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ORCHID WORLD. 


A Monthly Illustrated Journal entirely devoted 
to Orchidology. 


EDITED. BY 


GURNEY WwiESON;. F.L.S., 


Member of the Scientific and Orchid Committees of the 
Royal Horticultural Society. 


WoleV. 


With many Illustrations. 


HAYWARDS HEATH, SUSSEX. 
1915. 


. . ee 
NORMAN & CO, | 
PRINTERS, | 
574, COLEMAN STREET, 
} 


< cS 
XOTIN IY e 6 
TOBE LE 


ORCHID WORLD. 


OCTOBER, 1914. 


NOTES: 


AN ALBINO RESULT.—It is of interest to 
record the flowering of a pure white Cattleya 
Gaskelliana raised by Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co. from two albino parents. Other 
seedlings from this same seed-pod show slight 
purple tints. 


RAPID GROWTH.—Messrs. Hassall and Co., 
Southgate, have achieved a noteworthy 
success by flowering a Cattleya seedling 
between iridescens and aurea in the compara- 
tively short time of three years and four 
months, this period being reckoned from the 
sowing of the seed to the opening of the first 


flower. This hybrid has recently been 
recorded as C. Sybil. 


Ke 
ws 
Nee 

XS 


SPIRANTHES AUTUMNALIS.—This small, 
but nevertheless pretty British Orchid has 
lately been producing its fragrant flowers in 
many parts of the country. From the oblong 
or cylindrical tubers springs a tuft of rather 
small oval leaves rarely more than an inch in 
length. Alongside the centre of the plant 
rises the flower stem to a height of about six 
inches, the individual blooms being arranged 
in a single row of spiral formation. This 
species is often known as the Common 
Spiranth, or Lady’s Tresses, and although the 
white flowers are fairly noticeable a magni- 
fying glass is necessary to discern their exact 
structure. If a few plants are carefully 
removed to a selected spot in the garden they 
will increase in size and number as well as 


VOL. V. 


yield plenty of their singular flower-spikes. 
A loamy soil where moisture is not over 
abundant appears to give satisfactory results. 


FLOWERS IN SEASON.—From the collection 
of Mr. W. H. St. Quintin, Rillington, York, 
is sent a flower of Cattleya Cappei delicata, a 
pleasing hybrid obtained by crossing C. 
Schroderee with C. Triane delicata. From 
Mr. H. S. Goodson’s noted collection at 
Putney two grand varieties of Cattleya Iris 
arrived in fine condition, one of which bears 
the varietal name inversa, in allusion to the 
singular manner in which the margins of the 
petals are formed in an incurved manner. 
Also a flower of Cattleya Harrisoniana var. 
H. S. Goodson, which is remarkable for the 
dark purple spotting on the back of the 
sepals and petals. 


wy 


ORCHIDS AT BOUND BROOK, N.J., U.S.A. 
—Orchids for the cut-flower trade are 
extensively cultivated by Mr. Thomas Young, 
Junr., Beechwood Heights Nurseries, Bound 
Brook. The collection of Cattleyas numbers 
about 150,000 plants, and it is of interest to 
note that attention is now being paid to 
Phalenopses and hybrid Odontoglossums, a 
considerable quantity of which have already 
been included in the stock. Mr. Geo. I’Anson, 
who left England some short time ago and 
accepted an engagement with Messrs. Roehrs, 
of Rutherford, has relinquished that post in 
order to occupy a similar position with Mr. 
Thomas Young, Junr., at Bound Brook. 


bo 


CATTLEYA LEOPOLDII ALBA—This well- 
known species, sometimes spoken of as a 
variety of C. guttata, yet quite distinct, comes 
from the province of Santa Catharina, in 
South Brazil, whence it was introduced in 
1850 by M. Verschaffelt, of Ghent, and 
dedicated to Leopold IL. King of the Belgians. 
A very distinct variety has recently been 
exhibited by Messrs. Sander and Sons under 
the name alba, a term which has been rather 
too generally applied to all varieties in which 
the purple pigment is eliminated, yet for want 
of a better definition it is allowed to remain. 
This variety has bright yellowish-green sepals 
and petals, entirely devoid of spotting, while 
the infolded lateral lobes and the middle lobe 
of the labellum are pure white. The flower 
is certainly a true albino of its kind, and a 
very interesting discovery. 


Ks 
iss 
fe 
Né& 
"ee 


LA&LIO-CATTLEYA ELEGANS.—F or upwards 
of half a century L.-C. elegans was regarded 
as a valuable and, one might say, historic 
plant, and during that period considerable 
attention was devoted to it. The two parents, 
L. purpurata and C. Leopoldu, grow naturally 
in the same locality and have been frequently 
imported together, consequently it appeared 
practically certain that L.-C. elegans, display- 
ing the characteristics of both species, could 
be nothing else than a hybrid between them. 
The point was definitely settled in August, 
1911, -when Mr. Eustace “. “Clark, of 
Evershot, Dorset, flowered a hybrid raised by 
crossing C. Leopold with L. purpurata, and 
which proved identical with L.-C. elegans. A 
fine variety of L. purpurata was in this case 
used, hence the result is superior in size and 
colour to the naturally produced forms, which 
probably result from the intercrossing of 
ordinary varieties. The extensive petals are 
comparatively broad and of rich rose-purple, 
the broad and flat lip being crimson-purple 
with well-defined veining. The name 
Chamonix variety has been applied to this 
particular seedling, which is considerably 
superior to two wild forms of the same also 
received from the owner. Mr. Clark suggests 


Ht TORCH 


WORLD. |October, 1914. 
that “this difference is due to the fact that 
in the home-raised plant L. purpurata was 
the pollen parent. It may have been the 
reverse in the case of the wild forms, or they 
were probably seedlings from wild L-C 
elegans crossed with similar ones in their own 
district, and tending to lose the original L. 
purpurata influence in successive genera- 
tions, for 1t seems to have become practically 
a species occurring in quantity.” 


uy “NM “Ny 
NANG % A 
Re GY No.4 


ONCIDIUM BALLI.—During the year 1908 
a pretty Oncidium appeared in the collection 
of Mr. G. Shorland Ball, who, unfortunately, 
had no knowledge concerning its origin or 
how it entered his houses. Part of the plant 
was in 190g presented to the Royal Gardens, 
Kew, where it flowered in September of the 
following year, and was described in the Kew 
Bulletin, 1910, p. 371, under the name On. 
Ballu. At the disposal of Mr. Ball’s collection 
the remaining plant, probably the only other 
one in cultivation, was purchased by Mr. A. 
Grant, of Rugby House, Cleethorpes. It has 
since grown well and this autumn has 
produced four flower-spikes, erect in style, 
comparatively dwarf, but carrying numerous 
bright yellow flowers, the sepals and petals 
marked with a few brownish lines, the lp 
having one crimson-brown blotch. 


¥y 
Na 


"ee 
Re 


SALEP.—In days long since past the dried 
tubercles of several species of Orchis, more 
especially O. mascula, were much used for the 
preparation of salep, which contains bassorin 
and a little starch, and possesses similar 
properties to those of other amylaceous 
substances. Dr. . W. 9.0 alitferd,= 10a 
“Sketches towards a Hortus  Botanicus 
Americanus, 1812,” states that it contains a 
great quantity of nourishment in a small 
bulk; one ounce of this powder and one 
ounce of portable soup, with two quarts of 
boiling water, might, in case of necessity, be 
sufficient nourishment for one man for a day, 
and should therefore be always carried on 
shipboard to prevent a famine at sea. 


October, 1914.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 


BOTANICAL CONGRESS.—We hear on good 
authority that the Fourth International 
Botanical Congress arranged to be held in 
London, May 22nd to 209th, 1915, has been 
indefinitely postponed. 


MASDEVALLIA MUSCOSA—This curious 
little species is noted for the irritability or 
sensitiveness of its labellum, which when an 
insect alights on it suddenly shuts up against 
the column and encloses its prey. This move- 
ment may be brought about by touching the 
yellow ridge with any light substance, such as 
a hair, the lp remaining in its upward position 
for about twenty minutes, after which it again 
descends ready for the entry of any small 
insect. Consul Lehmann states that this 
species has a very wide and_ irregular 
geographical distribution throughout Ecuador 
and Colombia, extending fully 600 miles 
from north to south, in a temperature of about 
60 degs. Fahr. Wherever it 1s found the 
atmosphere is uniformly damp during the 
whole year. It grows most frequently upon 
the trunks and thick branches of trees in 
mountain forests, where the absence of under- 
wood allows a perpetual circulation of air. 
The scarcity of such woods accounts for the 
rarity of the plant, for although found in so 
many localities it is nowhere common. In 
many parts of Ecuador it also grows upon 
volcanic rocks and walls of lava, and produces 
the largest and most highly coloured flowers, 
the flowering season being in February and 


March. 


PHALANOPSIS SCHILLERIANA—In the 
year 1885 there was a remarkable plant of 
this species in the collection of Mr. Perkins, 
Kirkley Hall, Northumberland. It had eight 
leaves, each about 106 inches long, and two 
spikes which carried over 250 flowers. There 
were also four other plants, all of which had 
been grown from adventitious buds formed 
on the old flower-spikes of the above 
specimen. The floriferous habit was con- 
tinued in the same style, one of the plants 
producing a spike of 140 blooms. 


w 


OrcHIDS DAMAGED.—We have had a 
violent storm, the hailstones being of immense 
size and falling with great force; not only 
was a large quantity of glass broken, but the 
hailstones were forced right through the 
leaves of many Cattleyas, going in at one 
side and out at the other, while numbers of 
growths were filled up with particles of 1ce.— 
H. G. Crosley, La Ferté Bernard, Sarthe, 
l’rance. 


HEMIPILIA AMETHYSTINA—The genus 
Hemipilia was founded by Lindley, who 
remarked: “It differs from Platanthera 
(=Habenaria) in having the glands of the 
pollen masses concealed by the inflexed 
points of the stigmatic canals, which thus 
form an imperfect pouch, and in the enlarged 
projecting upper lip of the stigma or 
rostellum.” It is also characterised by its 
single broad leaf and spikes of purple, Orchis- 
like flowers. Only three or four species are 
at present known. H. amethystina was intro- 
duced with Cypripedium Charlesworthu from 
the Shan States of Eastern Burma, by Messrs. 
Lewis and Co., Southgate, and exhibited by 
them, Royal Horticultural Society, June oth, 
1896, under the name Pogonia Lewisu, when 
a Botanical Certificate was awarded. Soon 
afterwards Mr. R. A. Rolfe detected that the 
plant was in reality a Hemipilia, and described 
it under the name H. amethystina, Bot. Mlag., 
Feb., 1897, a coloured figure being included. 
Under this latter name the plant was again 
shown at the Royal Horticultural Society by 
Sir Fred. Wigan, July 10th, 1906, and a 
second Botanical Certificate obtained. Three 
years later it was seen in one of Messrs. 
Sander and Sons’ groups. This autumn it 
has been in flower in the collection of Mr. A. 
Grant, Rugby House, Cleethorpes, whose 
gardener, Mr. W. Chorley, sends us the spike, 
with the remark that this plant, just as in the 
original type specimen, was imported with 
Cypripedium Charlesworthii; in fact, it sprung 
up from among the roots of a_recently- 
imported plant. The large cordate green leaf 
has brown mottling, the erect spike carrying 
many Orchis-like flowers of amethyst colour. 


| THE ORCHID 


bee. 
¥ 


Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt. 


Cymbidium eburneo-Lowianum, in the collection of 


CYMBIDIUM EBURNEO- 
LOWIANUM. 


ROBABLY in no other genus have the 
results of hybridisation been so 
generally satisfactory as in that of 
Cymbidium. The ever-green nature of the 
foliage renders these plants of decorative 
value throughout the whole year, while the 
long lasting nature of their flowers 1s 
an important point for one and all to 
consider. 

Although many of the newest Cymbidium 
hybrids have not as yet had sufficient time to 
show forth their full capabilities, there are 
several of earlier production which have been 
brought to perfection under the care of 
skilful growers. Of these mention may be 
made of C. eburneo-Lowianum, which on first 


flowering in the year 1889 encouraged 


WORLD. 


[October, 1914 


hybridists, then somewhat few in number, to 
make numerous crosses, the majority of which 
have since been raised and acknowledged as 
valuable acquisitions. 

The subject of our illustration is a 
remarkable specimen of CC.  eburneo- 
Lowianum, in the noted collection of 
Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., 
Westonbirt, where it has been cultivated by 
Mr. H. G. Alexander. It is in a sixteen inch 
pot, carries fifteen spikes with an aggregate 
of seventy flowers, the finest spike carrying 
seven flowers. 

The large flowers are of a creamy-white 
colour, the front lobe of the labellum bearing 
the reddish V-shaped blotch that is so noted a 
characteristic of C. Lowianum. One of the 
many favourable points concerning these 
plants is the long time their flowers remain 
in perfect condition, 


October, 1914. | THE ORCHID WORLD 


Ur 


Galeandra Devoniana. 


GALEANDRA DEVONIANA. 


rarely seen, mainly owing to the 

difficulty experienced in growing them 
sufficiently well to obtain results which 
travellers tell us can be seen in the plant’s 
native home, and also because of many 
superior hybrid Orchids recently produced. 
However, Galeandra Devoniana is not by 
any means to be despised, and may yet be 
welcomed once again. 

Its first discovery was made by Schom- 
burgk, who sent the following particulars to 
Lindley :—“ During our peregrinations we 
have seen this plant nowhere else than on 
the banks of the Rio Negro, a tributary of 
the Amazon, where in the neighbourhood of 
Barcellos we found it growing in large 
clusters on the trees which lined the river, 
sometimes on the Mauritia aculeata, or even 
on the ground where the soil consisted of 
vegetable mould. It was so luxuriant in 


3 present-day collections Galeandras are 


VOI. WV. 


growth that some of the large clusters of 
stems which sprouted from a common root 
were from ten to twelve feet in circumference. 
The stems were often from five to six feet 
high; at the lower part almost of a purple 
appearance but changing into green higher 
up. As the flower is not only larger than the 
generality of its tribe, but handsome, I availed 
myself of this opportunity of naming it in 
honour of the Duke of Devonshire, one 
of the most successful cultivators of this, 
one of the most interesting tribes among 
monocotyledonous plants.” 

This species was subsequently detected by 
the same energetic explorer in British Guiana, 
growing on the trunks of trees on the banks 
of the river Berbice; and afterwards by 
Spruce and Wallace in the same locality in 
which it was first discovered by Schomburgk, 
the first-named of whom sent living plants 
to Kew in 1851. 

The plants require a considerable amount 
of heat during the growing season, but much 


2 


6 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


less when resting during the winter months. 
Watering during this latter period should be 
carried out with extreme care, only sufficient 
being given to keep the bulbs from unduly 
shrivelling. The young growths are likely 
to be severely damaged by an excess of water 
given in the early period of their existence, 
and it is not until they have grown to the 
height of about six inches that a point of 
safety 1s reached. 

The lance-shaped sepals and petals are of 
a darkish-purple with green margins; the 
large lip is white, thickly striped and pencilled 
with purple; the disc bearing four lamelle, 
and the spur at the base being green and 
recurved. There does not appear to be any 
definite season of flowering. 


EPIDENDRUM 
ARACHNOGLOSSUM. 


Tm are several species of Epiden- 


drum worthy of cultivation, amongst 

them being E. arachnoglossum, which 
was originally discovered by M. Edouard 
André, in 1876, on the volcano of Puracé, in 
southern New Grenada, at an elevation 
of 6,000 feet, growing in company with 
E. paniculatum. This successful traveller 
published an account and coloured plate 
of the species in the Revue Horticole, 
December 16th, 1882, and was also the first 
to flower the plant in Europe. 

In habit it resembles the well-known E. 
radicans type, but is of much _ stronger 
constitution. The nodding raceme _ bears 
many flowers of bright magenta-crimson, with 
the fleshy disc of the lip orange-yellow. The 
labellum is three-lobed, each lobe spreading 
and much fimbriated, the middle one with a 
deep cleft in the anterior margin. The 
specific name, literally spider’s tongue, 1s 
derived from this quaint formation of the 
labellum. Like several other Epidendrums, 
the raceme continues to elongate and produce 
flowers for a considerable period, six months 
being quite usual, while instances have 
occurred of the plant being an almost 
continuous bloomer. 

A plant of this species was discovered by 


|October, 1914. 


Mr. Kromer when collecting Orchids for the 
late Mr. H. A. Tracy, and sent home along 
with the rare Oncidium Leopoldianum. 
These plants were acquired by Mr. H. S. 
Goodson, of Fairlawn, Putney, who has 
recently had the pleasure of seeing them both 
in flower at the same time. The Oncidium 
created no small amount of attention, for it 1s 
many years since this species flowered in 
Europe, while the Epidendrum proved to be 
a pure white variety of a little-known species. 
To prove the decorative value of this latter 
rarity Mr. Geo. Day kindly sends us the 
many-flowered raceme. 

The albino form was recorded by Reichen- 
bach in 1886 (Gard. Chron., XXV., p. 362), 
who, after describing the normal type, wrote : 
—“T am now very agreeably surprised at the 
receipt of a fine variety, having white flowers, 
and only the lateral calli orange. It is 
likewise a discovery of M. André, and was 
forwarded to me by M. Godefroy Lebeuf, 
who is well known as a most enthusiastic 
Orchidist.” Reichenbach named this variety 
E. arachnoglossum candidum. 


“THE ORCHID REVIEW.”—The September 
issue of this journal contains an article on 
Cattleya Sybil and its varieties, accompanied 
by an illustration showing seven different 
results. C. Sybil is a hybrid between aurea 
and iridescens, and was raised by Messrs. 
Hassall and Co. the first plant flowering 
during the past summer. Details are given 
concerning the reproduction of species, and 
the formation of hybrids, the latter being 
effected either by blended inheritance or else 
by mosaic inheritance. Illustrations are 
also given of Cycnoches densiflorum and 
Grammangis Ellisii. In a note on several 
interesting rarities that have recently flowered 
at Kew we read that “Catasetum Darwin- 
ianum has again bloomed well, all the flowers 
being males, as has also been the case with 
several other species that have bloomed. The 
proportion of female flowers on cultivated 
plants hardly reaches five per cent., but it 
may be greater in their native homes, where 
the plants are probably more vigorous.” 


October, 1914. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 7 


CRYPTOPHORANTHUS 
ATROPURPUREUS. 


T was Barbosa Rodriguez who established 
| the somewhat cumbrous name Crypto- 
phoranthus for a small section closely 
allied to Masdevallia and Pleurothallis. 
The name dates from the year 1881, although 
several species now included in it had been 
previously known under other names. The 
earliest of these was described by Lindley in 
1836 under the name Specklinia atropurpurea, 
from a plant which flowered in the Liverpool 
Botanic Garden. In 1845 the same species 
was described by Sir William Hooker 
(Botanical Magazine, t. 4104) under the name 
Masdevallia fenestrata — the Windowed 
Masdevallia, with the remark : — 

“This is one of the very curious produc- 
tions of Nature of which there are such 
frequent instances among  Orchidaceous 
plants. The plant is not only singular in 
colour, the flowers being externally of a deep 
blackish-blood colour, but still more singular 
in form, with the sepals united below and at 
the apex, which is open and window-like, the 
whole representing the head and beak of a 
bird, with a perforation where the eyes 
should be.” 

Under the name Masdevallia fenestrata it 
is occasionally found in collections where 
curiously formed flowers are appreciated, and 
although various suggestions have been put 
forth no one appears to have really discovered 
the actual manner in which fertilisation is 
effected. The great Darwin was much inter- 
ested in the species, as may be proved by the 
following note in his “Fertilisation of 
Orchids ” : — 

“ Masdevallia fenestrata is an extraordinary 
flower, for the three sepals always cohere 
together and never open. Two minute lateral 
oval windows, seated high up in the flower 
and opposite each other, afford the only 
entrance into the flower ; but the presence of 
these two minute windows shows how neces- 
sary it is that insects should have access in 
this case as with other Orchids. At the 
bottom of the roomy and dark chamber 
formed by the closed sepals the minute 


~ 


column is placed, in front of which the 
furrowed labellum stands, with a_ highly 
flexible hinge, and on each side the two upper 
petals, a little tube being thus formed. 
Hence, when a minute insect enters, or a 
larger insect inserts its proboscis through 
either window, it has by touch to find the 
inner tube in order to reach the curious 
nectary at its base. Within this little tube, 
formed by the column, labellum and petals, a 
very broad and hinged rostellum projects at 
right angles, the under surface of which is 
viscid; the minute caudicles of the pollinia, 
projecting out of the anther case, rest on the 
base of the upper membraneous surface of 
the rostellum. The whole structure of the 
flower seems carefully intended to prevent 
the withdrawal of the pollinia, as well as their 
subsequent insertion into the stigmatic 
chamber. Some new and curious contrivance 
has here to be made out.” 

It remains to be stated that cryptophor- 
anthus atropurpureus is a native of the West 
Indies, where it is found on trees, banks and 
decaying logs. 


NEW ORCHIDS. 
HE Kew Bulletin, 1914, No. 6, contains 
ae botanical descriptions of the following 
new Orchids :— 

Pleurothallis (Apode czspitose) Lankes- 
teri. Very inconspicuous, the flowers being 
borne in fascicles below the leaves. Distinct 
from most others of the section, but nearest 
to P. myriantha, from which it differs in the 
shape and colour of the lip. The flowers are 
deep yellow, with the lip and column dark 
purple. From Costa Rica. 

Microstylis Andersonu, 
Flowers small and _ pallid. 

Sarcopodium suberectum, from Borneo. 
Resembles S. acuminatum, but smaller. It is 
stated that the column in the only flower in 
good condition has two rudimentary anthers 
attached to processes of the margin of the 
clinandrium just as in Dendrobium pandaneti. 
This may be an accidental monstrosity or a 
normal occurrence as in the last-mentioned 
plant. 


from Borneo. 


8 Anse 


Coelogyne annamensis, allied to C. brunnea. 
Flowered in the Royal Botanic Garden, 
Glasnevin, in November, 1913, and obtained 
from Messrs. Sander and Sons, in June, 1912. 
Sepals and petals pale buff-yellow, lip rather 
darker, with irregular radiating brown nerves 
on the side lobes, some orange-brown on the 
lower part of the front lobe, and flesh-coloured 
keels. A native of Annam. 

Eulophia Lambu, from Tropical Africa. 
Closely resembles E. Kircku, but differs in 
the details of the lip. Collected by Mr. P. H. 
Lamb, Director of Agriculture in Northern 
Nigeria, to whom it is dedicated. 

Eulophia pusilla, from Tropical Africa, 
where it is found on dry poor soil, exposed 
to full sunshine. Flowers white tinged with 
yellow. 

Maxillaria Fletcheriana. Collected in Peru 
by M. Forget, for Messrs. Sander and Sons, 
who flowered it at St. Albans in April, 1913, 
and exhibited it at the Royal Horticultural 
Society during the same month when it 
received an Award of Merit. The sepals are 
white with a few irregular purple lines, the 
petals more strongly lined, and the lip yellow 
in front with a few purple dots, the crest 
yellow and the side lobes suffused and lined 
with red-purple. 

Renanthera pulchella. Flowered with 
Messrs. A. A. Peeters and Sons, Brussels, in 
August, 1913. The flowers bear a general 
resemblance to those of R. Imschootiana, but 
are only about half the size. The colour is 
yellow with the side lobes of the lip and 
upper half of the petals crimson. A native 
of Burma. Received an Award of Merit, 
Royal Horticultural Society, June 30th, 
1914. 

Angrecum birrimense, from Tropical 
Africa, where it was disovered in dense 
forest. It is allied to A. Eichlerianum, but 
the lip is not broadly dilated at the sides, and 
the upper part of the spur is narrower and 
less obliquely bent about the middle. 

Disa (Eudisa) nigerica. Closely resembles 
D. saxicola, but may be distinguished by the 
shape of the dorsal sepal and lip. A native 
of Tropical Africa, The flowers are described 
as purple, 


ORCHID 


WORLD. [October, 1914. 


VANDA HOOKERIANA. 


be divided into two well defined 

groups, namely, those having terete 
or cylindrical leaves and stems and those with 
broad strap-shaped leaves arranged  dis- 
tichously upon the stem. Vanda Hookeriana 
belongs to the terete section. Its cylindric, 
somewhat slender stems are usually from 
5-7 feet long and produce during the autumn 
months elegant flowers about 24 inches in 
diameter, the sepals white tinted with rose, 
the larger petals white spotted with magenta, 
the expanded lip beautifully lined and spotted 
with rich magenta purple. 

Its history dates from 1856, in which year 
Reichenbach described the species in 
Bonplandia, dedicating it to Sir William 
Hooker, at that time director of the Royal 
Gardens, Kew. V. Hookeriana is said to be 
common in north Borneo along the Tandaran 
and Limbang rivers, about twenty miles 
from Brunei, yet notwithstanding the large 
number of plants sent home several years 
elapsed before any arrived in a_ living 
condition. 

The first plants to be successfully estab- 
lished were those sent to Lord Rothschild, 
Tring Park, and although various means were 
tried to induce them to flower it was not until 
September, 1882, that success was obtained. 
These plants were cultivated in a house 
almost entirely devoted to the allied V. teres, 
the pots being filled with a mixture of broken 
crocks and charcoal, and surfaced with 
sphagnum moss kept constantly moist. No 
shading was employed, but when _ bright 
sunshine was abundant and the temperature 
rose accordingly plenty of ventilation was 
given. 

The following interesting details from 
Major F. Walker, of Perak, were communi- 
cated to The Garden, August 30th, 1890:— 
“This district is thickly studded with marsh. 
These marshes are full of thick low under- 
growth and exposed to the full rays of the 
sun. In some of these marshes Vanda 
Hookeriana is found creeping over the under- 
growth. The stems seem to rest on the tops 


i horticultural purposes Vandas may 


October, 1914. | THE ORCHID WORLD: 9 


een 


‘ 


Vanda Heokeriana. 


of the bushes and the roots cling gently to 
them. The flower is always to be seen on 
the top of the bushes, away from all shade, 
in the blazing sun. I have passed through a 
marsh, such as I have described, deep in mud 
and water, and seen the whole undergrowth 
covered with this Orchid in bloom. !t is no 
uncommon sight when staying in Kinta to 
find the dining table covered with these 
flowers; every morning fresh flowers can be 
gathered without making the slightest effect 
on the appearance of the marsh. So common 
is this flower in the district that it is called 
the Kinta weed. 

“T have several plants growing in my 
garden on high dry ground, well manured ; 
also in wet marshy ground. Thick common 
sticks are placed for them to climb up. In 
every case the plants are thriving wonderfully, 


VOL. V. 


the stems being as thick as when in the 
jungle. The plants are always in flower, and 
the blossoms very large. The roots are 
planted in the ground. This seems to upset 
the theory that they must be grown in 
marsh, which is their home, and the only 
place where they are found existing in a wild 
state.” 

V. Hookeriana also grows abundantly as 
an epiphyte on the trunks of the Pandanus, 
which grow along the banks of rivers fully 
exposed to the burning rays of a tropical sun 
during the day, and to the heavy dews and 
rains by night. The general appearance of 
this species when not in flower partakes to 
some extent of the character of V. teres, but 
it may be readily distinguished by its more 
slender and erect stems and sharper-pointed 
glaucous-green leaves. 


10 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


HABENARIA SUSANN/E, 


AEN one considers the fact that 

\\V about 500 species of Habenaria are 

known it 1s at once apparent that 
the genus is almost neglected by horticul- 
turists. It may be said with some truth that 
many are of botanical value only, while others 
usually fail to satisfactorily respond to 
artificial treatment ; yet notwithstanding these 
adverse facts there still remain several species 
which can be relied upon to reward the 
cultivator for any trouble he may care to 
expend upon them. 

But few amateurs will deny that H. 
Susanne is one of the finest representatives 
of the genus. Although it has not the range 
of brillant colours seen in other species, it 
fully makes up for this deficiency by its 
stately nature and large pure white wax-like 
flowers. The stiff erect stem reaches to a 
height of from three to four feet, and carries 
an average of four flowers at its apex ; on rare 
occasions as many as seven have been seen, 
but this is only on the more robust plants. 
From base to apex the stem is clothed 
with light-green leaves, which remain fresh 
until after the flowers have faded. The 
chief peculiarities are the long spur and 
the beautifully fringed side lobes of the 
labellum. 

H. Susanne is a native of India and has 
been known ever since the time of Linnzus, 
who called it Orchis Susanne. Mayjor- 
General E. S. Berkeley, when writing on 
Moulmein Orchids in the Orchid Review, 
1894, p. 331, remarks :—“ In this district also 
grows H. Susanne. I have seen whole beds 
of it in flower in Moulmein, and | can only 
suppose that difficulty of transport prevented 
the collectors from bringing it home before. 
Mr. Sander informs me that his collectors 
have recently found the plant in islands still 
more to the westward, so that the plant must 
be much more widely distributed than has 
hitherto been supposed. I have met with it 
both in India and Burmah, and it was always 
a great delight to come across a group of it. 
It is found in very warm, sheltered, moist 
places. It is too soft and succulent a plant to 


[October, 1914. 


grow under any other conditions, and should 
do well in a shady corner of the stove. The 
flowers are not always pure white, I have 
found spikes of it with a dash of green, but 
all the varieties are beautiful.” 

The flower-spike depicted in this issue is 
one of several which were to be seen during 
the latter part of September in the establish- 
ment of Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., who 
cultivate the plants in a span-roofed house 
where a high temperature and plenty of 
atmospheric moisture are maintained during 
the growing season, but in which cooler and 
drier conditions are adopted when the resting 
season arrives. The plants are allowed to 
remain in the pots throughout the winter and 
are not disturbed until the spring time, 
at which season activity commences and 
repotting is necessary. The compost consists 
of good loam with the addition of a little 
fibre, such as osmunda, to keep it porous; in 
fact, just such a compost as is suitable for 
Cypripediums will do equally well for this 
species. Although, as previously mentioned, 
the plants like plenty of atmospheric moisture, 
care must be taken that water does not remain 
in the centre of the new growth when it 
appears in the early part of the year, for 
should this occur when the atmospheric 
conditions are not entirely suitable a slight 
rusty appearance manifests itself on the 
upper surface of the leaves, giving one the 
impression that thrip has been present. 
Shading from the direct rays of the sun 
will be found necessary during the greater 
part of the summer, but it should not be 
used to the extent usually adopted for 
Cypripediums. 

Years ago this species was known as 
Platanthera Susanne, and under this name is 
given in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. L, p. 162, 
an account of a method of propagation which 
does not appear to have been attempted in 
this country. Although it is probable that 
the stock of plants now under cultivation is 
sufficient to meet the usual demand, it would 
prove an interesting event to produce addi- 
tional plants by the method therein advised, 
for there may be a time when it will be 
impossible to procure further supplies. 


October, 1914. ] 


Tik -ORCHID WORLD. 


[f 


Habenaria Susanne, in the collection of Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Anguloa Ruckeri sanguinea, in the collection 03 O. O. Wrigley, Esgq., 
Bridge Hall, Bury, Lancs. 


[October, 


1914 


October, 1914. | 


ANGULOA RUCKERI. 
ae HE genus Anguloa was founded by the 


Spanish botanists Ruiz and Pavon, 

and dedicated by them to Don 
Francisco de Angulo, at that time director- 
general of mines in Peru, but owing to the 
brief diagnosis and the obscure manner in 
which it is worded Anguloa remained for half- 
a-century a botanical puzzle. The description 
was of A. uniflora. 

However, by the enterprise of a few English 
gentlemen much interested in Orchid culture, 
including Mr. Barker, of Birmingham, Mr. 
Rucker, of Wandsworth, and the Rev. J. 
Clowes, of Manchester, it was decided about 
the year 1841 to send a collector to Venezuela 
and Colombia. M. Linden undertook the task 
and reaped considerable success, discovering 
both Anguloa Clowesii and A. Ruckeri. 
The former was seen for the first time in 
Europe in March, 1844, when it flowered in 
the collection of Mr. Clowes. 

Anguloa Ruckeri was sent to the amateur 
whose name it bears and in whose collection 
it flowered in the year 1846. It was exhibited 
in the garden of the Horticultural Society in 
May of the same year, and was subsequently 
figured in the Botanical Magazine by Lindley, 
who remarked : —“ This charming plant makes 
the third species in our gardens of a genus 
which, in the spring of 1844, was a botanical 
puzzle. Such is the progress of scientific 
discovery when promoted by horticultural 
enterprise.” 

At the above meeting of the Horticultural 
Society the exhibition of Orchids alone, states 
the official report, was 48 yards long, in a 
double bank, nor was there a bad specimen 
among them, and indeed this was the great 
and gratifying feature of the show. 

Our illustration is of Anguloa Ruckeri 
sanguinea, an excellent specimen in the 
collection of Mr. O. O. Wrigley, Bridge Hall, 
Bury, Lancs., where it has been cultivated 
under the care of Mr. E. Rogers, who 
deservedly received a Cultural Certificate and 
Bronze Medal when the plant was exhibited 
at the Manchester Orchid Society, July 16th, 
1914 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 13 


This plant was purchased by Mr. Wrigley 
in 1910, and grew well during the following 
year. In 1912 it made a bulb 7} inches high 
and thick in proportion, but the next season, 
for some unexplainable cause, it entirely failed 
to make any growth whatever. This apparent 
loss, however, was remedied during the past 
summer, when the plant sent forth two strong 
growths at the same time, and shortly after 
produced the unusual number of 13 fully 
developed flowers, proof of which is given by 
the reproduced photograph. 

The flowers of the normal type of Anguloa 
Ruckeri are greenish-brown externally, yellow 
densely spotted with red on the inside; 
in the variety sanguinea the sepals and petals 
are deep sanguineous red on the inside, lip 
and column white, the former spotted with 
crimson. This latter variety has been known 
since the year 1854. 

This species was very rare until the 
actual habitat was discovered by Blunt while 
collecting for Messrs. Low and Co., about the 
year 1870, who found it on the slopes of the 
eastern Cordillera between Pamplona and 
Bucaramanga. 

Anguloas are by no means difficult to 
cultivate. They may be grown with much 
success in almost any fibrous compost, that 
consisting of good peat or osmunda with 
sphagnum moss and a little loam being very 
suitable. A temperature of about 55-60 
degrees Fahr., with a slight rise during the 
summer season, will be found quite sufficient. 
The young growths need a little care to 
prevent them being burnt by excessive sun- 
shine or a too frequent supply of water, but 
when the newly-made bulbs are nearing 
completion more light and air should be 
admitted in order to ripen them sufficiently 
to withstand the variations of winter treat- 
ment and to ensure further good results 
during the succeeding season. 

Propagation is readily effected by dividing 
the rhizome just before the growing season. 
Almost every bulb will push forth a new 
growth, although the older the bulb the 
weaker will be the attempt. Little water will 
be needed until new roots appear. 


14 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Lelio-Cattleya Pallas (L. crispa_X C. aurea). 


[October, 1914 


October, 1914-] 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


CyPRIPEDIUM DRvAD.—Raised by Mr. F. 
C. Puddle in the Scampston Hall collection, 
and resulting from Psyche (niveum x 
bellatulum) crossed with glaucophyllum, the 
influence of the latter yielding a continuation 
of flowers from the same spike. 

CATTLEYA GLADYS—Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean, Cooksbridge, Sussex, have recently 
flowered a very elegant hybrid between 
Atalanta (Leopoldii x Warscewiczii) and 
aurea. The fleshy nature of Leopoldi 1s 
inherited, as also is its three-lobed labellum, 
but in a lesser degree. The colour is rch 
rosy purple, the petals veined with darker 
tints, while the labellum has the lateral lobes 
margined with purple and the broad median 
lobe prominently veined and freckled with 
similar colour. The throat is bright golden- 
yellow, the same attractive colour being 
extended on the interior of each side lobe ; 
the central area is marked with crimson lines. 
The three species included in the making of 
this hybrid blend in a pleasing manner, and 
judging from the result of the first plant to 
flower, there will doubtless be many varieties 
of considerable beauty. 

CATTLEYA VENUSTA.—This is the result 
of crossing Armstrongie (Hardyana x Loddi- 
gesii) with intricata (Leopoldii x intermedia). 
It has been raised by Mr. Thurgood in the 
Rosslyn collection, the first flower being of 
much promise, the broad open labellum 
having the bright purple side lobes reflexed 
in an uncommon manner. 

CYPRIPEDIUM PICTUM. — Obtained by 
crossing nitens and glaucophyllum, the latter 
having a preponderating influence. Raised 
in the collection of Mr. H. T. Pitt, Rosslyn, 
Stamford Hill. 

CATTLEYA KATIE.—A further addition to 
the buff-yellow Cattleyas has been created by 
the intercrossing of aurea and fulvescens 
(aurea x Forbesu). Considering the unde- 
veloped state of the seedling which has just 
flowered it appears probable that compara- 
tively large flowers will be produced. Raised 
by Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 


Sussex. 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 15 


CATTLEYA ROSALIND.—Messrs. Stuart 
Low and Co., Jarvis Brook, Sussex, have 
raised this pleasing hybrid between Gaskel- 
liana and Mrs. Pitt (aurea x Harrisoniana). 
The colour is delicate rose with purple 
suffusion on the labellum. 

ODONTIODA CRISPILIA.—A_ brilliant red 
flower, neatly constructed, and arising from 
crossing Oda. Cecilia with Odm. crispum. 
Raised in the collection of Mr. Richd. G. 
Thwaites. 


ONCIDIUM FLEXUOSUM. 
H OWEVER extensive and beautiful an 


autumn show of Cattleyas may be, 

additional attractiveness is gained 
by the inclusion of a few golden-yellow 
Oncidiums. In fact, to such an extent has 
this necessity been recognised that it is very 
seldom any exhibitor stages a group during 
the autumn months without a reasonable 
number of these pleasing and easily purchased 
plants occupying favourable positions. 

One species that does appear to receive its 
due amount of recognition is O. flexuosum, 
a Brazilian plant introduced by Messrs. 
Loddiges about the year 1820. It may be 
easily distinguished by its creeping rhizome 
and the flexuose wiry branches of the 
inflorescence. The individual flowers, 
although small when compared with some 
species of the genus, are produced in large 
numbers, and are of bright golden-yellow 
colour with reddish-brown spotting on the 
sepals and petals. 

Although most writers describe this species 
as being of easy cultivation it is doubtful 
whether such is really the case. Some 
growers are fully satisfied if the plants can be 
kept alive for a few years, and with the 
annual production of one or two dwarf spikes 
of bloom, which is not sufficient recompense 
for the labour involved. Large masses of 
small bulbs are often to be seen resting on a 
pan of sour compost, the leaves being 
yellowish and unhealthy, while most of the 
roots have received a severe check and fail to 
assist the plant in obtaining the necessary 


16 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


nutriment. This is all in keeping with an old 
and unsatisfactory method of treatment. The 
practice of growing these plants in masses 
must be discontinued, for except in the most 
experienced hands no good results are ever 
achieved. 

The strongest plants should be selected, 
either from a recent importation or else from 
good healthy stock and reduced to pieces, 
consisting of about three strong bulbs and a 
vigorous lead. These should be placed singly 
in pots of a suitable size, and secured to an 
upright support firmly fixed with its base in 
the crocks, yet sufficiently tall to allow of one 
or two new leading bulbs being made, always 
remembering that the rhizome of this species 
is considerably elongated and thus arranges 
the bulbs several inches apart. A_ light 
compost in which plenty of sphagnum moss 
is incorporated should be used. 

A good growing atmosphere is_ very 
essential, and an intermediate-house tempera- 
ture will be required. A day temperature of 
75 degrees does not appear to be too much 
when the plants are in a growing condition. 
Of course, during the resting season a 
somewhat drier atmosphere of lower tempera- 
ture will suffice to maintain the plants in a 
healthy existence. Many aerial roots are 
formed, which in course of time find their way 
down to the compost and freely enter it in 
search of food. When growth is being 
produced frequent syringing of the plants 
and surrounding staging, etc., will be required 
to ensure a suitably moist condition. 

The above method therefore differs 
considerably from the old way of growing the 
species in masses. By treating each separate 
growth, with its accompanying two or three 
bulbs, as a separate plant remarkable success 
is secured, so much so that immense bulbs are 
made which yield strong and erect many- 
flowered spikes of considerable utility. When 
properly grown after this style O. flexuosum 
is very much more graceful than the larger 
flowered O. varicosum, and what is perhaps of 
still greater importance, there is little fear of 
the plants exhausting themselves and coming 
to a speedy death as is so often experienced 
with the last-mentioned plant. 


[October, 1914. 


CYPRIPEDIUM CONSTANCE. 


T is very doubtful whether our most recent 
| productions in hybrid Cypripediums are 
as graceful as those of former days. 
Fashion is mainly responsible for the broad 
and heavily built lateral petals which are 
almost always to be seen on present-day 
certificated plants, and while it is the aim of 
most hybridists to further accentuate these 
much esteemed and so-called good points it 
is questionable whether the real beauty of the 
flower is thereby enhanced. 

The illustration of Cypripedium Constance 
shows that an attractive flower may be 
produced in quite another style, and this by 
the elongation and decorative nature of the 
lateral petals. C. Constance is the result of 
crossing Curtisii with Stonei, and first 
appeared in the collection of Mr. D. O. 
Drewett during the year 1890. 

It was, however, not long before better 
results were achieved by Messrs. Veitch, who 
flowered a very superior variety produced by 
the use of the remarkable form of Stone 
known as platytenium. This was named 
James H. Veitch and obtained a First-class 
Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 
August 28th, 1894. Under the recognised 
rules of nomenclature the earliest name is 
always adopted, and for that reason Cyp. 
James H. Veitch must be regarded as a 
variety of Cyp. Constance, the parentage 
being practically identical. 


wy @w 


CyYPRIPEDIUM lo.—This attractive hybrid, 
of which we give an illustration, is the result 
of crossing Argus with Lawrenceanum, and 
was originally raised by Mr. N. C. Cookson, 
Wylam-on-Tyne. It has been said that “it 
bears the name Io in honour of her Royal 
Highness Io, daughter of King Inachus. Io 
having smiled in too gracious a way on 
Jupiter, had the sad fate to be changed into 
a cow by Juno, for a time, during which 
herbivorous period of her life she was watched 
by the hundred-eyed Argus. Now _ this 
Cypripedium being like Argus has been 
named Io in order to associate the two 
together.” 


October, 


1914. | 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Cypripedium Constance var. James H. Veitch. 


Cypripedium Io. 


I7 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Cypripedium Stonei platytenium. 


[October, 1914. 


October, 1914.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 19 


CYPRIPEDIUM STONEI. 
Ts very distinct species is a native of 


Sarawak, Borneo, where it occurs on 

limestone hills at 1,000-1,5000 feet 
elevation, growing generally on rocks where 
there is but little vegetable soil, and in the 
shade of the forest. Its discovery is due to 
Sir Hugh Low, who sent plants to Messrs. 
Low and Co., of Clapton, in 1860. Some of 
these plants flowered during the following 
year in the then celebrated collection of John 
Day, at Tottenham, and were named in 
honour of his gardener Stone. The flowering 
season extends from May to July. 

In 1863 a second importation was received 
by Messrs. Low and Co. Some of the plants 
passed into Mr. Day’s collection, among them 
being the magnificent variety known as 
platyteenium, although it was not until 1867 
when the plant first bloomed that the owner 
became aware of his valuable acquisition. 

This variety was carefully cultivated and 
several plants obtained by propagation, one 
of which was purchased at Mr. Day’s sale in 
1881 by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., for the 
sum of 140 guineas, a remarkable figure at 
that time. Baron Schréder also acquired a 
considerable portion of the stock. 


EARLY NOTES. 


N 1833 Mr. Bateman’s collection at 
| Knypersley Hall, Cheshire, was enriched 
by sending a collector to Demerara, but 
although the mission fell short of expectation, 
the success was sufficient to encourage others 
to embark in similar adventures. Among 
them was Mr. George Ure Skinner, a 
merchant trading with Guatemala, at that 
time an unworked mine in Natural History, 
and where there was believed to be a rich 
store of Orchids. Having heard of Mr. 
Skinner through the specimens of birds and 
insects which he presented to the Natural 
History Museum at Manchester, Mr. Bateman 
wrote to him in March, 1834, and explained, 
by means of sketches of some Orchids, what 
kind of plants he wished to see introduced 


from that country into England. Mr. Skinner 
responded to the appeal in a manner that far 
exceeded the expectation of the writer, and in 
less than ten years all the finest Orchids of 
Guatemala were in cultivation in British 
gardens, most of which flowered for the first 
time in Mr. Bateman’s houses at Knypersley. 

The many new and beautiful Orchids thus 
brought to light, together with the energy 
displayed by that gentleman both in practice 
and by his publications to promote Orchid 
culture, secured for him a very prominent 
position among the Orchid authorities of this 
country. So early as 1837 Sir William 
Hooker dedicated to him the volume of the 
Botanical Magazine for that year, which Mr. 
Bateman fancifully designated the annus 
mirabilis of Orchidology. 

It was in 1837 that Gibson brought to 
Chatsworth the rich collection he gathered on 
the Khasia Hills. In that same year Skinner 
sent to England the finest of the Guatemalian 
Orchids ; Cuming sent home his first consign- 
ment from the Philippine Islands including 
the first Phalaenopsis received alive in 
England, a single plant of P. Aphrodite; the 
brothers Schomburgk made their first contri- 
bution from British Guiana; and lastly, a 
Frenchman named Deschamps brought from 
Vera Cruz a large consignment of Mexican 
Orchids, nearly the whole of which was 
disposed of in England. Probably not less 
than 300 species were seen in England for 
the first time in that memorable year. The 
Orchidomania which had been rapidly 
spreading became greatly intensified by such 
an unusual addition of new forms. “From 
that time,” wrote Bateman, “houses for their 
accommodation were raised in every direc- 
tion ; pots for their exclusive use were sold in 
the shops of London; their blossoms were 
imitated by the most fashionable manufac- 
turers of artificial flowers; and the most 
munificent prizes were offered by horticultural 
societies for the finest specimens.” 

Probably no one contributed more to bring 
about this great change in the aspect of 
Orchid culture than Ure Skinner, pre- 
eminently one of the Orchid worthies of 
England, by whose untiring energy and 


20 THE ORCHID WORLD, 


disinterestedness the most beautiful Orchids 
of Central America became denizens for the 
first time of the glass-houses of Great Britain. 
The following particulars, extracted chiefly 
from an address delivered before the Royal 
Horticultural Society in February, 1867, by 
Mr. Bateman, will be read with interest :— 

“From the moment he received the letter 
he laboured incessantly to drag from their 
hiding places the forest treasures of 
Guatemala and transfer them to the shores of 
his native land. In pursuit of this object 
there was scarcely a sacrifice he did not make, 
or a danger or hardship he did not brave. In 
sickness or in health, amid the calls of 
business or the perils of war, whether detained 
in quarantine on the shores of the Atlantic 
or shipwrecked on the rocks of the Pacific, he 
never suffered an opportunity to escape him 
of adding to the long array of his botanical 
discoveries. 

“Never shall I forget my delight on 
opening the first box of Orchids he sent me, 
all carefully packed and in the best possible 
condition. Though gathered at random every 
plant was new. Masses of Epidendrum 
Skinneri (the first to flower and thence named 
after him), divers other Epidendrums, 
Oncidium Cavendishianum, On. leucochilum, 
and Odontoglossum bictonense, the first 
Odontoglossum that ever reached England 
alive.” 

Skinner’s subsequent discoveries and intro- 
ductions included Cattleya Skinner: and 
Lycaste Skinneri, which alone will keep his 
name in memory so long as Orchids continue 
to be cultivated. Schomburgkia _tibicinis, 
Epidendrum cnemidophorum, E. Stamford- 
ianum and Odontoglossum grande have an 
exceptional botanical interest in addition to 
their great horticultural merit. 

After the dispersion of Mr. Bateman’s 
collection, Mr. Skinner greatly assisted the 
Polish collector Von Warscewic, who brought 
to Europe many beautiful Orchids previously 
unknown, for such was his enthusiasm for 
Orchids that either personally or through his 
agents he continued to search for new species 
to the end of his life—From Veitch’s Manual 
of Orchidaceous Plants. 


|October, 1914. 


THE. RELATION® OF, EIGHT is 
GREENHOUSE, CULTURE: 


ULLETIN 144 of the Massachusetts 
B Agricultural Experiment Station con- 
tains an interesting article by Dr. 
George E. Stone, on “ The Relation of Light 
to Greenhouse Culture.” The summary is as 
follows : 

“The experiments described in this bulletin 
not only have a bearing on the physiology of 
crops, but also on greenhouse construction 
and management. 

“Light has an important influence on the 
configuration of plants. Since most of the 
plant energy is derived from the air through 
sunlight, the optimum lght conditions are 
important, and there is a marked difference 
in plants as regards their light requirements. 

“ During the short winter days many green- 
house crops do not obtain sufficient light, 
therefore any factor in greenhouse construc- 
tion which will increase the amount of light 
is important. 

“Lack of light is responsible for many 
greenhouse diseases; on the other hand, too 
intense light may prove harmful in some 
instances. 

“The old type of greenhouse was crude in 
construction, especially as regards light. The 
modern tendency is to build larger houses, to 
use stronger material casting less shade, and 
larger and better quality glass. 

“ Large houses can be constructed relatively 
more cheaply and managed more easily 
because there is a less rapid change of 
atmospheric conditions, etc. which helps to 
eliminate many greenhouse troubles. 

“Morning light is more intense than after- 
noon light, our experiments showing a 
difference of 10 per cent. and ranging as 
high as 30 per cent. for some months. This 
difference is not constant from day to day, 
from month to month or from year to year. 

“The difference between morning and 
afternoon light has a practical bearing on the 
location of greenhouses as regards points of 
compass. 

“The location of a house as regards points 
of the compass has a bearing on the practice 


October, 1914-] THE ORCHID 


of spraying plants, the yield of the crop, and 
to a certain extent on fungous infection. 

“To obtain the best results in a house 
running east and west, the house should be 
from 15 to 30 degrees north of east. This 
enables the plant to take advantage of the 
more intense morning light, and the crop can 
be syringed with less danger from infection. 

“The difference in morning and afternoon 
light may be shown by various chemical 
methods, as well as by the growth of trees, 
and of crops of cucumbers in north and 
south houses. Other things being equal, a 
crop will show greater development on an 
east than a west exposure. 

“There is considerable difference in the 
light transmitting properties of — glass. 
Second quality, double thick greenhouse 
glass transmits 18 per cent. less than No. 1, 
double thick, and the third quality double 
thick transmits 33 per cent. less than first 
quality and 15 per cent. less than second 
quality. 

“ An irregular surface, bubbles, etc., in glass 
act as lenses and affect the even diffusion 
of light. 

“New glass is slightly superior to used 
glass. The deterioration from dirt and other 
factors is much less than I per cent. per 
annum. 

“The more nearly the angle of the roof 
coincides with the right angle of the sun's 
rays the more light is transmitted. 

“Relatively steep roofs are superior to flat 
roofs for transmitting light. Records made 
in February show that a house with a roof 
angle of 40 degrees gave 18 per cent. more 
light than one with a 32 degrees angle roof. 

“ The reflection of light from surfaces varies 
greatly. In our experiments we found 
aluminium bronze to constitute the best 
reflector of light. 

“The practice of lapping glass causes some 
loss of light, an average of I1 per cent. in 
our tests. 

“There appear to be no important dif- 
ferences in the light of a greenhouse at 
different distances from the glass, practically 
the same light being obtained at 5 feet as at 
30 feet. The light to be had directly under 


WORLD. 21 


the glass, however, varies in intensity owing 
to the irregularity of the surface. 

“The loss of light from glass may vary 
from 13 to 30 per cent. or more, depending: 
on the quality and condition of the glass, 
and many other factors. 

“Double glazed houses are much inferior 
to those glazed with a single layer of glass.” 


Masdevallia Veitchiana, 


THE ORCHID WORLD, 


Cymbidium Tracyanum. 


[| October, 


1914. 


October, 1914. | EHE 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY, 


September Sth, 1914. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr. 
James O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. 
Veitch, Messrs. W. Bolton, Gurney Wilson, 
J. Charlesworth, E. H. Davidson, W. H. 
White, A. Dye, H. G. Alexander, J. E. Shill, 
J. Cypher, W. H. Hatcher, T. Armstrong, A. 
McBean, F. J. Hanbury, Stuart Low, R. A. 
Rolfe, S. W. Flory, and C. H. Curtis. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Cattleya Sibyl var. Lord Kitchener (aurea 
x iridescens), from Messrs. Hassall and 
Co., Southgate—-A grand result, in which 
the large flower has bronzy-yellow sepals 
and petals of broad dimensions and _ thick 
substance, the well-developed large labellum 
flatly arranged with the anterior portion 
ruby-crimson. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya iridescens aurifera (bicolor x 
Eldorado), from Messrs. E. H. Davidson and 
Co., Twyford—A very beautiful result and 
the best of its kind. Sepals and petals of 
excellent formation, bright golden-yellow, the 
labellum tinged with rose-purple. 

Lelio-Cattleya Thyone McBean’s variety 
(L.-C. Ophir x C. aurea), from Messrs. J. and 
A. McBean, Cooksbridge——An _ excellent 
result, in which the rich purplish-crimson 
labellum shows up well against the yellow 
sepals and petals. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill, 
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
neat group containing Cypripediums pictum, 
Chapmanu and Baron Schréder, Cattleya 
venusta (Armstrongiz x intricata), and a good 
variety of Cattleya Iris. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, secured a Silver Banksian Medal for 
an exhibit in which were the quaint Paphinia 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 23 


cristata, Cypripedium Maudie, Habenaria 
Susanne, several Brasso-Cattleyas and 
Odontoglossum hybrids. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a group 
of rare species and attractive hybrids, the 
latter including Odontioda Euterpe, Cypri- 
pedium Maudie and C. Chapmanu. Also the 
new Peruvian Zygopetalum Prainianum, with 
greenish sepals and petals marked with 
purple, the white lp with rose coloured 
callus. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvis Brook, 
Sussex, were awarded a Silver Banksian 
Medal for some fine hybrid Orchids. The 
best were Cattleya King Albert, C. Carmen 
(Warscewiczi x Lueddemanniana), Leelio- 
Cattleya Figaro (L. Iona x C. aurea) and 
Cattleya Lady Ingram alba, with pure white 
sepals and petals and rich crimson lip. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
Sussex, exhibited Cattleya Katie (fulvescens 
x aurea), a pleasing flower of buff colour, two 
distinct forms of B.-L.-C. Nola, one of which 
was prettily spotted on the labellum, and the 
distinct L.-C. Thyone McBean’s variety. 

R. G Thwaites, Esq., Streatham, showed 
the pretty Odontioda Madeline, as well as O. 
Leeana and three forms of O. Devossiana ; 
also Cattleya Euphrasia and a_ good 
Sophronitis hybrid. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, showed 
good varieties of Cattleya Hardyana, C. 
iridescens, C. Iris and the elegant C. Sibyl 
var. Lord Kitchener. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, exhibited 
the handsome Cuirrhopetalum  Rothschild- 
1anum, one of the finest species of the genus. 

Messrs. E. H. Davidson and Co., Twyford, 
showed Leelio-Cattleya Bola Davidson's 
variety (C. labiata x L-C. Bella), a large 
flower with the broad labellum rich crimson- 
purple. Also Cattleya Hardyana Orchid 
Dene variety and C. Harrisoniana alba 
Snowflake. 

R. Brooman-White, Esq., Arddarroch, 
Garelochhead, sent a cut spike of Odonto- 
glossum Alicia (Edwardii x crispo-Harry- 
anum), with large flowers handsomely 
blotched with violet-purple. 


24 THE ORCHID 


September 22nd, 1914. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr. 
Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs, F.. J. Hanbury, C. EbCirts; RK? As 
Rolfe, J. - Wilson. Potter, “Ay Wye; sh EL 
Davidson, F. Sander, S. W. Flory, W. Bolton, 
Gurney Wilson, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, 
W. H. Hatcher, R. G. Thwaites, and T. 
Armstrong. 
AWARD OF MERIT. 

Cattleya amabilis Fowler’s var. (labiata x 
Warscewiczil), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., 
Pembury.—The plant carried a spike of three 
very large flowers of rosy-purple colour and 
having all the segments well proportioned 
and arranged. 

H. YT. Pitt, Esq. Stamford Hill jwas 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat 
group, containing the rare Odontoglossum 
grande Pittianum, O. bictonense album, 
Cattleya Countess of Derby, the pretty 
Leho-Cattleya Hector, well-flowered Den- 
drobium Phalenopsis and Cypripediums. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
collection of autumn-flowering hybrids, those 
having Cattleya aurea in their parentage 
being particularly good. Cypripediums were 
well represented, while the rare species and 
those of botanical interest were noteworthy. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, received a Silver Banksian Medal for 
an exhibit containing the attractive Habenaria 
Susanne, Odontioda Brewu, Zygo-Colax 
Charlesworth and = various Sophronitis 
hybrids. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvis Brook, 
Sussex, obtained a Silver Banksian Medal 
for a well-arranged exhibit, in which were 
several elegant forms of Cattleya Adula, the 
true form of Cattleya guttata, Oncidium 
Kramerianum and Cattleya Gaskelliana “ My 
Lady,” a very delicate variety. 

Richd. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham, was 
awarded a Bronze Banksian Medal for an 
exhibit containing good varieties of Cattleya 
Adula and Odontioda Devossiana. A variety 
of Odontoglossum Uro-Skinneri with unusually 
broad segments was also noted. 


WORLD. |October, 1914. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, staged 
the new Cattleya Beatrice (Minucia x aurea), 
a charming hybrid; also C. Sibyl and C. 
iridescens, both excellent flowers. Cattleya 
Loddigesii alba and C. Empress Frederick 
alba were noteworthy plants. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
showed good forms of Cattleya Hardyana, 
the attractive Lzlio-Cattleya Thyone, fine 
varieties of Cattleya Iris and Peristeria elata. 

J.Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury, exhibited 
Cattleya Prince Edward (Schilleriana x 
Warscewiczi), a well-grown plant, with a 
spike of six large flowers of rich crimson- 
purple colour ; also Brasso-Lzlia Mme. Irene 
Mavrocordata. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
exhibited Cattleya Harrisoniana alba, the 
golden-yellow lLeelio-Cattleya Ophir var. 
Bonnie, and L.-C. Anthela Ashtead Park var. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY. 
August 13th, 1914. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Z. A. 
Ward, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. D. McLeod, 
H. Thorp, A. Hanmer, J. J. Bolton, A.J. 
Keeling, J. Lupton, R. Ashworth, W. 
Shackleton, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur. 

R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, was awarded 
a Silver-gilt Medal for a group of good 
Cattleyas, Cypripediums and others. 

Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden, received a 
Large Silver Medal for an attractive exhibit, 
containing several varieties of Cattleya Iris 
and excellent Cypripediums. 

Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn, and 
Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford, 
were awarded Silver Medals. 

AWARD OF MERIT. 

Cypripedium Dallas (Fairrieanum = x 
Curtisii), a good large flower showing the 
characteristics of both parents, from Messrs. 
A. J. Keeling and Sons. 

CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 

To Mr. G. Weatherby, gr. to Z. A. Ward, 
Esq. for Cattleya Atalanta (Leopoldu x 
Warscewiczil), carrying 17 flowers on one 
spike. A Bronze Medal was also awarded. 


Ze LA 
he 


EIR 
CEELOX) 


i 
es 


a 


ORCHID 


NOVEMBER, 


Fi 
WORLD. 


1914. 


IN@: TESS: 


AN ALBINO RESULT.—One more albino 
It is Cattleya 
Snowdon, obtained by crossing labiata alba 
with Suzanne Hye de Crom, the latter being 
the result of crossing white varieties of 
Gaskelliana and Mossie. Thus three albino 
Cattleyas have been connected and _ yield 
albino progeny. The raisers of C. Snowdon 
are Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 


Wells. 


hybrid can be _ recorded. 


THE EVOLUTION OF THE INFLORESCENCE. 
-—The study of the inflorescence from the 
evolutionary point of view has been strangely 
neglected. On this account we welcome the 
comprehensive article by Mr. J. Parkin, M.A., 
F.L.S., Trinity College, Cambridge, pub- 
lished in the last issue of the Journal of the 
Linnean Society (Vol. XLIL, pp. 511-563). 
The author states that Linnzus appears to 
have been responsible for the introduction of 
the term inflorescence, which literally means 
the time of flower-bearing. It was applied 
by the great Swedish naturalist to the 
arrangement of the flowers on the axis or 
axes. 


ORCHIDS OF SHIKOTAN.—“ The Flora of 
the Island of Shikotan,” by Hisayoshi 
Takeda, is the subject of an article in the last 
issue of the Journal of the Linnean Society 
(Vol. XLII, No. 287). Shikotan is a small 
island lying about sixty miles off the Port of 
Nemuro, in the extreme east of Yezo. Its 
area is about 140 square miles, the surface 


VOL. V. 


being extremely undulated with not a few 
mountains and many small hills. Orchids are 
represented by seven genera and fourteen 
species, their relative share in the flora being 
4s pic: 
are particularly rich in species of Platanthera, 
are found on the grassy slopes, while inside 
the dreary coniferous forests, in which only a 
few shade-loving plants can survive, exist 
Listera cordata, L. nipponica, and Ephippi- 
anthus Schmidtu. 
Microstylis, 


The light-demanding kinds, which 


The remaining genera 
Spiranthes, Orchis 
Gymnadenia, each of which is represented by 
a single species. 


are and 


“THE ORCHID REVIEW.’-—Amongst the 
contents of the October issue of this journal 
are illustrations and notes on Cattleya Sybil 
Lord Schombocattleya 
spiralis, Spiranthes gracilis, and three species 
of Habenaria. 


var. Kitchener, 


Mr. W. H. WHITE.—After more than 25 
years’ service as Orchid grower to the late 
Sir Trevor Lawrence, and subsequently to 
Elizabeth Lady Lawrence, Mr. W. H. White 
has decided to seek another appointment. 
The Burford Collection has long been noted 
for rare and valuable plants, many of which 
require exceptional skill for their successful 
cultivation. In this matter Mr. White has 
amply shown his ability, and received a large 
number of Cultural Commendations from the 
R.H.S. Orchid Committee, of which he was 
one of its original members. 


26 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Back BuLBs.—That it is possible for a 
plant to have too many back bulbs is no new 
thought, for when old bulbs have lost their 
means of self support they become a 
hindrance to the newer portion. Three to 
four strong bulbs is generally sufficient to 
support the new growth. Capt. Robert Twiss, 
Birdhill, Limerick, sends us two photographs 
of an Oncidium serratum which consists of 
only two bulbs, each about 7 inches in 
height, and a new growth, and carries a spike 
of 67 flowers. The same amateur also has 
in his collection a plant of Renanthera 
Imschootiana which, although only g inches 
in height, carries seven flower spikes. 


“SY “SS S34 


PROMISING SEEDLINGS.—Messrs. Arm- 
strong and Brown have two interesting little 
batches of seedlings which, apart from their 
promising parentage, are worthy of note on 
account of the rapid progress they have made. 
The first is between Cattleya aurea and C. 
Lueddemanniana_ Stanleyi, which should 
yield beautiful flowers of the albida section, 
that 1s, white sepals and petals and a coloured 
labellum. The seed was sown April 26th, 
1912, and the majority of the plants already 
have six little bulbs. The other is between 
C. Gaskelliana alba and C. O’Brieniana alba ; 
the seed was sown September 8th, 1912, and 
most of the seedlings possess five small bulbs. 


uy “y “uy 
ba “xX “ey 


CATTLEYA CLASIANA ALBA.—Although 
C. intermedia and C. Loddigesi bear a close 
resemblance to each other, they possess 
certain unvarying points which render them 
easily distinguishable. Considering the fact 
that both species are known to inhabit the 
same district in Rio de Janeiro, one would 
very naturally suppose that hybrids would be 
fairly plentiful, but such has not proved to 
be the case among the countless number of 
imported plants. Maybe this is because 
collectors have only gathered plants in 
districts where each species is fairly well 
separated, and have not touched upon ground 
where they grow intermixed. The first 
hybrid which appears to have been noticed 


| November, 1914. 


turned up with Messrs. Linden, of Brussels ; 
while another, though perhaps the same plant, 
flowered in Mr. J. Chamberlain’s collection, 
May, 1894. Exactly two years later the Hon. 
Walter Rothschild exhibited at the Royal 
Horticultural Society a Cattleya bearing the 
name intermedio-Loddigesu, and said to have 
been imported from Rio de Janeiro, the 
characteristics of the flower leaving little 
doubt as to the parentage being correct. In 
1889 Mr. T. L. Mead, of Oviedo, Florida, 
U.S.A., flowered the first of a batch of about 
100 seedlings, which he had raised between 
intermedia and Loddigesu, this being duly 
recorded as Cattleya Clesiana (Orch. Rev., 
1899, p. 72), and proving that the parentage 
suggested in the earlier known plants was 
correct. It is of interest to note that Mr. 
Mead raised the seedlings on a small piece 
of woollen blanket kept in the necessary 
condition of moisture. All the preceding 
remarks, of course, apply to the normally 
coloured forms. Now we have the pleasure 
of recording the flowering of a pure white 
variety, the first one of a batch of plants 
raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, by 
the use of intermedia alba and Loddigesu 
alba. The result is of interest, inasmuch as 
it shows the possibility of producing another 
albino hybrid, and is likely to yield plants 
of considerable vigour, judging from the 
well-known fact that the majority of hybrids 
are better growers than their parents. 


vy VAN A 
Bac ay A 


ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM.—This species has 
a bad reputation, for in few collections does 
it maintain the vigorous nature seen in newly 
imported plants. There is, therefore, pleasure 
in recording the success obtained by Mr. Alf. 
J. Paine, of Wanstead, Essex, who, it will be 
remembered, contributed to our issue of 
December, 1913, an interesting article on the 
cultivation of this species. Some old plants 
in this amateur’s collection have again 
produced excellent spikes, one having the 
large number of 251 flowers, while others 
have over 100. One plant carries three 
spikes, each 24 feet in height. 


November, 1914. ] ih ORCHID WORLD. 


to 


ba | 


Odontoglossum Mogul, a beautiful hybrid in the collection of Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, 
K.C.V.O., Westonbirt. 


Mr. JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN.—The Kew 
Bulletin, 1914, No. 7, contains an In 
Memoriam notice of this great statesman, 
who gave to Kew stimulus, encouragement 
and support, and who desired that in these 
historic gardens the people should have the 
enjoyment of the best that a rich man could 
afford. We cannot do better than reprint 
the paragraph more particularly concerning 
Orchids, which is as follows:—“ Kew 
possesses a collection of Orchids which from 
a scientific point of view has no rival. It has 
been built up by the energy and cultural skill 
of the present Curator. Mr. Chamberlain 
thought that more concession should be made 
to popular taste in growing showy kinds of 
no more than horticultural attraction. Kew 
cannot afford to give a thousand guineas for 
an Odontoglossum; nor can it be expected 
to reflect every whim of passing fashion. 
Mr. Chamberlain contributed Dendrobium 
hybrids, the result of crosses made with his 
own hand. It must have been a gratification 
to him when, in 1913, the munificence of Sir 
George Holford again realised his larger aim, 
and the Kew Orchids can now appeal equally 


to the eye and to the intellect. It must not 
be supposed that in such matters his own 
taste was otherwise than refined and catholic. 
He had a wide knowledge of cultivated 
species. His ‘button-hole’ was no affecta- 
tion, but a note of affection for the plants 
from which official life kept him aloof. One 
night in the House of Commons the late 
Lord Avebury, then Sir John Lubbock, also 
appeared with an Orchid in his button-hole. 
Mr. Chamberlain at once pounced upon it as 
something unknown to him. It was* our 
native Butterfly Orchid which Sir John had 
gathered that morning in his woods at High 
Elms. It is not trivial to touch on these 
matters. In drawing a portrait the small 
touches are at least as significant as the 
large outlines. Mr. Chamberlain’s aim was 
throughout consistent; he desired that the 
splendour of a garden should not be the 
privilege only of the rich. He had the gift of 
carrying with him the enthusiasm of all who 
worked under him, and as the advisor of the 
Government in all that concerns botanical 
enterprise in the Colonies he did excellent 
work.” 


28 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


| November, 1914. 


Cypripedium Godefroye leucochilum var. Hodgkinsonii. Awarded First-class Cerlifcate, 
R.H.LS., July 10th, 1906, when exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons. 


AWARD OF THE WHITE MEDAL OF 
Honour.—The Board of Trustees of the 
Massachusetts Horticultural Society has 
awarded the George Robert White Medal of 
Honour for the current year to Sir Harry J. 
Veitch, in recognition of his distinguished 
services 1n promoting the advancement of 
horticulture both in Great Britain and in the 
United States. This is the sixth award of 
this medal, which was established in 1908 by 
G. R. White, of Boston, to be awarded 
annually by the above Society to the person 
who has done the most in recent years 
towards the advancement of the interest in 
horticulture in its broadest sense. 


A 40 FT. FLOWER SPIKE—Mr. Geo. Day 
sends us part of the flower spike of Oncidium 
porrigens growing in Mr. H. S. Goodson’s 
collection, Fairlawn, Putney, and remarks that 
the total length is over 40 ft. Mr. Kromer 
sent the plant home along with O. macran- 
thum, to which it bears some resemblance, but 
the individual flowers, although extremely 
numerous, are considerably smaller. Sepals 
and petals brown tipped with yellow; 
lip cinnamon, bearing an orange coloured 
callosity. The specific meaning 
extending, was given to the plant by Reichen- 
bach, who first described it in the year 1868. 
A native of Colombia. 


name, 


November, 1914. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 29 


ODONTOGLOSSUM ALHAMBRA. 


nobile Harryanum 


| | 


| 
Rolteze crispum 


| 
Lambeauianum 


Harryanum triumphans 
| (ardentissimum) | (Mm, Valcke) 


Queen Alexandra 


(Crawshayanum) 


Alhambra, 


This will be an addition to the large lipped 
race that Harryanum has given. Blooming 
as it is from a very small plant in the extreme 
heat of July, what is now apparent is nothing 
to what it may be. 

Sepals and petals light yellow, almost 
covered with a marbling of light brown with 
a bluish slatey hue running through it. Lip 
very large, even on a very small plant, white, 


SCHOMBURGKIA TIBICINIS. 


Agri-Horticultural Society of India 

has for its frontispiece a reproduced 
photograph of Schomburgkia _ tibicinis 
erandiflora, and the following interesting 
particulars :— 

“The genus Schomburgkia is a native of 
Tropical America although the species in 
question is generally found in Honduras ; 
this produces very attractive flowers and is a 
desirable variety from many points of view, in 
spite of the fact that it is unfortunately very 
shy of flowering. 

“In growth the Schomburgkia resembles a 
Cattleya or Laelia with the flower-spike borne 
on a gaunt stem from the apex of the 
pseudo-bulb. 

“In the Society’s specimen the plant that 
flowered had 13 stems or pseudo-bulbs very 
hard, hollow and horn-shaped, all about 
12 inches in length with the exception of the 
one bearing the flower-spike, which was only 
6 inches long. The leaves were stout and 
leathery, oblong in shape, three to four on 
each stem, and the spike after all the flowers 
had opened was 6 feet high, though the 
flowers were only borne on about two feet 
of the stem at the extremity of the spike. 


S oy. last issue of the Journal of the 


VOL. V. 


three-quarters covered by lilac-purple spots. 
In form it is much like that of the pollen 
parent. 

I raised and bloomed this, the first of the 
seedlings, which have been exceptionally slow 
in growth. Sown June 14th, 1909.  Con- 
sidering the strong parentage this period of 
five years is rather remarkable. 

de B.Crawshay, Rosefield, July 27th, 1074. 


There were 10 flowers on the spike as a first 
batch, followed by an elongation of the tip 
which produced eight flowers and by a further 
erowth bearing three buds, this however 
being damaged in a hail storm. The first 
flowers were open from the 24th of March to 
the 18th April, and the second batch from 
the 20th April to the 15th May. 

“The individual flowers of the variety 
erandiflora were 2 inches across, petals and 
sepals rather narrow, oblong-obtuse in shape 
and undulate, of a pale carmine-purple in 
colour spotted on the outside with white, 
inside the carmine merged into pale orange 
towards the tips. The lip was very similar in 
shape to that of a Phaius, bemg marked 
like an Alpinia, the general colour of the 
outside being a _creamy-white — streaked 
at the widest part with purplish-carmine, 
while the inside was tigered chocolate- 
brown. The disc and front lobe was a 
pale yellow, tipped carmine, and the column 
a pale carmine. 

“A couple of plants of Epidendrum nemorale 
were in flower when the second batch of 
Schomburgkia came into bloom, and the 
opportunity was taken to hybridise both the 
Orchids. No pods set on the Schomburgkia, 
however, and only one on the Epidendrum, 
which fell off in June.” 


30 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


YELLOW CATTLEYAS. 


NE of the most obscure of Nature’s 
C) secrets is the means by which various 
colours aré produced in _ flowers. 
Recent research, however, has led to the 
discovery. of several facts of far-reaching 
importance, and there is good reason to 
believe that at some not far distant date the 
chemist will be able to give us practical 
advice on the production of many desired 
colours. But until the arrival of this 
important event the experiences of the past 
must be utilised to their fullest extent, and 
present methods continued with unabated 
vigour, 

Owing to the abundant supply of purple- 
coloured Cattleyas it is not surprising to find 
that hybridists have devoted considerable 
time and energy to the production of other 
colours, and of these yellow is certainly the 
most attractive. If the prevailing colour of 
Cattleyas were yellow, then Orchidists would 
no doubt seek after the production of purple 
flowers; but this, as we know full well, is not 
the case; the purple colour is everywhere in 
abundance, while yellow is unquestionably 
scarce. 

When the desire to produce yellow 
Cattleyas first occurred the prospects cer- 
tainly appeared fairly favourable, but as one 
experiment after another led to failure it soon 
became evident that the work was one of 
considerable complexity and full of dis- 
appointments. One species in preference to 
all others was selected by practically every 
hybridist as being certain to yield the desired 
results. This was Cattleya aurea, which, as 
we now know only too well, has failed to 
answer the expectations placed upon it. 

The golden-yellow of aurea never dominates 
the purple of its allied species. When in 
connection with Warscewiczil, as a natural 
hybrid (Hardyana), the yellow is always 
subordinate. Likewise, in all artificially 
produced hybrids between aurea and Triane, 
Mossiew, Mendelu, Gaskelliana, Luedde- 
manniana and labiata, respectively, in each 
of which the prevailing colour is purple. Yet, 
although in these hybrids the yellow is not 


[ November, 1914. 


visible it has a very marked effect in the 
beneficial manner in which the purple colour 
is rendered of a brighter nature. Conse- 
quently, the presence of the yellow, although 
hidden from view for the time being, remains 
undoubted. 

From the above facts one would naturally 
suppose that the purple pigment is the real 
ageressor, and if only it could be removed, 
then, doubtless, the yellow would appear in 
all its splendour. But with this our promising 
prognostications once again end in further 
disappointments. 

There are many examples of the afore- 
mentioned species which are in an albino 
state, and these, being without the appar- 
ently aggressive purple pigment, gave 
considerable hope that by their use the large 
flowering yellow Cattleya might even yet be 
obtained. Results, however, have proved 
that such is not likely to be the case. The 
following hybrids made with aurea and 
albino forms of the respective species have 
recently flowered, and in not a single instance 
has the yellow colour of aurea been able to 
manifest itself: —-C. Maggie Raphael alba 
(Trianee alba x aurea), C. Empress Frederick 
alba (Mossiz Wageneri x aurea), C. Lord 
Rothschild alba (aurea x Gaskelliana alba) 
and C. Hardyana alba (Warscewiczii Frau 
Melanie Beyrodt x aurea). In all these 
hybrids the sepals and petals are either white 
or creamy-white; the labellums coloured as 
expected. 

We must next consider several hybrids 
which cannot exactly be classed in the yellow- 
flowering section, although when used in the 
making of subsequent generations they have 
proved of unexpected value in this respect. 
They are Chamberlainiana (Leopoldu x 
aurea), Iris (bicolor x aurea), iridescens 
(bicolor x Eldorado), and Mrs. Mahler (bicolor 
x Leopoldi). In the making of these the 
original intention of the hybridist was not so 
much the production of pure yellow flowers, 
but rather the bringing forth of other good 
qualities, such as stiffness of sepals and petals, 
good shape, and attractive colours. These 
four hybrids have yielded flowers of a more 
or less bronzy-yellow, each one having its 


November, 1914. | THE ORCHID WORLD: 31 


Lelio-Cattleya luminosa “Canary” (C. aurea X L. tenebrosa “ Walton Grange 


var.”). 


own characteristic points of formation and 
colour tint, yet all beautiful and at one time 
or another valuable plants from a commercial 
aspect. 

It should further be noted that each of the 
above hybrids has either Leopoldu or bicolor 
as one parent, in one case both are present, 
and an examination of the flowers of these 
two species will show that they possess a 
peculiar greenish-yellow tint; what this is 
really composed of is more than can be deter- 
mined, but it appears to be just the material 
that is required to produce a bright yellow 
colour when used in correct proportion with 
aurea. As proof of this the following crosses 
have yielded some astonishing results :— 
Antiope (Chamberlainiana x aurea), Venus 
(Iris x aurea), Sybil (iridescens x aurea) and 
Pandemus (Mrs. Mahler x aurea). Of course, 
reversion has taken an active part, resulting 
in many undesirable varieties, but against this 
there has been a satisfactory number of 
beautiful results, flowers in which the sepals 
and petals are pure bright yellow, of varying 
intensity. With regard to size the flowers are 
not quite so large as that of aurea, but this 


Sepals and petals canary-yellow. In the Westonbirt collection. 


defect may be remedied in course of time by 
further crossing with carefully 
parents ; probably an additional mating with 


selected 


aurea will produce the desired result. 

An interesting experiment could be carried 
out by the making of an improved Chamber- 
lainiana by means of the albino form of 
Leopoldu, described on page 2 of this volume. 
There does not appear to be any reason why 
the albino nature of this particular variety 
should not be carried forward in the same 
manner that L. tenebrosa “ Walton Grange” 
variety 1s perpetuated in certain forms 
of L.-C. luminosa. L.-C. Mrs. Donald 
MacMaster (luminosa x aurea) is a recent 
success, the sepals and petals in many 
varieties being bright golden-yellow. 

This latter remark brings us to the making 
of a yellow Cattleya by the assistance of 
various Leelias: Lelio- 
Cattleyas would be a better term to use, 
although having regard to the fact that a 
Lelia has probably been used but once they 
are more inclined to be Cattleyas than 
Lelias so far as their actual parentage is 
concerned. In these we find much use has 


perhaps yellow 


o>) 
iv 


THE (ORCHID 


WORLD. | November, 1914 


Lelio-Cattleya Sunstar (Andromeda X Myra). Sepals, petals and labellum bright 
canary-yellow. In the collection of C. J. Phillips, Esq., Sevenoaks. 


been made of L. xanthina, a_ Brazilian 
species that also possesses an uncommon 
greenish-yellow colour. 

in, ILC 
result can only be considered moderately 
good, but in L.-C. 


greater success is obtained, no doubt owing 


Ophir (xanthina aurea) the 


Thyone (Ophir x aurea 


to the correct amount of this greenish-yellow 


material being included. During the present 


a A 


‘ear many exceptionally fine results have 
been seen in L.-C. Thyone, and others will 
oubtless follow. L.-C. Norba (xanthina 


Mossiz) is another hybrid that mated with 


aurea gives satisfactory results, these being 
known under the name L.-C. Mrs. Phayre. 
One of the earliest of the yellow Lelio- 
Golden Glory Mossize 
L.-C. Zephyr), the latter parent 
hybrid 


Cattleyas was 
Reineckiana 
being a 
Mendelii. 


Lelia flava possesses the desired bright 


between xanthina and 


canary-yellow colour, but it 1s unfortunately 
of comparatively diminutive size. Neverthe- 
less, its continued use has produced, slowly 
but surely, many worthy additions to the 
yellow race. The value of this species 
depends entirely on its pure yellow colour, 
and not, as in previously mentioned species, 
on any greenish-yellow material, whatever 
that may consist of. Hybrids made by its 
use are plentiful, but a consideration of the 
following will be sufficient to prove its utility : 

L.-C. Andromeda (flava x aurea), Myra 
(flava x Triana) and Sunstar (Andromeda x 
Myra), of which an illustration is included in 
the present issue principally to show its 
form ; in colour it is bright canary-yellow. All 
these hybrids possess the desired pure yellow 
colour, but taken on the whole they are con- 
siderably smaller than those containing aurea. 

L. Cowan must also be included, for with 
it and aurea the pretty L.-C. Ariel has been 


November, 1914. ] THE 


produced. L.-C. Gold Star (Ariel x Mendelii) 
is a good example of the succeeding genera- 
tion. A favourable combination of flava and 
Cowanu is seen in L.-C. Euripides, the result 
of crossing Myra (flava x Triane) and Gold 
Crest (Cowanu x Schréderze). 


ORCHIDS AT TUNBRIDGE 
WELLS. 


T this season of the year a large 
A number of Cattleyas are to be seen 
in their best attire. The past summer 
has been very favourable for the production 
of vigorous and well-matured bulbs, which 
alone can yield the splendid results so 
eagerly sought after by amateurs and trade 
growers alike. The Cattleyas cultivated by 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Sandhurst 
Park, Tunbridge Wells, have this season 
surpassed anything previously seen in their 
establishment; this encouraging result being 
undoubtedly due to the excellent situation 
and highly beneficial climate, and also to 
the correct cultural treatment at all times 
afforded the plants. 

Yellow-flowering Cattleyas are much in 
evidence, and include several attractive 
varieties of C. Orion (Hardyana x aurea), the 
labellum often being bordered with rich 
crimson; C. Iris, which ranges from bronze- 
yellow to mahogany colour; C. conspicua 
(bicolor x Gaskelliana), of varying buff tints 
shaded with light rose; C. Acis (Maronu x 
aurea), a very bright and attractive flower of 
golden-yellow colour; and Maroniris, a new 
hybrid between Maronu and Iris, which 
promises to yield many pleasing varieties of 
bronze and yellow-tinted flowers that will no 
doubt prove of further value for hybridisa- 
tion, having regard to the fact that the 
parents are made up of aurea, bicolor and 
velutina. One other novelty worthy of notice 
is C. Pandemus, the result of crossing aurea 
and Mrs. Mahler (bicolor x Leopoldii), the 
influence of Leopold yielding many-flowered 
spikes, otherwise the blooms resemble a small 
form of C, Iris. 


VOL. V. 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 


WwW 
WwW 


The greenish-yellow Lelia xanthina has 
been responsible for more than one good 
result, though probably L.-C. Ophir (xanthina 
x aurea) is the best known and has been most 
utilised. In L.-C. Thyone (Ophir x aurea) a 
large flower with upstanding petals of rich 
yellow colour can be seen alongside L.-C. 
Sandhurstiana (Ophir x Hardyana), which 1s 
somewhat larger, and shows signs of C. 
Warscewiczii contained in the Hardyana 
parent; both plants are worthy additions to 
any collection. L.-C. Rainbow has for its 
parents Iris and Phryne (xanthina x 
Warscewiczii), several of the seedlings have 
already produced attractive flowers of buff- 
yellow colour, the labellum more or less 
marked with crimson. Although there is 
hardly a collection which does not already 
contain one or more plants of Brasso-Cattleya 
Mrs. J. Leemann, a steady demand still exists 
for good varieties and unflowered plants. 

Lelio-Cattleya Woodhams_  (L. 
purpurata x C. Hardyana) is represented by 
many large specimen plants, all of choice 
variety. The flowers of this hybrid are 
among the darkest and richest of all the 
Lelio-Cattleyas, and on that account it is not 
surprising to find that Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown have largely utilised them for the 
production of further good results. Success 
has been achieved in L.-C. Maqueda (G. 
Woodhams x C. Lord Rothschild), which 
carries a spike of four large flowers of vivid 
purple; L.-C. Probus (C. Octave Doin x G. 
Woodhams); L.-C. Pronax (L.-C. elegans x 
G. Woodhams); L-C. Armstrongie (G. 
Woodhams x C. Iris); and Priola (G. Wood- 
hams x C. Mrs. Pitt). Another new hybrid 
just coming into flower is L.-C. Brutus (L.-C. 
bletchleyensis x C. Warscewiczi1). 

Of the older and better known hybrids 
there are to be seen many plants of Cattleya 
Evadne (Percivaliana x Schilleriana); C. Ajax 
(L.-C. Armstrongiz x aurea); L.-C. Sunset, a 
beautiful hybrid between L. Jongheana and 
C. Percivaliana; L.-C. Acis (Maronu x 
aurea); C. Oberon (Fabia x Hardyana), of 
bright, rich purple; and Cattleya Hardyana, 
Rosslyn variety. 

Albinos are represented by Lelia purpurata 


George 


6 


34 THE ‘ORCHID 


WORLD. [November, 1914. 


Cattleya Maggie Raphael alba (C. Triane alba x C. aurea). 
A fine variety in the collection of Richd. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham. 


Lewisu, the only colour being a few faint 
lines on the labellum; a very fine variety of 
Cattleya Dusseldorfe1 Undine; the new C. 
Cleesiana alba, fully described in another part 
of this issue; several varieties of C. labiata 


alba; and C. Snowdon, a very interesting 
hybrid between C. Suzanne Hye de Crom 
(Gaskelliana x Mossiz) and C. labiata, all 
three species being albino forms and yielding 
a further albino result. 


November, 1914. | THE ORCHID WORLD. a5 


One of the most interesting features of this 
establishment is the large batch of Cattleya 
Maggie Raphael (Triane alba x aurea). The 
plants are a picture of good health, while the 
immense number of flower sheaths 1s 
astonishing, even small plants showing signs 
of bloom. This hybrid commences its 
flowering season in the early part of 
December and continues until the latter part 
of January, thus furnishing an abundance of 
bloom during the Christmas season and 
during what would otherwise be the dullest 
eight weeks in the year. There is, as one 
would expect, a certain amount of variation 
in the flowers, some being of broader dimen- 
sions than others, and having brighter purple 
on the labellum. In the majority of cases the 
sepals and petals are pure white. These 
plants possess a remarkable amount of vigour; 
no matter how small may be the back bulb 
that is severed from the plant, it quickly 
commences to make a new growth and 
rapidly increases in size. 

It may here be worth while to mention the 
compost that is almost always used for 
Cattleyas and allied species and hybrids. It 
consists of a mixture of A.1 and Osmunda 
fibres in about equal parts, to which is added 
a little sphagnum moss, some finely broken 
crocks, and a small quantity of clean oak 
leaves. Although it is not advisable to repot 
plants during the winter months whenever 
the collection is situated near a large town, 
with a consequent loss of bright light and 
growing conditions, this remark does not 
apply to Tunbridge Wells, where repotting 
may be carried out right through the winter 
months. The large batch of Cattleya Maggie 
Raphael is always attended to directly the 
flowers have been removed, a time when root 
action is dormant, and consequently when 
little or no harm can be done to the plant’s 
constitution. By the time the last plant has 
been attended to there is abundant sign of 
root action, and before many more weeks 
have elapsed new roots can be seen pushing 
forth in every part of the new compost. 
Some of the plants have made two succeeding 
bulbs in one season, and although they are 
of almost normal size the flowering results do 


not appear to be in any way more satisfactory 
than when only one growth is made during 
the season. Still, if a rapid increase of the 
stock is required this vigorous habit is much 
to be desired. 

Miltomias include many choice varieties of 
vexillaria, which grow very satisfactorily in a 
span-roof house wherein a regular tempera- 
ture of 60-65 degrees is maintained. Two 
very meritorious Miltonias with large hand- 
somely-blotched labellums bear the names 
J. Gurney Fowler and Miss Louisa Fowler. 
Odontonia brugensis, an interesting hybrid 
between M. vexillaria and O. Edwardii, will 
soon be in flower once again. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM AMONILLA. 


cristatum Kegeljani 


ame | 
eristatellum Harryanum nobile crispum 
| | | | (blotched) 
| | 
Amonasro armainvillierense 
| a | (Theodora) 


Amonilla, 

This plant bloomed upon the “eve of the 
War,” hence the delay in its description 
appearing. Being one of my _ secondary 
hybrids from cristatellum it has, perhaps, 
more interest to me than anyone else, as the 
preponderance of “expression” in the bloom 
is easily seen to come from that parent. 

The massive coloration derived from 
Harryanum in all its power is very strongly 
marked. Sepals light yellow, almost entirely 
covered by deep brown having a slight shade 
of slate colour in it, the tips, margins, and 
two bars across the brown being the only part 
unbrowned. Petals have less heavy brown 
areas, marbled pretty much, as is usual in 
Harryanum hybrids. Lip pure white and 
very large, having one immense arrow-head 
blotch of bluish-sheened brown. 

This should make a fine parent, and being 
crossed from a very lilac crispum and very 
purple Thompsonianum ought to bring the 
“blue” a step further. This is the second 
plant of this cross to bloom. 

ade B.Crawshay, Rosefield, October ath, 1974. 


36 HE ORCHID 


SCUTICARIA STEELEL. 


HIS plant was introduced from 

ak Demerara in 1836 by Mr. Matthew 

Steele, by whom it was presented to 

Mr. Moss, of Otterspool, near Liverpool, in 

whose garden it flowered for the first time in 
this country in the following year. 

Many plants considerably unlike in appear- 
ance were at one time classed as Maxillarias, 
and it was not until Lindley, in 1843, made a 
revision of the genus that anything approach- 
ing order was obtained. This renowned 
Orchidologist stated :——“ In 1833 the number 
of species was inconsiderable, and consisted 
of plants extremely different in appearance, 
as well as structure, but connected by the 
common character of a pair of simple or 
two-lobed pollen-masses, having a distinct 
gland with a single caudicula, and belonging 
to a flower whose lateral sepals, oblique at 
their base, were adherent to the lengthened 
foot of the column. In fact Mawxillaria, among 
Vander, answered in many respects to 
Dendrobium among Malaxee. 

“But experience has shown that such a 
character as this brings into association plants 
of very different appearance, that it includes 
many other characters, of as much importance 
as itself, and brings together a group of 
species inconveniently large for systematical 
purposes. Such being the case it has now 
become desirable to reconsider the distinctive 
marks of Maxillaria, to see how far they are 
capable of sub-division.” 

Lindley then defined the true Mavxillarias, 
species with radical inflorescence, and a 
pseudo-bulbous growth, and added :—* As 
for Maxillaria Steelei, with its long thonged 
leaves and deficient pseudo-bulbs, it has 
nothing of the aspect of a Maxillaria, and 
having a pair of double pollen-masses sitting 
on a gland tapering to each end with the 
form of a _ gliding serpent, it may be 
advantageously struck off under the name 
Scuticaria.” 

The stems are as thick as an ordinary 
writing pencil, 1-2 inches long, invested with 
greyish, lacerated, membraneous — sheaths. 
Leaves quite pendulous, tapering towards the 


WORLD. [November, 1914. 
apex, 1-4 feet long. Peduncles one to three 
flowered. Flowers nearly 3 inches in 
diameter, light yellow spotted with red-brown, 
the fleshy crest of the lip orange-yellow. 


ANCISTROCHILUS 
THOMSONIANUS. 


ple > pretty little Orchid, at one time 


very rarely seen in cultivation, and 

even now none too often, was 
originally discovered by Kalbreyer when 
collecting Orchids in West Tropical Africa 
for Messrs. Veitch and Sons. It was described 
by Reichenbach in 1879 under the name 
Pachystoma Thomsoniana, being dedicated, 
at the discoverer’s request, to “the late Rev. 
George Thomson, who was unusually kind- 
hearted in his English reception of the 
German traveller.” All previously recorded 
species were of Asiatic origin, hence this one 
was of more than ordinary interest. Sir 
Joseph Hooker, however, much doubted 
whether it really belonged to Pachystoma, 
although he was unable to find a more 
suitable genus in which to place it. Subse- 
quently, Mr. Rolfe created a new genus for 
its reception, under the name Ancistrochilus, 
in allusion to the hook-like lobe of the lip. 

It is a native of the mountains of Old 
Calabar, in West Africa, and consequently 
inhabits one of the hottest parts of the globe. 
For its successful cultivation a constantly 
warm and moist atmosphere must be 
provided, such as is obtained in_ the 
Phalenopsis house. Suitable provision should 
be made for its sub-terrestrial, creeping 
habit, such as a shallow pan or teak basket 
that can be conveniently suspended near the 
roof-glass of the house. The sepals and 
petals are white, the lip traversed by five 
raised longitudinal purple lines. It is, as Sir 
Joseph Hooker once remarked, “a _ very 
lovely species; its graceful form and the 
purity and brillancy of its white, and the 
vividness of its purple, render it one of the 
most beautiful Orchids of its type and habit, 
which remind one a good deal of some 
Pleiones.” 


37 


WORLD. 


ORCHID 


TE 


November, 1914. | 


“snuDIUOSULOY | SN]1YIO1}S1OU 


[November, rgr4. 


ORCHID WORLD. 


THE 


38 


Scuticaria Steelei, 


November, 1914. | THE ORCHID 


BARKERIAS. 


LTHOUGH Barkerias are often 
included in the genus Epidendrum 
it is advisable from the cultivator’s 

purpose to keep them separate. Being 
natives of Central America and Mexico, they 
may be expected to succeed well in company 
with Lelia anceps. Plenty of ventilation 
whenever the outside atmospheric conditions 
will allow, a light position near the glass, with 
slight shading during the hottest period of 
the summer, and plenty of moisture at the 
roots during the growing season, are their 
principal requirements. In order to preserve 
the plants in a healthy condition during the 
winter months the amount of moisture should 
be considerably reduced. 


Barkeria elegans. 


Barkeria elegans is the species upon which 
the genus was founded by Knowles and 
Wescott. It was introduced from Mexico 
in 1837 by Mr. Barker, of Birmingham, 
through his collector Ross, but it seems 
to have disappeared from cultivation soon 
afterwards. It was re-introduced in 1853 by 
Mr. Linden, through Ghiesbreght, who 
collected it on the slopes of the Guerrero 
Mountains near the Pacific coast of Mexico, 
north of Acapulco, where it is said to grow 
chiefly on stunted Crescentia trees. The 
terete stems are g to 12 inches high; leaves 
linear-lanceolate, acute, 3 to 4 inches long. 


WORLD. 39 


Flowers 14 inches across, of dark rose 
colour, the lip whitish and with a large 


rosy-purple blotch near the apex. 


Barkeria Lindleyanum. 


i: eiiadleyana’ has terete stems $ to 
12 inches in height, with leaves 4 to 5 inches 
long. The many-flowered spikes have blooms 
2 inches across vertically, of bright rose- 
purple, except the disc of the lip which 1s 
white. It usually flowers during September 
and October. The variety Centere has 
larger flowers, with the lp more acute, and 
generally of a deeper colour, especially the 
apical portion of the lip. It is dedicated to 
Mrs. Center, the wife of the then superin- 
tendent of the Panama Railway. This 
species was originally discovered in Costa 
Rica in 1839, and flowered for the first time 
under cultivation in 1841. The variety 
Centecre was introduced in 1873. The months 
of November and December see this plant at 
its best. 


Barkeria Skinneri. 


40 iE VORCHLD 


B. Skinneri is a beautiful free-flowering 
species, with erect stems a foot high clothed 
with rather fleshy leaves. 
many discoveries of Mr. Ure Skinner, who 
sent it to Mr. Bateman in 1835, in whose 


It is one of the 


collection it flowered during the following 
year. It is a native of Guatemala, where it 
grows upon trees on the mountains. The 
flower-spikes are often 2 feet in length, 
each bearing from twenty to thirty flowers, of 
bright magenta-purple, except the yellow 
disc and orange lamelle of the lip. The 
period of blooming is from November to 
February, so it forms one of the best of 
winter-flowering Orchids. 

B. spectabilis was also sent from Guatemala 
by Mr. Ure Skinner. It is a charming species, 
with cylindrical stems 4 or 5 inches high. 
The spikes carry eight or ten spreading 
blooms, each about 3 to 4 inches wide, of 
rosy-lilac colour, the lip paler and spotted 
with deep purple. Specimens have been 
grown with as many as twenty spikes of 
bloom, and when so exhibited have a fine 
effect. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


CATTLEYA BEATRICE—A very beautiful 
result has been achieved by Messrs. Hassall 
and Co., who raised this hybrid between C. 
Minucia (Loddigesi x Warscewiczi1) and C. 
aurea. The colour of the thick upstanding 
sepals and petals is bright golden buff, the 
open labellum of similar colour but with a 
broad crimson-purple band round the margin. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA STELIS.—Raised by 
Mr. Thurgood in the Rosslyn collection, 
Stamford Hill. The parents are L.-C. bletch- 
leyensis and C. intricata, the latter being a 
natural hybrid between intermedia and 
Leopoldu, although it has also been raised 
artificially. 

CATTLEYA GENERAL Pavu.—This new 
primary hybrid between Lueddemanniana 
and labiata has been recently flowered by the 
raisers, Messrs. Sander and Sons. The 
flower is of large dimensions, and clearly 
shows the characteristic marbling on the lip 
of the former parent. 


WORLD. | November, 1914. 


CATTLEYA GENERAL FRENCH.—Messrs. 
Sander and Sons have raised this attractive 
hybrid, the parents being C. Ella (Warsce- 
wiczii x bicolor) and C. Dowiana. Some of 
the seedlings resemble large forms of C. Iris 
and C. Adula, while others take after the 
well-known C. Hardyana. 

CATTLEYA MARONIRIS.—The name of 
this hybrid suggests its parentage, Maronu x 
Iris, which is made up of aurea, bicolor and 
velutina, hence the progeny will be mainly of 
yellow and bronze-yellow tints. Raised by 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells. 

LA4LIO-CATTLEYAS.—The following have 
been raised by Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown :—L.-C. Pronax (L.-C. elegans x L.-C. 
Geo. Woodhams), L.-C. Probus (C. Octave 
Doin x L.-C. Geo. Woodhams), L.-C. Priola 
(L.-C. Geo. Woodhams x C. Mrs. Pitt), L.-C. 
Pylos (C. Caduceus x L.-C. Geo. Woodhams), 
L.-C. Brutus » (le C, [bletchleyensis ie 
Warscewiczii), and L.-C. Pirus (L.-C. luminosa 
x L.-C. elegans). 

CATTLEYA PANDEMUS.—A useful hybrid 
composed of the three species bicolor, 
Leopoldu and aurea, the first two having been 
connected many years ago in the Woodlands 
collection where it was known under the 
name C. Mrs. Mahler. This last-mentioned 
plant and C. aurea have been used by Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown in the production of 
C. Pandemus. 

CyMBIDIUM HANBURYANUM—A very 
attractive primary hybrid between Tracyanum 
and erythrostylum has been raised in the 
collection of Mr. Fred. J. Hanbury, Brock- 
hurst, East Grinstead. The flowers, borne 
5-0 on semi-erect spikes, are light greenish- 
yellow in colour, the sepals and upstanding 
falcate petals lined with dull crimson; the 
three-lobed hairy labellum heavily spotted 
with dark crimson on the mner side of the 
lateral lobes, and with larger spots on the 
yellowish median lobe; column arching in 
form, of rose-red colour, anther cap creamy- 
white. This is the second hybrid of C. 
erythrostylum to be recorded, the first 
being C. Florinda, described in Vol. IV., 
p: 36: 


November, 1914. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 41 


CATTLEYA GENERAL SMITH-DORRIEN.— 
This was exhibited by Col. J. Rutherford, 
M.P., Blackburn, at the Manchester Orchid 
Society, September 24th, 1914. The parents 
are Maronu and Mantinu. 

CATTLEYA BRONZE KING.—A _richly- 
coloured flower of bronze-red colour resulting 
from the use of C. Davisu (velutina x 
Hardyana) and aurea. In shape it resembles 
velutina, but is larger in all the segments. 
C. Davisii was originally shown by Mr. J. 
Gurney Fowler in September, 1906; C. 
Bronze King has just flowered in his collection 
at Pembury. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM URO-EXCELLENS.— The 
parentage of this interesting hybrid is almost 
given in its specific name, being Uro- 
Skinneri and excellens, the latter a natural 
hybrid between triumphans and Pescatorel. 
In structure the flower resembles Uro- 
Skinneri, but the coloration is nearer to 
excellens. The broad labellum is creamy- 
white with dark rosy-crimson blotches, and a 
row of irregular rose spots inside the margin. 
Received an Award of Appreciation when 
exhibited at the Manchester Orchid Society, 
September 24th, by Mr. Richd. Ashworth, in 
whose collection at Newchurch it was raised. 

DENDROBIUM TRIUMPH.—This is a_par- 
ticularly interesting hybrid between  thyrsi- 
florum and pulchellum, the latter parent being 
better known in gardens under the name 
Dalhousieanum. The stout stems are about 
three feet in height, while the drooping 
raceme consisted of eight flowers, the broad 
sepals and petals yellowish-white, the open 
labellum rich yellow. Raised by Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge Wells. 

SOPHRO-CATTLEYA ARIADNE.—An inter- 
esting primary hybrid between S. grandiflora 
and C. Schilleriana. The sepals and petals 
are somewhat narrow, a deficiency which is 
more than made up by the particularly rich 
bronze-red colour; the labellum three-lobed, 
the median segment broad and flat, rose- 
crimson veined with dark purple. To Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown is due the credit of 
raising and flowering this hybrid, which 
cannot by any means be considered an easy 
one to cultivate. 


CATTLEYA LEDRU ROLLIN. 
result obtained by crossing Carmen (Luedde- 
manniana x Warscewiczu) and Fabia. Sepals 
and petals rosy-mauve, the labellum rich 
crimson-purple. Flowered by Mr. Arthur 
Meyer, Briars, Whetstone. 

ZYGOPETALUM BLACKI—The parents of 
this plant are Perrenoudi (intermedium x 
Gauter1) and crinitum. Sepals and petals 
greenish, heavily blotched with purple-brown, 
the hairy labellum white veined with rich 
violet-purple. Recently exhibited by Messrs. 
Flory and Black, Slough. 

LA@LIO-CATTLEYA PATHEUS.—The result 
of crossing L.-C. Geo. Woodhams and C. 
Armstrongiea. Raised by Messrs. Armstrong 
and Brown, Tunbridge Wells. 

LA@LIO-CATTLEYA PARUDA. — Another 
attractive hybrid raised by Messrs. Armstrong 
and Brown. ‘The parents are L-C. Geo. 
Woodhams and C. Mrs. Mahler (Leopoldu x 
bicolor). 


A pleasing 


FLOWERS IN SEASON.—Among the flowers 
kindly sent by correspondents the following 
are worthy of mention:—Cattleya Dido 
(Bowringiana x Iris), of rich rose-purple; C. 
Kienastiana (Lueddemanniana x aurea), light 
mauve with mottled labellum, and produced 
from seed sown three years and seven months 
ago; and Lelio-Cattleya Mrs. Donald 
MacMaster (luminosa x aurea), an excellent 
example, with rich yellow sepals and petals 
and crimson labellum; all from Mr. F. C. 
Puddle, Scampston Hall Gardens, Rillington, 
York. Leelio-Cattleya Barbara (C. Gaskel- 
hana x L. Iona), a pleasing variety, showing 
evidence of L. Dayana derived through L. 
Iona; in former years the petals have been 
streaked with dark crimson, but this season it 
is absent, possibly owing to the plant not 
being quite so well cultivated. From Mr. 
Eustace F. Clark, Evershot, Dorset. 


ROYAL © HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— 
Meetings will be held on the following days : 
—November 3rd and 17th, December Ist and 


15th. The Orchid Committee will meet as 
usual. 


42 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


NOTES FOR AMATEURS. 


N this country the month of November 
| marks the commencement of winterly 
weather, and reminds us that extra care 
and attention are once again required to 
bring our plants safely through the most 
unpleasant season of the year. The past 
summer has been very favourable to the 
production of well-ripened bulbs, and there 
are but few instances in which Cattleyas and 
their hybrids have not made sound _ bulbs. 
The plants should now be in a state of 
rest. This condition should, as far as 
possible, be really one of rest; it should 
neither be one of excitement likely to 
result in further growth, nor one of 
unnecessary dryness causing severe shrivel- 
ling. Too often are plants neglected and 
placed on one side merely because they have 
finished their season’s work. All plants 
require keeping in a healthy condition and 
in a state of vigour that is barely sufficient to 
force the dormant buds into growth. When 
so kept they are in the right condition to 
commence activity directly the growing 
season again arrives. Plants that are badly 
kept during the winter are in no fit state to 
reap the benefits of spring time without at 
first occupying a period of several weeks in 
which to recuperate their lost vigour; the 
English season is far too short to allow a loss 
of this description. 

The method of applying water to the roots 
needs a little consideration. In one collection 
visited by the writer the owner gave small 
supplies two or three times during the week, 
which were insufficient to penetrate more 
than an inch or so of the compost, conse- 
quently the upper portion was continually 
wet, while the lower part was unnecessarily 
dry. Of course, the plant itself never 
obtained an excess of moisture, nor did it get 
sufficient to cause it starting prematurely into 
growth. Such treatment as this cannot by 
any means be considered as among the best 
methods. In another collection the owner 
endeavoured to keep the compost in a semi- 
moist condition by not allowing the water to 
evaporate ; the plants were kept on a staging 


| November, 1914. 


of wet ashes, and were surrounded by an 
abundance of atmospheric moisture. These 
plants certainly passed through long periods 
in which no further applications of water were 
required, but the continuously moist state of 
the compost, although not sufficient to excite 
the dormant eyes into growth, proved a 
source of danger to their health, and before 
the advent of spring time many were in an 
unhealthy state. 

Those collectors who have studied the 
natural climate in which Cattleyas are found 
tell us that during the resting season there 
are frequent intervals in which drying winds 
prevail. The rains are copious so long as 
they last, and generally sufficient to supply 
an adequate amount of moisture to the plant 
and the surrounding material in which its 
roots penetrate. In the intervals of compara- 
tive dryness the roots and surrounding 
material have ample time in which to rid 
themselves of superfluous water. 

By following as closely as possible the 
methods of Nature we are able to obtain 
the best results with plants under artificial 
cultivation. A plant should never receive 
water unless it really requires it. If in doubt 
wait until the next day, for during winter 
time it is better to have the compost a little 
too dry rather than unreasonably wet. When 
water is required, sufficient should be given 
to uniformly moisten the whole of the 
compost, even dipping the pot in a pail of 
water for a few minutes is a good method. 
The plant should then be replaced in its 
position, or, what is perhaps a better plan, 
suspended from the roof in a position where 
any water falling from it will not drop on 
other plants beneath. This suspended 
position allows the compost to dry fairly 
quickly, and after a few days, when the super- 
abundant moisture has departed, the plant 
may be taken down and placed in its old 
position, or transferred to the place of one 
just needing a similar application of water. 

When excessively cold nights occur it will 
be found advisable to water the plants early 
in the morning in order that as much 
moisture, both in the compost and in the 
atmosphere, may depart before night time. 


November, 1914. ] 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Dendrobium crassinode. 


44 THE ORCHID 


Whenever the temperature is lessened there 
is a corresponding release of moisture in the 
atmosphere, resulting in dew being formed 
on almost every part of the roof and other 
positions, from whence it falls in continuous 
drops. We thus see how important it 1s to 
diminish this atmospheric moisture whenever 
there are signs of approaching cold weather. 


DENDROBIUM CRASSINODE. 


HIS Dendrobium was gathered by 
Colonel Benson, in 1808, on the 


mountains of Arracan, 150 miles east 
from Moulmein, at 2,500 feet elevation, and 
sent by him to the Royal Gardens, at Kew, 
and to Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea, in both of 
which establishments it flowered — simul- 
taneously in January of the following year. 
It was, however, known to science ten years 
earlier, the Rev. C. Parish having sent a 
sketch of it to Sir W. J. Hooker, at Kew, from 
materials procured in the Siamese province 
of Kiong-koung. It its native haunts it is 
often found growing on the tops of the 
highest trees, and in that position is difficult 
to collect. 

Our illustration shows a handsome plant 
flowering in the Royal Gardens, Kew. The 
flowers are white, heavily tipped with mauve- 
purple; the labellum is pubescent on the 
upper surface and minutely ciliated at the 
margin, with a large yellow disc surrounded 
with white, the apical margin mauve-purple. 
The specific name refers to the swollen joints, 
and the flowering season is from January to 
March. 

In the variety albiflorum the flowers are 
white, except the orange-yellow disc on the 
hp. In the variety Barberianum the flowers 
are of brighter colours than in the typical 
form, while the mauve-purple blotches are 
larger. Both these varieties were first intro- 
duced from Burmah by Messrs. Low and Co., 
and subsequently by Messrs. Veitch from 
localities remote from that in which Col. 
Benson’s plants were obtained, whence it is 
certain that this species has a considerable 
range in the eastern peninsula of India. 


WORLD. | November, 1914. 


THERMOMETERS. 


ITH the rapid extension of horticul- 

Vf ture in all parts of the world, and 

more especially by reason of the 
close manner in which cultivators of Orchids 
are brought together, it becomes necessary to 
possess a good knowledge of the two 
important methods of measuring temperature. 
The following considerations should have 
weight in favour of the adoption of the 
Centigrade thermometric scale in_horticul- 
tural practice in place of the Fahrenheit scale. 

The temperature of crystallisation, or the 
freezing point as it is familiarly called, if the 
water be kept under the same pressure is 
constant; the normal pressure of the 
atmosphere at sea-level when the barometric 
column is 30 inches is about 15 lbs. to the 
square inch. The temperature of conden- 
sation from the state of steam, in common 
parlance the boiling point, is also constant as 
long as the pressure remains the same. 
There are thence two invariable standard 
points of temperature. 

On the thermometric scale the space 
between the freezing and boiling points was 
divided by Celsius into 100 equal parts, whence 
this scale has obtained the name of the 
Centigrade ; it is now generally in use on the 
Continent and almost universally in scientific 
investigations. On Fahrenheit’s thermometer, 
the instrument in common use in England, 
the freezing point is marked 32 degrees on 
an old assumption that the greatest terrestrial 
cold was zero, an assumption that has long 
since been proved in various ways and places 
to be fallacious; the boiling point is 
212 degrees, the interval between the two 
being 180 degrees, so that 5 degrees Centi- 
grade is equal to 9 degrees Fahrenheit. 

The division of the interval between the 
two invariable points into 100 parts is itself 
so suggestive and simple both in theory and 
practice as to require no justification. On 
the other hand, as already shown, the placing 
of the freezing point at 32 degrees is quite 
arbitrary, and the division of the interval 
between the freezing and boiling points into 
180 units is equally arbitrary, and so far as 


November, 1914. | 


JAQVYSILNAD 


ze 
ul 
= 
ral 
Lil 
oc 
z= 
< 
vs 


the number itself is concerned is supported 
by no data derivable from ascertained thermal 
laws. Practically the Fahrenheit degree is 
too small to be appreciated by the most 
attentive of Orchid cultivators, but to whom 
the Centigrade degree becomes an appre- 
ciable quantity, and consequently 5, 10, 
15 degrees C., etc. are recognisable con- 
ditions of temperature apparent to the senses. 
But such temperatures as are expressed by 
40, 50, 60 degrees F., etc., are complex 
notions, rendered so by the circumstances that 
they do not themselves represent the number 
of units above an invariable point, but must 
be reduced to it by deducting the arbitrary 
number 32.—Veztch's Manual of Orchidaceous 
Plants. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 45 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 


October Oth, 1914. 


MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr. 
Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, T. 
Armstrone, HF, Sander, S. W. Flory, E. H. 
Davidson, A. Dye, W. H. White, R. Brooman- 
Nyintes Gob sCurtisass. M. Ogilvie, F. J. 
Hanbury, R. G. Thwaites, J. Wilson Potter, 
R. A. Rolfe and Stuart Low. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Lelio-Cattleya Mrs. Evelyn Norrie, from 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Brackenhurst, 
Pembury.—One of the best of the yellow- 
petalled hybrid Cattleyas. Sepals and petals 
canary-yellow, the labellum rose-violet. The 
parentage is unrecorded, but suggests the use 
of L. tenebrosa through perhaps’ L.-C. 
luminosa. 

Cattleya Princess Royal (Fabia x 
Hardyana), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq— 
The plant carried a spike of three immense 
flowers of bright rosy-mauve colour, the broad 
labellum ruby-crimson with a few gold lines. 
A very elegant hybrid. 

Cattleya Rhoda Fowler’s variety (Iris x 
Hardyana), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq—A 
singularly beautiful hybrid with Indian red 
sepals and petals having a yellow suffusion. 
Labellum ruby-red, with well-defined yellow 
lines running from the base. One of the 
finest varieties of this attractive hybrid. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Antiope (Chamberlainiana x 
aurea), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.—This is 
an excellent example of how the combination 
of Leopoldu and aurea produce bright yellow 
results, the former species being one of the 
parents of Chamberlainiana. Sepals and 
petals bright yellow, lip velvety and _ of 
purplish-red colour. 


46 THE 


Lzlio-Cattleya Britannia Melanie (L.-C. 
Canhamiana alba x C. Warscewiczi Frau 
Melanie Beyrodt), from Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co.—Sepals and petals of stiff texture 
and pure white. The lp violet-purple. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


T. J. Finnie, Esq. Claygate Lodge, 
Claygate, exhibited several plants of Cattleya 
labiata which he brought from Brazil some 
three years ago. The spikes carried 3 and 4 
excellent flowers, and the plants had been 
well cultivated. Bronze Banksian Medal. 

Elizabeth Lady Burford, 
exhibited a cut spike of Vanda Marguerite 


Lawrence, 


Maron (suavis x teres), with 12 rose-coloured 
flowers. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., exhibited Cattleya 
Bronze King (Davisn x aurea); Leelio- 
Cattleya Thyone, with bright yellow sepals 
and petals; and Cattleya Oriflamme, the 
latter having golden-yellow segments, the 
labellum crimson-purple. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esq. Streatham Hull, 
showed Sophro-Cattleya Blacku var. The 
Cardinal and var. Prince of Orange, both of 
rich scarlet-red colour and having the lip 
much elongated. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, sent 
Miltonia Bleuana General Joffre, an immense 
flower of light rose tint, the petals marked 
with rose at their base. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, exhibited Oncidium bicallosum splen- 
didissimum and O.b. aureum ; also Coelogyne 
Veitchi, with two pendulous spikes of white 
flowers. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, showed 
Cattleya Sylvia citrina, a beautiful hybrid, 
with cream coloured sepals and petals, the 
yellow labellum margined with bright rose ; 
also a fine variety of Cattleya Rhoda. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, showed 
Brasso-Cattleya Ilene, an exceedingly fine 
variety of rosy-mauve colour, with the large 
labellum rose-purple. 

Mr. Geo. Little, Groombridge, sent an 
Oberonia species, near to myriantha. 


ORCHID 


WORLD. | November, 1914. 


October 20th, 1914. 


MEMPERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Gn the chair), Mr. 
Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
and Messrs. Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, S. 
Flory, G. Hunter, E. H. Davidson, A. Dye, 
H. G Alexander, €. H. Curtis; |. Es oil 
W. H. Hatcher, W. P. Bound, J. Charlesworth, 
J. Cypher, W. Cobb, C. J. Lucas, A. McBean, 
T. Armstrong, F. J. Hanbury, R. A. Rolfe, 
and Stuart Low. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Lelia pumila alba, from Messrs. E. H. 
Davidson and Co., Twyford, Berks.—This is 
the true alba form of a well-known species 
noted for its expansive petals and neat habit 
of growth. The plant had been exceptionally 
well cultivated and carried a spike of 2 large 
pure white flowers. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Leelio-Cattleya Lady Oliphant (L.-C. 
Norba x C. Souvenir de Queen Victoria), from 
Pantia Ralli, Esq. Ashtead Park, Surrey —A 
particularly fine hybrid in which the broad 
yellow petals are of good substance and well 
displayed. The expansive and well-formed 
labellum of rich purple evenly lined with 
golden-yellow. A model flower in every way. 

Cattleya Ajax, Orchidhurst var. (Arm- 
strongiz x aurea), from Messrs. Armstrong 
and Brown, Tunbridge Wells—A _ very 
attractive flower of thick texture and of 
varying shades of bright rose-purple. The 
former parent is a hybrid between Hardyana 
and Loddigesu. 

Odontonia Magali Sander var. xanthotes 
(M. Warscewiczil xanthina x ardentissimum 
xanthotes), from Messrs. Charlesworth and 
Co., Haywards Heath—An interesting and 
pleasing hybrid with whitish flowers, having 
the sepals and petals faintly blotched with 
light emerald green, the labellum carrying a 
bright yellow crescent-shaped blotch. 


November, 1914. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 47 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a group 
of interesting and well-cultivated species, 
including Vanda Kimballiana alba, Peristeria 
aspersa, Lycaste Imschootiana, Ccelogyne 
brunnea, the pretty Dendrobium erieflorum, 
the handsome Zygopetalum Sandere and the 
rare Cirrhopetalum Rothschildianum. A 
number of autumn-flowering Cattleya hybrids 
were also shown. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, secured a Silver Banksian Medal for 
an attractive group in which were the curious 
Catasetum Randu, good forms of Dendrobium 
formosum, the bright yellow L.-C. Thyone, 
L.-C. Golden Oriole, Cattleya Fabia and C. 
Ena. Also various Odontiodas and good 
varieties of Brasso-Cattleya Moneta and B.-C. 
Queen Alexandra. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
staged some excellent examples of Cattleya 
Fabia, C. Iris with extra broad petals, and C. 
Lord Rothschild alba. Cymbidium hybrids 
were represented by Schlegeli and Doris, and 
Odontiodas by varieties of Diana. The 
interesting Odontonia brugensis and Brasso- 
Cattleya Iris were in good form. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, exhibited some choice hybrids, includ- 
ing the new Cattleya Snowdon, a promising 
pure white flower; Cattleya Princess Royal, 
of rich coloration; and the attractive L.-C. 
sandhurstiana with golden-yellow sepals and 
petals. 

Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
staged a good selection of Dendrobium 
Phalenopsis, fine forms of Cattleya Fabia 
and L.-C. Cappei, and Cypripedium Rossettii, 
Lee’s var. 

Messrs. E. H. Davidson and Co., Twyford, 
exhibited Cattleya labiata Empress and C-. 1. 
Rubens, both exceptionally fine forms ; 
Cattleya O’Brieniana alba with a spike of 6 
large pure white flowers; and two excellent 
Brasso-Cattleyas. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, showed 
Zygopetalum Blackiu (Perrenoudu x crinitum), 
the greenish sepals and petals heavily blotched 


with purple-brown, the hairy labellum white 
veined with rich violet-purple. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, staged 
Cattleya Sylvia (aurea x Fabia), a bold flower 
of good substance; and Cattleya Munucia, 
with attractive flowers of yellowish tint. 

Col. F. C. France-Hayhurst, Bostock Hall, 
Middlewich, exhibited Cypripedium Rolfe, 
var. Col. Hayhurst, an excellent flower with 
very dark markings. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
showed Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonu, var. The 
Globe, with 2 large flowers, exceptionally 
well-formed, the petals measuring over 
3 inches in breadth. 

hee); Finnie, “sq... Claygate Lodge, 
Claygate, showed a specimen Cattleya labiata 
with no less than 28 excellent flowers; also 
two smaller plants cultivated on blocks of 
wood selected from the same forest in which 
the plants were collected. 

Arthur Meyer, Esq., Briars, Whetstone, 
exhibited Cattleya Ledru Rollin (Carmen x 
Fabia), a new hybrid carrying a richly- 
coloured flower of attractive form and likely 
to still further improve as the plant gains in 
strength. 

His Grace the Duke of Marlborough, 
Blenheim Palace, showed Léelio-Cattleya 
luminosa, Blenheim var., with rich canary- 
yellow sepals and petals, the labellum bright 
purple. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY. 


September 24th, 1914. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. J. Bolton, J. C. 
Cowan, =J: Cypher, J. Evans, A. J. Keeling, 
J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, C. 
Parker, W. Shackleton, J. Smith, H. Thorp, 
Z. A. Ward, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur 
(Secretary). 

Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; and Col. J. 
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn. 

Silver Medals were granted to Wm. 
Thompson, Esq. Walton Grange; Messrs. 


48 THE ORCHID WORLD. [November, 1914. 


Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham; and Messrs. 
Sander and Sons, St. Albans. 

A Bronze Medal was awarded to Messrs. 
Keeling and Sons, Bradford. 

Other exhibitors included Messrs. Mansell 
and Hatcher, Rawdon; and Messrs. Hassall 
and Co., Southgate. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Cattleya Empress Frederick alba (Mossie 
Wageneri x aurea), a well-set flower, sepals 
and petals pure white, throat lightly veined, 
apex of lip well coloured. From S. Gratrix, 


Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Adula “Vale Bridge var.,” from 
Mrs. R. le Doux. 

Cattleya Iris “Ashlands var.,’ from R. 
Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Acteus gigas, from H. J. 
Bromilow, Esq. 

Cattleya General Smith-Dorrien (Maronu 
x Mantinn), from Col. J. Rutherford. 

Cattleya Sybil var. Sir John French 
(ridescens x aurea), from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Anguloa Cliftonn “Rawdon var.,” from 
Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher. 


FIRST-CLASS BOTANICAL CERTIFICATE. 


Coelia macrostachya, from Messrs. Keeling 
and Sons. 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. 


Odontioda Flamingo, grown by Mr. J. 
Howes, gr. to Wm. Thompson, Esq. A 
Bronze Medal was also awarded. 


Masdevallia Ephippium. 


AWARD OF APPRECIATION. Qo, 58 
oO 0° O 
ioe “GOS yo ge 
. ° te) 
Odontoglossum Uro-excellens (Uro-Skin- CO 


neri x excellens), from R. Ashworth, Esq. 


Par, 


5 


KOTO Sy 
Fs (NE OS OOS 


ORCHID WORLD. 


DECEMBER. 


191: 


NOTES) 


DICHAZAS FROM COSTA RICA.—Living 
plants of several interesting Costa Rican 
Orchids, which had been collected in the 
neighbourhood of Cachi, were sent to Kew 
by Mr. C. H. Lankester in October, 1913. 
Among them are two very imperfectly known 
species of Dichaa, which according to the 
last issue of the Kew Bulletin (1914, No. 8) 
prove to be D. histrio and D. brachypoda. 
Historical notes and a revised synonymy of 
both species are included. 


COCHLIODA VULCANICA—-This pretty 
little species with rose-carmine flowers was 
originally discovered by Mr. Spruce, a 
well-known botanist and traveller, on the 
voleanic mountain of Tunguragua, at an 
elevation of 10,000 feet growing amongst the 
erupted slag from the crater, a circumstance 
which suggested the specific name. Some 
twenty or more years ago Mr. Spruce was 
erroneously described in an Orchid Manual 
as a German botanist, a mistake immediately 
corrected by the great Sir Joseph Hooker, 
who wrote :—“I do not think poor Mr. Spruce 
will like being called a German! He was a 
Yorkshire schoolmaster.” 


KS 
Ke 
VES 
Wee 
is 
te 


CATTLEYA PORTIA-—When 
primary cross it is often possible to predict 
with some degree of accuracy the nature of 


making a 


the result, although even when the plant | 


reaches the flowering stage several years must 
elapse before the finest results can be 


VOL. V. 


procured. In some cases these extra fine 
results are never achieved, mainly because 
other hybrids of greater promise appear on 
the scene and attract the cultivator’s skill. 
Cattleya Portia (Bowringiana x labiata) was 
formerly a favourite primary hybrid, but has 
been too much placed on one side to make 
room for so-called better hybrids. It is 
doubtful whether finer results than have lately 
been seen at Messrs. Charlesworth’s have 
been procured; one strong plant carries a 
spike of no less than 16 flowers, while another 
has three spikes with a total of 29 flowers. 


&Y 4Y YY 


ODONTONIA MAGALI SANDER _ VAR. 
XANTHOTES.—In the summer of 1913 Messrs. 
Sander and Sons exhibited an interesting 
hybrid between Miltonia Warscewiczi1 and 
Odontoglossum ardentissimum under the 
name Odontonia Magali Sander, and now we 
have the pleasure of recording the albino 
variety, a spike of which has been received 
from Mr. O. O. Wrigley’s collection, Bridge 
Hall, Bury. In the making of this hybrid M. 
Warscewiczi1 can only be used as a mother 
plant, and as Mr. Wrigley possesses a plant 
of the very rare xanthina variety he decided 
to fertilise it with the pollen of a good form 
of O. ardentissimum xanthotes, in the hope, 
which has now been fulfilled, that the two 
xanthotic parents would yield progeny of 
similar kind. The Odontoglossum pollen was 
obtained from Messrs. Charlesworth, to whom 
the seed was sent when ripe and duly raised 
in their establishment at Haywards Heath. 
The seedlings, as soon as they were sufficiently 


7 


SL AMSIa, ORK s00b) 


strong, were divided, one-half being forwarded 
to Mr. Wrigley, who had the honour of 
flowering the first one during the past 
summer, and another in the month of August. 
Messrs. Charlesworth have also been fortunate 
in flowering a plant, and in all these three 
instances the much cherished yellow spotting 
has been perpetuated in a satisfactory manner. 


XY XY vy 


a BOM DIE 


Cattleya labiata, with an eight-flowered spike. 


CATTLEYA LABIATA.—Notwithstanding the 
numerous autumn flowering hybrids, with all 
their varying colours, there is a certain amount 
of dignity about Cattleya labiata that renders 
it indispensable in all places where warm- 
house Orchids are cultivated. In its Brazilian 
home it appears to grow in large quantities, 
chiefly in the forest, where the necessary 


WORLD. [December, 1914. 


partial shade is obtained from the fierce rays 
of the sun. Mr. T. J. Finnie, of Claygate 
Lodge, Claygate, Surrey, when recently 
paying a visit to Pernambuco, Brazil, noticed 
that the plants grew near the tops of the 
trees, at a height of from 30-40 feet from the 
eround, in fact, just where the amount of 
light was most suitable to their requirements. 
It was very seldom that plants were found 
growing nearer the ground than this owing to 
the deficiency of light caused by the heavy 
foliage of the forest. Mr. Finnie brought 
home a selection of plants, many of them still 
attached to pieces of the native wood upon 
which they had been growing. These have 
since flowered in his collection at Claygate 
with considerable success, many of the plants 
having five, and one with the record number 
of eight flowers on a spike, as 1s proved by 
the reproduced photograph, while one large 
specimen carried an aggregate of 28 blooms. 
All the flowering bulbs were particularly well 
ripened, which is an important point in their 
successful cultivation. It will be remem- 
bered that Mr. Finnie received a Bronze 
Banksian Medal for an exhibit of these plants 
at a recent meeting of the Royal Horticultural 
Society. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM GRANDE.—This is one 
of the best species for amateurs to grow, and 
many instances are on record where excep- 
tional results have been obtained by them, in 
not a few instances surpassing those of the 
professional grower. Exactly why this is so 
has never been entirely proved, but it may be 
due to the airy and rather dry conditions often 
existing in amateurs’ houses. This kind of 
atmosphere is not quite the one sought after 
by professional growers, hence, perhaps, the 
reason why this species does not succeed so 
well with them as it does under the appar- 
ently suitable conditions of an amateur’s 
house. A recent example has occurred in the 
collection of Mr. Fred. Turner, Brookfoot, 
Brighouse, who sends a photograph of a fine 


leafy plant with no less than 23 well-developed 
flowers. 


December, 1914. | DHE ORCHID WORLD. SI 


Oncidium varicosum, as grown in the collection of 


Alf. J. Paine, Esq., Wanstead. 


ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM.—Referring to my 
article on this subject in the ORCHID WORLD 
for December, 1913, I am pleased to again 
record my success in growing Oncidium 
varicosum, a success which [| attribute largely 
to the method of cultivation therein set out. 
My record for 1913 was a plant bearing 155 
flowers, but this year I have beaten that by 
one bearing over 250 flowers. Another old 
plant has three well-developed spikes, and 
will very nearly equal the record. When 
these plants are of large size I am sure it is 
the right treatment to put them into “ boats,” 
packing them in somewhat loosely with fibre 


and moss. This arrangement allows of 
thorough aeration, and facility for the roots to 
protrude into the open atmosphere of the 
house. Other Oncidiums are also doing well, 
and, although smaller plants, they have quite 
large spikes with numerous buds.—A/f/. /. 
Paine, Wanstead. 


¥ ¥yY ¥Yy 
% % Ky) 4 


é 


ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM CITRINUM—A good 
plant of this rare variety, which is devoid of 
the red-brown markings usually seen on the 
flower, has recently flowered with Messrs. 
Stuart Low and Co., who state that it 


an 
bo 


possesses a much better constitution than the 
typical form, and although it has been in 
cultivation at least ten years the new bulbs 
show not the shghtest sign of deterioration. 


Vanda Sanderiana. 


VANDA SANDERIANA.—Mr. Hrishi Kesh 
Seal has many interesting Vandas in his 
collection, and amongst those that have 
recently flowered in his garden house, Krishna 
Kanan, 105, Dum Dum Road, Calcutta, is 
Vanda Sanderiana, a fine plant imported from 
the Philippines about ten months ago. The 
inain stem is about 2 feet in height, and 
carries a spike, some 12 inches long, upon 
which are nine superb flowers, each measuring 
| inches in diameter. The plant, as may be 
seen in our reproduced photograph, was 
cultivated in a large basket suspended from 
the roof. Almost needless to remark, the 
flowering of such a noble Orchid caused 
considerable local interest and brought many 
visitors to Mr. Seal’s garden. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[December, 1914. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM MILLIE.— 
This, one of the finest of the good old Pacho 
varieties, was exhibited by Messrs. Flory and 
Black at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
November 17th, 1914, when an Award of 
Merit was granted. When the plant was in 
flower some twelve months ago it was 
fertilised with the pollen of an equally fine 
variety, and the resulting pod, which has just 
ripened, weighs slightly more than 4 ounces, 
surely a record for a crispum. The removal 
of this heavy pod will allow the plant to 
quickly recuperate itself and gather sufficient 
strength for the production of a complete 
spike of flowers next season, when the higher 
award of a First-class Certificate will doubtless 
be obtained. 


ives 


STANHOPEA SACCATA.—The flowers of 
this rare species are smaller than many others 
of the genus, and for this reason, and also on 
account of their wonderful structure, Mr. J. T. 
Bennett-Pcé wore one in his coat on the 
occasion of the Conference on Genetics held 
at the Royal Horticultural Society im 1900. 
The late Sir Trevor Lawrence immediately 
rccognised the flower and promptly remarked: 
“This is the first time I have ever seen a 
Stanhopea used for that purpose!” Mr. 
Bennett-Poé obtained his plant some twenty- 
five years ago from the celebrated collection 
at Glasnevin, Dublin. It was James Bateman 
who originally figured this species in his 
“ Orchidacee of Mexico and Guatemala,” the 
description being as follows :—‘ Stanhopea 
saccata, the Pouch-lipped Stanhopea. Scapes 
2-3 flowered. At the base of the lip there is 
a deep perpendicular pouch, which glows 
inside with the most brilliant orange; attached 
to the front of this pouch, on either side, are 
two very large parallel flattened falcate horns, 
bent shghtly mwards. This elegant little 
Stanhopea was discovered by Mr. Skinner in 
some part of Guatemala, but, unfortunately, 
we are not in possession of the precise 
locality, which is the more to be regretted as 
it was never met with except on one occasion. 
We received it in 1837, and it flowered 


December, 1914. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 


profusely the following summer. Indepen- 
dently of its peculiar flowers the small narrow 
leaves of this plant readily distinguish it from 
all other species of this genus which have, as 
yet, taken up their abode in our stoves.” 


CALANTHE BRANCHIL—The Scientific 
Committee of the Royal Horticultural 
Society awarded, November 17th, a Botanical 
Certificate to this interesting hybrid between 
the evergreen C. Textori and the deciduous 
C. Wm. Murray, while the Orchid Committee 
granted a Certificate of Appreciation to Mr. 
C. J. Lucas, in whose collection at Warnham 
Court it was raised by Mr. Branch. 


os “uy uy 
MY SY SY 


DENDROBIUM  TOFFTIL. — Dendrobiums 
have always been a special feature in the 
extensive collection of Sir Jeremiah Colman, 
Bart., Gatton Park, Surrey, and amongst the 
rarities that have recently flowered is D. 
Tofftii, which received a Botanical Certificate 
from the Scientific Committee of the Royal 
Horticultural Society, November 17th, 1914. 
This species was originally described by F. 
M. Bailey (Synopsis of the Queensland Flora, 
Supplt. IIL, 1890), who gave its habitat as a 
creek off the Johnstone River. It resembles 
D. undulatum in the habit and form of its 
leaves. The stems, however, are much 
compressed, and the flowers are very different 
in both form and colour. In the dark 
coloured ribs of the stems it is similar to D. 
Johannis. Named in honour of Alf. G. Tofft. 


THE ORCHID WoRLD.—The following 
appreciative note concerning the ORCHID 
WORLD was included in the /ournal of 
Horticulture, November 5th, 1914:—“ Our 
monthly contemporary for November is even 
more interesting than usual. The standard 
of production is always very high, but we do 
not remember an issue in which the illustra- 
tions were as admirably produced as in the 
present instance; the letterpress, too, 1s 
splendid.” 


VOL. V. 


cn 
oS) 


A PLEA FOR MORE ORCHID 
GROWING. 


HERE is a_ prevalent idea which 
obsesses amateurs in general that the 


hobby of Orchid growing is a very 
expensive one. Unless the amateur is going 
in for rare plants and hybrids such an idea 
is somewhat of a fallacy, and many, | am 
sure, below the status of millionaires could 
very well take up the hobby if they would 
but exercise a modest ambition. Upon 
such a basis I have a word or two to say 
emphasising my plea for an extension of 
Orchid growing. 

First of all, there can be no question as to 
the necessity for less labour and attention 
being required to look after one’s Orchid pets 
as compared with the ordinary cultivation of 
the usual garden plants raised from seeds, 
cuttings, etc. In regard to the latter, the 
repeated sowing, pricking out, and nursing up 
cuttings all through the dreary winter and 
early spring is a task which tries the most 
enthusiastic amateur. Then the disappoint- 
ments which ensue after bedding out, etc., as 
a result of damage in some form or other by 
our fickle climate is very nearly sufficient to 
damp the ardour of most of us. Each season 
such an experience has to be encountered, 
and is generally pretty mortifying, but being 
the stolid persevering Britons that we are, we 
“keep on keeping on.” 

But how much more satisfying and _satis- 
factory are the results attainable with a “ bit 
of cool glass,’ and some Orchids inside. And, 
moreover, the main part of the pleasure 
derivable comes at the most depressing time 
of the year—late autumn and winter—for it is 
then that our pets put on their floral uniforms 
and gratify our eyes. Another big asset—the 
Orchids get stronger and larger each year, 
and one has not necessarily to start with 
seeds, pipings and cuttings each spring. 

There are plenty of cool Orchids that can 
be bought very cheaply, and this brings me 
to the essence of my plea—Cannot someone 
in the trade introduce a department into his 
business for the supply of suitable cool house 
Orchids at a much cheaper rate than that at 


8 


54 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


which single plants are often sold at the 
various shows? 

I have had experience of the prices asked 
when a timid amateur takes a fancy to an 
exhibit and ventures an inquiry as to its cost. 
Well, to put it shortly—the inquiry is nipped 
in the bud right away, unfortunately with the 
result that the timid amateur taboos Orchids 
for ever after. This, I think, should not be the 
case; and I[ believe that an energetic firm 
could make a success of a cheap department 
as an auxiliary to its ordinary rich connec- 
tion. Will some firm develop the suggestion ? 

I have nothing to say against the prices of 
rare plants and hybrids. These, no doubt, are 
worth the money asked, as the time and 
labour expended in their introduction and 
cultivation are generally very considerable, 
and there can be no question that the recom- 
pense is well merited. But this is quite 
outside my line of contention. All that I wish 
to bring forward is the suggestion for an 
energetic firm of importers and growers to 
make a separate department of their business 
for distributing the more ordinary kinds of 
Orchids at a much cheaper rate, and I look 
forward to such a desirable development. If 
this could be accomplished it seems to me 
that amateurs would be attracted, and perhaps 
a big business built up—A/f. /. Paine, 
Wanstead, Essex. 


“THE ORCHID REVIEW.’—In the November 
issue an illustration is given of Dendrobium 
formosum giganteum, together with an inter- 
esting article on the history of this species 
from 1832, the year in which it was originally 
described by Roxburgh, who found it on trees 
in the forest of Sylhet and on the Garrow 
Hills, flowering in April and May. The 
Indian type is now rarely seen in gardens, its 
place having been taken by the Burmese 
variety giganteum, first mentioned in 1866, 
and imported by Messrs. Hugh Low and Co. 
Other articles of value are those on Oncidium 
Leopoldianum and Houlettia Wallisii, illus- 
trations of both species being included. 


| December, 1914. 


ORCHIDS AT THE NOOK, 
MAIDSTONE. 


AVING regard to the fact that the 
county of Kent 1s frequently alluded 


to as the Garden of England, it is 
not to be wondered at that there are numerous 
collections of Orchids situated within its 
boundaries. Among those of recent origin is 
that formed during the last few years by Mr. 
Edward Clement, of The Nook, Ashford 
Road, Maidstone. 

Although a suitable climate is a_ very 
important factor it is of comparatively little 
value unless the cultivator takes an intelligent 
interest in the requirements of the various 
plants. The cultivation of the majority of 
Orchids is fairly simple and can be carried 
out with considerable success when once the 
essential points are mastered. Mr. Clement 
has not only reaped a large measure of 


success with a varied collection of Odonto- 


glossums and Cattleyas, but he has hit upon 
the exact conditions necessary to cultivate 
some of the more refractory subjects. It is 
worthy of special mention that Mrs. Clement 
is also an enthusiastic Orchidist, and has 
received many plants of Cattleya labiata from 
her brother now residing in Brazil. 

An important point in this collection is the 
construction of the floor of the cool house. 
This was originally of glazed tiles set on a 
bed of concrete, and by no means favourable 
to a suitable atmosphere being maintained. 
Instead of removing them Mr. Clement 
decided to place upon them a layer of small 
clinkers intermixed with oak leaves and 
surfaced with gravel. The gradual decom- 
position of the leaves produces a beneficial 
and humid atmosphere during the whole of 
the growing season, after which a fresh supply 
is needed. This seems a far better method 
than allowing the leaves to remain uncovered 
and to be the hiding place for slugs and other 
unwelcome guests. 

One of the results of this arrangement is 
seen in a robust plant of Lycaste Skinneri 
with perfect foliage, there being no sign of 
the decaying tips so prevalent with this 
species when grown under glass in an 


December, 1914. |} DAE ORCHID WORLD 


atmosphere that is dead and laden with an 
excess of moisture. ‘There is just sufficient 
movement of the atmosphere to cause the 
leaves of this plant to sway to and fro, and 
although at times this is hardly perceptible 
it proves quite sufficient to prevent the leaves 
decaying at their tips. This season one bulb 
produced seven flowers, while another plant 
of the same species 1s now in bloom for the 
fourth time this year, and has_ yielded 
fourteen flowers in all. 

Odontoglossums are well represented and 
include good forms of crispum, both plain and 
blotched varieties, excellens, citrosmum, 
Halhio-crispum, crispo-Harryanum, pulchellum 
and Conqueror, the latter being a model 
flower with broad segments blotched with 
violet-purple. Strong plants of O. Edwardi 
and many of its hybrids are growing with 
considerable vigour. Odontiodas are best 
represented by Charlesworthi and _ rosefield- 
iensis. Growing with these are several 
Oncidiums, of which varicosum and sarcodes 
may be considered the most showy. 

Epidendrum vitellinum with its erect spikes 
of orange-red flowers, and the curious Acineta 
chrysantha grow well in this house. There 
is also a robust plant of Coelogyne brunnea 
with extra large flowers. Vandas ccerulea 
and Amesiana are represented, although the 
latter is found to be much the easier one to 
cultivate successfully. Cypripediums have 
yielded a considerable amount of bloom, the 
varieties including insigne Harefield Hall, 
insigne Sandere, Juno, Baron Schroder, 
Charlesworthu, nitens, Euryades, Maudie and 
Franconia, all being selected varieties. 

Along the back row are several strong 
erowing plants of Cymbidiums, including 
Tracyanum, giganteum and Lowianum. The 
interesting Bulbophyllum Godsefhanum with 
its wonderfully constructed labellum is a 
continued source of interest. Laelia Jongheana 
and Sophronitis grandiflora also find a home 
in this house. 

The Cattleya house is well constructed with 
double staging and an ample amount of 
hot-water piping, thus ensuring the minimum 
amount of labour. Quite a muniature 
exhibition has lately been given by the 


uw 
wi 


various Cattleyas and other autumn-flowering 
Orchids. Several richly coloured varieties of 
C. labiata received direct from Brazil, one of 
them growing on a block of wood suspended 
from the roof, have been much admired. C. 
3owringiana has carried 33 flowers on two 
spikes, while C. Miss Williama, C. Mantinu 
and C. Thayeriana have been equally fine. 
C. aurea has made particularly good bulbs 
this season. lLelio-Cattleya George Wood- 
Hamicwe le Cam Saniuiandeancd ls -C.  Olentus 
(aurea x bletchleyensis) are well represented, 
and there are good plants of L. purpurata 
alba and a large specimen L. Gouldiana, just 
coming into flower, and well meriting the 
name of the “Christmas Orchid.” —Brasso- 
Cattleyas have done exceedingly well this 
year and have yielded large flowers of 
good substance. B.-C. Thorntonu has been 
particularly sweet scented. 

Other Orchids worthy of note in this house 
are Miltonia vexillaria “Queen Alexandra,” 
the pretty Trichopilia suavis, Oncidium 
Kramerianum, with its Butterfly-like blooms, 
the scarce Pescatorea Klabochorum, some 
Calanthes, and a small but choice collection 
of Dendrobiums. A number of seed-pods 
shows that an interest is being taken in 
raising healthy 
seedlings have been pricked out into small 
pots and give every sign of rapid progress. 

Mr. Clement obtains a vast amount of 
pleasure from his collection, and although 
business matters often keep him away from 
home during the greater part of the day he 
always pays a visit to his plants whenever 
opportunity permits. When commencing this 
interesting hobby Mr. Clement was induced 
to believe that Orchids could only be grown 
by those who are rich and able to employ the 
requisite labour. All this, however, he has 
proved to be mere fallacy, the potting and 
necessary attention not only give him an 
additional interest and pleasure, but prove a 
source of relaxation from business cares. It 
remains to be said that the owner of this 
collection is keenly interested in microscopic 
research, and also in colour photography, 
many of his best Orchids being visible by 
means of coloured lantern slides. 


seedlings, while many 


56 THE ORCHID 


ODONTOGLOSSUM HANNIBAL. 


crispum_ triumphans nobile Harryannm 


| . | ; 
harvengtense crispum Rolfeze  crispum 
| | 
| 
hellemense 


Lambeauianum 


Hannibal. 
This is the resultant of a cross to attempt 


” 


a “sunset coloured” hybrid; in other words, 
crimson flushed upon a yellow ground. The 
@ parent had a deep rich yellow ground well 
spotted with very rich deep lustrous choco- 
late; the g was one of M. Peeter’s raising 
from crispum Luciani, having two-thirds of 
its surface covered by rich purple-brown upon 
a violet-purple ground. 

Hannibal has the same yellow ground, but 
so covered with crimson-chocolate as to nearly 
obscure it and make it look paler than it 1s, 
as 1S apparent in some of the hybrids from 
Loochristy resulting from Vuylsteke1; the 
backs of the sepals and petals are also half 
covered by the same colour. 

The lip is of a fine crispum, white, with a 
large spot in front of the keels, and the lower 
half covered by minute spots almost forming 
a crimson-brown overlay. These spots 
become so around the crest, which being 
orange stands out well upon the subjacent 
colour. The column is cream-white. 

The plant is in full growth as well as in 
bloom, hence the next spike should show a 
material improvement. It has been a very 
shy one to bloom, considering I made the 
cross on March 24th, 1907. 

de b. Crawshay, November 13th, 1974. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM ZYGUS. 


Andersonianum Kegeljani 
| 


7 
Zygus. 


Fortunately only one plant survived of this 
cross as I should have begrudged space for 
any more. Briefly described, it can be called 
a very bad waltoniense. The great retro- 
gerade power of gloriosum has robbed the 
whole of the good quality of the other parents. 

de B. Crawshay, November 13th, 1914. 


WORLD. [December, 1914. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM ROMA. 


crispum Harryanum crispo-Harryanum nobile 
| 


| | 
crispo-Harryanum Ossulstoni 


| 


Roma. 

A reference to Odontoglossum Dora 
(ORCHID WORLD, March, 1911, p. 148) will 
give a good idea of what my Roma 1s like. 
Subtract the suffusion of small spots outside 
the eyebrows of the petals and the minute 
markings on the petals; widen the reniform 
blade of the lip; alter the colour of the 
markings to light rosy-brown ; result becomes 
Roma. 

She is only a small plant with two blooms, 
but has a future that promises a very beautiful 
ace of rose grounded forms, these having 
been used in the parentage to try and fix it. 

It is not surprising, but very interesting to 
find such similar results when the basic 
specific quantities are compared. Dora has 
1 Harryanum, | crispum, 2 nobile; Roma has 
2 Harryanum, 2 crispum, 1 nobile. 

de B. Crawshay, November 13th, 1014. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM GLYCON. 


nobile Harryanun nobile crispum 
| | | 
Rolteze armainvillierense 


h pcmcia wl 


ets 
luteopurpureum percultum 


G ae 

In making this cross I used one of M. 
Vuylsteke’s early percultums, which were not 
the best, and naturally the immense flower of 
luteo almost overpowered the hybrid. The 
colouring and form are intermediate between 
the parents, both sepals and petals almost 
covered except some marbling of the usual 
arrangement. There is a shade of the plum 
colour of percultum in the brown. 

The lip is creamy-yellow with a blotch and 
basilar marks of lustrous brown. The crest 
is that of luteo, the column takes after nobile. 

de B. Crawshay, November 13th, 1974. 


December, 1914. | DHE ORCHID = WOLD: 57 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


BRASSO-CATTLEYA LADY HANBURY. 
There are several much-prized varieties of 
species that have all the segments of their 
flowers uniformly coloured, and to which the 
varietal name concolor, meaning similar in 
colour, has been given. In these, the colour, 
whether it be intense or otherwise, is evenly 
distributed over the whole flower, the labellum 
being no darker than the other segments. So 
far the hybridist does not appear to have 
attempted the production of anything of 
similar nature, consequently there is a wide 
field open to:those who care to experiment in 
this direction. An excellent example of this 
class is Brasso-Cattleya Lady Hanbury, the 
result of crossing C. Mantinu (Bowringiana x 
aurea) with B-C. Mdme. Chas. Maron (B. 
Digbyana x C. Warscewiczii), and which has 
recently been raised in the collection of Mr. 
Frederick J. Hanbury, Brockhurst, East 


Grinstead, and named in honour of his cousin. 


at La Mortola. The large flower resembles 
in form the general habit of Brasso-Cattleyas, 
the expansive and fringed labellum being the 
conspicuous feature. But the most attractive 
point in this particular flower is the pleasing 
delicate rose-mauve tint evenly suffused 
throughout all the segments, and imparting a 
chastely appearance. It is one of the best 
hybrids of the concolor type. 
LAUIO-CATTLEYA Miss DOROTHY 
BUSHELL.—A pretty hybrid between L.-C. 
Bryan (crispa x Gaskelliana) and C. aurea. 
The influence of L. crispa is very marked, 
while C. aurea is responsible for much of the 
rich coloration of the labellum. Raised in the 
collection of Mr. Frederick J. Hanbury, 
Brockhurst, East Grinstead. 
L#LIO-CATTLEYA ATINA.—A 
addition to the yellow-flowering section has 
been raised by Messrs Armstrong and Brown, 
’ Tunbridge Wells, by crossing -C. aurea with 
L.-C. Lusitania (Phryne x Iris). Many of the 
varieties from this seed-pod have fleshy 
flowers which last well after being cut. 
L&LIO-CATTLEYA ATTICA—The result 
of crossing C. aurea and L.-C. Dumatii 
(clegans x tenebrosa). The seedlings show 


useful 


VOLES Vc 


considerable diversity in habit of growth and 
coloration. Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown, Tunbridge Wells. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA ADMIRAL JELLICOE. 
An excellent addition to the Brasso-Cattleyas. 
Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown 
between C. Lord Rothschild and B.-C. 
Digbyano-Mossia. The large flower of rosy- 
mauve colour, the broad expanded labellum 
prettily fringed. 

L#&LIO-CATTLEYA RAPHAEL. — Messrs. 
Stuart Low and Co. are the raisers of this 
new hybrid between Cattleya F. W. Wigan 
and L.-C. Haroldiana. Flower of buff colour 
flushed with rose, lip bright rose-purple. 

CATTLEYA BELLONA.—Flowers of two 
varieties of this very pretty hybrid come from 
the raiser, Mr. F. C. Puddle, Scampston Hall 
Gardens, Rillington. The parents are C. 
Maggie Raphael alba and C. aurea, yielding 
a light rose coloured flower with a handsome 
labellum of bright rose-purple and gold. It 
is a hybrid of considerable promise. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA SULPHUREA. — The 
result of crossing C. Gaskelliana alba with 
B.-C. Mrs. J. Leemann. Exhibited by Mr. 
R. Ashworth at the Manchester Orchid 
Seciety, November 5th, 1914. 

LA#@LIO-CATTLEYA: EURYALUS.—A_ very 
pleasing hybrid between L.-C. Canhamiana 
Rex and C. Warneri alba, which has been 
raised in the collection of Mr. W. H. St. 
Quintin, Scampston Hall, Rillington, York. 
Sepals and petals silvery-white, the broad 
labellum mottled with bright rose-purple as 
usually seen in C. Mossi, one of the parents 
of Canhamiana. 

CYPRIPEDIUM ASTARTE.—This charming 
hybrid between Psyche (niveum x bellatulum) 
and insigne Sandere has been raised by Mr. 
F. C. Puddle in the Scampston Hall Collec- 
tion, Rillington, York. The fleshy flower is 
white, the basilar portions of each segment 
and the labellum shaded and veined with light 
greenish-straw colour, while there are some 
very minute purple spots on the lower portion 
of the dorsal sepal and on the inner parts of 
the petals. The orbicular dorsal sepal is 
almost equalled in size and shape by the 
lateral petals and ventral sepal, thus giving 


9 


the flower a well balanced and symmetrical 
appearance. This is in every way a very 
distinct and welcome addition. 
LALIO-CATTLEYA NysIATA—The result 
of crossing L.-C. Nysa (Warscewiczil x crispa) 
‘ume (Ce 
autumn flowering hybrid. 


labiata, and producing a_ useful 
Raised: by Mr. F. 
C. Puddle in the Scampston Hall collection. 
BRASSOCATTLALIA SEAFORTH  HIGH- 
LANDER.—A very attractive and large flower 
produced by crossing B.-C. Mrs. J. Leeman 
with L.-C. Aphrodite. The broad labellum 
prettily frimged and of rose-purple colour, the 
segments similarly — coloured. 
Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 
BRASSOCATTL-ELIA GORDON HIGHLANDER. 
-A large flowered hybrid of excellent colour 
and resulting from the use of B-C. Mme. 
Chas. Maron and L.-C. Aphrodite. The rich 
purple colour of the fringed labellum is very 
attractive. Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM CUNNYNHAM.—A new 
hybrid of much promise, and obtained by 


remaining 


crossing Rio Tinto with crispum, Messrs. 
Sander and Sons being the raisers. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA NESTOR.—This is the 
product of C. Warscewicezi and L.-C. Ophir 
(xanthina x aurea), the flowers of the various 
plants showing considerable diversity in their 
coloration, the majority being very pleasing. 
Raised by Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate. 

SOPHRO-CATTLEYA NOVEMBER.—One of 
the best shaped Sophronitis hybrids. The 
parents are C. Portia and S. grandiflora, 
resulting in a flower of rosy-crimson colour, 
the labellum well developed. Exhibited by 
Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, Royal Horticultural 
Society, November 17th, 1914, when an 
Award of Merit was granted. 

SOPHRO-CATTLEYA PEARL.—Messrs. J. 
and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, are the raisers 
of this hybrid between S.-C. Doris and C. 
Portia. The flowers are of rich crimson- 
purple colour, the labellum crimson with dark 
rose overtint. 

CATTLEYA QvuIBO.—By crossing aurea 
with Miss Williams (Gaskelliana x Harri- 
soniana) a delicate rose coloured flower with 
broad and open labellum has been raised by 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 


58 IDEN OUI AD) 


WORLD. [December, 1914. 


CATTLEYA SKINNERI. 


HE subject of our adjoiming illustra- 
tion is a fine specimen plant of 


Cattleya Skinneri in the collection of 
Sir William Van Horne, K.C.M.G., Montreal, 
Canada, to whom it was supplied some 
twenty-eight years ago by Messrs. Low and 
Co., of Clapton and Bush Hill Park. The 
photograph was taken in April, 1914. 

The grower, Mr. F. C. Smith, is certainly 
to be congratulated in keeping the plant for 
so long a period in such vigorous health and 
in flowering it so freely, for, as many growers 
know, this species is not one of the best to 
handle successfully year after year. 

Cattleya Skinneri was first detected by 
Mr. G. Ure Skinner, in 1836, in the warm 
low-lying parts of Guatemala, along the 
shores of the Pacific Ocean. It was subse- 
quently found at Metagalpa, in Nicaragua, 
by Dr. Oérsted, and in Costa Rica and 
Veragua by Warscewicz. In Guatemala it is 
called the Flor de San Sebastian, and is 
scught for by the country people to decorate 
the temples and shrines of their favourite 
saint, on account of its being in flower at the 
epoch at which the day dedicated to the 
saint occurs. 

Epi-Cattleya guatemalensis is a natural 
hybrid between Epidendrum aurantiacum 
and Cattleya Skinneri, and was discovered 
by Mr. Skinner growing in company with 
both its parents on the stem of the same 
tree. It was sent to Messrs. Veitch and Sons, 
with whom it flowered in March, 1861. 


DENDROBIUM BENSONIE. 


HIS elegant species was sent to Messrs. 
Veitch in 1800 from British Burmah 


by Colonel Benson, after whose wife 

it is named at his own request. It grows on 

the mountains near Tongou, direct west of 

Prome, at an elevation of about 1,500 feet 

above sea level, and spreads southwards as 
far as the latitude of Moulmein. 

The flowers, which are about 24 inches 


December, 1914. } THE ORCHID WORLD: 


Montreal, Canada. 


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Dendrobium Bensonie. 


December, 1914. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 61 


across, are milk-white, with an orange-yellow 
disc on the labellum, at the base of which 
are two maroon spots that are sometimes 
confluent, although in rare instances they are 
no larger than small peas. In the variety 
called xanthinum these spots are completely 
absent. The flowering season is during the 
months of May and June, sometimes a little 
later. 

The original type came from the Arracan 
Hills, but a geographical variety from the 
Kareen Hills is distinguished by its more 
robust stems. Both forms have long been 
cultivated in gardens on account of their 
decorative white flowers and by reason of the 
manner in which they extend the Dendrobium 
season until the commencement of summer. 


The cultivation of Dendrobiums has of late 
years undergone considerable improvement, 
so much so that they are now amongst the 
easiest of Orchids to grow. In place of the 
excessive temperature and extremely humid 
atmosphere formerly employed, it is now the 
custom to give less artificial heat and to 
maintain a buoyant atmosphere whenever 
possible. The results achieved by this 
method are eminently satisfactory, the plants 
having a healthier appearance and being less 
susceptible to disease during the trying winter 
months. 


It is not suggested that anything approach- 
ing the cool-house treatment should be 
adopted, for this would bring about a severe 
check; but a house such as is often described 
as a warm Cattleya house will answer the 
purpose admirably during the summer months. 
During bright sunshine the inside tempera- 
ture is bound to rise considerably, but as this 
occurs during a proportionate increase of light 
it will prove beneficial in more ways than one. 
It is only when a very high temperature exists 
in company with deficient lght that the 
weekly and unsatisfactory bulbs are produced. 
The days of attempting the cultivation of 
Orchids in hot vapour baths have almost 
vanished, and the few instances in which this 
unpleasant treatment still seems necessary 
may even yet give place to methods entailing 
a more genial and healthier atmosphere. 


ALBINO CATTLEYAS AT VALE 
BRIDGE, HAYWARDS HEATH. 


URING the last few weeks many of 
the finest albino varieties of Cattleya 
labiata have been in flower in the 

Orchid houses of Mr. Edward V. Low, Vale 
Heath, where choice 
species and varieties are specially cultivated. 
Although opmions may differ as to which 
species produces the most attractive flowers, 
there is but little doubt that white varieties 
of C. labiata, flowering as they do in the dull 
autumnal months, will always hold their own 
and continue to receive the praise so long 
bestowed upon them. 

In common with other species, C. labiata 
produces various varieties of albino flowers, 
and, although in these the sepals and petals 
are pure white in every example, it is the 
labellum which shows the chief distinguishing 
characteristics. The term alba has often 
been incorrectly applied to any variety of a 
flower which shows a deficiency of colour in 
one or more of its segments, but in its true 
scientific meaning it should only be used to 
describe varieties in which the purple 
pigment is entirely eliminated from the 
labellum as well as the sepals and petals. 

The true C. labiata alba is very rarely 
discovered; in fact, so scarce is it in its 
native country that many importations are 
received without a single specimen being 
detected. In the Vale Bridge collection a 
particularly fine form, distinguished by the 
varietal name Lord Kitchener, has this season 
produced a flower measuring 7 inches in 
width, and the same distance from tip of 
dorsal sepal to the foremost part of the 
labellum. Even the yellowish colour in the 
throat has almost disappeared, all that 
remains being a few greenish-yellow lines. 
Another rarity in this class is the variety 
Purity, which once carried the unusual 
number of five well-developed flowers on a 
single spike. Needless to remark all the 
segments are pure white. 

The varieties with coloured labellums are 
numerous and considerably more attractive, 
possibly owing to the contrast of the purple 


Bridge, Haywards 


62 THE ORCHID WORED: 


pigment and the white ground. It has been 
frequently noticed that the brighter the 
colour on the labellum so much the whiter 
do the other segments appear to the eye. 
The variety bearing the name Mrs. E. 
Ashworth is still regarded as one of the finest 
yet seen, although it is now some 20 years 
since it was first exhibited. There is a par- 
ticularly graceful style in the way the petals 
are arranged in bending form, while the 
labellum is noted for the exceptionally bright 
magenta-purple veining. In the variety 
bearing the name Daphne the violet-purple 
on the labellum is surrounded by an unusually 
broad white area, thus yielding a striking 
contrast. This variety was one of the gems 
in the Bradshaw collection, as also was Pride 
of Southgate, another distinct variety, now in 
the possession of Mr. E. V. Low, and 
carrying three handsome blooms. 

A beautiful variety called La Vierge, once 
in the celebrated collection of Mrs. Briggs 
Bury, has been in fine form this season, the 
vividly-bright colour on the labellum being 
surrounded by a white border. In this same 
section are the two extra choice varieties, 
known respectively as Louise and Princess 
Heélene. 

A very uncommon variation is to be seen in 
the variety R. I. Measures, the snow-white 
flower having the open part of the labellum 
suffused with pink. There is also a new and 
very distinct form, named Lady Jellicoe, 
which has pure white sepals and petals and 


a light lavender coloured lip. The well- 
known Amesiana and Gilmourie are 
represented by robust plants carrying 


exceptionally strong flower spikes. 

Amongst the newer varieties of promise 
mention may be made of Mrs. A. Ommund- 
sen, with white sepals and petals, and another 
known as Kromere, which has the unusual 
character of a bluish labellum. The variety 
elauca is quite distinct by reason of the 
peculiar bluish-grey tint suffused over the 
whole flower; this season it has carried a 
spike of three large flowers. 

Although it is somewhat difficult to notice 
all the various varieties, mention should be 
made of W. R. Lee and Leeana, as well as 


[December, 1914. 


reedleyensis and Lady Duff, all of which are 
meritorious plants. 

One variety, however, styled Sir John 
French, deserving special mention is a newly- 
imported plant, which, when it has been 
properly established, will undoubtedly prove 
to be one of the finest varieties yet seen. At 
present it is flowering on a small and poorly 
developed bulb, but the flower already gives 
strong evidence of what is likely to be seen 
in future years. This is expected to prove a 
rival to the renowned Gilmourie. 

Many other albino species are cultivated, 
and produce elegant flowers in their respec- 
tive seasons. Of these mention can here be 
made of C. Lueddemanniana [mpress, the 
finest alba variety of this species yet 
flowered; Mr. Richard Ashworth’s variety of 
C. Gaskelliana, and M. Lambeau’s variety of 
C. Mendelu, which has white sepals and 
petals and a bluish labellum. Lzlio-Cattleya 
Decia alba is believed to be the only instance 
of a L. Perrini hybrid throwing an albino 
flower, the sepals and petals being pure 
white, the labellum rose-pink. The new 
Cattleya Brenda (Dusseldorfei Undine x 
Gaskelliana alba) is well represented. 

There are several good plants of the 
distinct Lelia tenebrosa “Walton Grange 
var.,” and what is perhaps of still greater 
interest a most promising batch of seedlings 
between this and a specially selected form of 
C. aurea. Judging by the bulbs made during 
the past summer several of the seedlings will 
flower during the next season. This hybrid 
bears the name of L.-C. luminosa aurea, and 
an illustration of a beautiful variety, derived 
from similar parents, was included in our last 
issue. 

While on the subject of albino Orchids, it 
is of interest to note several strong plants 
of the pure white variety of Dendrobium 
Phalznopsis, which find a suitable growing 
place suspended from the roof of a Cattleya 
house. This North Australian species is not 
only very graceful in appearance, but forms 
a good subject where cut flowers are required 
for decorative purposes. At Vale Bridge a 
large batch of robust plants has produced a 
quantity of crimson-purple flowers. 


WORLD. 


ORCHID 


4 
vi) 


THE 


December, 1914. | 


“DIDISILI aUASO]D) 


64 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


C@LOGYNE CRISTATA. 


CGELOGYNE CRISTATA is generally 
to be found amongst the first dozen 
plants purchased by an amateur. Its 

cultivation is universal, and in many green- 
houses where decorative and other plants are 
erown it often serves as the sole representa- 
tive of the Orchid family. One has not far 
to search for the cause of this popularity. In 
the first place, healthy, vigorous plants can be 
purchased for a small sum; secondly, they 
require little more than ordinary care ; and, 
thirdly, they give an abundance of bloom 
during the late winter months, a season when 
every kind of flower is greatly appreciated. 

Years ago frequent importations took place, 
but the stock of plants in this and many other 
countries is now amply sufficient to supply all 
present demands. In common with all kinds 
of Orchids this species must be in good 
health, otherwise satisfaction will never be 
acquired. There are many kind-hearted 
Orchidists who will willingly give suitable 
plants to any amateur desiring to commence 
the cultivation of these elegant flowers, but 
failing this opportunity strong plants can be 
purchased from any of the well-known trade 
dealers. 

Our illustration shows only a portion of a 
flowering plant. Small plants are not recom- 
mended, for it is not until the bulbs are 
numerous that good flowering results are 
obtained. The more the bulbs grow one 
upon another, and thus form congested 
masses, so much the more numerous do the 
flowers appear to be. It 1s no uncommon 
sight to see plants 18 inches in diameter 
with hundreds of bulbs piled up in almost 
pyramidical style, and bearing in the late 
winter months nearly enough bloom to 
completely hide the plant. 

When the plants attain large proportions it 
will be convenient to cultivate them in shallow 
pans, or else in large pots two-thirds full of 
crocks ; too great a mass of compost 1s always 
injurious, and tends to injure the plant by 
becoming sour through an over-abundance of 
moisture. Of course, during the growing 
season the plants should never lack a sufficient 


| December, 1914. 


supply of moisture, but when the bulbs are 
maturing and autumnal weather is prevalent 
then drier conditions should be maintained. 
During the winter months but little water will 
be required, otherwise the flower buds, 
situated at the base of the bulbs, are lable 
to rot off. 

With regard to temperature nothing very 
definite need be stated. This species can be 
successfully cultivated in an ordinary green- 
house along with ferns and other shade-loving 
plants, or it can be placed in a vinery or other 
houses of similar temperature. In Orchid 
establishments it is usually placed in company 
with the cool-growing kinds during the 
summer months and removed to a warmer 
temperature in winter time. If there is a 
secret regarding its cultivation it seems to be 
that a warm house is needed during the 
winter months, a minimum temperature being 
about 55 degrees. 

Coelogyne cristata was originally discovered 
by Dr. Wallich, in 1824. Its native home is 
in the Himalayan zone, at elevations ranging 
from 4,500—7,500 feet. The flowers are pure 
white, with orange-yellow keels on the 
labellum. Various varieties have from time 
to time been recorded, the most prominent 
being alba, in which the labellum is entirely 
devoid of yellow, and Lemoniana, in which 
the labellum is marked with citron. The 
latter variety first appeared in the collection 
of Sir Charles Lemon, at Carclew. 


Celogyne tomentosa. 


December, 1914. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 65 


CYPRIPEDIUM  INSIGNE. 


UR contemporary, The Journal of 
Horticulture, has always done much 
towards the advancement of Orchid- 

ology, and many excellent illustrations of 
these aristocratic plants have from time to 
time appeared in its pages. This enterprising 
“Journal” has decided to institute a series of 
competition essays with a view to encouraging 
the education of gardeners and those inter- 
ested in gardening, the monthly Prize being 
a Solid Gold Medal and a weekly copy of the 
publication post free for a year. A recent 
subject upon which essays were invited was 
Cypripedium insigne, the final decision being 
entrusted to Mr. Gurney Wilson, who, from 
the many excellent articles sent in, selected 
that written by Mr. J. T. Barker, The Weir, 
Hessle, near Hull, as worthy of the Prize. 
By courtesy of Mr. Horace J. Wright, Editor 
of The Journal of Horticulture, we have 
pleasure in publishing the winning essay. 


CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE. 


Since its introduction about the year 1819 
few plants have been so extensively grown 
or proved of such horticultural value as 
Cypripedium insigne and_ its varieties. 
Originally discovered by Dr. Wallich, in the 
Sylhet district of north-east India, it flowered 
for the first time in this country in the 
Liverpool Botanic Garden in the autumn of 
1820; it has been discovered subsequently 
by other collectors in different districts, hence 
the many varieties. 

It is grown in almost every garden which 
contains a greenhouse, and under whatsoever 
conditions rarely fails to produce flowers. I 
have seen it grown under almost every 
condition imaginable—in windows, green- 
houses and stoves, and always it flourished. 
Plants growing under adverse conditions do 
not, of course, produce blossoms of the best 
quality; neither are they so effective either 
on the plants or in a cut state. The flowers, 
which are most varied, adapt themselves to 
almost every kind of decorative work, and 
are much prized during the dull, dark days of 
winter, 


The flowering season of C. insigne extends 
from the early part of October until the end 
of February, and may be even extended by 
placing the plants in cooler quarters, and then 
again into heat some little time before the 
flowers are required. It may be grown as 
large specimens, or as small plants for 
decoration, for which the long-lasting 
properties of the flowers render it extremely 
valuable. 

To those who reside near our great 
industrial centres, where fogs prevail and the 
atmosphere is heavily charged with obnoxious 
matters, these plants are indispensable, as 


they succeed when many others fail to grow. 
CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE AS A PARENT. 


To this species chiefly we are indebted for 
the fine race of winter-flowering Cypripediums 
we now have in cultivation. It has been 
crossed with the majority of the species, 
many hybrids, and the varieties have even 
been crossed with each other, in some cases 
with excellent results. 

Space forbids me giving even an outline of 
the many beautiful hybrids. Suffice to show 
the diversity of colour to state that the 
progeny varies from the almost pure white, 
C. Boltoni, to the deepest hue. There are 
few winter Cypripediums which have not 
some blood of this species in them. 

An attempt to describe the numerous 
varieties would demand much more space 
than that at my disposal. | will only mention 
one or two of the best, because these demand 
no more space or skill in culture than the 
inferior ones, and they should, therefore, be 
given the preference. At the present day C. 
insigne must be divided into two sections, 
namely, those which produce yellow flowers 
and those which produce spotted ones. 
Among the former C. insigne Sander 1s still 
incomparably the best, followed closely by 
C.1. Sanderianum, C. 1. Gladys, and C. 1. Gloire 
d’Auderghem. 
the large C. insigne Harefield Hall variety is 
much the best, judged either for size or 
colour; but it is followed closely by C. 1. 
stupendum and C. 1. Chantini. 


Among the spotted varieties 


66 DAE ORCHID 


NOTES ON CULTIVATION. 


As a plant in universal request, it is, as I 
have previously stated, grown under various 
conditions; but to achieve the finest results 
some definite routine of management 1s 
imperative. I am well aware that there are 
other modes of cultivation quite as successful 
as the one here laid down, but the lne of 
practice is the one adopted by myself, and, 
if I may be allowed to say so, with the most 
cratifying results. 

The majority of the varieties are extremely 
vigorous of constitution, and so far defy bad 
and indifferent treatment as to render them 
suitable for amateurs who have not too much 
time to bestow upon the plants, but who love 
them nevertheless. An up-to-date collection 
of C. insigne is so varied that there must be 
differences in respect of their requirements. 
It will also be observed that there is con- 
siderable diversity in the width and strength 
of the foliage, as well as in the rooting 
systems of the plants. Such details must be 
carefully noted when potting the plants, the 
feeble rooters never being placed in large 
pots, while the strong growers may have a 
material shift as regards the size of pot. 

C. insigne is often recommended as a cool- 
house Orchid, but I have never seen a 
satisfactory specimen produced under those 
conditions, and | do not, therefore, advise that 
it should be treated as such. The flowers on 
the half-starved plants grown in a cool house 
are midgets compared to those yielded under 
more favourable conditions. The plants 
succeed best in a warm winter temperature of 
During the 
summer months they must be shaded from 


about 55 degs. to 60 degs. 


strong sunshine, and the atmosphere must be 
kept humid at all times; much less moisture 
will suffice in the winter. A useful guide is 
the greater the heat the more the moisture, 
as they will withstand the heat provided that 
there 1s an abundance of moisture. The 
plants are best raised well up to the glass, to 
prevent the leaves becoming drawn. They 
should be supplied with fresh air at all 
seasons. 

PoTTING.The best time to repot the 


WORLD. [December, 1914. 


plants is shortly after flowering, when the 
half-developed new growths are about to 
push roots; if one can anticipate these roots 
so much the better, as the plant then 
re-establishes itself more quickly. The pots 
must be clean and well-drained. A layer of 
2 inches of clean crocks is ample, placed 
carefully in position, as drainage does not 
depend so much on the quantity of material 
used as the way in which it is disposed in the 
receptacles. In repotting the plants, as much 
as possible of the old material ought to be 
removed without damaging the roots, and the 
old woody rhizome must be cut away, as if 
allowed to remain it often causes decay in the 
centre. 

Compost.—A suitable compost is made up 
as follows: Equal parts of peat, Osmunda, 
At, and loam fibre mixed with a liberal 
addition of sphagnum moss. All the earthy 
particles should be removed from the peat 
and other fibres. The material must be made 
firm about the roots, and it ought to be 
heated to the same degree as the tempera- 
ture of the house in which the plants are 
growing; this is easily accomplished by 
placing the compost in the house overnight. 

PROPAGATION. — This is_ effected by 
division, and in the case of C. 1. Sandere it 
can also be done by raising seedlings 
fertilised with its own pollen, which 
invariably come true. This is_ rather 
remarkable, as generally when this variety is 
used as a parent its progeny reverts to a 
normal type. It is not desirable to divide 
the plants into small pieces, as pieces of fair 
size produce flowers of the best quality, while 
small portions are not, in some cases, the best 
of growers. 

WATERING.—The amount of water applied 
to the roots of any plant grown in a pot 
depends a great deal upon the nature of the 
compost. Should the material be close and 
retentive much less water will be required 
than when an open and porous mixture is 
used. Soft water, whenever obtainable, 
should always be preferred both for root 
application and spraying, and it should be as 
nearly as possible of the same temperature as 
the house. Cold hard water is liable to cause 


December, 1914. | THE ORCHID WORLD: 67 


the young leaves \to)assumei a brown | rusty 
appearance, and to check the young roots. 

After repotting, water with great caution 
until the new roots have freely entered the 
material; then the supply can be gradually 
increased, but a saturated condition must be 
avoided as it causes a sour compost, in which 
no plant delights. When the flowering 
period is over, keep the plants slightly on 
the dry side; but having no pseudo-bulbs to 
support them they must not be allowed to 
suffer through lack of water at any season. 
When in full growth the supply of water to 
the roots should be liberal, care being taken 
that the compost becomes dry between the 
applications. 

CLEANLINESS.— This is essential, but when 
the plants are grown under correct conditions 


they are not subject to insect pests. ‘Thrips 
and stock-seeded scale may, however, infest 
them, and it 1s advisable to sponge the leaves 
once or twice a year with some safe insecti- 
cide. The best times are,..perhaps, just 
before the plants come into bloom and, after 
repotting. 

Should anyone have the inclination to 
acquire a complete set of varieties they would 
possess a collection of plants of no mean 
Although some people consider that 
CaUinsione isa plant of the past, I am 
convinced that for winter flowering there 1s 
As the flower 
spikes push up and attain to sufficient length 
they should be neatly tied to stakes to 
prevent twisting and to give the flowers a 


order. 


nothing which can rival it. 


natural appearance. 


Cypripedium hirsutissimum. 


68 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


NOTES FOR AMATEURS. 


HE month of December marks the 
fh: commencement of the real winter 
treatment of Orchids, and for that 

reason many of the details of culture in use 
during the last few months must be put on 
one side until the advent of longer days and 
more genial weather. All Orchids require a 
certain amount of atmospheric moisture 
during the whole of the year, although when 
at rest a much smaller quantity will suffice. 

In summer and bright autumn days much 
damping down is required to balance the 
rapid evaporation, but unless the grower 1s 
careful this practice is apt to be methodically 
continued for a longer period than is really 
necessary, with the result that an excess of 
moisture brings about an atmosphere 
unnatural to the occupants of the house. 
During the winter months considerably less 
damping down is required, the only places 
where it is principally needed being round 
about the boiler-end of the house and the 
ground near the hot-water pipes, for it is here 
that evaporation is taking place most rapidly. 
Whenever an extra amount of artificial heat 
is used there will be needed a corresponding 
increase in the damping down. 

A sunny morning often induces the grower 
te use a considerable quantity of water for 
damping down, resulting in a very moist 
atmosphere. Now if the weather remains 
bright all will be well, for much of this water 
will evaporate before the evening; but it often 
happens that a bright and promising morning 
soon turns into a dreary and rainy day, and 
the Orchid house is left with an excessive 
amount of atmospheric moisture. In this 
event the grower must use all his ability to 
disperse the unrequired moisture by reason- 
able ventilation and fire heat. No sudden 
change should be attempted, nor should a 
large amount of fire heat be alone used, or 
the house may become a hot vapour bath. 
What is required is a slow but continuous 
movement of the atmosphere, which may 
be effected by slightly opening the top 
ventilators and maintaining a gentle heat in 
the hot-water pipes. After a few hours the 


[December, 1914. 


atmosphere: will, be--much~ drier and may 
safely be left in this condition during a cold 
night. Nothing is more detrimental to 
Orchids than an unreasonably moist atmo- 
sphere when the temperature is below the 
normal figure. 

The amount of light is now considerably 
reduced, so much so that the few plants in 
growth will need every care to ensure a 
robust bulb being produced. The best place 
should be selected for planis in growth, a 
situation near the glass, and away from 
shelves or dark ends and walls that may 
keep off the little sunshine which makes its 
appearance during the winter months. It 
will be found a good plan to rearrange the 
plants every month, placing those in growth 
upon an inverted pot, or, if many, placing 
them together in a separate part of the house. 
In this way they can receive the necessary 
daily attention in a few moments. Of course, 
the majority of plants are now in a state of 
comparative rest, and once or twice a week 
will be quite sufficient to attend to their 
wants, which will mainly consist of occasional 
watering and some slight cleaning when 
insect pests arrive. 

With Odontoglossums of the crispum type 
the conditions are somewhat different, for 
these cool-house plants continue their growth 
night through the winter months. But even 
with these less water will be required, and 
although a minimum temperature of 50 degs. 
should be aimed at, no real damage will occur 
if the thermometer falls to 45 degs. On 
excessively cold nights it may not be possible 
to maintain more than 40 degs., and when 
this is the case very little atmospheric 
moisture should be present, and the plants 
should not be watered until better conditions 
prevail. An excellent plan is to cover the 
glass with mats or sacks, and when lath roller 
blinds are in use they may be let down as 
additional protection. Excessive fire heat is 
never good for plants, so every means must 
be taken of preventing a loss of heat from 
the house, and thus reducing the need of 
over-heated pipes. 

Of late years fogs have been less prevalent, 
but they are always likely to occur near large 


December, 1914. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 09 


towns, and when least expected. But few 
Orchid flowers can stand foggy weather, so 
that when it arrives every means must be 
used to keep the injurious atmosphere out of 
the house by shutting all ventilators and 
opening the doors as seldom as_ possible. 
IXven with these precautions the fog, if 
continuous, will sooner or later find an 
entrance, but every hour of preventing its 
access to the plants is so many points towards 
their good health. 

Cleaning the plants is an occupation that 
may often be done in odd hours, and even 
during the evening by means of artificial 
light. No matter how clean the house itself 
may be, it 1s generally possible to find some 
scale on plants of the Cattleya kind; its 
presence is easily detected on the under side 
of the leaves, but search should specially be 
made under the white skin which has a dried 
and dead-like look and surrounds the matured 
bulbs. If no scale is to be seen it is better 
for the sake of appearance not to disturb this 
outer skin, although its removal does not 
seem to affect the condition of the plant, that 
is, of course, providing the bulbs are fully 
matured. This scale clings tenaciously and 
its removal is best effected by means of 
suitable insecticide; if after a few minutes’ 
application it still adheres a pointed stick or 
blunt knife will be required. Another 
favourite place for scale is on the rhizome 
and dormant eyes at the base of the bulb, 
and much care is needed to remove it 
without damaging the sensitive part of the 
plant. 

Dendrobiums are also liable to be attacked, 
and require careful attention, although when 
certain leaves are badly affected and disfigured 
it will be found best to totally remove them. 
Scale is very rarely found on Odontoglossums, 
these cool-house plants being favourite 
subjects for thrips, which delight to damage 
the flower spikes and disfigure the new 
growth. Fumigation is generally effectual, 
care being taken that water is not lodging in 
the growths, or it may prove a source of 
retreat for the thrips until the fumes have 
passed away, when they will march forth 
once again on their work of destruction. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 


November 3rd, 1914. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr. 
Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah Colman, 
Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. F. M. 
Ogilvie, T. Armstrong, W. Cobb, J. Charles- 
wort, |e Gypher, J. &. Stull, S. W. Flory, 
W. P. Bound, H. G. Alexander, A. Dye, W. H. 
White, E. H. Davidson, W. Bolton, de B. 
Crawshay and Gurney Wilson. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Sophro-Lela Felicia Fowler's — variety 
(S.-L. heatonensis x L. pumila), from J. Gurney 
Fowler, Esq., Pembury, Tunbridge Wells.— 
An exceedingly fine hybrid and one of the 
best of the Sophronitis crosses. Flower of 
perfect formation, the petals very broad, lip 
large and well expanded. The colour 1s rich 


ruby-purple with a glowing surface. 
AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Astron (Harrisoniana alba x 
Dusseldorfei Undine), from Baron Bruno 
Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green—A 
pure white flower of thick substance. This 
hybrid received an A.M., July 28th, but on 
account of the flower not then being available 
for painting the award was withdrawn. It is 
now confirmed. 

Lelio-Cattleya Neleus var. Sunspot (C. 
Iris x L.-C. Ophir), from F. Menteith Ogilvie, 
Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford-——A_ very 
brilliantly coloured flower, the sepals and 
petals bright golden-yellow, the labellum rich 
crimson-red. One of the best of its kind. 

Cypripedium Nirvana (parentage  unre- 
corded), from W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton 
Hall, Heywood.—A large flower of excellent 
shape and proportion, the large white dorsal 
having the base marked with green and 
spotted with purple. 

Odontoglossum Irene (Uro-Skinneri x 
Thompsonianum), from Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co., Haywards Heath——A pretty flower 
of medium size, the sepals and petals spotted 


=o THE ORCHID 


with dark reddish-crimson, the labellum 
heavily blotched with crimson. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. Haywards 
Heath, received a Silver Flora Medal for an 
excellent selection, including Cattleya Enid 
and C. Fabia albens, Cypripedium Lord 
Ossulston, Odontioda Brewin with dark 
crimson flowers, and a distinct variety of 
Cattleya Hybla (Triane x Iris) with a rich 
rosy-plum coloured labellum. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an inter- 
esting group, in which were Cypripedium The 
Baron, the pretty Odontonia MacNabiana, 
good varieties of Cattleya Fabia alba and C. 
Mantinu, and a very bright form of Cattleya 
Hardyana. The rare Coelogyne Mooreana 
was also shown. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
obtained a Siiver Banksian Medal for a 
pleasing exhibit of Vanda ccerulea and 
Dendrobium superbiens, as well as D. 
Phalaenopsis. Cattleya Peetersi and C. Fabia 
alba were in good form, and Lelio-Cattleya 
eximia was shown with a spike of 6 flowers. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, exhibited their new Brasso-Cattleya 
Admiral Jellicoe (C. Lord Rothschild x B.-C. 
Digbyano-Mossiz), an excellent hybrid with 
rosy-mauve segments. Also B.-C. Mrs. J. 
Leemann Orchidhurst variety, a large flower 
of primrose-yellow colour, the lip marked 
with rose; and Lelio-Cattleya Hector 
Orchidhurst variety. 

Mr. E. V. Low, Vale Bridge, Haywards 
Heath, showed several excellent examples of 
white varieties of Cattleya labiata, including 
Pride of Southgate with a spike of 3 flowers, 
R. I. Measures, Daphne, Mrs. E. Ashworth 
and La Vierge. 

E. Whiteaway, Esq. Feltham Lodge, 
Feltham, sent a flower of Brasso-Cattleya 
Surprise var. Gladius (C. bicolor x B.-C. 
Digbyano-Mossie), with greenish-yellow 
sepals and petals, the expanded and flatly 
arranged median lobe of the labellum bright 
purple. 


W.R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood, 


WORLD. |December, 1914. 


sent Odontioda Schréderiana Lee’s variety 
(Oda. Bradshawie x Odm. crispum), an 
excellent flower with large segments of 
cinnabar-red colour margined with rose-lilac. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, exhibited 
Anguloa Clifton, a distinct variety, of lemon- 
yellow colour marked with purple on the inner 
segments. 

November 17th, 1914. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Gn the chair), Mr. 
Jas. O'Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah Colman, 
Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. F. M. 
Ogilvie, F. J. Hanbury, A. McBean, W. 
Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H. 
Hatcher, C.. H. Curtis He 2 *Chayman. meee 
Dye, »E. H. Davidson, ‘S. -W.) Eleryaie 
Bolton, J. Wilson Potter, J. E. Shill, de-B. 
Crawshay, Gurney Wilson and R. A. Rolfe. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Sophro-Cattleya November (C. Portia x 
S. grandiflora), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., 
Srackenhurst, Pembury.—An extremely well- 
built flower, all the segments being very 
broad and of rose-crimson colour, the open 
labellum having a crimson apex and yellowish 
base. 

Odontoglossum crispum Millie, from 
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough—One of 
the finest of the Pacho type crispums, the 
segments being particularly broad and of 
large dimension. Silvery-white with a few 
spots on the labellum. 


CERTIFICATE OF APPRECIATION 


To C. J. Lucas, Esq. Warnham Court, 
Horsham, for Calanthe Branchii (Textorti x 
Wm. Murray), a very interesting hybrid 
connecting the evergreen and _ deciduous 
sections. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


To Mr. J. Davis Orchid grower to J. 
Gurney Fowler, Esq., for Odontoglossum 
Lambeauianum with a spike of 53 flowers. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for a good group containing the yellow 


December, 1914. | LE ORGETD 


Lelho-Cattleya Neleus, L.-C. St. Gothard and 
[e-CG-e Black = Pmnce * 
Brasso-Cattleya Rutherfordu, with whitish 
flowers; pretty varieties of Odontoglossum 
Dora, the richly coloured Odontioda Brewu, 
and Cypripedium Gaston Bulteel var. King 
Edward. The elegant Paphinia cristata was 
well shown. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
obtained a Silver Flora Medal for an attrac- 
tive selection of a species and hybrids, the 
best being Aerides Lawrencee, Mawillaria 
luteo-alba, the rare Ccelogyne Mooreana, 
Cattleya Fabia alba, the new Brassocattlelia 
Seaforth Highlander, with large rose 
coloured flowers, Odontonia MacNabiana, 
and the new Odentonia Princess Marie José 
with an erect spike of violet-rose flowers, the 
labellum blotched with brownish scarlet. 

Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
secured a Silver Flora Medal for a _ well 
arranged group of Cypripediums, including 
Gaston Bulteel, the richly coloured Priam, 
Elatior, Leeanum Corona, the beautiful Bol- 
toni and the well-known insigne Harefield Hall. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
were awarded a Silver Flora Medal for some 
iteresting species and hybrids. Among 
these were a fine variety of Vanda Sander- 
lana, the rare Oncidium varicosum citrinum, 
Ceelogyne Veitchu, the distinct Cattleya 
labiata “R. I. Measures,” and a bold variety 
of Cattleya Dupreana, named Gorgeous. 
Good examples of Dendrobium Phalznopsis 
were also staged. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. Southgate, 
exhibited Cattleya Moira magnifica (Mantinu 
x Fabia), with rich rose-purple flowers and 
an orange centre to the labellum. Also 
Lelhio-Cattleya Nestor, Brasso-Cattleya Mrs. 
J. Leemann, and the distinct Cattleya Sylvia 
var. sulphurea. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
staged the new Sophro-Cattleya Pearl (Doris 
x Portia), with crimson-purple flowers. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, exhibited 
Zygo-Colax Veitch, with well-developed 
flowers, and the elegant Odontoglossum 
crispum Millie, which obtained an Award of 
Merit. 


several varieties of 


WORLD. 71 


John YT. Bennett-Poe, [sq., exhibited 
Brasso-Cattleya Mme. Chas. Maron, a well- 
built flower of bright rose-purple colour. 

William Potter, Esq., Elmside, Lawn Road, 
Beckenham, sent a Cattleya flower with 
bright purple veining on the lip, somewhat 
resembling that seen in C. maxima, but the 
Committee were unable to determine its 
correct name. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY. 


October 15th, 1914. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Bamber, H. Bell, J. J. Bolton, 
J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, J. Howes, 
A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, C. 
Parker, W. Shackleton, Z. A. Ward, G. 
Weatherby and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, for an excellent 
group of various Orchids. 

Large Silver Medals were granted to Z. A. 
Ward, Esg., Northenden; and W. R. Lee, 
Esq., Heywood, for good groups. 

Silver Medals were granted to Wilham 
Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange ; and Messrs. 
Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham. 

A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to 
Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn; and a 
Special Vote of Thanks to J. J. Bolton, Esq., 
Manchester. 

Other exhibitors included A. J. Oakshott, 
Esq a.bidstom; Stott, Esq. Radchiff ; 
Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford ; 
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans; Mr. J 
Evans and Mr. J. Birchenall. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Odontonia Cholleti (Miltonia vewnillaria x 
Odontoglossum Harryanum), a flower with 
segments of suffused pink, the labellum 
resembling that of Harryanum. From W. R 
Lee, Esq. 


| 
to 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya labiata Pandora, C. 1. Ashlands 
var., Odontoglossum Minos (loochristiense x 
Lambeauianum), and Cypripedium Thisbe. 
All from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Fabia alba var. Lady Jellicoe, 
Cattleya Iris var. Sir John Jellicoe, and Leelio- 
Cattleya St. Gothard “ West Point var.” All 
from S. Gratrix, Esq. 


November 5th, 1914. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, 
J. Howes, A. J. Keeling; ]. Lapten, ©): 
McLeod, W. J. Morgan, ©. Parker; W. 
Shackleton, H. Thorp, Z. A: Ward, G. 
Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to 
Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn, for an 
excellent exhibit of various Orchids; and a 
Silver-gilt Medal to R. Ashworth, Esq, 
Newchurch, for a fine group of Cattleyas and 
Cypripediums. 

Large Silver Medals were granted to Wm. 
Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange; and Z. A. 
Ward, Esq., Northenden. 

Silver Medals were awarded to Mrs. R. le 
Doux, West Derby; and Messrs. Sander and 
Sons, St. Albans. 

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury, exhibited ten 
plants of Cypripedium Maudie and_ nine 
plants of C. Fairrieanum, as well as others. 

H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rainhill, staged 
Cypripedium Reg. Young and Earl of 
Tankerville x Fairrieanum. 

Mr. E. V. Low, Haywards Heath, 
exhibited a batch of rare varieties of white 
Cattleya labiata. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. Southgate, 
exhibited Cattleyas of merit; and Mr. W. 
Shackleton, Bradford, and Mr. D. McLeod, 
Chorlton-cum-Hardy, also exhibited special 
plants. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Cattleya Peetersii alba, West Point var., a 
well-set flower with pure white sepals and 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. | December, 1914. 
petals, and brilliantly coloured lip, from S 
Gratrix, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum Noel, O. Jeanette rubellum, 
Cattleya Sylvia atro-rubens, Cypripedium 
Idina, all from Wm. Thompson, Esq. 

Brasso-Cattleya sulphurea (C. Gaskelliana 
alba x B.-C. Mrs. J. Leemann), from Re 
Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Armstrongie, Cringlewood var., 
from Z, A. Ward, Esq. 

Cattleya Fabia “Fire King,” from Mrs. R. 
le Doux. 

Cypripedium Draco var. Cyclops, from S. 
Gratrix, Esq. 


AWARDS OF APPRECIATION. 


Cattleya Fabia alba, from Wm. Thompson, 
Bisq: 

Cattleya labiata “ Rosy Morn,” from Col. J. 
Rutherford. 

Odontonia McNabiana, from 
Sander and Sons. 

Cypripedium Gen. Joffre (Leeanum Laver- 
tonianum x Ceres), from Messrs. Keeling and 
Sons. 


Messrs. 


FIRST-CLASS BOTANICAL CERTIFICATE. 


Ccelogyne brunnea, from Messrs. Sander 
and Sons. 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 
To Mr. J. Weatherby, gardener to Z. A. 


Ward, Esq., for a fine example of Cattleya 
Armstrongiz, Cringlewood var. 


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ORCHID WORLD. 


JANUARY, 


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SOKQAIR 


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ed Web 


NOC VES: 


from the same bulb and carrying a total of 


ANGRECUM RECTUM.—The handsome 
plant figured in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IV., 
p. 80, is again in flower in Messrs. Charles- 
worth’s establishment at Haywards Heath. 
This time it bears no less than 46 flowers, and 
is making two or three young growths from 
the older portion of the thick stem. 


oe oy us 
4% XY ay 


THE ASHTEAD PARK COLLECTION.—We 
have pleasure in announcing that Mr. Pantia 
Ralli, of Ashtead Park, Surrey, has been 
elected a member of the Orchid Committee 
of the Royal Horticultural Society. For some 
considerable time the Ashtead Park collection 
has received many rare and choice specimens, 
and at the present time it is one of the finest 
in the South of England. The plants have 
been successfully cultivated by Mr. S. Parnes 
and look the picture of good health. It is 
worthy of note that Mr. W. H. White, late of 
Burford, has been engaged to assist in the 
Orchid houses at Ashtead Park, and with 
such a combination of talent a large measure 
of success will assuredly be produced. 


uy %Y “uy 
S %Y % 
MY Mexz “YE 


ORCHIDS IN FRANCE.—Mr. H. G. Crosley 
sends three interesting photographs of 
specimen plants in the Haut Buisson collec- 
tion, La Ferte Bernard, Sarthe, France. One 
is of a well-flowered Dendrobium formosum, 
an excellent early winter blooming species, 
while the others represent Cypripedium 
Rossetti, a strongly grown plant with large 
blooms, and Odontoglossum  illustrissimum, 
the latter showing two spikes, both produced 


¥OL. V. 


70 blotched flowers. Other 
Odontoglossums are equally well cultivated, 
and, together with various Oncidiums, 
grown in the same house as the Cypripediums. 


Various ferns and other plants are grown 


handsomely 


are 


under the staging, and assist in maintaining 
a constantly moist atmosphere. It is inter- 
esting to note that the Cypripediums are 
potted in peat and rough fibre, good loam 
being very difficult to procure. Mr. Crosley 
also refers to the useful article on Thermo- 
meters (p. 44), Centigrade being the recog- 
nised scale in his locality. 


uy YY yy 
Na “YE “¥ 


ROYAL THANKS.—Mrs. Wm. Bolton, of 
Wilderspool, Warrington, has received the 
following telegram from Queen Alexandra : 
——“I thank you both for the magnificent 
Orchids which you have so kindly sent me on 
my birthday.” For the last ten years Mr. Wm. 
Bolton has always forwarded some of his 
choicest flowers for Queen Alexandra's 
acceptance as a birthday present; this time 
the gift consisted of three large boxes of 
Cattleyas, Cypripediums, 
and Oncidiums. 


Odont @lossums 


Ye 


Str JOSEPH HOOKER.—At the Meeting of 
the Linnean Society, December 17th, 1914, 
Dr. O. Stapf read a letter addressed by Dr. 
Tokutaro Ito, of Tokyo, to Lady Hooker, in 
which he informs her that Sir Joseph D. 
Hooker “has been recently selected by the 
Japan as one of the 
of the World that 


Modern Time has produced.” 


contemporaries in 


Twenty-nine Heroes 


IO 


74. THE ORCHID 


OBITUARY.—We regret to record the death, 
which took place on December 17th ult., of 
Mr. W. B. Latham, for thirty-five years curator 
of the Birmingham Botanic Gardens. His 
name will be remembered by Cypripedium 
Lathamianum (Spicerianum x villosum) raised 
by him in 1888. 

STENOGLOTTIS LONGIFOLIA.— This pretty 
South African plant merits greater attention 
than generally given, for its graceful and 
crect many-flowered spikes are seen at their 
best during the dull days of December. The 
blooms are light mauve-purple, with a singular 
five-toothed lip; a pure white form has been 
discovered, but remains very rare. One of 
the finest batches of plants it has been our 
pleasure to see is in the collection of Col. 
Stephenson R. Clarke, C.B, Borde Hull, 
Cuckfield, Sussex, where many of the spikes 
have attained the height of 3 feet, and carry 
innumerable flowers. These plants are under 
the care of Mr. E. Johnson, who attributes 
much of his success to the fact that the 
tuberous roots are not dried off directly the 
plants have finished flowering, but are kept 
moderately moist until the new growth 
appears above the surface, when more water 
is applied, chiefly to the compost, although 
occasional spraying of the foliage is found to 
be beneficial. Some growers place the pots 
on a shelf as soon as flowering time is over, 
and there leave them in a dry state until the 
spring, much in the way of Thunia treatment, 
but this method does not yield anything hke 
the satisfactory results seen in the Borde Hill 
collection. The plants being of a terrestrial 
nature require a compost of fibrous loam with 
the addition of a little leaf mould. 


uy vy “yy 
Na Mz A4 


ORCHID FuNGuUS.—The Journal of the 
Royal Horticultural Society, Vol. XL., Part IL, 
contains a report of the lecture given by 
Prof. J. °B. Farmer, DSesghaesewon tre 
Plant in Relation to its Biological Environ- 
ment, from which we abstract the following 
note:—“A study of the relation of the 
higher plant to various fungal species is full 
of promise, both from a practical and a 


WORLD. | January, 1915. 


theoretical point of view. The cultivation of 
Orchids has been facilitated by the discovery 
of the general nature and mode of infection 
of the germinating seedling with the so-called 
symbiotic fungus. One of the most interesting, 
and from a_ theoretical point of view 
important, instances of the relation of an 
Orchid with a fungus is that of the Japanese 
species Gastrodia elata. We are fully 
acquainted with its remarkable life history, 
and it is one of the very few instances in 
which we are sure of the identity of the 
infecting fungus. Gastrodia is a terrestrial 
species which forms underground tubers. 
These only produce flowers when they have 
been infected with a rhizomorph of Agaricus 
(Armillaria) meélleus, which is often parasitic 
on the trees amongst which the Orchid 
grows. There are many theories (or rather 
hypotheses) as to how the association of the 
root and fungus to form a mycorrhiza is 
brought about, and as to the relation to each 
other which subsists between the two 
symbionts. But the examples that have been 
investigated leave no room for doubt that the 
relation is essentially one of parasitism. The 
degree of infection, however, is checked by 
the root, in some way not as yet fully 
understood. For the present it will suffice to 
say that, while in many cases the fungus 
seems to thrive, but fails to penetrate the 
deeper tissues of the root; in others it invades 
the whole plant without, however, doing it 
any harm. In others, again, certain tissues of 
ine host plant have obviously and definitely 
the power of destroying it after it has 
infected them and thriven for a while in their 
interior. But the mycorrhizal association itself 
is always beneficial, and often indispensable. 
The influences which enable a parasite to 
obtain entrance into the body of its host plant 
are at least two-fold in nature. First, there 
1s the attraction, which directs the attack, and, 
secondly, there is the actual method of 
penetration. It is probable that in all cases 
the sense of direction is given by some 
substance that exudes from the host plant, 
and that this serves as the means of 
attraction which determines the direction of 
growth towards it on the part of the parasite.” 


January, 1915. ] THE ORCHID. WORLD. 


“I 
ie a 


Odontoglossum Mirabeau var. Masliff. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM MIRABEAU. — The 
original illustration and description of this 
handsome Odontoglossum hybrid was pub- 
lished in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IV., 
p. 102, the parentage being :— 


erispum luteopurpureum nobile Harryanum 


| | | 


; 
Wilekeanum crispum Rolfeze  crispum 
] | | 
| 


Lambeauianum 


mirum 


Mirabeau 
In the variety Mastiff, illustrated above, the 


large size of the flower can be attributed to 
luteopurpureum and Harryanum, while the 
breadth of the segments is produced by the 
combined efforts of crispum and_ nobile 
(Pescatorei). The attenuated lip is very 
indicative of luteopurpureum, to which species 
also, as well as Harryanum, we are indebted 
for the heavy blotching and suffusion of 


colour in the background. This strongly 
built flower, appropriately named Mastiff, was 
exhibited by Messrs. J. and A. McBean, 
Cooksbridge, at the Royal Horticultural 
Society, April 21st, 1914, when a First-class 
Certificate was awarded. 

“THE ORCHID REVIEW.’—The December 
issue of this journal contains an excellent 
portrait of Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., 
V.M.H., Gatton Park, Surrey; and a repro- 
duced photograph of Oncidium Leiboldii, a 
distinct and pretty little Cuban species which 
has flowered in the collection of Mr. F. J. Le 
Moyne, Station L., Baltimore, Maryland, 
[Wows 


“XY “XY “SY 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.—Meet- 
ings of the Society will be held on January 5th 
and roth, and February 2nd, 1915. 


=6 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


‘ 


CATTLEYA DOWIANA MEMORIA JULIUS 
RoEeHRS.—Horticulture, U.S.A., contains in 
its issue of November 2Ist, 1914, an illus- 
tration of this rarity which has just flowered 
for the first time in an importation of the 
species. The flower differs from the type 
in that the lp is gold and orange-veined, 
without a trace of any other colour ; in fact, 
it is an all-yellow Dowiana. The varietal 
name is that of the late Julius Roehrs, 
Rutherford, N.J., a man who during his life 
did much for the cause of Orchid culture 
in the United States. 


Nod “Ee 


CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE GLADys.—This 
variety is generally regarded as one of the 
purest of the albino forms, being entirely 
without the minute spots and brownish hairs 
that are present on other albinos of the 
species. Mr. Jas. Smith, of Arddarroch 
Gardens, Garelochhead, wishing to increase 
the stock of this variety, fertilised a flower of 
the same with its own pollen, firmly believing 
that the resulting seedlings would perpetuate 
the albino condition, as has invariably 
occurred when insigne Sandere has been 
self-fertilised. A number of strong plants 
were duly raised, and of the six that have so 
far reached the flowering stage every one has 
reverted to the typical coloured form of the 
species. What can be the reason? Mr. Smith 
sends flowers of both insigne Gladys and the 
disappointing seedlings, and suggests that 
insigne Gladys cannot be the true albino we 
once thought it to be. 


ORCHIDS FROM STREATHAM HILL.—F rom 
the collection of Mr. Richard G. Thwaites, 
Chessington, Streatham Hill, we have received 
flowers of Odontioda-. Latona sanguinea 
(Bradshawie x crispo-Harryanum), one of the 
finest yet flowered, of intense scarlet-red, with 
flat and broad segments; of Odontoglossum 
Chieftain (Vuylsteke1 x Rolfe), a promising 
variety of reddish-brown tint ; and of Cattleya 
Leda (Percivaliana x aurea), in which the lip 
is as large and fine as that of aurea. 


[January, 1915. 


THE GIANT ORCHID. 


The following interesting note on the 
Giant Orchid appears in a recent issue of the 
Kew Bulletin (1914, No. 9g):—“ The large 
plant of Grammatophyllum speciosum pre- 
sented to Kew by Messrs. Sander and Sons, 
Bruges and St. Albans, in May, 1893, and 
since then one of the principal features of 
House No. 10, is again in flower. Owing to 
its having been found necessary to reduce 
the plant last year by removing the oldest 
pseudo-bulbs, it has on this occasion only one 
flower spike, about 7 feet in height, and 
carrying over fifty flowers and buds. A 
better idea of the capabilities of this remark- 
able Orchid was obtained when the Kew 
specimen flowered in 1907. It then devel- 
oped three racemes; the tallest attained 
nearly 11 feet in height, and had, at one 
time, 82 expanded flowers and 40 unopened 
buds in various stages of development, the 
other two racemes being only slightly smaller. 
The largest flowers are commonly 6 inches in 
diameter, and are borne on the lower half of 
the inflorescence. The flowers have a spice- 
like odour and good lasting qualities. Their 
ground colour is dull yellow, heavily spotted 
with reddish-brown; the sepals and petals 
are spreading, broadly oblong obtuse, undu- 
late; the lip is small, being scarcely 1 inch 
long, three-lobed, orange streaked with red, 
the disc sulcate, with three raised plates, 
bristling with short hairs. The column is 
greenish-yellow spotted with reddish-brown. 
G. speciosum is the most common of the 
three or four species inhabiting the Malay 
Archipelago and Malacca. In a wild state, or 
cultivated in tropical gardens, it forms 
enormous masses on large trees, producing as 
many as fifty fiower-spikes at one time. It 
was first flowered in this country in 1851. 
The Kew plant was one of the largest that 
could be found in the neighbourhood of 
Penang. It was originally intended for the 
Chicago Exposition, but, meeting with an 
accident during the voyage to England, it 
was decided not to send it any further— 


W. W.” 


January, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM 
LILACINUM. 


O the present-day grower this name 
a only implies a_lilac-rose coloured 
crispum, but there is a variety, and a 
classic one too, named and certified long ago, 
existing in a few collections where portions 
of the plant are grown, but they are unknown 
lo their owners! | have a plant, and consider 
it one of the best of the roseum punctatissimum 
class, and its history will be of interest. 

One day in 1885, at Messrs. Protheroe and 
Morris’, I well remember the late Mr. H. M. 
Pollett, of Fernside, Bickley, bringing me a 
little box containing two blooms of crispum, 
one was lilacinum and the other roseum 
punctatissimum ; both were rosy varieties, but 
hlacinum far the better. He had recently 
purchased them in flower, giving 10 gns. 
for the former and 5 gns. for the latter, and 
asked my opimion upon the names _ he 
proposed for them. He exhibited both plants 
at the Royal Horticultural Society, May 20th, 
1885, each being awarded a_ First-class 
Certificate. 

In his sale, April 7th, 1801, llacinum 
appears as Lot 180, six bulbs, and was 
purchased by M. Lucien Linden for 80 gns. 
In the sale announcements in the Gardeners’ 
Chronicle, Feb. 27th, 1892, appears under the 
Protheroe and Morris’ sale of March 4th: 
“Also a beautiful Odontoglossum crispum 
lilacinum, now in full flower with fine bulbs.” 
(I have no doubt this should have been five 
bulbs.) I was not present at the sale and 
never heard until 1914 where the plant went. 

On June 27th, 1899, Sir Trevor Lawrence 
was granted an Award of Merit, and on 
March 20th, 1901, a First-class Certificate 
for Odontoglossum crispum purpurascens, a 
beautiful variety with lilac-rose flowers, 
copiously spotted with small spots of rich 
crimson-brown hue. Parts of this plant he 
afterwards disposed of, the highest price, I 
believe, being 150 gns. (Protheroe and Morris, 
Dec. 22nd, 1905), and they have been 
subsequently resold in various sales. These 
plants of purpurascens that are extant now 
are all parts of lilacinum. 


WOE: Vie 


N 
N 


Now for the discovery of the “alias.” 
On December 22nd, 1905, | exchanged a 
plant with Sir Trevor for another variety and 


Mr. W. H. 


White, who was with Sir Trevor and me in 


brought it home myself that day. 


the Odontoglossum house, packed up the 
plant. The plant did not like the change to 
Rosefield, and steadily went backwards, but 
with careful nursing it revived, and on Feb. 
20th, 1914, it bloomed. There was a strange 
sort of a “memory of long ago” in the flower 
which I could not recall, so I looked over all 
my “ancient history ” pictures and recognised 
it at once in the original painting of 
hlacinum given me on Sept. oth, 1899, by the 
late Mr. Pollett. 

I set to work to trace the history of 
purpurascens, which was not difficult, as Mr. 
W. H. White wrote to me that “Sir Trevor 
bought the plant at Messrs. Protheroe and 
Morris, March 4th, 1892, as O. crispum 
hlacnum; when it first flowered here 
(Burford) it was so poor that we almost 
decided to burn it. The plant’s life was 
spared, and it grew into a fine one, and in 
1899 so fine was it that Sir Trevor re-named 
it purpurascens.” 

It was easy to refer to the travels of 
lilacinum, and I soon found the above quoted 
Sale Announcement, and cleared up the facts. 
Hence all parts of purpurascens are, 
properly speaking, lilacinum by priority. 
This is a case of two First-class Certificates 
being given to one variety under two names ; 
the first time the plant appeared, under the 
name lilacinum, being before the Royal Horti- 
cultural Society commenced the painting of 
certificated plants, hence no record was 
available in 1899 and 1901 when the act was 
unwittingly committed, no one recognising 
the plant again, as it had so immensely 
improved. 

Finally, it is to be hoped that growers will 
do their utmost to preserve the old varieties 
and not let them go out of cultivation, as 
some day a historic collection of Odonto- 
glossums may be a means of perpetuating 
many things of extremely great interest. 
ade B. Crawshay, Rosefield, Nov. roth, 1or4. 


If 


78 THE ORCHID WORT: 


A PLEA FOR MORE ORCHID 
GROWING. 


R. A. J. PAINE’S interesting letter 
MI in the December issue of the 
ORCHID WORLD opens up a very 
wide field and touches a point of great 
interest to small amateur growers, many of 
whom would gladly welcome an innovation 
of the kind mentioned by Mr. Paine. Indeed, 
not only is this question of importance to the 
amateur with limited means, but, may I say, 
to the trade grower likewise. One has only 
to visit one of the trade or private establish- 
ments to notice the tens of thousands of 
seedlings, born, nurtured and doomed for the 
most part to a short existence. 

Let me explain. A grower sows a portion 
of seed which in due time produces some 
hundreds of seedlings, which under loving 
care and attention reward him eventually with 
his ultimate object—the flower. Now we 
know that these seedlings do not all turn out 
prizes, far from it, a few are selected as 
coming up to the raiser’s standard, and the 
others-—what becomes of them? I fear, alas! 
they are for the most part consigned to 
the flames to make room for the coming 
thousands. 

I have had the privilege of visiting the 
collections of some few of our noted growers 
and raisers, trade and private. One day, 
when paying a visit, | put the question to my 
guide, “ What becomes of the surplus plants, 
or throw-outs?” The answer came—they go 
on to the fire. Here wholesale destruction 
came into my mind, and also the thought how 
it would gladden the heart of many a small 
amateur to be possessed of a few of these 
derelicts if only he could buy them cheap 
Why not then, ye raisers and growers, 
advertise or distribute through the various 
channels for sale these surplus plants, species 
and hybrids alike. 

A thought flashes across my mind—Human 
nature, for does it not occur to one that a gem 
or variety of first rank might turn up out of 
these outcasts; and that brings one to the end 
of it all, human nature does not care for one 


| January, 1915. 


to reap the benefits of another’s labour and 
skill. Forgive me, reader, if I trespass on 
your feelings. 

I am afraid that some growers do not relish 
the idea of small transactions; at least, that 
is my experience, but happily there are 
exceptions. One well-known establishment 
close by has catered for my wants most 
liberally and generously, which is much 
appreciated ; also another grower, in London, 
when I was living there, where I always found 
plants “at the right price.—H. A. Farmer, 
Alillside, Somerset Road, Tunbridge Wells. 


Ir was with much interest I read in the 
December issue of the ORCHID WORLD 
Mr., Alf. J. “Paine’s. articles (3. = leaueran 
more Orchid Growing.” Being myself an 
amateur in a very humble way, and 
remembering well my fears and misgivings 
when I began some five years ago, it 1s easy 
for me to appreciate and endorse Mr. Paine’s 
views. Now, without doubt, once the mind is 
cleared of the fallacies and fears associated 
with Orchid growing in the ordinary way, and 
the trade lend their helping hand, which I am 
sure they will, then we shall see an addition 
to the ranks of amateurs in this most 
fascinating and inexpensive hobby, more 
particularly, no doubt, when the political 
affairs of the country are restored to peaceful 
times again. 

It is easy to prove that elaborate houses 
with special fittings are not absolutely 
essential, neither are the more costly species 
and hybrids necessary in the successful 
cultivation of certain yet pretty Orchids. 
Given an ordinary greenhouse, such as is 
often found in the garden of most villas, and 
heated with boiler and hot-water pipes, the 
possessor with a little perseverance may soon 
improvise staging, blinds, etc., suitable for 
the purpose, and a variety of plants may be 
selected in accordance with the aspect and 
heating capacity of the house. The trade 
will willingly advise a beginner as to the 


January, 1915. ] THE ORCHID? WORLD: 79 


choice of plants best suited to his facilities 
and pocket; at least, this has been my 
experience. 

When I began | found myself in possession 
of a small greenhouse, 15 feet by 7} feet, 
situated partly between two dwelling houses 
and condemned by my _ predecessors as 
useless for growing anything. Now, I had 
never before possessed a greenhouse of any 
sort, and this struck me as being better than 
nothing, so during a week at odd moments it 
was rendered sweet and clean.’ Friends here 
and there gave me a few plants, rather 
mixed, perhaps, but among the lot were two 
old Orchids—Cypripediums—known to me 
then as the Slipper Orchid ; nevertheless they 
were Orchids and my desire to grow them 
was at once aroused. When, however, I 
mentioned my ambition it was met with the 
usual cold-water type of remark that emanates 
chiefly from those who have not tried to grow 
Orchids ; as a result my ardour was damped, 
for I knew I could not afford either the time 
or expense suggested to be necessary. 
However, the idea of being beaten was 
repugnant, and as fools step in where angels 
fear to tread I persevered. Gradually the 
ordinary plants in the house disappeared to 
be replaced by Orchids; a few were bought 
and some were sent me direct from their 
native home, many of which have been 
divided and redivided until my little cool 
house is full, with the result there is nearly 
always something in flower, including a fair 
variety of species. 

Now when I mention that my business 
demands 65-70 hours a week of my time and 
that I do not employ labour on my Orchids, 
it is quite evident that the fallacy of a lot of 
attention being necessary is at once dispelled. 
Orchids in their natural habitat are not 
attended with the help of mankind, but 
Nature supplies them with atmospheric 
conditions suitable to their requirements. 
Study this and carry it out as near as possible 
in the house. Many invaluable hints may be 
gleaned from the ORCHID WORLD as to 
treatment, etc.; utilise this with a grain of 

thought and success is assured. There are 
times at different seasons when a little extra 


water to the plants and damping down are 
required, also the blinds drawn to restrict the 
burning rays of the sun. This extra attention 
in my case 1s executed by my wife; it only 
means a few minutes and does not in any 
way interfere with domestic duties, for where 
there is a will there is a way. 

Finally, what is more soothing to a business 
man after the toil of the day than to stroll 
into the precincts of his hobby for a quiet 
half-hour and study these—the most beautiful 
and wonderful of all flowers, with their 
curious forms, marvellous and varied colour- 
ing, and in many instances long durability, 
and imbibe their grand yet peaceful influence. 

-Edward Clement, Maidstone. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


CYPRIPEDIUM RUBY QUEEN.—The result 
of crossing Calypso (Boxall x Spicerianum) 
and Beryl (Mrs. Mostyn x Beeckmani). 
Flower richly coloured, partaking of the fine 
dorsal sepal seen in Mrs. Mostyn. Raised by 
Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

CYPRIPEDIUM CAVALIER—An_ excellent 
hybrid between Hera (Boxalliu x Leeanum) 
and Earl of Tankerville. Raised by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons. 

CATTLEYA RAPHAEL.—A very attractive 
autumn flowering hybrid between Hardyana 
and Portia, the round shape of Bowringiana, 
derived through the latter parent, giving the 
flower excellent formation. Raised by Messrs. 
Stuart Low and Co. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA URANUS.—The result 
of crossing L.-C. Geo. Woodhams (Hardyana 
x purpurata) with C. Gaskelliana. The 
flowers show much variation, the dark 
labellum being a good feature. Raised by 
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. 

CYPRIPEDIUM DIXMUDE.—An elegant 
flower with large dorsal sepal prettily spotted 
with rose-purple. Messrs. Sander and Sons 
are the raisers, the parents being Leeanum 
and Thalia. 

CYPRIPEDIUM YPRES.—A pleasing flower 
resulting from the use of Moonbeam and 
Leeanum, Messrs, Sander and Sons being 


So THE ORCHID WORLD. 


the raisers. Of greenish-yellow colour, with 
upper part of dorsal pure white. 


LA@LIO-CATTLEYA +-VULCANUS. — The 
parents of this are Lucasiana (C. labiata x 
L. tenebrosa) and Triane. Raised by Messrs. 
Stuart Low and Co. 


L&LIO-CATTLEYA GENERAL ALLENBY.— 
A pleasing result obtained by crossing 
Lucasiana (C. labiata x L. tenebrosa) with 
Fabia (labiata x aurea). Messrs. Sander and 
Sons being the raisers. 


BRASSO-CATTLEYA AQUILA.—A fine 
addition to the autumn flowering hybrids of 
B. Digbyana. The parents are B.-C. 
heatonensis (B. Digbyana x C. Hardyana) 
and C. labiata. Raised by Messrs. Stuart 
Low and Co. 


LLIO-CATTLEYA PRIMULINA.—This has 
pleasing yellowish flowers of good substance. 
Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons, the 
parents being C. fulvescens (Forbesu x aurea) 
and L.-C. Hon. Mrs. Astor. 


SOPHRO-CATTLEYA ANNETTE.—A pretty 
addition to this section, and resulting from 
S. grandiflora crossed with C. granulosa. The 
neat flower has broad segments of rose-red 
colour, the labellum three-lobed and of 
reddish tint: Exhibited “by Mice riaas 
Goodson, Royal Horticultural 
December 15th, 1914. 


Society, 


CATTLEYA PRETORIA—A richly coloured 
hybrid obtained by crossing C. Peetersii 
(labiata x Hardyana) with C. aurea. The 
labellum is well developed and rendered 
especially attractive by reason of its bright 
purple colour with gold veining. Raised in 
the collection of Mr. Richd. G. Thwaites, 
Streatham. 


CATTLEYA GENERAL PULTENEY.—An 
interesting result obtained by crossing Octave 
Doin (Mendelii x aurea) and Triane, thus 
combining three species which flower respec- 
tively in late winter, early summer, and 
autumn. Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 


LA&LIO-CATTLEYA SIR DouGLas Haic.— 
L.-C. Henry Greenwood and C. Octave 
Doin are the parents of this richly coloured 


[January, 1915. 


flower which has recently been raised by 
Messrs. Sander and Sons. 


CyYPRIPEDIUM GORDON HIGHLANDER.— 
This has been produced by crossing Dread- 
nought with alportense. Raised by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons. 


BRASSO-CATTLEYA IDA—An interesting 
cross between B.-C. Pluto (C. granulosa x B. 
Digbyana) and C. aurea. Exhibited by His 
Grace the Duke of Marlborough, Royal 
Horticultural Society, December Ist, 1914. 
The large flower of greenish-yellow ground 
colour, sepals and petals mottled with rose, 
the broad labellum densely spotted with 
rose-purple. 

BRASSO-L2ZLIA MOONBEAM.—An  inter- 
esting hybrid raised by Mr. F. C. Puddle, 
in the Scampston Hall collection, Rillington, 
York. The parents are L. Dayana and B.-L. 
Jessopi (L. xanthina x B. Digbyana), the 
result being a clear greenish-white flower. 


CATTLEYA CLIO.—The result of crossing 
Armstrongiz with aurea. Raised by Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown, and likely to make a 
useful autumn flowering plant. 


CATTLEYA CRATES.—A primary hybrid 
between Percivaliana and bicolor. Raised by 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. The flower 
is thick and fleshy and of long lasting nature. 


L#&LIO-CATTLEYA RHENUS. — Produced 
by crossing L.-C. Geo. Woodhams and C. 
aurea, and yielding a richly coloured flower. 
Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 


Ca@:LOGYNE VEITCHIL—To David Burke 
is due the credit of discovering this species 
in Western New Guinea when sent there by 
Messrs. Veitch in search of new Orchids. 
The flowers are pure white without any 
markings, and are borne in long pendulous 
racemes. It was first exhibited at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, August 27th, 1895, 
when an Award of Merit was granted. This 
species still remains comparatively rare, and 
on that account its attractive nature is seldom 
seen. When once the plant has become 
established it will produce its flowers regu- 
larly every season, usually during the months , 
of August and September. 


ORCHID WORLD. 


TE: 


January, 1915. | 


Celogyne Veitchit. 


VOL. V. 


! 
Masdevallia Chimera. 


THE 


ORCHID WORLD. [January, 1915. 


EPIDENDRUM WALLISII. 


ITH the possible exception of 

\ \/ Dendrobium, no genus of epiphytic 

Orchids is spread over so vast an 
area as Epidendrum, and although the 
majority of the species are of little more than 
botanical interest there are a few well worthy 
of inclusion among the cultivated representa- 
tives of the family. Epidendrum Wallisu 
is not only very attractive, but it is of 
considerable utility, for strong plants remain 
in flower several months and sometimes 
continue to produce bloom throughout the 
whole of the year. 

The habit of the plant is well shown in the 
accompanying photographic illustration. The 
colour of the flowers is canary or golden- 
yellow, spotted with dark purple; the 
labellum white, streaked and stained with 
purple, and having three raised orange lines 
at the base, of which the middle one is the 
longest; the column short, thick and pale 
yellow. The spotting on the petals is 
variable, in some varieties it is entirely absent. 

This species was introduced by Messrs. 
Veitch in 1874, through their collector Gustav 
Wallis, who at that time communicated no 
locality. It is now known to inhabit the 
Frontino district, on the western Cordillera of 
New Granada, growing in light situations at 
4,000-7,000 feet elevation. 

The year following its introduction 
Reichenbach wrote the following note (Gard. 
Chron. 1875, i, 66): “E. Wallisii forms a 
new section of the Epidendra, with a leafly 
stem (not pseudo-bulbous). When I proposed 
the section Pleuranthium I included the 
Epidendra which have a lateral inflorescence, 
like that of so many Dendrobia, and opposed 
to the general rule, all others having terminal 
ones. Now there are a few species which 
have both terminal and lateral inflorescences. 
I believe the difficulty can only be solved by 
proposing a new section, which I call 
Acropleuranthium. The oldest species is E. 
exasperatum, discovered by Wendland, fils. 
Now comes our neophyte. I do not know 
how tall the plant may become, my dry 
specimen is but a span high. The flowers 


January, 1915. ] 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Epidendrum Wallisii, with both terminal and lateral inflorescences. 


84 THE ORCHID WORLD: 


have a pleasant smell of honey combined with 
musk. Mr. Wallis told me the smell was the 
most powerful in the blotched varieties, which 
is a very interesting observation.” 


Epidendrum Endresii. 
(From the ‘‘Gardeners’ Chronicle.) 


EPIDENDRUM ENDRESII. 


HIS is a small growing species with 
slender stems 6-9 inches high, having 
stiff, ovate-cordate leaves about I inch 

long. It was discovered by Endres while 
collecting for Messrs. Veitch in Costa Rica, 
in 1873, but who failed to send home living 
plants. 

It was re-discovered by F. C. Lehmann, in 
March, 1878, who was only successful in 
sending to Europe one or two live plants, and 
ever since it has been a most difficult plant 
to import. The flowers are of the purest 


[January, 1915. 


white, wax-like in texture, the only colour 
being some prettily arranged violet spots on 
the centre of the lip, and its wings enclosing 
the column, and two raised orange-coloured 
marks on the middle of the lip. 


Epidendrum elegantulum. 


HYBRIDS OF WALLISILT AND ENDRESIIL. 
Wallisii Endresii 
| 


oe aa 
Wallisii Endresio-Wallisii 
| 


| 
Wallisii elegantulum 
| | 


| 


Clarissa. 


January, 1915. ] THE 

When E. Endresio-Wallisii was _ first 
exhibited by Messrs. Veitch, January 12th, 
1892, a First-class Certificate was awarded 
by the Orchid Committee of the Royal 
Horticultural Society, who also gave a similar 
award to the variety superbum shown by the 
same exhibitor, April 21st, 1890. 

E. elegantulum, of which we reproduce a 
photograph, is the result of crossing Wallisi 
and Endresio-Wallisu. It was exhibited by 
Messrs. Veitch, R.H.S., March roth, 1896, and 
awarded a _ First-class Certificate. The 
flowers, which are much larger than those of 
the original hybrid between the two species, 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 85 


the 
being 


show much coloration, 
varieties 
sufficiently distinct to receive Awards of 
Merit. 

E. Clarissa is the result of crossing Wallisii 
with elegantulum, and on that account is a 
hybrid in which one species, E. Wallisu, has 
been used as a parent three times. Like the 
two preceding hybrids, it was raised and 
exhibited by Messrs. Veitch, a First-class 
Certificate being received, April 1oth, 1900, 
and on April oth of the following year an 
Award of Merit was granted to the variety 
superbum. 


diversity of 


luteum and _ leucochilum 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPILLIA. 


crispum 


nobile crispum 


luteopurpureum 


Wilckeanum 


crispum triumphans 


harvengtense 


| 
armainvillierense 


| 
Vuylstekei 


crispum illustre 


| 
| 
Crispillia. 


The first plants of this cross to bloom 
in England (of which I know) were 
raised by the late Mr. J. S. Moss, of 
Wintershill, Bishop's Waltham. Six of 
these are figured in the Orchid Review, 
1913, p. 249, Figs. 41-46, but the parentage 
given as O. illustrissimum x crispum is a 
mistake. Mr. Moss and I made a series of 
crosses in which illustre figured largely, and 
he sent me a copy of the post-card from 
which these figures were made, but with the 
parentage correctly stated, illustre x crispum, 
the latter being a heavily blotched one. He 
did not think it well to name and publish 
the cross till the second season, which, 
unfortunately, he did not live to see. 

I have now bloomed a plant of a similar 
cross from two entirely different parents, with 
the result that its markings are almost 
identical to Fig. 44, except that the white 
margin is narrower, and the white area at 


(Theodora) 


tips of petals is absent, owing to the fact 
that the pollen parent has sepals and petals 
almost entirely covered with lilac-purple. 
The crispum I used was one of the old Pacho 
type, having a suffusion of undeveloped 
blotched areas, showing more on the back 
than in front of the flower. 

With the object of developing the blotches 
by using a “solid,” the result has been 
attained in a lilac-purple ground almost 
entirely covered by a brownish overlay. This 
is interesting from a scientific point of view 
also, as Crispillia could be mistaken for a 
variety of crispum, eximium, or any of that 
now rapidly expanding group of garden 
hybrids. The yellow of luteo and triumphans 
have been eliminated, but their brown 
has remained and made the fine overlay 
mixed with the rose of the crispum and 
nobile. 

de B. Crawshay, Rosefield, Dec. rst, r9r4. 


86 THE ORCHID” WORLD. 


ORCHIDS AT CHELTENHAM. 


O one who is acquainted with the 
Ah groups that the well-known firm of 
Messrs. Cypher and Sons display at 
the Royal Horticultural Society’s meetings, 
a visit to where the plants are grown 1s 
looked forward to with pleasure and great 
expectations. The writer was by no means 
disappointed, for the magnificent collection of 
Cypripediums is of the first water. Not only 
are there choice specimens, but all the useful, 
showy and popular kinds are to be seen in 
their thousands, while numerous houses are 
devoted to Cattleyas, Calanthes, Muiltonias, 
etc. In fact, as Mr. Cypher remarked, “we 
have a bit of everything.” 

Taking the Cypripediums first, the various 
forms of insigne call for special notice. The 
peerless yellow Sandere is well represented, 
there being upwards of 200 flowers, while its 
compeer in the spotted section, viz., Harefield 
Hall, makes a brave show with 150 large, 
well-formed blooms. Other varieties of this 
old but desirable species are Cobbianaum, 
Ernestu, Kathleen Corser, Sanderianum, and 
the peculiar Oddity, which continues to 
produce its malformed flowers year after year. 

A plant for later flowering is Cypher’s 
variety of Charlesianum, which is _ just 
pushing up its scapes. The varieties of 
Leeanum are much in evidence, and embrace 
the beautiful Clinkaberryanum, with its flat 
dorsal sepal, the true Corona, Gratrixie and 
giganteum, several specimens of the latter 
having 16 finely developed spikes. Near by, 
the forms of Actzeus are conspicuous, 
especially Milky Way, Mrs. Page, an exquisite 
flower with a large area of white on the dorsal 
sepal, A. J. Balfour, and Drewitt’s variety. In 
pleasing contrast to these are the Westonbirt 
variety of Niobe, Milo, with its twin-flowered 
scapes, Tityus, superbum, Mad. Jules Hye, 
the bright triumphans and eboraicum. The 
chaste Boltoni is flowering freely, many spikes 
producing two of its pretty flowers. 

Cypripedium Prospero majus is in good 
form, while fulshawense Curtmanni, Eudora, 
Minos Youngi, Standard, Amy Moore, Thalia 
var. Mrs. F. Wellesley, and Sanacdere are a 


[January, 1915. 


few from the 3,500 fully expanded flowers. 
Many buds show that the display will be 
continued for some time to come. A group 
of seedlings flowering for the first time, and 
as yet unnamed, prove most interesting. Many 
will develop into good things, while others 
will prove of more than ordinary merit. A 
few of these crosses are Earl of Tankerville 
x Euryades, Leeanum Clinkaberryanum x 
Cho, nitens magnificum x Aeson giganteum, 
and Niobe x Fairrieanum. 

Calanthes are well grown at Cheltenham. 
There are exceptionally strong spikes of 
Veitchu, Wm. Murray and the beautiful white 
Harrisu. Many of the coloured varieties of 
Lelia anceps are in flower, also a number of 
scapes from the white forms. Other members 
of the genus are Gouldiana, albida and 
autumnalis. Phaio-Cymbidium chardwarense 
is worthy of notice, although no trace of the 
Cymbidium can be seen in the habit of the 
plant. Another interesting plant is Gongora 
speciosa, with its pendulous scape of peculiarly 
shaped flowers, also Catasetum macrocarpum, 
while of the numerous Masdevallias, muscosa, 
Peristeria, and the pure white tovarensis may 
be cited as examples. 

Quite a number of Stanhopeas, Aerides and 
Vandas are cultivated, especially V. teres, 
with its variety gigantea, and the blue V. 
ccerulea. Among the thriving Dendrobiums 
is a good stock of Veitch’s variety of D. 
Thwaitesiez, and D. Dalhousie-nobile is also 
noteworthy. Epidendrum xanthinum is 
making a good display, strong plants of 
Lycaste Skinneri alba, each with several 
flowers, and various Lzlio-Cattleyas, such as 
Charlesworthi and Clive, are to be seen in 
the different houses. 

Ccelogyne intermedia (cristata Lemoniana 
x Massangeana) is represented by several 
robust examples, and C. barbata has been in 
flower for some weeks. In the same division 
the pretty Epiphronitis Veitchi is in the best 
of health, which shows that Mr. Cypher 
thoroughly understands the culture of this 
somewhat refractory subject. The same 
remark applies with equal force to Bonatea 
speciosa, which is pushing up three strong 
spikes ; the plant has been in the nursery for 


January, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD: 87 


upwards of ten years. Another plant of 
interest is Bletia Shepherdu. 

The despised Selenipediums, such as 
Schlimu, cardinale and Dominianum, which 
may be termed almost perpetual bloomers, 
and the quaint Bulbophyllums, of which 
Careyanum pulchellum is in flower, are in the 
best of good health. The bright Sophronitis 
grandiflora and the Odontiodas give a nice 
bit of colour. Several houses are set apart for 
these and other cool-growing Orchids. 
Ornithidium Sophronitis is attractive with its 
bright little flowers, and is now rarely seen 
in cultivation. Numerous other plants can 
be seen, including Trichopilia nobilis, Miltonia 
vexillaria, Oncidium varicosum, etc., many of 
which are grown in large quantities. The 
plants generally are clean and healthy, the 
Cypripediums being in excellent condition, 
while the nursery as a whole is both spick and 
span, and shows that Mr. Cypher is a master 
of detail. TEAW Be 


CYPRIPEDIUM  INSIGNE. 


HE following essay by Mr. Walter E. 
Dadson, Hookfield Gardens, Epsom, 


was written for the recent competition 
arranged by The Journal of Horticulture, 
particulars of which are given on page 05. 
The cultivation of Orchids in these days is 
not only general but much better understood 
than formerly. Great quantities find their 
way to this country each year, the majority 
of the species being easily within the reach 
of the purses of most amateurs who are able 
to maintain a garden. Cypripedium insigne 
is one of the oldest varieties of the Lady’s 
Slipper Orchid cultivated at the present time. 
It is a native of Nepal, Northern India, and 
is one of the easiest to grow, providing a 
warm greenhouse can be requisitioned for its 
culture during the winter and spring. Care 
must be taken not to expose the plants to cold 
currents of air, therefore the wisest plan is 
to keep them in the warmest part of the house. 
If the plants are well grown, with strong 
and healthy foliage, they should be in full 
flower during the month of December. 
During the season of growth the compost 


should be well supplied with water, and not 
until after the flowers have faded should less 
water be given, even then the roots must not 
be allowed to get so dry as to cause shrivelling 
of the leaves. This Cypripedium should 
never be kept dry in the manner necessary 
for some Orchids that require a prolonged 
season of rest. 

The best time to divide and repot the 
plants is immediately after flowering, as they 
may then be shaken out without sustaining 
much check. If left until later they will have 
commenced to grow, and it is then almost 
impossible to disturb them without injury to 
the new growths and roots, both being in a 
very tender condition. Division of the plants 
is best done by carefully unravelling the roots 
and separating the growths into compact 
pieces of suitable size. When repotting it is 
necessary to have ample drainage, and to use 
the peat in a rough state with plenty of fibre 
init. Ifa little chopped sphagnum and small 
lumps of charcoal be included so much the 
better, as this helps to keep it open and 
porous. Some growers like to have loam with 
the peat, and if this is fibry the plants do well 
in it, as it does not become tough and inert. 
Weak liquid manure will greatly benefit the 
plants if given about once a week during the 
growing period. 

During the summer months the plants may 
be placed in cold frames, where some slight 
shading from the direct glare of sunshine can 
be given. A spraying with the syringe 
morning and evening will keep them clean 
and encourage the flowering growths. About 
the middle of September the plants can be 
transferred to a warm greenhouse. C. insigne 
does not require anything like the heat 
needed by many Orchids; it often does well 
in a greenhouse or vinery if not kept too hot 
at the roots. 

When repotting the plants it will be 
noticed that the best roots are quite close to 
the surface, where they like to run just under 
the live sphagnum. They interlace with one 
another forming quite a network, after which 
they push down the sides of the pot, clinging 
so tightly that it 1s difficult to dislodge them 
without injurious results. 


88s THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Cypripediums are always interesting and 
generally beautiful. They belong to the class 
of Orchid known as terrestrial, by which 1s 
meant they grow on the ground, in distinction 
to those termed epiphytal, which usually 
grow on trees. When potting terrestrial 
Orchids the compost should not be raised 
above the rim of the pot. Cypripediums have 
no pseudo-bulbs, hence they are without a 
large store of food to keep them alive when 
watering is neglected; they will not succeed 
if allowed to remain dry for any length of 
time. 

This species is liable to insect attacks, of 
which the minute yellow thrip is the worst ; 
it may be destroyed by dipping or washing 
with some suitable insecticide or fumigation. 
Scale and bug should be carefully removed 
by a brush or sponge and then destroyed. 


ONCIDIUM SPLENDIDUM. 


HIS is one of the most useful mid- 
ie winter flowering species, its stiff and 
erect spikes of bloom lasting fresh for 
a period of about two months, while the 
bright yellow colour of the expansive 
labellum causes it to be of immense decorative 
value. The flowers closely resemble the 
better known On. tigrinum, but there is a 
very marked difference in the habit of the 
bulbs and their leathery leaves, as well as 
in the time of year when the flowers are 
produced. The following interesting account 
of the species is taken from Messrs. Sander 
and Sons’ Rezchenbachia. 

The first record of this fine Oncidium 
appears to be in Richard’s herbarium, where 
there is a dried specimen, presumably 
collected in Guatemala by Mons. Herment in 
1852. It was not, however, until ten years 
later that it found its way into cultivation, 
as it flowered for the first time in Europe in 
January, 1862, with M.M. Thibaut and 
Keteleer, of Paris, who received plants from 
Mons. Herment, of Caen. These were 
distributed among a few Continental 
collections, and although their fame had 


[January, 1915. 


reached England there was not a plant in 
the country until about eight or nine years 
after its introduction. Lord Londesborough, 
an enthusiastic lover of horticulture in his 
time, was among the first to possess a 
specimen of it. This flowered and was 
exhibited at a meeting of the Royal 
Horticultural Society in February, 1871, when 
its masses of large, handsome flowers caused 
a great sensation, and, needless to say, the 
plant obtained a First-class Certificate. 

Within recent years various firms have 
been stimulated to import this species, and 
collectors have been despatched to various 
localities of Tropical America in the hopes 
of finding it. An erroneous impression 
prevailed that it was a native of Mexico, and 
our own collectors were sent to that country, 
but after a fruitless search of some months 
they informed us that it was nowhere to be 
found. Then we directed them to go to 
Guatemala, and after a little time they found 
what they sought and sent it home, but not 
in great quantities until more recently, when 
they obtained a better knowledge of its 
habitats. 

Notwithstanding these importations, how- 
ever, it can hardly be said that this species 
is so frequently met with as it ought to be. 
Perhaps this is because many consider they 
are near enough to it when they have On. 
tigrinum, a Mexican species, which is certainly 
related, but which is inferior to splendidum. 
Their habit of growth is quite distinct, and 
the flowers, although resembling each other 
at a casual glance, are very different in form. 
In Oncidium tigrinum the sepals and petals 
are spreading, and the lip is characterised by 
its long shank, with two auricles at the base 
and deeply emarginate blade; while in 
splendidum the sepals and petals are always 
recurved, and the lip is, comparatively, only 
shghtly emarginate, and does not possess a 
narrow shank. 

There are other differences in the crest and 
column sufficiently distinct to keep these two 
plants apart as separate species, and On. 
splendidum is exclusively a native of 
Guatemala, while On. tigrinum has as yet only 
been found in Mexico. The former is 


January, 1915, | JHE ORCHID WORLD. 89 


\| y) en) 

y Bd) W))) WV 
Wy) WY UU) my 

LUM Np We 


Oncidium splendidum. 


Qo THE. ORCHID WORLD: 


characterised by its roundish, compressed 
pseudo-bulbs, each bearing a single dull 
green leaf about a foot or more long, very 
leathery and thick in texture, channelled 
above and prominently keeled beneath. As 
a rule, from fifteen to twenty flowers are 
borne on a long, more or less branched, 
arching scape during the winter months, a 
season when their appearance is very 
acceptable. We once had an imported plant 
in our nursery having an arching spike of 
4% feet long, bearing as many as forty- 
four flowers, the lips of which were each 
quite two inches across and of a deep golden- 
yellow, with a reddish-brown blotch on each 
side at the base. The reflexed and wavy 
sepals and petals are greenish-yellow, heavily 
marked with large transverse blotches of rich 
purple-brown, thus presenting a remarkable 
contrast to the striking colour of the lip. 

The successful cultivation of On. splen- 
didum is a little troublesome to some 
amateurs, who find that when the pseudo- 
bulbs have made about half their growth 
they suddenly begin to lose their plumpness, 
become watery, and at leagth rotten. We 
have come to the conclusion that these plants 
do not require such a large quantity of water 
during the growing season as is generally 
prescribed for them. When it is considered 
that the pseudo-bulbs and leaves are very 
thick and fleshy, and constantly contain 
abundance of moisture, it stands to reason 
that if too much water be given, the tissues 
become gorged and cannot perform their 
natural functions, with the result that the 
water becomes decomposed and the pseudo- 
bulbs prematurely decay. This evil might, 
however, be avoided by means of a dry 
atmosphere, as evaporation could then go on ; 
but this process is rendered impossible in an 
atmosphere already heavily laden with 
moisture. We therefore recommend for this 
species a tolerably warm and dry atmosphere, 
as much light as possible, and a moderate 
supply of water during the growing season. 
When this is at an end a cooler temperature 
will help to mature the growths, which if well 
developed ought to produce a crop of flowers 
presenting an aspect difficult to surpass. 


[January, 1915. 
AERIDES. 


HE elegant drooping racemes of 
a fragrant, wax-like flowers, and the 
comparative facility with which the 
species can be cultivated in the glass-houses 
of Europe, have always secured for Aérides a 
large amount of favour from Orchid 
amateurs, so that in most collections the 
genus is represented by its most admired 
species. From a botanical point of view, 
however, it must be admitted that a more 
perplexing genus as regards the limitation 
of species 1s scarcely to be found throughout 
the Orchidee, for it includes an unknown 
number of “forms,” some of them perhaps 
natural hybrids, which in many instances 
approach each other so closely that it is 
extremely difficult to define clearly the 
differences that separate them, or to determine 
the specific characters by which the one may 
be distinguished from the other, if species 
they are, but nevertheless showing some 
characteristic in habit, in the inflorescence, 
or in the colour of the flowers, by which they 
are recognised as distinct by horticulturists. 
Many of these “forms” fall naturally into 
groups, each of which is represented by a 
well-recognised species that may be regarded 
as the type of the group; Aérides odoratum, 
A. multiflorum and A. falcatum are instances 
of such; around each of these well-marked 
species may be grouped a number of forms 
that can only be distinguished from the 
type by characters of scarcely sufficient value 
to be considered specific. 

The essential characters of Aérides may be 
thus expressed :— 

The sepals are spreading, the lateral two 
broader than the upper one, and adnate at 
their base to the foot of the column. 

The petals are similar to the upper sepal, 
rarely different. 

The labellum is affixed to the foot of the 
column, is three-lobed, and produced into a 
spur that is usually turned upwards on the 
back of the labellum. 

The column is short and thickish, produced 
more or less at its base into a foot; the 
anther is beaked, 


January, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. gi 


In a wild state the Aérides affix themselves 
to the trunks and branches of living trees, 
rarely to dead and prostrate ones. The 
young plants are usually erect or ascending, 
and emit from their base numerous cord-like 
roots that creep over the bark or along the 
cracks and crevices of it, clinging to the tree 
with extraordinary tenacity, and holding the 
plants so firmly as to enable them to resist 
any of the ordinary forces of Nature that 
would affect their stability or cause their 
displacement. As the stems continue | to 
lengthen, adventitious roots are constantly 
produced from the preceding year’s growth, 
which attain a great length, frequently 
branch, and become pendent by their own 
weight. These roots thence form in time a 
tangled, cord-like mass that cannot be aptly 
compared with any phase of vegetation seen 
in our climate. The annual lengthening of 
the stem is well marked by the foliage, which 
in a wild state is of biennial duration; the 
roots too that are farthest removed from the 
foliage gradually cease to perform their 
functions and die off. The inflorescence is 
produced from the axils of the leaves of the 
preceding year, which begin to wither in the 
short, dry season that ensues after the growth 
of the current year is completed. As the 
stem of an Aérides lengthens by successive 
yearly growths it gradually deviates from its 
ascending position, first becoming more 
inclined, then taking a horizontal direction, 
and finally by its own weight and the weight 
of its appendages it is brought into almost an 
inverted or, if near enough to the ground, a 
prostrate position, when its further lengthen- 
ing is checked or even arrested by the 
obstacles it encounters. Nevertheless, the 
stems of Aérides are virtually interminate, 
they would continue to lengthen indefinitely 
if no physical obstacles or checks intervened. 
Stems have been observed from 15-20 feet 
long, but long before that length has been 
attained young shoots spring from the base 
of the parent stem, which in time become 
independent plants; the stem also produces 
lateral shoots when a fracture has occurred, 
or when growth at the apex has been arrested 
by some physical cause. As the leaves wither 


the stem becomes lignified, sapless, and 
gradually loses all signs of life beyond a 
certain distance below the foliage ; probably 
the life of no part of the stem under the 
most favourable circumstances exceeds five 
years. 

Such is the general view of the most 
obvious period of the life history of an 
Aérides inits nativehome. Many exceptional 
cases are doubtless to be met with, but in 
none that have come to our knowledge has 
the general law been greatly departed from. 
Under the artificial conditions to which the 
Aérides are subjected in the glass houses of 
Europe, some modifications of the general 
law of their growth as sketched above are 
occasionally observable, especially in the 
longer persistence of the 
prolonged life of the stem. 

The species of Aérides admit of a division 
into two very distinct sections according to 
their vegetation and habit, viz., Planifolie, 
in which the leaves are flat, leathery, and 
spreading, and Teretifolia, in which the leaves 
are cylindric, fleshy, and grooved in front. 
Of the last-named section two species only, 
Aérides’' mitratum and A. Vandarum, are 
known to us to be in cultivation. All the 
other cultivated forms belong to the flat- 
leaved section, throughout which a general 
uniformity of habit prevails, so that the 
following short diagnosis of the vegetative 
organs will serve for all :— 

The stems are cylindric, deviating but little 
in thickness from that of a man’s little finger, 
ligneous below, leafy upwards, emitting long, 
cord-like, often branched, aerial roots. 

The leaves are strap-shaped, keeled 
beneath, embracing the stem at their base, 
obtuse or obliquely two-lobed at their apex, 
very leathery in texture. 

The inflorescence is lateral, either simple 
or branched, decurved and usually longer than 
the leaves ; very viscid in the odoratum group 
from a honeyed secretion along the rachis 
and from the base and foot of the column. 

The flowers are often crowded and inverted, 
that is, the labellum is uppermost, but owing 
to the pendulous habit of the inflorescence the 
flowers appear to the spectator in their 


foliage and 


92 THE ORCHID WORED: 


[January, 1915. 


Aerides virens. 


natural position. The pedicels are sheathed 
by a small scale-like bract at the base. 

The genus was founded by the Portuguese 
missionary and_ botanist, Loureiro, upon 
Aérides odoratum, which he detected in 
Cochin China some time prior to 1790, the 
year in which he published his flora 
cochinchinensis. The name Aérides is a 
erammatical form called a patronymic, and 
means literally “children of the air.” 

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. — The 
Aérides are spread generally over the Indo- 
Malayan region, excluding the arid tracts in 
the north-west of Hindostan and the dry 
central plateau of the Deccan, where the 
climatic conditions are unsuitable for Orchid 
life. 


CULTURAL NOTE.—The Aérides should be 
cultivated in what is usually called the “ East 
Indian house,” where they may be associated 
with other orchids from the Indo-Malayan 
region. Although the mean temperature of 
that region is one of the highest observed in 
the world, it is found by experiment that 
most orchids brought thence to the high 
latitude of Great Britain thrive better in the 
glass-houses of this country in an average 
lower temperature than in a_ temperature 
raised by artificial heat to nearly the same 
mean as that of their native home. Thus, 
while the mean temperature for the whole 
year of parts of India and Malaysia, in which 
Aérides abound, is as high as 27 degs. C. 
(80 degs. F.), the temperature suited for them 


January, 1915. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 93 


in the glass-houses of Great Britain should 
not be higher than 21 degs. to 24 degs. C. 
(7o degs. to 75 degs. F.) from March to 
October, the period during which the plants 
are in active growth, raised by sun-heat on 
bright days 6 degs. C. (10 degs. F.) higher, 
and reduced 3 degs. C. (5 degs. F.) by night, 
that is to say, to 18 degs. to 21 degs. C. 
(65 degs. to 70 degs. F.). In the winter 
months a night temperature of 15 degs. to 18 
degs. C. (Go degs. to 65 degs. F.), raised a 
litthe higher in the daytime, is sufficient. It 
is well known among cultivators that a 
high temperature maintained by fire-heat 
debilitates, while sun-heat strengthens the 
plants, hence a light shading only is necessary 
during the middle of the day in the summer 
months, while from October to March no 
shading is required. 

The ventilation must be regulated accord- 
ing ‘to the season; the rule is—admuit as 
much fresh air into the house as possible, 
and as often as it can be done without 
draughts and too rapid a lowering of the 
temperature of the house. A high degree of 
humidity must be maintained during the 
growing season by damping down and by the 
_ direct application of water to the plants. In 
winter the watering must be restricted to just 
so much as is sufficient to keep the sphagnum 
moist and to counteract the drying effects of 
the hot-water pipes. Pots are usually 
preferred, although teak baskets are used by 
some cultivators, especially when it is desired 
to grow the plants into large specimens; in 
either case they should be filled with clean, 
broken crocks to three-fourths of their depth, 
the larger and coarser pieces being placed at 
the bottom. Some cultivators add pieces of 
charcoal, but we have never detected any 
advantage derived from its use. The 
drainage should be surfaced with living 
sphagnum that must be kept constantly 
moist. In January, or February at the 
latest, the old sphagnum should be removed 
and replaced by new, and those plants whose 
lowermost leaves have withered should be 
taken out of the pots and their stems cut back 
at the base so far as to allow the fresh leaves 
to be close to the sphagnum. 


Thrips and scale are great enemies of 
Aérides; the first can be kept in check by 
fumigation and the use of tobacco powder, 
the latter by sponging with soft soap 
dissolved in tepid water. 

Aérides virens was introduced in 1843 by 
Messrs. Loddiges from Java, where it:is one 
of the commonest of orchids. Around 
Batavia it has established itself on the 
Tamarind trees that were planted by the early 
Dutch settlers to shade the roads. 
the short dry season these trees lose some of 
their foliage, the Aérides are then partially 
exposed to direct sunlight, but during the 
remainder of the year they are in shade. 

Compared with Aérides odoratum, of which 
A. virens is scarcely other than a geographical 
form—the leaves are generally (not always) 


During 


a little longer and narrower, more distant and 
more decurved ; the racemes are longer with 
the flowers more distantly placed along the 
rachis; the flowers are a little larger with 
larger and brighter purple spots.—From 
Veitch’s Manual of Orchidaceous Plants. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
December ist, 1914. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr. 
Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah 
Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. 
Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, W. H. White, J. 
Wilson Potter, F. J. Hanbury, R. G. Thwaites, 
R. A. Rolfe, W. Cobb, F. M. Ogilvie, J. 
Charlesworth, C. H. Curtis, W. P. Bound, A. 
Dyer) Pesala. W. Flory, and R. 


Brooman-White. 


AWARD OF MERIT. 

Brasso-Cattleya Admiral Jellicoe var. Pink 
Pearl (C. Lord Rothschild x B.-C. Digbyano- 
Mossiz), from Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., 
Jarvisbrook, attractive 
flower, of excellent shape, the broad segments 
of pale lilac-pink, the disc of the labellum 
primrose-yellow. 


Sussex._-A very 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 
His Grace the Duke of Marlborough, 
Blenheim Palace, sent Brasso-Cattleya Ida 


94 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


(B.-C. Pluto x C. aurea)—A very distinct 
flower with greenish-yellow ground mottled 
with rose; the large labellum spotted and 
veined with rose-purple. 

J. Gurney Fowier, Esq., Brackenhurst, 
Pembury, showed Cattleya Venus Bracken- 
hurst variety, a coppery-yellow flower with 
ruby lip; C. Ballantineana (Triane x Warsce- 
wiczii); C. Alcimeda (labiata Purity x 
Gaskelliana alba), a large clear white flower ; 
and Lelio-Cattleya Ilione, with two spikes of 
seven rich purple flowers. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for a group of good hybrids, including Odon- 
tioda Brewn, Cochlioda miniata, Oncidioda 
Cooksonia, Lzelio-Cattleya Bella with a spike 
of 5 flowers, and the handsome Dendrobium 
Coelogyne. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
secured a Silver Flora Medal for an inter- 
esting group, containing the new Cattleya 
General Pulteney (Octave Doin x Triane), 
Leeho-Cattleya primulina, L.-C. General 
Allenby (L.-C. Lucasiana x C. Fabia), of good 
shape and colour, and Cypripedium Ypres 
(Moonbeam x Leeanum). 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
Sussex, received a Silver Banksian Medal for 
an exhibit containing Vanda ccerulea, a strong 
plant of V. Sanderiana, many good forms of 
Dendrobium Phalenopsis including the pure 
white variety, Sophro-Cattleya Doris and 
S=C€-h. Lycia: 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
neat exhibit, in which were the new Sophro- 
Cattleya Pearl, of rich colour; L.-C. Autodoin, 
a strong grower; dark varieties of Cattleya 
Fabia; and Odontiodas Diana and Charles- 
worthi. 

Messrs. E. H. Davidson and Co., Twyford, 
showed Cattleya O’Brieniana alba with a 
spike of 6 large flowers, a good form of 
Odontoglossum eximium xanthotes, and a 
very fine Odontoglossum hybrid of the 
amabile section. 

Hassall and Co. Southgate, 
exhibited Cattleya Moira rubra (Mantinii x 
Fabia), of rich colour; C. Beatrice majestica 


Messrs. 


| January, 1915. 


(Minucia x aurea); and the first plant to 
flower of a batch of C. aurea, raised from 
seed at Southgate. Good Cypripediums were 
also shown. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged 
Cypripedium Thalia Veitch’s variety, C. 
Germaine Opoix, and C. Idina, the latter 
an improved Harefield Hall, with darker 
spotting on a whiter ground. 

Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, staged a 
strong plant of Anguloa Ruckeri, Vanda 
coerulea, and a good variety of Odonto- 
glossum crispum with a spike of 20 flowers. 


December 15th, 1914. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Gn the chair), Mr. 
Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, R. A. 
Rolfe, .. J. ‘Ws, Potter, oF2 ji. -Hanbury eae 
McBean, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, 
W. H.., Hatcher W22P.. Bound) oe Esl 
C. He Gurtis, A Dyes WW; eWiite,, Sauwe 
Flory, and Stuart Low. 


AWARD OF MERIT. 


Leho-Cattleya Sir Douglas Haig (L.-C. 
Henry Greenwood x C. Octave Doin), from 
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans.—A very 
beautiful hybrid, resembling Octave Doin 
(Mendel x aurea). The broad sepals and 
petals are white and prettily formed, the 
labellum well developed, the front lobe and 
upper part of the side lobes bright purple. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION. 


Mr. J. E. Shill (gr. to Baron Bruno 
Schroder) for a fine plant of Odontoglossum 
crispum Leonard Perfect, with two strong 
spikes bearing 14 and 15 flowers. 

OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for a good group, in which were Lelio- 
Cattleya Numidia (Golden Oriole x Empress 
Frederick), with yellow flowers; L.-C. Bella 
alba, with a spike of 6 large blooms ; the rare 
Ceelogyne Gardneriana, with a drooping 
raceme of white flowers; Multonias Bleuana 
and St. André; and various Odontoglossum 
hybrids. 


January, 1915. | THE ORCHID: WORLD: 95 


Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
Silver Flora Medal for an 
interesting exhibit containing Saccolabium 
plants of 
Lelia Gouldiana, Cypripedium West Poit 
Beauty, Lycaste Youngu, L. mesochlaena, 
Cattleya many choice 
Cypripediums. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
were awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an 
excellent exhibit of Cypripediums, the best 
being Boltoni, Priam, Minos Veitchn, Queen 
Alexandra and Acteus Keeling’s variety. 


received a 


acutifolium, several specimen 


Fabia alba, and 


Several good Masdevallias were also shown, 
and a strong plant of Coelogyne barbata. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
Sussex, obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for 
an interesting exhibit, in which were Vanda 
Sanderiana and V. ccerulea, various white 
forms of Cattleya labiata, Brasso-Cattleyas 
in variety, and Cypripedium Tracyanum 
(Leeanum virginale x aureum virginale), a 
large flower with the broad dorsal sepal 
white and spotted at its base. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Brackenhurst, 
Pembury, exhibited a flower of Lelio- 
Cattleya Antimachus (Warscewiczi x 
Dominiana), with rich coloration, especially 
the labellum ; also Odontoglossum Lambeau- 
lanum (crispum roseum x Rolfea roseum), a 
very promising variety with broad segments 
and a rose ground. 

R. Windsor Rickards, Esq., Usk Priory, 
Monmouthshire, exhibited Odontoglossum 
Albion (Rossi x _ percultum), a _ pretty 
flower with blush-white segments, the sepals 
and petals evenly spotted with reddish- 
purple, the crest bright yellow. Also Cypri- 
pedium Priory Beauty (aureum x Antinous), a 
large, clear yellow flower; C. nito-Cynthia 
(nitens x Cynthia), a bold flower, the white 
dorsal having large blackish spots; and C. 
Susanne var. Usk Priory (glaucophyllum x 
Fairrieanum), a distinct and pretty flower 
with drooping petals. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
exhibited Odontioda Brunette (Oda. Bohn- 
hofiz x Odm. Harryanum), with rich chocolate- 
purple flowers. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney, 


Lambeauianum 
Goodson’s var. with a spike of 11 flowers, 
and Sophro-Cattleya Annette (S. grandiflora 
x C. granulosa), a neat flower of rose-red 
colour. 

RG. dinwartes, Esq. Chessington, 
Streatham, showed Cattleya Pretoria (Peetersii 
x aurea), a promising seedling; Cattleya 
Maggie Raphael alba, C. Dusseldorfei 
Undine, and Sophro-Cattleya Ruby. 

Walter Cobb, Esq., Normanhurst, Rusper, 
Horsham, showed Odontoglossum percultum 
Cobb’s variety, a handsome flower. 

Baron Bruno Schroder exhibited Cypri- 
pedium Moonbeam with 3 large flowers. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
showed Sophro-Cattleya Pearl (S.-C. Doris x 
C. Portia), a brightly coloured form. 

A. J. Warren, Esq., The Cedars, Epsom, 
sent a flower of Lzelio-Cattleya Clive 
(preestans x aurea). 

Wiliam Bolton, Esq., Warrington, sent a 
selection of flowers of seedlings from his 
Cypripedium Boltoni, all of which had pure 
white lips. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, exhibited 
Leho-Cattleya Barbarossa, a dark variety ; 
Odontoglossum crispum, a fine shaped form ; 
Stanhopea Wardu oculata, with a_ spike 
of 7 flowers; and the rare Cirrhopetalum 
brunescens. 

J. T. Bennett-Poé, Esq., exhibited Brasso- 
Cattleya Mme. Ch. Maron, a pleasing variety 
with a spike of 3 flowers. This plant had 
been previously shown as_ recently as 
April 7th, 1914, when it carried 2 large 
flowers. 


exhibited Odontoglossum 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY. 


November igth, 1g14. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. Cypher, A. G. 
Ellwood, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, J.” Howes, 
A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, 
Gi Parkers WoeShackleton, H.-Thorp,.Z. A: 
Ward, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur 
(Secretary). 


96 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Eisq3). Newchurchs= Golly) ji 
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn; and Messrs. 
Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, for excellent 
groups of yarious Orchids. 

A Silver Medal was awarded to Wm. 
Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, for a 
Other exhibitors included 
P. Smith, Esq., who staged Cypripedium 
Memnon “Hadon House var.”; Messrs. 
Sander and Sons, St. Albans; Messrs. J. 
and A. McBean, Cooksbridge; Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co. Haywards Heath; 
Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford ; 


and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford. 


sood group. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum crispum hololeucum, a large 
round flower, with distinct yellow blotch on 
lip. Od. Hermese, a large well-set flower, 
petals almost solid madder-crimson, with 
sepals of a-browner shade. Both from Wm. 
Thompson, Esq. 

Odontoglossum crispum Mrs. J. Helm 
(Rossendale x Empress of India), large flower 
with heavy blotches of a crimson-madder 
colour. Cattleya Alcimeda var Antiochus 
(Gaskelliana alba x labiata alba), fine flower, 
broad segments, with distinct yellow lines in 
Both from R. Ashworth, Esq. 
(Harryanum x 
eximium), large flower, sepals and_ petals 


throat. 
Odontoglossum Zulu 


solid crimson-madder, with purple lined tips 
From ZA5 


and white edges, good flat lip. 


Ward, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium Actzus “ Ethel,” Cyp. Royal 
George, and Cattleya Venus “ Mary Amelia.” 
All from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Cattleya labiata Andromache and Sophro- 
Cattleya Pearl. Both from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Eileen (Euryades x Beek- 
manu). From Wm. Thompson, Esq. 

Cypripedium Selene (Triumphans x Gode- 
froye). From H. J. Bromilow, Esq. 

Cypripedium Reginald Young var. Calhope. 
From Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, 


[January, 1915. 


December 3rd, 1914. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (an the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. J. Bolton, J. Cypher, 
J. Evans, A. Hanmer, J. Howes, A. J. Keeling, 
D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, C. Parker, W. 
Shackleton, P. Smith, Z. A. Ward, G. 
Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Large Silver Medals were granted to R. 
Ashworth, Esq. Newchurch; Z. A. Ward, 
Esq., Northenden; and Messrs. Cypher and 
Sons, Cheltenham. 

Silver Medals were awarded to Wm. 
Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange; Col. J. 
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn; H. H. Bolton, 
E’sq., Newchurch; Messrs. Sander and Sons, 
St. Albans; and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and 
Sons, Bradford. 

A Special Vote of Thanks was given to 
O. O. Wrigley, Esq., for a group of well- 
grown plants of Vanda ccerulea. Other 
exhibitors included P. Smith, Esq., Ashton- 
on-Mersey ; H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rann Lea ; 
and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Cattleya Chapmanu var. Lady Joffre 
(Trianze alba x Hardyana alba), flowers of 
good shape and substance, pure white sepals 
and petals, with distinct markings on lip. 
From Messrs. Cypher and Sons. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum Medusz, Cypripedium King 
Albert, and Cypripedium Eve “Walton 
Grange var.” From Wm. Thompson, Esq. 

Cypripedium Melas and Cattleya Acis 
(Maronii x aurea). From R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Sanacdere var. Ethel and 
Cypripedium Queen of the Belgians. From 
Messrs. Cypher and Sons. 

Cypripedium Duke of Connaught “ Ward's 
var: From Z. A. Ward, se: 

Cypripedium Mars. From H. J. Bromilow, 


I’sq. 
CULTURAL CEREIRICAIEE 


Mr. E. Rogers, gardener to O. O. Wrigley, 
Esq., for Vanda ccerulea. 


NOES 


BESS 


4 


ORCHID WORLD. 


FEBRUARY 


1915 


NOLES. 


ORCHIDS FOR AMATEURS.—Considering 
the interest that has recently been taken in 
extending the popularity and cultivation of 
Orchids, it is worthy of. note that Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge Wells, 
while always aiming at the production of the 
highest class of Orchid, have flowering yearly 
hundreds of hybrids that are inexpensive and 
suitable for the young amateur and those just 
commencing this fascinating hobby, and that 
they are making a special line in catering for 
such. 


AS 


we 
KS 


y VAN ¥ 
¥ &y Gy 


EFFECT OF LIGHT ON SEEDLING ORCHIDS. 
—At the Scientific Meeting of the Royal 
Horticultural Society, January 5th, Mr. J. 
Gurney Fowler exhibited a number of hybrid 
Cattleyas to draw attention to the short, stout 
and sturdy new pseudo-bulbs formed since 
the plants have been removed to Pembury, 
Kent, and away from the somewhat unsatis- 
factory atmosphere of their old abode at 
South Woodford. Sir Everard im Thurn 
remarked that they reminded him of similar 
examples he had seen in Cattleya superba 
growing wild on the outer branches of trees 
subjected to much light. Mr. Fowler also 
exhibited a hybrid between L.-C. Geo. 
Woodhams and C. Bowringiana, in which the 
flower-bud situated at the apex of the bulb 
had transformed itself into a. young growth 
bearing several leaves; and a strong plant of 
Cattleya Lugez, which had made two 
successive bulbs during last season, both of 
which flowered simultaneously, although the 
buds on the last made bulb opened three days 
earlier. 


VOL. V. 


JULES HYE DE CROM.—We much regret 
to announce the unexpected death of this 
well-known Belgian amateur Orchidist, which 
took place on Wednesday, January Oth. 
Mons. Jules Hye de Crom resided in Ghent, 
where he carried on a very large business as 
a wine merchant, and held immense stocks. 
On the occupation of Ghent by the Germans 
he took refuge in Holland with a friend, 
leaving his valuable business and an extensive 
Orchid collection to the mercy of the enemy. 
His gardener, Coen, after considerable 
difficulty, secured a few of the choicest 
Orchids, among them being Cattleya Warsce- 
wiczii alba, and brought them to England, 
where they have since been cared for by 
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., at Jarvisbrook. 
Mons. Jules Hye was an_ enthusiastic 
Orchidist, and gave considerable assistance 
and encouragement to other Belgian 
amateurs. His early interest was in Cypri- 
pediums, and in 1894 he brought out Cyp. 
aureum (nitens x Spicerianum), a hybrid which 
at once attracted no small amount of interest. 
Nearly every distinct variety from this 
original cross received a different name, no 
less than forty being recorded within a period 
of ten years. His collection of Odonto- 
glossums and Odontiodas was both varied 
and valuable. Of late years Miltonia 
vexillaria and its hybrids received his close 
attention, and many beautiful varieties have 
been exhibited by him at the principal 
horticultural meetings. A speciality of his 
collection was a large batch of the elegant 
white Cattleya Suzanne Hye de Crom, raised 
by him between Gaskelliana alba and Mossize 
alba, and first flowered in 1906. As an 


= 
1o) 


98 THE ORCHID WORLD: 


exhibitor at the Royal Horticultural Society 
he was well known, a notable instance being 
at the Temple Show of 1900, when he received 
a First-class Certificate for Odontoglossum 
Souvenir de Victor Hye de Crom (Harryanum 
x luteopurpureum), a name which has more 
than once been the subject of a discussion on 
nomenclature. 


[February, 1915. 


THE “ORCHID REVIEW.’—The January 
issue of this monthly journal contains an 
article on Grammatophyllum speciosum and 
its allies, an interesting account of Orchids in 
South Mexico, as well as illustrations of 
Dendrobium Tofftii and Chondrorhyncha 
Lipscombiz, both rare plants of considerable 
beauty. 


Epidendrum xanthinum. 


EPIDENDRUM XANTHINUM.—Those 
amateurs who desire a bright orange-yellow 
cluster of flowers cannot do better than 
cultivate this Brazilian species, which appears 
to require but ordinary care, and often does 
well when planted in corridors and used as 
a decorative plant. It was discovered by 
Martius, and afterwards by Gardner on the 
Serro de Frio, in the Brazilian province of 
Minas Geraes, and was first introduced by 
Leddiges, about the same time as Epidendrum 
inversum. The slender terete stems grow to 
a height of about 3 feet, bear distichous 
fleshy leaves, and produce during the winter 
months a cluster of bright orange-yellow 
flowers, the lips of which are prettily fringed. 


AERIDES CITRATUM—“To my _ mind,” 
writes a well-known amateur, “this Orchid is 
one of the most graceful and prettiest that I 
have ever come across, and its neat habit 
allows it to be placed in almost any position 
where it can show itself off to the finest 
advantage. It appears to differ from other 
members of its genus by the particularly free 
manner in which it produces its many- 
flowered spikes. I have also been considerably 
interested in the formation of a few drops of 
honey-like substance in the spur of each 
flower; no doubt in its native country this 
secretion serves as an attraction to insects.” 
An illustration of this species will be found in 
the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IV., p. 153. 


February, 1915. ] THE ORCHID: WORLD. 99 


Odontioda Latona, Fowler's var. (R.H.S. Journal.) 


ODONTIODA LATONA, FOWLER'S VAR.— 
This beautiful hybrid, the result of crossing 
Odontioda Bradshawize with Odontoglossum 
crispo-Harryanum, has recently flowered in 
fine form in the noted collection of Mr. J. 
Gurney Fowler, Brackenhurst, Pembury. The 
ground colour is white, the sepals and petals 
having a broad margin of bright rose, the 
middle area blotched with dark red, while the 
neatly marked labellum carries a prominent 
yellow crest, thus producing an extremely 
handsome flower. When the seedlings of this 
cross commenced to flower much disappoint- 
ment was caused by their unsatisfactory 
nature, almost all the blooms being of starry 
shape and poorly coloured, but, as it often 
happens, amongst the last of the batch to 


flower appeared this beautiful result, which 
fully compensated the raiser for all his work 
and trouble. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM SHUTTLE- 
WORTHII—Many natural hybrids were at one 
time regarded as varieties of O. crispum, these 
including Andersonianum, Ruckerianum, 
excellens and Wilckeanum. A water-colour 
painting of O. crispum Shuttleworthu, which 
has just been brought to light, proves that 
this plant was in reality a heavily blotched 
Wilckeanum, and not a variety of O. crispum, 
as it was thought to be when it received a 
First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural 
Society, April 8th, 1884. 


100 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[February, 1915. 


Odontoglossum crispum Constance. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM CONSTANCE. 
—Considering the immense number of plants 
of Odontoglossum crispum that have been 
imported during the last thirty years, and the 
Jarge number still to be obtained, there is 
good evidence that this species perpetuates 
itself by means of seed very freely in its 
native home. But when carefully saved seed 
is sown under the artificial conditions of 
cultivation adopted in this and other countries 
the result is very disappointing, for despite 
every attention only an exceedingly smail 
proportion germinates with anything like 
satisfactory results. Exactly why this is the 
case has never .been discovered, notwith- 
standing the fact that seed of hybrid Odonto- 
glossums, when sown under similar conditions, 
yields fairly good and encouraging results. 
However, with close attention success is 


sometimes attained. Our illustration shows a 
splendid variety, with large segments hand- 
somely blotched with rose-purple and bearing 
the varietal name Constance; it was raised 
by Messrs. J. and A. McBean, of Cooksbridge, 
who used as parents two equally fine varieties. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CERVANTESII DECORUM. 
—-This is undoubtedly the finest variety of 
the species, the flowers measuring nearly 
3 inches across, the sepals and petals slightly 
tinged with rose and marked with concentric 
lines of reddish-brown; the lip is large and | 
blotched with crimson. It has now become 
exceedingly scarce, and it would be a pity if 
the few remaining plants were allowed to die. 


February, 1915. ] DHE “ORCHID” WORLD. 101 


A view in the Orchid collection of E. H. Andriesse, Esq., Soember Telogo, Dampit, Java. 


ORCHID CULTURE IN JAVA.—The above 
illustration is reproduced from one of several 
interesting photographs kindly sent by Mr. 
E. H. Andriesse, Soember Telogo, Dampit, 
Java. The plants were photographed in 
September last, when those in bloom included 
Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, with 15 large 
spikes, D. Pierardi, D. Farmeri, D. Dalhousie- 
anum, D. nobile, D. primulinum and D. 
veratrifolium. Phalenopses included Stuart- 
1ana and Schilleriana, while the genus Thunia 
was represented by TI’. Marshalliana. Cattleya 
species embraced Schrédere and _ labiata, 
rarely seen in flower together, and hybrids 
were represented by C. amabilis, C. Empress 
Frederick,» C. Enid, and Brasso-Cattleya 
Digbyano-Mendeli. Among the Cypripe- 
diums were insigne, glaucophyllum and 
bellatulum. The majority of the plants are 
cultivated in baskets or on blocks of hard 
wood. 


VOL. V. 


FLOWERS IN SEASON.—We have received 
from the collection of Mr. F. J. O. Montagu, 
Lynford Hall, Mundford, Norfolk (gr. Mr. E. 
Hill), an excellent example of Cypripedium 
Master Andrew (chrysotoxum x insigne Hare- 
field Hall), in which the broad dorsal sepal 
has the upper two-thirds white, and with 
neatly arranged 
Cypripedium Arthurianum Lynford var., an 
pretty flower with 
coloration, and with the edges of the petals 
and lower part of the dorsal sepal deeply 
umdulated..<- From Mr. 'F. J. 
Brockhurst, East Grinstead, comes a flower 
of the very attractive Cymbidium Conings- 
byanum Brockhurst var., which obtained an 
A.M., R.H.S., Jan. 5th, 1915, and carried two 
arching spikes with a total of 23 blooms; the 
cream-coloured segments are suffused with 
rose-pink, the broad and open three-lobed 
labellum yellowish with reddish spotting, 


purple spotting; also 


exceedingly bright 


Hanbury, 


14 


102 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


column yellow, the under side much spotted. 
From Mr. A. W. Jensen, Lindfield, Haywards 
Heath, comes a peculiar form of Odonto- 
glossum crispum having four sepals and five 
petals, while the column carries three anther 
caps, each complete with the usual amount of 
pollen. Capt. Robert G. E. Twiss, Birdhill, 
Limerick, sends two distinct varieties of the 
elegant Cypripedium Hitchinsize (Charles- 
worth x insigne), in which the broad dorsal 
sepal is white, with rose - spotting; also 
Cypripedium Leeanum Albertianum, one of 
the best varieties of this hybrid, and of 
special interest on account of the tendency it 
has of producing twin-flowered spikes, one 
plant in the Birdhill collection having this 
season produced ten such examples, a fact 
well worthy of being placed on record. 


PLEIONES. 
ic HE Pleiones are alpine plants, inhabit- 


ing the lower and middle Himalayan 
zones, where they have a_ vertical 
range of 2,500-10,000 feet, also the summits 
of the Khasia Hills and the mountains of 
Arracan and Moulmein at 3,000-7,000 feet 
elevation. Most of the species are abundant 
in their respective habitats, growing on moss- 
covered rocks and banks and covering the 
lower part of the trunks of lofty trees, 
sometimes in partial shade, sometimes fully 
exposed. As horticultural plants they are 
highly valued on account of the brilliant 
effect produced by masses of their delicately- 
coloured flowers in the autumn and winter 
months; the flowers are, 
comparative short duration. 
Pleiones in their native habitats live under 
climatic and other conditions which, with the 
exception of temperature, cannot be even 
approximately imitated artificially. abe 
following method is, in a great measure, 
founded upon experience derived from 
observation of the behaviour of the plants 
under the altered conditions of their environ- 
ment in glass-houses. 
The pseudo-bulbs should be re-potted 
about a fortnight after they have flowered, 


however, of 


[February, 1915. 


that is to say, set in shallow pans in a compost 
of two-thirds fibrous peat and one-third 
chopped sphagnum to which a little leaf- 
mould and sand should be added. Some 
growers prefer a smaller proportion of peat 
and substitute fibrous loam with a_ small 
quantity of dried cow manure. The pans 
should be filled to within one-half of their 
depth with broken crocks for drainage, upon 
which it is usual to place a layer of sphagnum 
for the two-fold purpose of keeping the 
compost damp and preventing its sifting 
through the drainage. The remainder of the 
pan should be filled to within half an inch of 
the rim with compost, in which the bulbs 
should be placed with their roots half an inch 
below the surface; the spaces between the 
bulbs, and between them and the rim, should 
be covered with sphagnum for retaining 
moisture. 

The pans should then be suspended near 
the roof-glass of any house in which an 
intermediate temperature is maintained, and 
water withheld till the plants commence 
growing, or given only in sufficient quantity 
to keep the surface sphagnum alive. As the 
roots and foliage develop the waterings must 
be more frequent and more copious, and may 
be supplemented occasionally by a little weak 
liquid manure. Pleione lagenaria, P. praecox 
and its variety Wallichiana, may then have a 
light position in the Cattleya house. P. 
Reichenbachiana and P. maculata require 
a little more heat. P. humilis and P. 
Hookeriana, coming from a high alpine 
region, should be placed close to a ven- 
tilator or in a cooler house. When the 
folage begins to turn yellow, the waterings 
must be diminished in frequency and quantity 
till only sufficient is given to keep the bulbs 
plump. While in flower Pleiones may be 
kept in the Cattleya house or in the cool 
house, provided the temperature does not fall 
below 45 degrees Fahr. 


Mr. R. A. ROLFE—The Kew Bulletin 
notifies the appointment of Mr. Rolfe to the 
grade of Assistant, First Class, in the 


Herbarium, Kew, with effect from November 
6th last. 


February, 1915. ] TRAE OR CET 


WORLD. 103 


Column and lip of Stanhopea Wardii. 
(1) Aypochile, (2) mesochile, (3) epichile. 


STANHOPEAS. 


HE genus Stanhopea was proposed by 
Mr. John Frost, of Kew, for S. 


insignis, which flowered in the Royal 
Gardens in October, 1829, and was communi- 
cated by him to Dr. (afterwards Sir William) 
Hooker, by whom it was described in the 
Botanical Magazine, t. 2948. It was named 
in compliment to Earl Stanhope, at that time 
President of the Medico-Botanical Society in 
London. 

The flowers are very large, with 
membraneous sepals and petals of compara- 
tively simple form, while the labellum is 
fleshy and of complex structure, the most 
obvious parts of which will be easily 
recognised from the accompanying illustra- 
tion; for so curious are the different parts of 
the lip of a Stanhopea, that a clear description 
of them without such assistance 1s well-nigh 
impossible. 

The three parts of the labellum are thus 
distinguished: (1) Hypochile, the basal 
portion which is affixed to the base of the 
column; this is always saccate or hollowed 
out from above, sometimes globose in outline, 
sometimes elongated into the form of a boat. 
(2) Mesochile, the middle portion consisting 
of two horn-like bodies either bent round and 
parallel with the sides of the epichile or bent 
upwards at a considerable angle to it. (3) 
Epichile, the apical portion, which is 
polymorphous, being cordate, ovate, sub- 


Front view of same. 


rhomboidal or even oblong. Both mesochile 
and epichile are of wax-like appearance, 
usually white or colourless, but sometimes 
spotted. The column is greatly elongated, 
arching over the labellum, almost meeting it 
at its apex; the wings are membraneous and 
dilated beyond the middle. 

It is certain, state Messrs. Veitch and Sons, 
that the remarkable structure described above 
is all important in the economy of the plant 
and its perpetuation, but why so complex a 
mechanism has become necessary to its 
existence and the modifications it has 
undergone in the lapse of ages before 
attaining its present form are still among the 
secrets of Nature. The powerful odour . 
exhaled by the flowers of most of the species, 
and which are all of short duration, is 
doubtless an incentive to the larger insects to 
visit the flowers and to make their way into 
the hypochile where honey would be likely 
to be secreted or with the object of gnawing 
the interior lining which they are said to 
devour with great avidity, and the forms of 
the mesochile and epichile are among the 
contrivances to induce the insect to leave the 
flower through the opening between the apex 
of the latter and that of the column, in which 
case the pollinia would be removed while 
pressing its way through. For effective 
fertilisation, this hypothesis demands the 
alighting of an insect already loaded with 
pollinia on another unfertilised flower, and 
when passing through the apical opening the 
pollinia would be deposited on the stigma. 


104 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


A PLEA FOR MORE ORCHID 
GROWING. 


ITH further reference to Mr. Alf. 
J. Paine’s 
thereto, it is possible that a few 
hints as to the commencement and expenses 
incurred in the growing of Orchids might be 
interesting to prospective beginners. Be it 
understood, however, the followmg remarks 
are not intended for those who desire to 
build and establish their own Orchid houses 
with the latest and most up-to-date fittings, 
this section can easily obtain advice from the 
proper source, neither do I presume to give 
hints to any, except those who, like myself, 
desire to grow a few Orchids as an inex- 
pensive and pleasant hobby. Furthermore, 
it is useless for the beginner to expect to 
achieve success if he does not exert a little 
thought and care for his plants; also, the 
object of deriving mental and_ physical 
benefit therefrom would be defeated. 

Assuming then that a start is to be made 
in the greenhouse already existing in the 
garden, we must consider the aspect it takes. 
If it be a lean-to facing south or south-west, 
with the chance of getting the sun’s rays 
during the greater part of the day, then it 
is best suited to the growth of Cattleyas, 
Dendrobiums and certain Oncidiums, etc., 
using a blind for shading during the brightest 
weather. The staging, if of the open lath kind, 
will require to be covered with tiles or 
broken flower-pot ; if the latter are used select 
fairly large pieces and lay them closely 
together, concave side uppermost, thus they 
retain water for evaporation. | Now knock 
up a super stage from slats, say }# inch x 
1 inch, nail these about 1 inch apart to 
runners 14x24, rest this stage upon six- 
inch pots inverted in pans filled with water— 
this as a guard against slugs—notice too that 
the upper stage is clear all round from sides 
of house. The plants, on inverted pots, will 
rest upon this stage. 

If the floor of the house is naked earth, 
except for an ash or shingle path, so much 
the better; the earth should be dug over, 
and the path restored. A wall may exist 


article and_ replies 


[February, I1915- 


round the house in front of the hot-water 
pipes; if not, one should be built without 
mortar and of the pigeon-hole type, with 
the hollow side of the bricks uppermost, 
and reaching to a height slightly beneath 
the lower stage. This style of wall 
is easily put up, and can be removed 
at any time with little trouble; its 
object is to retain moisture and to prevent 
hot dry air reaching the plants; also, having 
once become warm it tends to steady the 
temperature of the house. If the grower 
is likely to be from home at lunch time 
he may overcome to some extent the difficulty 
of middle-day damping by resting on the top 
of this wall galvanised iron shooting, a length 
for each side and also one at the end of the 
house, at a cost of a few shillings. A few 
very tiny holes should be made in the bottom 
of this shooting, so that when it is filled with 
water some will continue to trickle through 
and keep the wall damp, thus greatly assisting 
in the problem of damping down. Of course, 
during the growing season, the whole house 
and in between the pots is thoroughly wetted 
in the morning whenever there 1s a promise 
of a warm and sunny day. 

Taking for granted the house is clean, 
it will now be ready to receive the plants. 
“Ah!” I hear a reader say, “yes, and now 
comes the expense.” But wait a moment. If 
the greenhouse has been previously used for 
ordinary plants, I would ask him to total 
up what he has spent at intervals during 
the year for fresh ones to keep the house 
gay; also, what has he for his money at 
the end of the year, how much has been 
consigned to the rubbish heap, and what will 
he spend again in the coming year, and so 
it goes on. Now this is where Orchids give the 
advantage, once having secured your stock, 
at the end of the year, providing you have 
cared for them, you may increase the number 
of plants by dividing those strong enough, 
thus each year one’s stock increases instead 
of diminishing, and, remember, they are 
Orchids, the flowers of which remain beautiful 
for a long time; also the stock, if kept in 
good condition, is an asset. 

Suppose the house is 12 feet x 8 feet, a very 


February, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD: 105 


nice little mixed stock can be obtained for 
410. This applies to either a warm or cool 
house, and although the fittings mentioned 
above will be much the same in either case, 
the position of the houses may differ slightly, 
the cool one probably having a_ northerly 
aspect, as its occupants require more shade 
and moisture with less heat. The small boiler 
required will cost about 43 per annum for fuel. 
Attention to plants, etc, will occupy on an 
average one hour per day, if calculated for 
the year—on many days the total time 
expended will not exceed half-an-hour—thus 
during the winter stoking fire might and 
morning may take fifteen minutes, damping 
down once five minutes, and looking over 
the plants ten minutes. 

The watering of the plants will depend 
to some extent on the moisture holding 
properties of the house, also the amount of 
fire heat used; in my case, at this time of 
the year, once a week appears sufficient in 
either house, some of the plants not requiring 
it so often—the soft water used is stored 
in a tank or tub inside the house—fifteen 
minutes for this operation is ample. During 
the summer months more water will, of course, 
be required. Further cultural details will be 
found in the ORCHID WORLD. 

The balance of time not required in the 
winter may be passed to the credit of the 
summer, when here and there a plant may 
want re-potting, and others cleaned, etc. Now 
it will be seen that having once made a 
beginning the yearly expense is small, and 
surely for the pleasure gained, to say nothing 
of the physical benefits derived, it makes this 
fascinating hobby one of the cheapest forms 
of recreation a busy man can have. Finally, 
I think the Trade will help the beginner ; at 
least, I call to mind a firm who helped me 
with invaluable information and were most 
reasonable in their charges for plants. 

EDWARD CLEMENT, Maidstone. 


EDITORIAL NOTE.—Having visited Mr. 
Clement’s garden we can confirm the great 
success he has obtained in cultivating a varied 
collection of both warm and cool house 


Orchids. 


VOL. V. 


Odontoglossum citrosmum. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CITROSMUM. 


departure from the usual type of 

Odontoglossums in the scapes being 
produced simultaneously with the pseudo- 
bulbs, in its perfectly pendulous racemes, 
in the form of the lip, in the absence of the 
teeth-like processes of the crest, in its three- 
winged column, and in some other details. 

This species has long been known as one 
of the most beautiful of the Mexican 
Odontoglossums. It was first introduced 
into England by Mr. George Barker, of 
Birmingham, through his collector, Ross, 
about the year 1838, and flowered for the 
first time in this country in the collection 
of Mr. T. Brocklehurst, at Macclesfield, the 
plant being one of those imported by Mr. 
Barker. In its native country it has an 
extensive range, but always at a lower 
elevation than other Mexican species of the 
genus. 

M. Roezl, who found it in the park-like 
plains that occur between the ranges of the 
Sierra Madre, thus describes his experience : 
“Great was my surprise to see the trees 
clothed with a profusion of Orchids, which 
proved to be Odontoglossum citrosmum, 
whose pendulous spikes, a yard long, were 
adorned with innumerable white and _ lilac 


| N Odontoglossum citrosmum we have a 


15 


106 THE ORCHID WORLD: 


Odontoglossum citrosmum. 


flowers, which perfumed the air with their 
delightful fragrance. The stoutest branches 
of the oaks were literally loaded, and it was 
a pleasure to see the profusion of flowers 
produced by these plants, a single spike 
bearing upwards of thirty expanded flowers. 
During several days’ march we noticed that 
all the oak trees were clothed in this way by 
the same Orchid, which flowers the more 
freely it is exposed to the direct rays of 
the sun.” 

This species is best cultivated in the 
Cattleya house, or in a situation where it can 
obtain abundance of light and be kept a 
little warmer than is usual for other species 
of the genus. All Mexican Orchids are accus- 
tomed to an abundant supply of fresh aur, 
and on this account care must be taken that 


|February, 1915. 


ample ventilation is given. It will thrive 
well in company with Lelia anceps, ete. 
Very little water should be applied during the 
resting season, but when the plant 1s making 
rapid growth the compost should be kept 
fairly moist. 

After the season’s growth is completed it 
will be found a good plan to suspend 
the pot or pan from the roof of the 
house, where it will receive ample light, be 
less likely to be overwatered, and away 
from the reach of slugs which eagerly 
await the formation of the flower spike, 
which is formed simultaneously with the 
new growth. It is a great mistake to 
tie the spikes up in an upright position, 
their correct manner is gracefully hanging 
over the edge of the pot, when they are 
always attractive. 

The varieties include album, roseum punc- 
tatum, sulphureum, and Rosefield, so quite 
a small collection of this species alone can 
be obtained. 


DENDROBIUM SPECIOSUM.— This species is 
a native of Australia, confined chiefly to the 
neighbourhood of the east coast, where it is 
frequent on the banks of streams from Port 
Bowen southwards to Cape Howe. It was 
one of the first Australian Dendrobes 
introduced into British gardens, having been 
sent to Kew in the spring of 1823 by Allan 
Cunningham. The variety Bancroftianum 
was sent from Brisbane by Dr. Bancroft, in 
1881, to Mr. Christy, of Fenchurch Street. 
The variety Hill is also a Queensland form, 
found in the neighbourhood of Moreton Bay. 
It is dedicated to the late Mr. Walter Hill, 
superintendent of the Botanic Garden, 
Brisbane. It forms an excellent horticultural 
subject, and when successfully cultivated 
forms a striking object while in flower, which 
usually occurs during the months of February 
and March. Its racemes of creamy-white 
flowers, with a few purple spots on the lip, are 
amongst the largest and most massive yet 
seen in the genus. 


February, 1915. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 107 


Dendrobium speciosum var. Hillii. 


108 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


NEW ORCHIDS. 


HE last issue of the Kew Bulletin 
ae (1914, No. 10) contains the 43rd 
decade of New Orchids, which are as 

follows :— 

Cirrhopetalum formosanum, a Formosan 
species which was sent to Kew by Mr. W. R. 
Price two years ago and has flowered on two 
or three occasions. The flowers are straw- 
yellow, with a deep yellow lip and a suffusion 
of pink in the petals. 

Ione flavescens, flowered in the Royal 
Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, in September, 
1914. Allied to Ione Anderson, the pollinia 
being attached in pairs to two clavate stipes 
situated on either side of the broad column. 
The sepals are pale yellowish-green, and the 
petals and lip deep yellow. 

Coelogyne siamensis, flowered at Kew in 
October, 1914. The sepals and petals are pale 
sreen, and the lip light yellow, with a broad 
dark brown margin to the side lobes, some 
brown streaks and dots on the disc, and some 
bright yellow at the apex of the lateral keels 
and the base of the central one. This plant 
has much of the general appearance of C. 
lentiginosa. 

Arundina subsessilis, from Upper Burma. 
Introduced by Messrs. Sander and Sons, and 
flowered in the collection of Mr. H. J. Elwes, 
Colesborne, Glos., in September, 1914. It 1s 
said to be completely herbaceous. The 
flowers are nearly white, with lilac-purple 
tips to the sepals and petals, a violet-purple 
zone round the limb of the lip just inside the 
margin, and the keels yellow. 

Eulophia subintegra, from South Africa, 
where it 1s found in damp places at Olivier’s 
Hook and sources of the Tugela River. 

Eulophia Sankeyi, from South Africa: 
Orange River Colony; Harrismith. 

I-ulophia inadensis, South Africa: Natal; 
Inanda. 

Eulophia Pegler, from South Africa : 
Transkei; Ketani. 

Polystachya Hislopu, from Tropical Africa. 
Sent to Kew by Mr. Alexander Hislop, of 
S. Rhodesia, and flowered in the collection in 
September, 1914. The sepals and petals are 


[February, 1915. 


light emerald-green, and the lip white, with a 
rose-coloured margin, a few similar radiating 
veins on the side lobes, and a few pale purple 
spots at the base of the front lobe. 

Zygopetalum Praimianum, imported by 
Messrs. Sander and Sons through their 
collector L. Forget, and flowered at St. 
Albans in September, 1914, afterwards 
passing into the Kew collection. The sepals 
and petals are dusky-brown, with obscure 
ereen stripes on the petals, and the lip white 
with hght rose-purple streaks on the fleshy 
ribs of the callus. 


ODONTIODA CLOTHO. 
(Odm. Uro-Skinneri X Oda. Thwaitesii.) 


Considering the apparent great power and 
extreme character of Uro-Skinneri, this 
hybrid approaches very closely in form the 
Odontioda in every segment. The colour is 
darkened by the brown, and obscurely mottled 
under the lilac-plum colour of the sepals and 
petals. The lip is slightly three-lobed, lighter 
than the sepals and petals, but has a large 
oblong mass of deeper colour down the mid 
area. Blooming on a small bulb there is no 
doubt that when strong it will develop into a 
similar habit to the Odontioda parent. 

This is another of Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown’s introductions. They are to be 
congratulated on their rapid success in raising 
Odontoglossums and Odontiodas, and have 
now reached a _ very interesting period 
when they will bloom a large number of 
these charming hybrids.—de B. Crawshay, 
Rosefield, Sevenoaks, January 16th, 1915. 


AN ARTISTIC BOUQUET OF ORCHIDS.— 
The artistically arranged bouquet depicted on 
the following page was recently presented to 
fI.M. Queen Alexandra by H.S.H. Princess of 
Monaco. The Orchids, of which only the 
finest procurable were used, were supplied by 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. Haywards 
Heath. 


February, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 109 


An artistically arranged Bouquet of Orchids (see page 108). 


TIO THE ORCHID WiORIED: [February, 1915. 


Cattleya Luddemanniana Stanleyi in the collection of Clement Moore, Esq., Hackensack, N.J., U.S.A. 


Sepals and petals pure white, labellum white streaked with mauve-purple, throat orange-yellow. 


February, 1915. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 111 


CATTLEYA LUDDEMANNIANA. 


HIS attractive species first came under 
AR public notice when flowering in M. 
Pescatore’s celebrated collection at 
St. Cloud, Paris, where it was successfully 
cultivated by M. Ltiddemann. Subsequently 
Mr. Dawson, at Meadow Bank, near Glasgow, 
achieved fame by flowering it in this country, 
his plant in 1802 being the subject of an 
illustration in Warner’s “ Select Orchidaceous 
Plants” under the name Cattleya Dawsonu. 
Although at later dates it was flowered by 
Mr. Rucker, at Wandsworth, and Mr. Bassett, 
at Clapham, nothing appeared to be known 
of its origin until it was imported in quantity 
by Messrs. Low and Co., of Clapton, from 
Venezuela, where it is found on the Cordillera 
near Caracas, and at a lower elevation than 
C. Mossie. 

The first account of a pure white variety is 
given in Godefroy’s Orchidophile, 1886, p. 
305, where under the varietal name alba is 
described a flower with pure white segments 
and an orange stain on the lip. This plant 
was in the collection of M. F. Finet, of 
Argenteuil, France, and had been imported 
some three years previously. On Sept. 6th, 
1892, Mr. W. R. Lee, of Manchester, 
exhibited a pure white variety at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, when it obtained a 
First-class Certificate under the name C. 
Liiddemanniana- Sanderiana. A_ beautiful 
pure white form is also known under the 
varietal name Empress. 

There is another section, equally attractive, 
which produces elegant flowers with pure 
white segments, except the labellum, which 
has bright mauve-purple streaks of colour on 
the front lobe. The first of this kind was 
shown by Messrs. Sander and Sons at 
the Royal Horticultural Society’s Orchid 
Conference, May 12th, 1885, under the name 
C. Liiddemanniana Schréderiana, when it 
obtained a First-class Certificate and passed 
into Baron Schréder’s celebrated collection. 
On Sept. 24th, 1901, Messrs. Stanley, Ashton 
and Co., of Southgate, exhibited a similar 
variety under the name C. Liiddemanniana 
Stanleyi, and received a First-class Certificate. 


Our illustration is of an excellent flower of 
this latter section in the collection of Mr. 
Clement Moore, Hackensack, N.J.. U.S.A. 
Sepals and petals pure white, labellum white, 
streaked with mauve-purple, throat orange- 
yellow. Mr. Mossman, who has charge of the 
collection, is to be congratulated on the fine 
cultural result. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM MESSALINA. 


(Lambeauianum < Vuylstekei.) 

The first tiny plant of this hybrid to bloom 
gives promise of some very handsome things. 
In form it is excellent, the petals lapping on 
the sepals. The sepals are white grounded, 
but heavily stained purple-brown and heavily 
barred with similar colour; the petals less 
stained, but carrying deep blotches at their 
tips, and large half-moon shaped blotches on 
their median areas. Lip of good form and 
nicely marked on the central and basilar area. 
Column spotted with same colour, the wings 
heavily so. The depth of colour is remarkable, 
and is invariable when produced from a good 
deep rose coloured bloom coupled with the 
massive weight of the Vuylstekei colour. 

It is a joint production of Mr. Armstrong 
and myself ; I raised the seed from his pollen, 
he winning the race in blooming the first 
plant, as I fully expected—de Bb. Crawshay, 
Rosefield, Sevenoaks, January 16th, 1975. 


OBITUARY.—We much regret to record the 
death, which took place on December 11th, 
1914, of Mr. James Clay Harvey, of Sanborn, 
Mexico, at the age of 64. Within a week of 
his death Mr. Harvey wrote us to the effect 
that his country had been in such turmoil, 
owing to the civil war, that he had been 
obliged to leave his estate and take refuge 
first in Vera Cruz and then in Orizaba, where 
he was cut off from all mail and telegraphic 
connection with Mexico City. Mr. Harvey 
was well-known as a Planter and consulting 
Tropical Agriculturist, and was keenly inter- 
ested in Orchids. An illustrated article on his 
collection appeared in the ORCHID WORLD, 
Vol. L, p. 174-5. 


112 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


RETARDING ORCHIDS. 


LTHOUGH the retarding of florist’s 
yan flowers has been largely practised 
for many years with considerable 
commercial success, it is only recently 
that attention has been given to the 
subject by Orchid growers. With the 
ever increasing multitude of hybrids flower- 
ing, as they do, throughout every week 
of the year, it may be asked why there is any 
necessity to attempt the production of Orchid 
flowers outside their natural season. With 
the amateur who has but one desire, and that 
to see things as and when Nature demands, 
there 1s, of course, no need to attempt the 
alteration of the plants’ respective seasons of 
flowering ; but with the large trade growers, 
who have to produce a quantity of bloom 
during the certain seasons of the year when 
market prices are at their best, it is at once 
evident that every means must be utilised to 
meet the demand. 

Although many species may be equally 
beautiful to the eye, and may probably have 
the same decorative effect, there is a vast 
difference in their lasting qualities, and for 
this reason some species have a_ higher 
market value than others. For instance, 
during the summer months the demand for 
Cattleya Gaskelliana is good, but it ceases 
directly C. labiata makes its appearance ; and 
although the supply of the former may last 
well into the autumn months it is practically 
unsaleable on account of the better lasting 
qualities of the latter species. No one, 
therefore, ever thinks of attempting the 
retardation of C. Gaskelliana. 

The flowers of Cattleya Trianz, which 
open during the late winter months, are of a 
comparatively thin and delicate structure, and 
make poor subjects for cut-flower purposes, 
but they fill up what is oftentimes a wide gap 
between the autumn flowering C. labiata and 
the spring flowering C. Mossie. To cover 
up this gap with better material is where the 
retarding of C. labiata proves very useful and 
effective. The process mainly consists of 
starting the plants mto growth late in the 
spring months and delaying the production of 


|ebruary, 1915. 


the flowers by placing the plants, as soon 
as their bulbs are matured, into cooler sur- 
roundings. A cool corridor or house where the 
atmosphere 1s fairly free from moisture proves 
the most suitable: place, for when the plants 
are in a comparatively dry state they safely 
withstand a much lower temperature. 

The first year’s treatment of this kind may 
only cause the plants to flower about a month 
later, but their resting season being propor- 
tionately retarded causes them to commence 
their new growth at a later period in the 
following year, and their season of flowering 
will then be two or three months later than 
the normal time. Thus it is possible to ensure 
a supply of Cattleya labiata nght through the 
winter season, and, as many have found to 
their advantage, good Cattleyas make high 
prices during Christmas week. 

Many of the Odontoglossums prove good 
subjects, and with careful attention can be 
made to produce their spikes several months 
later than the normal flowering period. The 
method of treating O. grande is as follows :— 
Soon after the plants have finished flowering 
the pots are laid on their side and no water 
is applied for some considerable time ; 1n fact, 
they often pass right through the winter with 
but little shrivelling of the bulbs. In early 
spring they are kept cool and dry, and 
resemble imported plants, although their 
leaves and roots are still intact and ready 
to recommence activity as soon as_ the 
necessary growing conditions are supplied. 
In the early summer the plants are brought 
back to light, heat and moisture, which induce 
them to make good bulbs before the late 
autumn months, and to produce their flowers 
as lateas November and sometimes December. 
The plants appear little the worse after 
several years of this special treatment. 

Dendrobiums usually open their flowers in 
the late winter months, and it is but rarely 
that there is any need to retard their normal 
development. There are, however, a few 
occasions when they prove of value, a notable 
instance being the International Exhibition 
of 1912, when large numbers were used in the 
making of the finest groups. But as Dendro- 
biums require a comparatively long season of 


February, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 113 


suitable growing weather in which _ to 
complete their bulbs, it is somewhat doubtful 
if the check thus given the plants can be 
repeated the following years without any 
serious ill effects. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM N/EVROSS. 


(naevium X Rossii.) 

Naturally, one would expect a resemblance 
to Odontoglossum Fowlerianum (Rossi x 
cirrhosum) in this, but it is a better thing. 
Sepals and petals deep rose, the former 
irregularly spotted with blackish ‘chocolate 
over their whole area; the latter similarly 
coloured, but the area that is spotted is lighter, 
the spots extending some two-thirds the 
length. The lip is darker rose with a white 
area around the crest. Column light rose, 
anther cap deep rose. In form it is much like 
neevium, and has a slight scent derived from it. 

Blooming from a very small plant it has 
produced but one flower, but if it should 
throw many-bloomed spikes it will be a very 
dainty addition to Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown’s  introductions—de B. Crawshay, 
Rosefield, Sevenoaks, January 16th, 1975. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


CATTLEYA CLi0.—In the recording of this 
hybrid on page 80 the parentage is incorrectly 
stated ; it should be Armstrongiz x labiata. 

CYMBIDIUM QUEEN OF GATTON.—A very 
beautiful result, raised in the collection of Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Surrey. 
The vigorous plant carried a spike of 8 rose- 
pink flowers, the broad lip marked with 
reddish lines. The parents are Lady Colman 
and Sandere. 

CATTLEYA PHYLLIS.—One of the most 
delicately coloured and prettily formed flowers 
that has yet been raised has recently flowered 
in the collection of Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, 
Pembury Kent. The parents are Luedde- 
manniana Stanleyi and Schrédere, the light 
rosy-pink tinge being equally distributed 
throughout the whole flower. 


CATTLEYA SNOWFLAKE.—This valuable 
acquisition to the albino section has been 
raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown by 
crossing C. Dusseldorfei Undine with C-. 
labiata alba, the result being a pure white 
flower of good substance, the plant having a 
strong constitution. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA QUEEN ELIZABETH.— 
Messrs. Flory and Black are the raisers of 
this attractive hybrid between L.-C. Gottoiana 
and C. Carmen. 

L#@LI0O-CATTLEYA BELGICA.—The result 
of crossing L.-C. Henry Greenwood with 
L.-C. Aphrodite, flowers very broad, with rich 
purple labellum. Raised by Messrs. Sander 
and Sons. . 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA FUSILIER.-A beauti- 
ful hybrid, obtained by crossing C. Hardyana 
and B.-C. Mrs. J. Leemann. The flowers, 
which are produced during the late autumn 
and winter months, are of bright coloration, 
the labellum broad and _ prettily fringed. 
Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

CyPRIPEDIUMS.— The following have been 
raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons :—Seaforth 
Highlander (Dreadnought x fulshawense) 
and Nieuport (Hera Euryades x Vandyck). 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA EILEEN.—A _ pretty 
hybrid between B.-C. Marguerite Fournier (C. 
labiata x B. Digbyana) and C. labiata. 
[exhibited by Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, 
Manchester Orchid Society, December 17th, 
1914, when it obtained an Award of Merit. 

LA@LIO-CATTLEYA ORPHEUS.—An attrac- 
tive hybrid, with reddish-bronze coloured 
sepals and petals and a well-developed rose- 
purple labellum. The parents are L.-C. 
Martinettu and C. Grossu, thus making it a 
near relative of L.-C. Fred Gott (Martinettu 
x bicolor). A note on C. Grossi appears in 
the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IV., p. 35. Raised 
by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 

CYPRIPEDIUM ROSEMARY.—This richly 
coloured hybrid has been raised by Mr. E. 
Hill, in the Lyndford Hall collection, Mund- 
ford, Norfolk. The parents are Hera and 
aureum, the influence of Spicerianum, derived 
from the latter parent, producing a pleasing 
dorsal sepal of excellent shape. 

ODONTOSLOSSUM YPRES.—The result of 


I14 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


crossing excellens with armainvillierense. 
Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

CYPRIPEDIUM CAPTAIN BOUGUEREAU.— 
This attractive hybrid between glaucophyllum 
and Amandiniz (politum x Spicerianum) has 
been raised by Mons. Joseph Ginot, St. 
Etienne, Loire, France. 

CATTLEYA LIEUT. HOLBROOK.—Messrs. 
Sander and Sons are the raisers of this 
hybrid between labiata and Ella (bicolor x 
Warscewiczii). 

CyYPRIPEDIUMS.— The following have been 
raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons :—Arras 
(Mrs. F. Sander x Leeanum), Marne (Beryl x 
Alcibiades), Aisne (Leeanum x Mrs. Mostyn) 
and Rheims (Van Dyke x Mrs. Mostyn). 

SOPHRO-CATTLEYA DOREA.— The practice 
of mating a hybrid with one of its parents, 
usually the one having the largest flower, is 
frequently accomplished with satisfactory 
results. A recent example is this hybrid 
between S.-C. Doris and C. aurea, which has 
been raised in the collection of Mr. Richard 
G. Thwaites, Streatham Hill. The influence 
of C. aurea has imparted considerable beauty 
in point of coloration, as well as increasing 
the size of the petals and lip. 

LALIA ANCIBARINA.—It is seldom that a 
new Lelia hybrid can be recorded, but this 
one is the result of crossing anceps and 
cinnabarina, the orange-yellow flowers being 
carried on a long and slender stem. Raised 
by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 

L#&LIO-CATTLEYA ISABEL.—The result of 
crossing C. Warscewiczil var. Frau Melanie 
Beyrodt with L.-C. bella alba, and yielding a 
flower of light rose tint, the petals streaked 
with purple on their median area, the labellum 
dark purple. Flowered in the collection of 
Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, Pembury. 

CYMBIDIUM FLORYI——A good addition to 
these popular hybrids, the large greenish 
flowers having the front lobe of the labellum 
spotted with red. The parents are grandi- 
florum and eburneo-Lowianum. Recently 
exhibited by Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough. 

CyPRIPEDIUMS.—The following have been 
raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown :— 
Monte (Fairrieanum x nitens), Jason (Drury1 


[February, 1915. 
x Hera) and Julia (Druryi x Chamber- 
lainianum),. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM VULTURE.—A heavily- 
blotched flower, obtained by crossing tigrinum 
with Vuylstekei. Raised in the collection of 
Mr. Richd. G. Thwaites, Streatham. 


ONCIDIUM SUPERBIENS.—This handsome 
species belongs to the same section as O. 
macranthum. The pseudo-bulbs are elongate 
ovate, about 4 or 5 inches long; the leaves 
linear-oblong, acute, keeled; the scape is 
3, or more, feet long and carries from 20 to 30 
flowers, which are nearly 3 inches in diameter ; 
the crisped sepals have the apex reflexed, and 
are chocolate-brown tipped with yellow; the 
cordate petals are yellow in the apical half, 
barred with chocolate in the basal portion ; 
the lip is much smaller, trulliform, of a 
blackish-purple, with the crest yellow. © This 
species is a native of Colombia, and deserves 
to be seen more often in _ present-day 
collections. 


ONCIDIUM MACRANTHUM.—No cool house 
is considered complete without one or more 
plants of this superb Oncidium, which is seen 
at its best during the spring and early summer 
months. The long, flexuose, branched spikes 
are formed from the base of the new bulb 
and carry numerous flowers, about 4 inches 
across, the upper sepal of a golden-olive- 
brown, the lower ones orange-yellow ; the two 
petals are bright yellow; the lip is white 
bordered with violet-purple, purplish at its 
base. When cultivated in company with the 
Odontoglossums, in a light and airy house, it 
grows with considerable freedom, the bulbs 
often attaining remarkable dimensions, while 
the flower spikes measure many feet in 
length and last some time in perfection. As 
many of the new roots are formed at some 
distance above the pot care must be taken 
to protect them from the attacks of slugs and 
other pests until they are able to gain an 
entrance into the compost. 


February, 1915.] 


tHe ORCHID) WORLD: 


Oncidium macranthum. 


116 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


CULTURE “NOTES: 


\ \ 71TH the month of February comes 
a decided and welcome improve- 
ment in the amount of daylight, 

the additional two or three hours a day 

having a great effect on the plants, which are 
recommencing activity and_ striving to 
recuperate themselves after the unsuitable 
winterly weather. Many of the small, 
unflowered seedlings have already made pro- 
minent new growths, which are a sure sign 
that attention to their rooting accommodation 
is needed, for no check should ever be 
allowed these tender subjects. Although a 
clean pot should be selected, it is not always 
necessary to use a larger one, for by sub- 
stituting new compost for some of the old 
decayed matter ample rooting material will 
be furnished for several months to come. 

Much damage to the health of the seedlings 

is often done by attempting their cultivation 

in over large pots. An excessive amount of 

compost is just as harmful to a plant as a 

superabundant supply of food is injurious 

to an animal; the best results are always 
obtained when the needs are moderately met. 

All seedling Orchids require a light com- 
post, one in which soft fibre, living sphagnum 
moss, and a few chopped leaves form the 
principal ingredients. | Such a mixture can 
be easily worked in around the tender roots 
with a pointed stick, while the surface may be 
either trimmed with a pair of scissors or 
covered with a layer of living sphagnum 
moss. As seedlings are more or less in 
growth throughout the whole year no definite 
season for re-potting can be stated, but the 
plants should be looked over every two or 
three weeks, and all that are ready for atten- 
tion should receive it without unnecessary 
delay. Where a large number exist it will 
be found a good plan to place all the newly- 
potted ones in a separate place, where they 
may receive the necessary treatment to 
encourage rapid growth. Some of the 
quicker growing hybrids, more especially 
those of the long-bulbed section, require 
re-potting every six or nine months, and often 
reach the flowering stage in about four years. 


[February, 1915. 


When once the plants are large enough to 
flower freely they should be potted in firmer 
material, using good lasting fibre, and with 
perhaps less moss and leaves in the compost. 
Their season of growth will fall into regular 
periods, with short and necessary intervals of 
rest. 

Oftentimes the slender bulbs, over-weighted 
by their comparatively heavy leaves, bend 
over and twist the basal portion, so that the 
buds situated thereon are unable to produce 
their new growth in a natural position. 
Whenever the young bulbs show signs of 
weakness in this respect one or more thin 
sticks should be placed about the middle of 
the plant, and each bulb neatly supported, 
always taking care that every leaf stands 
quite clear of its neighbour. It is surprising 
how this simple operation smartens up the 
look of the whole house, and imparts quite a 
professional appearance; the plants look 
taller, and are in every way improved. 

Something may here be said on the method 
of arranging the plants on the staging, for 
expert growers do not entirely agree on 
which is the best plan. Some advocate 
placing the largest plants at the back, with 
the smaller ones in front, which certainly 
allows ample freedom for the watering pot 
and gives the attendant every chance to 
rapidly glance over the batch and pick out 
any requiring attention, but it has the dis- 
advantage of causing the large plants to be 
too near the roof glass, where they are likely 
to be effected by extremes of temperature, 
and the little ones too far from it, so that 
they become drawn and weakly. The reverse 
method, placing the smaller pots at the back 
and the larger ones in front, certainly allows 
every plant to be at a uniform distance from 
the sloping roof glass, although it has the 
disadvantage of putting the smallest seedlings 
where they are least able to be seen and 
often near the hot-water pipes that cause the 
adjacent atmosphere to be unreasonably dry 
and hot. The third method, which appears 
to be by far the most reasonable, consists of 
sorting out the plants into various batches, 
according to their size; the smallest can 
then be arranged in neat rows ona portion of 


Tebruary, 1915. | THE 


the staging that has been raised about 
6 inches above the remainder, while the 
medium sized ones can be placed on inverted 
pots or else on staging that has been raised 
about 4 inches. The largest plants can then 
follow on, thus allowing the tops of the 
various sized plants to be on the same level. 
In this method there is the additional advan- 
tage that the smallest plants can be arranged 
on staging composed of narrow battens 
placed fairly closely together, whereas the 
larger plants can stand on stronger material, 
with the battens set wide apart to ensure a 
free circulation of the atmosphere. 

Shading Orchids. After several months 
of dull weather we have now arrived at a 
time when brighter days with a considerable 
improvement in the warmth of the sun’s rays 
may be expected. Young seedlings, more 
especially those of the Odontoglossum 
section, will require careful attention to 
prevent their tender leaves from being 
scorched by a sudden outburst of sunshine, 
which is often quite powerful when it occurs 
between sharp showers and on_ other 
occasions when the atmosphere 1s cleared by 
frosty weather. Even if the foliage escapes 
damage there is always the likelihood of the 
young bulbs being prematurely ripened, and 
thus giving a check to the plant just when it 
requires every stimulation towards the forma- 
tion of rapid growth. It is not always an 
easy task to overcome these little difficulties, 
especially in small amateurs’ collections, where 
the owner is frequently away during the 
greater part of the day, but with a little 
forethought much can be done _ towards 
accomplishing a remedy. 

The month of February may seem an 
early period in the year to think about 
shading, but in the south of England it is 
quite necessary on houses containing delicate 
seedlings. Of course, the larger and more 
robust plants can withstand a certain degree 
of direct sunshine, and, as a matter of fact, 
they benefit considerably thereby, con- 
sequently the early part of March will be 
found sufficiently early to commence with 
these, that is, supposing them to be of the 
Cattleya or other sun-loving section. 


ORCHID WORLD. 117 


With Odontoglossums and other tender 
seedlings a good method consists in lightly 
shading the house with a suitable mixture of 
whitening, applying it smoothly and_ thinly 
on the glass under which the plants requiring 
shading are cultivated ; the remaining portion 
of the roof may remain uncovered until a 
later date. By using the shading material in 
a very thin state the warmth of the sun will 
be able to penetrate into the house without 
doing any serious harm, yet quite sufficiently 
to maintain a suitable growing atmosphere. 
At a later period the usual roller blinds may 
be brought into use, when the whitewash 
shading may be allowed to remain as a pre- 
caution against neglect in using the blinds, 
either through absence from the garden or 
in the early morning when the sun is not 
powerful enough to require shading the 
whole house. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY: 


January 5th, 1915. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Gn the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney 
Wilson, W. Bolton, de B. Crawshay, W. H. 
Minter Jacobi A. Dye, W.: P. Bound, 
W. H. Hatcher, J. Cypher, W. Cobb, G. F. 
Moore, F. J. Hanbury, F. M. Ogilvie, A. 
McBean, T. Armstrong, R. G. Thwaites, 
Stuart Low, C. H. Curtis, and R. A. Rolfe. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Cypripedium Christopher var. Grand Duke 
Nicholas (Actaeus var. Miss F. H. Cann x 
Leeanum Corona), from G. F. Moore, Esq., 
Chardwar, Bourton-on-the-Water, Glos. <A 
large and well-built flower carried on a 
vigorous plant, the broad dorsal sepal having 
the upper. part white, the base green, and 
with a few purple spots; the large petals 
and lip are pale green tinged with purple. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium Pyramus Chardwar Ideal 


118 THE ORCHID WORLD: 


(Hera Euryades x Mrs. Wm. Mostyn), from 
G. F. Moore, Esq. A noble flower of 
attractive appearance and richly coloured. 
The large dorsal spotted with reddish-purple, 
the remaining segments Indian-yellow tinged 
with brown. 

Odontoglossum eximium xanthotes (arden- 
tissimum x crispum), from Sir Jeremiah 
Colman, Bart. Gatton Park, Surrey. A 
splendid example with a spike of 18 white 
flowers, slightly spotted with yellow. 

Cymbidium Coningsbyanum  Brockhurst 
var. (grandiflorum x insigne), from F. J. 
Hanbury, Esq., Brockhurst, East Grinstead. 
A handsome hybrid carrying two arching 
spikes with a total of 23 blooms, the cream 
coloured segments suffused with rose-pink, 
the broad and open three-lobed labellum 
yellowish with reddish spotting. 

Cypripedium Arthurianum Langley var. 
(Fairrieanum x insigne Harefield Hall), from 
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough. A hand- 
some flower, showing considerable improve- 
ment on the older forms, the dorsal sepal 
being much wider, while the other segments 
are proportionally stronger. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Floral Medal 
for an excellent exhibit, including the rare 
Angrecum rectum, A. sesquipedale, the 
unique Zygopetalum Mackayi Charlesworthu, 
a splendid variety of Sophro-Cattleya Saxa, 
as well as numerous hybrids. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, received a Silver Floral Medal for a 
meritorious group containing a varied selec- 
tion of the winter flowering Cattleya 
Maggie Raphael alba, the new Odonto- 
glossum navross (nevium x Rossii), a choice 
variety of Oncidium corynephorum, and a 
good assortment of Odontoglossum hybrids 
flowering for the first time 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
interesting exhibit in which were good plants 
of Lelia Gouldiana carrying an abundance of 
flower, Cattleya Maggie Raphael alba, one 
of the finest forms yet seen of Odontoglossum 


[February, 1915. 


Thompsonianum, and the uncommon O. 
nevadense. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat 
group containing choice Cymbidium hybrids, 
dark varieties of Lelia anceps, the strong 
growing Leelio-Cattleya auto-doin, and 
various Odontiodas. 

Messrs. Jas. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
was awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
large exhibit of meritorious Cypripediums, all 
the plants exhibiting considerable robustness, 
and flowering with great freedom. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
Surrey, exhibited Odontioda Othello (Odm. 
Othello x Oda. gattonensis), resembling an 
Odontoglossum; also a flower from Odm. 
crispum x Oda. gattonensis, which was of a 
sulphur-yellow tinge, a colour probably 
derived from Kegeljani, one of the parents 
of gattonensis. Aliso Cymbidium Queen of 
Gatton with a spike of 8 rose-pink 
flowers. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield 
Green, exhibited an excellent example of 
Cypripedium Hera-Beeckmanni.. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham Hill, 
showed Odontoglossum percultum, an uncom- 
mon variety of reddish colour, varieties of O. 
eximium xanthotes and O. Lambeauianum. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney, 
exhibited Odontioda The Foundling, of good 
shape and colour ; O. Wiganianum Goodson’s 
var. and a Harryanum hybrid. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, showed 
Lelio-Cattleya Queen Elizabeth (L.-C. 
Gottoiana x C. Carmen), a rosy-purple flower 
of good promise. 

F. J. O. Montagu, Esq., Lynford, Norfolk, 
exhibited Cypripedium Archimedes Lynford 
var. (insigne Harefield Hall x nitens magnifi- 
cuin), a bold flower, the broad segments well 
coloured and of thick texture. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, showed 
Lelio-Cattleya Cecilia (Trianze x luminosa), 
with salmon-coloured flowers, having a rich 
crimson-red band round the  labellum; 
Cattleya Maggie Raphael alba, a very fine 
form, and Odontioda St. Fuscien. 


February, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 119 


January 19th, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Gn the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Mr. James O’Brien (hon. sec.), R. G. Thwaites, 
W. Cobb, Gurney Wilson, T. Armstrong, S. 
W. Flory, F. M. Ogilvie, F. Sander, W. Bolton, 
C. J. Lucas, W. H. White, J. Shill, J. Charles- 
worth, R. A. Rolfe, C. H.-Curtis, A. Dye and 
F.).. Hanbury. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonu albens (C. Triane 
x B.-C. Digbyano-Mossiz), from J. Gurney 
Fowler, Esq, Pembury—A magnificent 
flower of large size and equally balanced ; the 
broad segments being creamy white, in places 
slightly tinged with rose-pink, the labellum 
particularly well-developed. 

Dendrobium Triumph (Dalhousieanum x 
thyrsiflorum), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., 
Brackenhurst, Pembury.—A remarkable plant, 
in habit of growth closely resembling the 
former parent, the semi-pendulous — spike 
bearing 5 large flowers of wax-like substance 
and colour, the broad labellum marked with 
reddish blotches at its base. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal for 
an extensive exhibit of winter-flowering 
hybrids, which included a wide selection of 
Cattleya Maggie Raphael alba, the new 
Lelia ancibarina (anceps x cinnabarina), 
Cypripedium Venus Orchidhurst var. the 
attractive Dendrobium chessingtonense and 
Brasso-Cattleya Vesta (B. glauca x C. Perci- 
valiana). The singular Masdevallia triangu- 
laris was represented by two large specimens 
carrying numerous flowers, and there were 
good forms of Lelia Gouldiana. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat 
exhibit containing the elegant Ccelogyne 
Mooreana, the scarce Cattleya Percivaliana 
alba, Coelogyne lentiginosa, Lelio-Cattleya 
Trimyra, of bright orange-yellow colour, 


Cypripedium Ypres, of good shape, B.-L.-C. 
Wotan, and the interesting Eria rugosa. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
group containing Odontoglossum Artemis, a 
richly-coloured flower, strong flowering plants 
of Dendrobium Wardianum, the rare Odonto- 
glossum sceptrum aureum, Lelia anceps 
Roeblingiana, a very large variety of Cattleya 
Percivaliana, Cypripedium aureum virginale, 
various Brasso-Cattleyas, and an excellent 
specimen of Miltonia Phalaenopsis. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
group in which were several excellent 
Cymbidium hybrids, including Alexander, 
Schlegelu and Gottianum, 
plants of Lelia anceps Schrodere and L. a. 
Bull’s alba, also Sophro-Cattleya November. 

His Grace the Duke of Marlborough, 
Blenheim Palace, exhibited Cypripedium Iona 
(bellatulum » Fairrieanum), with crimson- 
purple markings; Cypripedium Cavalier 
(Hera Blenheim var. x Earl of Tankerville), 
with a large white dorsal neatly spotted, the 
broad petals and lip tinged with purple. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., showed the 
beautiful Odontioda Latona, previously 
awarded a F.C.C.; Odontioda Lairessee, with 
a many-flowered spike ; anda hybrid between 
L.-C. Dominiana and C. aurea. 

Baron Bruno Schroder showed Cattleya 
Triane Dorothy, a large flower of excellent 
formation and richly coloured. 

Lieut.-Col. Sir Mervyn Buller, Bart., 
Broomhill, Spratton, Northants, exhibited 
Sophro-Cattleya Mrs. F. Wellesley, a pleasing 
flower with broad segments of rose-scarlet. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, showed 
Cypripedium Euphrasia (Leeanum x Pyra- 
mus), an excellent flower; Odontoglossum 
eximium of good shape and richly coloured 
with reddish-purple ; also Cymbidium Floryi 
(grandiflorum x eburneo-Lowianum), with a 
spike of seven greenish flowers. 

Messrs. E. H. Davidson and Co., Twyford, 
exhibited an excellent form of Cattleya 
Maggie Raphael alba, and the interesting 
Odontoglossum Fletcherianum, of very dark 
colour. 


well-flowered 


120 Ase 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY. 


December 17th, 1914. 


A Gold Medal was awarded to O. O. 
Wrigley, Esq., Bury, for a very fine group of 
about 150 plants, Cypripediums being well 
represented, while Lelia anceps and L. 
Gouldiana were in prominent positions. 

Large Silver Medals were granted to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; Z. A. Ward, 
Esq., Northenden; and Messrs. A. J. Keeling 
and Sons, Bradford. 

Silver Medals were awarded to Wm. 
Thompson, Esq., Stone; Col. J. Rutherford, 
M.P., Blackburn; Messrs. Sander and Sons, 
St. Albans; and Messrs. Cypher and Sons, 
Cheltenham. A Bronze Medal was granted 
to Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cypripedium Vashtii (Adrastus Marie x 
Leeanum giganteum), of excellent shape with 
fine dorsal; Cypripedium Idina “ Lee’s var.,” 
very large with white petals, both from W. R. 
LeesEsq: 

Odontoglossum Admiral Sturdee (parentage 
unknown), almost round flower, with violet 
colour extending over the whole surface, from 


Messrs. J. and A. McBean. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum crispum Dr. J. E. Helm, 
Od. eximium var. Zenith, Odontioda Brewi 
var. Rembrandt, and Od. Diana “ Ashlands 
var.,” all from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum princeps (Lawrenceanum x 
crispum), Cypripedium Actzeus Palatine, Cyp. 
Alabaster “Walton Grange” and Cattleya 
Leda, all from Wm. Thompson, Esq. 

Cypripedium Romulus var. Gratrixie 
(nitens x insigne Harefield Hall), and Bessie 
(aureum x Antinous), from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Esthwaite (parentage 
unknown), from A. R. Handley, Esq. 

Cymbidium Alexanderi rubellum and 
Brasso-Cattleya Eileen, both from Messrs. A. 
J. Keeling and Sons. 

Cypripedium Grand Duke (parentage 
unknown), from the Liverpool Orchid Co. 


ORCHID WORLD. 


[February, 1915. 


January 7th, 1915. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (an the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, 
A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, C. 
Parker, W. Shackleton, Ja: herp) eZ: aes 
Ward and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A. Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, for an excellent 
exhibit of Odontoglossums and Cypripediums. 

Silver Medals were granted to Mrs. le 
Doux, West Derby; Rev. J. Crombleholme, 
Clayton-le-Moors ; F. A. Hindley, Esq., Great 
Horton, Bradford ; Messrs. Cypher and Sons, 
Cheltenham; and Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

A Bronze Medal was awarded to Mr. 
W. Shackleton, Bradford. Other exhibits 
included Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn ; 
the Hon. Robert James, Richmond, Yorks. ; 
H. J. Bromilow, Esq. Rann Lea; Mrs. 
Gratrix, Whalley Range; Mr. J. ‘Evans, 
Congleton; and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and 
Sons, Bradford. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cypripedium Tracyanum var. Lady Evelyn 
James (Leeanum Lavertonianum x aureum 
virginale), a large flower with an attractive 
dorsal sepal, from the Hon. Robert James. 

Cypripedium Lathamianum var. Cardinal 
Mercier, a large flower of reddish colour, 
raised and shown by the Rev. J. Cromble- 
holme. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium Hassallu var. St. Mary, and 
Actzeus var. St. Mary, raised and exhibited by 
the Rev. J. Crombleholme. 

Odontioda Rossendale (Ceres x Charles- 
worth), and Oncidium  varicosum var. 
Buttercup, both from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Richmond, from the Hon. 
Robert James. 


AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 


Calanthe Jezebel (atrorubens x Wm. 
Murray), from the Hon. Robert James. 


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ORCHIDWORLD. 


MARCH, 1915. 


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DOUGLAS’ JOURNAL.—The Journal kept 
by the celebrated plant collector, David 
Douglas, during his expeditions for the Royal 
Horticultural Society in North America, 
1823-1827, has at last been published. 
Although Douglas mentions the discovery of 
several Orchidaceous plants, the following 
note is also of interest:—‘“ Among those | 
became acquainted with was William Har- 
rison, of Liverpool, a brother of Arnold 
Harrison (after whose wife Cattleya Harri- 
soniz was named), who is fond of plants and 
birds and has imtroduced many interesting 
plants to the Botanic Garden of Liverpool ; 
he has a fine garden with a collection of 
African, European and indigenous plants. 
On an old wall were about seventy species of 
Epidendrum and Orchideze in general on a 
southern aspect, only the branch or stump on 
which the plant originally grew was nailed on 
the wall without any earth, many of them 
thriving luxuriantly.” 


UNEXPECTED ALBINISM.—The production 
of albino flowers is always associated with a 
certain amount of interest, for although 
success 1s not always achieved, even when 
pure white parents are used, there are 
occasions when albinos appear quite 
unexpectedly from the intercrossing of fully 
coloured parents. A recent instance has 
occurred in Leelio-Cattleya Firenze, a new 
hybrid raised by Mr. Richd. G. Thwaites 
between C. Fabia (aurea x labiata) and L.-C. 
Rubens (pumila x Hardyana), both being 
coloured flowers. So far two seedlings have 
flowered, one has pure white segments with a 


VOL. V. 


violet blotch on the front lobe of the labellum, 
while the other has beautiful bright purple 
segments that are broad like those of Rubens, 
but which have the habit of Fabia. 


MILTONIAS.—Fine flowers of good sub- 
stance can never be produced unless the plant 
is full of vigour and the bulbs adequately 
supplied with reserve food material. No 
plants prove this statement more than 
Miltonias of the vexillaria and Roezlii section. 
From the Westonbirt collection Mr. H. G. 
Alexander sends an excellent example of M. 
Bleuana (vexillaria x Roezlii), with large 
flowers of a fleshy nature, and showing what 
really useful plants Miltonias are when grown 
to a high state of perfection. M. Bleuana is 
one of the few instances in which the inter- 
crossing of two species produces flowers larger 
than those of either parent. Mr. Alexander 
also sends a spike of M. Sander, which 
obtained a First-class Certificate, R.H.S., 
July Ist, 1913, when shown by Messrs. Sander 
and Sons. This is an excellent variety, in 
which good cultivation has brought out in 
prominent style the rosy ground colour and 
the rich crimson blotch at the base of the 
labellum. 


YELLOW ORCHIDS.—Considerable interest 
has always been taken in the production of 
yellow-flowering hybrids, not only on account 
of their 
especially for their great attractiveness and 
consequent value from a decorative point of 
view. One of the brightest of the golden- 


comparative rarity, but more 


IO 


122 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


yellow coloured hybrids that it has been our 
pleasure to receive comes from Mr. O. O. 
Wrigley’s collection at Bury. It is Lelio- 
Cattleya Goldie Locks, a cross between IL 
Cowanii and C. Harrisoniana, which carries a 
stout and erect spike of 14 flowers, each 
slightly more than 3 inches across, and of a 
glistening golden-yellow colour, not a spot of 
any other colour being visible. A yellow- 
coloured Odontoglossum is also sent by Mr. 
E. Rogers, from the same collection. The 
yellow pigment is no doubt derived from 
Hunnewellianum, a small growing species 
inhabiting certain districts where O. crispum 
is also found. The two species have yielded 
a natural hybrid known as Adriane, and this, 
when again worked through crispum, probably 
more than once, has yielded the above result. 


ORCHIDS AT ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, 
U.S.A.—The collection of Orchids owned by 
Mrs. William S. Kimball has long been 
celebrated for its specimen plants and the 
wide range of varieties which it contains. 
Among the Cattleyas are some excellent 
specimens of C. Bowringiana which on last 
flowering carried from 15 to 20 spikes, some 
of the blooms being of a pure light rose 
colour, while others were of a light mauve 
tint. C. Triana embraces many blue-lipped 
varieties, some of them being unique, while 
C. Gaskelliana alba is represented by about 
twenty-five strong plants. Brasso-Cattleyas 
and Lelio-Cattleyas are also cultivated with 
considerable success. It is among the 
Cypripediums, both species and hybrids, that 
the largest number of varieties can be seen. 
There is a very fine variety of Maudie, known 
as ne plus ultra, also the well-known Beryl 
“West Point var.” Curtmannu, Priam (Gnsigne 
x Niobe), fulshawense, J. Howes (villosum x 
nitens), a large flower, Euryades splendens, 
the brightly coloured aureum surprise, Harle- 
quin, with a curious colour arrangement, Mrs. 
Cary Batten, Minos Youngu, of excellent 
shape, Prospero majus, Thalia “Mrs. F. 
Wellesley,” Thompsonu, an attractive flower, 
and triumphans, a well-built flower of rich 


| March, 1915. 


coloration. Cypripedium insigne comprises a 
fine batch of plants, the varieties, of which 
there are more than thirty, including King 
Edward VIL, the majestic Harefield Hall, and 
one larger than this bearing the name J. Julius 
Roehrs, while among the albino forms are 
Laura Kimball, of a clear buff-yellow, and the 
elegant Sandere. The very distinct C. 
Rothschildianum is well grown, and the same 
may be said of C. Stonei, now very rarely 
seen. There is also an interesting variety of 
Curtisii, besides unique forms of other species, 
some of which have been divided into a 
number of healthy and well-rooted pieces. 
Several of the plants are in 12-inch pots, which 
will give some idea of the vigorous manner in 
which Cypripediums are cultivated by Mr. 
Colin B. Ogston in the Kimball conservatories. 


MILTONIA WARSCEWICZIL— From _ the 
collection of Mr. O. O. Wrigley, Bridge Hall, 
Bury, comes an excellent spike and variety of 
this species, which Mr. E. Rogers cultivates 
with considerable success! According to 
Reichenbach, it was the botanist Poeppig who 
first detected it in 1830 on the Peruvian 
Andes, near Cuchiro. It was next found by 
the Polish traveller and collector, Warscewicz, 
who brought to Europe dried specimens from 
which the plant was first described, and the 
species was accordingly dedicated to him. It 
was introduced to European gardens by 
Linden in 1868, through Wallis, probably 
from Colombia, in which country it had been 
detected by Purdie many years previously. 
Subsequently it was found by Messrs. Veitch’s 
collector, Burke, growing on small trees and 
shrubs close to the ground and on moss- 
covered stones at an elevation of 2,000-3,000 
feet, near the Rio Verde, in the province of 
Antioquia. A plant exhibited at the Royal 
Horticultural Society in October, 1869, was 
probably the first that flowered in England. 
This species has also been recorded under the 
names Miltonia fuscatum and M. Weltonn. 
On account of the panicled inflorescence, a 
rare instance in the genus Miltonia, hybridists 
have made much use of it in the production 
of attractive hybrids. 


March. rg915.] LHE ORCHID WORLD: [2 


Ww 


S 


\\ S S 
WAL 


Ornithocephalus grandiflorus. 


ORNITHOCEPHALUS GRANDIFLORUS.—It 
has often been remarked that the smaller the 
flower so much the more remarkable is its 
structure. O. grandiflorus is no exception to 
the rule ; indeed, it is one of the most curious. 
The genus was formed by Hooker, and the 
specific name applied by Lindley. It is 
commonly known as the “Bird’s Head 
Orchid” by reason of the long tail-like gland 
attached to the pollen masses. No satisfactory 
decision has ever been given regarding this 
unusually extended organ. In Cattleyas the 
usual size of the caudicle connecting the 
actual pollen grains with the viscid gland is 
rarely more than an eighth of an inch in 
length, but in the subject of this note, which 
is a very much smaller flower, it is fully half 
an inch long, while the position of the gland 
is not where one would expect it—just where 


the insect’s head would be when visiting the 
flower—but placed near the end of the 
labellum furthest from the column. Exactly 
how fertilisation is accomplished is by no 
means certain. The plant is dwarf growing, 
and produces scapes from the axils of the 
leaves. The flowers, which measure about 
{ inch across, are white, each segment having 
an emerald-green blotch at its base. This 
species was originally discovered by Gardner 
on the Organ Mountains in southern Brazil in 
1837, and was described by Dr. Lindley 
shortly afterwards from Gardner’s herbarium 
specimen. Nothing more appears to have 
been seen of it till 1882, when fresh specimens 
for identification were sent to Reichenbach 
by M. Witte, curator of the University Botanic 
Garden at Leyden, and about the same time 
by M. Liiddemann at Paris. Two years later 


124 DHE ORCHID] WORED: 


eS 


ta 


[March, rots. 


Cypripedium bellatulum, in the collection of J. J. Neale, Esq., Lynwood. Penarth. 


it was figured in La Belgique Horttcole, and 
described by M. Morren from a plant in the 
Botanic Garden at Brussels. 


CYPRIPEDIUM BELLATULUM.—Remarkable 
success has been obtained in the cultivation 
of Cypripediums bellatulum and niveum 
in the collection of May jie Neale 
Lynwood, Penarth, an enthusiastic amateur 
who possesses an interesting assemblage 
of Orchids contained in eight houses. 
Our illustration of C. bellatulum, repro- 
duced from a photograph taken by Miss 
Muriel Neale, shows an _ excellent plant, 
one of several pieces which, when imported 
in March, 1907, only required 3-inch pots ; 
the following year they were placed in 
s-inch pots, and so rapidly did they grow that 
in 1910 pots having a diameter of 8 inches 
were necessary for their accommodation. 
These plants always bloom twice yearly, but 
never produce so many flowers in the autumn 


as they do in the spring. The specimen 
forming the subject of our illustration yielded 
14 blooms, although only 12 were open when 
the photograph was taken. These plants are 
grown in a warm and moist house, and just 
over a water tank, in company with other 
warmth-loving Cypripediums. The compost 
consists of local rock, broken in fine pieces, 
and mixed with fibrous loam, to which some 
old mortar rubble is added ; on account of the 
fact that this species 1s frequently discovered 
growing in situations where lime is present, 
the practice of occasionally using lime water 
to moisten the compost is found to be 
beneficial. The plants look a picture of good 
health, and, notwithstanding the apparent 
strain imposed upon them by carrying so 
many flowers, show not the slightest sign of 
deterioration. It is pleasing to add that Mr. 
Haddon, who has had charge of the collection 
during the past ten years, reaps almost equal 
success with many other species and hybrids, 
the whole collection being in an excellent 
condition of good health. 


March, 1915. | THE ORCHID 


AN ORCHID EXCHANGE.— We have 
received the following letter from an amateur 
cultivator of Orchids residing in the south of 
England:—‘“ How is it amateurs do not 
advertise Orchids for sale in your publication ? 
All the papers devoted to livestock and 
gardening do so, and it would put small 
growers in touch with one another. Take my 
case, | only grow Orchids in a small way, as 
I cannot afford to do otherwise, and now and 
again I buy an expensive variety and divide 
it and wish to dispose of half the plant, but 
am unable to do so as I know of no one to 
sell it to. If I make known my wants in your 
columns perhaps | should hear from someone 
who wanted this particular variety.” We 
believe something similar to the above 
suggestion was attempted a few years ago, 
but failed to receive the anticipated support. 
Any means by which collections can be 
enlarged by the distribution of rare and 
beautiful plants certainly deserves to succeed, 
and we are quite willing to give every 
assistance to the scheme. On this account we 
shall be glad if other amateurs will make 
known their views on the matter. 


ee 


% 4 ay 


x 


ORCHIDS FROM WALTON GRANGE.—F rom 
the well-known collection of Mr. W. 
Thompson we have received a selection of 
beautiful hybrid Odontoglossums, of which 
the one known as Walton Gem may be 
selected on account of the large orbicular 
petals with their bright purple colour, and the 
pleasing manner in which all the segments 
are margined with a pure white band. O. 
amabile Thompsonianum is well worthy of its 
owners name, the broad segments being 
richly marked with reddish-purple; it has 
received an Award of Merit, Manchester 
Orchid Society. O. Walton Ruby has 
cbtained a similar award, and is of con- 
siderable promise; the small bulb carried a 
spike of 12 flowers, the sepals scarlet-red, the 
petals ruby-red. Cypripedium Mrs. Arkle is 
particularly fine; the almost circular dorsal 
sepal is 2} inches across, of emerald-green, 
neatly spotted and bordered with white; the 


VOL. V. 


WORLD. 12 


ui 


petals, measuring over 14 inches in breadth, 
are tinged and veined with reddish-brown. It 
is one of this year’s seedlings and has already 
received an Award of Merit from the 
Manchester Orchid Society. The bright and 
rich coloration of all the above flowers 1s 
largely due to Mr. J. Howes’ cultural skill. 


ASSISTANCE FOR BELGIANS.—At the 
meeting of the R.H.S. Orchid Committee, 
Feb. 16th, Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., 
thought something should be done by 
Orchidists to aid Belgian horticulturists who 
have sustained losses during the war, and he 


_ suggested that owners of collections would be 


only too pleased to contribute plants towards 
a sale, the proceeds of which would materially 
help the scheme. Although he believed the 
R.H.S. Council were also considering the 
matter of relief, he did not think it would be 
of the nature now proposed. Sir Jeremiah 
added that the trade had to be considered, 
and as many members of it had already 
contributed in more ways than one he did not 
wish to suggest anything that might interfere 
with their commercial affairs, still, he thought 
any widely advertised sale of Orchids for such 
a deserving cause would attract other horti- 
culturists who were not at present Orchid 
amateurs, and that thereby the sphere of 
interest might be considerably increased to 
the benefit of one and all. Mr. J. Gurney 
Fowler heartily approved of the kindly feeling 
and suggestion, but thought that no hurried 
judgment should be arrived at, and on that 
account asked those present to carefully 
consider the matter before the next meeting, 
when no doubt a suitable scheme could be 
adopted. 


ONCIDIUM PATULUM.— The February issue 
of the Orchid Review contains a note by Mr. 
R. A. Rolfe that the plant described and 
figured under this name by Dr. Schlechter 
(Orchis, viu., p. 18) is identical with O. nanura 
a species flowered by Messrs. Loddiges in 
1842, and described by Lindley. 


17 


126 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


THE COLOURS OF FLOWERS. 


LTHOUGH a vast amount of informa- 
A tion has been obtained concerning 
the many physiological problems of 
plant life, that relating more especially to the 
formation of colour in flowers has remained 
somewhat in the background. This is mainly 
on account of the difficulties encountered in 
investigating the minute quantities that are 
oftentimes sufficient to form an intense 
pigment, and the factors that may completely 
change the colour of the whole flower or any 
particular section. Colour production is a 
bye-product of the great utilitarian process of 
life. 

The different colours of flowers are due to 
the varying colour of the cell sap, to the 
different distribution of the cells containing 
the coloured cell sap, and also to the various 
combinations of dissolved colouring matter 
with the yellow, orange or red chromoplasts 
and the green chloroplasts. The sap pigments 
may range from blue to red, but the plast 
pigments are never blue, their colour ranging 
from bright yellow to bright red. 

At the meeting of the Scientific Committee 
of the Royal Horticultural Society, Feb. 2nd, 
1915, Dr. F. Keeble F2R-S3) in eminem 
account of the chemistry of flower colours, 
showed, by means of various experiments, how 
the sap colours, viz., blue, red, magenta and 
Colourless bodies, 
called chromogens, are liberated from the 
living substance of the plant, and these when 
united with oxygen form various pigments. 


pink, may be produced. 


Coloration is an oxidation phenomenon. 

An important factor is the rate and extent 
of the oxidation, this depending upon the 
constitution of the cells situated in various 
parts of the flower. Delay in development 
frequently occurs, which suggests a reason 
why some flowers do not always assume their 
normal colour, but stop, as it were, in an 
unfinished condition. Richly coloured blooms 
generally result after a period of suitable 
growing conditions, while the production of 
whitish flowers on young or starved plants, 
which yield coloured ones under normal 
conditions, 1s probably due to lack of 


[March, 1915. 


chromogen and the oxidising agent. Thus 
we can understand how the light, heat and 
moisture of one season has its effect on the 
flowers produced during the following season. 

Close observation of many coloured flowers 
will detect a beautiful system of venation, 
which is usually of a richer or darker colour 
than the general substance of the flower. 
Until recently these veins have been held 
responsible as the means by which the colour 
pigment is brought up from the plant and 
diffused over the flower. Dr. Keeble, however, 
does not entirely hold with this view, but 
believes the veins pour out some material 
necessary for the process of coloration, and 
without which the chromogen, the mother 
of pigment, is unable to make further 
development. 

Many coloured flowers have white patches 
where there are present both chromogen and 
its oxidising agent, but which fail to produce 
colour owing to the presence in the sap of a 
third substance having an inhibiting or 
paralysing effect on the process of oxidation. 

While there are some flowers which are 
true albinos solely because they entirely lack 
chromogen, the mother of pigment, and so are 
unable to make colour, there are others that 
owe their pure whiteness to the counteracting 
or paralysing factor, which, so long as it 
remains, will always prevent the formation of 
colour in any seedlings that may be obtained 
by the use of such plants as parents. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM 
EDWARDIMIUM. 


Another addition to the already long series 
of Edwardu crosses has been made by Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown, whose success at 
present is astonishing and most pleasing. 

It is described accurately by calling it a 
glorified Edwardii, of intense deep purple, 
with lighter margins to the sepals and petals, 
the colour being the same both back and front. 

The lip, column and ovary are all exactly 
the same colour, the anther cap being white. 
The only things wanting are size and a 
good lip. 

de B. Crawshay, Roscfield, eb. 8th, 7975. 


March, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 12 


HABITATS OF ORCHIDS. 


growing Orchids under artificial con- 

ditions it is very helpful and, indeed, 
almost a necessity to procure details of the 
climate and conditions under which they grow 
in their natural abode. On this account the 
following details from letters written by 
David Burke when collecting in Burma for 
Messrs. Veitch and Sons will prove of value. 

Of Vanda Amesiana and Kimballiana he 
remarks:—They grow mostly on_ rocks, 
sometimes on trees, at an altitude of 4,000- 
5,000 feet, very slight shade, sometimes full 
sun. Flowers are produced very freely in 
December and January. In the cold season 
the maximum temperature is 65, minimum 
about 31; oftentimes the ground is quite 
white and sometimes icicles form in the 
morning, from four to six being the coldest 
time. Sometimes the plants are completely 
shrivelled, as the dew is not so heavy as that 
formed in countries close to the equator. 

In the Southern Shan States Vanda 
coerulea grows at an altitude of 4,500 feet, with 
very slight shade, and is more often found 
on bare rocks than on trees. In the month 
of June I saw V. ccerulea, V. Kimballiana, 
Cypripedium bellatulum, Dendrobium crystal- 
lnum, a Bulbophyllum species, and a Thunia, 
probably Bensonie, all growing together on 
one small precipice. Cypripedium bellatulum 
grows on the highest points, on exposed rocks, 
with very shght shade, and occasional hoar 
frost at night time. A Cypripedium species 
grows at an altitude of 6,000 feet, where it 
is very cold; in winter it must survive 8-10 
degrees Fahr. of frost. 


| N order to obtain satisfactory results when 


Concerning Dendrobiums he writes to the _ 


effect that D. crassinode grows on small 
deciduous trees, at an elevation of 3,600-4,000 
feet, with hoar frost every morning for a 
period of two months. D. fimbriatum and D. 
Dalhousieanum grow on trees and rocks fully 
exposed to the sun, at elevations of from 
2,000-4,000 feet. D. suavissimum is found 
high up on trees situated in the lower 
localities, as also is D. crepidatum and D. 


cretaceum. D. Cambridgeanum grows on 


N 


rocks and_ small 
exposed to the sun, at an altitude of 3,000- 
4,000 feet. 

Aérides crassifolium and other species 
grow on trees, with slight shade, and at an 
elevation of 2,500 feet. Saccolabium guttatum 
is described as very scarce, the few speci- 
mens seen were growing on trees, near 
streams, at an elevation of 2,500 feet. 
S. giganteum was discovered in the plains. 

Cypripedium hirsutissimum is plentiful and 
grows on rocks, with but little soil, at an 
elevation of 3,500-4,000 feet. Cypripedium 
Parishu is found at varying altitudes; in the 
lowest situation it is found on trees, but as 
higher ground is reached this plant is dis- 
covered growing gradually nearer the earth, 
until at its highest limit it is found actually 
on the rocky soil, where it grows much freer 
than when on trees. 

At 3,500 feet there is a frost every night 
for about two months, notwithstanding which 
certain Orchids flourish. 


deciduous trees, fully 


AveleA FOR. MORE ORCHID 
GROWING. 


AN APPRECIATION. 


R © essere to the appeals and the 


awakened interest for a more 

extended culture of these lovely 
plants, it is a source of gratification to notice 
the lead taken by Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown, of Tunbridge Wells, who in their 
advertisement in the current issue of the 
ORCHID WORLD invite with every encourage- 
ment the young amateur and beginner to 
commence the cultivation of Orchids. 

Now although I hold no brief for this 
estimable firm, I can assure those who 
contemplate or desire to grow a few Orchids 
that they will find there all they wish for in 
making a start, and at the minimum of 
expense. Only a few days ago I saw in their 
establishment a batch of Cypripediums in 
flower that could not fail to please any 
amateur, plants that a few years ago would 


128 THE, ORCHIDS WORED: 


have fetched their guineas. This genus is a 
very good one to start with, and being of easy 
culture is more likely to lead the amateur on 
to higher spheres; but such is the rate of 
progress made in these days of hybrids that 
it is difficult to know what is select, since all 
are beautiful. 

Of course, one does not expect, nor would 
it be just to our connoisseurs, to anticipate 
varieties of first-rate excellence, but I can say 
this, that one need have no hesitation about 
obtaining a full return of delight and pleasure 
for his outlay. 

It is to be hoped that now a start has been 
made there will be a ready response to the 
invitation. The piea for more Orchid growing 
has been presented, and now the opportunity 
is given to all amateurs to attain that object. 
Doubtless, other firms will follow in like 
manner, to the mutual advantage of all. 

The would-be amateur Orchid grower could 
not do better than read, mark and learn how 
much success can be obtained by perusing Mr. 
Clement’s remarks in the last issue, also those 
of Mr. Paine in former issues of the ORCHID 
WORLD. To all possessors of a greenhouse I 
would say: if your desire is genuine, just try 
a few plants, and with thoughtful care I 
venture to predict you will very soon find 
yourself in the position that well-known 
character Oliver Twist found himself on a 
certain occasion—“ an increased appetite for 
more.”—H. A. Farmer. 


ORCHIDS AT MAMARONECK, 
N.Y. Usseee 


an extensive scale in the United 

States may be mentioned the firm 

of Messrs. Geo. E. Baldwin and Co., of 

Mamaroneck, N.Y. Our illustration shows 

the interior of one of their immense houses, 

which has a length of 125 feet and a width of 

50 feet, and contains the astonishing number 
of 20,000 plants. 

One of the interesting features in these 

houses is the method employed to maintain 


A MONG those who cultivate Orchids on 


| March, 1915. 


the necessary atmospheric moisture. Under 
each plant stage is a ?-inch pipe, extending 
the entire length of the house and provided 
at intervals of 3 feet with nozzles from which 
issues an effectual spray of water. Each run 
of pipe is connected with a valve on the main, 
so that the whole, or any desired sections, 
may be turned on as occasion requires. By 
this means a considerable saving in labour 1s 
effected. 

Another point worthy of note is the ample 
supply of fresh air given by means of the 
large ventilators situated exactly above the 
path. In the United States it 1s customary, 
probably owing to the better climatic 
conditions there prevailing, to provide much 
more light and air than is usually given to 
plants cultivated in Europe. 

Some six years ago Mr. G. E. Baldwin paid 
a visit to England, when he was much struck 
by the vast amount of heavy shading used on 
Orchid houses, even the north sides receiving 
far more than he considered beneficial. On 
discussing this subject with several growers 
he found that the English cultivators 
considered such treatment —_ absolutely 
necessary, owing to the large amount of 
intermittent sunshine and the ready manner 
in which the foliage became burnt. 

Mr. Baldwin was also struck with the 
apparently unnecessary coddling of the 
plants; whenever he went into an Orchid 
house there frequently seemed to be an 
insufficient supply of fresh air. It is very 
interesting to have the opinion of one who 
has had such an extensive and _ successful 
experience in the cultivation of these plants, 
for all cultural hints cannot be otherwise than 
valuable. In kindly supplying the foregoing 
particulars, Mr. Baldwin pays a warm tribute 


‘to his friends on the eastern side of the 


Atlantic by remarking :—“I am not trying to 
give any details to the splendid staff of 
Orchid growers in England, for, without 
doubt, they know more about Orchids than 
Indo: 


CHELSEA SHOW.—This important event 
will be held May 18th, roth and 20th, tors. 


6 PSN CAIN ‘Yauoipwmpyy “0D QD ulmpjog “q °0a5 ‘sassayyy fo asnozy vfiajj}0> 24} ul maa py 


18 


WORLD, 


ORCHID 


THE 


VOr. Vv. 


March, 1915. | 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[March, 1o15. 


Cattleya Triane “Lord Kitchener.” 
A magnificent variety of this Colombian species in the collection of 


C. J. Phillips, Esq., The Glebe, Sevenoaks. 


March, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 131 


SACCOLABIUM~ BELLINUM.—During _ the 
months of February and March this elegant 
species is seen at its best, its decurved 
peduncles lasting some time in perfection. 
The oblong sepals and petals are yellow, 
blotched with blackish-purple; the saccate 
lip is fleshy, white with mauve-purple spots ; 
the column very short. It was discovered in 
1873 by Boxall in Burmah, and introduced by 
Messrs. Low and Co. A fairly high tempera- 
ture is required in order to secure the best 
results. 


ROYAL ORCHIDS.—On the occasion of the 
visit of H.I.H. Princess Napoleon (née 
Princess Clementine of Belgium) to Chelten- 
ham to patronise a concert arranged in aid 
of the Disabled Belgian Soldiers’ Home, 
Messrs. Cypher and Sons decorated the Royal 
Box with a magnificent bouquet of Orchids. 
The flowers included white varieties of Lelia 
anceps, select Calanthes, various new hybrids 
and Cattleya Triane “ King of the Belgians.” 
At the close of the concert the Princess 
graciously accepted the’ bouquet at the hands 
of Mr. John Cypher, and transferred the 
last-named specimen to her corsage. 


Saccolabium Bellinee 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM PRIMULINUM.—This is 
the result of crossing Wilckeanum (luteopur- 
pureum x crispum) and excellens (triumphans 
x Pescatorei), both parents being natural 
hybrids that have long been known to 
Odontoglossum fanciers. The combination of 
the two yellow species in company with the 
two whites has yielded a large flower with 
broad segments of primrose-yellow colour, 
from which the specific name is derived. 
Raised in the collection of Mr. F. J. Hanbury, 
Brockhurst, East Grinstead. 

ODONTIODA SIMONE.—Messrs. Flory and 
Black have raised this attractive hybrid 
between Oda. Bradshawize and Odm. Vuyl- 
stekei, the flowers being yellowish and almost 
covered with chocolate-red markings. 

CyMBIDIUM CASTOR.—Another addition to 
this pleasing genus has been made by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons, who nave produced several 
pretty varieties by crossing insigne with 
Woodhamsianum. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA ROBERTSONIA—The 
parents of this interesting hybrid are C-. 
Maggie Raphael and L.-C. luminosa. Raised 
by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 


gy THE ORCHID WORLD. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM DUNKERQUE.— [homp- 
sonianum and Harryanum are the parents of 
this richly coloured hybrid which has recently 
been raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

ODONTIODA ViviD—One of the richest 
coloured Odontiodas, the parents being C. 
Neezliana and O. illustrissimum, yielding a 
many-flowered branching spike of glowing 
blood-red flowers. Recently exhibited by 
Mr. J. Gurney Fowler. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA ;FIRENZE——Two very 
interesting results have already appeared in 
this hybrid between C. Fabia and L.-C. 
Rubens, both parents being coloured varieties. 
The first is a pure white flower having a violet 
blotch on the front lobe of the labellum, while 
the second has beautiful bright purple 
segments that are broad, like those of Rubens 
(L. pumila x C. Hardyana), but which have 
the habit of Fabia. Raised in the collection 
of Mr. Richd. G. Thwaites, Streatham. 

LALIA TENDIANA—The specific name of 
this attractive hybrid is derived from those of 
its parents—tenebrosa and Diana (Dayana x 
purpurata), the effect of tenebrosa giving a 
bronzy tint to the purple colour. Raised by 
Mr. Eustace Clark, Evershot, Dorset. 

CATTLEYA CAMILLA.—An attractive flower 
resulting from the use of chocoensis alba and 
Warneri alba ; the broad petals partake of the 
habit of the former parent and are pure white, as 
also are the sepals; the labellum slightly tinged 
with rose. Raised by Mr. F. C. Puddle in the 
Scampston Hall collection, Rillington, York. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA CZARINA.—The parents 
of this pleasing hybrid are L.-C. Haroldiana 
(tenebrosa x Hardyana) and C. Iris (bicolor x 
aurea), yielding a large flower of buff-yellow 
colour, the labellum magenta-purple, the 
throat lined with golden-yellow. Raised in 
the collection. of Mr. W. HeySt. .Oumtm, 
Scampston Hall, Rillington, York. 

LA#LIO-CATTLEYA AURATA—The result 
of crossing L.-C. Lydia (Cowanu x Gaskel- 
liana) with L.-C. Golden Oriole (aurea x 
Charlesworthi), and yielding a wide flower of 
bright golden-yellow colour, which wil! ne 
doubt improve as the seedling gains in 
strength. Raised in the collection of Mr. F. 
J. Hanbury, Brockhurst, East Grinstead. 


[March, 1915. 


SOPHRO-CATTLEYA ANDROMEDA.—Messrs. 
J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, are the 
raisers of this pretty hybrid between S. 
grandiflora and C. Octave Doin. Flower of 
rose-scarlet, the open throat yellow. 

CYMBIDIUM BUTTERFLY—The result of 
crossing Lowio-grandiflorum with insigne. 
Pollination was effected March 3rd, 1910, the 
seed sown February 2nd, 1911, and in the 
eight plants which have recently flowered 
there is considerable variation, some taking 
after one parental species, while others 
resemble more closely another or a combina- 
tion. Raised by Mr. H. G. Alexander in the 
Westonbirt collection. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA TYDEUS.—A_ very 
pretty hybrid resulting from the use of C. 
Triane and L.-C. Ernestu, the petals being 
flushed with rose-purple at their tips, the 
labellum dark crimson. Raised by Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown. 

LA#@LIO-CATTLEYA JONYRA.—The result of 
crossing L. Jongheana and Lelio-Cattleya 
Myra, yielding a rose-pink flower, the throat 
yellow. Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown. 


Dendrobium Brymerianum. 


March, 1915. | 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Ca 


Maxillaria Sanderiana. 


134 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


VANDA TERES. 


regarded as one of the finest plants 

known to horticulturists, so much so 
that we find Sir Joseph Paxton beginning his 
description of it in the following impressive 
style:—“It may safely be asserted that 
Orchidaceous epiphytes are the most 
exquisitely beautiful of all Nature’s produc- 
tions. Rich in every shade or variety of 
colour, airy and fantastic, but always elegant 
in habit, replete beyond description with 
every charm that can allure the senses or 
enchant the mind, they totally eclipse all the 
old inhabitants of our stoves, and moreover 
present in their number and variety a field of 
research to the botanical student and the 
enquiring cultivator which, from the compara- 
tively little knowledge of them we yet possess, 
appears really illimitable.” 

Vanda teres is widely distributed over 
north-east India, Assam and Upper Burmah. 
It is always found in the hot plains and 
valleys scrambling over the branches of the 
largest trees and exposed to the full glare of 
the sun. It was first detected by Dr. Wallich 
in Sylhet early in the nineteenth century, and 
living plants were brought home by him to 
England about the year 1829. Among the 
first to bloom were those in the gardens of 
the Duke of Northumberland at Syon House, 
and it is recorded that the flowers were cut 
and presented to Princess Victoria. 

The terete stems are as thick as an ordinary 
writing pencil, several feet long, and carry 
leaves, from 4 to 5 inches in length, that are 
similar in formation to it. The flowers are 
3 to 4 inches in diameter, borne on whitish 
pedicels that are mbbed and twisted; sepals 
and petals pale rose-purple; the labellum 
three-lobed; the side lobes roundish, convolute 
over the column, tawny-yellow with bands of 
red spots on the inner side; the front lobe 
with a broad claw and obcordate blade deeply 
cleft at the apex, and of rose-purple colour ; 
spur funnel-shaped, compressed laterally ; 
column white, anther beaked. 

In order to flower this species successfully 
special treatment is required, for although the 


Ss long ago as 1838 Vanda teres was 


|March, 1915. 


plants may grow well when placed in a 
Cattleya or warmer house, they do not 
produce flower-buds unless the stems are 
thoroughly ripened by prolonged exposure to 
the sun’s rays; only during the hottest period 
of the summer is any shading required, and 
then during the middle part of the day for a 
period of two or three hours. A temperature 
of 100 degrees does not appear to be harmful, 
although above this it is advisable to admit 
air freely in order to prevent burning of the 
leaves. The minimum winter temperature is 
about 60 degrees, and that of the summer 
months about 70 degrees. 

A good method of dealing with the plants 
is to place several in a wide pan, in which an 
ample supply of drainage material is used, the 
upper part being filled with living sphagnum 
moss. During the growing season the plants 
should be frequéntly syringed, always taking 
care that water of nearly the same tempera- 
ture of the house is used. This Vanda has 
been grown very well when placed at the 
sunny end of a span-roofed house, where it 
can obtain the full benefit of the sun; in this 
case some means must be used to prevent the 
other occupants of the house from getting an 
excess of sunlight, or unexpected damage 
may result. 


MAXILLARIA SANDERIANA.—This elegant 
species, undoubtedly the finest of the genus, 
was discovered by Edward Klaboch when 
travelling in Peru on an Orchid collecting 
expedition for Messrs. Sander and Sons. It 
was found on the mountains at an elevation 
of 4,000 feet, hence it must be regarded as a 
cool-house plant. Some of the earliest plants 
to be imported passed into the collection of 
Baron Schréder, who had the honour of first 
flowering this species when under cultivation, 
and exhibiting it at the Orchid Conference 
held at South Kensington in May, 1885, when 
a First-class Certificate was awarded. The 
sepals and petals are milk-white spotted with 
sanguineous red; the lip fleshy, three-lobed, 
ivory-white with some sanguineous stains on 
the side lobes ; column deep red above, white ’ 
spotted with red-purple below the stigma. 


March, 1915. | 


A Ses AES 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 


~~ TV 
NM 
ba 


ee 


Vanda teres. 


136 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


EARLY REMINISCENCES OF 
ORCHID GROWING. 


this fascinating hobby to relate a few 

early recollections on this subject is 
one which I feel some difficulty in expressing 
in a manner worthy of the ORCHID WORLD. 
I wish to avoid anything of the nature of an 
autobiography, but I fear I cannot escape it, 
so will do my best. 


A REQUEST by a friend interested in 


The period I am now referring to dates 
back to the late seventies, and the circum- 
stances here recorded are as vivid in my 
recollection as if it were but yesterday. Being 
very fond of flowers I was never so happy as 
when amongst them. A buttonhole was a 
weakness, were it the humble marigold or 
modest mignonette, especially if of my own 
cultivation. My employer soon discovered my 
proclivities, which in after years developed 
into a strong attachment between us in a 
marked degree. One day he came into my 
office and asked me how my work stood. 
“ Everything is in order, sir,” I replied. “ Very 
well, then, I want you to do a little thing for 
me; I want you to go to Stevens, King 
Street, Covent Garden, and buy the lots I 
have marked off; here is the catalogue and 
£10. Lay it out to the best of your ability.” 
On perusing the catalogue I saw it described 
a sale of imported Orchids. Orchids—I 
thought—what are they and what does it 
mean? They might have been wild animals 
or limbo for all I knew, except there was 
some reference to them being plants. I was 
rather doubtful as to the outcome of my 
errand, and my doubts increased still further 
when, on reaching the sale room, I saw 
scarcely anything but a lot of dried, withered, 
dead looking stuff that had some resemblance 
to vegetation of a remote period. I am in 
for trouble, I thought; my employer will not 
thank me for buying him a lot of rubbish. 
What amI to do? There was not time to go 
back and tell him. I looked around to see 
what other folks were doing and noticed they 
seemed to be handling the subjects rather 
tenderly and with the air of a connoisseur. 


{[March, 1915. 


There is something in it after all, I thought, 
and where ignorance is bliss, it is folly to be 
wise. I set about looking up the lots I was 
told to purchase, not omitting to see if there 
were any better than those marked off. The 
sale commenced and shillings and guineas 
seemed to flow freely, which relieved my mind 
greatly. Eventually I completed my purchase 
and exhausted the 410 within a few shillings, 
gathered together the dé4ris, packed them 
into a parcel and wended my way back to the 
warehouse. 

I had great misgivings as to the outcome of 
what I thought “a wild goose chase,” and 
prepared myself for a reprimand of no mean 
order. Determined to make my case as good 
as possible I entered the private office of 
Mr. —— with an apology on my lips, first 
looking round for the most easy means of 
exit. “I am very sorry, sir, but ?.. i\Niats 
haven’t you got the plants?” “Yes, sir, but 
they are all dead.” How I scanned his face 
to see the result, but I detected a merry 
twinkle in his eyes. “Let's look at them,” and 
after a keen examination he said: “ They are 
very nice,” and with a pat on my _ back 
complimented me on the purchase. How 
thankful I felt that I had unconsciously 
pleased my employer, and, moreover, it was 
not the only parcel of Orchids that I had the 
pleasure of buying for him. After directing 
me to take the plants to his house, with 
instructions to give them to the head 
gardener, I was to be sure to ask for some 
tea, which I heartily enjoyed, and to finish 
the day with a good look round the garden 
and houses. In pausing, I might say I 
distinctly remember the first lot of Orchids I 
bought for Mr. -—-, which comprised 
Cattleyas, Lelias, Dendrobiums and Odonto- 
glossum crispums. What a revelation it was 
for me to go through the Orchid houses, how 
I revelled in the heat of some of them, the 
wondrous beauty of the flowers, the colours, 
shapes and odd looking plants; I had never 
seen anything like them or even thought such 
plants existed. 

Of course, I eulogised my visit to my 
employer and related my joy at the privilege 
of seeing such wonderful things. After that 


March, 1915. | AN Seale? COMRK OT WUD) 


Orchids became a mutual topic between us, 
not forgetting, of course, my position to him 
as a servant. His kindly nature was always 
ready to give others pleasure in the hobby, 
which at that period was only possible to 
those who possessed the means. Often, in 
after years, he came into my office and called 
out “Orchid,” for that was the nickname he 
eave me, “how does your work. stand ?” 
“So-and-so, sir.” “Oh, well, let Mr. —— 
finish that, put on your hat and coat, and 
jump into my brougham, and we will have an 
hour or two in the garden. We were soon 
bowling along through Hyde Park westwards 
to the one spot I always had my eye on. 
Many hours of happy memory have I spent 
there. 

My thirst for more knowledge of Orchids 
increased, and Kew Gardens saw me a 
frequent visitor, where it was in the Orchid 
houses that I mostly found myself. As I 
knew, or thought, that growing these aristo- 
crats of the floral world would never come 
within my reach, I could at least read and 
learn about them. Accordingly, when means 
allowed it, I bought “ Willams’ Orchid 
Manual,” also “ Burbidge’s Cool Orchids and 
how to grow them,” books which stood me in 
good stead in after years. Orchids grew in 
my heart if they did not in my houses, but a 
consummation of my desire came sooner than 
ever I dreamt of. One day, when in the 
garden of Mr. ——, he said to me, “ Orchid, 
would you like to grow some of these plants ?” 
“T should indeed, sir, but that is more than I 
can ever expect to do.” “Well,” he said, 
“only look after them, and if anything turns 
up interesting let me know.” This latter 
event’ did to the satisfaction of us both, but 
of this later on. 

A few days afterwards, it seemed weeks, I 
began to think the matter was forzotten, my 
patience being almost -exhausted at not 
receiving the plants. However, along they 
came in due course. My delight was 
unbounded, to be the actual possessor of a 
collection of Orchids. There were about one 
hundred plants of all sorts, Cattleyas, Leelias, 
Dendrobiums, Oncidiums, Cypripediums (a 
good few), and various other kinds. Rest that 


WORLD. 7 


137 


night was rather limited, my only thoughts 
being for my plants. I was fortunate in 
having a fairly good-sized house, a home- 
made structure, which took many months to 
complete. A division was soon made _ to 
accommodate those varieties requiring more 
heat than others. Staging the plants in their 
various positions was soon accomplished, and 
when finished they certainly looked charming 
with a few good-sized ferns arranged with 
them. The means of heating the two divisions 
had already been given me, so there was no 
anxiety on that score. The means whereby 
to obtain the necessary atmospheric moisture 
were soon applied in various ways, having 
noticed the methods used in another collection, 
especially the double staging, which was 
copied as nearly as possible. 

My plants flourished to a certain extent and 
gave a great deal of pleasure, considering the 
limited time available to attend to their wants, 
but nevertheless I had some very satisfying 
results. [I well remember a_ specimen 
Dendrobium nobile, in a very large pot, with 
many growths, which flowered more by good 
luck than cultural judgment. However, the 
treatment suited it and one Spring gave me in 
return 200 blooms; it was a fine sight and 
the admiration of all who saw it. I never had 
near so many blooms afterwards. Another 
Orchid that flowered well in the early eighties 
was Oncidium leucochilum, which threw up a 
spike with several side branches and bearing 
over 50 blooms. It was magnificent and, to 
my mind, a lovely thing, not to be despised 
even in these days of hybrids. How is it we 
do not see much of this Orchid now? I was 
very proud of this plant for the following 
reason :—TI had been exhibiting for a year or 
two at the annual shows of the Surrey 
Floricultural Society, now extinct. The usual 
run of greenhouse plants, viz., coleus, fuchsias, 
double petunias, tuberous begonias, etc., were 
great favourites, and perhaps I may be 
pardoned for stating that defeat never came 
to me in the latter class for over ten years. 
Well, this Oncidium was in the pink of 
perfection at show time, consequently it was 
staged as a specimen plant in bloom. Needless 


to say, I pulled off the first prize. It was 


138 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


pleasing to hear the praise and wonderment 
bestowed on this plant, for Orchids in those 
days were few and far between at local shows. 
I fancy, too, I can hear now a remark made 
by a doubting spectator: “I don’t believe an 
amateur grew that, it wants a long purse and 
hothouses to grow those things.” But you see 
he did not know the circumstances. 

Time went on with varying success and 
failure; some of my Orchids puzzled me a 
good deal, and do all my little knowledge 
allowed a few of them would never respond 
to their treatment, particularly Leela fur- 
furnacea, an obstinate subject—it not only 
refused to go forward, but was persistent in 
its retrograde movement until it died. 
Miltonia spectabilis troubled me a lot, it 
always looked a sickly yellow, partly charac- 
teristic of the species especially 1f grown in a 
strong light, which I learnt afterwards was 
the chief cause of its yellowish appearance. 
This plant never flowered with me. Muiltonia 
Reezlii I succeeded with, also Lycaste 
Skinneri, Odontoglossum  cirrhosum, =O. 
gloriosum, and the ever beautiful O. crispum, 
not the true Pacho type though, but forms 
one would scarcely look at now, still, they 
satisfied me then. Cypripediums were a 
delight, so easy to grow and so beautiful in 
their bloom, especialiy the old insigne, of 
which I had a good specimen. 

One Cypripedium in my collection inter- 
ested me very much on account of its beautiful 
foliage, it was a very small plant in a 60-pot. 
At that time I thought the flowers would not 
be of much importance, the deficiency being 
made up by the leaf variegation, much after 
the style of a coleus. The plant had been 
growing for about a couple of years when one 
day, while looking over my pets, I noticed a 
thickening in the heart of a growth. Hullo! 
I remarked, that looks like a flower coming, 
so that plant received a little more attention 
than usual. An interval of two weeks 
confirmed my suspicion, it was indeed a flower 
coming, but, my word! I thought the stem 
would never cease growing, but “all things 
come to him who will but wait,” at least, so 
we are taught, and in the plant’s own time 
the bloom developed on top of a stem about 


[March, 1915. 


15 inches in height, much about the length of 
C. tonsum. Not having seen a flower like it 
I looked up the subject and diagnosed it as 
C. Argus, which turned out correct. I took 
the plant up to show my employer, who was 
delighted when told it was probably C. Argus. 
That plant went back there and then to its 
original home, for it turned out to be the only 
one of its kind in that collection. I never 
regretted giving it up, for the loss of the plant 
to me was more than compensated for, and 
then I knew how delighted Mr. ——— was to 
possess something new to him. 

Happy years followed and my love for 
Orchids never waxed cold, but rather 
increased, the more I knew about them. I 
well remember a visit to one of the summer 
shows of the Royal Botanic Society, held in 
their grounds at Regent’s Park. My wife 
accompanied me to what was to us a revela- 
tion. I had never been to a first-class show 
before, and the sight presented has never 
faded from my mind. My employer exhibited 
an undulating bank of Muiultonia vexillaria, 
then known as Odontoglossum vexillarrum, 
arranged on a grassy slope in quite a natural 
manner; there must have been a couple of 
hundred blooms of varying shades peculiar to 
this. 'species,.”...1, ‘recollect si Ro themeane 
Duchess of Teck, mother of our gracious 
Queen Mary, viewing with admiration this 
exhibit, for no doubt it was one of the features 
of the show. It was good, also, to see the 
beam of pleasure on my employer's face. 
These plants were beautifully grown, some 
being specimen plants. They always attracted 
my attention in the house they were grown 
by their pleasant silvery-grey foliage. If I 
remember right, Miltonia vexillaria was rather 
expensive in those days and much sought 
after. Doubtless there may be some readers 
who can call to mind the occasion. 

Referring to my little collection. After a 
time I tried my hand at seed production, and 
recollect fertilisnmg Dendrobium nobile with 
its own pollen, which resulted in a fine pod of 
seed, but I cannot recall what become of it. 
Cypripediums then came under my operations, 
and one plant in particular produced a fine 
fat pod with abundance of seed. Not having 


March, 1915.] THE ORCHID 


the requisite knowledge in raising Orchids 
from seed I took the pod to a well-known 
collection in those days, situated in Flodden 
Road, Camberwell. The grower told me the 
seed was good and promised to raise some 
plants, in which I hope he was successful, but 
it is now some 25 years ago. The owner of 
the collection was very kind in showing me 
the Cypripedium house, of which a speciality 
was made; the plants were some of the finest 
I had seen, the collection being particularly 
rich in the tessellated foliage section, which 
impressed me very much. 

Harking back, I remember being sent 
occasionally to the principal establishments 
then existing, viz. Messrs. Veitch’s, Bull’s, 
Williams’ and Rollisson’s, where I usually 
managed to obtain a sort of private view, more 
or less. Wondrous plants they were to me at 
that time.—H. A. Farmer, Tunbridge Wells. 


SEED RAISING FOR AMATEURS. 


a few hybrid Orchids, and although _ 


N EARLY every amateur desires to raise 


some measure of disappointment 
may be received when the more difficult 
genera are taken in hand, there is no apparent 
reason why encouraging results should not be 
procured with one or more of the easier kinds. 
There is always a certain amount of interest 
attached to home-raised plants, which does 
not arise when they are purchased in a fully 
grown condition. Moreover, there is the 
charm of using favourite varieties as parents, 
with the hope that some, at least, of their 
fascinating characteristics may be perpetuated 
in the offspring. If success 1s at first obtained 
in a small manner further practice will 
doubtless ensure better results, although it 
must always be remembered that some genera 
are much more difficult to manage than others, 
so it is as well to commence with one that is 
most likely to bring success to our efforts and 
thereby encourage us to proceed further with 
the work. The old saying that nothing 
succeeds like success is very true when 
applied to the art of seed raising. The 


WORLD. 139 


following remarks may prove of value to those 
about to start this interesting work :— 


Cypripedium Sceds 
(considerably enlarged). 


Selenipedium Seeds 
(considerably enlarged). 


Cypripediums have generally proved to be 
the easiest to handle, and they form good 
subjects upon which to make experiments, for 
not only are they to be obtained at a 
reasonable price, but they reach the flowering 
stage at a period of about three years, which 
is a short time when compared with many 
other genera. There is no class of Orchid 
that has been so fully worked upon by the 
hybridist, which indicates that success is by 
no means difficult to obtain, and that the 
results are of a satisfactory nature. 

The oldest method, and, indeed, one by 
which the great majority of plants has been 
raised, consists of sowing the ripe seed on the 
surface of the compost in which a healthy and 
vigorous plant is growing. Now it is not 
every pot that will yield successful results, 
much depends on the condition of the 
compost, for if it has been in use some time 
and has a sour appearance it is worthless for 
our purpose. A good seed-raiser will select a 
pot that contains compost of a clean and 
reasonably moist condition; nothing in the 


140 JHE ORCHID WORLD. 


way of a non-porous or slimy surface can ever 
be expected to bring about success. Speaking 
generally, a plant that has been repotted 
about two or three months and which has a 
certain amount of life still left in the 
sphagnum moss of its compost forms a 
suitable subject upon which to sow the seed. 
The rough surface should be trimmed with 
scissors in order that a level and uniformly 
moist material may be obtained. Too much 
living sphagnum moss may smother the 
germinating seeds. 

Cypripedium seed, like that of many other 
genera, is extremely light and easily blown 
away, so a still atmosphere is needed when 
sowing is in progress. After a few hours the 
seeds will have absorbed sufficient moisture to 
cause them to adhere to minute fragments of 
the compost, which can be proved by the use 
of a magnifying glass. In order to secure the 
most favourable results the pots should be 
placed in the warmest portion of the house, if 
possible in a frame-like structure covered with 
a sheet of glass to prevent too extensive a 
change in the atmosphere; any conditions 
likely to rapidly dry the germinating seeds 
may prove fatal in the course of a few hours. 
The amount of moisture and _ nutritive 
material in a single seed is extremely minute, 
and if, when germination has once started, a 
severe check is received it is but rarely that 
any further progress can be effected. We 
may compare these seeds to a sitting of hen’s 
eggs, each one of which is supplied with 
sufficient nutriment to ensure the complete 
development of a living chick, but should the 
mother hen neglect her duty by leaving the 


[March, 1915. 


Development of Cypripedium seedlings from 3—12 months. 


nest for a period sufficient to permanently 
arrest the development of the embryo then no 
known skill can ever replace the former 
condition of life. Thus we can understand 
how necessary it 1s to ensure a continuation 
of atmospheric conditions suitable to the 
minute speck of life situated in a germinating 
seed. Sometunes, when the seed has been 
sown about two or three weeks, the attendant 
may ruin his prospect of success by uncon- 
sciously allowing the seeds to remain for a 
few hours in an atmosphere that is sufficiently 
hot and dry to fatally injure such a minute 
particle of life, yet he continues for several 
ensuing weeks to devote the closest attention, 
and only gives up when he has satisfied 
himself that the art of seed raising is far 
beyond his skiil and knowledge of the subject. 

Now one can easily understand that if the 
atmosphere is kept in a condition of moisture 
nearing the saturation point but very little 
watering will be required. Such a condition 
is rarely obtained, nor, as a matter of fact, 
should it be attempted, for fear of producing 
an unhealthy and slimy condition of the 
compost. A very light spraying of tepid rain 
water, applied by means of a scent-spraying 
bottle, is necessary whenever the surface 
shows the slightest sign of becoming dry. 
On some days this will not be required, while 
on others two or three applications may be 
needed. Whenever the whole compost 
requires watering it will be found much the 
better plan to dip the pot in a pail of water, 
only allowing the water to reach half way up 
the pot, the remainder will become damp by 
absorption. 


March, 1915. ] tae ORCHID WORLD: 141 


Cypripedium Seedling, about 18 months old. 


me: necessity for-fungus'- to. ensure 
germination is too advanced a subject to be 
considered in these elementary notes, nor is 
it, perhaps, worth consideration when an 
amateur requires only a few dozen plants in 
all, which are obtainable from a mere fraction 
of the immense number of seeds contained in 
a pod. However, we may safely assume that 
out of six pots selected for our purpose of 
seed sowing three, at least, will be furnished 
with any necessary fungus, so there 1s little to 
be feared in this respect, for 1f only one pot 
yields a crop an ample supply of seedlings 
will be produced. 

Supposing every care has been taken in the 
aforementioned details the freshly sown seed 
will soon assume a greenish and_ swollen 
appearance. After a few weeks the first 
visible signs of a green leaf will show that 
success is being achieved, and, should all go 
well, root hairs, followed by real roots, will 
appear from the base of the tiny plant. At 
this stage the young seedlings may be 
pricked off singly into little pots, or several 
may be placed in a pan or pot, but whichever 
is used ample drainage material must be 
employed, and care be taken that the compost 
is light and fibrous. With a genial atmosphere 
rapid growth is made, and frequent attention 
will be found necessary to ensure a sufficiency 
of nutritive rooting material. 

Another method of germinating the seeds, 
and one which is carried out on a more up-to- 
date principle, consists of selecting a suitable 
pan, say, one of 4 inches in diameter, and 


after about 1 inch of drainage material has 
been placed in the bottom, filling it with 
sphagnum moss or light and porous compost. 
A piece of thin linen, cheese-cloth or tiffany, 
slightly larger than the pan, is laid on the top 
and the edge pressed down between the inner 
side of the pan and the compost, using a 
potting stick, or similar tool, for the purpose. 
The whole mass is then pressed down until a 
space of about 1 inch is left below the rim of 
the pan. Some living sphagnum moss is now 
selected, preferably from the pot in which a 
vigorous Cypripedium is growing, and after 
being cut up in small pieces, or rubbed 
through a riddle, is placed on the top of the 
linen material and carefully pressed down ; 
the depth of this layer should not exceed a 
quarter of an inch, nor is it necessary to place 
it on the central area. The finished seed-pan 
will now have the appearance of a green bed 
of fine moss, with a central patch of bare 
linen material about 1 inch in diameter. The 
prepared seed-pans should receive a supply of 
rain-water, and be left a few days to drain, 
after which the seed is sown on the surface 
and the whole covered with a sheet of glass 
resting on the rim of the pan. If all goes 
well a good crop of seedlings will be visible 
in a few weeks, the large majority appearing 
not on the central area but on the surrounding 
sphagnum moss. 


Perhaps one of the chief causes of failure 
may be traced to insufficient heat, the higher 
the temperature, with its corresponding 
increase of atmospheric moisture, the better 
the result. There are, of course, some species 
of Cypripedium that are accustomed to quite 
a low temperature, and these will probably 
give good germinative results when similarly 
treated, while there are others that inhabit 
districts noted for their great heat, and which 
must therefore be treated accordingly. But 
in all cases the best results are obtained when 
a high temperature is maintained, something 
about 65 degrees Fahr., although 75 degrees 
is still better. The secret of successful work 
is to get the seedlings up as quickly as 
possible, and thus shorten, as much as we can, 
the period when they are most susceptible to 
disease and sudden arrest of development 


142 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


ROYAL HORTIGULTURA 

SOCIETY 
February 2nd, 1915. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir 
Harry J. Veitch, Mr. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), 
de B. Crawshay, W. Bolton, S. W. Flory, W. 
H. White, A. Dye, W. P. Bound, J. E. Shull, 
W. H. Hatcher, J.. Cypher, W: Cobb, T. 
Armstrong, F. J. Hanbury, Stuart Low, Pantia 
Ralli, Gurney Wilson, J. Charlesworth and 
R. A. Rolfe. 


AWARD OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Triane alba Queen Elizabeth, 
from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, 
Pembury.—One of the best of the pure white 
forms of this species, the broad segments 
being of good substance, the labellum well 
developed and with a crimped margin. 


GENERAL EXHIBITS. 


J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., exhibited the new 
Odontioda Vivid (C. Noezliana x O. illustris- 
simum) of rich red colour, Odontioda Joan, 
with red markings on a yellow ground, and 
S.-L.-C. Sybil, a pleasing variety of dark 
crimson colour. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, Englefield Green, 
showed a fine spike of Cymbidium Pauwelsu, 
with 22 large flowers, and Cattleya Triane 
The Baron, a splendid variety with white 
segments, the lip slightly tinged with rose. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
exhibited Odontoglossum amandens “ Queen 
of Spain,” of rich yellow blotched with 
chocolate-red. 

Richard Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, 
showed a well-cultivated plant of Odonto- 
glossum Cervantes decorum, with a spike of 
6 flowers. This is one of the best varieties. 
A plant under the same name received a 
F.C.C,, (R- ES. February a4thy 1s77- 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for a meritorious exhibit, containing Cattleya 
Enid, with a spike of 4 large flowers, the rare 


[March, 1915. 


Neomoorea irrorata, Cymbidium insigne, with 
8 spikes, Lelio-Cattleya Bella alba, with a 
spike of 6 flowers, Cattleya Triana “ Admiral 
Beatty,” and C. Enid “Firmin Lambeau” 
with white sepals and petals and slight rose 
colour on the lip. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, secured a Silver Flora Medal for an 
extensive group, in which were many fine 
forms of Cattleya Maggie Raphael alba, 
various Odontoglossum hybrids, including 
Royal Purple and Conqueror, Cypripediums 
Minos Youngu, Maudie, Iona and Juno, 
F.C.C. var., also Cattleya Clifton alba, and 
good Brasso-Cattleyas, as well as Miltonia St. 
André. 


Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
exhibit of interesting species and hybrids, 
the best being Brasso-Cattleya sulphurea, 
Odontonia McNabiana magnifica, with a 
many-flowered spike, Cymbidium Gottianum, 
the curious Masdevallia trinzema, Epidendrum 
polybulbon, Gomesa planifolia, with greenish- 
yellow flowers, and a good selection of 
Cypripediums. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
excellent exhibit of Cypripediums, including 
a specially fine form of Maudie. Other 
Orchids included Calanthes in variety, 
Cymbidium Gottianum, Angraecum eburneum, 
and Lela anceps Hillii. 


Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
well arranged group, in which were many 
excellent Cymbidium hybrids, including 
Wiganianum, Schlegelii, and Alexander, 
Cattleya chocoensis alba, a dark red form of 
Oncidioda Cooksonie, and an_ excellent 
variety of Lelia anceps Schrédere. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
Sussex, were awarded a Silver Banksian 
Medal for a group containing many distinct 
forms of Lelia anceps, Odontoglossum 
Vuylstekei vivicans, O. McNabianum, Lelio- 
Cattleya Myrrha, L.-C. Doris, as well as 
Brasso-Cattleya Sanderi and B.-C. Digbyano- 
Mendelu. 


March, 1915. } THE ORCHID! WORLD. 143 


Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, showed 
Brasso-Cattleya Menda, a fine white flower of 
good shape, and an Odontioda of unknown 
parentage, but having the red centre margined 
with a broad band of rose-purple. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, exhibited 
Lelio-Cattleya luminosa Langley var., with 
rich coppery-red sepals and petals and 
crimson-purple lip; the new Odontioda 
Simone (Oda. Bradshawie x Od. Vuylsteke1), 
with chocolate-red markings on a_ yellow 
ground. Cuirrhopetalum picturatum Langley 
var., a fine form, was also shown. 


February 10th, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. James O’Brien (hon. sec.), de B. 
Crawshay, Stuart Low, Gurney Wilson, F. J. 
Hanbury, Pantia Ralli, R. G. Thwaites, R. A. 
Rolfe, W. Cobb, J. Cypher, H. G. Alexander, 
Wels Hatcher; J. E. Shill S.-W... Flory, W. 
Bolton, A. McBean, J. Charlesworth, C. H. 
Curtis and J. Wilson Potter 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum sandhurstiense (coronarium 
x Edwardii), from C. J. Phillips, Esq., The 
Glebe, Sevenoaks.—A very interesting hybrid, 
with a horizontal spike of 11 dark crimson-red 
flowers, in form closely resembling the 
coronarium parent. 

Cymbidium Schlegelii Fowler's var. Gnsigne 
x Wiganianum), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., 
Pembury.—The plant carried an erect spike 
of large flowers tinged with rose-purple, the 
broad labellum much spotted. 

Odontioda Patricia (Odm. Phoebe x Oda. 
Charlesworthi), from Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co.—A very beautiful result, in which the 
flowers are of an intense crimson-red colour. 


GENERAL EXHIBITS. 


Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
Surrey, was awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for an attractive group of specially fine 


Cymbidiums, including Woodhamsianum 
(eburneo-Lowianum x Lowianum concolor), 
Queen of Gatton (Lady Colman x Sander), 
and excellent plants of grandiflorum. A good 
specimen of Anguloa Cliftonii was also shown. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for a well-arranged exhibit of Odontoglossum 
hybrids, of which Dora and eximium were 
the best; also the rare Coelogyne sparsa, 
Brasso-Cattleya Clftonu, Odontioda Made- 
line, various Cymbidiums, and several varieties 
of Cattleya Octave Doin. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
interesting group, in which were good forms 
of Cattleya Trane, Lelio-Cattleya Mauri- 
tania, the pretty Saccolabium bellinum, the 


sweet-smelling Dendrochilum glumaceum, 
excellent Cypripediums and _ Phalenopsis 
Stuartiana. 


Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
Sussex, secured a Silver Banksian Medal for 
a selection of Cattleyas, including Octave 
Doin, Triane and Percivaliana alba. Oncidioda 
Cooksoniz, of rich red colour, Cymbidium 
hybrids, Laelio-Cattleyas luminosa and Doris 
in variety, and a fine specimen of Lelia 
anceps. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for 
an attractive exhibit of Lelia anceps, the 
varieties Hilliana and Schroderiana being 
specially good; also Cymbidium Alexanderi 
and C. Schlegelu, various Odontiodas and the 
new Sophro-Cattleya Andromeda. 

C. J. Philips, Esq., Sevenoaks, exhibited 
Cattleya Triane “Lord Kitchener,’ one of 
the finest varieties yet seen, the flower being 
of perfect shape and thick substance. 

Pantia Ralh, Esq., Ashtead Park, showed 
the choice Brasso-Cattleya Menda, which has 
previously received a First-class Certificate, 
also Odontoglossum crispo-Wiganianum var. 
Buttercup, of rich yellow with a few reddish 
spots. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury, exhibited 
Cypripedium Ernest Read, a large flower with 
broad and flat segments. 


144 THE 


Baron Bruno Schréder, Englefield Green, 
exhibited flowers of Cattleya Triane The 
Premier and Mooreana. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., staged Cattleya 
Trianz albida, with white sepals and petals, 
the lip flushed with rose; also Sophro- 
Cattleya Cleopatra. 

Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, Rawdon, 
exhibited Odontioda Joan (Odm. ardentis- 
simum x Oda. Charlesworthu), with bright red 
flowers, the lip freckled with rose. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


January 21st, I1QI5. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (Gn the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. J. Bolton, J. C. 
Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans,- J. Howes; 
A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, C. Parker, W. 
Shackleton, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, and H. 
Arthur (Secretary). 

Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq. Newchurch; and Wm. 
Thompson, Esq. Walton Grange, for 
excellent groups. 

Silver Medals were granted to Col. J. 
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn; F. A. Hindley, 
Esq., Bradford; Messrs. Cypher and Sons, 
Cheltenham; Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, 
Bradford; and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans; Mr. 
J. Evans, Lymm; and O. O. Wrigley, Esq., 
also exhibited various Orchids. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum Nerissa (nzevium x crispum), 
Cypripedium Mrs. Arkle, C. Hera var. 
Rex, and L.-C. waltonensis, all from Wm. 
Thompson, Esq. 

Cypripedium Nobilior (insigne Harefield 
Hall x Beeckmanni), and Odontoglossum 
crispum Sir Trevor, both from R. Ashworth, 
Esq: 

Cypripedium Longford Hall  (ansigne 
Harefield Hall x alportense), from S. Gratrix, 
Esq. 


ORCHID 


WORLD. [March, 1915. 
Odontioda Schréderi aurea, from Mr. W. 
Shackleton. 
Cattleya Percivaliana “King of the 
Belgians,” from Mr. J. Evans. 


February 4th, 1915. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: Z. A. 
Ward, Esq. (Gn the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. J. Bolton, J. C. 
Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, Dr. 
Hartley, J. Howes, A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, 
D. Mcleod, -C.. Parker; day “ihora, ae: 
Weatherby and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; Large Silver 
Medals to Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton 
Grange; Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden ; Col. 
J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn; and Messrs. 
Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham. 

Silver Medals were awarded to Mrs. R. le 
Doux, West Derby; Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean, Cooksbridge; Messrs. Cypher and 
Sons, Cheltenham; and Messrs. Sander and 
Sons, St. Albans. A Bronze Medal was 
granted to F. A. Hindley, Esq., Bradford. 
Other exhibitors included O. O. Wrigley, 
Esq., Bury; Mrs. Armitage, Windermere ; 
Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford ; 
and Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum illustrissimum “ Sultan” 
and Od. eximium “Cairo,” both very fine 
flowers, from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Triane alba “Snowflake,” from 
Mrs. R. le Doux. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum Walton Ruby, Od. amabile 
Thompsonianum and Cypripedium aureum 
Hyeanum “ Thompson’s var.,” all from Wm. 
Thompson, Esq. 

Cypripedium Lord Fisher (Alcibiades 
superbum x chrysotoxum Victor), from Mrs. 
Armitage. 

Brasso-Cattleya Brenda “Ashlands_ var.,” 
from R. Ashworth, Esq. 


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EULOPHIELLA ELISABETH2.— On the intro- 
duction of this handsome species to European 
gardens, about the year 1893, one plant 
passed into the collection of Mr. J. Gurney 
Fowler, where, thanks to careful treatment, it 
has since remained in a good state of health, 
and vigorous enough to produce several 
spikes of flower. It 1s worthy of note that 
this Madagascan species is dedicated to 
Queen Elisabeth of Roumania. 


gy % 


CATTLEYA SCHRODER.—During the last 
few weeks many houses have been made gay 
by this free-flowering and delicate Cattleya, 
which is rendered all the more attractive by 
reason of its very pleasing perfume. Under 
the varietal name “Stone House variety” we 
have received a charming flower from Mr. H. 
Worsley, of Haslingden. The sepals and 
broad petals are pure white, the open labellum 
light rose, the central part bright orange. 


KES 


VES 
Xe 


MILTONIA HYE#@.—This interesting hybrid 
between M. Hyeana (vexillaria x Bleuana) 
and M. Phalaenopsis seems to have met with 
ill-luck, for notwithstanding the fact that the 
late M. Jules Hye exhibited a flowering plant 
at the R.H.S. Summer Show, Holland Park, 
July, 1913, there does not appear to be any 
correct record of it in the horticultural Press. 
The Society's entry book, however, proves 
that M. Hyee var. gracilis (M. Hyeana x M. 
Phalenopsis) was duly entered for adjudi- 
cation by the Orchid Committee, and the 
writer well remembers the plant, with its 
grass-like foliage, but the reports of the 


VO. V. 


exhibition erroneously give it as M. Hyeana 
gracilis. 


WANA NANA \ 
Ww wy 


yes 


y 


MILTONIA Hysrips.—Considering the 
interest that is at present being taken in 
Miltonias of the vexillaria section, it 1s not 
surprising to find hybridists endeavouring to 
bring forth new features. Of these, the 
enlargement of the blotch of colour on the 
labellum is an attractive point, and it is to be 
hoped by the use of M. Phalenopsis and M. 
vexillaria G. D. Owen that some beautiful 
results will be created. Crosses between 
these two plants have been effected in more 
than one trade establishment, but the 
seedlings are, unfortunately, particularly 
difficult to cultivate, only a small percentage 
showing any inclination to grow in a satis- 
factory manner. A small batch of this 
interesting cross has been raised by Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown, the tallest seedling 
being 34 inches high, and with the promise of 
making a healthy plant. 


DENDROBIUM NOBILE ALBUM.—The pure 
white form of this species, often spoken of as 
the virginale variety, is one of the specialities 
of Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, who raised 
a batch of it from seed, every plant proving a 
true albino. When the seedlings flowered 
there was a remarkable uniformity in the size 
and shape of the blooms, but there were 
three which stood out prominently on account 
of their large flowers of porcelain white and 
wax-like substance. These particular plants 
have varied from the normal type in a manner 
that is much appreciated, and no doubt if 
they were likewise used as parents the second 


19 


146 THE ORCHID 


generation would not only prove albinos but 
show an increased tendency to vary in the 
above described manner, and a further success 
could be recorded. 


STRAY SEEDLINGS—In all places where 
seed raising is carried on there are bound to 
be numerous cases of “stray seedlings,” their 
origin being oftentimes difficult to determine. 
In some instances the plants on flowering for 
the first time show considerable diversity 
from the main batch, so much so that the 
recorded parentage cannot be accepted, while 
others flower in pots from which the 
distinguishing label has been either lost or 
perhaps never used in the first pricking out 
from the seed-pan. However careful the 
cultivator may be he invariably gets a few of 
these strays, yet he can never quite discover 
the cause. A suggestion has been made 
recently that ants are responsible in many 
cases, for when collecting their food they 
carry away some of the seeds, and in doing so 
drop a few on adjoming pans which contain 
seed of different parentage. Hence the 
seedlings are grown on under the distin- 
guishing label of the latter batch, their 
identity remaining undiscovered until the 
flowering stage. 


CYPRIPEDIUM MAuUDI#.—The rapidity at 
which this hybrid can be increased by division 
is truly astonishing, and the following facts 
cannot fail to be of interest:—Just 84 years 
ago Mr. G. F. Moore, of Chardwar, Bourton- 
on-the-Water, received through the kindness 
of an Orchid friend a plant of C. Maudie, 
which has since been divided whenever 
opportunity presented itself, until, at the 
present time, no less than 434 plants exist. 
This figure would have been still higher had 
not several plants been presented on’ various 
occasions to friends. The stock will soon be 
once again repotted, when, if desired, it can 
easily be increased to 1,000 healthy pieces. 
Only a few months ago over 300 flowers were 


WORLD. [April, 1915. 
open at the same time, while 100 are now 
open, and many more will be produced 
throughout the coming summer. This state 
of almost perpetual flowering makes C. 
Maudiz one of the most beautiful and useful 
plants for decorative purposes, and it should 
prove a very profitable subject for those 
engaged in the cut-flower trade. Although 
this hybrid grows like a weed, Mr. G. F. 
Moore finds its two parents, callosum Sandere 
and Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, very difficult 
to cultivate successfully, which is somewhat 
remarkable. In the Chardwar collection the 
same back growths of C. Maudie have 
yielded young plants on three and four 
successive occasions, and even when a piece 
of the old plant carried but one leaf, and that 
in a yellow condition, healthy little plants 
have been produced. If there is a secret 
attached to the method of cultivation adopted 
at Chardwar it is to be found in the fact that 
C. Maudize dislikes too great a mass of 
compost. An examination of the plants will 
show that the roots are mainly surface ones, 
preferring to grow round the top of the pot, 
and rarely deeper than 14 inches. It is thus 
clear that any unneeded depth of compost is 
almost sure to become sour, with consequent 
damage to the health and vigour of the plant. 
There is apparently no reason why any 
amateur should not achieve equal success in 
the cultivation of this attractive Cypripedium, 
the principal points being the careful selection 
of a suitable pot and the correct amount of 
compost. 


PHALNOPSIS SUMATRANA ALBA—Mr. L. 
Schmid, of Sourabaya, Java, kindly sends two 
photographs of this interesting rarity which 
has flowered in his collection, the first time in 
November, 1913, and again in October, 1914. 
In an accompanying letter Mr. Schmid 
remarks :——“ As you will readily see from the 
photographs the blossoms are pure white, 
with the exception that on both sides of the 
lip there are three delicate wine-red stripes, 
whilst the side lobes present a light yellow 
appearance. Contrasting these with my other 


April, 1915. ] THE ORCHID 


plants of P. sumatrana, of which I possess 
four or five varieties, and for which Sourabaya 
does not seem a suitable habitat, the alba 
form seems to feel itself perfectly at home 
here, and the blossom is moreover fairly large. 
Later on I trust to be able to send you 
a photograph depicting my _ Phalanopsis 
violacea var. alba.” The original discoverer 
of P. sumatrana was the Dutch naturalist, Dr. 
Korthals, formerly at the head of the 
scientific staff commissioned to investigate the 
natural history of the Dutch possessions in 
the Malay Archipelago, who met with it in 
southern Sumatra some time prior to 1830. 
His sketch of it, preserved at Leyden, was all 
that-was known of it till it was re-discovered 
by Teijsman in 1859 along with P. violacea, 
in the Sumatrian province of Palembang, and 
sent by him to the Botanic garden attached 
to the University of Leyden, under the name 


P. zebrina, where it flowered for the first time ° 


in Europe in 1861, one plant only surviving 
the journey. It was introduced into England 
by Messrs. Low and Co. in 1864, and 
flowered for the first time in the collection of 
Mr. John Day, at Tottenham, who exhibited 
it at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
May 30th, 1865, and received a First-class 
Certificate. In 1881 it was detected by 
Curtis, at that time collecting for Messrs. 
Veitch in the Malay Archipelago, in the hot, 
damp forests of Palembang, growing on trees 
overhanging streams and_ water-courses, 
generally on the trunks and much shaded, 
sometimes associated with P. violacea. 


bSS 


SARCOCHILUS BERKELEYI—The genus 
Sarcochilus as reconstituted by Bentham in 
the Genera Plantarum includes about thirty 
species, many of which had been previously 
distributed among several genera, the 
founders of these relying chiefly upon 
the form of the labellum and the habit of 
the plant, which vary from species to species ; 
but the discovery of other species modifying 
the value ‘of these characters suggested the 
propriety of uniting them all under one genus. 
The species now included in Sarcochilus are 
spread over India, Malaysia, Australia, and 


WORLD. 147 


Sarcochilus Berkeleyi. 


the islands in the South Pacific Ocean. The 
generic name signifies fleshy-lip. S. Berkeleyi 
was discovered by Maj.-Gen. E. S. Berkeley 
in several islands in the Malay Archipelago. 
The flowers are creamy-white with a purple 
stain on the labellum. 


SARCOCHILUS FITZGERALDI.— This species 
is dedicated to Robert Fitzgerald, of Sydney, 
a well-known authority on Australian Orchids, 
who gives the following account :—“It was 
discovered by myself in a deep gorge of the 
mountains at the head of the Billinger river, 
associated with a strangely proliferous form 
of Dendrobium Kingianum and clumps of 
Liparis reflexa. It is found within the spray 
of the Naroo Falls and the surrounding 


148 THE ORCHID 


‘Sarcochilus Fitzgeraldi. 


streams, in masses, clinging to the dripping 
rocks and covering the black basalt with its 
green roots that stretch for yards over the 
smooth surface.” The flowers are white, 
densely spotted with rose-purple towards the 
base. 


CYPRIPEDIUMS.—In a recent issue of 
FHforticulture, U.S.A., Mr. M. J. Oope writes : 
—“For the commercial grower there is in my 
estimation no better variety than the old and 
reliable Cypripedium insigne in its various 
forms. C. villosum and C. Boxalli are other 
good free-flowering species. I have about 
two dozen plants of C. insigne which for over 
ten years have annually produced about 400 
flowers, this winter over 450; one plant alone 
bore 37 flowers. There are few other 
Cypripediums that will do that. C. villosum 
and C. Boxalli are occasionally very free 
flowering, but I find when a plant of these 
goes to extremes one season it will not flower 


WORLD. [April, 1915. 


nearly so well for several seasons thereafter. 
Once I had a plant of C. villosum in a 12-inch 
pot that produced 65 flowers, the most I ever 
had on one plant of any variety. Cypripedium 
Spicerianum, although good, is too short in 
the stem, but united with the foregoing 
species it has given us hybrids of first-class 
quality in their various combinations. The 
many forms of C. Leeanum, C. Lathamianum, 
and C. aureum, etc. are all good in colour 
and free flowering. This last point is all 
important to the commercial grower who 
grows for the wholesale market or his own 
retail trade. Most of the fancy, choice 
Cypripediums one finds in private collections 
are too shy-blooming and slow-growing to be 
profitable, and, moreover, the difference in 
price between good free flowering Cypri- 
pediums and the fancy varieties is very great 
when one buys plants and very small when 
one sells the flowers.” 


CYPRIPEDIUMS ALCIBIADES 
AND DESDEMONA. 


Boxalli insigne 


| . 
Leeanum Mons. de Curte 
| | 


Spicerianum  insigne 


Alcibiades ‘ Mrs. Cary Batten. 
| 


Desdemona. 


ROM the collection of Mr. Philip Smith, 

F Haddon House, Ashton-on-Mersey, 
we have received excellent flowers of 
Cypripedium Alcibiades var. Illustrious and 
C. Desdemona Haddon House var. The 
former is acknowledged to be the finest form 
of Alcibiades, and from the above plan it can 
easily be seen how the breadth of the dorsal 
sepal is mainly due to the influence of 
Spicerianum, for neither insigne nor Boxalli 
are endowed with much of this esteemed 
character. The ventral sepal is almost equally 
developed, a very unusual event, and one, 


April, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 149 


Cypripedium Desdemona, Haddon House variety. 


indeed, which might be turned to advantage 
in future generations derived from this variety. 
The lateral petals are formed in horizontal 
fashion, and, in company with the labellum, 
are yellowish, tinged with reddish-purple. 
This flower has remained fresh for a period 
of two months, during which time it has been 
admired by many lovers of the genus, who 
considered it an exceptionally fine example. 

Respecting the second flower, Cypripedium 
Desdemona Haddon House var., of which we 
give an illustration, it is worthy of note that 
it received a First-class Certificate, Man- 
chester Orchid Society, February 18th, 1915. 
Although derived from Alcibiades it was not 
the variety Illustrious that was used, but one 
bearing a close resemblance to it. The other 
parent is C. Mrs. Cary Batten, of which an 


VOL. V 


illustration appeared in the ORCHID WORLD, 
Vol lj. page * 150. In our reproduced 
photograph of the Haddon House variety of 
Desdemona the characteristics of the parental 
C. Spicenanum 
gives width and flatness to the dorsal sepal, 


species are plainly visible. 


and is also responsible for the broad, white 
margin; C. insigne adds many of the large 
spots and blotches; while Boxalli yields the 
blackish markings arranged in vertical style 
on the central portion. The broad sepals as 
well as the labellum partake very much of 
those often seen in villosum and its near 
relation Boxalli. 

Both the above described flowers have 
been cultivated in the Haddon House 
collection by Mr. E. W. Thompson, to whom 
considerable credit is due. 


150 THE ORCHID 


FLOWERS IN SEASON. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM HERCULANEUM.—One 
of the finest hybrid Odontoglossums it has 
been our pleasure to see is sent 
by Mr. Richd. Ashworth, of 
Newchurch. Although recorded 
as Herculaneum (Eee 
M.O.S.), it no doubt belongs to 
the eximium section, and was 
evidently produced by crossing 
a fine ardentissimum with a 
crispum of the good old Pacho 
type. The clear white flower is 
of perfect form, the total width 
being 34 inches, the petals 1} 
wide, each segment having a 
large crimson-purple _ blotch. 
There is strong evidence of 
Pescatorei in formation of the 
labellum and in the shape of 
the petals. 

CAT TIVES LA EWP RE Ss 
FREDERICK.—Mr. H. G. Cros- 
ley sends from the collection of 
H.S.H. Princess of Monaco, La 
Ferté-Bernard, France, a five- 
flowered spike of this beautiful 
hybrid between C. aurea and 
C. Mossiz. Not only is this 
of interest on account of the unusual 
number of flowers, but the variety is 
one in which the gold veining on the 
labellum of both species blends in a most 
effective manner, making a striking contrast 
to the bright rose-purple colour of the other 
segments. The yellow pigment of C. aurea 
generally brightens up the purple colour of 
other species used in conjunction with it, of 
which the above instance, as well as C. Fabia 
and C. Hardyana, are well-known examples. 
When Cattleyas are cultivated to the high 
state of perfection shown by the inflorescence 
sent by Mr. Crosley, they prove a source of 
extreme pleasure to both the owner and 
admiring visitor. 

SOPHROCATTLALIA SUNLOCH. — An 
extremely beautiful variety of this hybrid has 
flowered in the Westonbirt collection, the 
flower of which has been sent to us by Mr. 


Bardehran— 


WORLD. [April, 1915. 


H. G. Alexander. It is of an artistic colour 
rarely seen, being bright terra-cotta, over 
which is a suffusion of rose-scarlet ; the apex 
of the labellum is crimson, while the throat is 


Odontoglossum Herculaneum. Gardener's Chronicle. 
rich orange. The parentage is S.-C.-L. 
Dane (C. Harrisoniana x S.-L. Orpetii) x 
L.-C. Goldfinch (L.-C. warnhamensis x C. 
aurea). 

ODONTOGLOSSUM ASPERSUM.—From Mr. 
Wm. Thompson’s collection we have received 
through Mr. J. Howes a well-grown six- 
flowered spike of this natural hybrid between 
Rossii and maculatum. The brown spotting 
on the sepals, the yellowish petals, the rose 
column, and the white labellum with its 
yellow crest make up a very pretty subject. 
Flowers of the new maculum (maculatum x 
aspersum), as well as O. Cervantes decorum, 
make a representative selection of Mexican 
Odontoglossums, while another novelty, also 
described under “ New Hybrids,” is Oncidioda 
waltonensis. Flowers of Odontioda Euterpe 
(O. Uro-Skinneri x C. Noezliana), a difficult 
plant to cultivate, and Od. illustrissimum var. 


April, 1915.] THE ORCHID 


W. L. Evans are also sent; the latter is 
richly coloured, and on that account gained 
an A.M., M.O.S., March 4th, 1915. 

CYPRIPEDIUM MAuURICE.—A_ photograph 
of this attractive hybrid has been kindly sent 
by Mr. Alf. J. Paine, Athenlay, Wanstead, 
who has, unfortunately, no record of its 
parentage. The dorsal sepal as well as the 
lateral petals are well developed, giving the 
flower a chubby appearance. C. villosum is 
evidently contained in its history, and it is 
just the kind of flower one would expect from 
the use of nitens Gnsigne x villosum) and 
aureum (nitens x Spicerianum). However, the 
doubt surrounding its parentage in no way 
detracts from its meritorious nature. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM HARVENGTENSE. — In 
the early days this hybrid between triumphans 
and crispum was only known as a natural one, 
which appeared occasionally in importations ; 
for some time it was recognised under the 
name loochristiense. At the request of Mr. 
H. F. Goodson, of Fairlawn, Putney, Mr. Geo. 
E. Day sends an excellent variety which has 
been raised by the use of triumphans and 
crispum Lily Bourdas, the flower showing an 
unusual amount of reddish-brown blotching. 
From the same source comes a richly blotched 
form of Od. crispum, obtained by crossing 
two specially fine varieties, the flower giving 
promise of further improvement as the plant 
gains in strength. 

CYMBIDIUM ALEXANDERI AUREUM.—A 
flower of this distinct variety comes from Mr. 
F. J. Hanbury, of Brockhurst, East Grinstead. 
The sepals and petals are rose tinted, but the 
labellum is yellowish, both inside and out, the 
front lobe having a few red spots. The under 
part of the column is yellowish, the upper 
part deep rose. A good variety of Cymbidium 
Lowio-grandiflorum also comes from the same 
collection. 

ODONTOGLOSSUMS.—_From Mr. C.J. 
Lucas, Warnham Court, Sussex, has arrived 
an interesting series of Odontoglossum 
hybrids, the best being exultans (crispum x 
excellens), the new Crispothell and Excelator, 
both promising flowers, Fairlawn (Edwardii x 
Wilckeanum) of varying shades of red-purple, 
and Doris (crispum x Ossulstonii). 


WORLD. 151 


EARLY REMINISCENCES OF 
ORCHID GROWING. 


(Continued from page 139). 


[is and events march along hand-in- 


hand with all of us, upon some they 

fall lightly and in varying degrees 
upon others. Circumstances unforeseen 
cropped up and I disposed of my collection, 
much to my regret, but I made a resolve that 
I would resume my hobby at the first 
opportunity. Several years elapsed before 
this occurred, and which came about through 
an advertisement in a gardening journal 
offering surplus plants for sale. I did not 
trouble much about it at the time, except to 
write for particulars, which, when forthcoming, 
seemed too good to be true, but it was 
perfectly genuine | afterwards found. 

A week or more passed, and this 
opportunity kept impressing itself and 
perplexed me somewhat. At last | made up 
my mind to visit the place and see what was 
going. It was a large establishment in the 
suburbs of London, containing a_ good 
collection. On seeing the plants decision was 
prompt and I selected five dozen, which cost 
me less than 41, and some of them large 
plants. Impossible, some may say, but there 
it is; these are facts. This event occurred 
about eight years ago when residing in 
London. I have some of these plants now, 
but not all, for on leaving London I disposed 
of most of my collection, bringing away with 
me about one hundred of the choicest. Being 
enthusiastic over renewing my _ favourite 
pastime, it was not long before considerable 
additions were made from time to time to the 
original five dozen, until the collection totalled 
over 300 plants. My expenditure was never 
more than I felt justified in, and, of course, 
as cheap lines came along so the opportunity 
was accepted. One characteristic stands out 
prominently, and that is, the remarkable 
improvement in the vigour of my plants since 
residing in Tunbridge Wells, the purer 
atmosphere and light going far towards this 
result ; but, nevertheless, this need not deter 


152 THE ORCHID WORLD 


amateurs under conditions far less favourable, 
for it is really wonderful what has and still 
is being done by our ardent Orchid growers 
under similar circumstances. I maintain that 
no class of plants give a better return for the 
love and care given than Orchids, the interest 
is progressive and perpetual in a sense, once 
the culture (not with a k, please) is grasped 
nothing in the floral world is easier to grow. 

In conclusion, I trust these recollections 
from early to recent times have not proved 
wearisome to the reader. 

H. A. FARMER. 


ODON FOGLOSSUM 
CRISPOTHEME: 
(crispum X Othello). 


Take the brown ground from Othello, and 
substitute the white of crispum, slghtly 
creamy, add the spotting of a Lambeauianum 
that approaches the Pescatorei markings, and 
you have the present hybrid. 

Two-thirds of all the segments are prettily 
spotted with light brown, the lip having a 
marginal area of dusty spots round two-thirds 
of the edge. The form is good, Mr. C. J. 
Lucas, of Warnham Court, having used his 
fine variety of Othello in raising it. 

de B. Crawshay, Rosefield, Feb. 23rd, 1915. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM 
EXCELATOR 


(excellens x Fascinator). 


A small form of harvengtense crossed with 
Adriane in a wild state has often been 
talked of ; this might have been passed off 
for such. Mr. C. J. Lucas has made many 
an experimental cross, and deserves credit for 
doing so. 

Sepals and petals yellow, with white areas 
in the centre, the former having large 
blotches of brown, the latter three or four 
spots. Lip white, spotted with brown, and 
with marginal dots, as in Adriane. 

de B. Crawshay, Rosefield, Feb. 23rd, 19175. 


[April, 1915. 


DENDROBIUMS AT 
PEMBURY. 


CARCELY have the dull and cold days 
S of winter passed away than we get a 
pleasant reminder of spring by the 
flowering of the Dendrobiums. There are 
but few flowers that prove so welcome, 
coming, as they do, before many other plants 
show signs of vitality, and at a time when 
everyone is eagerly awaiting the arrival of 
brighter and warmer weather. At few places 
can a display be seen equalling in beauty 
that made by the Dendrobes cultivated so 
successfully in the collection of Mr. J. Gurney 
Fowler, at Brackenhurst, Pembury. Here the 
plants are grown in pots secured, by means of 
suitable wire suspenders, to the brick wall of 
the corridor connecting the various houses. 
This method of arrangement proves an ideal 
one for all Dendrobiums of the well-known 
nobile habit, the bulbs of which produce 
flowers from almost their base to the apex. 
Several rows of plants, one above the other, 
allow each specimen to show its flowers to the 
best advantage, and when thus arranged 
there 1s one vast bank of bloom, a mass that 
would indeed be difficult at this early season 
of the year to produce by any other genus. 
In days gone by, when D. nobile was the 
principal species cultivated, there was little 
variation in the colour, but now, thanks to the 
skill of the hybridist, the range has been 
considerably extended. Yellow is becoming 
far more prominent, chiefly through the use 
of aureum and signatum, while the pure white 
nobile is one of the most beautiful varieties 
yet seen. In the Brackenhurst collection 
there are several select varieties of this 
albino, as well as many yellow-tinted hybrids, 
some having the tips of the segments freckled 
with rose-purple. There is also considerable 
diversity to be seen in the formation of the 
flowers, some varieties having the segments 
twisted in quite an artistic style, while in 
others the sepals and petals are drawn out to 
their fullest extent. Even in the well-known 
nobile there are many varieties worthy of 
special note, a feature being the dark blotch 
on the labellum, which in some cases 1s 


April, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 153 


extended almost to the edge, while in others 
it has well-nigh disappeared. 

The plants remain in this corridor through- 
out the whole of the year. As the season 
advances so the increased temperature causes 
them to push forth new growths of a vigorous 
nature, and these, aided by considerable sun 
heat, assume a robust constitution, for the 
plants are able to receive ample light and all 
necessary syringing. When autumn arrives 
the atmospheric conditions are altered, a 
lower temperature as well as plenty of light 
and ventilation soon bring about a_ well- 
ripened condition, and thus the plants remain 
until the return of spring-lke weather. 

Since the plants have been in their present 
position there has been a marked increase in 
the vigour and size of their bulbs, those made 
during the last summer being unusually 
robust, and promising a good supply of 
bloom. Very much depends on the ripening 
process, which if not properly carried out is 
apt to prevent the formation of flower buds 
on the lower sections of the bulbs, resulting 
in a diminished quantity of bloom being 
produced, and a consequent lessening of the 
general effect at flowering time. With the 
splendid facilities existing at Brackenhurst 
there need be no fear of anything of this sort 
occurring ; not only is there a bracing situa- 
tion, but there is a good supply of skilled 
labour, and with these two highly important 
factors success is certain. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM LACHESIS 


(Fascinator X Vuylstekei). 


This, as naturally would be the case, is 
much like some forms of Vulcan (crispum x 
Vuylstekei). Sepals and petals yellow 
ground, very heavily blotched by deep brown, 
with a little white area at the base, and 
having the characteristic marks of brown 
unmediately around the column’s base, which 
are inherited from triumphans. Lip white, 
almost covered by a great brown blotch and 
marginal markings. Column and_ wings 
heavily “painted” crimson-brown. 


VOL. V. 


The great preponderance is that of Vuyl- 
stekei, which has proved one of the strongest 
hybrids yet used. This is the fifteenth hybrid 
I have raised with it—de B. Crawshay, 
Rosefield, March rgth, 10175. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM ATROPOS. 


Harryanum tripudians 


crispum roseum Astarte 


Atropos, 


It is quite evident that we are going to 
attain the same results in hybridity by 
different ways of development. The colour 
of this secondary hybrid, one of my own 
experimental lines of coupling an obscure and 
also a well-known species, has resulted in a 
most beautiful shade of purple-maroon, almost 
identical to the shades in illustrissimum, 
Thwaitesu and rosefieldiense, in their darkest 
solid forms. 

The sepals and petals, both front and back, 
are solid, with the exception of the tips which 
show the characteristic absence of the overlay 
cclour at the extreme end of the segment ; at 
the base of the petals there is a similar 
uncoloured mark or two showing the pure 
white of the wzder ground colour. I say 
under ground colour advisedly, as the purple- 
maroon seems to be the //zrd layer of colour, 
the deep rose stained ground forming the 
second. The lip is large, triangular, and of 
white ground, with a broken covering of 
purple-maroon forming a triangular area, 
leaving a white apex; the sides have a 
marginal row of spots. Column head very 
dark, as in a fine crispum. 

Tripudians, be it species or rare hybrid, 1s 
evidently very strong and transmits its quality 
through Harryanum very plainly, but the 
brown has entirely disappeared. Of course, 
the hybrids will vary much, and it will be 
interesting to see if any revert to the crispum, 
which was a good roseum.—de B. Crawshay, 
Rosefield, March 13th, 1915. 


154 THE ORCHID 


WORLD. [April, 1915. 


@ OOO) OOD OO) OO ODO G-~<—0 Ha 


; + GATTON PARK, SURREY. i } 
Do 0~—~Qo~-o-~S)oreo> oe nee Boe : 


x a ka do's 


Photo by 


_ ES ee | 


[Vr A. Barton Kent. 


Gatton House from the Lawns. 


HERE are but few places in the south 
of England, or, indeed, elsewhere, 
that possess so many points of 

interest or have such beautiful surroundings 

as Gatton Park, the seat of Sir Jeremiah 

Colman, Bart. When in 1888 the property 

was purchased by its present owner it was 

destined to become the home of one of the 
finest collections of Orchids, comprising, as it 
does, an extremely rich assemblage of species 
and hybrids, the former perhaps unequalled 
in any other private garden. Considering 
how frequently the name Gatton now shines 
forth in the records of Orchidology, a few 
brief details concerning its history and that 
of its present owner may prove of interest, 
for, as many will recollect, Sir Jeremiah is a 
Vice-Chairman of the Royal Horticultural 


Society's Orchid Committee, while amongst 
his many other positions of honour may be 
included that of ‘Treasurer of the great 
International Exhibition, held at Chelsea, 
1QI2. 

Gatton—the town on the Gate—is 
described in Domesday Book, while Herfrid, 
an early owner, was father of Hamo de 
Gatton who fell at the Battle of Hastings. 
In 1540 Gatton was granted as an estate by 
the Crown to Anne of Cleves after her 
divorce from Henry VIII. After passing 
through various hands the property was 
purchased in 1830 by Lord Monson, who 
spent a fortune upon it. The celebrated 
Marble Hall follows closely in design the 
Corsini Chapel in the Basilica of St. John 
Lateran, Rome, while adjoining the mansion 


April, rots. ] 


is the Church, also mentioned in Domesday 
Book, with its antique and exquisite oak 
carving, some of which was brought from 
Belgium. The eastern stained-glass window 
dates from about 1500. 

The family of Colman is one of great 
antiquity, there bemg a record as far back as 


1287, of one William Colman, of Norfolk. 
In 1559 Desideritus Colman was armour- 
maker to Kings Charles I. and Philip of 
Spain, and a branch of the family flourished 
in Augsburg during the fifteenth and 
sixteentii centuries. They were inventors of 
complete armours for horses. In the reign of 
James I. a grant of arms, in those days a high 
distinction, was made to a Colman of 
Wymondham, from whom the present family 
can trace descent. Many of the family have 
borne the Christian name Jeremiah, which 
has passed through nine generations. The 
present owner of Gatton, Sir Jeremiah 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 15 


Gatton House, the Marble Hall, 


uw 


Colman, is a Past Master of the Worshipful 
Company of Skinners, a Deputy Lieutenant 
for the county of Surrey, serving the ancient 
office of High Sheriff for the year 1893, and 
is one of His Majesty’s Lieutenants for the 
City of London. His many services received 
recognition in 1907 when King Edward VII. 


es 


conferred the honour of a Baronetcy upon 
him. 

It has been the writer’s pleasure to spend 
several hours in the Orchid houses in company 
with Sir Jeremiah, when the remarkable 
knowledge which he has of the subject, as 
well as his ready memory for technical details, 
gave ample proof of the great admiration he 
has for these aristocratic flowers and the 
intense interest he continues to take in them. 
As a lover of all things artistic and rare, the 
owner of this extensive estate has his time 
fully occupied, yet notwithstanding the many 
attractions—and some are indeed great— 


156 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


there is every evidence that the Orchids 
receive the full share to which their flowers, 
be they gorgeous, quaint or microscopic, 
entitle them. 

With such an extensive collection to 
describe it is by no means easy to select a 
section that stands out prominently, but as 
these notes are written during the Dendro- 
bium season a : 
few remarks 
concerning 
the most inter- 
esting may 
here be given. 
Awstralian 
species are 
well repre- 
sented by the 
elegant D. 
Tofftu, seen 
for the first 
time in_ this 
country last 
November, 
when the 


[April, tors. 


included, the best being Dorman’s variety, 
Harefield Hall, Sander, alba, _splendens, 
Colmaniana, with a pink coloured throat, and 
Ashworthii, the latter distinguished by bright 
rose-purple blotches on a pure white ground. 
D. bigibbum “ Lady Colman,” A.M., R.H.S., 
is a pretty albino form, having white flowers 
with a shght blush tint. 

It is, how- 
ever, with 
hybrid Dend- 
robes that the 
finest decora- 
tive results are 
obtained, for 
in no other 
garden have 
so many varie- 
trite S) seeblerema 
raised and cul- 
tivated. One 
of the most 
attractive ‘is 
the Gatton 
Park variety 


Royal Horti- of Wigan- 
cultural So- lanum,_ ob- 
ciety granted tained _ by 
a Botanical crossing Hilde- 
Certificate. brandi — and 
Also the nobile, the 
showy  D. hes ef ec biivee 
speciosum niti- Manner a1 
dum, — which Odontioda Bradshawie ‘* Lady Colman.”- which the 
obtained a (R.H.S. Journal.) yellowish 


similar award, and a Cultural Commendation 
for Mr. Collier, who grew the specimen so 
successfully that it produced no less than 46 
many-flowered spikes. D.taurinum Colmanu, 
a remarkable species whose flower resembles 
a bull’s head, is well worthy of special 
mention. D. phalznopsis is well represented, 
the Gatton Park variety having a_ white 
flower with the lip tinged and veined with 
slaty-blue. D. phalenopsis Schréderianum, 
and others of the same section, as well as the 
pretty D. arcuatum, and the remarkable 
Gatton Park variety of D. Brymerianum may 
also be seen in excellent health. Nearly all 
the noted forms of the popular D. nobile are 


sepals and petals are twisted being charac- 
teristic of the former parent. Many hybrids 
have been raised by the use of signatum 
aureum, a rare, yellow flowering species, D. 
Wigan (signatum x nobile) being a good 
example, although the expectation of produc- 
ing an enlarged form of D. Wiganie 
xanthochilum has yet to be realised; also 
D. Brodiet (Dominyanum x Wiganie), a 
floriferous plant, as well as D. Duchess of 
Albany (Wigamianum x Wigamia), named in 
commemoration of a_ visit paid by the 
Duchess to Gatton Park in 1911, and the 
elegant D. chessingtonense (aureum x 
Wigamiz), of which the Gatton Park variety 


April, 1915. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 15 


has received an Award of Merit. D. 
Thwaitesie (Ainsworthi x Wiganie) may 
also be mentioned, for a distinct variety, 
named after Mr. Bound, formerly in charge 
of this collection, has been certificated. There 
is also D. Othello, of unrecorded parentage, 
but represented by several beautiful varieties, 
and 1D. Golden ‘ 
Ray (Othello x 
Soren nas um: ) 
which is very 
beau trially 
marked — with 
indescribable 
sunset colours. 
D. Findlay- 
anum has 
proved of con- 
siderable value 
as a parent, as 
may be seen in 
D. Cybele (no- 
bile x Findlay- 
anum), of which 
demisspae nd d 
variety from 
this collection 
mec eiarend a 
PE OnG.;. ik eS. 
Mention may 
also be made 
of D. Mrs. Fen- 
ton Arnton 
(m e la n odiscus 
x Fandlay- 
anwm);: also 
honoured by an 
award. Unquestionably, the finest hybrid 
Dendrobium yet raised is that bearing the 
name Lady Colman. It was produced by 
crossing TD. Artemis (aureum x Ainsworthi), 
one of the first raised Gatton hybrids, with 
D. Findlayanum, specially fine varieties of 
both parents being used. A_ First-class 
Certificate was granted. by the R.HLS, 
February 10th, 1914. The accompanying 
iliustration shows the exact size of this 
wonderful flower. Needless to state, every 
opportunity has been taken to perpetuate 
such extraordinarily fine qualities, and it is to 


Dendrobium bigibbum “ Lady Colman.” very 
(R.H.S Journal,) 


“I 


be hoped that many of the raiser’s expecta- 
tions will be realised with the next generation 
of seedlings, the first of which has already 
expanded its flower, and shows many of its 
parent’s characteristics. 

Mr. Collier believes that continually propa- 
eating the best varieties is the only means by 
which a healthy 
and vigorous 
stock of plants 
may be main- 
tained. And 
this applies 
particularly — to 
all those con- 
taining Wig- 
anie in their 
parentage. One 
large house has 
its centre stag- 
ing completely 


filled with 
Sople Gi, mie: n 
plants, while 


along the sides, 
and on narrow 
shelves, are 
numerous small 
plants rapidly 
advancing in 
size to replace 
others that 
have done their 
duty. Seedlings, 
+ of course, are 
carefully 
attended to, for 
only the best varieties have been used in their 
making, hence additional specialities are 
always appearing. The best specimens are 
generally obtained when there are about four 
or five vigorous bulbs, which produce flowers 
on long stalks, and almost from apex to base 
of the bulb. When so grown they form the 
most attractive plants in the collection, and 
their dispersal in the various houses creates a 
very beautiful effect in the early months of 
the year. 
We may now turn our attention to some of 
the smaller growing plants, which thrive so 


158 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


well on account of the many suitable spots 
that experience has discovered for their 
accommodation. Coelogyne sparsa yields an 
abundance of pretty flowers, as also does 
Angrecum hyaloides, Collabium nebulosum, 
and Sarchochilus Fitzgeraldu. 
comprise a 


Masdevalhias 


most varied 
collection, 
running into 
hundreds of 
species and 
varieties. The 
quaint M. 
Chim aeina 
with its aurea 
varieties, the 
curious M. 
macrura and 
M. elephanti- 
ceps have an 
interest all 
their own, 
while ishive 
Gatton Park 
variety of M. 
Harryana re- 
ceived an 
Award of 
Merit, May 
29th, 1900. 
Amongst 
the Bulbo- 
phy llums 
there #& the 
scarce B. sal- 
tatorium, a 
name which 
indicates the dancing nature of the wonder- 
fully constructed labellum, also B. lemnis- 
catoides, a remarkable species which received 
a Botanical Certificate in 1909. Other 
notable representatives are B. Ericssonn, B. 
Reinwardtu, B. galbinum and B. mirum, the 
latter indeed wonderful, for the petals consist 
of a small rounded disc, on the back of 
which is a tuft of about twenty slender 
filaments that move about with the slightest 
breeze. Cirrhopetalum  retusiusculum and 
C. Fascinator have both received awards 


Odontoglossum Queen of Gatton. 


[April, rors. 


when exhibited at the Royal Horticultural 
Society. 

Boundn, raised in _ this 
collection by crossing radicans and Burtonn, 
is of considerable decorative value, not only 


Epidendrum 


on account of the wide range of colour, 
including 
orange - red, 
orange and 
lilac, but also 
for the im- 
mense time 
individual 
stems con- 
tinue to pro- 
duce flowers 
from the 
apex of the 
elongating 
spikes, 
t -welhyse 
months being 
guite the 
usual period. 
On one occa- 
sion a_ spike 
continued to 
produce 
flowers for 
more than 
two years ; 
and was ex- 
hibited at 
three con- 
sbicur time 
Temple 
Shows, thus 
creating what 
is believed to be a record. There are some 
interesting seedlings to be seen in a cross 
between E. prismatocarpum and E. fragrans. 
Epi-Diacrium Boundu, the result of crossing 
Epidendrum Ellisu and Diacrium bicornutum, 
and Dia-Cattleya Colmamz (D. bicornutum 
x C. intermedia) are interesting batches of 
hybrids, the majority of the pseudo-bulbs 
being hollow, as in the Diacrium parent. 
The elegant Oncidium Clesi, very rarely 
seen in flower, produced a fine inflorescence 
in May, 1911, when it was exhibited at the 


(R.A.S. Journal.) 


April, 1915. ] THE .ORCHID 


Odontioda Bradshawie “ Gatton Park var.” 


Temple Show and obtained an Award of 
Merit. Oncidium dichromum, with bronze-red 
sepals and petals and orange-yellow lip, may 
also be mentioned. Ccoelia macrostachya, with 
large globular bulbs, flowers freely every 
year, and Acineta Humboldt Colmann, an 
excellent variety of this Colombian plant, 
received a Botanical Certificate, April 30th, 
1907. 

During the past thirty years a careful 
selection has been made of the best varieties 
of Odontoglossum crispum, the large span- 
roofed house devoted to their culture 
presenting a beautiful sight during the spring 
months. Blotched varieties are to be seen m 
the renowned Pittianum, Franz Masereel, 
Kenneth, Luciani, Hyeanum and solum, etc. 
O. crispum Rosy Queen was exhibited at the 
last Ghent Ouinquennial Exhibition, when it 
received a Silver-gilt Medal. There is a good 
plant of Pescatore: Lindeniz, also of 
Wilckeanum Pitt’s variety and 
Oakfield Sunrise. An interesting plant, and 
one far too seldom seen, is O. Lindenu, which 
in habit of growth resembles O. Edwardu, but 
the flowers are of a bright yellow colour. A 
relic of the past is Od. bickleyense, now 


crispum 


WORLD. 159 


regarded as a form of Wilckeanum ; it came 
from the Pollett collection, but has refused to 
make much headway until this season when 
it produced a spike of two flowers. 
Amongst the popular hybrid Odonto- 
elossums is Queen of Gatton (triumphans x 
percultum), of bright yellow with red-brown 
markings, which received a_ First-class 
Certificate May 20th, 1913, and the well- 
known Gatton Park strain of Thompson- 
ianum, distinguished by the unusual breadth 
of the rose segments, and the graceful arching 
habit of the spikes. In a collection of this 
magnitude there is an immense number of 
various hybrids, many of them specimen 
plants, while others are as yet unflowered, 
and hence the cause of much expectation. 
Some of the finest specimens of Odontiodas 
ever seen at the Royal Horticultural Society 
have come from the Gatton Parl: collection, 
the stram being noted for the remarkable 
branched spikes with their numerous flowers 
of rich scarlet-red colour. No doubt, this is 
mainly due to excellent cultivation. Special 
mention is certainly due to Odontioda Vuyl- 
stekee “Lady Colman” and O. Bradshawie 
“Lady Colman,” both of which have been 
honoured by receiving First-class Certificates. 
Odontioda gattonensis (C. Noezlana x O. 
Kegeljani), and many others might be 
described, did space permit. Another house 
is mainly devoted to the cultivation of small 
seedlings; it is astonishing to note the 
vigorous bulbs which the young Odontiodas 
are making. An airy, span-roofed house 1s 
reserved ‘for the actual raising of Odonto- 
glossums and Odontiodas, the seed being 
sown on the surface of large pots containing 
vigorous plants. It 1s worthy of note, 
although Sir Jeremiah will not confess there 
is any importance in it, that these established 
plants are all Edwardui or hybrids of it. But 
be this as it may, there is certainly a 
remarkable vigour and healthy nature to be 
seen in the tiny seedlings, many of which are 
pricked out in shallow pans suspended at a 
safe distance from the roof. Qdontoglossum 
hybrids containing Edwardi in _ their 
parentage have always been noted for their 
vigorousness, and it would be specially 


160 THE: ORCHID! WORED: 


interesting to prove that this could be 
transmitted to other seedlings. 

The genus Spathoglottis has received 
well-merited several 
hybrids having being raised. Perhaps the 
bestis S. Colmanun, obtained by the use of S. 
aureo-Vieillardi and S. aurea, and of which 
two varieties have been certificated by the 
Royal Horticultural Society. S. plicata alba 
has also received an Award of Merit. Brasso- 
Cattleyas are include 


attention, beautiful 


numerous and 


[April, 1915. 


considerable time in perfection, and showing 
a wide range of greenish-yellow and rose 
tints. During the last few years a considerable 
and important advance has been made by the 
hybridists, their best achievements being seen 
in Cymbidium Colmanie (eburneo-Lowianum 
x eburneum), C. Lady Colman (eburneo- 
Lowianum x Tracyanum), of which the 
variety known as Golden Queen received a 
First-class Certificate in February, 1913, and 
C. Queen of Gatton (Lady Colman ~ insigne). 


Dendrobium Lady Colman. 
F.C.C., R.H.S., Feb. 10th, 1914. 


B.-C. Mary, a very distinct and pretty hybrid 
between B. nodosa and C. Lawrenceana, the 
creamy-white flower being spotted with rose- 
purple. Sobralias have also _ received 
attention, the desire being to raise hybrids of 
a dwarf and floriferous nature. Growing 
along with them are Zygo-Colax Wiganianus 
(Z. intermedium x C. jugosus) and Z.-C. 
Veitchii (Z. crinitum x C. jugosus). 

A large lean-to house is entirely filled with 
Cymbidiums, their graceful spikes lasting a 


Although many hybrids have been obtained 
by the use of insigne, opinions differ 
concerning the habit of the flower spikes— 
should they be erect like insigne, or should 
they bend gracefully over as in the Lowianum 
section? In these gardens the desire is to 
produce spikes as borne by the last-mentioned 
species, which many amateurs will no doubt 
acknowledge to be the most effective style. 
The rare C. I’Ansonu is well represented, one 
large plant carrying four spikes of flowers. 


April, 1915. ] 


In another large and well constructed 
house is the Gatton Park variety of 
Miltonia Regnellii, which received an Award 
of Merit in 1905, while the varieties of M. 
vexillaria include Duchess of Portland, 
Lambeauiana and others. Hybrids are to be 
seen in choice forms of Bleuana and St. 
André. There is good reason to believe that 
many certificated plants of the future will be 
Miltonia hybrids, and on this account experi- 
' ments are being tried to ascertain with what 
other genera and species new combinations 
can be effected. 

It is very pleasing to note the interest taken 
in Leha pumila and its 
allied species, although 
on further thoughts this 
is not surprising for, on 
comparison with the 
plant, the flowers are 
extremely large. Lue 
pumila Colmanu, L. p. 
Gatton Park variety, 
with its slate-blue lip, 
and L. prestans gloriosa 
have all received awards. 
There is also a_ pretty 
hybrid between L. Jong- 
heana and L. flava 
which bears the name 
Mary Colman. As a 
parent L. pumila has 
proved useful in the making of L.-C. Epicasta, 
of which the Gatton Park variety has received 
a First-class Certificate, while another variety 
known as The Premier has received an 
Award of Merit. Amongst other hybrids 
that have received awards are L.-C. Phryne 
and L.-C. Fred. Boyle. A splendid batch of 
L.-C. Canhamiana alba proves of immense 
value in making up the large groups 
regularly exhibited at the Royal Horticultural 
Society’s Summer Show. Of course, there is 
a very varied collection of all the best 
Lelio-Cattleyas. 

The collection of Cattleyas includes C. 
Mendel “Duke of Marlborough,” F.C.C,, 
R.H.S., and C. M. “Quorndon House var.,” 
which received a similar award in 1802. 
There are good plants of the beautiful 


Odontioda Gattonensis 
(C. Noezliana x O. Kegeljani). 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 161 


Cattleya labiata alba “Mrs. I. Ashworth,” 
C. |. leucocheila, and C. |]. Peeters variety. 
C. Schroderze “Queen Empress”. was 
awarded the Davidson Cup for the finest 
Cattleya in the Chelsea Show, 1914. A 
spacious house is entirely devoted to special 
forms of the leading Cattleyas, but another 
occasion 1s necessary to fully describe their 
meritorious points. 

Calanthes are excellent for winter flowers, 
the collection including Wm. Murray, bella 
and its pure white variety Harrisu, densiflora, 
A.M., R.H.S., revertens, of unrecorded 
parentage, and others. Catasetum Clifftonu 

received an Award of 
Merit in Ig11, and there 
is a good assortment of 
other species., Lycastes 
are numerous, and_ in- 
clude Skinneri alba, S. 
hellemense, Luciani and 
Ballie. 

During the — early 
months of the year a 
pretty display is made 
with Phaio-Calanthe Col- 
manu (P. Norman x C. 
Regnieri), the flowers 
varying from pure white 
tO, tose. » lhe sunny 
atmosphere of Gatton 
permits Lelia anceps to 
be cultivated with considerable success. White 
varieties are mainly grown, the one known as 
Schréderiana being by far the best, while 
waddoniensis 1s also worthy of note. 

There is a healthy specimen of the 
remarkable Arachnanthe Lown, known in 
gardens as Vanda Lowu, which delights to 
assume an arching habit; whenever the stem 
is tied up in an erect position the plant ceases 
to make progress. Another representative of 
this peculiar genus is to be seen in A. 
Cathcartu, which is a notoriously shy bloomer, 
yet it once produced an excellent inflorescence 
in this collection. Eria vestita, with its large, 
hairy leaves, is quite a curiosity. 

This collection is particularly rich in the 
class of Orchid often spoken of as “ botanical,” 
and of which many Erias, Maxillarias, 


162 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Stanhopeas, Cynorches, Promenzas, Pesca- . 


toreas, and Masdevallias may be included, but 
these have almost been forgotten in the 
present article. However, a future occasion 
will allow them to be described in detail. It 
remains to be said that the general health of 
this vast collection is excellent, thanks to the 
skilful attention of Mr. Collier and his under- 
study, Mr. Perfect, who are never more happy 
than when attending to the comforts of their 
pets, or striving by some means or other to 
encourage a refractory plant to break forth 
into flower. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 

ODONTIODA RUTH G. WoRSLEY.—A spike of 
this beautiful hybrid between Harryanum and 
Bradshawie is sent by the owner, Mr. H. 
Worsley, of Stone House, Haslingden. The 
large flower is of rich scarlet-red colour, the 
petals slightly incurved, as in Harryanum, and 
margined with rose. A most useful addition. 

LA&LIO-CATTLEYA FLAMMEA—Although 
not possessing broad segments this hybrid is 
of a particularly rich colour, the parents being 
highburiensis (cinnabarina x Lawrenceana) 
and Haroldiana (tenebrosa x Hardyana). 
Raised by Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough. 

DENDROBIUM Miss FLORENCE E. KING. 
—The result of crossing Artemis (aureum x 
Ainsworthi) and nobile nobilius. Raised by 
Mr. F. J. Hanbury, Brockhurst, East Grin- 
stead. The flower is large and resembles a fine 
variety of Rubens (Ainsworthu x nobile). 

CYPRIPEDIUM SWINTONENSE.—An excel- 
lent flower of this new Cypripedium comes 
from the raiser, Mr. B. J. Beckton, Daisy 
Bank, Irlams-o’-th’-Height, Manchester, who 
obtained it by crossing Hera Euryades with 
Earl of Tankerville. The broad dorsal sepal 
is white, spotted with crimson-purple; the 
broad horizontal petals are yellowish tinged 
and spotted with reddish-brown ; the inside of 
the greenish labellum is dark crimson. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA BEATRICE——Messrs. J. 
and A. McBean are the raisers of this attrac- 
tive hybrid between C. Schréderee and L.-C. 
callistoglossa. The large flower has the front 
lobe of the labellum covered with rich 
crimson-purple. 


| April, 1915. 


ODONTIODA WEST Point BEAUTY.—The 
result of crossing Oda. Bradshawiz and Odm. 
eximium. Received an Award of Merit, 
Manchester Orchid Society, March 4th, 1915, 
when shown by Mr. S. Gratrix. 

ONCIDIODA WALTONENSIS.—This decora- 
tive hybrid between Cochlioda vulcanica and 
Oncidium incurvum received an Award of 
Appreciation when exhibited by Mr. Wm. 
Thompson at the Manchester Orchid Society, 
February 18th, 1915. The inflorescence is 
semi-erect, has several branches and carries 
numerous rose-purple flowers. It forms a 
companion to Oncidioda Charlesworthu (C. 
Neezliana x O. incurvum). 

ODONTOGLOSSUM MACULUM.— This inter- 
esting hybrid is the result of crossing 
maculatum with aspersum, the latter a natural 
hybrid between Rossi and maculatum. As 
may be expected, the flower resembles a fine 
variety of maculatum. The sepals are 
yellowish, covered with brownish-red spots, 
the petals of similar colour, but having only a 
few spots on their basal area; the expansive 
lip is cream-yellow, the crest golden-yellow, 
while the column is rose. Exhibited by Mr. 
Wm. Thompson at the Manchester Orchid 
Society, March 4th, 1915, when an Award of 
Appreciation was granted. 

DENDROBIUM BUTTERFLY.—The ever 
popular yellow Dendrobes have been mainly 
produced by the use of signatum and aureum; 
in this instance the parentage is Ainsworthui 
(aureum x nobile) x chessingtonense (aureum 
x Wiganiz), Wiganiea being a hybrid between 
signatum and nobile. The result is a rich 
yellow flower, with an _ effective purple 
speckling on the tips of the petals. Raised 
by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells. 

DENDROBIUM BUTTERCUP.— This has been 
produced by crossing Rolfez and signatum, 
the result being a good yellowish flower, in 
which the attractive point is the large and 
open labellum. The tips of the petals are 
rose-coloured. Raised by Messrs. Armstrong 
and Brown, Tunbridge Wells. 

DENDROBIUM YELLOW BiIRD—A useful 
addition to the yellow-flowering section. The 
parents are Alice Bound and signatum, the 


April, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 163 


flower is of good substance, primrose-yellow, 
and entirely without spots or other colour in 
the throat. Raised by Messrs. Armstrong 
and Brown. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM EDWARDIMIUM.—The 
specific name of this hybrid suggests its 
parentage, Edwardi x eximium, but in the 
description of the flower, page 1206, it was 
accidentally omitted. 

CATTLEYA QUEEN ELIZABETH—The 
result of crossing Schrodere and Empress 
Frederick. Flower of excellent shape, rosy 
mauve, the lip mottled with purple, the 
wide throat orange-yellow. Raised in the 
Scampston Hall collection by Mr. F. C. 
Puddle. 

OpDONTIODA LADY COLMAN.—A brilliant 
red flower obtained by crossing C. Noezliana 
with Od. Queen of Gatton (triumphans x 
percultum). Raised by Mr. Collier in the 
Gatton Park collection. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM FARNESII—A singular 
result obtained by crossing Crawshayanum 
and Rolfez. Sepals and petals dark crimson- 
red, tipped with yellow, the well-developed 
flat labellum having the basal half rich 
crimson, the apical portion pure white. 
Column and wings yellow. The first Odonto- 
glossum hybrid to flower of those raised by 
Mr. Farnes in the Ashtead Park collection. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM ADMIRAL.—The result 
of crossing Pescatorei and eximium. Raised 
by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM ARIEL.—A pretty hybrid 
obtained by the use of Andersonianum var. 
Ruckerianum and eximium, the raisers being 
Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

ODONTIODA SULTAN.—One of the distinct 
Odontiodas, the wide flower being of a rich 
dark crimson, and of good substance. Raised 
by Mr. Geo. W. Bird, West Wickham, Kent, 
the parents being Odm. crispo-Harryanum 
and Oda. Charlesworthu. 

ODONTIODA GLADYS.—An_ extremely 
pretty hybrid obtained from Od. Pescatorei 
and Oda. Bradshawie. The large whitish 
flower having all the segments bordered with 
bright rose, the central areas spotted with 
scarlet-red. Raised by Mr. Geo. W. Bird, 
West Wickham, Kent. 


SEED RAISING FOR AMATEURS. 
(Continued from page 141.) 


Te is always a certain amount of 


pleasure to be obtained in watching 

the development of a seed-pod, and 
were it not so the period of twelve months 
usually occupied would indeed be wearisome 
waiting. As each succeeding week brings a 
further increase in the size of the pod, so our 
hopes of producing new and beautiful hybrids 
advance proportionally. In such a large 
family as the Orchidacee there are several 
genera that produce and ripen their seed in 
the space of about six months, but, unfortu- 
nately, these are not the popular kinds 
generally cultivated by amateurs, so a full 
twelve months is necessary for the production 
of Cattleya, Dendrobium, Cypripedium and 
Odontoglossum seed. It matters but little at 
what time of the year the flower is fertilised, 
for the seed is usually fully matured about the 
same week in the following respective season. 

Towards the expiration of the allotted 
period the seed-pod will assume a yellowish 
appearance and eventually split down the side 
and allow the seed to be scattered by the 
wind. This, of course, is what would happen 
if no attention is given, but it is advisable to 
watch the ripening pod and cut it off a few 
days before the actual process of splitting 
commences. The seed is best shaken out on 
a dry sheet of paper, which should be folded 
up and placed in an envelope, full particulars 
of the cross and the date of ripening being 
written on the outside. It is not advisable 
to keep the seed longer than necessary, for it 
is easily affected by atmospheric conditions— 
a good place can generally be found in the 
dwelling-house—on no account should it 
remain in the humid atmosphere of the 
greenhouse or germination may be prema- 
turely excited and render it useless for future 
work. 

There are many species that flower during 
the dull autumn and winter months, and 
consequently ripen their seed during similar 
conditions; this seed must be carefully 
preserved until a more favourable time, for 
except in very expert hands it is almost 


1604 THE ORCHID, WORED: 


[April, rors. 


Dendrobium seed (greatly enlarged) and seedlings in various stages. 


impossible to effect germination during such 
adverse conditions; and, moreover, if seedlings 
are obtained they rarely grow as well as those 
raised in the spring and summer months. 
The vitality of Orchid seed is not like the 
proverbial mustard and cress, which has only 
to be sown on a moist medium to ensure a 
good crop being obtained in a few days. 

Amateurs often expect the pod to contain 
seeds as large as those of the sweet pea, 
which is not unreasonable when the robust 
nature of the bulbs is considered, but when 
enly a dust-like material is discovered the pod 
is often thrown away as useless. The best of 
Orchid seed is never much more than a dust- 
like substance, and although often described 
as microscopic material its nature may be 
fairly well discerned by means of a pocket 
lens. No mention appears to have occurred 
of anyone counting the seeds contained in a 
single pod, although estimates vary from 
many thousands to half a million, but all this 
little matters to the practical man, for in the 
great majority of pods there is plenty to be 
found for all ordinary requirements. An 
expert raiser once told the writer that he 
never thought of sowing more seed than could 
be placed on the end of the blade of his 
pocket knife. But no such success should be 
expected by amateurs, who are without much 
of the necessary skill and labour, and who 
must content themselves with the prevailing 
condition of their houses. 

Now even the most skilful raiser finds a 
remarkable difference in the germinative 
capacity of the various genera and species. 
Some seeds germinate on almost any moist 
substance, while others are particularly shy 


and often refuse to make the slightest 
advance. Speaking generally, hybrids are 
much more easy to raise than species; they 
appear to have a robust constitution and are 
able to withstand many of the atmospheric 
changes that frequently prove fatal to species. 

Dendrobiums are by no means difficult 
subjects to raise from seed, and when once 
fairly established they make rapid progress 
during each summer season. This genus is 
very suitable for cultivation in the English 
climate, for the plants make their growth 
during the best of the summer weather, 
and rest when the winter conditions are 
unfavourable. This is an important point for 
amateurs to consider, and may save them 
much trouble and anxiety when a continuance 
of frosty weather makes it difficult to maintain 
high inside temperatures. A pan of Dendro- 
bium seedlings, not less than twelve months 
old, may be suspended in any Cattleya house 
during the winter months, the compost being 
kept on the dry side until growth recom- 
mences in the spring time, when an increased 
temperature and additional atmospheric 
moisture will prove beneficial. 

With all seedlings, and, in fact, with 
everything used in their cultivation, the 
utmost cleanliness is one of the important 
points to bear in mind. The staging, in 
particular, must be kept entirely free from 
accumulations of dirt and mossy growth, or 
insect pests are sure to make it a hiding- 
place, from whence they emerge at might 
time and devour the tender seedlings. All 
seed-pans are best isolated by being stood on 
inverted pots placed in saucers of water, and 
staging used for young plants is_ best 


April, 1915.] 


Dendrobium seedling at 18 months. 


constructed in such a way that no slugs can 
gain access to it. 

One of the troubles that come to both 
expert and amateur is a species of small fly 
that works considerable damage to the surface 
of the seed-pan compost. This little insect 
appears to reap immense delight by gnawing 
at the mossy particles and tearing up all he 


Dendrobium seedling at 2 years. 


THE ‘ORCHID WORLD. 165 


can into a dust-like and worthless substance ; 
even the tender seedlings are uprooted and 
fall a prey to his comparatively gorgeous 
appetite. 
means easy, and many methods have been 
tried, the most successful being frequent 
fumigation and spraying with a weak insecti- 
cide. Another way is to cultivate some of the 
fly-catching plants alongside the seed-pans, 
the Droseras and Pinquiculas being specially 
effective in this matter; the leaves of the latter 
can often be seen with hundreds of small flies 
adhering to their sticky surface. 


To clear out this pest is by no 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY: 


March 2nd, 1015. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esg. (in the chair), Sir 
Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. 
sec.), Gurney Wilson, R. A. Rolfe, F. Sander, 
J. Wilson Potter, R. G. Thwaites, P. Ralli, 
F. J. Hanbury, T. Armstrong, F. M. Ogilvie, 
C. H. Curtis, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. 
Cypher WH Hatcher, J. E. Shill, W..P. 
Bound, Gre Hunter, W. Hi. White, A.. Dye, 
S. W. Flory, W. Bolton, R. Brooman White 


and Clive Cookson. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Brasso-Cattleya Digbyano - Schrédere, 
Shrubbery variety (B. Digbyana x C. Schro- 
dere alba), from F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., 
The Shrubbery, Oxford—Not only is this the 
finest variety of its kind, but it is one of the 
best of the Brasso-Cattleyas, the immense 
labellum being the distinguishing feature. 
The whole flower is pure white, except the 
yellow disc in the throat. 


AWARD OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Olympus (Octave Doin x Warsce- 
wiczil), from Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough. 
—A very beautiful result resembling C. 
Tityus, but showing more of the Warsce- 


wiczil parent. Flowers large, of excellent 


166 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


shape, and rose coloured, the broad lip rich 
rose-purple and with a yellow blotch on the 
side lobes. 

OTHER EXHIBITS. 


J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, 
Pembury, exhibited Cattleya Triane Griselda, 
with 6. flowers, of light rose colour, the 
labellum being violet-mauve, thus rendering 
the plant unique. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Engle- 
field Green, showed some excellent spikes of 
Cymbidium Pauwelsii, each bearing upwards 
of 25 flowers. 

F. J. Hanbury, Esq., Brockhurst, East 
Grinstead, sent Dendrobium Miss Florence 
E. King (Artemis x nobile nobilius), with 
large maroon disc to the lip; and D. chessing- 
tonense Hanbury’s var., with copper-yellow 
flowers. 

The Rev. H. G. Monro, Woodlands, 
Binfield, Berks, exhibited Phaius Wallichii, a 
fine specimen imported from Assam. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat 
group containing several good Cymbidium 
hybrids, and their type of C. insigne; also 
Odontoglossum Ypres, of bright colour, 
Cypripedium Duke of Marlborough, of 
vellowish colour, the elegant Ccelogyne 
Lawrenceana, many Leelio-Cattleyas and 
some excellent varieties of Cattleya Triane. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
received a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
effective group in which were good examples 
of Dendrobium Wardianum and D. nobile, 
the interesting  Saccolabium _ bellinum, 
Oncidiums splendidum and Cavendishianum, 
as well as Cattleya Percivaliana alba Little 
Gem. 

Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
received a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
attractive exhibit containing the rare Aerides 
vandarum. the new Cymbidium Butterfly, 
Masdevallia gareantua, a good form of Lzlio- 
Cattleya Cappei, and various Calanthes and 
Cypripediums. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
staged a good group of select hybrids for 
which a Silver Banksian Medal was awarded. 


[April, rors. 


Included in it were fine varieties of Lelia 
anceps, Cymbidium Alexanderi  roseum, 
Lzelio-Cattleya Myra, of clear yellow colour, 
and excellent Odontiodas. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged 
Cypripedium Peter (Dicksonianum “Countess 
of Carnarvon” x Thompsonianum), an excel- 
lent flower; also Lelio-Cattleya flammea 
(highburiensis x Haroldiana) of rich crimson- 
purple colour, and Sophro-Cattleya Atreus, 
of scarlet-red colour. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co, Southgate, 
exhibited Cymbidium grandiflorum, the pretty 
Odontioda Zephyr, and a fine variety of 
Miltonia Bleuana grandiflora. 


March 16th, 1915. 


MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W.° Bolton, 
Gurney Wilson, F. Sander, R. G. Thwaites, 
F. J. Hanbury, P. Ralli, W. Cobb, J. Charles- 
worth, J. W. Potter, W.-P: Boumessett eG: 
Alexander, A. Dye, W. H. White, C. Cookson, 
R. A. Rolfe, J) Cypher, C: J. eucassandons 
Brooman-White. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lycaste Janetee (Skinneri x Rossiana), from 
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans——A 
very attractive hybrid carrying 8 large flowers 
of lght greenish-yellow colour, minutely 
spotted with rose. It was originally raised 
by Mrs. Janet Ross, of Florence, the first 
plant flowering in 1899. 

Brasso-Cattleya Cliftoni “ Sir John French” 
(B.-C. Digbyano-Mossie x C. Triane), from 
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co.—A remarkable 
flower of large size, the broad segments of 
light rose-mauve, the immense _labellum 
having the central area of bright greenish- 
orange, and the margin prettily fringed. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 


April, 1915. | 


for some excellent specimens, including the 
charming Angrecum citratum, Coelogyne 
Sander, the blue Zygopetalum Perrenoudu, 
Zygo-Colax Charlesworthu, good  Brasso- 
Cattleyas, the interesting Odontonia Magali 
Sander xanthotes, and several bright yellow 
Lelio-Cattleyas. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
secured a Silver Flora Medal for an excellent 
exhibit of Dendrobium Wardianum, the new 
Cymbidium Butterfly, good varieties of C. 
Gottianum, Ccoelogyne Sandere, Odonto- 
glossum WVulpex and several fine Brasso- 
Cattleyas. There was also a strong plant of 
Leha Jongheana with large flowers. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for 
an exhibit containing a handsome specimen 
of the pretty Masdevallia  triangularis, 
Cattleya Octave Dom, C. Enid, with a spike 
of 5 flowers, the bright Lzelio-Cattleya Myra, 
Brasso-Cattleya Menda, Cymbidium hybrids 
and Dendrobiums. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, received 
a Silver Banksian Medal for an exhibit in 
which were several excellent Odontiodas, the 
noble Angraecum sesquipedale, Leelio-Cattleya 
Lucia, L.-C. Dr. R. Schiffman, Cattleyas in 
variety, and Cymbidium Pauwelsu, less than 
four years old, but carrying a good spike. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
received a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
attractive exhibit containing pleasing varieties 
of Cymbidium Alexander, C. eburneo- 
Lowianum concolor, Cypripedium Lady 
Chance, the richly coloured Odontoglossum 
Grogam and Odontioda Devossiana. 

Mr. Harry Dixon, Wandsworth Common, 
was awarded a Bronze Banksian Medal for a 
neat group in which were a superb variety of 
Odontoglossum ardentissimum, the scarce O. 
Oerstedi with 24 flowers, choice varieties of 
3rasso-Cattleya Queen Alexandra, Miltonia 
Bleuana nobilior and Cymbidiums Pauwels 
and Lowio-grandiflorum. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
showed Odontioda Lady Colman (C. Noezliana 
x Od. Queen of Gatton), of brillant red 
colour; also Od. Lambeauianum, with a spike 
of 22 flowers. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


167 


Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
exhibited Odontoglossum Farnesu (Craw- 
shayanum x Rolfez), with a large labellum, 
the base rich crimson, the apex pure white. 

Geo. W. Bird, Esq., West Wickham, Kent, 
exhibited Odontioda Sultan (crispo-Harry- 
anum x Charlesworthu), of dark crimson 
colour ; O. Gladys (Pescatorei x Bradshawie), 
a pretty hybrid with bright rose margin, 
Odontoglossum eximium with  claret-red 
blotches, obtained from crispum Lucianu, and 
Od. Queen Elizabeth, a promising seedling of 
unknown parentage. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Brackenhurst, 
Pembury, showed his fine variety of Odonto- 
glossum Amethyst, with a spike of 17 richly 
coloured flowers. 

Richd. G. Thwaites, Esq. Streatham, 
exhibited Brasso-Cattleya Mildred (B.-C. 
Digbyano-Schrodere x C. Schréderee), with a 
white flower, and Odontoglossum Edna, a 
pretty rose-coloured flower, of which Rossu 
rubescens 1s a parent. 

Mrs. Norman Cookson, Wylam, showed 
Odontioda Sibyl superba, with a spike of 10 
reddish-crimson flowers. 

C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Sussex, 
exhibited Odontoglossum ardentissimum Eric, 
with a spike of 35 richly coloured flowers. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, showed 
Cattleya Enid, Odontoglossum  crispum 
xanthotes, a pleasing variety of Odontioda 
Bradshawia, and O. Charlesworthu, a well- 
grown plant with a spike of 23 flowers. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


February 18th, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Z. A. 
Ward, Esq. (an the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, J. 
Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, 
ij: lowes, AL” Je Keelne, D. Mcleod, C. 
Parken, Si sohackleton, H. Thorp, G. 
Weatherby and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; Wm. Thomp- 


168 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


son, Esq., Walton Grange; and Z. A. Ward, 
Isq., Northenden. 

Silver Medals were granted to Mrs. R. le 
Doux, West Derby; F. A. Hindley, Esq: 
Bradford; Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Chel- 
tenham; Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. 
Albans; Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, 
Bradford ; and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford. 

Other exhibitors included S. Gratrix, Esq., 
Mr. D. McLeod, and Messrs. Hassall and Co. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum crispum Walton Beauty, 
good round flower, rich marble markings ; 
and Cypripedium aureum Hyeanum “Goliath,” 
a large flower of the type, both from Wm. 
‘Thompson, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Herculaneum, a_ large 
round flower of perfect form, each of the 
segments having a large blotch on the pure 
white ground. One of the finest hybrid 
Odontoglossums. 

Cypripedium Desdemona “ Haddon House 
var.” (Alcibiades x Mrs. Cary Batten), a very 
fine flower, dorsal sepal 3 inches across, well 
marked and margined with white, petals 
1% inches wide, from P. Smith, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontioda Patricia (Oda. Charlesworthu x 
Odm. Phoebe), and Cypripedium Britannia, 
parentage unknown, both from Wm. Thomp- 
son, Esq. 

Odontioda Seymoure var. Mica (Charles- 
worthi x Bradshawiz)}, from R. Ashworth, 
Esq. 


AWARDS OF APPRECIATION. 
Odontioda Euterpe and Oncidioda walton- 


ensis (C. Vulcanica » O. incurvum), both from 
Wm. Thompson, Esq. 


[April, 1915. 


March 4th, 1915. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J}. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. Cypher, J. Evans, 
A. Hanmer, Dr. Hartley, J. Howes, J. Lupton, 
D. McLeod, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, H- 
Thorp, Z. A. Ward and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to 
R. Ashworh, Esq. Newchurch, and Wm. 
Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, for excellent 
exhibits. 

Silver Medals were granted to Col. J. 
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn; Messrs. Cypher 
and Sons, Cheltenham; and Messrs. Sander 
and Sons, St. Albans. 

Other exhibitors included A. J. Oakshott, 
Esq., Birkenhead; S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley 
Range; J. Butterworth, Esq. Burnley; 
Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford ; 
and Mr. D. McLeod, Chorlton-cum-Hardy. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Cypripedium Daisy Barclay var. nigrum, a 
massive flower of deep colour, with broad, flat 
petals, from Wm. Thompson, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Leelio- Cattleya Lucasiana var.  atro- 
purpurea, and Odontoglossum illustrissimum 
“\W. L. Evans,” both from Wm. Thompson, 
Esq. 

Odontoglossum  excellens “Mrs. R. 
Ashworth,” and Odontioda Bradshawize 
“Ashlands var.,” both from R. Ashworth, 
Esq. 

Odontoglossum Aireworth “Rosy Gem,” 
and O. amabile “Mrs. A. Oakshott,” both 
from A. J. Oakshott, Esq. 

Odontioda West Point Beauty (Oda. 
Bradshawie x Odm. eximium), from S. 
Gratrix, Esq. 

Odontoglossum maculum (maculatum x 
aspersum), from Wm. Thompson, Esq. 


CSE? 


C> EX Seay 
SATAY (OD) SO) Y A®@) 
LEBEL OO VW JOD EEO 


CELE: 


ORCHID WORLD 


MAY, 1915. 


NOTES. 


THEN AND Now.—In 1845 Dr. Lindley 
wrote :—‘ We now proceed to give an account 
of the species of another of those large genera 
of Orchids, which fill our collections with their 
species, and whose names are to be found 
scattered through so many books that even 
the most skilful botanist scarcely knows 
where to search for them, or when his inquiry 
is exhausted.” What would this great 
Orchidologist have said concerning present- 


day hybrids? 


@w@ Ww gs 


Mr. CHAMBERLAIN’S ORCHIDS.—The sale 
of this well-known collection, which took 
place April 15th and 16th, attracted a large 
number of visitors to Messrs. Protheroe and 
Morris’ rooms in Cheapside. The eagerness 
with which amateurs bid for the plants 
showed how great was the desire to obtain 
mementos of this famous collection, for go 
where one may the names of Chamberlain 
and Orchids have long been inseparable. A 
special feature was the large number of 
strangers, people who had never previously 
attempted the cultivation of these plants, but 
who now wish to follow in the great 
statesman’s footsteps, at least, so far as his 
garden walks were concerned. 


kes 
Nee 
VES 
Wee 
eS 
Ne 


‘ ODONTOGLOSSUM INSLEAYI—Of the 
several varieties of this Mexican species that 
known as splendens is one of the best. At the 
sale of Mr. Chamberlain’s collection a plant of 
this variety, consisting of four bulbs, realised 
the comparatively high sum of 12 guineas, the 


purchaser being Mr. W. Waters Butler, of 


VOL. V. 


Thus the plant, 
after a brief visit to London, returns to the 
surroundings it has long enjoyed. But there 
is something further to note, for O. Insleay1 
was introduced by Mr. Barker, of Birming- 
ham, as long ago as 1838, and named in 
honour of Mr. Insleay, at that time his 


Edgbaston, Birmingham. 


gardener. It is pleasing to know that 
Birmingham may still be proud of her 
Ss / I 


Orchids, for the collection formed by Mr. 
Waters Butler ranks amongst the finest in the 
country. 


uy 


Ke 


BAckK BULBS.—In our issue of February, 
1914, we gave an illustration of the propa- 
gation of Odontoglossums by utilising the 
back bulbs, as carried on in the Linden House 
collection, Stanwix, Carlisle. The owner of 
this collection, Sir Benjamin Scott, now sends 
us excellent examples of the beneficial results 
thereby obtained. A back bulb of a hybrid 
Odontoglossum, bearing the name Edenense, 
has been carefully grown on for two or three 
seasons by his able gardener, Mr. Accleton, 
with the result that the flower shows 
considerable improvement on that produced 
by the original plant. The newly-made plant 
has received every attention so far as its 
cultural requirements are concerned, and is 
consequently abundantly supplied with 
vigour and nutritive material, the final result 
being an excellent flower of large size and 
handsomely blotched with claret-purple. By 
this means not only can the stock of a 
favourite variety be increased, but the plants 
are maintained in a healthy and vigorous 
condition, which is a far more satisfactory 
state of affairs than a number of worn-out 
plants sadly in need of skilled attention. 


22 


170 THE. ORCHID WORLD: 


Lycaste aromatica. 


LYCASTE AROMATICA—Although this 
species has been known for nearly a century 
it has lost none of its value as an interesting 
addition to the cool house, where, on account 
of its dwarf nature, it forms a suitable subject 
for the front of the staging. It 1s said to have 
been first sent by Lord Napier from Mexico 
to the Botanic Garden at Edinburgh some 


time previous to the year 1820. During the. 


past few months it has been flowering freely 
in the collection of Col. Stephenson R. Clarke, 
C.B., Borde Hill, Cuckfield, where it grows 
well in company with a varied selection of 
Lycaste Skinneri and other members of the 
genus. L. aromatica produces many one- 
flowered scapes about 4-6 inches in height, 
the colour of the sepals and petals being 
orange or golden-yellow, the three-lobed 
labellum golden-yellow spotted with red. 
The specific name is derived from the pleasant 
aromatic perfume which it freely emits. Dr. 
Lindley mentions a variety with “very clear 
yolk-of-egg yellow flowers, and the middle 
lobe of the lip dilated and almost two-lobed.” 


ONCIDIUM MICROCHILUM.—A _ vigorous 
batch of plants of this pretty species may be 
seen in the houses of Messrs. Stuart Low and 
Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, where many other 
similar kinds are also cultivated. O. 
muicrochilum was discovered in Guatemala, in 
1838, by Mr. G. Ure Skinner, who gives the 
following particulars:——“I found it on the 


top of the Cuesta of Puentezuelas. It was 


[May, 1915- 


growing on a bare rock, with a quantity of 
aead leaves and grasses about 1S bulbs, ana 
lcs TOOLS WOVeN Inco the imnterscices Or the rock 
and mould about it; very much exposed to 
ine sun, except during the middle of tne day, 
when a ledge of rock seemed to alftord 1t a 
little shade. 1 afterwards found it in great 
abundance on the rocky banks of tne river 
Muichatayal. 1 never saw it except in such 
situations, generally exposed, and always 
among rocks. {he temperature generally ot 
the above habitats 1s 68-70 degrees, and, trom 
beimg exposed, cold at nights.” Concerning 
this tragrant species, Dr. Lindley remarks :— 
“ Although not a very splendid plant, it 1s far 
from being undeserving of notice. Its very 
glaucous flower-stem, the snow-white lip and 
crimson petals, lying as it were in the middle 
of dusky brown sepals, produce a singular 
and pleasing effect.” ‘This plant is remarkable 
for the almost obsolete intermediate lobe of 
the labellum, and for the variety of colours 
present in the flowers, which are, however, 
variable in this respect. In habit of growth 
the plants resemble the better known O. 
splendidum, but the keel on the back of the 
leaf is not nearly so well developed. 


Xe 
Ke 
Ke 


Mr. FRANK READER.—As chief cashier to 
the Royal Horticultural Society Mr. Reader 
has just completed 25 years’ service, and to 
mark their appreciation of the fact the 
Council has presented him with a silver 
teapot, sugar basin and cream jug, while the 
Treasurer, Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, has given 
six silver teaspoons and sugar tongs; the 
Secretary, Rev. W. Wilks, three Royal 
Worcester cups and saucers, and the office 
staff a Japanese tea tray. This recognition 
Mr. Reader has well deserved, and it will give 
pleasure to his large circle of friends. His 
never failing willingness to be of assistance 
to others, more especially to members of the 
Press, and those connected with the working 
of the principal shows, has earned for him 
considerable esteem, and done much towards 
the furtherance of that friendly feeling so 
conducive to the advancement of horticulture. 


May, 1915. | 


BULBOPHYLLUM DICHROMUM.— This inter- 
esting species has recently been in flower in 
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, 
Dublin. It carried three spikes, each about 
10-12 inches in length, and bearing some 20 
or more flowers, bright yellow, the petals 
striped with red, the lip claret-red. It was 
imported from Annam by Messrs. Sander and 
Sons, through their collector Micholitz, and 
first flowered at Glasnevin, February, 1907. 
It is allied to B. fuscopurpureum. 


eK 


ODONTOGLOSSUM OERSTEDII.— Concerning 
this pretty little species with its white flowers, 
Messrs. Veitch state it was introduced 
by them through their collector Endres 
in 1872, and flowered for the first time 
in England in their Chelsea nursery in 
the spring of the following year. It is 
a native of the highest slopes and 
crests, at 7,000-9,000 feet elevation, of 
trasa and. Vurtalba, m Costa Rica, 
where it was discovered in 1848 by 
Warscewicz, a sketch of an Odonto- 
glossum made by him being believed 
by Reichenbach to be referable to this 
plant. It was afterwards found by Dr. 
Oersted, whose name it perpetuates. 
Of late years the plant has been rarely 
seen in cultivation, but an excellent specimen 
carrying no less than 24 flowers has been 
exhibited recently by Mr. Harry Dixon, of 
Spencer Park Nursery, Wandsworth Common. 


és 


KS 
Wee 


THE R.H.S. EXHIBITIONS.—The impression 
left upon me, after visiting the shows during 
the last few months, is one of dissatisfaction, 
which arises from seeing the diminutive 
character of the usual run of Orchid plants 
shown. Is the art of prolonged cultivation 
failing, or is the idea of variety overwhelming 
in its demands, so that numbers and assort- 
ment are the main thoughts of exhibitors. If 
this be the case, it is to be regretted. One 
thinks of the old shows on record, where size 
of individual plant and large quantity of 
bloom on it was a frequent sight, but latterly 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 171 


a Dendrobe with half-a-dozen or so blooms 
seems to be the finality which merits a front 
place on the stall. The immense number of 
seedlings raised accounts, of course, for much 
of the small size of the plants; and the 
feverish anxiety to produce a new form or 
colour is all very well and commendable, but 
one would like to see more often plants of a 
more mature character and fuller bloomed. 
Take, for instance, the Cypripedium, how 
often is a plant with a dozen flowers on it to 
be seen at the shows? Or, again, a Cattleya 
with, say, 20-25 flowers? The number 
nowadays seems normally about 4-5. Where 
are the plants of old times, which were a 
garden unto themselves? If now extinct 


i\\ \ \ 
ub) Mis 
Odontoglossum Oerstedii. 


surely present day cultivation can produce 
larger specimens more commonly. Is it not 
more satisfying to view a well matured plant 
with numerous blooms than to look at many 
little plants with, perhaps, but a bloom 
apiece. Cannot some of our growers gladden 
our eyes with larger specimens at the shows? 


—ATf. J. Paine, Wanstead. 


CYRTOPODIUMS.—Two handsome species 
of this genus have just produced fine 
inflorescences with Messrs. Charlesworth and 
Co. The first is C. Andersont, with sepals 
and petals yellow, faintly tinged with green, 
the lip rich yellow; while the second is C. 
punctatum, with yellow flowers spotted with 
red. Both species grow to a height of 3-4 feet. 


172 THE (ORCHID “WORLD: 


ODONTOGLOSSUM HUNNEWELLIANUM 
CITRINUM.—Although we are accustomed to 
speak of albino varieties as though there 
existed but one kind, and that a pure white 
flower, there are in fact two distinct sections 
into which the various forms may be placed. 
The first contains the true albinos, those 
flowers which are pure white on account of 
losing their characteristic rose-purple colour 

-be this in spots and blotches, or suffused 
over the flower—and of which 
examples are seen in albino varieties of 
Odontoglossum crispum and Cattleya labiata. 
The second section contains the yellow- 


whole 


grounded flowers, which are also termed 
albinos when they lose their additional 
rose-purple pigment. Examples are to be seen 
in Odontoglossum triumphans aureum and 
Cypripedium insigne Sandere. Thus the 
removal of the purple colour leaves us with 
pure white flowers in one case, and with 
yellow flowers in the other. The latest 
addition to the yellow-grounded section is 
Odontoglossum Hunnewellianum  citrinum, 
which has been flowered by Mr. Fred. J. 
Hanbury, of Brockhurst, East Grinstead. In 
this interesting variety the sepals and petals 
are entirely devoid of spotting, being of clear 
citron-yellow colour, while the whitish 
labellum has light brown spotting of a faint 
nature. It is also of interest to note that 
while the labellum is invariably the first 
segment to show spotting, it is the last to lose 
it. O. Hunnewellianum appears to have 
first flowered in England in the year 18809, 
while the well-known natural hybrid O. 
Adriane (crispum x Hunnewellianum) was 
first exhibited by M. Linden in 1897, since 
when it has turned up in large quantities, and 
has been mated with crispum, the result, 
known as Fascinator, resembling closely 
many of the so-called spotted crispums. 


xy SN Ma 


CYMBIDIUM INSIGNE ALBUM.—Who ever 
thought of an albino variety of C. insigne? 
yet such indeed has appeared amongst a 
number of plants cultivated by Mr. Wm. 
Bolton, of Warrington. The whole flower is 


[May, 1915. 


ivory-white, the typical rose-purple markings 
on the labellum having entirely disappeared, 
their place being taken by some light 
ereenish-yellow lines on the inner part of the 
side lobes and a few spots of the same colour 
on the median part; even these are barely 
visible except by transmitted light. The crest 
is light yellow. At present the plant is small 
and needs cultivation to bring forth its full 
merits, but the first spike of flowers suggests 
what interesting and beautiful results may be 
obtained if it is used in conjunction with C. 
eburneum. The plant has passed into the 
collection of Mr. Philip Smith, Ashton-on- 
Mersey, and obtained an Award of Merit at 
the meeting of the Manchester Orchid 
Society, April Ist, 1915. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM SYRINX. 


Kege jani crispum 
| (Raymond Crawshay) 
| 


waltoniense crispum 
| | (Luciani) 


| 


Syrinx 


It is very interesting to see how the laws 
of Nature work regarding the preservation 
of species from annihilation by hybrids. 
Considering the heavy blotched parentage of 
this hybrid, it would be almost reasonable to 
expect the fixing of the markings, as I 
selected a very deeply blotched waltoniense 
for the purpose. 

The first plant to bloom has a light creamy- 
white ground colour, almost a “self,” over all 
the segments, the sepals having three or four 
brown spots, the petals one only in each of 
the two flowers, the lip a central blotch and 
some spots at the sides; the column is brown 
headed, the wings tinted; the anther-cap has 
a brown shade. The lip recurves as does that 
of crispum Luciani, and is “varnished” all 
over, as is the case in Kegeljani. 

It is interesting to record a case of such 
marked reversion to crispum pure and simple, 
although, of course, heavily biotched forms 
will result from the cross. 


de B.Crawshay, Rosefield, March 28th, ror5. 


May, 1915. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 17° 


“I 
~ 


Odontioda Gladys (Odm. Pescatorei x Oda. Bradshawie). 


ODONTIODA GLADYS. 


by the introduction of Odontioda 

Vuylstekeze (C. Noezliana x O. Pesca- 
torei), for until that time, May, 1904, the 
prevailing colour in spotted Odontoglossums 
was rose-purple, with occasional shades of 
brown. The addition of Cochhoda Noezlana, 
with its scarlet-red colour, marked the 
commencement of what has since proved to 
be one of the most welcome additions ever 
made by the hybridist to the Orchid family. 

In January, 1907, appeared Odontioda 
Bradshawie (C. Noezliana x O. crispum), 
which was soon followed by a rapid succession 
of others, the number of crosses now recorded 
being astonishing. To the Odontoglossums 
has been added a whole series of flowers, the 
markings on which vary from small spots to 
large blotches, and even total suffusion, the 
colour ranging from bright scarlet to dark 
crimson. 

While both O. Vuylstekez and O. Brad- 
shawiez will remain historic as being the first 
and second hybrids respectively of C. 
Noezliana, one of the latest results is to be 
seen in O. Gladys (Odm. Pescatore1 x Oda. 


| } LEVEN years ago we were all startled 


VOL. V. 


Bradshawiz), raised by Mr. Geo. W. Bird, of 
West Wickham, Kent. The parentage shows 
that the specific characters of the two original 
Odontiodas have been combined in a most 
pleasing manner, as may be seen in the 
accompanying illustration. It may be said 
that the flower is one half Pescatorei, one 
quarter crispum and one quarter Noezliana. 
The cream-coloured flower has the central 
area of each segment neatly spotted with 
scarlet-red, while around the margin is a band 
of bright rose. These two attractive colours, 
together with the bright yellow crest on the 
labellum, make up a truly picturesque flower. 

VANDA CRISTATAThis singular and 
pretty Vanda has been in flower with Messrs. 
Sander and Sons, and also Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean. It is a native of the lower or tropical 
Himalayan zone, and appears to have been 
first gathered by Dr. Wallich in 1818, who 
sent it to the Royal Gardens, Kew, where it 
flowered for the first time in Europe. Messrs. 
Rollisson, of Tooting, flowered it in 1842, and 
were probably the first to distribute it among 
the Orchid collections of Great Britain. 
Flowers greenish, the lip with red-purple 
lines. 


23 


174 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[May, 1915. 


Odontioda Zenobia. 


ODONTIODA ZENOBIA. 


in May, 1904, there has been a 
continual flow of novelties, more so 

than is perhaps necessary to sustain an 
interest in these attractive flowers, yet, 
although no one can say there are too many, 
or that there are any signs of their popularity 
decreasing, the interest 1s gradually passing 
into the newer and finer varieties. It does 
not seem to matter much how the various 
species of Odontoglossum are combined with 
the pretty little Cochlioda Noezliana, for 
whenever it is used there is bound to be a 
considerable amount of scarlet-red coloration 
in the offspring, but to achieve the finest 
results considerable experience in blending 
the various component species is necessary. 
In Odontioda Zenobia we have as parents 
two very beautiful hybrids, namely Odm. 
percultum and Oda. Charlesworthu. The 
first is a cross between Rolfezw (Pescatorei x 
Harryanum) and ardentissimum (crispum x 
Pescatore1), in which it will be seen that the 


f VER since the first Odontioda flowered, 


two most plentiful and useful Odonto- 
glossums, crispum and _ Pescatorei, are 
combined with the richly coloured Harry- 
anum. In the majority of percultums the 
labellum is rose-coloured, doubtless due to 
Harryanum influence, while the shape is that 
of Pescatorei—broadest at its apex—owing to 
this species being on both sides of the 
parentage. A glance at the adjoining illus- 
tration will show how this characteristic 1s 
perpetuated in Zenobia. 

We must now consider the other parent, 
Oda. Charlesworthu. The outstanding attrac- 
tion in Zenobia is the glorious crimson-red 
colour of its sepals and petals, this being 
richer than that yet seen in any other 
Odontioda. It 1s mainly due to the Cochlioda 
species, and also to ardentissimum, for in the 
making of the latter a richly blotched crispum 
was used, and those critics who have studied 
ardentissimums know how the influence of 
Pescatorei1 makes the blotching run over a 
much larger area than is seen in the crispum 
parent. Another point of interest is the 
remarkable thick texture of all the segments, 


May, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 17 


which is attributed to Harryanum, and, in a 
lesser degree, to the Cochlioda. 

Odontioda Zenobia is in the collection of 
Mr. F. Menteith Ogilvie, The Shrubbery, 
Oxford, where it finds most suitable surround- 
ings in company with many other superb 
members of its class. When exhibited at the 
Royal Horticultural Society, March 24th, 
1G14, it received a First-class Certificate. Our 
illustration is reproduced from the Society’s 
Journal. 

An excellent variety of this hybrid received 
a similar award at the Manchester Orchid 
Society, April 1st, 1915, when shown by Mr. 
Wm. Thompson, who kindly sends the flower 
to us for inspection. In this the labellum is 
almost equal in colour to that of the sepals 
and petals, while the prominent crest on the 
labellum is composed of ten fringed keels. 

A third example, bearing the varietal name 
Leeana, received an Award of Merit, Royal 
Horticultural Society, April 13th, 1915. In 
this the apical portion of the labellum is pure 
white, while the sepals and petals are of 
crimson-purple. When viewed by transmitted 
light blotches are obscurely visible on the 
central portion of the petals. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM ADRIXIA. 


Anything from a pure Adriane to an 
eximium, with a touch of Adriane in it, 
describes this hybrid. Copiously spotted on 
a cream-white ground of Adriane form, 
rounded-up by the eximium, which was a very 
fine one, was the first to bloom with me. 
Almost solid ground of purplish-brown with 
the peculiar tint of burnt brown derived from 
Hunnewellianum was the first to bloom with 
Mr. Armstrong, who crossed the flowers and 
kindly gave me some seed to raise. 


At present, no reversion to crispum has - 


appeared, the tendency being towards the 
powerful little Hunnewellianum, which proves 
as strong a parent as Lindleyanum, and which 
I have not much doubt was the basic species 
in its own district. 

de B.Crawshay, Rosefield, April roth, rors. 


un 


R.H.S. AWARDS. 


HE exhibiting of immature seedlings 
| brings forth several points worthy of 
our careful consideration, and the 
following notes may, it is hoped, be of some 
assistance in finding a solution to a problem 
which has for some time past been on the 
minds of members of the R.H.S. Orchid 
Committee, as well as others interested in the 
subject. 

Ata recent meeting of the above Committee 
an Odontoglossum hybrid, flowering for the 
first time, and on a small seedling bulb, was 
placed upon the table for inspection. The 
meritorious nature of the flower caused one 
member to propose a First-class Certificate, 
but others who intended voting in favour of 
the same withheld their assistance when 
another member enquired what was to be 
given the plant when it reached maturity and 
produced a still finer flower, if, as now 
proposed, the highest honour was granted. 
On the chairman suggesting that the 
Committee defer their award until the plant 
flowered again the following season there was 
no further comment. The raiser of the plant 
consequently received no encouragement, his 
position being the same as if he had shown 
the poorest weed. 

It may be argued that in the above case 
the Society's other award—an Award of 
Merit—should have been used, thus leaving 
the higher award available for the plant as 
soon as it reached maturity. But against this 
treatment lies the fact that many First-class 
Certificates have been granted to other 
seedlings of equal and sometimes inferior 
merit, consequently the granting to this plant 
of what is virtually a second-class award 
would at once place it in a detrimental 
position. 

If once it became known that immature 
seedlings were prohibited from receiving 
certificates there would be very few novelties 
exhibited, and the Orchid amateurs as wel: 
as the general public would not only be 
debarred from seeing many interesting plants, 
but they would be prevented from keeping in 
touch with the progressive work of the 


176 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


hybridist. On this account the Society should 
offer every inducement to raisers in order that 
they may bring forth their latest productions. 

Now it is by no means easy to determine 
exactly what this inducement should be. 
Although the F.C.C. and A.M. awards have a 
recognised value amongst a limited number 
of the Society’s Fellows, it is very ques- 
tionable whether the general public have any 
idea as to which of the two is the highest 
honour. In the year 1862 a Second-class 
Certificate was brought into use, although, 
unfortunately, it has long since remained in 
abeyance, but it served to denote clearly the 
relative distinction. For example, in June, 
1864, Cypripedium Hookerze was exhibited 
by Mr. B. S. Willams and received a Second- 
class Certificate, while in July of the same 
year Mr. W. Bull obtained a First-class 
Certificate for another variety of the same 
species. In this method of grading anyone 
can form a correct opinion of the comparative 
value of the two varieties, but an Award of 
Merit would determine no position whatever. 

Now supposing First and Second-class 
Certificates were only used for fully-grown 
plants, the Award of Merit could then be 
utilised for those immature plants which the 
Committee wished to recognise as worthy 
additions with a future before them; by 
so doing considerable encouragement and 
reward would be given to the raiser. When 
these A.M. seedlings reach maturity they can 
then receive their due appreciation by the 
awarding of First or Second-class Certificates, 
as the case may deserve. 

When the first seedling of a new hybrid 
opens its flowers, how is it possible for anyone 
to tell whether of its kind it be good or bad? 
It may be an average variety, or perhaps one 
of the finest that will ever be seen, but its 
true position of merit can only be ascertained 
by comparison with others of its kind. Thus 
it comes about that many of the R.HLS. 
First-class certificated plants are inferior to 
those which have obtained an Award of Merit. 

Take, for example, the introduction of a 
new hybrid that is recognised by many 
members of the Committee as an advance in 
the production of a beautiful flower, and to 


[May, 1915- 


which a First-class Certificate is granted. 
What does this award really mean? According 
to tradition it should convey to the minds of 
one and all that it is the best of its kind, a 
position which it may only hold for a few 
weeks, for when first seen no one knows its 
true value. Evidently the intention of the 
Committee was to recognise the fact that the 
raiser had made a meritorious advance, but 
this would have been best effected by the 
granting of an Award of Merit, leaving the 
exact position of honour to be decided later, 
whenever our knowledge of the pariicular 
hybrid in question had advanced sufhciently. 
The tendency of the Committee is to grant 
awards as though made directly to the raiser 
in recognition of his skill, although in 
conformity with the R.H.S. rules they should 
be granted to the aciual plant. 


RARITIES IN MR. COBB'S 
COLLECTION. 


[) ites the past few months the 


following rarities have been flowering 
in Mr. Walter Cobb’s collection, at 
Normanhurst, Rusper, the formation of which 
was commenced so long ago as 1869. 
Angrecum Leonis is in first-class condition. 
It was discovered by Leon Humblot in the 
Comoro Islands, and introduced by him into 
European gardens in 1885. Itisa remarkable 
addition to the genus, and in a horticultural 
sense one of the most useful of Angrzecums 
on account of the freedom with which its 
chaste blossoms are produced. Botanically it 
is a very imteresting plant; its leaves are 
equitant, that is to say, the upper surfaces on 
each side of the mid-nerve cohere to each 
other, except at the base, like the leaves of 
some species of Iris, and the blade is thence 
brought into a vertical position and imparts a 
habit to the plant that is peculiar to the 
species so far as our present knowledge of the 
genus extends. The ancipitous winged 
pedicels, the funnel-lhke upper part of the 
spur of the labellum, and the cleft rostellum 
are also noteworthy characters. 
Odontoglossum Wallisii is now rarely seen 


May, 1915. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 177 


in cultivation. It was discoverd by Wallis in 
1868 on the Sierra Nevada, near Merida, 
in Venezuela, and sent by him to Linden’s 
establishment in Belgium, where it flowered 
in the spring of the following year. The 
plant in Mr. Cobb's collection bears the 
varietal name purum, which is, in fact, the 
specific name given by Reichenbach in 1872. 
The flower resembles the better known 
C. Lindleyanum. 

Vanda Denisoniana is a very pretty species 
originally collected by Col. Benson, who 
found it growing in sheltered and shaded 
spots on large trees on the Arracan Mountains 
westward from Prome, and at an altitude of 
2,000-2,500 feet, where the mean temperature 
is about 70 degrees Fahr., and the average 
yearly rainfall is from go-100 inches. This 
species first flowered in England in Messrs. 
Veitch’s nursery at Chelsea, April, 1869, the 
blooms being of a greenish-white colour. 

Leptotes bicolor, also known as_ Tetra- 
micra bicolor, is a late winter and spring 
flowering species that was first introduced 
about the year 1831. Its native home is the 
Organ Mountains, and under cultivation it 1s 
best accommodated in shallow pans suspended 
from the roof of an intermediate house. The 
sepals and petals are linear-oblong, white, and 
the lip has two very short lateral lobes and 
an oblong front lobe nearly as long as the 
petals, white, streaked with purple on the 
disc. It is one of the parents of Lepto-Lelia 
Veitchu, the other being L. cinnabarina. 

Broughtonia sanguinea is interesting as 
being one of the earliest Orchids cultivated in 
England, it having been introduced to the 
Royal Gardens at Kew in 1793. Itis a native 
of Jamaica, where it is found growing on the 
trunks of trees not far from the seashore, 
often in company with Brassavola nodosa. 
The crimson colour of the flowers renders it 
very attractive. Plenty of bright light, heat 
and moisture are its principal requirements. 

Manillaria luteo-alba is a very striking 
species, and one which, when well grown, 
yields an abundance of large flowers. An 
illustration of a fine specimen with 70 flowers 
appeared in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IV., 
p. 41. As the specific name denotes, the 


VOL. V. 


colours are yellow and white; the side lobes 
of the labellum are striped with purple. 
Odontoglossum navium is a pretty flower 
of the better known cirrhosum habit. Its 
history dates from 1842, when it was 
discovered by Linden. 
denotes the “marked” nature of the flowers, 
which are white spotted with reddish-purple. 
It is a parent of three hybrids, namely Nerissa 
(naevium x crispum), Nephele (naevium x luteo- 
purpureum) and Neyvross (naevium x Rossi). 


The specific name 


FLOWERS IN SEASON. 


CYPRIPEDIUM HYBRID.—From Mr. Kenneth 
Vyrnwy House, Llansaintffraid, 
Mont., comes a very pleasing Cypripedium, 
having the expansive dorsal sepal bright 
apple-green bordered with white, and lightly 
spotted on the central area; the petals, which 
are neatly crimped on the upper margin, are 


Palmer, 


yellowish with slight crimson-brown shading 
and spotting. There is evidence of Spicer- 
ianum, insigne, and villosum in the flower, 
and a combination such as nitens Sallieri 
(insigne x villosum) x Leeanum giganteum 
(insigne x Spicerianum) would probably yield 
a similar flower. An attractive Odontioda is 
also sent, the colour being rich scarlet-red, 
due, of course, to Cochlioda Ncezliana, which 
so dominates the other parent as to completely 
hide its characteristic points. 
carries a spike of 23 flowers. 

ODONTOGLOssUM [AGO.—A flower of this 
hybrid between Harryanum and Hunnewel- 
lianum is sent by Mr. Eustace F. Clark, of 
Evershot, Dorset, and is of interest on account 
of the proof it gives of the great power of 
many of the smaller flowering species. In 
this case the blackish colour of Hunnewel- 
lianum has permeated the whole of the 
Harryanum markings. 

CYMBIDIUM ALEXANDERI RUBELLUM.—A 
flower of this handsome hybrid, between 
insigne and eburneo-Lowianum, is sent by 
Mr. B. J. Beckton, Irlams-o’-th’-Height, 
Manchester. The wax-like segments are of 
pinkish-white, the labellum boldly marked 
with a ruby-coloured blotch, as also is the 


The plant 


24. 


178 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


column. The spike carries 10 flowers. When 
this variety was exhibited by Messrs. A. J. 
Keeling and Sons at the Manchester Orchid 
Society, December 17th, 1914, 1t obtained an 
Award of Merit. 

ODONTIODA MADELINE VAR. SOLA.—A 
very remarkable flower of this hybrid comes 
from Mr. Wm. Thompson’s collection at 
Walton Grange, the labellum being consider- 
ably richer in coloration than the other 
segments. The parentage of this plant is 
Odontioda Charlesworthu x Odontoglossum 
crispum solum, and the striking manner in 
which the heavily blotched labellum of the 
latter parent 1s perpetuated in the seedling is 
the reason for Mr. Thompson adopting the 
same varietal name, although, of course, when 
used in conjunction with a feminine subject 
(Odontioda) its form is changed to sola. 

ONCIDIUM GARDNERIMr. Wm. Bolton, 
of Warrington, sends some interesting 
Oncidiums, of which that bearing the name 
Gardneri is the most attractive, by reason of 
its brightly coloured segments. This is no 
doubt a natural hybrid, possibly between 
Forbesu and dasytyle, although no one has 
as yet raised it artificially. The bright 
golden-yellow labellum is marked near the 
margin with crimson-brown spots. 

CYPRIPEDIUM MEROPE.—An _ excellent 
variety of this primary hybrid between 
Chamberlainianum and _hirsutissimum is 
kindly sent by Mr. R. Windsor Rickards, of 
Usk Priory, Monmouthshire. Both parents 
are well represented and blend in pleasing 
fashion. The apical ends of the lateral petals 
and the labellum are similarly covered with 
minute purple spots on a rose ground, thus 
giving additional proof of the close relation- 
ship existing between these three segments ; 
it has long been admitted that the labellum is 
in reality a modified petal. The dorsal sepal 
is greenish, vertically veined and spotted with 
dark purple-brown. Hirsutissimum is repre- 
sented by the hairy nature of the petals as 
well as their undulating upper margin, while 
the other parent is responsible for the 
additional flower buds on the spike. 

ONCIDIODA COOKSONIZ.—Among the 
most remarkable hybrids may be included 


[May, 1915. 


this cross between Cochlioda Noezliana and 
Oncidium macranthum, of which excellent 
flowers are sent by Sir Benjamin Scott, of 
Linden House, Stanwix, Carlisle. Notwith- 
standing the fact that the intense scarlet-red 
colour of the little Cochlioda parent has 
pervaded the whole flower, there 1s undeniable 
evidence of the Oncidium species. O. 
Cooksoniz should be represented in every 
collection. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM ARDENTISSIMUM.—A 
very fine variety of this hybrid comes from 
Mr. Goodson’s collection, at Fairlawn, Putney. 
it bears the name of his gardener, Mr. Geo. 
IE. Day, who has brought it to an excellent 
condition of thick substance and_ bright 
coloration. From the same source we receive 
various varieties of Odontoglossum Calypso 
(tr1umphans x Lambeauianum), in one of 
which all evidence of the Harryanum species 
has disappeared, leaving a flower precisely 
similar to excellens (triumphans x Pescatorei). 

ODONTOGLOSSUM HYBRID.—A pleasing 
hybrid Odontoglossum of bright yellow colour 
is sent by Mr. A. G. Grant, of Rugby House, 
Cleethorpes. The formation of the labellum, 
with its large central blotch, shows that 
triumphans is responsible for the yellow 
colour, and this species when used in conjunc- 
tion with crispum gives us the hybrid known 
as harvengtense. There is also slight 
evidence of Harryanum, the whole flower 
reminding one of Wiganianum (harvengtense 
x Rolfez). From the same collection comes 
Cattleya Triane “Emilie,” an attractive 
flower in which the bright purple on the 
labellum covers the whole of the apical 
portion, the broad petals being an additional 
point of merit. Doubtless it will improve still 
further as the plant gains in strength. 

ODONTOGLOssUMS.—From the collection 
of Mr. H. T. Pitt, Stamford Hill, is sent by 
Mr. Thurgood a good variety of O. Vuyl- 
stekei, the richly coloured O. Gundreda 
(Edwardu x Hunnewellianum), O. Wigan- 
ianum, of bright yellow, with a few spots, and 
Lelhio-Cattleya Avoca (L. Latona x C. 
Trianz), in which the cinnabarina species, 
derived through the former parent, imparts a 
pleasing tint. 


May, torts. | DHE ORCHID 


WORLD. 179 


Odontoglossum mirum, The Dell variety. (R.H.S. Journal.) 


ODONTOGLOSSUM MIRUM.—In the making 
of this handsome hybrid two well-known 
Colombian species are concerned. The first 
is O. crispum, with its broad-petalled white 
segments, usually unspotted, while the second 
is O. luteopurpureum, with narrow sepals and 
petals of dull yellow heavily spotted with 
dark brown. As they grow intermixed it is 
not surprising to find a hybrid between them 
occasionally appearing in importations of O. 
crispum. To this the name Wilckeanum has 
long been applied. The general form shows an 
improvement over that of luteopurpureum, but 
the more the segments widen in conformity 


with those of crispum, so the spotting lessens 
The aim of the hybridist has 
been to obtain flowers having both wide 


accordingly. 


segments and massive blotches, an event not 
often accomplished. By crossing Wilckeanum 
with a good blotched variety of crispum 
success has been achieved, several seedlings 
showing the much desired characters. The 
hame mirum is applied to ail hybrids of this 
parentage, and our illustration shows one of 
the best, The Dell variety, which carried a 
spike of 15 flowers, and obtained a First-class 
Certificate when exhibited by Baron Schrader 
at the Temple Show, May, Igrt. 


180 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[May, 1915. 


Cattleya Warscewicziit var. Frau Melanie Beyrodt. 


CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZII. 


N the early days of hybridisation no great 
importance was attached to the varieties 
of parents used, the mere production of 

a hybrid quite satisfied the ambition of both 
raiser and subsequent owner ; but in course of 
time the desire to produce something finer 
caused better parents to be used, and so the 
standard gradually rose until what appeared 


to be the limit of variation was reached, 
rendering further progress extremely slow. 
Little wonder then that the hybridists turned 
their attention to some of the distinct and 
rarer albino varieties of the popular species, 
with the hope that some, at least, of the results 
would carry forward their special charms, 
more especially that of perpetuating the 
albino characteristic in the resulting progeny. 

Take, for example, Cattleya Warscewiczii. 


May, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 181 


In many hybrids in which this species 1s a 
parent quite an ordinary variety was used, 
although the results achieved in the early 
days were considerably prized. Better results 
were obtained when finer varieties were used, 
namely, those of the saturata type, in which 
the labellum is almost covered with crimson- 
purple. In the variety known as Frau 
Melanie Beyrodt, of which we give an 
illustration, there 1s an excellent subject for 
creating hybrids of the albida section, or, in 
other words, flowers with white sepals and 
petals and a coloured labellum. To maintain 
these valued characteristics some care in the 
selection of the other parent is needed, for if 
flowers with purple coloured sepals and petals 
are used the results will be very disappointing. 

One of the first successes obtained by the 
use of this variety of Warscewiczu was C. 
Hardyana alba, the sepals and petals being 
either pure white or cream coloured, and 
making a pleasing variation to the typical 
forms of this natural as well as artificially 
raised hybrid. 

Cattleya Enid alba is another fine result 
produced by the use of this white Warsce- 
wiezn and Mossiz Reineckiana, the orange- 
yellow in the throat remaining as usual. 

In the case of L.-C. Britannia alba the other 
parent is L.-C. Canhamiana alba (purpurata 
x Mossi), the results showing various 
degrees of purple coloration of the labellum. 

As time goes on we shall obtain albida 
flowers of many of the well-known hybrids of 
Warscewiczu, and those built up with such 
good things as Loddigesu alba and Dussel- 
dorfe1 Undine cannot fail to be extremely 
useful and attractive. 

Our reproduced photograph is of a plant 
growing in “the collection of Mr. Clement 
Moore, Hackensack, New Jersey, U.S.A. 

Cattleya Warscewiczii was discovered about 
the year 1848, the first collection being lost 
through an accident to the ship conveying the 
plants down the river Magdalena, and it was 
not until 1870, when Roezl re-discovered the 
species, that it became plentiful in gardens. 
The flowering season extends from July to 
September, the spike being produced before 
the resting season, 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM ADRIEUM.—The result 
of crossing Adriane and illustrissimum. The 
plant, which carried a spike of 12 flowers, 
received an Award of Merit, Manchester 
Orchid Society, March 18th, 1915, when 
exhibited by Mr. Wm. Thompson. 

ODONTIODA MANCUNIA.—The result of 
crossing Oda. Bradshawie and Odm. Rio 
Tinto. Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM ST. ELoI—A pretty 
addition to the Edwardu hybrids, the 
parentage in this case being Thompsonianum 
and percultum. Flower of reddish-brown 
colour with yellowish tips to the segments. 
Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM NANCY.—The result of 
crossing Edwardu and excellens. Raised in 
Mr. Pitt’s collection, Rosslyn, Stamford Hill. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM PANAMA.—The parents 
of this pretty hybrid are Edwardu and 
Adriane. Raised by Mr. Thurgood, in the 
Rosslyn collection, Stamford Hill. 

LA@LIO-CATTLEYA PROMETHEUS.—This 
hybrid is the result of crossing L.-C. 
Gottoiana and L. Cowanu. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA YELLOW BIRD.—A fine 
addition to the yellow-flowering section has 
been made by Messrs. Flory and Black, who 
have produced this bright orange-yellow 
flower by means of L.-C. Doris (harpophylla 
x Trianee) and L.-C.G.S. Ball (cinnabarina x 
Schrédere). 

L.£LIO-CATTLEYA PANAMA.—This is the 
result of crossing C. Parthenia “Prince of 
Wales” and C. Triane alba, yielding a 
pleasing white flower. Raised by Messrs. 
Flory and Black. 

ODONTIODA NEBULA.—By using crispum 
as a seed bearer and Odontioda chelseaensis 
(C. vulcanica x O. crispum) as a pollen parent, 
Messrs. Flory and Black have produced this 
enlarged form of the Odontioda parent. 

CyPRIPEDIUM CANOPUS.—A flower of this 
new hybrid comes from the raiser, Mr. F. C. 
Puddle, of Scampston Hall Gardens, Rilling- 
ton. The parents are Psyche (niveum x 
bellatulum) and Lawrenceanum, the dorsal 
sepal being greenish and veined with 


182 THE VORCHID  WiORED: 


crimson; the drooping petals are broad, 
heavily marked with dark crimson lines and 
suffusion of the same colour; the whitish lip 
is speckled with rose-crimson. 

SOPHRO-CATTLEYA LODDIGESII. — This 
hybrid is included in the sale catalogue of 
Mr. J. Chamberlain’s collection, with the 
remark; “This cross has flowered here, but 
shows no trace of Sophronitis in the flower.” 
The parentage given is C. labiata x S.-C. 
Chamberlainiana. 

L£ZLIO-CATTLEYA CHAMBERLAINIANA.— 
This hybrid between L.-C. Amelia (cinna- 
barina x intermedia) and L.-C. elegans 
Yurneri is included in the sale catalogue of 
Mr. J. Chamberlain’s collection. 

CATTLEYA HERMIONE.—Harrisoniana and 
[.ldorado Wallis: are the parents of this 
hybrid, which forms an item in the sale 
catalogue of Mr. J. Chamberlain’s collection. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM LAURENCE BRESSON.— 
This hybrid, of which the parentage is given 
as Meteor and illustrissimum, received an 
Award of Merit, Manchester Orchid Society, 
when exhibited by Mr. J. Butterworth, 
April ist, 1Ors: 

ODONTIODA LUMINOSA.—A very _inter- 
esting hybrid between Odm. Rossii rubescens 
and Oda. Charlesworthii, and in which the 
spotting of the former parent has quite 
disappeared. Received a First-class Certifi- 
cate, Manchester Orchid Society, April Ist, 
when exhibited by Mr. R. Ashworth. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM PHILLIPSIANUM.—The 
result of crossing luteopurpureum Vuylstek- 
eanum and eximium, the flower being of 
orange-brown tints, the labellum elongated. 
Flowered by Mr. C. J. Phillips, The Glebe, 
Sevenoaks. 

ODONTOGLOsSUMS.—The following have 
been raised and named by Mr. Richd. 
G. Thwaites, Streatham Hiull:—Ardennes 
(Thwaitesu x ardentissimum) and _ Clovis 
(Wilckeanum x Lambeauianum). 

DENDROBIUM ZENO.— The parents of this 
bronze-yellow hybrid are chessingtonense and 
Thwaitesie. Raised in the Gatton Park 
collection by Mr. Collier. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM RAYONATUM. — This 
hybrid between venustulum and Lambeau- 


[May, 1915. 


lanum received a_ First-class Certificate, 
Manchester Orchid Society, April 15th, 1915, 
when exhibited by Mr. Wm. Thompson, of 
Walton Grange, Stone. The flower is almost 
covered with minute reddish-purple spots, 
producing a pretty effect. 

CATTLEYA QUEEN BEss.—On page 163 of 
our last issue we described a new hybrid 
under the name Cattleya Queen Elizabeth, 
which is already in use for another cross; on 
that account the hybrid between C. Schrédere 
and C. Empress Frederick is re-named Queen 
Bess. 


JOHN DAY’S ORCHID 
DRAWINGS. 


E have already mentioned a fine 

Vf collection of coloured drawings of 

Orchids at one time belonging 
to John Day, the celebrated amateur of 
Tottenham, which on being sold by auction 
became the property of Sir Jeremiah Colman, 
Bart.,, of Gatton Park, Surrey. There is, 
however, a second collection now preserved 
at Kew, and of which the Kew BudlZetzn, 
1900, p. 177, gives the following interesting 
account :— 

In September, 1902, Mrs. Wolstenholme, 
of High Cross, Tottenham, sister of Mr. John 
Day, well known during his period as an 
amateur grower of Orchids, presented to Kew 
the very valuable collection of drawings of 
cultivated Orchids made by that gentleman. 
Mrs. Wolstenholme had previously bequeathed 
the collection to Kew, but felt that she was 
delaying its usefulness by keeping it in her 
possession. As delivered at Kew, it consisted 
of 53 oblong books of about 90 pages each, 
with a complete index. The books have since 
been bound in 17 volumes, and they contain, 
approximately, 3,000 coloured drawings, with 
about 500 in sepia, besides original notes and 
a large number of cuttings from the 
Gardeners’ Chronicle and _ other papers 
relating to Orchids. We have not succeeded 
in finding any published biography of the 
author, and only a few scattered facts 
concerning his life and his collections. But 


May, 1915. | 


Mrs. Wolstenholme has communicated the 
tollowing particulars :— 

“John Day was born on February 3rd, 
1824, in London, where his father, a city 
merchant, resided until 1840, when the family 
removed to a pleasant old house in Tottenham. 
Atcer his father’s death, in 1851, he continued 
to live at the old house, and from there he 
married in 1853; but losing his wife in 1857 
he sold the old home and joimed Mr. 
and Mrs. Wolstenholme at High Cross, 
Tottenham, the present residence of Mrs. 
Wolstenholme. ‘1 hither, in 1858, he removed 
his large collection of cultivated .ferns, to 
which he had for some years devoted much 
attention. Shortly afterwards he took up the 
cultivation of Orchids. He built suitable 
houses and soon filled them with valuable 
plants. In course of time his collection 
became one of the richest and most famous 
of the period. Then his health broke down 
and he visited the Mediterranean countries, 
which gave him a zest for travelling to more 
remote places, and he subsequently went to 
India, Ceylon, Brazil, and Jamaica. In 1881, 
previous to these longer journeys, his 
collection of Orchids was brought to the 
hammer, and realised 47,000. Three plants 
of Cypripedium Stonei platyaenium fetched 
over £400. Subsequently he again became a 
collector of living Orchids, chiefly of rare and 
curious kinds. but latterly he devoted much 
attention to the dried ferns he had collected 
on his travels. He died on January 15th, 
1888, and his second collection of Orchids 
was sold in May of the same year, when a 
small plant of the Cypripedium mentioned 
above brought the sum of 4159 I2s. 

“For some years Mr. Day employed Mr. 
C. B. Durham, a miniature painter, who 
exhibited largely at the Royal Academy and 
Suffolk Street Galleries between 1828 and 
1858, to make coloured drawings of Orchids ; 
and from a note in the Kew Correspondence 
there were 300 drawings by this artist at a 
cost of 43 each. This collection, described 
as a very fine one, was sold by auction after 
Mr. Day’s death, and is now the property of 
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., of Gatton Park, 
Surrey. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 183 


“We have mentioned Durham because his 
name occurs here and there in Day’s books, 
appended to a drawing of a flower or a plant, 
and because he appears to have given Day 
lessons in drawing. In Book IV., p. 10, for 
instance, there is the note appended to a 
drawing of Cattleya bicolor: ‘My ninth 
lesson. At p. 66 of the same book is a 
coloured drawing of Cattleya Schilleriana 
splendens, and the following note: ‘ Drawn 
by Mr. Durham, June, 1862; the first drawing 
he ever did here. This from the plant bought 
at Mr. Allen’s sale at Stevens’ in June, 1860, 
and the subject of Mr. Durham's beautiful 
drawing in Voi. VIL, p. 11. 

“Tn 1863 Mr. Day himself began sketching, 
the first sketch being dated January 10th, and 
he continued to make drawings up to within 
a few weeks of his death, January 15th, 
1888, the last but one bearing the date 
November 12th, 1887, the last being undated. 
All the earlier ones are in ink, but in many 
cases he afterwards added coloured sketches, 
always giving the date when done. The 
earliest sketches are somewhat rough and 
diagrammatic, though botanically correct ; 
but he improved rapidly, and his later work 
was admirably executed, both as to drawing 
and colouring. Day must have been very 
industrious at that period, for by the middle 
of February, 1804, he was half-way through 
his seventh book, where (p. 45) there is a 
coloured figure of Cypripedium purpuratum, 
with the following note: ‘This is the first 
drawing | attempted in colours, using Gerty’s 
paint-box. I was sufficiently satisfied with 
the result to buy a box for myself.” His 
satisfaction was quite justifiable, and his 
perseverance was soon rewarded with great 
success. Practically all he did after this was 
coloured. In December, 1882, he wrote to 
Kew applying for a pass of admission to the 
gardens before the general public in order 
that he might make drawings of the ‘ smaller, 
insignificant Orchids. This was granted, and 
writing again in 1860 he mentions that he had 
drawn at least 70 that he had not seen 
elsewhere. His last Kew drawing is dated 
October 29th, 1887. From time to time he 
presented living plants to Kew.”—W. B. H. 


184 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


MASDEVALLIA_ BELLA. 


Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 
5-7 inches long. Scapes pendulous, 
dull purple with an adpressed bract at 
each joint and at the base of the 
ovary ; ovary short, angular, blackish- 
purple. Flowers solitary, large and 
open, of triangular shape; the sepals 
pale yellow spotted with brownish- 
crimson, the spots denser on the 
upper sepal, rarer on the lateral two 
and chiefly aggregated towards the 
outer margin ; upper sepal triangular, 
contracted into a_ long, slender, 
reddish-brown tail, 3-4 inches long ; 
lateral sepals larger, sub-rhomboidal,. 
connate to beyond the middle, and 
contracted into long slender tails like 
the upper one; petals smail, obcor- 
date, emarginate, yellow spotted with 
red ; lip with a short fleshy claw and 
concave, shell-like blade, in the hollow 
of which are numerous raised lines 
radiating from the claw. Column 
very small. 

This curious and remarkable species 
is allied to M. Chimera, but is easily 
distinguished from it by its large 
shell-like labellum. It was discovered 
by Gustav Wallis while collecting for 
Messrs. Veitch in Colombia in 1873-4, 
but who failed to send home living 
plants. It was introduced four years 
later by Messrs. Low and Co. Its 
habitat is in the Frontino district, 
near Antioquia, on the western 
Cordillera, at 5,000-7,000 feet eleva- 
tion, where it grows under the same 
conditions as M. Chimera, and some- 
times even mixed with it. 

Masdevallias are mostly alpine plants, 
which have their home on the mountains of 
tropical America, chiefly on that portion of 
the Andes that extends from Peru to the 
Isthmus of Panama, and their continuation 
through central America into Mexican terri- 
tory. They are usually cultivated in the cool 
house with Odontoglossums, etc., but where 
they are made a speciality by amateurs or 


[May, 1915. 


grown on a large scale by horticulturists, a 
separate house is assigned to them, in which 
they can be more efficiently treated according 
to their requirements, than when mixed with 
plants of other genera. When a separate 
house is so devoted to them, a_lean-to 
with an east or north-east aspect should be 
preferred. Durect sunshine, or even consider- 
able bright light, does not agree with them. 


May, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 185 


Oncidium Kramerianum, 


ONCIDIUM KRAMERIANUM.— [his remark- 
able Oncidium was originally discovered by 
Warscewicz on the slopes of Chimborazo in 
Ecuador, at 3,000 feet elevation, about the 
year 1852, and was shortly afterwards 
introduced by him: to the garden of Herr 
Jenisch, of Hamburg, where it flowered in 
1854, and after whose gardener, Kramer, it is 
named. It continued to be very rare in 
European gardens until its discovery in other 
localities on the Andes of Ecuador and New 
Granada. In the last-named country it has 
been found on all the three Cordilleras at 
1,000-3,000 feet elevation growing on old 
trees more or less exposed to direct sunlight. 
The flowers are produced from the apex of a 
tall and slender spike, and as soon as one 


fades another commences to form, the spike 
continuing to yield flowers for a considerable 
period. On weak plants it is not desirable to 
allow the spike to remain after it has produced 
its first flower. The plants are best accom- 
modated in shallow pans, with a fibrous 
compost, and placed in a light position where 
the temperature averages about 60 degrees in 
winter and 75 in summer. 


CHELSEA SHOW.—This important exhibi- 
tion will be held on May 18th, roth and 2oth. 
On the first day the gates will be open at 
12 noon, and on the second and third days at 
7 a.m. 


186 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[May, 1915. 


Odontoglossum Othmarschen. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM OTHMARSCHEN.— This 
beautiful hybrid of unrecorded parentage 
received a First-class Certificate at the 
Chelsea Show, May 20th, 10913, when 
exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder, The 
Dell, Englefield Green. The blotches are of 
claret-purple colour on a light rose-tinted 
ground. Our illustration is reproduced from 


the R.H.S. Journal. 


ODONTIODA ZENOBIA LEEANA.— The 
Gardeners Chronicle, April 24th, 1915, 
contains an excellent illustration of this 
hybrid, which was exhibited by Mr. W. R. 
Lee, of Plumpton Hall, Heywood, at the 
meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, 
held April 13th, 1915, when it obtained an 
Award of Merit. 


May, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 187 


Oncidium sarcodes. 


188 THE “ORCHID” WORD: 


PANAMA-PACIFIC EXPOSITION, 
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., U.S.A. 


HE present article regarding the 
aly Philippine Government Orchid Exhibit 
in this Exposition, which has just been 
installed, is written in the interest of those 
who are unable to visit this great World Fair. 
A very suitable conservatory has been 
constructed to grow the Orchids, and to show 
them off to their best advantage. There are 
about 700 plants of various Phalenopses, 
including Schilleriana, amabilis, rosea (eques- 
tris), Luddemanniana, Aphrodite, and several 
fine natural hybrids of amabilis and Schil- 
leriana. Most of these plants are growing in 
baskets made of the red wood, Sequoia 
sempervirens, which lasts in sound condition 
for about three years. 

There are over 100 plants of Dendrobium 
superbum, growing in 6-1nch baskets; these 
have made fine growths and belong to the 
large flowering type. D. crumenatum is 
doing well; it is often spoken of as the Pigeon 
Orchid There are many plants of D. Dearei 
that have been flowering for the last 3-4 
months, the blooms lasting a considerable 
time in perfection. 

Other Dendrobiums include cariniferum, 
with its red-crested lip; Wardianum, creta- 
ceum, with chalk-white flowers ; Cambridge- 
anum, chrysanthum, with rich yellow blooms ; 
Parishii, Dalhousieanum, crassinode, crepi- 
datum, bigibbum and infundibulum. 

Cypripediums are represented by some fine 
plants of Argus and Philippinense. There is 
also a large plant of Grammatophyllum 
Fenzhanum, in a three-foot basket hanging 
in the centre of the house. A fine specimen 
Cymbidium Finlaysonianum is growing in a 
14-inch pot; it is a fine variety and flowers 
here for the first time. 

In addition to the above-mentioned species 
there are excellent specimens of the following: 


Cymbidium _ tigrinum, + Grammatophyllum 
multiflorum, Rhyncostylis retusa, A®rides 
quinquevulnerum,  Spathoglottis _ plicata, 


Saccolabium miniatum, Vanda Sanderiana, 
V. lamellata Boxall and V. Luzonica. 
These Orchids arrived from the Philippine 


[May, 1915. 


Islands about a year ago, and at the time I 
did not think they would be in flower on the 
opening day of the Exposition, but they have 
done remarkably well. I may state that it 
has been my object to demonstrate how to 
grow these Orchids, and this, I believe, has 
pleased the visitors most. In the centre of 
the house is a staging 12 feet by 60 feet, 
which is a mass of flowering Orchids. A 
garden seat has been built of Palm stems that 
have been brought over from the Islands, 
many flowering Orchids being attached to 
various portions. The Filipinos have also 
brought over a very fine band, the music 
being a daily event—-W. E. Eglington, San 
Francisco, Cal., U.S.A. 

| Mr. Eghngton kindly sends a large photo- 
graph showing many of the above plants in 
flower, while in front of the group is a 
portrait of himself and his assistant, Mariano 
Reymundo, a very intelligent Filipino. ] 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY: 
March 30th, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: J. 
Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. J. O'Brien (hon. sec.), R. Brooman- 
White, W. Bolton, Gurney Wilson, C. J. 
Lucas, S. W. Flory, W. H. White, A. Dye, 
J.’ Ev Shi W., H.> Hatcher, J7Cyphen 
Charlesworth, W. Cobb, T. Armstrong,.F. J. 
Hanbury, F. M. Ogilvie, Pantia Ralli, R. G. 
Thwaites, F. Sander, R. A. Rolfe and J. 
Wilson Potter. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Lzelio-Cattleya J. F. Burbeck, Fowler's 
variety (C. Mendelii x L.-C. Hy. Greenwood), 
from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury.—A 
very large and elegant hybrid with light rose 
sepals and petals, the immense _labellum 
rose-purple, the margin crimped. The spike 
carried three flowers. 

Odontoglossum Mars, from J. Gurney 
Fowler, Esq—A remarkably fine hybrid, with 
a branched spike of 22 broad-petalled flowers 
of reddish-claret colour, each segment being 
bordered with a narrow white line. 


May, 1915. | tHE ORCHID  WORLED. 189 


CULTURAL COMMENDATIONS. 


To Mr. Balmforth, gr. to F. Menteith 
Ogilvie, Esq., for a group of 30 plants of 
Dendrobium Thwaitesiz, Veitch’s variety. 

To Mr. J. E. Shill, gr. to Baron Schréder, 
for a fine plant of Odontoglossum crispo- 
Harryanum, with three spikes bearing a total 
of 40 flowers. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury, was 
awarded a Gold Medal for a splendid exhibit 
of Dendrobiums, consisting of nearly 400 
plants. Also various special Orchids, several 
of which have already been certificated. 

Silver Flora Medals were awarded to 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. and Messrs. 
Sander and Sons. Silver Banksian Medals 
were granted to Messrs. Cypher and Sons, 
Messrs. ‘Stuart Low and Co., Messrs. J. and 
A. McBean and Mr. Harry Dixon. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, Englefield Green, 
exhibited Odontioda Cardinal (Oda. Vuyl- 
stekez x Odm. crispo-Harryanum), with a fine 
spike of large flowers well-blotched with 
scarlet-red. Also Odontoglossum Pescatore1 
Veitchu, with a many-flowered spike. 

ie wemeth Ogilvie. Esq - Oxford, 
exhibited Brasso-Cattleya Cliftoni magnifica 
in splendid condition. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
showed an interesting collection of Dendro- 
bium flowers, and a selection of Sophronitis 
hybrids. 

Messrs. E. H. Davidson and Co., Twyford, 
exhibited Sophro-Lzlio-Cattleya Niobe, of 
excellent shape. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, exhibited 
Odontioda Armstrongii var. Peerless (Oda. 
Vuylstekezee x Odm. Armstronga), a remark- 
ably fine result, the flower being of good 
shape and of the most intense crimson-purple 
colour. A Certificate of Appreciation was 
granted. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, showed 
the interesting Pleurothallis hemirhoda, as 
well as Disa sagittalis and others. 


April 13th, 1915. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), Sir Jeremiah 
Colman, Bart., Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. 
sec.), Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, F. J. 
Hanbury, (©. ), Inacas, W. El. Hatcher, J. 
Wilson Potter, S. W. Flory, W. H. White, 
a DvenWeb. Bound, TH. G. Alexander, J. E. 
Shill, J. Charlesworth, W. Cobb, A. McBean, 
F. M. Ogilvie, Pantia Ralli, R. G. Thwaites, 
W. Thompson, Stuart Low and R. A. Rolfe. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontioda Zenobia Leeana (Odm. Harry- 
anum x Oda. Charlesworthu), from W. R. 
Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood.—An 
excellent example of this beautiful hybrid, 
sepals and petals wine-red, the apical half of 
the labellum pure white. 

Odontoglossum Leviathan, from W. R. 
Lee, Esq.—An immense flower of the amabile 
section, the broad segments tinged with rose 
and heavily blotched and spotted with purple. 

Lelo-Cattleya Nena (warnhamensis x 
Dominiana), from Messrs. Flory and Black, 
Slough. The spike carried five flowers, the 
sepals and petals of reddish-orange, the lip 
ruby red. A pleasing hybrid. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


To Mr. Collier, gr. to Sir Jeremiah Colman, 
Bart., for a fine specimen of Masdevallia 
Kimballiana, with a large number of orange- 
red flowers. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
exhibited an interesting selection of the 
smaller flowering Orchids; also Odontioda 
Bradshawie purpurea, bright red, with purple 
margin. 

W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood, 
exhibited a neat group, in which were 
Odontioda Brewii Leeana, Cattleya Luedde- 
manniana alba, Brasso-Cattleya Clhftonu 
magnifica, and good Miltonias. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney, 
exhibited S.-C.-L. Olive, with rose-purple 
flowers, and Odontoglossum “ H. S. Goodson,” 
of the ardentissimum class, 


190 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham, showed 
several new hybrid Odontoglossums. 

C. J. Phillips, Esq., Sevenoaks, exhibited 
Odontoglossum (luteopur- 
pureum Vuylstekeanum x eximium), with 
orange-red flowers. 

W. H. St. Quintin, Esq., Scampston Hall, 
Rillington, exhibited Brasso-Cattleya Vanessa 
(C. Triane x B.-C. Marie), a very large flower 
of light rose tint. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, obtained a Silver Banksian Medal 
for a group of excellent plants, including 
Angrecum sesquipedale, A. modestum, Odon- 
tiodas Brewn, Joan and 
Odontoglossum hybrids. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat 
exhibit of rare species, etc. A noteworthy 
plant was Selenepedium caudatum Sandere ; 
also the pretty Vanda cristata. Multonia 
hybrids and the rare Maxillaria Fletcheriana 
were in fine form. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for a good 
exhibit of Cattleya Schrédere, Cymbidium 
Lowgrinum, a rich variety of L-C. 
Domuiniana, and Dendrobiums dixanthum, 
Devonianum and Brymerianum. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a group 
of Lelio-Cattleyas, good C. Mendel and C. 
Schrédere, and Odontoglossum Cookson- 
ianum (muirificum x crispum), a pleasing yellow 
flower. 

Mr. Harry Dixon, Wandsworth Common, 
received a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
exhibit containing various Odontoglossum 
hybrids, Dendrobiums formosum and Brymer- 
1anum, and good Cymbidiums. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged a 
hybrid Odontoglossum between muirum 
and Lambeauianum, with chocolate black 
blotches; also the quaint Masdevallia 
O’Brieniana. 


Phillipsianum 


Zenobia, and 


April 27th, 1915. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Gn the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, 


[May, 1915. 


T. Armstrong, J. Cypher, W. P. Bound, W. 
Bolton, J. Charlesworth, W. H. White, R. G. 
Thwaites, R. Brooman-White, W. Cobb, A. 
Dye, Wilson Potter, F. M. Ogilvie, S. Flory, 
J. Shill, Stuart Low, H. G. Alexander, W. H. 
Hatcher, G. Hunter, C. J. Lueas, Bo fe 
Hanbury, R. A. Rolfe and C. Cookson. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Brasso-Cattleya Cliftoni1 Fowler’s variety, - 
from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, 
Pembury.—In every way a model flower, the 
very broad petals and labellum being fully 
developed and set in pleasing style. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lzelio-Cattleya Isabel Sander Gatton Park 
variety (C. Mossiz x L.-C. Canhamiana), from 
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
Surrey.—A very pleasing result, in which the 
thick white sepals and petals are well formed, 
the labellum faintly mottled with light rose. 

Brasso-Cattleya Vilmoriniana The Shrub- 
bery variety (C. Mossize x B-C. Mrs. J. 
Leemann), from F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., 
Oxford——-A very fine flower, of excellent 
shape and particularly rich rose-purple colour, 
the greater part of the labellum being golden- 
orange margined with rose-purple. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Banksian 
Medal for a good group containing choice 
hybrids and rare varieties of several species. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat - 
exhibit, in which were an extensive variety of 
Dendrobium species and choice forms of 
Cattleya Mendelii. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
group in which the attractive Oncidium 
McBeanianum was the centre specimen. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for 


an interesting exhibit of choice species and 
hybrids, 


May, 1915-] 


Messrs. Hassall and Co, Southgate, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for some 
excellent varieties of Cattleya Schrodere and 
Mossi. 

Mr. Harry Dixon, Wandsworth Common, 
obtained a Bronze Banksian Medal for an 
exhibit of Miltonias and good Cattleyas. 

Richd. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham Hill, 
exhibited a selection of hybrids raised in his 
collection. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, Englefield Green, 
exhibited a flower of his new Lelio-Cattleya 
Ivanhoe (Dowiana x eximia), particularly rich 
in coloration. 

Right Hon. the Earl of Craven, Coombe 
Abbey, exhibited Lelio-Cattleya Corneliensis 
(Schrédere x Haroldiana), of a pleasing 
pinkish colour. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
showed his new L.-C. Eldorado (L.-C. 
Canhamiana alba x C. Eldorado Wallisu), and 
a fine plant of Oncidium monachicum. 

BY Menterth. Ogilvie, Esq:, ~Oxford, 
exhibited Cattleya Mendelu “Queen Mary,” 
a very beautiful white flower, the labellum 
blush-pink. 

W. Cobb, Esq., Rusper, showed Lelio- 
Cattleya Lucia, of bright yellow colour, and 
others. 

W. Bird, Esq. West Wickham, Kent, 
showed a good variety of his new Odontioda 
Gladys. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged 
L.-C. Fascinator-Mossiz var. Imogene, .a 
beautiful hybrid with white sepals and petals, 
the labellum bright purple. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


March 18th, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Z. 
A. Ward, Esq. Gn the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, A. G. 
Ellwood, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, Dr. Hartley, 
J. Howes, A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. 
McLeod, W. J. Morgan, C. Parker, W. 
Shackleton, H. Thorp, G. Weatherby and H. 
Arthur (Secretary). 

A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to 
O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury; and Silver-gilt 


THE ORCHID WORLD. ig! 


Medals to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, 
and Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange. 
Large Silver Medals were granted to Z. A. 
Ward, Esq., Northenden, and Col. J. Ruther- 
ford, M.P., Blackburn. 


awarded to Messrs. 


Silver Medals were 
Cypher and _ Sons, 
Cheltenham, and Messrs. Sander and Sons, 
St. Albans. 

A Bronze Medal was granted to F. A. 
Hindley, Esq., Bradford. Other exhibitors 
including A. J. Oakshott, Esq., Bidston; 5. 
Swift, Esq., Gathurst ; Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co., and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons. 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Odontoglossum V.C., a large flower of 
unknown parentage, from Z. A. Ward, Esq. 

Odontoglossum illustrissimum “ Pompei,” 
of good form, sepals and petals of bright 
maroon, with white margin, from R. Ashworth, 
Esq. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Odontoglossum illustrissimum “Etna,” O. 
Jasper “ Leopardinum,” O. eximium “ rotund1- 
florum,” Odontioda Schréderi “ Flamingo,” 
and O. Madeline “ Queen Elizabeth,” all from 
R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Adrieum (Adriane x illus- 
trissimum), O. Euryades, Odontioda Brad- 
shawiz “Walton Grange,” O. Madeline 
“Solum,” Dendrobium Thompson, Cattleya 
Schréderzee “ Distinction,” all from Wm. 
Thompson, Esq. 

Odontoglossum ardentissimum “ Beardwood 
var. from Col. J. Rutherford, M.P. 

Odontoglossum amabile “ Pink Pearl,” from 
ix. |. Oakshott, Esa: 

Odontoglossum crispum “ Gathurst,” from 
5. Swift, Esq. 

Odontonia Magali Sander “xanthotes,” 
from Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. 


‘ 


April Ist, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme Gn the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, A. G. 
Ellwood, J. Evans, Dr. Hartley, J. Howes, 
Ay J. tkeelme. js Lapton, D. McLeod; C. 
Parker, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, 
and H. Arthur (Secretary). 


192 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; Wm. Thomp- 
son, Esq., Walton Grange; and W. R. Lee, 
Esq., Heywood. 

Silver Medals were granted to Col. J. 
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn; and Messrs. A. 
]. Keeling and Sons, Bradford. A Special 
Vote of Thanks was accorded O. O. Wrigley, 
Esq., Bury, for a group of Dendrobiums. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum illustrissimum “Canopus,” 
Odontioda luminosa (Rossi rubescens x 
Charlesworth), and S-C-L. Marathon 
“ Ashlands var.,” all from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontioda Zenobia “Thompson’s _ var.,” 
from Wm. Thompson, Esq. 

Dendrobium Thwaitesiz “ Veitch’s var.,” 
from! 5. ‘Gratrix,, Esq.) aud Miessrem Acad: 
Keeling and Sons. 

Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes Oak- 
shottie, from A. J. Oakshott, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum Titan and L.-C. Britannia 
“ Melaine,” from Wm. Thompson, Esq. 

Cymbidium insigne album and Oncidium 
King Albert, from P. Smith, Esq. 

Odontoglossum percultum “Othello,” and 
Ernesti “memoria R. le Doux,” from A. J. 
Oakshott, Esq. 

Cypripedium Rossettii “Mary Gratrix,” 
from Mrs. S. Gratrix. 

Odontoglossum illustrissimum “ Palatine,” 
from Col. J. Rutherford. 

Odontoglossum Jasper “ Masereelianum,” 
from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Laurence Bresson (Meteor 
x illustrissimum), from J. Butterworth, Esq. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION. 


Mr. J. Howes, for Masdevallia triangularis. 


Apmlvrgthe rors: 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (an the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, A. G. 
Ellwood, J. Evans, Dr. Hartley, J. Howes, 
A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, C. 
Parker, W. Shackleton, P. Smith, H. Thorp, 
G. Weatherby and H. Arthur (Secretary). 


[May, 1915. 


A. Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; a Large Silver 
Medal to Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton 
Grange; and Silver Medals to Mrs. R. le 
Doux, West Derby; Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., 
Blackburn; and Messrs. Hassall and Co., 
Southgate. 

Other exhibitors included W. R. Lee, Esq., 
Heywood; O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury; W. P. 
Birkenshaw, Esq., Hessle; A. J. Oakshott, 
Esq., Bidston; and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and 
Sons, Bradford. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum Rayonatum (venustulum x 
Lambeauianum), O. waltonense var. Rex, 
and O. crispum hololeucum var. Regina, from 
W. Thompson, Esq. ~ 

Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes — var. 
Mount Etna, O. Leviathan, and Odontioda 
Zenobia var. Leeana, from W. R. Lee, Esq. 

Miltonia Bleuana Hessle var., from W. P. 
Birkenshaw, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum Nerissa var. Brunette, O. 
illustrissimum var. Babette, O. crispum Prince 
of Wales, Cattleya Schrédere var. Queen 
Elizabeth, Miltonia Hyeana var. Walton 
Grange, Odontioda Joan, Masdevallia Cham- 
berlainiana, and Zygopetalum Brewiu var. 
Walton Grange, all from W. Thompson, Esq. 

Zygocolax Charlesworth var. Ashworthie, 
Odontioda Queen Mary Ashlands var., and 
Oncidium Marshallianum var. Rossendale, 
from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium waltonense rubrum and 
Miltonia Sanderiana var. Mrs. Geoff Taite, 
from Mrs. R. le Doux. 

Odontioda Brewu var. Leeana and Cattleya 
Brenda, from W. R. Lee, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Pescatore1 Monica (P. 
Charlesworth x P. Linden), from Col. J. 
Rutherford. 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 


To Mr. E. Rogers (gr. to O. O. Wrigley, 
Esq.), for Miultonia Phalaenopsis and 
Eulophiella Elizabethe. 


RDEV fe) ex, 
FERS ORS 


gi 
KEEFE 


i » - ~ >> 
SOXDATEO 


ORCHID WORLD 


JUNE, 1915. 


ele WH 


NOE ES, 


CATTLEYA LADY ROWENA.—This is 
undoubtedly the finest white Cattleya yet 
seen, the flower being of immense size and 
extremely thick textured. It has been raised 
from C. Warneri alba and C. Suzanne Hye 
de Crom (Gaskelliana x Mossiz), a pure white 
variety of the latter of course being used. 
The plant is in the collection of Baron Bruno 
Schroder, The Dell, Englefield Green, and 
has just produced a spike of two flowers, the 
only trace of colour being seen in the throat, 
which is greenish-yellow. 


DENDROBIUM WELLESLEY.—Mr. Walter 
Hunnewell, of Wellesley, Mass, U.S.A, 


kindly sends the following particulars of this 
Dendrobium hybrid, of which the parents are 


murrhiniacum (nobile x Wardianum) and 
nobile “ Victoria Regina.” The cross was 
made April 28th, 1905, the seed sown 


June 12th, 1906, and the first plant flowered 
Feb. 14th, 1911. The plants possess a robust 
constitution, the bulbs being about 3 feet 
in height and carrying large flowers, after the 
style of Wardianum. A good example was 
exhibited by Mr. Hunnewell at the recent 
Boston Spring Flower Show. 


; 
XY 


Re 


AERIDES VANDARUM. — This Indian 
species, which is but rarely seen in collections, 
has flowered well this season in the collection 
of Dr. Stead, of Hawkhurst, Kent. In its 
habit of growth it resembles the better known 
Vanda teres, although the cylindrical leaves 
are much more slender. The semi-transparent 


VOL. V. 


flowers, produced in pairs from the side of 
the stem opposite the leaves, are pure white, 


the column often showing a slight pink tinge. 
When well cultivated it forms a_ beautiful 
object, the flowers being of interesting 
construction. 

ABNORMAL CYPRIPEDIUM. — Mr. EF. 


Menteith Ogilvie, of The Shrubbery, Oxford, 
kindly brings to our notice an interesting 
abnormal flower of Cypripedium gigas, which 
differs from the type by having an additional 
dorsal The appearance of an 
additional segment may generally be traced 
to one of two causes. The first includes those 
instances in which organs apparently entire 
are split, or disunited, examples being 
occasionally seen in the separation of the two 
ventral sepals in Cypripediums, which under 
normal conditions are united. 


sepal. 


This trimerous 
condition of the outer whorl of the perianth 
is undoubtedly that which existed in the early 
history of the species, consequently what is 
apparently an extra segment is in this case 
nothing more than an insight into the plant’s 
real character. The second cause is over- 
development, due to excessive cultivation, and 
resulting in true multiplication of the parts 
by the formation of entirely fresh segments. 
Under this latter section may be placed Mr. 
Ogilvie’s specimen, for both dorsal sepals are 
furnished with a complete apical portion, 
there being no evidence of splitting. Although 
the formation of an extra dorsal sepal does 
not often occur, there 1s one Cypripedium, viz., 
Hera “New Hall Hey variety,” which has a 
marked tendency to deviate in this style from 
the normal condition. 


bo 
Mm 


194 THE ORCHID WORLD: 


[June, 1915. 


Oncidium phymatochilum. 


ONCIDIUM PHYMATOCHILUM.—This very 
graceful species, often termed the Spider 
Orchid, was first cultivated by the Rev. John 
Clowes, of Broughton Hall, near Manchester, 
and by Messrs. Loddiges, of Hackney, about 
the year 1843, neither of whom left any 
record of its origin, which remained unknown 
to science till ifs habitat was revealed by M. 
Pinel, a French merchant trading in Brazil, 
who collected it in the neighbourhood of 
Novo Friburgo and sent plants to various 
correspondents in France and _ Belgium, 
including M. van Volxem, of Brussels, one 
of whose plants was figured in Linden’s 
Pescatorea, published in 1860. The flower 
spikes attain a height of about four feet, and 
carry numerous blooms, illustrations of which 
are given above. 


GOTT AND GoTTo.—As mistakes some- 
times occur it is as well to point out that Gott 
and Gotto do not refer to the same individual, 
the former is the worthy representative of 
Messrs. Sander and Sons, the latter was an 
amateur residing at Hampstead Heath. 
Hence we have Cymbidium Gottianum and 
Leho-Cattleya Gottoiana. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM PROMERENS ALBUM.— 
Both crispum and Pescatorei, when considered 
typically, are white, hence there has never 
been any need to add the varietal name 
album, but when these two species have been 
used in the making of hybrids it has been the 
custom to select those varieties having heavily 
blotched flowers, more especially the crispum 
parent, with the intention of carrying forward 
this blotching into the hybrid. In _ the 
majority of cases this has been effected, 
notably in ardentissimum (crispum x Pesca- 
tore1), in eximium (crispum x ardentissimum) 
and in promerens (crispum x eximium), the 
flowers in each case showing varying degrees 
of blotching. Mr. E. R. Ashton, of Broad- 
lands, Tunbridge Wells, has flowered a 
spotless variety of promerens, which differs so 
considerably from the recognised blotched 
type of this hybrid that it is necessary to 
distinguish it by the varietal word album. 
Thus it comes about that, after three 
generations of breeding, we are obliged to 
recogmise both crispum and Pescatorei, or a 
mixture of them, as it is in this case, under 
the varietal name album, otherwise there 
would be no means of distinguishing such an 
interesting variety. In shape it leaves little 
to be desired, while the labellum has the 
characteristic pandurate form of Pescatorei. 


June, 1915. ] THE 


ORCHID WORLD. 195 


Odontoglossum crispum Queen of the Belgians. 


Exhibited at the Chelsea Show by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM QUEEN OF 
THE BELGIANS.— 
always been held in high esteem, and at 
one time were eas valuable, as much 


Blotched crispums have 


as a thousand guineas having been paid for 
extra fine varieties. Of late years the high 
price set upon these plants has somewhat 
declined, but specially distinct forms are still 
in demand and change hands at considerable 
figures. The professional seed-raiser was 
not long in discovering that a good market 
existed for this kind of crispum, and many 
seed-pods were made with great hopes of 
future success. But crispums are very 
difficult to raise, and during several years 
only a comparatively few plants reached 
the flowering stage. Better success was 
ultimately achieved, although amongst the 
plants that flowered there were many worth- 
less varieties, whilst the few blotched forms 
obtained were often of starry shape. 
However, now and again a meritorious one 
appeared and encouraged the seed-raiser to 
continue his interesting work. Students of 
Mendelism attempted to work out the number 
of plain and blotched forms that might be 


obtained from any particular pod, while 
amongst the practical workers there was no 
small amount of speculation concerning the 
possibilities of improving upon the varieties 
then existing. As many Orchidists now 
know, blotched crispums have been raised 
from seed, although only in small quantities, 
and whilst some show an improvement on 
their parents, both in constitution and shape, 
there are many others in which these qualities 
deficient. Our illustration of 

Queen of the Belgians 1s 
particularly interesting, not only on account 
of its exceedingly fine shape and the beautiful 
rose tinted 


are sadly 
O. crispum 


ground and_ crimson-purple 
blotches, but because it is the result of 
crossing two home-raised blotched crispums. 
In thus making public a secret of the 
, it is only fair to add that so far 
only two other seedlings from this pod have 


flowered, and both are worthless varieties. 


seed-raiser 


HOLLAND HOUSE SHOW.—The Summer 
Exhibition of the Royal Horticultural Society 
will be held in the grounds of Holland House, 
Kensington, July Oth, 7th and 8th, 1915. 


196 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[June, 1915. 


Odontoglossum crispum Olive. 
Exhibited at the Chelsea Show by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. 


HIsTORIC PAINTINGS.—The series of 
Orchid paintings, some half-dozen in number, 
which for more than 60 years have been in 
the possession of Messrs. James Veitch and 
Sons, have just been presented by Sir Harry 
J. Veitch to the Royal Horticultural Society, 
who have despatched them to Wisley, where 
there is better accommodation. They were 
painted in oils by a French artist then 
employed by Dr. Lindley, and with one 
exception they represent Orchids collected 
by various travellers sent out by Messrs. 
Veitch when at Exeter and subsequently at 
Chelsea. The one depicting Vanda coerulea 
was done from a dried spike sent home by 
Thomas Lobb, and with the aid of one 
living flower, all that was then available. 
Selenipedium caudatum is effectively exe- 
cuted, and others include an A®rides and, 
we believe, Lelia purpurata. Perhaps the 


most interesting is that of Dendrobium 
macrophyllum Veitchianum, which flowered 
at Exeter during the time of the Great 
Exhibition held in London in the year 1851. 
Amongst the many who then visited London 
for the first time was young Mr. Harry Veitch, 
who carried with him this Dendrobium for 
inclusion in a group of plants staged by 
Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter, at a meeting of 
the Horticultural Society held in the Society’s 
garden at Chiswick. With that same 
degree of thoroughness, which has been so 
characteristic of him all through life, Mr. 
Harry Veitch decided to personally give the 
plant a good cleaning up before starting on 
the historic visit to London, and he well 
remembers the severe reprimand he received 
when his father discovered that he had 
pulled off every particle of skin from the 


bulbs of that valuable Orchid. To this 


June, 1915. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 197 


day the painting bears witness of the deed, 
for the artist painted the plant as cleaned by 
Sir Harry. 


_ THE R.ELS. ExXurpiTions.—The letter in 

the May issue contains a good deal of truth 
regarding the plants exhibited at the R.HLS. 
meetings, but I think the trade grower has 
also to be considered, for his main object is 
business and not so much the attempt to 
achieve fame by the production of large 
specimens. Very few amateurs desire to 
purchase large plants, which are necessarily 
somewhat expensive, the general inclination 
being to buy healthy seedlings and propa- 
eated pieces of well-known varieties, these 
can then be grown on by the new owner, who 
will derive much pleasure by being able to 
say :_—“I have grown this specimen, what do 
you think of it?” I well remember one 
occasion when the end of the R.H.S. Hall was 
filled with a group of specimen Orchids from 
an amateur’s collection, such that no trade 
grower could ever hope to cultivate, for the 
time and expense incurred would be far in 
excess of the commercial result. More than 
one trade exhibitor took advantage of the 
situation, and explained to those of his 
customers who were present that all they had 
to do was to buy the small sample plants from 
his exhibit and cultivate them for a few years 
when they would doubtless bring about the 
same success. The amateur who exhibits a 
handsome specimen does much to popularise 
Orchid growing and indirectly assists the 
trade grower to sell his small plants, for 
unless the general public obtain a clear idea 
of the plant’s possible beauty when fully 
matured they cannot be expected to purchase 
what to them is little more than a couple of 
bulbs and a long Latin name. The fine 
specimens shown by an amateur are as 
valuable to a trade grower as a good 
illustration is to his catalogue, and nothing 
would please me better than to see more 
attempts made at specimen growing, such as 
Fellows of the R.H.S. were accustomed to see 
in years gone by.—T rade Grower. 


VOL. V. 


NOMENCLATURE.—At the R.H.S. meeting, 
held April 13th, Messrs. Flory and Black 
received an Award of Merit for a Lelio- 
Cattleya which they exhibited under the 
name Nana, in honour of a Spanish lady, but 
they subsequently discovered that an error in 
spelling had occurred, and as the correct 
method was Nena they wished to alter the 
same accordingly. Some discussion then 
arose as to whether this hybrid when once it 
had been certificated under a certain name 
could have the same altered, as confusion in 
the future might arise. No one, of course, has 
any right to change a valid name, but in this 
case there was no intention of so doing, the 
exhibitors merely wished to correct an error 
in the original and erroneous spelling, which 
is allowable under Article 57 of the Inter- 
national Rules for Botanical Nomenclature, 
Vienna, 1905 :—“ The original spelling of a 
name must be retained, except in case of a 
typographic or orthographic error.” The 
matter came before the R.H.S. Council, who 
rightly decided to allow the alteration, 
consequently Lzeelio-Cattleya Nena is_ the 
recognised name for the hybrid between L.-C. 
warnhamensis and L.-C. Dominiana. 


is 


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ASSISTING NATURE.—There are but few 
occasions when Nature may be assisted in her 
work, and it is only when her subjects are 
artificially cultivated that there is any real 
need for help. One of these necessitous cases 
occurs in Miltonia vexillaria and its hybrids, 
the lower leaves of which so tightly enclose 
the rooting portion of the bulb that some 
roots find considerable difficulty in breaking 
a way through to the compost. If these 
lower leaves are examined there will often- 
times be found one or more roots enclosed 
and bent in an upward direction. The 
method of rendering assistance consists in 
carefully splitting the lower portion of the 
leaves or even removing them entirely, in 
order that no hindrance may meet the young 
roots. Plants under cultivation need all the 
nutriment possible, and their chief means of 


20 


198 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


obtaining this is from the compost in the pot. 
Of course, when in their natural habitat there 
is very likely to be a supply of nutriment on 
a level with and even above the plants, much 
depending on the exact position on which 
they grow on the tree or rock, and when this 
is the case those roots apparently turned out 
of their proper direction by the lower leaves 
rarely fail to meet with nutritive matter. 


Odontoglossum Harwoodii. 
Exhibited at the Chelsea Show by F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM HaARwoopt. — This 
remarkable Odontoglossum was exhibited 
at the Chelsea Show by Mr. F. Menteith 
Ogilvie, of The Shrubbery, Oxford, when 
it carried a spike of six large flowers. The 
clear buttercup-yellow of the blooms and 
the reddish-purple spotting make a striking 
contrast, while the peculiar oblong blotch 
labellum creates a 
The parents are 
maculatum Wiganianum 
(Rolfe x harvengtense), Rolfeze being 
Harryanum x Pescatorei, while harvengtense 
Although the 
segments are not quite so broad as might 


of colour on _ the 
very distinctive feature. 
auriferum and 


is triumphans x _ crispum. 


be desired, this deficiency is more than made 


| June, 1915. 


up by the intensity of the yellow colour and 
the thick substance of the flowers, this latter 
quality being derived from both maculatum 
and Harryanum. 

MILTONIA HYEANA “F. M. OGILVIE.”— 
One of the prettiest Miltonia hybrids it has 
been our pleasure to see was the variety of 
Hyeana exhibited at the recent Chelsea Show 
by Mr. F. Menteith Ogilvie, of the Shrubbery, 
Oxford, in whose collection it was raised. 
The seed bearer was M. Bleuana var. 
Stevensu, this being a hybrid between vexil- 
laria Leopoldu and Roezlu alba, while the 
pollen plant was vexillaria G. D. Owen. The 
cross was effected on March 3rd, 1Ig11, 
the seed sown December rith, 1911, while 
the seedling flowered May 14th, 1915. The 
china-white flower had the petals flushed at 
their base with light rose, and the basal part 
of the labellum covered with a crimson- 
ruby blotch. The plant received a well 
deserved Award of Merit. 


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FLOWERS FROM WALTON GRANGE.— 
Mr. Wm. Thompson kindly sends a selection 
of choice Odontoglossums that have been 
raised in his collection, and give evidence of 
the good parents used in their production. 
Although no exact scheme of blotching 
can ever be said to belong to every 
Odontoglossum, there is always a marked 
tendency for the large blotches to be in the 
central area of each segment, while the small 
ones are usually to be seen round the 
marginal portion. But this is not of much 
consequence, for it is the general effect 
produced by the whole spike of flowers that 
counts the most. Good shape and brilliancy 
of colour are the characters Mr. Thompson 
desires to obtain, and the specimens received 
from him show that these desirable points 
are being produced in a satisfactory manner. 


WANA WA 
¥y % 


« 


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% 


Me 


OBITUARY.—We regret to announce the 
death, which took place Friday, May 21st, of 
Mr. G. Hunter, Orchid grower to His Grace 
the Duke of Marlborough, Woodstock, Oxon, 
and a member of the Royal Horticultural 
Society’s Orchid Committee. 


June, r9rs. | THE ORCHID) WORLD. 199 


ORCHIDS AT CHELSEA. 


LTHOUGH we are accustomed to give 
considerable credit to the hybridists 
on account of their skill in producing 

hybrid Orchids, we must not forget that it 
is the same individuals who raise improved 
varieties of certain species. To the actual 
man engaged in looking after the seed-pans 
it little matters whether his tiny seedlings are 
species or hybrids, for in each case they 
require his closest attention to bring about 
successful results. A general consideration 
will show that species are more difficult to 
raise than hybrids. 

A close inspection of the Orchid groups 
at the recent Chelsea Show fully proved how 
extremely energetic the seed-raiser has been 
during the past few years, for hybrids there 
were in abundance, their form and coloration 
appearing unlimitable. There is an increasing 
tendency among trade growers to cultivate, 
as far as circumstances will allow, only 
hybrids possessing a vigorous constitution, 
for this is undoubtedly a most important 
point to consider when supplying plants 
to amateurs, many of whom oftentimes 
lack the facilities necessary to ensure 
perfection of growth being obtained. — It is 
of little use producing a_ beautiful flower 
if its constitution is such that only a 
professional can accomplish its successful 
cultivation. 

The Chelsea Show may well be taken as 
the finest exhibition of flowers held during 
the year. It is a show which in normal 
times of peace many continental enthusiasts 
rarely fail to visit. On this account it is not 
to be wondered at that exhibitors endeavour 
to stage their finest productions, and 
indirectly record another milestone of their 
progressive work. The improvement of 
species is necessarily very slow, for it must 
always be remembered that it is not the 
typical form of the species, with all its 
vigorousness, that is selected, but one that 
stands well outside the normal limits, such, 
for example, as an albino variety, with its 
apparently delicate constitution, and those 
species which show so little desire to 


perpetuate themselves that they are even 
rare in their native land. 

As regularly as this great spring show 
arrives each year so do the albino varieties 
of Cattleya Mossiaz come into flower. There 
is, however, one unfortunate point regarding 
this species, its constitution is weakly, and 
were it not for the continual importations of 
vigorous plants it is doubtful whether it could 
have been represented as well as it has been 
in the past. The demand for imported plants 
has so much decreased of late, that there 1s 
but little means of discovering albino forms, 
and were it not for the seed-raiser these 
white varieties would be little more than a 
sweet memory of the past. 

The chance that two superb varieties of 
any species should intercross in their native 
home is very remote, and still more so is the 
chance that two albino forms should meet. 
The seed-raiser not only overcomes this 
difficulty, but he takes good care to use as 
parents two of the finest white forms he can 
procure, and by this means he improves on 
nature by breeding from selected parents. 
Thus we find the seed-raiser taking the place 
of the importer, and producing numerous 
albinos of superior merit. Not only have 
albino forms of Odontoglossum crispum been 
raised true from seed, but the much cherished 
varieties with yellow spotting are every 
season becoming more plentiful. History 
often repeats itself, and we are now admiring 
the spotted crispum just as much as we did 
twenty years ago, the only difference being 
that then we chose spots of rose-purple while 
now we select those of bright yellow colour. 

Yellow Odontiodas. So accustomed are 
we to consider Odontiodas as red flowering 
that it looks lke a misprint to call some of 
them yellow. In the primary hybrids of 
Cochlioda Noezliana we see how the red 
colour of this small flowering species covers 
the entire surface, or at least the blotched 
area, and this same effect 1s produced in the 
majority of the secondaries. An examination 
will show that this red colour is chiefly 
situated on the surface, while the inside 
portion is often of yellowish colour. On 
further hybridising some of these primary 


200 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


results the colour cells are rearranged, and 
many of those previously hidden from view 
are brought to light. For example, in 
Odontioda Charlesworth (C. Noezliana x O. 
Harryanum) the flowers appear of mch red, 
but in the next generation, of which 
Oda. Madeline (Oda. Charlesworthu x Odm. 
crispum) is an example, the inner cells of 
yellow colour are rendered visible, and we 
obtain what is practically a yellow Odontioda. 
There is not sufficient red colour to cover 
the surface of the flower, only enough to 
form a few orange-red markings. Similar 
examples are to be seen in Odontioda Joan 
(Oda. Charlesworthi x Odm. ardentissimum), 
and in others as yet unnamed. Before long 
we may see the entire disappearance of the 
red blotches, the yellow ground remaining 
and forming a flower to which the varietal 
name aurea may be applied. 

During the last 25 years Miltonia venillaria 
has been largely used in the formation of the 
principal groups at the Temple Shows and 
latterly at Chelsea, and in all cases it has 
proved of untold value as a _ decorative 
species. But the energetic seed-raiser has 
not neglected this genus, as recent results 
have shown. Unlike other genera there is 
not the diversity of material to work with, 
for in the production of large flowers only 
vexillaria and Roezlu are worthy of attention. 
However, if the hybridist has been short of 
material he has not failed in turning it to the 
best account. In M. vexillaria var. Lyoth we 
have a home-raised plant of great beauty, 
and obtained by the use of the two well- 
known forms chelseaensis and G. D. Owen; 
the rosy flowers have a large blotch of 
crimson-purple, from which radiate thick 
lines and final spots. No less beautiful 
are the many hybrids having varying 
quantities of vexillaria and Rcezlu in their 
parentage. They are known respectively as 
Bleuana, Hyeana, St. André, Isabel Sander, 
Sanderiana, Jules Hye de Crom and 
Charlesworthu, the latter being a_ great 
improvement on the historic variety of 
vexillaria known as G. D. Owen. 

Among the Odontoglossums we find an 
endless array of Harryanum hybrids, chiefly 


[June, 1915. 


those made up with crispum and Pescatorei. 
Of late years there have been several 
immense flowers exhibited under high 
sounding names, but which do not appear 
to be anything else than a combination of 
crispum and Harryanum. They may all be 
classed as superfine varieties of amabile. 
Size is an important point with many 
connoisseurs, while to others richness of 
coloration appeals the most. In this year’s 
show the flowers, taken on the average, are 
of better shape, perhaps not so many giants, 
and with the markings more neatly arranged, 
doubtless due to the careful selection 
exercised by exhibitors. In the yellow 
grounded section of Odonts. a slight advance 
can be recorded, although progress must 
necessarily be slow, for suitable material 
from which to breed is by no means plentiful. 
Notwithstanding “ albino” forms of several 
species, from which some promising results 
have already been obtained, we notice that 
triumphans continues to hold its own as a 
breeder of yellow Odontoglossums. Although 
Oncidiums appear to be closely related, 
especially when their manner of growth 1s 
considered, there is a very marked difference 
in the coloration of their flowers, for while 
the Oncidiums are noted for their abundance 
of yellow blooms the Odontoglossums are 
singularly deficient in this respect. Were it 
not for the floriferous spikes of Oncidium 
Marshallianum there would indeed be little 
yellow seen in the Orchid groups. 


a a oe 
WY we “Y 


ONcCIDIUM ANTHOCRENE.—The - specific 
name of this Onciditum is a fanciful one, 
meaning fountain of flowers. It produces 
large upright branched spikes of dark- 
coloured flowers, having the sepals and petals 
much undulated, chocolate-brown,  trans- 
versely barred with yellow towards the base, 
and the lip white, with a red band in front of 
the crest. It is a winter-blooming plant, and 
somewhat resembles Miltonia Warscewiczii in 
its habit of growth. Messrs. Stuart Low and 
Co. have several healthy plants of this rarity 
in their establishment at Jarvisbrook, Sussex. 


June, 1915. ] THE ORCHID, WORLD: 201 


Vanda Sanderiana flowering in the garden of D. Schaap, E:q., Madioen, Java. 


VANDA SANDERIANA.— [he accompanying 
illustration is of a remarkably fine specimen 
of this Philippine species as it flowered in 
the garden of Mr. D. Schaap, Kandangan, 
Madioen, Java, in April, 1915. 
of its real beauty may be obtained from 
the fact that it carried three spikes with the 
unusually large number of 32 flowers. 
When John Dominy, the father of Orchid 
hybridisation, first saw this species in flower 
he exclaimed, “ Thank goodness, I have lived 
to see this marvel among Vandas.” The 
credit of discovering it 1s due to Messrs. 
Sander and Sons’ collector M. Roebelen, 
who procured plants towards the end of the 


Some idea 


year 1881 at a place called Davao, in the 
Philippine Islands. M. Roebelen found some 
difficulty in obtaining porters to carry his 


VOL. V. 


luggage, but ultimately achieved success by 
making a bargain with the chief of a native 
tribe, the principal condition being the 
handing over of his umbrella, which was 
particularly wanted for the adornment of 
his wife. Vanda Sanderiana first flowered 
in England in the summer of 1883, and the 
amount of interest it aroused may best be 
judged from the fact that within a few 
months the large sum of 4200 was paid 
for a single plant. The climate of 
European countries is not very suitable for 
the cultivation of this beautiful species, 
and the few instances where it has been 
grown and flowered for many _ successive 
years seem to prove that a high temperature 
and abundance of atmospheric moisture are 
necessary. 


202 THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 


[June, 1915. 


Oncidium McBeanianum (superbiens X macranthum). 
Exhibited at the Chelsea Show by Messrs. ]. G A. McBean 


ONCIDIUM McBEANIANUM. 


LTHOUGH there are a few natural 
hybrids in the genus Oncidium very 


few indeed have been _ produced 
artificially, which is somewhat remarkable 
when the bright and rich colours of the 
majority of species are considered. This 
rareness will make the beautiful hybrid shown 
in the accompanying photograph all the more 


interesting, and perhaps lead others to take 
an interest in the genus. 

Oncidium McBeanianum, which bears the 
raiser’s name, was produced by crossing 
superbiens and macranthum var. hastiferum, 
both parents being well-known South 
American species. Like many other hybrids 
this plant grows with remarkable vigour, 
there being no sign of the deterioration 
frequently seen in the parents when under 


June, 1915] THE ORCHID WORLD. 203 


Oncidium superbiens. 


Oncidium macranthum. 


The two parents of Oncidium McBeanianum. 


cultivation. It will therefore be of con- 
siderable service to all amateurs fond of cool 
house Oncidiums. 

The inflorescence is many feet in length, 
and has the usual twining habit of macran- 
thum. On fully grown plants at least thirty 
flowers are produced, each a little less than 
3 inches across, the sepals olive-brown, the 
petals yellow with olive-brown spotting on 
their basal portion, while the labellum, with 
its strongly developed crest, and the column 
are of varying purple tints. The petals are 
arranged in the same plane as the sepals, and 
are not bent forward as in superbiens, yet 
they perpetuate the latter’s spotting in an 
attractive manner. 

O. superbiens is a native of Colombia, 
where it is found at an elevation of about 
8,000 feet. It was first discovered by Purdie, 
about the year 1843, and was introduced to 
England in 1871, the first plant flowering in 
Messrs. Veitch’s nursery at Chelsea in the 
spring of 1872. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM BEATRICE.—A charming 
addition to the cirrhosum hybrids, raised by 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, the 
parentage being cirrhosum x Lambeauianum. 
The rich yellow on the labellum, the unusually 
dark chocolate-purple markings and_ the 
attenuated segments are the chief distinctive 
points. 


L4LIO-CATTLEYA IVANHOE.—An excel- 
lent flower of this hybrid between L.-C. 
eximia and C. Dowiana was shown by Baron 
Schréder at the R.H.S. meeting, April 27th, 
191s. It was raised by Mr. Shill in The Dell 
collection, and gives every promise of making 
a handsome result. 


BRASSOCATTLELIA CONSTANCE. — The 
result of crossing B.-C.-L. Veitchu (L. 
purpurata x B.-C. Digbyano-Mossize) with C. 
intertexta (Mossize x Warneri). Raised by 
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough. 


204 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


L@LIO-CATTLEYA ELDORADO. — This 
pleasing hybrid has been raised by Mr. Collier 
in the Gatton Park collection, Surrey. The 
parents are L.-C. Canhamiana alba and C. 
Eldorado var. Wallisu, resulting in an albida 
flower of a promising nature. 

LA&LIO-CATTLEYA NENA—Messrs. Flory 
and Black are the raisers of this interesting 
hybrid between L.-C. warnhamensis and L.-C. 
Dominiana. An excellent example, received 
an Award of Merit, R.H.S., April 13th, 1915. 

CYMBIDIUMS.—The following have been 
raised in the collection of Lieut.-Col. Sir 
George Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt :— 
Seamew (l’Ansonu x _ Parishii), Garnet 
(Lowianum x Parish), and Jasper (eburneo- 
Lowianum x Parishii). 

SOPHROCATTLALIA RIENZI—The result 
of crossing Sophro-Lelia Phroso (L. Jong- 
heana x S-L. Orpetit) and C. Schrédere. 
Raised by Mr. H. G. Alexander, in the 
Westonbirt collection. 

CATTLEYA ARGOSY.—The parents of this 
pleasing hybrid are suberba and Lord Roths- 
child. Raised in the Westonbirt collection. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA ANACONDA.—A very 
attractive hybrid between L.-C. Pallas and 
C. Dowiana Rosita. Exhibited by Baron 
Bruno Schroder at the Royal Horticultural 
Society, May 11th, 1915, when it obtained 
an Award of Merit. 

CATTLEYA DUBIOSA—In August, 1807, 
M. Maron, of Brunoy, exhibited several new 
hybrids, one of which was C. dubiosa, 
with Triana and Harrisoniana as suggested 
parents. Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, of 
Tunbridge Wells, have recently raised a 
hybrid from the same two species, and 
although there is not in their case any 
dubiosity concerning the parentage it will 
be as well to adopt the original specific 
name. 

CATTLEYA PANAMA.—When _ recording 
this hybrid on page 181 it was erroneously 
termed a Leelio-Cattleya. 

LALIO-CATTLEYAS.—Mr. H. G. Alexander 
has raised the following new hybrids in 
the Westonbirt collection :—Lzlio-Cattleyas 
Coralie (C. Schrédere x L-C€ Tigris), 
Hadrian (C. Enid x L.-C.  callistoglossa), 


[June, 1915. 


Jacinth (C. Trianz x L.-C. Pizarro), Nimrod 
(C. Fabiax L.-C. Gottoiana), Cortez (L.-C. 
Pizarro x C. Schrédere), and Goldflake (C. 
Schrédere x L.-C. Elinor). 

ODONTOGLOSSUM CLOTILDE.—When this 
hybrid was exhibited at the R.H.S., April 13th, 
1915, with Clytie (Edwardu x Pescatore1) and 
eximium as the parentage, some doubt was 
expressed as to the same being correct, for 
there was no evidence of the unmistakable 
characters of Edwardu. Mr. R. G. Thwaites, 
in whose collection it was raised, now 
informs us that the correct parents are 
crispo-Harryanum and eximium, of which the 
flower gives proof. Both crosses have been 
raised, the one under number 3148, the 
other 3184, the similarity of the figures 
causing the seedlings to get mixed during the 
process of potting and re-labelling. 

ODONTIODAS.—The following two Odon- 
tiodas were exhibited at the recent Chelsea 
Show by Messrs. Sander and Sons :— 
O. Ypres (Odm. Lambeauianum x Oda. 
Vuylstekee) and OO. vivicans (Oda. 
Vuylstekez x Oda. Sandere). 

LA&ALIA TENEFLAVA—This new _ hybrid 
between tenebrosa and flava was exhibited 
by Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Chelsea 
Show, 1915. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM —ROSALIND. — Messrs. 
Mansell and Hatcher are the raisers of this 
hybrid between Wiganianum and amabile, 
a good example being exhibited by them 
at the Chelsea Show, 1915. 

ODONTIODA SUNBEAM.—Oda. Vuylstekez 
and Odm. Lambeauianum are the parents 
of this pretty hybrid which Messrs. Mansell 
and Hatcher have recently raised and 
flowered. 

ODONTIODA COLMANI#.—This_ beautiful 
hybrid received a First-class Certificate when 
exhibited at the Chelsea Show by Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart. The segments are 
golden-yellow, handsomely blotched with 
chestnut-red. Odontioda Bradshawie is given 
as one parent, but the other cannot be 
definitely stated until other plants from this 
batch come into flower. No doubt it will 
prove to be an Odontoglossum hybrid 
containing triumphans. 


June, 1915-] THE ORCHID WORLD. 205 


STAGING. 


TT: old books on Orchid growing tell 
us how the houses were heated with 


brick flues, and of the various 
contrivances for producing a close and humid 
atmosphere, while the higher the temperature 
so much the better were the plants expected 
to grow. Now I do not suggest that anyone 
wishes to go back to this state of things, for 
it has long been found unsatisfactory, but 
with regard to the staging there are still 
various opinions concerning its structure. 
Not so long ago all houses were built with 
a double staging, the top portion of lattice 
pattern, the lower one of solid composition 
and generally covered with gravel or similar 
material; the intervening space being rarely 
more than six inches. But this style seems 
to be passing away, and we are now recom- 
mended to allow a free circulation of air 
round the plants, and to use but a single 
stage, and that of lattice pattern. 

From a practical grower’s point of view 
I believe the single stage to be the best, but 
it must only be used where the atmosphere 
of the whole house can be kept in a suitably 
moist condition. Of course, there are some 
houses that have to accommodate other plants 
than Orchids, and where this is the case it 
is absolutely necessary that an under-stage 
be used to produce the requisite amount of 
atmospheric moisture, at least round about 
that portion where the Orchids are placed. 
But in most gardens it is now possible to 
devote a house entirely to cool-growing 
Orchids, and another to the warmth-loving 
kinds, and in either case they are so 
constructed that it is possible to maintain 
the requisite moisture without under-staging, 
and thus allow the plants that free circulation 
of air which is regarded as essential to the 
making of a robust constitution. 

In the first place it is the hot-water pipes 
that have a considerable influence on the 
production of a suitable atmosphere. In 
several houses that I have visited the pipes 
are placed too near the staging, probably 
with the idea that the nearer they are to the 
plants so much the better. But this is not 


the best principle of correct Orchid culture, 
as many have proved to their cost. In 
houses devoted to cool-growing plants the 
best results are obtained when the pipes are 
at least three feet from the staging. They 
should not lie on the ground, but about one 
foot above, where they are near enough to 
warm the soil and thus evaporate some of its 
moisture. About nine inches above the pipes 
a structure composed of tiles or similar 
moisture-holding material should be placed, 
this being kept continually damp in order 
that an abundance of moisture may be sent 
forth into the interior of the house. With 
this arrangement there is no fear of producing 
a dry atmosphere, for the more the pipes are 
heated so much the more water do they 
evaporate from the damp soil beneath and 
the wet tiles above. Although this description 
of the moisture-holding structure on top of 
the pipes may read very much like that of 
an under-staging it is in reality quite a 
different affair. 

One other point which requires notice is 
the shading and ventilation. Dry air entering 
at the lower ventilators rapidly absorbs 
moisture from the interior of the house, and 
a rapid and continuous current of air passing 
through the house on a hot summer’s day 
will very soon take out of it a considerable 
quantity of moisture. Although a certain 
amount of ventilation is absolutely necessary, 
too great an amount is on this account 
considerably harmful, and entails much extra 
work in damping down. ‘To overcome this 
difficulty every means must be employed to 
shade the house in a manner that will not 
only keep out unnecessary sunshine, but also 
prevent the house from being over-heated. 
Prevention is better than cure, and it is easy 
to understand that if the glass is properly 
shaded early in the morning there will not be 
any need for an excessive amount of dry air 
to rush through the house. I much prefer 
blinds fixed about twelve inches above the 
roof, and during the greater part of the 
summer a canvas or whitewash covering on 
the glass itself. 

I hope from the above remarks that readers 
will understand how by correct shading, 


200 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


proper ventilation and the right style of 
heating, it is possible to maintain the 
atmosphere of the whole house in a suitable 
condition, instead of only the portion 
surrounding the actual plants, as is the 
case when a double staging is the sole 
ineans used to create atmospheric moisture.— 

Foreman. 


ORCHIDS AT CAMDEN PARK, 
TUNBRIDGE WELLS. 


HERE are several good collections of 

Orchids round about Tunbridge 

Wells, that formed by- Mr. E. R. 

Ashton, of Broadlands, Camden Park, being 

of particular interest, for it contains not only 

good species, but a comprehensive selection 
of hybrids. 

Among those which have recently been in 
flower mention may be made of Cattleya 
Clesiana alba (intermedia alba x Loddigesu 
alba), with pure white flowers of thick 
substance, and an improvement on the 
original and coloured form of this hybrid 
first flowered in 1899. There is also an 
excellent variety of Leelio-Cattleya Wellsiana 
(purpurata x Triana) with white segments, 
the lip slightly coloured; it is a most useful 
hybrid for producing a display in the early 
months of the year. Cattleya Antiope is the 
result of crossing Chamberlainiana (Leopold 
x aurea) and aurea, and is interesting on 
account of its yellow flowers and the way 
they are made of long lasting nature by the 
inclusion of Leopoldu in the parentage. 
Although Cattleya citrina has a bad reputa- 
tion, there are occasional exceptions, a plant 
in this collection has flowered regularly for 
the last seventeen years, and appears likely 
to continue in the same prosperous condition. 

Coelogyne Mooreana and C. Lawrenceana 
are two handsome representatives of this 
genus, which very rarely receives its due 
attention, for apart from numerous small 
flowering species, there are some which make 
attractive points in any Orchid house. 


[June, 1915 


At the Chelsea Show of 1914 there were 
many superb Miltonias; indeed, it was 
described by some as a Miltonia show, so 
numerous and popular were they. Mr. Ashton 
has obtained a wide selection of the old 
varieties as well as many of the latest 
productions. One of the prettiest is Miltonia 
vexillaria Lyoth, raised from vy. chelseaensis 
and v. G. D. Owen, the large rose flower 
having a dark crimson blotch with radiating 
lines; if 1s an improvement on the former 
parent. A charming flower is to be seen in 
vexillaria Lambeauiana, as well as in vy. Queen 
Alexandra. The gem of this section is 
Miltonia Charlesworthi, with an immense 
rich crimson blotch on the basal part of 
the labellum, and possessing a_ vigorous 
constitution. 

With the ever popular Odontoglossums 
there is always something of interest, and one 
cannot help noticing the wide improvement 
to be seen in the most recent productions over 
those of twenty years ago. Some of the old 
varieties are in this collection, and include 
crispum Queen Victoria, c. Annie and c. 
Rossendale. In the same house are several 
choice varieties of Lycaste Skinner: and 
Cymbidiums Pauwelsi and Gottianum. 

Odontioda Ashtonu (C. Noezliana x O. 
Armstrongia), bears the owner’s name, and 
was one of last year’s novelties. Other recent 
productions in this class include Charles- 
worthu, the pretty Cupid (C. Noezliana x O. 
ramosissimum), Brew and Royal Gem, the 
latter having an attractive flower of yellow 
ground colour with scarlet-red markings. 
Mention may also be made of Odontonia 
brugensis (O. Edwardu x M. vexillaria) and 
Miltonioda Harwoodu (C. Noezliana x M. 
vexillaria), both remarkable hybrids. 

Among the numerous Cattleya hybrids a 
novelty of considerable promise is to be seen in 
C. Sybil (aurea x iridescens), the latter parent 
being a hybrid between bicolor and Eldorado. 
It is very pleasing to note the keen interest 
which Mr. Ashton always takes in_ his 
plants, and it is mainly on this account 
that he obtains such excellent _ results, 
both m vigorous plants and many-flowered 
spikes. 


June, 1915. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 207 


4 


Celogyne pandurata, 
a 16-flowered specimen, grown by 
Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells. 


Ca:LOGYNE PANDURATA.—At the recent 
Chelsea Show Messrs. Armstrong and Brown 
were awarded the Lindley Medal for three 
superb specimens of C. pandurata. This high 
award was well deserved, for never before 
have such fine examples of this Bornean 
species been exhibited. The largest plant, 
including the spike of 16 greenish flowers, 
measured nearly 6 feet in length, while the 
stiff, erect leaves were proportionally large. 
A peculiarity only noticeable on strongly 
grown specimens is the wax-like substance 
formed on the under side of the leaves. This 
species is sometimes called the Fiddle Orchid, 
on account of the close resemblance of the 
labellum to that musical instrument. The 
curious blackish markings on the lip con- 
siderably add to the attractive nature of the 
flower. Needless to state, these plants were 
one of the chief centres of attraction in 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown’s exhibit, for 
which a Silver-gilt Cup was awarded. 


fA’, ed 


THE DAvipsoON CuPp—For 10915 this 
annual trophy was offered for the finest 
variety of Cattleya Mendeln exhibited at 
the Chelsea Show. The judges have given 
their decision in favour of the variety bearing 
the name Queen Mary, exhibited by Mr. 
F. Menteith Ogilvie, of The Shrubbery, 
Oxford. This flower is of large size, 
pure white, excepting the labellum, which 
has the apical portion flushed with faint 
rose-pink. A portion of the original plant 
was exhibited by Lieut.-Col. Sir George 
Holford at the Royal 
Exhibition, 1912, when it 
First-class Certificate. 


International 
obtained a 


208 THE ORCHID WORED: 


= 


[June, 1915. 


Cymbidium Alexanderi, Fowler's variety. 


CYMBIDIUM ALEXANDERI—The _ intro- 
duction of Cymbidium insigne gave most 
valuable material for the production of a new 
section of this genus, for until that event the 
principal change had been effected by C. 
eburneum, examples of which are to be seen 
in eburneo-Lowianum and Wiganianum 
(eburneum x Lowianum). In C. Alexanderi, 
of which we give an illustration of Fowler’s 


variety, a beautiful hybrid has been produced 
by the use of eburneo-Lowianum and insigne; 
in the above variety the rose-tinted flower has 
the sepals and petals lined with rose-purple, 
the labellum marked with crimson-red. It 
obtained a First-class Certificate, Royal Horti- 
cultural Society, February 18th, 1913, when 
exhibited by Mr. J.Gurney Fowler. Our picture 
is reproduced from the Society’s /ournad. 


June, 1915. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 209 


> 


Odontoglossum cirrhosum. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CIRRHOSUM. 


HERE are one or two very distinct 
points about O. cirrhosum that render 
it valuable for producing attractive 

hybrids of the decorative class, and the 
crosses that have appeared of late seem to 
show more than ever how strongly fixed are 
these specific characters. At first sight the 
flower does not suggest anything very 
promising, while the narrow nature of the 
segments probably restrained breeders from 
using it in preference to those of better 
formation, such, for example, as O. crispum. 
But now that several elegant hybrids have 
been raised by its use breeders are firmly 
convinced that it possesses more than one 
distinctive feature, which, when carried 
forward in the following generation, prove of 
special attraction. 

The continual desire to produce flowers of 
round shape, with their segments so broad 
that they overlap, has, in the opinion of not a 
few amateurs, been carried too far, the spike 
having a congested nature and oftentimes too 
heavy to produce an artistic effect. To 


obviate this undesirable character 1s by no 
means difficult, for there is a general tendency 
among almost all hybrids to yield flowers of 
a starry nature, but to produce them with 
segments that can be described as graceful 
and artistic requires the use of a_ parent 
having these essential points, and such a plant 
we have in O. cirrhosum. 

The outstanding features of cirrhosum are 
the much attenuated segments, the large area 
of yellow colour on the base of the labellum, 
and the remarkable power it has of producing 
rich and darkly coloured spots and blotches. 

In O. Phoebe (cirrhosum x crispum) we have 
a graceful hybrid, with the flowers somewhat 
loosely arranged on the spike, yet sufficiently 
fixed to render them steady, while the 
attenuated segments give just that finishing 
touch to make them graceful. On the base 
of the labellum there is an unusual amount of 
yellow coloration, extending far beyond the 
usual limits of the crest area; in a few 
examples nearly the whole of the labellum 1s 
similarly coloured. 

In O. triumphosum (triumphans x cirr- 
hosum) the yellow colour of the former parent 
is considerably improved by the influence of 
cirrhosum, being of a brighter nature, while 
the central blotch on the labellum shows to 
advantage. The sepals and petals are 
blotched with dark chocolate-brown. 

O. Fletcherianum (Edwardu x cirrhosum) 1s 
remarkable for the intensely dark pigment 
seen in the majority of examples. In the 
variety nigrescens, which obtained an Award 
of Merit, R.H.S., the colour was almost black. 
This peculiarity is not entirely due to the 
Edwardu parent, for many other instances 
have occurred in hybrids not containing this 
species. 

Odontoglossum Gladys (cirrhosum x crispo- 
Harryanum) is another worthy hybrid, in 
which the broad labellum of Harryanum 
increases the size of the narrow lip of 
cirrhosum, and, in fact, much improves the 
prominent crest area. 

O. Beatrice (cirrhosum x Lambeauianum) 
is the latest addition to the cirrhosum 
hybrids, the first plant having just flowered 
with the raisers, Messrs. J. and A. McBean, 


210 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


It is described in this issue 
under the heading “ New Hybrids.” 


Cooksbridge. 


Passing on to the Odontiodas, mention 
may be made of O. keighleyensis (cirrhosum 
x Noezliana), in which the prettily formed 
flowers are of a brilliant reddish-scarlet. 
Also in many secondary and other Odontiodas 
containing cirrhosum the intense colour 1s 
exceptionally bright. 

Odontocidium Fowlerianum (cirrhosum x 
On. Forbes) is of interest as a bigeneric 
hybrid, and so also is Odontonia Lucilia 
(cirrhosum x Miltonia spectabilis), figured and 
described in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IV., 
p. 125, and yet another in Odontonia Cybele 
(cirrhosum x Muiltonia candida), figured in 
Vol i paensae 

From the above remarks concerning the 
virtues of O. cirrhosum it 1s plainly evident 
that we possess a species of the greatest 
utility, for apart from its own special charms 
it forms a connecting link with the Miltonias, 
from which so much may be expected in the 
future. 


FLOWERS IN SEASON. 


LALIO-CATTLEYA CORTEZ.—This is an 
excellent example of a hybrid raised from 
three species noted for the golden-yellow 
coloration in their throat. The parentage 1s 
L.-C. Pizarro (L. Jongheana x C. aurea) x 
C. Schrédere, the result being a beautiful 
rich rose-coloured flower having veining of a 
darker shade and the expansive labellum 
bright golden-orange. It has been raised 
in the Westonbirt collection by Mr. H. G. 
Alexander, who sends the flower for our 
inspection. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA (GOLDEVAKE Ss 
cinnabarina and L. harpophylla have often 
been used for the production of yellow 
flowering hybrids; sometimes the former 
appears to give the best results, at other times 
the latter. In this instance Mr. H. G. 
Alexander used both species in conjunction 
with C. Schrédere, the following being 


his method :—C. Schroédere x L.-C. Elinor 


[June, 1915. 


(C. Schrédere x L. Coronet), L. Coronet 
being cinnabarina x harpophylla. This skilful 
arrangement includes both the Laelias and a 
double dose of the delicately coloured 
Cattleya. The example sent from the 
Westonbirt collection shows that a good 
measure of success has been achieved in the 
production of a large flowering yellow 
Cattleya. 

ODONTIODA IRENE.—An excellent example 
of this imteresting hybrid between Odm. 
Uro-Skinneri and Oda. Charlesworth comes 
from the Walton Grange collection. Briefly 
described it is a crimson Uro-Skinneri, 
and the large labellum of this species 
combined with that of Harryanum, derived 
from Oda. Charlesworthnu, is distinctly 
attractive. 

ODONTIODA ILLUSTRIS.—From Mr. Wm. 
Thompson, of Walton Grange, we have 
received a flower of this hybrid between Oda. 
Charlesworthn and Odm. illustrisst:mum. It 
is of rich crimson-red colour and much 
resembles Oda. Brewu. 

LzLiA LATONA.—From the collection of 
Mr. J. J. Neale, Lynwood, Penarth, we have 
received a remarkably fine spike of this 
hybrid between L. cinnabarina and L. 
purpurata. We do not know its full height 
as it stood on the plant, but the portion sent 
measures no less than 18 inches, and is just 
a shade under half an inch in diameter at its 
lowest end. The upper portion carries 9 
flowers, the largest 6 inches across, of 
bright buff yellow colour, the three-lobed 
labellum rich purple. This hybrid is now 
rarely seen in collections, but when a fine 
variety, such as this specimen proves to be, 
is brought to a high state of perfection it 
creates a truly beautiful effect. Mr. H. 
Haddon, the cultivator of the plant, well 
deserves our congratulations. 

ODONTIODA GRAND MONARCH.-A flower 
of this elegant Odontioda comes from Mr. 
HH. Worsley, of Sherfin, Baxenden, near 
Accrington. Although the parentage is 
uncertain there is good evidence of 
Wilckeanum, the wide flower resembling 
others in which this has been used as a 
parent. In colour it is soft rose-scarlet, of 


June, 1915.] THE 


a pleasing nature, while the expansive 
labellum is slightly hghter, with a considerable 
area of yellow on the basal part. The 
extreme tips of the segments are effectively 
reflexed. From the same collection is sent 
Odontioda Schréderi vivicans (Odm. crispum 
x Oda. Bradshawie), a very bright flower 
of reddish-scarlet colour and distinct in its 
form of blotching. 


CHEESEA) SEOW. 


May 18th, 1915. 


MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Fred. Moore, 
Messrs. J. Gurney Fowler, Jas. O’Brien 
(hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, W. Thompson, 
@ Cookson, W. Cobb, F.7.).* Hanbury, 
T. Armstrong, W. B. Bound, Stuart Low, 
W. Bolton, Pantia Ralli,; H. C. Alexander, 
Wok. White, CH. Carts, Re -A. Rolfe, 
A. Dye, R. Brooman-White, F. Sander, 
J. Charlesworth, H. Chapman, A. McBean, 
eon lon. | J! Cypher cand: J.i9 7K. 
Shill. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury, was 
awarded a Gold Medal for a splendid exhibit, 
containing the choice Cymbidium J. G. 
Fowler, with large cream-yellow flowers, the 
F.C.C. variety of Cymbidium insigne, three 
strong plants of Miltonia Charlesworth, each 
having a bold crimson blotch on the labellum, 
and many good forms of M. _ venillaria. 
High up were two attractive areas, each 
composed of a dozen well-flowered plants of 
Cattleya citrina, while in the centre were 
Ceelogyne Dayana, C. pandurata and the 
pretty Eulophia scripta. Of the special 
plants mention may be made of Odonto- 
glossum Princess Mary, an _ exceedingly 
beautiful hybrid carrying a spike of 17 large 
flowers, blotched with reddish-crimson, the 
handsome O. crispum Saga, O. crispum 
Olive, several distinct forms of O. crispum 
xanthotes, and the unique O. crispum solum. 
Brightness was given by the inclusion of 


‘was much admired. 


ORCHID WORLD. 211 


good Odontiodas, of which Coronation 


Fowler’s variety was the best. Cypripedium 
Maudiew, many fine Brasso-Cattleyas, and 
Lelo-Cattleyas in profusion assisted in 
making one of the finest groups ever staged 
by this prominent amateur. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
was awarded a Silver-gilt Cup for a very 
artistically arranged exhibit, the centre part 
being composed of many-flowered spikes of 
Odontoglossum Thompsonianum and strong 
spikes of Epidendrum Boundu, as well as 
Cymbidium Lowianum concolor, the hand- 
some Cymbidium Colmanu, and hybrids of 
C. eburneum. Oncidium monachicum was 
well flowered, and so also was the rare 
Cirrhopetalum — robustum. Amongst the 
Cattleyas there were many good specimens, 
Temple’s variety of Skinner being in 
perfection, while Cattleya intermedia Aquini 
showed to advantage. Batches of albino 
Cypripediums were formed with Lawren- 
ceanum Hyeanum, callosum Sandere and 
Maudie. A gem inthe group was Odontioda 
Colmaniz, which received a_ First-class 
Certificate. The best forms of Odontoglossum 
crispum included several plants of the variety 
known as Mary Colman, while Rosy Queen 
A special feature of 
this exhibit was the large number of 
Botamical Orchids, many being grown to 
perfection and proving what really interesting 
plants they are. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Gold Medal for an 
excellent exhibit, the centre part of which 
was composed of Miltonia vexillaria, over 
which hung many-flowered spikes — of 
Oncidjum Marshallianum. One side was 
made up with a selection of the best 
Odontiodas, while the opposite end was a 
mass of Odontoglossum hybrids. Amongst 
the special novelties were Odontoglossum 
Grand Duke Nicholas, a very large flower 
of the amabile class; O. crispum Queen of 
the Belgians, of excellent shape; O. crispum 
La France, a beautiful xanthotic variety ; 
Dendrobium Dalhousieanum luteum; the 
rare Schomburgkia Wallisii ; Cattleya Dussel- 
dorfei Undine, with a spike of 5 flowers; the 


212 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


white Lela purpurata Lewis and_ the 
handsome Muiltonia Charlesworthu. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
secured a Gold Medal for an extensive 
exhibit, the two sides of which were made up 
with specimen plants of Dendrobium thyrsi- 
florum and numerous dark varieties of Lzelio- 
Cattleya Hyeana. In prominent positions 
were several excellent Brasso-Cattleyas, also 
a specimen Lycaste gigantea, and _ the 
beautiful Cattleya Schrodere “ Fairy Queen.” 
Miltonia vexillaria “Wm. Thompson” and 
M. vexillaria “G. D. Owen” were two 
splendid varieties. Cypripediums were repre- 
sented by Rowena, Dowleri, and batches of 
niveum, while the new Odontioda Ypres and 
O. vivicans were very bright. Lzelio-Cattleya 
Gold Star (Ariel x Mendelu), with yellow 
sepals and petals and crimson-purple lip, 
secured an Award of Merit. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown’ were 
awarded a Silver-gilt Cup for a splendid 
display of hybrids, among the most inter- 
esting being Cattleya Stuartu (Mendel alba 
x Mossie Wagener1), with pure white flowers, 
and other varieties of the same, made with 
Mossia Reineckiana, which had coloured lips. 
Lelho-Cattleya Mrs. Temple was represented 
by a beautiful variety, while the centre part 
of the group was composed entirely of Brasso- 
Cattleyas and Lzlio-Cattleyas, over which 
hung dark varieties of Odontoglossum 
hybrids. Specially fine were Odontoglossum 
Aglaon, with a spike of 12 large and hand- 
somely marked flowers, and Odontioda 
Coronation Orchidhurst variety. Lelia 
purpurata Lewisu was in fine condition, and 
the pure white Cattleya O’Brieniana alba and 
C. Dusseldorfe1 Undine were in prominent 
positions. Along the front row was a fine 
selection of new Odontoglossum hybrids and 
numerous plants of the pretty Dendrobium 
crepidatum. Undoubtedly the chief attrac- 
tion was a magnificent specimen of Coelogyne 
pandurata, which received the high award of 
a Lindley Medal. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
were awarded a Silver-gilt Cup for a very 
well arranged group, the back part of which 
contained many specimen Oncidiums, the new 


[June, 1915. 


O. McBeanianum being much admired, while 
O. superbiens and Odontocidium Edwar- 
datum were also in fine condition. Amongst 
the Odontoglossums there were several 
attractive hybrids of cirrhosum, also O. 
Fascinator aureum, of golden colour, and 
superb varieties of O. crispum.  Cattleyas 
were well represented, a specimen Mossi 
bearing 24 flowers; the golden-yellow Lehio- 
Cattleya Helius created much notice, while 
Enid and callistoglossa were also good. 
Odontiodas were in grand form, the vigour 
of the plants being remarkable. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, received 
a Silver-gilt Cup for a very effective display. 
Among the noteworthy plants were the new 
Disa Blacku, which secured an Award of 
Merit, Laelo-Cattleya Clarice (L.-C. Fascina- 
tor x C. Empress Frederick), L.-C. Fascinator 
albida, with a spike of 5 large flowers, and 
L.-C. Teucra var. Mrs. Mary Stoker (Martin- 
etti x Mossi), a very beautiful flower of rose- 
crimson colour. In the centre was a very 
fine variety of Brasso-Cattleya Thorntonn, 
with a remarkably large labellum, while B.-C. 
Vilmoriniana was represented by a superb 
variety. Odontioda Lambeauiana var. Nellie, 
a beautiful scarlet-red flower, obtained an 
Award of Merit. 

Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
were awarded a Silver-gilt Cup for a very 
artistic arrangement of Orchids, the species 
including Phalaenopsis amabilis, the richly 
coloured Cattleya Schilleriana and Renan- 
thera Imschootiana, as well as Vanda tricolor, 
V. teres and Lelia purpurata. A graceful 
effect was produced by the inclusion of 
suitable Oncidiums, Epidendrum Boundu, E. 
xanthinum and others. Dendrobium formosum 
and D. thyrsiflorum were very well flowered, 
while the quaint Masdevallia Houtteana 
carried a large number of flowers. In the 
making of this exhibit no staging was used, 
the effect being much praised. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
were awarded a Large Silver Cup for an 
extensive display in which the superb Lzelio- 
Cattleya Sibyl occupied a prominent position. 
Cattleya Mendel “Princess Mary” carried 
14 fine flowers, while the variety delicata was 


June, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 24 


very beautiful. The interesting C. intermedia 
coerulea with a blue lip, the rare Cymbidium 
Devonianum and the blue-flowering Den- 
drobium Victoria Regina were much admired. 
There were also good plants of Arpophyllum 
eiganteum, Vanda ccerulescens, the scarce 
Odontoglossum — bictonense 
varieties of Oncidium Gardneri, the richly 
coloured Sophro-Cattleya Thwaitesii, a varied 
selection of Oncidiums, and numerous Leelio 
and Brasso-Cattleyas. Some very fine forms 
of Dendrobium Brymerianum were also 
included. F 

Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, Rawdon, 
were awarded a Standard Cup for an attrac- 
tive exhibit, in the front part of which were 
high stands decorated with Miltonia vexillaria 
and M. Bleuana, of which a promising batch 
has been raised from seed. Cattleyas and 
Lzlio-Cattleyas were very well staged, and 
Odontiodas embraced some choice forms, 
those bearing the names Atalanta and 
Sunbeam being the best. Oncidium Gardner1 
and Trichopilia Backhouseana were well 
flowered, and the Cypripediums were specially 
good for the time of year. 

Mr. Harry Dixon, Wandsworth Common, 
received a Silver Flora Medal for a neat 
exhibit of various Orchids, including the 
pretty Oncidium phymatochilum, Cymbidium 
Lowianum concolor, Leelio-Cattleya Apollo, 
with yellow flowers, L.-C. Aphrodite and 
Cattleya Mendel virginalis. A very fine 
variety of Sophronitis grandiflora was also 
shown. 

F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, 
Oxford, exhibited Cattleya Mendelu “ Queen 
Mary,” which was considered the best variety 
in the show and thus gained the Davidson 
Cup. Also Odontoglossum Harwood, with 
a spike of 6 flowers; O. Queen Alexandra, 
with a spike of 14 large blooms; a darkly 
coloured hybrid of O. Rolfeaee and Miltonia 
Hyeana “F.-M. Ogilvie,” the latter a 
beautiful flower, to which an Award of Merit 
was granted. 

George W. Bird, Esq., West Wickham, 
Kent, exhibited a very beautiful variety of 
Odontioda Gladys (Oda. Bradshawie x Odm. 
Pescatorei). 


album, good 


wW 


CHELSEA AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontioda Colman, from Sir Jeremiah 
Colman, Bart.—-A very beautiful hybrid, with 
bright golden-yellow flowers handsomely 
blotched with chestnut-red. It is the result 
of crossing Oda. Bradshawia and an Odm. 
hybrid of unknown parentage. 

Lelio-Cattleya Transylvania (Ruby Gem 
x Trianz), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq—A 
remarkable as well as a beautiful hybrid, of 
rich glowing ruby-crimson colour, the labellum 
being unusually well developed. The former 
parent is a hybrid between C. Lawrenceana 
and L.-C. elegans. 

Lelia-Cattleya Sibyl “Low’s var.” (C. 
Mendeli x L.-C. Dominiana), from Messrs. 
Stuart Low and Co.—A magnificent flower of 
large size and richly coloured, the massive 
labellum of dark crimson-purple, with a 
golden area at the base. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Miltonia Hyeana “F. M. Ogilvie,” from F. 
Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, 
Oxford.—A charming hybrid, raised in the 
owner’s collection by crossing M. Bleuana 
Stevensii and M. vexillaria G. D. Owen. The 
round flower china-white, the petals slightly 
flushed with rose, the labellum blotched with 
crimson-red. 

Odontoglossum Princess Mary, from J. 
Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury.—-One of the 
finest Odontoglossums in the show. The 
spike carried no less than 17 large flowers, 
with exceptionally broad petals, and all the 
segments blotched with reddish colour. 

Lelio-Cattleya Gold Star (Mendeliu x 
Ariel), from Messrs. Sander and Sons.—An 
attractive hybrid, with yellow sepals and 
petals, the labellum crimson-purple. 

Odontoglossum Aglaon “ Orchidhurst var.,” 
from Messrs. Armstrong and Brown.—An 
elegant hybrid, with wide flowers neatly 
blotched with chocolate colour. Spike of 
strong, erect habit. 

Odontoglossum crispum Queen of the 


Ba THE 


Belgians, from Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. 
See illustration and note in this issue. 

Lelio-Cattleya Helius (Mossie x G. S. 
Ball), from Messrs. J. and A. McBean.—A 
beautiful flower of bright buff-yellow colour, 
the labellum marked with crimson-red. 

Disa Blacku (Luna x grandiflora), from 
Messrs. Flory and Black—A strong growing 
plant, with an erect spike carrying several 
rose-coloured flowers. 

Cattleya Tityus Rex (Octave Doin x Enid), 
from Messrs. Flory and Black—A_ very 
distinct and beautiful variety of this choice 
hybrid, the rose-coloured flower having a 
large labellum of rich crimson-purple colour, 
with the margin prettily frilled. 

Odontioda Lambeauiana var. Nellie, from 
Messrs. Flory and Black—One of the finest 
forms of this beautiful hybrid between C. 
Neezliana and Odm. Lambeauianum. The 
segments very broad and of bright scarlet-red 
colour. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIE TY. 
May rith, 191s. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Gn the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Vetteh; 
Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, 
Pantia Ralli, R. A. Rolfe, F. J. Hanbury, 
F. M. Ogilvie, T. Armstrong, W. Cobb, 
J. Cypher, J. Shill, H. G. Alexander, A. Dye; 
S: JBlory, “G. Hunters aE Charlesworth, 
R. Brooman-White and Wilson Potter. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lzlio-Cattleya Anaconda (L.-C. Pallas x 
C. Dowiana Rosita), from Baron Bruno 
Schroder, Englefield Green, Surrey. A very 
attractive hybrid carrying two spikes, each 
with three flowers. The sepals and petals 
of old gold colour flushed with reddish 
copper, the labellum rich ruby crimson. 

Leelio-Cattleya Fascinator—Mossie var. 
Imogene, from Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough. 
A beautiful hybrid with broad pure white 
sepals and petals, the well-developed labellum 


ORCHID WORLD. 


[June, 1915. 


bright purple. This plant was shown at the 
previous meeting, but was not then fully 
developed. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION. 


To Mr. J. Shill, gr. to Baron Schréder, for 
Lelho-Cattleya Anaconda, with very robust 
bulbs and leaves, and two spikes, each with 
three flowers. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


A Silver Flora Medal was awarded to 
H. T.. Pitt, Esq., fora), pleasmeneroup 
containing good plants of Miltonia vexillaria, 
the distinct Cypripedium glaucophyllum, the 
new Cymbidium Sappho (Lowianum = x 
I’Ansonu), a clear yellow variety of Anguloa 
Clowesin and the pretty Zygopetalum 
Perrenoudi. 

R. G:;»Thwaites, Esq. Streatham: Hall 
sent Odontoglossum Meredithiz (Rossi x 
venustulum), with a spike of four richly 
coloured flowers. 

W. Cobb, Esq., Normanhurst, Rusper, 
exhibited Cattleya Harlequin, with varying 
shades of colour. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged 
Odontoglossum eximium, of good shape and 
colour, the lip resembling that of O. crispum. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


April 29th, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. J. 
Crombleholme (an the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, 
A. Hanmer, Dr. Hartley, J. Howes, A. J. 
Keeling, J. Lupton, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, 
P. Smith, H. Thompson, H. Throp, G. 
Weatherby and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded 
to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, and a 
Silver-gilt Medal to Wm. Thompson, Esq., 
Walton Grange, for excellent groups of 
various Orchids. 

Silver Medals were awarded to Messrs. J. 
Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham; Messrs. A. 
J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford; and the 
Liverpool Orchid Co, 


June, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 215 


A Bronze Medal was awarded to F. A. 
Hindley, Esq., Bradford. Other exhibitors 
included Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn ; 
A. J. Oakshott, Esq., Bidston; Mrs. R. 
le Doux, West Derby; Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean, Cooksbridge; and Mr. W. 
Shackleton, Bradford. 

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Coelogyne burfordiensis (pandurata x 
asperata), Odontioda Irene var. waltonensis 
(Odm. Uro-Skinneri x Oda. Charlesworth), 
and O. Illustris (Odm. illustrissimum x Oda. 
Charlesworthn), all from Wm. Thompson, 
Esq. 

Odontioda Princess Mary, from A. J. 
Oakshott, Esq. 

Leelio-Cattleya McBeaniana (C. Schrodere 
x L. anceps Schréderiana), from Messrs. J. 


and A. McBean. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum Invernium (Doris x 
Ossulstoni), O. Phocis (Phoebe x Solon), O. 
Episcasta (Clytie x crispum), O. illustrissimum 
“Walton Grange,” Miltonia Jules Hye de 
Crom var. Orpheus (Hyeana x venillaria), M. 
Hye var. Eurydice (Hyeana x Phaleenopsis), 
Odontioda Diana magnifica, O. Graireana 
“Walton Grange,” Cattleya Mossie “ Mam- 
moth,” and B.-C.-L. Joan, all from Wm. 
Thompson, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Black Dragon (Pluto x 
Black Prince), Odontioda Brewn “ Black 
Knight,” and Miltonia Bleuana albens, from 
R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Mossie “Mrs. Bernal Bagshaw,” 
from Mrs. R. le Doux. 

Odontoglossum amabile “Twilight,” 
Col. Rutherford. 

Odontioda H. Worsley (Odm. crispum x 
Oda. Goodsonie), and Lycaste lanipes, both 
from Messrs. A. J]. Keeling and Sons. 


from 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. 


Mr. J. Howes, gr. to Wm. Thompson, Esq., 
for Masdevallia Kimballiana. 


1\\ QA NS. S 
h\\ \ — 
A \\ ROS NS 
i : 


\\\Y 
\ 


Oncidium Marshallianum. 


ONCIDIUM MARSHALLIANUM.—No matter 
what novelties appear in the front ranks of 
the Chelsea Show groups there are always 
many decorative Oncidiums to be seen in the 
background. Without them there would 
be a heavy and unattractive appearance, 
while many corners would entirely lose 
their brightness. No Oncidium excels O. 
Marshallianum with its graceful spikes of 
bright golden-yellow flowers, large in size 
and lasting in perfection over a considerable 
period. This species was originally introduced 
by Messrs. Low & Co. in 1865, through their 
collector Blunt, and is dedicated to Mr. Wm. 
Marshall, for many years the chairman of the 
R.H.S. Floral Committee, and at one time 
an exhibitor of Orchids. 


KN 


DENDROBIUM DIXANTHUM.— This pleasing 
species has recently been well flowered by 
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., who have a 
varied collection of rare Dendrobes in their 
establishment at Jarvisbrook, Sussex. It was 
the Rev. C. Parish who first made known this 
plant to Messrs. Low and Co., in 1864, and at 
a later date Major-General E. S. Berkeley 
described how he invariably found it growing 
with D. albo-sanguineum on the tops of lofty 
trees. The specific name refers to the two 
shades of yellow observable in the flower. 


216 THE VORCHID WORE: 


MASDEVALLIA SCHLIMII. 


HIS species is a native of the 
mountains of Merida in Venezuela, 
at 6,000 feet elevation, where it 

was discovered by Schlim in1843-44. It 
was not introduced into European 
gardens till 1883, when it was sent to 
Messrs. Sander and Sons by one of their 
collectors. 
found by Messrs. Veitch and Sons’ 
collector Burke, on the eastern Cordillera 
of New Granada, near Cocui, whence it 
spreads northwards along the Cordillera, 
with a vertical range of 9,000-11,000 feet 
In this locality 
it is purely epiphytal, growing only on 
the old stunted trees where decaying 
vegetable matter can rest and accumulate. 


It was shortly afterwards 


to near Bucaramanga. 


The leaves are elliptic-obovate, 12 or 
more inches long and 3 inches broad. 
The flowers are about 14 inches in 
diameter; the tube light orange-yellow 
above; the upper sepal light yellow ; 
the lateral sepals yellow, densely mottled 
with brownish- purple  papille; tails 
golden-yellow ; the minute petals white. 
It was first flowered in England by Sir 
Trevor Lawrence, Bart., who exhibited 
it at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
April roth, 1883, when a_ First-class 
Certificate was awarded. 


DENDROBIUM CREPIDATUM ALBUM.— 
Flowers of this interesting rarity are 
kindly sent by Capt. Robert Twiss, of Bird- 
hill, Limerick. The pink tinge usually seen in 
this species has entirely disappeared, leaving 
a shining white flower, the labellum yellow, 
except a small part of the apical area, which, 
like the other segments, is pure white. This 
species, a native of Assam, was introduced 
into cultivation in 1849, and flowered for the 
first time in the collection of Mr. R. S. 
Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury, in the spring 
of the following year. The specific name, 
crepidatum, refers to the slipper-like hollow 
near the base of the lip. It is a charming 
little plant and well worthy of cultivation. 


| June, 1915. 


Masdevallia Schlimii. 


From the same collection comes a spike of 
Odontoglossum Thompsonmianum (Edwardi 
x crispum roseum), a richly coloured variety, 
in which the tips of the segments are bright 
rose, doubtless due to the variety of crispum 
used in its production. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM VULTURIA.—Mr. E. W. 
Thompson, of Haddon House Gardens, 
Ashton-on-Mersey, sends a fine example 
of this hybrid between Vuylstekee and 
triumphans. The colour is chestnut-red with 
bright golden-yellow tips to the segments. 


Ai) alte 


ORCHID WORLD 


JULY, 1915. 


NOTES) 


THE BEAUTIES OF ORCHIDS.—The family 
of the Orchidacee, it must be remembered, 
has long enjoyed a large share of the favour 
of those whose means enable them to engage 
in the culture of tropical plants, which favour 
has, no doubt, been won and held by them in 
consequence of the gorgeous character of 
their remarkably formed and for the most 
part exquisitely coloured flowers. We say 
they have not only won and held this position 
among the few, but that they hold also a high 
place in the estimation of the many. If proof 
be demanded, let the enquirer go and witness 
the delight with which visitors hang around 
these choice exotics at our grand floral 
exhibitions. There they still command, 
as ever, the highest admiration—RKodert 
Warner, 1865. 


LAS 
Ké 
y SS 
Kee 
yes 
he 


VANDA ROXBURGHII—Flowers of a very 
distinct variety of this Indian species are sent 
by the discoverer, Mr. Chas. Power, of 
Barrackpore, India. In the typical V. 
Roxburghu the greenish flowers are closely 
tessellated with olive-brown, the labellum 
violet-purple, but in the above-mentioned 
variety the flower is of pale yellowish-green, 
while the brown colour is entirely absent, 
leaving the chequered markings of so faint an 
emerald-green that they are only visible when 
viewed by transmitted light ; the lip is entirely 
white. In thus losing the coloured markings 
it agrees with other so-called albino Orchids, 
although the varietal name citrina would be a 
better term to use, for it has a recognised 
meaning in this respect, having been used for 
various Odontoglossums in which the removal 
of the markings leaves a citron coloured 


VOL. V. 


flower. V. Roxburgh is of more than 
erdinary interest, for it is the species upon 
which the genus was founded and the first 
Vanda introduced into British gardens. It 
was cultivated by Sir Joseph Banks, and 
flowered in his collection in the autumn of 
1819. It bears the name of Dr. William 
Roxburgh, one of the earliest pioneers of 
Indian botany and Director of the Botanic 
Garden at Calcutta from 1797 to 1814. At 
the present time this species is not popular 
with English growers; in fact, it would be 
difficult to find a plant in cultivation. Not so 
long ago, however, the late Mr. J. S. Bergheim, 
of Belsize Court, Hampstead, received a small 
importation consisting of no less than 15 
distinct varieties, which certainly shows that 
the plant is not without interest. 
to the year 1835, a plant flowered in the 
collection of Earl Fitzwilliam and received the 
name Vanda concolor. It was considered by 
Sir W. J. Hooker to be a variety of V. 
Roxburghu, the only difference being in the 
colour, which was a uniform cinnamon-brown. 


Going back 
> 


od 


yy gy wy 


* 


DENDROBIUM WILLIAMSIANUM.— There 1s 
a healthy plant of this uncommon species in 
Mr. H. S. Goodson’s collection, 
Putney, where it grows suspended from the 
roof of a seedling Cattleya house. 
originally described by Reichenbach in 1878, 
from dried material collected in New Guinea 
by Mr. Goldie, then employed by Mr. B. S. 
Willams, of Upper Holloway. 
are slightly over 2 


Fairlawn, 


It was 


The flowers 
inches across, the flat 
sepals and petals of pale mauve, while the 
scoop-shaped labellum is mauve-purple. — It 


usually flowers in the summer season. 


NO 
[o/e) 


218 THE ORCHID WORED.: 


Masdevallia ignea. 


MASDEVALLIA IGNEAAlthough Masde- 
vallias were great favourites in days gone by, 
they rarely receive much attention in the more 
recently formed collections. This is rather a 
pity, for many of them produce brightly 
coloured flowers, which stand well up above 
the foliage and last some time in perfection. 
This season a remarkable display of M. ignea 
has been produced in the collection of Mr. 
H. S. Goodson, Fairlawn, Putney, where some 
70 healthy plants have each carried about 
10 flowers of bright cinnabar-red colour. 
This fine show of about 700 flowers 1s all the 
more remarkable when it is considered that 
this collection is within five miles of Charing 
Cross. The present stock of M. ignea has 
been produced by propagating a few plants 
obtained some six years ago. 


mS 
Ve 
aS 


a 


Ree 


SEVENTY YEARS AGO—The following 
interesting note, extracted from the Gardeners’ 
Chronicle, June 14th, 1845, explains an 
ingenious method of heating an Orchid house 
in Messrs. Henderson’s nursery at Pine-Apple 
Place :—“ It 1s a span-roofed structure, about 
35 feet in length, and nearly 25 feet in width, 
and is heated by means of hot water flowing 
in iron tanks put up by Messrs. Burbidge and 
Healy. These have been in operation for 


[July, 1915. 


some time, and are found to work well, 
notwithstanding that the boiler is fixed under 
some disadvantage from the circumstance of 
a drain running immediaely under it, which 
prevented it from being properly set. The 
tanks, passing round the house below the 
stage between the pathway and the glass, 
have small openings on the top for the escape 
of steam, immediately from the surface of the 
water. These can be kept open or shut, thus 
affording either moist or dry heat as required. 
The bed in the centre of the house is also 
heated by means of hot water from the same 
boiler flowing in open tanks, the vapour from 
which enters the house through a number of 
finely perforated zinc plates which are level 
with the surface of the bed.” 


Ww gw 


STAGING.—I read with interest the article 
on staging which appeared in the June issue. 
In the Fairlawn collection we have now 
entirely removed the old-fashioned coke and 
cinder ash under-staging, and in its place 
employ only a single stage of battens. Of 
course, we do not allow the heat from the 
hot-water pipes to rush up directly on to the 
plants, which would probably be worse than 
the old method, but some few inches above 
the pipes we fix a length of cocoanut matting, 
which is kept constantly moist. This material 
is of fairly thick nature, and supported by 
three strands of galvanised wire, reaching 
from one end of the house to the other, as 
well as wire netting in order to keep it nice 
and level. About every eight feet small iron 
brackets are erected as additional supports. 
It is surprising how long this matting continues 
to give off moisture when once it has been 
thoroughly saturated with water, which is 
done every morning and night. The space 
between the matting and the plants is about 
one foot, the distance varying slightly as the 
position of the pipes allows, but as much 
space as possible is secured. This method 
allows a free circulation of air and tends to 
keep the atmosphere of the house in a sweet 
condition. Moreover, when we used the coke 
and cinder-ash stage, as well as leaves on the 
ground, we were never free from injurious 


July, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 219 


pests, woodlice being especially troublesome. 
Under the new conditions the houses always 
look neat and clean, the plants grow better, 
and a more suitable atmosphere is produced. 
—Geo. Ek. Day, The Gardens, Fairlawn, 
Putney. 


KS 
% og 
KS 
Nee 
ss 

i 


STAGING.—With reference to the article on 
staging in the June issue, it may interest 
readers to know that in Mr. W. R. Lee’s 
collection at Plumpton Hall, Heywood, 
considerable alterations have recently been 
made. The first job was to lower the hot- 
water pipes until they were about 3 feet below 
the staging. At a distance of 1 foot above 
the pipes zinc trays are erected, these being 
2 inches deep and a little wider than the 
pipes, and filled with limestone chippings, 
which are kept continually moist by frequent 
watering. This method effectually prevents 
any unreasonably hot and dry air from 
reaching the plants. We have entirely 
discarded the practice of placing decayed 
leaves in the houses, and find everything 
much cleaner in consequence; very few insects 
indeed are to be found. Our houses are now 
fitted with two rows of bottom ventilators, 
one on a level with the pipes, the other just 
above the zinc trays. I always use the bottom 
ones first, so that the air may become warm 
before reaching the plants. The top row is 
only used when an extra amount of ventila- 
tion is required during very warm days. Our 
method of arranging the plants is somewhat 
different to that usually employed. We 
endeavour to place every plant about 9 to 
12 inches from the glass, so that they may all 
receive the same amount of light and warmth 
from the sun. In order to do this we use a 
number of stands, varying in height from 6 to 
18 inches ; the shortest are used for the back 
row and the taller ones for the front rows of 
plants. As a precaution against insect pests 
each stand is surrounded by water. The 
results have been astonishing. In every 
house the plants look 50 per cent. better ; not 
only are the new growths much stronger, but 
the bulbs are particularly healthy, owing to 
the bountiful supply of fresh air with its 


beneficial ripening effect, while the plants 
appear less liable to insect attacks. Cypri- 
pediums throw flowers of larger size and 
better colour, while Odontoglossums and 
Miltonias have likewise improved. At night 
time I give as much air as the weather 
conditions will allow, for it is only right that 
plants should receive the same treatment 
under cultivation as they would get in their 
native home. 
growers make a mistake in neglecting this 
important point. The temperature should rise 
gradually until mid-day and then slowly drop, 
the lowest being at night-time, when ventila- 
tion can be given without fear of injuring the 
plants. Of course, I am writing of the 
growing season, and not of a time when 
severe frosts prevail—C. Branch, The 


Gardens, Plumpton Hall. 


I feel that a good many 


REY NGCHOSTYLIS CELESTIS. 


HIS attractive Siamese species, also 
known as Saccolabium cceleste, first 
flowered in the Burford collection in 

1885, when it was described by Reichenbach 
in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for May 30th. 
Messrs. Sander and Sons thus describe it in 
their Rezchenbachia:—‘“It is quite distinct 
from the majority of Saccolabiums in bearing 
upright flower spikes. The largest number 
of species in this handsome genus carry 
pendulous, long racemes, of densely packed 
blossoms, varying in colour from white, rose, 
purple, violet, and orange-crimson, but no 
kinds with which we are acquainted bear such 
charming sapphire and azure-blue_ tipped 
blossoms as S. cceleste, with just enough white 
in the sepals and petals to make the flowers 
perfectly exquisite. Ina large batch of plants 
there is an almost infinite variety in size, form 
and colouring, sometimes the white colour 
preponderating, at other times the blue. It is, 
however, always a gem, and never fails to 
command admiration; we should be glad to 
see this elegant genus more generally 
cultivated. 

“Our collector describes this species as 
growing upon trees in Siam in hot, moist 


220 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


i 
( 


districts, where the land is often under water 
for a considerable time in the rainy season, 
when the temperature is very high. The 
plants grow with marvellous rapidity, emitting 
from among the leaves new roots in 
abundance, which grow with great vigour and 
freedom, apparently absorbing the moisture of 
the air to great advantage. After a time the 
rain suddenly ceases, and then sets in a 
scorching, dry heat, often attended by forest 
fires, in which epiphytic plants suffer first and 
most severely. These fires often extend for 
long distances, and destroy multitudes of 
noble trees and lovely plants, which a few 
short hours previously were laden with 
handsome foliage and beautiful blossoms.” 


Rhynchostylis ceelestis. 


[July, 1915. 


PRINCESS 


ODONTIODA Mary. — This 
beautiful hybrid, one of the gems in the 
collection of Mr. A. J. Oakshott, of Merle 
Dene, Bidston, Cheshire, received a First-class 
Certificate when exhibited at the Manchester 
Orchid Society, May 6th, 1915. The repro- 
duced photograph shows the spike as it then 
appeared, the largest flower being fully 
4 inches across. The colour is rich crimson- 
red, with the labellum a little lighter and 
carrying a yellowish crest. Mr. C. Findlow, 
who is in charge of this collection, kindly 
sends a painting of a single bloom in order to 
show the intensity of the colour, but he is 
unable to state the parentage, for it belongs 
to those of unrecorded origin. 


July, 1915.] 


MOE Vie 


THE ORCHID WORLD, 


Odontioda Princess Mary. 
In the collection of A. J. Oakshott, Esq., Merle Dene, Bidston, Cheshire. 


222 THE ORCHID WORLD. [July, rors. 


Cymbidium Huttoni. 
In the collection of Geo. Hamilton-Smith, Esq., Northside, Leigh Woods, Bristol. 


July, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 223 


CYMBIDIUM HUTTONI. 


N account of the wide interest now 
O being taken in Cymbidiums the 
reproduced photograph of C. Hutton1 
cannot fail to attract more than ordinary 
attention, for not only is this species a rarity 
and notoriously dithcult to cultivate, but the 
specimen figured 1s probably the finest that 
has yet been seen. 

Mr. Geo. Hamilton-Smith, of Northside, 
Leigh Woods, Bristol, in whose collection it 
has flowered, also sends a second photograph, 
showing a group of four healthy plants with 
a total of seven spikes, and the following 
interesting particulars :— 

“T acquired these plants, some twenty in 
number, from an importation received in 
1913. Of these, | have this summer flowered 
nine, some with two racemes. None of this 
importation shows any variation in shape, size 
or colouring ; the scapes of all are uniformly 
strong and vigorous. 

“This species is most treacherous to 
cultivate, notwithstanding that it appears to 
be a very vigorous grower when in perfect 
health. | have grown it for six years, but I 
cannot truthfully affirm that its cultivation and 
habit are at all perfectly understood. Often, 
a plant in apparently perfect health will, 
without the least reason, set up a softening 
and rot which will carry off a large bulb and 
leaf in two hours. In fact, a large plant of 
eight bulbs, which one day was in sound 
condition, has rotted completely through in 
less than 24 hours, and in spite of the greatest 
care possible. I am unable to even guess at 
the cause of the mischief; it is certainly not 
through any want of care in treatment. I[ 
believe I am correct in saying that nearly 
everyone who has essayed its cultivation has 
experienced much the same results, though I 
am glad to say that lately we appear to be 
getting less troubled than formerly. 

“This species is a warm-growing one, as 
would naturally be assumed, most of the 
plants I possess coming from Java, though in 
three which came from Sumatra there appears 
to be no difference in structure or habit.” 

C. Hutton was originally introduced from 


Java by Henry Hutton, at that time collecting 
for Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, in whose 
establishment it flowered in June, 1807. The 
yellowish flowers are densely spotted with 
purple-brown. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM ‘“FACISOLON.—Several 
examples of this hybrid are kindly sent by 
Mr. C. J. Lucas, of Warnham Court, Horsham, 
who produced it by crossing Fascinator 
(Adriane x crispum) and Solon (Adriane x 
ardentissimum). The flowers are of interest 
on account of their resemblance to some of 
the early-day blotched crispums, and_ they 
throw considerable light on the way in which 
these were produced. In one flower the 
reddish blotches are on a pure white ground, 
although the labellum still shows evidence 
of Hunnewellianum, derived through the 
Adriane parent. In another example there 1s 
a violet-rose tint suffused through the flower, 
which may be traced to the influence of 
Pescatorei, through the ardentissimum parent. 
In other cases the flowers are almost white, 
reversion having occurred in favour of the 
crispum species. 

CYPRIPEDIUM SINBAD.—An __ excellent 
result obtained in the Westonbirt collection, 
the parentage being Vandyck x G. F. Moore. 

CATTLEYA SULLA—On October 2ist, 
1913, this Westonbirt hybrid was exhibited at 
the Royal Horticultural Society as the 
result of crossing C. Mendeliu and L.-C. 
Antigone. Owing to a clerical error the 
latter parent should have been L.-C. Radium 
(C. Warscewiczu x L.-C. Antigone). 

ODONTIODA H. WorSsLEY.—A very 
promising and distinct flower, of which the 
parents are Od. crispum and Oda. Goodsonie. 
In the collection of Mr. H. Worsley, Sherfin, 
Baxenden. 

ODONTIODA SUNBEAM.—At the recent 
Chelsea Show a hybrid between Odm. 
Lambeauianum and Oda. Vuylstekez was 
exhibited by Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher as 
Oda. Sunbeam, and also by Messrs. Sander 
and Sons under the name Oda. Ypres. But 


224 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


as only one name can be upheld Messrs. 
Sander have obligingly decided to suppress 
the one under which their plant was shown. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA ROGER SANDER.—A 
pleasing result obtained by crossing L.-C. 
luminosa and C. Mossie, the raisers being 
Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

L4LIO-CATTLEYA APRICOSA.—A pleasing 
flower of soft apricot-yellow colour, raised by 
Messrs. Flory and Black, the parents being 
L.-C. Ophir (xanthina x aurea) and C. 
Schrédere. 

L#£LIO-CATTLEYA DOMALLIS.— The result 
of crossing L.-C. Dominiana (purpurata x 
aurea) and L.-C. Pallas (crispa x aurea), the 
labellum being entirely coloured with intense 
purple, making a striking contrast to the 
light rose sepals and petals. Raised by 
Messrs. Flory and Black. 


FLOWERS IN SEASON. 


L#LIO-CATTLEYA TEUCRA.—A fine 
example of this hybrid between C. Mossi 
and L.-C. Martinetti (Mossie x tenebrosa) 
comes from Mr. E. R. Ashton, Broadlands, 
Tunbridge Wells. Measuring some 7 inches 
across, it makes a most attractive point in a 
group of Cattleyas, the double influence of 
Mossia producing wide segments of a soft 
buff-rose tint, the labellum mottled with 
varying shades of crimson. It is another 
instance of how often a hybrid may be further 
improved by again making use of one of the 
parental species. 

ODONTOGLOsSUMS.—From Mr. C. J. 
Lucas, Warnham Court, Horsham, come two 
interesting hybrids. One is Od. Telemachus 
(excellens x harvengtense), in which the white 
flower is marked with reddish-brown; the 
other is Od. Fascination (Fascinator x Ossul- 
stonu), with chocolate spots and blotches on a 
white ground, the broad labellum having a 
spiny crest and a large central blotch. Both 
flowers show signs of Pescatorei, derived in 
the former through excellens, and in the latter 
through Ossulstonii. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM IRENE——A 
flower of this beautiful variety is sent by Mr. 
W. Gilden from the Aslands collection, 


[July, 1915. 


Newchurch, Manchester. When exhibited by 
Mr. Richd. Ashworth at the meeting of the 
Manchester Orchid Society, June 3rd, 1915, it 
obtained an Award of Merit. The thick 
white segments are very broad, while the 
labellum is unusually developed, reminding 
one of Wilckeanum, although there is no 
evidence of this in the other parts. Many of 
these superb white varieties are now rarer 
than the blotched forms, and when well 
grown, as the above flower appears to be, 
present most beautiful objects. 

CYPRIPEDIUM.—Flowers of a _ pleasing 
hybrid between Maudie and Chamber- 
lainianum are sent by Mr. Wm. Bolton, of 
Warrington, with a note that the batch of 
plants in his possession is in flower almost the 
whole year through; no sooner does one bloom 
fade than another takes its place; even the 
same spike continues to produce flowers for. 
several months. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM — CRISPO-HARRYANUM. 
-—Odontoglossum hybrids, once so difficult to 
raise, are now making their appearance in 
several collections, thus proving how practice 
makes perfect. Mr. H. Haddon, of Lynwood 
Gardens, Penarth, S. Wales, sends good 
examples of O. crispo-Harryanum, which he 
has raised in Mr. J. J. Neale’s collection. This 
hybrid, one of the earliest Odontoglossum 
crosses, has been the forerunner of many 
beautiful flowers, of which O. amabile is a 
great favourite with amateurs. From the 
same source comes a beautiful variety of 
Lelia grandiflora (L. majalis), with bright 
rose-pink colour. This Mexican species is 
not often seen in cultivation, probably on 
account of its shy-flowering nature, but when 
its successful cultivation can be achieved the 
owner 1s well repaid for his trouble. 

MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY.—At the 
annual meeting of the Society thanks were 
accorded to the following gentlemen for 
kindly subscribing to the cost of painting 
certificated Orchids :—The Rev. J. Cromble- 
holme, Messrs. RK. Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. 
Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, Dr. Hartley, 
A. J. Keeling, W. R. Lee, W. Shackleton, P. 
Smith, W. Thompson and Z. A. Ward. 


July, rors. Lae ORCHID: WORLD: 225 


Cattleya Queen of the Belgians. 
Sold by auction for £200 in aid of the Belgian Relief Fund. 


CATTLEYA QUEEN OF THE BELGIANS. 
Our illustration of this beautiful Cattleya 1s 
specially interesting as it represents the plant 
exhibited by Mr. Clement Moore at the 
International Flower Show of New York, and 
afterwards presented by him in aid of the 
Belgian Relief Fund, when at an auction sale 
it realised the large sum of 4200, the 
purchaser being a great lover of Orchids. Mr. 
Moore, the donor of the plant, describes it as 


ViOiES Vi, 


having the sepals and petals of French-white, 
Shaded with lavender, and with a sheen that 
makes it very attractive; the throat is yellow 
with a rose-magenta blotch. It is also 
remarkable on account of its thick texture and 
good shape. This variety appeared in an 
importation of C. Schrédere, but Mr. Moore 
remarks that it 1s in every way superior to any 
Schrodere that has previously flowered in his 
extensive collection. 


226 THE ORCHID WORLD, [July, rors. 


Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonii ‘“ The Globe.” 
Al beautiful hybrid in the collection of Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey. 


July, 1915-] THE ORCHID 


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becceoubeeies) HMM Yih SAME TiS tah 


WORLD. 


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Ashtead Park, Surrey, the residence of Pantia Ralli, Esq. 


ASHTEAD PARK, SURREY. 


’ HILE strolling round this extensive 
and exquisite estate, where graceful 
fallow deer graze beneath the 

veteran oaks and chestnuts, it is difficult to 
believe that only 17 miles separate it from 
the most important city of the world. When 
Mr. Pantia Ralli came into possession of 
Ashtead Park, some 25 years ago, the gardens 
contained a few stray Orchids, and this 1s all 
that can be said regarding the origin of this 
now famous assemblage of species and 
hybrids. Although in the early days no 
special interest was taken in this section of the 
gardens, the last ten years have shown 
an immense change, for now many of 
the principal glass-houses are stocked 
with a varied assortment of choice and 
beautiful Orchids, while smaller houses are 
devoted to the interesting work of raising 
seedlings. 

Besides being an enthusiastic lover of 
Orchids, Mr. Ralli takes a personal interest in 
his plants, while his widespread knowledge of 
the subject enables him to follow this 
fascinating hobby with the keenest pleasure. 
As a member of the Royal Horticultural 


Society’s Orchid Committee he is a regular 
attendant, where his excellent taste and sound 
judgment are of considerable value in the 
important and exacting duties which this 
Committee now has to perform. 

The Cattleyas were formerly cultivated in a 
large and high span-roofed house, a method 
which did not give satisfaction. At the present 
time excellent results are procured by placing 
the plants in smaller houses, where they can be 
kept well up to the ight and warmth of the sun. 
The varieties of C. labiata include several 
albinos as well as other distinct forms, the 
best being La Vierge, Bradshawie and Mrs. 
E. Ashworth, while C. Trianz is represented 
by the varieties Empress of India, Goliath, 
The Premier and Mrs. de B. Crawshay. 
Cattleya Mossiz embraces many distinct 
forms, of which the pure white Wageneri and 
Hardy’s variety of Reineckiana have recently 
been in flower. A large plant of C. Mossiz 
Arnoldiana is quite a picture with 9 large 
flowers, while C. Gaskelliana alba is also 
worthy of mention on account of its vigorous 
constitution. C. Lueddemanniana Stanleyi is 
represented by 5 strong plants, and C. 
O'Brieniana alba as well as richly coloured 
varieties of C. aurea are also to be seen. 


228 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


| July, 1915. 


Odontoglossum crispum Black Knight. 


In one house entirely devoted to seedlings 
there are many interesting hybrids, and 
amongst those which may be expected to 
yield excellent results are C. aurea x C. 
Mossie Wageneri, C. aurea x C. Schrodere 
alba, L.-C. George Woodhams x _ B.-C. 
Digbyano-Warneri, C. aurea x C. Maggie 
Raphael, C. Triane Empress of India x B.-C. 
Menda, and C. aurea x L.-C. bletchleyensis. 

Of the many hybrids that have reached 
maturity it is difficult to make a representative 
selection, but the following cannot escape 
notice :_—Cattleya Comet var. Princess Mary 
(aurea x Warneri alba), A.M., R.H.S., October 
22nd, 1912; C. Empress Frederick var. Avia 
Clifton, A.M., October 21st, 1913; Brasso- 
Cattleya Menda, F.C.C., February 18th, 1913 ; 
and Lelio-Cattleya Lady Oliphant, A.M., 
October 20th, 1914, the latter having golden- 
yellow sepals and petals and a rich crimson 
labellum. There is also a plant of the historic 
Cattleya Countess of Derby, C. Fabia alba, 
CC) Bord) Rothschildhs tances Ge eames 
Baroness (L.-C. Ophir x B.-C. Mrs. J. Lee- 
monn), a large yellow flower, with the labellum 
prettily frilled. 
Gouldiana, a 


The winter-flowering Leelia 
beautiful variety of L-C. 
Ganymede (C. Schrodere x L. Latona), with 
a spike of 5 flowers of sunset colours, a dark 
form of LC. Dominiana, and the yellow- 


flowering Cattleya Drapsiana primulina (Mrs. 
Pitt x aurea) are well worthy of inclusion in 
this collection. 

Among other hybrids of promise there are 
nice plants of Cattleya Lueddemanniana 
Stanleyi x aurea, C. Parthenia “ Prince of 
Wales,” B.-C. Mrs. J. Leemann x Sophronitis 
erandiflora, and C. O’Brieniana alba x S. 
grandiflora. Also C. Hardyana x B.-C. Mme. 
Chas. Maron, and C. Freya “Mrs. Fred. 
Sassoon” x aurea. Growing in the same 
temperature is Sophro-Cattleya Doris, a 
beautiful flower of scarlet-red colour. Cattleya 
Bowringiana finds a very suitable atmosphere 
in one of the warm houses—a moderate size 
plant is sending up no less than 10 strong 
erowths—while Low’s variety of this Central 
American species is to be seen in a vigorous 
specimen. 

In another house is a most interesting 
collection of Lycaste Skinneri, the varieties 
ranging from dark rose-purple to pure white ; 
also the Peruvian L. costata with large ivory- 
white flowers, and the rare L. Rossiana, allied 
to L. cruenta, and bearing yellow flowers. 
There is also a fine specimen of L. Ballize 
with numerous flowers. The flowering of 
three healthy little seedlings between Manil- 
laria Sanderiana and Lycaste Skinneri is 
awaited with keen interest. 


July, 1915. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 229 


Cymbidiums are always attractive, more 
especially so since the introduction of C. 
insigne, which has made quite a distinct break. 
Here there are vigorous plants of Pauwelsu, 
Alexander, Gottianum, and Schlegelu punc- 
tatum (insigne x Wiganianum), the latter a 
beautiful variety, to which an Award of Merit 
was given January 13th, 1914. A promising 
hybrid is C. grandiflorum x C. Wiganianum. 

Disa Luna and D. grandiflora grow with 
considerable freedom, and it is rarely that one 
comes across so healthy a batch of plants, one 
specimen of the former having 5 many- 
flowered spikes, while the latter are furnished 
with an abundance of foliage. In order to 
produce further stock of D. grandiflora, and 
also with the intention of strengthening its 
constitution, some flowers were fertilised last 
August, and so quickly does the seed of this 
species ripen and germinate that a number of 
healthy seedlings have already been pricked 
out into small pots. Cypripediums do not 
occupy much space in this collection, although 
a batch of insigne Sandere is worthy of note. 

Miltonias have never been more popular 
than at the present time, which is not to be 
wondered at when their great decorative value 
is considered. Even ordinary varieties of M. 
vexillaria are well worth growing, while those 
known as candida and Empress Augusta 
Victoria create a pleasing effect. Other noted 
Miltonias in this collection are Lambeauiana, 
vexillaria G. D. Owen and Charlesworthii, the 
latter represented by a very beautiful variety 
bearing the name Mrs. Ralli. The scarlet M. 
vexillaria is still little more than a dream, 
although in Miltonioda Harwoodii (M. vexil- 
laria x C. Noezliana) the first step in its 
production has been effected. A good 
example is here to be seen, and also in 
Odontonia brugensis (M. vexillaria x O. 
Edwardi), a richly coloured flower, and the 
first stage in the production of the purple M. 
vexillaria. 

A sunny position has been selected for a 
representative collection of Lelia anceps, the 
finest typical form being seen in Chamber- 
lainiana, while Schréderz is particularly good. 
L.-C. Frederick Boyle, an interesting hybrid 
between L. anceps and C. Triane, grows well 


under similar treatment. The stately Vanda 
tricolor and VY. suavis, each with numerous 
flowers, make a welcome addition, and ¢o also 
does the handsome Angrecum sesquipedale, 
of which there 1s a fine specimen well clothed 
with dark green leaves. The uncommon 
Angrecum Leonis, several distinct Stan- 
hopeas, the pretty Trichopilia crispa and the 
red-flowering Renanthera Imschootiana all 
add to the interest of this important collection. 
Mention may also be made of Platyclinis 
filiformis, one of the most charming of the 
small-flowering species, the long pendulous 
spikes of minute golden flowers causing it to 
be known as the Golden Chain Orchid. 
The Odontiodas comprise an important 
section of the cool-house Orchids, and make 
a most attractive sight when staged along 
with white crispums and a few yellow- 
flowering hybrids. The Ashtead Park 
collections contains a remarkable specimen of 
Odontioda Charlesworth, the bright scarlet- 
red O. Hemptinneana (C. Noezliana x O. 
eximium), good varieties of Bradshawie and 
Vuylstekez, the choice Seymoure, which has 
received an Award of Merit, O. Chantecleer 
(C. Noezlana x Oda. Cooksonie), which 
produces flowers of rich scarlet-red colour, and 
an excellent variety of O. Uterpe. Two 
large plants of Odontioda keighleyensis (C. 
Noezliana x O. cirrhosum), each obtained from 
a different trade grower, are of interest, as one 
is very free flowering while the other continues 
to make new bulbs, but rarely produces a 
spike. A hybrid of particular beauty is 
Oncidioda Cooksonie (C. Noezlana x On. 
macranthum), of which there are two specially 
fine varieties in this collection; they are 
known respectively as Ralli’s variety and 
Grenadier, and both have received Awards of 
Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society. 
The Ashtead Park collection is especially 
rich in yellow Odontoglossums, these being 
favourites with Mr. Pantia Ralli. Several 
beautiful varieties of crispum aureum, as well 
as crispum Primrose, may here be seen 
growing in company with a splendid batch of 
the best round-flowered type. The plants 
look a picture of good health, while the leaves 
have just that bronze tint which proves the 


230 THE ORCHID WORED.: 


[July, 1915. 


Odontoglossum Canary. 


correctness of the treatment they receive. 
Undoubtedly the finest of the yellow forms is 
to be seen in Odontoglossum Canary, a large 
flower of excellent shape and of bright canary- 
yellow colour. One of the largest and best 
shaped crispums is to be seen in Magnum 
Bonum, while other meritorious varieties are 
The Nyzam, Lindenu, A. J. Balfour and 
Raymond Crawshay. There are several 
distinct varieties of crispum xanthotes, some 
pleasing rosy forms, and a remarkable variety, 
known as Black Knight, in which the blotches 
are of dark chocolate colour. 
Odontoglossum  ashteadense produces 
flowers of a reddish colour, O. Bronze Dragon, 
as its name suggests, is of bronze-purple 
colour, while the variety of ardentissimum 
known as Doris is handsomely blotched with 
violet-purple on a white ground. O. Pesca- 
torei Virginia has bright purple spotting, while 
O. Elissa (Edwardii ~ illustrissimum) obtained 
an Award of Merit, R.H.S., April 15th, ro14, 
on account of its bright purple coloration. 


Ai beautiful flower of bright canary-yellow colour. 


Other 


Amethyst 


attractive 
(Lambeauianum x eximium), of 
Elaine 


Odontoglossums are 


excellent (cirrhosum =x 

Harryanum), with a graceful spike, and Eva 
j )s gs pike, 

There is a vigorous 


shape, 


(cirrhosum x Kegeljani). 
plant of O. Crawshayanum, which has received 
an Award of Merit, also O. Humeanum, a 
natural hybrid between Rossi and cordatum, 
and many others, all meritorious varieties, the 
result of careful selection when in flower. A 
curious QOdontoglossum is crispum Oakfield 
Sunrise, in which the markings on the petals 
resemble those on the labellum; it is an 
interesting example of irregular peloria. 
Seedling Odontoglossums must not be 
forgotten, for there are some _ promising 
crosses between crispum Mossiz and crispum 
Lucianu, also percultum and crispum Oakfield 
Sunrise, as well as Miltonia Warscewiczii and 
Odontioda Charlesworthi. With such fine 
examples of yellow varieties to work with it is 
not surprising to find a keen desire to produce 
hybrids of similar style. A start has already 


July, 1915] THE ORCHID WORLD. 231 


been made, evidence of which is to be seen 
in some healthy seedlings between Odonto- 
glossum Canary and O.  ardentissimum 
xanthotes, as well as O. Canary and O. 
crispum aureum. Odontoglossum Farnesi 
(Crawshayanum x Rolfez), the first to flower 
of the Odontoglossums raised in this collec- 
tion, has turned out quite a success. It 1s 
named in honour of Mr. Farnes, the able 
cultivator of the Orchids comprising this 
extensive collection. 

Calanthes are largely grown for decorative 
purposes, and include all the best species and 
hybrids. At the time of writing these notes 
the plants occupy a favourable position in the 
melon house, where they obtain just the 
requisite amount of heat and atmospheric 
moisture to encourage vigorous growth. 
When the bulbs are matured cooler treatment 
is given, and excellent spikes of bloom are 
obtained. 

Although these notes only concern the 
Orchids, there are many other attractions in 
this beautiful estate, foremost of which are the 
productive fruit houses, the extensive flower 
beds and the necessary vegetable garden, all 
of which reflect considerable credit to Mr. 
Hunt, who has occupied the position of head 
gardener for more than 25 years. 


Phalenopsis violacea. 


Miltonioda Harwoodii. 


MILTONIODA HaRwoopi.—In this 
bigeneric hybrid between Miltomia vexillaria 
and Cochlioda Noezlana a new. section of 
spring-flowering Orchids has been produced. 
It is one that will gain considerable favour 
on account of its reddish colour, and Miltonias 
are particularly attractive when well culti- 
vated. Cochlioda Noezliana has been of 
immense value in connection with Odonto- 
glossums, and it will doubtless prove itself 
equally useful when mated with Miltonias of 
the vexillaria and Reezlii section. Unfortu- 
nately, M. Harwoodu does not possess a 
robust constitution, which renders it somewhat 
difficult to cultivate, an adverse point which 
may be overcome to a very large extent in 
the next generation, when form and size will 
also be greatly improved by judicious matings 
with large-flowering varieties of M. vexillaria 
and its numerous hybrids. One day we shall 
see a combination of Odontoglossum, Miltonia 
and Cochhoda, with perhaps Oncidium 
included. 


is} 
ho 


THE ORCHID \WORLD. 


[July, 1915. 


Odontoglossum triumphans. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM 
TRIUMPHANS. 


O botanical description is needed to 
remind readers of the characteristics 
of O. triumphans, for there is hardly 

a collection in which it has not at some time 
or other been cultivated. There are, however, 
ceveral interesting features concerning this 
Colombian species that are worthy of a few 
remarks, for there is good evidence to show 
that yellow Odontoglossums are receiving 
considerable attention, and one of the 
principal means of procuring this yellow 
colour is by working with O. triumphans in 
conjunction with suitable mates. 

Going back to early days, before the advent 
of artificially raised Odontoglossums, we 
find records of high prices being paid for 
yellow-flowering varieties. The ongin and 
composition of these rarities was then little 
understood, although it was the opinion of a 
few experts that trumphans was in some way 
responsible for this much esteemed colour, a 
supposition which hybridists subsequently 
proved to be correct. The two important 
natural hybrids of triumphans are excellens 
and harvengtense, the former having Pesca- 


torei for its second parent, and the latter 
crispum. Records show that more than £100 
has been paid for examples of either of these 
yellow-flowering Odontoglossums. 

Many plants described and sold as yellow 
varieties of crispum were undoubtedly forms 
of harvengtense, or loochristiense as it was 
called in the early days. Possibly, varieties 
of excellens were also included as yellow 
crispums, although in this hybrid there is a 
wider difference on account of the pandurate 
shape of the Pescatorei labellum, as well as 
the inclination to produce a branching spike. 
Almost every amateur 1s acquainted with the 
fact that triumphans is occasionally found 
growing in proximity to both crispum and 
Pescatorei, with the result that hybrids are 
produced, these being none other than replicas 
of many of the so-called yellow crispums of 
If proof is wanted of the 
popularity enjoyed by harvengtense and 
excellens we have it in the Royal Horticul- 
tural Society’s List of Awards, where more 
than 30 varieties are enumerated. 

In a few examples the yellow ground colour 
of triumphans was the principal character 
inherited, the blotches being almost absent, 
and causing the owner to describe them as 


bygone days. 


loochristiense aureum and excellens aureum, 


July, r9ts.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 


These particular varieties were possibly 
further crosses with the white parent, a known 
example of which we have in hellemense 
(loochristiense x crispum). A noteworthy 
occurrence is the manner in which the yellow 
colour is lessened by the influence of the white 
parent ; one would expect it to gradually lose 
its intensity, but this is not so, only the central 
area of each segment becomes whiter, while 
the outer portion retains the yellow in a 
marked degree. 

Not content with Nature’s productions, the 
hybridist set about making superior varieties 
by crossing the best parents procurable. The 
adjoining illustration shows a_ remarkably 
fine variety of harvengtense (triumphans x 
crispum)—the loochristiense of early days— 
raised by Mr. de Barri Crawshay. The ground 
colour is primrose-yellow, while the markings 
are also characteristic of triumphans, especially 
the large blotch on the labellum. 

Although the varietal name aureum has 
been applied to varieties in which some of 
the characteristic blotching is absent, thus 
exposing a larger area of dull-yellow ground 
colour, there is quite another meaning to this 
descriptive term, and one which must always 
be remembered. It is to be found in 
triumphans aureum, a rare variety with the 
ground colour of honey-yellow on which 
deeper yellow blotches are superimposed. In 
the one form of aureum the blotching, without 
any change in itself, is merely reduced in 
area; in the other form the whole of the 
blotching remains, but is changed from the 
normal brown into a deep yellow tint, which 
appears indistinctly on the honey-yellow 
ground, and produces to all intents and 
purposes an albino or xanthic variety of the 
species. In 1914 Mr. F. Menteith Ogilvie 
flowered a xanthic variety of O. Jorisianum 
(triumphans x luteopurpureum), a most inter- 
esting result obtained by him through the use 
of yellow varieties of these two well-known 
species, and fully described in the ORCHID 
WORLD, Vol. IV., p. 199. 

Of the garden raised hybrids of triumphans 
probably Vuylstekei is the best known. The 
result of crossing harvengtense (crispum x 
triumphans) and Wilckeanum (crispum x 


Odontoglossum harvengtense Crawshayanum. 


luteopurpureum), it produces richly blotched 
flowers, the large percentage of crispum 


By adding 


ensuring fairly round shape. g 
Harryanum to Vuylstekei we obtain Vuyl- 
stekew, an improvement both in vigour and 
coloration. In Vulturia (Vuylstekexe x 
triumphans) we have a very handsome flower 
of chestnut-red colour, with bright golden- 
yellow tips to the segments, and of which an 
excellent example received a _ First-class 
Certificate, Orchid 
May 13th, 1915, when exhibited by Mr. Philip 
Smith, of Haddon House, Ashton-on-Mersey. 

Amongst the primary hybrids of triumphans 


Manchester Society, 


that have turned out successfully are Queen 
Alexandra (triumphans x Harryanum), the 
outstanding feature of which is the immense 
labellum with its bold blotching and _ rich 
coloration, and Leao (triumphans x Halli), in 
which the two yellow grounds have made a 
Quite a large 
number of hybrids have been recorded in 


brightly coloured flower. 


which triumphans, crispum, Pescatore1 and 
Harryanum are included in the parentage. Of 
these mention may be made of Wiganianum 
(Rolfez x harvengtense), Tristan (triumphans 
x crispo-Harryanum), Catherine (harveng- 
tense x eximium), Telemachus (excellens x 
harvengtense) and Queen of Gatton 
(triumphans x percultum), of which an 
illustration appears on page 158. 


234 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Concerning Odontiodas of the future it is 
rather difficult to say much, so great are the 
surprises likely to be. The trend of recent 
events, however, shows that there is a 
promising future for those of yellow ground. 
Enthusiasts of this welcome section of cool- 
house Orchids would place a very high value 
upon a golden-yellow flower symmetrically 
marked with red or scarlet blotches, and 
although this description may appear some- 
what startling, there is little doubt that the 
production of such a glorious flower is by no 
means impossible. 

Odontoglossum triumphans will probably 
prove the most suitable base upon which all 
such flowers can be produced, for in it we have 
a yellow ground, which could no doubt be 
considerably brightened, and a fairly regular 
system of blotching. Perhaps the greatest 
difficulty will be encountered in obtaining 
blotches of sufficient brilliancy, for the yellow 
ground upon which they would be placed 
invariably has a dulling effect. Evidence of 
this is to be seen in Wilckeanum, and other 
hybrids having a yellow ground, which 
causes the blotching to assume a brownish 
appearance. 

Among the most recently produced Odon- 
tiodas are a few with yellow-tinted ground. 
These appeared in Joan (Oda. Charlesworthi 
x Od. ardentissimum) and Madeline (Oda. 
Charlesworthu x Od. crispum), Oda. Charles- 
worthu being O. Harryanum x C. Neoezliana. 
In these the yellow is derived partly from 
Harryanum, which generally shows a creamy- 
white tint on the back of the flower, and more 
especially from the Cochlioda Noezliana, the 
inner and invisible part of which contains a 
considerable amount of yellow material. If 
some of these yellow-tinted varieties are mated 
with suitable hybrids containing triumphans 
there will surely be a fair number of distinct 
and beautiful flowers amongst the progeny. 
At the recent Chelsea Show a First-class 
Certificate was awarded to Oda. Colmaniz, a 
beautiful flower of golden-yellow colour, 
blotched with chestnut-red, and raised from 
Oda. Bradshawie and an Odontoglossum 
hybrid probably containing triumphans. It 
proved a welcome novelty. 


[July, 1915. 


Dendrobium crassinode. 


ey vy 
XY 4y 


MANCHESTER NoTES.—Mr. E. E. 
Davidson, of Twyford, Berks, has been 
elected a Vice-president of the Manchester 
Orchid Society. Mr. W. W. Field, who has 
recently commenced duties as Orchid grower 
to Mr. S. Gratrix, of Whalley Range, was 
previously in the employ of Mrs. Bateman, 
Manor House, Morley, and Mr. Robert Clay, 
of Northenden. The Manchester Orchid 
Society has exactly 100 Members. 


gy 


¥y ¥y y 
“YX RNA % 


Nee 


CIRRHOPETALUM ROBUSTUM.—An excel- 
lent specimen of this truly remarkable and 
very rare species was exhibited by Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Surrey, 


‘at the recent Chelsea Show. A native of New 


Guinea, from whence many good novelties 
have come, this plant was first discovered in 
1890, and flowered some three years later in 
the collection of Col. Trevor Clarke, of Welton 
Place, Daventry. On July 11th, 1895, it was 
exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Society 
by Messrs. Veitch, when it was awarded a 
First-class Certificate, a high honour indeed 
for a Cirrhopetalum. The chief points of 
interest are the robust nature of the plant, for 
it is certainly the largest species of the genus 
in cultivation, and the handsome flowers of 
greenish-yellow colour tinged with purplish- 
red in the centre; the fleshy lip is deep 
red-purple, and the column dull yellow. A 
curious feature is the entire absence of 
marginal hairs or appendages on the sepals 
and petals. For kind permission to reproduce 
the accompanying illustration we are indebted 
to the Editor of the Gardeners’ Chronicle. 


July, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 235 


Cirrhopetalum robustum, an elegant species from New Guinea. 


b 


236 THE -ORCHID WORLD: 


[July, 1915. 


Odontoglossum Lambeauianum “ Harry Goodson.” 


ODONTOGLOSSUMS AT PUTNEY. 


HE new additions to the Fairlawn 
ap collection have necessitated the use 
of a lean-to house, fully 100 feet in 

length, for the cultivation of Odontoglossums 
and other cool-house Orchids. Years ago it 
was barely possible to successfully cultivate 
Odontoglossums in localities subject to winter 
fogs, but experience has taught us much in 
the way of overcoming these difficulties, and 
no better example can be seen than Mr. H. S. 
Goodson’s collection at West Hill, Putney, 
where a truly remarkable lot of plants are 
growing within five miles of Charing Cross. 
Among the hybrid Odontoglossums that 
have recently been in flower are ardentissimum 
“Herbert Goodson,” a flower of excellent 
shape, the stock of which now consists of six 
strong plants; a strong plant of Wilckeanum, 
with a spike of 15 large flowers; the yellow 
hellemense ; a very pretty and distinct variety 
of Wiganianum; the rare Goodsonu (Uro- 
Skinner1 x Pescatorei), which obtained a 


First-class Certificate; Queen Alexandra 
(triumphans x Harryanum) ; the distinct Ceres 
(Rossii x Rolfe), and George Day (Rossu x 
crispum). The accompanying illustration 1s 
of Lambeauianum “Harry Goodson,” a 
beautiful and distinct variety obtained by 
crossing Rolfeze (Harryanum x Pescatore1) 
and crispum ; it is therefore composed of the 
three species that have proved most useful in 
the making of hybrid Odontoglossums. 

Several thousand good plants of O. crispum 
are also cultivated, and amongst the large 
number in bloom are many with a dozen 
flowers on a spike, which proves that there is 
little amiss with the practical part. Mr. Geo. 
Day certainly achieves considerable success 
in cultivating so many plants within a few 
miles of Charing Cross. Mention may also 
be made of nine vigorous plants of the rare 
Oncidium Leopoldianum, a Peruvian species 
collected by Mr. Kromer, and sent home alcn = 
with Anguloa uniflora and Cattleya Rex. 
Odontiodas are well represented, and include 
several very special varieties. 


July, rors. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 237 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


ComPETITIONS FOR 1915-16. 


J. J. Botton’s GoLD MEDAL.—To be 
awarded to the amateur who gains the highest 
number of points for Cypripediums during 
the session. A Silver-gilt Medal will be given 
as a Second Prize. A prize of One Guinea 
(in each case) will be given to the gardener 
of the winners. 

ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY’s GOLD MEDAL. 
—To be awarded to the amateur who gains 
the highest number of points for Odontiodas, 
Oncidiodas, and Miltonias, of the vexillaria 
and Roezli section. 

CHARLESWORTH’S OBJET D’ART.—To be 
awarded to the amateur who gains the most 
points during the session for New Awards, 
i.¢, plants that have not been previously 
certificated by the Society. A Prize of One 
Guinea will be presented to the gardener of 
the winner. 

CYPHER’s GOLD MEDAL.—To be awarded 
to the amateur who gains the most points 
during the session for groups, extra points 
being awarded for general excellence and 
arrangement. A prize of One Guinea will be 
awarded to the gardener of the winner. 

A. HANMER’S SILVER CupPp.—To_ be 
awarded to the amateur who gains the highest 
number of points during the session for 
groups and individual plants. A prize of Two 
Guineas will be given to the gardener of the 
winner. 

ME > EASSALL “SitLvER. Cup—To be 
awarded to the amateur who gains the highest 
number of points for Cattleyas, Lzeelias, 
Brasso-Cattleyas and  Lelias, Sophro- 
Cattleyas and Leelias, during the session. 
Any plant with Cattleya or Lelia as a parent 
will be eligible in this competition. Two 
Guineas will be given to the gardener of the 
winner. 

OAKSHOTT’S PRIZES——A first prize of 
Three Guineas, second prize of Two Guineas, 
and third prize of One Guinea to the gardener 
gaining the most points in Cultural Certificates 
during the session. 

P. SMITH’S PRIZES.—A first prize of Three 
Guineas, second prize of Two Guineas, third 


prize of One Guinea to the gardener 
exhibiting the greatest number of groups 
during the session. 

Z. A. Warpb’s SILVER TROPHY.—For 
Odontoglossums, to include species, varieties 
and hybrids. A prize of Two Guineas will 
be awarded to the gardener of the winner. 

SOCIETY’S PRIZES.—The Society offers a 
Gold Medal, Silver-gilt Medal and_ Silver 
Medal for the amateur who (not engaged in 
other competitions) gains respectively the 
highest, second highest and third highest 
number of points from June “3rd, 1915, to 
April 27th, 1916. Similar awards, under 
similar conditions, will be made to amateurs 
who grow Orchids without the aid of a 
gardener, a minimum of 50 points to qualify 
for the Gold Medal. The usual Medals will 
be awarded for occasional groups where not 
engaged in other competitions. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOGIE TY. 


June 8th, 191s. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (Gn the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney 
Wilson, F. Sander, W. Bolton, R. G. Thwaites, 
F’. Menteith Ogilvie, J. Charlesworth, Stuart 
Low, Pantia Rall, W. Cobb, T. Armstrong, 
J. Cypher, H. G. Alexander, W. P. Bound, R. 
Rolfe, A. Dye and C. H. Curtis. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cypripedium Curtisii Sandere, from 
Messrs. Sander and Sons.—An elegant and 
most interesting albino variety of the species, 
and making a companion to insigne Sandere 
and callosum Sandere. The large flower is 
entirely of light green colour slightly tinged 
with yellow, and is in every way a most 
welcome addition to the genus. It appeared 
in a consignment of C. Curtisii imported some 
three years ago. 

Odontoglossum Princess Mary, from J. 
Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury. 
—A very fine hybrid of unrecorded parentage, 


238 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


carrying a spike of 17 large flowers of excel- 
lent shape and with reddish blotches on all 
the segments. This plant was exhibited at 
the Chelsea Show, when by a_ misunder- 
standing it received an Award of Merit. 

Odontoglossum Menier var. St. Vincent 
(gandavense x amabile), from J. Gurney 
Fowler, Esq.—A beautiful flower in which the 
ground colour is rose, while the inner parts of 
the segments are heavily blotched with 
reddish-purple. 


AWARD OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum crispum Perfect Gem, from 
Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone. 
——The spike carried numerous flowers of 
excellent shape, the segments blotched with 
light purple. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
Surrey, exhibited Odontoglossum  crispum 
Queen of Gatton, a handsome variety with a 
spike of eight flowers; O. eximium, richly 
blotched; and an unnamed Odontoglossum 
of bright purple colour. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., received a Silver 
Flora Medal for a group of choice plants, 
among them being several elegant varieties of 
C. Mossi, that known as Sea Foam being 
very beautiful, the thick white sepals and 
petals of good shape, the wide labellum 
having slight purple veining; C. M. Venice, 
very dark, and C. M. Victoria -(AcM; 
June 13th, 1899). Odontoglossum crispum 
Sea Gull, a magnificent variety of thick 
texture, and the rare Eulophiella Peetersiana 
were also shown. 

Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, 
Stone, received a Silver Flora Medal for a 
group of splendidly grown Odontoglossums 
and Odontiodas, nearly every one being a 
specimen plant raised in the collection. Od. 
Sceptrum aureum and an Odontoglossum 
hybrid of distinct bluish tinge were note- 
worthy plants. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham Hill, 
exhibited a group of 16 plants of Cattleya 
Mossiea Wageneri, raised in his collection. 


[July, 1915. 


Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
obtained a Silver Flora Medal for an inter- 
esting group, in which L.-C. Fascinator var. 
Sylph, the new L.-C. Roger Sander and 
Cattleya R. Prowe were very attractive. 
Coryanthes macrantha, with its remarkably 
constructed flower, and numerous species of 
botanical interest were also included. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, secured a Silver Flora Medal for a 
small group of choice plants, including the 
handsome Miltonia Charlesworthii, the pretty 
M. vexillaria Lyoth, a well-flowered plant of 
Masdevallia Courtauldiana, a handsome 
variety of L.-C. Fascinator and several good 
Odontoglossums. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
secured a Silver Flora Medal for a neat group 
in which were many interesting species and 
hybrids. Mention may be made of Masde- 
vallia Bocking hybrid, the curious Bulbo- 
phyllum barbigerum, L.-C. Lycidas, with a 
spike of nine rose-pink flowers and several 
promising Odontoglossum hybrids. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
exhibit containing the beautiful L.-C. Helius, 
fine examples of Cattleya Mossiz, Odontiodas 
Charlesworthi, Lutetia and Lambeauiana, a 
choice variety of Od. crispum and Miltonia 
vexillaria. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
exhibit of excellent varieties of Cattleya 
Mossiz and Mendelu, the sweetly-scented 
Epidendrum ionosmum, the rare Vanda 
Parishu, Chysis Sedeniu, with numerous 
flowers, the bright Oncidium Gardneri, and 
Cattleya Mendelii var. Princess Mary, a 
charming flower. 

Messrs. Flory and_ Black, Slough, 
exhibited Cattleya Mossiz Wageneri, with 
fine upstanding petals and the labellum 
distinctly marked with yellow ; the new L.-C. 
Domallas and L.-C. Apricosa, as well as 
good varieties of Disa Luna and a fine form 
of Cattleya Dusseldorfei Undine. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
exhibit contaming the elegant Dendrobium 


July, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 239 


acuminatum, a distinct variety of Cattleya 
Mossize Wageneri, C. M. vestalis, with a 
brightly-coloured lip, and several good 
Odontoglossum hybrids. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney, 
showed two varieties of Odontioda Joan, one 
with a spike of 14 richly-coloured flowers, and 
Odontoglossum crispum Ernestu. 

E. R. Ashton, Esq., Broadlands, Tunbridge 
Wells, exhibited Miltonia Charlesworthu, a 
well-cultivated plant with four spikes of large 
flowers. 


June 22nd, 1915. 


MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sin )Glarsy J. Veitch-(n the “chair), “Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Messrs. J. Gurney 
Fowler, Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney 
Wilson, Pantia Rall, T. Armstrong, R. A. 
Rolfe, W. Cobb, F. Menteith Ogilvie, 
J. Charlesworth, W. H. Hatcher, A. Dye, 
S. W. Flory, W Bolton, R. Brooman-White, 
C. J. Lucas and J. Wilson Potter. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontioda Red Cross (Oda. Cooksonie x 
Odm. ardentissimum), from J. Gurney Fowler, 
Esq., Pembury. A very pleasing hybrid, 
with an erect spike of reddish flowers, the 
petals very round, the lip light rose, marked 
with scarlet. 

Lelio-Cattleya Canhamiana “ Fowler's 
var.” (L. purpurata x C. Mossi), from J. 
Gurney Fowler, Esq. <A grand variety, with 
the labellum well developed and of rich 
purple colour. This hybrid was originally 
raised thirty years ago, and the present 
example shows that improvement is. still 
possible when carefully selected parents are 
used. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, 
Stone, was awarded a Silver Banksian Medal 
for a group of well-grown Odontoglossums 
including crispum Palatine, of excellent 


shape; Red Monarch, white ground heavily 
blotched with reddish-purple ; Lorraine, with 
red blotches; Souchez, of rich coloration ; 
and Dorothy Arkle, a fine example with a 
many-flowered spike. The elegant Dendro- 
bium Schiitze1 was also shown in fine 
condition, the large white flowers having a 
greenish blotch at the base of the lip. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Bush Hill 
Park, were awarded a Silver Banksian 
Medal for an interesting group containing 
Saccolabium Blumei, the curious Seleni- 
pedium  caudatum, 
Renanthera  Imschootiana, with 
splendidly grown spikes of red _ flowers, 
Oncidium pulvinatum, and Cattleya Whitei, 
of rich rose-purple coloration. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
Surrey, exhibited Cattleya Mendelu “ Lady 
Colman,” a pure white flower with light 
lavender colour on the lip; the new 
Epidendrum  fragrocarpum (fragrans = x 
prismatocarpum), with erect spikes of 
greenish-yellow flowers; L.-C. Canhamiana 
alba; Odontioda Margaret (Bradshawie x 
ardentissimum) ; and several attractive 
varieties of Odontioda Papilio, the best 
having scarlet-red blotches and a prominent 
yellow crest on the labellum. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., showed Odonto- 
glossum Ceres, with a spike of three whitish 
flowers, the petals heavily spotted with red ; 
Cattleya Mossiz Wageneri, of good shape ; 
C. Mendeliu albens, of light rose tint with 
whitish lip; and Brasso-Cattleya Princess 
Elizabeth, a very large flower of rosy-mauve 
colour. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esq. Chessington, 
Streatham Hill, exhibited a_ selection of 
Cattleya Mossiz Wageneri, raised true from 
seed; various examples of Leelio-Cattleya 
Cowanu, and L.-C. Canhamiana “Lady 
Wigan,” with two spikes, one of which 
showed an unusual amount of rose-purple 
suffusion in all the segments. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, ex- 
hibited Lzelio-Cattleya Gottoiana Imperator, 
a vigorous plant with a spike of five large 
flowers, the broad petals and other segments 
suffused with rose. 


Phalanopsis amabilis, 


several 


240 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


May 13th, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. J. C. 
Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, Dr. 
Hartley, J. Howes, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, 
F. K. Sander, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, G. 
Weatherby and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Silver Medals were granted to R. Ashworth, 
Esq., Newchurch, and Wm. Thompson, Esq., 
Walton Grange. Other exhibitors included 
Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn; O. O. 
Wrigley, Esq., Bury; A. J. Oakshott, Esq., 
Bidston; Hy. Bell, Esq., Garstang; Messrs. 
A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford; and Mr. 
W. Shackleton, Bradford. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum Vulturia (Vuylstekee x 
triumphans), of good shape, golden-yellow, 
heavily blotched with chestnut-red, from P. 
Smith, Esq. 

Odontoglossum  polyxanthum “ Walton 
Grange var.” and O. Hermione, from W. 
Thompson, Esq. 

Lelo-Cattleya Fascinator-Mossie — var. 
Imogene and Odontoglossum Capt. Turner, 
from Col. J. Rutherford, M.P. 

Miltonia Princess Victoria “ 
from Henry Bell, Esq. 


Garstang var.,” 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 


To Mr. Findlow, gr. to A. J. Oakshott, Esq., 
for a plant of Odontioda Bradshawie, with a 
spike of 78 fully expanded flowers. 


June 3rd, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: R. 
Ashworth, Esq. Gin the chair), Messrs. J. C. 
Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. 
Hanmer, A. R. Handley,» Dr Hartley... 
Lupton, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, S. Swift, 
H. Thorp and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, and Col. J. 
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn. Silver Medals 


[July, 1915. 


to Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
and Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans; 
and a Special Vote of Thanks to O. O. 
Wrigley, Esq., Bury. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cattleya Mossize Wageneri “ Ashlands 
var.” and Miltonia Hyeana “ Ashlands var.,” 
both from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Mossiez alba “Mrs. R. le Doux,” 
from Mrs. R. le Doux. 

Cattleya Warneri alba “A. C. Madoux,” 
from Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 
Odontoglossum illustrissimum “ Scipio,” 
Cattleya Mendelu “King Albert,” L.-C. 
Fascinator “ Mermaid,’ and L.-C. Cowanu 
“ Ashlands var.,” all from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Mossiz Reineckiana “ Marlfield 
var.” and C.-M. “ Magali Sander,” from Mrs. 
R. le Doux. 

Cattleya Mendelu “ Fascination” and S.-C. 
Thwaitesu “Jarvis Brook var.,” both from 
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. 

Manillaria Sanderiana, from Messrs. A. J. 
Keeling and Sons. 

Odontoglossum crispum Irene, from Mr. W. 
Shackleton. 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 


To Mr. W. W. Field, gr. to S, Gratrax, 
Esq. for a fine example of Dendrobium 
thrysiflorum. 


HOLLAND HousE SHOW.—This Exhibition 
will be held July 6th, 7th and 8th, 1915. 
Group judging commences at 10 a.m., the 
Orchid Committee will meet at 10.30 a.m., 
the Show opens at 12 noon, and at 1 p.m. the 
Council will entertain the Committees and 
other invited Guests at Luncheon. The 
Coronation Challenge Cup will be awarded 
by the Council to what in their opinion is 
the most meritorious exhibit in the Show 
(excluding the winners of either of the two 
previous years). 


QTY kD) 
48 EGAO HOR 


ORCHID WORLD 


AOGUST, 1915. 


NOLES. 


INHERITANCE OF IRREGULAR PELORIA.— 
Mr. Wm. Bolton, of Warrington, sends an 
interesting flower of a Cypripedium hybrid 
between insigne Oddity and Watsonianum 
(concolor x Harrisianum). The former parent 
is a well-known example of irregular peloria ; 
in other words, the lateral petals are always 
produced in the form of two additional lips, 
thus making three in all. In the above- 
mentioned hybrid this singularity is inherited 
in almost similar style, the only apparent 
difference being a wider space between the 
lips, or pouches, as they are sometimes called; 
in insigne Oddity the lateral lips clasp the 
median one. It would be of interest to know 
how many other seedlings from this pod 
exhibit the same peculiarity. 


wy @Y 8 


STANHOPEA’ TIGRINA—This Mexican 
species, one of the best of a most remarkable 
genus, produces large fleshy flowers, often 
measuring 8 inches across, of yellowish colour, 
the sepals longitudinally barred and blotched 
with sanguineous purple, the petals dark vinous 
red, except the apical area which is light 
yellow. The months of July and August 
usually see it at its best, and the extraordinary 
manner in which the flowers are produced in 
pendulous fashion from the base of the plant 
rarely fails to attract attention. Although 
Stanhopeas are not cultivated as much as they 
formerly were, or, indeed, as frequently as 
they deserve, now and again a good example 
is to be found growing in all its splendour. 
It has recently been our pleasure to see a 
vigorous specimen in the well-known collec- 


tiougot Col. Stephenson R. Clarke, C.B., 


VOL. V. 


Borde Hill, Cuckfield, where, suspended from 
the roof of an intermediate house, it allows its 
wonderfully constructed and_ richly-coloured 
flowers to be viewed in perfection. 


uy uy uy 


ANGRAECUM ARMENIACUM.—For about 
twelve years Mr. Jas. Hudson, V.M.H., has 
been taking care of an inconspicuous Orchid, 
which was sent to the Royal Horticultural 
Society at a time when they were vacating 
the Chiswick garden. It has now flowered 
and proves to be Angraecum armeniacum, 
originally described by Lindley in 1839 from 
a plant obtained by Messrs. Loddiges from 
Sierra Leone. The flowers are of a uniform 
apricot colour and closely arranged in 
horizontal lateral spikes. The spur is twice 
as long as the calyx, compressed at the base, 
and then inflated a little so as to appear 
clavate. Mr. Hudson has now despatched the 
plant to Wisley, where it will be included in 
the Society’s present collection of Orchids. 


“y vy “vy 
Ra “Y RNA 


C@LOGYNE ASPERATA.—M. Joseph Ginot, 
St. Etienne, France, sends a many-flowered 
spike of this elegant species, a native of 
Borneo and Sumatra, where it grows at an 
elevation of 1,500 to 2,000 feet. A remarkable 
fact in connection with this plant is that it is 
to be found growing in the volcanic sand near 
the town of Fort-de-Cock, Sumatra. The 
large flowers are pale creamy-yellow, the 
median lobe of the labellum having a rough 
surface, from which the specific name 1s 
derived, while the side lobes are lined with 
brown on their inner portion. An illustration 


Shu! 


242 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


will be found in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. L, 
p. 220. Ccelogyne burfordiensis (asperata x 
pandurata) is figured in Vol. IV., p. 197. 


Moscow ORCHID SOcIETY—We hear 
from Dr. J. Troyanowsky that the Moscow 
Orchid Society, of which he is the worthy 
president, continues to hold its meetings and 
to sustain a keen interest among its members, 
who are ever ready to exhibit their special 
plants and discuss Orchid matters. 


Ww GY 


CYPRIPEDIUM C©NANTHUM GINOTI.—This 
beautiful albino hybrid, the result of crossing 
Harrisianum albens and insigne Sanderianum, 
has been raised by M. Jos. Ginot, St. Etienne, 
France, who kindly sends a flower for our 
inspection. In colour it is yellowish-green, 
the petals obscurely lined with lght green, 
while the dorsal sepal has the basal half 
distinctly veined with emerald-green, and the 
upper portion pure white. The tufts of hairs 
on the base of the petals and those around 
the column are entirely devoid of colour. 
Even insigne Sanderianum has had its effect, 
for there are no small spots of colour on the 
central part of the flower, as is usual when 
insigne Sandere is used. WHarrisianum is a 
cross between barbatum and villosum, but 
there appears some uncertainty as to the 
origin of the albino variety. Some twenty 
years ago a light greenish variety, which 
appeared in more than one collection, was 
recorded as Harrisianum virescens, and in later 
years the variety albens was often met with ; 
in both cases all trace of the purple-brown 
colour had disappeared. In 1899, Mr. R. H. 
Measures, of Streatham, published a list of all 
his Cypripediums, in which mention is made 
of 41 varieties of Harrisianum, these including 
both albens and virescens, as well as The 
Albino, the latter stated to have been named 
by the late Sir Trevor Lawrence. M. Ginot 
states that he fertilised the Harrisianum 
albens on November 7th, 1908, and in 
addition to insigne Sanderianum used the 


[|August, 1915. 


pollen of insigne Godsefhanum (an albino 
form). The first seedling flowered in 
December, 1913. Those produced by the 
use of the variety Godsefhanum are entirely 
different, having longer stalks and being of a 
more yellowish-green. M. Ginot also informs 
us that last year he flowered Cyp. Krishna var. 
Ginoti, an albino variety: raised by him 
through the use of a distinct form of tonsum 
and insigne Sanderianum. 


w~ Y #8 


No STAGING.—As several paragraphs on 
the subject of staging have appeared in 
recent issues it may not be inappropriate to 
insert an additional one under the title No 
Staging. When the writer, some years ago, 
visited the immense nursery of Messrs. T. 
Rochford, of Broxbourne, he was in no small 
measure surprised to find a large span-roof 
house filled with a multitude of Cattleyas, 
everyone suspended from the roof, which, 
needless to say, was strongly constructed. 
This method allowed each plant to receive its 
full share of light, and to be thoroughly well 
ripened at the conclusion of the growing 
season. The cultivator walked beneath his 
plants, and not in between them as _ is 
generally the case, consequently the whole of 
the roof area was available ; there was no loss 
of space occasioned by pathways. Ingenious 
as this principle appears, it had certain 
drawbacks of a detrimental character, for 
there was the heavy work entailed in watering, 
as well as the difficulty experienced in 
periodically examining the new growths. 
This house reminded one of a huge vinery, 
though choice flowers took the place of luscious 
grapes. I understand that Messrs. Stuart 
Low and Co., of Jarvisbrook, achieve much 
success with their Dendrobiums, which are 
suspended from the roof in a house where no 
staging is used. This seems to me quite a 
reasonable method, for when long bulbed 
plants are cultivated in the small pans so 
necessary to ensure healthy growths it is 
almost impossible to arrange them with any 
degree of security on the ordinary staging ; 
more especially will this be experienced when 
the plants are in flower and considerably 


August, 1915. | 


top-heavy. While I in no way wish to 
advocate the entire removal of staging, there 
are rare occasions when its use cannot be 
recommended.—T. W. 


Odontioda Chantecleer, Orchidhurst var. 


ODONTIODA CHANTECLEER. 


The appearance of the first Odontioda 
evoked considerable speculation as to the 
amount of variation that would arise through 
the use of Cochlioda Noezlana. The number 
of Odontiodas, both in kind and quantity, has 
exceeded all expectations, and notwith- 
standing the many already recorded there 
appears to be an endless array awaiting their 
turn to sustain the continuous flow of 
novelties in this attractive section. Our 
illustration shows the Orchidhurst variety 
of O. Chantecleer (Odm. Cooksonie x C. 
Noezliana), which received a_ First-class 
Certificate when exhibited by Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown at the Chelsea Show, 
1913. The block is reproduced from the 
R.A.S. Journal. 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 243 


Pescatorei 


crispum 


| 


ardentissimum C. Noezliana 


| 
Cooksonize 

Odm. ardentissimum 1s generally considered 
of superior merit to either crispum or 
Pescatorei, its two parents, the chief point 
being an improvement in the shape of the 
segments, consequently when Oda. Cookson 
appeared with its broad petals expectations 
were realised without much astonishment. 

So far, two species of Odontoglossum and 
one of Cochlioda had been used with excellent 
results. The next step of the hybridist was 
to produce improved varieties, or, in other 
words, to so blend these three species in a 
manner that would yield flowers of either 
richer colour or of larger size. 

By the above plan it will be seen that 
Cooksoniz can be mated with either crispum, 
Pescatorei, ardentissimum, or C. Neoezliana. 
The first has been named Vivienne (Odm. 
crispum x Oda. Cooksonia), the last is 
recorded as Chantecleer (C. Noezliana x Odm. 
Cooksonie), while Oda. Red Cross (Odm. 
ardentissimum ~ Oda. Cookson) was 
exhibited by Mr. J. Gurney Fowler at the 
R.H.S., June 22nd, 1915, when it obtained an 
Award of Merit. 


Odontioda Cooksonie, Fowler's variety. 


244 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


{[August, 1915. 


Odontoglossum Georgius Rex. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM GEORGIUS REX.—This 
remarkable Odontoglossum hybrid, unfortu- 
nately of unknown parentage, was originally 
exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. 
at the Chelsea Show, 1913, when it received 
an Award of Merit. Since then the plant has 
considerably increased in size, the largest bulb 
measuring 04 inches in circumference, while 
the broadest leaf is 34 inches in width. The 
elegant branching spike carried no less than 
28 flowers, each about 44 inches across, the 
rich claret-purple blotching showing effec- 
tively on the whitish ground. When exhibited 
by the present owner, Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, 
at the recent Holland House Show, it received 
a First-class Certificate and a Lindley Medal 
for culture. 


2 
Kee 
AS 
2 


ERIA PANNEA.—This singular species was 
included in the Gold Medal group staged by 


Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., at the recent 
Holland House Show. Originally imported 
from Singapore by Messrs. Loddiges as far 
back as 1840 it was described by Lindley two 
years later. The outer surfaces of the sepals 
and petals are covered with white wool, 
giving it the appearance of a cloth-like 
garment, from which the specific name 1s 
derived ; the inner surfaces, which are smooth, 
are of different shades of golden-brown; the 
lip is dark brown, the edges being paler; the 
column is green, and the foot tinged with 
orange. 


¥ 
% 


Ke 


y 


ww 


ANGULOA ROLFEI—The appearance of 
this natural hybrid between Ruckeri and 
Cliftoni is not unexpected, for in a consign- 
ment of Anguloas collected by Mr. Kromer 
and sent home as Ruckeri a plant of Cliftoni 
appeared, thus proving their existence in the 
same locality. 


August, 1915. 


VOL. V 


THE 


ORCHID 


WORLD, 


Phalenopsis Schilleriana in the establishment of Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. 


LoS) 


to 


LS) 


umn 


August, 1915. 


[J 


D 


WORL 


CHID 


OR 


4 


Wish 


246 


‘asiyspouDT ‘Aung ‘DFT aspiag “bs ‘Aa7s1144 “CQ ‘CQ f0 u0}}92]/09 ay} Ul Sulsamoy 4aUuUlYS ajsvoAT 


August, 1915. | THE, ORCHID 


ANEW LIST OF ORCHID 
HYBRIDS. 


UROPEAN affairs have of late caused 
many an atlas or map to be consulted 
in order to find some name made 

famous by an episode of war. Low often are 
we all in error when attempting to pronounce 
the names of various places on the eastern 
side of this great conflict. Not unfrequently 
it is— 

“\ name which you all know by sight very well, 

But which no one can speak and no one can 

spell.” 

Fortunately, the majority of names applied to 
Orchids are not very difficult to pronounce ; 
the word Przemysl has not as yet been 
attached to any special production of the 
hybridist, and we sincerely trust that names 
of easier spelling may be used instead, for 
“Thrice happy he whose name has been well 
spelt.” 

The need of a reliable reference book to 
the names and parentages of Orchid hybrids 
has long been felt, for the various bigeneric 
crosses and the multiplicity of names are a 
source of continuous perplexity and annoyance 
to almost every amateur. On this account we 
have pleasure in announcing that Messrs. 
Sander and Sons have published an entirely 
new issue of their “ List of Hybrid Orchids,” 
containing the names and parentages of all 
the known hybrid Orchids whether intro- 
duced or artificially raised. 

This important and indispensable work 
consists of two sections: the first, termed 
Table L., gives, in the first column, the names 
of all the hybrids in alphabetical order; in 
the second, their parentage or synonyms ; and 
in the third column, the names of the raisers 
of all recent productions. Table LI. records 
the parents, whether species or hybrids, 
alphabetically arranged, of all the hybrids in 
Table L., each parent thus occurring twice. At 
a glance, therefore, can be ascertained the 
name of any known hybrid from any parent. 
This is of the utmost importance in a book of 
reference, which should be so compiled that 
what is sought for may be easily and quickly 


WORLD. 24 


“I 


found, thus saving valuable time and much 
annoyance. 

For botanical purposes a strictly scientific 
nomenclature is no doubt advisable, and 
certain international rules have been adopted 
at various quinquennial congresses; but in the 
majority of gardens there is no desire to 
depart from the practice of keeping plants 
under their popular and commercial names. 
Consequently, Messrs. Sander and Sons, in 
publishing a work intended solely for the use 
of practical growers, have wisely maintained 
the names under which certain hybrids are 
universally known. For example, the hybrid 
between L. tenebrosa and C. aurea is recorded 
under the well-known name luminosa, instead 
of the unrecognised Truffautiana; Odonto- 
glossum crispum x Pescatore1 appears under 
the name ardentissimum, in place of the little 
used armainvillierense; and the hybrid 
between C. Mossiz and gigas is recorded as 
Enid, and not under the earlier name Adonis. 
In order to make the work as complete as 
possible all these early and_ little-known 
names are included as synonyms, in each case 
with a reference to the names under which 
their parentage 1s given. 

When the name of a plant has been 
established for some considerable time, as, 
indeed, have luminosa, ardentissimum and 
Enid, nothing appears to be gained by raking 
up a slightly earlier record of the same cross 
under a different name, especially when that 
name has never received general adoption. 
The late Dr. M. T. Masters, when referring to 
this subject some years ago at a meeting of 
the Royal Horticultural Society’s Scientific 
Committee, remarked: “ Another of the many 
difficulties is that arising from the changes 
which botanists, with good or bad reason, 
make. Ought these changes to be followed 
by gardeners or should they ignore them? 
When followed partially endless confusion 
arises, as it is not practicable, so far as we can 
see, to enforce universal compliance, and so 
the same plant in one garden bears one name, 
while in another it is called something else. 
Should gardeners attempt to follow the 
changes in botanical science or the fluctua- 
tions of individual opinion they might be 


248 LE ORCEMD 


altering their names every month in the year. 
For purely commercial purposes, — then, 
garden names once established should not be 
suddenly altered.” 

An additional point of interest is the means 
by which various varieties of the same hybrid 
have been produced. Turning to Cypripedium 
Helen II. we find the parentage given as 
bellatulum x insigne, while in the Westonbirt 
variety of the same insigne Harefield Hall was 
used, and in the Oakwood variety insigne 
Sandere. All these details cannot fail to be 
of utility to amateurs who desire to raise any 
particular cross in their own collection. Some 
idea of the extent to which hybridisation has 
been carried may be obtained from a work of 
this kind. Cattleyas number more than 400, 
Lelio-Cattleyas over 900, Odontoglossums 
about 500, and Cypripediums over 2,000. 

That such a book of reference is devoted 
to the work accomplished by the hybridist in 
one single family of plants shows the 
enormous amount of time and energy that 
has been devoted to the subject. What would 
the pioneers of half a century ago have 
thought of such results? The whole Orchid 
world has been revolutionised and astounding 
results have been obtained. Hybrids that 
were considered specially valuable in the 
eighty’s and ninety’s, and which would now 
be unworthy of inclusion in many collections, 
have been replaced by infinitely better 
Orchids. Notwithstanding the many good 
results already obtained we feel certain that 
progress will continue, while in’ many 
instances even better types will be produced. 
The numbers of seedlings now growing in the 
various establishments as well as in private 
gardens are legion. Many will be the 
disappointments and reversions to types of 
small value and little beauty, but if only a 
small percentage are improvements the 
aggregate of these will surely continue to 
make our exhibitions and meetings of the 
greatest interest to all lovers of Orchids. 

A perusal of this volume shows that the 
subject of Orchid breeding is an international 
one. Certainly our own country stands out 
pre-eminently in this respect, and numerous 
hybrids have been raised in France and 


WORLD. [August, 1915. 
Belgium, while during recent years some very 
promising results have been achieved in the 
United States, from which country many 
meritorious additions will doubtless be 
obtained. 

The work is brought up to as recent a date 
as July 15th, 1915, and additional blank pages 
are interleaved to enable subsequent hybrids 
to be recorded in their respective sections, as 
they occur from time to time, with any 
descriptive notes that it may be deemed 
advisable to add for future reference. The 
whole work is well and strongly bound in 
half-roan, and published at one guinea, a very 
moderate sum for so abundant a supply of 
reliable and most useful information. As a 
guide and reference it has no equal, and to 
every amateur and grower of Orchids it will 
prove an absolute necessity. 


ORCHIDS IN CALIFORNIA. 


UR reproduced photograph shows a 
house of Cattleya Mossiz in Mr. J. A. 


Carbone’s establishment at Berkeley, 
California, U.S.A., where Orchids are largely 
cultivated for cut-flower purposes. At the 
time when the photograph was taken no less 
than 5,000 flowers were open, many being 
produced three and four on a spike and 
measuring from 8 to 9 inches across. In 
the middle of the house are two splendid 
specimens, one with 174 flowers and the other 
with 202, all of which were open at the same 
time and thus making a truly gorgeous 
display. These plants, which began to flower 
during the latter part of March, supplied the 
florists of San Francisco with all the Cattleyas 
needed for their Easter requirements, and 
during the following six weeks there was a 
sufficient supply to meet the demands of 
customers along the whole of the Pacific 
Coast. This illustration helps to show how 
the cultivation of Orchids has spread into 
practically every civilised country of the 
world, and how much these beautiful and 
noble flowers are appreciated by florists, as 
well as amateurs, both great and small. 


August, 1915-]| 


VOL. V. 


THE 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 


249 


Cattleya Mossie in the establishment of Mr. J. A. Carbone, Berkeley, California. 


Ww 
On 


250 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[August, 1915. 


Odontoglossum crispum The Baroness. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM THE 
BARONESS.—That the majority of blotched 
crispums are beautiful flowers no one will 
deny, but exactly by what means the 
blotching has been produced is not an easy 
point to decide. When several species grow 
within a comparatively short distance of one 
another there are opportunities for the pollen 
to be transferred from the one to the other, 
with the result that hybrids are produced, and 


these must occur all the more frequently when 
certain species grow intermixed, as_ they 
sometimes do. Of species with blotched 
flowers likely to create hybrids of the kind 
illustrated above, there are triumphans, 
luteopurpureum and Hunnewellianum, all of 
which may be found growing with or near 
crispum. O. crispum The Baroness represents 
one of the finest varieties in this section, not 
only on account of the blotching being of 


August, 1915. ] 


large extent and good colour but by reason 
of the immense size and thick substance of 
the flower. This elegant plant is in the rich 
collection of Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, 
Englefield Green, Surrey, and when exhibited 
by him at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
June 17th, 1913, it received an Award of 
Merit. After a year’s cultivation it had so 
considerably improved that on May 5th, 1915, 
it was awarded a First-class Certificate. Our 
illustration is reproduced from the Society’s 
painting. 


DENDROBIUM NOTES. 


ANY  Dendrobiums have already 
MI completed their season’s bulbs and 
require removing to a cooler 
and drier atmosphere, for if there is an 
unnecessary continuation of heat and moisture 
the basal buds will in all probability break 
forth into growth. The English summer is 
only long enough for the production of one 
good bulb, and any growths subsequently 
formed are never able to proceed more than 
a few inches before cold autumnal weather 
permanently arrests their development. Hence 
it will be seen how much importance is 
attached to the prevention of secondary 
growth. Several stunted bulbs on what would 
otherwise be a handsome plant present an 
undesirable appearance, and, moreover, they 
give evidence of inattention on the part of the 
cultivator. 

As soon as the new bulb shows sign of 
completion, either by the apex being visible 
in the centre of the topmost leaves, or by the 
foliage assuming a yellowish tint, some means 
must at once be adopted to gradually bring 
the plant to a state of rest. Every few days a 
careful inspection will detect those plants 
requiring different treatment, which mainly 
consists of a drier and cooler atmosphere with 
considerable ventilation. It is of little use 
removing individual plants to another house 
unless they really receive the necessary 
atmospheric change. Exposure to sunshine 
does much to bring about the desired results, 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 2 


un 
- 


but even this is considerably negatived if the 
house is shut up at might time, thereby 
producing a heavy dew on the plant. That 
plants can also be well-ripened by a free 
circulation of air does not appear to be as 
generally recognised as it should be. Night 
ventilation is absolutely essential. 

A remarkable fact is the ready manner in 
which the plant responds to the different 
treatment. As soon as the supply of water 1s 
diminished the plant endeavours to balance 
matters by producing numerous additional 
roots, which are frequently seen round the 
rim of the pot and even clinging to the 
outside. This extra power of obtaining 
nutriment manifests itself in a rapid enlarge- 
ment of the newly-made bulb. If the plant 
remained in its former atmosphere but little 
change would take place. This seems to show 
that a dry and airy atmosphere induces the 
plant to accumulate a large reserve of 
nutritive material, as if to make provision 
against an anticipated severe winter. The 
careful cultivator, however, never allows this 
reserve material to be thus expended, but 
preserves it until the flowering season arrives, 
when it is made use of with beneficial 
results. 

After a few weeks’ treatment the plants 
will be sufficiently ripened to withstand the 
full glare of the sun and an abundance of 
fresh air. In fact, an empty house or vinery, 
in which all the doors and ventilators are left 
open day and night, is most suitable. Towards 
the end of September the plants will require 
more protection and may then be replaced in 
their former position or wherever they will be 
required when the flowering period arrives. 
During the winter but little watering will be 
required, only sufficient to prevent the bulbs 
from shrivelling. The object of withholding 
water is to maintain the plant in a condition 
of rest. Inexperienced amateurs are apt to 
dry the plant to an excessive degree, resulting 
in severe shrivelling, which is not only 
unnecessary but really retards the formation 
of vigorous flower buds; sometimes there 1s 
only sufficient moisture left to stimulate a few 
buds on the apical portion, a result that could 
never be considered satisfactory. 


lo 
to 


ODONTIODA CEREUS. 


nobile triumphans C. Nezliana Harryanum 


| 
Odm, excellens Oda. Charlesworthii 


Cereus 


Messrs. Armstrong and Brown send me 
three varieties of this cross, different vastly in 
the markings, reacting from a mass of dots in 
one to being three-quarters covered in the 
other extreme; all of brown markings, 
somewhat, but not much reddened. 

The ground colour has gone back to creamy- 
white and yellow, form having reverted to 
that of triumphans also. The lips present the 
characteristics of nobile by being pandurate, 
the columns varying between those of nobile 
and triumphans. I hope the fine variety will 
come. 

Speaking generally, the secondary crosses 
with Oda. Charlesworth are very disap- 
pointing, only a few prove as yet to be worth 
raising for themselves. 

de B. Crawshay, Rosefield, June 29th, 1915. 


FLOWERS IN SEASON. 


From Elizabeth, Lady Lawrence, we have 
received some excellent examples of Thunias, 
which grow with remarkable vigour in her 
beautiful garden at Burford. A photograph, 
giving an interior view of one of the Orchid 
houses, 1s also kindly sent, and proves what 
an attractive display can be made with these 
plants when well grown. The tall and erect 
leafy stems carry numerous flowers, and 
continue to produce fresh ones during a 
considerable period. Among the varieties 
cultivated is T. candidissima, a charming 
species, first flowered by the late Sir Trevor 
Lawrence, Bart., who found it on an imported 
plant of Dendrobium Wardianum. The 
nodding inflorescence consists of about six 
pure white flowers. T. Marshalliana alba is 
also a favourite in the Burford collection, the 
large pure white flowers having an orange- 
yellow throat. Mr. E. Swinden, the able 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[August, 1915. 


cultivator, is to be congratulated on the 
success he achieves. Apart from the usual 
method of dividing the plant, Thunias may be 
propagated by cutting up the old stems into 
pieces about 6 inches long and _ inserting 
them in a pot in similar style to geranium 
cuttings. 

During the past season Odontoglossum 
hybrids have been unusually fine in Mr. Wm. 
Thompson’s collection at Walton Grange. 
We have received flowers of about twenty 
varieties, all of good size and richly coloured. 
The best is undoubtedly amabile Thomp- 
sonianum, which measures more than 4 inches 
across, and is of rose ground colour with the 
sepals and petals heavily blotched with 
reddish-purple ; the extensive labellum bears 
an immense solid blotch of crimson, the white 
apex and the marginal dots increasing its 
attractiveness. Two others of outstanding 
merit are eximium Excelsior and the new 
Odontioda Redwing. 


AS 

Vee 
YAS 
>) 
US 
Nee 


VANDA PARISHIL—This_ species was 
discovered in Moulmein in 1862 by the Rev. 
C. S. Parish, but remained in obscurity until 
1870 when it was rediscovered and imported 
by Messrs. Low and Co. It is a dwarf, stout 
growing plant, producing a stiff and erect 
spike of greenish-yellow flowers spotted with 
reddish-brown, the lip having the front lobe 
pale magenta narrowly margined with white. 
In the variety Marriottiana, which first 
flowered in the collection of Sir W. H. 
Marriott, Bart., there is a remarkable devia- 
tion from the type as regards colour, the 
sepals and petals being bronze-brown richly 
suffused with magenta. The typical V. 
Parishu is particularly sweet scented, but it 
has been stated that the flowers of the 
previously mentioned variety are not scented, 
which is rather strange. This species is now 
very rare in cultivation, which is much to be 
regretted, for it is distinct in many ways and 
well worthy of a place amongst warm-house 
Orchids. Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., of 
Bush Hill Park and Jarvisbrook, have recently 
flowered a good example of the type. 


oe) 
wn 
N 


WORLD. 


ORCHID 


THE 


August, 1915. | 


‘DUDIPJOIID JA] 11YS]LDq 


1) | 


[August, 1915. 


THE (ORCHID, WORLD: 


254 


Arachnanthe Cathcartii. 


August, 1915.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 


ARACHNANTHE CATHCARTII. 


Ale meet the exigencies of a progressive 


science like Botany, a change in the 

nomenclature of certain plants is 
often unavoidable. Several causes may arise 
to necessitate such a change, for example— 
the genus to which a species is first referred 
may not have been clearly circumscribed, or 
it may have been thrown into confusion by 
the addition of species that do not conform to 
its essential characters. Vanda Cathcartii is 
an instance of this; so long ago as 1862 the 
late Professor Reichenbach challenged the 
propriety of referring this plant to Vanda, 
and created for its reception a new genus 
which he called Esmeralda; but the change 
seems to have attracted but little notice till 
the revision of the Orchidee was undertaken 
by Mr. Bentham for the Genera Plantarum. 
That eminent systematist, although agreeing 
with Reichenbach as to the propriety of 
removing it from Vanda, found it unnecessary 
to adopt his Esmeralda, as the flowers 
conform sufficiently to Blume’s much older 
genus, Arachnanthe; and he accordingly 
brought it under that genus. 

The following particulars of its origin are 
given by Sir J. D. Hooker in the Botanzcal 
Magazine, sub. t. 5845:—“It is a native of 
hot, damp, shady valleys in the eastern 
Himalaya, delighting in the neighbourhood of 
waterfalls where it is exposed to constant 
humidity; it was discovered by myself in 
1848, and transmitted to the Calcutta Botanic 
Garden, where, after flowering, it was sent off 
to England, but did not survive the voyage. 
Repeated attempts were subsequently made 
to introduce it with more or less success, and 
the honour of first flowering it in this country 
is, I believe, due to Messrs. Veitch, whose 
plant produced one flower in March of the 
present year (1870).” From that time forward 
Arachnanthe Cathcartii has occasionally had 
a place in many Orchid collections both in 
Europe and America, and the estimation in 
which it has been held by horticulturists has 
found expression in the numerous coloured 
plates of it that have appeared in gardening 
publications. It usually flowers in the early 


to 


months of the year, but it is not an uncommon 
occurrence for its racemes to be produced 
much later, and even in opposite seasons. 
The species is dedicated to the memory of 
Mr. James F. Cathcart, of the Indian Civil 
Service, an ardent amateur naturalist, and one 
of the earliest explorers of the rich flora of the 
eastern Himalaya. For materials for descrip- 
tion and figuring we are indebted to Mr. C. J. 
Lucas, of Warnham Court, Horsham. 
CULTURAL NOTE.—Arachnanthe Cathcartu 
has always been a difficult plant to import 
alive, and even when it survives the voyage to 
Europe the most solicitous care on the part of 
the cultivator frequently fails to preserve it 
alive for any length of time in the glass 
houses of this country. At least two circum- 
stances may be adduced as probable causes 
of failure: the impossibility of approximately 
imitating the climatic conditions under which 
it thrives in its native home, and the delicate 
constitution of the plant itself derived from 
its environment, by which it is deprived of the 
hardening influence of direct sunlight. 
Thickly wooded gorges in close proximity to 
streams where light is of the most sombre 
description, quite beyond the warming 
influence of the sun, and where a continual 
high state of humidity during the whole year 
is maintained, are one and all necessary to its 
existence. From May till October the forests 
are maintained in a constant state of satura- 
tion by a drenching and almost continuous 
rainfall, while, during the other half of the 
year, a high degree of humidity is kept up by 
the splashing of the stream a few feet off, and 
the dense canopy of foliage overhead that 
checks evaporation. Hence it is that good 
specimens, growing freely and _ flowering 
regularly, are rarely seen in British Orchid 
collections, and therefore it is with much 
satisfaction that we are enabled to record an 
instance of the successful cultivation of this 
Orchid in the garden of Sir George Macleay 
at Pendell Court, Bletchingley. Here the 
plant is trained against a wall partly over a 
water tank in a small stove, where the 
temperature during winter is about 12 to 
ny degsyae1 055 to 00 .dégs. F.)). and the 
wall always more or less damp from the 


256 THE ORCHID WORED: 


moisture arising from the tank. In this situa- 
tion the lowermost breaks also flower, but 
which, when detached from the parent plant, 
fail to do so. Moreover, the old plant seems 
to suffer if it be shortened in the manner 
sometimes practised on some species of 
Vanda.—Vertch's Manual of Orchidaceous 
Plants. 


THE ART OF WATERING. 


UGUST is a month of fine weather, at 
yas least, so we are generally informed 
by the almanac, but experience 
proves that this is not always true with the 
English climate; in some years it is particu- 
larly hot and dry, while in others there is an 
unusual amount of cloudy weather with a 
continuation of much moisture in_ the 
atmosphere. It is thus apparent that no 
definite directions regarding the watering of 
plants can ever be laid down with any degree 
of accuracy ; so much depends on the actual 
conditions of the weather that the cultivator 
must use his own discretion daily. 

The conveyance and introduction into the 
plant body of the nutrient material of the 
compost is entirely dependent on the water 
supply; no solid food can be absorbed by 
plants ; all nutriment must be in a liquid form 
or it cannot be taken up by the roots. Hence 
we see the necessity of keeping the compost 
moist when the plant is in active growth and 
reducing the moisture during the resting 
season. The best cultural results are obtained 
not by an abundance of water, as many young 
amateurs suppose, but by a careful considera- 
tion of the plant’s requirements and the 
condition of the surrounding atmosphere. 
Just as an excessive amount of food is 
injurious to the welfare of animals so is a 
compost saturated with water very harmful to 
a tender plant. One of the essential principles 
of successful cultivation is to first ascertain 
the need of the plant and then to sustain the 
compost in a condition most likely to meet 
the plant’s requirements. Circumstances may 
not always allow this to be carried out to 
the fullest extent desired, nevertheless the 


[August, 1915. 


cultivator should not forget that an excessive 
amount of moisture often proves as disastrous 
as an insufficient supply. 

The descriptive notes of an Orchid collector 
often contain some such remark as: “ During 
the growing season the plants are subject to 
torrential rains,” a statement which, although 
it may be perfectly correct, is ltkely to mislead 
amateur cultivators. There isa vast difference 
between the open situation of the plant’s 
natural abode and the artificial conditions 
existing in glass-houses. In the former there 
are frequent drying winds which prevent an 
over-abundance of atmospheric moisture, 
while the roots, spread out over a large area, 
are continually finding their way into fresh 
nutritive material; in the latter, that is, under 
greenhouse treatment, the weather is often- 
times unfavourable to much ventilation being 
given, evaporation being correspondingly 
retarded, while root action is impeded by rigid 
confinement to pots, compelling many roots 
to travel again over a compost from which 
much of the nutriment has already been 
extracted. Consequently, when cultivating 
Orchids under the restrictions which the 
difference in the geographical situation 
compels us to adopt, it is never wise to 
attempt the formation of the exact conditions 
under which plants are known to flourish 
when in their natural abode. Every factor 
and condition must be duly considered. 

When applying water to large pots sufficient 
must be given to moisten the whole compost. 
The practice of applying a little at frequent 
intervals is not recommended, for by so doing 
the upper portion of the material is always 
moist, while the lower part is invariably dry. 
A large pot thoroughly moistened will keep 
the roots supplied with water for some time, 
and thus save considerable labour. Some 
cultivators have a habit of rapping with their 
knuckles the outside of the pot, the sound 
thereby produced varying in accordance with 
the interior condition; a dull heavy sound 
indicating moisture and a_ hollow sound 
dryness. When large pots are placed at some 
distance back from the footpath, where they 
can only be reached with difficulty, care must 
always be taken to ensure a supply of water 


August, 1915. | THE ORCHID’ WORLD. 


reaching all parts of the compost ; oftentimes 
it is the front or nearest portion that receives 
the water, the back portion, frequently hidden 
by large bulbs and foliage, receiving an 
inadequate quantity. 

Years ago, when Stanhopeas and _ allied 
Orchids were more numerously grown than 
they are at the present time, many baskets 
and pans were suspended from the roof. 
These had all to be taken down to receive 
their water supply, and, indeed, left for a short 
time on or near the ground in order that the 
surplus water might pass away without 
damaging other plants, as it would do if 
allowed to drip upon them. Now as the 
watering 1s generally done when the growing 
conditions are at their best it is apparent to 
one and all that much valuable time is thus 
lost to the plant by removing it from a warm 
and sunny position and leaving it in a cold 
and semi-dark place near the ground. In 
fact, such treatment is very liable to give the 
plant a check, especially if the water is many 
degrees colder than the atmosphere from 
which it has just been removed. Although 
but few plants are now grown in baskets and 
pans, those that are should always be 
suspended over the path or in a place where, 
as soon as water has been applied, they can 
be immediately replaced, the surplus water 
can then drip off without damaging other 
plants. These remarks apply with equal force 
to plants cultivated on shelves. 

Small pots require frequent attention, and 
as they usually contain young plants of 
delicate constitution no prolonged period of 
dryness should be allowed to occur. Where 
large numbers of seedlings are grown in 
batches frequent syringing overhead is 
generally carried out during fine weather, but 
even then individual attention is required at 
least once a day, for there are always to be 
found some pots which have dried up quicker 
than others, sometimes because they are 
influenced by a current of drying air, at other 
times on account of an unusually porous 
compost. Now and again a pot becomes 
saturated with water, the drainage is clogged, 
the compost becomes sour, and the plant 
soon assumes a sickly appearance. A good 


to 


cultivator is ever on the look out for an 
eventuality of this kind, and his keen eye 
detects it almost as soon as it occurs. [xces- 
sive dryness is also likely to take place. The 
surface of the compost assumes a _ dead 
appearance and becomes so dry and hard that 
it effectually prevents water from percolating 
through. The best remedy is to soak the pot 
in water for a few minutes, and then carefully 
remove the surface of the compost and 
replace it with fresh material. Plants which 
have an abundant supply of 
sphagnum moss are able to collect much more 
of the water sprayed over them than those 
having a dead-like surface. 
about that the plants really in need of water 
receive less than their share while those 
requiring but little get an excessive amount. 
Years ago, when cultivators half-filled the 
pots with crocks, large quantities of water 
were applied; in fact, the drainage was so 
efficient that were it not for this plentiful 
supply the compost would more often have 
been too dry than too wet. Of late years the 
drainage material has been greatly reduced ; 
with small pots only one or two crocks are 
necessary, which allows a comparatively 
larger amount of compost being used. The 
pots thus hold more moisture and smaller 
quantities of water are required. Hence the 
method of potting and the application of 
water are always closely associated. As a 
general rule it will be found that the larger 
the mass of compost the less frequent will be 
the need of the watering pot. A specimen 
Cymbidium may go a whole week without 
requiring additional water, whereas a small 
seedling may need attention daily. 
Consideration must also be given to the 
kind of climate the plant would enjoy in its 
natural abode, for it would not be advisable 
to attempt any wide change in the amount of 
atmospheric moisture. Take, for example, 
Brassavola Digbyana—its very nature suggests 
a dry climate; the staff and fleshy leaves 
remind one of a cactus. To attempt the 
cultivation of this plant in a shady and 
excessively moist situation would end in 
nothing but failure, yet such an atmosphere 
would prove most suitable for a Cypripedium. 


growing 


Thus it comes 


to 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


EPIDENDRUM FRAGROCARPUM.—An inter- 
esting hybrid between fragrans and prismato- 
carpum. The erect spikes carrying greenish- 
yellow flowers, the lip with rose markings. 
Raised by Mr. J. Collier, in the collection of 
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. Gatton Park, 
Surrey. 

ODONTIODA RED CRrRoss.—This pleasing 
hybrid was exhibited by Mr. J. Gurney Fowler 
at the Royal Horticultural Society, June 22nd, 
1915, when it received an Award of Merit. 
The parents are Oda. Cooksonie and Odm. 
ardentissimum. 

CATTLEYA PAULA—A_ very pleasing 
flower, which obtained an Award of Merit, 
Holland House Show, July Oth, 1915, when 
exhibited by the raisers Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean. The parents are aurea and Clarkie 
(bicolor x labiata), yielding a thick-textured 
flower, the sepals and petals rose-crimson, the 
labellum ruby crimson, and the throat golden- 
orange. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA EMMELINE.— [he result 
of crossing L. anceps Schrédere and C. 
White: (Warneri x Schilleriana). The erect 
petals, as well as the sepals, of bright purple 
colour, the lip ruby-crimson with a yellow 
isthmus. Raised by Messrs. J.and A. McBean. 

LLIO-CATTLEYA LEDA.—Messrs. Sander 
and Sons, St. Albans, are the raisers of this 
new hybrid between L. purpurata and L.-C. 
Martinetii. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM WYLAMENSE. — This 
hybrid between percultum and Harryanum 
was originally raised in the collection of Mrs. 
N. C. Cookson. A good example was 
exhibited by Messrs. Sander and Sons at the 
recent Holland House Show. 

ODONTIODA EpirH Hopcson.—A pretty 
result, obtained by crossing Odm. tigrinum 
(Harryanum x Fascinator) and Oda. Brad- 
shawie. Raised by Messrs. Mansell and 
Hatcher, Rawdon, Yorks. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM EVELYN.—The parents 
of this novelty are crispo-Harryanum and 
Phoebe, the influence of cirrhosum, derived 
through the latter, being visible in the large 
yellow area on the crest portion of the 


58 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


{August, 1915. 


labellum. 
Hatcher. 

ODONTIODA CLARISSA.—Oda. Bradshawie 
and Odm. illustrissimum are the parents of 
this hybrid recently flowered by Messrs. 
Mansell and Hatcher. 

ODONTIODA REDWING.—A_ charming 
addition to the Odontiodas has been flowered 
by Mr. Wm. Thompson, of Walton Grange. 
The parents are Odm. Rolfeaee and Oda. 
Charlesworthu, the flower having all the 
segments symmetrically marked with reddish- 
brown. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM WILCHELLO. — The 
result of crossing Wilckeanum and Othello. 
Raised by Mr. C. J. Lucas, Warnham Court, 
Horsham. The broad flower is marked with 
dull crimson blotches. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM DELTA—An excellent 
result, obtained by crossing Rolfeze and 
Othello, Mr. C. J. Lucas being the raiser. Seg- 
ments of good shape, golden-yellow, neatly 
blotched with reddish-brown, the large 
labellum creamy-white with reddish markings. 

ODONTIODA THE PRINCE.-A_ pleasing 
hybrid with amethyst-purple flowers, obtained 
by crossing Odm. Ernesti (Adrianz © x 
triumphans) and Oda.  Charlesworthu. 
Exhibited by Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, 
Holland House Show, as Prince de Galles, 
but altered to The Prince in consequence of 
the former name being already in use. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM MILAN.—The result of 
crossing Rolfeze and Harryanum. Raised by 
Messrs. Flory and Black, and in the first plant 
to flower there is a marked similarity to the 
former parent. 

CATTLEYA ORDUNA.—A large flowering 
hybrid, obtained from Carmen (Warscewiczii 
x Lueddemanniana) and Mendelu. Raised 
by Messrs. Flory and Black. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA CoRTINA. — Lelio- 
Cattleya callistoglossa and Cattleya Empress 
I'rederick are the parents of this new hybrid, 
recently exhibited by Messrs. Flory and 
Black. 

ANGULOA ROLFEI—A natural hybrid 
between Cliftoni and Ruckeri. Imported by 
Messrs. Sander and Sons, and exhibited by 
them at the Holland House Show, 1915. 


Raised by Messrs. Mansell and 


August, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 259 


MASDEVALLIA 
RACEMOSA. 

HIS charming plant was 
originally discovered sin 


Colombia by Hartweg, from 
whose herbarium specimens it was 
named and described by Lindley in 
1839. Many years later it was 
gathered by Cross at Pitayo, near 
Popayan, whose name thence became 
attached to the plant, although he 
failed to send home living plants to 
Europe, as did other collectors after 
him, it being, it 1s said, one of the 
worst of Masdevallias to travel. Its 
introduction to gardens is due to John 
Carder, who succeeded in sending a 
small consignment of living plants in 
the year 1883. These were gathered 
on the Cordillera, between Popayan 
and Tolima. ' 

This distinct species of the genus 
has erect stems, 2-3 inches _ high, 
produced from a creeping rhizome. 
Leaves 2-4 inches long. Scape 
10-15 inches long, racemose, 8-15 
flowered. Flowers brilliant orange- 
red shaded with crimson, sometimes 
paler approaching yellow; lateral 
sepals with three longitudinal veins 
that are deeper in colour than the 
intervening surface; petals and lip 
minute, whitish, the former oval- 
oblong, the latter linear-oblong. 
The lateral sepals are destitute of 
tails. 

The structure of the flowers of 
Masdevallia presents a — curious 
anomaly when compared with that of 
the flowers of many of the genera 
that find favour with amateurs, such 
as Cattleya, Dendrobium, many 
Odontoglossums and  Oncidiums,  etc., 
in which the lip is often enormously 
developed, apparently at the expense of the 
other floral segments, and it is also the most 
richly coloured of all the segments. In 
Masdevallia, on the contrary, the lower whorl 
of floral segments—the sepals as they are 


HALF FULL 
Size 


Masdevallia racemosa. 


conventionally called—are the most developed 
and the most richly coloured parts of the 
flower, this development being, no doubt, at 
the expense of the petals and lip, which are 
reduced to minute organs that have but an 
insignificant influence on the aspect of the 
flower, 


260 THE ORCHID WORELD: [August, 1915. 


Angrecum caudatum. 


August, 1915.] THE ORCHID 


ANGRAECUM CAUDATUM. 


HE most noticeable character presented 
di by Angraecum on a superficial inspec- 
tion of the cultivated species 1s 
unquestionably the long tail-like spur 
dependent from the base of the labellum. 
The generic name is a Latinised form of 
Angrek, the Malay name for all Orchids of 
the AZrides and Vanda habit of growth. The 
subject of our illustration is a native of Sierra 
Leone, whence it was introduced, about the 
year 1834, by Messrs. Loddiges, in whose 
nursery at Hackney it flowered for the first 
time in this country in August of the following 
year. It appears to have been subsequently 
imported in limited numbers, as it was 
generally cultivated by the most prominent 
amateurs of the period, 1840-60, among whom 
it was in high repute on account of its very 
curious flowers, of which the unusual colour— 
olive-green toned with pale brown; the long 
tails and the remarkable sexual apparatus are 
striking peculiarities. 


CATTLEYA ) NOTES: 


there is always something requiring 
attention in the Orchid house, and 
herein lies one of the charms of a collection. 
A spare half-hour in the early morning or 
towards the close of day may be profitably 
occupied by looking over the Cattleyas and 
carefully arranging the bulbs so that the 
newly-made ones are in the most favourable 
positions to receive sufficient light and air. 
In fact, one of the secrets of successfully 
flowering Cattleyas is maturing the bulbs in 
a good ripening atmosphere. 
A fairly thick stick in the centre of the pot 
will usually be found the best means of 
maintaining the bulbs in the desired positions. 


N- matter what the weather may be 


Each bulb should be carefully drawn to an ° 


almost upright attitude, and kept so by 
means of raffia, which, to prevent slipping, 
should first be securely tied to the central 
stick. Except in the case of large specimens 
it is quite unnecessary to use a separate stick 


WORLD. 261 


for each bulb. On no account must all the 
bulbs be tied up in a bunch, each must have 
its allotted space, and as far as possible be 
prevented from shading its neighbour. Where 
ample staging space 1s available the bulbs can 
be allowed wider separation, a method always 
rewarded with good results, for the more light 
and air they receive so much the riper will 
they become, while the flowers ultimately 
produced will be proportionately finer. A 
word of caution is needed in respect to tying 
up the bulbs so tightly that further increase 
in their development is arrested. Also, some 
leaves may have occupied positions in which 
their under surface has been continually 
shaded, and consequently is in a_ tender 
condition; with these care is required to so 
arrange them that they are not exposed 
suddenly to the glaring sunshine, or serious 
damage may result. All changes in this 
respect should take place gradually, in order 
that the leaves may have time to adapt 
themselves to the altered conditions. 


HOLLAND HOUSE SHOW. 


July 6th, 7th and 8th, 1915. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch (an the chair), Sir Jeremiah 
Colman, Bart., Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), 
Pantia Rall, T. Armstrong, W. Bolton, F. 
Sander, J. Cypher, Stuart Low, Gurney 
Wilson, W. Thompson, W. H. Hatcher, A. 
McBean, R. G. Thwaites, C. Cookson, W. 
Cobb, R. A. Rolfe, Wilson Potter,’ A. Dye, 
GaP ucass)|.-&. shill W. H. White and R. 


Brooman-White. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum Georgius Rex (parentage 
unrecorded), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., 
Brackenhurst, Pembury.—A remarkable plant, 
with a spike of 28 large flowers handsomely 
blotched with claret-purple. A Lindley Medal 
was also awarded. 

Cattleya Warscewiczii “ Mrs. E. Ashworth,” 
from Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 


262 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Heath.—A very beautiful and distinct variety. 
The plant carried a spike of four large flowers, 
of light blush-pink, the broad labellum tinged 
with rose-pink. It received an Award of 
Merit when exhibited by Mr. E. Ashworth, 
July, 1897. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Leelio-Cattleya Fascinator-Mossie __ var. 
Moonlight, from Messrs. Charlesworth and 
Co.—An uncommon variety, in which the stiff 
flower is chalk-white with a slight tinge of 
pink on the back of the sepals. The throat 
is unusually devoid of colour. 

Cattleya Mendel “Mrs. Smee,” from Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart—A model flower with 
broad, well-set petals, and the labellum of 
purple-crimson colour. 

Cattleya Paula (Clarkie x Dowiana aurea), 
from Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge. 
—An attractive hybrid of rich crimson-rose 
colour, the extensive front lobe of the 
labellum, as well as the margin of the lateral 
lobes, being ruby-crimson, the throat golden- 
orange. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
received a Gold Medal for an excellent group, 
containing a varied selection of species as 
well as numerous hybrids raised in his collec- 
tion. There were two good plants of Cattleya 
Mendelti “ Quorn House var.,” C.-M. Duke of 
Marlborough and C.-M. Mrs. Smee; several 
forms of Cattleya Warscewiczu, of which the 
variety known as King Edward VII. was 
extremely dark. Numerous Odontiodas, 
strong plants of Oncidium macranthum, 
batches of the bright yellow L.-C. Pheebe, 
and well-flowered plants of Cypripedium 
Lawrenceanum Hyeanum were in prominent 
positions. Zygopetalum Roeblingianum and 
a varied selection of botanical curiosities must 
also be mentioned. 

Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, Rawdon, 
Yorks, were awarded a Gold Medal for an 
exceptionally well-staged exhibit, in which 
were many grand plants of Phalenopsis 
amabilis, several specimen plants of the 
graceful Platyclinis filiformis, Vanda teres, 
good examples of Cypripedium Curtisu, one 


[August, 1915. 


called exquisitum being richly coloured, 
Lycaste aromatica with numerous flowers, a 
wide selection of L.-C. Aphrodite and some 
strong pieces of Anguloa Cliftonu. Among 
the Odontiodas were O. The Prince 
(Ernest) x Charlesworth) with amethyst- 
purple flowers, and the pretty O. Sunbeam. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver-gilt Cup for an extensive 
group containnmg many superb Lelio- 
Cattleyas, of which gloriosa, lustre and 
Mauritania were particularly fine. Also 
Miltonia Sandere var. vivicans, with a bright 
crimson blotch on the base of the labellum, 
the rare Afrides Houlletianum Sandere, an 
albino variety, the curious Ornithocephalus 
grandiflorus, as well as many interesting 
botanical plants. A special feature in this 
exhibit was the wide selection of Anguloas. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, received 
a Large Silver Cup for a meritorious exhibit 
of Lzeelio-Cattleyas, of which Canhamiana 
Rex, Gladiator and Martinetti were unusually 
good. Small groups of the attractive Disa 
Luna and the superb Disa grandiflora, with 
its large flowers and bright scarlet colour, 
were much admired. Lycaste aromatica, with 
numerous flowers, Cattleya Gaskelliana alba, 
various Odontoglossums and Odontiodas, the 
useful Oncidium leucochilum and Miltonia 
Hyeana were also seen to advantage. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, received a Silver Cup for a collection 
of specimen plants, which included several 
varieties of the handsome Miltonia Charles- 
worthu, M. vexillaria Lyoth, Epidendrum 
vitellnum and Dendrobium infundibulum. 
There was also a plant of the choice 
Odontioda Cooksoniz Fowler’s var., the 
interesting Paphinia cristata, a fine variety of 
Epidendrum prismatocarpum, a varied selec- 
tion of Odontiodas, of which O. Brewii 
cupreum and O. Chantecleer are worthy of 
special mention, and two well-flowered plants 
of Angraecum Eichlerianum. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, were awarded a Standard Cup for an 
excellent exhibit, the various forms of 
Cattleya Warscewiczii being specially note- 


worthy. Cypripediums were _ extensively 


August, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORED. 263 


included, callosum Sandere, Daisy Barclay 
and gigas Hyeanum being seen at their best. 
Maxillaria luteo-alba, several albino Cattleyas, 
and some new Odontoglossum hybrids of 
considerable promise were also shown. 
Odontioda Chantecleer Orchidhurst variety 
was much admired. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook 
and Bush Hill Park, received a Standard Cup 
for an extensive exhibit, in which well-flowered 
plants of Renanthera Imschootiana and the 
white Phalaenopsis amabilis showed to great 
advantage. Oncidioda Cooksonie, the rare 
Cattleya Mendelii Stuart Low and other 
choice varieties, Lzalia tenebrosa “ Walton 
Grange var.,”’ strong plants of Oncidium 
macranthum and the curious Bulbophyllum 
Lobbi Collosus were also included. Cypri- 
pediums embraced good examples _ of 
caudatum and grande atratum.  Lelio- 
Cattleyas were well represented, the varieties 
of Aphrodite being superb. Cattleyas 
included several excellent albinos and richly- 
coloured forms of Warscewiczii. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
staged a fine exhibit, to which a Silver-gilt 
Flora Medal was awarded. The centre was 
a mass of excellent Odontiodas, while at the 
back were fine varieties of Oncidium 
McBeanianum. The new L.-C. Emmeline, of 
considerable promise, as well as Cattleya 
Paula were in prominent positions. Cattleya 
Mossize Wageneri, Coelogyne pandurata were 
well-flowered, and there was a varied selection 
of choice Odontoglossums, both species and 
hybrids. The pretty Masdevallia Schlimii was 
also included. 

Mr. Harry Dixon, Wandsworth Common, 
was awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a 
pleasing group of Leelio-Cattleyas, among 
which were bletchleyensis var. Emperor, a 
grand flower, and a richly-coloured form of 
Martinetti. Odontoglossum hybrids and white 
varieties of Cattleya Mossiz were also 
shown. 

Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, exhibited a 
group of Odontoglossums, Cattleyas and 
Lelio-Cattleyas in variety. Also Vanda teres, 
Dendrobium Thwaitesii and Miltonia vexil- 
laria. A Silver Banksian Medal was awarded. 


Elizabeth, Lady Lawrence, Burford, sent 
cut spikes of Cypripedium Stonei, the rare 
variety platytanium as well as magnificum 
being included. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, exhibited 
Cattleya Eros, a pleasing flower not unlike 
Cattleya Empress Frederick, the labellum 
marked with rose-purple and the throat 
orange coloured. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 


July 20th, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), Messrs. 
Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Pantia Ralli, J. 
Charlesworth, W. Bolton, Gurney Wilson, R. 
A. Rolfe, W. H. White, R. Brooman-White, 
SeiHlegy Wel. Hatcher, C. H. Curtis and 
Wilson Potter. 


AWARD OF MERIT. 


Bulbophyllum Balfourianum, from Messrs. 
Sander and Sons.—A remarkable species with 
leaves not unlike those of a Phalznopsis. 
The large flowers are yellowish, heavily 
blotched and spotted with dark crimson. In 
some respects it is like B. Fletcherianum, but 
the lateral sepals are not so elongated. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an inter- 
esting group, in which were several elegant 
plants of Anguloa Cliftoni and A. Clowesu ; 
the pretty Bulbophyllum — densiflorum ; 
Cattleya gigas Sanderiana, with 7 flowers on 
a spike; Cattleya Gaskelliana var. Brides- 
maid, a very delicate flower; the choice 
Coelogyne Mooreana, with an erect spike of 
white flowers; and Epidendrum radiatum. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
secured a Silver Flora Medal for a pleasing 
group, containing the rare A®rides odoratum 
album, Cattleya Gaskelliana var. Fairy Queen, 
C. Mossia Wageneri, C. gigas Pearl, a pretty 


264 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


form, Oncidium macranthum, with many- 
flowered spikes, the interesting Cypripedium 
caudatum, and Miltonia Lambeauiana, with a 
spike of large flowers. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
neat group, in which were excellent varieties 
of their Laelio-Cattleya Harrianceps, a choice 
selection of Cattleya Lord Rothschild alba, 
good varieties of Odontioda Charlesworthu, 
O. Diana and O. Thwaitesu, the elegant 
Lelio-Cattleya Beatrice (callistoglossa x 
Schrédere), and various Odontoglossums. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged 
the new Odontoglossum Milan (Rolfeze x 
Harryanum), with large flowers resembling a 
fine variety of Rolfeze; Cattleya Orduna 
(Carmen x Mendelii); and Lelio-Cattleya 
Cortina (callistoglossa x Empress Frederick), 
a promising hybrid. 

Messrs. E. H. Davidson and Co., Twyford, 
exhibited Cattleya superba alba, with blush- 
white segments, the lip having a few rose 
coloured lines; also Odontoglossum Ceres, a 
richly coloured variety with a spike of 5 good 
flowers. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury, exhibited 
a strong plant of Cymbidium aloifolium, with 
two drooping spikes of flowers. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


junem 7th rors: 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: R. 
Ashworth, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. J. C. 
Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans; P. Foster, A. 
Hanmer, J. Lupton, Dy) Mekeccde etek 
Sander, W. Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp 
and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to Col. J. 
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn; Large Silver 
Medals to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, 
and A. Hanmer, Esq., Chester ; Silver Medals 
were granted to Messrs. Cypher and Sons, 
Cheltenham, Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. 
Albans, and Messrs. Hassall and Co., 
Southgate. Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, 
Bradford, also exhibited interesting plants. 


[August, 1915. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cattleya Mossie Wageneri “Baron 
Schroder’s var.,” the yellow markings on the 
lip very pronounced, and Cattleya Sybil “R. 
Ashworth,” both from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Curtisii Sandere, from S. 
Gratrix, Esq. A Silver Medal was also 
awarded. 

Cattleya Mossiz pleasingtonensis, white 
sepals and petals, the lip lined with yellow, 
from T. Butler, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum Cobbize “Ashland var.” 
(Pescatore1 x amabile), O. Lambeauianum 
“Lord Kitchener” and O. ardentissimum 
expansum, all from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Thurgoodiana “Haddon House 
var.,” from P. Smith, Esq. 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 


To Mr. E.. Rogers, “for 7a plantas 
Phalznopsis Rimestadiana, with a branched 
spike of 46 flowers. A Bronze Medal was 
also awarded. 


July 8th, 1915. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rey. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Cypher, P. Foster, A. Hanmer, 
Dr. Hartley, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. 
Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward 
and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, and to Col. J. 
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn. A Silver Medal 
was granted to Messrs. Cypher and Sons, 
Cheltenham. O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury, 
and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford, 
also exhibited. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Oncidium crispum “ Heathfield var.,” from 
J. J. Bolton, Esq., Pendleton. 

Odontoglossum Duchess of Teck, from A. 
J. Oakshott, Esq., Bidston. 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 
To Mr. Jas. Law, gr. to J. J. Bolton, Esq, 


for a fine example of Oncidium crispum ; a 
Bronze Medal being also awarded. 


4 (é)) 


a. 
Z 
ZB. 


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FOXOZOES 


ORCHID WORLD 


SEPTEMBER, 1915. 


NOTES: 


ODONTOGLOSSUM LoBBI.—This hybrid 


PARTHENOGENESIS.—Another instance of 
development of the ovules without transmis- 
sion of the paternal characters has occurred 
in a plant of Zygopetalum intermedium 
pollinated with Cymbidium Tracyanum. The 
pod was made and the seedlings raised by 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, of Cooksbridge, 
and the many plants that have flowered are 
nothing else than pure Zygopetalum inter- 
medium. The exact means by which the 
ovules of certain species are stimulated into 
growth without any visible signs of hybridity 
has never been satisfactorily explained. 


R.H.S. AWARDS.—At the meeting of the 
Orchid Committee, August 17th, 1915, Mr. J. 
Gurney Fowler brought forward the question 
of granting some suitable award to immature 
seedlings flowering for the first time, in order 
to encourage raisers to exhibit their novelties 
on the earliest occasion possible, instead of 
waiting until the plants reach maturity. He 
suggested that something in the way of a 
Provisional Recommendation might be used, 
and that the same be brought into working 
order by January Ist, 1916. It was also 
proposed to inaugurate a second award for 
rare species, those that formerly received 
the Botanical Certificate, in order that a 
record might be made of the appearance of 
these plants at the Royal Horticultural 
Society. The need for some official recog- 
nition of the above two classes of Orchids 
was discussed in our issue of May, Ig15, 
p. 175. We shall be glad to receive the 
opinions of Orchid growers upon the various 
points involved. 


VOL. V. 


between amabile and_ Pescatore1 was 
originally exhibited at the Royal Horticultural 
Society, February 12th, 1907, by Mr. J. 
Gurney Fowler, who named it in honour of 
his god-daughter. The name was duly 
published, but in subsequent records it was, 
by a clerical error in the initial letter, changed 
into Cobbiz, an appellation that has remained 
in use ever since. The Manchester Orchid 
Society, June 17th, 1915, gave an Award of 
Merit to the Ashlands variety of Cobbize 
(amabile x Pescatorei) which should have 
been Lobbiz, although we inadvertently 
omitted to make the correction in our report 
of the meeting on page 204. 


YY 4 OY 


ALRIDES MACULOSUM SCHRODERI.— 
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. have recently 
flowered this pretty rarity, which belongs to 
an interesting section of Orchids seldom seen 
in present-day collections, although well 
worthy of closer recognition. It was originally 
flowered by Mr. J. H. Schroder, of Stratford 
Green, Essex, who supplied the following 
particulars :——“I purchased it about the year 
1844 at Stevens’ sale, Covent Garden, being 
part of a small importation from the hills near 
Bombay. My attention was directed to it by 
its very distinct habit, and the remains of a 
flower-spike from every leaf. We _ have 
flowered it now for three years, and each year 
finer than the preceding, and should we be 
fortunate enough to attain its native flowering 
habit, I need not say what a magnificent thing 
it will be. It appears to be a hybrid between 
férides crispum and A. maculosum, and on 


34 


266 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


that account I value it the more, as I do not 
think it is so likely to be introduced again.” 
It formed the subject of a coloured plate in 
Moore and Ayres’ Magazine of Botany, 1850, 
the accompanying note by A. Henfrey stating 
that “it seems to bear a close resemblance to 
A. maculosum, from which it can hardly be 
specifically distinct, although in the shape of 
the lateral teeth of the lip, and in the bifid 
tubercle between them, it appears to differ 
slightly. Considering the much greater 
differences between the other species we 
prefer to regard this as a variety.” Veitch’s 
Orchid Manual remarks :—“ A. maculosum 
is a native of the Western Ghauts of India, 
from Mahabaleshwar, its northern limit, to 
Travancore in the south, but quite local, in 
one or two places associated with Atrides 
crispum. It was introduced by Messrs. 
Loddiges, of Hackney, and Messrs. Rollisson, 
of Tooting, and flowered for the first time in 
this country in the nurseries of those firms 
in July, 1844. The variety Schroderi is 
distinguished by having stems more robust 
and taller; leaves more distant and longer ; 
peduncles stouter and more branched, the 
sepals and petals narrower, with the apical 
stain larger and brighter, the front lobe of 
the lip longer and of a deep amethyst-purple.” 
A. maculosum Schréderi obtained a First- 
class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 
June 12th, 1894, when exhibited by Sir 


Trevor Lawrence, Bart. 


LouIs FORGET.—Messrs. Sander and Sons 
regret to announce the death of their 
well-known collector M. Louis Forget, which 
took place, August 10th, in a hospital at 
Rennes, France. Since his first journey to 
Brazil in 1891 he has been constantly engaged 
in collecting Orchids and other plants and 
in. the exploration of South and Central 
America. He only returned to Europe at 
rare intervals, and then for but a few months. 
When, in 1891, the re-discovered Cattleya 
labiata was in demand, he travelled to 
Pernambuco, and his remarkable energy 
and persistent efforts accounted for large 


[September, 1915. 


consignments being sent home from new 
and unexplored districts. In the early 
nineties he collected Lzelio-Cattleya elegans, 
then much sought after, as hybrids were 
few in number; among many choice varieties 
he found a pure white one, which has since 
been lost to cultivation. His journeys 
extended over the whole of Southern and 
Central America, wherever, in fact, there was 
any likelihood of Orchids being found. He 
re-discovered Lelia Jongheana and in later 
years Lelia Gouldiana. Twice he went to 
Peru, chiefly for the rare Cattleya Rex; the 
first consignments were shipwrecked and lost, 
but later ones arrived safely. He described 
this plant as flowering profusely on bulbs 
as large as those of Lelia purpurata, and 
constituting one of the finest sights ever seen. 
Among his most interesting letters are those 
describing journeys to the eastern slopes of 
the Andes, which he crossed wherever he 
could in Peru and Bolivia. Forget possessed 
an iron constitution and rarely complained 
of ill-health during the whole of the 23 years 
he was engaged in collecting and exploring. 
His sudden death, from an affection of the 
heart, comes therefore as a shock and 
surprise. He was absolutely fearless when 
in the forests, but disliked intensely the noise 
and bustle of London and large towns. He 
was well received everywhere by the natives, 
chiefly owing to his tact. He never carried 
firearms, not even during a month’s solitary 
exploration on the then little known S. 
Francisco River and its numerous tributaries. 
He les buried in the cemetery of Rennes, 
France. 


LA&LIO-CATTLEYA PENARTH—A  four- 
flowered spike of this pretty hybrid comes 
from the collection of Mr. J. J. Neale, 
Lynwood, Penarth, where it was raised by 
Mr. H. Haddon, the parents being C. Forbesii 
and L.-C. elegans. The yellowish sepals and 
petals are lightly tinted with rose, and the 
inside of the labellum prettily lined and 
spotted with bright purple. It flowered for 
the first time in 1914. 


September, 1915. | THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 267 


Odontoglossum eximium King of the Belgians. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM EXIMIUM KING OF THE 
BELGIANS.—This unusually fine variety of 
eximium, with rich crimson-purple blotches, 
has been raised by Messrs. J. and A. McBean, 
of Cooksbridge, who have always made a 
speciality of choice Odontoglossums. In 
the production of ardentissimum a_ heavily 
blotched variety of crispum was mated with 
Pescatorei, and the marked manner in which 
the blotching was accentuated in the resulting 
progeny incited the raisers to produce still 
finer flowers by increasing the proportion of 
crispum, this being effectually carried out in 
the production of O. eximium (ardentissimum 
x crispum). Although Pescatorei is respon- 
sible for a minor share of the parentage its 
influence is still to be seen in the pandurate 
shape of the labellum, and the violet tinge 
imparted to certain portions of the flower. 


rw 


SK 


7 
BSS 


ORCHIDS IN FRANCE—Messrs. Vacherot 
and Lecoufle, of Boissy-St.-Leger (Seine et 


Oise), France, send us a photograph of an 
artistic group of Orchids exhibited by them 
at Paris only a few weeks before the war 
commenced. In order to produce as natural 
an effect as possible, the plants were displayed 
upon trunks of trees, the Multomias and 
Phalenopses thus showing to advantage. 
The centre was occupied with excellent 
varieties of Lelio-Cattleya Lucia (cinnabarina 
x Mendelii), and on each side various Brasso- 
Cattleyas and specimen Cypripediums were 
tastefully arranged. On other occasions 
interesting Odontiodas of attractive colour, 
and Odontoglossums, both species and 
hybrids, were exhibited. Among the choice 
Orchids is L.-C. King Edward VII. with a 
large and richly-coloured labellum, a beautiful 
variety of Odontoglossum — Fascinator 
(crispum x Adriane), and O. Eldorado, noted 
for its immense lip. Messrs. Vacherot and 
Lecoufle have published a catalogue contain- 
ing a selection of their best species and 
hybrids, as well as Carnations, in which they 
also specialise. 


268 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[September, 1915. 


Oncidium Leopoldianum. 


ONCIDIUM CORYNEPHORUM 
AND O. LEOPOLDIANUM. 


HERE are two elegant Oncidiums that 
have come into prominence during 
the last year or so; one misO: 

corynephorum and the other O. Leopold- 
ianum. It is more than likely that they grow 
in the same locality, for both have appeared 
in an importation of plants received from 
Moyambambo, Peru. Although the habit of 
growth and the formation of the flowers 
shows respectively a great similarity, the two 
accompanying illustrations depict a marked 
difference in the construction of the labellum, 
by which each species may be identified. It 
is at present impossible to say whether any 


natural hybrids exist, and even if already 
imported some time may be required before 
they are discovered, as both species are 
notoriously difficult to cultivate, at least, so 
far as their flowering is concerned. 

O. corynephorum has by far the longest 
history, having been described by Lindley 
about the year 1838, from a specimen 
collected by Matthews in Peru. O. Leopold- 
lanum was introduced by Linden in 18g0, 
and dedicated to Leopold II., King of the 
Belgians. In both species the spikes are 
several feet in length and bear numerous 
whitish flowers more or less stained and 
freckled with rose, the labellum coloured with 
varying shades of purple. 

O. corynephorum was exhibited at the 


September, 1915. } 


Oncidium corynephorum. 


Royal Horticultural Society by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons, May 23rd, 1911, when it 
received an Award of Merit. O. Leopold- 
ianum was exhibited by Mr. H. S. Goodson, 
of Putney, July 28th, 1914, and obtained a 
similar award. Our illustrations, reproduced 
from the Society's /ournal, show both 
examples. 


CULTURAL NOTES. 
lees sun is gradually losing its power, 


and shading on all but the cool 
houses should be reduced accord- 
ingly. Where roller blinds are erected their 
use can be regulated as required, always 
taking care that the unripened plants are not 
subjected to bright sunshine during the 
middle part of the day, for there is still a 
chance of tender foliage being burnt. 
Where permanent shading in the form of 
whitewash on the glass is used its removal 
must take place gradually, thus slowly 
accustoming the plants to increased light. 
If possible, the plants should be separated 
into two lots, one containing those with fully- 


VOL. V. 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 269 


grown bulbs, and the other reserved for the 
few that require another week or so to finish 
their growth under shady conditions. 

There are some amateurs who shut the 
houses up as Closely as possible each night in 
order to save the cost of fuel, which is poor 
economy indeed. Plenty of air is now needed, 
and ventilation should always be used when 
the outside atmosphere is not unduly severe. 
A little fire heat at night time will cause the 
air to circulate, as well as maintain a suitable 
temperature. Shutting up the houses on a 


summer’s afternoon is all very well when a 


hot steamy atmosphere is required to promote 
vigorous growth, but during the month of 
September amateurs would be well advised to 
discontinue this treatment, or some of the 
plants may be excited into starting a second 
growth, which is most undesirable. Modera- 
tion in all things is now the main point to 
consider. 

In the cool houses no fire heat will be 
required until October arrives. The Odonto- 
glossums are lovers of a cool and moist 
atmosphere, and a temperature of 50-60 
degrees will suit them admirably; no harm 
will occur if it falls as low as 45 degrees on 
cold nights, although when this is expected 
the watering should be done early in the day 
so that much of it may evaporate before night 
time. Whenacold night arrives unexpectedly 
the new growths should be examined and any 
water lodging in them shaken out. This will 
go a long way to prevent damping off. 

Many Odontoglossums of the crispum 
section will require repotting, those in the 
most forward condition of growth being taken 
in hand first, while the backward plants can 
wait a few more weeks, and very late ones 
until the early spring time. The practice of 
going through a batch of plants and repotting 
every one, whether they require it or not, is 
by no means satisfactory even in the large 
trade establishments, and still less so in 
amateurs’ collections, where a considerable 
portion of the work is done in odd hours. 

With Odontoglossum hybrids there is a 
remarkable increase of vigour, making them 
particularly useful, for they soon overcome 
any check caused by repotting, while they 


35 


270 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


possess a constitution which renders them 
immune from many of the troubles associated 
with certain species. Hybrids containing 
Harryanum in their parentage are notable 
examples of this free-growing condition, and 
so strong are they that it matters but little at 
what season of the year the repotting is done, 
although when the growth is a few inches 
high is undoubtedly the most favourable 
opportunity. Many growers use the same 
compost mixture for all sizes of plants, which 
gives fairly good results, although the best 
success is obtained by selecting the finer 
material for the small pots and keeping the 
coarser kind of fibre for the larger specimens. 
If a large mass of fine grade fibre is pressed 
closely together there is little room for the 
necessary aeration, resulting in a sour and 
water-logged condition, which quickly upsets 
the health of the plant. Although almost all 
Orchids require a fairly large amount of 
water, especially when in growth, it 1s 
absolutely 
of drainage, both in the compost itself and 
In very large pots, say of 
eight or more inches in diameter, an excellent 


y essential to provide efficient means 
1 
underneath it. 


plan is to insert a small pot in the bottom, 
placing it upside down and surrounding it 
with a few crocks. This method provides 
ample drainage, and has the advantage of 


keeping the pot light in weight. 


Odontoglossum Dora. 


[September, 1915. 


THREE ELEGANT 
ODONTOGLOSSUMS. 


crispum  Pescatorei Harryanum  Pescatorei 
See Sse || eee a || 
Na, | 
ardentissimum crispum Rolfeze crispum 
i Sa SES) eee es 
ed) live 
eximium Lambeauianum 
| | 


| 
AMETHYST. 


In the production of the multitude of 
Odontoglossum hybrids that now adorn 
our collections three species stand out 
meritoriously; they are crispum, Pescatorei 
and Harryanum. How many times and in 
what varied ways have they been intercrossed 
is a question no one dares to answer, yet 
almost each succeeding attempt rewards the 
hybridist with one or more distinct and 
praiseworthy results. 

Many beautiful varieties of ardentissimum 
and eximium now exist, and these, as well 
as fine forms of Lambeauianum, are to be 
seen in all up-to-date collections. Their wide 
range of coloration enables them to hold their 
own against any other section of cool-house 
Orchid, while their vigorous nature is such 
that no amateur need fail to cultivate them 
satisfactorily. 

Our illustrations show three distinct 
and beautiful hybrids produced by the 
intercrossing of crispum, Pescatorei and 
Harryanum. By the above plan the precise 
mode of creating them 1s facilitated. Amethyst 
is the result of crossing eximium and 
Lambeauianum ; illustrissimum is produced 
by. crossing ardentissimum and Lambeau- 
ianum; while Dora has for its parentage 
Pescatore1 and Lambeauianum. 


Mr. FRANK READER.—On Wednesday, 
August 4th, many of the principal exhibitors 
at the Royal Horticultural Society presented 
Mr. Frank Reader with a silver salver and a 
purse of gold in token of their appreciation 
of his courtesy and never-failing helpfulness, 
and to mark the completion of twenty-five 
years’ service with the Society. There were 
eighty-four subscribers. 


™ 


WORLD. 


ORCHID 


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‘dba spupjeqa]) ‘jshyjow py wnssojsojuopC) 


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NEW HYBRIDS. 


ODONTONIA KAFFIR QUEEN.—A pretty 
addition to this distinct section. Produced 
by crossing Odm. harvengtense with Miltonia 
Warscewiczu, the flower has the sepals and 
petals heavily blotched with red-brown, the 
large, square labellum is almost covered with 
a shining crimson-red blotch, the margin of 
which is tinged with rose, while in front of 
the yellow crest is a rich crimson blotch of 
triangular shape. Raised by Mr. F. W. 
Thurgood in the Rosslyn collection, Stamford 
Hill, London, N. 

CYPRIPEDIUM Gypsy.—The result of 
crossing insigne and Watsonianum (concolor 
x Harrisianum). Raised by Mr. Wm. Bolton, 
of Warrington, who used the variety of 
insigne known as Oddity, which has three 
labellums. See note on page 241. 

LYcCASTE ARTHURIANA—An interesting 
hybrid between macrophylla and Ballie 
(macrophylla x Skinneri), exhibited by Mr. 
R. Ashworth, Manchester Orchid Society, 
July 22nd, 1915, when it obtained an Award 
of Merit. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA Mrs. HAROLD KInc.— 
The result of crossing LC. Epicaste and 
L.-C. callistoglossa, the flower of excellent 
shape and deep purple. Exhibited by Mrs. 
R. le Doux, Manchester Orchid Society, 
July 22nd, 1915, when it received a First-class 
Certificate. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM CERISSIMUM.—A pretty 
hybrid between Ceres (Rossii x Rolfea) and 
ardentissimum, the flowers of rose ground 
effectively spotted with red-brown. Raised 
by Messrs. Flory and Black. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA SYLPH.—This_ cross 
between L.-C. luminosa and C. Warscewiczii 
has been raised by Mr. F. C. Puddle in the 
Scampston Hall collection, Rillington, York. 
The labellum is of an unusually bright purple 
eolour. 

CYPRIPEDIUM WARNHAM Fairy.— A 
pleasing result obtained by Mr. C. J. Lucas, 
Warnham Court, Horsham, the parentage 
being Fairrieanum and  Clinkaberryanum 
(Curtisu x philippinense). 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[September, 1915. 


ODONTIODA NIRVANA. 
(Odm. nzvium X Oda. Charlesworthii.) 


Mr. Armstrong sends me the first spike of 
this most elegant little hybrid. It is easily 
pictured by imagining nevium mayus stained 
deep rose and heavily barred and spotted 
with crimson-brown, the white ground and 
dark spotting of it having assumed the 
crimson of the Charlesworthu. The lip of 
nevium has reduced that of Charlesworthu 
greatly in size, and the colour here is a deep 
rosy-mauve. 

A group of nevium and this hybrid will be 
a most artistic one. There are only five 
hybrids from nezvium at present named, all of 
them having originated at Orchidhurst and 
Rosefield. 

de B.Crawshay, Rosefield, Aug. 5th, 1915. 


DENDROBIUM THYRSIFLORUM. 


NATIVE of the forests of Moulmein 
A and of the Kargen district of Lower 
Burmah, this species was introduced 
in 1804 by Messrs. Low and Co., through the 
Rev. C. Parish, its discoverer. It flowers in 
April and May, and has, since its first 
introduction, been regarded by horticulturists 
as one of the most beautiful species of the 
genus. 

By some authorities it is considered a 
variety of D. densiflorum, which has angulate 
stems. In D. thyrsiflorum the stems are 
terete, longer and more slender. Hence the 
two plants can be easily distinguished when 
not in flower. 

D. thyrsiflorum var. Walkerianum is stated 
to have had stems 3 feet in height, and the 
racemes of flowers 2 feet long, bearing more 
than 50 flowers. 

The unexpanded racemes have a curious 
cone-like appearance. This is caused by the 
flower buds being completely enveloped by 
the large imbricate bracts, and forming a 
thyrse, from which the specific name is 
derived. 


September, 1915.] 


VOL. V. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Dendrobium thyrsiflorum. 


36 


WN 


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THE ORCHID WORLD. 


HHS 


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I 


Aull 


Dendrobium Farmeri. 


|September, 


IQI5. 


September, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 


DENDROBIUM FARMERI. 


: YHIS attractive species has clavate stems, 


4-5 angled, from 10-18 inches in 

height ; leaves ovate-oblong, usually 
two or three near the apex of the stems. The 
pendulous raceme many-flowered, each bloom 
about 2 inches across, the sepals and petals 
pale straw-yellow tinted with rose, disc of 
lip deep ochreous yellow. The flowering 
season 1s May and June, sometimes a little 
earlier. 

A native of the eastern part of the 
Himalayan zone and the Khasia Hills, also 
in the forests of Moulmein in British Burmah, 
whence it has been frequently imported. It 
was first introduced in 1847, in which year it 
was sent by Dr. McClelland from the Calcutta 
Botanic Garden to Mr. W. G. Farmer, of 
Nonsuch Park, Surrey, to whom it is 
dedicated. The variety albiflorum was 
found in the plains and low hills near 
Moulmein; the variety aureo-flavum comes 
from the Arracan Mountains, and closely 
resembles D. chrysotoxum, from which 
it may be distinguished by its quad- 
rangular stems, looser racemes, and differently 
shaped lip. 

In Sikkim, where it is found at elevations 
of from 1,000-3,000 feet, the sepals and petals 
when they first expand are of a pale mauve, 
which gradually changes to pure white; the 
lip 1s invariably of a deep rich yellow, with 
the margin whitish. In the Aznals of the 
Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, Vol. VIIL., 
p. 57, it is stated: “ To this change of colour 
in the same individual flower is no doubt due 
much of the confusion which has occurred as 
regards the identity of this plant, individuals 
in the stage in which the sepals and petals 
are white having been mistaken for D. 
thyrsiflorum. D. Farmeri has also been 
confused with the closely allied D. palpebre, 
but the latter is a smaller plant than D. 
Farmeri, with thinner less clavate stems. 
There is, however, a form of D. Farmeri in 
Burma in which the sepals and petals, as well 
as the lp, are always yellow, and which was 
considered on its first discovery to be closely 
allied to D. chrysotoxum. To this the varietal 


LS) 
NI 
wm 


name aureo-flavum has been given. There is 
also in Burmah a form with smaller flowers 
than those of typical D. Farmeri, and to 
this Regel has given the varietal name 


parviflorum.” 


my 


CA Sg 
yes ‘yl 


my afl: a 


Oncidium excavatum. 


ONCIDIUM EXCAVATUM. 


N attractive species, first discovered by 
x, Matthews, in 1838, at Chachapoyas in 
; Northern Peru, and afterwards by 
Spruce on the Andes of Ecuador, and by 
Warscewicz near the sources of the Amazon. 
It flowered in Messrs. Loddiges’ nursery at 
Hackney in 1830, but does not appear to have 
been cultivated till 1862, when it flowered in 
the collection of Mr. T. Dawson, at Meadow- 
bank, near Glasgow, who obtained it at a sale. 
Gustav Wallis, in 1865, collected plants in 
Southern Ecuador and sent them to M. 
Linden’s establishment at Brussels. Since 
then it has been generally cultivated. The 
specific name excavatum was suggested by 
Dr. Lindley on account of a deep pit 
excavated on the under side of the labellum 
near the base, and only to be seen by looking 
at the back of the flower and putting aside 
the two lateral sepals. 

The flower spikes, which are produced 
during the autumn months, are 2-3 feet long, 
the individual flowers 14 inches in diameter ; 
sepals yellow with 2-3 red-brown bars 
on the basal half; petals sometimes wholly 
yellow, at other times with 1-2 red-brown 
spots near the base; labellum bright 
canary-yellow. 


276 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Peristeria elata. 


PERISTERIA ELATA. 


HIS. stately Orchid has long been 
aii known as the Dove plant from the 
fancied resemblance of the column 
and its beaked anther, combined with the 
ascending side lobes of the lip to the figure 
of a dove; characters which also obtained for 
it from the Spanish settlers in Central 
America the name E] Espiritu Santo, or Holy 
Ghost plant. It is a native of Panama, 
whence it was first communicated in 1826 by 
Mr. Barnard, a Peruvian merchant, to Mr. 
Harrison, of Liverpool, in whose hothouse it 
flowered for the first time in 1831. 

The comparatively immense pseudo-bulbs 
carry leaves of 3 feet or more in height; the 
strong erect flower-spikes often 5 feet high, 
the individual wax-like blooms being nearly 
3 inches in diameter and very fragrant, the 
only colour being some purple spotting on the 
side lobes of the labellum. The flowers are 
produced during the months of July, August 
and September, and last a long time in 
perfection. 

Messrs. Veitch and Sons give the following 
cultural directions:—Peristeria lata is 
usually potted early in spring in a compost 
of two-thirds well-rotted turfy loam and 
one-third fibrous peat or other fibre, with the 
addition of some thoroughly decomposed cow 
manure. Ample drainage should be secured 
by broken crocks to about half the depth of 


[September, 1915. 


the pot, and the compost filled in above this 
to within an inch of the rim. The pseudo- 
bulbs should be placed on the surface of the 
compost which should then be covered with 
sphagnum moss. When growth commences 
the plants should receive a liberal supply of 
water, which should be continued till the large 
new pseudo-bulbs are mature; the supply 
may then be diminished to so much as 1s 
sufficient to prevent the pseudo-bulbs from 
shrinking during the winter months. As 
much air and light as is safely practicable 
should be afforded at all seasons, shading 
being used only during the earliest stages of 
growth and on hot bright days to prevent the 
foliage being scorched. 


ODONTIODA  LAEVETZLIANA., 
(Od. lave x Cochlioda Neetzliana.) 


One of the very few remaining primary 
Odontiodas proves what is called interesting, 
another and more euphemious term for 
“rubbish” in the eyes of the hybridist. 

The bulbs are smooth and glabrous, much 
like those of lave the 2 parent, but thicker 
in proportion; the leaves are long and 
narrow, also more like those of the seed 
bearer. 

Spike 22 inches long, divided by strong 
three-quarter inch bracts into nodal lengths, 
those at the base being 2 inches long, 
gradually reducing, the one at the apex being 
but half an inch. Flowers 8, in form 
extremely like leve, but entirely light 
venetian-red, slightly darker at edges and 
tips. The lip alone varies in colour, being a 
light yellow, tinted at edges with rose; it is 
intermediate in form, the column short and 
similarly tinted, having the stigma almost 
divided into two parts by a projection of the 
ridge under the caudicle of the pollinia. 

A remarkable feature is a_ thread-lke 
filament on the back of the base of the lower 
sepals; on two flowers there are two, on 
three only one. The flowers were crossed 
May 20th, 1907, but the first plant did not 
flower until June 20th, 1915.—de B. Crawshay, 
Rosefield, Sevenoaks, July 22nd, rors. 


September, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 277 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM. 


has encouraged the practical Orchid 

crower, this time by reserving one of 
its well-known monthly competitions for the 
best essay on Odontoglossum  crispum. 
Judging by the numerous essays submitted, 
this enterprising /owrnal circulates in many 
a garden of importance where Orchids form 
an indispensable feature. 

The final adjudication was entrusted to 
Mr. Gurney Wilson, who awarded the First 
Prize to Mr. W. E. Dadson, Hookfield 
Gardens, Epsom, and the Second to Mr. 
uke Nioody, 28, Drake Street). Enfield: 
The former receives a Gold Medal and the 
Journal of Horticulture post free for one 
year, while the latter obtains a Silver Medal, 
to which we have pleasure in adding a 
monthly copy of the ORCHID WORLD for a 
year. 

By courtesy of Mr. Horace J. Wright, 
Editor of the /ournal of Horticulture, we 
have pleasure in publishing extracts from 
three of the essays. 


Oo again the Journal of Horticulture 


Mr. W. E. DADSON’s ESSAY. 


The cultivation of Orchids is no longer the 
exclusive privilege of the few, now that the 
cultural requirements are better understood. 
This has arisen chiefly from three causes: 
Firstly, from the useful information imparted 
by those who have studied the plants in their 
habitats ; secondly, from the close study and 
application by means of which cultivators 
have brought the observations of travellers to 
bear in a practical manner on the culture of 
the plants; and, thirdly, from the discovery 
that many of the species require less heat and 
less expensive appliances than were once 
thought indispensable. 

While the culture of Orchids demands 
forethought and careful attention to details 
in respect of watering, resting, cleaning, 
temperature, shade, and ventilation, common- 
sense enters largely into their treatment, and 
those who apply it will find Orchid cultivation 
as devoid of difficulties as the management 
of any other garden plant. 


Odontoglossum crispum is most abundant 
in the mountainous regions of the South 
American Andes, between Bogota and Ocana, 
at an altitude varying from 5,000 feet to 
g,000 feet; it 1s a humid, temperate region, 
with a mean annual temperature of a little 
over 55 degrees for the higher elevation and 
65 degrees for the lower. The difference 
between the maximum and minimum tempera- 
ture is sometimes very great, the thermometer 
in the heat of day often rising to go degrees 
and falling at night to 40 degrees. From this 
fact may be deduced the importance, first, of 
a low night temperature, and, second, that an 
occasional high temperature in summer need 
not cause anxiety if the house is carefully 
shaded and ventilated, and the atmosphere 1s 
kept moist. 

Considering the immense quantity of plants 
of Odontoglossum crispum that have been 
imported during the past thirty years, and the 
large number still to be obtained, there is 
sound evidence that this species perpetuates 
itself by seeds very freely in its native home. 
When carefully saved seeds are sown under 
the artificial conditions of cultivating adopted 
in this and other countries, however, the result 
is very disappointing, for despite every 
attention only an exceedingly small propor- 
tion germinates satisfactorily. Exactly why 
this is the case. has never been discovered, 
notwithstanding the fact that seeds of hybrid 
Odontoglossums, when sown under similar 
conditions, yield fairly good and encouraging 
results. | However, with close attention, 
success is sometimes achieved, and _ the 
cultivator is then well rewarded and 
encouraged to continue his or her interesting 
work. 

The best time to repot these plants which 
require it is shortly after flowering, before 
new roots are formed. It is a grave error to 
injure the roots by the process of trans- 
planting to larger pots while they are active. 
The pots must be clean and well drained, 
being about half-filled with crocks. For 
potting material use equal parts of fibrous 
peat and sphagnum moss, with no admixture. 
After potting shade the house judiciously 
during bright weather, and keep the 


278 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


atmosphere closer for a short time; water 
with great caution until the roots have freely 
entered the material, when the supply can be 
increased as required; but a_ saturated 
condition must be avoided always as it causes 
a sour compost, in which no plant delights. 
Soft water, whenever obtainable, should be 
preferred both for root application and 
spraying, and it should be as nearly as 
possible of the same temperature as the 
house; cold, hard water is hable to cause the 
young leaves to assume a_ rusty-brown 
appearance and to check the young growths. 

As these plants continue their growth night 
through the winter watering must be 
carefully attended to, and although a 
minimum temperature of 50 degrees should 
be aimed at, no real damage will occur if the 
thermometer falls to 45 degrees. On very 
cold nights an excellent plan is to cover the 
glass with mats, and when the blinds are in 
use they may be let down as additional 
protection. Excessive fire-heat is never good 
for plants, so every means must be taken of 
preventing a loss of heat from the house, and 
thus reducing the need for highly-heated 
pipes. 

As the weather improves air must be 
admitted on all favourable occasions, and the 
plants frequently damped down as _ the 
weather permits. When spikes are devel- 
oping the plants should be carefully inspected 
every day for slugs and snails, which are 
particularly fond of them. As the flowers 
expand shade is very essential, and all the 
ventilators should also be opened on bright 
warm days, so that the house may be kept as 
cool as possible. 

Scale is rarely found on O. crispum, these 
cool-house plants being favourite hosts for 
thrips, which cause much damage to the 
flower-spikes and disfigure the new growths. 
Fumigation is generally effectual, care being 
taken that water is not lodging in the 
growths, or it may prove a harbour for the 
thrips until the fumes have passed away, 
when they will march forth once again on 
their work of destruction. It is advisable to 
sponge the leaves once or twice a year with 
some safe insecticide. The best times are 


[September, 1915. 


just before the plants come into bloom and 
after repotting. 


Mr. A. R. Moopy’s Essay. 


This charming Orchid, well known to many 
under its synonym O. Alexandre, is 
undoubtedly first among the cool-house 
section of orchidaceous plants. A tempera- 
ture ranging from 45 degrees to 65 degrees 
suits it admirably, but better results may be 
achieved with a minimum of 50 degrees. 
The type, judging from accounts, appears to 
have been pure white with golden spots on 
the lip, but imported pieces provide various 
forms and shades. In recent years many very 
fine varieties have been introduced in 
importations, and superb variations, with the 
petals and sepals so heavily spotted and 
blotched with purple as to almost exclude 
the typical whiteness, have been produced by 
skilled raisers at home. The essential points 
are fulness of form, regularity and depth of 
colour of blotches or markings, or pure white 
combined with good shape. Imported pieces 
of the type known as “Old Pacho” usually 
furnish better varieties than others. 

Upon receipt imported plants must be 
looked over most carefully and all dead and 
decaying matter removed. It is an excellent 
plan to dip them in a solution of insecticide 
to destroy any insect pests which may be 
lurking in obscure and hidden places. They 
should then be stood upright in pots or boxes 
partly filled with crocks and sphagnum moss, 
in a temperature of from 50 degrees to 
60 degrees, shaded and lightly sprayed to 
encourage the dormant “eyes” to start into 
growth, immediately after which they should 
be placed in pots just large enough to 
accommodate them properly. 

A good potting medium consists of two 
parts of well pulled and chopped Osmunda 
fibre, one part of At fibre, and one part of 
perfectly cleaned, cut-up sphagnum moss, 
with a little charcoal and some_ broken, 
half-decayed oak leaves. The components 
must be thoroughly mixed and damped prior 
to using. Peat still finds favour with many 
successful growers. It should be of a very 


September, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 27 


fibrous nature, well broken up to remove 
the dust, and incorporated with chopped 
sphagnum and broken charcoal at the rate of 
two parts of peat to one part of moss and 
charcoal. 

The pots should be two-thirds filled with 
clean crocks, with a covering of sphagnum to 
keep the drainage open; then add the 
compost fairly firmly. The plant ought to be 
so placed that the new growth is as nearly as 
possible in the centre of the pot ; small sticks 
or fine copper-wire pegs should be used to 
hold it in position until established. When 
the operation is completed the base of the 
pseudo-bulbs must be slightly bedded in the 
potting mixture, which ought to be about 
level with the rim of the pot in the centre and 
half an inch below it at the edge. A few 
pieces of live sphagnum should then be 
inserted in the surface, as when in growth it 
helps to keep the material sweet, adds to the 
neatness of appearance, and acts as a guide 
in watering. Rain water, when obtainable, 
should be exclusively used. 

After potting stand the plants in a cool, 
shaded position in the house and damp 
between the pots to maintain a moist 
atmosphere. An occasional light syringing 
of the surface of the compost and the plants 
themselves on sunny days will be all the 
watering required until root action becomes 
vigorous. The most scrupulous care must be 
exercised that no moisture remains in the 
young growths, especially during cold and 
damp weather, or they will almost certainly 
damp off. Air must be admitted on all 
favourable occasions during mild weather to 
encourage firm foliage and _ pseudo-bulbs. 
For this purpose bottom ventilators are 
preferable to those in the roof, because the 
too frequent use of the latter permits the 
escape of the essential atmospheric moisture. 
The growing period extends from about July 
to March, and liberal supplies of water must 
be given as required, which, during fine 
weather, may often be daily. 

When the plants are finishing their growths 
the primary aim must be to ensure perfect 
ripening, and to that end air ought to be 
admitted freely yet with judgment ; let them, 


too, have as much light as possible short of 
exposing them to very bright sunshine. ‘This 
treatment will go far to induce that plump, 
firm appearance of pseudo-bulbs and leaves 
which bespeaks fine, strong flower-spikes. 
Blinds are particularly useful at this stage, as 
shading can then be used when absolutely 
necessary ; the possessor of such an important 
and desirable accessory has a great advantage 
over his less favoured confrere who has to 
have either all shade or none. 

Small or half-formed pseudo-bulbs should 
not be allowed to carry large spikes, if they 
form them, and it is advisable to reduce the 
buds to about three or four in some cases, 
while total removal should be the rule in the 
case of very weak growths; even with strong 
growths the spike ought to be cut as soon as 
the plant shows signs of shrivelling. 


Mr. J. W. FORSYTH’S ESSAY. 


The following useful information 1s 
extracted from an essay contributed by Mr. 
J. W. Forsyth, The Gardens, Markyate Celt, 
near Dunstable. 

Opinions differ greatly as to the compost. 
At one period quite a craze existed to pot the 
plants in leaf-soil, peat and sand, which, 
needless to say, meant disaster. I find 
the following material excellent and can 
recommend it with every confidence. Mix 
thoroughly two and a half parts each of 
polypodium fibre and best quality fibrous 
peat, remove the sticks, chop, and remove the 
dust by means of a sieve; four parts chopped 
sphagnum moss, one part oak leaves (dry). 
The oak leaves should be gathered by hand 
in the autumn and stored in an airy place to 
dry; when required they should be rubbed 
through a half-inch sieve. Add also a good 
sprinkling of coarse silver sand, some small 
crocks and charcoal. 

September is the best time to re-pot, for 
then the plants commence to make new roots. 
Do not delay potting until the roots are too 
long, or much damage will occur. The best 
method of potting is to use a sharp-pointed 
bamboo stick, about 7 inches long; avoid 
pressing the compost downwards with the 


280 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


fingers, but press it towards the plant with 
the potting-stick, and pot moderately soft, 
with the aim of keeping the compost open. 
Finish by top dressing with freshly gathered 
sphagnum moss, which greatly encourages 
root action. The pots should be clean and 
well laid with crocks, upon which a few peat 
roots may be placed. Do not make the 
common mistake of using too large a pot, err 
rather on the small side. 

Speaking generally, damping down should 
be carried out two or three times a day. 
Spraying the plants will also prove beneficial. 
In ventilating the house always start with the 
bottom ventilators, and when the temperature 
increases the top ones may be used; a 
draughty condition must be carefully avoided. 
Keep the temperature as near 55 degrees as 
possible. To have a free circulation of air 
round the pots do not overcrowd, and always 
stage the plants with the young growths 
facing the light. It is also advantageous to 
raise the plants on what is called a dummy 
stage, thereby ensuring a circulation of air 
round the bottom of the pots, which assists in 
keeping the compost sweet. 


PLATYCLINIS GLUMACEA. 


Illustration on page 282. 


LTHOUGH the individual flowers are 
A small, the immense number produced 
on a single spike renders this species 
particularly useful, for when well grown many 
spikes are borne. An intermediate house will 
suit it admirably, and large pans will be found 
more suitable than deep pots. The yellowish- 
white flowers, usually borne in March and 
April, emit a most delightful fragrance, which 
is noticeable at some distance from the plant. 
This graceful evergreen species was 
discovered by Cumings in the Philippine 
Islands, and was sent by him to Messrs. 
Loddiges, in whose nursery it flowered for the 
first time in 1841. The variety valida is 
distinguished by having much broader leaves; 
it is also spring-flowering and sweetly scented. 


[September, 1915. 


Oncidium Cavendishianum. 


ONCIDIUM CAVENDISHIANUM. 


Ai: plant was discovered by Mr. G. 


Ure Skinner in the neighbourhood of 

the city of Guatemala, and was one 
of the first Orchids sent to England by this 
collector, it being included in a consignment 
received by Mr. Bateman at Knypersley in 
1835. A few years later plants were sent by 
Mr. Parkinson, the British Consul in Mexico, 
to the Woburn collection, where one of them 
flowered in 1841, and from that time to the 
present frequent mention is made of it in the 
horticultural periodicals. It was collected by 
Roezl in 1875 near Colima, in the Mexican 
provinces of Michoacan, thus indicating that 
it is spread over a considerable area in the 
neighbourhood of the Pacific coast. 

O. Cavendishianum is one of a small group 
distinguished by the absence of pseudo-bulbs 
and by their large, thick leathery leaves. It 
was named by Mr. Bateman in compliment to 
the then Duke of Devonshire, the most 
munificent patron of horticulture of his 
time, and under whom Sir Joseph Paxton 
commenced the modern system of Orchid 
culture at Chatsworth. Its usual flowering 
season is April and May. The strong spikes 
are from 2-3 feet high, terminating in a 
many-flowered panicle. The fragrant flowers 
are about 14 inches in diameter; sepals and 
petals sometimes wholly yellow, sometimes 
yellow-green spotted with red; the labellum 
bright yellow; column wings yellow spotted 
with red. It succeeds well in an_inter- 
mediate house, and requires plenty of 
atmospheric moisture. 


281 


“AjaiiDa agi] D4éjxa ‘uindsi19 winsso)soj}u0p—CE) 


ft |} 
HY 4) 


6 / 
SG 


WSK _ YY r 


WORLD. 


ORCHID 


THE 


September, 1915. ] 


[September, 1915. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


282 


Platyclinis glumacea. 


See page 280. 


September, 1915. ] THE 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 


August 4th, 1915. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. 
Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, W. 
Bolton, R. Brooman-White, Pantia Ralli, R. G. 
Thwaites, J. Charlesworth, F. Sander, A. Dye, 
S. W. Flory and J. Wilson Potter. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Cattleya Sibyl var. Scintillant (aurea x 
iridescens), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., 
Brackenhurst, Pembury.—-A very beautiful 
result, in which the sepals and petals are of 
an uncommon rose-crimson tint, the base 
and isthmus of the lp deep orange, and the 
broad lip ruby-red. The spike carried 3 
flowers. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lelio-Cattleya Thyone Fowler’s — var. 
(L.-C. Ophir x C. aurea), from J. Gurney 
Fowler, Esq—A large flower with the 
segments of greenish-golden-yellow, the 
labellum crimson-red, the throat lined with 
gold. Raised by Mr. Francis Wellesley. 

Cattleya Harold Fowler’s var. (Gaskel- 
liana alba x Warscewiczii var. Frau Melanie 
Beyrodt), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq—The 
large flowers with pure white sepals and 
petals, the broad lip freckled with bright 
violet-purple. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


E. G. Mocatta, Esq., Woburn Place, Addle- 
stone, exhibited Lzlio-Cattleya Maqueda 
Woburn Place var. (L.-C. Geo. Woodhams x 
C. Lord Rothschild), with a spike of two 
rose-purple flowers, the large labellum of rich 
crimson-purple. 

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Stamford Hill, showed two 
well-flowered plants of Cattleya Warscewiczii 
var. Frau Melanie Beyrodt, and Brassia 


ORCHID WORLD. 283 


Lawrenceana longissima, with a spike of 9g 
flowers. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., exhibited Cattleya 
Miss Louisa Fowler, with a splendid spike of 
large flowers; C. Warscewiczi saturata, in 
which the two yellow blotches usually seen in 
the throat are absent; and several excellent 
Lelio-Cattleyas. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Banksian 
Medal for an interesting group of Odonto- 
glossum hybrids and Odontiodas, also 
Cypripedium Rossetti, the attractive Paphinia 
cristata, Catasetum macrocarpum, Lycaste 
Balliz, Cattleya aurea and C. Gaskelliana 
alba. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
exhibit containing Anguloas Cliftonu, uniflora 
and eburnea, the elegant Coelogyne Mooreana, 
Miltonioda Cooperi, the curious Mawillaria 
luteo-alba and Lelio-Cattleya Radium. In 
the centre was a fine specimen of L.-C. 
wisetonensis (C. Warner x L.-C. callisto- 
elossa). 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
neat group, in which were Rhynchostylis 
retusa, the rare A“rides maculosum Schréderi, 
a good example of Oncidium Gardneni, Vanda 
coerulea, several Odontiodas, Cattleya aurea, 
the elegant Miltonia Queen Alexandra and a 
fine form of Phalaenopsis amabilis. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged 
Odontoglossum cerissimum (Ceres x ardentis- 
simum), with a spike of rose-tinted flowers 
spotted with red-brown ; also Od. Meredithiz 
(Rossu x venustulum), with prettily marked 
flowers. 


August 17th, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Die biatiyerlia © weitch Gn the, chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Messrs. Jas. O’Brien 
(hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, Wm. Bolton, 
Pantia Ralli, R. G. Thwaites, J. Charlesworth, 
T. Armstrong, C. H. Curtis, A. Dye, R. A. 
Rolie, Sit W.*Flory, W. P. Bound, W. H. 
White, W. Cobb, W. H. Hatcher and J. E. 
Shill. 


284 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES, 


Odontonia Charlesworthi Fowler’s var. (O. 
Uro-Skinneri x M. vexillaria), from J. Gurney 
Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury.—A 
very beautiful hybrid, fully described and 
illustrated in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IV., 
p- 251. In this variety, the second plant to 
flower, the rose-purple on the labellum is 
inclined to be broken up, while the individual 
blooms are larger. The plant carried a spike 
of 6 flowers. 

Cattleya Hardyana His Majesty, from 
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook— 
One of the finest varieties yet seen of this 
elegant hybrid between aurea and Warsce- 
wiczi. The large flowers had sepals of fine 
substance and very wide, the broad labellum 
richly coloured with intense purple. 

Odontoglossum President Poincaré, from 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq—A _ magnificent 
flower in which the very round and 
large segments are of rose-purple colour, 
the labellum well developed. Parentage 
unrecorded. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Drapsiana vinosa (aurea x Mrs. 
Pitt), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq—tThe thick 
flowers of an unusually rich and dark purple 
colour, the crimped labellum having the inner 
part of old gold. A valuable acquisition. 

Cattleya Sybil var. rotundobellum, from J. 
Gurney Fowler, Esq—An_ unusually fine 
variety of this hybrid between aurea and 
iridescens (bicolor x Eldorado), the round 
labellum of dull rose-crimson. 

Lelio-Cattleya Golden Queen, from Messrs. 
Flory and Black, Slough—-An attractive 
flower of apricot colour, the sepals and petals 
broad, the labellum well developed. Parentage 
unrecorded. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 


[September, 1915. 


for an interesting group containing the pretty 
Paphinia cristata, Oncidioda Charlesworthi, 
several choice varieties of Odontoglossum 
crispum xanthotes, Cattleya O’Brieniana alba, 
C. Gaskelliana alba, Odontiodas, of which 
Brewu was the best, and Lzlio-Cattleya 
Colmaniana. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, 
Pembury, obtained a Silver Flora Medal for 
an exhibit of choice hybrids, several of which 
obtained awards. Others included Lelio- 
Cattleya Rhenus (C. aurea x L.-C. Geo. 
Woodhams), of dark purple colour; L.-C. 
eximia delicatissima, with a spike of 4 large 
flowers, the large lip distinctly marked; a 
pretty variety of Cattleya Lord Rothschild 
and Brassia Lawrenceana. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
exhibit of numerous species and_ hybrids. 
Included in it were Cattleya rubescens (labiata 
x dolosa), C. Ella, the elegant Ccelogyne 
Mooreana, Vanda teres, Anguloa eburnea, 
the curious Ornithocephalus fuscus, Bulbo- 
phyllum densiflorum, B. barbigerum and 
Brassia Forgetiana. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
exhibited Afrides Fieldingu, Cattleya 
Hardyana, with a spike of 5 flowers, richly 
coloured varieties of Cattleya Whitei and 
Minucia as well as Odontoglossum nebulosum. 

Sir Herbert Leon, Bart., Bletchley Park, 
Bucks, showed Cypripedium Transvaal 
(Chamberlainianum x Rothschildianum). 

Mrs. Bischoffsheim, The Warren House, 
Stanmore, exhibited Lzlio-Cattleya Rubens 
(pumila x Hardyana), a very large flower of 
rich rose-purple colour. 

C. J. Lucas, Esq, Warnham Court, 
Horsham, staged Cypripedium Warnham 
Fairy, a pleasing hybrid between Fairrieanum 
and Clinkaberryanum. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co, Southgate, 
exhibited three very choice varieties of 
Cattleya Sybil, with richly coloured segments. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged 
Anguloa Cliftonii, Langley var., Odonto- 
glossum Smithu, of bright deep rose colour, 
and Brasso-Cattleya Ilene var. Goliath, a 
large flower of rose-purple colour. 


September, 1915. ] 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


July 22nd, 1915. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, A. G. 
Ellwood, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, 
J. Lupton, D. McLeod, S. Swift, H. Thorp 
and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to Col. 
J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn, and to J. 
Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey, for excellen: 
groups. 

Other exhibitors included O. O. Wrigley, 
Esq., Bury; R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch ; 
Wer dae eee, ‘Psq:, Heywood; Mrs: R. Je 
Doux, West Derby; and Messrs. A. J. 
Keeling and Sons, Bradford. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Leelio-Cattleya Mrs. Harold King (L.-C. 
Epicaste x L.-C. callistoglossa), a large well- 
set flower of good shape and substance, lip 
of excellent shape, deep purple. From Mrs. 
R. le Doux. 

Miltonia vexillaria Leeana, a magnificent 
variety, with a spike of 8 flowers, the largest 
44 inches across and 5? inches deep. From 
W. R. Lee, Esq. A Silver Medal was also 
awarded. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum Lambeauianum violaceum 
and Lycaste Arthuriana (macrophylla x 
Balliz), both from R. Ashworth, Esq. 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATES. 


First-class to Mr. Rogers, gr. to O. O. 
Wrigley, Esq., for Phalaenopsis Rimestadiana 
and Lycaste tricolor albens. 

Second-class to Mr. J. Lupton, gr. to Col. 
J. Rutherford, for Cattleya Gaskelliana albens. 


CHAD 


THE, ORCHID WORLD. 285 


INDEX. 


fErides, 90; maculosum Schréderi, 265 ; 
Vandarum, 193. 

Albinism, 121. 

Albino. Cattleyas, 61; result, 1, 25. 

Ancistrochilus Thomsonianus, 36. 

Angrecum armeniacum, 241; birrimense, 8; 
caudatum, 261; Leonis, 176; rectum, 73. 

Anguloa Rolfei, 244, 258; Ruckeri, 12. 

Arachnanthe Cathcartii, 255. 

Arundinia subsessilis, 108. 

Ashtead Park, Surrey, 227. 

Assisting Nature, 197. 

Back bulbs, 169. 

Barkeria elegans, 309; 
Skinneri, 309. 

Beauties of Orchids, 217. 

Belgians, assistance for, 125. 

Brasso-Cattleya Admiral Jellicoe, 57; A. J. 
var. Pink Pearl, 93; Aquila, 80; Cliftonii 
albens, 119; C. Fowler’s var., 190; C. 
Sir John French, 166; C. The Globe, 226; 
Digbyano-Schréderee Shrubbery var., 165; 
Eileen, 113; Fusilier, 113; Ida, 80; Lady 
Hanbury, 57; sulphurea, 57; Vilmoriniana, 
190. 

Brassocattlelia Constance, 203 ; Gordon High- 
lander, 58; Seaforth Highlander, 58. 

Brasso-Lelia Moonbeam, 8o. 

Broughtonia sanguinea, 177. 

Bulbophyllum dichromum, 171. 

Calanthe Branchii, 53, 70. 

Cattleya Ajax, 46; amabilis Fowler’s var., 24; 
Antiope, 45; Argosy, 204; Astron, 69; 
Beatrice, 40; Bellona, 57; Bronze King, 
41; Clesiana alba, 26; Clio, 80; Crates, 
80; dubiosa, 204; Empress Frederick, 
150; General French, 40; General Pau, 
40; General Pulteney, 80; General Smith- 
Dorrien, 41; Gladys, 15; Hermione, 182; 
iridescens aurifera, 23; Katie,.15-; labiata, 
50; Lady Rowena, 193; Ledru Rollin, 41 ; 
Leopoldii alba, 2; Lieut. Holbrook, 114; 
Lueddemanniana, 111; Maroniris, 40; 
Nestor, 58; Olympus, 165; Orduna, 258; 
Panama, 181; Pandemus, 40; Paula, 
258; Phyllis, 113; Portia, 49; Princess 
Royal, 45; Pretoria, 80; Queen Bess, 
182; Queen Elizabeth, 163; Queen of the 
Belgians, 225; Quibo, 58; Raphael, 79; 
Rhoda Fowler’s var., 45; Rosalind, 15; 
Sibyl var. Lord Kitchenér, 23; Skinneri, 
58; Snowflake, 113; Sulla, 223; Tityus 
Rex, 214; Triane alba var. Queen Eliza- 
beth, 142; venusta, 15; Warscewiczii, 
189. 

Cattleyas, yellow, 30. 

Chamberlain, Mr. Joseph, 27, 169. 

Cirrhopetalum formosanum, 108; robustum, 


234. 


Lindleyana, 39; 


286 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Cochlioda vulcanica, 49. 

Celogyne annamensis, 8; asperata, 24; cris- 
tata, 64; pandurata, 207; siamensis, 108 ; 
Veitchii, 80. 

Colours of flowers, 126. 

Cryptophoranthus atropurpureus, 7. 

Culture notes, 42, 68, 116, 269. 

Cymbidium Alexanderi, 209; A. aureum, 151 ; 
A. rubellum, 177; Butterfly, 132; Castor, 
131;  Coningsbyanum, 118;  eburneo- 
Lowianum, 4; Garnet, 204; Hanbury- 
anum, 40; Huttoni, 223; insigne album, 
172; Jasper, 204; Queen of Gatton, 113 ; 
Schlegelii, Fowler’s var., 143; Seamew, 
204. 

Cypripedium abnormal, 193; Aisne, 114; 
Alcibiades, 148; Arras, 114; Arthurianum 
Langley var., 118; Astarte, 57; bella- 
tulum, 124 ; Canopus, 181 ; Capt. 
Bouguereau, 114; Cavalier, 79; Con- 
stance, 16; Chfistopher var. Grand Duke 
Nicholas, 117;, Curtisii Sandere, 237; 
Desdemona, 148; Dixmude, 79; Dryad, 
15; Gordon Highlander, 80; Gypsy, 272; 
insigne, 65, 87, 148°; i. Gladys) 765) Io, 
16; Jason, 114; Julia, 114; Marne, 114; 
Maudiz, 146; Maurice, 151; Merope, 
178; Monte, 114; Nieuport, 113; Nirvina, 
69; CEnanthum Ginoti, 242; pictum, 15; 
Pyramus Chardwar Ideal, 117; Rheims, 
114; Rosemary, 113; Ruby Queen, 79; 
Seaforth Highlander, 113; Sinbad, 223; 
Stonei, 19; swintonense, 162; Warnham 
Fairy, 272; Ypres; 709. 

Davidson Cup, 207. 

Day’s Orchid Drawings, 182. 

Dendrobium Bensoniz, 58; Buttercup, 162; 
Butterfly, 162; crepidatum album, 216; 
crassinode, 44; dixanthum, 215; Farmeri, 
275; Miss Florence E. King, 162; nobile 
album, 145; notes, 251; speciosum, 106; 
thyrsiflorum, 272; Tofftii, 53; triumph, 
41, 119; Williamsianum, 217; Wellesley, 
193; Yellow Bird, 162; Zeno, 182. 

Dendrobiums at Pembury, 152. 

Diches from Costa Rica, 40. 

Disa Blackii, 214; nigerica, 8. 

Douglas’ Journal, r2t. 

Early Notes, 19. 

Early reminiscences of Orchid growing, 136, 
Site 

Epidendrum Clarissa, 85; elegantulum, 85; 
Endresii, 84; fragrocarpum, 258; Wallisii, 
82; xanthinum, 08. 

Eria pannea, 244. 

Exchange, an Orchid, 125. 

Fungus, 74. 

Galeandra Devoniana, 5. 

Gatton Park, Surrey, 154. 

Giant Orchid, 76. 

Grammatophyllum speciosum, 76. 

Habenaria Susanne, 10. 


[September, 1915. 


Habitats of Orchids, 127. 

Hemipilia amethystina, 3. 

Hybrids, a new list of, 247. 

Inflorescence, evolution of, 25. 

Ione flavescens, 108. 

Java, Orchid culture in, rot. 

Jules Hye de Crom, 97. 

Lelia ancibarina, 114; Latona, 210; pumila 
alba, 46; Tendrana, 132; teneflava, 132. 

Leelio-Cattleya Anaconda, 204, 214; Apricosa, 
224; Atina, 57; Attica, 57; aurata, 132; 
Beatrice, 162; Belgica, 113; Britannia 
Melanie, 46; Brutus, 40; Canhamiana, 
Fowler’s var., 239; Chamberlainiana, 182; 
Coralie, 204; Cortez, 204, 210; Cortuna, 
258;  Czarina, 132; Domiallis, 224; 
Eldorado, 204; elegans, 2; Emmeline, 
258; Euryalus, 57; Fascinator—Mossize 
var. Imogene, 214; Firenze, 132; flammea, 
162; General Allenby, 80; Goldflake, 204, 
210; Gold Star, 213; Hadrian, 204; 
Helius, 214; Isabel, 114; Isabel Sander, 
Gatton Park var., 190; Ivanhoe, 203; 
Jacinth, 204; J. .F. Birkbeck, Fowler’s 
var., 188; Jonyra, 132; Lady Oliphant, 
46; Leda, 258; Miss Dorothy Bushell, 
57; Mrs. Evelyn Norrie, 45; Mrs. Harold 
King, 272; Neleus var. Sunspot, 69; 
Nena, 189, 204; Nestor, 58; Nimrod, 204; 
Nysiata, 58; Orpheus, 113; Pallas, 14 ; 
Panama, 181; Patheus, 41; Paruda, 41; 
Pirus, 40; primulina, 80; Priola, 4o; 
Probus, 40; Promethus, 181; Pronax, 
40; Pylos, 40; Queen Elizabeth, 113; 
Raphael, 57; Rhenus, 80; Robertsoniz, 
131; Roger Sander, 224; Sibyl, Low’s 
var., 213; Sir Douglas Haig, 80, 94; 
Sylph, 272; Stelis, 40; Transylvania, 213 ; 
Teucra, 224; Tydeus, 132; Thyone, 
McBean’s var., 23; Uranus, 79; Vul- 
canus, 80; Yellow Bird, 181. 

Leptotes bicolor, 177. 

Light, effect of, on seedlings, 97; relation of, 
to greenhouse culture, 20. 

Lycaste aromatica, 170; Arthuriana, 272; 
Janete, 166. 

Manchester Orchid Society, 24, 47, 71, 95, 
120, 144, 167, I91, 214, 240, 264, 285. 

Masdevallia bella, 184; ignea, 218; muscosa 
33; racemosa, 259; Schlimii, 216. 

Maxillaria Fletcheriana, 8; luteo-alba, 177 ; 
Sanderiana, 134. 

Microstylis Andersonii, 7. 

Miltonia Hye, 145; Hyeana var. F. M. 
Ogilvie, 198, 213; Warscewiczii, 122. 

Miltonioda Harwoodii, 231. 

Nomenclature, 197. 

Notes, 1, 25, 49, 73, 97, 121, 145, 169, 193, 
217, 241, 265. 

Obituary: Louis Forget, 266; J. C. Harvey, 
111; G. Hunter, 198; W. B. Latham, 74. 

Odontioda Chantecleer, 243; Cereus, 252; 


September, 1915. ] THE ORCHID 
Clarissa, 258; Colmaniz, 204, 213; 
crispilia, 15; Edith Hodgson, 258, 


Gladys, 163, 173; Grand Monarch, 210; 
H. Worsley, 223; illustris, 210; Irene, 
211; Lady Colman, 163; levetzliana, 
276; Lambeauiana var. Nellie, 214; 
Latona, Fowler’s var., 99; Madeline var. 
sola, 16; Mancunia, 181; Nebula, 181; 
Nirvana, 272; Patricia, 143; Princess 
Mary, 221; Redwing, 258; Red Cross, 
239, 258; Ruth G. Worsley, 162; Simone, 
131; Sultan, 163; Sunbeam, 204, 223; 
The Prince, 258;: Vivid, 132; vivicans, 
204; West Point Beauty, 162; Ypres, 204. 
Odontoglossum Admiral, 163; Adrieum, 181 ; 
Adrixia, 175; Aglaon, Orchidhurst var., 
213; Alhambra, 29; Amethyst, 271 ; 
Amonilla, 35; Ariel, 163; ardentissimum, 
178; Ardennes, 182; aspersum, 150; 
Atropos, 153; Beatrice, 203 ; cerissimum, 
272; Cervantesii decorum, 100; cirrhosum, 
209; citrosmum, 105; Clotho, 108; 
Clotilde, 204; Clovis, 182; crispum, 277 ; 
cs ~Genstance, ‘1005 °c.4. Ireney, . 224°; 
ey lilacmum, 775 <'e. Millie: os2, -.705 
c. Perfect Gem, 238; c. Shuttleworthii, 
99; c. The Baroness, 250; c. Queen of 
the Belgians, 195, 214; crispillia, 85 ; 
crispothell, 152; Cunnynham, 58; Dora, 
270; Dunkerque, 132; Edwardimium, 
126, 163; Evelyn, 258; eximium King of 
the Belgians, 267; e. xanthotes, 118; 
excelator, 152; Facisolon, 223; Farnesii, 
163; Glycon, 56; grande, 50; Georgius 
Rex, 244; Hannibal, 56; harvengtense, 
150; Harwoodii, 198; Herculaneum, 150; 
Hunnewellianum citrinum, 172; Iago, 
iy 3) Mlustrissimum,~ 271 >. frene, 69; 
Insleayi, 169; Lachesis, 153; Laurence 
Bresson, 182; Leviathan, 189; Lobbia, 
205; maculum, 162; Mars, 188; Menier 
var. St. Vincent, 238; Messalina, 111; 
Milan, 258; Mirabeau, 75; mirum, 179; 
nzvium, 177; nevross, 113; Nancy, 181; 
Oerstedii, 171; Othmarschen, 186; 
Panama, 181; Phillipsianum, 182 ; 
Primulinum, 131; Princess Mary, 213, 
237; promerens album, 194; Rayonatum, 
182; Roma, 56; Rosalind, 204; St. Eloi, 
181 ; sandhurstiense, 143; Syrinx, 172; 
triumphans, 232; Uro-excellens, 41; 
Vulture, 114; Wallisii, 176; Wilchello, 
258; wylamense, 258; Ypres, 113; 
Zygus, 56. 
Odontonia Cholletii, 71; Kaffir Queen, 272; 
Magali Sander var. xanthotes, 46, 49. 
Oncidioda Cooksonia, 178; waltonensis, 162. 
Oncidium anthrocene, 200; Ballii, 2; Caven- 
dishianum, 280; corynephorum, 268 ; 
excavatum, 275 ; flexuosum, 15; Gardneri, 
178; Leopoldianum, 268; Kramerianum, 


WORLD. 287 


185; macranthum, 114; Marshallianum, 
215; McBeanianum, 202; microchilum, 
170; patulum, 125; phymatochilum, 194 ; 
porrigens, 28; sarcodes, 187; splendidum, 
88; superbiens, 114; varicosum, 26, 51. 

Orchids at Berkeley, California, 248; Bound 
Brook) Urs-.Ay, 91; Camden Park, 
Tunbridge Wells, 206; Chelsea, 199; 
Cheltenham, 86; Putney, 236; Rochester, 
U.S.A., 122; of Shikotan, 25; Mamaro- 
neck, U.S.A., 128; The Nook, Maidstone, 
54; Tunbridge Wells, 33 ; Walton Grange, 
Lot: ; 

Ornithocephalus grandiflorus, 123. 

Paintings, historic, 196. 

Panama Exhibition, 188. 

Parthenogenesis, 265. 

Peloria, 241. 

Peristeria elata, 276, 

Phalenopsis Sehilleriana, 3; sumatrana alba, 
146. 

Platyclinis glumacea, 280. 

Plea for more Orchid growing, 53, 78, 104, 127. 

Pleiones, 102. 

Pleurothallis Lankesteri, 7. 

Polystachya Hislopii, 108. 

Renanthera pulchella, 8. 

Retarding Orchids, 112. 

Rhynchostylis coelestis, 219. 

Royal Horticultural Society, 23, 45, 69, 93, 
Mie Ae Ob Oop eal i. 2nd, 2277, 201,253. 

R.H.S. Awards, 175, 265; exhibitions, 171, 
197. 

Saccolabium bellinum, 131. 

Salep, 2. 

Sarcochilus Berkeleyi, 147; Fitzgeraldi, 147. 

Sarcopodium suberectum, 7. 

Schomburgkia tibicinis, 29. 

Scuticaria Steelei, 36. 

Seed raising for amateurs, 139, 163. 

Seventy years ago, 218. 

Sophro-Cattleya Andromeda, 132; Annette, 
80; Ariadne, 41 ; Dorea, 114; Loddigesii, 
182; November, 58, 70; Pearl, 58. 

Sophrocattlelia Rienzi, 204; Sunloch, 150. 

Sophro-Lelia Felicia, Fowler’s var., 69. 

Spiranthes autumnalis, 1. 

Staging, 205, 218, 219, 242. 

Stanhopea saccata, 52; tigrina, 241. 

Stanhopeas, 103. 

Stenoglottis longifolia, 74. 

Stray seedlings, 146. 

Thermometers, 44. 

Thunias, 252. 

Vanda cristata, 173; Denisoniana, 177; 
Hookeriana, 8; Parishii, 252; Roxburghii, 
217 ; Sanderiana, 52, 201; teres, 134. 

Watering, art of, 256. 

White, medal of honour, 28. 

Yellow Cattleyas, 30; Orchids, 121. 

Zygopetalum Blackii, 41; Prainianum, 108. 


288 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


“rides virens, 92. 

Ancistrochilus Thomsonianus, 37. 

Angrecum caudatum, 260. 

Anguloa Ruckeri, 12. 

Arachnanthe Cathcartii, 254. 

Ashtead Park, Surrey, 227. 

Barkeria elegans, 39; 
Skinneri, 39. 

Bouquet of Orchids, 109. 

Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonii ‘‘ The Globe,’’ 226. 

Cattleya labiata 8-flowered spike, 50; Luedde- 
manniana Stanleyi, 110; Maggie Raphael 
alba, 34; Mossize at Berkeley, California, 
249 ; Queen of the Belgians, 225; Skinneri, 
59; Iriane “Lord Kitchener,” 130; 
Warscewiczii “‘ Frau Melanie Beyrodt,’’ 
180. 

Cattheyas at Mamaroneck, N.J., U.S.A., 129. 

Cirrhopetalum robustum, 235. 

Ceelogyne cristata, 63; pandurata, 207; 
tomentosa, 64; Veitchii, 81. 

Cymbidium Alexanderi ‘* Fowler’s var.,’’ 2 
eburneo-Lowianum, 4; MHuttonii, 222; 
Tracyanum, 22. 

Cypripedium bellatulum, 124; Constance var. 
James H. Veitch, 17; Desdemona 
‘“ Haddon House var.,’’ 149; Godefroye 
leucochilum Hodgkinsoni, 28; _ hirsutis- 
simum, 67; Io, 17; seedlings, 140, 141 ; 
Stonei platyteenium, 19. 

Dendrobium Bensoniz, 60; bigibbum ‘‘ Lady 
Colman,’’ 157;  Brymerianum, 132; 
crassinode, 43, 234; Farmeri, 274; Lady 
Colman, 160; seedlings, 164, 165; 
speciosum Hillii, 107; thyrsiflorum, 273. 

Epidendrum elegantulum, 84; Endresii, 84; 
Wallisii, 83; xanthinum, 98. 

Galeandra Devoniana, 5. 

Gatton House, 154, 155. 

Habenaria Susanne, I1. 

Leelio-Cattleya  luminosa 
Pallas, 14; Sunstar, 32. 

Lycaste aromatica, 170; Skinneri, 246. 

Masdevallia bella, 184 ; Chimera, 82; ignea, 


Lindleyanum, 39 ; 


/ Canary, > 3: 


[September, 1915. 


218; racemosa, 259; Schlimii, 216; 
Veitchiana, 21. 

Maxillaria Sanderiana, 133. 

Miltonioda Harwoodii, 231. 

Odontioda Bradshawie ‘‘ Gatton Park var.,’ 
159; B. “ Lady Colman,’’ 156; Chante- 
cleer ‘‘Orchidhurst var.,’’ 243 ; Cooksoniz 
‘“ Fowler’s var.,’’ 243; gattoniensis, 161 ; 
Gladys, 173; Latona ‘‘Fowler’s var.,’’ 99 ; 
Princess Mary, 221; Zenobia, 174. 

Odontoglossum Amethyst, 271; Canary, 230; 
cirrhosum, 209; citrosmum, “105, 106; 
crispum, 281; c. Black Knight, 228; 
c. Constance, 100; c. Olive, 196; c. 
Queen of the Belgians, 195; c. The 
Baroness, 250; Dora, 270; eximium King 
of the Belgians, 267; Georgius Rex, 
244; harvengtense Crawshayanum, 233; 
Harwoodii, 198 ; Herculaneum, 150; illus- 
trissimum, 271; Lambeauianum ‘ Harry 
Goodson,’’ 236; Mirabeau var. Mastiff, 
75; mirum The Dell var., 179; Mogul, 27 ; 
Oerstedii, 171; Othmarschen, 186 ; trium- 
phans, 232; Queen of Gatton, 158. 

Oncidium Cavendishianum, 280; coryne- 
phorum, 269; excavatum, 275; Leo- 
poldianum, 268; Kramerianum, 185 ; 
macranthum, 115, 203; Marshallianum, 
215; McBeanianum, 202; phymatochilum, 
194; sarcodes, 187; splendidum, 89; 
superbiens, 203 ; varicosum, 51. 

Orchid collection of E. H. Andriesse, Java, 101. 

Ornithocephalus grandiflorus, 123. 

Peristeria elata, 276. 

Phalenopsis Schilleriana, 245; violacea, 231. 

Platyclinis glumacea, 282. 

Rhynchostylis coelestis, 220. 

Saccolabium bellinum, 131. 

Sarcochilus Berkeleyi, 147 ; Fitzgeraldi, 148. 

Scuticaria Steelei, 38. 

Seed, of Cypripedium, 139; of Selenipedium, 
iG: 

Stanhopea Wardii, column and lip of, 103. 

Thermometer, 45. 

Vanda Hookeriana, 9; Parishii Marriottiana, 
253; Sanderiana, 52, 201; teres, 135, 


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