) 104.

This very distinct species, of which a detailed account was
given in Orchidaceae 3 (1908) 10, t. 27, was originally reported
from Benguet Province, Luzon, without precise data. Since its
discovery by A. Loher it has been collected several times, but
always on Mount Pulog, and would seem to be restricted in its
distribution.

Luzon, Benguet Province, Mount Pulog, Elmer D. Merrill 6475, May
1909. In mossy forest. 7500 feet altitude; R. C. McGregor Bur. Sci. 8844,
July 1909; Curran, Merritt & Zschokke For. Bur. 16348, January 1909.
In hard wood forest on tree. 8800 feet altitude. Flowers coral red; George
Boettcher, June 1918. Flowers blood red.

Dendrochilum (§ Platyclinis) ecallosum Ames sp. nov. Ra-
dices fibratae, elongatae. Pseudobulbi caespitosi, 12-20 mm. longi,
pyriformes, in sicco valde rugosi, longitudinaliter sulcati, fla-
vescentes, usque ad apicem attenuati, monophylli. Folium peti-
olatum, cum petiolo 6-10 cm. longum, 1.3-2 cm. latum, ob-

longo-ellipticum, subacutum, in sicco nervosum, nervo marginali

[ 282 ]

ORCHIDACE

utrinque addito, coriaceum, in petiolum subito contractum. Pe-
tiolus +1.5 cm. longus,superne sulcatus. Pedunculus cum racemo
folio fere explanato synanthus eoque fere duplo longior, nutans,
gracilis, 1.5—2 dm. longus. Racemus 7 em. longus, subdensiflorus.
Bracteae inflorescentiae 3 mm. longae, glumaceae, convolutae,
ovaria pedicellata superantes, subacutae. Flores distichi, 2 mm.
distantes in racemo, in sicco flavescentes. Pedicellus cum ovario
2 mm. longus. Sepala lateralia 3.5 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, ob-
longo-lanceolata, acuta, trinervia, subpatentia. Sepalum dorsale
3.5 mm. longum, 1.5 mm. latum, oblongo-lanceolatum, acutum,
trinervium. Petala circa 3 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, oblongo-ellip-
tica, acuta, trinervia. Labellum circa 3 mm. longum, super me-
dium 1.5 mm. latum, oblanceolatum, acutum, trinervium, ecal-
losum. Columna crassa, 1 mm. longa, columnae Dendrochili bi-
callosi similis, lacinia utraque reducta in dentem truncatum alae
terminali adsistentem, cujus illa pars fieri videtur; ala termina-
lis truncata, denticulata.

Dendrochilum ecallosum is very closely related to D. propin-
guum Ames, but differs from it in the much smaller dimensions
of all its parts. The ecallose labellum and marginate leaves serve
to distinguish it from D. bicallosum Ames.

CaranpuanEs Istanp, Mount Mariquidon, M. Ramos Bur. Sct. 30240,
November 30, 1917. 140 meters altitude. On tree in forest. Flowers salmon
colored.

Dendrochilum (§ Acoridium) Loheri Ames Orchidaceae 3
(1908) 12, t. 27.

This rare species which is represented by material recently col-
lected on Mount SantoTomas by Boettcher was originally found
in Benguet Province, Luzon, by A. Loher and distributed without
being localized. On the evidence of herbarium material it would
seem to be confined to Mount Santo Tomas and Mount Pulog.

[ 283 ]

ORCHIDACEA

Luzon, Benguet Province, Mount Pulog, Elmer D. Merrill 6476, May
1909; Mount Santo Tomas, George Boettcher, May 1918. Flowers rose
colored.

Dendrochilum (§ Platyclinis) niveum Ames sp. nov. Radices
validae, glabrae. Pseudobulbi caespitosi, statu juvenili vaginis
tubulatis tecti. Vaginae usque ad 4 cm. longae, obtusae. Folium
ligulatum, circa 1 dm. longum, 2 cm. latum, utrinque attenua-
tum, in sicco nervosum, nervo medio subtus magis prominenti.
Pedunculus cum racemo 21 cm. longus, gracilis, infra inflores-
centiam bractea singula ornatus. Racemus gracilis, 12 em. longus,
laxifiorus. Bracteae inflorescentiae glumaceae, +3.5 mm. longae,
convolutae, ovaria pedicellata superantes. Pedicellus cum ovario
circa 3 mm. longus. Flores distichi, nivei, circa 3 mm. distantes.
Sepala lateralia 5-6 mm. longa, circa 1.5 mm. lata infra medium,
triangulari-lanceolata, acuminata, valde acuta, trinervia. Sepalum
dorsale 5-6 mm. longum, vix 2 mm. latum, anguste oblongo-
lanceolatum, acuminatum, acutum, trinervium. Petala 5 mm.
longa, circa 1 mm. lata, oblongo-lanceolata, minutissime denti-
culata, acuminata, valde acuta, trinervia. Labellum usque ad
3 mm. longum, trilobatum, callo parvo in nervo utroque paulo
infra medium; lobi laterales tertiam partem labelli aequantes,
rotundati, obtusi, minutissime denticulati; lobus medius sub-
orbicularis, 2 mm. longus, vix 2 mm. latus, subito acutus vel
obtusus. Columna circa 2 mm. longa; stelidia lateralia prope
medium columnae exserta, longe lineari-triangularia, acuta, alam
apicalem haud aequantia; ala terminalis variabilis, minutissime
lobulata vel retusa.

The nearest affinity of Dendrochilum niveum appears to be
D. filiforme Lindl., which has smaller flowers in denser racemes
and a very different labellum. The type consists of a single plant
in which the pseudobulb is immature and still clothed by the

[ 284 ]

ORCHIDACE

elongated tubular sheath that conceals the petiole of the leaf and
the base of the peduncle.
Luzon, Kalinga Province, George Boettcher, March 19, 1918. 1000 me-
ters altitude. Flowers white.

Dendrochilum (§ Platyclinis) propinquum 4 mes sp.nov. Ra-
dices fibratae, elongatae. Rhizoma repens. Pseudobulbi 2.5—3.3
cm. longi, anguste pyriformes, approximati, superne attenuati,
monophylli, juniores vaginis tubulatis acutis pseudobulbum su-
perantibus inclusi, insicco valde rugosi. Folium petiolatum, 17-20
em. longum, circa 3 cm. latum, oblongo-lanceolatum, utrinque
attenuatum, nervosum, subacutum, nervo marginali utrinque ad-
dito, medio subtus multo magis prominenti, lamina folii coriacea.
Petiolus sulcatus. Pedunculus folio fere explanato synanthus
eoque fere duplo longior, nutans, subdensiflorus. Racemus gra-
cilis, 12-16 cm. longus. Bracteae inflorescentiae circa 5 mm.
longae, convolutae, glumaceae, ovaria pedicellata superantes, ob-
tusae, persistentes. Flores distichi, flavidi. Sepala lateralia 4.5-5
mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, ovato-lanceolata, subacuta, trinervia, ecari-
nata, nervo medio solo subtus prominenti. Sepalum dorsale 5
mm. longum, oblongum, obtusum, trinervium. Petala 4 mm.
longa, 2.5 mm. lata, cuneato-ovata, obtusa, trinervia. Labellum
simile, simplex, 4mm. longum, 2.5 mm. latum, breviter unguicu-
latum, prope basim incrassatum, ad apicem subacutum; discus
ecallosus, trinervius, nervis incrassatis. Columna crassa, 1.75 mm.
longa, columnae Dendrochil bicallost similis, lacinia utraque re-
ducta in dentem obtusum alae terminali adsistentem, cujus illa
pars fieri videtur; ala terminalis paucidentata.

Dendrochilum propinquum is anear ally of D. bicallosum Ames.
From this species it differs conspicuously in the ecallose lip which
is similar to the petals.

The structure of the column brings D. propinguum into that

[ 285 ]

ORCHIDACEE

small group of Philippine Dendrochilum species which appears
to be transitional between § Platyclinis and § Acoridium. The
lateral arms or stelidia are apical, but have the aspect of being
lobes of the terminal wing.

The flowers are reddish-brown in dried specimens. The col-
lector’s notes describe them as having been yellow in living
plants.

In fruiting specimens, surely referable to this species, the ma-
ture capsules are spherical and about 8 mm. in diameter.

The prominent marginal veins of the leaf are a conspicuous
differentiating character between this species and D. bicallosum.

Leyte, Jaro, C. 4. Wenzel 0805 (Type), December 27, 1914. Epiphyte
in forest. 700 meters altitude. Flowers yellow; Wenzel 0809, December

27, 1914. Epiphyte in forest. 700 meters altitude. Flowers yellow.

Dendrochilum (§ Acoridium) purpureum 4 mes sp. nov. Ra-
dices fibratae, validae, elongatae. Pseudobulbi +2 cm. longi, an-
guste pyriformes, in sicco rugosi, longitudinaliter et irregulariter
sulcati, statu juvenili vaginis arcte adpressis vestiti, monophylli.
Bracteae vel vaginae longe tubulatae, usque ad 7 cm. longae, in
sicco brunneae, petiolum folii occludentes. Folium cum petiolo
+1.5 dm. longum, 1—2 cm. latum, ligulatum, utrinque attenua-
tum, acutum, in sicco prominenter quinquenervium. Pedunculus
cum racemo usque ad 2.5 dm. longus, gracilis, folio longior, infra
inflorescentiam bracteis sterilibus imbricatis vestitus. Racemus
+8 cm. longus. Flores purpurei, distichi, in racemo subdenso dis-
positi, circa 2 mm. distantes, valde carnosi. Bracteae inflorescen-
tiae circa 2 mm. longae, glumaceae, ovaria pedicellata superantes,
obtusae. Pedicellus cum ovario vix 2 mm. longus. Sepala peta-
laque valde carnosa. Sepala lateralia circa 4 mm. longa, 2 mm.
lata, lanceolata, acuta, trinervia. Sepalum dorsale 5 mm. longum,
2 mm. latum, anguste oblongo-ellipticum, acutum, trinervium.

[286 J

ORCHIDACEA

Petala circa 4 mm. longa, 3 mm. lata, cuneato-ovata vel sagit-
tata, variabilia, acuminata, acuta, trinervia. Labellum simplex,
integrum, valde carnosum, 2 mm. longum, 1 mm. latum, trul-
liforme, obtusum, sessile, subcordatum, prope basim in foveam
excavatum, ecallosum. Gynostemium breve.

In general aspect this species resembles Dendrochilum philip-
pinense Pfitz., but is distinguishable from it by the simple trowel-
shaped labellum. When immature the pseudobulbs are concealed
by tubular bracts the lowermost of which are much reduced. The
uppermost bract conceals the petiole of the leaf and the base
of the peduncle. As the plants mature these bracts gradually
disintegrate and are finally represented only by fibrous remains.

Luzon, Apayo Province, Mount Pasoan, George Boettcher, January 1,

1918. 2000 meters altitude. Flowers purple.

Dendrochilum (§ Acoridium) sphacelatum (Ames) Pfitz.
in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV, 50. II. B. 7 (1907) 112.

The absence of this species from the wealth of material re-
ceived from the Philippines since 1905 had led me to believe
that it represented, perhaps, an aberrant form of the more com-
mon and widely distributed D. tenellum Ames. Very recently
George Boettcher visited the type station and secured an abun-
dance of specimens that correspond in detail with the type. A re-
examination of the material in my herbarium substantiates the
conclusions presented in Orchidaceae 1 (1905) 2, t. 1. D. sphace-
latum in its distribution confirms my belief that those species of
Dendrochilum that are alpestrine in their requirements are very
often confined to particular mountains or mountain ranges. This
is a subject on which the attention of collectors should be con-
centrated.

Luzon, Benguet Province, Mount Santo Tomas, George Boettcher, May

1918.

[ 287 ]

ORCHIDACE
MALAXIS Soland. ex Sw.

Malaxis cuneipetala Ames sp. nov. Radices fibratae. Caules
abbreviati, +3 cm. alti, vaginis foliorum obtecti. Folia conferta,
petiolata; lamina +1 dm. longa, usque ad 4.5 cm. lata, lanceolata
vel ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, acuta, chartacea, prominenter
septemnervia. Petiolus late sulcatus, +6 cm. longus, circa 6 mm.
latus, ad basim imbricatus. Pedunculus gracilis, elongatus, cum
racemo usque ad 2 dm. longus, multiflorus. Flores aurantiaci,
succedanei, in racemo subdenso dispositi. Bracteae inflorescentiae
demum dependentes, 3-10 mm. longae, in sicco chartaceae, line-
ari-lanceolatae, valde acutae. Pedicellus cum ovario circa 5 mm.
longus. Sepala lateralia 4 mm. longa, 3 mm. lata, orbicularia,
valde obtusa. Sepalum dorsale 5 mm. longum, 2.5 mm. latum,
oblongum, obtusum, trinervium, prope basim sensim attenua-
tum. Petala cuneiformia, usque ad 4.5 mm. longa, 3.5—4 mm.
lata, ad basim valde attenuata, unguiculata. Labellum cum au-
riculis circa 4.5 mm. longum, 2.5 mm. latum, ambitu ellipticum,
antice utrinque unilobulatum, lobo intermedio semirotundato,
bifido, .75 mm. longo, 1 mm. lato, auriculis 1.75 mm. longis,
circa 1 mm. latis, faleatis, obtusis, convergentibus. Gynostemium
breve.

Malaxis cuneipetala is remarkable because of its extraordina-
rily wide cuneiform or cuneate-rhombic petals which are wider
than the sepals. The front part of the labellum is trilobed at the
tip, the lateral lobes or rather lobules being much shorter and
narrower than the bifid middle lobe.

Leyte, C. A. Wenzel 0724, November 24, 1914. Terrestrial in forest.

800 meters altitude. Flowers orange.

Malaxis negrosiana 4 mes in Elmer Leaf. Phil. Bot. 5 (1912)
1561.

Several specimens from Leyte referable to this species exhibit
[ 288 ]

ORCHIDACE

slight differences from the type. The stems are shorter, about
2 cm. in length, tumid at the base. The plants are much smaller
with the lanceolate leaves 1 dm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, promi-
nently five-nerved. The peduncle including the raceme is about
1 dm. long. The auricles of the labellum are 1 mm. long.
Leyre, C. A. Wenzel 0641, November 12, 1914. Epiphyte. Flowers lilac.

600 meters altitude.

Malaxis propinqua Ames sp. nov. Herba parvula, terrestris,
8-15 cm. alta cum racemo, di- vel trifoliata. Caulis aliquid crassus,
2-3 cm. longus, ad basim tumidus vel bulbosus, bracteis tubu-
latis scariosis vestitus. Folia succulenta, conferta, inaequalia, 1.5—
4 cm. longa, 7-33 mm. lata, lanceolata et valde ovata, subacuta,
subcordata, amplexicaulia, conspicue quinque- ad septemnervia
in sicco. Scapus cum racemo 5.5-12 cm. longus, longitudinaliter
sulcatus, infra raceemum paucibracteatus. Bracteae inflorescentiae
+3 mm. longae, anguste lanceolatae, acuminatae, in sicco scario-
sae, dependentes. Racemus 2-7 cm. longus. Pedicellus cum ova-
rio circa 1 mm. longus, bracteis multo brevior. Sepala lateralia
2.5 mm. longa, elliptica, obtusa. Sepalum dorsale circa 3 mm.
longum, ellipticum, obtusum. Petala linearia, +3 mm. longa. La-
bellum crassum, 5 mm. longum, obscure trilobulatum infra co-
lumnam, subpanduriformi-sagittatum, apice profunde bifido, basi
auriculata; auriculae faleatae, subacutae, circa 1 mm. longae.
Callus in disco crescentiformis. Columna generis.

The nearest ally of Malaais propinqua seems to be M. Mackin-
nonii (Duthie) Ames comb. nov. (Microstylis Mackinnoni Duthie
in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 71, pt. 2 (1902) 37). In general aspect
there is a striking similarity between these two species, although
M. propingua appears to be normally smaller in its vegetative
parts. The callus on the disc of the labellum in M. propinqua
is a raised fleshy rim which divides the blade into basal and

[ 289 ]

ORCHIDACEA

apical parts. This fleshy rim crosses the disc in a circular line
at the point where the margin is indented to give the subpan-
duriform aspect described above. The labellum of M. Mackhin-
nonii, as it appears in specimens of the type number preserved
in my herbarium, is more strongly trilobed in front of the col-
umn than the labellum of M. propinqua. This trilobed condition
is clearly shown in the analytical drawings on plate 95 of Du-
thie’s Orchids of the Northwestern Himalayas (Ann. Roy. Bot.
Gard. Cale. 9, pt. 2 (1906)). From the tips of the falcate basal
lobes of the labellum to the tips of the terminal lobules WZ. Mac-
kinnoni, in specimens before me, measures 4 mm. in length.
The labellum of M. propingua measured similarly is 5 mm. long.
From the material I have examined, M. Mackinnoni, while it
sometimes bears three leaves, is usually bifoliate. All of the
specimens in my herbarium, in fact, are bifoliate. MZ. propinqua,
on the other hand, usually has a well-developed third leaf, and
from the material examined would seem to be rarely bifoliate.
These differences coupled with the widely separated habitats of
the specimens may be taken as safe guides to specific differen-
tiation.

Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Vanoverbergh 3916, July 19, 1914. On

hills. 1200 meters altitude. Flowers pinkish violet.

Malaxis Taylorii Ames sp. nov. Aff. M. Wenzelio. Caules
4.5 cm. longi, vaginis foliorum tecti, quadrifoliati. Folia cum
petiolo usque ad 1.5 dm. longa, +4 cm. lata, in siceco prominenter
quinquenervia, chartacea, ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, valde
acuta. Petioli usque ad 6 cm. longi, canaliculati. Pedunculus
2.8 cm. longus, gracilis, multiflorus. Flores subdensi, in racemo
elongato +1.5 dm. longo dispositi. Bracteae inflorescentiae line-
ares, usque ad 7 mm. longae. Pedicelli graciles, cum ovario 5 mm.
longi. Sepala lateralia 4.5-5 mm. longa, +2 mm. lata, oblique

[ 290 ]

ORCHIDACE

ovalia, obtusa, trinervia. Sepalum dorsale 5 mm. longum, circa
2 mm. latum, valde convexum, oblongo-ellipticum, obtusum.
Petala 5 mm. longa, linearia, uninervia. Labellum cum auriculis
7 mm. longum, 4 mm. latum, antice utrinque in dentes duos
fissum; lobus terminalis bifidus vel tridentatus dentibus lateral-
ibus longioribus; auriculae 3.5 mm. longae, acutae vel obtusae,
triangulares, elongatae; fovea margine superiore leviter semi-
lunato-incrassata. Gynostemium breve.

The type consists of a single plant preserved in the Herbarium
of the Bureau of Science at Manila. The leaves may be more
or less than four. The labellum indicates a wide range of vari-
ation in the shape, length and position of the teeth. The two
lateral teeth on each side of the tridentate or simply bifid mid-
dle lobe are narrowly triangular in shape, about 1 mm. long. The
middle lobe is variable, sometimes being deeply bifid. When it
is tridentate the lateral teeth are much longer than the middle
one. In the type the dried flowers are yellowish. The color of
fresh flowers is not described in the collector’s notes.

Minpanao, Agusan Province, EX. H. Taylor, April 10, 1913.

OBERONIA Lindi.

Oberonia leytensis Ames sp. nov. Herba tenella, epiphytica,
caulibus circa 3 cm. longis, dense 6-8-foliatis, basibus foliorum
omnino absconditis. Folia ensiformia, usque ad 3 cm. longa,
3-4 mm. lata a latere visa, incrassata, adscendentia, equitantia.
Pedunculus cum racemo usque ad 7 cm. longus, valde arcua-
tus, gracilis, circa 4 mm. in diametro. Bracteae inflorescentiae
pedicellis longiores, circa 1 mm. longae, triangulari-lanceolatae,
acutae, irregulariter denticulatae vel crenulatae. Flores subver-
ticillati, minuti, in racemo laxo dispositi, rubri (in sicco fla-
vidi). Pedicelli glabri, 1 mm. longi. Sepala lateralia 1 mm. longa,

[ 291 ]

ORCHIDACE

ovata, acuta. Sepalum dorsale simile. Petala oblonga vel sub-
spathulata, 1 mm. longa, valde obtusa. Labellum circa 1 mm.
longum, ad basim auriculato-cordatum, ad apicem rotundatum
bilobatum, prope medium leviter constrictum vel angustatum.
Columna simplex.

In habit Oberonia leytensis suggests O. brevifolia Lindl. The
sinus formed by the lobes of the lip is distinctly triangular. Five
or more flowers make up the whorls of the arching or droop-
ing raceme. O. mindorensis Ames has a very similar lip, but the
habit of the plant is much more robust and the petals are linear.
(PLATE 98.)

Leyte, C. A. Wenzel 0945, June 4, 1915. Epiphyte at sea level.

Oberonia surigaensis 4 mes sp. nov. Planta O. Wenzelio ha-
bitu omnino congruens. Radices valde elongatae, fibratae. Caules
abbreviati, +8 mm. longi, complanati. Folia usque ad 1.5 dm.
longa, 7-10 mm. lata a latere visa, falcata, prope basim equitan-
tia, quam inflorescentia longiora, super medium attenuata. Sca-
pus cum racemo circa 1 dm. longus, pergracilis, densiflorus, flori-
bus rubris. Racemus 9 cm. longus, 4 mm. in diametro. Flores
verticillati, minuti. Rachis costatus, glaber. Bracteae inflores-
centiae minutae, paucidenticulatae, triangulares, acutae. Sepala
lateralia circa 1mm. longa, triangulari-ovata, subacuta. Sepalum
dorsale simile. Petala anguste oblonga, vix .5 mm. lata, prope
apicem leviter dilatata et paucidenticulata. Labellum 1 mm.
longum, circa 1 mm. latum prope basim, concavum, profunde
retusum, ovatum, margine valde denticulatum, dentibus sim-
plicibus vel bifurcatis. Columna generis.

Oberonia surigaensis is closely related to O. Wenzel Ames,
from which species it differs in part in the denticulation of the
labellum. The teeth on the labellum of O. Wenzelii are confined

to the margin of the basal half and are inconspicuously, if at all,
[ 292 ]

ORCHIDACEA

bifurcated. In O. surigaensis the margin of the labellum is den-
ticulate up to the deeply retuse tip, some of the teeth being
conspicuously bifurcated. In dried specimens the labellum is pale
orange, the sepals and petals nearly white.
Minpanao, Surigao Province, C. A. Wenzel 01159, June 4, 1917. 150
meters altitude. Epiphyte in forest. Flowers red.

LIPARIS L. C. Rich.

Liparis jarensis Ames sp. nov. Aff. L. Glossulae Reichb. f.,
sed in habitu satis dissimilis. Herba epiphytica. Rhizoma repens.
Radices elongatae, patentes, albidae. Folium 2.5-4.5 dm. lon-
gum, 2.3-5 cm. latum, in sicco prominenter nervosum, petio-
latum; lamina oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, acuta, in sicco
chartacea, in petiolum elongatum sulcatum 4-6 cm. longum
contracta. Scapus cum racemo usque ad 3 dm. longus, quam
folium brevior, infra racemum paucibracteatus, bracteis acutis
3-4 cm. distantibus. Flores virides, in racemo laxo dispositi,
bracteis subtendentibus anguste lanceolatis, circa 1 cm. longis,
in sicco scariosis. Pedicelli graciles, elongati, cum ovario usque
ad 17 mm. longi, vix adscendentes. Sepala lateralia 1 cm. longa,
2 mm. lata, anguste oblonga, acuta. Sepalum dorsale angustius,
11 mm. longum, 1.5 mm. latum, acutum. Petala linearia, 13 mm.
longa, 1 mm. lata, uninervia. Labellum suborbiculare, 9 mm.
longum, 7.5 mm. latum, apiculatum, denticulatum, basim versus
cuneatum, prope basim columnae callus late crescentiformis
stat. Columna valde arcuata, super medium alata.

The flower indicates affinity with Liparis Glossula Reichb. f.,
but the leaves are much narrower than in that species. In several
specimens examined the leaf and flower shoot arise from between
two erect, rigid, ensiform foliaceous sheaths. By the time the leaf
has reached its normal size the flowers produced on the subtend-
ing scape begin to expand.

[ 293 }

ORCHIDACEA

Leyte, Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 0799 (Type), December 1, 1914. Epiphyte

in forest. 700 meters altitude. Flower green; Wenzel 0813, December 1,

1914. In forest. 700 meters altitude; Wenzel 0708, December 2, 1914.

Epiphyte. 600 meters altitude. Flower flesh color.

Liparis monophylla Ames sp.nov. Herba epiphytica. Pseudo-
bulbi approximati, 3-10 cm. longi, circa 1 cm. in diametro prope
basim pseudobulborum, juniores vaginis foliaceis inclusi, com-
planati, monophylli. Folium subcoriaceum, variabile, 1.5—4.5 dm.
longum, usque ad 7 cm. latum, prominenter nervosum, petiola-
tum; lamina elliptico-oblonga, acuta, utrinque attenuata, quam
pedunculus longior. Petiolus latus, circa 3 cm. longus. Bracteae
inflorescentiae +6 mm. longae, lineares, scariosae, acutae, in sicco
albidae, pedicellum aequantes vel excedentes. Pedunculus infra
racemum paucibracteatus, brevis, cum racemo 14—22 cm. longus.
Flores mediocres, numerosi, in racemo denso cylindraceo spicato
dispositi. Racemus +1.5 dm. longus, circa 1 cm. in diametro,
erectus, floribus approximatis. Sepala lateralia oblonga, 3.5 mm.
longa, utrinque angustata, subacuta, trinervia. Sepalum dorsale
simile. Petala 3.5 mm. longa, linearia, obtusa, uninervia. Label-
lum crassum, 3 mm. longum, 1.5 mm. latum prope medium, sub-
quadratum, truncatum, obtuse apiculatum, parte basali gynoste-
mio subparallela, parte apicali reflexa. Callus prope columnam
in disco labelli, minutus. Gynostemium circa 2 mm. longum,
arcuatum.

Liparis monophylla is similar in habit to L. serrulata Schltr.
It is separable from L. parviflora Lindl. by the form of the label-
lum and by the monophyllous pseudobulbs.

In the material examined the flower shoot was without excep-
tion much shorter than the leaf, even in fruiting specimens.

Leyte, Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 0673, November 7, 1914. Epiphyte in forest.
Flowers flesh color.

[ 294 ]

ORCHIDACEAE

Liparis pallida Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. (1830) 31; Mig. FI.
Ind. Bat. 3 (1859) 622; Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 22 (1886) 296.
Malaxis pallida Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 391. Leptorchis pallida O. K.
Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 671.

Leyte, Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 0930, January 30, 1915. In forest. 700
meters altitude. Flowers orange yellow; Wenzel 0908, March 1, 1915. In
forest. 600 meters altitude; Wenzel 0775, November 28, 1914. In forest.
500 meters altitude. Sepals and petals brown, labellum green.
Liparis rizalensis Ames sp. nov. Pseudobulbi approximati,

3-4 em. longi, lageniformes, complanati, in sicco valde rugosi,
di- vel triphylli. Folia 6-15 cm. longa, +2.5 cm. lata, articulata,
nervosa, coriacea, oblongo-oblanceolata, valde obtusa, quam in-
florescentia breviora. Pedunculus terminalis, cum racemo usque
ad 3 dm. longus, exalatus. Racemus usque ad 20 cm. longus,
sublaxus, multiflorus, arcuatus, cylindraceus, 2 cm. in diametro.
Flores +5 mm. distantes, in sicco flavescentes. Bracteae inflores-
centiae scariosae, +6 mm. longae, oblongo-lanceolatae, acumi-
natae, acutae, pedicellis longiores. Sepala lateralia 5 mm. longa,
1.75 mm. lata, anguste elliptica, obtusa, trinervia. Sepalum dor-
sale simile, valde convexum. Petala linearia, 5 mm. longa, .5 mm.
lata, obtusa. Labellum 6 mm. longum, crassum, margine minute
ciliolato; parte apicali usque ad medium bilobata, 3 mm. longa,
2.5 mm. lata, lobis irregulariter denticulatis; parte basali 3 mm.
longa, canaliculata, incrassata, gynostemio subparallela, prope
basim leviter bicarinata, cordata. Gynostemium incrassatum,
prope medium constrictum, prope apicem utrinque alatum.

Liparis rizalensis is a near ally of L. pallida Lindl., L. bicolor
J.J.Sm., and L. datifolha Lindl. The oblique carinate calli at the
base of the lip in front of the column and the three-leaved pseu-
dobulbs are distinguishing characters. It is a member of the large
and perplexing section Blepharoglossum.

[ 295 ]

ORCHIDACEA

Luzon, Rizal Province, M. Ramos Bur. Sci. 24070, December 14, 1915.
Epiphyte in river forest.

DENDROBIUM Sw.

Dendrobium (§ Ceratobium) busuangense Ames sp. nov.
Caules elongati, 2 m. alti vel altiores, +1 cm. in diametro, flavidi,
foliosi. Folia +7.5 cm. longa, +4.5 cm. lata, elliptica, obtusa, valde
coriacea, in sicco prominenter nervosa, inaequaliter bilobulata.
Vaginae tubulatae, internodiis subaequilongae vel paulo brevi-
ores. Inflorescentiae laxe racemosae, plus minusve quindecim-
florae, pedunculo tereti, +5 dm. longo, nonnullis vaginulis tubu-
latis donato, rachide circa 2 dm. longa. Bracteae inflorescentiae
triangulares, acutae, 3 mm. longae. Pedicellus cum ovario gra-
cilis, 4-5 cm. longus. Sepala lateralia 2.5 cm. longa, triangularia,
obtusa, apiculata, cum pede gynostemii mentum 1 cm. longum
acutum formantia. Sepalum dorsale 2.5 cm. longum, 8 mm. la-
tum, oblongo-lanceolatum, obtusum, septemnervium. Petala 3.5—
3.8 cm. longa, 5 mm. lata, erecta, torta, haud undulata, oblonga,
obtusa. Labellum 3.2 cm. longum, trilobulatum, subtus canali-
culato-concavum, supra tricostatum costa intermedia apice ali-
formi-elevata; lobi laterales semiovati, margine undulati et irreg-
ulariter denticulati ; lobus medius +1 cm. longus, vix 1 cm. latus,
oblongus, obtusus. Gynostemium bialatum. Clinandrium dentic-
ulatum.

Dendrobium busuangense is a near ally of D. conanthum Schltr.
The general aspect and habit of the plant suggest D. tawrinum
Lindl., the only other representative of the section Ceratobium
known to occur in the Philippine Islands, but it is easily distin-
guishable from that species by the very different labellum and by
the color of the flowers. The sepals and mentum are very pale
lavender-purple. The twisted petals and the labellum are green-

[ 296 ]

ORCHIDACE

ish, tinged with lavender-purple. The carinae of the labellum ex-
tend onto the middle lobe, the lateral ones terminating in mi-
nute rounded wart-like protuberances. ‘Toward the base and mid-
dle of the labellum the lateral carinae are much higher than
elsewhere. The middle carina is represented by a thickening of
the mid-nerve until it reaches the mid-lobe on which it termi-
nates in an erect plate nearly 4 mm. high. In this respect the
general appearance of the middle carina recalls D. conanthum.
(PLATE 101.)

CatamiANEs Istanps, Busuanga, &. H. Taylor, October 1918. Type
from a plant cultivated at Manila. (The flowers last about two months.)
Dendrobium (§ Rhopalanthe) polytrichum Ames in Phil.

Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) 328; Orchidaceae 2 (1908) 183.

The use of the stems of this species in decorative workin weav-
ing recalls the similar use of Dendrobium utile J. J. Sm. in the
Moluccas where the stems enter into the fabrication of small
articles such as cigar pouches.

Luzon, Mrnporo.

ERIA Lindl.

Eria mindanaensis 4 mes in Elmer's Leaflets of Phil. Bot. 5
(1912) 1577.

The original specimens of this species were secured by A. D.
EK. Elmer on Mount Giting-giting on the island of Sibuyan.
Why the specific name mindanaensis was given to it I am un-
able to explain. The only material I have seen, aside from speci-
mens recently received from Panay, is that which constitutes
the type in my herbarium. I have not received any specimens
from Mindanao that are referable to the Sibuyan plants. In June
1919 A. Martelino and G. Edajio collected on Mount Salibong-
bong, Capiz Province, Panay, and among other orchids they se-

[ 297 ]

ORCHIDACEE

cured excellent material of EL. mindanaensis. While working on
this material for the Bureau of Science Herbarium I discovered
the error herein noted.

IsLanp oF Panay, Capiz Province, Mount Salibongbong, Martelino &
Edajiio Bur. Sci. 35633, Jane 21, 1919. Summit of the mountain. 2000
feet altitude. Sepals and petals yellow, lip pink; Libacao, Capiz Province,
Martelino & Edaiio Bur. Sci. 25379, June 12, 1919. On tree at low alti-
tude. Flowers white. Stems 1.5 dm. tall.

AGROSTOPHYLLUM Bi.

Agrostophyllum leytense Ames sp. nov. Herba gracilis.
Caules elongati, vaginis foliorum obtecti, +2 dm. longi, valde
complanati. Folia disticha, +2 cm. longa, +4 mm. lata, obcu-
neato-oblonga, bilobata, breviter mucronata. Vaginae foliorum
caulem obtegentes, bicuspidatae, circa 7 mm. longae, longitu-
dinaliter rugosae. Flores in capitulis sublaxis circa 1 em. longis
dispositi, albidi. Pedunculi abbreviati, vaginulis paucis imbri-
cantibus obtecti. Bracteae flores subtendentes glumaceae, ob-
longo-lanceolatae. Sepala lateralia circa 3.5 mm. longa, prope
basim 2.5 mm. lata, late triangulari-ovata, acuta, mentum aper-
tum formantia. Sepalum dorsale 3.5 mm. longum, oblongo-
ovatum, valde concavum. Petala circa 3 mm. longa, subspathu-
lata, acuta. Labellum circa 3.5 mm. longum, leviter saccatum
vel valde concavum prope columnam, oblongo-ovatum, subacu-
tum, ecallosum, marginibus involutis. Gynostemium breve, in-
crassatum.

Agrostophyllum leytense is allied to A. celebicum Schltr. and
A. stipulatum Schltr.

Leyte, Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 0597 (Type), October 13, 1914. In forest.
700 meters altitude. Sepals and petals white. Lip yellowish; Wenzel 0632,
November 10, 1914. Epiphyte in forest. 600 meters altitude; Wenzel
0654, November 14, 1914. Epiphyte in forest. 600 meters altitude.

[ 298 ]

ORCHIDACE

SPATHOGLOTTIS Bi.

Spathoglottis Vanoverberghii Ames sp. nov. S. tomen-
tosa Ames Orch. 2 (1908) 163, non Lindl. (as to specimens from
Luzon). Pseudobulbi breviter cylindracei, circa 3 cm. longi,
2.5 cm. in diametro prope basim, valde rugosi, vaginis tecti. Fo-
lia (non visa) in anthesi absunt. Pedunculus +2 dm. altus, rigi-
dus, erectus, superne minute tomentosus, infra raceemum_brac-
teis quattuor +15 mm. longis tubularibus oblique truncatis acu-
tis. Bracteae inflorescentiae +1 cm. longae, cymbiformes, late
ovatae, dense pubescentes, pedicellis breviores. Flores succe-
danei, in racemo usque ad 18 cm. longo dispositi; rachis sub
anthesi abbreviata. Pedicelli cum ovario graciles, pubescentes,
2-3 cm. longi. Sepala lateralia +2 cm. longa, 7-8 mm. lata, el-
liptico-lanceolata, acuta, pubescentia. Sepalum dorsale simile.
Petala 2 cm. longa, 12-13 mm. lata, late ovata, obtusa. Label-
lum 1.3-1.4 cm. longum, trilobatum; lobi laterales 1-1.2 cm.
longi, usque ad 6 mm. lati, oblongi, subdolabriformes ; lobus
medius 1.1 cm. longus, unguiculatus, prope basim bilobulatus
lobulis pubescentibus, apice flabellatus, retusus; in disco, prope
basim labelli, callo crescentiformi valde incrassato. Gynostemium
circa 18 mm. longum, gracile, arcuatum, utrinque alatum.

Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Father M. Vanoverbergh 163, December
18, 1910.

BULBOPHYLLUM Thou.

Bulbophyllum ({Sestochilus) costatum Ames sp. nov. Ra-
dices fibratae, ramosae. Rhizoma repens, lignosum. Pseudobulbi
2-3 cm. longi, pyriformes, rugosi, circa 2 cm. inter se, mono-
phylli. Folium cum petiolo +1.3 dm. longum, 3—4 cm. latum,
erectum, valde coriaceum, oblongo-ellipticum. Petiolus +3 cm.
longus, rigidus. Scapus +7 em. longus, a basi pseudobulbi ortus,

[ 299 ]

ORCHIDACE

erectus, foliis brevior, uniflorus, paucibracteatus, bracteis tubu-
laribus 1-1.5 cm. longis. Sepala lateralia 2.8 cm. longa, +8 mm.
lata, lanceolata, acuta, septemnervia, purpureo-striata. Sepalum
dorsale 2.8 cm. longum, valde concavum, extus quinquecosta-
tum costis valde pustulatis, purpureo-maculatum, acutum. Pe-
tala vix 3 cm. longa, prope basim 6 mm. lata, triangulari-falcata,
usque ad apicem attenuata, acuta, purpureo-maculata, pustulata.
Labellum vix 1 cm. longum, valde curvatum, linguiforme, disco
bicarinato, retusum vel bilobulatum, extus et intus minute glan-
duloso-pubescens, prope apicem pustulatum. Stelidia gynostemil
3 mm. longa.
Allied to Bulbophyllum maculosum Ames, but distinct from
that species in the elongated scapes and blunt-tipped leaves.
Leyrtz, C. A. Wenzel 0665, November 15, 1914. Epiphyte in forest.
600 meters altitude. Flowers yellow marked with six purple stripes on
the lateral sepals and spotted with purple on the upper sepal and petals.
Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) hortensoides Ames sp. nov.
Radices numerosae, fibratae, elongatae. Rhizoma repens, pseu-
dobulbis approximatis, more sectionis quam maxime subpressis,
+4 mm. altis, circa 6 mm. in diametro, unifoliatis. Folium cori-
aceum, cum petiolo 2.5-3.5 dm. longum; lamina 2 dm. longa,
usque ad 4.5 cm. lata, anguste oblongo-elliptica, in sicco valde
nervosa, nervis prominentibus. Petiolus circa 9 cm. longus, circa
4 mm. in diametro, sulcatus, rigidus, in sicco valde rugosus,
subteres. Scapus +20 cm. longus, a basi pseudobulbi ortus, cum
racemo foliis brevior, infra racemum bracteis laxis ancipitibus
imbricantibus. Racemus +12 cm. longus, densiflorus, cylindra-
ceus, +1 cm. in diametro, bracteosus. Bracteae inflorescentiae
5-10 mm. longae, in sicco scariosae, lineari-triangulares, acumi-
natae, pedicello cum ovario longiores. Flores flavidi. Sepala lat-
eralia triangularia, circa 1 cm. longa, prope basim vix 3 mm. lata,

[ 300 ]

ORCHIDACEA

trinervia, caudata. Sepalum dorsale 9 mm. longum, triangulari-
lanceolatum, acutum. Petala minuta, 2 mm. longa, .75 mm. lata,
oblonga, acuta, uninervia. Labellum vix 3 mm. longum, lingu-
latum, trilobatum; lobi laterales erecti, rotundati; lobus medius
oblongus, obtusus, callo oblongo in disco, minute verruculosus.
Gynostemium antice bicuspidatum.

Closely allied with Bulbophyllum hortense J.J. Sm. which has
longer, looser racemes and very different flowers in which the
lateral sepals are more caudate at the tip and less triangular.
B. odoratum Lindl., another nearly related species, is in part dis-
tinguished by its triangular sepals that are hardly, if at all, cau-
date. Among Philippine species, B. hortensoides is most closely
allied with B. leytense Ames, from which it differs in the struc-
ture of the labellum. Asin B. prianganense J.J.Sm., B. hortense
J.J. Sm. and B. leytense Ames, the scape is concealed from
its base to the lowermost flower of the raceme by conspicuous,
ancipitous, imbricating, foliaceous sheaths. The elongated callus,
rounded in front, that reaches almost to the apex of the mid-
dle lobe of the labellum is of diacritical value in separating
B. hortensoides from its Philippine allies. When highly magni-
fied the sepals are pustulose.

Leyte, Jaro, C. 4. Wenzel 0771 (Type), November 28, 1914. In for-
est. Epiphyte. 600 meters altitude. Flowers yellow; Wenzel 0649, No-
vember 13, 1914. In forest. 600 meters altitude.

Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) jarense Ames sp. nov. Radi-
ces fibratae, circa 2 mm. in crassitudine, numerosae. Pseudo-
bulbi valde abbreviati, circa 6 mm. alti, +5 mm. in diametro, lon-
gitudinaliter rugosi, vaginis mox in fibras solutis inclusi, mono-
phylli. Folium longe petiolatum, cum petiolo +3.5 dm. longum,
valde coriaceum, rigidum; lamina anguste elliptica vel oblance-
olata, circa 25 cm. longa, 7.5-10 cm. lata, obtusa, nervosa; peti-

[ 301 ]

ORCHIDACE

olus circa 1 dm. longus, sulcatus, in sicco. 3 mm. in diametro.
Scapus elongatus, circa 3.5 dm. longus, gracilis, infra racemum
bracteis 2.5-3.5 cm. longis, laxis ancipitibus approximatis vix im-
bricantibus vestitus. Racemus elongatus, usque ad 27 cm. longus,
circa 2 cm. in diametro, subdensiflorus. Bracteae inflorescentiae
6-7 mm. longae, lineari-triangulares, in sicco scariosae, acutae,
pedicellis longiores. Pedicellus cum ovario 3 mm. longus, glaber.
Flores numerosi, circa 8 mm. longi, glabri. Sepala lateralia line-
ari-triangularia, circa 8 mm. longa, prope medium 1.5 mm. lata,
prope apicem valde incrassata, sulcata, breviter caudata, men-
tum rotundatum formantia. Sepalum dorsale simile, marginibus
involutis. Petala vix 7 mm. longa, .5 mm. lata, linearia, acuta,
super medium usque ad apicem incrassata. Labellum 3 mm.
longum, lingulatum, limbo anguste oblongo-lanceolato; lobi
laterales ‘rotundati, erecti; discus bicarinatus, carinis elongatis,
flexuosis. Gynostemium crassum, antice bicuspidatum, cuspidi-
bus elongatis, valde acutis.

Bulbophyllum jarense is a near relative of B. hortensoides from
which species it is distinguishable through its longer petals, bi-
carinate lip and denser racemes of flesh colored flowers spotted
with red.

Leyte, Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 0761, November 27, 1914. Epiphyte in for-
est. 500 meters altitude. Flowers flesh color and red.

Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) masaganapense Ames sp.
nov. Rhizoma repens. Radices numerosae, ramosae, glabrae.
Pseudobulbi abbreviati, 3-4 mm. alti, +38 em. distantes, mono-
phylli. Folium cum petiolo 14-30 cm. longum, coriaceum, erec-
tum, in sicco nervosum; lamina oblonga, 9-19 cm. longa, circa
3 cm. lata, utrinque attenuata, obtusa, petiolo rigido +6 cm.
longo sulcato. Scapus 10-21 em. longus, adscendens, infra race-
mum bracteis tubulatis usque ad 2 cm. longis vestitus. Racemus

[ 302 ]

ORCHIDACE/#

laxiflorus, +1 dm. longus, +1 em. in diametro. Bracteae inflo-
rescentiae lanceolatae, +8 mm. longae. Flores albidi, circa 1 em.
longi, carnosi. Sepala lateralia circa 9 mm. longa, basi 4.5 mm.
lata, triangularia, breviter caudata, prope apicem marginibus in-
volutis, mentum apertum formantia. Sepalum dorsale oblongum,
8.5 mm. longum, 2.5 mm. latum, super medium attenuatum,
acuminatum, acutum, trinervium, ad basim concavum. Petala
quam sepala multo minora, 4.5 mm. longa, circa 2 mm. lata,
subspathulata, obtusa, minute papillosa, carnosa, nervo medio
conspicuo. Labellum 5.5 mm. longum, carnosum, lingulatum, la-
mina super lobos laterales anguste elliptica, obtusa ; lobi laterales
semiorbiculares ; discus prope basim bicallosus, callis carnosis pa-
pilliformibus.Gynostemium breve, antice breviter bicuspidatum.

Bulbophyllum masaganapense is closely related to B. leytense
Ames from which it differs in its greater size, looser raceme,
larger flowers and longer floral bracts.

Leyte, Jaro, Masaganap, C. A. Wenzel 0681, November 19, 1914. Epi-
phyte in forest. 600 meters altitude. Flower white.

Bulbophyllum (§ Pelma) philippinense Ames sp. nov. Rhi-
zoma flexuosum, elongatum. Pseudobulbi arcte adpressi, 1.5—2
em. longi, remoti, fusiformes, monophylli, in sicco valde longitu-
dinaliter rugosi, flavidi, leviter arcuati. Folium 3-6 cm. longum,
5-13 mm. latum, oblongo-lanceolatum, utrinque attenuatum,
acutum, breviter petiolatum, in sicco vix coriaceum, nervosum.
Inflorescentiae ad nodos rhizomatis, brevissimae, racemosae,
pauciflorae, circa 1 cm. longae. Bracteae inflorescentiae infundi-
buliformes, scariosae, circa 2 mm. longae. Flores parvi, sepala
petalaque carnea, labello aurantiaco. Sepala lateralia 2.5 mm.
longa, 1 mm. lata, lanceolata, ad apicem cucullato-conduplicata,
apiculata, carinata. Sepalum dorsale simile, 2 mm. longum. Pe-
tala cuneato-oblonga, truncato-obtusa, circa 1.5 mm. longa,

[ 303 ]

ORCHIDACE

uninervia. Labellum 1 mm. longum, circa 1 mm. latum, circa
.5 mm. in crassitudine, quadrilaterum, cum pede columnae con-
tinuum, infra apicem insertum, postice excavatum. Pes colum-
nae ad apicem liber, erectus, lamellam transversam simulans.

Bulbophyllum philippinense is a member of the group to which
belong B. colliferum J. J.Sm., B. fractiflecum J.J.Sm., and B.
Pelma J.J.Sm.From the nearly related B. absconditum J. J. Sm.
and B. neo-caledonicum Schltr. it is distinguished by the several-
flowered inflorescence. For the species of this alliance Schlech-
ter has proposed the section Pelma based on the bitypic genus
Pelma proposed by A. Finet. In Fedde’s Repertorium 10 (1912)
488, J. J. Smith had previously suggested the advisability of
uniting B.absconditum and B. subcubicum J. J.Sm. into a section
for which the name Pelma might well be adopted. Schlechter in-
cludes in § Pelma a number of species that have more than one
flower on the peduncle and thus differ from the species on which
Finet relied for the characterization of his genus. The foot of the
column is free and erect and at the tip appears like a transverse
lamella. The labellum is inserted below the tip of the column-
foot on its outer side. As at present limited the section Pelma
includes no less than twenty-seven species, the greater part of
which are natives of New Guinea.

Leyte, Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 0659, November 13, 1914. Epiphyte in for-
est. 500 meters altitude. Sepals and petals flesh color, labellum orange.
Bulbophyllum (§ Racemosae) sempiternum Ames sp. nov.

Rhizoma longe repens, radicibus flexuosis instructum. Pseudo-
bulbi subapproximati vel 2 cm. distantes, parvi, cylindracei, 2-3
mm. alti, longitudinaliter rugosi, monophylli. Folium cum peti-
olo +20 cm. longum, +2 cm. latum, variabile, anguste oblongo-
oblanceolatum, ad basim valde attenuatum, obtusum, valde cori-
aceum; petiolus +5 cm. longus, rigidus, erectus, sulcatus; lamina

[ 304 ]

ORCHIDACEA

+15 cm. longa, nervosa, nervo intermedio prominenti. Scapus
cum racemo +38 dm. longus, gracilis, infra racemum bracteis
tubulatis vestitus. Bracteae inflorescentiae 5-10 mm. longae, ri-
gidae, triangulari-lanceolatae, valde acutae, +5 mm. distantes,
quam pedicellus cum ovario longiores. Racemus elongatus, +15
em. longus. Flores carnei et aurantiaci, numerosi, succedanei,
eodem tempore perpauci aperti. Sepala Jateralia 5 mm. longa,
triangularia, acuta, carnosa, mentum apertum formantia. Se-
palum dorsale 5 mm. longum, oblongo-lanceolatum, concavum.
Petala 2 mm. longa, lanceolata. Labellum 2.5 mm. longum,
linguiforme, carnosum, ecallosum. Gynostemium breve, antice
bicuspidatum.

This species is represented in my herbarium by numerous
specimens that exhibit a wide range of variation. The rigid
bracts of the inflorescence, that in dried specimens have the ap-
pearance of thorns or spines; the elongated racemes, that some-
times have expanding flowers at the tip and ripe capsules at
the base; the narrowly oblong-oblanceolate leaves, that in dried
specimens take on a bronzy hue are characteristics that set this
species apart from its Philippine allies. The flowering season
must bea long one, as the flowers seem to open in succession,
few being expanded at one time.

Leyte, C. A. Wenzel 0595 (Type), October 12, 1914. Flowers flesh
color, lip orange; Wenzel 0893, February 28, 1915. In forest. 700 meters
altitude; Wenzel 0589, October 10, 1914; Wenzel 0260, February 11,
1914. 750 meters altitude; Wenzel 0555, October 1, 1914. 500 meters al-
titude; Wenzel O0S41, February 10, 1915. 500 meters altitude; Wenzel
0287, March 4, 1914; Wenzel 0849, February 11, 1915. 600 meters alti-
tude; Wenzel 0607, October 23, 1914; Wenzel 0675, November 17, 1914.
600 meters altitude; Wenzel 0546, September 27, 1914. 700 meters alti-
tude; Wenzel 0810, December 31,1914.700 meters altitude; Wenzel 0845,
February 11, 1915. 600 meters altitude; Wenzel 0573. 700 meters alti-
tude; Wenzel 0472, June 26, 1914. 500 meters altitude; Wenzel 0820,
December 15,1914. 700 meters altitude; Wenzel 0610, November 7, 1914.

[ 305 ]

ORCHIDACEA

500 meters altitude; Wenzel 0913, February 2, 1915. 500 meters alti-
tude; Wenzel 0524, September 9,1914. 500 meters altitude; Wenzel 0751,
November 25, 1914. 500 meters altitude; Wenzel 0442, June 10, 1914.
500 meters altitude.

GEODORUM Jackson.

Geodorum nutans (Pres!) Ames Orchidaceae 2 (1908) 164.

Native names for this species are Camaog, Luli lubi and Cola
from the Spanish cola meaning glue. This plant is used for its
adhesive properties. The rhizomes are split and the pulp rubbed
on surfaces that are to be fastened together. It serves in the
Philippines as a glue in the manufacture of musical instruments.
The economic importance of the plant is indicated in Blanco’s
name, Arethusa glutinosa. The rhizomes contain about fourteen
per cent of a water-soluble adhesive. Cf. Wells in Phil. Journ.
Sci. 14 (1919) 4.

Basuyanes IsLanps, Luzon, NEcros, Minpanao, PaLawan, POo.ito.

ACRIOPSIS Reinw. ex BI.

Acriopsis floribunda 4 mes sp. nov. Planta Acriopsi javani-
cae habitu omnino congruens, pseudobulbis caespitosis, 4-7 cm.
longis, ovatis, costatis et annulatis, foliis ternis, coriaceis, ob-
longo-ligulatis, erecto-patentibus, acutis vel subobtusis, +1.5 dm.
longis, 8-18 mm. latis. Scapus +3 dm. longus, gracillimus, erec-
tus, plus minusve flexuosus, vaginis nonnullis late ovatis amplec-
tentibus. Flores numerosi, in panicula laxa dispositi. Bracteae In-
florescentiae minutae, 1 mm. longae, acutae, in sicco scariosae,
quam pedicellus multo breviores. Pedicellus cum ovario +6 mm.
longus, pergracilis, glaber. Sepala subpatentia, ligulata, obtusa,
lateralia ad apicem inter se connata, 8 mm. longa, +2 mm. lata,
valde convexa vel cymbiformia. Sepalum dorsale 8 mm. longum,
arcuatum, valde concavum, obtusum. Petala obovato-spathulata,

[ 306 ]

ORCHIDACE

obtusissima, sepalis paulo breviora, quinquenervia, 3 mm. lata
prope apicem. Labellum 6 mm. longum, trilobum, basi fere us-
que ad stigma columnae connatum, deinde liberum, porrectum,
late et breviter unguiculatum; lobi laterales 1 mm. longi, sub-
quadrati; lobus medius elongatus, anguste spathulatus, valde ob-
tusus, +4 mm. longus, 1 mm. latus prope apicem; discus inter
lobos laterales longitudinaliter bilamellatus, lamellis membrana-
ceis erectis, in appendices duas quadratas productus. Columna
more generis elongata, basi antice ungue labelli connata, calcar
gibbosum formans. Clinandrium more generis permagnum, cu-
cullatum, marginibus crenulatum, antheram obtusam occludens.
Rostellum triangulare. Stelidia (vel appendices stigmaticae) an-
tice producta, rostello duplo longiora, obtusa, ad apicem callosa.
Pollinia elongata, 1 mm. longa, utrinque attenuata.

A criopsis floribunda is similar to A. sumatrana Schitr. in the
crenulate margined clinandrium. It is at once separable from
A. javanica Reinw. ex Bl. by means of the much larger flowers,
the elongated linear-spatulate middle lobe of the labellum and
the callosities of the stelidia tips of the column.

Bucas GranvE Istanp, Ramos & Pascasio Bur. Sci. 35112, June 10,
1919. In dry forest on trunk of tree. Flowers greenish yellow.
Acriopsis indica Wight Icon. 5 (1852) t. 1748, f. 1.

This species has not heretofore been reported as a native of the
Philippines. It is readily distinguished from Acriopsis floribunda
and A. javanica by the simple labellum.

Luzon, Kalinga Subprovince, George Boettcher, 1918. Flowers yellow.
Inp1a, Java, Borneo.

KINGIELLA Rolfe.
Kingiella philippinensis (Ames) Rolfe in Orch. Rev. 25
(1917) 197. Doritis philippinensis Ames Orch. 2 (1908) 285, fig.

The type of the genus Doritis, .D. pulcherrima Lindl., proves
[ 307 ]

ORCHIDACEA

to be Phalaenopsis Esmeralda Reichb. f. Rolfe maintains this
species as a true Doritis and for the species referred to Doritis
proposes a new generic concept with the name Kingvella.

Luzon, PALAWAN.

VANDA Jones.

Vanda luzonica Loher ex Rolfe in Orch. Rev. 23 (1915) 187,
f. 12, p. 8371; Bot. Mag. (1917) t. 8709.

Pedicel and ovary white. Flowers odorless. Sepals white, ir-
regularly splotched and stained near the apex with rose purple.
Petals similar, but with the purplish markings extending in
broken lines to the base. Labellum rose purple with six purple
basal lines; lateral lobes white. Spur white. This description was
taken from a fresh specimen which bloomed in the collection of
Edwin S. Webster at Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, in January
1920. This specimen differs from the one figured in the Botanical
Magazine in that the purple markings on the sepals and petals
are diffuse and not concentrated.

Vanda tricolor Lindl. is the nearest relative of the species.

Luzon.

EUANTHE Sciltr.

Euanthe Sanderiana Schitr. Die Orchideen (1915) 567.
Esmeralda Sanderiana Reichb. f: in Gard. Chron. n. s. 17 (1882)
588. Vanda Sanderiana Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. n. s. 17 (1882)
588.

Minpanao.

SACCOLABIUM Bl.

Saccolabium tenellum 4mes sp. nov. Herba epiphytica.
Caulis brevis, vix 1 cm. altus, complanatus, vaginis foliorum ob-
tectus. Folia 2-3 cm. longa, +7 mm. lata, oblongo-lanceolata,

[ 308 ]

ORCHIDACE

inaequaliter bilobata, quam pedunculus breviora. Pedunculus
cum racemo 3-6 em. longus, multiflorus, angulatus. Bracteae in-
florescentiae +1 mm. longae, pedicellis breviores, lineari-lance-
olatae. Racemus usque ad 4 cm. longus. Flores minuti, virides,
labello albido. Sepala petalaque uninervia. Sepala lateralia circa
2mm. longa, prope apicem incrassata. Sepalum dorsale simile.
Petala subspathulata, obtusa. Labellum circa 2 mm. longum,
leviter trilobatum, basi gynostemii adfixum, profunde saccatum ;
lobi laterales vix distincti; lobus medius carnosus, semiovatus,
obtusus. Gynostemium generis, apodum. (PLATE 99.)
Leyrr, C. A. Wenzel 0988, April 18, 1912. In forest at sea level.

POMATOCALPA Breda.

Pomatocalpa Merrillii Sch/tr. in Fedde Rep. Beihefte 1
(1913) 988. Cleisostoma Kunstleri 4 mes in Phil. Journ. Sci. C.
Bot. 6 (1911) 54, not Hook. f.

Necros, Poiitio, PERAK.

MICROSACCUS Bi.

Microsaccus brevifolius J. J. Sm. in Ic. Bogor. 3 (1906) 638,
t. 225.

Material that agrees satisfactorily with Smith’s diagnosis of
M. brevifolius has recently been received from Mindanao, Dis-
trict of Davao. It is the second representative of the genus to
be reported from the Philippines. From M. Wenzel Ames it is
separable through the more slender habit, the distichous equi-
tant leaves being only about 1 cm. long.

Mrxpanao, District of Davao, Madaum, C. 4. Wenzel 010003, Decem-
ber 20, 1915. Found at sea level. Epiphyte in forest.

[ 309 ]

ORCHIDACE

TAENIOPHYLLUM Bi.

Taeniophyllum leytense Ames sp. nov. Herba epiphytica,
polyrhiza, radicibus numerosissimis, filiformibus, elongatis, flex-
uosis, glabris, applanatis, patentibus, 2-10 cm. longis, 1-1.5 mm.
latis. Caules vix distincti. Scapus gracilis, usque ad 4.5 em. lon-
gus, vix .5 mm. in crassitudine. Racemus usque ad 2 cm. longus,
fractiflexus, floribus 2 mm. longis, viridibus; sepalis circa 2 mm.
longis, lineari-lanceolatis, acutis, usque ad medium fere cum pet-
alis connatis, lateralibus margine anteriore liberis. Petala sepalis
latiora. Labellum concavum, lanceolatum, acutum; lamina lan-
ceolata,apice superne appendice subulata refracta donato. Saccus
rotundatus, lateraliter compressus. Gynostemium incrassatum,
minutum.

This species is closely allied to Taeniophyllum usneoides Schitr.
from Celebes, but is smaller with much more slender and shorter
scapes. Also closely allied to 7. glandulosum Bl. from Java.

Leyte, C. A. Wenzel 0998, May 14, 1916. At sea level.

The preceding papers in this series were published in the Philippine Jour-
nal of Science: J in vol. 4. C. Botany, pp. 593-600; II in vol. 4. C. Botany,
pp. 663-676 ; IIT in vol. 6. C. Botany, pp. 35-56; IV in vol. 7. C. Botany,
pp. 1-27; V in vol. 7. C. Botany, pp. 125-143; VI in vol. 8. C. Botany,
pp- 407-440.

[ 310 ]

PLATE 98

ORCHIDACEZ

Pate 98: Oberonia leytensis
Plant, drawn natural size. Flower much enlarged.

[ 312 ]

oo $ 2
a, oR
es el OPO,
Coe Saas
CR eo
~ ae ree) e
GR oi
Cs oy
>
Y a
Mas \G
4 ae

OBERONIA € ylensis Ames

diye |. agenda taints

c
"
tA) eh ay Loy Pipe gtiam no
>.
'
!
i
4
j 4
' 1
ts i ; +
| ¥ p ‘ ; wy J y ¥
4 m:¢ al ©
y - aig a4 me a
mye L WAY hy ww LL AIRY Lat
pi 4) 50 ‘ sph at ea ee
wale + 4
a *
é
A x
< -
ey }
'
5 -
; ‘
; s ;
On)
"9 Ja

Va

tt ib hy : | Ji . J m

uJ ine ta ‘ I yee J
> 1 ‘ ‘ ’ q i

hs ee ee i a a ae ; 7) ‘ ere ry 4

Walk } bp. ee * or ! | Ly; I 4 7 in : La i +

er Mares Rene se ea vs an Nee si he ty eae Tah WAR er ok Ayer ie

PLATE 99

ORCHIDACEZ

Priate 99: Saccolabium tenellum
Plant, drawn natural size. Flower much enlarged.

[ 314 ]

SACCOLABIUM éenel@GmeAmes

' t ‘
: , je Ae ks Ph ~

— i ¥ hae pina ee rth » AS OM. b>
an ewe. Ve i ee

ay 5
i
Phin, ea ae
. ae
u AA
bai ‘ 4a
:
A 7 “
v ‘ railgs weg ey
i ‘
+, Meme ds acne eh Pat all MEETS «BOO?
“7 z ee GA yaiedey eG © G7 mm? all * o@ ¥ ‘ ees
5 -
»
*
s
; ‘Ne A
‘
phy y he
“iM ) why i f ' >
ry: in k 7 . a
; ry) if i : : . i; a
; AG
7 ed yw i ;
a) y Ae = | }
Gay) ik Pareto a a! is

PLATE 100

ORCHIDACE

Priate 100: Philippinaea Wenzel
I. Plant reduced one half. II. Inflorescence nat-
ural size. 1, labellum and gynostemium, pollinia
removed. 2, labellum and gynostemium, pollinia
in position. 3, pollinia. 4, labellum sac open to
show clavate processes on the lateral wall.

[ 316 ]

PHILIPPINAEA y)
Wer; e bi ) 4
Cf SAlir Echmes ¥ \ ‘) i

>.

Y00

"ad

j
s
i) *
|
j
i
'
yy
a
ronda
A.
4

3
yt

Ab, V3.) AG NRT Oe a
’ - ’ J

.

$a ty
! ‘ 2,
‘ Wee ia
i
‘a
,
ap ’
a

sti eh!

+

PLATE 101

ORCHIDACEA

PriaTtE 101: Dendrobium buswangense

Plant and inflorescence, drawn natural size. Lip,
drawn natural size. All drawn from the type.

[ 3187]

ge MMTY

DENDROBIUM Ee gense eo a

4.

=e

%
Sl S go wh ioe yon

?

in
ay
‘
'
i
i
> pts paw “7

, sea? Pig bisa rw

at ek

PM HAQSMIS

-

«
>

-

SUMMARY OF NEW GENERA

NEW SPECIES AND NEW COMBINATIONS PROPOSED IN THE
PRESENT VOLUME

Acriopsis floribunda Ames, 306.
Agrostophyllum globigerum A. & S., 138.
Agrostophyllum leytense Ames, 298.
Appendicula divaricata A. & S., 143.
Appendicula foliosa A. & S., 145.
Appendicula linearifolia A. & S., 147.
Appendicula longirostrata A. & S., 149.
Appendicula magnibracteata A. & S., 151.
Appendicula minutiflora A. & S., 153.
Arundina gracilis A. & S., 96.

Bromheadia divaricata A. & S., 155.
Bulbophyllum anguliferum A. & S., 164.
Bulbophyllum caudatisepalum A. & S., 166.
Bulbophyllum concavum A. & S., 168.
Bulbophyllum costatum Ames, 299.
Bulbophyllum crassicaudatum A. & S., 170.
Bulbophyllum cuneifolium A. & S., 172.
Bulbophyllum deltoideum A. & S., 174.
Bulbophyllum disjunctum A. & S., 176.
Bulbophyllum eximium A. & S., 178.
Bulbophyllum hortensoides Ames, 300.
Bulbophyllum jarense Ames, 301.
Bulbophyllum lanceolatum A. & S., 180.
Bulbophyllum latisepalum A. & S., 182.
Bulbophyllum longimucronatum A. & S., 184.
Bulbophyllum magnivaginatum A. & S., 186.
Bulbophyllum masaganapense Ames, 302.
Bulbophyllum minutiflorum A. & S., 188.
Bulbophyllum pergracile A. & S., 190.
Bulbophyllum philippinense Ames, 303.

[ 319 ]

ORCHIDACE

Bulbophyllum reflexum A. & S., 192.
Bulbophyllum rhizomatosum A. & S., 194.
Bulbophyllum sempiternum Ames, 304.
Bulbophyllum sigmoideum A. & S., 196.
Bulbophyllum venustum A. & S., 198.
Bulbophyllum vinaceum A. & S., 200.
Bulbophyllum vinculibulbum A. & S., 202.
Calanthe cuneata A. & S., 159.
Calanthe tenuis A. & S., 161.
Ceratostylis crassilingua A. & S., 135.
Ceratostylis longisegmenta A. & S., 136.
Chilopogon kinabaluensis A. & S., 141.
Chlorosa Clemensii A. & S., 9.
Coelogyne amplissima A. & S., 21.
Coelogyne Clemensii A. & S., 23.
Coelogyne Clemensii var. longiscapa A. & S., 25.
Coelogyne compressicaulis A. & S., 25.
Coelogyne genuflexa A. & S., 28.
Coelogyne kinabaluensis A. & S., 30.
Coelogyne longibulbosa A. & S., 33.
Coelogyne lurida (L. Linden & Cogn.) A. & S., 35.
Chelonanthera lurida L. Linden & Cogn.
Coelogyne plicatissima A. & S., 35.
Coelogyne quinquelamellata Ames, 280.
Coelogyne radioferens A. & S., 38.
Coelogyne rigidiformis A. & S., 40.
Cymbidium angustifolium A. & S., 212.
Dendrobium bicarinatum A. & §., 98.
Dendrobium busuangense Ames, 296.
Dendrobium crumenatum var. parviflorum A. & S.,
100.
Dendrobium fusco-pilosum A. & S., 101.
Dendrobium kiauense A. & S., 103.
Dendrobium longirepens A. & S., 105.

[ 320 ]

ORCHIDACE

Dendrobium minimum A. & §., 107.
Dendrobium oblongum A. & S., 108.
Dendrobium patentilobum A. & S., 110.
Dendrobium singulare A. & S., 112.
Dendrobium tricallosum A. & S., 114.
Dendrobium tridentatum A. & S., 115.
Dendrochilum alatum Ames, 45.
Dendrochilum angustipetalum Ames, 47.
Dendrochilum binuangense Ames, 281.
Dendrochilum crassifolium Ames, 49.
Dendrochilum ecallosum Ames, 282.
Dendrochilum exasperatum Ames, 50.
Dendrochilum fimbriatum Ames, 51.
Dendrochilum Haslamii Ames, 53.
Dendrochilum imbricatum Ames, 54.
Dendrochilum Joclemensii Ames, 55.
Dendrochilum kamborangense Ames, 57.
Dendrochilum lancilabium Ames, 58.
Dendrochilum lobongense Ames, 59.
Dendrochilum longirachis Ames, 60.
Dendrochilum niveum Ames, 284.
Dendrochilum perspicabile Ames, 62.
Dendrochilum propinquum Ames, 285.
Dendrochilum purpureum Ames, 286.
Dendrochilum quinquelobum Ames, 63.
Dendrochilum subintegrum Ames, 65.
Eria brevipedunculata A. & S., 118.
Eria carnosissima A. & S., 120.

Eria farinosa A. & S., 122.

Eria latiuscula A. & S., 125.

Eria macrophylla A. & S., 127.

Eria magnicallosa A. & S., 129.

Eria mollicaulis A. & S., 131.

Eulophia ovalifolia A. & S., 208.

[ 321 |

ORCHIDACE

Goodyera rostellata A. & S., 12.

Grammatophyllum kinabaluense A. & S., 210.

Habenaria crassinervia A. & S., 6.

Habenaria Gibbsiae (Rolfe) A. & S., 8.
Platanthera Gibbsiae Rolfe.
Habenaria gigas var. papuana (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., 8.
Peristylus grandis var. papuanus J. J. Sm.
Habenaria kinabaluensis (Kranzl.) A. & S., 9.
Platanthera kinabaluensis Kranz.

Habenaria Stapfii (Kranzl.) A. & S., 9.
Platanthera Stapfii Kranzl.

Kuhlhasseltia kinabaluensis A. & S., 14.

Liparis grandis A. & S., 87.

Liparis jarensis Ames, 293.

Liparis kamborangensis A. & S., 89.

Liparis lingulata A. & S., 90.

Liparis lobongensis Ames, 92.

Liparis monophylla Ames, 294.

Liparis pandurata Ames, 94.

Liparis rizalensis Ames, 295.

Malaxis amplectens (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., 73.
Microstylis amplectens J. J. Sm.

Malaxis bidentifera (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., 73.
Microstylis bidentifera J. J. Sm.

Malaxis cordifolia (Rolfe) A. & S., 73.
Microstylis cordifolia Rolfe.

Malaxis cuneipetala Ames, 288.

Malaxis graciliscapa A. & S., 73.

Malaxis incurva (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., 73.
Microstylis incurva J. J. Sm.

Malaxis kinabaluensis (Rolfe) A. & S.,'73, 75.
Microstylis kinabaluensis Rolfe.

Malaxis Mackinnonii (Duthie) Ames, 289.
Microstylis Mackinnonii Duthie.

[ 322 ]

ORCHIDACEA

Malaxis moluccana (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., 73.
Microstylis moluccana J. J. Sm.

Malaxis moluccana var. sagittata (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., 73.
Microstylis moluccana var. sagittata J. J. Sm.

Malaxis multiflora A. & S., 75.

Malaxis nigrescens (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., 73.
Microstylis nigrescens J. J. Sm.

Malaxis obovata (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., 73.
Microstylis obovata J. J. Sm.

Malaxis propinqua Ames, 289.

Malaxis Taylorii Ames, 290.

Malaxis variabilis A. & S., 77.

Malaxis xanthochila (Schltr.) A. & S., 73.
Microstylis xanthochila Schltr.

Malleola kinabaluensis A. & S., 225.

Malleola transversisaccata A. & S., 228.

Microsaccus longicalcaratus A. & S., 232.

Nabaluia Ames, 70.

Nabaluia Clemensii Ames, 71.

Nephelaphyllum flabellatum A. & S., 19.

Oberonia affinis A. & S., 79.

Oberonia kinabaluensis A. & S., 81.

Oberonia leytensis Ames, 291.

Oberonia patentifolia A. & S., 83.

Oberonia surigaensis Ames, 292.

Oberonia triangularis A. & S., 85.

Phajus subtrilobus A. & S., 157.

Philippinaea Schltr. & Ames, 278.

Philippinaea Wenzelii (Ames) Schltr. & Ames, 278.
Adenostylis Wenzelit Ames.

Pholidota Clemensii Ames, 66.

Pholidota kinabaluensis Ames, 68.

Pholidota pectinata Ames, 69.

Saccolabium tenellum Ames, 308.

[ 823 ]

ORCHIDACEZ

Sarcanthus Merrillianus Ames, 230.
Spathoglottis Vanoverberghii Ames, 299.
Taeniophyllum leytense Ames, 310.
Thelasis carnosa A. & S., 204.

Thelasis variabilis A. & S., 205.
Thrixspermum crescentiforme A. & S., 215.
Thrixspermum triangulare A. & S., 217.
Trichoglottis magnicallosa A. & S., 221.
Trichoglottis tenuis A. & S., 223.
Vrydagzynea grandis A. & 8., 16.

[ 324 ]

INDEX

; PAIR ARORA OA:
ey Sense, Maesita cia Acai, RIM,
i) Hanh hegdittiy. Seenases leant Ah ysnehy AMAy
F Prelit ay Marat 6h Lin. Ay yah
ied iaee pe Heleteolc, ») Aaa an Rn
‘tht: aie ide te AR
’

eh hen spcengae near rs tx
a peceiae atisnragsrieite, Ay Be ee

ee eae ka,
Al hcg iatide Awe ae: fy. 08.06), Wee
Viva oe AN UMA RP OY: ae es he Sa OG

n
bh
ary 7M
‘ j P
ps vac
. ¥ Pa) ; y ny,
: ne ‘
. H wit |
> S
ro} a

INDEX

TO GENERA, SPECIES AND VARIETIES

AcANTHOPHIPPIUM Bi., 157
javanicum Bl., 157
Acriopsis Reinw., 215, 306
floribunda Ames, 306, 307
indica Wight, 215, 307
javanica Reinw., 306, 307
sumatrana Schltr., 307
AvenostyLis Bl., 278, 279
Wenzelii Ames, 278
Aeripes Lour., 220
odoratum Lour., 220
AGrosToPHYLLUM Bi., 138, 298
celebicum Schltr., 298
cyathiforme J. J. Sm., 140
globigerum A. & S., 138
leytense Ames, 298
saccatum Ridl., 140
stipulatum Schltr., 298
Amblyglottis pulchra Bl., 161
Anoectocuius Bi., 16
Reinwardtii Bl., 16
spicatus Migq., 16
Apuytiorcuis Bi., 11
borneensis Schltr., 11
pallida Bl., 11
spiculaea Reichb. f., 11
Apista tenuis Bl., 140
AppENDICULA Bi., 142
congesta Ridl., 143
cornuta Bl., 154
cyclopetala Schltr., 154
dendrobioides Schltr., 149
divaricata A, & S., 143
Elmeri Ames, 144
foliosa A. & S., 145, 146
latibracteata J. J. Sm., 147

linearifolia A. & S., 147
longirostrata A. & S., 149, 151, 152
lucida Ridl., 154
magnibracteata A. & S., 149, 150,
151
malindangensis (Ames) Schltr., 151
maquilingensis Ames, 149
micrantha Lindl., 151, 154
minutiflora A. & S., 153, 154
negrosiana Ames, 147
palustris J. J. Sm., 146
pendula Bl., 146, 149
reflexa Bl., 154
rupicola (Ridl.) Rolfe, 144, 154
uncata Ridl., 149
Wenzelii Ames, 151
Arethusa glutinosa Blanco, 306
Arunpina B1., 96
Cantleyi Hook. f., 96, 98
gracilis A. & S., 96
speciosa Bl., 98
Ascotainia Ridl., 164
borneensis Rolfe, 164
Bromueapta Lindl., 155
divaricata A. & S., 155
rigida Ridl., 156
Butsopuytitum Thou., 164, 299
absconditum J. J. Sm., 180, 304
adenopetalum Lindl., 168, 173, 174,
192, 198
altispex Ridl., 164
anguliferum A. & S., 164
apodum Hook. f., 168
breviflorum Ridl., 166
Brookeanum Kriinzl., 174
catenarium, Ridl., 166

[ 327 ]

INDEX

caudatisepalum A. & S., 166
chryseum Ames, 184
cleistogamum Ridl., 178
Clemensiae Ames, 190
colliferum J. J. Sm., 304
concavum A. & S., 168, 170
coriaceum Ridl., 170, 200
cornutum Reichb. f., 170

var. ecornutum J. J. Sm., 202
corticicola Schltr., 203
costatum Ames, 299
crassicaudatum A. & S., 170, 172
cuneifolium A. & S., 172, 174
dagamense Ames, 202
dasypetalum Rolfe, 176, 197
Dearei Reichb. f., 174
deltoideum A. & S., 174, 176
disjunctum A. & S., 176, 178
ebulbe Schltr., 176
Elmeri Ames, 166
Escritorii Ames, 176, 190
exile Ames, 166
eximium A. & S., 178, 264, pl. 94
flavescens Lindl., 173, 174, 198
fractiflexum J. J. Sm., 304
gibbosum Lindl., 176, 188
Gibbsiae Rolfe, 180, 189
halconense Ames, 184
hamatifolium J. J. Sm., 178
hortense J. J. Sm., 172, 301

hortensoides Ames, 172, 300, 301,

302
jarense Ames, 172, 178, 301, 302
kinabaluense Rolfe, 174, 180, 200
Korthalsii Schltr., 178, 198

lanceolatum A. & S., 180, 266, pl. 95

lancifolium Ames, 182
latisepalum A. & S., 182, 184
leptosepalum Hook. f., 178, 185

leytense Ames, 301, 303
linearifolium King & Pantl., 189
longerepens Ridl., 195
longimucronatum A. & S., 184
maculosum Ames, 202, 300
magnivaginatum A. & S., 186
marivelense Ames, 176, 190
masaganapense Ames, 302, 303
membranifolium Hook. f., 170
Merrittii Ames, 193
minutiflorum A. & S., 188
montense Ridl., 184, 190, 203
montigenum Ridl., 174, 190
neo-caledonicum Schltr., 304
obtusipetalum J. J. Sm., 176, 188
odoratum Lindl., 172, 190, 301
ovalifolium Lindl., 166

patens King, 202

Pelma J. J. Sm., 304
penduliscapum J. J. Sm., 172, 178
pergracile A. & S., 190
perpusillum Ridl., 180
phaeanthum Schltr., 170
philippinense Ames, 195, 303, 304
polypodioides Schltr., 168, 174
prianganense J. J. Sm., 172, 301
puberulum Ridl., 168

recurvum Lindl., 194

reflexum A. & S., 192
rhizomatosum A. & S., 194
saccatum Krianzl., 176, 188
sarcanthiforme Ridl., 180
sempiternum Ames, 304

sensile Ames, 184

sigmoideum A. & S., 196

stabile J. J. Sm., 166

Stella Ridl., 178

subecubicum J. J. Sm., 304
unguiculatum Reichb. f., 176

[ 328 ]

INDEX

Vanoverberghii Ames, 198

venustum A. & S., 198

vinaceum A. & S., 200, 202

vinculibulbum A. & S., 202
CavanTHeE ft. Br., 159

abbreviata Lindl., 160

cuneata A. & S., 159, 163

Gibbsiae Rolfe, 163

kinabaluensis Rolfe, 160, 161, 163

ovalifolia Ridl., 161

parviflora Lindl., 161

pulchra (Bl.) Lindl., 161

tenuis A. & S., 161

veratrifolia R. Br., 163
Ceratosty.is Bi., 135

crassilingua A. & S., 135, 136

indifferens J. J. Sm., 136

lancifolia Hook. f., 136, 138

longisegmenta A. & S., 136, 138

radiata J. J. Sm., 138

resiana J. J. Sm., 136

subulata BI., 138

Wenzelii Ames, 138
CHELONANTHERA Bi., 66

gibbosa BI., 68

lurida L. Linden & Cogn., 35

sulphurea BI., 43

@

Chelonistele lurida (L. Linden & Cogn.)

Pfitz., 35
CuiLopocon Schilir., 141

kinabaluensis A. & S., 141, 262, pl.

93
Merrillii Ames, 142
Cuiorosa Bi., 9
Clemensii A. & S., 9, 236, pl. 80
latifolia Bl., 10
Cleisostoma Kunstleri Ames, 309
Cor.toeyne Lindl., 21,71, 279
amplissima A. & S., 21, 23

bilamellata Lindl., 71

carinata Rolfe, 28

carnea (Bl.) Reichb. f., 66

chloroptera Reichb. f., 28

Clemensii A. & S., 23, 37, 38
var. longiscapa A. & S., 25, 37, 38

compressicaulis A. & S., 25, 28

cuprea Wendl. & Kranzl., 32

Dayana Reichb. f., 28, 35, 40

exalata Ridl., 28

flavida Wall., 30

genuflexa A. & S., 28

integerrima Ames, 42

kinabaluensis A. & S., 30

Loheri Rolfe, 279

longibulbosa A. & S., 33

longifolia (BI.) Lindl., 28, 281

lurida (L. Linden & Cogn.) A. & S.,
35

Merrillii Ames, 28

modesta J. J. Sm., 28

papillosa Ridl., 35

plicatissima A. & S., 35, 38

pulverula Teijsm. & Binn., 35

quinquelamellata Ames, 280

radioferens A. & S., 38, 238, pl. 81

rhizomatosa J. J. Sm., 33

rigidiformis A. & S., 38, 40, 42

Rochussenii De Vriese, 42

Sanderiana Reichb. f., 42

subintegra J. J. Sm., 38, 42

sulphurea (Bl.) Reichb. f., 23, 43

tumida J. J. Sm., 28

venusta Rolfe, 43

Corputa Raf., 6

Dayana (Reichb. f.) Rolfe, 6
javanica (Reinw.) Rolfe, 6

Corymsorcuis T'how., 18

veratrifolia (Reinw.) Bl., 18

[ 329 ]

INDEX

Crinonia Bl., 66
carnea Bl., 66
Cryptoglottis serpillifolia Bl., 140
Cympipium Sw., 212
acutum Ridl., 214
alatum Roxb., 215
angustifolium A. & S., 212
pubescens Lindl., 214
sanguinolentum Teijsm. & Binn.,214
Cyrtopera squalida Reichb. f., 210
Denprosium Sw., 98, 296
anceps Sw., 104
appendiculatum Lindl., 100
bicarinatum A. & S., 98, 100
busuangense Ames, 296, 318, pl. 101
calceolum Roxb., 112
conanthum Schltr., 296, 297
connatum (Bl.) Lindl., 100
crumenatum Sw., 117
var. parviflorum A. & S., 100
cuneilabrum J. J. Sm., 108
Elmeri Ames, 109
Eurorum Ames, 100
Fargesii Finet, 106
fusco-pilosum A. & S., 101, 103
hypodon Schltr., 110
inconcinnum Ridl., 108
ingratum J. J. Sm., 114
kiauense A. & S., 103, 104
kinabaluense Ridl., 105
labuanum Lindl., 115
lawiense J. J. Sm., 117
linearifolium Teijsm. & Binn., 117
lobatum (BI.) Miq., 104
Lobbii Teijsm. & Binn., 102
longipes Hook. f., 115
longirepens A. & S., 105, 106
MacFarlanei F. v. Muell., 112
minimum A. & S., 107, 258, pl. 91

oblongum A. & S., 108, 110
orbiculare J. J. Sm., 103
patentilobum A. & S., 110, 112
piestocaulon Schltr., 114
polytrichum Ames, 297
pseudoconvexum Ames, 112
radicosum Ridl., 115
reticulatum J. J. Sm., 112
schistoglossum Schltr., 100
singulare A. & S., 112
Smithianum Schltr., 112
taurinum Lindl., 296

teres Lindl., 117

tricallosum A. & S., 114, 115
tridentatum A. & S., 115, 117
tumoriferum J. J. Sm., 110
utile J. J. Sm., 297
ventricosum Kranzl., 112
villosulum Wall., 117
xiphophyllum Schltr., 104

Denprocuitum Bl., 43, 45, 273, 274,

281, 287
acuminatum J. J. Sm., 64
alatum Ames, 44, 45, 52, 57, 240, pl.
82
angustipetalum Ames, 47, 242, pl. 83
aurantiacum Bl., 64
bicallosum Ames, 283, 285, 286
binuangense Ames, 281, 282
bracteosum Reichb. f., 55
cagayanense Ames, 55
cinnabarinum Pfitz., 282
conopseum Ridl., 48
cornutum Bl., 58
corrugatum (Ridl.) J. J. Sm., 48
crassifolium Ames, 49, 50, 244, pl. 84
Dewindtianum W. W. Sm., 45, 50,
55
ecallosum Ames, 282, 283

[ 330 ]

INDEX

exasperatum Ames, 44, 45, 50

filiforme Lindl., 284

fimbriatum Ames, 44, 45, 46, 51, 52,
57 .

Gibbsiat® Rolfe, 44, 45, 52, 54, 58, 64

graciliscapum (Ames) Pfitz., 46

graminifolium (Ames) Pfitz., 70

grandiflorum (Ridl.) J. J. Sm., 43,
45, 52

Haslamii Ames, 44, 45, 53, 246, pl.
85

imbricatum Ames, 45, 54, 55, 240,
pl. 82

irigense Ames, 274

Joclemensii Ames, 44, 45, 55, 242,
pl. 83

kamborangense Ames, 50, 57, 244,
pl. 84

kinabaluense Rolfe, 44, 45, 52, 53,
54, 58, 64

lancilabium Ames, 58, 242, pl. 83

latibrachiatum J. J. Sm., 44

latifolium Lindl., 55

linearifolium Hook. f., 62

lobongense Ames, 59

Loheri Ames, 283

longifolium Reichb. f., 50

longirachis Ames, 60, 66

microchilum (Schltr.) Ames, 282

niveum Ames, 284

ocellatum (Ames) Pfitz., 274

oliganthum (Ames) Pfitz., 274

oxylobum Schltr., 55, 60

perspicabile Ames, 50, 62, 240, pl. 82

philippinense (Ames) Pfitz., 287

propinguum Ames, 283, 285

purpureum Ames, 286

quinquelobum Ames, 44, 45, 50, 51,
53, 54, 63, 64, 240, pl. 82

recurvum Ames, 64

simplex J. J. Sm., 43, 44, 48, 64
sphacelatum (Ames) Pfitz., 274, 287
stachyodes (Ridl.) J. J. Sm., 43, 65
subintegrum Ames, 65

tenellum Ames, 287

vaginatum J. J. Sm., 64

Doritis Lindl., 307, 308

philippinensis Ames, 307
pulcherrima Lindl., 307

Eria Lindl., 117, 297

aeridostachya Reichb. f., 128

anceps Leavitt, 130

Andersonii Hook. f., 127

angustifolia Ridl., 118

borneensis Rolfe, 118

bractescens Lindl., 126

brevipedunculata A. & S., 118, 120

carnosissima A. & S., 120

confusa Hook. f., 126

cymbidifolia Ridl., 122

falcata J. J. Sm., 128

farinosa A. & S., 122

ferox Bl., 124, 134

floribunda Lindl., 124

fusca Bl., 120

Gibbsiae Rolfe, 124

grandis Ridl., 124

Junghuhnii J. J. Sm., 128

kinabaluensis Rolfe, 125, 128, 129

Kingii Hook. f., 131

Kingii F. v. Muell., 131

lagunensis Ames, 119

latiuscula A. & S., 125

leiophylla Lindl., 127

lobata Reichb. f., 131

macrophylla A. & S., 127, 129

magnicallosa A. & S., 129, 131, 260,
pl. 92

[ 388 ]

INDEX

major Ridl., 131
mindanaensis Ames, 297, 298
mollicaulis A. & S., 131
oblitterata Reichb. f., 124, 131
padangensis Schltr., 124
pilosissima Rolfe, 134
pulchella Lindl., 121
Ridleyi Rolfe, 131
rubiginosa Bl., 133, 134
Scortechinii Stapf, 131
unguiculata J. J. Sm., 120
verticillaris Kranzl., 134
villosissima Rolfe, 131, 134
Whitfordii Leavitt, 128
Esmeralda Sanderiana Reichb. f., 308
EvantueE Schilir., 308
Sanderiana Schltr., 308
Eutopuia R. Br., 208
explanata Lindl., 210
macrostachya Lindl., 210
ovalifolia A. & S., 208
squalida Lindl., 210, 276
Geoporum Jackson, 306
nutans (Pres]) Ames, 306
Goopvera R. Br., 11
hispida Lindl., 13
kinabaluensis Rolfe, 11, 12
Ramosii Ames, 13
reticulata Bl., 13
rostellata A. & S., 11,12
rostrata Ridl., 11
GRAMMATOPHYLLUM Bi., 210
kinabaluense A. & S., 210
papuanum J. J. Sm., 212
Hasenaria Willd., 6, 276
bambusetorum Kranzl., 6
borneensis Ridl., 6, 8
crassinervia A. & S., 6, 8
Gibbsiae (Rolfe) A. & S., 8

gigas Hook. f., 8
var. papuana (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., 8
goodyeroides Don, 8
halconensis Ames, 8
kinabaluensis (Kranzl.) A. & S., 8,9
malintana (Blanco) Merrill, 276, 277
pelorioides Par. & Reichb. f., 276
Stapfii (Krinzl.) A. & S., 8,9
trinervia Wight, 276
trinervis Naves, 276
Hysteria veratrifolia Reinw., 18
Kineretia Rolfe, 307, 308
philippinensis (Ames) Rolfe, 307
Kuncuassettia J. J. Sm., 14
kinabaluensis A. & S., 14
Whiteheadii (Rendle) Ames, 15
Lecanorcuis Bi., 277
javanica Bl., 277
triloba J. J. Sm., 277
Leptorchis pallida O. K., 295
Lipanis L. C. Rich., 54, 87, 293
acaulis Schltr., 89
bicolor J. J. Sm., 295
disticha (Thou.) Lindl., 87
gautierensis J. J. Sm., 92
geelvinkensis J. J. Sm., 92
Gjellerupii J. J. Sm., 92
Glossula Reichb. f., 293
grandis A. & S., 87
Janowskyi J. J. Sm., 94
jarensis Ames, 89, 293
kamborangensis A. & S., 89
latifolia Lindl., 54, 90, 295
lingulata A. & S., 90, 92
lobongensis Ames, 92
longipes Lindl., 94
mataanensis J. J. Sm., 89
monophylla Ames, 294
nutans Ames, 95

[ 332 ]

INDEX

pallida Lindl., 54, 295
pandurata Ames, 94
parviflora Lindl., 95, 294
pseudo-disticha Schltr., 92
rizalensis Ames, 295
serrulata Schltr., 294
stricta J. J. Sm., 95
tricallosa Reichb. f., 89

Mataxis Soland., 73, 273, 288

amplectens (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., 73, 79

bidentifera (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., 73, 75

Burbidgei (Reichb. f.) O. K., 77

calophylla (Reichb. f.) O. K., 73

commelinifolia (Zoll.) O. K., 75

cordifolia (Rolfe) A. & S.,73, 75

cuneipetala Ames, 288

disticha Thou., 87

graciliscapa A. & S., 73, 75, 252, pl.
88

incurva (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., 73,77

kinabaluensis (Rolfe) A. & S., 73,75,
77 [290

Mackinnonii (Duthie) Ames, 289,

moluccana (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., 73
var. sagittata (J. J. Sm.) A. & S.,

73,77

multiflora A. & S., 75, 77, 252, pl. 88

negrosiana Ames, 288

nigrescens (J. J. Sm.) A. & S.,73, 75

obovata (J. J. Sm.) A. & S., 73, 75

oculata (Reichb. f.) O. K., 79

pallida Bl., 295

propinqua Ames, 289, 290

Taylorii Ames, 290

tubulosa (J. J. Sm.) Ames, 77

uncata Ames, 77

variabilis A. & S., 77, 79, 252, pl. 88

Wenzelii Ames, 290

xanthochila (Schltr.) A. & S., 73,79

Matteoia J. J. Sm. & Schltr., 225

kinabaluensis A. & S., 225, 268, pl.

96

transversisaccata A. & S., 228

Witteana J. J. Sm. & Schltr., 227
Microsaccus Bl., 232, 309

brevifolius J. J. Sm., 309

longicalearatus A. & S., 232

Wenzelii Ames, 309
Microsty.is Nutt.

amplectens J. J. Sm., 73

bidentifera J. J. Sm., 73

calophylla Reichb. f., 73

cordifolia Rolfe, 73

incurva J. J. Sm., 73

kinabaluensis Rolfe, 73, 75

Mackinnonii Duthie, 289

moluccana J. J. Sm., 73

var. sagittata J. J. Sm., 73

nigrescens J. J. Sm., 73

obovata J. J. Sm., 73

xanthochila Schltr., 73
MiscHosutsum Schlér., 18

scapigerum (Hook. f.) Schltr., 18
NapaLuia Ames, 70

Clemensii Ames, 71, 250, pl. 87
Neottia sinensis Pers., 11
NEPHELAPHYLLUM JBl., 19

flabellatum A. & S., 19

latilabre Ridl., 21

pulchrum B1., 21

scapigerum Hook. f., 19
Oseronia Lindl., 79, 291

affinis A. & S., 79, 254, pl. 89

aporophylla Reichb. f., 86

brevifolia Lindl., 292

Costeriana J. J. Sm., 81, 82, 83

dubia J. J. Sm., 83

Elmeri Ames, 81, 82, 83

[ 333 ]

INDEX

hispidula Ames, 81, 85

kinabaluensis A. & S., 81, 83, 254,

pl. 89
leytensis Ames, 291, 292, 312, pl.
98
masarangica Schltr., 81
McGregorii Ames, 81
mindorensis Ames, 85, 292
Oxystophyllum J. J. Sm., 81
padangensis Schltr., 85
patentifolia A. & S., 83, 256, pl. 90
pleistophylla Schltr., 85
spathulata Lindl., 86
surigaensis Ames, 292, 293
triangularis A. & S., 85, 86, 256, pl.
90
Wenzelii Ames, 292
Onychium connatum Bl., 100
Pelma Finet, 304
Peristy.us Bi., 6
gracilis Bl., 6
grandis B].
var. papuanus J. J. Sm., 8
Puasus Lour., 157
Blumei Lindl., 157
callosus Lindl., 159
subtrilobus A. & S., 157
Wallichii Lindl., 157

Phalaenopsis Esmeralda Reichb. f., 308

Puitippinagca Schltr. & Ames, 278, 279

Wenzelii (Ames) Schltr. & Ames,

278, 316, pl. 100

Puouipota Lindl., 66
carnea (Bl.) Lindl., 66
Clemensii Ames, 66, 67
gibbosa (Bl.) De Vriese, 66, 68
kinabaluensis Ames, 68
pectinata Ames, 69, 248, pl. 86
ventricosa Reichb. f., 68

Pureatia Lindl., 207
Amesii Kranz]., 207
densiflora Lindl., 208
minutiflora Lindl., 208
monticola Rolfe, 208
Myosurus Ames, 207
Prarantuera L. C. Rich., 6
Gibbsiae Rolfe, 8
kinabaluensis Kranzl., 9
Stapfii Kranzl., 9
Piatycuiinis Benth.
corrugata Ridl., 48
grandiflora Ridl., 52
stachyodes Ridl., 65
Piaty.epis A. Rich., 278, 279
goodyeroides A. Rich., 278
Popocuitus Bl., 140
rupicola Ridl., 154
sciuroides Reichb. f., 140
serpyllifolius (Bl.) Lindl., 140
tenuis (Bl.) Lindl., 140
Pomatoca.tpa Breda, 309
Merrillii Schltr., 309
Robiquetia Gaudich., 225
Sacco.aBium Bi., 225, 308
kinabaluense Rolfe, 225
perpusillum Hook. f., 224
tenellum Ames, 308, 314, pl. 99
Sarcantuus Lindl., 230
koeteiensis (Schltr.) J. J. Sm., 230
Merrillianus Ames, 230, 270, pl. 97
Sarcopodium Lindl., 98
Scuoenorcuis Reinw., 224
micrantha Bl., 224
SicmatocuiLus Rolfe, 43
kinabaluensis Rolfe, 43
Spatuociortis Bi., 163, 299
aurea Lindl., 163
gracilis Rolfe, 164

[ 334 ]

INDEX

plicata BI., 164

tomentosa Ames, 299

Vanoverberghii Ames, 299
SprrantuEs L. C. Rich., 11

sinensis (Pers.) Ames, xv, 11, 275
TAENIOPHYLLUM Bl., 310

glandulosum Bl., 310

leytense Ames, 310

usneoides Schltr., 310
TuecosteLe Reichb. f., 215

alata (Roxb.) Par. & Reichb. f.,

215

Maingayi Hook. f., 215

Zollingeri Reichb. f., 215
Tue asis Bl., 204

bifolia Hook. f., 207

carnosa A. & S., 204

Cebolleta J. J. Sm., 205

obtusa Bl., 207

variabilis A. & S., 205
Thelymitra malintana Blanco, 276
TurIxsPERMUM Lour., 215

agusanense Ames, 217

amplexicaule (BI.) Reichb. f., 219

anceps Reichb. f., 217

crescentiforme A. & S., 215, 217

maculatum Schltr., 217

triangulare A. & S., 217

Trichoglottis (Hook. f.) O. K., 217

Wenzelii Ames, 217
Tricnoc.iottis Bi., 220

kinabaluensis Rolfe, 220

lanceolaria Bl., 224

magnicallosa A. & S., 221

tenuis A. & S., 223

Uexkiilliana J. J. Sm., 222
Trichotosia rubiginosa Bl., 133
Vanpba Jones, 220, 308

Gibbsiae Rolfe, 220

luzonica Loher, 308

Sanderiana Reichb. f., 308

tricolor Lindl., 308
VANILLA Juss., 11, 277

albida BI., 11

borneensis Rolfe, 11

calopogon Reichb. f., 277

ovalis Blanco, 277
Vrypaczynea Bi., 16

albida BI., 18

Beccarii Schltr., 16

elata Schltr., 16

grandis A. & S., 16

eh a TYE elo iersetaliesnes
OE MR Be aw” DN weathing tiie)
SHO 14 heel) chitolgertsi’T

PORTAT

ie
hy Po oe
' eghe cash

ont
A ,

at

RS OE aiden WT aencin sy 2
i Pitty 78 Wenn ane Te i at?y’-si te enn ite Ph. (oa
tts oule yereaeti ARMIN
ws nisin ma aren a riers
1 beius Pee ‘es Kk mre eam teint Tiga
ee 2 a A ice) n eRe
Pe ere 0, evettigaies) THEN
BY TE mntgidert atpctontt ? Ae fig
Bh Ue see. wen f a
le doll wntee og pee
woe dealnd Wicca eye beget
WOE FSA nauliobee® | , re
Oe Teh? wetersind ‘pli ;
ED ct. anatan’l ee ied |
tts, Me eddy le ERM
¥ it tledt ole rine ‘ee oy
2 Cth V dithstedl nosperstes z
' vo adel mata ote need
Mt ONO sored? a ;
wb aed 1 lll sen
; v vghie tei-pry nl t me dt hari
' iy 2 ra ee | i
we Fa x 9 OW (2 eo
’ n lA a "vf é ‘ese inl nN
‘ fi ieevite hog colle Tia ae og
oe Wathliupieinty Aaty
: mined a ar, ae Blin i a) 7
yaavea Praehahia 7M gery (ald here se ys
wed '

% ,

bb ae
’ cay: sy) i
Vay a

mie
é

:
a
ey
i=

-
r
.
1
x
!

tee on ae Heys

Lanes if te ' aw
CM TSE Dee

ve,
fae

F

ry

AM
ee ;
oy ae ; y
tl ATA, 4

aA) wh y

iy
un
“I

a 4
a *
iB 3
’ f
- >
'
, } ; ‘ ?
7 ry « %
’ : a
, 4
' e
.
s
wnt Neg
— ,
*
a’ -~
}
é *
: é
]
-
{
: °
-
re
aa i . 7
ie
43°
TAL
We
ai -2
se
oi
a!
“5 4
;
bs 7 ©
ms B .
*
7 -
A = .
~ - s .
= * * P
i
} i
- e
/ -
.
‘ a na - 4 ” j
4 ‘
. .
Ning 4
9 ’
i Peay |
a : i
» ; é r
- yi 4 War ¥ 6
e ‘a 4
ee i? = s r %

~~

(OE oti aca ol

*

es YS
a e se

ve:

GOMES sre:

eee
aes
Sas

*

‘

chart, “s

re

M
4

x

OE Sta oS