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HARVARD UNIVERSITY 


LIBRARY 


OF THE 


GRAY HERBARIUM 


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ORCHID WORLD. 


A Monthly Illustrated Journal entirely devoted 
to Orchidology. 


EDITED BY 


GURNEY WILSON, F.L.S., 


Member of the Scientific and Orchid Committees of the 
Royal Horticultural Society. 


VOR. VI. 


With many Illustrations. 


HAYWARDS HEATH, SUSSEX. 
1916. 


NORMAN & CO., 


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PRINTERS, 


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| THE ORCHID WORLD. i] 


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NOT ES. 


BLENHEIM PALACE COLLECTION.—Mr. F. 
Cooke, who has recently been appointed 
Orchid grower to his Grace the Duke of 
Marlborough, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, 
first made his acquaintance with Orchids 
when at Sevenoaks, where his father, Mr. 
Sidney Cooke, had charge of Mr. de Barri 
Crawshay’s collection from 1881-1901. After 
spending some years in the employ of Messrs. 
Sander and Sons, Mr. F. Cooke went to 
Lynford Hall, Mundford, Norfolk, where he 
was engaged in the cultivation of Orchids 
until his present appointment. 


R.H.S. AWARDS.—Having visited many of 
the R.H.S. meetings, as well as the important 
provincial shows, I know the eagerness with 
which exhibitors await the awards of the 
judges, and the pleasure produced when an 
award card is duly placed on their plant. But 
the owner probably receives the greatest 
recompense in knowing that the public are 
thus made acquainted with the meritorious 
condition of his exhibit ; to wait until the end 
of the day before issuing the awards is to rob 
them of more than half their value. Now 
that the R.H.S. contemplate revising the 
awards for rare and interesting species it is to 
be hoped some means may be adopted 
whereby these can be dealt with during the 
early part of the day. As it now is, the 
Botanical Certificate loses much of its value, 
for the Scientific Committee, to whom it is 
entrusted, do not sit until 4 p.m., with the 
result that the award card is not issued until 
the majority of the visitors have left the 
exhibition.—A. W. 


VOL. VI. 


OBITUARY.—We regret to record the death 
of Mr. F. W. Ashton, a well-known member 
of the Orchid trade. Many years ago he was 
connected with Messrs. Lewis and Co., 
Southgate, and on the dissolution of this 
firm in 1898 the business was carried on 
under the style of Stanley Mobbs and 
Ashton, but in 1905 he severed his connection 
and accepted an engagement with Messrs. 
Hugh Low and Co., as Orchid representative 
and traveller. In April, 1911, Mr. Ashton 
set up for himself as a_ horticultural 
commission agent, but continued ill-health 
prevented him following this vocation with 
success. 


RAPID GROWTH.—That some 
grow much quicker than others is a well- 
known fact, and a general consideration will 
show that the flowering stage of nearly all 
hybrids is now reached in a very much shorter 


hybrids 


period than was required years ago when the 
art of seed-raising was in its infancy. All 
this has been brought about by a_ better 
knowledge of the plant’s requirements, with 
corresponding attention on the part of those 
A notable 
instance may be recorded in a batch of 
Cattleya Adula (bicolor x Hardyana) raised 
Hassall and Co., from two 
The cross was made 


engaged in the practical work. 


by Messrs. 
remarkably fine parents. 
a little less than four years ago, the pod 
taking just seven months to ripen, thus 
leaving three years and four months for the 
plants to arrive at the flowering stage. 
Several of the strongest have 
produced meritorious flowers, 


already 
which will 


8 


I 


to 


doubtless be even finer the following season. 
It is of interest to note the bicolor used was 
the same plant which yielded the beautiful 
Cattleya iridescens (bicolor x Eldorado), 
another of Messrs. Hassall and Co.’s attractive 
novelties. 


ye 
iss 
AS 
Ke 
AS 
Ke 


CYPRIPEDIUM PAPUANUM.—Among the 
plants collected on Dr. Wollaston’s recent 
expedition to Dutch New Guinea is a new 
Cypripedium which Mr. H. N. Ridley, who 
worked out the collection, has named C. 
papuanum. The Gardeners’ Chronicle, in its 
issue of August 28th, 1915, contains a 
photographic illustration of the plant and 
flower as it appeared in the Hon. N. C. 
Rothschild’s garden at Ashton Wold, Oundle. 
It is described as a small plant with thick, 
leathery, tessellated leaves and a tall single- 
flowered scape. The colour of the flower is a 
rather dull crimson tinged with green or 
greenish-yellow. It is evidently nearly allied 
to C. violascens, recently described by 
Schlechter, which differs in the colour of the 
flower, relative proportions of sepals and 
petals, and in having larger leaves. Dr. A. B. 
Rendle, the author of the note, concludes with 
a detailed description, in English, to which 1s 
appended Mr. Ridley’s diagnosis in Latin. 


vy ¥y 4 
“EE “GY % 


VANDAS AT BRIDGE HALL, BURY.—There 
are a few Orchids that always give the 
grower more or less anxiety, and among 
them may be included V. coerulea and V. 
Sanderiana, which only in rare instances 
flourish with healthy vigorousness. In 
Mr. O. O. Wrigley’s collection at Bridge 
Hall, Bury, quite a Vanda exhibition has 
been in existence during the last few weeks, 
as many as three dozen spikes being in 
perfection at the same time, while about a 
dozen smaller spikes were removed so that 
the plants should not be unnecessarily 
weakened. When these flowers were 
exhibited at the Manchester Orchid Society, 
September 2nd, 1915, a Special Vote of 
Thanks was accorded the owner, while 


DHE VORCHIDEWWORED: 


|October, 1915. 


Mr. E. Rogers, the able cultivator, received 
a First-class Cultural Certificate. It has 
been our pleasure to receive examples of 
the above, one spike of coerulea with 15 
and a second with 13 richly coloured flowers, 
the largest across, 
The glorious V. Sanderiana is also well 


measuring 4 inches 


cultivated; in fact, Mr. Rogers is of opinion 
that this species is much easier to cultivate 
than V. coerulea. Four plants are in the 
Bridge Hall collection, and each season they 
produce three or four handsome spikes. 
The specimens kindly sent fully prove what 
a gorgeous sight a well-grown plant must be. 


ay AN ay 


PRESERVING FLOWERS.—What promises 
to be a useful method of preserving flowers 
and at the same time retaining their colours 
is described by Dr. Claud F. Fothergill in the 
R.ES. = Journal, Vol. El, p. 4on tie 
following extract explains the operation :— 
“Absorbent cotton-wool is placed in three 
layers, forming two compartments, between 
two grids, so to say, consisting of a wire 
meshwork with half-inch squares, rather more 
or less, with a heavy encircling band. The 
necessary pressure is obtained by fastening 
one or two straps, preferably of webbing, 
around the .grids and tightening them as 
required. The flowers to be pressed and 
dried are placed between the layers of cotton- 
wool; more than three layers should not be 
used, otherwise insufficient heat and air reach 
the flowers, and the drying being delayed a 
bad result is obtained. The whole press, 
consisting of cotton-wool containing the 
flowers, the two grids, and encircling straps, 
is suspended in front of a hot fire, or when 
the weather is fine out of doors in the air, in 
the hottest possible sun. The success of the 
method is due to the process of drying being 
so rapid that the pigment is fixed instead of 
being slowly decomposed. By the old 
blotting-paper and boards method it took 
some four to six weeks before the dried 
specimen was obtained, and involved the 
laborious work of changing and drying the 
blotting-paper, and naturally the pigment had 
slowly decayed meanwhile.” 


October, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 


o>) 


Odontoglossum ardentissimum var. Ebor. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM ARDENTISSIMUM.— Very 
few hybrids have enjoyed so much popularity 
as this one, of which the parents are crispum 
and Pescatorei. The above illustration depicts 
the variety Ebor, exhibited by Baron Bruno 
Schréder at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
February 4th, 1913, when it received a 
First-class Certificate. The spike carried 21 
large flowers effectively spotted and blotched 
with claret-purple. Our block is reproduced 
from the Society’s /owrnal. 


ORCHID COLLECTIONS FOR SALE—In 
our advertisement columns Messrs. A. J. 
Keeling and Sons announce the disposal of 
the Lackham collection, the property of 
Colin G. lL. Palmer, Icacock, Wilts, who: is 
obliged to relinquish the same owing to 
military duties; also the Laneside collection, 
formed by Mr. Wm. Riley, Great Harwood, 
Lancs., and containing some choice home- 
raised Odontoglossums. Catalogues and full 
particulars may be had post free. 


4 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[October, 1915. 


Zygopetalum Burtii. 


ZYGOPETALUM BURTII. 


HIS handsome species, often cultivated 
under the name Batemania Burtu, 
was originally discovered by Endres 

in 1867 in Costa Rica, and shortly afterwards 
imported by Messrs. Veitch. It flowered for 
the first time in England in the collection of 
Mr. B. Hume, at Winterton, Norfolk, in the 
summer of 1872. 

The plant is without pseudo-bulbs, but has 
numerous leaves, 10-15 inches long. The 
fleshy flower has the sepals and petals of 
about equal size, which are white at the base, 
then yellow, the apical half red-brown with 
some yellow spots, the petals with some 
crimson-purple streaks at the base. The 
basal half of the labellum white, the apical 
portion red-brown; the crest consists of a 
semi-circular white plate fringed with long, 
narrow, light purple incurved teeth; the 


column winged and hooded, with the margin 
jagged, pale green with a purple spot on each 
side of the stigma. 

Z. Burtu cannot be considered an easy 
species to cultivate, 
experienced results are 
obtained. The following account of the 
climate of Costa Rica, sent to the Gardeners’ 
Chronicle (Vol. XX., p. 599) by Richd. Pfau, 
an Orchid collector in Central America, 
suggests the treatment necessary :— 

“ The; temperature: of . (Costa) Ricans 
remarkable for its equability, especially for 
the minima which are reached every day just 
before sunrise. At my station the maximum 
was 26° C. (79° F.) by day, and never below 
15° C. (60° F.) by night. In the mountain 
region the temperature is about 2° C. less for 
every 1,000 feet elevation. The temperature 
is about the same all through the rainy 
season, and even in the dry season the 


although when in 
hands’ excellent 


October, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 6 


difference is only about 1° C. The greatest 
heat observed in the dry season at an altitude 
of over 3,000 feet was 30° C. (86° F.) in 
March, 1881. 
Atlantic it rains every day in the year; on 


On the slopes facing the 


the slopes facing the Pacific there is a dry 
and a rainy season, the rainy season lasting 
from May till November, the remaining part 
of the year being absolutely dry. During the 
rainy season the atmosphere is saturated with 
moisture. At other times the north wind 
dries up everything, but the nights are 
nevertheless very damp; the dew 1s exceed- 
ingly heavy at all times’ of the year. 
Pescatoreas, Bolleas and Warscewiczellas 
grow in the dark shadows of the virgin forest 
on stones or on stems and lower branches of 
trees; these require shade, too much lght 
would kill them.” 


ORCHID CULTURE. IN 1850: 


HE following interesting notes are 
extracted from Moore and Ayres’ 
Magazine of Botany, 1850 :— 

“Most people who take an interest in 
horticultural affairs have heard of the 
magnificent specimens of Phalaenopsis 
amabilis sent from Java by Mr. Fortune 
to the Horticultural Society’s Garden at 
Chiswick; also of Mr. Hartweg’s splendid 
mass of Lelia superbiens, which has long 
decorated the entrance to the curvilinear 
stove, and of Dendrobium speciosum growing 
in the old Pine stove. 

“The Phalaenopsis amabilis is growing 
upon a large block of wood and had nearly 
fifty of its large waxy pure white flowers fully 
developed, with hundreds of buds in various 
stages of growth. The plant was suspended 
from a rafter at the cool end of the house, 
and, as a matter of course, was in superb 
health. In the same house we also noticed 
Dendrobium discolor, a not very attractive 
species from New Holland, and of coarse 


VOL. VI. 


erowth; D. cucullatum, with pendent pseudo- 
bulbs and simple but gay flowers; and a 
remarkably fine variety of Oncidium Caven- 
dishianum. It has rarely been our pleasure 
to see a collection of Orchids in such splendid 
condition. Not an unhealthy plant is to be 
seen, and every part of the plants, the stages, 
pots, and house are as clean as the most 
fastidious could desire. 

“In the curvilinear stove house _ the 
monstrous plant of Laelia superbiens presented 
a most gorgeous appearance, rivetting the 
attention and bidding the wondering 
wanderer stand. hose who have been to the 
great exhibitions have seen gorgeous sights 
in the Orchid tents, but they never saw 
anything so truly and decidedly grand as this 
novel plant. Suspended upon a huge branch, 
just at the proper height to bring the flowers 
upon a level with the head of the spectator 
on entering the house, the flowers were shown 
to great advantage. The plant, which 1s of 
great size, came originally from Guatemala, 
whence it was sent by the Society’s collector, 
Mr. Hartweg; and there the poor Indians 
collect the flowers to decorate their cottages. 
The plant in question is 6 feet in diameter, 
and the flower stems were 9 feet in height, 
of which there were nine averaging ten 
flowers each ; each of the flowers was several 
inches in diameter, and of a mixture of 
white, lilac, crimson and orange colours. 

“ Passing to the old Pine stove we find the 
plant of Dendrobium speciosum. This comes 
from New Holland, and has been grown to 
its present size in the garden of the Society ; 
it was growing in a pot, and was 0 feet in 
diameter; bore 18 noble spikes of flowers, 
each spike averaging from 70 to 80 flowers. 
It is true this number is very much less than 
the number of spikes produced by the Rev. 
Mr. Chawner’s plant, but the flowers here 
were much finer, of better colour, and 
altogether in more healthy condition. 

“A singular Orchid, Spiranthes cerina, was 
producing a quantity of dull brown flowers, 
and its beautiful foliage was just beginning 
to form. With this we also noticed Lycaste 
cruenta, and the singular pale green-flowered 
species L. ciliata.” 


iS) 


6 THE ORCHID me yWiO RIED: 


CATTLEYAS FOR CUT FEOWERS 


T is a well established fact that the trade 
for Orchid bloom has not suffered 
to the same extent as that of many 

other classes of flowers at the hands of the 
price-cutting competitor ; for the greater part 
of the year the demand for first-class Cattleya 
blooms is in excess of the supply. Certain it 
is that there are periods when returns are 
lower than usual, as, for instance, at the height 
of the flowering season of Cattleya Mossie, 
but, as a rule, this state of things does not 
last for long, and when once the back of this 
crop is broken there 1s a rise to the normal 
and more satisfactory prices. 

The cause of this fall is, no doubt, the great 
quantity of flowers of this particular species 
that find their way into the markets, mainly 
due to the large importations of collected 
pieces which have reached these shores during 
recent years, often to be sold at very low 
figures, thus causing a glut of flowers in their 
season. But even then it is a question 
whether the crop is not remunerative. It is 
seidom that a lower figure than 6s. per dozen 
is reached even on a chance sale, and although 
cases have been known where returns have 
been lower than this they can only be 
reckoned as rare exceptions. 

Anyone contemplating taking up this 
interesting and attractive branch of the trade 
would do well to pay very careful attention to 
the stocking of the houses, for by this means 
only can the desired result be brought about. 
No haphazard buying of plants must be 
tolerated, but each purchase be made in 
accordance with a fixed plan of getting 
tozether such a stock of plants, both species 
and hybrids, as will maintain a regular and 
even supply of flowers throughout the year. 
This is one of the chief items towards 
establishing and holding a successful market 
and shop trade; the grower should, by 
careful selection, build up his stock in 
accordance with this idea. 

Although it is upon species that we must 
rely for the bulk of flowers, yet judicious 
selections of quantities of hybrids should be 
introduced with a view to filling in the 


autumn and winter months. 


[October, 1915. 


otherwise inevitable blank periods between 
the respective flowering seasons. Such 
hybrids may be picked up very reasonably 
now, as owing to the great advance made by 
hybridists during recent years many of the 
one-time good things are of little more value 
than ordinary Lela and Cattleya species. 
Strong and healthy pieces only should be 
purchased, whether established or freshly 
imported, and it is advisable to invest as much 
as possible in imported stuff, for there 1s 
always the chance of getting one or two 
really good things, which, if well disposed of, 
might pay for the whole consignment or a 
large part thereof. 

Toa large extent the sale for Orchid bloom 
is a bespoke trade, and, speaking generally, 
there is room for a better supply during the 
It is at these 
periods and during early spring that prices 
rule higher than otherwise. A good stock of 
Cattleya Gaskelliana, labiata, Triane, and 
any hybrids flowering about the same time, 
should be grown. As regards prices realised 
for individual species, Cattleya Warscewiczii 
(C. gigas of the trade) takes the lead, although 
this good point is handicapped by its shyness 
of flowering. The variety Sanderiana is more 
free in this respect than the type. One great 
mistake made with this species by many 
amateurs is the use of too heavy shading 
material during the growing and flowering 
periods. When the growths are well advanced 
only sufficient shade to prevent actual 
scorching of the foliage should be applied, 
and all means employed to obtain that hard 
and leathery texture of both pseudo-bulbs and 
leaves as is seen on newly imported 
plants. This condition can only be brought 
about by thorough ripening with a maximum 
of air and light. Therefore, this species 
should be allotted either a separate house or 
a complete portion of one. Other plants, less 
adapted to withstanding such extremes, can 
then receive their requisite treatment. I make 
no pretence at giving any very explicit 
instructions as to growing Cattleyas, but I 
would like, ex passant, to record an opinion 
that many a man, otherwise a first-class 
grower, 1s far too lavish with his shading and 


October, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 7 


watering pot. In justification of this state- 
ment I would call attention to the weak and 
sappy nature of a large proportion of the 
plants offered for sale in our Orchid auction 
rooms. 

Many Leelio-Cattleyas, apart from their 
usefulness as inter-season flowering plants, 
are strongly recommended on account of their 
floriferous nature, as, for instance, many 
Lela purpurata hybrids, of which callisto- 
glossa and Canhamiana are well-known 
examples. It 1s advisable to avoid any large 
quantities of species or hybrids of other 
colours than mauve, pink, or white with 
coloured lips, for which there is always a sure 
demand at one price or another, whereas 
yellow and similar shades are more often than 
not a chance trade pure and simple. Cattleya 
Dowiana and C. aurea might, perhaps, be 
classed as an exception to this rule, as they 
generally sell on sight, but it is questionable 
whether there would ever be that sure 
demand for this gorgeous member of the 
aristocracy of the floral world as exists for 
those of mauve tints.—A. R. M. 


OVER-POT TING: 


HE question of over-potting is, perhaps, 
more far-reaching in its effects in 
regard to Orchidaceous plants than 

to any class of pot-plant. It is also more 
applicable to the epiphytal than to the terres- 
trial section of these wonderful denizens of 
almost all parts of the earth. 

The term over-potting is not so much 
applicable to the size of the pot as to the 
quantity of compost which it contains, 
whether the excess be in regard to breadth, 
or depth, or both combined. The subsequent 
harm does not arrive in the mere provision of 
this over-supply of rooting material, but in its 
effects upon the after treatment of the plant 
in regard to watering and the getting rid of 
excessive moisture. 

To the grower who has studied his plants 
this should be easily apparent, for when one 
considers the rapidity with which all surplus 
water must disappear from the roots of such 


epiphytal subjects when under natural 
conditions, it should be readily conceivable 
that any superabundance of moisture retaining 
material about the roots must have a 
detrimental effect. 

Many a grower understands this and 
applies it in practice with regard to the size 
of the pots he uses, and yet fails to see its 
application in regard to the depth of the 
material, capable of holding moisture for any 
length of time, which he places therein. 

It should be evident that even if plants are 
cver-potted in regard to the size of the pots, 
the question of harm resulting through any 
stagnation of moisture must depend largely 
upon the depth of the material liable to cause 
such a state, its texture and the extent of the 
root action of the plant in regard thereto. 
Therefore, provided the compost be of 
shallow depth and open nature, and the root 
action of the plant vigorous, little harm is 
likely to accrue from the use of pots of 
too large a size, other than the general 
unsightliness that attaches to such treatment. 

There can scarcely be any hard and fast 
rule laid down with regard to this question of 
potting any more than to watering, since each 
is to a large extent dependent on the other, 
and both upon the condition of the plant at 
the roots, but a little thought in regard to all 
three conditions should serve to guide the 
grower to a well balanced and _ successful 
application of both points under consideration. 

One fact particularly worthy of note is the 
rapidity with which a period of dryness at the 
root will cause fresh roots to appear, and also 
the equal rapidity with which any stagnation 
of moisture will cause them to rot. The fact 
should never be lost sight of that the confining 
of the roots of epiphytes into small spaces 1s 
quite in contrast to their natural conditions, 
and as evidence of the rapid drainage which 
they enjoy when so enclosed one has but to 
note the manner in which they will cling to 
the sides of the pot and ramble amongst the 
drainage material rather than endure the less 
rapid drainage of the potting compost itself. 

In the light of these facts it should be 
readily understood that the smaller the 
receptacle used the less danger is there of the 


5 THE ORCHID WORLD: 


potting material retaining moisture for 
excessive periods, provided, of course, that 
the drainage is open and of sufficient depth. 
As a rough guidance to the attainment of a 
periodical sweeting of the material by drying- 
out, pots of such a size as to allow room for 
the formation of two new growths will be 
quite sufficient shift, while the depth of the 
potting compost need be no more than from 
one-third to one-half of that of the pot. 

Place the plant with its oldest growth close 
to the edge of the pot as no development 1s 
likely to take place from this portion, by so 
doing the active portion may be given room 
for development in far smaller pots than could 
otherwise be used.—Practical. 


A VISIT AND SOME 
REFER CHONS: 


RECENT visit to that Mecca of 

A Orchidists, Messrs. Armstrong and 

Brown's establishment at Tunbridge 

Wells, has revealed to the writer fresh 

beauties and many things of interest to the 
lover of Orchids. 

No matter the season one is always sure to 
find something to instruct and to admire. 
Although the present time is not the best of 
periods to select for the purpose of finding a 
galaxy of bloom yet there is evidence of 
plenty, to be followed by more and more as 
the weeks roll on. 

One cannot fail to note the distinct progress 


among the plants which find a home here—a 
temporary one with many it is true, for as 
soon as a seedling reveals some new charm of 
form or colour it is gone to find sanctuary 
elsewhere. Good things do not stay here 
long. But when I say good things where can 
we draw the line, for do not all Orchids come 
under that appellation, more or less? 

Some of the young hybrids are showing 
their first bloom, and Mr. Armstrong kindly 
pointed out a few of special interest, and 
amongst them I noted four real gems, viz., 
Odontoglossum amabile x Jasper, of very rich 
colouring and form, the apical half of the lip 


[October, 1915. 


pure white, the basal half showing the 
Harryanum influence—a striking flower. A 
strange break in colour is Odm. crispum x 
Oda. Charlesworthu ; it is bright olive-brown. 
A distinct advance is to be seen in Oda. 
Charlesworthii x Odm. ardentissimum, of a 
deep heliotrope, quite a baby yet, in a 2-inch 
pot. In another house is one of the finest 
O. crispum xanthotes ever seen, the purity of 
the white ground showing up the rich yellow 
spots. There is also a very fine variety of 
Miltonioda Harwoodu. 

The above alone serve to emphasize the 
extraordinary advance continually taking 
place, and makes one wonder where it is going 
to stop. Many gems, no doubt, lie as yet 
unseen, their lustre hidden in their infancy, 
like diamonds in the blue clay. What 
fascination lurks here to be revealed in due 
time. 

One noticed some very fine forms of 
Cattleya Iris, a beauty of former days and 
stillis, but out-distanced in the race. Cattleya 
Venus, too, in her varied loveliness: one form 
had quite a mottled lip, and another with 
dark crimson-purple which showed up the 
golden sepals and petals derived from C. 
aurea in perfect harmony, all vieing with each 
other to capture the eye. What can be more 
gorgeous than Leelio-Cattleya Geo. Wood- 
hams, a show in itself, and the honoured 
parent of many newer hybrids? 

The Sophro-Cattleyas, too, and their 
correlatives the Sophro-Lelias are here in 
hundreds; much is anticipated as_ their 
flowering stage approaches. I just missed 
seeing a Sophro-Cattleya which is reputed to 
be a great advance on anything yet seen in 
this section, and no doubt we shall hear more 
about this plant. How far in this section have 
we to travel before the limit is attained? Not 
far, I think, for their colouring gets richer and 
deeper. I have an idea—I may be wrong— 
that this family, the Sophro- and Lelio- 
Cattleyas, may some day land us into the 
“ Blues,” not of despondency or of melancholy, 
but as the forerunner of a new race to uplift 
our enthusiasm in fresh delights and possi- 
bilities. I think if it-comes (Ah, that “if,” 
what vast consequences are involved in that 


October, 1915. | CHE ORCHID WORLD: 9 


little word) it will be through the Sophro- 
Lelias. One never knows, the unexpected is 
always happening, and this axiom applies 
equally to things in nature as in other spheres. 
Take one instance, Chrysanthemums, the 
multitude of sports they have given. Why not 
in Orchids ? 

A housefull of seedlings, such as one sees 
here, may be compared to a victorious army, 
ever on the move, and surely here it obtains. 
The youthful progeny in all their vigour cry 
out for more elbow room, and new houses are 
in being to accommodate the growing army. 
Were it not for systematic procedure in 
dealing with these it would very soon be a 
case of the survival of the fittest, so many 
thousands of seedlings are there in all stages 
from the tiny dot to the sturdy full-grown 
plant ready to fulfil its purpose in producing 
the flower. Gems there are, no doubt, in 
number, if we consider their parentage, and 
who knows that amongst these youngsters 
there lurks unseen as yet a plant that may in 
its own good time take the Orchid world by 
storm (I beg pardon, Mr. Editor, but no joke 
is intended). 

Like many more of our horticultural 
establishments, large and small, the staff here 
has been depleted somewhat by the “call to 
arms,” workers who have left their homes and 
vocations to fight for King and Empire. May 
they soon return victorious to take up their 
former duties. Messrs. Armstrong and Brown 
have solved the difficulty for the time being 
by employing a few of the gentler sex for 
potting on the seedlings, and very aptly have 
they responded to what is desired in that 
direction. Mr. Armstrong showed me many 
plants recently potted by them, and certainly 
to all appearance with results quite 
professional. 

I fear I have trespassed, Mr. Editor, on 
your space, so perhaps I may be permitted at 
some future time to pen a few notes on the 
Cypripediums and other treasures which 
appear to be as thick as leaves in Vallam- 
brosa. The personal enjoyment derived from 
this visit and the welcome extended makes 
one eager for the next—H. A. Farmer, 
Tunbridge Wells. 


VOL. VI. 


SANDER’S LIST OF HYBRIDS. 


HE nomenclature of Orchids is a 
subject in which I have for many 


years taken a great interest. 

So long as our records were limited to 
species and varieties of species no great 
difficulty arose. Wrong names may have 
been given in the hurry of the moment, but 
these were in a short time discovered and put 
right, 

Very soon, however, growers found out 
that it was possible by the fertilisation of 
one species with another to raise hybrids 
embracing both the good and bad qualities of 
their parents. Of these qualities, to use a 
Mendelian phrase, the latter was found to be 
dominant and the former recessive; but, 
nevertheless, by reason of the amateur 
purchasing fine varieties the former survived 
and the latter were dispensed with. 

A second step forward was made when it 
was found that these hybrids could also be 
fertilised not only with species, but also with 
other hybrids, to an almost indefinite extent. 
But here again it was found that the recessive 
quality was rarer than in the first step, but 
still many good results were obtained. 

The third step forward was made when it 
was discovered that certain genera could be 
fertilised by other closely allied genera, and 
few who saw it will forget the admiration, 
astonishment, and food for thought caused 
by the exhibition of the first plant of 
Odontioda at the Temple Show of the Royal 
Horticultural Society in the year 1904. 

The subject is too large a one to introduce 
in the foreword of a book of reference, but [ 
have referred to the matter thus shortly so as 
to draw attention to the difficulties which 
have arisen and which are continually arising 
in the naming of the many hybrids which 
come before us in increasing numbers. 

Growers in all parts of the world are raising 
these hybrids. Each grower, quite naturally, 
unless he is aware of a previously recorded 
name, gives a name to the plant raised by 
him, and it is only after the most elaborate 
search of publications both here and abroad 
that the priority of the name for any given 


10 AHEUT  OMKOISVID) WNKORIE)B) 


hybrid can be established 
recorded. 

Every hybridist, or would-be hybridist, 
wants to know, with as little delay as possible, 
firstly, the component parts of the plant he 
proposes to use as a parent; and, secondly, 
the uses already made of his plant or of a 
variety of his plant by other growers. He 
generally would prefer a new experiment 
rather than to confirm one already tried by 
others. 


and finally 


In this book issued by Messrs. Sander and 
Sons, he will find in Table I. in the first 
column the name of his plant, and in the 
second column its two parents. If either of 
these parents is a hybrid its parents can also 
be ascertained from this table. 

In Table II. he will find the name of his 
plant in block print if it has already been 
used for hybridisation. Immediately below 
appear all the Orchids with which it has been 
hybridised, and from which results have been 
obtained, together with the name given by 
the original raiser. 

The hybridist is thus in the position of 
choosing either to confirm results which have 
already been satisfactory with other raisers or 
to branch out m a new experiment of his own. 

As a guide to the hybridist, this book is 
invaluable, and as I believe all records have 
been searched up to the 18th July, 1915, the 
text used in the title page, “ Concise, Reliable, 
and Indispensable,” is, 1 think, well merited. 

The Books of Awards given by the Royal 
Horticultural Society and issued by them 
periodically have been used as the basis of 
the nomenclature of this work, and as that 
book is only used after much painstaking 
work from many of us, with the object of 
preserving all original records, | am glad to 
feel that many errors in nomenclature have 
been avoided. 

A book of reference of this nature is of 
greatest use when it 1s up-to-date, and I hope 
that Messrs. Sander and Sons will continue 
by way of supplement and by new editions, 
to give to the’ Orchid world that valuable 
assistance which the present volume now 
gives us.—J. GURNEY FOWLER, Chairman of 
the R.A.S. Orchid Committee. 


[October, 1915. 


FLOWERS IN SEASON. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM AMABILE.—From_ the 
Merle Dene collection, Bidston, Cheshire, we 
have received, through Mr. C. W. Findlow, 
part of the spike of a beautiful variety of O. 
amabile. It is remarkable on account of the 
two flowers at the base of the spike, each 
having three distinct lips, while the column 
is unusually wide. Extra segments are 
generally the result of excessive nutrition, 
brought about by vigorous root .action or 
disbudding of the spike. There is no reason 
to suppose that this abnormality wall remain 
constant. 

CATTLEYA  HARDYANA.—Mr. Harry 
Worsley, of Sherfin, Baxenden, Accrington, 
Sends. ‘us’ two, excellent “varieties Voit ae 
Hardyana which have appeared in an 
importation of C. Warscewiczi. One 
resembles more closely this latter species than 
its other parent, C. aurea, the flower being 
large, especially the lip with its two bright 
yellow discs on the side lobes. The second 
flower is really a glorified C. aurea ; in fact, it 
is just such-a flower as might be expected 
from a cross between C. Hardyana and C. 
aurea; an event quite possible, though 
rarely witnessed. Almost all the purple- 
coloured Cattleyas are considerably enriched 
when mated with aurea, and in Hardyana we 
have a natural as well as an artificially raised 
example. 

BULBOPHYLLUM GRANDIFLORUM. Mr. H. 
Haddon, who has charge of Mr. J. J. Neale’s 
collection at Lynwood, Penarth, sends a fine 
example of the handsome B. grandiflorum, 
which has this season produced four of its 
interesting flowers. It is one of the largest 
of the genus, the dorsal sepal being 4 inches 
long by over 2 inches broad, in colour 
greenish-brown, with numerous whitish 
blotches; the lateral sepals are nearly 4 inches 
in length. It is a native of New Guinea and 
was first described by Blume in 1848. 

RoyvAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— 
Meetings will be held on the following 
Tuesdays: October 12, 20, November 9, 23, 
and December 7, 1915. 


October, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. Il 


ORCHIDS IN NATURE. 


O those Orchid enthusiasts who still 
delight in species as apart from 


hybrids there is always a fascination 
in knowing something of their habits and 
habitats. Moreover, as an aid to their culti- 
vation under artificial conditions a knowledge 
of their growth under natural conditions must 


always be most helpful. Seeing for oneself 


the plants growing in their own country 1s 
the best of all educators, but this is out of 
the question for very many, though probably 
more .would avail themselves of the 
opportunity if they knew it could’ be 
accomplished, in some districts, with so 
hittle discomfort or “ roughing it.” 

In South Brazil many species of Orchids 
are to be found that even now are still grown 
for the beauty of their flowers, and it 1s to 
this part of the world I should recommend 
a tour for the Orchid enthusiast who wants 
to see for himself something of Nature's 
methods. In the neighbourhood of Santos 
one can still see and collect plenty of 
Orchids, such as [Lelia purpurata, Oncidium 
sarcodes, Miltonia Regnell, M. spectabilis, 
Cattleya Leopoldi and C. intermedia. All 
of these are to be found at a few feet only 
above the level of the sea, but some, such as 
the Miltonia species, ascend the Serra up to 
2,500 feet. Lala purpurata grows in the 
angle of a tree, where the branches leave 
the trunk; it is always at a considerable 
height above the ground, and the forest 
where it occurs is dense and humid. I have 
seen Epidendrum fragrans growing below in 
quantity on the trunk of the same tree, even 
within one’s own reach. 

Oncidium sarcodes grows on the branches 
of trees on the side of a hill facing south-east, 
from 100 up to 500 feet, or possibly even 
higher, but usually, and in the greatest 
plenty, about 4—500 feet. The forest is not 
dense, and vastly more air circulates amongst 
them than with Lelia purpurata_ in 
the steamy dense forest below. Miultonia 
Regnelli and M. spectabilis love the dark 
forests on the hill sides, dark from the 
number of forest trees growing close 


together. In such situations there is very 
little undergrowth, and these Miltonias grow 
into huge specimens forming a ring right 
round the tree trunks from 1525 feet up. 
M. Regnelli is much the commoner of the 
two at lower elevations, M. spectabilis, while 
occurring low down, appearing to prefer a 
more elevated situation. 

Cattleya Leopoldii grows on the tallest 
trees from sea-level up to 7-800 feet. It is 
most plentiful below 500 feet. Like Lelia 
purpurata, it selects the fork of a tree, but 
it requires more light. It does not occur in 
the densest forest, but prefers a_ hillside 
where the growth is never so rank as on 
the level. Cattleya intermedia, for which 
at the present day few people would even 
give a thank you, is nevertheless, when well 
flowered, attractive and beautiful. But how 
often is it well flowered in captivity? I have 
usually seen two or three, sometimes four 
or even five on a spike, yet with a knowledge 
of its natural conditions I get eight and nine 
flowers on a spike. The conditions are 
these:—It grows on the tops of dwarf 
stunted trees growing in a swamp close to 
the sea, where fully exposed to the sun it 
swelters in a temperature of about 140 
| do not think the white varieties 
occur in such expdsed places as the coloured 


degrees. 


ones, but they occur in the same swamps, 
though I never gathered any pure white 
varieties myself. 

With all the foregoing species the period 
of rest is well marked. From May. till 
August (south of the equator) most Ofchids 
are quite quiescent with an average day; 
temperature of 60—7o degrees. At the height 
of the growing season the temperature 
averages 80 degrees, with a fall of 10 degrees 
at might. From these essentially tropical 
conditions one can travel in a south-westerly 
direction for a distance of some 600 miles 
to the district of Ponta Grossa, in the State 
of Parana, and find many Orchids growing 
under conditions as dissimilar as could be 
from those at Santos. Here at-an elevation 
of 3,000 feet one is on an extensive base 
plateau with isolated outcrops of soft 
sandstone rock, and_ with only a_ few 


12 THE (ORCHID 


Araucarias and other trees growing amongst 
them. In places these rocks are 60—70 feet 
high, and here on the bare faces and in the 
crevices Orchids of many kinds flourish. 
Here the winter temperature sometimes falls 
to 10 degrees below the freezing-point and 
the ground is white with hoar-frost, but as 
soon as the sun is up the temperature rises 
rapidly to quite a genial warmth in the 
neighbourhood of 55—0o degrees. 

In these bleak situations Sophronitis 
violacea, Maxillaria porphyrostele and M. 
marginata grow on the perpendicular faces of 
the rocks exposed to the afternoon sun. 
Growing in the crevices of the rock are to be 
found a few plants of Bifrenaria pubigera, a 
really beautiful Orchid that deserves to be 
grown more than it 1s. In sheltered aspects 
Oncidium flexuosum flourishes and carries 
large flower spikes, but I noted that on 
strings of old bulbs there were comparatively 
few that had borne spikes of flowers. On 
the top of the rocks were masses of 
Epidendrum ellipticum, which, at the time 
of my visit, the end of March, were in full 
flower. These carried magnificent trusses 
of flower a full four inches across. This 
species will grow almost anywhere, but here 
it was in perfection living with a minimum 
of moisture and a maximum of sun and air. 
A surfeit of moisture in the air for any of 
these plants must be detrimental when grown 
under glass, for in nature the air is buoyant 
in the extreme, and except for an occasional 
wet three or four days, rarely more at a 
time, the air is not charged with the large 
amount of moisture one usually associates 
with Orchids. 

Some thirty miles further south-west the 
regular Araucaria forest zone commences, 
and from forty to another hundred miles 
towards the south Maté Tea trees and Tree 
ferns are largely mixed with the Araucaria. 
Just below the springing of the fronds of 
the Tree ferns in many localities is to be 
found that lovely Orchid Zygopetalum 
maxillare growing embedded in the trunk 
of the fern. So tightly attached are they 
that it is impossible to remove them, and it 
is necessary to cut down the Tree fern to 


WORLD. {October, 1915. 


secure the Orchid intact. This is deplorable, 
as it means that the seedlings are all killed 
and that the supply of plants must greatly 
suffer. 

But to return to the habitat of Z. maxillare. 
The forest where they occur is not dense 
and a good deal of sunlight enters. In 
winter minimum temperatures in the forties 
are the rule, with an occasional drop to 
very near the freezing-point. At midday, 
in the growing season, the temperature is 
round about 75 degrees, dropping greatly at 
night, even down to 55 degrees. I must 
admit, however, that even with personal 
knowledge of the habitat and habits of this 
Orchid I only succeeded for a while to grow 
and flower it. My plants flowered well for 
three years and for another two years made 
unsatisfactory progress, when I threw them 
away in disgust. But treated specially in 
a house to themselves the difficulty of 
cultivation should not be insuperable. 
Certain it is the methods of cultivation 
usually given to this class of Zygopetalum 
are very different to the natural conditions.— 
W. /. Kaye, Caracas, Ditton Hill, Surbiton. 


SELENIPEDIUM GRANDE.— This interesting 
hybrid between longifolium Hartwegu and 
caudatum was raised by Seden for Messrs. 
Veitch and Sons in 1881. When exhibited 
by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, May 13th, 1884, it 
received a First-class Certificate. It is said 
to be the most robust Selenipedium known ; 
the sword-shaped leaves are 24-30 inches 
long; the flower scapes frequently exceed a 
yard in height. The dorsal sepal is 
yellowish-white with yellow-green veins; the 
ventral sepal similar, but with paler veins ; 
the petals, 12-15 or more inches long, are 
rose-pink, except the broader basilar portion 
which is yellowish with green veins; lip 
greenish-yellow toned with brown, paler 
beneath, the infolded lobes ivory-white 
spotted with deep rose; staminode pale 
yellow, fringed with blackish hairs at the 
back. 


October, 1915. | 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD, 


Cattleya citrina. 


14 


THE ORCHID WORLD. [October, 1915. 


Selenipedium grande 
(longifolium * caudatum). 


October, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 15 


RENANTHERAS. 


HERE are few Orchids in the tropics 
more easy of cultivation and more 
floriferous than the Renantheras, 

commonly known as Spider or Scorpion 

Orchids, and no tropical garden can be 

considered at all complete without them. 

About a dozen species are known, all natives 

of the Malay and Chinese regions. The 

plants have woody, terete stems usually about 
as thick as a pencil, emitting long, grey, terete 
roots from the joints, and attaining a length 
of 20 or 30 feet, or even more. The leaves 
are leathery, oblong, distichous, rather far 
apart, and the flowers are produced in 
large panicles of several branches, usually 
spreading horizontally and covered’ with 
flowers, often of large size and brilliant colour 

The Renantheras are propagated by cuttings 
which grow readily when merely stuck in the 
ground. To grow them it is best to dig a 
round bed, in which 1s put leaf-mould mixed 
with broken crocks and charcoal, and fairly 
stout poles, 7 to 10 feet tall, are put in the 
beds, up which the Renantheras will grow. 
The beds are made in full sun, and from time 
to time a little cut grass should be thrown on 
the base of the plants. Grown in this manner 
most of the Renantheras will thrive and 
flower several times a year. 

The Vandas, V. teres and V. Hookeriana, 
and the hybrid V. Miss Joaquim, are best 
grown in the same way as Renantheras, and 
in good damp soil are very floriferous. 
Renantheras may also be grown on trees, but 
as they do not flower till they get to the light 
this is rather a slow method. Light being 
what these plants require, cultivation in 
Europe has not been very successful on the 
whole, though several species have flowered 
in hothouses. Renantheras are seldom 
attacked by any pests, but I have seen them 
injured by the small black Orchid weevil in 
Penang. 

The following species have been cultivated 
in Singapore : — 

R. arachnites, Lindley (Arachnanthe 
moschifera). The Scorpion Orchid, native of 
Perak. 


R. Maingayi, Ridley. Native of the Malay 
Peninsula. 

R. alba, Ridley. Native of the Peninsula 
and Borneo. 

R. matutina, Lindley. 
and Malay Peninsula. 

R. micrantha, Lindley. 
Peninsula. 

R. Storiei, Reichenbach f. 
Philippines. 

R. coccinea, Loureiro. 
China and China. 

R. Imschootiana, Rolfe. Native of Assam. 

Others are R. bilinguis, Reichenbach, 
of Borneo; R. sulingi, of Java, and R. 
trichoglottis, Ridley, of Borneo. 

The plant commonly called Renanthera 
Lown does not really belong to this genus. 


Native of Borneo 
Native of the 
Native of the 


Native of Cochin 


R. arachnites is the largest and strongest 
grower, and a very regular flowerer. The 
flower-sprays are large and the flowers 
3 inches across, the largest in the genus; 
the sepals and petals are green with blotches 
of brown, the lip white. 

From its curved lateral sepals and straight 
upper one, it has obtained the name of 
Scorpion Orchid, as it vaguely recalls the 
appearance of that creature. It has a strong 
scent of Musk emitted from the tip of the 
upper sepal, which is curved back. It flowers 
{twice or oftener a year, January and July, and 
occasionally fruits. 

R. Maingayi, Hooker fil, is nearly as big a 
plant, but the leaves are more flaccid. The 
panicles are usually large and loose, and the 
flowers distant, quite scentless, of a similar 
shape to those of the previous species, and 
nearly as large, the ground colour white or 
pinkish-white, with numerous blotches of 
shrimp-pink. In some forms the flowers are 
almost suffused entirely with dark pink. It is 
a very beautiful species, but a much shyer 
flowerer. Very fine sprays, however, are often 
to be seen in Singapore gardens. 

R. alba was first met with by myself 
climbing over bushes in hot, open sandy 
country in Pahang. It occurs in many places 
in the Peninsula, especially near the sea; I 
have seen it in immense abundance climbing 


16 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


over low trees in an island near Singapore, 
and emitting so many of its long roots that 
they formed a curtain that had to be cut 
through before one could get through the 
bushes. It is rather shorter in the stem than 
the preceding species, and somewhat brittle. 
The leaves are more fleshy and rigid, and 
often minutely toothed at the base, especially 
in plants grown in full sun. The flowers are 
smaller than those of R. Maingayi, in a loose 
panicle, or a spike in small plants. They are 
white. 

R. matutina is a plant of much lower habit, 
1 or 2 feet high with speckled stems and 
narrow ligulate leaves, rather stiff. The 
sprays about 8 or g inches long, the flowers 
about 20, scattered, rather narrow, red or 
orange, spotted with darker colour, the lip 
white with a central red spot. It grows 
usually on rocks, and does not seem to be a 
very easy plant to cultivate. It appears to be 
rare in the Peninsula, but has been found by 
Wray in Perak, and by myself also on rocks 
in forest on Bujong Malacca. It seems to be 
commoner in Borneo. 

R. micrantha is often to be found on rocks 
overhanging the sea, all over the Peninsula. 
The stems are tolerably stout, about 10 or 
12 feet long, the leaves short and broad, 
usually blotched with red; the flower-sprays 
are about a foot or more long, with horizontal 
branches densely covered with very small 
deep red flowers all arranged on one side. 
Though the flowers are the smallest of 
any in the genus, only + inch long, their 
abundance makes this a very charming plant. 
It is easily grown and flowers often. The 
plant itself, however, 
comparatively short-lived. 


appears to be 


R. coccinea is a stout plant, but appears 
here at least to be a much shorter and 
more compact plant than R. moschifera or 
Maingayi, however it runs to 12 feet or even 
more in length. It is one of the most 
beautiful in the genus. The panicles are 
large and much_ branched, and __ bear 
innumerable deep scarlet flowers mottled 
with darker colour; they are about 2 inches 
across, with the lower sepals broader, oblong, 
spatulate. It does well in the Straits, and 


[October, 1915. 


Renanthera coccinea. 


very fine sprays may be often seen at our 
flower shows. 

R. Storiei is the finest species in the genus. 
It has much the habit of R. coccinea, a stout 
plant with rather broad, dark green leaves. 
The panicle is often very large, one plant 
about 6 feet tall had an inflorescence of 700 
flowers. It was flowered by Mr. St. V. B. 
Down, in Singapore, in June, 1903, and was 
certainly a magnificent sight. A plant in the 
Botanic Gardens, though only about 4 feet 
high, flowered at every one of the upper 
joints. But I have seen plants grow for a 
long time before they showed any signs of 
flowering, although grown in full sun. It is 
better certainly that the plant should not be 
allowed to flower till it is robust, as the 
flower-sprays are usually small, and it is a 
considerable strain on the plant. It is a native 
of the Philippines, and is said to be abundant 
there. 

R. Imschootiana is a short plant with the 
habit rather of a Vanda, and flowers like 
those of Storiei, but smaller and fewer. It is 
rather too small to grow on posts like the 
other species, and pot culture seems to suit it 
best. Imported plants were flowered in the 


October, 1915. | THE -ORCHID WORLD. 17 


Botanic Gardens last year, but this climate is 
probably too wet for it, as it does not seem 
to thrive—The Agricultural bulletin of the 
Straits and Federated Malay States. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


L4&LIO-CATTLEYA EDWENA.—A pleasing 
hybrid between L.-C. Sappho (purpurata x 
bicolor) and C. Pittiana (aurea x granulosa), 
raised by Mr. E. Johnson in the collection of 
Col. Stephenson R. Clarke, Borde Hill, 
Cuckfield. The prevailing colours are bronze 
yellow on the sepals and petals, and rich 
crimson-purple on the lip. 

CATTLEYA BRILLIANT—The result of 
crossing Kienastiana (Lueddemanniana x 
aurea) and Hardyana. Raised by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons, who send us the richly 
coloured flowers. 

L®Lio-CATTLEYA SUVLA.—In this hybrid 
between L.-C. Endymion (luminosa x callisto- 
glossa) and Dowiana aurea, the labellum 1s 
unusually developed and of a rich purple 
colour. Raised by Messrs. Sander and 
Sons. 

ODONTIODA PRUNELLA—This is an 
advance on Oda. Thwaitesu, the flowers 
being larger and with broader segments. The 
parentage is Oda. Thwaitesu (C. vulcanica x 
O. Harryanum) x O. Harryanum. Raised by 
Mr. E. Hannington in the Chessington 
collection, Streatham Hill. 

SOPHRO-CATTLEYA SYLVIA.—A _ very 
beautiful result obtained by crossing S.-C. 
_ Doris and C. Hardyana. Received a First- 
class Certificate, R.H.S., August 31st, I915, 
when exhibited by Mr. J. Gurney Fowler. All 
the segments of dark vinous purple with a 
ruby-crimson_ shade. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA MIQUEL.—A _ very 
large flower of blush-rose colour, with purple 
marbling on the broad labellum, and resulting 

from a cross between B. Digbyana and C. 
Carmen (Warscewicziil x Lueddemanniana). 
Raised by Messrs. Flory and Black. 

L2LIO - CATTLEYA CASTANEA. — By 
crossing~ L.-C. Marquis de Wavrin (C. 
Hardyana x L.-C. elegans) with C. Hardyana 


this beautiful hybrid has been raised in 
the collection’ of -Mr. J. 
Brackenhurst, Pembury. 

ODONTOCIDUM, JUNO—This, the fifth 
hybrid between an Odontoglossum and an 
Oncidium, has been raised by Messrs. J. and 
A. McBean, the parents being Odm. ramosis- 
simum and On. tigrinum. The undulated 
sepals and petals are creamy-white blotched 
with dull rose-purple, the comparatively large 
lip pure white. 

CYMBIDIUM SANDHURSTIENSE.—Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown have raised this 
new hybrid by crossing Wiganianum and 
erythrostylum. The semi-erect spike carried 
five flowers of buff colour, with crimson 
markings. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA THE CZAR—C. Fabia 
and B.-C. Digbyano-Mossie are the parents 
of this hybrid recently 
exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 

CATTLEYA NAIDIA.—Messrs. Hassall and 
Co. have produced an excellent addition to 
their series of Eldorado hybrids. The first 
was iridescens (Eldorado x _ bicolor), the 
second Sybil (iridescens x aurea), while the 
third is Naidia (aridescens x Hardyana), of 
which a_ three-flowered spike has been 
forwarded to us for description. The influence 
of bicolor is seen in the fleshy nature of the 
bronze-yellow petals, which are covered with 


Gurney Fowler, 


richly-coloured 


an attractive rose reticulation; the round and 
open labellum is crimson-rose, this colour 
extending up the margin of the elevated side 
lobes, while the central area is golden. The 
bright yellow discs, so characteristic of 
Warscewiczi, derived through the Hardyana 
parent, are plainly visible on the side lobes. 
This beautiful hybrid makes a fine companion 
to Adula (bicolor x Hardyana), and evidently 
possesses a robust constitution. 


VANDA SUAVIS.—This beautiful species, 
a native of Java, produces very fragrant 
white flowers with reddish-purple spotting. 
The petals are so twisted as to bring their 
reverse surfaces to the front. The three-lobed 
labellum pale rose-purple, the side lobes 
deep rose-purple. See page 22. 


18 EE: 


ORCHID 


WORLD. [October, 1915. 


Houlletia Brocklehurstiana. 


HOULLETIA 
BROCKLEHURSTIANA. 


HIS genus commemorates the name of 

M. Houllet, the discoverer of the 

type species in Brazil, who after his 

return to France was appointed Curator, or 
Chef des cultures, of the Jardin des Plantes 
at Paris. The cultural. treatment. of 
Houlletias is very similar to that of the 
Stanhopeas, to which they are allied. A 
lower temperature, such as is maintained in 
the intermediate house, proves quite suitable. 
Houlletia 
somest and best known species of the genus. 
It was introduced from Rio de Janeiro by 
Mr. Wanklyn, of Manchester, by whom it 
was sent to Mr. Brocklehurst, of the Firs, near 
Macclesfield, at that time the possessor of one 
of the best collections in England, and in 
which this plant flowered for the first time in 
1841. 
Lindley — for 


Brocklehurstiana is the hand- 


On the flowers being sent to Dr. 


doul tfully 


identification he 


referred the species to Maxillaria, but 


unmediately afterwards removed it to 


Houlletia on the publication of that genus 


by the emiment French botanist, Adolphe 
Brongniart, in the Annales des Sciences 
Naturelles. 

A short time previous to its introduction 
into England this Orchid had been discovered 
growing on trees at Corcovado, near Rio de 
Janeiro, by Houllet, who accompanied M. 
Guillemin on a mission to Brazil, and who 
brought living specimens to the Jardin des 
Plantes at Paris, where on flowering it was 
constituted a new genus by M. Brongnuiart, 
but who omitted to give it a specific name. 
It was next detected on the Organ Mountains 
by Gardner, and later by William Lobb, who 
sent plants to Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter, in 
1842. 

The sepals and petals are light red-brown 
striated with pale yellow and spotted with 
darker red-brown on the basal half; the 
lateral sepals with a dark sanguineous stain 
on the inner side. The hypochile of the lip is 
white, densely spotted with blackish warts ; 
the ascending curved horns whitish streaked 
with red-purple; the epichile covered with 
blackish-purple warty asperities and light 
orange reticulations. 


19 


WORLD. 


ORCHID 


ANBUE, 


October, 1915. ] 


‘2PUuDIB UlNsso]sojuop 


ENS 


Tey 


20 THE tORGEMD 


Onc‘dium pulvinatum Oncidium nanum Oncidium pumilum 
(slightly diminished). (erlarged). (cnlarged). 


THREE ONCIDIUMS. 


cultivated by Mr. Richd. Harrison, of 

Aigburth, Liverpool, who received it 
from his brother William at Rio de Janeiro in 
1838, and he probably obtained it at Novo 
Frburgo, its known habitat. It closely 
resembles divaricatum in habit and aspect, 
but is distinguished from that species by its 
differently shaped labellum, the crest of which 
Flower spike slender, 


() stat PULVINATUM was first 


is entire (not lobed). 
flexuose, 5-7 or more feet long, loosely 
paniculate. Flowers very numerous, sepals 
and petals having the basal half red-brown, 
the apical half yellow; lp lght yellow 
spotted with red; crest whitish spotted with 
red. 

Oncidium nanum is a curious little plant 
deserving of notice on account of its richly 
coloured flowers. It was first discovered by 
Schomburek growing on the trunks of trees 
on the banks of the Pomeroon River in 
British Guiana, and sent by him to Messrs. 
Loddiges in 1842. According to Lindley it 
was also detected by Spruce near the junction 
of the Rio Negro with the Amazon. There 


are no pseudo-bulbs, the leaves being 
produced from a creeping rhizome. Scapes 


decumbent, panicled, the branches short and 
few flowered; sepals and _ petals yellow 
spotted with brown; lip bright yellow. 
Oncidium pumilum is an interesting species 
which appears to have been first cultivated 
by Dean Herbert, at Spofforth, Yorkshire, in 
1825, whither it had been sent from Rio de 
Janeiro by one of his correspondents who had 
found it growing on the trunk of a tree near 
Botofogo. It has since been gathered in 


WORLD. [October, 1915. 


several localities in the neighbourhood of Rio, 
where it forms large tufts on the trunks of 
several kinds of trees. There are no pseudo- 
bulbs, the leaves being produced from a 
creeping rhizome. Scapes about 4 inches 
long, paniculate, the branches short, the 
flowers small and crowded; sepals and 


petals yellow spotted with red-brown; the 
three-lobed lip yellow. 


Trichopilia fragrans. 


TRICHOPILIA FRAGRANS. 


HIS pretty species was originally 
ah discovered by Hartweg about the 
year 1841, near Popayan in southern 
Colombia, and a brief description of the 
flower from his herbarium specimen was 
published by Lindley in the Botanical 
Register of 1844. In the meantime a 
Vrichopilia had been detected on thé Sierra 
Nevada of Merida in western Venezuela by 
Linden, who named it T. candida, a name 
which Lindley adopted in his enumeration of 
the Orchids discovered by Linden, but 
Linden’s plant was afterwards referred to 
T. fragrans by Reichenbach and later by 
André to the T. nobilis of that author, which 
he rightly reduced to a variety of T. fragrans 
on the occasion of its being figured in 
the I@lustration horticole. But so many 


October, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 21 


intermediate forms have appeared in importa- 
tions that the marks of distinction between 
T. fragrans and the variety nobilis observable 
in the introduced plants have 
practically vanished. The T. Lehmanni of 
Regel was gathered by Lehmanni on the 
western Cordillera of Colombia; no definite 
specific character is discoverable in the figure 
in the Gartenflora by which it may be 
separated from T. fragrans. 

The date of the first introduction of T. 
fragrans into European gardens is uncertain. 
The plant figured as T. fragrans in the 
Botanical Magazine was cultivated by Lady 
Dorothy Nevill at Dangstein in 1857, and this 
is the earliest mention of its being in 
cultivation in this country. A few years 
later it was imported from Colombia in 
considerable quantities by Messrs. Low and 
Co., M. Linden, and others. 

The cool house suits this species admirably. 
It is best grown in pans, with ample drainage, 
and requires plenty of moisture during the 
season of growth.—Veztch’s Manual of 
Orchidaceous Plants. 


earliest 


BRASSIA MACULATA—The genus was 
founded by Dr. Robert Brown on Brassia 
maculata, and named in commemoration of 
Mr. Brass, a skilled botanical draughtsman, 
who collected seeds, plants, and dried 
specimens on the Guinea coast and in South 
Africa for Sir Joseph Banks and others in the 
early part of the nineteenth century. About 
forty species are now known, natives of 
tropical America, from the West Indies and 
Mexico to Brazil and Peru. B. maculata was 
introduced from Jamaica by Sir Joseph Banks, 
who presented plants to the Royal Gardens 
at Kew, where one of them flowered in April, 
1814. Sepals and petals yellowish-green 
spotted with brown on the basal half; 
labellum cream-white dotted with brown- 
purple; the bilamellate crest orange-yellow, 
slightly pubescent. A house with a tempera- 


ture of not less than 55 degrees will be found 
suitable. 


Brassia maculata. 


POLYSTACHYA PANICULATA—A recent 
issue of the Botanical Magazine contains an 
illustration (t. 8618) of this striking species 
with dense panicles of orange-red flowers. It 
was discovered by Afzelius in Sierra Leone, 
and considered by Swartz to be a Dendrobium. 
Its true identity was only discovered when 
the type specimen was sent to Kew from 
Upsala in connection with the preparation of 
the “ Flora of Tropical Africa.” It has recently 
been found by Mr. C. B. Ussher in the Mabira 
Forest, Uganda, and its introduction is due 
to the late Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., whose 


son, Capt. C. T. Lawrence, sent plants from 
West Africa. 


to 
ty 


i} 
[| 
es 
Vanda suavis. (See page 17.) 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOQIEIY: 


August 31st, IQI5. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Mr. J. Gurney Fowler (an the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney 
Wilson, RK. A. Rolfe, gPantia Rallies 
Armstrong, A. McBean, W. Cobb, W. H. 
Hatcher, C. H. Curtis; 22) Shill SWasies 
White, S. W. Flory and W. Bolton. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Catasetum pileatum, variety Mrs. Tom 
Fielden, from Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., 
Gatton Park, Surrey—An elegant species, 
also known as Bungerothu, and one of the 
finest of the genus. In this example the spike 
carried g large white flowers of wax-like 


substance, presenting a most attractive object. 
It is several years since so fine a specimen 
was seen. 

Sophro-Cattleya Sylvia (S.-C. Doris x C. 
Hardyana), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., 
Brackenhurst, Pembury.—A very fine result, 
in which the comparatively large flower is of 


THE ORCHID ‘WORLD. 


[October, 1915. 


rich vinous purple colour with a ruby-crimson 
shade. The crimped lip has a dark crimson 
front lobe, the throat lined with gold. 

Cattleya Sybil var. Georgius V. Rex, from 
W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood.— 
A large flower of beautiful coloration. The 
sepals and petals of golden-yellow tinged 
with bronzy-rose, the broad and_ well- 
developed labellum rich crimson with gold 
veining. An exceedingly attractive hybrid. 
The parents are aurea and iridescens. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lelio-Cattleya eximia delicatissima (L 
purpurata x C. Warneri), from J. Gurney 
Fowler, Esq.—A very distinct and beautiful 
variety in which the sepals and petals are 
delicately tinted with rose, the open labellum 
effectively marked with purple. The plant 
carried two spikes, each with 4 flowers. 

Cattleya Hardyana alba, Fowler’s variety, 
from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq.—An excellent 
variety with white sepals and petals, the large 
labellum ruby-purple. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., was awarded a 
Silver Flora Medal for a group of choice 
hybrids, including Miltonioda McNabiana (O. 
Edwardu x M. Bleuana), with light rose- 
coléured flowers having dark blotches 
beneath the crest; Cattleya Harold, brightly 
coloured ; C. Iris; C. Hardyana “ Countess of. 
Derby”; and fine varieties of L.-C. George 
Woodhams. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, received a Silver Banksian Medal for 
a selection of choice hybrids and _ species. 
Mention may be made of Habenaria Suzanne, 
Catasetum Russelianum, Cattleya Alcimeda 
(Gaskelliana alba x labiata alba), Cypripedium 
Maudie and various Odontoglossums. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. Southgate, 
exhibited some very beautiful and distinct 
varieties of their Cattleya Sybil (aurea x 
iridescens) ; also C. Adula, flowering for the 
first time from a new batch, and showing 
considerable promise. 


‘October, 1915. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, showed 
Brasso-Cattleya Miquel (B. Digbyana x C. 
Carmen), a new hybrid bearing a large flower 
of an attractive nature; B.-C. Ilene magnifica 
and B.-C. André Maron, both excellent 
varieties. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham Hill, 
exhibited his new Odontioda Prunella 
(Oda. Thwaitesii x Odm. Harryanum), an 
improvement on the former parent; various 
Odontiodas and an _ excellent form of 
Lelio-Cattleya Rubens. 

Lieut.-Col. H. V. Warrender, High Grove, 
Pinner, staged Cattleya Clarkiz (bicolor x 
labiata) with a spike of 3 good flowers. 


Sept. 14th, 1915. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (Gn the chair), 
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. Sir Harry J. 
Veitch, Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), 
Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, Stuart Low, 
F. Sander, F. J. Hanbury, T. Armstrong, 
W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, W. H. Hatcher, 
joe Wwalsen Potter W > P. Bound, A. Dye, 
W. H. White, S. W. Flory and R. A. Rolfe. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE.. 


Cattleya Venus var. Princess Mary (Iris x 
aurea), from Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. 
One of the finest forms of this exquisite 
hybrid. The large flowers yellowish with 
a bronze tint, the well-expanded broad 
labellum ruby-crimson. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Dendrobium Hookerianum, Fowler’s variety. 
A very remarkable form in which the petals 
are fringed in similar style to the labellum, 
in fact, a peloriate variety which remains 
constant. The plant carried several pendulous 
racemes of bright golden-yellow flowers 
with dark blotches on each side of the lip. 
Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. 

Cattleya amabilis, Fowler’s variety (labiata 
x Warscewiczi1), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. 
The spike carried four large flowers, the 
sepals and petals very broad and of 
rose-purple colour. 


rs) 
eS) 


SEEDLING COMMENDATION. 


Cattleya Ashtonize alba (O’Brienmiana alba 
x  Dusseldorfei Undine), from Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown. A promising flower 
of thick substance, all the segments being 
well formed and pure white. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. were awarded 
a Silver Flora Medal for a pleasing exhibit 
of Vanda ccerulea, the new Lelio-Cattleya 
Pronax, Anguloa Cliftonu, fine varieties of 
Cattleya aurea, well-flowered Cymbidium 
erythrostylum and some robust Oncidiums, 
of which oblongatum and incurvum are 
worthy of special mention. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. secured a 
Silver Banksian Medal for a group containing 
the pretty Paphinia cristata, Cattleya Fauna, 
of distinct yellow colour, C. Rhoda, C. Adula, 
richly coloured, and choice Odontoglossum 
hybrids. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean obtained a 
Silver Banksian Medal for a neat exhibit in 
which were the new Odontocidium Juno 
(Odm. ramosissimum x On. tigrinum), a 
bright variety of Oncidium Mantinu, Cattleya 
Katie (fulvescens x aurea), with cream-yellow 
flowers, the graceful Odontonia brugensis, 
and Cattleya bellatula (Warscewiczii x Iris) 
with a very fine labellum. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons were awarded a 


Silver Banksian Medal for an_ exhibit 
of Phalaenopsis esmeralda, the distinct 
Bulbophyllum = grandiflorum, Cypripedium 


Black Watch, and C. Dallas, as well as 
Odontonia St. Alban and McNabiana. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown staged the 
new Cymbidium Sandhurstiense (Wigan- 
ianum x erythrostylum), Brasso-Cattleya The 
Czar (C. Fabiax B.-C. Digbyano-Mossie), 
with a large richly coloured flower, Cattleya 
Kienastiana Orchidhurst variety, with white 
sepals and petals, and the pretty Odonto- 
glossum Nevross (nzvium x Rossi). 

Messrs. Flory and Black exhibited Brasso- 
Cattleya Digbyano-Mossie, Langley variety, 
a large white flower and one of the best 


24 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


yet seen; an attractive form of Cattleya 
Hardyana, as well as C. Kienastiana and the 
interesting Cycnoches Peruviana. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., showed excellent 
examples of Cattleya Warscewiczu Frau M. 
Beyrodt and C. O’Brieniana alba. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY ~ 


August 18th, 1915. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. J. C. 
Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. R. Handley, 
Dr. Hartley, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. J. 
Morgan, W. Shackleton, S. Swift, Z. A. Ward, 
and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq. Newchurch; and _ Silver 
Medals to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn; 
Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham ; and 
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans. 

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury, staged a nice 
example of Peristeria elata. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cypripedium niveum var. Heatherlea, a fine 
flower of perfect form, from Miss Bolton, 
Penketh, Warrington. 

Cattleya Sibyl var. Emmilene, a well set 
flower of even colour, with distinct markings 
on the lip, from Mrs. R. le Doux. 

Lzlio-Cattleya Armada (C. fulvescens x 
L.-C. luminosa), a large flower of good shape 
and colour, from S. Gratrix, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Miltonioda Harwoodu Ashland’s _ var. 
(C. Noetzlana x M. Harwood), Oncidium 
Mantinu Ashworthe, and Odontoglossum 
percultum var. Brunette, all from R. Ashworth, 
Esq. 

Cattleya Sibyl var. Arline, from Mrs. le 
Doux. 


[October, 1915. 


FIRST-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. 


Miltonia vexillaria var. Enchantress, a 
grand specimen with 118 flowers, grown by 
Mr. C. Findlow, gr. to A. J. Oakshott, Esq. 
A Bronze Medal was also awarded. 


Sept 2nd, 1915. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, J. Evans, 
P. Foster, A. R. Handley, Dr. Hartley, 
J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, 
S. Swift, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, G. Weatherby 
and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to 
R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; and Silver 
Medals to Col J. Rutherford, M.P., 
Blackburn; Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton- 
le-Moors; and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and 
Sons, Bradford. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Miltonia Harwoodi var. Mad. le Doux, 
of good form and size, crimson-scarlet, from 
Mrs. le Doux. 

Odontioda Brewu var. Brunette, sepals and 
petals chestnut-red, lip orange-chrome, from 
R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Venus “Haddon House var.,” 
large flower, with a yellow vein in centre of 
petals, from P. Smith, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Sybil aurea and Odontioda Brew 
heliotropia, both from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Lelio-Cattleya Geo. Woodhams “ Marlfield 
var.,” from Mrs. R. le Doux. 

Cypripedium Solon var. St. Mary, from 


the Rev. J. Crombleholme. 


Lzelio-Cattleya Irenis var. Rachel (Iris x 
bletchleyensis), from P. Smith, Esq. 


FIRST-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. 


Mr. E. Rogers, gr. to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., 
for fine examples of Vanda cceruleas. 


CHE orcHD ical yf 


Ab 
ee 


HKegts 
ae 


Novempser, 1915. - 


NOW S . 


CIRRHOPETALUM CHINENSE.— There is no 
longer any occasion for speculative minds to 
occupy themselves with the important investi- 
gation of the cause that may have led the 
Chinese to invent strange figures of men and 
women with their chins in perpetual motion, 
for here is the explanation of it. We have 
here a plant from China, one of whose lobes 
is exactly a tongue and chin, which are so 
unstable as to be in a state of continual 
oscillation. The flowers are very large for 
the genus, in general appearance like those of 
C. maculosum. The petals and upper sepal 
are purple, the lateral sepals are yellowish- 
green. The flowers are arranged in a circle, 
and all look outwards, so that on whatever 
side the umbel is regarded it still presents to 
the eye the same row of grinning faces and 
wagging chins. Messrs. Loddiges imported 
it from China——Dr. Lindley im _ the 
“Botanical Register, 1842. 


LS 
we 


WAN y 
uy % 


Ne 


BLUE CATTLEYAS—-Among the many 
ambitions of the early day hybridists was the 
production of a blue Cattleya, not one 
perhaps equal in colour to Vanda ccerulea, 
which would be beyond expectations, but one 
in which the usual mauve and purple tints 
were replaced by a bluish colour. No doubt 
the most successful results have been obtained 
in the Gatton Park collection, and when Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., exhibited numerous 
examples at a meeting of the Royal Horti- 
cultural Society it was evident to one and all 
that not only had the subject assumed a 
practical form, but that a considerable advance 
in the desired direction had been achieved. 
The plants were Cattleya Portia var. coerulea, 


VOL. VI. 


obtained by crossing C. Bowringiana lilacina 
with C. labiata coerulea. The flowers were of 
a delicate lavender-blue colour, with the 
labellum darker and more correctly described 
as slaty-blue. Quite recently, in the same 
noted collection, have appeared some attrac- 
tive varieties of Cattleya Alcimeda, produced 
by crossing C. labiata coerulea with C. 
Gaskelliana ccerulescens, and in which the 
special feature is a large labellum having the 
central portion bright violet-blue, thus making 
a pleasing as well as an interesting addition 
to this distinct section of the genus. 


CATTLEYA ELDORADO.—Considering the 
beautiful hybrids of C. Eldorado that have 
recently been exhibited by Messrs. Hassall 
and Co. the following particulars from 
Vettch’s Orchid Manual are of interest. This 
species was first imported by M. Linden about 
the year 18600 from the region of the Rio 
Negro in Brazil, and one of the first plants to 
flower in Europe was exhibited by him at 
Paris, in 18607. This Cattleya continued 
scarce for some years, till an importation from 
1876 by M. Binot, a 
caused 


the same region in 
French collector of Orchids in Brazil, 
it to become more generally distributed 
among the collections both in this country 
and on the Continent. Its habitat 1s near the 
Rio Negro, not far from its confluence with 
the Amazon, a significant fact in the 
geographical distribution of the Cattleyas of 
the labiata group, and which cultivators will 
do well to bear in mind, as that part of the 
region where C. Eldorado occurs les lower, 
its climate is hotter, and the alternation of 


26 IMSHE, NMCINND) 


wet and dry seasons more decided than in the 
other C. labiata districts. C. Eldorado is not 
only distinguished from the other Cattleyas 
of the group by the characters described 
above, but also by its more rounded and 
smooth stems, and by its more rigid, leathery, 
erect leaves. It usually flowers in the months 
of July and August. The name El] Dorado 
is literally “the golden land” ; it was given by 
the Spaniards in the-sixteenth century to an 
imaginary region in the interior of South 
America, lying between the Orinoco and the 
Amazon. The pure white variety of the 
species 1s known as Cattleya Eldorado 


Wallisi. 


CATTLEYA GUTTATA.—Few amateurs are 
acquainted with this fine old species, now 
rarely seen in cultivation. Dr. Lindley 
figured and described it as long ago as 1831 
(Bot. Reg., XVII. ¢. 1406), from a plant which 
flowered in the garden of the Horticultural 
Society. In December, 1836, a plant bearing 
a spike of 24 flowers was exhibited by Mr. R. 
Harrison, of Liverpool, and was awarded a 
Silver Knightian Medal; Lindley then 
remarked that it was with one exception the 
most noble specimen of this natural order 
which he had had the good fortune to observe. 
From time to time importations of this 
species were received in England, but the 
opportunities of procuring other representa- 
tives of the genus with larger flowers, and the 
ever-increasing interest in hybrids, mainly 
accounted for C. guttata becoming a rarity, 
until at the present time very few plants 
indeed are to be found in amateurs’ collec- 
tions. It is, then, a welcome pleasure to hear 
of a fine specimen in the possession of Mr. 
Thos. J. Finnie, of Claygate, Surrey, who 
obtained it from the Santos Sierra, Brazil. 
The erect spikes average about 17 flowers, 
one has as many as 24, while the total number 
carried by this one specimen is 74, thus 
creating a truly majestic display. The fleshy 
flowers, which measure 3 inches across, are of 
a yellowish-green colour spotted with purple- 
brown; the lip three-lobed, the lateral ones 


WORLD. [November, 1915. 


white and folding over the column, the median 
one bright rose-purple. Mr. Finnie kindly 
sends us a specimen flower which proves that 
this plant is the true C. guttata, and not the 
variety Leopoldi, which 1s, more correctly 
speaking, a distinct species. Collectors have 
stated that this Cattleya occurs in a great 
variety of situations. It is sometimes found 
on rocks, exposed to the scorching heat of 
the sun and to frequent draughts, while at 
opposite seasons it is drenched by torrents of 
rain; in those places it sometimes grows in 
such dense masses as to exclude all other 
vegetation. It is also met with on isolated 
trees and on the borders of the forest. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM VICTORY.—This, the 
latest production of Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown, 1s destined to be the advance guard 
of what is to follow in its section. It is a 
curious fact, that almost immediately after the 
appearance of my notes on a recent visit 
there this gem should turn up. To adequately 
describe its colouring is to me somewhat 
diffcult. When I had the privilege of seeing 
the plant before it went to the Orchid 
Committee the colour of the huge blotches 
gave me the impression of a bronze lustre 
overlying the red-brown and plum of the 
sepals and petals, while the inner margin of 
pure white emphasised the delightful contrast. 
I also noticed on the outer margin of the 
petals a band of pale mauve or heliotrope, 
about an eighth of an inch in diameter and of 
equal depth throughout. Altogether a superb 
thing, possessing a flower of perfect harmony 
and shape—noble, yet refined ; gorgeous, yet 
not gaudy. Think of it, when the plant in 
due time carries a fully developed spike I 
hope I shall be spared to see it, as, no doubt, 
is the desire of many readers. What next? 
one may ask. All I can venture to say is, to 
quote that historic phrase, “ Wait and See.” 
Of course, that is all we can do, but one gets 
impatient. In conclusion, to whatever praise 
is bestowed on Odontoglossum Victory one 
may well add “ Bene merite.”-H. A. Farmer. 


November, 1915. THI 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 27 


Odontoglossum Victory. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM VicTORY.—Of all the 
beautiful Odontoglossums each one has its 
own fascinating features. It is not easy to 
decide whether large size, width of segments, 
or coloration score the most, probably it is 
the general effect which pleases best. In 
Odontoglossum Victory the essential features 
of a model flower are brought to a high state 
of perfection. The large flower has wide 
sepals, almost orbicular petals, and a labellum 
that is unusually developed, while all the 
elegantly blotched with 


brownish-red, in places quite a mahogany 


segments are 


tint. The parentage is given as O. crispum 
The Baroness x Od. 
unrecorded — origin. 

margin there is a_ suffusion of violet-rose, 


hybrid, the latter of 
Around the whitish 
which suggests the inclusion of Pescatorel, 
for the same effect is seen in ardentissimum 
(crispum x Pescatore1). The immense solid 
blotch on the labellum is more than could be 
produced by either crispum or Pescatorei ; 


maybe it is due to Harryanum. However, a 
magnificent flower has been produced, if we 
know not by what means. When the raisers, 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, exhibited this 
immature seedling, for it produced its one 
flower for the first time, it was quite evident 
that even finer results would be achieved 
when the plant gains in strength. To record 
its promising features the Orchid Committee 
of the R.H.S. granted a Seedling Commen- 


dation, October 12th, 1915. 


APPRECIATION.—Allow me to express a 
“ Orchids 


which appeared in the last issue, 


word of appreciation on the article 
in Nature” 
for it is chiefly through such practical 
experience in the native home of the plants 
that we are able to understand their respective 
requirements under artificial cultivation. I 
sincerely wish more will be written by those 
who have profited by these journeys to far off 


ein ING (G. 


28 DHE VORGEIMD 


WORLD. 


| November, 1915. 


Odontoglossum Helmuth (R.H.S. Journal). 
Received First-class Certificate when exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder, R-H.S., May 5th, 1914. 


CATTLEYA BROWNI4@.—There are many 
early-day hybrids that have never been grown 
to perfection, and for that reason their full 
artistic merit has not as yet been seen. 
Take, for example, Cattleya Brownie (Harri- 
soniana x Bowringiana), originally raised by 
Messrs. Sander and Sons, and given an Award 
of Merit, October oth, 1894; in how many 
collections can a plant now be found? Very 
few indeed, yet when properly cultivated it is 
a most elegant and noble plant, possessing a 
robust constitution and carrying attractive 


clusters of rose-purple flowers. That such is 
the case was proved by the specimen 
exhibited by Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., at 
the -R.H.S., Otteber azthy 1915, vena 
Cultural Commendation was awarded to the 
cultivator, Mr. J. Collier. This plant carried 
two spikes with 15 and 13 flowers respectively, 
and, as may be expected, received considerable 
admiration from the numerous visitors. This 
hybrid is named in honour of the wife of Mr. 
D.S. Brown, an enthusiastic amateur, residing 


at St. Lows, Wes: 


November, 1915. ] Ee ORG EDS) 


ORCHID GROWING IN SOUTH 
AUSTRALIA. 


HERE are a number of Orchids native 
to this State to be found chiefly in 
our “ Hills,” but they are very difficult 

to transplant, and no one here has made 
much headway with their culture under glass, 
or in the open air. The reason is not far to 
seek: they are nearly all herbaceous, and if 
uprooted while in bloom they usually die at 
once. In these notes, therefore, Orchids such 
as are met with in European gardens are 
meant, and even so, there are very few 
growers to be found in South Australia. 
Messrs. Newman, of Houghton, have 
probably done more than others in_ their 
cultivation, but some years ago a disastrous 
and quite unavoidable flood of water swept 
away both houses and Orchids in one 
common ruin. Previously, Messrs. Newman 
had grown Cattleyas, Dendrobiums and many 
more with great skill and success, and the 
buildings were in a picked spot near a 
“creek,” our name for the water courses 
which in winter may be small torrents, but in 
summer are sometimes quite dry. Mr. Henry 
Sewell, of Payneham, at one time owned and 
catalogued a great number of Cypripediums, 
Cattleyas, Lalas, Dendrobiums, Renantheras, 
A&rides, and Vandas, but his enterprise in 
importing the plants was not rewarded by a 
sufficient demand for them to induce him to 
renew his supplies, and, at the present time, 
the collection is very small. It was he, 
however, who first suggested to me that the 
growing of Orchids was an_ interesting 
occupation, and with all its difficulty I have 
found pleasure and satisfaction in this part of 
eardening. 

As I have used the word “ difficulty,” it may 


be as well to explain why Orchid growing is: 


not more popular here. First, there is so 
little expert knowledge available. In the 
Adelaide Botanic Gardens there used to be 
a fine display of the plants I have already 
named, also of Angracums,  Ansellias, 
Cymbidiums, etc. But popular taste has 
inclined in recent years in the direction of 
making these gardens a place of public 


VOL. VI. 


WORLD. 29 


pleasure rather than of botanical study. This 
obliges all would-be Orchidists to rely upon 
books for their information, and nearly all of 
these are written for European conditions 
which cannot be copied here. 

Compost, for instance, is an initial trouble. 
One reads of peat, polypodium fibre, osmunda 
fibre and sphagnum moss. Practically all of 
these must be imported if used. Heating is 
another problem. South Australia is not so 
far blessed with a large deposit of genuine 
coal, though there are two known deposits of 
lignite which hardly pay to work. Wood is 
becoming costly and increasingly difficult to 
obtain. Then horticultural appliances, such 
as are advertised in any English garden 
paper, are “conspicuous by their absence.” 
An engineering firm will, for a price, usually 
high, erect a “boiler” and affix pipes, but 
they do it from the mechanic’s rather than 
the grower’s point of view. Hence, most of 
us amateurs make, or superintend the making 
of, our apparatus. I am afraid these 
contrivances would cause a smile in the eyes 
of Mr. ——_, gardener to the Duchess 
of -—_—. 

The last trouble with which we have to 
contend is our climate. Naturally, one would 
imag.ne from a study of the map that we 
should be able to grow easily such Orchids as 
are native to similar latitudes, but the air is 
dry for weeks at a time, the rainfall is not 
great at any time, and occasionally, as last 
season, there 1s a drought so severe that even 
the public supplies of water are seriously 
curtailed. When recently reading about 
“damping the stages, floors, etc., so many 
times a day,” I wondered where the writer 
would get the water from about this district. 
There is almost no permanent surface water 
Adelaide, the exceptions 
artificially constructed lakes and dams. 

Now for the advantages which have made 
me an enthusiast in the fascinating hobby. 
We never have snowstorms, not a great deal 
of hail, no prolonged and intense cold, and 
usually but moderate frosts. Hence fireheat 
is very much less frequently needed, and the 
quantity of fuel, pipes, and fittings is reduced. 
Ventilation is easier, as there are few days in 


around being 


30 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


winter when air cannot be admitted for 
some hours even to hot-growig Orchids. 
Personally, | think the damping down system 
is unsuited to these plants. We who are born 
here find it quite easy to bear a high degree 
of heat, and some of us prosaically continue 
our work in the open air to discover next day 
that the thermometer registered 140° F. in 
the sun. But let the air become moist and we 
are exhausted. This is the experience of 
friends in India who find 80° F. unbearable 
there, though they think nothing of a higher 
degree in Tasmania. 

I once asked an experienced Orchidist in 
England what he would do with cool-house 
Orchids when the thermometer registered 
108° F. in the shade at 8 am. He replied: 
Nevertheless, we 
manage to grow some of these plants, and are 
consequently proud when Odontoglossum 


“T should give it up.” 


Rossu or O. pulchellum favours us with a 
good spike. In a small house I have O. 
grande, ©: Cervantesu, ©: 
Oncidium ~Forbesu, O.  phymatochilum, 
Lycaste Skinneri, Colax jugosus, Sophronitis 
erandiflora, Maxillaria Harrison, Bletia 
hyacinthina, Dendrobium infundibulum, D. 
japonicum, D. Jamesianum,  Ccelogyne 
cristata and other species of the genus, 
Cymbidium eburneum and others, a Masde- 
vallia, and one plant each of Vanda Amesiana, 
V. Kimballiana, Angraecum falcatum, A®rides 
maculosum and Cattleya citrina, all in good 
health. 

A Sobralia macrantha is fully 6 feet high 
above the tub in which it is growing ; a Vanda 
Batemani is a_ beautiful well-leaved plant 
2 feet 6 inches high, and 3 feet 3 iches 
across; while there are two fine spikes of 
bloom on a large Angraecum eburneum. 
When I want to give a Vanda extra water I 
put it ina tub of water in the open air for an 
hour or so, let the pot drain, and put it back 
on the shelf in the house. Phaleenopses are 
very little grown here; they are very 
unhealthy when they arrive from Singapore, 
or elsewhere, and they are sent at the season 
of export from India and have immediately to 
face another winter, which quite often 
prevents their living. 


hastilabium, 


‘condition. 


[November, 1915. 


I do not find hybrid Orchids so easy to 
cultivate as the writers of English books 
suppose. A Lelio-Cattleya presented to me 
some years ago has never expanded a bloom, 
though two or three sheaths have appeared ; 
an Odontoglossum hybrid is far less healthy 
looking than the Odontoglossum species by 
its side. Cypripedium Fairrieanum blooms 
with me each year. C. niveum and its allies 
grow well, but have rarely bloomed; while a 
fair number of other Cypripediums are in fine 
Vanda teres grows well, but its 
varieties aurora, Andersoni, as well as Vanda 
Miss Joachim do not respond to my treatment 
at all generously. 

Oncidiums in several varieties have bloomed 
here, O. sarcodes being handsome; but 
Miltonias do not thrive with me, and the two 
I have are certainly not “specimens,” unless it 
is of “how not to do it”. Of Dendrobiums 
there are nobile, densiflorum, superbum, 
thyrsiflorum, Dalhousieanum, chrysotoxum, 
primulinum, Phalznopsis Schréderianum, and 
others, notably moschatum, which is a tall 
plant with good leaves and which may be 
relied upon to bloom each year.—/wadlia A. 
Stuckey, Unley Park, South Australia. 


ORCHID SALE IN 1887.—That many of our 
popular Orchids were at one time extremely 
valuable is proved by the following prices 
realised at a sale of duplicates from the 
collection of Mr. Lee, of Leatherhead, 
May 3rd and 4th, 1887. Messrs. Protheroe 
and Morris were the auctioneers. Saccolabium 
Harrisonianum, £162 15s.; Maxillaria 
Sanderiana, £18 18s.; Cymbidium Lowianum, 
£21; Cattleya Skinneri alba, £33 12s.; €. 
Skinneri oculata, £73 10s; “C. dabiaia, 
£37. 16s.; C. Drianz Leeana, Sigo “ies: 
Lzlio-Cattleya elegans, 442; Masdevallia 
Denisoniana, £32 11s.; M. Harryana rugosa, 
£48 Os.; Cypripedium Stonei platytanium, 
£325  10s.; Dendrobium  Phalenopsis, 


£52 10s.; Cymbidium giganteum, £23; 
Leho-Cattleya elegans, £31 10s.; L-C. 
exoniensis, 4105; L.-C. bella, 4Ar8o; 
Angrecum caudatum, 437 16s.; and 


Saccolabium Heathi, 4157 10s. 


November, 1915. | THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 31 


Trichopilia suavis. 


TRICHOPILIA SUAVIS. 


to have been but vaguely known till 

thes late-- M. - Morren, of - Liége, 
published the following particulars of its 
habitat in the Belgique horticole of 1874 :— 
“It was discovered in 1848 by Warscewicz 
in Costa Rica, on the Cordillera, at an altitude 
of 5,000-8,000 feet. He met with the finest 
specimens on the volcano of Chiriqui, at an 
altitude of 8,000 feet, in a region where 
the thermometer ranged from 10°-15° C. 
(50°-60° F.). Warscewicz found the plants 
growing on oaks at from 20 to 40 feet above 
the ground, never lower down; if the trees to 
which they affix themselves are thrown down 
by any accident or fall from old age the 
Trichopilias upon them languish and die. On 
Chiriqui at this altitude there is a dry season 


f Pic origin of Trichopilia suavis appears 


lasting from November till April, when there 
is neither rain nor dew and the wind is often 
very violent; but throughout the remainder 
of the year both rains and dews are copious 
and frequent.” 

T. suavis flowered for the first time in this 
country in 1851 simultaneously in the collec- 
tions of Mrs. Lawrence, at Ealing, and Mr. 
R. S. Holford, at Westonbirt, and in the 
nursery of Messrs. Loddiges at Hackney. 
The sweetly-scented flowers are creamy- 
white, the crisped labellum more or less 
spotted with rose-pink, and with some orange 
spots and markings on the disc. In the 
variety alba the rose-pink spots are absent, 
while the yellow spots are much reduced. 

The months of March and April see this 
species at its best. The cool house is usually 
utilised for its cultivation, selecting the 
warmest end during winter. 


bo 


os) 


Phalenopsis Harriette. 


PHALAENOPSIS HARRIETTYE. 


HIS interesting hybrid between amabilis 
and violacea has oval leaves of a 


bright green colour. The spikes carry 
two or more flowers, about 3 inches in 
diameter, intermediate between those of the 
parents. Sepals and petals cream colour, 
much spotted and stained with rose-purple on 
the basal half, the dorsal sepal oval-oblong, 
the lateral sepals ovate-oblong, keeled behind, 
the colour confined to the inner half, as in P. 
violacea. Petals much broader and obtuse, as 
in P. amabilis. Lip. distinctly clawed, the 
lateral lobes intermediate in shape between 
the broad spreading ones of P. amabilis and 
the narrow appressed fleshy ones of P. 
violacea, cream colour spotted. with brown- 
purple below, rose-purple above; the inter- 
mediate lobe broadly trowel-shaped with the 
lateral angles somewhat acute and the apex 
distinctly notched, fleshy, and bright rose- 
purple, as in P. violacea. 
with rose-purple. 


Column stained 


Received a_ First-class 


THE ORCHID WORLD, 


[November, 1915. 


Certificate, R.H.S., July 26th, 1887. Raised 
by Seden for Messrs. Veitch and Sons, who 
sold the only plant to the Hon. Erastus 
Corning, of Albany, U.S.A., in honour of 
whose daughter it was named. 


SOPHRONITIS HYBRIDS. 


OWEVER much the finest hybrids 
H are appreciated, there 1s no depart- 
ing from the fact that we are still 
obliged to pay attention to certain species 
which stand out significantly on account of 
their colour. True it is that these richly- 
coloured species often produce small flowers, 
but for want of better material they continue 
to be made use of with more or less 
sausfaciory results. 

The charming little Sophronitis grandiflora 
is too well known to need description, and 
little wonder that its brilliant colour, of so 
rare a kind among Orchids, has attracted the 
hybridist. Despite the many failures that 
have fallen to the lot of those who attempt 
the production of a large scarlet Cattleya one 
must acknowledge that several praiseworthy 
results have been obtained. In the best of 
Sophronitis hybrids there is a medium-sized 
flower of such a mysterious colour that it 1s 
generally impossible to distinguish which is 
the ground colour and which the overtint. 
However, this is of minor importance to the 
owner; the unusual beauty of the flower fully 
recompenses the purchaser or the grower who 
has watched its slow development during a 
comparatively long period. 

Now it is this very slow rate of growth that 
detracts more than anything else from the 
popularity of Sophronitis hybrids. If only 
they could be made to progress with the same 
rapidity as is witnessed in many Leelio- 
Cattleya and other hybrids, what a source of 
pleasure they would prove to the majority of 
amateurs, and not less to the trade grower. 

In a batch of Sophronitis seedlings much 
diversity exists ; some plants follow the habit 
of growth seen in the Lelia or Cattleya 


November, 1915. ] 


parent, while others inherit the unmistakable 
characters of the Sophronitis to a wide 
extent. Now if the larger flowering 
varieties, that is, those which partake more of 
the Cattleya-like type, were selected it would 
be wise to give them the treatment generally 
accorded to such plants, that is, a compara- 
tively hot and sunny situation, for their habit 
suggests that they are composed more of the 
Cattleya constitution than anything else. 

But, as anyone knows full-well, it is the 
varieties which perpetuate the glowing scarlet 
colour that are selected from a _ batch of 
seedlings. It is the very plants that follow 
most closely the Sophronitis habit of growth 
that are really the valuable gems so much 
sought after by connoisseurs. Therefore, it 
requires but little consideration to decide that 
the mode of cultivation must follow the 
treatment usually given to the Sophronitis 
species. 

Gardner, when travelling in Brazil, found 
Sophronitis grandiflora at an elevation of 
4-5,000 feet, where the climate is much 
cooler than at Rio, the thermometer in the 
months of May and June falling as low as 
32° F. just before sunrise. The _ hottest 
months are January and February, when the 
highest observed temperature at noon was 
84° F.; this is also the season of heaviest 
rains, and when violent thunderstorms occur 
almost daily; they come on with great 
regularity, about 4 p.m., and when they pass 
over leave a delightfully cool evening. 

Disregarding the periods of extreme high 
temperatures in our country and Brazil, which 
may be taken as the respective summer 
seasons, we find that Sophronitis grandiflora 
enjoys a comparatively cool atmosphere ; in 
fact, one much lower than is required by the 
majority of Cattleyas. On this account 
almost all Sophronitis hybrids should be 
given a relatively cooler situation. One 
usually finds, more especially in amateurs’ 
collections, that these plants are suspended 
near the glass in a very warm house. The 
owner has no doubt paid a high price for 
them, although not an excessive one, when 
their rarity and beauty is considered, and 
quite naturally he selects what is, in his 


VOL. VI. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 39 


opinion, a safe and suitable situation for their 
cultivation. 

The writer has seen S.-C. Doris (S. 
grandiflora x C. aurea) suspended from the 
roof of an unnecessarily warm house, with the 
result that the plant was continually being 
excited, no sooner had one growth started 
than another eye was stimulated into prema- 
ture action. And so it went on, quite half a 
dozen new growths were made in one season, 
and all so weak and drawn that not a single 
one showed the slightest inclination to 
produce a flower bud. It was impossible for 
the plant to rest, or even accumulate reserve 
nutriment, and should it have attempted the 
production of a flower, the resulting strain 
would undoubtedly have brought about its 
early death. 

It is fairly certain that Sophronitis hybrids 
require a cooler atmosphere than many 
growers are accustomed to give them. Not 
so long ago, in a large collection where this 
class of hybrid is well represented, the plants 
rarely made the vigorous growth expected, 
the leaves had a more or less shrivelled 
condition, while the bulbs were never very 
plump. It was decided to adopt a cooler and 
less sunny atmosphere, one approaching that 
of a warm Odontoglossum house. The 
wisdom of this change was soon apparent, the 
plants rapidly grew stronger, the new leaves 
were larger, while there was increased root 
activity which surpassed anything previously 
seen in Sophronitis hybrids. This all 
happened during the summer months; during 
the winter period a minimum temperature of 
60° is advisable, although further experience 
may show that even this figure may be 
reduced with safety and even beneficial 
results. 

In its habit of growth Sophronitis grandi- 
flora resembles closely Lelia pumila and L. 
Jongheana, and both these species have been 
found to benefit considerably when removed 
from the Cattleya house to a warm position in 
the Odontoglossum house during the summer 


months. 
CSE 


34 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


PHAL/ENOPSIS STUARTIANA. 


To: elegant species was discovered by 


Boxall near Surigao, in the extreme 

north-east of the island of Mindanao, 
in- 1881, while collecting Orchids in the 
Philippine Islands for Messrs. Low and Co. 
It is named in honour of the late Mr. Stuart 
Low, father of the present owner of the 
extensive Orchid establishment at Jarvis- 
brook, Sussex. 

Messrs. Veitch’s collector, David Burke, 
also found it in the same locality and around 
Lake Maynit, in north-east Mindanao, where 
it is said to be abundant. Like other species 
of Phalznopsis it is often found in close 
proximity to water, in some cases so close to 
the seashore that it can scarcely fail to be 
washed by the salt spray during the prevalence 
of storms. 

The branching flower spikes carry 
numerous flowers, whitish, the lower half of 
the lateral sepals yellowish, spotted with 
cinnamon-red, as also is the central part of 
the lip. Several distinct varieties have from 
time to time been recorded. The flowering 
season is winter, when the graceful many- 
flowered spikes prove most useful for 
decorative purposes. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM GRANDE.—At the 
meeting of the Manchester Orchid Society, 
October 6th, some unusually fine examples of 
O. grande were exhibited by Mr. O. O. 
Wrigley, of Bridge Hall, Bury. We have 
received a specimen and find that the height 
of the flower-spike itself is over 18 inches, 
with seven large blooms; others, almost as 
tall, carry six flowers each. The variety 
aureum was also well represented with spikes 
of five and six flowers each, while the unique 
nature of this albino form caused the exhibit 
to receive no small amount of attention. O. 
grande proves extremely useful for decorative 
purposes during the autumn months, when its 
attractive flowers are freely produced. It has 
the additional advantage of being an easy 
species to cultivate, although the results 


achieved by Mr. Wrigley are far above the 
average. 


[November, 1915. 


Oncidium Wentworthianum. 
we 


ONCIDIUM SPHEGIFERUM.—First intro- 
duced from Brazil by Messrs. Loddiges in 
1842-3, but there is no evidence that it was 
again seen until 1887 when a plant, supposed 
to have been imported with O. divaricatum or 
O. pulvinatum, flowered with Messrs. Veitch 
and Sons, Chelsea. An herbarium specimen 
was gathered by Miers at Corcovado, near 
Rio de Janeiro. Its bright orange flowers 
render it distinct among cultivated Orchids. 

ONCIDIUM WENTWORTHIANUM.—One of 
the numerous discoveries of Mr. G. Ure 
Skinner in Guatemala. He detected it on the 
mountains of Santa Rosa in 1830, and sent it 
to Mr. Bateman, in whose collection at 
Knypersley it flowered in the following year. 
It was subsequently sent to the Royal 
Horticultural Society, from the same country, 
by Hartweg. It was named in compliment to 
Earl Fitzwilliam, whose collection of Orchids 
at Wentworth, near Rotherham, was at that 
time one of the finest in England. The 
flexuose flower spikes are several feet long, 
much branched, and carry numerous flowers ; 
the sepals and petals yellow blotched with 
red-brown except on the apical area; the 
labellum yellow with some red-brown spots 
around the crest. This species, as well as 
O. sphegiferum, succeeds admirably in the 
intermediate house, where it can obtain a 
good light and ample moisture. 


Oncidium sphegiferum. 


HYBRID ORCHIDS.—We have received from 
Mr. H. Dixon a descriptive priced list of a 
special offer of unflowered hybrid Cattleyas 
and Lelio-Cattleyas, which have been raised 
from some of the finest parents in existence. 


Particulars will be found in our advertisement 
pages. 


November, 1915. | 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Phalenopsis Stuartiana. 


U2 


wn 


36 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Oncidium Papilio. 


|November, 1915. 


November, 1915. | THE ORCHID 


ONCIDIUM PAPILIO. 

HERE was a time when the discovery 
a of a new Orchid was an event of 
considerable importance, and it is by 
no means surprising to find that the first 
impression created by the sight of one so 
curiously constructed as Oncidium, papilio 
amounted to great wonderment amongst 
botanists as well as horticulturists. Going 
back to 1825, when a plant, introduced from 
Trinidad during the previous year, expanded 
for the first time in England its marvellously 
constructed flowers, we find the eminent 
Orchidologist Dr. Lindley stating :—“ The 
name has doubtless been suggested by the 
brilliant colours of the flower, its singular 
form, which may be easily likened to the 
wings, body, antenne and tongue of a 
butterfly, and its fluttermg motion when 
hanging from its stalk, at the extremity of the 

weak, elastic, jointed scape.” 

im. -1633:.5ir joseph “Paxtons gave “an 
illustration of this species in his Magazine of 
Botany, accompanied with the following note: 
—"In almost every tribe of plants there are 
some species which attract universal attention, 
while others are wholly overlooked or 
regarded with comparatively little interest. 
Amongst Orchidaceous plants there are few 
which have been more generally admired, or 
have become greater favourites than the 
beautiful species here illustrated. 

“With little of the striking magnificence 
for which some of the members of this 
charming tribe are remarkable, there is 
something so pleasing and interesting in O. 
papilo that it never fails to engage the eye of 
every lover of plants, and elicit the warmest 
admiration of delight. It is difficult to state 
in what particular part of the plant the attrac- 
tion resides, since every feature is more or 
less intrinsically interesting. Its handsomely- 
maculated and mottled foliage, its slender, 
wiry stem, waving gracefully with the slightest 
agitation of the atmosphere, and surmounted 
by what might readily be mistaken for an 
elegant ephemera, till the observer, in his 
eagerness to possess himself of so beauteous 
a novelty, discovers that it is attached to the 
plant, constituting indeed its flower, and 


WORLD. 37 


playfully abraids Nature for the formation of 
objects so very illusory, conjoined with the 
fact that the flowers are produced in such 
rapid succession that the plant is seldom 
unornamented by them, will in some measure 
account for the high and extensive favour it 
has obtained.” 

In the cultivation of this species a shallow 
depth of compost is essential to its welfare. 
If pots are used they must be filled quite 
half-full of crocks; perhaps pans are better 
suited for the accommodation of this shallow- 
rooting plant, for they can then be suspended 
from the roof, where they will obtain the 
requisite amount of heat and light and 
where, also, they will be able to send forth 
their long spikes in the most effective manner. 
A fairly high temperature is required, with 
abundant atmospheric moisture during the 
growing season; when resting the bulbs often 
assume a slightly shrivelled condition, but no 
harm will occur so long as this is not carried 
to excess. Taken on the whole, the plant 
readily responds to the treatment given to the 
majority of warm-house Orchids, and where 
strong plants exist the flower-spikes may be 
allowed to remain some considerable time, as 
fresh flowers are repeatedly produced during 
several months. 


CATTLEYA KING GEORGE—Of the many 
attempts to produce a yellow Cattleya one of 
the most successful has been obtained by 
Messrs. Flory and Black, who exhibited it at 
the R.H.S., September 28th, when it was 
deservedly awarded a First-class Certificate 
under the name Cattleya King George. The 
parents are Dowiana Rosita and triumphans, 
the latter a little-known hybrid between aurea 
and Rex. The sepals and petals are clear 
golden-yellow, the tips of the latter having a 
few purple spots, while the well-expanded 
labellum is rich crimson-red with fine gold 
tracery. A special feature is the elegant 
manner in which all the segments are 
displayed, the petals being particularly well- 
set. Such a result as this gives considerable 
impetus to Orchid growing, and proves that 
we have by no means reached the limits of 
progress in hybridisation. 


38 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


SEASONABLE NOTES 


HE advent of colder weather, more 
alr especially at night time, necessitates 
extra care in the maintaining of 
suitable temperatures. Plants suspended 
from the roof are often chilled by being too 
close to the glass, and they are frequently 
subjected to condensed moisture falling from 
the sash bars. Where the height of the house 
permits, it is advisable to lengthen the 
suspending wire of the pan or basket, and so 
remove them further from the glass; also, 
when cold nights are expected, the compost 
should not be too freely watered or it may 
fail to dry out as quickly as is desired. These 
may appear simple matters, but they are 
nevertheless worthy of consideration. 

The removal of the old flower spikes 
of Cattleyas and allied genera, also needs 
attention, for if neglected there is a risk of 
setting up decay and black rot in the apex of 
the bulb, and this disease soon spreads and 
ultimately destroys the whole bulb. The 
old flower sheath should be split down the 
sides and each part removed by carefully 
pulling it away in an opposite direction to the 
leaf. The whole of the remaining flower stalk 
is then exposed and may be severed close to 
the bulb by means of a sharp pocket knife. 
In doing this care must be taken that the leaf 
is not cut or otherwise damaged. 

With Odontoglossums and Oncidiums the 
removal of the old flower spike is by no 
means necessary, for as these plants are 
accustomed to accumulate moisture in the 
base of the leaves, there is little fear of any 
serious trouble arising. Even if the cultivator 
desires to remove the remnant of the spike it 
could not be properly done without removing 
or at least damaging some of the leaves, a 
procedure that is certainly to be avoided. 
Oncidium Papilio and O. Kramerianum are 
rare examples in which the old flower 
spike produces fresh flowers during several 
successive months, consequently the cultivator 
should use his discretion as to whether the 
plant is sufficiently strong to carry a spike for 
so long a period. 

Washing the glass is almost a weekly task 


| November, 1915. 


when the houses are situated near large towns. 
The surrounding atmosphere is often of a 
foggy nature during the late autumn months, 
and on this account every means must be 
utilised to procure as much light as possible 
for the plant. Far away in the country there 
is no need to cleanse the glass, except near 
the heating apparatus, where it is bound to 
become dirty through falling soot. Some 
growers are in the habit of allowing the 
permanent shading used on the glass in 


summer time to be gradually worn off by 


rain and frosts, which is a slow process and 
one that causes the light to be unnecessarily 
subdued. The extra labour incurred by 
thoroughly cleansing the glass is_ well 
balanced by an increased ripeness of the 
foliage. 

Rain-water tanks require an occasional 
inspection, for all manner of things find their 
way into them. At this season there is every 
prospect of a fresh supply of water, so no one 
need be afraid of emptying them for the 
purpose of repair and cleansing. Overflow 
pipes and drains must be kept in order, while 
the stokehole drainage is an ever-important 
matter. 

The ground beneath the hot-water pipes 
requires keeping in a moist condition; daily 
attention is necessary, for it is surprising how 
s00n some portions become dry. <A dry 
atmosphere is favourable to thrip, and an 
attack of this insect generally commences at 
the driest portion of the house. When the 
boiler is in contact with or under the 
house considerable evaporation occurs, 
and a plentiful supply of moisture is best 
applied by placing pans of water in convenient 
places. 

The extreme weather conditions to which 
the glass is subjected often brings about the 
loosening of several squares, which then 
admit cold draughts and drip to the detriment 
of plants close by. Many amateurs are 
practical workers, and a few tools with paint 
and putty will soon put things in order once 
again. Frequent changes in the atmosphere 
invariably cause badly fitting doors and 
ventilators, both of which should now be 
examined and repaired where necessary. 


39 


ORCHID WORLD. 


4 
vi 


THE 


November, 1915. ] 


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ay} Woy paonpoiday ‘sour ‘poomAoyy [ey uoydunyg “bsy aT “YAN Aq payqiyxa usya ‘T1161 4siz JaquiaAoN ‘Aza190G 
jeinyNoIoF, TeAoY ‘sayeoyTeD Ssvo-jsuJ pourezqo yoy ‘oseyusied papszosaiun jo ‘spriqAy UWINSSO[SOJUOPG 2d10YD OMT, 


"2u0]Y) Wnsso]s0}U0PC) “sipy J. winsso]s0jUu0pC) 


DHE SORCHID RS WiO KD: 


| November, IQIS.- 


Cattleya Lady Veitch, F.C.C., R.H.S,, Sept. 28th, 1915. 


A beautiful pure white flower between C. Lueddemanniana alba and C. 


Warneri alba. 


Raised and exhibited by Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans. 


November, 1915. | THE ORCHID 


F. ARNOLD, ORCHID COLLECTOR 
1880-86. 


F the many collectors engaged by 
Messrs. Sander and Sons there is 
little doubt that F. Arnold proved 

himself particularly energetic, and apart from 
successfully sending home immense quantities 
of plants, he explored vast tracts of little 
known country in the northern parts of S. 
America. As practically nothing has hitherto 
been published concerning this intrepid 
collector the following account cannot fail to 
be of interest. 
from Arnold’s correspondence, the whole of 
which has recently been handed to us by 
Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

Towards the end of the year 1880 Arnold 
commenced work in Venezuela, where from 
Tovar he sent home no less than 10,000 
Masdevallia tovarensis, as well as M. triangu- 
laris, M. picturata, M. maculata and Restrepia 
elegans. After searching several mountains, 
with little or no good results, he arrived at 
Montalban, only to find that the district had 
previously been denuded of its treasures. 
However, he managed to send wvzd¢ Puerto 
Cabello 23 cases of plants, all described as 
good things, except a Mormodes from Campo 
Amor. He next visited a place described as 
21 rivers and 21 islands, where he saw a 
thousand white Schomburgkias in flower. 

In March, 1881, he successfully journeyed 
to the coast with a grand collection of 7,000 
Masdevallia tovarensis, 2,000 M. maculata, 
500 M. triangularis, all the plants he could 
find of M. picturata, a Masdevallia species 
unknown in Europe, 900 Odontoglossum 
constrictum, 50 Ponthieva maculata, and 
various Oncidiums. Two months later he 
despatched a case containing nine white 
varieties of Cattleya Mossie, then extremely 
valuable, but this was evidently lost, for 
nothing more was heard of it. 

Later on he encountered many difficulties, 
but succeeded in sending 71 cases of botanical 
stuff, which, on flowering, proved to be of 
little commercial value. Eight days were 
occupied in an unsuccessful attempt to 


The particulars are taken 


discover Odontoglossum naevium, although 


WORLD. 41 


some few weeks later he came across a large 
quantity in another locality; but these, on 
flowering, proved to be O. gloriosum album. 
Some idea of the expenses incurred in 
collecting may be gained from the fact that 
while in August Arnold received £250, in less 
than a month he wrote home from Buena 
Vista: “Something to be done here, but no 
money !” 

Merida was the next place visited. He 
described it as having a pleasant climate, 
near by being five mountains, 10,000 feet 
high, known as Sierra Nevada, and a great 
number of woods. Here Arnold was 
fortunate in meeting the last survivor of the 
party who went collecting with Schlim, Funk 
and Wagener about the year 1845, and from 
whom much valuable information was 
obtained. The discoveries consisted of 
many Epidendrums, a new Odontoglossum 
and two large-flowered Maxillarias. After 
journeying for three days a plentiful supply 
of the then very scarce Uropedium Lindenii 
was met with, which proved a_ welcome 
acquisition. Early in October, 1881, Arnold 
despatched his sixth consignment, no_ less 
than 75 cases, containing Anguloas, Epiden- 
drums, Maxillaria grandiflora, Odontoglossum 
odoratum, O. constrictum Sanderianum, O. 
ramosissimum, and various Masdevallias. 

The autumn of 1881 brought news of great 
interest. It was that Arnold had discovered 
a remarkable Cattleya, something like labiata, 
yet not the same. Four plants were seen in 
possession of native people, but no informa- 
tion could be procured as to its real growing 
place. Day after day he continued the search, 
now and again finding time to write home the 
progress he made, which amounted to: “ Still 
trying to find it. Have been again in 
Truxillo about the Cattleya, found some 
which were very faded and different to those 
seen in Merida. Hope to find the right thing 
in Carache. Afraid it is a hopeless job.” 
However, November brought the welcome 
news: “At last, on the track of the Cattleya.” 
And, indeed, it proved correct. Not only was 
the habitat of this species discovered, but 
Arnold actually saw a specimen 8 feet in 
diameter, with 1,000 bulbs and no less than 


42 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


380 flowers! He at once wrote home a 
glowing account of its beautiful nature, and 
how on the steep banks of the rivers, at an 
altitude of 6,000 feet, it grows in perfection. 
Although in places it was very difficult to 
collect, some 40 cases were filled and 
despatched. The following year Messrs. 
Sander and Sons introduced it as Cattleya 
Percivaliana, named in honour of Mr. R. P. 
Percival, an amateur of Birkdale, Southport. 
The original type of C. Percivaliana produced 
flowers almost as large as C. labiata, a fact 
which many older amateurs can call to mind ; 
the present type comes from a totally different 
locality and yields small flowers. 

While at Carache Arnold came across an 
old woman who had possessed for some 12 
or more years a pure white Cattleya, but 
which no amount of persuasion could induce 
her to part with. It had cast a spell of 
happiness on her life, and how could she be 
expected to live without it. “Part with that 
plant,” said she. “No, never!» However, 
Arnold never lost hope, he was a man of 
perseverance, and made up his mind _ to 
succeed. It was not long before he again met 
that proud old soul, this time with success, 
for in a few weeks he was able to send home 
a box labelled one white Cattleya, bought 
from the above old lady. The plant travelled 
safely and ultimately proved to be C. 
Percivaliana alba. It 1s but rarely that an 
albino variety is discovered so soon after the 
typical form. 

The commencement of 1881 found Arnold 
in the district of Pamplona, where he 
discovered a fine species of Masdevallia, not 
unlike Schimiu, an Odontoglossum similar to 
triumphans, and others. The difficulty of 
sending Orchids from here was great. It is 
doubtful, he stated, whether they would still 
be alive on reaching the coast, much less on 
their arrival in Europe. 

Two months at Bucaramanza made Arnold 
very unhappy, for he found it impossible to 
send home anything of value. But one day 
his spirits revived, for he met a man, Paul 
Poko by name, who showed him drawings of 
Odontoglossum blandum, believed to be 
erowing at Matanza, a day’s journey. Arriving 


[November, 1915. 


there he found the information correct, 
blandum was growing with triumphans, and 
flowering during July and August. Cattleyas 
in abundance were also found, but as the 
previous summer had been hot and dry there 
were few in flower. From Bucaramanza he 
packed up 1,100 Odontoglossum triumphans, 
4,550 Masdevallias, 700 Cattleya Mendel 
and 600 Odontoglossums. The hiring of 
mules for carrying this lot to the coast and 
other incidental expenses came to over £90. 
Arnold came back to Europe in charge of 
this consignment, and thus completed the first 
of his memorable journeys to S. America. 


SECOND JOURNEY. 


Towards the end of June, 1882, Arnold 
commenced his second journey, again visiting 
Venezuela, as well as Colombia. His first 
communication mentions the purchase of two 
good mules at 180 dollars. On the way from 
Puerto Nacionale to Ocana he noticed 
Diacrium bicornutum, but it was by no means 
so plentifully distributed as Cyrtopodium 
punctatum. Sobralia virginalis was in flower 
everywhere, the whitish flowers with their 
rose-tinted frilled lip and yellow throat 
created a beautiful picture. Stanhopea insignis 
and a Maxillaria like grandiflora were also 
seen. 

At Matanza the months of July and August 
are dry. Some Cattleya Mendelu, which on 
his previous visit appeared much dried up, 
were now quite plump, although it had not 
rained for a period of five months. Those 
plants growing near rivers and other damp 
places had long thin bulbs, whereas those 
occupying dry situations always had shorter 
and stouter bulbs. More than 2,000 fine 
plants were gathered. The natives talked of 
a black Cattleya, but Arnold suggests this 
must be a Sobralia. 

During August a consignment sent to New 
York contained 20 fine Epidendrum nemorale, 
300 Cattleyas, thin bulbed and spring 
flowering, also 30 Odontoglossum triumphans. 
Cattleya Mendeli was evidently an expensive 
plant to collect, for Arnold remarked : “Thave 
already spent £300.” The rainy season had 


November, 1915. | THE ORCHID 


now set in, and preparations were made for a 
journey to the Cattleya Percivaliana district. 
In October, Oncidium globuliferum was seen 
producing its flowers of golden-yellow spotted 
with red, while Masdevallia Schlimu was in 
ereat abundance. Towards the end of the 
year many excursions were made in the hope 
of finding some valuable things. Cattleyas 
were described as wonderful. Epidendrum 
atropurpureum and its white-lipped variety 
were also noticed. Arnold’s experience taught 
him that in this particular district Orchids 
should be collected in September and 
despatched in October, not later, for the 
continuous rains soon spoil the flowers and 
render careful selection impossible. The 
final consignment of the year consisted of 38 
cases. 
(To be continued.) 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


BRASSO-CATTLEYA BiG BEN.—A fine large 
flower of rose-pink colour, the fringed 
labellum of excellent formation. Raised by 
Mr. Thurgood, in the Rosslyn collection, 
Stamford Hill, the parents being B. Digbyana 
and C. Thurgoodiana. 

CATTLEYA GENERAL Russky.—Messrs. 
Sander and Sons are the raisers of this 
attractive hybrid between amabilis (labiata x 
Warscewiczu) and aurea. 

CATTLEYA LaDy VEITCH—This is an 
excellent addition to the albino section, 
having been produced by crossing Luedde- 
manniana alba and Warneri alba. The snow- 
white flower resembles the former parent, 
while the plant possesses the free-growing 
nature of Warneri. Raised by Messrs. Sander 
and Sons. 

BRASSO-LALIO-CATTLEYA MARGARET L. 
HANBURY.—This is a large and pleasing 
flower of delicate rose-pink colour, evenly 
distributed. The parents are L. prastans and 
B_-C, Mad. Chas. Maron, the habit of the 
former being well seen in the formation of 
tie@abellam, Raised by Mr. Fred. J. 
Hanbury, Brockhurst, East Grinstead. 


WORLD. 43 


BRASSO - LALIO-CATTLEYA GENERAL 
FRENCH. This large flower measures 9 inches 
across and has petals 3 inches in breadth. 
The parents are L.-C. Geo. Woodhams x 
B.-C. Thorntonu, while the colour is light 
rose with orange in the throat. 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA MARS.—An interesting 
cross between C. Maggie Raphael (aurea x 
ian) and B=. Mrs. J. Leemann (. 
Digbyana x C. aurea). The characteristics of 
both parents are combined, thus making an 
attractive flower of yellowish colour. Raised 
by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA DIONE—The result of 
crossing L. purpurata with C. Pittiw, the 
latter a natural hybrid between Schilleriana 
and Harrisoniana. The rose-tinted flower has 
the sepals and petals lined with purple, and 
the three-lobed labellum of similar colour. 
Raised by Mr. F. J. Hanbury, Brockhurst, 
East Grinstead. 

ODONTONIA SCYLLA.— An interesting 
cross between O. cirrhosum and M. vewillaria, 
of a light rose tint, with a few darker spots. 
It forms a companion to Odontonia Ellwoodii 
(O. cirrhosum x M. Bleuana). 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA NESTOR—A useful 
addition to the large-flowering hybrids of 
Brassavola Digbyana, the parentage in this 
example being C. labiata x B.-C. Mad. Chas. 
Maron. Raised by Messrs. Hassall and Co. 

LLIO-CATTLEYA PEARL.—A pure white 
flower, obtained by crossing C. Gaskelliana 
diva rand te -Ce WNoroa. (C..Mossie x L. 
xanthina). Raised by Messrs. Hassall and Co. 

L#@LIO-CATTLEYA KING LEOPOLD.—This 
has been raised in the collection of Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Surrey, 
and results from the crossing of C. Leopoldu 
and L.-C. callistoglossa. The rich purple lp 
is a distinctive feature. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA PALLAS.—An attrac- 
tive hybrid of large size produced by crossing 
B.-C. Digbyano-Mossie and C. Warscewiczi. 
The latter parent, of which the variety 
Sanderiana was used, has imparted additional 
colour to the Brassavola parent. Raised by 
Messrs. Sander and Sons. 


Raised by 


Raised by 


44 DHE ORCHID VW ORED: 


3RASSO-CATTLEYA Doris.—The result of 
crossing B.-C. Mad. Chas. Maron and C. 
Lord Rothschild, the flower being unusually 
large. Raised by Messrs. Flory and Black. 

LA@LIO-CATTLEYA SOULANGE. — L.-C. 
Lustre and C. Dowiana are the parents of 
this excellent hybrid, which has_ well-set 
petals and a large flat lip covered with purple 
mottling. Raised by Messrs. Flory and Black. 

LA@LIO-CATTLEYA ROssETTI. — This 
hybrid between L.-C. Antigone and L.-C. 
bletchleyensis has been raised by Messrs. 
Flory and Black, who have recently exhibited 
a specimen in which the well-expanded 
labellum is of a beautiful crimson colour. 

CATTLEYA COWANL£ ALBA.—Messrs. J. 
and A. McBean have achieved a noteworthy 
success in the production of this elegant 
hybrid, the result of crossing C. Mossi 
Wageneri with C. intertexta Juliette. C. 
intertexta is a hybrid between Mossie and 
Warneri, and was originally flowered by 
Messrs. Yeitch, March, 1897; the variety 
Julietta results from the use of pure white 
forms of the same species. C. Cowanie alba 
inherits the free-growing nature of Warner 
to a marked degree, while the flower 1s larger 
than C. Mossiz Wagener, and bolder in habit. 
Needless to add, all the segments are of the 
purest white, the throat having the usual 
orange coloration. It is a valuable addition 
to the alba section of Cattleyas. 

CATTLEYA KING GEORGE.—This very fine 
hybrid results from the crossing of trumphans 
and Dowiana Rosita. The golden-yellow 
sepals and petals are set in upright style, 
while the large labellum is rich crimson-red 
with fine gold tracery. C. triumphans is a 
hybrid between Rex and aurea. Raised by 
Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough. 


BRASSO-CATTLEYA NODINA.—This is just 
the hybrid for placing in the front row of a 
group or staging, bemg dwarf in habit and 
free-flowering. It results from the crossing of 
Brassavola nodosa and Cattleya Enid, the 
influence of the former species being strongly 
inherited, as seen in the narrow sepals and 
petals and the comparatively large and open 
labellum. The varieties vary from pure white 


[November, 1915. 


to those of light rose with darker marbling on 
the front of the lip. Raised by Messrs. J. 
and A. McBean. 

LA@LIO-CATTLEYA EILEEN.—This neat 
little hybrid is the result of crossing L.-C. 
marginata (L. pumila x C. amabilis) with L.-C. 
callistoglossa. An attractive feature is the 
bright yellow throat. Raised by Mr. J. Collier 
in the Gatton Park collection, Surrey. 


LALIO-CATTLEYA BALMORAL.—In the 
first plant of this hybrid to flower there is a 
close resemblance to Hardyana, but the 
crimson border at the apex of the lip is much 
broader, while the petals are effectively 
marbled with rose-purple. The parents are 
C. Hardyana and L.-C. bella. Raised by 
Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

LA&LIO-CATTLEYA ERICA.—By utilising 
fine varieties of L.-C. St. Gothard and C. 
Impress Frederick this excellent hybrid has 
been produced. Exhibited by Mr. J. Gurney 
Fowler, R.H.S., October 12th, 1915. 

LA@LIO-CATTLEYA SERVIA.—A_ model 
flower, of excellent shape and colour, resulting 
from the crossing of C. Enid and L.-C. St. 
Gothard. Raised by Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co. 

CYPRIPEDIUM GLORIA.—Gaston Bultel and 
Priam are the parents of this excellent hybrid, 
which partakes much of the Fairrieanum 
habit in the petals and the Spicerianum type 
in the dorsal, these two species bemg the 
parents of Priam. Raised by Messrs. Sander 
and Sons. 

ODONTIODA VULCAN.—This is a_ pretty 
hybrid which carried a spike of 9 crimson 
coloured flowers, and resulting from the 
crossing of Od. Clytie (Edwardi x Pescatore1) 
and C. Neetzliana. Raised by Mr. E. «J. 
Hannington in the Chessington collection, 
Streatham Hill, S.W. 

SOPHRO-LZLIO-CATTLEYA DIANA.—This 
quaint little hybrid has been raised by Mr. 
Geo. Day in the Fairlawn collection, Putney. 
The parents are C, Aclandiz and S.-L. 
Gratrixiz, yielding a neat flower of Indian-red 
colour, the lateral lobes of the lip clasping 
the rose-coloured column, the median lobe 
rose-red. 


November, 1915. ] iba ORG END 


WORLD. 45 


Oncidium ampliatum. 


ONCIDIUM AMPLIATUM. 


HIS elegant species was discovered by 
=|: Cuming in 1831-2 near the Gulf of 
Nicoya, in Costa Rica, and introduced 
by Mr. Richd. Harrison, of Liverpool, in 
whose garden it flowered in March, 1835. It 
was subsequently gathered by Mr. G. Ure 
Skinner, Warscewicz, Purdie and _ other 
collectors in various parts of Central America 
from Guatemala to the Isthmus of Panama, 
and whence it has since been frequently 
imported. It has also been detected in 
Trinidad, where herbarium specimens were 
gathered by Dr. Bradford in 1840; and in 
Colombia by Burke, who saw it growing on 
trees overhanging streams flowing into the 
Magdalena at 500-1,000 feet elevation in 
partial shade. 

This species is variable in the size of its 
pseudo-bulbs, leaves and inflorescence, and 
especially in the flowers, which sometimes 
exceed 14 inches in diameter, but are 
frequently much less. The largest form, 
known in gardens as ampliatum mayus, is a 
very handsome one on account of the singular 
purity of the yellow of its labellum. The 
usual flowering season is April and May. 
The spikes generally attain a length of 
3-4 feet, branched towards the extremity. 
Sepals pale yellow blotched with red-brown ; 
petals and labellum bright canary-yellow, 
white behind; crest thick, three-toothed, 
white spotted with red; column with a light 
yellow apical toothed wing and a smaller one 
on each side of the stigma. 


ROVALSFHORTICULTURAL 
DOCIE TY. 


September 28th, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney 
Wilson, W. Bolton, Stuart Low, F. Sander, 
ft. J. Hanbury, T. Armstrong, J. Charlesworth, 
W. H. Hatcher, W. P. Bound, J. Wilson 
Potter, A. Dye, W. H. White, S. W. Flory 
and R. A. Rolfe. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cattleya Lady Veitch (Lueddemanniana 
alba x Warneri alba), from Messrs. Sander 
and Sons, St. Albans.—A very beautiful 
hybrid in which the flower is pure white, of 
well-balanced proportions, and resembling in 
habit the former parent. 

Cattleya King George (triumphans x 
Dowiana Rosita), from Messrs. Flory and 
Black, Slough—A remarkably fine result and 
one of the best of the yellow Cattleyas. The 
large flower has golden-yellow petals set in 
an upright style, while the well-expanded 
labellum is rich crimson-red with fine gold 
tracery. 

AWARD OF MERIT. 


Brasso-Cattleya Mars (C. Maggie Raphael 
x B-C. Mrs. J. Leemann), from Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge Wells— 
An attractive hybrid in which the charac- 
teristics of both parents are pleasingly 
combined. 


40 THE ORCHID 


LINDLEY MEDAL 


To Messrs. Sander and Sons for a 
remarkably fine specimen of Vanda Sander- 
lana, bearing 6 spikes with a total of 42 
flowers, also one spike in bud. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Si Jeremiah Colman, Bart. Gatton Park, 
exhibited Brasso-Cattleya Mrs. J. C. Hirst 
var. alba (B. nodosa x C. Triana ampliata), 
with a spike of 4 white flowers; the new 
Leehio-Cattleya King Leopold (C. Leopoldu 
x L.-C. callistoglossa); U-C. Exleem; and 
Cattleya Alcimeda coerulea (labiata coerulea 
x Gaskelliana coerulescens) with violet-blue 
colouring on the lip. 

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton 
Lane, received a Silver Banksian Medal for 
an effective group of Odontoglossum grande, 
of which there were upwards of 40 fine 
spikes, also Cattleya Iris, and 
Leelio-Cattleyas. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esq. Streatham Hill, 


was awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a 


various 


group containing choice Sophronitis hybrids, 
various Leelio-Cattleyas, Cattleya Hardyana 
and C. Adula. 

Hi: I. Pitt, Esq, Stamford Hull, secured a 
Silver Banksian Medal for an exhibit in which 
were the new Brasso-Cattleya Big Ben, 
Lelio-Cattleya Hector, of rich colour, the 
scarce Odontoglossum bictoniense album, 
Cattleya Fabia, and C. Queen Elizabeth. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq. Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
exhibited Vanda ccerulea, Ashtead Park 
variety, a well-cultivated plant with a spike 
of 15 large flowers. 

E.. R. Ashtons Hse. e@amden™ sank 
Tunbridge Wells, staged Cattleya Iris, a 
strongly grown plant with 2 spikes and 11 
fine flowers. 

H. F. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney, 
exhibited Odontoglossum Goodsonianum, a 
richly coloured hybrid of O. Rossu. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. received a 
Silver Banksian Medal for a neat exhibit, 
containing the rare Catasetum Bungerothu, 
Leho-Cattleya Britannia, with white sepals 


WORLD. | November, 1915. 
and petals, Cattleya’ Fabia, C. Sirius, and 
well-flowered Vanda ccerulea. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons were awarded a 
Silver Banksian Medal for a group in which 
were the new Cattleya General Russky 
(amabilis x aurea), Brasso-Cattleya Pallas, 
Cattleya Mantinu Sander’s var. and the 
elegant Coelogyne Micholitzi. 

Messrs. Cypher and Sons obtained a Silver 
Banksian Medal for an interesting group. 
Mention may be made of Cypripedium 


‘triumphans, C. Rossettu, C. Niobe, Oncidiums 


in variety, Brassavola lineata and Odonto- 
glossum hibernicum. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean were awarded a 
Silver Banksian Medal for an attractive 
exhibit, in which were the new Odontonia 
Scylla (O. cirrhosum x M. vexillaria), S.-L.-C. 
Isis, of a dark rich crimson-purple colour, 
Odontioda Minerva, the curious Masdevallia 
chimera, Cymbidium erythrostylum and the 
handsome Vanda Sanderiana. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. received a 
Silver Banksian Medal for a well-arranged 
group, in which were the handsome Houlletia 
Brocklehurstiana, the blue-flowering Den- 


drobium Victoria Regina, the curious 
Cycnoches  peruvianum and  Oncidium 
muicrochilum. 


Messrs. Armstrong and Brown = staged 
Brasso-Lzlio-Cattleya General French, a 
grand flower measuring 9 inches across ; 
Cattleya Armstrongie, with a spike of 4 
flowers ; Odontoglossum crispum J. S. Moss 
(c. Raymond Crawshay x c. Mossiz), heavily 
blotched with red-brown; and the new 
Odontioda Gloss (Odm. triumphans x Oda. 
Charlesworthii). 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. exhibited their 
new Cattleya Naidia (iridescens x Hardyana), 
C. Sybil iluminata, Lelio-Cattleya Pearl 
(L.-C. Norba x C. Gaskelliana alba), with pure 
white flowers, and a richly-coloured variety of 
©, Beatrice: 

Messrs. Flory and Black staged their new 
Brasso-Cattleya Doris, with an unusually 
large flower, Leelio-Cattleya Soulange (L.-C. 
Lustre x C. Dowiana), and L.-C. Rossettii 
(Antigone x bletchleyensis), with a wide 
labellum of crimson colour. 


November, 1915.] THE :ORCHID 


October 12th, 1915. 


MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir 
Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. 
sec.) Gurney Wilson, Pantia Ralli, Wm. 
Bolton,, A. MeBéan, RK. A.. Rolfe, T. 
Armstrong, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, H. G. 
Alexander, W. H. Hatcher, F. J. Hanbury, 
iW. P. Bound, A. Dye, S.Flory and.C. H. 
Curtis. 


AWARD OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Ajax var. Primrose Dame (Arm- 
strongize x aurea), from Messrs. Armstrong 
and Brown, Tunbridge Wells-——The former 
parent is a hybrid between Hardyana and 
Loddigesu, and when mated with aurea 
produces a delicately coloured flower of 
primrose-yellow, the elongated labellum with 
its crimped margin being old gold, shaded 
with reddish-brown. 


SEEDLING COMMENDATION. 


Odontoglossum Victory (crispum The 
Baroness x Od. hybrid), from Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown. See special note in 
this issue. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


To “Mr, J. Collier, gr. to Sir Jeremiah 
Colman, Bart. for a splendid specimen 
of Cattleya Brownie (Bowringiana x Harri- 
soniana) carrying two spikes, one with 15 
flowers, the other with 13. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a selection 
of choice hybrids, including the new L.-C. 
Servia, L.-C. Thyone, of bright yellow colour, 
Cattleya Dusseldorfei, and several Brasso- 
Cattleyas. Among the species were Odonto- 


WORLD. 47 


glossum grande aureum, Catasetum Randu 
and the pretty Coelogyne Veitchu. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons obtained a Silver 
Flora Medal for a _ pleasing exhibit of 
Cattleya Martinu, many fine varieties being 
included; also Cattleya Fabia alba, C. 
Thayeriana, a dark form of L-C. Fred. 
Gott, Odontoglossum Thisbe (elegans x 
crispum), Cirrhopetalum refractum, and other 
botanical species. 

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton 
Lane, S.W., was awarded a Silver Banksian 
Medal for an excellent exhibit of Odonto- 
glossum grande, comprising some two 
dozen plants, all well cultivated and finely 
flowered. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
Sussex, received a Silver Banksian Medal for 
an extensive group, in which were the quaint 
Bulbophyllum grandiflorum with 4 large 
flowers; Angraecum articulatum with its 
pure white flowers; a neat plant of Lelia 
pumila with 7 flowers; Vanda Kimballiana 
and V. Charlesworthu; as well as Cattleya 
hybrids in variety and autumn-flowering 
Oncidiums. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. Southgate, 
obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for a select 
exhibit of their hybrids, embracing Cattleya 
Sybil, in several beautiful varieties; the new 
C. Naidia; C. Moira, richly coloured; C. 
Adula, a new strain of much promise; and 
several well-flowered plants of Phalaenopsis 
esmeralda. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury, staged 
Leho-Cattleya Haroldiana “ Monkholme 
var.” very dark; Cattleya Venus, particularly 
good; Odontonia brugensis, of soft rose- 
purple colour; and the new L.-C. Erica. 

Richd. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham Hill, 
S.W., exhibited the new Odontioda Vulcan 
(Odm. Clytie x C. Neetzliana), with a spike of 
9 crimson coloured flowers, and Cattleya 
Venus “ Her Majesty,” a splendid variety with 
2 large flowers of orange-gold colour, the 
labellum bronze-crimson. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged 
Coelogyne Mooreana, with a many-flowered 
spike; Cattleya Peetersii, with 2 large 


flowers; and the rare Lelia pumila alba. 


48 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


September 23rd, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (Gn the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, 
J. vans, P. Koster As Re Handleyaeea. 
Hanmer, J, Lupton) Dy Mclteody aaa: 
Morgan, S. Swift, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward and 
H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; Silver Medals 
to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn; J. J. 
Bolton, Esq., Pendleton; and Messrs. Cypher 
and Sons, Cheltenham. 

A Special Vote of Thanks was accorded to 
O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury, for an exhibit 
containing 45 plants of Cypripedium Maudie. 
Other exhibitors included S. Gratrix, Esq., 
Whalley Range; A. J. Oakshott, - Esq, 
Bidston ; and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, 
Bradford. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Brasso-Leho-Cattleya Wotan var. Mrs. J. 
Leemann, a fine well-set flower with deeply- 
fringed labellum, from J. Leemann, Esq. 

Cattleya Venus “Rann Lea var.,” good 
colour, with elongated lip, from H. J. 
Bromilow, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum  crispum murabile and 
Cattleya Katie (aurea x fulvescens), both from 
R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Snowdon (Suzanne Hye de Crom 
x labiata alba), and Lelio-Cattleya Mrs. 
McMaster var. splendens (luminosa x aurea), 
both from J. Leemann, Esq. 


FIRST-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATES 


To Mr. E. Regers; ermtesOs OF Wrieley, 
Esq. for Cypripedium Maudiz and 
Odontoglossum grande. 


October 7th, 1015. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. J. 
Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, P. Foster, 


[November, 1915. 


A. R. Handley, A. J. Keeling; )) aptea 
D. McLeod, L. Sander, W. Shackleton, S. 
Swift, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward and Ho Arias 
(Secretary). 

A. Gold Medal was awarded to W. R. Lee, 
Esq. Heywood, for a very fine exhibit of 
Cattleyas and Cypripediums. A Large Silver 
Medal was given to R. Ashworth, Esq., 
Newchurch ; and Silver Medals to Mrs. R. le 
Doux, West Derby; Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., 
Blackburn; J. J. Bolton, Esq., Pendleton ; 
and Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans. 

Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford, 
staged some interesting Cypripediums, as 
well as Coelogyne Mooreana and Odonto- 
glossums. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum Charlesworthu “ Marlfield 
var.,” large flower, intense colour, from Mrs. 
Role Doux 

Cattleya Fabia “ Rossendale,” good shaped 
flower, from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Peetersu “ West Point var.,” flower 
of good form, pure white sepals and petals, 
lip brilhantly marked, from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Cattleya amabilis “The Knowle var.,” 
flowers of excellent form and _ substance, 
sepals and petals pure white, lp nicely 
marked, from J. Hartley, Esq. 

Cattleya Peeters © beeis vary amanec 
flowers of good form and even colour, from 


We Re Weewiicsa: 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Britannia var. Melanie, C. Minnie 
de Larrinaga, Odontoglossum  eximium 
“Marlfield var.,’ all from Mrs. le Doux. 

Cattleya »Amiel “West)) Pomt Svar. 
(Dusseldorfei x fulvescens), C. Venus “ West 
Point var.,” both from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Odontoglossum illustrissimum var. Janua, 
from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Hildalgle, from the Rev. J. 
Crombleholme. 

Odontoglossum Jasper var. J. J. Bolton, 
from J. J. Bolton, Esq. 

Cattleya Ajax “Orchidhurst var.,” from 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 


No. 3. 


DecemBer, 1915. 


NOT ES. 


THE BORDE HILL COLLECTION.—A large 
portion of the collection formed by Mr. F. D. 
Godman, South Lodge, Horsham, having 
been offered for sale in aid of the British Red 
Cross Society, Sussex Orchidists will be 
gratified to learn that no less than 150 
specimen plants will remain in the county, 
these having been purchased by _ Col. 
Stephenson R. Clarke, C.B., and added to his 
collection at Borde Hill, Cuckfield. 


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CERTIFICATED ORCHIDS.—Visitors to the 
R.H.S. exhibitions have frequently called 
attention to the apparent inconsistencies of 
the Orchid Committee, who award certificates 
to one or two special plants but leave others, 
of equal or greater merit, unrecognised. The 
reason for this so-called unfair treatment 
generally lies in the fact that the plants 
without a card have been honoured on a 
previous occasion. In order to prevent 
further misunderstanding Mr. J. Gurney 
Fowler has provided suitable labels, of 
enamelled iron, indicating that a F.C.C., or 
A.M., as the case may be, has been already 
given to this plant. These labels are the 
property of the R.H.S. and are lent to the 
exhibitor during such time as his plant 
remains on exhibition. 


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ONCIDIUM SPHEGIFERUM.— The - short 
paragraph in the October issue concerning 
this species interested me much. So little 
appears to be known of this very desirable 
plant that I think it must always be scarce. 
I found one, and only one, in the state of 


VOL. VI, 


Parara, Brazil, in a locality where Zygo- 
petalum maxillare was common. Like O. 
Wentworthianum, it is a good grower, and I 
have now three plants by division with seven 
leads, and every lead has flowered each season 
for the past five years. My plant was growing 
on the trunk of an Arucaria braziliensis, about 
25 feet from the ground in a not very light 
situation in the forest. But one plant proves 
no general rule. I tried hard for some days 
to find further plants, but without success.— 
W. /. Kaye, Surbtton. 


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ODONTOGLOSSUM VICTORY.—In the 
November issue of the ORCHID WORLD is an 
excellent reproduction of a remarkable Orchid, 
viz., Odontoglossum Victory. This wonderful 
flower, with its admitted perfect shape and 
marking, together with great substance and 
extraordinary labellum, will appeal to all 
Orchid growers. What a grand achievement 
it is! When one considers the number of 
years during which thousands of hybrids have 
been raised, always with a hope to obtain 
something better and beyond, surely the one 
who accomplishes this ambition is deservedly 
a happy man and worthy of our congratu- 
lations. The reward for years of careful 
thought and labour is here presented in the 
form of a unique flower which raises the 
standard of perfection, thereby creating a 
goal to which Orchidists will turn with pride 
and appreciation. In conclusion, I take the 
opportunity of expressing my thanks for the 
up-to-date information and help the ORCHID 
WORLD affords me-—-Edward Clement, The 
Nook, Alaid stone. 


™N 


50 ; THE 


CyYPRIPEDIUM BOLTONI—The general 
experience of hybridists is that many 
ordinary varieties are flowered before the 
expected wonder makes its appearance. The 
exact reverse has happened with Mr. Wm. 
Bolton, of Warrington, who, in raising 
Cypripedium Bolton (Gnsigne Sandere x 
niveum), found that the first plant to bloom 
produced a china-white flower absolutely 
spotless; every plant since flowered is more 
or less spotted. So in his case the best 
variety appeared first, while the anticipation 
of securing better ones has not been realised. 


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OBITUARY.— The death of Mr. T. Stafford, 
well-known in the North of England as a 
successful Orchid grower, recalls many 
incidents of the past, for his early experience 
was gained in Mr. George Hardy’s celebrated 
collection at Pickering Lodge, Timperley, 
Cheshire. It was in 1884 that Mr. Hardy 
first flowered that elegant natural hybrid 
between Cattleya aurea and C. Warscewiczii, 
now universally known as Cattleya Hardyana. 
At the sale of this collection in 1894 many of 
the best plants were purchased by Mr. Fred 
Hardy, who engaged T. Stafford to cultivate 
them at Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey, 
where he remained until his last days. At 
the Pickering Lodge sale, Mr. F. Hardy paid 
260 guineas for a small plant of Cypripedium 
insigne Sandere, the stock of which was 
increased whenever opportunity presented 
itself, so much so, that not long ago Mr. 
Hardy diminished his holding by disposing 
of 1,000 growths to a certain trade grower. 
Mr. Hardy also purchased Cattleya Mendelii 
Quorn House var. for 150 guineas and C. 
Skinner1 alba, a grand specimen, for 160 
guineas. Other interesting figures realised at 
this sale were Cattleya Mossie Reineckiana, 
160 guineas ; C. Mendeli Firth, 70 guineas ; 
C. Mendel Bluntu, 100 guineas; C. Gaskel- 
hana alba, 38 guineas; C. Schrédere alba, 
160 guineas; Dendrobium Statterianum, 20 
guineas; Lelia purpurata Hardyana, 130 
guineas ; L. crispa superba, a grand specimen, 
52 guineas; Lelio-Cattleya bella, 150 
guineas ; and Sobralia Lucasiana, 46 guineas. 


ORCHID WORLD. 


{ December, 1915. 


SOPHRONITIS HyBrips. — Considerable 
success in the cultivation of Sophronitis 
hybrids is achieved in the collection of Mr. 
H. S. Goodson, Fairlawn, Putney, and a 
selection of flowers, sent by Mr. Geo. E. Day, 
proves that an endless variety of tints exists 
in these neat little Orchids. Four examples 
contain Lelia tenebrosa in their parentage : 
they are S.-L. Gratrixie (S. grandiflora x L. 
tenebrosa), crimson-red; S.-L.-C. Irene (. 
grandiflora x L.-C. Gottoiana), scarlet with 
rose veining; S.-L.-C. Sibyl (L.-C. Haroldiana 
x §.-L. heatonensis), rose-red with purple 
lip; and S.-L.-C. Niobe (L.-C. Gottoiana x 
S.-L. Felicia), rose-purple. Two other 
meritorious flowers are S.-C. Doris (S. 
grandiflora x C. aurea) and S.-C. Atreus (S. 
erandiflora x C. Lawrenceana). Mr. Day also 
sends a flower of Odontoglossum George 
Day, rose tinted with neat reddish spotting, 
doubtless containing O. Rossii in _ its 
parentage. 


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CATTLEYA AMABILIS THE KNOWLE VAR. 
—The re-making of some of the older 
primary hybrids is often effected with 
improved results, more especially when care 
is exercised in the selection of the parents. 
C. amabilis, which was first flowered in 1904, 
has for its parents labiata and Warscewiczu, 
while the more recently raised examples have 
been produced from varieties having white 
sepals and petals and a coloured lip. Mr. 
John Hartley, of The Knowle, Morley, kindly 
sends a realistic painting of a_ beautiful 
variety exhibited by him at the Manchester 
Orchid Society, October 7th, 1915, when it 
obtained a First-class Certificate. The thick- 
textured sepals and petals are pure white, 
while the large, open labellum has the disc 
evenly coloured with mauve-purple, the throat 
golden-yellow inside and light rose-purple on 
the portion enveloping the column. With 
many amateurs the contrast made by the 
coloured labellum and the white sepals and 
petals is considered a meritorious point, and 
is as much valued as the alba or entirely 
pure white flower, 


December, 1915. | THE- “ORCHID 


WORLD. st 


Phalenopsis Rothschildiana. 


PHALZNOPSIS ROTHSCHILDIANA—This 
scarce hybrid was obtained by crossing 
Schilleriana and amabilis, the raisers being 
Messrs. Veitch and Sons, who appear to have 
first flowered it in 1887. The leaves are 
freckled with grey as in the former parent. 
The dorsal sepal and petals white, the outer 
half of the lateral sepals also white, the inner 
half light yellow spotted with purple towards 
the base. The side lobes of the lip pale 
yellow on the inside, spotted with purple at 
the base; the front lobe stained with yellow 
and spotted with red from the base to beyond 
the middle ; the apical area white, the tendrils 
anchor-shaped at the base with the arms 
elongated into slender cirri; crest yellow 
dotted with red-purple. 


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ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.—The 
last meeting of the year will be held Dec. 7th, 
1915. Fellows’ tickets are available for the 
meetings of Jan. 11th and 25th, 1910. 


POLYSTACHYA GRANDIFLORA.—A flower 
of this interesting species comes from Mr. 
Walter R. Scott, The Limes, South Moor, 
Stanley, Durham, who cultivates a varied 
collection of some thousand plants. The 
flowers, carried on vertical spikes, are waxy 
in texture, pale green tinged with purple, and 
with some purple markings on the inner side 
of the lateral sepals and on the lip. When 
figured in the Botanzcal Magazine, February, 
1839, the following note was added :—“A 
native of Sierra Leone, whence it was 
imported by our valued friend Mr. John 
Allcard. In October, 1838, it flowered in the 
stove of that gentleman, who obligingly sent 
us the accompanying drawing by Mrs. 
Withers, Botanical Painter to Her Mayjesty 
the Dowager Queen Adelaide.” Passing on 
to recent times, this species was exhibited by 
the late Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., R.H.S., 
September 11th, 1906, when it obtained a 
Botanical Certificate, the flowers being 
regarded as the largest in the genus. 


re 
to 


CATTLEYA LABIATA.—Albino varieties of 
C. labiata are one of the specialities to be 
seen at Mr. Edward V. Low’s establishment 
at Vale Bridge, Haywards Heath. This 
season they have fully maintained their 
excellence, and thereby created an interesting 
display of bloom, for each variety has its own 
distinguishing features, which remain constant 
year after year. On a recent visit the 
following varieties were among those in 
flower: —Amesiana, Mrs. E. Ashworth, Lady 
Duff, R. I. Measures, fulshawensis, reedley- 
ensis, and a new one bearing the name Sir 
John Jellicoe. The best is undoubtedly an 
alba variety called the King, now flowering 
for the first time in this country; it is of 
exceptionally fine form, with a long, flat 
labellum of the purest white. There are also 
two other very promising white varieties, as 
yet unnamed, and not previously seen in 
England. A novel flower is to be seen in 
labiata Arnoldiana, in which the sepals and 
petals are white, though the latter have a 
suffusion of rose colour through the midrib ; 
it has been styled labiata Arnoldiana, since in 
coloration it resembles the well-known C. 
Mossiz Arnoldiana. 

EPIDENDRUM VITELLINUM AUTUMNALE. 
—But few Orchids excel this Central 
American species for decorative utility, not 
only is the orange-red colour of an attractive 
nature, but the long time the flowers remain 
open is a noteworthy poimt; when removed 
from the plant and placed in water they 
usually keep fresh for a month or even more. 
Like all Orchids, good cultivation is essential 
to the best effect being produced. It has 
been our pleasure to receive some unusually 
fine examples from Mr. O. O. Wrnigley’s 
collection, Bridge Hall, Bury. The average 
height of these spikes is about 2 feet, and 
the number of flowers on each from 25—30. 
When about 30 of these plants were exhibited 
at the Manchester Orchid Society, Nov. 4th, 
1915, a First-class Cultural Certificate was 
awarded to Mr. E. Rogers in recognition of 
his successful cultivation. A descriptive note 
on this species will be found in Vol. IV., 
page 27. 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. [December, 1915. 
ORCHID PROPAGATION.—Although — the 
propagation of Lelias and Cattleyas by 
division of the rhizome is now an everyday 
event, it is questionable whether the originator 
of this useful method will ever be made 
known. The following note, taken from 
the Horticultural Society’s ZTvansactions of 
1835-41, and which must rank amongst the 
very early, if not the earliest, accounts, 
describes how Mr. Perrin, then gardener to 
Mr. Richd. Harrison, succeeded with his 
experiment. “My first trial was on a large 
plant of L. crispa, which had eight old shoots, 
and two young shoots gone over the side of 
the pot. I took a sharp penknife and cut the 
plant through carefully in three places, taking 
care not to disturb the plant, or to cut any of 
the roots. To my great surprise, in a short 
time I had two fine young shoots at the side 
of each old one where I had cut. I have 
now eight young shoots, and, I believe, had I 
cut it through at the side of all the old 
shoots, | should have had 16 young shoots. 
I intend to cut the remainder of the shoots 
through next season. I should say in this 
place that the two young shoots that were on 
the plant, before I cut it through, did not suffer 
by the wound. I think they grew equally as 
strong and faster than before, which makes 
me think that the old part of the plant is of 
no use to the new shoots after they have 
made their roots. I have been informed that 
this method of increasing Orchidaceous 
epiphytes will not succeed, excepting on large 
established plants, but I have tried it on very 
small plants, and have found it answer as well 
as on larger ones.” It is of interest to note 
that Mr. Perrin’s name is perpetuated in 
Leela Perrinii, while Mr. Harrison’s will ever 
be remembered by Cattleya Harrisoniana. 


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CATTLEYA BROWNIA@.—Referring to the 
note on page 28, we have a fine plant which 
this autumn has produced 3 spikes, carrying 
a total of 20 flowers. All our hybrid 
Cattleyas have done well, especially the 
autumn-flowering ones, which have made a 
continuous show since the beginning of 
August——H. Haddon, Lynwood Gardens, 
Penarth. 


December, 1915. | GHEY TORGE DD 


WORLD. 


wn 
Ww 


Calypso borealis, 


CALYPSO BOREALIS. 


HE above photograph of two flowers 

of this charming little member of the 

Orchid family was taken on the 7th 

of May last, from plants flowering in a moist 
border of a cool, shady greenhouse. Here | 
erow also Shortia galacifolia and S. uniflora, 
Schizcehodon, Pyrola uniflora, Epigaea repens, 
various hardy Cypripediums, and a few other 
treasures, either too dwarf or too susceptible 
to drought to be treated in the rock garden. 
Calypso is a native of swamps of the 
northern hemisphere, of northern America, 
as well as of N. Russia, Lapland and Finland, 
and is what is called a monotypic genus. | 
believe that it has no near allies. I see that 
M. H. Correvon (Album des Orchidées de 
LEurope Centrale et Septentrionale) writes 
that it used to occur in the north of Scotland. 
I can find no authority for this statement. 
My plants are 
sphagnum, sifted leaf-soil and silver sand, 


growing in chopped 


VOL. VI. 


with a surface of living sphagnum moss. The 
bulb must not be deeply planted. Like 
Liparis Loeselu and Malaxis, Calypso lkes 
its bulb to be not more than half buried. 
The plant must never be allowed’ to’ get 
really dry. For a few weeks towards the 
end of summer just enough water to keep 
the sphagnum alive will be sufficient, and 
will help to send the plant to rest; but in the 
autumn, when pushing up its solitary leaf 
(October), and also in the spring, when the 
flower spike rises, it will need plenty of water. 
During the winter, as my greenhouse is 
unheated, I keep everything fairly dry. Slugs 
are very fond of the tender young leaf; I find 
Sanitas powder, dusted into crevices where 
the pests may hide, is effective, but it has to 
be frequently renewed, as long as overhead 
watering is going on. I should be glad to hear 
from other growers of this plant, whether the 
leaf always withers before the flower opens, 
as is the case with me?—_W. H. St. Quintin, 
Scampston Hall, Rillington, Y ork. 


ioe) 


54 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[December, 1915. 


Lelio-Cattleya Thais. 


LALELIO-CATTLEYA THAIS. 


EVEN years was at one time considered 
S the shortest period in which a Cattleya 
could be raised from seed and brought 
to the flowering stage. But a better know- 
ledge of the essential conditions of cultivation 
has proved that this weary period of waiting 
can be much reduced. Of course, the species 
included in the parentage have no small 
influence, and while, on the one hand, we see 
very slow progress in Sophronitis hybrids, 
there is, on the other, a comparatively rapid 
growth to be witnessed when species of the 
long-bulbed section are used, as, for example, 
C. Bowringiana and C. Harrisoniana. 
The above photograph shows Leelio- 
Cattleya Thais, a new hybrid, flowering for 
the first time in the collection of Mr. W. H. 


St. Quintin, Scampston Hall, Rillington, 
York. Mr. F. C. Puddle, who cultivates 
these plants with conspicuous success, states 
that the seed was sown in March, 1912, and 
the first plant flowered in October 1915, thus 
covering the short period of 3 years and 
7 months. The flowering bulb measures 
8 inches in height, not including the leaves, 
while the new growth already exceeds it in 
size and bids fair to assume considerable 
proportions. 

The parents of eG thasware ie 
Faustina (L.-C. bletchleyensis x C. Bowring- 
lana) and C. aurea. Although the new 
growth is doubtless attracting much of the 
plant’s vigour, the flowers are of a very 
promising nature, all the segments being 
proportionately broad and of bright purple 
colour, the lip much darker. The two-leaved 


December, 1915. | THE 


condition of the bulbs is derived from C. 
Bowringiana, while other evidence of this 
species may be seen in the several sheaths 
enveloping the bulbs. 


CATTLEYA FURLEYANA. 
URING the last few years Mr. Chas. 
J. Phillips, of The Glebe, Sevenoaks, 
has had an interesting time in 
watching the development of — several 
thousands of seedlings which it has been his 
good fortune to raise from the best parents 
procurable. This interest is now being 
increased as the seedlings reach the flowering 
stage, and we are able to record the first one 
in Cattleya Furleyana, obtained by crossing 
C. Harrisoniana with C. Rhoda (Hardyana x 


Iris). 
The flower shows much of the C. 
Harrisoniana habit, but is _ considerably 


larger than this species, and has compara- 
tively broad petals. In colour bright 
rose-pink, with the open labellum yellowish 
tinged with rose on the front lobe. The 
influence of C. Warscewiczii, derived through 
the Hardyana parent, is seen in the way the 
bright yellow area on the disc is extended 
on to the side lobes of the lip, and also in 
the size of the flower. In this example 
there is no visible evidence of C. bicolor, 
although it is a component of the parental 
formula. 

This is another example of how rapidly 
hybrids made from some of the long-bulbed 
Cattleyas may be cultivated. The cross was 
made Aug. 11th, 1911; the seed sown 
May 4th, 1912; and the first flower produced 
Nov. 8th, 1915; thus covering the short 
period of 34 years from the time of seed 
sowing. 

Mr. C. J. Phillips, who owns a most 
valuable library of Kentish books, has decided 
on the suitable innovation of naming his 
hybrids in honour of celebrated Kent authors, 
and this Cattleya will commemorate R. 
Furley, who wrote the best history of the 
Weald of Kent. 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 


Ur 
ur 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


CATTLEYA BOURDASII—Among the best 
of the C. granulosa hybrids is C. Germania 
(granulosa x Hardyana). Now we have an 
addition to record in C. Bourdasi (Germania 
x Hardyana), raised by Mr. Geo. Day in the 
Fairlawn collection, Putney. Sepals and 
petals buff-yellow, the handsome labellum 
having the front lobe crimson-purple, with 
two bright yellow discs on the upper part. 
The whole flower is of thick substance, a 
quality derived from the granulosa species. 

ODONTIODA LEOPARDINA.—This is the 
result of crossing Odontioda beechensis with 
Odontoglossum Vuylstekei. When exhibited 
by Mr. R. Ashworth, Manchester Orchid 
Society, October 2Ist, 1915, it received an 
Award of Appreciation. 

LA@LIO-CATTLEYA MRS. GEOFFREY 
TAITE——An Award of Merit was given to 
this hybrid when exhibited by Mrs. R. le 
Doux at the Manchester Orchid Society, 
October 21st, 1915. The parents are L.-C. 
Orion and L.-C. Golden Oriole. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA SALONICA—A_ com- 
panion to L.-C. Fascinator, from which it 
was raised, the pollen parent being C. 
Warscewiczii F. M. Beyrodt. Sepals and 
petals pure white, labellum deep purple, disc 
and throat bright yellow. Raised by Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co. 

SOPHRO - L@LIO- CATTLEYA ASHTEAD- 
ENSIS.—The result of crossing S~-L.-C. 
pumeximia (L. pumila x S.-C. eximia) with C. 
Bowringiana. Raised in the Ashtead Park 
collection, Surrey. 

CATTLEYA FALCO.—An excellent hybrid 
between C. Dupreana (Warneri x Warsce- 
wiczil) and C. aurea. Exhibited by Mr. J. 
Gurney Fowler, Royal Horticultural Society, 
October 20th, 1915. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA ANZAC.—An_ unusual 
result obtained by crossing L.-C. Clive and 
L.-C. bletchleyensis, the labellum being 
velvety in nature and of a peculiar maroon 
colour. Raised in the collection of Elizabeth, 
Lady Lawrence, Burford, Dorking. 

SOPHRO-CATTLEYA SALONICA. — An 
attractive hybrid witha flatly displayed flower 
of rose-pink colour. Raised by Messrs. 


50 THE ORCHID 


Armstrong and Brown, the parents being 
S.-C. warnhamensis and C. Fabia. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM PEMBURY.—A very 
attractive hybrid between gandavense and 
eximium. The spike carried 10 whitish 
flowers, with decisive claret-purple blotches, 
the large lip having the apex white. Received 
a First-class Certificate when exhibited by 
Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, R.H.S., November oth, 
IQ15. 

SOPHRO-L&LIO-CATTLEYA SERBIA This 
hybrid between S.-L. pumeximia and C 
labiata has been raised in the Ashtead Park 
collection, Surrey. It is of rich purple colour, 
the lip darker than the sepals and petals. 

CYPRIPEDIUM AUROBE.— This _ hybrid 
between C. aureum and C. Niobe obtained an 
Award of Merit when exhibited by Mr. Philip 
Smith at the Manchester Orchid Society, 
November 4th, 1915. 

CYPRIPEDIUM HILDALGH.—This hybrid 
between bingleyense and Catewayo received 
an Award of Merit, Manchester Orchid 
Society, October 7th, 1915, when exhibited 
by the Rev. J. Crombleholme. Cypripedium 
Catewayo is ciliolare x Gowerianum. 

CYPRIPEDIUM EUPHRATES. — Hitchinsie 
and Milo are the parents of this hybrid. 
Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons and 
exhibited by them, Manchester Orchid 
Society, November 11th, 1915. 

CATTLEYA BERYL.—The parents of this 
neat and prettily coloured hybrid are C. 
Wendlandu (Bowringiana x Warscewiczi1) and 
C. Hardyana. Raised by Mr. J. Collier in the 
Gatton Park collection, Surrey. 

CATTLEYA PURITAN.—A charming result 
with pure white sepals and petals, the labellum 
purple, with narrow white margin. Obtained 
by crossing C. Warscewiczi F. M. Beyrodt 
and C. Maggie Raphael alba. Flowered 
in -Mr, J. Gurney Fowler’s collection, 
Brackenhurst, Pembury. 

CATTLEYA HECATE—Mr. F. C. Puddle 
sends from the Scampston Hall collection, 
Rillington, York, a two-flowered spike of 
this new hybrid between C. Walkeriana and 
C. labiata. Although resembling a small 
variety of labiata, there is clear evidence of 
the other parent to be seen in the shape of 


WORLD. | December, 1915. 


the petals, which, with the other segments, 
are of rose-purple colour. There is a 
peculiarity in the habit of C. Walkeriana 
which distinguishes it from other Cattleyas ; 
the flowers are not produced from the 
summit of the bulbs, but from a small slender 
shoot, growing to a height of 1—14 inches, 
which issues from the rhizome. When first 
formed this shoot is clothed with green 
scales, which, however, soon become dry ; 
the flower-spike arises from the apex of this 
shoot, and after the flowers have withered 
a fresh bud is formed, which, in time, develops 
into the new bulb. 


4 


Odontoglossom crispum Pittianum. 


December, 1915. | DEE “ORGHID 


POPULAR . LA:LIO-CATTLEYAS. 


between Cattleyas and Lelias is 

difficult to determine with any degree 
of accuracy, and there are many others which 
the raisers have never considered worthy to 
exhibit or even record. Taking all these 
into account the total number of Léelio- 
Cattleyas cannot be less than one thousand, 
a very formidable regiment were they all in 
existence at the present time. Happily, many 
of the bad ones have long since disappeared, 
while even those of average merit have given 
place to finer productions. 

True it is that many of us have our own 
particular fancy; what pleases one amateur 
may make no impression on another. That 
this will always be the case no one will deny, 
for the several hybridists of importance may 
each work out their own line of thought and 
strive to bend public opinion in that direction, 
a natural course of events when considered 
from a commercial aspect. 

While novelties are appearing with 
increasing rapidity, it does not follow by any 
means that improvements are being effected 
at the same rate. Now and again a distinct 
section 1s produced, and for the time being no 
small amount of interest is bestowed upon it. 
But apart from these attractions, which assist 
in maintaining our enthusiasm at its highest 
level, there is quite a respectable number of 
early results which seem likely to be constant 
friends; they are, indeed, veterans with a 
seemingly never-ending life. 

Everyone will agree that no collection of 
Lelio-Cattleyas is considered of importance 
unless it contains one or more varieties of 
Aphrodite (Mendeli x purpurata). More than 
twenty years have elapsed since this elegant 
hybrid was first exhibited, and to-day it is 
still with us, and admired almost as much as 
ever. Occasionally it is seen under the name 
Eudora, applied some twelve months later 
than Aphrodite. 

L.-C. Bella (labiata x purpurata) dates from 
1884, since when it has held its own and been 
of considerable value where free-flowering 
plants of strong ‘constitution are desired. 


TT: exact number of recorded hybrids 


VOL. VI, 


WORLD. x7 


~ 


Bella alba, with its white sepals and petals, is 
now to be seen in several collections. 

But few Orchids have achieved greater 
popularity than L.-C. callistoglossa (Warsce- 
wiczil x purpurata). Go where one may it 1s 
always to be found with its tall and stately 
bulbs adding much in its favour. Both 
parents are characterised by a large richly- 
labellum, which 1s invariably 
perpetuated in the hybrid. The year 1882 
marks its appearance. 

Another old favourite is L.-C. Canhamiana 
(Mossi x purpurata), named in honour of one 
of Messrs. Veitch and Sons’ Orchid foremen, 
and first flowered by them in 1885. After 
thirty years trial this grand old hybrid is by 
no means despised, while in many a collection 
it fills a valued space. 

L.-C. Dominiana (aurea x purpurata) has 
become quite a rarity, and may remain so, 
for the reason that it is not easy to obtain 
both parents in flower at the same time, one 
usually flowering in the spring, the other in 
the autumn. It dates from 1878, and is 
unquestionably one of the richest coloured 
Lelio-Cattleyas. 

For the hybrid between Schrédere and 
purpurata the name Fascinator has been 
well chosen, for the flowers are certainly 
fascinating to a marked degree. When the 
cross was first made there were several 
importations of the parental species from 
which to select extremely fine varieties, but 
as these opportunities have not since 
appeared, it is almost impossible to reproduce 
anything approaching in merit the original 
type of hybrid, which first flowered in 1808. 
Fortunately, a few of these special varieties 
of Fascinator are still in existence. 

L.-C. Gottoiana (Warscewiczi x tenebrosa) 
has been known as a natural hybrid since 
1891, but many garden raised forms have 
lately been flowered in various collections. It 
is still a popular hybrid. 

In the old Temple Shows, and more 
recently at Chelsea, there have been some 
fine effects produced by massing selected 
varieties of L-C. Hyeana (purpurata x 
Lawrenceana), and for this reason alone it 
will be cultivated in quantity. 


coloured 


<3 THE 


A hybrid of equal utility is LC. Martinetti 
(Mossie x tenebrosa), also dating from 1899. 
The flowers are often of reddish tints, and 
distinct in point of coloration from the 
majority of Lelio-Cattleyas. 

L.-C. luminosa (aurea x tenebrosa) is now 
by no means common, Years ago, when 
the supply was plentiful, many remarkable 
varieties were to be seen, but it is questionable 
whether these plants are still in cultivation. 
This hybrid is always decorative, and will 
continue in demand on account of its 
beautiful and uncommon coloration, which 
may be briefly described a golden, shaded 
with bronze-red tints. It was first seen in 
flower in 1901. 


CATTLEYA Miss WILLIAMS. — Messrs. 
Stuart Low and Co. have produced a pure 
white variety of this useful hybrid by crossing 
C. Gaskelliana alba “ Richd. Ashworth” with 
C. Loddigesi alba “Stanley's var,” The 
seed, sown about three years ago, germinated 
rapidly, and the plants have made continual 
growth at a surprising rate. The flower may 
be said to be intermediate in size and 
formation, while all the segments are pure 
white, excepting a light yellow area in the 
throat. 


a oS Bey 
4¥ & ¥y 


A CHOICE L&LIO-CATTLEYA—We have 
received from Mr. J. Leemann, West Bank 
House, Heaton Mersey, flowers of a hybrid 
between L.-C. luminosa and C. aurea, which 
are of unusually rich coloration, the sepals 
and petals being of golden hue, and the 
expansive labellum crimson-red, thus making 
a striking result. Mr. S. Smith, when sending 
the flowers, remarked that they are from 
small plants, so their full merit is as yet 
unseen. Doubtless, he will not be long in 
cultivating them to the desired condition. A 
hybrid of this parentage was exhibited at the 
R.H.S.,. September toth, 1912; by Mr. F-. 
Wellesley under the name L.-C. Mrs. Donal 
MacMaster, and on October 8th of the 
same year by Mr. H. S. Goodson as L.-C. 
Carmencita. 


ORCHID WORLD. 


[December, 1915. 


A SUCCESSFUL AMATEUR. 


one of the most perfect object-lessons 

in Orchid culture which has ever come 
under my notice. This is the collection 
owned by Mr. Clements, of The Nook, 
Maidstone, which, although not a large one, 
demonstrates to the full the success to be 
attained by any amateur who, with a little 
perseverance and thought, combined with 
enthusiasm, may accomplish. This enthusiasm, 
which is born of love and interest in these 
beautiful plants, is here stamped on the 
collection. I had heard several times about 
Mr. Clements’ collection, and the fine and 
robust condition which the plants enjoy, but 
I never expected to see the excellence and 
high culture as one finds in evidence here. 
There is an old saying that “Seeing is 
believing,” and never was this phrase more 
exemplified. The conditon of my own little 
collection has pleased me much, but I find I 
must take a back seat in comparison. 

First of all, let me remark that no profes- 
sional assistance is obtained, except that of 
Mrs. Clements, who is as enthusiastic as her 
husband. All the little details pertaining to 
their culture is discharged in turn by both as 
occasion requires, shading, ventilation, etc. 

There are two houses of quite modest 
pretensions, one warm, the other cool. It was 
the latter that first came under inspection, the 
dimensions of which are about 15 feet long 
by 7 feet wide, and which, by the way, is 
situated partly between two residences. There 
is a central pathway with staging on each 
side. One can gauge that the staging capacity 
is not over abundant. Nevertheless, this was 
fully occupied with a mixed collection of 
Orchids suited to the temperature maintained. 

I was astonished at the vigour of the plants, 
comprising many Odontoglossum hybrids and 
species, making huge bulbs and growths, and, 
judging by the spikes visible, they will make 
a superb show presently. Cymbidiums, full 
of fohage, indicating large bulbs and plenty 
of bloom. Lycastes were in similar condition. 
At the warmest end a fine lot of Cypripediums 
were evidently quite at home, judging by 


[sme just had the privilege of inspecting 


December, 1915. | THE ORCHID 


their appearance and abundance of bloom. 
Cypripedium Rossetti, carrying lovely flowers 
of thick substance ; C. Harrisianum, full, too ; 
and a host of others. In this house is a 
splendid example of Bulbophyllum Godsef- 
fanum, bearing several of its quaint and 
curious flowers. Masdevallia Schréderiana, in 
perfect health. I could detect no spotted 
foliage so often present with this genus—a 
model of culture. Mr. Clements told me this 
plant was a mass of bloom some time ago. 
Cattleya citrima, with no indication of 
dwindling away so characteristic with this 
species. A small pan of Sophronitis grandi- 
flora, with 12 growths, which will stand out 
like a beacon when in flower. 

What impressed me most in this house were 
the plants of Oncidium tigrinum. Never have 
I seen finer plants of this species. The huge 
bulbs and thick spikes are graven on my 
mind. I asked how it was done, but Mr. 
Clements assured me that no special treatment 
was meted out to these, all the occupants 
sharing the same conditions. Evidently this 
house possesses some charm. But I must get 
on, for there is the other house to go through. 

Before we entered an amusing incident 
occurred, Mr. Clements asked me to inspect 
his “incubator,” fixed outside the house. 1 
must confess that for the moment I was 
rather puzzled over this, and my mind 
naturally reverted to colonies of fluffy chicks; 
a strange place to rear poultry, | thought. 
But once inside the house the object was 
revealed. True, it was an incubator in the 
fullest sense, busily occupied with bringing 
seeds into being. Here was a glass frame, 
connected with the apparatus outside, in 
which were pots galore containing seeds and 
seedlings, actual and anticipated; embryo 
gems, let us hope. 

A charming spectacle presented itself on 
cntering, some twenty plants of Cattleyas and 
their various hybrids all bearing lovely 
trusses of bloom. A fine plant of C. 
Bowringiana bore three many-flowered trusses 
of a rich colour; Brasso-Cattleya Mad. Chas. 
Maron was lovely; C, Fabia and C. labiata in 
great form and colour. Here, also, were 
robust plants of C. Mendelii and lusty Lelias, 


WORLD. 50 


anceps and Gouldiana, throwing strong spikes 
which promise a continuous display of these 
lovely and richly-coloured Orchids. Rarely 
does one see a well-grown plant of Paphinia 
cristata, but here it is quite at home and 
bearing two spikes, one in flower, of their 
weird and wonderful blooms. The Butterfly 
Orchid, Oncidium papilio, one saw in healthy 
well-leaved specimens with their quaint 
inflorescence. 

I think I have said enough to show what 
can be accomplished by an amateur whose 
business takes him away the greater part of 
the day. Enthusiasm and determination are 
lubricators essential to success, and in these 
qualities Mr. Clements possesses an ample 
supply, which, after all, is the outcome of a 
labour of love. 

One cultural item I almost omitted is that 
plenty of bottom ventilation is a strong point 
here, and testifies, in part, to its wisdom by 
the healthy and vigorous condition of the 
whole collection, of which anyone might feel 
justly proud—H. A. Farmer, Tunbridge 
Wells. 


VANDA SANDERIANA RANN LEA VAR— 
Variation is far more common in some species 
than in others, and it is scarcely necessary to 
state that the larger the number of plants 
cultivated so much more likelihood is there 
of greater variation being seen. Vanda 
Sanderiana, however, has always been a 
scarce plant, and on that account actual 
comparison of varieties has been well-nigh 
impossible. But the Rann Lea_ variety 
certainly impresses one as being far above 
the normal type of this elegant species. 
When it was exhibited by Mr. H. J. Bromilow 
at the Manchester Orchid Society, some two 
years ago, a First-class Certificate was 
awarded, the Committee considering it to be 
the finest variety ever seen at their meetings. 
Mr. W. J. Morgan sends an excellent bloom 
from an eight-flowered spike, which had been 
in perfection in Mr. Bromilow’s collection 
about four weeks, and showed no sign of 
exhaustion. 


60 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


|December, 1915. 


Diacrium hicornutum. 


DIACRIUM BICORNUTUM. 


LTHOUGH for many years classed as 
A an Epidendrum, it was Bentham 
who formed for this species the 
genus Diacrium, remarking that “the peculiar 
bi-cornute labellum, which is neither adnate 
to nor parallel with the column, gives the 
flower a very different aspect from that of the 
true species of Epidendrum, and cannot be 
included in them without doing violence to 
the generic character.” 

D. bicornutum was first introduced by 
Messrs. Shepherd, of Liverpool, in 1838, from 
Trinidad, where it is found growing on rocks 
or small islets so close to the sea that they 
must often be bathed by salt spray; it 
flowered for the first time in this country 
in the collection of Earl Fitzwilliam, at 
Wentworth, in April of the following year. 
Some years later it was detected by Sir 
Robert Schomburgk in Demerara, where it 
grows on the trunks of trees on the banks of 
the river; the flowers of the Demerara plant 
are said to differ from the Trinidad type, in 
having the petals spotted with purple like the 
lip. It has also been gathered in Tobago and 
other West India islands. 

An interesting note occurs in the 
Gardeners Chronicle, May 2nd, _ 1806, 
written by Mr. W. E. Broadway, of Grenada : 
— “On boulders and bare stumps, which 
would otherwise be bare and unsightly objects 
about the Botanic Garden and the Govern- 
ment House Grounds, clumps of this most 


lovely Virgin Mary Orchid have _ been 
planted, and are now in full blossom 
(March 23rd, 18960). The pure white flowers 
with dotted and streaked lip and column 
base fill the air with a delightful aroma, and 
these, massed together in profuse numbers, 
form a very effective sight, glistening in the 
sun as though covered with frost. We have 
a specimen which differs somewhat from the 
ordinary white in this respect, that its flowers 
are purple-tinted, and the lip divisions 
narrower. The flower stems are darkly 
coloured throughout, and in consequence 
show up the white bracts distinctly, and thus 
it resembles D. indivisum. In the other the 
peduncles are green. The sheathing leaf base 
has purple lines, the white form green ones. 
D. indivisum, growing beside its ally, presents 
a muserable comparison; its puny white 
flowers are quickly followed by seed-pods. 
D. bicornutum is a feature of Government 
House Grounds during the early months of 
the year, when its flowers expand in large 
numbers.” 

Cultural Note—This Orchid has frequently 
proved disappointing, a circumstance partly 
due, we have no doubt, to the difficulty of 
importing it in sound condition. Its hollow 
stems are inhabited by small ants, which find 
ingress through a cleft at the base that 
invariably occurs in the new growths under 
cultivation, and probably also in a wild state ; 
they are prone to decay from within, and 
frequently crack during transmission, and in 
however small a degree they may be so 


December, 1915. | THE ORCHID 


affected, the plants never get well established 
in the glass houses of this country, and die 
in the course of two or three years after 
importation. With thoroughly sound plants 
the case is more hopeful; teak baskets are 
usually preferred, and as they require but a 
very small quantity of compost, a good 
drainage can alwavs be secured. The 
compost should consist of the usual propor- 
tions of sphagnum and fibrous peat, with 
which many cultivators mix some pieces of 
charcoal. The habitat of the species indicates 
a high temperature and moist atmosphere, 
and these conditions are therefore necessary, 
especially while the plant is growing. 


DIACRIUM HYBRIDS. 


HE first Diacrium hybrid made its 
appearance in 1905, when, on March 


14th, Messrs. Veitch and Sons 
exhibited at the R.H.S. Dialelia Veitchu (D. 
bicornutum x L. cinnabarina). It carried an 
erect inflorescence, 2 feet in height, the upper 
portion having about 10 flowers, each 
2 inches across, and of varying lilac and 
bronze tints. A Botanical Certificate was 
awarded by the Scientific Committee on 
account of its interesting nature. 

Dialzlia langleyensis (D. bicornutum x L. 
purpurata), which appeared in 1913, was also 
raised by Messrs. Veitch (ORCHID WORLD, 
Vol sli sp. 112); and with the <above 
constitute the only two Dhualelias so far 
recorded. 

Epidiacrium was established to contain the 
hybrids between Diacrium and Epidendrum. 
Scarcely two months had passed since the 
flowering of the first Diacrium hybrid when 
Sir Jeremiah Colman exhibited Epidiacrium 
gattonense (D. bicornutum x E. radicans). It 
resembled a dwarf form of the latter parent, 
and carried a terminal head of reddish-scarlet 
flowers. Exhibited at the R.H.S., May oth, 
1905. 

Epidiacrium Boundii (D. bicornutum x E. 
Ellis), also raised in the Gatton Park 
collection, was exhibited at the R.HLS. 


WORLD. 61 


Scientific Committee, April 10th, 1907. The 
plant bore flowers of a pinkish colour. 

Epidiacrium Colmanu (D. bicornutum x E. 
ciliare) made its appearance in the spring of 
1908 in the same noted collection as the two 
previously mentioned Epidiacriums. 

Diacattleya Colmanie (D. bicornutum x C. 
intermedia nivea) is another interesting result 
obtained in the Gatton Park collection. 
When exhibited at the R.H.S., Feb. 11th, 
1908, it obtained an Award of Merit. The 
flowers, which measured about 34 inches 
across, were pure white, the three-lobed lip 
tinged with sulphur on the front half. 

Diacattleya Sandere (D. bicornutum x C. 
Mendeli) was raised by Messrs. Sander and 
Sons, the flowers being of good shape, white, 
with slight rose markings on the lip. It 
received an Award of Merit, R.H.S, 
April 25thy Tit. 

Diacattleya extraria (D. bicornutum x C. 
Louryana) was first seen in 1909. Its specific 
name is derived from the word extraordinary, 
for this indeed is the nature of the flower as 
well as its parentage. C. Louryana is a 
natural hybrid, probably between bicolor and 
intermedia, which received a_ First-class 
Certificate, RLH.S. May 28th, 1891, when 
exhibited by Messrs. Sander and Sons. D.-C. 
extraria was raised in the collection of Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart. 

Dialeliocattleya embraces the three genera, 
the first example being D.-L.-C. gattonensis 
(D. bicornutum x L.-C. Cappei). Although 
raised in the collection of Sir Jeremiah 
Colman and flowered in 1908, it does not 
appear to have been recorded until two years 
later, when the name Gatton Rose was 
appled. The flowers, however, are not rose- 
coloured but white, so the name gattonensis 
really appears more suitable. 

Dialeliocattleya multi-juga (L.-C. high- 
buryensis x D. bicornutum) made its appear- 
ance in the Gatton Park collection in 1908. 
L.-C. highburyensis is L. cinnabarina x C. 
Lawrenceana, and in order to show how 
ridiculous it would be if raisers persisted in 
attempting to show in the name what the 
parents were, Sir Jeremiah made this an 
example by the following designation :— 


62 THE ORCHID 


Dialeliocattleya — bicorlawrencecinnabarina. 
The shorter appellation under which we 
record it means “many yoked together.” 
Brassodiacrium Colmanize (D. bicornutum 
x Brassavola nodosa) was exhibited in 1909, 
the year in which it first flowered in the 
Gatton Park collection. It is the only 
example yet recorded of a hybrid between 
the two genera Diacrium and Brassavola. 


Zygopetalum maxillare. 


ZYGOPETALUM MAXILLARE.—This_ was 
originally introduced from Rio de Janeiro in 
1829 by Messrs. Loddiges through their 
correspondent Mr. Warre. Nine years later it 
was found on the Organ Mountains by 
Gardner, who was the first to communicate to 
Dr, Lindley the fact that this Orchid always 
grows on the stems of tree-ferns, upon pieces 
of which it is often imported. This species 
was named maxillare by Messrs. Loddiges, 
from the fanciful resemblance of the crest and 
column to the jaws of an animal. The flowers 
are borne 5—7 on erect or slightly nodding 
spikes ; the sepals and petals bronzy-brown 
with light green transverse streaks; the lip 
violet-blue, an unusual colour in Orchids, 
which has caused this plant to be much 
appreciated by amateurs. It is best cultivated 
in the intermediate house, and will well repay 
any extra care bestowed upon it. 


WORLD. [December, 1915. 


F. ARNOLD, ORCHID COLLECTOR 
(continued from p. 43). 
1883. 


The first letter received from Arnold in 
1883 was accompanied by over 1,000 dried 
flowers. _Odontoglossum ramosissimum 1s 
mentioned ; also that round about Merida five 
different Odontoglossums grow, yet all very 
similar in their manner of growth. Of 53 
cases prepared for transport only 18 could be 
sent, the remainder being held up on account 
of the holidays! Early in February San 
Estaban was visited in order to see Cattleya 
Ernestit in flower, which did not appear 
different to C. Lueddemanniana. During 
March 118 cases were despatched to New 
York and 82 to England. Writing from San 
Felipe, June 5th, he remarked that it is 
strange Cattleya Mossie is here known as 
Flor de Lazzo, whereas at Caracas it is called 
Flor de Mayo. The best time for collecting 
this species is April. Efforts to procure pure 
white varieties only ended in the discovery of 
two plants. Arnold finished his letter with 
the news that he was off to a huge forest then 
untravelled, and looked forward to many 
important finds. 

At Coro a few good plants of Schomburgkia 
Humboldti were gathered from very hot and 
dry situations. On another occasion he found 
Cypripedium Lindleyanum, Zygopetalum 
Mackayi, Masdevallia guineensis, Oncidium 
pulchellum and Cattleya Lawrenceana. In 
Merida he came across Masdevallia Schlimii, 
fine specimens with from 4-500 leaves. This 
species was again seen on a journey from 
Colombia to Venezuela, but only small plants 
growing in dry places; also in Pamplona 
and as far as Ocana, where it was rather 
rare. A variety of Odontoglossum odor- 
atum, called latemaculatum, appears to be 
plentiful, any number of plants could be 
collected. 

Towards the end of June Arnold arranged 
to go by sea to Rio Chico in order to search 
the adjoining mountains for white Anguloas, 
but on hearing that the whole country was 


December, 1915. | THE ORCHID 


flooded he changed his plans, About this 
time a white Ornithidium was discovered. At 
Clonia a few large plants of Masdevallia 
picturata were seen, also a white Masdevallia, 
but only two plants. M, Wageneriana, or 
xanthina, was also collected, and Epidendrum 
tovarense. Early in July 23 cases were 
despatched from Caracas, 

During July a journey was made to Bocono 
in order to secure certain Anguloas and large 
Cattleyas, from there to Varenas, a hitherto 
unexplored district, and back again in time to 
see Cattleya Percivaliana in flower and select 
the dark flowering varieties. Three large 
specimens, costing 450, were found near 
Bolivar. The natives often spoke of the 
Anguloas as white, yellow, red, and dark red, 
so Arnold decided to re-visit Bocono during 
the flowering season, which extended from 
March to May. The species proved to be 
uniflora, or eburnea, Ruckeri and its variety 
sanguinea, and Clowesi. Xylobium hyacin- 
thinum was found plentifully distributed all 
over Venezuela. 

It was in October that Arnold described 
how he found Cattleya Mossiz growing at an 
altitude of 3,000 feet and C. Percivaliana at 
4,500, consequently the latter should be 
cultivated in a _ correspondingly cooler 
atmosphere. About 30 cases of plants were 
collected, including C, Percivaliana alba and 
Epidendrum sceptrum. Round about Trujillo 
were large quantities of Peristeria elata, 
commonly known as the Dove Orchid. 

Towards the end of 1883 Messrs, Sander 
and Sons instructed Arnold to travel west of 
Maracaybo, a district which no European had 
previously visited. A projected visit to the 
Sierra de Perija, where it was expected some 
zood thing might be found, was abandoned, 
as it was impossible to get anything out of 
the district. Some 30 years previous there 
was a road to Columbia, but it was now in 
utter ruin, and used by no one. No guides 
could be procured. 

The remainder of the year was spent in 
continuous search. Stanhopea eburnea was 
found in Chirgua, and in other districts 
Uropedium Lindeni, some 80 species of 
Epidendrum, 40 of Maxillaria, a quantity of 


WORLD. 63 


Masdevallia Schlimi, Sobralia virginalis and 
Epidendrum evectum, the latter evidently 
useful and attractive, for Messrs, Sander 
subsequently inquired for a thousand plants. 


1884. 


The beginning of 1884 found Arnold still 
at work collecting Odontoglossum ramosis- 
simum and Masdeyallia Schlimu. Sobralias 
were met with in a growing state and not fit 
for shipment ; one was S. virginalis, the other, 
also flowering in August, known as violacea 
albiflora. Four Odontoglossums found 
growing with odoratum were described by 
Arnold as distinct. He wished them to be 
called O. Arnoldianum, but when flowered in 
England they proved to be O. Schillerianum. 
A new Masdevallia, like Shuttleworthu, and 
one measuring 8 inches across, were also 
found. 

In February were despatched from Bocono 
many -Anguloas, Cattleyas and Odonto- 
glossums. Large numbers of Mawillarias 
were then in flower, but. too~- early for 
Xylobium hyacinthinum. Mormodes  Buc- 
cinator could be obtained at Chirgua and 
Cattleya Mossie from San Felipe. During 
March no less than 84 cases of Orchids were 
despatched. Before packing the Anguloas it 
was found necessary to cut off all the new 
growth, 

The supply of packing cases was evidently 
becoming exhausted, for the next consign- 
ment was sent in eight barrels. It consisted 
of Diacrium bicornutum, Epidendrum Stam- 
fordianum, Oncidium species, Cyrtopodium 
punctatum, and a few white varieties of 
Cattleya Mossiz. When at San Felipe, in 
May, Arnold had the misfortune to meet with 
robbers, who broke open his box and stole 
S277) Ube San Fehpe type of Cattleya 
Mossiz was found to be similar to that 
growing at Bocono, but different to the 
Caracas type. During May, 22 cases of plants 
were collected and sent off from Puerto 
Cabello and 27 from Caracas. Nothing more 
could be done until August, everything being 
in growing condition. Cattleya Gaskelliana 
was the next species collected, also Oncidium 


64 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


bicolor, and others. In September, 60 baskets 
of Orchids were despatched to England. 

At the end of November, despite a 
revolution that had broken out at Ocana, 
Arnold managed to send home one of his 
largest and finest collections. It occupied no 
less than 74 large cases and consisted of 400 
Anguloas, 450 Cypripedium Schlimu, 150 
Rodriguezia secunda, 30 Stanhopea eburnea, 
100 Odontoglossum nevium, 5,000 O. 
triumphans, 5,000 O. Pescatorei, 50 Maxillaria 
venusta, 500 Epidendrum  atropurpureum 
roseum, 400 Xylobium hyacinthinum, 1,500 
Miltonia Phalenopsis, 25 Acineta Humboldti, 
85 Burlingtonias, 150 various Epidendrums, 
300 Physurus, 360 Sobralia virginalis, 600 
Warscewiczellas, as well as Catasetums, 
Mormodes, Oncidiums, and others. 

Towards the end of December he 
despatched another immense _ collection, 
despite the battle in the immediate vicinity. 
No less than 60 bullets passed through his 
slender house. On the very last day of the 
year he shipped 4,000 Ada aurantiaca, and 
then appears to have left the district for a 
safer place near Caracas. 


1885. 


About this period Masdevallias were in 
great request, so Arnold set out to collect a 
further supply of M. tovarensis, some 3,000 
plants, and M. picturata 3,500. Other species 
included M. triangularis and M. Wageneriana. 
With these were despatched 300 Epidendrum 
tovarense, 20 Ponthieva maculata, some 
Barkeria elegans, found near Cumana, and 
Oncidium Papilio and Cycnoches Loddigesii 
from the Colonie. 

Early in June Arnold made plans for 
a full season’s collecting, reserving June- 
August 15th for Cattleya Gaskelliana ; 
August 15th-October 15th for C. Percivaliana; 
November-December at Merida; January- 
February for Anguloa Clowesii; March for 
white C. Mossie; and March-April for 
Cattleyas from San Felipe. During July 
Cumana was in a state of revolution, yet 74 
baskets of plants were despatched. In August 
102 baskets of C, Gaskelliana were sent v7@ 


[December, 1915. 


La Guayra to Europe, Stanhopea Wardu 
being included. C. Gaskelliana had then only 
been discovered about three years, and its 
exact habitat was carefully kept secret lest 
other collectors should get on its track. Its 
real home is round about Carupano, Turumi- 
quire and Barcelona, on the Venezuelan 
coast, west of Trinidad. Arnold's experience 
taught him that this species should not be 
collected from September to May unless it is 
desired to see the plants in flower. 

Trinidad was next visited, where Diacrium 
bicornutum was collected near the coast, 
growing on rocks and the lower branches of 
trees, often so near that it could be gathered 
from a small boat. Having accomplished the 
object of this visit Arnold returned by steamer 
and travelled up the river Orinoco to Bolivar, 
continuing the journey by canoe. While at 
Ciudad he spent £100 in the purchase of 
suitable goods for bartering with the Indians. 
When exploring the upper Orinoco quantities 
of Cattleya superba were discovered, and at 
just the right time for collection, the month 
of December. Here it flowered in May, 
during the rainy season. 


1886. 


Early in January, 1886, Arnold had 
travelled up the Orinoco as far as Maipures, 
above the waterfalls, and 690 miles from the 
sea. Large quantities of Cattleya superba 
were again seen growing profusely. Arnold 
intended making way to the Duida mountains, 
but the letter he wrote, full of hope and 
success, proved to be his last. On June 20th, 
1886, Messrs. Sander and Sons received the 
sad news that this intrepid collector and 
explorer had died at S. Fernando, on the 
Orinoco. Born in 1861, the extreme hardships 
he endured in a treacherous climate closed 
his life at the early age of 25. 


PHAL.ZNOPSIS APHRODITE.— This beautiful 
species, a native of the Philippines, produces 
arching spikes with pure white flowers, the 
hp spotted with purple and with a pale 
yellow stain on each side. 


December, 1915. | 


THE 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 


Phalenopsis Aphrodite. 


6 


66 THE ORCHID WORLD. [December, 1915. 


Celogyne pandurata. 


December, 1915. | AMalED 


SEASONABLE NOTES. 


end of winter Lelia anceps makes a 

fine show with its tall and graceful 
flower-spikes. Occasionally the flower-buds 
are spoilt by an accumulation of gummy 
matter, and it is as well to remedy this by 
sponging with clean water or weak insecti- 
cide. In their native home it may be that 
these Leelias are subject to rain and heavy 
dew, which removes much of this gum, so 
amateurs need not hesitate to carry out what, 
in their opinion, may be an_ unnatural 
procedure. 

Dendrobium buds are now fast becoming 
visible on the stronger and_ well-ripened 
stems. In order to extend the flowering 
season a few of the most forward plants 
should be placed in a slightly higher tempera- 
ture, say of 60—65°, with an increased supply 
of moisture, taking care that these changes 
are brought about gradually. The majority 
of Dendrobiums will require _ periodical 
examination in order to ascertain the 
condition of the bulbs; any that are shrivelled 
for the want of water are best dipped in a 
pail of rain-water for a few moments, which 
will be found a more efficient method of 
uniformly damping the whole of the 
compost, for when water is poured on a very 
dry surface much of it will run off. Some 
bulbs are shrivelled not because the compost 
is dry, but on account of the roots being dead 
and unable to convey moisture. When this 
is the case no flowers should be allowed to 
develop, and the plant will require very 
careful cultivation for some time to come. In 
large specimens some of the bulbs may need 
re-arranging so that the flowers may be 
effectively distributed and have ample room 
to develop. Although D. Wardianum is 
exhibited at the Shows with the bulbs tied in 
an upright position, this 1s by no means 
necessary, and quite a pretty effect is 
produced by allowing the bulbs to bend over 
the pot or basket ; when so grown the plants 
must be elevated on a stand or suspended 
from the roof. 

In the Cattleya house many excellent 


EB a. early December until almost the 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 67 


hybrids are in flower and perhaps a larger 
number in bud. All such plants require a 
light position and every means employed to 
favour their development. Most houses have 
a suitable place for suspending a few plants, 
by means of wire holders, well up to the light, 
where they are less liable to be damaged by 
being knocked over or attacked by slugs, but 
always take care that they are not suspended 
just under a place where condensed moisture 
will fall whenever the nights are cold. Cattleya 
Percivaliana will soon be in flower, followed 
by C. Triane. All plants not in flower or 
active growth will require very little water at 
this time of the year, and in many cases a 
daily damping down and syringing between 
the pots 1s all that is necessary to produce a 
suitable atmosphere. 

Odontoglossums are making slow progress, 
nevertheless they must on no account be 
neglected. Ventilation must be provided 
whenever the outside conditions are not 
unduly severe. No plants dislike more than 
these a stuffy atmosphere. Always keep a 
look-out for the flower-spikes and keep them 
clean in their early stage of development. 
Many a time an amateur is disappointed on 
finding that the spike stops short after 
growing about 6 inches, and has a rusty- 
brown appearance, which is entirely due to 
thrip. When once a plant or even a spike has 
received a decided check it is well nigh 
hopeless to resuscitate it into a vigorous 
condition. 

Cypripediums are still making a good show 
in many collections, and apart from 
re-arranging them as some go off flower and 
others commence, there is little work to be 
done. C. insigne is usually one of the first to 
finish flowering, and where plants require a 
shift into larger pots a start may now be 
made. In the case of plants which require 
dividing into several pieces, necessitating 
considerable root disturbance, it is advisable 
to defer this operation until early in the 
new year, when more favourable growing 
conditions exist. Any spare time may now be 
profitably occupied in preparing the compost 
and selecting the requisite pots and pans. 

Calanthes are particularly useful for 


68 THE ORCHID: WORD: 


making a gay show during the dullest part of 
the winter, and when well cultivated are 
worthy of a prominent place. Where space is 
limited, Calanthes of the deciduous section 
may be turned out of their pots soon after the 
flower spikes are cut, and the bulbs shaken 
clear of the compost and placed in shallow 
boxes, perhaps a few crocks being used to 
keep them steady. When an increase of the 
stock, or of any particular variety is desired, 
the old bulbs may be detached, when they 
will push forth new growth at the proper 
season. These bulbs should be placed in a 
light, airy and warm position, and no water 
will be required until the early spring, when 
they are potted up again. In separating the 
bulbs care is needed, for Calanthes are of 
somewhat brittle nature. 


Miltonioda Harwoodii, Fowler’s var. 
(C. Noetzliana X M. vexillaria), 
JMOKC, JRE ES Illy Nat, UDG. 


[December, 1915. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY: 


October 26th, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney. Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Stuart Low, 
F. J. Hanbury, Pantia Ralli, W.- Cobb, J. 
Charlesworth, A. McBean, J. Cypher, H. G. 
Alexander, C. H. Curtis, A. Dye, S. Flory, W. 
Bolton, R. A. Rolfe and Gurney Wilson. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Cattleya Luegez, Fowler’s variety (aurea x 
Enid), from J. Gurney Fowler, E'sq., Pembury. 
—A gorgeous hybrid with wavy-edged sepals 
and petals of rose-purple, the extensive 
labellum ruby-purple in front, the throat and 
disc golden-yellow. The spike carried 4 
flowers and proved a most attractive object. 


AWARD OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Moira rubra (Fabia x Mantinii), 
from Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate-— 
This hybrid was originally raised and 
exhibited by Messrs. Hassall, and the variety 
now shown is of a richer colour than any 
previous examples. In general form it 
resembles the latter parent, but it is 
considerably larger. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., received a Silver 
Flora Medal for an exhibit of choice Orchids, 
including Leelio-Cattleya Numidia, with a 
spike of 4 reddish-crimson flowers; the new 
Cattleya Falco (Dupreana x aurea); C. Fabia 
alba; several varieties of C. labiata alba, two 
of which had previously been certificated ; 
and good forms of C, Mantinui. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
Surrey, exhibited the new Cattleya Beryl; 
C. Alcimeda ccerulea, with a spike of 3 flowers, 
the lip bluish ; the rare Dendrobium bigibbum 
“Lady Colman,” with two spikes of pure 
white flowers; Lelio-Cattleya Lucasiana 
“Gatton Park var.” with an exceedingly 


December, 1915. | EME: 


dark lip; and three varieties of Cattleya 
Drapsiana. 

Elizabeth, Lady Lawrence, Burford, 
showed Lzelio-Cattleya Anzac (L.-C. Clive x 
L.-C. bletchleyensis), with 2 flowers, having 
broad petals of purple colour, the labellum 
maroon with a velvety finish. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq. Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
exhibited S.-L-C. Ashteadensis (S.-L.-C. 
pumeximia x C. Bowringiana), with a spike 
of 4 flowers of good shape and rich colour. 

ne i. Pitt, -—Esq., Stamtord “Hill; staged 
Brasso-Cattleya William Pitt, a well-formed 
large flower of rose-purple colour. 

R. G. Vhwaites, Esq; Streatham -Hull, 
exhibited Sophro-Cattleya Blackii “The 
Cardinal,” a bright red flower. 

Walter Cobb, Esq. Rusper, showed 
Cattleya Fabia, Cobb’s variety, very dark and 
of good shape. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for a group containing the pretty Trichopilia 
Gouldu; Cattleya lucida, with a spike of 7 
flowers; the new Lelio-Cattleya Salonica 
(L.-C. Fascinator x C. Warscewiczi F. M. 
Beyrodt), with white sepals and petals and 
deep purple labellum ; Odontoglossum grande 
aureum ; as well as other interesting hybrids. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
obtained a Silver Flora Medal for an extensive 
collection of rare species, the Cirrhopetalums 
and Bulbophyllums being of more than 
ordinary interest. Hybrids included Cattleya 
Fabia alba, Lelio-Cattleya Walter Gott and 
Cypripedium Maudie. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
were awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a 
varied collection of Cattleya hybrids, the best 
being C. Hardyana, C. Peetersii perfecta and 
C. Boadicea. Good varieties of C. labiata 
alba and Vanda ccerulea were also shown. 

Messrs. Hassall. and — Co.,; - Southgate, 
obtained a Silver Flora Medal for a selection 
of their new strain of Cattleya Adula, C. Sybil 
with six richly coloured flowers, C. Fabia alba, 
C. Peetersu, and Cypripediums in variety. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
were awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an 
attractive exhibit, in which were excellent 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 69 


Odontoglossums and Cymbidiums, the latter 
including a 16-flowered spike of C. Doris. 
Other meritorious plants were L.-C. Baroness 
Schroder, Cattleya Katie (fulvescens x aurea), 
richly coloured C. Fabia and a varied selection 
of Odontiodas. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged 
good forms of their new L.-C. Soulange, one 
being a model flower with effective purple 
marbling on the lip. Good varieties of L.-C. 
luminosa and C. Peetersii were also exhibited. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, staged S.-L.-C. Salonica (L.-C. warn- 
hamensis x C. Fabia) with a pleasing flower 
of rose-pink colour. 


November oth, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir 
Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. 
sec.) Panta Rall F-J.. Hanbury, J. . W. 
Potter, F. M. Ogilvie, T. Armstrong, W. 
Cobb, J. Cypher, W. H. Hatcher, Gurney 
Wulson, W.. P. Bound, C.-H. Curtis, A. Dye, 
S. W. Flory, W. H. White, J. Charlesworth 
and A. McBean. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Odontoglossum Pembury (gandavense x 
eximium), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., 
Brackenhurst, Pembury.—A very attractive 
hybrid, with a spike of 11 whitish flowers 
decisively blotched with claret-purple, the 
large lip having the apex white. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Vanda luzonica, from Messrs. Sander and 
Sons, St. Albans——An interesting species 
from the Island of Luzon, and in habit 
resembling V. tricolor. The erect spike bore 
6 whitish flowers, the sepals and petals having 
a narrow rose-purple line at their base, the 
front lobe of the lip violet-purple. 

Brasso-Cattleya Admiral Jellicoe “ Broad- 
lands variety” (B.-C. Digbyano-Mossie x 
C. Lord Rothschild), from E. R. Ashton, Esq., 
Camden Park, Tunbridge Wells——A large 
flower of excellent formation and rose-pink 


z0 THE ORCHID 


colour, the expansive labellum crimped at 
the margin, the wide area in the throat yellow. 
Very attractive. 

Sophro-Cattleya Pearl (S.-C. Doris x C. 
Portia magnifica), from Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean, Cooksbridge——This hybrid carried 
a flower with unusually broad segments, and 
is a fine advance on previous hybrids of the 
In colour dark rose- 
purple, the lip more intense. 


Bowringiana section. 


SEEDLING COMMENDATION. 


Odentoglossum Doris nobilior (Ossulstonu 
x crispum), from Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown, Tunbridge Wells.—Although _ this 
seedling was in an undeveloped state it 
showed considerable promise, the fleshy 
segments being of good shape and blotched 
with dark red. In its parentage it is related 
to Odontoglossum Victory, with which it 
agrees in having a well-developed labellum. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


J.Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury, exhibited 
several splendid Orchids, including the dark 
Cattleya Fabia Fowler’s variety; Odonto- 
glossum Smithu, very beautiful with a spike 
of four richly coloured flowers; Lycaste 
Imschootiana; Cypripedium Arthurianum 
giganteum, extra large; and the new 
Cattleya Puritan (Warscewiczi F. M. 
Beyrodt x Maggie Raphael alba) with pure 
white sepals and petals. 

F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, 
Oxford, exhibited Odontioda Sheila, of 
unrecorded parentage, but suggesting Wilck- 
eanum by the shape of the petals with their 
toothed edge. In colour rose-red with a 
purple margin. The flowers are equal in size 
to. many Odontoglossums. Cypripedium 
Elatior “The Shrubbery var.,’ which has 
previously obtained a F.C.C., was also shown. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq, Ashtead Park, exhibited 
the new Sophro-Lzlio-Cattleya Serbia (S.-C. 
pumeximia x C. labiata)—-Flower of rich 
purple colour, the lip darker than the other 
segments. 

Messrs. 


Charlesworth and Co. were 


WORLD. [December, 1915. 


awarded a Silver’ Flora Medal for an 
extensive group containing many choice 
things, among them being Leelio-Cattleya 
Phceebus, the large L.-C. St. Gothard, an 
excellent variety of L.-C. Golden Oriole, the 
pretty L.-C. Smilax, Cattleya Antiope, yellow 
tinged with rose, and Odontoglossum Ceres 
Goodson’s variety. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons received a Silver 
Flora Medal for an excellent exhibit of 
Cypripediums; Cattleya Princess Royal var. 
alba; the curious Cirrhopetalum  hirtum ; 
Manillaria nigrescens; Cattleya Tokyo, of 
unrecorded parentage, the yellow flower 
having a large purple blotch on the front of 
the lip; and many dark varieties of Cattleya 
Fabia. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons obtained a 
Silver Flora Medal for a comprehensive 
exhibit of Cypripediums, of which C. Leeanum 
Ballize was remarkable on account of its 
frilled dorsal sepal. Other interesting plants 
were Dendrobium Phalenopsis splendens, 
quite the darkest variety, and D. P. 
hololeucum, a charming white flower. 
Miltonia candida, with 13 flowers, and a good 
variety of L.-C. Lustre were also shown. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. were awarded 
a Silver Banksian Medal for a _ group 
containing a fine specimen of Cirrhopetalum 
ornatissimum, with 6 umbels of flowers; two 
choice varieties of Sophro-Cattleya Doris ; 
Cattleya Moira and C. Boadicea, as well as 
good Cypripediums. A _ plant of interest 
was Cattleya Miss Williams (Gaskelliana 
alba x Loddigesiu Stanleyi), with pure white 
flowers. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean secured a Silver 
Banksian Medal for a neat exhibit, embracing 
two fine plants of Cymbidium Doris, with 15 
and 17 flowers respectively; an excellent 
variety of Cattleya Hardyana; C. aurea; C. 
Lord Rothschild, very pleasing; L.-C. 
luminosa, of an uncommon tint; and select 
Cypripediums. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown showed 
Odontoglossum Thisbe superbum (elegans x 
crispum), a pretty flower, and Cirrhopetalum 
gracillimum, carrying several spikes of 
slender golden-red flowers. 


December, 1915. | Ate 


Messrs. Flory and Black exhibited B.-L.-C. 
Morna superba, with 2 large flowers of clear 
light rose colour; L.-C. Bola, with 4 


handsome flowers; and a choice variety of 
L.-C. Barbarossa. 


Nov. 23rd, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J; Gurney Towler, Esq- Gn the chair), Sir 
Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. 
sec.), Stuart Low, R. A. Rolfe, F. J. Hanbury, 
Pantia Ralli, R. G. Thwaites, T. Armstrong, 
W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H. 
Hatcher, C. H. Curtis, H. G. Alexander, 
S. W. Flory, A. Dye, J. W. Potter, Wm. Bolton 
and Gurney Wilson. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 
ielie-Cattleya Alex (L-C. Tunis. x -C. 


aurea), from Messrs. Stuart Low and Co.— 
A richly coloured flower of coppery-red 
colour, the labellum ruby-crimson. The 
spike carried three large flowers, with all the 
segments well-set and proportionately broad. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium Iona (bellatulum x Fairrie- 
anum), from R. Windsor Rickards, Esq., Usk 
Priory, Monmouthshire—-An improvement 
on the variety previously certificated, the 
segments being effectively lined and spotted 
with crimson-purple. 

Cypripedium Priory Beauty (Earl of 
Tankerville x ?), from R. Windsor Rickards, 
Esq.—A noble flower, with the large round 
dorsal sepal boldly spotted with dark 
chocolate, the broad petals and large lip 
mahogany-brown. 

Cypripedium Swallowtail (Fairrieanum x 
Mons. le Curte), from R. Windsor Rickards, 
Esq.—A very pretty hybrid, with the dorsal 
sepal and the petals evenly spotted with 
dark purple. The habit of Fairrieanum is 
plainly visible in the habit of the petals. 
_ Leelio-Cattleya King Manoel, from J. 
Gurney Fowler, Esq—This hybrid is 
noteworthy on account of its rich reddish 
coloration; the crimson lip has a_ bright 
yellow isthmus. 

Cattleya Maggie Raphael alba (Triane 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 71 


alba x aurea), from Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown.—One of the best varieties of this 
elegant winter flowering hybrid. The broad 
petals, as well as the sepals, being pure 
white. 

OTHER EXHIBITS. 


R. Windsor Rickards, Esq., Usk Priory, 
Monmouthshire, was awarded a_ Silver 
Flora Medal for an excellent exhibit of 
Cypripediums, including a very large variety 
of Rossettu; the elegant Satyr (Beryl x 
Hera Euryades); Dreadnought, an excellent 
flower; as well as several others of a 
meritorious kind. The Usk Priory variety 
of L.-C. luminosa, with cream-yellow sepals 
and petals, as well as the new Cattleya 
Amiel (Dusseldorfei x fulvescens), and a fine 
form of B-C. Clifton were all included. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. received a 
Silver Flora Medal for an extensive exhibit, 
in which were B-L-C. Cooksonii, with 
orange-red flowers; L.-C. Salonika; the 
pretty Odontoglossum Ceres; Odontioda 
Joan; Miultonia vexillaria Hesperia, with a 
blotched lp; and well-flowered plants of 
Trichopilia Gouldu and T. suavis. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons obtained a 
Silver Banksian Medal for a group of 
interesting species, including Saccolabium 
calceolare, Masdevallia 
Ccelogyne Mooreana. Novelties were to be 
seen in Cattleya Snow Queen (Gaskelliana 
alba x Suzanne H. de Crom) and Cattleya 
Peacock (fulvescens x Hardyana). 

Messrs. Cypher and Sons were awarded 
a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat exhibit 
of Cypripediums, embracing fine varieties of 
Rossetti, Dreadnought, Oberon, and Niobe. 
A special feature was the extensive display 
of choice varieties of Leeanum. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury, exhibited 
several very choice specimens, including 
L.-C. Mrs. Evelyn Norrie, with golden-yellow 
sepals and petals, the broad labellum deep 
crimson; L-C. Nelthorpe  Beauclerk; 
Cypripedium Leeanum “J. G. Fowler’; 
C. Ernest Read, a bold flower, as well as 
Cattleya Luegee with a spike of 4 large 
flowers. 


macrura, and 


to 


NI 


Messrs. Armstrong and Brown showed a 
wide selection of promising hybrids, many 
flowering for the first time. The best were 
Cattleya Rhoda var. Primrose Dame, with 
primrose-yellow segments; the new B.-C. 
Apollo (C. Mendeli x B.-C. Digbyano 
Mossi) ; Odontoglossum Doris, very 
promising ; a good selection of Cypripediums, 
and several excellent Lzelio-Cattleyas. 

(To be continued.) 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


October 21st, 1915. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (Gn the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. Cypher, A. G. 
Ellwood, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, 
Aj Hanmer, J. Lupton; DS Mcleady Wale 
Morgan, W. Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, 
Z. A. Ward, G. Weatherby and H. Arthur 
(Secretary). 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, and Col. J. 
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn. Silver Medals 
were granted to Mrs. R. le Doux, West 
Derby; Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Chelten- 
ham; and Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. 
Albans. A Bronze Medal was awarded to 
Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford. 

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury, staged a fine 
batch of over 20 plants of Cypripedium 
Farrieanum, carrying up to 7 flowers on a 
plant, some spikes having two. 

H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rainhill, staged 


excellent Cypripediums. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum percultum var. Mad. R. le 
Doux, fine flowers, heavily marked. From 
Mrs. R. le Doux. 

Cattleya Fabia var. Samuel Gratrix, an 
excellent variety with large flowers of dark 
colour. From S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Cattleya labiata var. R. Ashworth, a large 
well-set flower, white with orange lines in the 
throat. From R. Ashworth, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 
Cattleya Lady Veitch var. Mrs. S. Gratrix 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. [December, 1915. 


and Odonioglossum Victory var. Gratrixie. 
Both from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Lelio-Cattleya Mrs. Geoffrey Taite (L.-C. 
Orion x L.-C. Golden Oriole). From Mrs. le 
Doux. 

Cattleya labiata 
Ashworth, Esq. 

Sophro-Cattleya November. From Messrs. 
J. and A. McBean. 


AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 


Piromeine 


Lowie. 


Odontioda Leopardina (Oda. beechensis x 
Odm. Vuylsteke1). From R. Ashworth, Esq. 


FIRST-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 


To Mr. S. Rogers, gr. to O. O. Wrigley, 
Esq., for Cypripedium Fairrieanum. 


November 4th, 1915. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, A. R. Handley, A. Hanmer, J. 
Lupton, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, W. 
Shackleton, -S. Swift, H.. Vhorpsamcmmte 
Arthur (Secretary). 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, for a fine exhibit 
of Cattleyas, Odontoglossums and Cypri- 
pediums. A Silver Medal was granted to 
Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn. 

Other exhibitors included H. J. Bromilow, 
Esq. Rainhill; O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury ; 
Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby; P. Smith, 
Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey; Messrs. A. J. 
Keeling and Sons, Bradford; Mr. W. 
Shackleton, Bradford; and Messrs. Sander 
and Sons, who were awarded a Special Vote 
of Thanks for an exhibit of fine varieties of 
Cattleya Fabia. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 
Cypripedium Acteus var. Arthur Oakshott, 
From Mrs. le Doux. 
Brasso-Cattleya The Czar. 
Ashworth, Esq. 


Cypripedium Aurobe (aureum x Niobe). 
From P. Smith, Esq. 


From R. 


FIRST-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 


To Mr. E. Rogers, gr. to O. O. Wrigley, 
I:sq., for about 30 plants of Epidendrum 
vitellinum autumnale. 


JED. 
Gls eee 


YASS 
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DET RGTS Wats 


E THE ost WORLD. EI 


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January, 1916. on 


NOES: 


SUCESSFUL. CULTIVATION 4° IN“ \ iS. 
AUSTRALIA.—I have just flowered a fine 
specimen of Angraecum sesquipedale. It 
carries 15 flowers, with one spike of 5, two of 
A and. one of, 2. This is. one short of the 
specimen illustrated in the ORCHID WORLD, 
Vol. IL, p. 195. Has this Angraecum been 
recorded as carrying more than 5 flowers on 
one spike? I have also two specimen plants 
of Cattleya Lawrenceana, which this season 
have carried 51 flowers between them, there 
being nine spikes of 5, and one of 0. 
Baxter Cox, Adelaide, S. Australia. 


BACK BULBS.—Apart from a_ beneficial 
influence on the plant, the removal of the back 
oulbs is of value as a means of increasing the 
stock of any special variety. Years ago, when 
collections were chiefly composed of imported 
plants, it was not an easy matter to excite 
these old bulbs into activity, and various 
means were adopted to secure success, among 
them being the suspension of the bulbs above 
the staging, or else placing them in small 
pots partly filled with crocks. Only by half 
starving the bulbs in this manner did they 
strive to continue their existence by pushing 
forth a growth from one of the basal buds. 
But with Orchids raised from seed under 
artificial conditions the basal buds are rarely 
damaged and remain in a healthy state for a 
considerable period, hence they can be 
brought into renewed activity with compara- 
tive ease. Experience shows that these bulbs 
are best kept in a moist condition and placed 
in small pots surrounded with crocks and 
sphagnum moss, taking care that the moss is 
not too tightly packed round the basal bud 


VOL. VI. 


yet sufficiently close to maintain it in a moist 
condition. By this means, Mr. Chas. J. 
Phillips, of The Glebe, Sevenoaks, has 
increased his stock of special varieties, and his 
experience confirms the remark that the 
severe treatment necessary in the case of 
imported plants is not required with those 
raised under glass. 


¥y vy “y 
RAN SAN 4Y 


ERIA CRISTATA.—We have received flowers 
of this species from Mr. Walter R. Scott, 
The Limes, South Moor, Stanley, Durham, 
who states that his plants bloom very 
profusely every year about the month 
of November. Eria cristata was originally 
described in the Kew Bulletin, 18092, 
p. 139:—“A pretty little species, belonging 
to the section Cylindrolobus, which has 
been cultivated at Kew for several years. 
It was originally sent from Moulmein by Mr. 
C. Peché, in 1882. It is nearly allied to 
marginata, which, however, has the lip, and 
especially the side lobes, margined with red, 
and a quite different crest. LE. cristata has 
the sepals and petals pure white and the lip 
yellow, somewhat darker on the disc and 
margins of the side lobes. The structure of 
the system of crests is rather complex. On 
the hairy disc between the side lobes are 
three obscure keels, which at the apex of the 
side lobes suddenly terminate in a pair of 
truncate very fleshy crests, at this point 
destitute of hairs; in front of these is a pair 
of deep cavities, one on either side, and 
between them an elevated plate covered with 
yellow hairs, thus forming a tuft or crest, in 
allusion to which the name is given. The 
column is white with some yellow markings 
on the foot, and a yellow anther case.” 


10 


74 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


CATTLEYAS FROM PENARTH.—Since the 
beginning of last August there has been 
a continuous display of autumn-flowering 
Cattleyas in the collection of Mr. J. J. Neale, 
Lynwood, Park Road, Penarth, which shows 
how valuable these plants are for artistic 
decoration. Under skilful cultivation by Mr. 
H. Haddon many excellent results have been 
achieved, and the varied assortment which he 
kindly sends fully proves this remark. We 
may mention Cattleya Fernand Denis 
(Aclandiz x Warscewiczi1) with a spike of five 
flowers, an unusual number for either of these 
parents to produce. The influence of 
Aclandiz is seen in the fleshy, clavate column, 
in the formation of the three-lobed labellum 
with its bright purple front lobe, and in the 
slight spotting of the rose-pink sepals and 
petals. Cattleya Portia, of excellent shape, 
and C. Brownie are also worthy of mention. 
Lelio-Cattleya Lady Rothschild (Perrinu x 
Warscewiczul) is not only a vigorous grower, 
but it is one of the best of the Perrinu hybrids. 
Two other popular Lelio-Cattleyas sent by 
Mr. Haddon are Aphrodite (L. purpurata x 
C. Mendelii) and eximia (L. purpurata x C. 
Warner1); both have thick stems and carry 
large flowers of rich coloration, a sure sign of 
good cultivation. 


CIRRHOPETALUM MYSORENSE. — Mr. 
Haddon also sends from the Lynwood collec- 
tion flowers of this species, which was 
originally introduced by Mr. J. O’Brien from 
the Mysore Hills, South India, and who 
flowered it in September, 1891. The flowers 
are nearly white, with a purple lip, not unlike 
the better known C. maculosum. A spike 
of Liparis longipes and Bulbophyllum 
Careyanum, with coppery-brown flowers, the 
column yellow, are among other interesting 
plants recently flowered in this collection, 
while Cymbidium Bennett-Poé (Tracyanum x 
giganteum) has produced a fine spike on a 
plant raised by Mr. Haddon. The first plant 
to flower of this hybrid was exhibited by Mr. 
J. T.. Bennett-Poé, R-H.S., December. 15th, 
1903. 


[January, 1916. 


ORCHIDS IN GLASS POTS.—Some years 
ago the late Mr. Law-Schofield placed a few 
of his Orchids in pots made of transparent 
glass in order to test what effect light would 
have upon the roots. More recently Mr. de B. 
Crawshay, in carrying out similar experi- 
ments, has utilised two plants of Cypripedium 
insigne Sandere, one being grown in an 
ordinary pot, the other in a glass pot, in each 
case having the usual hole in the bottom for 
drainage. Both plants have received similar 
attention. The ordinary pot with its porous 
and ever-moist condition has yielded the best 
result; the glass pot, although admitting 
light to the roots, does not present a suitable 
surface for the roots to cling to, and from the 
appearance of the leaves the plant does not 
obtain its requisite nutriment, there being a 
general look of starvation. 


¥y au &y 


CATTLEYA DOWIANA RosiITA.—In sending 
a flower of this beautiful and rare variety, 
Mrs. Thwaites, Chessington, Streatham Hill, 
remarks: “I have never seen another variety 
with these flat petals of C. Dowiana Rosita ; 
It 18 easy to see where Messrs. Flory and 
Black’s Cattleya King George obtained its 
meritorious shape.” Many will long remember 
this fine hybrid between triumphans and 
Dowiana Rosita, for.it is one of the best, if 
not the best, of the yellow section, a special 
feature being the erect and flat nature of the 
broad petals, which, with the rich coloration 
of the labellum, fully entitled it to a First- 
class Certificate on September 28th, 1915. In 
C. Dowiana Rosita the yellowish petals have 
an unusual amount of crimson-rose colour 
suffused on all but the central area of the 
petals, while another marked feature is the 
crimson-coloured blotch on each of the side 
lobes, this extending right through and being 
visible on the back ; it corresponds in position 
to the characteristic yellow blotch seen in 
C. Warscewiczii. In nearly all cases where 
C. Dowiana Rosita has been used as a parent 
this crimson blotch is more or less inherited 
in the offspring, and, so far as we know, no 
other species or variety possesses this 
particular feature. 


January, 1916. ] THE 


ORCHID WORLD. 


“I 
un 


Cyrtopodium punctatum. 


CYRTOPODIUM PUNCTATUM.—The stout 
stems of this elegant species are 3 feet or 
more in height, with numerous long and 
narrow leaves. The flower-spike, which rises 
from the base of the plant, is about as tall, 
the numerous flowers being tawny-yellow, the 
sepals barred and spotted with cinnamon- 
brown, the petals generally without spots. 
The median lobe of the lip yellow bordered 
with red, the lateral lobes brick-red; the 
crest white dotted with red. Column 
yellowish-green. The variety Saint Leger- 
ianum was discovered in central Paraguay, 
and is superior, having brighter markings on 
the bracts and flower segments. The plants 
appear to delight in a high temperature 
during the growing season and a compost of 
peat and fibrous loam. The flowering season 
is about the month of May. 


Ne 


LALIO-CATTLEYA CALLISTOGLOSSA.—An 
exceptionally fine variety of this good old 
hybrid has just appeared in the collection of 
Mr. J. J. Neale, Lynwood, Penarth, and a 
flower sent by his grower, Mr. Haddon, allows 
us to record the following :—Total width 
10 inches, breadth of petal 3 inches, length of 
labellum, 4? inches. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM BOADICEA AUREUM.— 
Slowly, but surely, the yellow race of Odonto- 
glossums is becoming a reality. It does not 
seem so many years ago since we first saw 
O. armainvillierense xanthotes, or, in slightly 
plainer words, a yellow-spotted variety of O. 
ardentissimum, which Messrs. Charlesworth 
raised by crossing crispum xanthotes and 
Pescatorei album. Then came O. eximium 
xanthotes, produced by mating the yellow- 
spotted ardentissimum with — crispum 
xanthotes. Not long after came the inter- 
esting O. Jorisianum aureum (luteopurpureum 
Vuylstekeanum x triumphans aureum), raised 
by Mr. F. Menteith Ogilvie and_ fully 
described in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IV., 
pp. 199—201. Now we have the pleasure of 
recording O. Boadicea aureum (ardentissimum 
xanthotes x triumphans aureum), raised by 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., the first flower 
opening in the middle of December, 1915. It 
is in every way a charming thing, the flower 
beautifully spotted with bright honey-yellow 
colour, with the labellum comparatively large 
and flat inform. Flowering on a small plant, 
the blooms cannot be expected to show their 
full size, but there is enough evidence to show 
that a successful as well as a valuable result 
has been procured. 


76 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


PANAMA-PACIFIC EXPOSITION.—In our 
issue of May, 1915, p. 188, we published a 
report of this important event, and now we 
are pleased to receive the following note :— 
“Just a few lines to let readers of the ORCHID 
WORLD know that the Superior Jury of the 
Panama-Pacific International Exposition have 
awarded the Grand Prize to the collection of 
Orchids, which is the highest award. There 
have been about ten million people through 
the Orchid house, and it has been of great 
interest to the public, as they have been able 
to see the plants in their growing stage. We 
have had many plants in flower all the time, 
from the first of April till the end of August ; 
at other times we have never had less than 
250 plants in flower, so there has always been 
something of interest for the people to see. 
I may state that this collection is to be sold 
after the fair is over.” —W. E. Eglington, San 
Francisco, Cal., U.S.A. 


: oR ? 
Wy 4 c 


Ieee 


U.S.A. Customs DUTY ON CATTLEYAS.— 
The following note occurs in Horteculture, 
U.S.A., November 27th, 1915 :—“Cattleya 
bulbs which have already flowered and 
produced leaves are admissible as imports 
free of duty as bulbs for propagating 
purposes, according to a decision of the 
United States Court of Customs Appeals. 
An importation consigned to Maltus and 
Ware, reported by the appraiser of customs at 
New York to be Orchid plants, was assessed 
at 25 per cent. ad valorem as Orchids. The 
importers protested that the goods were not 
Orchids, but that they were mature mother 
bulbs, imported exclusively for propagating 
purposes. This protest was overruled by the 
Board of United States General Appraisers, 
and the case carried to the Court of Customs 
Appeals. It was shown by the evidence that 
while, strictly speaking, the merchandise in 
question was not what is botanically known 
as ‘ bulbs,’ yet the method of propagating was 
such as to bring it commercially within that 
meaning. The court did not decide whether 
Cattleya bulbs which have not yet flowered 
are entitled to free entry under the proviso 
of paragraph 210,” 


[January, 1916. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM LAPIDENSE. 
(Halli x Rolfez.) 


On June 22nd, 1905, Mr. Wm. Thompson, 
of Stone, showed a plant under this parentage. 
Mr. Stevens sent me a bloom which I felt sure 
was Halli x sceptrum (most likely sceptrum 
Argus, the fine form that was in the Walton 
Grange collection at the time), since then I 
have never seen a bloom from anywhere else ; 
possibly no one else but Mr. J. H. Grogan 
raised it. I acquired many of his seedlings, 
and now one of this cross is in bloom. The 
parentage is stamped on it as clearly as 
anyone could wish. 

Sepals and petals in form like Hallu, 
without any toothed edges, greenish-yellow, 
the green deeper on the back, as in Halli; 
four-fifths of this area closely spotted with 
deep chocolate, there being a blackish hue on 
their surface, also derived from Hallu. Lip 
light yellow, bladed, having the diagonally 
placed chocolate line of spots always seen in 
Halli, the crest and column inclining to 
those of the species parent. 

The description reads all Hallu, but the eye 
at once sees that Harryanum is strongly 
present, especially in the lip. Almost the only 
evidence of nobile (Pescatorei) is in the 
panduration of the lip, no one would fancy it 
was warnhamense (Halli x nobile), but it 
could be mistaken for Crawshayanum (Halli 
x Harryanum). It-is a pretty and elegant 
flower.—_de Bb. Crawshay, Rosefield, Sevenoaks, 
December 15th, 1975. 


CATTLEYA MorrA—Several excellent 
varieties of this hybrid between Fabia and 
Mantini have been flowered by Messrs. 
Stuart Low and Co., who were the original 
raisers, although we believe that Messrs. 
Hassall and Co. were the first to exhibit at 
the R.H.S. a flowering plant of the same, this 
occurring October 2Ist, 1913. An Award of 
Merit was given to C. Moira rubra, when 
exhibited by Messrs. Hassall and Co., Royal 
Horticultural Society, October 26th, 1915. 


January, 1916. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. a 


MILTONIA VEXILLARIA 
HESPERIA. 


OME few years ago, when interest was 
S being awakened in Miltonias of the 
vexillaria section, it occurred to M. 
Vuylsteke that a blotched type in the way of 
the then highly valuable G. D. Owen variety 
might be produced by crossing Leopoldi with 
another of the autumn-flowering varieties of 
vexillaria. Consequently he fertilised Leopoldu 
with vexillaria robusta, which belongs to a 
distinct type now rarely seen, but distinguished 
by bearing very large flowers during the 
autumn months. The anticipated success of 
producing an autumn-flowering type with the 
labellum heavily blotched was not realised, 
for when the seedlings flowered there was no 
blotching to be seen on any of the labellums. 
Nevertheless, the seedlings were not entirely 
worthless, for the flowers were unusually 
large; the best were distributed under the 
name M. vexillaria Dulcis. 

At a later date Messrs. Charlesworth and 
Co. made a somewhat similar experiment by 
crossing Leopoldu with an autumn-flowering 
variety of vexillaria, but not of the robusta 
type. The results were unsatisfactory, for 
although the shape of the Leopoldi labellum 
was inherited the characteristic blotch of 
colour never appeared. As these seedlings 
were of practically the same origin as those 
raised by M. Vuylsteke they were also named 
and distributed as M. vexillaria Dulcis. 

Following the many successful results 
obtained by crossing a hybrid with one of its 
parents, Messrs. Charlesworth decided to carry 
their experiment a step further by again 
making use of Leopoldu. Accordingly, 
Leopoldi was crossed with their vexillaria 
Dulcis, and of the several plants already 
flowered from this seed-pod each one has the 
labellum blotched with dark crimson, as well 
as inheriting the cup-shaped habit of 
Leopoldii. This interesting result has been 
named M. vexillaria Hesperia. 

The blotched labellum of M. venillaria G. 
D. Owen has always been a mystery, but the 
above results suggest that it is due to the 
influence of M. Leopoldu. 


VOL. VI. 


SEE Hier INe WAR TIME. 


HE great and increasing shortage of 
labour in our Orchid houses during 


these troubled times may well be the 
means of inducing some amateurs with the 
necessary time at their disposal to take a 
more practical interest in their plants, and 
that a new and lasting pleasure may be 
gained in ministering to their wants, and thus 
prove some slight distraction from ever- 
present anxieties. 

It is proposed in these notes to recount the 
methods employed by the writer, and to base 
the advice offered on questions asked by other 
amateurs and the difficulties which appear to 
have arisen in their first efforts at practical 
work. 

The processes of potting, the staging and 
arranging of plants, and the removal of scale 
may well be undertaken ; but watering should 
be exclusively in the hands of one man—the 
grower left in charge. Some assistance, 
however, may be given in damping down, 
shading and ventilating. 

When more experience is gained, the 
hybridising, sowing, and pricking-off of 
seedlings can be undertaken. And in this 
matter what greater pleasure could be 
obtained than the full sense of ownership 
experienced in having transferred the pollen, 
gathered the ripe fruit, sowed the seed, and 
brought to the stage of flower production 
some new hybrid. Or, of having thought out 
and zzvented a flower which had no previous 
existence in Nature and which might challenge 
and even surpass the efforts of that master 
cultivator. 

A first attempt at practice may be made 
with potting, where an important point at once 
arises in the choice of the right time to under- 
take this operation. In the case of Cattleyas 
a new set of green roots will be found at 
various periods, issuing from the base of the 
last flowering growth; this should be the 
moment selected, as the plant will then 
become quickly re-established. Difficult cases 
will arise with the numerous complex hybrids, 
but except when the bud is actually appearing 
in the flower sheath, the appearance of new 


Ly 


78 LHE JORCHID, WORED: 


roots is the surest guide. With plants in a 
bad condition, rather than delay, an overhaul 
may be undertaken at any time when the 
young growth becomes active; the smallest 
pots that will accommodate them should be 
selected. 

Composts ready prepared may with 
advantage be obtained from any of the 
well-known firms mentioned in this publica- 
tion, and in qualities suitable for the various 
genera. Cattleya, Odontoglossum and Cypri- 
pedium mixtures will generally be found 
sufficient. 

Remove any back bulbs beyond three or 
four from the leading eye, as these will usually 
be found without live roots, and taking 
nourishment from the young growth; or, as a 
well-known expert has described it, these back 
bulbs are the poor relations of the family. 

It will generally be found advisable to 
remove some of the compost from the back of 
the plant, and to carefully explore the centre, 
rejecting all sour and pasty material ; 
seedlings and small healthy pieces may be 
transferred without disturbance. With the 
back of the rhizome, or root stem, against the 
side of the pot, all new material should be 
placed in front of the young growth in such 
a way that the whole is periodically renewed. 
A common fault with beginners is the failure 
to pack the compost sufficiently firmly in the 
pot. A potting stick made from a piece of 
cane with a slanting cut at the end will be 
found of great assistance, pressing the 
material very firmly underneath the plant from 
the side to the centre, not downwards, adding 
fresh material as required on the outside of 
the ball. When completed the surface should 
be quite firm when pressure 1s applied; a 
final clipping will give a nice appearance. 

A lightly-potted plant, being like a sponge, 
is very retentive of moisture and tends to 
sourness and stagnation; whilst the simile of 
the squeezed sponge indicates the condition 
in which the compost dries out readily and 
leads to sound healthy root action. 

A pot should be selected giving room for 
two new growths, and be filled one-third with 
crocks ; overpotting must be carefully avoided, 
also the use of too great a depth of compost. 


[January, 1916. 


If in doubt, err on the side of parsimony, 
which will generally be found of benefit to 
the health of the plant and the pocket of the 
owner. This opportunity may also be taken 
to examine carefully for scale, to sponge the 
foliage, and renew faulty stakes and ties. 
The grower in charge will see that water is 
applied sparingly at first, until it is seen that 
the new roots are growing freely, otherwise 
the compost will be soured and the roots lost. 


-Some slight shrivelling of the bulbs frequently 


occurs after potting, but this may be mitigated 
by extra shading and a light spraying on 
bright days. 

Odontoglossums may be potted to the best 
advantage in September, and those not then 
in a suitable condition are best left until the 
early spring. New roots generally appear 
when the young growth is 2 or 3 inches high, 
and this period should always be selected. On 
account of the elevated and cool condition of 
their native abode Odontoglossums resent any 
disturbance during the summer months, which 
would result in excessive shrivelling. 

Attention may be given to Dendrobiums 
after flowering, when the young growth has 
well started in Spring; also the popular 
winter-flowering Cypripediums, under similar 
conditions but somewhat earlier in the year, 
when the days first begin to lengthen. 

Plants in a healthy state and with room 
for development may not require further 
disturbance for two years, but a small advance 
in the size of pot at more frequent intervals is 
preferable to the use of a large quantity of 
new material. 

The outgrown, sour condition often seen in 
plants in small collections is well known, and 
a sick plant is an unsatisfactory charge. By 
the time the long period of convalescence is 
over a further move into a larger receptacle 
is probably needed, and the net return in 
bloom of good quality will be small. To keep 
a plant in good health a constant supply of 
new plant food is desirable, and with care 
little or no check will be experienced in 
potting. The time-honoured advice may well 
be repeated: Prevention is better than cure. 
~-Ernest R. Ashton, Broadlands, Tunbridge 
Wells, 


January, 1916. ] dak ORCHID 


ORCHIDS AT THE GLEBE, 
SEVENOAKS. 


URING the last four years Mr. Chas. 

J. Phillips has raised a large number 

of seedlings, and thanks to his 

careful and extensive system of recording the 

various crosses one is able to obtain a fairly 

correct idea of the result, not only so far as 

numbers go, but in what section success has 

been best achieved. Altogether 10,000 have 

been pricked off into small pots, and of this 

number no less than 1,000 are Odonto- 

glossums, an excellent result when the 

difficulties connected with this latter section 
are considered. 

Along one side of a narrow  span-roof 
house may be seen a healthy batch of 1,200 
Sophronitis hybrids, that is to say, they have 
all been raised from Sophronitis grandiflora, 
or from hybrids containing a varying propor- 
tion of it in their parentage. Concerning 
primary hybrids of this species many have 
been made and the seed sown, but success has 
only been achieved in 12 cases, with an 
average of 12} seedlings to each. This shows 
how very difficult it is to raise hybrids having 
pure Sophronitis for one parent. 

With the secondary Sophronitis hybrids the 
difficulties are nothing like so great; in fact, 
Mr. Phillips finds them almost as easy to raise 
as Lelio-Cattleyas. So far 19 crosses have 
been raised, with an average of 57 to each 
one. In the early results as many seedlings as 
possible from the various seed-pans were 
secured, but only in one case did this amount 
to 150. During the last twelve months the 
number has been restricted to 100 from any 
one cross, for notwithstanding a fairly large 
amount of glass, the stock increases so rapidly 
that it is at times difficult to find sufficient 
space when re-potting takes place. 

Cattleya Dowiana and C. aurea nearly 
always yield good results, which explains why 
they have been considerably used in The 
Glebe collection. So far 49 different crosses 
have been raised, and it is of interest to note 
that the number of seedlings averages 54 per 
cross. 

Another interesting feature in this collec- 


WORLD. 79 


tion is the work being carried on with albino 
Cattleyas, that is, those having a pure white 
labellum as well as white sepals and petals. 
Exactly a dozen different crosses have been 
raised, the results showing an average of 62 
seedlings to each one. Brasso-Cattleyas have 


results the average comes to 38 for each cross. 

A general survey of a large batch of 
Cattleya seedlings showed that there were 
many which grew far more vigorously than 
the majority, and in almost every instance 
they were found to be under the same two 
distinguishing labels. On reference being 
made to the record book it was discovered 
that in one case L.-C. Colmaniana (aurea x 
callistoglossa) was a parent, and in the other 
case that L.-C. Geo. Woodhams (Hardyana x 
purpurata) had been used ; on analysing these 
two hybrid parents it will be found that the 
same three species are involved, namely, C. 
aurea, C. Warscewiczii and L. purpurata. 

Not so long ago a fine plant was secured of 
Cattleya O’Brieniana alba, which has been 
divided whenever opportunity presented itself, 
so much so that the stock now consists of no 
less than 15 good plants; this is an example 
of how careful cultivation repays the owner. 
This species has a thick, white flower of 
excellent formation, although not so large as 
those of the labiata section, and it is hoped 
that its good qualities will be perpetuated in 
the numerous crosses which Mr. Phillips has 
made. 

Each different cross is kept under a 
distinguishing number, and, as far as possible, 
all the seedlings of the same parentage are 
kept in a block. Only a very small label with 
a certain number written on it is placed in 
each pot, but in the centre of the batch one 
large one is used upon which is stated the full 
parentage and other desirable particulars ; 
this method is found to be a useful guide in 
cultivation, and tends to make the houses of 
interest to the owner as well as his visiting 
friends. 

Lela tenebrosa “Walton Grange var.” 
having yielded a praiseworthy result when 
crossed with C. aurea, Mr. Phillips decided to 
attempt the somewhat hopeless task of crossing 


8a Wee 


it with Cattleya citrina, and, happy to relate, 
he has met with success in so far as the 
fertilisation and seed-raising is concerned ; 
there are two small pans containing about a 
couple of dozen seedlings, the tiny leaves 
showing the light green tint of those of C. 
citrina.. Another promising cross made with 
this variety of L. tenebrosa has been effected 
with C. Mossiz Reineckiana, and one wonders 
what sort of a L.-C. Martinetti will ultimately 
be produced. 

Although but little importing is now carried 
on by anyone, Mr. Phillips has received a 
large batch of Sophronitis grandiflora and S. 
violacea. The best varieties are selected for 
hybridising, and in one instance a specially 
fine variety had been crossed with another of 
equal merit, the intention being to raise a 
batch of superior plants. In the same house 
is a neat little plant of S. grandiflora 
Rossiteriana with yellowish flowers. 

The Glebe collection contains a remarkably 
fine variety of Cattleya aurea, which is only 
used as a pollen parent, and by this means its 
full state of vigour is preserved. Cattleya 
Triane does not appear to have received as 
much attention in past years as has been given 
to other species of the genus, and it is 
satisfactory to learn that many experiments 
are being carried out with it in this collection : 
the varieties include Mooreana, The Premier, 
Lord Kitchener, Mrs. Phillips, Mavourneen 
and Mrs. de B. Crawshay, a grand selection, 
which should yield some excellent hybrids. 

A few Odontoglossums are worthy of 
special mention, one being O. grande 
aureum, which carries a nearly ripe seed-pod, 
the result of being fertilised with its own 
pollen; and another is to be seen in O. 
sandhurstiense (coronarium x Edwardii), which 
carries two large seed-pods, one obtained with 
O. splendidum and the other with O. Queen 
Alexandra. Experience proves that the 
best time for sowing Odontoglossum and 
Odontioda seeds is as early in the year as 
possible, about February; any seed ripening 
in the autumn is carefully preserved. 

Of a small batch of Odontoglossum 
nebulosum, collected near Mexico City, 
several have already flowered and prove to be 


ORCHID 


WORLD. [January, 1916. 


the variety candidulum, distinguished by 
absence of spotting, with the usual yellow 
crest. Dendrobium thyrsiflorum is grown 
extensively in a conservatory adjoining the 
house, and proves an attractive subject when 
in flower; last season these plants produced 
about 80 spikes of bloom. Cymbidiums are 
also well cultivated, and amongst them is 
the new C. Hanburyanum (erythrostylum x 
Tracyanum). 

In every part of this model block of Orchid 
houses neatness and cleanliness are to be seen. 
All the pots are periodically cleaned and the 
plants washed with suitable insecticide, thus 
almost entirely preventing the appearance of 
injurious insects. If there 1s one point which 
might be alluded to more than others it is the 
construction of the floor of the houses. The 
under part has been thoroughly drained, so 
that no matter how much water is used the 
soil rarely becomes stagnant, and _ the 
atmosphere always has a clean smell, which 
must assist the plants in making healthy 
growth. Although a lattice-wood floor is put 
on the central part, the whole of the soil is 
made up specially and consists of good loam, 
with some leaves mixed in it, and a small 
amount of soot to keep away slugs and snails. 
This 1s not brought into the house until it has 
been frequently turned over and the smell of 
the soot has passed away. For potting the 
plants Ar fibre is used with sphagnum moss. 
Osmunda fibre does not meet with favour in 
this collection. 


THE STANSHAWES COURT COLLECTION. 
-—Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons have been 
instructed by Mrs. R. N. Hooper, Stanshawes 
Court, Glos., to sell her entire collection of 
Orchids for the benefit of the joint societies 
of The British Red Cross and The Order of 
the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in 
England. A catalogue of the collection, 
which consists of nearly 2,000 well-grown 
plants, together with particulars of sale, may 
be obtained post free from Messrs. A. J. 
Keeling and Sons, Westgate Hill, Bradford, 
Yorks. We understand that the plants will 
be sold by private treaty. 


January, 1916. ] tHE ORCHID WORLD. 81 


ie STRUCTURE OF AN 
ORCHID FLOWER. 


se HERE is no order of plants,” wrote 
iP Dr Windley. “the ‘structure .of 
whose flowers is so anomalous as 

regards the relation borne by the parts of 
reproduction, or so singular in respect to the 
form of the floral envelope. Unlike other 
endogenous plants, the calyx and corolla are 
not similar to each other in form, texture and 
colour; neither have they any similitude to 
the changes of outline that are met with in 
such irregular flowers as are produced in other 
families of the vegetable kingdom. On the 
contrary, by an excessive development and 
singular conformation of one of the petals 
called the labellum or lip, by irregularities 
either of form, size, or direction of the other 


Wiles, 
yY 


Dendrobium Farmeri. 


sepals and petals, by the peculiar adhesion ot 
those parts to each other, and by the 
occasional suppression of a portion of them, 
flowers are produced so unusual and so 
grotesque in form that it is no longer with 
the vegetable kingdom that they can be 
compared, but we are forced to seek 
resemblances in the animal world.” 

But notwithstanding this apparently endless 
variety in form, a general plan of floral 
structure pervades the whole family of 
Orchids that clearly distinguishes it from 
every other natural order of plants. The 
floral organs are constructed upon a 
trimerous type, that is to say, all the parts 
are in threes or a simple multiple of three ; 
but owing to the suppression of some, the 
confluence of others, and various other 


VOL. VI. 


Odontoglossum cilrosmum. 


modifications, especially of the sexual organs, 
the trimerous condition, except in the two 
series of perianth segments, is greatly 
disguised, but it is, nevertheless, almost 
always present. 

Irregular as the flowers appear on super- 
ficial view, there may always be detected in 
them a bilateral symmetry, that is to say, all 
normally developed Orchid flowers may, in 
one direction only, be divided in a monosym- 
metrical manner or into two equal parts that 
resemble each other in every particular. 


Renanthera coccinea. 
With dissimilar dorsal sepal. 


12 


82 THE ORCHID -WORLD. [January, 1916. 


Rodriguezia venusta. 
With lower sepals connate into a boat-like body. 


Window Orchid. 
Cryptophoranthus atropurpureus. 
(Masdevallia fenestralis.) 


Restrepia maculata. 
With thread-like upper sepal and petals and broad 


coherent lateral sepals. 


Comparettia macroplectron. Masdevallia leontoglossa. 
The lateral sepals are extended into a long spur, IVith sepals united into a tube at their base and 
which encloses the two spurs of the labellum. extended into longtails where free. 


January, 1916.! THE ORCHID WORLD. 83 


Aerides suavissimum. 


With ram’s horn-like labellum. 


Ny 


iis 


Dendrobium Devonianum. 


With fimbriate labellum. 


Cypripedium Fairrieanum. Bulbophyllum barbigerum. 
With helmet-shaped labellum. With motile labellum and pedate column. 


84 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Masdevallia amabilis. 


Petals, lip and column concealed within the 
sepaline tubes. 


The sepals or outermost series of perianth 
segments are generally uniform, but numerous 
deviations from the equality and similarity of 
the three occur. The most usual deviation is 
seen in the upper or dorsal sepal, which is 
often of a different size and shape from the 
lateral two, as in Renanthera coccinea, 
Restrepia maculata and many Oncidiums. In 
Masdevallia the three sepals are united at 
their bases into a tube and prolonged into 
slender tails at the free end. In Rodriguezia 
the two lateral sepals form a boat-like body 
of curious structure. In Cryptophoranthus 
the two lateral sepals are not only joined 
together but they cohere to the upper one 
both at the base and apex, so that the flower 
never opens, and in Comparettia they are 
produced at their base into a long spur. In 
Oncidium Papilio and the closely allied O. 
Kramerianum the two lateral sepals are not 
only of very different shape from the upper 
one, but they are more brightly coloured 
than the petals, an unusual occurrence in 


[January, 1916. 


Oncidiums. In the genus Cypripedium the 
two lateral sepals are always joined together 
into a single blade, the ventral sepal, which, 
in the Indo-Malayan species, is usually smaller 
than the upper one. 

The equality of the two petals is constant, 
but great diversity occurs in the part they 
take in the general aspect of the flower, of 
which, combined with the labellum, they are 
often the most conspicuous ornament. But 
in Masdevallia, Cryptophoranthus, Cuirrho- 
petalum and other genera the petals are 
reduced to small insignificant bodies; in 
Masdevallia they are often quite concealed 
within the sepaline tube, while in Cypripedium 
Sanderianum, C. caudatum, C. caricinum and 
others they are considerably elongated into 
ribbon-like tails many inches in length. In 
some species of Coelogyne the narrow linear 


Cypripedium caricinum. 


With ribbon-like petals. 


January, 1916. ] THE ORCHID 


petals are quite a subordinate feature of the 
flower, but in many Oncidiums they are the 
most conspicuous parts and much _ larger 
than the labellum. The fringed petals of 
Dendrobium Harveyanum are a remarkable 
exception in this genus, and most probably 
constitute a constant case of pelorism. 

The labellum is by far the most important 
of the perianth segments, and it is also the 
most polymorphous. But into whatever form 
it has been moulded its structure is always 
such as to secure the greatest efficiency in the 


Cattleya Bowringiana. 
With labellum convolute over the column. 


part it performs as an aid to the fertilisation 
of the flower. The labellum is usually 
attached to the column by a short claw, which 
is sometimes so delicately hinged on it that 
the blade vibrates on the slightest force being 
imparted to it, for instance, by a breath of air. 
A remarkable case of this oscillatory motion 
is afforded by the labellum of Bulbophyllum 
barbigerum. In Epidendrum the claw is 
more or less adnate to the column; in 
Odontoglossum it is simply parallel with it, 
while in Oncidium and many other genera it 
is at right angles to it. In Coryanthes and 
Stanhopea the labellum is of a very complex 
structure. In many Masdevallias it is 
concealed within the sepaline tube, and in 
numerous other species, both of that and 


WORLD. 85 


Complex labellum of Stanhopea Wardii. 
1, hypochile; 2, mesochile; 3, epichile. 


allied genera, it is an inconspicuous part of 
the flower, while in many Oncidiums, and 
especially in Miltonia, it is dilated into a 
blade as large as, or larger than all the other 
segments taken together. 

In many genera the labellum is prolonged 
into a slender spur, which in Angraecum 
sesquipedale, A. Ellisu, A. caudatum and 
others attains a considerable length. In 
other genera the spur is more open and takes 
the form of a funnel, as in Vanda teres, 
Dendrobium formosum, D. longicornu, or of 
curved horn-like shape as in Aerides. Other 
remarkable forms of the labellum occur in 
Saccolabium, in which the basal part is 
always hollowed out and extends downwards 
like a small sac, hence the generic name; in 
Cypripedium where it appears like a large 
slipper-like bag, and also in several species of 


Epidendrum pseudepidendrum. 
With'claw of labellum adnate to the column, 


86 THE ORCHID 


Catasetum. In nearly all the Cattleyas and 
Lalas, and also in other genera, the basal 
part of the blade of the labellum 1s rolled over 
the column into a tube, while the front part or 
median lobe is often crisped and fringed in a 


Dendrobium Brymerianum. 
Labellum with branched fimbriation. 


Oncidium chrysodipterum. 
With crisped petals and small recurved lip. 


WORLD. [January, 1916. 


Epidendrum xanthinum. 


L, quadripartite labellum with fimbriate lobes. 


manner. In Dendrobium 
Brymerianum, Brassavola Digbyana and 
Nanodes Meduse the blade is conspicuously 
fimbriated, in the first-named species very 
elaborately so. The labellum is usually the 
most highly coloured of all the segments. 


very curious 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


ODONTIODA APHRODITE.—This excellent 
hybrid between Oda. Diana and Odm. 
eximium received an Award of Merit, R.H.S., 
December 7th, 1915, when shown by Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co. A fine variety has 
also been flowered by Mr. H. Worsley, 
Sherfin, Baxenden, who, in fact, was the first 
to send us the news that this hybrid had been 
produced. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA ENGUS. — Messrs. 
Stuart Low and Co. are the raisers of this 
pretty hybrid between L.-C. Coronis (L. 
cinnabarina x C. labiata) and C. Enid. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM RAMSES.—A pretty 
little flower produced by crossing O. ramosis- 
simum and O. crispum. Raised by Messrs. J. 
and A. McBean. 

ODONTIODA RAMILLIES.—A pleasing 
addition to the hybrids of Odm. ramosis- 
simum, the other parent being Oda. 
Cooksonie. Raised by Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean. 

SOPHRO-CATTLEYA MAUDIA&.— Messrs. 
Sander and Sons have raised this hybrid 
between S. grandiflora and C. Maggie 


Raphael. 


January, 1916. ] Rik ORCHID, WORED: 87 


Oncidium Kramerianum, in which the two lateral sepals are broader than the petals, 
an unusual occurrence. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


(Continued from previous page.) 


BRASSO-LALIO-CATTLEYA BAXTER. — I 
have just flowered this hybrid between L.-C. 
luminosa and B.-C. Digbyano-Mossie. The 
plant has four leads and carries two self- 
coloured flowers on two of the leading bulbs. 
In colour a uniform shade of bright rose, the 
broad, fringed labellum having a large area of 
sulphur yellow in the throat. The remarks on 
the self-coloured B-C. Lady Hanbury, 
ORCHID WORLD, Vol. V., p. 57, apply 
equally to this hybrid—F. Baxter Cox, 
Adelaide, S. Australia. 


CATTLEYA GATTON RuBy.—This promis- 
ing hybrid has for its parents amabilis and 
Hardyana, so it is composed of labiata, aurea 
and Warscewiczu. Raised in the collection 
of Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
Surrey. 

CATTLEYA ILLUSTRIS.——The result of 
crossing iridescens with Acis, and yielding a 
yellowish-tinted flower. Raised by Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown. 

CATTLEYA PEACOCK.—The parents of this 
new hybrid are fulvescens and Hardyana. A 
good example was exhibited by the raisers, 
Messrs. Sander and Sons, at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, November 23rd, rg15. 


88 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


CATTLEYA SNOW QUEEN.—An interesting 
addition to the alba section, and obtained by 
crossing Gaskelliana alba with the pure white 
Suzanne Hye de Crom (Gaskelliana alba x 
Mossiz Wagener1). Raised by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons. 

CATTLEYA PORTIATA—The specific name 
of this hybrid is derived from its parents 
Portia and labiata. Raised in the collection 
of Mr. F. J. Hanbury, Brockhurst, East 
Grinstead. One of the first to flower was 
larger than Portia and darker than labiata. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA EYERINGIANA. — C. 
Bowringiana and L. Eyermaniana (albida x 
grandiflora) are the parents of this Gatton 
Park hybrid. It carried an arching spike of 
rose-pink flowers. 

LA@LIO-CATTLEYA ALEX.—In this elegant 
hybrid between L.-C. Tunis (L. cinnabarina x 
C. Warscewiczi1) and C. aurea, the influence 
of cinnabarina is seen in the reddish-copper 
colour of the sepals and petals, while the other 
two component species are responsible for the 
richly coloured labellum. Awarded a First- 
class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 
November 23rd, 1915, when exhibited by 
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. 

SOPHRO-LALIO-CATTLEYA ORION.—This 
neat little flower with its almost undescribable 
rose-red colour has been raised by Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co. The seed-bearing 
parent was C. Fabia and the pollen parent 
5.-L.-C. Menippe (C. Hardyana x S-L. 
heatonensis). 

ODONTIODA NENA.—A very neat and 
pretty flower of bright red colour, and obtained 
by crossing Oda. Vuylstekez with Odm. per- 
cultum. Raised by Messrs. Flory and Black. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA APOLLO—A _ useful 
addition to this handsome section, obtained 
by crossing C. Mendelii with B.-C. Digbyano- 
Mossiz, Messrs. Armstrong and Brown being 
the raisers. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA MERLIN. — Messrs. 
I‘lory and Black have produced this attractive 
flower, of which the parentage is B.-C. 
Digbyano-Schrédere x C. labiata. 

ODONTOSLOSSUM CHLOE. — Groganiz 
(Edwardu x Uro-Skinneri) and crispum are 
the parents of this neat little flower, in colour 


[January, 1916. 


dark crimson-red, the lip rose-crimson. 
Raised by Mr. Richd. G. Thwaites, Streatham 
Hill. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM PEERLESS.—A _ promis- 
ing seedling, obtained by crossing Ossulstoni 
and eximium, Messrs. Armstrong and Brown 
being the raisers. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM PHILO.—One of the 
free-flowering hybrids produced by using 
excellens and eximium. Exhibited by Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown, R.H.S., November 
22rd, 1O15- 

ODONTOGLOSSUM CLIO.—-Arlequin (Fas- 
cinator x triumphans) and crispum are 
responsible for the making of this hybrid, the 
raisers being Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA RUTH G. WORSLEY.— 
This new hybrid, of which a flower has been 
received from Mr. H. Worsley, Sherfin, 
Baxenden, is noteworthy on account of its 
unusually rich coloration. The parents are 
C. Ella (bicolor x Warscewiczii) and L.-C. 
luminosa (tenebrosa x aurea), yielding a wide 
flower, the sepals bronze-red, the petals 
reddish-crimson with the central area dark 
rose, the handsome labellum having the 
front lobe entirely ruby-crimson, the side 
lobes blotched with yellow. 

CATTLEYA LORD DERByY.—This_ hybrid, 
between labiata and  Percivaliana, was 
exhibited by Mr. Harry Dixon at the meeting 
of the R.H.S., December 7thy 1915) later 
mediate in its time of flowering, it bears the 
well-known characteristics of both parents. 

CATTLEYA EVELYN SANDER—A pure 
white flower of large size, obtained by crossing 
Dusseldorfer Undine with Triane alba. 
Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

CATTLEYA MARY SANDER—An excellent 
addition to the albino section, obtained by 
Messrs. Sander and Sons through the use of 
Suzanne Hye de Crom and Dusseldorfei 
Undine. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA ST. ALBAN.—A very 
beautiful result, exhibited by Messrs. Sander 
and Sons, R.H.S., December 7th, 1915, when 
it received an Award of Merit. The plant 
carried a spike of 3 golden-yellow flowers, the 
lnbellum veined with light crimson-red. The 
parents are L.-C Golden Glory and C. aurea. 


_ January, 1916. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 89 


ODONTIODA ARMSTRONGI4E.— When this 


hybrid between Oda. Bradshawie and Odm. 
Armstrongiz was exhibited by the raisers, 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, at the R.H.S., 
December 7th, 1915, it received a Provisional 
Commendation on account of its meritorious 
nature. The sepals and petals evenly 
dotted with brownish-red and rose tinted 
on the margin, the conspicuous labellum 
deep rose. 

L&LIO-CATTLEYA ADOLPHAUREA— The 
parents of this are L-C. Adolphus (C. 
Acklandie x L. cinnabarina) and C. aurea, the 
resulting flower being of reddish colour. 
Raised by Mr. F. J. Hanbury, Brockhurst, 
East Grinstead. 

LA@LIO-CATTLEYA JOAN.—Messrs. Hassall 
and Co. have raised this decorative hybrid by 
crossing L.-C. Coronis (L. cinnabarina x C. 
labiata) with C. Fabia. Flowers produced on 
tall spikes, all the segments suffused with 
cinnabar-red. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA BRUNETTE. — This 
pleasing hybrid between B.-C. Mad. M. 
Fournier and C. Pittiana was exhibited 
by Messrs. Stuart Low and Co, R.HS, 
December 7th, 1915. It carried a spike of 
three rose-plum coloured flowers, the lip 
prominently veined with bright purple. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM EpusA—tThis pretty 
hybrid between harvengtense and Harryanum 
has been flowered in the collection of Mr. 
W. H. St. Quintin, Rillington, York, and a 
flower sent by his grower, Mr. F. C. Puddle, 
shows that it 1s of golden-yellow colour, the 
basal parts of the petals much lighter, while 
the sepals and petals as well as the broad, 
flat labellum are effectively marked with 
reddish-brown. 

ODONTIODA MARION WORSLEY.—The 
result of crossing Oda. Bradshawize and Odm. 
harvengtense. The combination of red and 
yellow, the latter derived from triumphans, 
one of the parents of harvengtense, has made 
a very distinct and beautiful flower, the 
colour varying from orange to rich red, while 
the margin of all the segments is yellowish ; 
the labellum carries a large blotch, as in 
triumphans. Flowered by Mr. H. Worsley, 
Sherfin, Baxenden. 


CYPRIPEDIUMS AT TUNBRIDGE 
WELLS. 


HERE is no doubt that most Orchid 
al lovers have experienced an exhilar- 
ating feeling on looking through 
their house, or houses, on any morning before 
breaking one’s fast, especially during the dark 
sombre days of early winter. How delightful 
it is to look into the cheery faces of the 
flowers and admire their quaint beauty, 
entreating us with outstretched arms (petals) 
to smile on them in return. It seems to brace 
up one’s appetite, or, shall I say, take it away, 
in admiration, and to elevate the spirits, 
thereby assisting one to cope with the 
difficulties of the day, whatever they may be. 
Such was the feeling of the writer when 
looking over the Cypripediums in flower at 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown’s, Tunbridge 
Wells. A sense of delight comes over one to 
see the rampant and vigorous growth of the 
large assembly of species and hybrids on view 
here. Hybrids, of course, occupy a prominent 
position, representing a very choice collection, 
many seedlings of which in their vigour were 
flowering from the first growth and in 2-inch 
pots, too. When I say “choice” there is no 
alternative when one considers the drastic 
weeding out that goes on, and if I may coin 
a word, the weedlings themselves are not to 
be despised, handsome little plants, even if of 
humbler parentage, possessing flowers none 
the less beautiful than their more favoured 
confreres. Let me remark, by the way, here 
is a chance for young amateurs—a batch of 
two or three hundred seedlings to choose 
from, mostly flowering for the first time, and 
at the price of a mere whistle. 

It was indeed a pleasing sight when 
standing by the doorway of one house to 
behold the long vista of bloom and note the 
diversified colouring, producing an irresistible 
charm over one who is very partial to this 
genus. Here we have ground colours ranging 
from the pure white of the niveum and 
bellatulum group, including Vipani and 
Boltonu, as well as the beautiful Olivia, with 
its charming flower rising from a bed of 
mosaic foliage; others, working up through 


go THE ORCHID WORLD. 


the creams to the lovely yellows, as insigne 
Sandere and many of its hybrids; on again, 
right through light browns and chestnuts, 
shades of rose colour to purple and crimson- 
browns. What an array of beauty! 

Very prominent, too, are the huge dorsal 
sepals of some of the present-day hybrids, 
with their delicate tracery and coloration. 
Remarkable, also, is the development of the 
lower sepal, both in size and markings, some 
nearly approaching the dimensions of the 
dorsal and forming a delightful background 
to the pouch, increasing the beauty of the 
whole flower. I wonder what some of our 
earlier hybridists would say to present-day 
results in this genus. 

Among the aristocrats I noted Cypripedium 
triumphans var. Jules Hye, with a very dark 
dorsal; Elatior and a fine spotted variety of 
eboraicum; also Connie (Fairrieanum x 
glaucophyllum), possessing the beauty of both 
parents. Quite a giant is Prewetti x Gaston 
Bultel, measuring 5 inches across the petals 
and 3 inches across the dorsal sepal. Queen 
Elizabeth, one of the latest; Royal George, 
truly regal in size and colour; and Myson 
(Mrs. Mostyn x Fairrieanum). A lovely thing 
is Regina (Leeanum x Fairrieanum), of light 
colour ; while there are numerous varieties of 
Thalia, all from the same seed-pod. 

Is it not remarkable the influence that 
Fairrieanum exercises over all its offspring, 
right down to the third and fourth generation, 
and the more so considering the weak 
constitution of this species, which, in former 
days, was considered of difficult culture. 
Many Dreadnoughts were here keeping guard 
over their smaller brethren, conscious as it 
were of their power and majesty against all 
comers. The Cambridge Lodge variety of 
Leander, although an old one, still holds its 
own; and very beautiful is a variety of 
Leander, obtained by crossing Leeanum 
Purity with villosum auriferum; while 
Monarch var. Victory holds its head in 
triumph. We must not omit the elegant 
Maudie, of which there is a goodly array, also 
Rossettu, and so one could go on enumerating, 
seemingly an endless task. 

More than enough has been penned to 


[January, 1916. . 


convey an idea of the’representative character 
of the collection of Cypripediums to be found 
here, and, furthermore, there are some sections 
I have not attempted to remark upon. One 
more point to which I must call attention is 
that for weeks to come many seedlings will 
be producing their first bloom from the first 
seedling growth, and the interest attached to 
this will be great. 

In conclusion, let me appeal again to 
would-be beginners in Orchid growing, do 


“try a few Cypripediums. They are inexpen- 


sive, will grow into value, give a maximum of 
pleasure with a minimum of trouble, a kind of 
trouble which melts away into enthusiasm of 
the first order if your heart is in it. Their 
easy culture should be a great inducement 
towards making Cypripediums popular, and 
yet this is not the only point in their attrac- 
tiveness, the quaint forms and individual 
beauty of the flowers being co-ordinate with 
the lovely foliage of many species and 
hybrids, thus enhancing their unquestionable 
decorative value. 

I trust these few notes may fall across the 
path of someone who may be induced to try 
his or her hand at growing Cyps. That being 
so, the writer will be more than repaid for 
this small endeavour to encourage Orchid 
growing. 

One of the finest displays of Cattleya 
Maggie Raphael is now to be seen at Orchid- 
hurst, some 200 or more blooms being 
expanded, and which will continue for some 
time to come as fresh plants take their place. 
Truly a magnificent sight. One would have 
to travel a long way to find its equal, both in 
point of quantity and quality. Some have 
ruby coloured lips, others ranging from purple 
to light rose, and all possessing good aurea 
throats. Not the least of the merits of this 
array are the beautiful wide arching 
shoulders, well set back, of the snow-white 
petals, combined with substance and perfume, 
thus giving this Cattleya a _ distinctive 
character all its own. Although it has been 
in commerce for some years it still occupies a 
place in the front rank. If any reader desires 
a feast of beautiful flowers, let him “go and 
see. —H. A. Farmer. 


> 


January, 1916. | PHE ORCHID WORLD. gI 


Dendrobium nobile virginale, a specimen with 220 flowers, as grown by Mr. H.G. Alexander, in the 
collection of Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt, Glos. 


DENDROBIUMS. 


HAT Dendrobiums are really decorative 
plants when well grown and flowered 
no one will deny, but whether the 

attention and popularity they once enjoyed 
will again be fheirs is not so certain. On one 
point, however, there can be no doubt, the 
specimens cultivated in many _ present-day 
collections are far superior to those grown 
under the somewhat unsuitable methods 
that prevailed in days When 
importations were received with considerable 
regularity, and the plants arrived in fine 
condition, it was a comparatively easy matter 


gone by. 


to produce an extensive display of bloom for 
the first two or three seasons; after this the 


plants gradually lost their vigorous constitu- 
tion, and if not meeting with an early death 
they were destroyed to make room for fresh 
plants from a new consignment. 

Cultivators of the past usually placed the 
plants in an unreasonably high temperature 
during the summer months, expecting by this 
means to reap the finest results. But it is 
questionable whether this treatment was really 
as suitable as many then believed, for there 
appeared to be too great a difference between 
the summer temperature and the compara- 
tively low one existing in winter time. 
Judging from more recent results, it is 
apparent that Dendrobiums of the nobile 
section give the most satisfactory results when 
moderation 1s exercised in the matter of heat 


92 THE --ORCHID” WORLD: 


[January, 1916. 


_ Dendrobium Rubens (Ainsworthii x robile), a specimen in the Westcrbirt collection. 


and moisture. Plants that are grown in a 
summer temperature of about 75° with a 
reasonable amount of ventilation are far more 
likely to withstand the severe winter conditions 
that those cultivated in greater heat; some 
growers have considered a summer-day 
temperature of 95° to be almost a necessity, 
while others have even suggested a still 
higher figure. Fortunately, we are now 
better acquainted with the real requirements 
of the majority of Orchids, and the excellent 
results obtained by growing Dendrobiums in 
a moderate temperature, say a maximum of 
75, prove how unnecessary was the great heat 
utilised by old-time growers ; while the 
uncomfortable atmosphere was never inviting 
to the owner or his friends, 


Then the question of resting the plants 
during their period of inactivity must also 
receive consideration. Experience proves 
that the severe drying to which the plants 
were formerly subjected is more likely to be 
harmful than beneficial. All that is required 
is to ensure the plants remaining inactive until 
the return of favourable growing weather. 
Plants that have been cultivated correctly 
always possess an extensive root system, 
consequently they are able to secure far more 
moisture than those in ill-health and poorly 
supplied with roots. This point should always 
be borne in mind when applying water, for 
too moist a compost in the case of a well- 
rooted plant may enable it to gather so large 
a supply of water that new growth commences 


January, 1916. ] 


just when it is not desired. On the other 
hand, the bulbs should never be allowed to 
shrivel to any visible extent for fear of 
checking the development of the flower-buds, 
which are formed on all well-ripened plants. 
The flower-buds are produced when only a 
moderate degree of moisture is present in the 
compost, whereas the excitement of the basal 
bud, which in due course becomes the new 
growth and bulb, requires considerably more 
moisture, as well as increase of temperature. 


DENDROBIUM FALCONERI—Horticulture, 
U.S.A., contains in its issue of December 4th, 
1915, an illustration of this fine old species, 
with the following note by Mr. H. A. Barnard : 
—“T was in the office of Horticulture one 
morning recently, when Friend Stewart 
showed me some photographs taken by M. J. 
Pope, the well-known Orchid grower to Mrs. 
Tuttle, Naugatuck, Conn. Among them was 
one of Dendrobium Falconeri, a magnificent 
specimen, exceedingly well flowered, one such 
as 1s not often seen. It carried me back in 
memory some fifty years when I first saw this 
lovely variety. It was a plant sent to Messrs. 
Low, then at Clapton, from Sir Wiliam 
Marriott, Bart. Down House, Blandford. 
This plant was carefully packed in a box 
standing upright and as soon as the cover was 
removed there it stood in all its glory, and 
I have never seen a Dendrobium more 
beautiful, the bright crimson-purplish tips 
making a striking contrast to the base of the 
flower. D. Falconeri giganteum has, perhaps, 
finer and more substantial looking flowers, but 
misses the graceful charm of the original type. 
I have seen perhaps as many Dendrobiums 
as most people, but none have made so 
lasting an impression on my mind as good old 
Falconert. Mr. Pope seems to have got the 
knack of flowering it well. From what I have 
seen and from what my old friend Boxall, 
who collected thousands, told me, it seems to 
want keeping very cold during the resting 
season, and then to be put into sharp heat, 
when it will flower well; otherwise it goes 
into growth.” 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 93 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 


(Continued from page 72.) 


Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
Surrey, exhibited the new Lelio-Cattleya 
Eyeringiana (C. Bowringiana x L. Eyerman- 
iana), with an arching spike of rose-pink 
flowers ; also Cattleya Gatton Ruby (amabilis 
x Hardyana), resembling the latter parent. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esq, Chessington, 
Streatham, showed his new Odontoglossum 
Chloé (Groganie x crispum), with flowers of 
dark crimson-red, the lip rose-crimson, and 
the crest yellow. 

>). Hanbury, Esq., Brockhurst, East 
Grinstead, showed flowers of his new Cattleya 
Portiata (Portia x labiata), of larger size than 
Portia and darker than labiata. 

E. Whiteaway, Esq. Feltham Lodge, 
Feltham, sent a flower of Brasso-Cattleya 
Willam Pitt (B.-C. Digbyano-Mossie x C. 
Octave Doin), of large size, and rose-mauve 
colour. 

William Bolton, Esq., Warrington, 
exhibited several Cypripedium 
including the pure white Boltonu. 

Walter Cobb, Esq., showed a five-flowered 
spike of Cymbidium Hanburyanum (erythro- 
stylum x Tracyanum),. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
staged the pretty Sophro-Cattleya Pearl (C. 
Porta x 3... Mors), several excellent 
varieties of Cattleya Fabiata, the interesting 
Odontonia brugensis, and some richly coloured 
varieties of Odontioda Charlesworthi and 
O. Diana. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, exhibited 
Lelio-Cattleya Bola, with a spike of three 
handsome flowers; the new Brasso-Cattleya 
Merlin (B.-C. Digbyano-Schrédere x C. 
labiata), and the bright red Odontioda Nena 
(Oda. Vuylstekezee x Odm. percultum). The 
rare Trias disciflora and Cypripedium 
purpuratum were also shown. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
Sussex, exhibited Cattleya Boadicea (Gaskel- 
liana x Hardyana), a majestic flower, and one 


flowers, 


94 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


of the best of the Gaskelliana hybrids; also 
C. Trianze Reineckiana, with broad, white 
sepals and petals, the lip rich purple. 


December 7th, 1015. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), F. J. Hanbury, 
J. W. Potter, Gurney Wilson, R. Brooman- 
White, A. Dye, W. P. Bound, Walter Cobb, 
T. Armstrong, J. Charlesworth, S. W. Flory, 
C.-H. Gurtis, F.). Hanbury, J; 7 Shill-and 
Wm. Bolton. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lelio-Cattleya St. Alban (L.-C. Golden 
Glory x C. aurea), from Messrs. Sander and 
Sons, St. Albans.—A very beautiful result, the 
plant carried a spike of 3 rich yellow flowers, 
the labellum marked with light crimson-red. 
A most attractive hybrid. 

Lelho-Cattleya Invincible var. His Majesty 
(Dominiana x bletchleyensis), from Messrs. 
Sander and Sons.—A remarkable flower, the 
sepals and petals bright purplish-rose, the 
large labellum of the darkest crimson-red 
extending to the base of the column. 

Odontioda Aphrodite (Oda. Diana x Odm. 
eximium), from Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., 
Haywards Heath.—A very neat and distinct 
flower with rose-purple blotching on a light 
rose-tinted ground. 


PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION. 


Odontioda Armstrongia (Oda. Bradshawie 
x Odm. Armstrongie), from Messrs. Arm- 
strong and Brown, Tunbridge Wells——A 
small plant flowering for the first time. The 
broad sepals and petals evenly dotted with 
brownish-red, and rose-tinted on the margin, 
the conspicuous labellum deep rose. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
Surrey, showed Lelio-Cattleya Epicasta 
“Gatton Glory,” with two large flowers, and 
L.-C, Rubens, of dark rose-purple colour. 


[January, 1916. 


Sir Herbert Leon, Bletchley Park, exhibited 
Lelio-Cattleya Leonie, a pleasing hybrid of 
the L.-C. bletchleyensis section. 

F. J. Hanbury, Esq., Brockhurst, East 
Grinstead, showed flowers of his new Lelio- 
Cattleya Adolphaurea (Adolphus x aurea), of 
rich reddish colour. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an 
extensive exhibit of Lelia autumnalis and 
the bright rosy-mauve L. Gouldiana. Select 
varieties of L. anceps were also shown. Lelio- 
Cattleyas were represented by Salonika and 
Golden Oriole, and Miltonias by varieties of 
Bleuana. Some fine Cypripediums were to be 
seen in The Duchess (aureum Surprise x 
insigne Sanderze) and Troilus. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
neat exhibit, in which were specimen plants of 
Cymbidium Schréderi, Doris and Schlegel: ; 
two excellent varieties of L.-C. Mrs. Donald 
McMaster, one with golden-yellow petals, the 
other having these segments with a reddish 
overtint ; Sophro-Cattleya Pearl, of excellent 
shape, and the fine Brasso-Cattleya Brenda. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. Southgate, 
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a group 
containing the new Lelio-Cattleya Joan 
(Coronis x Fabia); Cattleya Miss Williams 
alba; C. Hassallu, with a large round lip; C. 
Sylvia, of creamy-yellow colour; and an 
unusually fine form of L.-C. Rubens bearing 
the name General Joffre. A wide selection of 
Cypripediums was also staged. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
Sussex, were awarded a Silver Banksian 
Medal for a group in which were six distinct 
varieties of Laho-Cattleya luminosa; Vanda 
coerulea with a spike of 13 flowers; the pure 
white Calanthe Harrisu; Cattleya labiata 
“Queen Maud,” of delicate blush colour; and 
the new Brasso-Cattleya Brunette (B.-C. Mad. 
M. Fournier x C. Pittiana), with a spike of 
three rose-plum coloured flowers, the lip 
prominently veined with bright purple. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, exhibited several seedlings of a 
promising nature, the best being Odontioda 
Cereus nigrescens (Oda. Charlesworthi x 


January, 1916. | THE “ORCHID WORLD. 95 


Odm. excellens), of dark reddish-crimson 
colour ; and the new Odontioda Armstrongie. 
A fine variety of Cattleya Maggie Raphael 
was a special feature. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged 
three good varieties of Cypripedium Chris- 
topher, the handsome C. Pyramus_ var. 
Euphemia, with a broad dorsal sepal having 
large purple blotches, and the _ rare 
Pleurothallis leptotifolia. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons staged their new 
Cattleya Evelyn Sander (Dusseldorfei Undine 
x Trianze alba), with pure white flowers of 
large size; C. Snow Queen, a fine white 
flower ; and C. Sylvia marmorata (Dowiana x 
Fabia), with an uncommon though pretty 
purplish marbling on the petals. 

Mr. Harry Dixon, Spencer Park Nursery, 
Wandsworth Common, exhibited a neat group, 
containing Cattleya Lord Derby (labiata 
x Percivaliana), C. Octave Dom, L.-C. 
Mygdon (Trianze x luminosa), the pleasing 
Odontoglossum ardentissimum xanthotes, as 
well as several specimen plants of the 
decorative Oncidium cheirophorum. 

Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, Sussex, staged 
two good plants of Cypripedium Maudie, 
some good varieties of Odontoglossum crispum 
and a Cypripedium hybrid of Charlesworthu, 
interesting for being the first of his seedlings 
to reach the flowering stage. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


November 18th, 1915. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (an the chair), Messrs. J. 
Cypher, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, A. Hanmer, 
H. Thorp and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Owing to the severe weather the exhibits 
were not so numerous as usual, the attendance 
also being greatly affected. 

Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, were 
awarded a Silver Medal for a fine exhibit of 
Cypripediums, and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and 
Sons, Bradford, staged a number of unnamed 
seedling Cypripediums, as well as a collection 
of cut flowers of the insigne section. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Sophro-Cattleya Doris “ Cobb’s var.,” the 
largest flower of its kind yet seen, bright 
scarlet-red colour, from R. Ashworth, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya labiata “ Mudros,” and C. Fabia 
alba “ Ashlands’ var.,” both from R. Ashworth, 
Esq. 

Cypripedium Priam “Haddon House var.” 
and C. Radinshall (radians x insigne Harefield 


Hall), both from P. Smith, Esq. 


a 


AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 


Odontoglossum promerens var. Roundhead 
(eximium x crispum), a home-raised seedling, 
the flower round and evenly blotched, from 


R. Ashworth, Esq. 


December 2nd, 1915. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (Gn the chair), Messrs. J. 
Cypher, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, A. Hanmer, 
A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, W. 
Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, and H. Arthur 
(secretary). 

O. O. Wrigley, Esq. Bury, received a 
Silver-gilt Medal for an extensive exhibit of 
over 120 plants, principally Cypripediums, of 
which the yellow forms of insigne were 
Gladys, Luciani, Sandere, Sanderianum, 
Cobbianum, Ernestii, Chantinu, Lindenii and 
Laura Kimball. A dozen plants of Cypri- 
pedium Maudie, 10 well-coloured Wanda 
coerulea and the same number of Epidendrum 
vitellinum autumnale were also included. 
A Cultural Certificate was awarded to 
the gardener, Mr. E. Rogers, for general 
excellence and culture. 

R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, obtained a 
Silver-gilt Medal, and A. Hanmer, Esq,., 
Chester, received a Large Silver Medal, for 
attractive groups of Cypripediums and other 


Orchids. 


96 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[January, 1916. 


Sophro-Cattleya Doris, Cobb's variety. F.C.C., R.H.S. Nov. 8th, 1910. 
M.O.S., Nov. 18th, 1915. 


Messrs. Cypher and Sons were awarded a 
Large Silver Medal. Messrs. Sander and 
Sons and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons also 
staged praiseworthy exhibits. Mrs. S. Gratrix, 
Whalley Range, showed Cypripedium King 


George. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cypripedium The Gurka, the dorsal sepal 
chocolate-brown with band of apple-green 
edged with white, petals and pouch dark 
shade of chocolate-brown; Cypripedium 
Selene, large bold flower, yellow shade, dorsal 
sepal (3 inches across) yellow, edged with 
white, petals and pouch of same shade lightly 
tinged with brown. Both shown by H. J. 
Bromilow, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum percultum “ Black Knight,” 
Odontioda Diana “West Point,” and Cypri- 
pedium Troilus “The Tiger.” All from S. 
Gratrix, Esq. 

Cypripedium Henri Van der Straeton 
(Chas. Canham x Leeanum), from the Rev. J. 
Crombleholme. 

Odontoglossum Watsonianum 
Dene,” from A. J. Oakshott, Esq. 


“Merle 


FIRST-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATES 


To Mr. E. Rogers, for general cultivation in 
group exhibited, and to Mr. W. Gilden, for 
Cattleya Portia superba. 


eee = 
ORCHID wo 


SS OMe = Se $2 


PLE 


H 


= 
Qe 


—e 


1916. 


FEBRUARY, 


NOTES: 


GIFT OF AN ORCHID COLLECTION.— The 
choice collection of Orchids formed by the 
late Mr. Edward H. Robertson, Burnside, 
Forfar, has been presented by his widow to 
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. The 
plants, which have already been removed to 
their new home, consist mainly of Cypri- 
pediums, Odontoglossums and Cattleyas. 


R.H.S. ORCHID COMMITTEE.—The only 
new member of the Orchid Committee for 
1910 1s Mr. Ernest R. Ashton, Broadlands, 
Camden Park, Tunbridge Wells. Apart from 
being an enthusiastic amateur and the owner 
of a valuable collection, Mr. Ashton has gained 
considerable experience in Orchid matters 
abroad, having visited Jamaica, Grenada, 
Trinidad, and Australia. One other change 
takes place in the retirement of Mr. W. P. 
Bound, who jomed the Committee in 1907, 
when he was in charge of the Gatton Park 
collection. 


b/S) 4 


THE STANSHAWES COURT COLLECTION. 
—As announced in our last issue, this collec- 
tion is being sold for the benefit of the joint 
societies of The British Red Cross and The 
Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem 
in England. So far, the satisfactory sum of 
4300 has been realised, and among the plants 
that have been eagerly sought after are some 
fine specimens of Selenipedium Schlimu, 
Epidendrum vitellinum and the Stanshawes 
Court variety of Cattleya Triane. Messrs. 
A. J. Keeling and Sons are conducting the 
sale, from whom further particulars may be 
obtained. 


ORCHID LECTURE—With the desire to 
encourage the cultivation of Orchids, Mr. 
Gurney Wilson will give a lecture, illustrated 
by lantern slides, on “Some Essential Points 
of Orchid Cultivation,” at the Royal Horticul- 
tural Society, February 22nd, 1910, 3 p.m. 


Nai 


ORCHIDS IN GLASS POTS.—When com- 
menting on this matter in our last issue we 
omitted to state that the idea originated with 
Mr. Crawshay, who exhibited an Odonto- 
glossum so grown in February, 1903. 
Subsequently Mr. Law-Schofield made the 
experiment with Cattleyas and Cypripediums. 


CATTLEYA SKINNERIW—In the year 1884 
a marvellous plant of this Guatemalan species 
Was put up for sale at Stevens’ Rooms, Covent 
Garden. It 
20 feet in circumference. 


measured 7 feet across and 
No such plants are 
seen by present-day amateurs, who are more 
mterested in hybrids than the wonders sent 


home by various collectors. 


YY 
Yar 


VANDA SANDERIANA.—A wonderful plant 
of this grand species flowered during 1884 in 
the nursery of Messrs. Backhouse, York. It 
had eight leading growths, carried 13 flower- 
spikes, with flowers. 
Doubtless, the plant was newly imported and 
full of its native vigour, for no such results 
are obtamable under artificial cultivation. 
Sometimes the shock sustained by a plant 
during a long voyage is sufficient to bring 


an aggregate of 80 


into flower many buds which have remained 
latent during several past seasons, hence an 


unusually large production of bloom. 


08 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


LYCASTE SKINNERI ABNORMAL.—From 
Mr. James Watson, Stanecastle, Irvine, we 
have received an interesting spike of Lycaste 
Skinneri bearing two large and_ perfect 
flowers. The spike, slightly thicker than 
usually seen, rises to about the normal height, 
but from the axil of the uppermost bract, just 
beneath the ovary, a second and much shorter 
spike is produced, at the apex of which a 
perfect flower is carried. Mr. Watson 
remarks that he has been going amongst 
Orchid collections for twenty-five years and 
has grown them himself for twenty years, 
but has never previously seen such an 
occurrence. Uncommon as_ these cases 
undoubtedly are, they fall under the technical 
heading of lateral floral prolification of the 
inflorescence. Prolification consists of the 
formation of supernumerary buds, either leafy 
or floral; in the above instance a flower has 
been produced, although examples are some- 
times seen in which the axillary buds on the 
flower stem develop into leaves. 


STRANGE to relate, a few days after 
receiving the above note and specimen from 
Mr. Watson, a precisely similar example 
arrived from Mr. F. Menteith Ogilvie, The 
Shrubbery, Oxford, with the following note : 
—-“T am forwarding a twin-flowered scape of 
a rather nice variety of Lycaste Skinner, as 
I have heard that twin flowers are of rare 
occurrence in this genus; but I am not sure 
whether this statement is correct. I believe 
that twin flowers are by no means uncommon. 
I believe we have had twins in L. aromatica, 
LL. gigantea, L. Skinneri and others, and we 
do not grow our Lycastes superlatively well, 
like Mr. Wrigley or Mr. Godman. If it is a 
question of cultivation these gentlemen ought 
to have dozens of twin flowers every year.” 


DENDROBIUM FALCONERI.—With reference 
to the interesting note (p. 93) on this species, 
I well remember an amateur’s collection in 
Edinburgh where considerable success was 
achieved. The plants were placed in the 
Odontoglossum house during the winter time, 


|February, 1916. 


after which they were removed to a warm 
Cattleya house, there was thus no gradual 
increase of the temperature day by day, as 
usually advised, but a sudden jump of 10—20 
degrees. This treatment produced some 
remarkable results, many of the plants bearing 
upwards of 100 large flowers. The late Wm. 
Boxall, well-known as a collector of wide 
experience, more than once told me how cold 
the nights were in the district where he found 
this species growing in Assam, yet in daytime 
the brilliant sun would create a high tempera- 
ture, even the rocks upon which some of the 
plants grew became quite hot. I feel sure 
that with many Dendrobiums of this section, 
which are always difficult to grow, better 
results would be obtained if the period 
between flowering and the commencement of 
the new growth were not so prolonged. These 
thin-bulbed plants appear to be much 
weakened after flowering and cannot with- 
stand the long period of waiting until new 
roots are formed, which is just what happens 
when they are brought into flower under the 
ordinary Dendrobium treatment. In my 
opinion D. Falconeri must be brought rapidly 
into flower and the new growth started into 
activity with as little delay as possible-— 
Trade Grower. 


ODONTIODA AMETHYST. 
(Oda. Bradshawie < Odm. Halliocrispum.) 


Hallu is a peculiar power in the coloration 
of its resulting hybrids. The brownish-red of 
this tiny plant is extraordinarily deep and rich 
in tone, giving the clear evidence of the depth 
and power of the blackish-brown of the 
Odontoglossum ancestor, 

Picture a small Oda. Bradshawie with 
solid segments of brownish deep red, with 
creamy light yellowish apical triangular areas 
which are edged with deep lilac, add the poor 
Bradshawie form of lip and you see 
Odontioda Amethyst. 

When a large plant this will be a very 
striking thing, and a good addition to Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown's already long list— 
de B. Crawshay, Rosefield, Sevenoaks. 


February, 1916. | THE ORCHID 


OPHRYS ARACHNITIFORMIS. 


MONGST the members of the Ophrys 
A group, which one meets with along 
the shores of the Mediterranean, 
O. arachnitiformis (Grenier) shows the most 
diverse forms. One may find it in places 
where the conditions suit it well in colonies, 
sometimes several scores of plants within a 
few yards, well away from trees, and if on 
a slope with full southern or south-eastern 
exposure. 

In such a place several varied forms may 
be looked for. Some differ from each other 
in the colour-—white, rose, or purplish—of the 
outer segments of the perianth ; occasionally 
one finds the form chlorantha, such as the 
example figured. Another form has prominent 
protuberances at the base of the labellum 
(var. cornuta). And, again, some may more 
or less closely approach aranifera. As these 
two species flower at about the same time, 
and often grow together, it is likely enough 
that they do occasionally hybridise. 

Col. M. J. Godfery has described (Journal 
of Botany, October, 1914) a hybrid between 
Ophrys arachnitiformis and the beautiful 
O. Bertolonu, which he calls O. olbiensis. 
And, in the same journal for May, 1915, he 
gives a figure of this hybrid, and a figure 
and description of another hybrid, O. 
arachnitiformis x QO. atrata, which he has 
named Ophrys Kelleri, after the 
botanist, whose great work on the European 
Orchids is in course of preparation. Dr. Keller 
was, at one time I have heard, inclined to 
question the right to specific rank of O. 
arachnitiformis, but I hear that he has now 
changed his views, and | think anyone who 
has spent much time in a district where this 
plant occurs will have come to the conclusion 
that it is a good species, though a local one, 
and showing much variation. 

Many of the European species of Orchis 
and Ophrys occur on the south side of the 
Mediterranean, north of the Atlas range; 
but I do not find O. arachnitiformis in the 
I lore analytique of Algeria and Tunis of 
Mons. Battandier (1902). I have never 
visited Italy early enough in the spring to 


Swiss 


WORLD. 99 


be likely to see this species in flower. 
Signor Arcangeli does not name it in his 
Ilora Italiana (1894). The abbé H. Coste, 
in the lore de la Irance, states that it 1s 
to be found in the Departments of Bouches 
du Rhone, Var, and Alpes Maritimes; it is 
in the last two districts that I have met with 
it. One finds it usually in sandy soil, 
occasionally almost within reach of the 
spray from the sea. In cultivation the most 
perfect drainage and a sandy, fibrous loam 
are essential to success. 


Ophrys arachnitiformis and its albino variety. 


In the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. II., p. 171, 
I gave a description of a plant of this species 
which I watched, as it flowered, in the south 
of France for five seasons, from 1908 
inclusive. Each year it put up a spike of 
abnormally formed flowers, some with 3 
anthers, others with a double labelium. 
Through a careless slip of mine this plant 
was described under the heading Ophrys 
arachnites, instead of O. arachnitiformis, 


100 THE ORCHID WORED. 


Both the plants figured in the present 
number are growing here. The foliage of 
the albino or chlorantha form 1s interesting, 
and shows the same deficiency of chlorophyll 
as its flowers will later on. The terminal 
half of each leaf is white. Last spring this 
variegation occurred, but was not so 
pronounced, and gradually, as growth com- 
menced in the spring, the foliage became 
normal——W. H. St. Quintin, Scanpston 
Flall, York. 


Oncidium Kramerianum. 


[February, 1916. 


ONCIDIUM KRAMERIANUM.— The annexed 
illustration is of an unusually well-cultivated 
plant of this species flowering in the collec- 
tion of Mr. K. Ishimura, 2328 Ten-no-ji-mura, 
Osaka, Japan. As many amateurs have 
proved, O. Kramerianum is by no means an 
easy subject to cultivate for any considerable 
period. It is rarely able to carry more than 
a single spike, which, after producing one or 
more flowers, must be cut off in order to 
preserve as much as possible the vitality of 
the plant. Mr. Ishimura kindly informs us 
that his plant was received from England, by 
parcel post, some years ago, since when it has 
made a new bulb each season, with an accom- 
panying flower-spike. Four of these spikes 
still produce flowers profusely, all the year 
round, without any rest. This plant is grown 
in the open air from May till October, and 
under glass from November till April. Mr. 
Ishimura 1s certainly to be congratulated on 
the striking success he achieves in cultivating 
this curious plant, and although the English 
climate may not allow the same period of 
outdoor treatment, the experiment of placing 
the plants in a warm outside position for a 
few weeks in the summer might well be made. 
Mr. Ishimura also sends a photograph of a 
sturdy plant of Vanda Sanderiana, which 
arrived from Manila, during May, 1915, and 
was in full flower in the middle of July when 
situated in a partially shaded place in his 
garden. In the middle of October the plant 
was removed to the glasshouse, where i 
continues to make active growth. 


. 


y 


iS 
KS 
Ke 
KS 
« 


ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM INSIGNE.—A spike 
of this handsome variety comes from Mr. Wm. 
Bolton’s collection, Warrington. The distin- 
guishing feature is an unusually large blood- 
red blotch beneath the crest, thus making a 
striking contrast with the golden-yellow 
colour of the flower. The small sepals and 
petals are dark red-brown. This particular 
plant came from the late Sir Frederick 
Wigan’s collection, but it is not known 
whether it is a propagated piece of similar 
varieties previously recorded under this name, 
or whether imported by itself. However, it is 
well worthy of recognition. 


February, 1916. ] Pee ORCHID 


CYMBIDIUMS. 


INCE the imircduction of Cymb.dium 
insigne the whole genus has become 
exceedingly popular, not only on 

account of the elegant nature of the plants, 
with their decorative foliage and graceful 
spikes, but mainly because their cultivation 
is so easily managed that any amateur with 
but the slightest knowledge of horticulture 
is able to achieve results almost equal to 
those obtained by the professional grower. 
In these days of hurry and bustle quick 
results are generally required, and to those 
who wish to become proficient Orchid 
cultivators in the shortest period there is no 
surer way than to try Cymbidiums. 

One of the most extensive collections of 
Cymbidiums is to be seen at Cooksbridge, 
where Messrs. J. and A. McBean have for 
several years been raising a large number 
of hybrids, ranging in colour from the 
pure white of C. eburneum to the dark 
green of C. Tracyanum and C. Lowianum. 
It is, however, with hybrids of C. insigne 
that the most beautiful results are obtained, 
the variety of shades, whether they be pink 
or rose, is very extensive, and when the dark 
spotting is neatly and symmetrically arranged 
the flowers are amongst the prettiest that 
have yet graced the amateur’s greenhouse. 

Concerning the potting compost, of which 
some Orchids are decidedly _ particular, 
nothing can be more simple than the 
mixture used by Messrs. McBean, which 
consists of a good loam rendered porous 
by the addition of a small percentage of 
fibre. In this the plants make vigorous 
erowth, and in a long span-roof house, the 
leaves are so luxuriant as to completely hide 
the pots, while the flower spikes are every- 
where to be seen, carrying, in the majority 
of cases, as many as 25—30 large blooms. 
Week after week these stately flower spikes 
remain in perfection, and even when severed 
from the plant and placed in water their 
duration of freshness does not appear to be 
shortened. It would, indeed, be difficult for 
an amateur to find such accommodating and 
useful plants. 


VOL. VI. 


WORLD. 101 


C. insigne and C. eburneum produce erect 
spikes, thus differing from the well-known 
habit of Lowianum, Tracyanum, grandiflorum 
and giganteum; in the hybrids between 
these two sections there is a more or less 
intermediate habit to be observed. At 
present, there 1s a difference of opinion on 
this matter, for while some admirers of the 
genus consider that the spike is most effective 
when in an upright position, there are others 
who much prefer the graceful, arching style. 
But so far, the genus is adapting itself to 
both parties. It strongly favours the one 
side in C. Gottianum (eburneum x insigne), 
in which both parents produce erect spikes ; 
and the other side in C. Pauwelsii (insigne x 
Lowianum) and Holfordianum (eburneum x 
grandiflorum), where the erect flowering 
species are only responsible for half the 
parentage. 

Among the largest plants to be seen at 
Cooksbridge are C. Doris 
Tracyanum), raised by Messrs. McBean in 
1912; some choice varieties of C. eburneo- 
which differ mainly in the 
intensity of the coloured blotch on the front 
of the labellum; and Schlegelii (insigne x 
Wiganianum), in which much diversity is seen, 
the latter parent being composed of eburneum 
and TVracyanum, hence some inherit the ivory- 
white nature of eburneum, while others 
more closely resemble the 
species, but all are beautiful. 

Another species which jyields an erect 
spike is C. erythrostylum, so named on 
account of the reddish colour on the column. 
Till now, it is the parent of four hybrids, 
these being Florinda (erythrostylum x 
giganteum), raised by Sir John Edwards- 
Moss, Bart.; Hanburyanum (erythrostylum x 
Tracyanum), raised by Mr. F. J. Hanbury ; 
sandhurstiense (Wiganianum x erythrostylum), 
raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown; 
and albanense (erythrostylum x  insigne), 
raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

Reference must also be made to C. 
Parishil, which, like the last mentioned 
species, has been used in the making’ of 
four hybrids. They are Dryad (insigne x 
Parish); Garnet (Lowianum x _ Parishi1) ; 


(ansigne = x 


lowianum, 


Tracyanum 


14 


102 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Jasper (eburneo-Lowianum x Parishii); and 
Seamew: (I’Ansonu x Parishu), all of them 
raised in the collection of Lieut.-Col. Sir 


George Holford, K.C.V.O. 


MODERN CYPRIPEDIUMS. 


N regard to the later productions in 
| Cypripediums, I want to have a grumble, 
and draw attention to a point which 
appears to me to be getting rather “mad.” 
We are well on in the Cypripedium season, 
and, upon reflection, after what I have seen 
at the shows and elsewhere, | have come to 
the conclusion that the large Cypripediums of 
later introduction are positively ugly. It is 
treason so to speak, and I shall, I feel sure, 
be cried down for such a statement. However, 
I wz/Z venture. 

Just for a moment think of the line of 
perfection for Cypripediums, which seems to 
be adopted—large dorsal, large flower 
generally, and perhaps general recognition of 
good form, but any thought of colour, 
definitely disposed, seems quite in the back- 
ground of qualification. For instance, Alci- 
biades Ilustre, a large flower truly, but could 
anyone with unbiased mind call it pretty? 
What about its colour? Is it not very much 
wanting? Again, Cyp. King George. Well, I 
do not consider that ideal, it does not compare 
favourably with other lesser-sized flowers. I 
feel that the absorbing and leading idea of 
immense size of the dorsal sepal is not by any 
means finally desirable, if it overbalances 
other admirable qualities. 

A good flower of Keeling’s Leeanum, to 
my mind, surpasses both of those I have 
mentioned. In it you have a charming and 
graceful form of the whole flower, ample 
richness of colour, and markings well disposed 
and pleasing. It may be but a matter of taste, 
although I quite think there is more in it than 
that. I shall be laughed at, I feel certain, for 
making such a comparison, but, considered 
temperately and with cool judgment, I am 
conhident of my attitude on this point. 

Elatior Rex, again, is reckoned one of the 
good sorts, and although it has colour and 


[February, 1916. 


markings, the top edge of the dorsal is flabby 
and detracts from its grace. Consequently, a 
good Thalia, which is similarly coloured and 
marked, is, to my mind, preferable. Our old 
friend insigne Harefield Hall is, perhaps, the 
best variety of this species, but many flowers 
I see of it are “milky” and weak in colour, 
so that a lesser flower more definite in colour 
would be nicer. Some varieties of Hera 
(Boxall atratum x Leeanum Clinkaberry- 
anum) are ones which I hold up as meritorious 
by reason of their fairly good shape, and 
especially for their brilliance of colour. 
Thompsonu is, I think, an _ excellent 
specimen of a Cypripedium; and another 
which I feel is a highly satisfactory flower 1s 
Maurice (Salheri x aureum). Here one has a 
fairly large flower, not excessive, well disposed 
parts, reasonably wide dorsal, and beautifully 
coloured golden-yellow, with a touch of brown 
in it, which makes it richer, and markings 
sufficient to give interest and_ variety. 
Personally, I should prefer this any day of 
the week to Alcibiades Illustre, King George, 
Shogun, etc. Such is my bad taste! Of 
course, [ am speaking from an esthetic point 
of view, and not from one of mere value. 
Let us admire “size” by all means, but to 
put it before form and colour is a mistake. 
Good general form, combined with colour, 
either “self” or well disposed, is surely ideal. 
On the other hand, let us put “whites” of 
good form, like Maurice and Clinkaberry- 
anum, on a higher plane for our estimation 
than those whose only recommendation is 
abnormal size in some particular segment.— 


Alf. J. Paine, Wanstead. 


L&LIO-CATTLEYA LypDIA—One of the 
brightest of the yellow-flowering Leelio- 
Cattleyas, this decorative hybrid between L. 
Cowanu and C. Gaskelliana alba has a 
remarkable uniformity of colour, every 
segment being entirely bright canary-yellow, 
both back and front. A six-flowered spike 
comes from the collection of Mr. J. J. Neale 
(gr. Mr. Haddon), Lynwood, Penarth, who 
also sends a four-flowered spike of L.-C. La 
France (C. bicolor x L. tenebrosa), of rosy- 
mauve colour, the elongated lip dark purple. 


February, 1916. ] 


CALANTHE HARRISII. 
F, catenthe will readily admit that 


Calanthe Harris is one of the most 

beautiful representatives of the genus, 
and considering the dull winter season when 
the flowers are produced, it 1s easy to under- 
stand how much the graceful spikes are sought 
after by the court florist, the trade grower 
and the appreciative amateur; in fact, the 
wonder is that any greenhouse can be 
considered complete without a few, if not 
more, of this easily cultivated plant. 

C. Harrisu, to use the name under which it 
is known in every collection, received an 
Award of Merit, Royal Horticultural Society, 
when exhibited by Messrs. Veitch and Sons, 
December 10th, 1895, and a_ First-class 
Certificate, when shown by Mr. J. T. Bennett- 
Poé, December 14th, 1897. The parentage 
then given was C. Veitchu x C. vestita 
Turneri, this being identical with that of the 
earlier C. bella, to which a First-class Certifi- 
cate was given December 13th, 1881, and of 
which it may be considered a variety. But 
the plant certificated as C. Harrisi appears 
to have carried flowers much whiter than those 
of C. bella, and as the stock now under 
cultivation has no doubt all been propagated 
from the original plant it seems wise to 
preserve this name, especially when one 
considers how universally it has been used in 
the past. Our reproduced photograph shows 
one of many plants which have recently been 
grown to perfection by Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co. 

The two parents need consideration. C. 
Veitchu, a hybrid between the species rosea 
and vyestita, was raised by that early-day 
hybridiser Dom#ny, and first flowered in 1850 ; 
ever since its production it has received 
well-merited attention, and notwithstanding so 
many years of existence its popularity to-day 
is as great as ever. The other parent is C. 
vestita Turneri, which some _ authorities 
consider quite distinct from vestita, and, 
indeed, entitled to specific rank. Its bulbs 
are usually larger, more slender, and 
constricted just above the middle. 

The Royal Horticultural Society, in their 
List of Awards, consider vestita and vestita 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 103 


Turneri to be one and the same thing, so far 
as the nomenclature of the hybrids is 
concerned, hence C. bella and C. Harrisu, the 
two hybrids of C. Veitchi x C. vestita Turneri, 
are made varieties of the earlier C. Sedeni 
(Veitch x vestita), originally raised in 1878. 

Although the flowers of this beautiful 
hybrid are generally described as pure white, 
such a description would not satisfy the 
critical eye of the expert, for there are some 
faint rose-coloured areas in various parts of 
the flower, still, to the ordinary observer, they 
will always pass as white flowers. 

Soon after the flower-spikes have been cut, 
the bulbs should be carefully shaken out of 
the compost and placed in shallow trays until 
signs of fresh activity are noticed; the roots 
should be cut off to within an inch of the bulb. 
A good method is to keep the plants separated 
by placing sticks across the tray in order that 
plenty of light and air may reach them, and 
so encourage the formation of a vigorous new 
srowth. Although some cultivators place 
these trays where the temperature 1s often as 
low as 50 degrees, there are other growers 
who maintain that 60 degrees should be the 
minimum. No water will be needed, but if the 
atmosphere in which they are resting is 
unusually dry a little damp moss placed in the 
bottom of the tray may prove an advantage. 

When the new growth has made a fair 
start and roots are pushing forth, the bulbs 
should be potted in a compost of sweet loam, 
adding: a little sand if in any way pasty. The 
addition of some fibre is sometimes advised, 
yet, on the other hand, experienced cultivators 
state that Calanthes succeed best in nothing 
but good turfy loam. One or two crocks in 
the bottom of the pot are quite sufficient, 
while the compost should not be brought up 
to the top of the pot, but a space left to take a 
plentiful supply of water when the height of 
the growing season arrives. Although one 
plant, consisting of, say, two strong bulbs, is 
usually sufficient for a single pot, there are a 
few growers who prefer to place several such 
pieces in a 6-inch pot, but this latter method 
cannot be recommended. 

For some weeks after potting care must be 
taken that the delicate new growth does not 
damp off, and on this account no water should 


104 THE ORCHID 


be applied to the compost until the leaves are 
well above the pot. Syringing between the 
pots will produce all the moisture required at 
this period. The temperature should not be 
lower than 60 degrees, gradually increasing 
the same as the season advances. Light 
shading is necessary, with judicious ventila- 
tion when the conditions are 
favourable. A temperature of 80 degrees may 
be reached before top ventilation is used. 

If the plants are in a good nourishing 
compost there is not much need for manure 
water when the pot is full of roots, and 
although its use may produce slightly larger 
bulbs, it is questionable whether the flowering 
results are any better. One thing 1s certain, 
in collections where no manure water is used 
the plants are invariably in a much healthier 
condition. An occasional dose of weak soot 
water may prove advantageous when the 
bulbs are nearing completion. Overhead 
syringing of the plants is not advisable. 

Towards the end of summer the shading 
must be gradually lessened, so that the bulbs 
may be suitably matured and able to produce 
stout flower-spikes of long-lasting nature. 
The temperature and water must also be 
gradually reduced, and when the leaves show 
signs of decay it is best to remove them, for 
they are apt to become mouldy and a danger 
to the health of the plant. 

Many of the largest bulbs will produce 
more than one new growth, and, if desired, 
all may be allowed to remain, but when extra 
large bulbs are desired it is advisable to rub 
off all but the strongest, which will then 
receive the whole of the nutriment obtained 
by the root system. 

Propagation 1s 


outside 


effected by carefully 
separating the bulbs after they are shaken out 
of the compost, and before potting takes place. 
Calanthes are brittle subjects, so a sharp knife 
will be found more practicable than merely 
tearing the plant in pieces with the hands. 
Provided the plants have been carefully culti- 
vated, almost every back bulb will possess 
one or more living buds at its base, and these 
in due time will push forth into new growths. 
Avoid leaving water in or around these 
erowths. 


WORLD. [February, 1916. 


MOSCOW ORCHID SOCIETY. 


Ath, -1915, -the President, “Dr ae 
congratulated the 
Society and expressed his pleasure that 
notwithstanding the severe trials and sad 
losses in the unprecedented fight for the 
highest ideals of humanity the Society had 
continued its activity, and thus followed the 
example of their valiant allies, who go on 
working as intensively as ever in their 
public organisations. He advised his Society 
to choose as its ideal the Royal Horticultural 
Society of England, which had done so much 
towards that country’s renown. 

During the three years of its existence 
the Moscow Orchid’ Society has made 
commendable progress. It now consists of 
8 honorary members, 42 actual members and 
7 collaborators. In the past year it held 
23 meetings, at which 24 reports were made 
by its members, who also exhibited many 
fine Orchids from their collections. Three 
Diplomas were awarded for the best groups ; 
while 20 First-class and 17 Second-class 
Diplomas were awarded for specimens of 
the best varieties; and 3 Diplomas were 
granted for good culture. 

For the next term of three years,.Dr. J. 
Troyanowsky was elected as President, with 
Mr. A. Varjenevsky and Mr. Rud. Prowe 
as Vice-presidents. Members of the Com- 
mittee are Mr, A. Karzinkin (treasurer), 
Dr. A. Langovoy, Mr. M. Brashnin, and 
Mr. S. Voronin (secretary). The following 
were elected as new honorary members :— 
Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, Count Jos. de 
Hemptinne, M. Ch. Vuylsteke, Mr. R. A. 
Rolfe, and Mr. Ed. V. Low. 

At the annual meeting the members 
exhibited more than a hundred beautiful 
Orchids, mostly Cattleyas, Cypripediums and 
Oncidiums. By far the finest plant was a 
recently imported - Vanda — Sanderiana, 
exhibited by Mr. Karzinkin; on one spike 
it bore -no~ less- than - 12 magnificent, 
brightly-coloured flowers. The owner was 
honoured with a Diploma as well as the 
special congratulations of the Committee. 


; T the annual meeting, held December 


Troyanowsky, 


JOS, 


WORLD, 


ORCHID 


ISHS, 


February, 1916. | 


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February, 1916. | THE ORCHID! WORED. 107 


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Odontoglossum Rossii rubescens. 


HYBRIDS OF O. ROSSII. 


HE more we see of hybrids, so 
much the more do we learn of the 
species which made them. Until 

the hybridists produced the — interesting 
results now included in the majority of our 
collections, we had no idea of the dominating 
influence which some species have over their 
generic relations. In some respects this may 
be considered a favourable asset rather than 
a disadvantage, for it allows a very large 
number of hybrids to be placed under fairly 
definite headings. Thus the remarkably 
strong characters of O. Edwardu are one 
of the easiest to distinguish, and it is now 
a common practice to speak of the Edwardu 
section; just so with the Harryanum group, 
and that mainly composed of crispum and 
Pescatorei, while triumphans 1s another 
species that produces hybrids in which its 
evidence cannot be mistaken. 

Among the scarcer and more recent 
productions are the hybrids of O. Rossu, 
which form a section as distinct as any in 
the genus. Most amateurs are so familiar 
with the characteristics of this charming 
Mexican plant that it only requires a 
moment’s consideration to decide whether 


it is included in the parentage of any 
particular hybrid. Even the shape of the 
leaves, with the mid-rib showing prominently 
on the underside, is sufficient evidence for 
some experts. 

But it is in the flower where the real 
beauty lies, and where the most. distinct 
characteristics are to be found. The sepals 
are profusely spotted, while the petals are 
spotted only on their basal area. In all the 
hybrids of O. Rossii the same method of 
spotting can be seen; in no case does the 
spotting extend to the tips of the petals, as 
Although attempts 
have been made to widen the petals, the 


it does in the sepals. 


strong influence of Rossii prevents much 
success in this way being attained. 

The labellum of — this species, when 
compared with the other segments, is large, 
hence it makes a favourable result when in 
conjunction with Harryanum, also noted for 
its fine lip. The crest on the base of the 
labellum is generally an attractive point, and 
in O. Rossii it is unusually so on account of 
its bright yellow colour, which extends well 
on the surrounding area, thus making a 
pleasing feature in all its hybrids. 

Among importations of O. Rossii there 
are occasionally to be found varieties with 
rose-tinted ground colour, and these, known 
as rubescens, have of late years been much 
sought after by hybridists, for experience 
shows that this character is perpetuated in 
the offspring, thereby enhancing their value. 

Odontoglossum Aurora, illustrated in this 
issue, was obtained. by crossing Rossii 
rubescens with O. Lambeauianum (crispum x 
Rolfea). It obtained a First-class Certificate, 
R.H.S., Nov. 5th, 1912, when exhibited by 
Messrs. Veitch, and is one of the richest 
coloured of the’ Rossu hybrids, the deep 
rose-purple flowers being spotted with 
reddish-purple. 

Odontoglossum Woodroffeze, also repro- 
duced from the R.H.S. painting, is the 
result of crossing Rossu rubescens and O. 
Queen Alexandra (Harryanum x triumphans). 
In this the sepals and petals are almost 
covered with rich crimson-brown, with bright 
yellow under colour appearmg in a. few 


108 THE ORCHID WORED: 


places; the large oblong labellum rich 
violet-purple, and the crest bright yellow. 
It was awarded a First-class Certificate, 
R.H.S.,. September - 24th, Go12) eavnen 
exhibited by Messrs. E. H. Davidson and Co. 
Odontoglossum Jeannette (Rossi rubescens x 
amabile) is the subject of a coloured plate 
published in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IIL, 
p. 44. Smithi (Rossii 
rubescens x  crispo-Harryanum, is _ also 
illustrated in colours, Vol. IL, p. 1. 


Odontoglossum 


CATTLEYA PERCIVALIANA. 


LTHOUGH new species are continually 
iN being discovered, they belong mainly 
to the section termed “ botanical.” 
They do not yield to the possessor that same 
sense of pleasure as was witnessed in the 
early days of Orchid collecting, when some 
of the larger-flowering species were in the 
commencement of their popularity. The 
eranting of an Award of Merit to the fine 
variety of Cattleya Percivaliana, shown by 
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, January 11th, 1910, 
recalls the controversy which prevailed soon 
after the introduction of this species, during 
the period of 1882-3. 

Enthusiasts then had a lively time in 
discussing whether this was a true species or 
merely a variety of C. labiata, or even C. 
Mossiz. One cannot entirely blame the 
experts who did not then acknowledge it as 
a species, for they had precious little material 
to guide them, frequently it only amounted 
to a semi-established plant, a dried flower, or 
one damaged by passing through the post. 

However, Mr. R. P. Percival, in whose 
honour the plant was named, sent a flower of 
it to a member of the R.H.S. Orchid 
Committee, who not only described it as a 
beautiful variety of the C. labiata section, but 
recorded the dimensions of all the segments, 
even to the sixteenth of an inch, and agreed 
that Prof. Reichenbach was warranted in 
calling it C. labiata Percivaliana. 


|February, 1916. 


It was the late Sir Trevor Lawrence who 
wrote (Gard. Chron.,"February 10th, 1883): 
—“T consider this Cattleya to be a small 
variety of C. Mossia, possibly autumn- 
flowering, but as to this it is too early to 
It might fairly have been called C. 
Mossie Percivaliana. The lip is small 
and puckered-up like an old woman’s cap.” 

Early in 1883, Mr. “FF. We “Barbidge 
remarked (The Garden, February 24th) :— 
“ Of all the flowers of C. Percivaliana | have 
yet seen, not one is in any way equal in 


speak. 


_beauty, or size, or colour to the worst form 


of C. Warneri I ever saw. There are fifty 
varieties of C. Mossize superior to it in every 
way. . . . Now that I have seen flowers I 
shall speak and write of it as a C. Mossie, 
and a very poor, little, crumpled-up and 
disappointing C. Mossi it 1s!” 

It is a well-known fact that some species 
can be collected in more than one district, 
good or bad varieties as the case may be. 
The foregoing descriptions of C. Percivaliana 
evidently apply to the bad sort, which to this 
day has been periodically imported, and is 
characterised by a small, constricted or 
‘“puckered-up ” labellum. The best form, as 
exhibited by Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. on 
January 11th, 19160, has flowers almost as 
large as those of C. labiata, and with rich 
velvety maroon, and sun-set tints in the 
throat; when so seen it certainly possesses 
some resemblance to C. Mossi, although 
flowering at a different season. Unfortu- 
nately, this good form of the species has 
rarely been imported in quantity, more 
especially during the later part of its history. 

C. Percivaliana is useful for supplying 
Cattleya flowers during the winter season, 
although of late years several hybrids have 
taken its place in more than one trade estab- 
lishment, still it has much to recommend it for 
private collections and where species are 
preferred to hybrids. The pure white varieties 
are by no means plentiful. As soon as the 
last C. labiata flowers have been cut the 
supply of bloom is continued by C. Perci- 
valiana right on until C. Trianz comes in 
season, it thus forms a worthy connecting link 
between the late autumn and early spring 
varieties. 


February, 19106. | THE ORCHID WORLD: 109 


CYPRIPEDIUM HYBRIDS. 


M4 | STE following new Cypripedium hybrids 


have been raised in the collection of 
Mr. Fred J. Hanbury, Brockhurst, 
East Grinstead (gr. Mr. Thos. Matthews). 

C. auratum (aureum virginale x Persephone), 
bright greenish-yellow, the upper half of the 
dorsal white, the petals having a median line 
of brown. 

C. umbrosum (Charlesianum x exul hybrid), 
large flat dorsal of apple-green colour 
margined with white, the central area shaded 
with brown; the wide petals and lip Indian- 
yellow with slight red-brown shading. 

C. Leeanoleonia (Leeanum Clinkaberry- 
anum x Leonie), the round, flat dorsal white 
with greenish base, and slight rose shading 
and spots on central area; the horizontal 
petals dusky-yellow with median line of 
brown. 

C. Matthewsianum (Thalia x Hera 
Euryades), a chubby flower, the white dorsal 
neatly spotted with crimson; the petals and 
lip shaded with crimson-brown and having a 
shining appearance. 

C. Vulean (Lathamianum x Clio), a bright 
flower of rich brown colour, the upper part of 
the dorsal white, the lip lighter than the petals. 

C. Dracomostyn (Draco x Mrs. Mostyn), the 
large dorsal almost covered with crimson 
blotching on a white ground; the sepals and 
lip mahogany tinted. 

C. hirsuto-Curtmannii (hirsutissimum x 
Curtmanni), a pretty result, showing the 
purple-coloured petals of the former parent ; 
the greenish dorsal closely veined and spotted 
with dark brown. 

C. Aricia (Ginsigne x G. F. Moore), a large 
flower having the dorsal boldly spotted and 
with a broad white margin; the petals 
reticulated with brown. 

C. Belides (villosum x Troilus), the dorsal 
sepal is wholly apple-green colour, with a few 
black spots; the petals and lip resembling 
those of villosum. 

C. Bendis (Mons. de Curte x G. F. Moore), 
this has blackish spots on the greenish dorsal 
and a few on the petals. 

C. Camilla (Persephone x San-Arthur), a 
neat flower of varying brownish-yellow tints 


and entirely devoid of spotting; the dorsal 
margined with white. 

C. Dercetis (Troilus x Robsoni), a pleasing 
flower of clear light brownish-yellow colour, 
approaching the albino section; all the 
segments well proportioned. 

C. Feronia (W. Hopkins x Beeckmannii), in 
this the broad dorsal sepal is apple-green with 
a narrow white margin, the central area 
vertically lined with brown; the yellowish 
petals and lip suffused with red-brown. 

C. Hippolyte (Hera x James Buckingham), 
this has an unusually pretty dorsal, the centre 
light green with darker green reticulation, and 
a few spots, the whole having a broad white 
margin; petals and lip yellowish. 

C. Lotos (nitens x Troilus), a large and 
handsome flower, the green and white dorsal 
boldly spotted, the yellowish petals and lip 
suffused with crimson-brown. 

C. Mercurius (Robsoni x Acteus), a com- 
paratively small flower, the dorsal greenish- 
yellow, lightly spotted; the petals and lip 
tawny-yellow. 

C. Nysa (Thalia x nitens), this resembles 
the latter parent, the dorsal heavily spotted, 
the petals suffused with mahogany-red. 

C. Panthus (Robsoni x Leeanum), very 
distinct, of golden-yellow colour, the dorsal 
spotted with dark brown, the petals shaded 
with red on the upper half. 

C. Pero (nitens-Leeanum x Baron Schréder), 
a neat addition to the Fairrieanum hybrids, 
the dorsal evenly spotted with blackish-purple, 
the lip and petals stained with crimson-red. 

C. Silvanus (Hitchinsie x Mrs. Mostyn), a 
promising flower, the orbicular dorsal sepal 
having a broad rose-tinted margin, the central 
area greenish with dark purple-red markings ; 
petals and lip having crimson-red suffusion. 

C. Zelia (Godsefhanum x Hera), a small 
flower with dark markings on the dorsal and 
petals; the latter tinged with purple. 

C. sinuatum. Although the parentage of 
this hybrid has been lost the name is worth 
recording, for it describes the curving nature 
of the segments, which renders it very distinct. 
Doubtless C. villosum is responsible for a 
large share of the parentage, judging by the 
coloration and shape of the broad petals and 
dorsal sepal. 


110 


THE VORCGEHID 


WORLD. 


Rhynchostylis 


retusa. 


[lebruary, 1916. 


February, 1916. | THE ORCHID \ORLD. 111 


RHYNCHOSTYLIS RETUSA. 


HIS species is one of the most widely 
distributed of Indian Orchids; the 
geographical area over which it 1s 

spread is probably as great or even greater 
than that’ occupied by any other epiphytal 
species. It is found in nearly all parts of 
Hindostan where the climatic conditions are 
such as to allow it to live and thrive; also in 
Ceylon. It is scarcely less abundant in the 
British provinces in the eastern peninsula, 
especially in the plains of Lower Burmah, 
whence it spreads southwards into Java, where 
it is common, and where it has established 
itself in immense numbers in the Teak 
plantations formed by the Dutch in that 
colony. Over so extensive a region the plant is 
found to preserve a remarkable uniformity in 
the size and colour of its flowers, while in 
habit its variability is more pronounced, 
The following graphic account of this 
Orchid as seen in the south of India is 
communicated by “J. L.” to The Garden, 
XXXVIII. (1890), p. 607:—“In Malabar it 
mostly affects the jungle and marshy banks of 
sluggish-flowing rivers thick with trees of low 
stature and thorny undergrowth composed of 
Solanum ferox, spiny Acacias, and the like, 
where croak innumerable frogs, speaking 
eloquently of malaria, ague, and fever, and 
where crawls the deadly cobra, and where 
other reptiles and insects of strange appear- 
ance are abundant. In the midst of such 
surroundings, pendent from the branches of 
trees, may be seen the charming blooms of 
the Saccolabium (Rhynchostylis) spreading a 
fragrance around which compels the explorer 
to linger in the locality, even at the risk of 
subsequent attacks of jungle fever. Curiously 
enough the plants are never found in groups, 
but singly, with long distances between the 
individual plants. They come into flower 
during September and October, or imme- 
diately after the south-west monsoon rains 
cease, and from that date till the first spring 
showers fall in March or April these epiphytes 
enjoy complete rest. They are throughout 
nearly the whole of this period of rest more or 
less protected from the east winds that prevail 


Rhynchostylis retusa alha. 


for so many months, and they are under the 
influence of dense fogs during the night and 
early morning. During the prevalence of the 
south-west monsoon, which is their growing 
season, the temperature rarely falls below 
21° C. (70° F.), that 1s, when the sky is cloudy 
and the rain is pouring in torrents, perhaps 
for three and four weeks at a time. From 
the end of October till the end of April, the 
season of rest, the thermometer frequently 
falls in the mght and early morning to 9° C. 
(48° F.), so that the range of temperature 
under which they live in southern India is 
considerable.” 

The form now recognised as the type was 
detected by Dr. Blume during a_ journey 
through Java in 1823—4, a short time 
previous to the publication of his “ Contri- 
butions” (Bzjdragen) to the flora of that 
island, in which it was first described under 
the now accepted name of Rhynchostylis 
retusa. It was introduced from Java by 
Messrs. Loddiges in 1838—o, and was figured 


112 THE ORCHID WORLD: 


Rhynchostylis retusa alba. 


and described in Dr. Luindley’s Sertum 
Orchidaceum, under the name of Saccolabium 
Blumei, on the occasion of its first flowering 
in this country. It has since been gathered 
in Lower Burmah and in other localities in 
the eastern peninsula. Long, however, before 
the publication of Blume’s Bbzjdragen 
specimens of the Indian form, known in 
gardens as Saccolabium guttatum, had been 
transmitted to Europe, through which the 
plant became known to Linneus, who 


included it in his genus Epidendrum, as he 


[ February, IQI6. 


did all the epiphytal Orchids known to him. 
The first notice of it as a horticultural plant 
occurs in the Botanical Register for 1831, 
where it is figured under the name of 
Sarcanthus guttatus. In the  letter-press 
accompanying the plate Dr. Lindley states 
that “he saw in 1820, in Sir Joseph Banks’ 
library, a specimen in full flower that had 
been sent from the Royal Gardens at Kew,” 
and this was probably the first time of its 
flowering in England. Ten years later a 
plant was presented to the Horticultural 
Society of London by the East India 
Company through Dr. Wallich, which flowered 
at Chiswick in 1831. From that time to the 
present the species has been uninterruptedly 
represented in British Orchid collections. 
Rhynchostylis retusa guttata, perhaps better 
known in gardens as Saccolabium guttatum, 
is said to be distinguishable by its longer and 
narrower leaves, the flowers 
smaller, but more numerous and more densely 


somewhat 


spotted. Saccolabium Holfordianum (Waruer, 
Sel. Orch. IT., t. 78) belongs to this type. 

Rhynchostylis retusa premorsa, also known 
as Saccolabium praemorsum, possesses a more 
robust habit, the leaves often shorter and 
broader, and distinctly praemorse (as if bitten 
off) at the apex; flower-spikes longer, the 
individual blooms usually paler and with 
fewer spots. 

Robert Warner, when describing S. Holford- 
lanum, stated: “ This makes one of the finest 
of all plants for exhibition, as well as for the 
decoration of the Orchid house. And here 
we may remark that one cannot but regret 
the absence from our London exhibitions of 
remarkably fine plants, such as were seen 
exhibited at the time of the Chiswick shows. 
There they were frequently seen with from 
five to ten spikes of blossoms, or even more, 
on the same plant, and those who were in the 
habit of visiting these gardens at the time 
referred to often speak with regret of the 
absence of such remarkable specimens from 
the exhibitions of the present day.” 

In R. retusa alba there is an entire absence 
of the 
labellum, as well as the spotting on the sepals 


amethyst-purple colour on the 


and petals, thus leaving the flowers pure white. 


February, 1916. | THE-;ORCHID WORLD. 113 


Dendrobium endocharis. 


DENDROBIUM ENDOCHARIS.—This hybrid 
between moniliforme and aureum 1s of interest 
as being one of the earliest of the Dendrobium 
hybrids, dating back to the year 1876, when 
it was raised by Seden for Messrs. Veitch. 
Probably no plants are now in. existence. 
Although nothing favourable can be said 
concerning the shape of the segments, the 
flowers possessed a delightful violet fragrance 
which rendered them particularly inviting, for 
but few Orchids emit any scent, In colour 
milk-white, with a crimson-purple striated 
blotch at the base of the lip. A First-class 
Certificate was awarded by the R.HS,, 
March roth, 1885; it was then the second 
Dendrobium hybrid to be certificated, the first 
being D. Ainsworthu, February 18th, 1874. 
Those amateurs who cultivate Dendrobiums 
will at once see what a marvellous change has 
occurred since these early times, and if a 
similar improvement can be effected during 
the next thirty years we shall indeed have 
some wonders to behold. 


%) “yy uy 
“x MY “EY 


CATTLEYA PRETORIA—Two flowers of 


this hybrid between Peetersit (Hardyana x 
labiata) and aurea come from the collection of 


Mr. Richd. G. Thwaites, Streatham Hill. One 
has cream-white sepals and petals and a light 
purple lip, the other has rose-purple sepals 
and petals and a rich crimson lip; in fact, 
they differ so much that but few would believe 
they originated from the same pod, unless the 
parentage was carefully examined. Although 
these flowers are individually of a meritorious 
nature they do not reveal the intention of the 
hybridist, which was to produce a flower 
having white sepals and petals as in the first 
example, and a rich crimson lip, as seen in the 
second one. Such a result, when obtained, 
will indeed be an attractive novelty. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM GRANDE HIBERNUM.— 
Although O. grande is universally known as 
an autumn flowering species, there is an 
uncommon variety which differs by producing 
its flowers during the winter months, but 
there does not appear to be any botanical 
distinction in the plants or flowers. Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co. have a small batch of 
these plants, which come into flower every 
December and last well into the New Year, 
thus creating a welcome addition to the 
Xmas show. 


114 THE ORCHID 


WORLD. [February, 1916. 


Dendrobium MacCarthie. 


DENDROBIUM MACCARTHLE.— Particulars 
of this species were sent to the Royal 
Gardens, Kew, in 1855, by Dr. Thwaites, 
Director of the Botanic Garden at 
Peradeniya, Ceylon, who had discovered it 
growing on the trunks of trees in the forests 
of the southern parts of the island. Dr. 
Trimen has stated that this Orchid is getting 
very scarce and will soon become extinct ; 
it never seems to become established, and 
he believed its life to be naturally shorter 
than that of most species of Dendrobium. 
In the forests of Ceylon it is known to the 
natives by a name meaning May Flower, 
although in British collections it often 
flowers from one to two months later. It 
is dedicated to Mrs. MacCarthy, wife of the 
Colonial Secretary of the island when the 
plant was discovered. Although Dendrobium 
MacCarthie is a heat-loving plant, it grows 
but slowly under cultivation. Sometimes it 
is as late as December before its last made 
bulbs are matured. The best results have 
been obtained when the plants are placed 


in a small amount of compost and suspended 
in a light position. The plant remains as 
long as two months in flower. In colour 
rosy-mauve suffused with white, the lip 
bemg a purple blotch surrounded by a 
white zone. The Royal Horticultural Society 
awarded it a First-class Certificate as long 
ago as 1865, when it was exhibited by Mr. 
Ainsworth. 


CLAY SLABS FOR ORCHID GROWING.—The 
following note appeared in The Garden, 
October 8th, 1881 :—For years I have been 
using hard-burnt clay slabs in the growing of 
many varieties of Orchids, and the plants 
thrive on them remarkably well. These clay 
slabs are of a rich cream colour, and 
roughened to represent — bark. Being 
thoroughly burnt, no root-destroying fungus 
is ever found on them. The slabs vary in 
size, being from about 5 inches in diameter 
up to 10 inches or more——George Such, South 
Amboy, New Jersey. 


February, 1916.] 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


CATTLEYA ANITA—Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean have raised this elegant hybrid 
between Portia and aurea. In general 
appearance it 1s a glorified Portia, the thick, 
fleshy segments being of lilac-purple colour, 
while the petals are of excellent shape. 

CATTLEYA VALERIA—Rhoda (Hardyana 
xIris) and Portia are the parents of this 
pleasing hybrid recently raised by Messrs. 
J. and A. McBean. The influence of C. 
bicolor, derived through the Iris parent, 
has added a rich blotch of colour to the 
three-lobed labellum of this mauve-purple 
flower. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA BAsiIL—This hybrid 
between L.-C. callistoglossa and C. Mantinu 
was raised by Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. 
and first flowered in 1908, but it does not 
appear to have been recorded. A _ plant 
which has flowered this year carried dark 
purple flowers, best described as a glorified 
Mantinu. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA ANTINOUS.— The result 
of crossing C. Enid and L.-C. Myra. Raised 
by Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. in 1911, 
and known in some collections as L.-C. 
Antigone, a name previously in use for the 
hybrid between C. Schilleriana and L. 
purpurata. ; 

SOPHRO-CATTLEYA POPPAA.—This beau- 
tiful hybrid has been raised by Mr. Richd. 
G. Thwaites, Chessington, Streatham Hill. 
It is the result of crossing S. grandiflora and 
C. Empress Frederick; the very broad 
petals, as well as the sepals, are rich 
crimson-red, the labellum trumpet shape, 
yellow, shaded with red. 

CYMBIDIUM ALBANENSE.—The result of 
crossing erythrostylum and insigne Sanderi. 
Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

CYMBIDIUM ALBATROSS.—The parents. of 
this are Gottianum and grandiflorum. Raised 
by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

CyPRIPEDIUM GOLDEN GEM.— [his hybrid 
between insigne Sandere and Antinous 
received an A.M., Manchester Orchid 
Society, December 106th, 1915, when 
exhibited by Mr. R. Ashworth. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 115 


CyPRIPEDIUM WALTON GEM.—An Award 
of Appreciation was granted to this hybrid 
between Mdme. Jules Hye and Earl of 
Vankerville when exhibited by Mr. Wm. 
Thompson, Manchester Orchid Society, 
December 10th, 1915. 

CYPRIPEDIUM THORA.—Fairrieanum and 
Earl of Tankerville are the parents of this 
hybrid which received a F.C.C., Manchester 
Orchid Society, when exhibited by Mr. H. 
J. Bromilow, December 10th, 1915. 

CYPRIPEDIUM WM. ReEES—This_ hybrid 
between Hitchinsize and Milo received an 
Award of Merit, Manchester Orchid Society, 
January Oth, 19160, when exhibited by Mr. 
Thos. Worsley, Haslingden. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA DoRIs.—A First-class 
Certificate was granted to this hybrid between 
C. Mendelu and B-C. The Baron, when 
exhibited at the Manchester Orchid Society, 
January Oth, 1916, by Mr. Philip Smith, 
Ashton-on-Mersey. 

CATTLEYA THALIA—A_ useful winter- 
flowering hybrid between Percivaliana and 
Maggie Raphael. In colour rose-pink, the 
throat orange, veined with  crimson-red. 
Raised by Mr. C. F. Puddle in the collec- 
tion of Mr. W. H. St. Quintin, Rillington, 
York. 

ODONTIODA Mrs. NICHOLAS WORSLEY.— 
This is the result of crossing Odm. polyxan- 
thum and Oda. Bradshawie. It has flowered 
in the collection of Mr. H. Worsley, Sherfin, 
Baxenden, near Accrington, who kindly sends 
a specimen bloom; the sepals are almost 
covered with orange-yellow, tinged with 
brown, the petals lined and streaked with the 
same colour, while the labellum has an area 
of similar colour beneath the bright yellow 
crest. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM CLI0.—In the record of 
this hybrid on page 88, O. Harlequin should 
take the place of Arlequin. 

LA@LIO- CATTLEYA Momus. — Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co. have produced this 
elegant hybrid by crossing C. Octave Doin 
and L.-C. rubens. The flower, produced 
without a sheath, shows much of the character 
of L. pumila, but it 1s considerably larger, the 
lip bemg a noteworthy point of beauty. 


116 THE ORCHID WORED, 


CyYPRIPEDIUM MAJOR GRANT.—The result 
of crossing Van Dyck and Leeanum. Raised 
by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

CYPRIPEDIUM Mrs. GRANT.—This has 
been obtained by using Troilus var. Ville de 
Paris and Fairrieanum. Raised by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons, 

CyPRIPEDIUM MaAyis.—Alcibiades super- 
bum and Merlin are the parents of this new 
hybrid. Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

CYPRIPEDIUM GARNET—An unusually 
fine result obtained by crossing Hera 
Euryades and Lord Wolmer. Large flower, 
richly coloured, and boldly spotted. Raised 
by Mr. J. E. Shill in the collection of Baron 
Bruno Schréder. 

SOPHRO-LALIO-CATTLEYA CORONA.—An 
interesting seedling between S.-L.-C, Dorila 
(L. pumila x S.-C, Doris) and L.-C. Rubens 
(C, Hardyana x L. pumila), and flowering at 
the early age of 2 years 10 months. Petals 
round, rose-purple, lip crimson-purple. Raised 
by Mr. Richd, G. Thwaites, Streatham Hill. 

CYMBIDIUM CAPELLA, — This attractive 
result, obtained by crossing Wiganianum and 
Pauwelsu, has been raised by Mr. G. Hamilton- 
Smith, Leigh Woods, Bristol. The spike 
carried large flowers, of yellowish-green 
colour, the labellum having a red line round 
the border. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM CAROLINE. By crossing 
Pescatorei with harvengtense (loochristiense), 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean have produced a 
flower of excellent shape; in colour rich 
yellow, lighter towards the base of the 
segments, and with a few brownish spots. 

CYPRIPEDIUM GLADIATOR.—Messrs. Flory 
and Black have produced this excellent 
hybrid by crossing A*son and Idina. 

CYPRIPEDIUM MILLy.— This 
yellowish flower, with neatly 
spotting, has been produced by Messrs. Flory 
and Black. The parents are Arthurianum 
and Victor Hugo. 

La&LIA FLAVIONA—This pretty hybrid 
obtained an Award of Merit, R.H.S., January 
11th, 1916, when exhibited by Mr. E. G. 
Mocatta, Woburn Place, Addlestone. The 
parents are L. Iona (Dayana x tenebrosa) and 
L. flava, yielding an erect spike of 6 yellowish 
flowers, the sepals lightly lined with rose- 


pleasing 
arranged 


[February, 1916. 


purple, the petals splashed with the same 
colour. The lip very dark. 

CATTLEYA JASPER.—Messrs. Stuart Low 
and Co. are the raisers of this attractive 
hybrid between Venus and Octave Doin. In 
colour creamy-white, the labellum yellow with 
purplish markings. 

L&LIO-CATTLEYA VIKING.—L.-C. callisto- 
glossa and C. Percivaliana are the parents of 
this hybrid recently raised by Messrs. Stuart 
Low and Co. 


BRASSO-CATTLEYA PENELOPE.—C. Fabia 
and B.-C. Mad. Chas. Maron are the parents 
of this hybrid which Messrs, Stuart Low and 
Co. have raised. In one example the flower 
measures 8 inches across. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM KING ALBERT. — 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown have produced 
this handsome result by crossing Armstrongiz 
and crispum Luciani. 


CYPRIPEDIUM IVORINE.—This_ charming 
flower is ivory-white shaded with cream, and 
minutely spotted with rose-purple; the 
labellum yellowish and less spotted than the 
other segments, The parents are bellatulum 
and Leeanum. Raised by Mr. F. C. Puddle, 
in the collection of Mr. W. H. St. Quintin, 
Rillington, York, 


FLOWERS IN SEASON.—Seedlings flower- 
ing for the first time never show their full 
beauty, and subsequent careful cultivation 1s 
needed to bring them up to their full standard. 
No better proof of this is required than a 
series of flowers sent by Mr. F. C. Puddle, 
Scampston Hall Gardens, Rillington, all of 
which have been previously recorded in our 
pages. They are ‘Brasso-Cattleya Vanessa 
(B.-C. Digbyano-Warneri x C. Trane), a 
majestic flower of rose-pink colour; Leelio- 
Cattleya Florentia (C. labiata x L.-C. La 
France), with a flat, bright purple lip; Cypri- 
pedium Tracery (bellatulum x Psyche); and 
Cattleya Madonna (chocoensis x Triane), with 
broad petals and orange throat. A flower of 
a new seedling, Cypripedium Ivorine (bella- 
tulum x Leeanum), is also sent; it 1s ivory- 
white, shaded with cream, and minutely 
spotted with rose-purple. 


February, 1916. | THE ORCHID ‘WORLD. 117 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOGIETY. 


January 11th, 1916. 


MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney 
Wilson, R. A. Rolfe, R. G. Thwaites, F. J. 
Hanbury, Pantia Ralli, A. McBean, F. M. 
Ogilvie, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, W. H. 
Hatcher, H. G. Alexander, C. H. Curtis, J. E. 
Shull, W. P. Bound, A. Dye, S. W. Flory, W. 


Bolton and R. Brooman-White. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Lelio-Cattleya Antinous (L.-C. Myra x C. 
Enid), from Messrs. Charlesworth and Co.— 
The best result yet obtained from L. flava, 
derived through L.-C. Myra. The plant 
carried a spike of four large flowers of 
nankeen-yellow colour, obscurely suffused 
with rose; the lip claret-purple. This formed 
the centre of attraction in Messrs. Charles- 
worth’s Gold Medal group. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lzha Flaviona (Iona x flava), from E. G. 
Mocatta, Esq., Woburn Place, Addlestone.— 
This pleasing Lelia carried an erect spike of 
6 medium-size flowers; sepals and_ petals 
yellowish, the former lightly lined with rose- 
purple, the latter splashed with the same on 
the basal area. The lip very dark crimson-red. 

Odontioda Irene var. Glorita (Odm. Uro- 
Skinneri x Oda. Charlesworthu), from Messrs. 
Flory and Black, Slough——A richly-coloured 
hybrid with an erect spike of 16 flowers and 
buds; the sepals and petals crimson-red and 
shining; the large labellum rose-purple, and 
showing the mottling of Uro-Skinneri. 

Cattleya chocoensis alba McBean’s var., 
from Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge. 
—The finest form of this beautiful species, 
the petals unusually broad and large, the wide 
labellum having a chrome-yellow disc. 


Cattleya Percivaliana grandiflora, from 
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook. 
Not only the largest, but one of the best 
coloured varieties of this winter-flowering 
species. The plant carried seven flowers. 


PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION. 


Odontoglossum exultans Orchidhurst var., 
from Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tun- 
bridge Wells.—A fine form of this hybrid 
between crispum and excellens. Of yellow 
colour, the inner two-thirds of the segments 
blotched with brownish-red, the apex of the 
lip white. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Gold Medal for an 
exceedingly fine group, undoubtedly the finest 
winter exhibit ever staged in the R.H.S. Hall. 
Many choice varieties of Lelia anceps, both 
white and coloured, as well as masses of 
Calanthe Veitchi and the white C. Harrisn 
were used, while the front was occupied by 
the pretty Masdevallia tovarensis and the 
bright Oncidium cheirophorum. Odonto- 
elossums were well represented, and_ the 
yellow-spotted varieties were tastefully dis- 
played. Leelio-Cattleya Antinous, which 
eptamed ack © :G.ie-C. Servia and L.-C. 
Daphne were in prominent positions. The 
interesting Odontonia Langowoyi carried two 
spikes with 13 and 15 flowers respectively, 
and there was an excellent variety of Odonto- 
glossum Thwaitesia (Rossu x Harryanum). 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, 
Pembury, received a Silver Flora Medal for a 
eroup of well-grown plants, including the fine 
Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonu albens, Odontioda 
Joan, rose-coloured, a large variety of S.-C. 
Saxa with bright reddish flowers, Cypripedium 
Daisy Barclay, C. A*son giganteum and C. 
Leeanum “J. Gurney Fowler.” 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an inter- 
esting exhibit containing their new Cymbidium 
Albatross (Gottianum x grandiflorum), Catt- 
leya Leda, C. Snow Queen, with pure white 


118 THE ORCHID WORLD: 


flowers, several good Ccelogynes, the bright 
Lelia Gouldiana, Cypripedium Hindeanum 
and C, Connie (Fairrieanum x glaucophyllum). 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
secured a Silver Flora Medal for a pleasing 
group, in which were several excellent forms 
of their new Lelio-Cattleya Alex, with 
cinnabar-coloured flowers. Other plants 
were Odontioda Cooksonie, the white 
Calanthe Harrisu, Cattleya Triane, in several 
varieties, the new C. Jasper (Venus x Octave 
Doin), bright Oncidiums, Vanda coerulea and 
various Cypripediums. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
were awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an 
exhibit of Cymbidiums, of which they make a 
special feature, C. Alexander: and C. Doris 
being specially fine. Leelio-Cattleya Auto- 
Doin, with large rosy flowers, the bright blue 
Zygopetalum Mackayi, Odontoglossum Ruby 
and the new QO. Caroline (Pescatorei x 
harvengtense) were also shown. 

Mr. H. Dixon, Wandsworth Common, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat 
group, in which were several excellent 
varieties of Odontoglossum crispum, O. 
George Day (crispum x Rossi), with a spike 
of 7 flowers; L-C. Mygdon® (Triane x 
luminosa) and L.-C. Rubens were in good 
form. 

Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, was awarded 
a Bronze Banksian Medal for a group in which 
was a well-flowered Vanda ccerulea, several 
good forms of Odontoglossum crispum, Lelia 
anceps and various Cypripediums. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham Hill, 
exhibited the new S.-L.-C. Corona G=L-C. 
Dorila x L.-C. Rubens), flowering at the early 
age of 2 years and 10 months. The flower, 
produced without a sheath, had round petals 
of rose-purple, the lip crimson-purple. Also 
Od. Edna var. Rosita and Od. Humeanum. 

H. J. Elwes, Esq., Colesborne, Cheltenham, 
showed two pans of Pleione humilis, one with 
white and the other with lilac ground colour 
in the flowers. They were collected by Mr. 
-lwes in the Sikkim Himalayas, at an altitude 
of 9,000 feet. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, exhibited four promising Odonto- 


[February, 1916. 


elossum hybrids: King Albert (Armstrongia 
x crispum Luciani), 6f fine shape and hand- 
somely blotched; Peerless magnificum 
(Ossulstonu x eximium), with bold markings 
on a white ground; Peerless rubrum, with 
red-brown blotches; and exultans Orchid- 
hurst variety, yellow ground, blotched with 
red-brown, apex of lip white. 

G. Hamilton-Smith, Esq., Northside, Leigh 
Woods, Bristol, showed Cymbidium  glebe- 
landense (Cooperi), and another hybrid 
imported with it. Also C. Capella, a new 


-hybrid between Wiganianum and Pauwelsi, 


of yellowish colour, with a red line on the 
margin of the lp. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, staged 
Cypripedium Glorita, a very promising hybrid 
of Calypso. Also C. Gladiator (A®son x 
Idina), C. Milly (Arthurianum x Victor Hugo), 
both excellent results, and the elegant 
Coelogyne Mooreana. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, showed 
Cypripedium Hera “New Hall Hey var.,” C. 
Gaston Bultel, and well-flowered plants of C. 
Minos Young. 

Mine GA Vs evicilless 


Cypripedium Cravenianum. 


Wisbech, staged 


January 25th, 1910. 


MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Pantia Ralls, 
Gurney Wilson, T. Armstrong, W. Bolton, R. 
Brooman-White, J. Cypher, J. Shill, — J. 
Charlesworth, C. J. Lucas, H. G. Alexander, 
W. Cobb, F. J. Hanbury, W. H. Hatcher, 
E. H. Davidson, S. W. Flory, A. McBean, 
R. A. Rolfe and C. H. Curtis. 


AWARD OF MERIT. 


Cattleya  Triane  Reeblingiana, from 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co.—A_ tichly- 
coloured flower of fine form and substance, 
the petals flushed with purple on the apical 
portions, the large labellum dark crimson- 
purple, 


February, 1916. | 


PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION. 

Odontoglossum Anzac (eximium x Colos- 
sus), from Messrs, Armstrong and Brown. 
A very handsome flower with unusually 
broad petals, the greater part of which are 
covered with a solid blotch of reddish-purple. 
Flowering for the first time, it only carried a 
single bloom. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
Surrey, was awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for an attractive exhibit of specimen Cym- 
bidium hybrids, all well flowered and effec- 
tively staged. The best were Queen of 
Gatton (insigne x Lady Colman), in several 
varieties; Coningsbyanum (grandiflorum x 
insigne); Gattonense, somewhat similar to 
the imported [’Ansonu; and Lady Colman, 
of which the variety Golden Queen was of 
ereenish-gold colour. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. received a 
Silver Flora Medal for a group of select 
plants, including Odontioda Zenobia, O. 
Joan and O. Royal Gem, all well flowered ; 
also Cattleya Enid, with white sepals and 
petals; the pretty Sophro-Cattleya Saxa; 
Cypripedium Tigris and Odontoglossum 
hybrids. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean received a 
Silver Flora Medal for a tastefully arranged 
exhibit of Cymbidium hybrids, of which 
Doris, Alexanderi and Schlegeli were spe- 
cially noteworthy. Other plants included 
Lycaste Barringtoniz, with no less than 27 
flowers; various Odontiodas and Odonto- 
glossom hybrids, as well as several fine forms 
of white Lelia anceps. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons were awarded a 
Silver Flora Medal for an interesting group, 
in which were Lycaste mesochlena, with 13 
flowers ; some good examples of Laelia Goul- 
diana, many-flowered plants of Dendrobium 
Wardianum, the scarce Odontoglossum coro- 
narium brevifolium, Cymbidium Albatross 
(Gottianum x grandiflorum), and various 
Lelio-Cattleyas. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown obtained a 
Silver Flora Medal for an exhibit of winter- 
flowering Cypripediums, the best being Cupid, 
Holdeni, Bolton and Niobe; also Brasso- 


THE ORCHID WORLD. Lig 


Odontonia 
Cymbidium 


Cattleya 
brugensis, 


Vesta, the pretty 
Miltonia Bleuana, 
hybrids and several promising new Odonto- 
glossums, one of which received a Prelimin- 
ary Commendation. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons were awarded 
a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group of 
Cypripediums, praiseworthy examples being 
seen in Archie Nield, Lillie Mayall and 
Priam. Some well-flowered Calanthes, white 
varieties of Lelia anceps and Oncidium 
divaricatum were also included. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. staged 
Cypripedium Aisne (Leeanum Clinkaberry- 
anum x Mrs. Mostyn), an attractive flower 
with bold spotting on the dorsal sepal; the 
pure white variety of Cattleya Percivaliana, 
and Cattleya Triane The Baron, a magnifi- 
cent variety which has previously received a 
First-class Certificate. 

Messrs. Flory and Black staged Brasso- 
Lelho-Cattleya Simone (L.-C. Hippolyta x 
B.-C. Digbyano-Trianz), of reddish colour ; 
also Masdevallia macrura and a pleasing 
variety of Odontoglossum ardentissimum. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. exhibited the new 
Cymbidium Diana (Pauwelsii x eburneo- 
Lowianum), with rose-tinted flowers, the lip 
bordered with red; also Cypripedium Moira 
(Priam x bingleyense), of good shape and 
bright ruby-crimson colour. 

Mrs €. -F Waters staged a group of 
Odontoglossums, Lycaste Skinneri, Cypri- 
pedium Maudie, Vanda 
Dendrobium Wardianum. 

Miss Willmott, Warley Place, Essex, ex- 
hibited Oncidium Cebolleta, with cylindrical 
pointed leaves, and carrying an erect spike 
of 4 flowers and buds, dull yellow spotted 
with brown. 


coerulea and 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


December 16th, 1915. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: R. 
Ashworth, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. H. Bell, 
ie Cypher wwk —Biyvats, Po Poster |Ar oR; 
Handley, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, W. 
Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp and H. Arthur 
(Secretary). 


ee THE ORCHID WORLD. 


A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; and Silver 
Medals to Wm. Thompson, Esq., Stone ; 
Rey. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors ; S. 
Gratrix, Esq. Whalley Range; Messrs. 
Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham ; and Messrs. 
A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford. Other 
exhibitors included O. O. Wrigley, Esq., 
Bury; Mrs. le Doux, West Derby; H. Ab. 
Bromilow, Esq., Rainhill; P. Smith, Esq, 
Ashton-on-Mersey ; and Messrs. Sander and 
Sons, St. Albans. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Lelio-Cattleya Alex “Ashlands var.” 
(L.-C. Tunis x C. aurea), well-shaped flower, 
suffused peach coiour, with broad deep- 
coloured lip, from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Thora, a large flower, dorsal 
sepal well spotted, from H. J. Bromilow, Esq. 

Odontoglossum crispum var. Luna umbra, 
large round flower of good substance, from S. 
Gratrix, Esq. 

Cypripedium Alcibiades “ Sir 
Haig,” large flower, dorsal sepal over 3 inches 
across, flat petals, slightly lined, from P. 
Smith, Esq. 

Cypripedium Alcibiades “ Thunderer,” large 
flower, dorsal sepal slightly waved, over 
3 inches across, from Wm. Thompson, Esq. 


Douglas 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Evelyn Sander (Trane alba x 
Dusseldorfer Undine) and Cattleya Dragon 
(Fabia x fulvescens), both from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Cypripedium Golden Gem (nsigne San- 
derze x Antinous), from R. Ashworth, Esq. 


AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 
Cypripedium Walton Gem (Mdm. Jules 


Hye x Earl of Tankerville), from Wm. 
Thompson, Esq. 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. 


To Mr. W. W. Field, gr. to S. Gratrix, Esq., 
for batch of Lelia Gouldiana. 


[February, 1916. 


January Oth, 1910. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Cypher, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. 
R. Handley, A. Hanmer, D, Mcleod aye 
Shackleton, S. Swift, Hi Thorp, and 
Arthur (Secretary). 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch ; S. Gratrix, Esq., 
Whalley Range; A. Hanmer, Esq., Chester ; 
and Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham. 
A Silver Medal was granted to T. Worsley, 
Esq., Haslingden; and Bronze Medals to F. 
A. Hindley, Esq., Bradford; and Messrs. A. 
J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford. Other 
exhibitors included O. O. Wrigley, Esq. 
Bury; P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey ; 
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans; and 
Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cypripedium Cavalier var. Mrs. S. Gratrix, 
a noble flower, the round dorsal heavily 
spotted and margined with white, from S. 
Gratrix, Esq. 

Brasso-Cattleya Doris (C. Mendelu x B.-C. 
The Baron), a large flower with broad and 
well-set fringed lip, brilliant lines of colour in 
the throat, from P. Smith, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium Wim. Rees (Hitchinsize x Milo), 
C. Lord Wolmer “ Worsley’s var.,” and C. 
viridissimum “Carter Place var.,” all from 
Thos. Worsley, Esq. 

Odontoglossum crispum Janua, from R. 
Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Nydia var. Gratrixia, from S. 
Gratrix, Esq. 

Odontioda Diana “ Haddon House var.,” 
from P. Smith, Esq. 


AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 


Odontoglossum Anzac 
known), from P. Smith, Esq. 


(parentage un- 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. 


Mr. E. Rogers (gr. to O. O. Wrigley, Esq.) 
for Lala Gouldiana and Calanthes in variety. 


aH’ i, 
a eS SA NG DE a ae 


EF” 


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= PTY 
we Em are hye yr Vat? 


THE Soda WORLD. A 


Von..'6: Marcu, 1916. 


NOT Bis: 


R.H.S. SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE—The 
following have been elected members of this 
Committee :—Dr. E. J. Russell, Rothamstead, 
Herts; and Mr. A. D. Cotton, F.L.S., Plant 
Pathologist, Kew. 


¥¥ ¥y 


KS 
SS 
Ke 


THE DavipsON Cup.—This handsome 
trophy is to be awarded at the forthcoming 
Chelsea Show for the best Odontoglossum 
crispum. Considering the popularity of this 
beautiful species there should bea large entry. 


¥y¥ “y 


eS 
KS 


y 
os 


CaLyPsO BOREALIS IN FINLAND.—The 
author of the article on Calypso borealis, 
page 53, asks whether the leaf always withers 
before the flower opens. I beg to inform him 
that the leaf remains green until late summer, 
the flowering season being May and June. I 
grow some specimens in the forest here, near 
my residence, and every year have had the 
opportunity of seeing them in bloom. In its 
wild state this species appears in the same 
way regarding the flower and leaf as has been 
the case with me. Concerning its natural 
place of growth I should say forest, not 
swamps.—E. Odenwall, Alajarvi, Kurejokt, 
Finland. 


VS 
aS 


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Wee 


IN an article bearing the title “Orchids in 
the Rockies,” which appeared in Country Life, 
February 6th, 1909, an illustration is given of 
Calypso borealis, the flowers accompanied by 
fresh green leaves. The author, Julia W. 
Henshaw, states :—“ Some of the Orchids are 
quite common in the Rocky Mountains, such, 
for instance, as the lovely Calypso, whose 


VOL. VI. 


large rose-pink sacs, striped with a deeper 
hue and variegated by yellow spots, form 
clumps of exquisite colour in the deep green 
forests.” 


KS 
*K 
Ke 


CYPRIPEDIUM FLOWERS.—I am_ inter- 
ested to know what is the length of time a 
Cypripedium remains in bloom, as a plant of 
mine, C. Spicerianum, with a single flower, 
remained in bloom from August 3rd_ till 
November 5th, and then was only cut off to 
avoid too great a strain on the plant. I have 
also a plant of C. Leeanum superbum, with 
two flowers, which have already been open 
over a month and are large and firm; as this 
plant is strong and healthy I intend to see 
how long it will remain in bloom. Perhaps 
readers of the ORCHID WORLD will give me 
further instances—Chas. Power, Barrack- 


pore, India. 


A 
¥é 
YS 
KE 


DISBUDDING.—Although the practice of 
removing the upper portion of the spike in 
order to increase the size of the remaining 
flowers is not now carried out quite so 
drastically, there are examples to be occa- 
sionally seen in which some of the lower buds 
have been removed, the grower thus 
endeavouring to evade the law by leaving 
the top portion of the spike in its natural 
state. There are, however, some cases in 
which the flowers are so close to one another 
that the graceful habit of the spike is only 
preserved by removing every alternate bud. 
No doubt the remaining flowers are thereby 
increased in size, and although from a com- 
mittee’s point of view such a plant might 
justly be disqualified, there are other reasons 
which appear to make the practice legitimate. 


16 


122 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


The Lawrence Medal. 


LAWRENCE MEDAL.— The Lawrence 
Medal for 1915 has been awarded to Mr. J. 
Gurney Fowler, Brackenhurst, Pembury, 
Kent, for his magnificent exhibit of Orchids 
at the last Chelsea Show. This medal was 
established to commemorate the twenty-first 
year of Sir Trevor Lawrence’s presidency of 
the R.H.S., which took place February 13th, 
1906. It is only struck in gold, and is 
awarded independently by the direct vote of 
the Council, who confine themselves to not 
more than one medal a year. 


. we 
¥y ¥y 


KS 


R.H.S. “OrcHID Awarps.”—No better 
guide to the valuable work carried on by the 
Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural 
Society is to be obtained than the new 
edition of the “List of Awards made to 
Orchids during the period 1859—1915.” Not 
only does it indicate the various sections 
which have at different times achieved popu- 
larity, but it serves as a most efficient book of 
reference to the finest species and varieties 
that have received certificates after careful 
examination by a committee of experts. 
Consisting of 81 quarto pages, interleaved 
with blank sheets for recording future awards 
and notes, this book is indispensable to all 
Orchidists, for apart from showing the 
progress of Orchidology it serves as a ready 
reference to questions of nomenclature. <A 
special vote of thanks is due to Mr. J. Gurney 
Fowler for the vast amount of work he has 


[March, 1916. 


undertaken in compiling such a monumental 
and accurate List. ‘It is published by the 
RES), peice gs. 


CYPRIPEDIUM HERATRIX. 


(Hera x Gratrixianum.) 


ATHER more than ordinary interest 1s 
R attached to this hybrid, for it happens 
to be the first result obtained from 

the latter parent. 

C. Gratrixianum was introduced from 
Annam by Messrs. Sander and Sons, and 
exhibited by them at the R.H.S., January 
24th, 1905. The flower is much like C. exul 
in general appearance, and also bears a 
resemblance to C. insigne. Some uncertainty 
was at first expressed as to its right to specific 
rank, but the leaves, which are broader than 
those of C. exul, as well as other details, are 
now regarded as_ sufficient evidence to 
overcome this doubt. 

Only a few plants were received, and 
among those who secured them was Mr. Fred. 
J. Hanbury, Brockhurst, East Grinstead, who, 
as soon as one flowered, used the pollen to 
fertilise a good variety of C. Hera. One of 
the resulting seedlings has recently flowered, 
and if it can be taken as representative of the 
characteristics of this comparatively new 
species there is every likelihood of some very 
pretty hybrids being seen on future occasions. 
The dorsal sepal of C. Heratrix is emerald- 
green, prettily reticulated with a darker shade 
of the same colour, while the edge is bordered 
with porcelain white. 

It should be mentioned that a Cypripedium 
hybrid between bellatulum and enfieldense 
has been named Gratrixianum, but this is a 
synonym of James Buckingham, recorded 
some years previously. Owing to this simi- 
larity of nomenclature we _ erroneously 
described in our last issue, page 109, Mr. 
Hanbury’s new hybrid as C. Hippolyte (Hera 
x James Buckingham), which should be 
cancelled, as no such hybrid has been 
produced in the Brockhurst collection. 


March, 1916. } THE ORCHID 


TWIN FLOWERS. 


TWIN FLOWERS we have had almost every 
year since we began to grow Lycaste 
Skinneri, and I certainly think that vigour 
has a great deal to do with their production. 
As our plants have yielded a very large 
number of flowers in past years they are 
somewhat weakened, and this is probably the 
reason why we have no examples of twins 
this season; we have removed many of the 
spikes in order to assist recuperation. I have 
also heard once or twice of twin flowers in the 
Broadoaks collection near here. When twins 
appear I think the effect is spoiled as one 
flower seems to be in the way of the other.— 
E. Rogers, Bridge Hall Gardens, Bury. 


TWIN FLOWERS.—So far as I am aware, 
twin flowers are rare in Lycaste Skinneri. In 
Mr. F. D. Godman’s collection, South Lodge, 
Horsham, this species was grown in compara- 
tively large quantities, at least 500 flowers 
each season. The plants certainly grew well, 
and from 12—15 flowers were often produced 
on a single bulb. During a period of about 
five years I must have seen quite 2,500 
flowers, but never remember a single instance 
in which a spike carried more than one flower. 
There was, however, a plant of Lycaste 
Balle, South Lodge variety, which once 
produced a twin-flowered spike, but this was 
several years ago, and the only example I 
have ever seen.—Lycaste. 


REFERRING to the note on twin flowers, 
page 98, it may be of interest to recall some 
remarks made by the late Jas. Douglas 
concerning Lycaste Skinneri cultivated in the 
Higham Hall collection. The owner, Mr. 
Borwick, was accustomed to use fish manure 
for his Orchids, generally in the form of dry 
powder distributed in the compost, although 
sometimes added to the water. Under this 
treatment twin flowers were by no means 
uncommon, although one was usually removed 
in the bud state so as to allow the other ample 
room for development. Mr. Douglas, himself, 


WORLD. 123 


was a skilled grower of Orchids, and for 
Lycaste Skinneri he advocated a compost of 
leaf-mould and peat. In his batch of a dozen 
plants two twin-flowered spikes appeared in 
one season. One would infer from the above 
that the fish manure in the one case and the 
leaf-mould in the other acted as vigorous 
stimulants, the ultimate result being excessive 
development of the inflorescence, which in 
Lycaste Skinneri took the form of twin 
flowers. 


YY XY Ky 


ALTHOUGH I do not remember any 
instances of twin flowers in Lycaste Skinner, 
we did have an example in the closely allied 
Anguloa Clowesu, which happened last year 
on a fairly strong plant. I do not remember 


seemg any similar examples in _ other 
collections.—E. Johnson, Borde Hill Gardens, 
Cuckfield. 


kes, 
Ye 
iS 
VK 
AS 
‘K 


Nee 


A FINE plant of Anguloa Clowes was at 
one time in the collection of Major Joicey, 
Sunningdale Park; in fact, it was the one to 
which the R.H.S. granted a First-class Certifi- 
cate, June 12th, 1894. In the year 1902 this 
specimen was growing in a 14-inch pot, when 
it produced the unusual number of 30 spikes, 
with a total of 33 flowers, there being three 
examples of twin flowers. 


« 
<< 
VES 
Nee 
S 
Kee 


CONCERNING this interesting subject, the 
only case of twin flowers I ever remember 
seeing on Lycaste Skinneri occurred some 
thirty years ago. The plant had evidently 
been well cultivated, for no less than 16 
flowers were produced from one bulb, and 
there were two examples of twin-flowered 
scapes.—/James Cypher, Cheltenham. 


vy AN 
NaN % 


Ve 
"ee 


NA 
2 


REFERRING to the mention of twin flowers 
on Lycaste Skinneri, we decided to examine 
some 300 plants of Cymbidium eburneum, 
which are now in spike and flower in our 
collection, and notwithstanding a_ careful 
inspection we entirely failed to find a single 


124 THE ORCHID 


case of twin-flowered scapes. We might 
mention that some twelve years ago there was 
a very fine specimen of this species in the 
collection of Mr. J. Miller Mundy, Shipley 
Hall, Derby, which bore a total of 31 flowers, 
eight of which were on twin-flowered stems. 
This seems to suggest that unusual vigour 
may be the cause.—Mansell and Haiche7s, 
Rawdon, Leeds. 


Dendrobium Bensonie. 


DENDROBIUM BENSONI4—This species 
was sent to Messrs. Veitch by Col. Benson, 
after whose wife it is named at his own 
request. It is found on the mountains near 
Tongou, direct west of Prome, at an elevation 
of about 1,500 feet above sea level, and 
spreads southwards as far as the latitude of 
Moulmein. Ever since its introduction it has 
been regarded as one of the finest of the 
white-flowered Dendrobiums in the section to 
which it belongs. The spots on the lip are 
variable, being sometimes large and even 
confluent, sometimes not larger than small 
peas, and in one variety called xanthinum 
they are altogether absent. D. Bensonize 
usually flowers in May and June, and occa- 
sionally later. As regards its vegetation two 
forms are known in gardens, the original from 
the Arracan Hills and the other, with more 
robust stems, from the Kareen Hills. 


WORLD. [March, 1916. 


NEW HYBRIDS: 


SOPHRO-CATTLEYA ENID—An excellent 
result obtained by crossing S. grandiflora with 
C. Enid, the flower being rich crimson-red. 
Raised by Messrs. J. and A. McBean. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA. JESSAMINE. — L.-C. 
Oriens (Cowani x Triane) and C. chocoensis 
alba are the parents of this excellent hybrid, 
the special features being the bright canary- 
yellow colour, and the unusually wide petals 
for a hybrid of this description. Raised by 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM TIGRIS.—The result of 
crossing Thompsonianum (Edwardu x cris- 
pum) and eximium. The flower, larger than 
the primary crosses of Edwardu, has a rose- 
white ground with crimson-purple blotches. 
Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 

CYPRIPEDIUM CLARET.—The parents of 
this are Fairrieanum and memoria Moensu, 
the flower being of a rich claret-red colour. 
Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 

_£LIO-CATTLEYA ADOLPHAUREA.— Three 
flowers of this hybrid between L.-C. Adolphus 
(Acklandiaz x cinnabarina) and C. aurea are 
sent by the raiser Mr. Fred. J. Hanbury, 
Brockhurst, East Grinstead. The range of 
colour is remarkable, one being rose-crimson ; 
another yellowish, suffused with cinnabar-red; 
while the third, to which the varietal name 
Mrs. F. J. Hanbury has been applied, is some- 
what larger, the sepals and petals rich crocus- 
yellow, the elongated and crisped labellum 
crimson with orange centre. This last- 
mentioned example is remarkably distinct 
and would never be taken for a variety of 
L.-C. Adolphus, there being no evidence of 
the C. Acklandiz, the flower showing the 
characters of aurea and cinnabarina, and thus 
approaching L.-C. Charlesworthu. 

CYPRIPEDIUM DORA —The result of 
crossing aureum Hyeanum with Memoria 
Jerninghamie. Of bright golden-yellow 
colour, the apical area of the dorsal sepal 
white. This charming hybrid has been 
raised by Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. 

CYPRIPEDIUM MARTINA.—The parentage 
of this is Hera var. Euryades x Minos. Raised 
by Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA ELSA—The result of 


March, 1916. } 


crossing L.-C. highburiensis and C. Dowiana, 
and showing the rich coloration of C. 
Lawrenceana derived through the former 
parent. Raised by Messrs. Stuart Low 
and Co. 

CATTLEYA MENDABIA.—The specific name 
is derived from the parents Mendel and 
Fabia. This hybrid, raised by Messrs. Stuart 
Low and Co., is of interest as it connects a 
spring-flowering Cattleya with two autumn- 
flowering species. 

BRASSO - LEZLIO- CATTLEYA PROBUS.— 
B.-L. Digbyano-purpurata and C. Portia are 
the parents of this hybrid, recently raised by 
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. 

CYPRIPEDIUM FORMIDABLE. — Mastersi- 
anum and Alcibiades are the parents of this 
pleasing hybrid, of which the raisers are 
Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA OBERON.—A fine 
addition to this section, the parents being 
B.-C. Digbyano-Mossie x C. Schrédere. 
Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

CyMBIDIUM DIANA.—The result of crossing 
Pauwelsu and eburneo-Lowianum. The plant 
carried an erect spike of rose-tinted flowers, 
the labellum bordered with red. Raised by 
Messrs. Hassall and Co. 

L&LIO-CATTLEYA MonicaA.—L.-C. callisto- 
glossa and L.-C. Myra are the parents of this 
hybrid, the attractive point being a bright 
ruby-crimson lip. Raised by Messrs. J. and 
A. McBean. 

BRASSO-L£LIO-CATTLEYA SIMONE.—The 
parents of this are L.-C. Hippolyte and 
B.-C. Digbyano-Triane, the flower inheriting 
the cinnabarina colour, derived through the 
former parent. Raised by Messrs. Flory and 
Black. 

CYPRIPEDIUM INRYL.—Beryl and insigne 
var. Thompsonianum are the parents of this 
hybrid, recently raised by Messrs. Sander and 
Sons. 

CYPRIPEDIUM ALLIANCE.—This hybrid 
between Alcides and Leeanum received an 
Award of Merit, Manchester Orchid Society, 
January 20th, 1916, when exhibited by Mr. 
Thos. Worsley. 

CYMBIDIUM VEGA.—The result of crossing 
Lowgrinum (Lowianum x tigrinum) and 
Lowianum concolor. Sepals and petals 


VOL. VI. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 125 


greenish, the labellum yellowish, the front 
lobe having a V-shaped crimson _ blotch. 
Raised by Mr. G. Hamilton-Smith,, Leigh 
Woods, Bristol. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM MRs. S. GRATRIX.—One 
of the richest coloured of all the Rossi 
hybrids, the ground colour deep rose-crimson, 
the sepals and petals blotched and spotted 
with crimson-red. The lip bears a dark 
crimson blotch beneath the crest, which with 
its surrounding area is bright yellow, thus 
making a striking contrast. The parentage 
is Rossu x eximium, and a flower has 
been received from Mr. W. W. Field, of 
West Poimt Gardens, Whalley Range, Man- 
chester. . 

ODONTOGLOSSUM OLGA.—A very pretty 
flower of yellow ground colour effectively 
blotched with reddish-brown. The parents 
are waltonense (crispum x polyxanthum) and 
Vuylstekeze. Raised by Mr. F. C. Puddle in 
the collection of Mr. W. H. St. Quintin, 
Rillington, York. 

DENDROBIUM ARABIS.—By crossing Cas- 
siope with Cybele album this pleasing hybrid 
has flowered in Mr. W. H. St. Quintin’s 
collection, Rillington, York. The white 
flower is slightly tinged with rose on the 
base of the segments, the lip yellowish with a 
maroon blotch. Mr. F. C. Puddle, the raiser, 
states that the seed was sown July, 1913, so 
the plants are flowering when 2 years and 
7 months old. 

CYMBIDIUM MIRANDA.—Two elegant and 
distinct varieties of this hybrid have already 
flowered in the Westonbirt collection. The 
parentage is Alexanderi x Lowio-grandi- 
florum. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA ERZERUM.—The result 
of crossing C. Triane and L.-C. Mrs. Temple 
(C. Mossie x L.-C. Henry Greenwood), and 
yielding a large flower with broad segments 
of rose-purple colour. Raised by Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown. 

CYPRIPEDIUM MorRA.— This _ richly- 
coloured hybrid has been raised by Messrs. 
Hassall and Co. through the use of Priam and 
bingleyense. Apart from being of neat 
formation it possesses a remarkable claret-red 
colour, uniformly distributed throughout all 
the segments. 


17 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[March, 1916. 


Lelio-Cattleya callistoglossa, 


WORLD. 


ORCHID 


THE 


March, 1916. | 


‘ayppadintses winsoisupy 


128 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


CYMBIDIUM COOPERI AND 
C. ROSEUM. 


OTH Cymbidium Cooperi and C. roseum 
B came out of a batch of Cymbidiums 
imported from Annam in 1913; they 
have been grown on in my collection since 
that date and are now in flower for the second 
time. The blooms are entirely different in 
size, shape and colouring, the difference in 
size being especially noticeable. That they 
are either new species or natural hybrids is 
beyond the slightest doubt; that insigne is 
one parent seems clear, but the other parent 
is extremely difficult to place. 

Other well-known species of Cymbidium 
that have been found growing and imported 
with Cooperi and roseum are Ballianum, 
erythrostylum, Parishii and Schroderi. It 
would immediately occur to anyone that the 
latter is the other parent of the plant we have 
named Cooperi, but it happens that this cross 
(insigne x Schréderi) has been raised artifi- 
cially and recorded as glebelandense and 
subsequently J. Davis. But every flower of 
these crosses, which I have seen has nothing 
in common with Cooperi, and, therefore, it 
must be safe to assume that there still remains 
to be found and imported an unknown 
Cymbidium which will prove to be the other 
parent. 

C. Cooperi and C. roseum, together with 
other unflowered plants, were acquired by me 
in the imported state, and after being 
thoroughly cleaned and potted up_ they 
gradually developed into their present con- 
dition. I particularly call attention to this 
fact, as doubt has been cast upon the status 
of the plants by a certain raiser who affirms 
that they were home-raised seedlings. 

Amongst the original batch of plants, all 
of which were picked out as being distinct in 
appearance, are some which have not yet 
bloomed, but are in spike, and even now show 
distinct habits from the plants they were 
imported with and sold as, ze. C. insigne. 
—Geo. Hamilton-Smith, Northside, Leigh 
Woods, Bristol. 


CE 


[March, 1916. 


CYMBIDIUMS. 


India, Burmah, Java, Australia, Mada- 

gascar, etc., diverse characters and 
species apparently widely separated may 
naturally be expected in the genus. 

The Indian and Burmese (including Assam) 
species: Lowianum, giganteum, eburneum, 
grandiflorum (Hookerianum), Tracyanum and 
elegans, as well as affine and Mastersi once 
placed under a distinct genus Cyperorchis, 
have all been in cultivation for many years, 
Tracyanum being added to them some twenty 
years ago. In addition, several minor species 
of less floral importance: aloifolium, pen- 
dulum, javanicum, canaliculatum, madidum, 
sinense, cyperifolium, 1onosmum, Devonianum, 
tigrinum, etc. were known, but were and 
are of botanical rather than horticultural 
importance. 

The foregoing species present sufficient 
differences in their growth, size, shape of 
flowers and floral coloration to make the 
genus an interesting study, but when one 
takes into consideration the species from 
Madagascar, rhodocheilum and Humbloti, 
and the Javan species Huttonui, all of which 
differ still more from the type, the limits of 
the genus have to be greatly extended, and a 
still further extension is necessary when the 
latest introduced species—those obtained 
from Annam—are brought under notice. 

These, in combination with some of the 
older known species and hybrids, have given 
and are giving us a new and most beautiful 
class of hybrids, but, unfortunately, our know- 
ledge of these species is as yet very meagre 
and very much more information is required 
before all can be clearly defined. 

About the year 1904 Messrs. Sander and 
Sons, of St. Albans, obtained from Annam, 
through Mr. Micholitz, their collector, a small 
importation of Cymbidiums, and probably no 
single importation of any one genus coming 
from practically one locality has contained so 
many species. Briefly, these were Sandere, 
Sanderi (insigne), Schréderi, erythrostylum, a 
form of giganteum, a plant or two closely 
allied to, if not the same as, Dayanum, and a 
species now considered as Ballianum. 


[Ly ees these plants are in 


March, 1916. | DE ORCHID 


Somewhere about the same time, Messrs. 
Veitch, of Chelsea, exhibited Cymbidium 
Wilsonu, from Yunnan, and named after their 
collector. 

A later importation from Annam gave 
Messrs. Sander several plants  indistin- 
guishable from [’Ansonu, a plant which had 
previously flowered with Messrs. Low and 
Co., and supposed to be a natural hybrid 
between Tracyanum and Lowianum, and of 
which the Cymbidium known as Mandaianum 
is probably a colour form. Also a_ plant 
labelled by Micholitz as distinct and carrying 
21 flowers on the spike. This passed into the 
collection of Mr. G. Hamilton-Smith, Leigh 
Woods, Bristol, and was named Cooper, but 
when exhibited it was regarded as_ being 
probably the same as glebelandense (Schro6- 
deri x insigne), a hybrid raised in the collec- 
tion of Mr. J. Gurney Fowler. It must be 
said that there is great doubt as to the 
synonymy of these two plants. The imported 
form has much more fleshy flowers and a 
difference both in the lp and colour; since 
its appearance two other plants have 
flowered with Messrs. Sander which are 
probably forms of Cooperi, but they differ 
both from it and glebelandense. Unfortu- 
nately, comparison between a series of 
flowers from the imported plants and the 
garden hybrid has not yet been possible. 

With Cymbidium Cooperi, adhering to that 
name to prevent further confusion, came a 
second species, or hybrid, C. roseum. This 
was thought to have similar parents, but 
several plants have flowered and are con- 
siderably distinct from glebelandense. There 
is certainly a slight resemblance to insigne, 
but the colour and shape are so modified that 
it seems almost impossible that Schréderi 
should be the other parent; it is more 
reasonable to presume that it is a true species, 
or, failing that, a hybrid between insigne and 
some species not yet discovered. 

The old difficulty of exactly defining a 
species occurs here, but when it is remem- 
bered that of the above-mentioned plants 
seven were new to cultivation, and that 
although Yunnan, Annam, Upper Burmah 
and Siam are contiguous, the possibility of 
other hybrids or species existing in the region 


VOL. VI. 


WORLD. 129 


seems quite feasible. Only one species comes 
from Yunnan. 

It may be, too, that climate or local environ- 
ment has greatly modified the different forms, 
perhaps within a comparatively small area. 
The form of giganteum certainly differs horti- 
culturally from the type. The bulbs seem 
larger, more green and fleshy, and the 
inflorescence is shorter and carries fewer 
flowers, which, however, are much _ brighter 
and more red in colour. This statement must 
be taken broadly and as applying to types 
rather than to individual plants and varieties. 
While referring to C. giganteum it may be of 
interest to note that a flower of this species, 
collected in Queensland, was sent to the 
writer, and it agreed exactly with the Annam 
form. 

Again, as regards the species called 
Ballianum. If not really distinct, the Annam 
variety is certainly not as large and_bold- 
flowered as the original forms which were 
imported by Messrs. Sander with C. eburneum 
and flowered for the first time in 1898 or 
1899. The natural hybrid theory was 
suggested then and eburneum and Mastersi 
hazarded as parents, but the original 
Ballianum was almost, if not quite, as large 
as eburneum, and the influence of Mastersii 
must surely have reduced the size and 
substance. If, however, eburneum could be 
crossed with the Annam Ballianum_ the 
resulting hybrid should be, theoretically, like 
the original. Neither in roseum nor Cooperi 
does Ballianum appear to enter. 

The plant first shown and certificated 
under the name Sandere is also very inter- 
esting. So far, but three or four plants are 
known to exist in cultivation. The plant first 
recorded developed a spike during the 
voyage home, and only by careful nursing 
was it kept alive and brought into flower. 
Since then it has been reduced to a variety of 
Parishu, a rare Cymbidium, which, so far as is 
known, is not now in cultivation. It has been 
considered both as a good species and a form 
of eburneum. The exact habitat of the 
original Parishi is not definitely known. It 
was said to have come from Burmah; possibly 
it did so from the Annam side, but more 
probably from the eburneum district. Future 


18 


130 AUS, 


importations, if such can be obtained, may 
throw more light on this confusing plant. 
Meantime, Sanderee may be regarded as the 
finest known Cymbidium in the eburneum 
section. 

C. insigne (Sander1) 1s now well known and 
appreciated. Here, again, we have a 
Cymbidium standing well away from any of 
the previously known forms. Its tall spike, 
narrow leafage, the shape of the lip and the 
rounded bulbs exhibit little affinity with the 
Burmese types, and if there be any connec- 
tion between the Annam Ballianum and 
Sanders, and the Burmese Ballianum and 
Parishi it seems surprising that such a well- 
marked and comparatively plentiful species is 
not also represented in Burmah. Apart from 
its specific value as a beautiful and decorative 
plant, its influence on our present and future 
hybrids is and will be of great importance. 

C. Schréder1 among the new species more 
closely resembles the Burmese types than any 
other. The “habit as” allied to that) vot 
Lowianum and giganteum. Though not as 
beautiful as Sanderi, insigne, roseum, etc., it 
will produce from 20 to 30 flowers on a spike, 
and its constitutional value as a parent may 
be seen in the hybrid glebelandense, of which 
some remarkably fine-spiked examples were 
shown about a year ago. Its colour, not 
unlike that of a pale giganteum, 1s against it, 
but in hybrids to come this feature may be 
modified to advantage. 

C. erythrostylum, like insigne, seems to be 
a monotypic species without any close allies, 
unless such be discovered later. It blooms 
earlier, or later, in the season than any other 
species, and is peculiar in its habit, shape of 
the lip and colouring, the glistening white of 
the sepals and petals being whiter than in any 
other. Its aloofness is carried still further as 
it does not seem nearly so amenable to culture 
as the other species. To the hybridist it 1s still 
something of a problem. From the other 
Cymbidiums at command it would seem 
impossible to enlarge the flowers and lengthen 
the spike, while retaining the purity of colour 
—its great charm. Perhaps the white variety 
of insigne may prove the means. 

With C. PAnsoniu confusion - still - exists. 
There is certainly a superficial resemblance 


ORCHID 


WORLD. | March, 1916. 


to the artificial hybrid Cravenianum, but the 
area of white at the base of the lip is usually 
well marked. In all probability it is a genuine 
species, of which a few plants were obtained 
in earlier importations from Burmah, possibly 
strays from Annam, or obtained from its 
borders, easily understandable as collectors 
seldom obtain plants with their own hands, 
but from a base. The natives are sent out in 
all directions and bring in plants from con- 
siderable distances; possibly they obtain 
these in turn from their friends. C. Wilsonu 
has, unfortunately, not been seen by the 
writer; possibly it belongs to this Annam 
group, or it may be the forerunner of a new 
eroup from Yunnan. 

In many other genera of’ Orchids, Odonto- 
glossums, Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, Cypripe- 
diums, etc., the existence of natural hybrids 
has been proved, and it is to be hoped that 
equal proof will be forthcoming among 
Cymbidiums. It is excusable, on finding one, 
or a few, apparently isolated plants to class 
them as natural hybrids, as, for instance, when 
Tracyanum was first flowered, giganteum and 
grandiflorum being mentioned as_ possible 
parents until the introduction in quantity 
refuted the theory. 

On the other hand, it is quite possible that 
some of our species may have originated as 
natural hybrids, which, possibly by reason of 
a greater attraction to insects than the 
parents, or by greater adaptability to changing 
or local environment, have gradually displaced 
the original species, and in course of time 
have acquired such specific characters as to 
still further separate them. 

Plants, too, which appear to resemble each 
other closely may in reality have but a family 
relationship. When growing close to each 
other and existing under similar conditions, 
and particularly if they flower at the same 
period, as several of these Annam Cym- 
bidiums do, they are more than likely to 
acquire similar leafage, flower-spikes, etc., as 
the conditions they are subjected to would be 
the same to all the species in the immediate 
neighbourhood, and the plants would naturally 
acquire those characters, probably very 
similar, which would enable them the better 
to adapt themselves. 


March, 1916. ] THE 


CYMBIDIUMS OF THE EASTERN 
HIMALAYAS. 


N an article contributed to The Garden, 
| Vol. XXXVIII., p. 13, Mr. Pantling, an 
eminent authority on Himalayan Orchids, 
describes how he saw Cymbidium aloifolium, 
C. pendulum, C. sinense and C. eburneum 
clinging to the trunks of trees, the roots 
growing in a huddled mass, as if they were 
struggling amongst themselves who should 
occupy the cooler and moister places away 
from the glare of the sun. The roots of 
pendulum and aloifolium never ramble from 
home for provender unless completely 
protected from sunlight. 

“Ascending higher on the mountain side,” 
states Mr. Pantling, “to an altitude of 6,000 
feet, one comes to the home of C. grandi- 
florum, giganteum, longifolium, Devonianum, 
and their near relations Cyperorchis elegans, 
cochleatum and Mastersu. Like the species 
at the bottoms of the valleys these frequently 
occupy pockets in trees. But the moist 
nature of the climate provides a different 
condition for their existence. The trees are 
invariably covered with a thick jacket of 
moss, intermixed with old leaves, into which 
the roots of the Cymbidiums ramble at 
pleasure, seldom clinging to the wood, and 
attaining considerable length under the genial 
protection of the moss. 

“The climatic conditions of these two 
localities are quite distinct. At the lower 
altitude the heat is tropical, though the 
temperature 1s somewhat modified by the high 
positions on the trees occupied by the plants. 
They get a much larger proportion of sunshine 
than the Cymbidiums at the higher altitude, 
the rainfall is lighter, about 80 inches for the 
year, and the general atmospheric condition 
is much drier. 

“In the cooler locality, at 6,000 feet, the 
Cymbidiums receive more protection from the 
sunlight. The forests are much denser, conse- 
quently the branches overhead are more 
thickly interlaced, which not only keeps out 
the rays of the sun, but prevents evaporation 
on the surface of the ground during the dry 
period of the year. From June till October 
a day’s sunshine is quite an exceptional 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 131 


occurrence. The rainy season has set in, and 
continues with very little intermission for five 
months. When rain is not falling, the moun- 
tains from 4,000 feet upwards are enveloped 
in heavy cloud, thus keeping vegetation in an 
almost saturated condition. Take off and 
squeeze a handful of moss at any time during 
this season, and the water will run from it as 
from a well-charged sponge. Yet this is the 
condition in which Cymbidiums, as well as 
many other Orchids, exist, or rather thrive for 
nearly half the year. 


Cymbidium insigne. 


132 THE ORCHID 


WORLD. [March, 1916. 


Cymbidium Lowianum. 


THE V-SHAPED BLOTCH OF 
CYMBIDIUM LOWIANUM. 


N the typical form of Cymbidium 
| Lowianum the sepals and petals are 
greenish-yellow, with reddish veins, 
while the lip is light buff-yellow, with a large 
V-shaped blotch of dark red-crimson on the 
front lobe. In the variety concolor this red- 
crimson blotch on the lip is entirely absent, 
leaving the apical area clear _ yellow. 
Hybridists have made considerable use of 
this concolor variety, but with varying results, 
in some seedlings the characteristic blotch 
is inherited, while in others it remains 
suppressed. 

Additional information on this matter, 
obtained from some recent results achieved 
in Mr. G. Hamilton-Smith’s collection, Leigh 
Woods, Bristol, is given by his grower, Mr. A. 
Coningsby, who writes:—‘“I am sending a 
flower of anew Cymbidium, which we propose 
calling C. Vega. The parentage is C. Low- 
grinum (Lowianum x tigrinum) x Lowianum 
concolor, so it 1s made up of three parts 
Lowianum and one of tigrinum. The lip has 
the bold V-shaped blotch, which is not present 
in either the variety of Lowgrinum we used, 
or the Lowianum concolor. 

“ Another plant flowering for the first time 
is C. Pauwelsii (Lowianum concolor x insigne), 
and I send a flower of it because it also has 
the V-shaped blotch on the lip, just as in C. 


Vega. These two hybrids seem to prove that 
when the concolor variety of C. Lowianum is 
hybridised with any flower having colour in 
the lip the resulting hybrids always possess 
the V-shaped blotch, and in precisely the same 
manner as if the typical form of Lowianum 
were used.” 


SALE OF THE MARLFIELD COLLECTION. 
—The entire collection of Orchids formed 
by the late Mr. Richd. le Doux, of Marlfield, 
West Derby, Liverpool, was sold by auction 
by Messrs. Protheroe and Morris on Wednes- 
day, February 16th, 1916. 

On the whole, it must be considered a 
satisfactory sale, as the plants offered were in 
many cases only very small duplicates. A 
total amount of about £1,000 was realised, 
the following being some of the best prices: 

Cattleya Countess of Derby, 8 gns.; C. 
Triane alba var. Snowflake, 6 gns.; C. labiata 
var. Richd. le Doux, 6 gns.; Odontoglossum 
Charlesworthu, 5 gns.; O. percultum, 8 gns. ; 
O. Richd. le Doux, 8 gns.; O. Mrs. Edith 
Carlisle, 23 gns.; O. Countess of Sefton, 
25 gns.; O. Lady Pirrie, 24 gns.; O. crispum 
xanthotes, 53 gns.; O. Princess of Piless, 
14 gns.; O. Mrs. Phoebe Fletcher, 23 gns. ; 
Brasso-Cattleya Dietrichiana, 23 gns. ; Cypri- 
pedium Moonbeam, one growth and a break, 
g egns.; C. Gaston Bulteel var. King 
Edward VII., 6 gns.; C. Royal George, 


three growths, 9 gns. 


WORLD. 


ORCHID 


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March, 1916. } 


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THE 


ORCHID WORLD. 


Arachnanthe Lowii. 


{March, 1916. 


March, 1916. } 


THE 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 


Angrecum citratum. 


136 THE ORCHID 


MODERN CYPRIPEDIUMS. 
A DEFENCE 


FTER perusing Mr, Alf. J. Paine’s 
Ss article in the February issue of the 
ORCHID WORLD, one comes to the 
conclusion that our worthy friend is a little 
down on the modern Cypripedium, so let us 
endeavour to lift him up a bit. 

First of all, we must be careful not to lose 
sight of the peculiar structure of a Cypri- 
pedium flower, quite unlike anything else in 
the natural order Orchidacee; therefore, to 
set up a standard, which, in effect, means that 
the flower should be of a perfectly symme- 
trical form, would, to my mind, quite ‘obliterate 
the natural form and beauty peculiar to this 
genus. Imagine a Cypripedium with a 
roundish flower. To reduce the dorsal sepal 
to the dimensions of the petals would indeed 
transform the whole character of the flower, 
certainly not to enhance its beauty and 
contour. 

Take the species generally (not the hybrids), 
and I think we find in most instances that the 
dorsal forms the most conspicuous part of the 
flower, possesses the most colour, and 1s, 
generally speaking, the largest segment, 
Nature’s way, no doubt, to attract the insects 
necessary to perpetuate the species. 

It is in the natural mind of mankind to 
desire everything large, sometimes, I admit, 
to our detriment ; one does not despise large 
fruits or vegetables, large Chrysanthemums, 
Roses or whatever the fancy ; why not Cypri- 
pediums with large dorsals? We get more 
to look at and admire without any loss of 
beauty. Is not the large dorsal prevailing due 
in a measure to excellent cultivation? Whereas 
another grower would obtain a flower of much 
smaller dimensions from plants of the same 
species. One never hears that a flower from a 
Cattleya, Lalio-Cattleya, Odontoglossum or 
Odontioda is too large or oversteps the limit. 

No, Mr. Paine, I must respectfully object 
that the modern Cypripedium is “ positively 
ugly.” Let alone the flower as we see it with 
the naked eye, take an ordinary reading-glass 
and examine one of these “ugly ” flowers, and 
I think you will see cause for wonderment 


WORLD. [March, 1916. 


and that our sense of vision is not equal to 
take in all that is there. 

Now as to colour. As is well known a great 
point lacking is 672//zancy of coloration, but 
even on this point we stand far better than 
we did. No doubt we have some distance to 
travel yet before attaining the desired end; 
notwithstanding lack of colour in the species 
our hybridists have not done so badly, witness 
the varieties our friend has mentioned and 
which appeal to him. 

You see, to start with, Cypripediums were 
not possessed with the brilliancy of a Cattleya, 


‘or of any of its relatives now immerged in the 


process of hybridisation, and which showed 
the results in the first generation following. 
Our hybridists by careful selection, no doubt, 
succeed in placing more colour in the flowers 
of Cypripediums as time goes on. 

Regarding Mr. Paine’s remarks about the 
flabbiness of a certain variety, Elatior Rex, is 
it not possible to have this condition through 
other channels? One does not doubt in the 
least Mr. Paine’s ability and success as a 
cultivator of Orchids, as witness his superb 
results obtained with Oncidium varicosum 
Rogers. Probably there may be some slight 
error in treatment: for instance, excessive or 
too low a temperature (I have suffered from 
the latter point), or lack of moisture at the 
roots; any of these conditions, I think, are 
apt to cause the flabbiness complained of, 
especially among the “ whites ” and “ yellows.” 
Surely we can overlook any weakness in this 
direction when viewing the flower as a whole. 
After all, the lasting qualities of most Cypri- 
pediums do not to my mind convey anything 
in the nature of a flabby texture. Perhaps | 
have said too much already, but I feel I must 
assist in having a pull in dragging the poor 
Cypripedium out of the “slough of despond ” 
into which it seems to have sunk the last few 
years. 

I cannot understand why Cypripediums 
should be under the cloud of being dull and 
uninteresting, as we hear some say. The very 
fact of their flowering at a season prover- 
bially dull should alone secure them a place of 
full esteem and appreciation. In order to 
assure myself as to what range of colour 
exists at this the approaching end of the full 


March, 1916. | 


season I have taken a hurried look round at 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown’s establish- 
ment to see what I could find in this direction. 
Among a really good display I noted, for 
richness of colour, Swallowtail (Fairrieanum 
x Bassano), with dorsal rich claret relieved by 
just enough cream to give distinction, a 
flower combining the attributes of both 
parents. There now exists a goodly number 
of Fairrieanum crosses, characterised by rich 
colouring throughout the whole flower, form- 
ing a section of great interest; C. Minos, 
getting on in years, but still one of the best 
for colour and good qualities; C. Helen II. 
var. Fascinator, with beautifully spotted 
dorsal and petals rosy-mauve, a fine thing ; 
C. Mary Beatrice, dark claret-purple ; C. The 
Premier, with bright green dorsal, amply 
spotted black, with sufficient white edge to 
justify the position he holds; C. Mrs. Mostyn, 
too well-known to need describing. of fine 
colour; C. Amy Moore x Mrs. Wm _ Mostyn, 
the combined beauties of both giving a white 
dorsal richly spotted blackish-purple;  C. 
Connie (Fairrieanum x glaucophyllum) is full 
of colour; C. Duke of Connaught, apple- 
green with black spots, very choice. 

A fine lot of Maudie and Holden were 
also in evidence. By the way, what does Mr. 
Paine say to the form of these gems, two of 
the best in cultivation, out of all proportion 
when one considers the dorsal in comparison 
with the narrow petals? So one could go on, 
ad libitum, and this at a time when many 
have passed out of flower. Are not these 
remarks sufficient evidence to show that Old 
and New Cypripediums are not devoid of that 
charm which is all their own, and makes them 
worthy of a front position in our hearts.— 
H. A. Farmer, Tunbridge Wells. 


CORRECTION.—A misprint occurs in the 
last paragraph of the article “ Modern Cypri- 
pediums,” page 102. The word Maurice should 
read Maudie. 


¥y Ky ¥y 


CHELSEA SHOW, 1916.—This important 
event will be held in the Royal Hospital 
Gardens, Chelsea, May 23rd, 24th and 25th. 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 137 


SOME ESSENTIAL POINTS OF 
ORCHID CULTIVATION.* 


expert cultivator of Orchids it is 

necessary to obtain as complete a 
knowledge as possible of the conditions under 
which these plants exist in their native homes; 
and even if an amateur desires merely to grow 
Orchids with only moderate success it is of 
considerable importance that the essential 
points of cultivation be clearly understood. 
Too often does one see a greenhouse devoted 
to Orchids belonging to several distinct 
classes, each accustomed to a wide difference 
in the atmospheric conditions, yet the owner 
fully expects them all to thrive with the same 
success as his bed of roses or herbaceous 
border. Considering the fact that Orchids are 
found in practically all parts of the world 
where vegetation exists, they are subject to 
an extremely wide range of temperature and 
moisture ; some species will withstand a few 
degrees of frost, while others require a con- 
stant tropical heat ; not a few are quite happy 
in a parched desert air, while some fail to 
grow unless the atmosphere is at almost 
saturation point. How, then, is it possible for 
one glass structure to successfully accommo- 
date a collection of plants having such varied 
requirements. 

The eagerness with which an amateur 
attempts to make his collection as representa- 
tive of the family as possible is in truth the 
real reason why he so often fails in the matter 
of cultivation. By far the surest and quickest 
way to success is to decide what kind of 
atmosphere can be most easily maintained, 
and then select plants that are accustomed to 
these conditions. Of course, in extensive 
collections one may find quite a range of 
houses, where in each of which a definite 
temperature and state of moisture is main- 
tained ; it is then possible to cultivate a very 
varied collection, for there is every facility for 
procuring conditions corresponding to those 
in which the plants have existed for countless 
years. 


DB exe anyone can achieve fame as an 


* Brief report of a Lecture given by Mr. Gurney 
Wilson at the Royal Horticultural Society, February 
2and, 1916, 


138 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


The first essential point is the fact that 
although Orchids in their native homes are 
found growing in a variety of situations, they 
may be separated into two important 
divisions. The first, called Terrestrial (¢erra, 
the earth), includes those found growing in 
the soil, just like ordinary garden plants; the 
second, termed Epiphytal (ez, upon, and 
phyton, a plant), embraces a larger number 
which secure themselves to the trunks of 
trees, or other suitable places, at varying 
heights from the ground. It will here be 
advisable to state that the various remarks in 
this lecture apply more expressly to the 
Orchids usually seen under cultivation, and 
not so much to the less conspicuous ones 
commonly known as “ Botanical specimens,” 
many of which require special treatment quite 
outside the sphere of an ordinary garden 
collection. 


TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS. 


Of all the Terrestrial Orchids there is little 
doubt that Cypripediums are the most 
popular. In many gardens they form the 
only representatives of the family, and 
although their cultivation requires a minimum 
of skill and attention, they cannot be entirely 
omitted from our consideration. Cypripediums 
in their native home enjoy a remarkable 
uniformity of temperature, an almost con- 
tinually moist condition of the soil and a high 
degree of atmospheric humidity throughout 
the year; under these conditions they 
continue to grow, practically without inter- 
ruption. With such surroundings as these, 
ever in the most favourable condition for the 
existence of the plant, there is. no need 
whatever for the pseudo-bulbs so necessary 
in the case of Orchids requiring reserve 
material to carry them through periods of 
drought. 

Briefly, the essential points of cultivation 
are a fibrous, loamy compost, continual 
moisture at the roots as well as in the 
atmosphere, and judicious shading whenever 
bright sunshine is likely to scorch the foliage. 
Although the best results are obtained with a 
minimum night temperature of 55—6o. degs. 
Fahr., there are many elegant hybrids, chiefly 
of C. insigne, that will withstand without 


[March, 1916. 


harm a temperature of 45 degs. Fahr. Even 
with the Cypripediums requiring considerable 
warmth but little harm will accrue if on cold 
winterly nights the thermometer drops to 
45 degs. Fahr., provided that the amount of 
moisture is considerably reduced. 

Nothing is so detrimental to these plants 
as a dry compost, a sunny situation, or an 
airy and dry atmosphere. Speaking generally, 
Cypripediums succeed well in warm houses 
where ferns and other shade-loving plants are 
cultivated with success. An examination of 
the roots of a Cypripedium will show that they 
are abundantly supplied with root-hairs for 
the purpose of more readily collecting the 
nutritive material from the surrounding soil. 


EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS. 


Having somewhat briefly dwelt upon the 
nature of the Terrestrial section, we will pass 
on to the Epiphytic Orchids, which embrace 
by far the largest number of plants seen in 
collections, while their extreme beauty renders 
them of first-class importance. To many 
admirers of these wonderful flowers, the term 
epiphytic does not signify much more than a 
condition of “living on the air,” from the fact 
that many illustrations of the past depicted 
these plants clinging to the trunks or branches 
of trees, hence the expression “ air plants.” 

In order to understand clearly the nature of 
an Epiphytic Orchid it will assist matters 
considerably if we examine three distinct 
methods by which plants “live upon others,” 
or, in other words, obtain their requisite 
nutriment. 

(1) Parasites. These plants, of which the 
Mistletoe is a well-known example, obtain the 
greater part, if not all, of their nutritive 
requirements from the plant upon which they 
dwell; they, in fact, steal their food from the 
supply existing zz the living organism upon 
which they are situated. 

(2) Saprophytes. Not a few plants nourish 
themselves by living upon decaying remains 
of animals and plants and other organic 
substances. 

(3) Epiphytes. These plants, although 
often found growing on other plants, neither 
steal their nourishment from the living nor 
the dead. They have an independent exist- 


March, 1916. | 


ence, and it matters but little whether they 
are situated on trees or rocks, or cultivated in 
baskets or pots. With but a few rare 
exceptions Orchids are true epiphytes. 

How then do epiphytic Orchids obtain their 
requisite nutriment? Soon after the com- 
mencement of the new growth the root system 
becomes active in order to procure the nutri- 
ment necessary for sustaining the plant in a 
vigorous condition. If the roots fail to find 
the requisite food the plant will soon exhaust 
itself, and the bulbs assume a_ shrivelled 
appearance. An examination of the roots of 
epiphytic Orchids will show that in_ the 
majority of cases they are covered with a 
sponge-like material, known as the velamen, 
which has the power of absorbing atmospheric 
moisture, as well as liquid nutriment, and by 
this means supplying the bulbous stems of the 
plant with food and water. Where long 
periods of drought are experienced Nature 
has provided the plants with correspondingly 
larger bulbs, so that a greater amount of food 
material may be preserved. 

It has already been pointed out that 
epiphytic Orchids exist chiefly on the trunks 
and branches of trees and on other exposed 
positions. The small amount of nutriment 
existing in these places would very soon be 
utilised by the plant, were it not for the 
further supplies continually being washed 
down from adjoining positions by every 
shower of rain. These additional supplies are 
obtained from partly decomposed vegetable 
fibre, leaves and moss which have accumu- 
lated in hollow places on the trunks and 
branches of trees, or in crevices of the rock- 
like soil. Thus we can see how it was that 
cultivators of bygone days who fastened their 
Orchids to blocks of wood rarely reaped 
success for more than a single season; the 
plant quickly absorbed the small quantity of 
food material on the dead block, and, having 
used up all its reserve, died for want of 
further supplies. 

Many cultivators may here say with truth 
that the system of securing Orchids to blocks 
of wood has long since been discarded. But 
is the present method employed by many 
amateurs much better? Instead of a block of 
wood they use a basket, pot or pan filled with 


THE ORCHID, . WORLD. 139 


fibrous material, which may answer very well 
for one season, but the nutriment is then, if 
not before, practically exhausted, yet the 
cultivator rarely thinks of replenishing the 
supply of food, which, in the plant’s natural 
home, would be brought to it by every shower 
of rain or by the roots continually extending 
themselves to pastures new. The fibrous 
material usually remains firm long after its 
nutritive properties are exhausted, but it is 
then as useless to the plant as the dead block 
of wood. Although we may fix our Orchids 
to blocks of wood, or secure them in baskets, 
pots and pans by means of suitable fibrous 
material, all these means soon become mere 
mechanical devices for keeping the plants in 
any desired position. The essential point 
always to be borne in mind is never to let the 
plant suffer through an insufficient supply of 
food material. 


THE SUPPLY OF NUTRIMENT. 


In supplying nutriment to the plant care 
must be taken that it is not carried to excess. 
Some cultivators use far too large a pot with 
an unnecessary amount of compost, fully 
believing by so doing that the plant will 
benefit accordingly. Anyone who has had 
experience in the feeding of animals knows 
how injurious is an over-abundant supply of 
food, and with plants there is little difference. 
Too large a supply of compost turns sour long 
before its constituent nutriment is required by 
the plant, and thus it becomes a source of 
danger by preventing the extension of the 
roots, and even causing rapid decay. Con- 
sidering the many sizes of pots and pans used 
in a collection it is almost impossible to lay 
down any decisive rules, but a little practical 
experience will soon show when the plant is 
in need of food, and then the cultivator must 
decide whether something in the way of 
top-dressing or inserting fresh compost in 
needful places may be effected. This may be 
required every two or three months in the 
case of small plants, and less frequently with 
large ones. Speaking generally, all Orchids 
require a thorough re-potting once every 
yea) Nhereis an old saying, “It sis the 
master’s eye that fattens the cattle,” and this 


140 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


may be applied with equal truth to Orchid 
culture, for it is the practised eye of the 
cultivator that decides just when a_ plant 
requires a fresh supply of food. 

Almost all Orchids are shade-loving plants. 
Their habit of dwelling on trees or on the 
ground below is a guide to the way we should 
treat them when under artificial conditions. 
During the summer season, when growth is 
being vigorcusly made, the foliage of the 
forest protects them from the burning rays of 
the sun, while the fall of the leaf in autumn 
allows the diminished power of the sun to 
ripen up the bulbs and prepare them for their 
winter rest. Thus it will be seen how much 
depends on the correct application of artificial 
shading. It must always be in accordance 
with the requirements of the plants beneath. 
Where the cultivation of Orchids from various 
climates is attempted in one small house 
considerable difficulties and disappointments 
are sure to arise, hence one cannot too strongly 
urge the commencing amateur to decide upon 
the maintenance of some definite climate and 
then to select plants suitable to it; by this 
means will success be best achieved. Odonto- 
glossums are well-known examples requiring 
a cool, moist and shady atmosphere ; 
Cattleyas may be selected for a warmer and 
lighter house; Mexican Lelias require 
considerable light, as well as ventilation, only 
a slight shade during the middle part of the 
summer days being necessary ; and there are 
a few genera which can only be cultivated 
successfully in high temperatures with an 
abundance of atmospheric moisture. 

Notwithstanding this wide diversity of 
essential conditions, the majority of Orchids, 
when placed in a suitable atmosphere, are far 
easier to grow than many other plants; in 
fact, a little practical assistance obtained 
through a kind friend will enable any amateur 
to achieve the most unexpected pleasure and 
success, and his greenhouses will ever after- 
wards be the envy of his neighbours and a 
never failing interest to one and all concerned. 


OLD BULBS. 


An essential point in the cultivation of old 
plants is that too many bulbs may sometimes 


[March, 1916. 


act as a hindrance to the development of the 
new bulb. By carefully shaking a plant out 
of the compost it will generally be noticed 
that the live roots are attached to the newer 
portion of the rhizome; therefore, the older 
portion of the plant, usually without any roots 
whatever, must of necessity be sustained at 
the expense of the new bulb. This can easily 
be proved by selecting a suitable plant and 
running a knife through the rhizome at a point 
about three or four bulbs back from the 
newest growth; all the bulbs further back 
from this cutting will soon commence to 
shrivel, thus proving that they formerly 
derived their food supply through this source. 
By carrying out this treatment all the energy 
of the root system is directed to the newest 
portion, and improved results are readily 
obtained. Although these remarks refer prin- 
cipally to imported Cattleyas and similar 
kinds, they will be found equally applicable 
to garden-raised hybrids that have been in 
cultivation for at least five years. These back 
portions, instead of being a likely hindrance 
to the development of the plant, may be 
turned to profitable account if preserved until 
they commence active growth on their own 
account, which in the majority of cases they 
will do, when they may be placed in separate 
pots. 

While the majority of the warmth-loving 
Epiphytic Orchids make their growth or form 
the new bulb during the summer months, 
many of the cool-growing section, such as 
Odontoglossums, commence activity in the 
autumn months and continue through the 
winter. But in practically all cases this period 
of activity is followed by one of rest, during 
which the amount of heat and water should 
be lessened. In this matter many untrained 
amateurs frequently bring about trouble by 
being too severe, and unnecessarily lowering 
the vitality of the plant. The main point to 
remember is that the plant, when at rest, 
requires just sufficient water to prevent it from 
visibly shrivelling, and, at the same time, a 
slightly lower temperature. 

Rain-water is by far the best to use, and it 
should be stored inside the house so that it 
may be kept about the same temperature. 
Manure in whatever form should be avoided ; 


March, 1916. ] 


only in the most experienced hands does it 
yield beneficial results, and then in the case 
of large specimen terrestrial plants, such as 
pot-bound Cypripediums and Cymbidiums. 

In their native homes, the roots of Epiphytic 
Orchids are more or less exposed to the 
atmosphere, and any material they enter is 
usually of a porous nature. These conditions 
must be followed as closely as circumstances 
permit, and amateurs cannot exercise too 
much care in the selection of a suitable 
compost. Clean fibre, either osmunda, At, 
or first-class peat, kept moist by the addition 
of a small quantity of living sphagnum moss, 
forms the best material. A few clean oak 
leaves, roughly chopped up or rubbed through 
a riddle, may with advantage be added to the 
compost intended for small pots, but with large 
plants, requiring repotting less frequently, the 
leaves are best omitted, as they are likely to 
cause a sodden condition by holding too much 
water. The smaller the pot and amount of 
compost so much the quicker does it become 
dry, hence it is advisable to include a larger 
proportion of sphagnum moss, especially near 
the surface; medium sized pots answer well 
when the moss is placed only in the upper 
portion of the compost; while many of the 
plants in the largest pots thrive well in only 
fibrous material. But in this matter nothing 
decisive can we stated, so much depends on 
the amount of atmospheric moisture, the 
structure of the house, and the actual means 
adopted by the individual who has charge of 
the collection. 


Lelia albida. 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 141 


FCYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 


February 8th, 1910. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Gn the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), F. J. Hanbury, 
R. G. Thwaites, Pantia Ralli, E. R. Ashton, 
A. McBean, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. 
Gyoner Wel Etateher, J. E. Shill, €: H. 
Gumic, hoe ae tole, A. Dye, W. He White, 
Clive Cookson, W. Bolton, R. Brooman-White, 
S. W. Flory and Gurney Wilson. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lelio-Cattleya Buenos Aires (L.-C. bletch- 
leyensis x C. Enid), from Dr. Miguel Lacroze, 
Bryndir, Roehampton Lane-—-An elegant 
hybrid with a spike of two large richly- 
coloured flowers, the sepals and petals rosy- 
mauve, the broad labellum purple and veined 
with dark purple. 

Cymbidium Alexanderi aureum (ansigne x 
eburneo-Lowianum), from Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean, Cooksbridge—A very attractive 
plant with an erect spike of 10 large flowers, 
in colour canary-yellow, the front lobe of the 
lip marked with crimson, the inner portion of 
the side lobes flushed with light rose. 

Odontoglossum amabile McBean’s variety. 
One of the largest forms of this well-known 
hybrid. The spike carried 4 flowers, with rose 
tinted ground, and heavily blotched with 
reddish-brown; the lip white, with a crimson 
blotch beneath the crest and a few smaller 
ones at the base. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION. 


Mr. S. Farnes (Orchid grower to Pantia 
Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey) for a grand 
specimen of Lycaste Balliz, with 26 flowers 


and buds. 
OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Elizabeth Lady Lawrence, Burford, Dork- 
ing, exhibited a fine spike of Eulophiella 
Peetersiana, with 25 rosy-mauve flowers and 
several buds. 


142 THE , ORCHID _ WORLD. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for a group of select specimens, including 
Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonu; Cattleya Enid, 
with white sepals and petals; Odontioda 
Cooksonia, with several many-flowered 
spikes; Odontoglossum Thwaitesia, of rich 
rose-purple colour ; and a fine selection of O. 
eximium xanthotes and _ purple-blotched 
varieties of the same. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, obtained a Silver Flora Medal for an 
interesting group, containing Cattleya Clotho 
var. Miss Louisa Fowler (Triane x Enid), of 
rose-lilac colour ; C. Trianee Broomhill variety, 
a large white flower; the bright yellow L.-C. 
Gwennie ; Cymbidium Castor, a large cream- 
white flower; and some excellent plants of 
Masdevallia. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
received a Silver Flora Medal for an attrac- 
tive exhibit of Cymbidiums, the best being C. 
Alexanderi aureum and C. Alexanderi roseum. 
Lelio-Cattleya Beatrice, a fine addition to 
this section; Odontoglossum Watsonianum ; 
the richly-coloured Odontioda Latona; and 
the pretty S-L.-C. Marathon were note- 
worthy. Excellent varieties of Odonto- 
glossum crispum were placed in good positions. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
secured a Silver Flora Medal for an inter- 
esting group, the meritorious plants including 
a fine specimen Cattleya Trianze, Cymbidium 
Holfordianum and C. roseum, Brasso-Cattleya 
Oberon, the bright rosy-mauve Lelia 
Gouldiana and Odontioda Wilsonu. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
were awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a fine 
exhibit of choice Cypripediums, Miltonia St. 
André, Calanthe bella, Cymbidium Butterfly 
and C. Gottianum, as well as the handsome 
Angraecum eburneum. In the centre of the 
group was a specimen plant of A®rides 
Vandarum, with 9 spikes of flowers. It had 
been grown along with Vanda teres. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
group in which were several fine varieties of 
Cattleya Percivaliana, the  richly-coloured 
Lelio-Cattleya Pizzaro, Cattleya Octave 
Doin, several good forms of Lelia anceps, 


[March, 1916. 


the pretty Saccolabium bellinum and various 
Masdevallias. 

Messrs. Hassall -and Co. Southgate, 
obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for a selec- 
tion of Odontiodas, a fine variety of Odonto- 
glossum percultum, Brasso-Cattleya Nestor 
and Cattleya Triane alba. 

Mr. Harry Dixon, Spencer Park Nursery, 
Wandsworth Common, received a_ Silver 
Banksian Medal for a neat group of 
Cymbidiums, good vyarieties of Lycaste 
Skinner1, Sophro-Cattleya Atreus and various 
Cypripediums. 

Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, staged several 
choice varieties of Lycaste Skinneri, Odonto- 
glossum crispum and Cypripedium Thalia. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, exhibited 
Odontoglossum mayjesticum, a handsome 
flower; O,eximillus, richly coloured; Cypri- 
pedium Pliny; and a very fine variety of 
B.-C, Digbyano-Mendeli bearing the name 
Empress of Russia. 


February 22nd, 1910. 


MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch Gn the chair), Sir Jere- 
miah Colman, Bart., Messrs. Jas. O’Brien 
(hon. sec.), Stuart Low, R. G. Thwaites, 
Pantia Ralli, F. Menteith Ogilvie, E. R. 
Ashton, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, Gurney 
Wilson, J. W.. Potter, J. Cypher, J- Ee Shull} 
H. G. Alexander, W. Bolton, R. Brooman- 
White, C. J. Lucas, R: A: Rolie; iam 
strong, C. Cookson, F. J. Hanbury and 
Dye; 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lelio-Cattleya Erzerum (Mrs. Temple x 
Triane), from Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 
——A majestic flower, with broad segments of 
rose-purple colour, the wide lip purple- 
crimson. 

Odontioda Dora (Oda. Vuylstekez x Odm. 
Jasper), from Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. 
—A remarkable result, in which the ground 
colour of the flower is deep rose-violet, the 
segments boldly marked with claret-red 
blotches, the petals having a sheeny nature. 


March, 1916. } 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for a group of choice hybrids, including 
Cattleya Enid, with white sepals and petals ; 
C. Tityus, with broad petals; good varieties 
of C. Triane; Lezlio-Cattleya bella alba; 
Odontoglossum Thwaitesu, of deep rose 
colour; O. crispum xanthotes and various 
Odontiodas. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
obtained a Silver Flora Medal for a note- 
worthy exhibit of Cymbidium hybrids, the 
best being Doris, Alexanderi and Wigan- 
ianum. Other plants of interest were the 
handsome Oncidium McBeanianum, Oncid- 
ioda Cooksonie, good forms of Cattleya 
Triane, brightly coloured Odontiodas and 
the new Lelio-Cattleya Jessamine (L.-C. 
Oriens x C. chocoensis alba), with canary- 
yellow flowers. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
obtained a Silver Flora Medal for a well- 
arranged group, in which were good examples 
of Cymbidium Butterfly, finely flowered 
plants of Dendrobium nobile, D. melpomene, 
and D. Ainsworthu, the pretty Angraecum 
citratum, and a varied selection of the best 
Cypripediums. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal 
for an exhibit containing several plants of the 
choice Cypripedium Holdenu, the attractive 
Dendrobium nobile virginale, Miltonias of the 
vexillaria section, the scarce Lelia harpo- 
phylla, with orange-red flowers, Cypripedium 
Rothschildianum, and the handsome Brasso- 
Cattleya Cliftonu albens. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, 
Sussex, received a Silver Banksian Medal 
for a group containing well-flowered plants 
of Dendrobium Jamesianum, the elegant 
Brasso-Cattleya Marie, Cattleya Trianz, the 
pretty Phalznopsis Schilleriana, and a selec- 
tion of Cymbidiums and good varieties of 
Lelia anceps. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
received a Bronze Banksian Medal for an 
exhibit of Cymbidiums, including Alexanderi 
and roseum, the choice Cattleya Triane 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 143 


Princess Mary, Phalaenopsis Stuartiana, and 
the scarce Oncidium barbatum.  B.-L.-C. 
Everest with a spike of 3 flowers was also 
shown. 

Baron Bruno Schroder, Englefield Green, 
exhibited a grand spike of Cymbidium 
Pauwelsi with 24 well-developed flowers. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
Surrey, exhibited a selection of interesting 
species, including Eria globifera, the attrac- 
tive Cirrhopetalum picturatum, Trias _picta, 
Sarcochilus Fitzgeraldi, S. Hartmannu, as 
well as quaint Masdevallias. 

F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, 
Oxford, exhibited two plants of Lycaste 
Skinneri alba magnifica, the finest variety of 
this popular species. Also L. Skinneri 
armeniaca, with the lip of light apricot-yellow 
colour. 

W. Waters Butler, Esq. Southfields, 
Edgbaston, staged Odontoglossum crispum 
Anzac, a well-cultivated plant with a spike of 
19 excellent white flowers. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, exhibited 
good varieties of Cymbidium Gottianum, C. 
Alexanderi, the elegant Cypripedium Chris- 
topher, C. Miss Louisa Fowler, Cattleya 
Blacku, choice Brasso-Cattleyas and Odonto- 
glossum Clotilde (eximium x Clytie), a grace- 
ful hybrid with crimson-tinted flowers. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, staged 
Cattleya Triane Sunrise, a pretty, lightly- 
tinted flower ; C. Mendel albescens; Brasso- 
Cattleya Menda, with a broad and dark lip; 
and the singular Sophro-Cattleya Cleopatra. 

Mr. C. F. Waters, Deanlands Nurseries, 
Balcombe, Sussex, staged Lycaste macro- 
phylla and L. Skinneri, a fine variety with 
numerous flowers. 


Saccolabium violaceum. 


144 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


January 20th, 1916. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Cypher, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, 
A. Hanmer, A. J. Keeling, D. Mcleod, W. 
Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, G. Weatherby 
and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; and Messrs. 
Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham. Large Silver 
Medals to Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le- 
Moors; S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range; 
and Thos. Worsley, Esq., Haslingden. A 
Silver Medal to F. A. Hindley, Esq., Brad- 
ford; and a Bronze Medal to Messrs. A. J. 
Keeling and Sons, Bradford. 

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury, exhibited choice 
Cypripediums ; F. Houghton, Esq., Appleton, 
staged Zygopetalum Mackayi “ Houghton’s 
var.”; J. J. Bolton, Esq., Pendleton, exhibited 
Odontoglossum crispum “J. J. Bolton” 
(Empress of India x Rossendale); and Mrs. 
Gratrix showed Cypripedium Rossetti var. 
Mrs. S. Gratrix. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Cattleya Triane “General Townsend,” a 
large flower of good form and colour, the 
finest yet seen in the north of England. From 
S. Gratrix, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium Venus var. Cupid; Cyp. 
Queen of the Belgians “Carter Place var.” ; 
Cyp. Mrs. F. Godman; Cyp. Alliance (Alcides 
x Leeanum); and Cyp. Hera var. Victoria, 
all from T. Worsley, Esq. 

Cypripedium Illustre var. Alexis, and Cyp. 
Lord Wolmer var. St. Mary, both from Rev. 
]. Crombleholme. 

Cypripedium Conquest “ Woodside var.,” 
from F. Houghton, Esq. 


AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 


Lzlio-Cattleya Mygdon “ Ashworth’s var.,” 
from R. Ashworth, Esq. 


{March, 1916. 


February 3rd, 1916. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: R. 
Ashworth, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. J. Cypher, 
J. Evans, P. Foster, Av Ro Handley, A. 
Hanmer, A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, 
W. Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, and H. 
Arthur (Secretary). 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch. Large Silver 
Medals to A. Hanmer, Esq., Chester; Col. 
Sir J. Rutherford, Bart., M.P., Blackburn; T. 
Worsley, Esq. Haslingden; and Messrs. 
Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham. A _ Silver 
Medal was granted to Messrs. Sander and 
Sons, St. Albans; and a Bronze Medal to 
Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum crispum var. Gloria, a fine 
flower of good shape and heavily blotched, 
from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontioda Royal Gem var. The Knowle, a 
round flower of deep purple shade with 
lighter margin, from J. Hartley, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium chrysotoxum var. Carter 
Place, C. Desdemona “Worsley’s var.,” C. 
Caruso, C. The Pearl, and C. O. C. Evans, all 
from T. Worsley, Esq. 

Odontioda Rubro Primus (Oda. Goodsone 
x Oda. Hippolyta), O. Schréderiana_ var. 
ignea; and Odontoglossum Wilckeanum var. 
Emperor, all from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Ruby King, C. Marphil, and 
Odontoglossum crispum var. Northern Glory, 
all from P. Smith, Esq. 

Cattleya Octave Doin var. West Point, from 
S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Odontoglossum amabile var. The Knowle, 
from J. Hartley, Esq. 

Odontioda Zenobia Houghtoniu, from F. 
Houghton, Esq. 


FIRST-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATES. 


Mr. J. Lupton (gr. to Col. Sir J. Rutherford, 
Bart.) for Cypripedium insigne Sandere. 

Mr. B. Wilson (gr. to A. Hanmer, Esq.) for 
Cypripedium. Thompsonianum. 


on 


ApriL-May, 1916. 


NO PES. 


EPIDENDRUM SECUNDUM AND E. ELON- 
GATUM.—The history of these two species, 
upon which there has been a good deal of 
confusion, 1s given in the Kew Budletin, 1916, 
page 48. E. secundum is a West Indian plant, 
which was briefly described as long ago as 
1700, while E. elongatum was described in 
1789, being based on material collected at 
Caracas. 


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THE ESSENTIAL POINTS OF ORCHID 
CULTIVATION.—Concerning the introductory 
remarks on this subject (page 137), it has 
always struck me as strange that so little 
attention appears to have been paid to the 
ecology of Orchids, not only by amateur 
growers, but by more or less scientific writers. 
What information can you get from any one 
of the various hand-books on Orchids as to 
the conditions under which these plants occur 
in their native habitat? In the great majority 
of cases none whatever—/. L. Hermessen, 


Fh. GS, 


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TWIN FLOWERS—One of the best 
examples of twin-flowering in plants which do 
not usually throw more than single blooms 
occurred in Cypripedium Germaine Opoix, 
which carried four spikes and nine flowers, 
one being a triplet. Each flower was perfect 
and stood clear of the others. Amongst other 
instances I may mention C. Boltonii, with 
three flowers on one spike and two on 
another, both spikes being on the same plant. 
Also. Reginald Young, Priam,  insigne 
Harefield Hall, Queen Alexandra, Royal 
George, Thalia, Mrs. F. Wellesley, and others 


VOL. VI. 


magnificent show of L. anceps, 


which I made notes of during the past season. 
We have once flowered Lycaste Skinneri alba 
with twin flowers.—W. /. Morgan, Rann Lea 
Rainhill, Lancs. 


Gardens, 


TWIN FLOWERS.—Respecting the note on 
twin flowers on Cymbidium eburneum (page 
123), I should like to mention that we once 
had a specimen plant of this species with 18 
spikes, the majority of which had 2 flowers, 
while 2 spikes each carried 3 flowers, which 
is, | think, very unusual. The plant was sold 
to an amateur in Birmingham, and was, I 
believe, exhibited at the Town Hall Show.— 
John Cypher, Cheltenham. 


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LALIA ANCEPS SANDERIANA.—Apart from 
being a most useful winter-flowering plant, 
this variety of L. anceps is noted for its 

constitution free-flowering 
Probably no finer display has ever 
been seen than that which occurred in the 
Duke of Marlborough’s noted collection at 
Blenheim Palace, proof of which we have in 
several photographs sent by his able grower, 
Mr. F. S. Cooke. One of these depicts the 
interior of one of the spacious houses, with a 


vigorous and 


nature. 


altogether 
some 200 spikes, with an average of 4 flowers 
on each, were produced in the month of 
January last. Some idea of the individual 
beauty of these may be gained 
from the fact that one had 17 spikes and 73 
flowers; another 14 spikes and 65 flowers; 
while a third had 14 spikes and 58 flowers. 
These are results that should encourage 
everyone, they prove what 
cultivation will achieve. 


specimens 


as correct 


19 


140 THE ORCHID” WORED: 


[April-May, 1916. 


Oncidium Forbesii. 


ONcIDIUM Forsest.—This handsome 
species was discovered by Gardner on the 
Organ Mountains in 1837, and sent by him 
to the collection of the Duke of Bedford at 
Woburn, where it flowered in October of 
the following year, and after whose gardener, 
Mr. Forbes, it was named by Sir Wm. 
Hooker. The sepals and petals are rich 
chestnut-brown, broadly margined with 
broken golden-yellow lines, as also is the 
labellum. It is sometimes known as the 
“oold-laced Oncidium.” The cool house 
proves most suitable for its cultivation 
although it cannot be considered an easy 


plant to manage. 


LA@:LIO-CATTLEYA DOMINIANA. — An 
elegant variety of this hybrid between C. 
aurea and L. purpurata comes from Mr. H. F. 
Goodson’s collection, Fairlawn, Putney (gr. 
Mr. Geo. E. Day). The sepals and petals are 
flushed and veined with rose, while the broad 
labellum is rich glowing crimson with the 
margin rose-purple. This hybrid has always 
been scarce on account of the parents 
flowering at different seasons of the year, 
hence it is rarely possible to get both C. aurea 
and L. purpurata in flower together. The 


wonder is that John Dominy was so successful, 
for this hybrid of his first flowered in 1878, 
and at the time he actually made the cross 
there could not have been a large supply of 
plants from which to select. From Mr. 
Goodson’s collection also comes S~-L.-C. 
Olive, Fairlawn variety, a pretty flower of 
rose-pink colour, and Odontoglossum Chief- 
tain, of reddish-brown colour, the white 
labellum blotched with crimson-red. 


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ORCHID GROWERS.—Mr. H. J. Gillett, who 
for the last 12 years has been employed in 
the Orchid department of Messrs. Wm. Bull 
and Sons, Chelsea, has been appointed 
Orchid grower to Col. Stephenson R. Clarke, 
C.B., Borde Hill, Cuckfield, Sussex. Mr. E. 
Johnson, formerly in charge of the Borde Hill 
collection, is now acting in a similar capacity 
in the gardens of Lady Wernher, Luton Hoo, 
Beds. Mr. S. Smith, for several years Orchid 
erower to Mr. R. Brooman-White, Arddar- 
roch, Scotland, has removed to Blenheim 
Palace Gardens, where he has charge of the 
collection previously cultivated by Mr. F. S. 
Cooke, who has joined the colours under Lord 
Derby’s scheme. 


April-May, 1916, | THE ORCHID WORLD. 147 


Cymbidium Alexanderi Excelsior. 


CYMBIDIUM ALEXANDERI.— This _ has 
always been recognised as a very beautiful 
hybrid, and the variety Excelsior, of which 
we given an illustration, received an Award 
of Merit when exhibited by the raisers, 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, March 7th, 19160. It 
has since been purchased by Mr. Geo. 
Hamilton-Smith and added to his noted 
collection at Leigh Woods, Bristol, where 
Cymbidiums are a special feature. The 
parents of Alexanderi are insigne and 
eburneo-Lowianum, hence evidence of all 
three species is to be seen among the 
resulting seedlings. In Alexander: Excelsior, 
the characters of the parental species are so 
combined that a charming rose-crimson 
flower results, the lp bemg marked with 
crimson-red. Experts consider it one of the 
finest Cymbidiums yet produced. Another 
remarkable example is. C. Alexanderi 
Hamilton-Smith’s variety, which obtained a 
First-class Certificate, February 24th, 1914. 
The large flower is ivory-white, thus partaking 
much of the eburneum parent, while the 
labellum is boldly marked with crimson. 
These two striking results, both derived from 


the same seed-pod, show how considerably 
the hybridist has improved the genus and how 
much more may be witnessed as_ further 


generations are produced. 


LAZLIO-CATTLEYA LUMINOSA AUREA. 
Two excellent varieties of this interesting 
hybrid have been received from -Mr. W. W. 
Iield, who has charge of the well-known 
West Point Whalley Range, 


Manchester. In the typical forms of L.-C. 


collection, 
luminosa_ (tenebrosa aurea) the yellow 
segments are more or less suffused with a 
purplish colour, derived from the tenebrosa 
parent, but by using L. tenebrosa Walton 
Grange var. an albino form in which this 
purple pigment is absent in the sepals and 
petals, a very beautiful hybrid is produced. 
The two examples sent by Mr. Field have 
been named respectively Samuel Gratrix and 
Mary Amelia Gratrix, both have rich. canary- 
yellow sepals and petals and a rose-purple 
labellum, but the former variety possess an 
additional crimson colour on the lip, which 
renders it slightly darker. Both plants came 
from the same seed-pod, and were raised by 


148 THE QRCHID 


WORLD. {April-May, 1916. 


Odontoglossum crispum Mrs. Harry Worsley. 


Mr. Edward V. Low, to whom is due the 


credit of commercially introducing _ this 


interesting and very beautiful hybrid. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM MRs. HARRY 
WORSLEY.—Notwithstanding the numerous 
varieties of O. crispum, there are a few which 
stand out prominently on account of their 
fine form and distinctive markings. Our 
illustration shows an excellent variety in the 
collection of Mr. H. Worsley, Sherfin, 
Baxenden, near Accrington. It is a home- 
raised plant, obtained by crossing crispum 
Mossiz and crispum Marie, two well-known 
varieties which realised high sums only a few 
years back. In crispum Mrs. Harry Worsley 
the petals are unusually broad and of a much 
rounder shape than generally seen, while the 


margin is effectively crisped and_ toothed. 
The greater part of the flower is suffused with 
varying rose tints, and handsomely blotched 
and spotted with crimson-purple. The 
labellum has a whitish ground, the yellow 
crest and surrounding area creating an 
Although countless 
hybrid Odontoglossums have been produced, 
it is a well recognised fact that Odonto- 
glossum crispum still holds the premier place 


attractive centre-piece. 


so far as general utility 1s concerned, and 
when specially fine varieties are obtained they 
form the chief source of attraction in many a 
cool-house collection. 


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ODONTOGLOSSUM ASPERSUM.—From Mr. 
R, Ashworth’s collection at Newchurch we 
have received through his able grower, 


April-May, 1916. | THE ORCHID 


Mr. W. Gilden, an unusually fine spike of this 
natural hybrid between Rossi and = macu- 
latum. It carries no less than 15 flowers, the 
lower portion having two branches. The 
plant has been in the collection about sixteen 
years, and usually produces spikes with 10-12 
flowers, which is more than the average 
number for either parent. When exhibited at 
the Manchester Orchid Society, March 2nd, 
1916, a Cultural Certificate was granted to 
Mr. Gilden. 


Odontoglossum_hastilabium. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM HASTILABIUM.—A stately 
species, one of the discoveries of M. Linden, 
who met with it on the eastern Cordillera of 
Colombia, in the Estado Santander, in 1843. 
It was next found by Purdie near Santa 
Marta, in the extreme north-east of Colombia, 
while collecting for the Royal Gardens at 
Kew, and subsequently in other localities by 
Schlim and Wagener. It is sparingly met 
with in the neighbourhood of Ocana, where it 
occurs at a somewhat lower elevation than is 
usual for Odontoglossums, forming large 
masses on the surface of the ground, the roots 
creeping to a considerable distance among the 
decaying vegetation. On the Sierra Nevada 
de Santa Marta it is more abundant ; here, at 


VOL. VI. 


WORLD. 149 


an elevation of 0,000—7,500 feet, it 1s usually 
found attached to the stems of enormous 
Lianas overhanging the mountain streams, 
exposed to the influence of the rapid evapora- 
tion which is constantly going on in the 
daytime in a temperature that ranges from 
10—15 degrees C. (50—6o0 degrees F.), but 
which is considerably lower during the night. 
Under these conditions it bulbs 
6 inches long, and its stately panicles attain a 
length of 4—O feet. The first recorded 
instance of its flowering in England was at 
Syon House in August, 1840. 
season, however, both in its native country 
and under glass, is late spring and summer. 
The specific name refers to the shape of the 
labellum. Flowers scented, sepals and petals 
light yellow, shaded with green, barred and 
spotted with purple-brown; lip white, purplish 


forms 


Its flowering 


at the base. 


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DENDROBIUM LADY COLMAN.—When this 
wonderful hybrid between D. Artemis and D. 
Findlayanum was exhibited at the R.H.S.,, 
February 10th, 1914, it was awarded a First- 
class Certificate, and at once recognised as 
the largest flower yet obtained in this genus. 
It was raised in the collection of Sir Jeremiah 
Colman, Bart. Gatton Park, Surrey, from 
whom we have received a flower,and are thus 
able to give the following particulars :—Total 
width, 44 inches; length of sepal, 2$; width 
of same, 18; length of lip, 2 inches; width of 
same, I4. 
intensity towards the apical area of the seg- 
ments, the yellowish lp having the central 
area rich maroon, the front rose-pink. The 
species concerned in the making of this hybrid 
are nobile, aureum and Findlayanum. 


In colour rose-pink, increasing in 


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OBITUARY.—We much regret to record the 
death of Elizabeth Lady Lawrence, widow of 
Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., late President of 
the Royal Horticultural Society, which took 
place March 18th. Lady Lawrence was 
much interested in Orchids, and as recently as 
the last Holland House Show exhibited some 
fine examples of the interesting Cypripedium 
Stonei platytanium. 


20 


150 THE 


ORCHID 


WORLD. [April-May, 1916. 


Oncidium sphacelatum. 


ONCIDIUM SPHACELATUM.—This pretty 
species is noted for its free-growing nature, 
which renders it very suitable for inclusion in 
an amateur’s collection. During the months 
of April, May and June it produces a quantity 
of decorative bloom, the many-flowered spikes 
often attaining a height of 45 feet. It was 
first collected for’ the Royal Horticultural 
Society in southern Mexico by Hartweg, in 
1840, and shortly afterwards it was received 
from Honduras by Messrs. Loddiges, in 
whose nursery it flowered for the first time in 
England in February, 1841. A peculiarity by 
which O. sphacelatum may be recognised is 
seen in the bud just before expansion; the 
points of the sepals and petals are always 
bent back like recurved horns. Sepals and 
petals yellow, barred with chestnut-brown ; 
labellum golden-yellow, with a red-brown 
blotch im front of the crest. It is best 
cultivated in the intermediate house. 


EULOPHIELLA HAMELINI.—Many of our 
most interesting Orchids come from Mada- 
gascar, and if we could but see them growing 
in their native home still greater interest 
would be evinced. Of the earliest discoveries, 
there is the majestic Angraecum sesquipedale, 
and among the more recent Eulophiella 
Hamelinu with its stately foliage and erect 
spike of robust habit. An illustration and full 
account of this latter species was published in 
the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. II., p. 254, and now 
we have received from Mr. O. O. Wrigley’s 
collection, Bridge Hall, Bury, a finely culti- 
vated spike, about 3 feet in height, carrying 
17 large rosy-mauve flowers, and of powerful, 


though nevertheless delicious scent. This 


species appears to be unusually difficult to 


manage successfully, and very few plants that 
have reached this country are now alive. All 
the more credit is on this account due to Mr. 
E. Rogers for his skilful treatment of Mr. 
Wrigley’s specimen, which was exhibited at 
the Manchester Orchid Society, February 
17th, 1916, when a Cultural Certificate was 
deservedly granted. 


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EULOPHIELLA ELISABETH2.— This choice 
Madagascan Orchid is also well-cultivated in 
the Bridge Hall collection at Bury, whence 
we have received through Mr. E. Rogers a 
splendid spike carrying no less than 30 buds 
and flowers. The individual flowers are not 
unlike a small Odontoglossum Pescatorei, but 
of thicker texture, and are white, with rose 
flushing on the back. E. Elisabethz became 
known some twenty-five years ago when it 
flowered with Messrs. Linden, of Brussels. It 
is dedicated to Elisabeth, the late Queen of 
Roumania, well-known under her adopted 
name “Carmen Sylva.” 


“y a & 


ORCHID CATALOGUE.—Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean, Cooksbridge, Sussex, have issued 
an attractive Orchid catalogue consisting of 
48 pages, in which several unique plants are 
quoted, and a large assortment of unflowered 
seedlings that have been raised from the 
finest parents and from which many excellent 
results can be expected. A coloured plate 
and other illustrations are included. 


April-May, 1916. ] or 


= 


, ORCHID WORLD. I51 


Lelia anceps Dawsonii..; 


LA&LIA ANCEPS DAWSONII.— Although this 
graceful flower is generally known as a 
variety of anceps, it is no doubt a distinct 
local species, and has not been distributed by 
divisions of one original plant. It has been 
sent to this country by more than one 
collector, the first occasion being by Messrs. 
Low and Co., previous to the year 18067; 
Chesterton also collected it in Orizaba, in 
1878. It is named in honour of Mr. T. 
Dawson, in whose collection it first flowered 
under cultivation in 1867. The large flowers 
have white sepals and petals, the inner part 
of the side lobes of the lip is streaked with 
purple, while the front lobe is stained with 
deep rosy-purple. The disc is yellow. Our 
illustration depicts this elegant flower, which 
may well be included in all collections where 


Mexican Lelias are found to succeed. The 
flowers are produced in December and 
January, and thus come at a time of year 
when they prove most acceptable. 


CATTLEYA TRIANE “QUEEN OF SERVIA.” 
Among the many pretty varieties of this 
early spring flowering species we may men- 
tion that named Queen of Servia in the 
collection of Capt. Robert Twiss, Birdhill, 
Limerick. The sepals as well as the broad 
petals are silvery-white, the front lobe of the 
lip suffused with rose, the throat stained with 
light yellow. It is a variety well worthy of a 
distinguishing name. 


Se THE ORCHID WORLD. 


MODERN CYPRIPEDIUMS. 


A REJOINDER. 


Cypripediums have brought a “ defence ” 

from Mr. H. A. Farmer, of Tunbridge 
Wells. 
ultimate opinion in regard to the qualities 
of Cypripediums in general, but as my note 
only referred to some large modern Cypri- 
pediums, which seem to take a lead as 


| AM glad that my remarks on Modern 


We are not very far apart in our 


standards of excellence, many of Mr. Farmer's 
criticisms are illogical and quite outside the 
question under consideration. 

First of all, I do not wish to be “down” on 
modern Cypripediums, so there is no necessity 
for Mr. Farmer’s kind offer “to lift me up a 
bit!” On the contrary, I much admire the 
genus as a whole and cultivate a good many 
varieties, but, even so, this does not blind me 
to a proper criticism of examples put up at 
the Shows, and I thought it somewhat useful 
to draw attention to what I considered were 
wrong lines of development in our interesting 
plants. However, it may be only a matter of 
taste, as I before said, but there must be 
something in it; more than this, as a number 
of growers and laymen to whom I put the 
matter for an unbiassed opinion fully agreed 
with me that many of the modern Cypri- 
pediums are ugly and do not satisfy the 
esthetic sense. 

Mr. Farmer says “it is m the natural mind 
of mankind to desire everything large.” This 
is much too sweeping, and | absolutely refute 
this where refinement is of any value. In 
estimating beauty surely we do not “ pound ” 
it upon mere size alone! A large dorsal, of 
course, 1s not to be despised, but to make too 
much of this character, unproportionately to 
the other lesser qualities of the flower, is, I 
think, scarcely sane. I have no quarrel with 
large dorsals or with large flowers, but what 
I do say is—mere size of the whole flower is 
not a merit of supreme importance if the 
flower lacks other essentials. A well-formed 
and balanced flower is infinitely to be pre- 
ferred to one that is much larger, but ill- 
proportioned, 


[April—May, 1916. 


The second paragraph of Mr. Farmer’s 
article is, I respectfully venture to assert, 
sheer floundering, and puts a construction on 
what I originally said which no one could 
ever contemplate. “To reduce the dorsal 
sepal to the dimensions of the petals would 
indeed transform the whole character of the 
flower.” Quite so, and whoever wants to effect 
such a thing? I humbly suggest the contrary 
is the endeavour of growers, viz., to increase 
the size and substance of the petals. 

And, again, Mr. Farmer, in derision, asks 


us to “imagine a Cypripedium with a roundish 


flower!” Well, we can, and aim to get it, 
too! I agam humbly assert that it is a 
quality much sought after to avoid “hollow- 
ness.” The point to which I still adhere is 
that “mere size should not be put before good 
general form and colour, as the last para- 
graph in my note states (p. 102). This 
seems to be in opposition to Mr. Farmer’s 
ideas, but that I cannot help. 

Mr. Farmer wants to know what I say in 
regard to Maudie. Well, the last paragraph 
of my note (p. 102) 1s an answer to this. 
Unfortunately, a printer’s error ruined the 
sense of it, but the misprint has been put right 
on p. 137-—Alf. J. Paine, Athenlay, Wan- 
stead. 

w 8 


MODERN CyYPRIPEDIUMS.—I was interested 
in the article on “Modern Cypripediums ” 
(page 136), and may say that last Christmas 
week we had over 4,000 blooms open. I can 
hardly understand how anyone can compare 
the old species with many of the new 
varieties, in which we get not only brighter 
colours but much larger flowers, many on tall 
stems and with beautifully coloured dorsals, 
which make a most effective display during 
the winter months. As to the lasting proper- 
ties of Cypripedium flowers, I have a 
customer to whom I paid a visit on New 
Years Day and took a few Cypripedium 
flowers, and he informed me yesterday (March 
2nd) that some of them were quite fresh in 
his drawing-room. I think that is almost a 
record as to the lasting properties of Orchid 
flowers.—/ohn Cypher, Cheltenham. 


April-May, 1916.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 153 


DENDROBIUMS AT TUNBRIDGE 
WELEs. 


O the Orchid enthusiast all roads lead 
AR to those establishments where one 
has the privilege of welcome, ever 
seeking for fresh beauties to refresh the mind, 
and to feast the eyes on a vision of loveliness, 
not the vision of a dream which fades away 
into a mist of unreality, but something real, 
an impression which is permanent and 
refreshing. 

And even so it was that one felt drawn to 
wander around the houses of Messrs. Arm- 
strong and Brown, at Tunbridge Wells, seek- 
ing what to devour and digest. But the 
principal object was to see the Dendrobiums 
in flower, which are usually a feature here 
in their season. 

Blooms were coming thick and fast, and, 
by the time these notes appear will be at 
their best. Let the reader imagine a corridor 
nearly 100 yards long, the back wall of which 
is occupied with some 300 to 400 plants, 
species and hybrids of the nobile section ; 
imagine the greater part of these plants 
carrying numerous flowers, and one is able 
somewhat to form an idea of this floral 
display. 

True it 1s that most of the plants are com- 
parative youngsters, and as each succeeding 
year shows greater vigour and_ large 
growths, so will future displays put into the 
shade each previous array, that is, if they stay 
there; most of the larger specimens found 
another home some time ago. A feature which 
strikes one on entering the corridor are the 
numerous groups of D. nobile virginale of the 
very finest type, the broad sepals and petals 
and large lip making a flower of perfect form 
and of the purest white possible. A snowy 
picture withal. 

In close company are the richly-coloured 
D. nobile nobilius, making a contrast readily 
appreciated, and mingled with these are some 
D. nobile Thwaitesu, reputed to be the finest 
of the nobile type. D. Othello Colmaniz has 
a very large lip, which marks it asi one of the 
best. A Dendrobe of distinction is Cybele, 
with the deep maroon blotch slightly edged 


VOL. VI. 


with gold. D. splendidissimum illustre has a 
fine rich lip. D. Wiganize xanthochilum 1s 
rich primrose with crimson blotch. 

Another choice Dendrobe is Alice Bound 
var. giganteum. Hard to beat for form and 
colour is D. Armstrongii, purest white sepals 
and petals, with rich plum-coloured throat. 
D. Salteri is a good thing, the lip amethyst, 
orange and crimson. Very showy, too, 1s 
Robsonianum x nobile Amesia, pure white 
with an intense deep purple blotch. _ Inter- 
mingled with the above are numerous yellows, 
viz., D. chessingtonense, one of the grandest 
hybrids ever raised and a great favourite with 
the writer. I shall not soon forget the first 
time I saw this gem at its home of origin. D. 
signatum and D. aureum are represented in 
robust plants. 

The various varieties show what a wide 
range of beauty exists in these showy Orchids, 
and one can realise the pleasing effect pre- 
sented, providing so much to admire and 
appreciate. As one proceeds along, now and 
again you turn your head to peer in through 
the door of each succeeding house, anxious 
and anticipating what new beauties are born 
to the light of day—their advent into 
Nature’s competition, they take their place in 
silence, yet speaking rivals all, leaving their 
destiny to man’s superior dictum. 

No stale moments here, wandering among 
the Odontoglossums, Odontiodas and Odon- 
tonias, continually new flowers come into 
being claiming their birthright to beautify 
the world and to claim man’s admiration. 
There are many other items of interest I 
should desire to mention, but I fear I have 
already encroached on Mr. Editor’s space, so 
must postpone that pleasure to another day. 


—H. A. Farmer. 


ALTERATION OF NAMES.— [he Manchester 
Orchid Society announce the following 
alterations of names on record :—December 
10th, 1915, Cypripedium Golden Gem, 
exhibited by Mr. R. Ashworth, to be Golden 
Fleece; January 6th, 1916, Brasso-Cattleya 
Doris, exhibited by Mr. P. Smith, to be 
Brasso-Cattleya Bianca. 


21 


154 THE, ORCHID, WORED: 


[April—May, 1916. 


Dendrobium Wardianum. 


DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM AND OTHERS 
OF A SIMILAR HABIT OF GROWTH—It is 
often stated that this fine species very quickly 
deteriorates in vigour of growth. If I may be 
allowed to state my opinion, and the cause of 
this, it is through the long growths (and they 
should be long) being tied up to sticks, if they 
be in pots, or to the wires of the baskets, if 
under this mode of culture. My opinion 1s 
that the growths should always be allowed to 
hang naturally in a pendulous manner, then 
they will look all the more beautiful when in 
flower. This is most essential for future 
success in securing good flowering bulbs for 
another season. If the old growths are left 
pendant the young growths will start to grow 
well and obtain all the nourishment they need 
from the old bulbs. Imported plants plainly 
indicate a pendulous growth.—/as. Hudson, 
V.M.H., Gunnersbury House. 


&: 
G 
KS 
vod 
AS 
K 


CYMBIDIUM GLEBELANDENSE.—A series of 
flowers of this hybrid between Schréderi and 
insigne has been received from Mr. J. Gurney 
Fowler, in whose collection they were raised. 
They represent four different plants, all from 
the same seed-pod, and are more or less 


intermediate in character between the parents; 
being a primary hybrid one could not expect 
much variation to occur. On comparison with 
flowers of Cym. Cooper they prove practi- 
cally identical, which suggests that there can 
be no difference, so far as the parentage is 
concerned, between C. Cooperi and C-. 
glebelandense, hence the former must be 
regarded as a synonym of the latter. 


¥ 


JES 
ee 
kes. 


e 


CyMBIDIUMS.—A dozen beautiful flowers 
of Cymbidium hybrids are sent by Mr. S. 
Smith from the collection of Mr. J. Leemann, 
Heaton Mersey. Six are distinct varieties of 
C. Pauwelsu Gnsigne x Lowianum), the colour 
ranging from nearly pure white to deep rose, 
the blotching on the front of the labellum also 
showing much diversity; they bear the 
distinguishing names Matchless, Ideal, 
amabile, maximum, giganteum and album. 
Of the remainder, four are varieties of C. 
Alexander (insigne x eburneo-Lowianum), all 
beautiful and differing in the blotching on the 
hp ; one is C. Gottianum (insigne x eburneum), 
and the last is C. eburneo-Lowianum 
concolor, in which the greenish-yellow flower 
shows but a faint design of the blotch on the 
lip. 


April-May, 1916.] tHE: (ORCHID: WORLD: £5 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CLOTHO. 


triumphans Harryanum 


Hallii crispum 


Queen Alexandra 


Hallio-crispum 
| (Carmen) 


Clotho 


Halli as a species has been a despised one, 
since the hybridist has found better results 
accrue from those species that are analogous 
and which grow in and around the habitat of 
crispum, but still it produces a handsome 
hybrid with anything that has Harryanum 
in its composition. 

I raised the present plant from a poor 
mother, but a fine pollen parent. Sepals and 
petals have a deep yellow ground, very 
heavily covered by bright deep chocolate, the 
yellow bars and apices of the segments 
standing in fine contrast to the deep brown 
overlay. 

The lip is very large, bright deep yellow, 
with a big central blotch of lighter brown, it 
also has some small marginal spots at the 
basal halves of the edges. Crest as usual in 
Harryanum hybrids. Column light yellow. 
—de B. Crawshay, Rosefield, Sevenoaks. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM ABA. 


Harryanum triumphans 
| 


Edwardii Queen Alexandra 
| 


ae 

Nature has laid down certain laws that we 
hybridists can hardly crack, to say nothing of 
breaking. One has proved itself in the 
immense power of a pure species to preserve 
itself from the attack of all comers to taint 
that purity. 

I refer to the prepotency of Edwardii, 
coming as it does from a habitat where it 
seems never to have been able to cross with 
anything, for the good reason that there was 
nothing near it to disturb its solitude. 

The present hybrid is the result of a 
selected fine Edwardii crossed by one of the 


wn 


immense lipped Queen Alexandras, in the 
hopes of a large lip on a pure purple flower ; 
hopes only very partially realised. 

The sepals and petals are, as usual, solid 
deep purplish-brown, without a trace of 
marbling of any sort. The lip does certainly 
deviate from the usual one in this race of 
hybrids by being truncate and wedge-shaped, 
having a very narrow margin of cream- 
yellow, being covered by bright velvety 
brown having a shimmer of purple in the 
sunlight ; it is nearly flat and stands well, as 
does that of Harryanum. 

It is quite evident that it requires two more 
crosses (a lifetime at the age that some of us 
have attained) to secure the fine blooms of a 
“Harryanum hybrid” and keep the deep 
purple of Edwardu, and to do this only the 
very deepest ground coloured forms must be 
used, or the break-up of the solid colour may 
ensure. 

This result I shall attempt at once in the 
hope that someone else may see it if I do not. 
It can be attained if properly approached.— 
de B. Crawshay, Rosefield, Sevenoaks. 


CYPRIPEDIUMS.—Concerning the length of 
time Cypripediums remain in flower the 
longest record I have is five months, this 
occurring in C. Leeanum magnificum, which 
carried seven flowers. The plant was 
exhibited at Manchester five times when we 
were competing for the cups. Many others 
we have exhibited four and five times, so they 
must have been open three months, and were 
afterwards cut for the house decoration, when 
they lasted a considerable time in water, 
Another record I happen to have is of a plant 
of Vanda Sanderiana, which came into flower 
on October 3rd, 1913, was shown at Man- 
chester on January 209th, 1914, when it 
received a First-class Certificate and Cultural 
Commendation, and was not cut off until 
March 3rd. No harm was done to the plant, 
which is still in robust health, and has since 
flowered twice, each time with a spike of eight 
flowers——W. /. Morgan, Rann Lea Gardens, 
Rainhill, Lancs. 


156 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


THE ‘CENTENARY OF JORN 
DOMINY. 


OHN DOMINY was born at Gittisham, 
Devon, in 1816, and early in_ life 
adopted gardening as a profession. In 

1834, after completing his apprenticeship in 
a private garden, he entered the nursery of 
Messrs. Lucombe, Pince and Co., of Exeter, 
where he stayed for two or three months, and 
thence removed to Messrs. Veitch, who at that 
time possessed only the Exeter establish- 
ment. Here Dominy stayed until 1841, when 
he accepted the position of head gardener to 
Mr. J. P. Magor, of Redruth, where he 
remained for nearly five years. In 1840 he 
returned to Exeter, and continued working 
with Messrs. Veitch, afterwards going to the 
Chelsea establishment. In 1880 failing health 
compelled retirement. 

Dominy was an excellent grower of stove 
and greenhouse plants, but it was his skill as 
a hybridiser of orchids that won for him 
world-wide renown. It was in the year 1852 
that Mr. John Harris suggested to Dominy 
the possibility of obtaining hybrid Orchids, 
and as soon as the opportunity presented 
itself a practical start was made. Calanthe 
Domini (Masuca x furcata) flowered in 1856, 
when only two years old, and marked the 
commencement of Dominy’s work, as well as 
being the first artificially raised hybrid to 
flower. Dr. Lindley, the leading botanist of 
his time, on seeing this hybrid remarked: 
“You will drive the botanists mad.” 

This first result was soon followed by L.-C. 
exoniensis, L.-C. Dominiana and Calanthe 
Veitchu, three Orchids which hold an 
honoured position to-day, despite the 
thousands of other crosses that have been 
made. The first Cypripedium hybrid, villosum 
xbarbatum, was raised by Dominy and 
flowered in 1869, when it received the name 
Harrisianum, in honour of the man who first 
gave Dominy the idea of producing hybrids. 
In 1870 Selenipedium Dominianum appeared, 
this being the result of crossing S. caricinum 
and S. caudatum; and in the same year 
Cypripedium vexillarium (barbatum x 
Fairrieanum) attracted much attention, and 


[April-May, 1916. 


proved the forerunner of a series of beautiful 
results. ; 

In 1880 the Council of the Royal Horticul- 
tural Society awarded their large Gold Flora 
Medal to Mr. Dominy in recognition of his 
services to horticulture generally, especially 
for his remarkable achievements in hybridisa- 
tion. A few years later his friends presented 
him, through Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., with 
a gold watch and a purse of 200 guineas. 

After his retirement Dominy still retained 
an interest in horticultural pursuits, and was 
a constant attendant at the R.H.S. meetings. 
He died February 12th, 1891, and was buried 
at Exeter on the 17th of that month. 

The following is a list of the hybrids raised 
by Dominy:—AE£rides hybridum (affine x 
Fielding), Ancectomaria Domini (A. Rox- 
burghi x H. discolor), Macomaria Veitchii 
(H. discolor x M. petola). 

Calanthe Dominii (Masuca x furcata), C. 
Veitchi (rosea x vestita), Phaio-Calanthe 
irrorata (P. grandifolius x C. vestita). 

Cattleya  Brabantie (Loddigesii x 
Aclandie), C. Dominiana (intermedia x 
maxima), C. hybrida (guttata x Loddigesii), 
C. Manglesir (Loddigesii x Lueddemanniana), 
C. quinquecolor (Aclandiz x Forbesii). 

Lela Pilcheri (L. crispa x L. Perrinii). 

Leho-Cattleya devoniensis (L. crispa x C. 
Leopoldi), L.-C. Dominiana (L. purpurata x 
C. Dowiana), L.-C. exoniensis (L. crispa x C. 
Mossiz), .L-C, felix (2: ernspa x) @) “Schule 
leriana), L.-C. Veitchiana (Ly -euispa> x. NG: 
labiata). 

Cypripedium vexillarium (barbatum x 
Fairrieanum), C. Harrisianum (barbatum x 
villosum), Selipedium Dominianum (caricinum 
x caudatum). 


ss 
Ke 
AS 
KS 
ins 


CYPRIPEDIUM THORA.—This hybrid was 
shown at the Manchester Orchid Society, 
December 16th, 1915, the official report of the 
Society stating the parentage to be Fair- 
rieanum x Earl of Tankerville, which we duly 
recorded on page 115. The exhibitor, Mr. H. 
J. Bromilow, has since informed us that the 
above is incorrect, as the plant was shown as 
parentage unknown. 


April-May, 1916. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Cypripedium Harrisianum superbum (villosum x barbatum). 


A fine variety of the first Cypripedium hybrid, originally raised by John Dominy in 1869, and named in 
honour of John Harris, who first suggested to Dominy the possibility of obtaining Hybrid Orchids. 


ur 


“Ni 


158 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[April-May, 1916. 


Coryanthes macrantha. 


CORYANTHES MACRANTHA. 


r | \ HIS strange species was first described 


by Sir William Hooker | from 

specimens sent to him by Mr. 
Lockhart from Caracas. In 1836 a plant 
flowered in Mr. Knight’s nursery at Chelsea, 
and during the following season in the 
Chatsworth collection, and such was the 
extraordinary form the flowers presented, 
that wonder and surprise were created in 
all who were favoured with an opportunity 
of seeing them. 

Dr. Lindley has well described this species 
(Bot. Reg. t. 1841):—“The plant has the 
habit of a Stanhopea, and pushes forth from 
the base of the pseudo bulbs a pendulous 
scape, on which two or three flowers are 
developed. Each flower is placed at the 
end of a long, stiff, cylindrical furrowed 


ovary, and when expanded measures 
something more than six inches from the 
tip of one sepal to that of the opposite one. 
In colour the sepals are an ochry-yellow, 
spotted irregularly with dull purple; they 
have a most delicate texture; the upper 
sepal falls back from the tip of the ovary, 
is narrow, and not above one half the length 
of the two lateral ones, which, instead of 
applying themselves to the lip, as is usually 
the case, turn directly away from it, placing 
themselves at an acute angle with the upper 
sepal, and after a while collapsing at their 
sides till they look something like bats’ 
wings half at rest. - 

“The petals which are narrowly lanceolate, 
very weak, and much curved at the edge, 
have the same colour and texture as the 
sepals, and are intermediate in _ length 
between the upper one and those at the 


April-May, 1916.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 15g 


side; they hang nearly parallel with the 
column, but are so placed as to conceal in 
no .degree the lip, Nature taking most 
especial care to exhibit this strange part in a 
most conspicuous manner. The lip is as 
fleshy and solid in its texture as the sepals 
and petals are delicate. It is seated on a 
deep purple stalk, nearly an inch long, and 
forming an obtuse angle with the column, 
and consequently an acute one with the 
ovary; this stalk terminates in a hemi- 
spherical greenish-purple cup, or rather cap, 
considering its position; and the latter, 
contracting at its front edge, extends 
forward into a sort of second stalk of a very 
vivid blood colour, the sides of which are 
thinner than the centre, turned back, and 
marked with four or five very deep, solid, 
sharp-edged plaits. These plaited edges 
again expand and form a second cup, less 
lobed than the first, thmning away very 
much to the edges, of a broadly conical 
figure, with a diameter of at least two inches 
at the orifice; this second cup is on an 
ochry-yellow, streaked and spotted with 
pale crimson, and seems intended to catch 
a watery secretion, which drips into it from 
two succulent horns, which take their origin 
in the base of the column, and hang over 
the centre of the cup.” 

But, it will be asked’: What is the design 
of this unusual structure, and what is its use 
in the economy of the plant? Such an 
enquiry as this can only be satisfactorily 
answered after a patient watching of the 
flower from its first expansion and_ its 
surroundings in its native country till it 
begins to fade, or, at least, till the purpose 
has been accomplished for which the flower 
was created. Fortunately, in this case the 
desired observation has been made by Dr. 
Cruger, formerly Director of the Botanic 
Gardens at Trinidad, who writes (/ur. Linn. 
Soe, WII, p. 129):— 

“Large humble-bees, noisy and quarrel- 
some, are attracted at first by the smell of 
the flower; but the smell probably only 
gives notice to the insects; the substance 
they really come for is the interior lining 
of the labellum, which they gnaw off with 


great industry. They may be seen in great 
numbers disputing with each other for a 
place on the edge of the hypochile. Partly 
by the contest, partly perhaps intoxicated 
by the matter they are indulging in, they 
tumble down into the bucket half-full of the 
fluid secreted by the horn-like organs at the 
base of the column. They then crawl along 
the anterior inner side of the bucket where 
there is a passage for them. If one is early 
on the look-out, as these Hymenopters are 
early risers, one can see on every flower how 
fecundation is performed. The humble-bee 
in forcing its way out of its involuntary bath 
has to exert itself considerably, as the mouth 
of the epichile and the face of the column 
fit together exactly, and are very stiff and 
elastic. The first bee that is immersed will 
have the gland of the pollen masses glued 
to its back. The insect then generally gets 
through the passage and comes out with 
this peculiar appendage, to return nearly 
immediately to its feast, when it is generally 
precipitated a second time into the bucket, 
passing out through the same aperture, and 
so inserting the pollen masses into the stigma 
while it forces its way out, and thereby 
impregnating either the same or some other 
flower. I have often seen this, and some- 
times there are so many of these humble-bees 
assembled, that there is a _ continual 
procession of them through the passage 
specified.” 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM.—A_remark- 
ably fine variety is sent by Mr. W. J. Morgan 
from the collection of Mr. H. J. Bromilow, 
Rann Lea, Rainhill, Lancs. The total width 
of the flower is 3? inches, the petals being 
1% inches wide, and well-set. The segments 
are white, slightly tinged with faint rose on 
the back, while all are boldly blotched with 
crimson-red. This is a home-raised plant, 
and, although showing slight evidence of 
Pescatorei in the formation of the lip, it is 
best classified as a crispum. It is in every 
way an excellent and noteworthy variety. 


160 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[April—May, 1916. 


Dendrobium Ainsworthii (aureum X nobile). 


DENDROBIUM ENDOCHARIS.—I read with 
much interest the notes upon this pretty 
hybrid Dendrobium in the February issue of 
the ORCHID WORLD. I am pleased to inform 
readers that it is sti!l in cultivation. We have 
at least four plants of it in the collection here. 
Three of these are flowering freely at the 
present time. It would be a great pity for it 
to go out of cultivation. Though not a showy 
Orchid, it is extremely pretty and, as stated, 
very sweetly scented. It is an Orchid of 
which I am very fond. I remember its advent 
into the Orchid world very well. I have just 
turned up Messrs. Jas. Veitch and Sons’ 
Catalogue of New Plants for 1881, and find it 
therein described and offered. Its parentage 
is given as D. japonicum x D. heterocarpum, 
but this may be but a change of names. We 
note here that its fragrance is most distinctly 
detected in the early hours of the day.—/as. 
Hudson, V.M.H., Gunnersbury House. 


te 


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% 


ined 
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CATTLEYA DRAPSIANA.—Although Catt- 
Jeya aurea has been a favourite species with 


the hybridist for many years, and has indeed 
been the parent of numerous hybrids, it has 
one point of rather an unsatisfactory nature, 
and this is to be found in the comparative 
weakness of the petals, which do not possess 
the thick texture required to give them an 
erect position. On this account other species 
have been utilised to give the necessary 
strength, and probably none has been more 
successful than C. Harrisoniana, although it 
is more likely that in the majority of cases its 
near relation C. Loddigesu has been used on 
account of its superior flower. In the well- 
known Cattleya Mrs. Pitt (Harrisoniana x 
aurea) the whole flower presents an evenly- 
balanced appearance, the petals being 
particularly noticeable by reason of their erect 
and stiff nature. In Cattleya Drapsiana the 
process has been carried a step further, the 
parentage of this being C. Mrs. Pitt x C. 
aurea, which has resulted in the production of 
many very beautiful and varied hybrids. Our 
coloured plate depicts Messrs. McBean’s 
variety, which is one of several much-prized 
gems raised by them in their extensive 
establishment at Cooksbridge, Sussex, 


CATTLEYA DRAPSIANA, McBEAN'S VARIETY. 


ad 


April-May, 1916. ] 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


ODONTIODA SUNSET.—The result of 
crossing Odm. harvengtense and Oda. 
Vuylstekeze. Obtained an Award of Merit, 


Manchester Orchid Society, February 17th, 
1916, when exhibited by Mr. P. Smith. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM VERDUN. — Messrs. 
Sander and Sons have raised this pleasing 
hybrid, of which the parents are Lawrence- 
anum and Wilckeanum. 

ODONTIODA WARNHAMENSIS.— This pretty 
result has been obtained in the collection of 
Mr. C. J. Lucas, Warnham Court, Horsham. 
The parents are Oda. Cecilia and Odm. 
ardentissimum, the flower being heavily 
blotched with red, the sepals and_ petals 
bordered with rose-violet. 

ODONTOCIDIUM WARNHAMENSE. — Od. 
Edwardu and On. tigrinum are the parents of 
this interesting hybrid, which has been raised 
in the collection of Mr. C. J. Lucas, Warnham 
Court, Horsham. In colour dark chocolate- 
crimson, the apex of the labellum creamy- 
white. 

ODONTIODA ALCANTARA—This hybrid 
between Oda. Cooksonia and Odm. eximium 
received an Award of Merit, R.H.S., March 
28th, 1916, when exhibited by the raisers, 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. 

ODONTIODA NIOBE.—Messrs. Armstrong 
and Brown are the raisers of this hybrid 
between Oda. Bradshawie and Odm. Jasper. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM FaABIA——This is_ the 
result of crossing Aglaon (eximium x 
Vuylstekez) and eximium, Messrs. Armstrong 
and Brown being the raisers. 

SOPHRO-CATTLEYA REX.—A First-class 
Certificate was awarded this beautiful hybrid 
when exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
March 28th, 1916. The parents are S.-C. 
Doris and C. Empress Frederick. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA VERDUN. — Messrs. 
Flory and Black have produced this large and 
attractive flower by crossing L.-C. C. G. 
Roebling and C. Schrédere. 

ODONTIODA VIDA—This pleasing novelty 
has been raised by Mr. C. J. Lucas, Warnham 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 161 


Court, Horsham, the parents being Odm. 
sceptrum and Oda. Vuylstekez, the flower 
reddish-brown with a shining nature. 


ODONTIODA PRINCE ALBERT.—Messrs. 
Flory and Black are the raisers of this choice 
hybrid, of which the parents are Oda. Zephyr 
and Odm. percultum. In colour rich scarlet- 


red. 


CyMBIDIUM NIOBE.— This interesting result 
has been obtained in Mr. J. Gurney Fowler's 
collection, the parents being tigrinum and 
eburneo-Lowianum. The spike carried 5 
greenish flowers, the white lip freckled with 
light rose on the front lobe. 


ODONTIODA ELSTEAD GEM.—C. Neetzliana 
and Oda. Thwaitesii are the parents of this 
pleasing flower of reddish colour, which has 
been raised by Mr. C. Ingram, Elstead 
House, Godalming. 


CATTLEYA JULIENNE—This large rosy 
flower is the result of crossing Skinneri and 
Mendelii, Messrs. J. and A. McBean being 
the raisers. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM EUGENIA—An inter- 
esting hybrid between the Mexican and 
Colombian sections, the parents being O. 
cordatum and O. crispum, blotched variety. 
The erect spike carried 9 flowers of yellowish- 
eround colour almost covered with chocolate- 
red blotching, the lip bearing a large blotch 
near the crest and spotted at the apex. 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean are the raisers. 


LALIA LORNA—A very bright and attrac- 
tive result, obtained by crossing Cowan and 
purpurata, the spike bearing 14 orange- 
yellow flowers, the lip bordered with rose- 
purple. Messrs. J. and A. McBean are the 
raisers. 


SOPHRO-LA&LIO-CATTLEYA MEUSE— 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. have produced 
this attractive flower by means of S-L.-C. 
Marathon and L.-C. callistoglossa. In colour 
dark rose-purple, the lip crimson. 


L&LIO-CATTLEYA NIOBE.—A very pretty 
result, in which the brightly-coloured flower 
partakes equally of both parents, these being 
LL. Jongheana and C. Enid. Messrs. Stuart 
Low and Co. are the raisers, 


Tha WMesNs, ORCIENID 


WORLD. [April-May, 1916. 


Lelia lobata (L. Boothiana). 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIE RY 


March 7th, 1916. 


MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, 
R. Brooman-White, Stuart Low, Gurney 
Wilson, T. Armstrong, J. Charlesworth, J. 
Cypher, W. H. Hatcher, S. W. Flory and C. 


Cookson. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Odontoglossum The Czar (parentage 
unrecorded), from Messrs. Charlesworth and 
Co. One of the finest hybrid Odonto- 


glossums yet seen, the flowers being large, 


of good shape, rich claret-red, with a glowing 
tint. The large lip bears an immense blotch, 
and this, as well as other characteristics, 
suggests the influence of O. Vuylstekei. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontioda Joan, Fowler’s variety (Oda. 
Charlesworthi x Odm. ardentissimum), from 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. An interesting 
flower of yellowish colour, blotched with 
chestnut-red in a most effective manner. The 
wide lip bears a reddish blotch and a yellow 
Chest: 

Cymbidium Alexanderi Excelsior (nsigne 
x eburneo-Lowianum), from Messrs. J. and 
A. McBean, Cooksbridge. Undoubtedly the 
finest Cymbidium hybrid yet produced. The 
plant carried a spike of 5 flowers of rose- 


April-May, 1916.] THE ORCHID 


crimson colour, the lip marked with crimson- 
red. See illustration in this issue. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
Surrey, exhibited several choice varieties of 
the rich yellow Dendrobium chessingtonense, 
the handsome D. Rubens elegans, the pretty 
Ccelia macrostachya, and the rare Luisia 
cantharoides. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, 
Pembury, showed Cattleya Trianaze Amesiana, 
with white sepals and petals and delicate 
blush-pink lip. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. were awarded 
a Silver Flora Medal for an excellent group 
of choice Odontoglossums, both species and 
hybrids; also Lelio-Cattleya Bella alba, of 
robust constitution, L.-C. Dominiana and 
Masdevallia Harryana lilacina. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons received a Silver 
Flora Medal for an imposing group of 
Dendrobium Wardianum, well-flowered plants 
of Cymbidium Mavis and insigne Sanderi, 
Vanda suavis, the rare Eria paniculata and a 
strong plant of the now scarce Lelia cinna- 
barina. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean were awarded 
a Silver Banksian Medal for an attractive 
exhibit of elegant Cymbidium hybrids, the 
best being Alexanderi Excelsior. Also 
Cattleya Cowanie alba, Lelio-Cattleya Myra, 
of bright yellow colour, various Odontiodas 
and good Odontoglossums. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons obtained a 
Silver Banksian Medal for a neat group of 
Cypripediums, dark varieties of Cattleya 
Empress Frederick, the pretty Angracum 
citratum, a strong plant of Cuirrhopetalum 
picturatum, and a fine selection of the best 
Dendrobiums. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown staged the 
new Odontioda Verdun (Oda. Charlesworthii 
x Odm. Armstrongie), of a promising nature ; 
also Cypripedium Holdenu, C. ardens (glau- 
cophyllum x Miss Louisa Fowler), and 
several excellent Dendrobiums with numerous 
flowers. . 

Messrs. Flory and Black exhibited B.-L.-C. 


WORLD. 164 


Hilda (B.-L. 
labiata), Odontoglossums and Odontiodas in 
variety, select Cypripediums and Zygo-colax 
Veitchu. 

Mr. Harry Dixon staged some select 
varieties of Cattleya Trianz, various 
Cymbidiums, and distinct varieties of Lycaste 
Skinner. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. exhibited 
Lelio-Cattleya labiosa Hluminator, of varying 
reddish-rose tints with a dark lip. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. staged a very fine 
form of Cattleya Suzanne Hye de Crom, the 
elegant Cymbidium Holfordianum, as well 
as Lycaste Skinneri of delicate coloration. 


Digbyano - purpurata x C. 


March 28th, 1910. 


MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Stuart Low, 
R, A. Rolfe, R. G. Thwaites, F. J. Hanbury, 
Pantia Ralli, E. R. Ashton, T. Armstrong, W. 
Cobb, A. McBean, J. Charlesworth, S. Flory, 
R. Brooman-White, C. J. Lucas, Gurney 
Wilson and Col. Sir John Rutherford (visitor). 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontioda Gladys (Odm. Pescatore1 x Oda. 
Bradshawiz), from Geo. W. Bird, E'sq., The 
Manor House, West Wickham, Kent.—A very 
beautiful and uncommon result, in which the 
spike carried 19 large flowers of good shape 
and neatly spotted with red on a whitish 
ground, the sepals and petals with a broad 
bright rose margin. An illustration and 
descriptive note appears in the ORCHID 
WORLD, Vol. V., page 173. 

Sophro-Cattleya Rex (S.-C. Doris x C. 
Empress Frederick), from Messrs. Armstrong 
and Brown, Tunbridge Wells——This ranks 
among the finest of the Sophronitis hybrids. 
The large flower is of excellent formation, the 
segments slightly frilled, as often seen in the 
latter parent, the broad labellum partaking 
much of C. Mossiz, derived through C. 
Empress Frederick. 
red. 


The colour is scarlet- 


164 ANSE, OICIENUD 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lycaste Skinneri var. Mrs. G. Hamilton- 
Smith, from Cyril Raven, Esq., Ravenswood, 
Bexley, Kent—Undoubtedly the finest form 
yet seen of this well-known species. The 
plant carried 7 immense flowers of fine 
proportion, and was also awarded a Cultural 
Certificate. 

Lelio-Cattleya Verdun (L-C. C. G 
Roebling x C. Schrédere), from Messrs. Flory 
and Black, Slough.—A charming flower, with 
broad segments of light rose tint, the expan- 
sive labellum richly coloured and with an 
orange-yellow throat. 

Odontioda Alcantara (Oda. Cooksome x 
Odm. eximium), from Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co.—A very singular and beautiful result, 
in which the whole flower is of deep rose 
colour, with slight reddish flushing on the 
central area of the petals. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATIONS 


To Cyril Raven, Esq. fcr a grand 
specimen of Lycaste Skinner var. Mrs. G. 
Hamilton-Smith, carrying 7 well-developed 
flowers. 

To Messrs. Armstrong and Brown for 
Odontioda Dora var. The Czar, with an erect 
and branched spike carrying numerous 
flowers. 


PRELIMINARY COMMENDATIONS. | 


Odontoglossum crispum Perfection, from 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown.—A_ remark- 
ably fine flower, the whole surface richly 
blotched with dark purple tints. 

Odontoglossum (crispum x 
eximium), from Armstrong and 
Brown.—A large whitish flower having a 


promerens 
Messrs. 


reddish-purple blotch on each segment. 
Odontioda Cereus (Odm. excellens x Oda. 
Charlesworthi), from Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown.—A large flower of waxy nature and 
of a shining red colour, the back is yellowish. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. were awarded 
a Silver-gilt Medal for an extensive group, 


WORLD. [April-May, 1916. 


containing a remarkable assortment of 
Odontiodas, ranging ‘in colour from light 
yellow to rich, dark red, the whole forming 
an instructive object-lesson on the mysteries 
of hybridisation. Some fine forms of Miltonia 
Bleuana were also staged. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
obtained a Silver Flora Medal for an attrac- 
tive exhibit of Cymbidium hybrids, including 
several distinct varieties; various Cypri- 
pediums ; a fine plant of Lycaste plana, and 
several good Cattleyas, of which Schrodere 


was prominently staged. 


Messrs. Sander and Sons secured a Silver 
Banksian Medal for an interesting group, in 
which were two specimens of Lycaste 
Skinneri var. Mrs. G. MHamilton-Smith, 
Manillaria luteo-alba, M. leptosepala, with 
numerous flowers, M. Fletcheriana, very 
distinct, and various Cattleya hybrids. A 
strong plant of the curious Uropedium 
Lindenu was also staged. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. received a Silver 
Banksian Medal for a neat exhibit of 
Cymbidium insigne, C. eburneum, choice 
varieties of Cattleya Schrodere, as well as 
Miltonia Bleuana and Odontiodas. 

Messrs. Flory and Black staged Odontioda 
Sunbeam, of good shape and colour ; a richly 
coloured variety of Lelio-Cattleya Fred. 
Boyle; a specimen of Disa sagittalis ; choice 
Cypripediums ; and Cochlioda rosea, generally 
considered a difficult species to cultivate. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. exhibited a 
richly-coloured variety of Leelio-Cattleya G. 
S. Ball, well-flowered plants of Dendrobium 
formosum and D. Brymerianum, good 
varieties of L<C. - Bella, the dare eo 
Dominiana Low’s variety, and Cattleya 
Empress Frederick, produced by crossing C. 
Dowiana and C. Mossie Wageneri, but with 
a purple-coloured flower. 

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton 
Lane, exhibited Odontioda Red Riding Hood 
“ Bryndir var.,” carrying a spike of 4 flowers, 
of solid cherry-red colour, the lip having a 
broad rose margin. Also Odontoglossum 
Glorita, of Rossii parentage, the sepals and 
petals blotched, the whitish lip having slight 
purplish colour beneath the crest. 


April-May, 1916. ] fae, ORCHID: WORLD. 105 


H. F. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney, 
staged Odontoglossum crispum Lucilla (cris- 
pum Luciana x crispum Mossiz), with a spike 
of three large flowers, handsomely bfotched, 
the margin of the petals toothed. 

iG. Thwaites, Esq.,. Stteatham Hill, 
exhibited Brasso-Cattleya Mr. J. leemann 
var. Gloriosa, a fine form of this well-known 
hybrid. 

E. R. Ashton, Esq., Broadlands, Tunbridge 
Wells, staged Leelio-Cattleya luminosa aurea 
“Broadlands var.,’ an interesting plant 
obtained by the use of L. tenebrosa Walton 
Grange var., and having clear canary-yellow 
sepals and petals. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury, exhibited 
Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonu magnifica and B.-C. 
Cliftonii Fowler’s var., two superb varieties 
and extremely handsome. Both have 
previously received First-class Certificates. 

Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, Sussex, staged 
select forms of Odontoglossum crispum and 
Lycaste Skinneri. 


April rith, 1910. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (Gin the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Pantia Ralli, 
T. Armstrong, J. Charlesworth, E. R. Ashton, 
R. Brooman-White, J. Cypher, S. W. Flory, 
W. H. Hatcher, C. J. Lucas, R. G. Thwaites, 
W. Cobb, F. Menteith Ogilvie, A. Dye, W. H. 
White, H. G. Alexander, R. A. Rolfe, Clive 
Cookson, W. Potter and Gurney Wilson. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Lelio-Cattleya Britannia “Blenheim var.,” 
from His Grace the Duke of Marlborough, 
Blenheim Palace——One of the largest and 
finest varieties of this attractive hybrid. The 
snow-white sepals and petals of graceful 
habit, the broad labellum bright purple with 
a narrow white border, the throat yellow. 
The spike carried three flowers. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum illustrissimum “ The Shrub- 
bery var.” from F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., 
The Shrubbery, Oxford.—A noble hybrid 


with a spike of 10 large flowers, well-propor- 
tioned and of reddish-purple colour, the hand- 
some lip having a whitish apex. One of the 
best of the Harryanum hybrids. 

Odontioda Joan “ Bryndir var.,” from Dr. 
Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton.—A 
very pleasing result, obtained by crossing 
Oda. Charlesworthu and Odm. ardentissi- 
mum, and in which the spike of 11 flowers of 
reddish-magenta colour makes a_ striking 
contrast to other varieties of this cross. 

Odontioda Prince Albert (Oda. Zephyr x 
Odm. percultum), from Messrs. Flory and 
Black.—This plant carried two spikes with 
numerous flowers of rich scarlet-red colour, 
the lip rose tinted. A special feature is the 
fine shape of all the segments. 

Cypripedium Wm. Lloyd var. Negro, from 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown.—One of the 
richest coloured forms yet seen of this 
favourite hybrid, the whole flower being dark 
claret-red and with a shining appearance. 


PRELIMINARY CERTIFICATE. 


Odontoglossum promerens “ Orchidhurst 
var.,” from Messrs. Armstrong and Brown.— 
A promising hybrid of fine shape and colour. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a group of 
choice specimens, including the _ pretty 
Angrecum citratum; large flowered varieties 
of Miltonia Bleuana and the handsome M. 
Charlesworthi; Odontioda Brewii and 
various fine forms of these reddish-flowering 
hybrids ; Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes 
and the new Sophro-Lelio-Cattleya Meuse 
(S.-L.-C. Marathon x L.-C. callistoglossa). 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean obtained a Silver 
Flora Medal for an attractive exhibit, in which 
were the new Cattleya Julienne (Skinneri x 
Mendelii), with a large rosy flower ; Odonto- 
glossum Eugenia (cordatum x crispum), with 
chocolate-red blotching; and Lela Lorna 
(Cowanu x purpurata), carrying a spike of 14 
orange-yellow flowers. The fine Oncidium 
McBeanianum and many other choice hybrids 
were also exhibited, 


166 THE ORCHID” WORLD: 


Messrs. Cypher and Sons were awarded a 
Silver Flora Medal for a well-arranged group 
of Dendrobiums, including Thwaitesu 
“ Veitch’s var.,” the pretty Vanda ccerulescens, 
Phajus flavus, Odontoglossum hibernicum, 
the interesting Masdevallia gargantua and M. 
Houtteana, as well as Cattleya Dusseldorfei 
and good Cypripediums. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons secured a Silver 
Banksian Medal for a group containing the 
eraceful Pleurothallis gelida, Odontoglossum 
Polyphemus (polyxanthum x triumphans), the 
Coelogyne 


pretty Epidendrum 


Lawrenceana and good 


sceptrum, 
varieties of 
Sophronitis grandiflora. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. obtained a Silver 
Banksian Medal for an exhibit of Cattleya 
Schrédere, including some distinct and large 
flowering varieties ; also Odontoglossums and 
Odontiodas, as well as several choice Brasso- 
Cattleyas and the bright Lzelio-Cattleya G. S. 
Ball. A fine variety of Od. polyxanthum was 
also staged. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. exhibited the 
scarce Dendrobium atroviolaceum, A#rides 
Vandarum, the pretty Vanda Parishu, two 
types of Vanda ccerulescens, Dendrobium 
Wardianum album, a distinct variety of 
Cattleya Seligere with a bluish tinge, and 
the choice Dendrobium Butterfly (Ainsworth 
x chessingtonense). A strong plant of 
Schomburgkia undulata was also seen. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
exhibited the pretty Polystachya paniculata, 
Eria ferruginea, Odontioda Lady Colman, 
with bright red flowers, Coelogyne lactea, and 
Laho-Cattleya Isabel Sander, a large flower. 

C. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godal- 
ming, showed Dendrobium Melpomene (Ains- 
worthu x signatum), a pleasing yellow flower, 
the lip blotched with maroon. Also Odontioda 
Elstead Gem (C.  Neetzliana x Oda 
Thwaitesi), with dark red flowers. 

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton, 
staged Odontoglossum Clotilde “ Bryndir 
var.” (eximium x Clytie), a large and richly- 
coloured flower; O. crispum nigrescens, with 
dark blotches on a white ground ; Odontioda 
Buenos Aires, with 3 large flowers, the 
segments very broad, of solid reddish-purple 


[April-May, 1916. 


colour; and Oda. Joan “ Bryndir var.,” of a 
pretty reddish-magenta tint. 

F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, 
Oxford, exhibited the rare Odontoglossum 
Pescatorei “ Duchess of Westminster,” with 
two spikes carrying an aggregate of 20 well- 
formed flowers; also Odontoglossum  illus- 
trissimum “The Shrubbery var.” which 
obtained an Award of Merit. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esq. Streatham Hill, 
staged Odontoglossum crispum Perfection, an 
excellent flower of round shape and well 


blotched; also O. luminosum (Fascinator x 


ardentissimum), with dark blotching. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Pembury, staged 
the interesting Cymbidium Niobe (eburneo- 
Lowianum x tigrinum), with two spikes of 5 
flowers, greenish, the white lip having lght 
rose freckling on the front lobe; also Odonto- 
glossum Cloth’ of Gold (amabile x Wilck- 
eanum), a handsome flower, golden-yellow 
with red-brown markings. 

Messrs. Flory and Black staged Odontioda 
Prince Albert (Zephyr x percultum), with two 
many-flowered spikes of rich red colour, the 
lip rose tinted; also Dendrobium chessing- 
tonense “J. M. Black,” Lzelio-Cattleya Yellow 
Bird, with § bright yellow flowers, and choice 
blotched Odontoglossums. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown exhibited 
Cypripedium Wm. Lloyd, for which they 
received an Award of Merit, Odontoglossum 
exultans (crispum x excellens), O. promerens 
Orchidhurst variety, and O. crispum General 
Petain, a large white flower of fine shape and 
blotched with purple-red. 

Mr. Harry Dixon showed various Cym- 
bidiums, good Odontiodas, Cypripedium 
Maudie and Cattleya intermedia Measures- 
ana, with rose freckling. 

Mr. C. Waters, Balcombe, staged several 
good varieties of Odontoglossum crispum. 


MANGHESTER ORCHID 
SOCHaT ¥, 
February 17th, 1916. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (Gn the chair), Messrs. J. C. 
Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. R. 
Handley, A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, F. K. 


April-May, 1916. ] THE ORCHID  VWORTTLD: 107 


Sander, W. Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp 
and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; Silver Medals 
to T. Worsley, Esq. Haslingden; Messrs. 
Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham; and Messrs. 
Sander and Sons, St. Albans. 

G. F. Moore, Esq., Bourton-on-Water, 
received a Special Vote of Thanks for a 
collection of over 40 varieties of home-raised 
Cypripediums, some of the blooms being of 
exceptional size and quality. 

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., received a Spe-ial 
Vote of Thanks for a fine group of 70 plants 
of Cypripediums in variety, as well as 24 
Lycastes of the Skinneri section. 

Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford, 
and Messrs. J. and A McBean, Cooksbridg>, 
also exhibited excellent plants. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum Twyford Gem, Lelio- 
Cattleya Monica, and Cattleya Brenda 
“Ashlands var.” All from R. Ashworth, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum crispum Beta and Cattleya 
Octave Doin. Both from R. Ashworth, Esq. 
Cypripedium Euryades “Carter Place var.” 
and Cyp. Commodore (Alcibiades x Memoria 
Jerninghamie). Both from T. Worsley, Esq. 
Odontioda Madeline “ Haddon House var.” 
and Odontioda Sunset (Odm. harvengtense x 
Oda. Vuylstekea). Both from P. Smith, Esq. 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. 

Mr. E. Rogers (gr. to O. O. Wrigley, Esq.) 
for Eulophiella Hamelinii (Peetersiana), with 
a many-flowered spike. 

March 2nd, 1916. 
MEMBERS present: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in 
the chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. C. Cowan, 
etevansek SPoster, A.R. Handley, A. J. 
Keeling, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, S. Swift, 
G. Weatherby and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Large Silver Medals were granted to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; Wm. Thompson, 
Esq., Stone; and T. Worsley, Esq., Hasling- 
den. A Bronze Medal was awarded to Messrs. 
A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Odontoglossum plumptonense var. Majestic 
(Lambeauianum x amabile), a large flower of 
excellent form, crimson-purple, lip slightly 
darker, with yellow crest. From R. Ashworth, 
Esq. 

Odontoglossum Clytie albens (Edwardu x 
Pescatore1), a large flower, differing from the 
usual type in having the ground work of 
French grey, the large lip spotted with purple. 
From R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Triane var. Sunrise, a flower of 
wonderful form. From P. Smith, Esq. 

Lelio-Cattleya Nellthorpe Beauclerk “ Had- 
don House var,” a fine flower, well set, the 
lip fringed. From P. Smith, Esq. 

Cypripedium Tom Worsley (Actus lang- 
leyense x Helen II.), of pleasing shape, the 
dorsal sepal porcelain-white, lightly spotted, 
the petals broad. From T. Worsley, Esq. 

Cypripedium Commodore, a large flower 
with broad white dorsal, having a vertical 
maroon line in the centre. From T. Worsley, 
sq: 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Odontoglossum princeps “ Walton Grange 
var.” O. eximium Perfection, O. eximium 
Moonbeam. All from Wm. Thompson, Esq. 

Odontoglossum eximium Purple Gem and 
O. crispum Haddon Glory. Both from P. 
Smith, [¢sq. 

Cypripedium Alcibiades nobilior and Cyp. 
Carter. Both from T. Worsley, Esq. 

Cattleya Schrédere var. Rossendale. From 
R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum crispum var. Dingle. From 
EF. Houghton, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Arthur. 
Robert James. 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATES. 

Mr. W. Gilden (gr. to R. Ashworth, Esq.) 
for Odontoglossum aspersum, with a branched 
spike of 15 flowers. 

Mr. J. Howes (gr. to Wm. Thompson, Esq.) 
for Dendrobium Wardianum, the plants in 
small pots and carrying large trusses of bloom. 


From the Hon. 


Please note that the Cypripedium Wim. 
Rees (Hitchinsiz x Milo) exhibited by Tom 


168 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Worsley, Esq., which gained an Award of 
Merit on January Oth, will be recorded as 
Cyp. Euphrates var. Wm. Rees. 


March 106th, 1916. 

Members of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. J. 
Cypher, J. Evans, A. R. Handley, D. McLeod, 
W. Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, H. Arthur 
(secretary), and Mr. D. A. Cowan. 

A. Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; and Large 
Silver Medals to T. Worsley, Esq., Hasling- 
den; Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham ; 
and Mr. Alwyn Harrison, Redbourn, Herts. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Lelio-Cattleya Juminosa aurea “ Haddon 
House var.,” a fine flower of good shape, 
sepals and petals golden-yellow, with intense 
purple lip. From P. Smith, Esq. 

Cymbidium Alexanderi var. Linda, a 
magnificent flower of good shape and colour. 
From Messrs. J. and A. McBean. 

Lycaste Skinneri var. Mrs. G. Hamilton- 
Smith, a large well-set flower of good colour. 
From Messrs. Sander and Sons. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lelio-Cattleya luminosa aurea “ Ashlands 
var.,’ L-C. Beatrice nobilior, and Odon- 
tioda illustris “Ashlands var.” All from R. 
Ashworth, Esq. 

Cymbidium Schlegelii aureum and C. 
Alexanderi Rex. Both from Messrs. J. and 
A. McBean, 

B.-L.-C. Alwyn Harrison. 
Alwyn Harrison. 


From Mr. 


AWARDS OF APPRECIATION. 


Odontioda Evelyn and O. Mary Hindle. 
From T. Worsley, Esq. 

Miltonia Hyeana var. Sirius. 
Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontocidium Juno 
From Mr. A. Harrison. 


From R. 


»” 


“Tfarrison’s var. 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. 


Mr. Wm. Coupe (gr. to John Hartley, Esq.) 
for Lycaste Skinner alba. 


{April-May, 1916. 


March 30th, 1910. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Evans, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, 
A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, S. 
Swift, H. Thorp and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq. Newchurch, and Tom 
Worsley, Esq., Haslingden. A Special Vote 
of Thanks was awarded to O. O. Wrigley, 
Esq., Bury ; a Large Silver Medal to Messrs. 
J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge; and a 


‘- Bronze Medal to’ Fi A intindleys aa sae 


Bradford. Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, 
Bradford, also exhibited. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Odontoglossum ardentissimum album “ The 
Premier,” a noble flower of true form; Od. 
crispum “ Laura,” a large round white flower 
over 4 inches across. Both from John 
Hartley, Esq. 

Odontoglossum illustrissimum “Evelyn 
Worsley,” good shape and colour, evenly 
marked. From Tom Worsley, Esq. 

Cymbidium Alexander var. melliflorum, 
large flower of creamy shade, nicely marked 
on lip. From Messrs. J. and A. McBean. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium Hazeldene (insigne Harefield 
Hall x Hindeanum); Cyp. The Don (bel- 
latulum x fulshawense); Cyp. Marcella 
(Leeanum x Drury Will); Odontioda Joan 
var. Golden Dawn; Oda. Joan var. Carter 
Place; and Odontoglossum excellens var. 
Carter Place. All from Tom Worsley, Esq. 

B.-L.-C. Joan var. Marlfield. From R. 
Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontioda Joan var. The Knowle. 
John Hartley, Esq. 


From 


AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 
Odontoglossum Richmond (Marie x Mabel 
Whateley). From Tom Worsley, Esq. 
CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 


To Mr. E. Rogers for a well-flowered plant 
of Eulophiella Elisabethe. 


ee? 


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HID 


Tad 


NOAES: 


ODONTOGLOSSUM MULUS.—An unusually 
fine specimen of this natural hybrid between 
eloriosum and luteopurpureum has been seen 
this season at Cooksbridge, Sussex, where 
Messrs. J]. and A. McBean make a speciality 
of Odontoglossums. The leading bulb 
carried two spikes, one with 11 branches and 
85 flowers, the other with 12 branches and 
100 flowers, making a grand total of 191. 


BLUE CATTLEYAS.—On page 25 of the 
present volume we noted some encouraging 
steps towards the production of a_ blue 
Cattleya, since when Messrs. Stuart Low and 
Co. have flowered two distinct varieties of 
Cattleya Seligere (Enid x Whitei), in which 
the whole flower has a decided bluish tinge. 
C. Enid is Warscewiczii x Mossiz, and C. 
Whitei is Schilleriana x Warneri, but from 
which species the blue tinge is derived is by 
no means certain. 


4 a “3 


DENDROBIUM DEAREI AND D. SANDERZ. 
—These closely allied species are sometimes 
found to be difficult subjects to handle suc- 
cessfully, notwithstanding the fact that strong 
and vigorous plants may have been secured 
in the first instance. Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean attempted their cultivation in the 
high temperature usually recommended, but 
as this did not yield the desired result the 
plants were removed to a slightly lower tem- 
perature, a warm corner in the Cattleya 
house being selected, where they now grow 
with remarkable freedom and flower quite 
satisfactorily. D. Sandera is a little darker 
in the foliage. 


VOL. VI. 


GIFT TO THE LINDLEY LIBRARY.—The 
Lindley Library of the Royal Horticultural 
Society has been enriched by the presenta- 
tion of many valuable books from the library 
of the late Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. Those 
dealing specially with Orchids include :— 
Lindenia, 17 vols. ; L’Orchidophile, 10 vols. ; 
Journal des Orchidées, 7 vols.; R. Warner's 
Select Orchidaceous Plants, 3 vols.; and T. 
Moore’s Illustrations of Orchidaceous Plants. 


CyPRIPEDIUMS.—Concerning the lasting 
properties of Cypripediums, as mentioned on 
pages 152 and 155, it is of interest to note 
that Messrs. Cypher and Sons exhibited at the 
R.H.S., April 11th, 1916, a strong plant of C. 
aureum virginale, with about half-a-dozen 
flowers, all of which were open in the last few 
weeks of December, 1915. 
winterly weather and the travelling to London 
these flowers appeared to be quite fresh 
and likely to last several more weeks in 
perfection. 


Despite the 


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Ree 
A 

Ke 


ONCIDIUM SUPERBIENS.—For many years 
this has been a rare species under cultivation, 
and its pretty flowers of reddish-brown sepals 
and yellowish petals barred with purple- 
brown are seldom seen. But the rareness of 
this species is now a thing of the past, Messrs. 
J. and A. McBean having raised a batch of 
plants by saving seed from a selected variety 
which flowered some six years ago. An 
illustration will be found in the ORCHID 
WORLD, Vol. V., p. 203, together with a 
photograph of the handsome Oncidium 
McBeanianum (superbiens x macranthum). 


22 


170 THE ORCHID 


SUCCESSFUL. CULTIVATION.—We are 
pleased to hear that Mr. Edmund H. Lean, 
of Heaton Moor, Stockport, has achieved 
excellent success with the cultivation of his 
Orchids during the three years in which he 
has taken up this fascinating hobby. The 
collection comprises Dendrobiums,  Cypri- 
pediums, Odontoglossums, and a few others. 
During the last eighteen months the house 
has never been without flowers. 


“ue vy ¥ 
MY Ko 4 “SE 


EULOPHIA SAUNDERSIANA—A _- spike 
of this uncommon species is sent by Mr. 
Walter R. Scott, The Limes, South Moor, 
Stanley, S.O., who received the plant from 
Uganda. It belongs to the same section as 
E. pulchra and E. megistophylla. The sepals 
are lanceolate, the odd one erect and the 
laterals extended at right angles level with 
the column. The petals are broader and 
shorter, both yellowish-green, striped with 
purple. The lip is trilobed, the middle lobe 
divided in front, whitish, the side lobes 
striped with purple and the mid-lobe having a 
few purple lines. The column is green with 
a purple line round the margin and at the 
back. 


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yes 

Ree 
& 
2 


CULTIVATION OF CATTLEYAS IN THE 
U.S.A.-—-The following note from a corre- 
spondent appeared in a _ recent issue of 
Horticulture, U.S.A.:—“ Would like to know 
from your Orchid experts how long Cattleyas 
may be kept in a paying condition with 
average ordinary good care, and what per 
cent. loss annually can be expected that has 
to be replaced in order to keep up the stock ? 
I am well aware that one can do a great deal 
better than another, but merely want to get 
at a fair basis.” To this Mr. F. J. Dolansky, 
of Lynn, Mass., replied :—“Cattleyas can 
be kept for eight to ten years in a paying 
condition with ordinary care. Some will do 
better and others not quite so well, but this 
is about the average. The annual loss in 
plants after the first five years would average 
about 20 per cent. for the next five years.” 


WORLD. [June—July, 1916. 


CYMBIDIUMS.—Messrs. J. and A. McBean 
inform us that Cymbidiums usually last quite 
as long, if not longer, in flower than many 
Cypripediums, and that a fine plant of 
Cymbidium Pauwelsi came into flower one 
January and remained in perfection until the 
end of June, exactly six months. It is thus 
easy to understand why Cymbidiums have 
achieved so much popularity. 


y 


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Ke 


Mr. J. GURNEY FOWLER'S ORCHID 
HouseEs.—What are the sizes of the Orchid 
houses at “Brackenhurst,’ Pembury, as 
shown in the ORCHID WORLD, May, 1914? 
They seem to be about the best I have ever 
come across.—Alfred R. Ragg, Linwood, 
Christchurch, New Zealand. The seven 
houses seen in the photograph are each 
58 ft. 6 in. in length, four of them are Io ft. 
6 in. in width, one is 1g ft. 6 in. in width, 
another 22 ft. 6 m., and the largest 24 ft. 
wide. The corridor is 100 ft. long, and on the 
other side of it, just visible between the two 
chimneys, 1s a lean-to cool house measuring 
50 ft. by 12 ft. The potting shed measures 
22 ft. by 12 ft. The adjoining bothy con- 
sists of a living room, three bedrooms and a 
bathroom. 


PELORIATE CYPRIPEDIUM—Mr. F. C. 
Puddle writes :—“I am sending some flowers 
of a Cypripedium in which the petals have 
taken the form of the labellum. This 
abnormality is quite constant, in the same 
way that it has proved to be in C. insigne 
Oddity. The plant from which these flowers 
were cut has produced similar examples for 
two successive years, and is now carrying 
another spike in the same condition.” This 
is a case of irregular peloria, in which the 
flower becomes evenly balanced by the petals 
assuming the form of the labellum, or third 
segment of the inner whorl. From the same 
collection Mr. Puddle sends a flower of 
Odontoglossum crispum in which the blotch- 
ing on the petals is much richer than that on 
the sepals and labellum, an unusual event. 


June-July, 1916. THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 171 


The late J. Gurney Fowler. 


J. GURNEY FOWLER. 


HE sudden death of Mr. J. Gurney 
Fowler caused the deepest regret in 
all sections of horticulture, for not 

only did he prove of incalculable value in the 
financial matters of the Royal Horticultural 
Society, but he was an enthusiastic cultivator 
of Orchids as well as a keen appreciator and 
successful grower of all that belongs to a 
country garden. An attack of influenza, 
followed by bronchitis and inflammation of 


the lungs, resulted in heart failure, and he 
died at Brackenhurst, Pembury, on Monday 
night, April 24th, at the age of 60. 

For more than twenty years Mr. Fowler 
has been associated with Orchid culture. In 
1898 he became a member of the R.HLS. 
Orchid 
Chairman in 1902, and became Chairman in 


Committee, was made a _  Vice- 


1905. In the compilation and publication of 
the “List of Orchid Awards, 1859-1915,” he 
produced a valuable and accurate work of 
reference, and the annual additions which he 


172 THE ORCHID 


brought out at his own expense and presented 
to all members of his Committee were always 
received with much appreciation. 

Only three years ago Mr. Fowler removed 
from Glebelands, South Woodford, — to 
Brackenhurst, Pembury, where he laid out the 
garden in excellent style and erected a 
thoroughly up-to-date range of Orchid 
houses. The finest Orchids that it was 
possible to secure were continually being 
added to the collection, and if the owner had 
been spared to live a few more years the 
Brackenhurst collection would have produced 
some truly marvellous results. 

As a regular exhibitor at the principal 
horticultural meetings Mr. Fowler obtained 
numerous awards, and so modestly did he 
receive them that his competitors shared the 
pleasure equally with him. The strenuous 
work carried out by him when Chairman of 
the Great International Exhibition of 1912 
will always be remembered, for to his arduous 
labours much of its success was due. 

To those who made his acquaintance for 
the first time he often appeared austere and 
brusque, but the more one came to know Mr. 
Fowler so much the more did his absolute 
fairness of mind and kindly nature become 
apparent. As a tower of strength in all that 
pertains to horticulture he achieved world- 
wide renown, and for the positions he has 
filled with such conspicuous success it will 
be no easy task to find a follower. For years 
past Orchidology has benefitted considerably 
through Mr. Fowler’s powerful influence, and 
in the words of Carlyle it may be said of 
him: “What a man can do is his greatest 
ornament.” 

ODONTOGLOSSUM PANTHER.—A flower of 
this fine hybrid between crispum var. Rosy 
Morn and percultum comes from the collec- 
tion of Mr. C. J. Lucas, Warnham Court, 
Horsham. Not only are all the segments 
particularly broad and well formed, but the 
deep rose ground colour and the decisive 
claret-purple blotching render it exceedingly 
attractive. This flower has been produced on 
a very small seedling plant, so doubtless finer 
results will ultimately be achieved, 


WORLD. [| June-July, 1916. 


WALTON GRANGE SALE. 


ALUABLE Orchids from the well- 

AVE known Walton Grange collection 

formed by Mr. Wm. Thompson were 

sold by auction by Messrs. Protheroe and 

Morris, at Stone, Staffs., on May 3rd, 1916. 

About 4800 was realised. The following are 
the highest prices :— 

Cypripedium Carola, two flowered growths 
and one strong new growth, 4) ens.; Cyp. 
Waltonense var. rubrum, one flowered growth 
and one strong new growth, 54 ens.; C. 
Desdemona, one strong unflowered growth, 
figured in the ORCHID WorRLD, Vol. IV., 
p. 126, 50 gns.; another plant of the same, 
one strong unflowered growth, 40 gns.; C. 
King Albert, one old and one strong new 
erowth, 7 gns.; C. Queen Alexandra Walton 
Grange var., one flowered growth and one 
strong new growth, 8 gns.; C. mirum, one 
flowered growth and one strong new growth, 
30 egns., figured in the ORCHID WORLD, 
Vol. IV., p.230; C. Actzeus Bianca, from the 
Westonbirt collection, one flowered growth 
and one unflowered growth, 14 gns.; C. 
Waltonense magnificum, one flowered growth 
and one new growth, 30 gns.; C. Thunderer, 
one flowered growth and one strong new 
growth, 7 ens. 

Odontoglossum percultum, four fine bulbs, 
5 gns.; O; Mrs. Aves Thompson; direc 
strong bulbs, 44 gns.; O. John Robson, four 
large bulbs, g gns.; O. Red Monarch, five 
bulbs, three with leaves, 7 gns.; O. Papilium, 
three strong bulbs with leaves, figured in the 
ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IV., p. 232, 26 gns.; 
O. mirum Walton Grange var., three bulbs 
and a strong growth, 28 gns.;O. Dorothy 
Arkle, three bulbs, 20 gns.; O. eximium 
Walton Grange var. 15 gns.; O. crispum 
Gladys, six bulbs, two leads, a fine Pacho 
crispum, 5 gns.; O. William Thompson, four 
bulbs and a strong growth, one of the finest 
hybrids in the collection, 30 gns. ; O. crispum 
Palatine, two bulbs and a growth, 25 gens. ; 
O. Walton Premier, five bulbs, 54 gns.; O. 
Edward Thompson, four bulbs, 13 gns.; O. 
Ilene, four bulbs, 5 gns.; and O. eximium, 


six bulbs, 5 gens. 


June-July, 1916. ] 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 173 


Odontoglossum_ Pescatorei. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI. 


O anyone unacquainted with the prac- 
tical results of the hybridist it may 


appear strange that Odontoglossum 
Pescatorei is ever utilised when there is an 
apparently much finer flower in O. crispum. 
It is wise to state apparently, for O. crispum 
has had such a long run of popularity that 
the mere suggestion of doubting its right to 
the highest position of honour in the genus 
seems a little absurd. One presumes that any 
special qualifications possessed by Pescatorei 
would have made it famous contemporarily 
with crispum, but it has fallen to the lot of 
the hybridist to discover the various means 
by which Pescatorei has proved itself of 
remarkable value in the making of many of 
our present-day popular hybrids. While some 
hybridists are of opinion that crispum and 
Pescatorei deserve equal recognition for the 
part they have played in recent years, there 
are others who assert that crispum comes first, 
with Pescatorei a close rival, and with this 
latter opinion most readers will probably 
agree. 

Before discussing the artificially raised 
hybrids, mention must be made of O. excel- 
lens (Pescatorei x triumphans), one of the 
natural hybrids for which high prices were 
paid; in the year 1886 Knox’s variety of 


VOL. VI. 


excellens realised £105, and many other 
instances could be given of the value then set 
upon examples of this hybrid. O. elegantius 
(Pescatorei x Lindleyanum) is another rare 
natural hybrid, and, like excellens, was 
accounted meritorious by reason of its bright 
yellow colour. Although excellens and 
elegantius derive this yellow from triumphans 
and Lindleyanum respectively, the brightness 
and clearness of it, as seen in the above 
hybrids, is entirely due to Pescatorei. 

In almost all hybrids containing crispum 
and Pescatorei in their parentage it has been 
noticed that the greater the proportion of 
Pescatore1 so much the whiter and clearer is 
the background of the flower, consequently 
the blotches and spots stand out in a decisive 
manner. On the other hand, crispum 
encourages the formation of a rose-tinted 
ground, which is, nevertheless, quite as much 
appreciated by the majority of amateurs, and 
rightly so. Both sections are fast becoming 
quite distinct. 

In May, 1900, M. Vuylsteke showed O. 
Rolfeze (Harryanum x Pescatorei), which at 
once opened the eyes of the hybridist to the 
immense future possibilities of increasing the 
interest in Odontoglossums, no _ matter 
whether scientific or commercial; as events 
have since shown, these expectations have 
been fully realised. 


23 


174 THE ORCHID 


O. Pescatorei obtained a_ considerable 
amount of notoriety through the raising of 
O. ardentissimum (crispum x Pescatoret), first 
seen at the Temple Show, May, 1902, when 
exhibited by M. Vuylsteke under the name 
O. crispum ardentissimum. Blotched crispums 
were then realising high prices, and it may 
have been due to this fact that M. Vuylsteke 
made the attempt, and succeeded, in_ pro- 
ducing what were in some respects blotched 
forms of crispum, although they have ever 
since been recorded under the name ardentis- 
smum. In other respects these hybrids 
resembled blotched varieties of Pescatorei ; 
but the combining of this species with crispum 
produced an unexpected violet tinge in the 
flower, which has proved so characteristic of 
ardentissimum that it has always been the 
chief means of distinguishing it from a 
blotched crispum. 

In O. eximium (ardentissimum x crispum) 
are to be seen some of the best shaped flowers 
yet produced, and the fact that they are, on 
the whole, better than crispum proves the 
beneficial influence in this respect of Pes- 
catorei, contained in the former parent. 
Although the individual flowers of Pescatorei 
are smaller than those of crispum, their chief 
means of making these round flowered 
hybrids lies in the base of the D-shaped 
petals. Reference to the accompanying illus- 
tration will show how these basal edges 
almost meet one another just above the 
column; in typical forms of crispum this is 
by no means so apparent, the petals being 
more © shaped. 

A marked character of Pescatorei is the 
pandurate or fiddle-shaped labellum, which is 
more or less inherited in all its progeny. It 
is a somewhat remarkable fact that in the 
majority of Pescatorei hybrids the whole of 
the broad front blade of the labellum is white, 
or at least much lighter than the other seg- 
ments. The back of this blade is keeled 
and furnished with an apiculus, or spur-like 
organ, which may generally be detected in 
the hybrids; the presence of this apiculus 
assists in proving the inclusion of Pescatorei 
in hybrids of doubtful origin. 

Another distinguishing point of Pescatorei 


WORLD. [June—July, 1916. 


is the prominent crest on the base of the 
labellum; the side wings of this crest are 
more fully developed than in crispum, and 
they thus assist very considerably in deter- 
mining the two species. There is often 
considerable difficulty in distinguishing certain 
varieties of Odontioda Bradshawie (C. 
Noetzliana x O. crispum) from Odontioda 
Vuylstekea (C. Noetzliana x O. Pescatoret), 
but an examination of the crest on the 
labellum will generally give sufficient evidence 
to bring about a decision. 

RENANTHERA COCCINEA.—One of the 
most interesting plants included in the sale 
of Sir Trevor Lawrence’s collection is Renan- 
thera coccinea, eight leaves, described as 
“part of the original plant imported in 1816 
and probably one of the first imported species 
brought to this country.” This recalls how 
Mr. Bateman first became interested in 
Orchids through seeing a plant of this species 
not many years after the above date. In a 
letter to Messrs. Veitch he thus describes 
the incident: “When at Oxford I stepped 
into a nursery situated where Keble College 
now stands and kept by the veteran Fair- 
bairn, who had been gardener to Prince 
Leopold and Sir Joseph Banks. This sealed 
my fate. Presently Mr. Fairbairn drew my 
attention to a curious plant with a few 
leathery leaves and several stout roots feeling 
their way amongst a number of small pieces 
of wood to which it was expected they would 
become permanently attached. ‘Here,’ he 
said, ‘is a piece of the famous Chinese air- 
plant, Renanthera coccinea, which flowered 
under my care when gardener to H.R.H. 
Prince Leopold, at Bushey Park.’ Of course, 
I fell in love at first sight, and as Mr. Fair- 
bairn only asked a guinea for his plant it 
soon changed hands and travelled with me to 
Knypersley when the Christmas holidays 
began. I had caught my Orchid, but how to 
treat it I knew not.” This was the beginning 
of the collection formed by Mr. Bateman, 
who subsequently assisted Mr. G. Ure Skinner 
in the introduction of many fine species, 
including Cattleya Skinneri, of which further 
particulars are included in this issue. 


June-July, 1916. | 


SALE OF SIR’ TREVOR 
LAWRENCE'S COLLECTION. 


HE celebrated Burford collection, 
it formed by the late Sir Trevor Law- 
rence, Bart. was sold by auction 
May oth, 10th and 11th, 1916, by Messrs. 
Protheroe and Morris. On all three days 
there was a good attendance, and amateurs 
as well as members of the trade bid freely to 
secure mementoes of this famous assemblage 
of rarities. 

Previous to the sale commencing consider- 
able interest was taken in Cypripedium Stonei 
platytaenium, for this plant was one of the 
much-prized gems at Burford. At Mr. Day’s 
sale in 1881 a strong plant realised 140 
guineas. At the disposal of Mr. Lee’s col- 
lection, at Leatherhead in 1887, no less than 
310 guineas were obtained, and with the 
intention of purchasing this plant Mons. 
Franz Masereel came over from Belgium, 
while his brother horticulturists arranged to 
meet him on his return with a brass band 
playing “See the Conquering Hero Comes.” 
But M. Franz Masereel’s expectations were 
not realised, for at the high sum of 310 
guineas he ceased bidding and allowed the 
plant to remain in England. Since that notable 
event the glory of C. Stonei platytaenium has 
gradually departed, and when Sir Trevor's 
plant was placed on the auction table on May 
oth Mr. Waters Butler was allowed to pur- 
chase it for the comparatively low sum of 14 
guineas. An illustration appears in THE 
ORCHID WORLD, Vol. V., p. 18. 

Lot 41, described as “Bulbophyllum 
barbigerum—the flowers are quite sensitive. 
This is the plant that caused such a sensation 
at the Temple Show some years back, and 
was purchased at the Dangstein Collection, 
1878.” The following note appeared in a 
London evening paper :—‘‘Orchid v. Camera. 
The trembling Orchid exhibited at the 
Temple Show has caused some amusement 
by its eccentric behaviour towards a Press 
photographer. For an hour and a half it 
defied all his efforts to take its picture. 
Every time the operator fixed his camera and 
posed his subject this plant with nerves 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD, 175 


began to quiver violently. After spoiling 
several plates, the persevering man, brought 
to a state bordering on desperation, attempted 
to snap the Orchid with a hand camera. 
Finally it was carried to the Temple con- 
servatory, where it was surrounded by old 
friends, and its nerves being thus quietened, 
the photographer was rewarded for his 
patience.” 

Other noteworthy prices are Odonto- 
elossum crispum Moonshine, a specially fine 
white type crispum, 4 strong bulbs, 11 gns., 
and a smaller plant of the same, 10 gns.; O. 
Uro-Skinner1 Burford var., 4 bulbs, made 
34 gns.; O. crispum Oakfield Sunrise, 
ious.; ©. crispum aureum, 15 gns.; O. 
Insleayi splendens, 6$ gns.; O. crispum 
purpurascens, large plant, 17 gns.; Den- 
drobium Victoria Regina, specimen plant, 
11 gns.; Lelio-Cattleya Smilax Prince of 
Orange, 16 gns.; Lelia anceps Veitchi, 
64 gns.; Odontoglossum crispum Mrs. de B. 
Crawshay, 15 gns.; Cypripedium Rossettu, 
large plant, 6 gns. There was a good demand 
for plants of the elegant Brasso-Cattleya 
Triune (L.-C. Hyeana splendens x B.-C. 
Digbyano-Schrodere). The total sum 
realised was just over £1,407. 

Sir Trevor was passionately fond of his 
plants, no matter whether they were of the 
popular gorgeous flowering kind or small 
botanical species. In opening the proceedings 
of the Orchid Conference of May, 1885, he 
said: —“T do not think anybody can walk 
round the show to-day without thoroughly 
understanding how we, who are fond of 
Orchids, come to be enthusiastic about them. 
If you want to find a justification for the 
hobby, I would say walk once or twice round 
the show and you will find it. Whether you 
regard the splendour and richness of colour- 
ing, the delicate grace and beauty of the 
flowers, or the weird and fantastic characters 
of some of them, I think you will find a justi- 
fication for and will understand the affection 
Orchid growers have for their plants.” 


Sala 


Grammangis Ellisii. 


GRAMMANGIS ELLIsii.—This remarkable 
species was discovered in Madagascar by the 
Rev. W. Ellis and introduced by him many 
years ago. In habit it resembles the better 
known genus Cymbidium, the spikes bearing 
from 10—20 flowers, in colour tawny-yellow, 
densely spotted with chocolate-red. In its 
native country it has been found growing on 
branches of trees overhanging the rivers, from 
which some idea of its treatment may be 
ascertained. Considerable heat and moisture 
appear to suit it when under cultivation. 
Perhaps in the future we shall find this curious 
species being used by hybridists to vary the 
genus Cymbidium, with which it will no doubt 
combine, the general habit being very similar. 


a £3 a 


RED Cross SALE.—The great Red Cross 
Sale of Plants, Bulbs, Horticultural Books, 
etc., will take place in thes Rens siall 
Wednesday and Thursday, June 28th and 
29th. All interested in horticulture are asked 
to lend their aid unstintingly in order to make 
this sale a great success. As the catalogue 
will, in itself, be an interesting and valuable 
souvenir of an unique occasion, every hortt- 
culturist should secure at least one copy, the 
price being 2s. 6d., post free. Admission to 
the sale will be by catalogue only, which 
will also be on sale at the door. 


76 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[June—July, 1916. 


CATTLEYA SKINNERI. 
Or illustration “shows a magnificent 


plant of Cattleya Skinneri growing 

and flowering profusely in the 
garden of H.R.H. Prince Paribatra, of Siam, 
Bang-khun-Prom Palace, Bangkok, Siam. 

James Bateman included a coloured plate 
of this fine old species in his Orchidacee of 
Mexico and Guatemala, 1837-43, but as this 
cumbersome work is inaccessible to the 
majority of our readers, we reproduce part 
of the matter relating to the plant in 
question :— 

“Until within the last few years, the exten- 
sive province of Guatemala had continued 
quite a /erra incognita to the admirers of 
Ochidacee, who were ready, nevertheless, 
to regard it as a rich storehouse of their 
favourite plants, in consequence of the known 
beauty of the tribe in Mexico and Panama, 
the two extremities of that remarkable 
Isthmus, of which Guatemala is itself the 
centre. The small number of European, and 
almost total absence of English, residents had 
rendered the attainment of any _ precise 
information as to its natural history all but 
impossible; and to have dispatched a 
botanical collector on a mission to a country 
whose Flora possesses only a _ conjectural 
interest was too wild a speculation, even for 
Orchido-mania to venture on. Things might 
still have remained in this tantalising state 
had we not accidentally heard that some 
insects had been received in Manchester from 
a gentleman of the name of Skinner, the 
owner of extensive estates in Guatemala, and 
the partner in a flourishing mercantile firm 
in the same country. This piece of intelli- 
gence immediately brought with it a faint 
gleam of hope ; for as entomology and botany 
are kindred sciences, we were at no loss to 
persuade ourselves that he who had done so 
much for the one might possibly be tempted 
to lend a helping hand to the other. We 
accordingly addressed a letter to Mr. Skinner, 
in which we frankly described the circum- 
stances of the case, and humbly craved his 
assistance. 

‘From the moment he received our letter 
he laboured almost incessantly to drag from 


June-July, 1916. | THE 


Cattleya Skinneri, a grand specimen with 214 flowers. 


their hiding places the forest treasures of 
and transfer them to the hot- 
houses of his native land. In pursuit of this 
object there is scarcely a sacrifice which he 
has not braved. In sickness or in health, 
amid the calls of business or the perils of 
war, whether detained in quarantine on the 
shores of the Atlantic or shipwrecked on the 
rocks of the Pacific, he has never suffered 
an opportunity to escape him of adding to the 
long array of his botanical discoveries. And, 
assuredly, he has not laboured in vain, for he 
may truly be said to have been the means of 
introducing a greater number of new and 
beautiful Orchids into Europe than any one 
individual of his own or any other nation. 

“ Unfortunately, there is already a Peruvian 
genus called (but not after our friend) 
Skinneria; we can, therefore, do no more 
than select some species which may not do 
discredit to his name, and we confess we are 
unable to conceive one better fitted for our 
purpose than the magnificent Cattleya repre- 
sented in the accompanying plate. Mr. 
Skinner found this plant almost exclusively 


Guatemala 


VOL. VI. 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 


Growing in the garden of H.R.H. Prince 
Paribatra of Siam, Bang-khun-Prom Palace, Bangkok, Siam. 


in the warmer parts of Guatemala, and along 
the shores of the Pacific. Its familiar appella- 
Flor de San Sebastian,’ and like Mr. 
the 
Epidendrum Skinner, it is eagerly sought for, 


tion is ‘ 


Skinner's other namesake beauteous 
when in season, by the people of the country 
as an ornament for the temples and shrines of 


their favourite saints.” 


ODONTIODA ZENOBIA.—A 
spike of O. Zenobia var. Leeana comes from 
Mr. W. R. Lee’s noted collection at Plump- 
ton Hall, Heywood, Lancs. 
wine-red, the broad labellum white at the 


well-grown 


In colour rich 


apex and rose-purple at the base. It obtained 
an Award of Merit, R.H.S., April 13th, 1915, 
since when it has greatly improved, both in 
colour. 
Charlesworthu x Odm. percultum. 


size and The parentage is Oda. 
From the 
same collection is sent by Mr. C. Branch, the 
able cultivator, a spike of Odontioda Leeana, 
in which the large flowers are of intense 
scarlet-red colour, the 
golden. It is a fine result and well worthy of 


special mention. 


central crest area 


24 


78 TEE ORGEMD 


WORLD. | June-July, 1916. 


Dendrobium Farmeri var. albiflorum. Growing in the garden of H.R.H. Prince Paribatra of Siam, 
Bang-khun-Prom Palace, Bangkok, Siam. 


DENDROBIUM FARMERI.—In Vol. V., 
p. 274, we published an illustration of this 
elegant species, and in an accompanying 
article mentioned the variety albiflorum, 
which appears to have first flowered under 
cultivation with Messrs. J. Macoy and Co., 
at Liége, Belgium, in the spring of 1860, just 
thirteen years after the introduction of the 
typical form. The reproduced photograph in 
this issue depicts an unusually fine display of 
bloom in the noted collection of H.R.H. 
Prince Paribatra of Siam, Bang-khun-Prom 
Palace, Bangkok, Siam. The eastern forest 
of Siam produces the variety albiflorum in 
abundance, and judging by the mass of bloom 
seen in the above photograph a truly gor- 
geous effect is produced. Dendrobiums, 
when correctly cultivated, are exceedingly 
attractive. 


THE WEST POINT COLLECTION.—After 
being in the employ of Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co, Mr. G. H. Jemmison has been 
appointed Orchid grower to Mr. Samuel 
Gratrix, West Point, Whalley Range, Man- 
chester. 


4y ¥y 


CATTLEYA SCHRODER VAR. MARJORIE 
HELEN.—A large photograph of this delight- 
ful spring-flowering Cattleya is sent by Mr. 
W. E. Eglington, now in charge of a very 
fine collection of Orchids at Menlo Park, 
California, U.S.A. It depicts a strong plant, 
with two spikes, each carrying three large 
pure white flowers having well-displayed 
segments, and with the usual zone of orange- 
yellow in the throat. The margin of the 
labellum is prettily frilled. 


June-July, 1916. | 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 179 


ODONTIODA LUNA. 
crispum luteopurpureum crispum triumphans 
| ae 
Wilckeanum harvengtense nobile crispum 


| 
Vuylstekei 


C. Noetzliana 


Odontioda Luna 


This hybrid might have been an Oda. 
Cooksonie except for the lip, which 1s of the 
usual bad form, as in most Bradshawies. The 
whole flower is of soft red, heavily suffused 
with lilac from its g parent, which is a 
solid lilac bloom. 

Having crispum three times as a primary 
ancestor, it is not surprising that the result 
should tend towards it, but it is rather remark- 
able that no evidence is left of either of the 
yellow and brown ancestors. 

I hoped to get a lilac result, but of course 
that may come yet as this is the first plant to 
flower__de B. Crawshay, Rosefield, Seven- 
oaks. 


ODONTIODA AIDA. 
Kegeljani cristatum 


| 


cristatellum Harryanum 


Amonasro 


C. Noetzliana 
: a 
Odontioda Aida 

The ways of men are said to be narrow, 
but the ways of hybridity are broad, so broad 
that no one knows where Nature leads or how 
wide of the attempted goal you are likely to 
land. 

The first plant to bloom of this is a real 
disappointment. Excepting the colour, which 
is most intense glistening blood-red, it has 
collected the bad points of all its parents, 
being small, narrow, and only a little larger 
than Cochlioda Noetzliana. 

The backs of the segments are yellow 


illustre 


___| (Theodora) 


faethe SA 


| 
armainvillierense 


| 


having a shade of green in them. The habit 
of the spike is that of C. Noetzliana, as is the 
bulb, but much enlarged. I daresay I may 
bloom a better one later on—de B. Craw- 
shay, Rosefield, Sevenoaks. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM 
MEGAGLOSSUM. 


(Hallit x luteopurpureum.) 

This parentage to-day may seem to some 
hybridists amusing, old-fashioned and going 
backwards, but it was always my intention to 
see the result of almost every specific coupling 
that was not possible by Nature’s agency. 

For this particular cross I acquired the 
finest lipped Hallu I ever saw, and I am sorry 
to say the plant did not survive the strain of 
the pod. The luteopurpureum had also a fine 
broad lip. The result in the first plant to 
bloom is astonishing. 

The great lip being the feature of the 
flower, it 1s not out of place to describe this 
segment first. It is 12 in. long, I in. across the 
shoulders, 12 across the front, has a cream- 
white ground, strong apiculus, and one great 
arrow-head-shaped chocolate blotch ; the crest 
is bright yellow, spotted as in Halli; the 
column cream, with light brown wings. 

Sepals greenish at the back, cream ground 
with brown overlay, barred as in Halli. 
Petals similar in ground colour, with one large 
brown blotch and inferior spotting. The 
general form tends towards Halli. This plant 
will produce a race of giant-lipped hybrids, 
with suitable crossing.—de B. Crawshay, 
Rosefield, Sevenoaks. 


180 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


NEW ORCHIDS. 


The following new Orchids are described 
in the Kew Bulletin, 1916, p. 77 :— 

PLEUROTHALLIS PAPILLIFERA.—Sent 10 
Kew by Mr. C. H. Lankester, and flowered 
in November, 1915. The sepals are described 
as light green, and the petals semi-transparent 
white, with numerous dark purple papillae on 
the nerves and margin outside. Native of 
Costa Rica. 

KRANZLINELLA RUFESCENS.—Flowered 
with Messrs. Sander and Sons, in October, 
1915. The flowers are tawny-yellow, more 
or less dotted with brown on the lateral 
sepals, and obscurely lined on the dorsal, with 
the front of the lip green, and two dusky lines 
extending down the sides to the slightly 
auricled base. The locality is stated to be 
not quite certain, but it is believed to be one 
of M. Forget’s Peruvian introductions. 

EULOPHIA STEWARTL£.—F lowers cream- 
coloured, with deep brown centre. Native of 
South Africa, on marshy ground. 

SIGMATOSTALIX COSTARICENSIS.—Pre- 
sented to Kew by Mr. C. H. Lankester, and 
flowered in October, 1915. The sepals and 
petals are greenish-yellow, with a _ large 
brown blotch about the centre, and the lip 
red-brown, with a deep yellow apex and 
margin. Native of Costa Rica. 

GOMPHICIS TRACEY£.—Allied to G. alba, 
and a native of Colombia. 

CHLORZA ROBUSTA.—Allhied to C. viridi- 
flora, but the lip is obscurely trilobed, and has 
more numerous, stouter crests. Mr. Elwes, 
who obtained it from Chile, remarks that it 
is very similar in colour and habit to C. 
grandiflora and C. Elwesii. 

CHLORZA DENSIFLORA.—Described as a 
tall green-flowered species, having the general 
habit of C. cylindrostachya, but the flowers 
are much smaller, and the lip scarcely 
half as broad and different in shape, while 
the other segments are also considerably 
narrower. Obtained from Chile by Mr. H. J. 
Elwes. 

CHLOREHA  ELWESsIl. — Described as 
“Flowers handsome, green with black veins.” 
Nearly allied to the Patagonian C. magel- 


| June-July, 1916. 


lanica. Native of Chile, found in large tufts 
under Araucarias. H. J. Elwes. 

ASCARA TENUIFLORA.—A native of Chile, 
where a single plant was found in Araucaria 
forest. Allied to A. thermarum, but with 
smaller flowers, and the details of the lp 
different. 


SOPHRO-CATTLEYA REX 
(Orchidhurst variety.) 


Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, of Tun- 
bridge Wells, are to be congratulated in giving 
us this superb hybrid and in taking another 
step forward. Combining all the high 
qualities of its parents, we have here one of 
the most majestic hybrids ever raised. 

Emanating from S.-C. Doris x C. Empress 
Frederick, one would expect something good, 
but hardly of the standard here evolved. The 
constituent parts are made up as follows :— 


S. grandiflora C. aurea 
| | 
| 
S.-C. Doris 
| 


C. Mossiz C. aurea 
| 


| 
C, Empress Frederick 
| 


| 
S.-C. Rex 
(Orchidhurst var.) 


It is pleasing, in a way, to notice that the 
colouring derived from Sophronitis grandiflora 
has not been overshadowed by the influence 
of C. aurea, which, as is seen, enters twice 
into the composition of S.-C. Rex, although 
C. aurea is shown very prominently in the 
gold veining of the throat. C. Mossi, too, 
is distinctly traced in the beautifully fringed 
lip. 

In the coloration of the broad sepals and 
petals it seems to be quite a new departure, 
and what I should describe as a rich crushed 
strawberry, brilliant and sparkling, the lip 
Carmine, merging into deep ruby crimson. A 
remarkable feature of this hybrid is the size 
of the segments, building up a flower quite 
the dimensions of a typical Cattleya. An idea 
of its substance may be conveyed by the term 
“like boards.” Altogether a hybrid of sur- 
passing excellence and worthy of the estab- 


5 on 
lishment from whence it emanates.—H. A. 
Farmer. 


June-July, 1916. | THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 181 


L j Yyfi | 
4 


Epidendrum atropurpureum, var.t roseum. 


EPIDENDRUM ATROPURPUREUM.—This 
species, also known as E. macrochilum, has a 
wide range in Central and South America. It 
was first detected by the travellers Humboldt 
and Bonpland about a century ago; many 
years afterwards it was gathered by Wagener 
and Purdie near Caracas, and by Ure Skinner 
in Guatemala, growing in company with the 
beautiful Cattleya that bears his name. It 
has also been received from Mexico, Panama, 
and Colombia. EE. atropurpureum was first 
introduced by Mr. Horsfall, of Liverpool, in 
whose collection it flowered in 1836. The 
variety roseum was introduced by Mr. Skinner 
from Guatemala, where the flower is known 
among the natives as the Dragon’s Mouth. 
Its flowering time is spring and early summer, 
and the intermediate house with a moist 
atmosphere and temperature of 50—65 
degrees meets its requirements. In the rare 
variety known as album the lip is pure white. 


DENDROBIUM DENSIFLORUM.—A_ very 
fine specimen of this elegant Orchid was at 
one time in the collection of Mr. C. J. Lucas, 
Warnham Court, Sussex. In the year 1882 
it measured over three feet across, and carried 
upwards of sixty spikes, many of which had 
about thirty blooms. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


OpDONTIODA LEO.—This is a_ small- 
flowered hybrid of dull red colour obtained 
by crossing C. Noetzliana with Odonto- 
glossum crinitum, the latter an uncommon 
species and native of Colombia. Raised by 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM ERZERUM.—Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown have raised this cross 
by means of the parents Fascinator and 
crispum Lucianu. A recent example had 
flowers of perfect shape, blotched with red- 
brown. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM ARDENTISPER.—The 
result of crossing ardentissimum and Jasper, 
the pleasing flower of rose-purple colour. 
Raised by Mr. C. J. Lucas, Warnham Court, 
Horsham. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA GEORGE BRANCH— 
The parents are L.-C. bletchleyensis x L.-C. 
G. S. Ball, the result showing various rose 
and purple tints. Raised by Mr. C. J. Lucas, 
Warnham Court, Horsham. 

ODONTIODA TREBIZOND.—Odm. Fasci- 
nator and Oda. Charlesworthu have been 
used in the making of this flower, in colour 
rose-red, with purple blotching. Raised by 
Mr. Geo. W. Bird, West Wickham, Kent. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM TREBIZOND. — The 
result of crossing King Emperor and eximium. 
A charming flower of solid crimson-red colour. 
Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 


182 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM GENERAL TOWNS- 
HEND.—Produced by using King Emperor 
and Wilckeanum, this fine hybrid is blotched 
with red. Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown. 

BRASSO-LLIO-CATTLEYA QUEEN OF 
THE BELGIANS.—This fine hybrid was 
exhibited by Dr. Miguel Lacroze at the 
R.H.S., May 2nd, 1916, when it obtained an 
Award of Merit. The parentage is B.-L. 
Digbyano-purpurata x C. Mendelii Prince of 
Wales. 

SOPHRO-LALIO-CATTLEYA XANTHINA.— 
This pleasing flower of yellow colour has been 
produced by crossing S.-L. Psyche and L.-C. 
Ophir, Messrs. Flory and Black being the 
raisers. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM FARMERI.—This hand- 
some hybrid, the result of crossing King 
Emperor and amabile, has been raised by 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. The example 
which received a Preliminary Commendation, 
R.H.S., May 16th, 1916, had broad segments 
of large size, heavily blotched with reddish- 
brown, the margin white. 

L#&LIO-CATTLEYA SIR MERVYN BULLER. 
--This noble hybrid between L.-C. Temple 
and C. Mossiz has been raised by Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown. An Award of Merit 
was granted to it at the Chelsea Show, 1916. 

ODONTIODA FLORENCE.—Messrs. Charles- 
worth are the raisers of this pretty hybrid 
between Oda. Cooksonize and Odm. Dora, 
and which received an Award of Merit at the 
Chelsea Show, 1916. 

CATTLEYA SORAMIS.—This is the result of 
crossing C. Mendelii and C. Empress Fred- 
erick, Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher being the 
raisers. 

ODONTIODA ORION.—The parents of this 
pleasing result are Odm. Jasper and Oda. 
Charlesworthii, Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher 
being the raisers. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY .— Dr. 
Craven Moore and Dr. F. T. Paul have been 
elected members of the Committee. The 
Secretary is pleased to report that almost all 
the prizes have again been offered for the 
coming session. The complete list will appear 
on the members’ cards in due course. 


{June—July, 1916. 
PHAIUS HUMBLOTII. 


BOUT the year 1880 M. Léon 
x Humblot, a young Frenchman, made 
a perilous journey to the interior of 
Madagascar in search of plants, in company 
with his brother, and some half-a-dozen others 
who were travelling under the auspices of the 
French Government for the purpose of sur- 
veying and for collecting natural history 
specimens. Among the discoveries made by 
Humblot were two species of Phaius, hitherto 
unknown in gardens. Small consignments of 
each were sent to Messrs. Sander and Sons, 
and on flowering in this country one proved 
to be P. tuberculosus, named years previously 
by Blume, while the other was named P. 
Humbloti in honour of its discoverer. 

The flowers, which are about two inches in 
diameter, have the sepals and petals light 
rose-purple suffused with white; the basal 
lobes of the lip reddish-brown passing into 
crimson at the margin; the front lobe rose- 
purple with a whitish centre, on which are 
two large bright yellow teeth pointing 
inwards. The column is slender, bent like a 
swan’s neck, and greenish above. 

Repotting is best accomplished directly the 
plants have passed out of flower, using a 
compost consisting of fibrous loam, peat or 
osmunda fibre, sphagnum moss, with a few 
half-decayed leaves and some coarse sand. 
The best results appear to be achieved when 
the compost is pressed firmly in the pot. A 
fairly high temperature, such that is usually 
to be found in the Phalaenopsis house, 1s 
needed when the plants are in vigorous 
growth. Water must be carefully applied 
when the new growth is in its early stage, but 
during the summer season a greater amount 
may be used, while the atmosphere must also 
be maintained in a moist condition. Propa- 
gation is effected by dividing the rhizome 
between the bulbs, just as is usual with 
Calanthes. 

As may be expected, P. Humblotii can be 
hybridised with the various Calanthes, proof 
of which we have in Phaio-Calanthe Berryana 
(C. masuca x P. Humblotii), while there are 
several hybrids between P. Humblotii and 
other members of the same genus. 


183 


WORLD, 


ORCHID 


ue 


June-July, 1916.] 


Phaius Humblotii. 


184 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


OAK AND BEECH LEAVES. 


HE practice of including a proportion 
al of leaves in the potting compost has 
long been found an advantageous 
method of supplying the necessary food 
material for young and fast-developing seed- 
ling Orchids. Even with fully-grown: plants 
the plain peat and other fibres do not always 
yield the required amount of food, and addi- 
tional matter is supplied by means of clean 
leaves, gathered as they fall in the autumn 
months and stored until needed. Expert 
growers invariably recommend the use of 
oak or beech leaves, no doubt because experi- 
ence proves that these take much longer to 
decay than others, hence their special value in 
maintaining the compost in a firm condition. 

But there is something more to learn about 
the true value of the above-mentioned leaves, 
Unlike other trees, whose leaves give up most 
of their food material before falling off in the 
autumn months, the leaves of the oak and 
beech have the unusual habit of preserving 
in themselves certain substances which are of 
undoubted assistance to the rapid growth of 
seedling Orchids. Dr. Fred. Keeble, in a 
lecture on Plants and the Rhythm of the 
Seasons delivered before the members of the 
Royal Institution, alludes to this interesting 
subject, and from the report published in the 
Gardeners’ Chronicle, May 13th, 1916, we 
extract the following paragraphs : — 

“The fall of the leaf is no mere mischance 
due to the sudden breaking of a stalk rendered 
brittle by the drying of the sap. Weeks before 
the leaf falls preparation is made for this act 
of self-amputation, and the wound which is to 
be made is healed in advance. Cells in the 
stalk begin to grow again, and resume the 
power of division which they possessed in 
their youth. On the side near the base of the 
stalk they form a layer of corky tissue, but 
beyond this layer they form a plate of thin- 
walled cells, and this work is taken in hand 
long before the leaf must fall. The corky cells 
shut off all the leaf beyond from the reach of 
water. Thus the leaf withers, the thin-walled 
cells dry and break apart, andi the leaf is held 
by a mere thread composed of the woody 
vessels which run along the stalk. These 


[ June-July, 1916. 


vessels become so choked with gum and so 
brittle that a breath of wind suffices to detach 
the leaf and bring it to the ground. 

“Yet before this self-amputation of each 
leaf is effected other changes preparing for its 
death have occurred in the leaf. Much of the 
useful material contained therein becomes 
dissolved and travels along the stalk, to be 
stored in the young buds, or near by. 

“Tt is a curious fact that whereas most of 
our broad-leaved trees discard their leaves by 
the formation of this peculiar absciss layer, 
the beech and oak do not. Hence it is that 
their leaves hang longer on the trees, per- 
sisting in sheltered spots even until spring, 
and it is no less curious that it is the leaves 
of oak and beech which make the best leaf- 
mould. This may perhaps be due to the fact 
that the leaves of these two trees not only do 
not practise self-amputation, but also do not 
go through the preliminary emptying-out 
process, and hence contain more salts and 
more organic matter than is left in the withered 
leaves of other trees.” 


ORCHID CATALOGUE.—Messrs. Flory and 
Black have issued an interesting catalogue 
of their stock. It contains a large number of 
desirable things, and is particularly note- 
worthy for the fine selection of Brasso- 
Cattleyas, Brasso-Lelo-Cattleyas, Sophro- 
Cattleyas, Lzelio-Cattleyas, etc., enumerated. 
The choice and varied selection of the above 
offered in an: unflowered state speaks. highly 
for the progressive and up-to-date character 
of this firm, and the high quality of the novel- 
ties exhibited from this collection at the Royal 
Horticultural Society’s exhibitions is a safe 
criterion of what may be expected. We can 
see no finality to the production of finer and 
still finer hybrids, and on reading through the 
lists of the unflowered crosses in this cata- 
logue we were much impressed with the 
intelligently made combinations. 

HoLLanp House SHow.—The Royal 
Horticultural Society will hold its Summer 
Show at Holland House, Kensington, on 
Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, July 4th, 
5th and Oth. 


185 


WORLD. 


ORCHID 


THE 


June-July, 1916. | 


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186 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


ODONTIODA JOAN. 
(Oda. Charlesworthii X Odm. armainvillierense.) 


Mr. Charlesworth sends me a series of 
blooms of this extraordinary variable cross, 
containing the greatest variation I have yet 
seen in any Odontiodas. Analysing its com- 
ponents it cow/d embrace the following distinct 
crosses : — 

C. Noetzhana x O. Harryanum=Oda. 
Charlesworthu. 

C. Noetzhana x O. crispum=Oda. Madeline. 

C. Noetzlana x O. nobile=Oda. Vuyl- 
stekez. 

But it goes much further than this and has 
any number of variants in between all these. 

The extreme range is from a big solid 
crimson flower lke Charlesworthu, with a 
broad Madeline lip, through every shade of 
red and lilac, marbled or self coloured, to a 
still bigger Harryanum-shaped form of a 
lovely lilac-purple self colour, having a fine 
oblong lip almost covered by the same shade. 

The absence of recurving of the segments 
is very marked indeed, almost all trace of this 
having been eradicated by the two white 
species. 

The future of the Reds is far more com- 
plex than anything in Odontoglossums. If all 
of this series of Joan were crossed from one 
plant and the resulting seedlings bloomed in 
quantity it would be an eye-opener for any 
student of hybridity, such as he could never 
explain away by Mendelism or any other 

ism.” 

The red of Cochlhioda Noetzliana, as handed 
down by Oda. Charlesworthii, is, of course, 
the prominent feature in the whole series, and 
if some of them were crossed with a fine Oda. 
Bradshawie the resulting “scarlet crispums ” 
that I once said were only a question of time 
would be only a question of “scores of them,” 
and I daresay it is not very far ahead when 
we count them by dozens in groups as we 
used to count white crispums, then blotched 
ones, then solid coloured ones, and _ lately 
“reds.” When will it be “yellows ”?—de B. 
Crawshay, Rosefield, Sevenoaks. 


[June—July, 1916. 


THE BRACKENHURST COLLECTION.—The 
entire collection of Orchids formed by the 
late Mr. J. Gurney Fowler will be submitted 
by auction on Wednesday, June 2Ist, and 
following days, at Brackenhurst, Pembury, 
near Tunbridge Wells, Messrs. Protheroe and 
Morris being the auctioneers. Many unique 
and valuable plants are included, and the sale 
will doubtless attract considerable attention. 


CATTLEYA PRINCESS——Mr. Clement 
Moore, of Hackensack, N.J., U.S.A., has 
recently flowered in his superb collection a 
beautiful Cattleya hybrid between Trianz 
alba and |_Lueddemanniana alba, which he has 
named Princess Patricia. Fortunately it 
flowered at the time of the great show recently 
held in New York, so he generously presented 
the plant to be sold for the benefit of the Red 
Cross Society. The gold medal which it 
received and a suitable inscription regarding 
the facts were handed to the purchaser. 


AAS 


uy “y 4 

ODONTOGLOSSUM GODMANIL—F lowers of 
this pretty hybrid between Edwardi and 
Rolfez come from the collection of Mr. George 
Hodgson, The Grange, Hemsworth, Wake- 
field. The petals are much broader than 
usually seen in the majority of Edwardu 
crosses, while the blotching is uncommonly 
dark. 


DESTRUCTIVE Mice. — Considerable 


damage has been done this spring in the 
Odontoglossum house of one of the leading 
trade growers, this amounting to the loss of 
several hundred flower spikes at a period 
when the buds were just forming. It was 
discovered that mice were the cause, these 
destructive animals nipping off the whole 
spike in some cases, while in others they com- 
pletely spoilt the spike by pulling off most 
of the buds. Despite all kinds of traps 
nearly two months elapsed before the thieves 
were all arrested. Odontoglossums and 
Odontiodas proved equally attractive to these 
wily plunderers, 


June-July, 1916. | THE ORCHID 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 


April 18th, 1910. 


~ MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), Messrs. 
Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.); Pantia Rall, T. 
Armstrong, R. A. Rolfe and W. H. White. 

At the previous meeting a report was circu- 
lated that there was to be no Orchid Com- 
mittee meeting on April 18th, hence the small 
attendance. 


PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION. 


Odontioda Brackenhurst (Oda. Charles- 
worthi x Odm. eximium), from Messrs. Arm- 
strong and Brown, Tunbridge Wells.— 
Although the plant was small, it carried a 
perfectly-shaped flower of bright rosy-red 
colour, the lip broad and darker. 

Ei. js, Elwes, Esq., ‘Colesborne, -Glos., 
showed a spike of Phaio-Cymbidium Chard- 
warense (P. grandifolius x C. giganteum) with 
yellow flowers, the lip marked with red-brown. 
There is no evidence in this of the Cymbidium 
parent. 

E. Mocatta, Esq., Woburn Place, Addle- 
stone, exhibited a pretty variety of Lelia 
Flaviona (flava x Iona). 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown staged 
Odontoglossum promerens xanthotes, in 
which the white flowers were lightly spotted 
with yellow. Also O. Erzerum (Fascinator x 
crispum Luciani), with a large flower of 
excellent formation, and blotched with red- 
brown. 


May 2nd, 19106. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sik etedcey i Veitch *Gn the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Messrs. Jas. O’Brien 
(hon. sec.), F. J. Hanbury, R. G. Thwaites, 
Pantia Ralli, Walter Cobb, A. McBean, J. 
Charlesworth, W. H. Hatcher, H. G. 
Alexander, J. E. Shill, A. Dye, W. H. White, 
S. W. Flory, C. J. Lucas, Gurney Wilson, 
Stuart Low, R. Brooman-White, de B. Craw- 
shay and R. A. Rolfe. 


WORLD. 187 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Miltonia vexillaria Shrubbery var. (vexil- 
laria chelseaensis x G. D. Owen), from F. 
Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, 
Oxford. Flowers of large size, rose-coloured, 
with darker veining, the lip having a rich 
crimson-purple mask at the base, with 
radiating lines. 

Brasso-Lelio-Cattleya Queen of the 
Belgians, Bryndir var. (B.-L. Digbyano- 
purpurata x C. Mendelu), from Dr. Miguel 
Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton Lane.—This 
plant carried a spike of three large clear white 
flowers, the apical half of the lip being rosy 
lilac, and making a striking contrast to the 
other segments. A fine result. 

Odontioda Gratrixize, Bryndir var. (Oda. 
Charlesworthu x Odm. amabile), from Messrs. 
Flory and Black, Slough—A handsome 
hybrid of dark red colour, but having a 
bronze over-tint. The broad segments well 
displayed, the lip having a yellow crest with 
chestnut brown blotch in front. 

Odontioda Aurora (parentage unrecorded), 
from G. W. Bird, Esq., The Manor House, 
West Wickham, Kent.—A_ beautiful hybrid 
with a spike of four large flowers. The inner 
parts of the sepals and petals are heavily 
marked with red, the margins rose-coloured. 
All the segments of good shape and well 
displayed. 


PRELIMINARY COMMENDATIONS. 


Odontoglossum General Townshend (King 
Emperor x Wilckeanum), from Messrs. Arm- 
strong and Brown, Tunbridge Wells.—A fine 
result, in which the round flower is of a 
peculiar bronzy-red colour. A narrow white 
margin is on all the segments. 

Odontoglossum Erzerum (Fascinator x 
crispum), from Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 
—-A great improvement on the former parent, 
the flower being heavily blotched with claret- 
purple. 

OTHER EXHIBITS. 


F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, 
Oxford, exhibited Muiltonia Violetta, with 
pleasing white flowers, the petals flushed with 
rose, the lip with a purplish base. 


188 THE ORCHID WORLD, 


C. -J. Lucas, Esq, Warnbame sCouct 
exhibited Jzalio-Cattleya George Branch 
(bletchleyensis x G. S. Ball), with pretty 
Howers of varying tints. 

G. W. Bird, Esq., West Wickham, showed 
Odontioda Trebizond (Odm. Fascinator x 
Oda. Charlesworthiu), rose coloured and 
blotched with purple. 

Samuel H. Lane, Esq., Worton Manor, 
Isleworth, exhibited Epidendrum variegatum 
var. coriaceum, with greenish-yellow flowers 
thickly spotted with red. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an exten- 
sive exhibit containing Cattleya Empress 
Frederick; Miltonias Charlesworthi and 
Lyoth; a richly-coloured variety of Cattleya 
Schilleriana; pure white forms of Brasso- 
Cattleyas ; and a varied selection of Odonto- 
glossums. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons obtained a Silver 
Banksian Medal for an exhibit of the rare 
Angrecum infundibulare, the curious Seleni- 
pedium caudatum, Ccelogyne tomentosa, 
various Odontoglossums, and some fine 
varieties of Leelio-Cattleya Aphrodite. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. were awarded 
a Silver Banksian Medal for some fine speci- 
mens of Dendrobium Jamesianum, the rare 
Cattleya Schroder alba Purity, Dendrobium 
Brymerianum, the interesting Arpophyllum 
giganteum, and Cattleya Empress  Fred- 
erick, obtained by crossing Dowiana with 
aurea. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown staged 
Odontioda Royal Gem var. violacea, of deep 
violet tint; Odontoglossum Trebizond (King 
Emperor x eximium), solid  crimson-red 
colour; Od. General Townshend (King 
Emperor x Wilckeanum), blotched with red ; 
Od. Erzerum (Fascinator x crispum), of fine 
shape; Od. Jasper Orchidhurst var.; and 
Odontioda Madeline, yellowish with reddish 
markings. 

Messrs. Flory and Black staged Sophro- 
Leelio-Cattleya xanthina (S.-L. Psyche x 
L.-C. Ophir), an attractive flower of yellow 
colour, several fine varieties of Sophronitis 
grandiflora and an Odontoglossum hybrid of 
promising nature. 


[ June-July, 1916. 


May 10th, 19106. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the chair), Sir 
Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. 
sec.), F. Menteith Ogilvie, Pantia Ralli, 
W. H. White, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, S. 
Flory, C. J. Lucas, J. E. Shill) > J: Hanbury, 
R. A. Rolfe and Gurney Wilson. 


AWARD OF MERIT. 


Miltonia Hyeana “The Shrubbery var.,” 
from F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrub- 
bery, Oxford.—A beautiful result, obtained 
by crossing Bleuana Stevensi with G. D. 
Owen. The white flower has soft rose 
flushing on the base of the petals and a dark 
crimson blotch on the base of the lip. It 
is an improvement on the variety F. M. 
Ogilvie which received an Award of Merit, 
May 18th, 1915. 


PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION. 


Odontoglossum Farmeri (King Emperor x 
amabile), from Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 
—A handsome flower of large size, all th¢ 
segments of good shape, the greater part 
blotched with reddish-brown, the margin 
white. 

OTHER EXHIBITS. 


F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, 
Oxford, received a Silver-gilt Flora Medal 
for a remarkably fine group of choice Orchids, 
every plant being of the highest class and 
well flowered. It contained two plants of 
the fine Odontoglossum crispum Queen 
Empress; the handsome Muiltonia Charles- 
worthii; Miltonia The Bride, of delicate tint ; 
M. vewillaria Lyoth; Cattleya Empress 
Frederick alba, with a spike of three large 
flowers; C. Dusseldorfei Undine; Brasso- 
Cattleya Vilmoriniana, of rich coloration ; 
B.-L.-C. Veitchii, with unusually large, mchly 
coloured flowers; and numerous Odontiodas. 

T. J. Finnie, Esq., Claygate, Surrey, 
exhibited a fine specimen of Catasetum Rodi- 
gasianum, with two many-flowered spikes, in 


June-July, 1916. | THE ORCHID 


colour greenish, profusely spotted with purple- 
brown. 

H. T. Pitt, Esq. Stamford Hill, showed 
Cymbidium lowgrinum Rosslyn variety 
(Lowianum x tigrinum), a richly coloured 
form with two spikes bearing respectively 
seven and nine flowers. 

Go bucas.). Esq. \Warnham Court, 
Horsham, exhibited Odontoglossum  Pan- 
ther and O. 
hybrids. 

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Roehampton, exhibited 
Odontoglossum Dora Bryndir var. with a 
eraceful spike of 13 white flowers effectively 
marked with reddish-purple. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham Hiill, 
staged Odontoglossum Pescatore: “Grand 
Duchess,” an unusually fine flower. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown staged three 
good varieties of the handsome Odonto- 
elossum eximillus. 


ardentisper, both promising 


CHELSEA SHOW. 
May 23, 24 and 25, 1916. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. 
Veitch, Messrs. J. O’Brien, Pantia Ralli, W. 
Bolton, F. Menteith Ogilvie, J. Cypher, C. J. 
Lucas, Stuart Low, W. Cobb, Gurney Wilson, 
iG. Alexander, A: Dye, BR. Ashton; W. 
Wilson Potter, R. Brooman-White, A. 
McBean, S. Flory, W. H. Hatcher, J. E. Shill, 
T. Armstrong, R. A. Rolfe, F. J. Hanbury, 
R. G. Thwaites, W. H. White, J. Charles- 


worth and Clive Cookson. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Odontoglossum ardentissimum memoria J. 
Gurney Fowler.—One of the most remark- 
able plants in the show, and carrying forward 
the singular characteristics of O. crispum 
solum, one of its parents. The spike carried 
five flowers, with occasional circular blotches 
of reddish-crimson; the lip is not quite so 
intensely coloured as seen in crispum solum, 
although it bears a remarkably strong like- 
ness. Exhibited by Miss Louisa Fowler. 

Brasso-Lelio-Cattleya Joan var. Verdun 
(B.-L. Mrs. M. Gratrix x C. Octave Doin), 


WORLD. 189 


from Messrs. Charlesworth and Co.-—The 
yellow of C. aurea, derived through the latter 
parent, 1s carried forward in a marked degree, 
producing a large flower of rich yellow colour, 
and making a striking contrast to the majority 
of Brassavola hybrids. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Leelio-Cattleya Sir Mervyn Buller (L.-C. 
Mrs. Temple x C. Mossiz), from Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown.—One of the finest 
Cattleyas, the spike carrying two extra large 
flowers with broad, erect segments of purple 
colour, the immense labellum much darker, 
with the throat elegantly veined with gold. 

Odontoglossum crispum Aldworthu, from 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean.—A home-raised 
plant of remarkable size and colour. All the 
segments heavily blotched with rich reddish- 
crimson and margined with white. This plant 
was also awarded the Davidson Cup for the 
best Odontoglossum crispum in the show. 

Odontioda Brewn cuprea, from Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co.—This plant carried an 
erect spike of eight flowers of a peculiar 
coppery-red colour, yet having a glistening 
appearance. Very distinct. 

Cattleya Naidia var. luminosa (iridescens 
x Hardyana), from Messrs. Flory and Black. 
—With sepals and petals of soft cerise colour, 
the broad labellum ruby-purple and the throat 
yellow, this pretty hybrid showed an unusual 
combination of effective colouring. 

Miltonia vexillaria var. Frank Reader, from 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown.—A_ noble 
flower of dark rose colour, the labellum 
bearing a ruby-crimson blotch of large size, 
and making one of the chief points of attrac- 
tion in the Gold Medal group staged by this 
firm. 

Odontioda Florence (Oda. Cooksonie x 
Odm. Dora), from Messrs. Charlesworth and 
Co.—A very effective plant with a branched 
spike of 34 flowers, of rosy ground colour 
with scarlet blotching. 


GROUPS. 


Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
Surrey, was awarded a Gold Medal for an 


1g0 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


exceedingly fine exhibit containing many rare 
species as well as beautiful hybrids, all grown 
in excellent style. Mention may be made of 
the handsome Cirrhopetalum — robustum, 
Afrides odoratum album, many choice Den- 
drobiums, the yellow Leelio-Cattleya Glory 
Glory, L.-C. Fascinator var. King Edward 
VII., Miltonia Lambeauiana, Cattleya Men- 
deli. Gatton Park var., of soft blush tint, 
Odontoglossum crispum Mary Colman, O. c. 
Pride of Gatton, as well as Odontioda Brad- 
shawie var. Lady Colman, and the elegant 
Odontioda Colmaniez, with golden-yellow 
flowers blotched with red. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, received a Gold Medal for a most 
effective group, every plant being shown to 
advantage. It contained selected varieties of 
Lzho-Cattleya Canhamiana, the Orchidhurst 
variety of L.-C. Aphrodite, Brasso-Cattleya 
Shiliana, of a pleasing rose-pink colour, 
Leha purpurata Ashton, Odontoglossum 
crispum Lusitania, with a graceful spike of 
12 flowers, round in shape and with reddish 
blotching, numerous Odontoglossum hybrids 
of considerable promise, including O.Aglaon 
Orchidhurst variety, with claret blotching, 
and various Dendrobiums. A special feature 
was the grand Miltonia J. Gurney Fowler, 
with a blackish blotch on the light rose ground 
colour. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. were awarded 
the Wilhams Memorial Medal for an exten- 
sive group in which were many fine examples 
of their well-known hybrids. Among the best 
were Cattleya Tityus, CC.  Schilleriana 
luminata, a wide selection of the beautiful 
Lelio-Cattleya Fascinator, Odontioda Red 
Cross, strong plants of the pretty Odontonia 
Magali Sander xanthotes, Odontoglossum 
Aireworth, O. eximium, Cattleya Mossize 
Wageneri, and several remarkable varieties of 
Miltonias, chief among them being Charles- 
worthiu and Lyoth. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean received a 
Williams Memorial Medal for an effectively 
arranged exhibit containing many choice 
examples of their specialities. |The elegant 
Oncidium MacBeanianum and the rare O. 
superbiens were in conspicuous positions, also 


{ June—July, 1916. 


the finely cultivated Dendrobium Sanderz 
and Cattleya Cowan alba. Lzelio-Cattleya 
Helius, Muiltonia Roezlu alba, Bleta Shep- 
herdu, various Brasso-Cattleyas and a repre- 
sentative selection of Cymbidium hybrids 
were seen to advantage. Some remarkably 
fine Odontiodas were neatly staged. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons obtained a Silver- 
gilt Flora Medal for a comprehensive exhibit 
of species and hybrids. Among the former 
were the handsome Acineta Humboldtu, 
Dendrobium Sander, specially fine, Cymbi- 
dium insigne and Dendrobium Harveyanum. 
Hybrids included Miltonia Hyeana Sunrise, 
Cattleya Magali Sander, and good forms of 
Lelio-Cattleya Fascinator. Special mention 
should be made of Cypripedium Roths- 
childianum magnificum and Miltonia vexil- 
laria scintillans. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. received a 
Silver-gilt Medal for a well-arranged group 
in which were the handsome Brasso-Lzelio- 
Cattleya Triune, L.-C. Domos (Dominyana x 
Mossiz), a fine variety of L.-C. luminosa 
aurea, Oncidiums Marshallianum and macran- 
thum, several plants of the pure white 
Cattleya Dusseldorfei, the rare C. intermedia 
Aquinu, C. Mendel with a peculiar tinge on 
the lip, well-flowered Phalaenopsis amabilis 
and Cattleya gigas Royal Sussex, an immense 
flower. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons obtained a 
Silver-gilt Medal for a fine selection of Den- 
drobiums, including D. Thwaitesiz Veitch’s 
var., and Miltonias, the latter comprising some 
fine forms of M. Bleuana. Ccelogyne pan- 
durata, Maxillaria cruenta with many flowers, 
Masdevallias in profusion, the pretty Lzelia 
cinnabrosa, as well as numerous Lelio- 
Cattleyas, were much admired. Odontioda 
Madeline was seen in perfection. 

Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher received a 
Silver-gilt Banksian Medal for an effectively 
arranged exhibit. In it were many fine forms 
of L.-C. Aphrodite, L.-C. Fascinator, Odonto- 
glossum Rosalind, with golden-yellow flowers, 
O. Tityus, O. Soramis (crispum x Phoebe), 
Cattleya Skinneri alba, Cypripedium Goweri- 
anum magnificum, the rare Lycaste locusta 
Mooreana and Cattleya Soramis. 


June-July, 1916. | THE ORCHID 


Messrs. Flory and Black were awarded a 
Silver Flora Medal for a_neatly-arranged 
exhibit containing many fine varieties of 
L.-C. Gladiator (C. Mossiz x L-.C. callisto- 
glossa), strong plants of Disa Luna and D. 
Blacku. Other gems included Cattleya 
Mossiz var. Peter, a white flower with slaty- 
blue lip, C. Mendel Imogene, Cypripedium 
Shillianum, Chysis bractescens, and Odonto- 
glossum hybrids, of which the best was O. 
promerens var. Lilian. 

Mr. Harry Dixon received a Silver Flora 
Medal for a group containing Odontoglossum 
Ceres with a spike of ten flowers, the interest- 
ing Anguloa Clowesu, Cattleya Mossize 
aurifera, Lycaste macrophylla and Dendro- 
bium Alpha (Regium x euosmum). 

Mr. C. F. Waters obtained a Silver 
Banksian Medal for an exhibit containing 
good Dendrobiums, fine varieties of Odonto- 
glossum crispum, Muiultonia vexillaria, and 
Lelio-Cattleyas. 

Mrs. Norman Cookson exhibited Odonto- 
glossum crispum Millicent bearing a spike of 
sixteen handsomely blotched flowers. 

Chas. Webb, Esq., Oaken Court, Codsall, 
staged Bifrenaria Harrisoniz, with numerous 
flowers. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID 
SOCIETY, 


April 13th, 1916. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. 
Evans, P. Foster, A. R. Handley, A. Hanmer, 
A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, 
S. Swift, Hs Thorp and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to Tom 
Worsley, Esq., Haslingden, and Messrs. 
Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham. Silver Medals 
to Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. and Messrs. 
J. and A. McBean. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum crispum Alport Emperor, 
a large white flower of good substance ; 


WORLD. 19! 


Dendrobium Thwaitesie “West Point var.,” 
4 inches across; Odontioda General Towns- 
hend, a round flower, yellow ground blotched 
with brown. All from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Odontoglossum General Townshend, a 
large round flower heavily blotched with light 
purple; Miltonia vexillaria Worsleyi, a bril- 
liantly coloured flower. Both from Tom 
Worsley, Esq. 

Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes “Cloth 
of Gold,” a large flower of good form with 
bright golden markings. From Mrs. Gratrix. 

Oncidium McBeanianum (superbiens x 
macranthum), a fine flower, showing the 
characteristics of both parents. From Messrs. 
J. and A. McBean. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium His Majesty (Pollettianum x 
Germaine Opoix), Cyp. Alma Gevaert, and 
Odontoglossum promerens “Carter Place 
var.” All from Tom Worsley, Esq. 

Cypripedium Louvanu (aureum == x 
Lathamianum). From Rev. J. Crombleholme. 

Odontoglossum ardentissimum “Haddon 
House var.” From P. Smith, Esq. 

Lycaste Imschootiana aurea (cruenta x 
Skinner1). From Messrs. A. J. Keeling and 
Sons. 


April 27th, 1916. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. 
Hvansj< As i. Elandley, A. Hanmer, J. 
Lupton, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, S. Swift 
and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, and Tom 
Worsley, Esq., Haslingden. Silver Medals 
were awarded to Messrs. Cypher and Sons, 
Cheltenham, and Messrs. Sander and Sons, 
St. Albans. Other exhibitors included O. O. 
Wrigley, Esq., Messrs. J. and A. McBean, 
and Messrs. A. J]. Keeling and Sons. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum Phoebe “ Ashworth’s var.,” 
large flower, intensely spotted; Miltonia 
Charlesworthu “Rossendale,” large flower of 
good colour. Both from R. Ashworth, Esq. 


192 THE ORCHID 


Cattleya Brenda var. Gratrixiz, fine flower 
of good substance, and S.-L.-C. Niobe. Both 
from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Odontioda Brewii var. Nigger, a very dark 
variety, almost black; O. Brewu “Haddon 
House var.,” well-formed flower of good 
colour. Both from P. Smith, Esq. 

Oncidioda Cooksonie splendens, flower of 
the macranthum shape, and a deep red colour. 
From Messrs. J. and A. McBean. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum Aireworth var. Rossen- 


dale; O. Vulturia “ Ashland’s var.” ; Odon- 
tioda Zenobia “Ashlands var.”; and 
Cypripedium caudatum “ Ashlands var.” All 
from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Ruby var. Distinction; O. 
Caroline var. Golden Fleece; Miltonia 
Phalenopsis “Haddon House var.”; and 
Cypripedium niveum var. Fairy Queen. All 
from P. Smith, Esq. 

Miltonia Bleuana “Carter Place var.”; 
Odontoglossum promerens var. Leonie. Both 
from T. Worsley, Esq. 

Odontoglossum  crispum var. 
Queen. From Mrs. Gratrix. 

Cattleya Dominiana “West Point var.” 
From S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Cymbidium Lady Evelyn James. From the 
Hon. Robert James. 

Dendrobium roseum “ Beardwood var.,” 
from Colonel Sir J. Rutherford, Bart. 

Odontioda Joan. From Messrs. Charles- 
worth and Co. 


Virgin 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 


To Mr. C. Findlow, for a plant of Odonto- 
glossum crispum, carrying three spikes on 
one bulb, and with an aggregate of 34 flowers 


and buds. 


May 11th, 1916. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme, Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. C. 
Cowan, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, 
P. Foster, A: Ro Handley, Ay Jo iWeelme; 


WORLD. [June—July, 1916. 


W. Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp, G. 
Weatherby and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to E. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; a Large Silver 
Medal to Messrs. Cypher and Sons; and a 
Silver Medal to Messrs. Sander and Sons. 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. and Messrs. 
A. J. Keeling and Sons also exhibited choice 
Orchids. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontioda Zenobia var. Ashworthiz, a full 
round flower of good colour ; Odontoglossum 
Aireworth var. Ashworthie, large flower 
with beautiful markings; Multonia vexillaria 
var. Rossendale, the most highly coloured of 
the section. All from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium gloriosum (Holdenu x cal- 
losum Sander); Odontoglossum crispum 
xanthotes var. Snow Queen. Both from Tom 
Worsley, Esq. 

Brasso-Lelio Digbyano-purpurata “West 
Point var.,” flower of good shape and brilhiant 
colour. From S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Odontioda Red Cross var. The Captain, of 
even colour and with well-set lip. From P. 
Smith, Esq. 

Brasso-Cattleya Apollo var. Rhodesia, a 
fine large flower, beautiful shape. A home- 
raised seedling. From H. Thorp, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Mendeli var. Brightness ; Odonto- 
glossum crispum “Peter Pan,” O. crispum 
xanthotes “Madge,” and Cypripedium 
Rowena var. The Ghurka. All from P. Smith, 
sq: 

Odontioda Brewn var. Rembrandt. From 
R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontioda Schréderiana var. Khaki King. 
From T. Worsley, Esq. 


The Annual Meeting of the Society was 
held at 2.30 p.m., the Rev. J. Crombleholme 
presiding, and the prizes were presented to 
the successful exhibitors. 


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H THE ORCHID WORLD 

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VoL. 6. -— No.9: Gees AucusT, 1916. CAS 


NOES: 


LALIA ANCEPS HILLIANA.—A fine speci- 
men of this plant was exhibited by the late 
Sir Trevor Lawrence at the Royal Horticul- 
tural Society, February 10th, 1885. It was 
grown on a flat trellis, about a yard square, 
and bore no fewer than 24 spikes. This 
variety has rather narrow white sepals and 
petals, and a lip tinged with rose. 


¢y ey 
¥y = 2 


LALIA MAJALIS.—This beautiful Mexican 
species is so seldom cultivated with any 
measure of success that but few amateurs 
have ever seen its large rosy-lilac blooms, 
some 6 inches in diameter, with the expansive 
front lobe of the labellum prettily veined with 
lavender-pink upon a silvery-white ground. 
Mr. L. D. Hyland, of Woodlands, St. Albans, 
cultivates it with considerable success, and a 
flower which he kindly sends measures more 
than 7 inches in width, with all the segments 
developed to an extent rarely seen in this 
refractory subject. In its native country it 
has been found by one collector “ growing on 
oaks, and especially in places where the wind 
is constantly blowing,” so doubtless this 
species likes an exposed position. Mr. 
Hyland grows his plants on oak _ blocks 
exposed to full sunshine, and it is to this 
special treatment that they respond so readily 
when the flowering season arrives in each 
successive year. 


¥y ¥y ¥y 


CIRRHOPETALUM ROBUSTUM.—A remark- 
able example of the genus Cirrhopetalum was 
seen in Messrs. Sander and Sons’ exhibit at 
the Holland House Show, 1916, this being a 
superb plant of C. robustum, carrying 10 
strong spikes, each with 12—15 large flowers 


VOL. VI. 


of greenish-yellow colour tinged with purplish- 
red in the centre; the fleshy lip deep red- 
purple, and the column dull yellow. The 
Orchid Committee awarded a _ Cultural 
Commendation. An illustration and descrip- 
tion of this species appeared in the ORCHID 
WORLD, Vol. V., page 235. 


4¥ 4 a 


COCKROACHES AND ORCHID PAINTINGS. 
—On the day preceding the sale of the late 
Mr. J. Gurney Fowler’s Orchids a number of 
paintings were arranged along the corridor of 
the Orchid houses in order that intending 
purchasers might obtain an idea of the fine 
varieties offered. Greatly to the surprise of 
the early visitors on the morning of the sale 
it was discovered that several cockroaches 
had been busy during the night devouring the 
purple pigment, which they selected in 
preference to other colours. Several Odonto- 
glossums had lost much of their purple 
blotching, while among the Cattleyas portions 
of the richly coloured labellums had become 
almost white. Although it is known that these 
beetles frequently devour portions of the real 
flowers, we do not suggest that they believed 
the paintings, realistic as they were, to be 
alive also, more possibly they found some- 
thing agreeable to their taste in the purple 
pigment and accordingly spent the night in 
feasting. 

wy wy wy 

ONCIDIUM HASTATUM.—Flowers of this 
rare species come from Mr. Walter R. Scott, 
South Moor, Stanley, Durham. O. hastatum 
was first introduced from Mexico by Messrs. 
Loddiges in 1837, a few years later it was 
described by Bateman in his “ Orchidacee of 
Mexico and Guatemala,” although under the 


25 


i94 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Odontoglossum. Reichenbach, in 
1873, described it as Oncidium stelligerum, 
under which name it has appeared in several 


genus 


collections of the past. The spike is generally 
4—5 feet long, with short distant branches 
each bearing 3—4 flowers, about 14 inches in 
diameter, of chocolate-brown colour, bordered 
and barred with light yellow-green. Concern- 
ing this species Messrs. Veitch remark :— 
“The aspect of O. hastatum when in flower 1s 
remarkable; its long loose panicles, over 
which its star-like flowers are not very 
thickly scattered, are made attractive by the 
surprising variety of colours, some of strong 
contrast, to be seen in each flower. We know 
of no Orchid in which this peculiarity is more 
apparent.” : 

4 


cS 
Ne 
Ke 


REGISTERED ORCHIDS.—A correspondent 
wishes to know if there are any means of 
registering a particular variety, so that in the 
event of the plant being divided and the stock 
distributed it may be possible for subsequent 
purchasers to ascertain the genuineness of any 
This is a matter which 
presents some difficulty, for although a certain 
plant is highly prized by its owner, perhaps 
because it bears his own or a relation’s name, 


so-called portions. 


it may not be considered worthy of an award 
by any of the recognised committees, hence 
there 1s often no means of verification. The 
R.H.S. have a rule that all Orchids receiving 
a F.C.C. or A.M. must be duly recorded by 
means of a painting, executed at the expense 
of the Society, and in cases where the 
owner does not grant reasonable facility for 
obtaining the painting the award is with- 
drawn. The Manchester Orchid Society 
preserves painting's of only the F.C.C. varie- 
ties, the owner of the plant bearing the cost 
of presenting a true painting to the Society. 
Now in the case of species that have been 
before the public for a long period, as, for 
example, Odontoglossum crispum, the stand- 
ard adopted by the committees is necessarily 
very high, and additional awards are only 
granted to specially meritorious varieties, 
hence many beautiful forms fail to receive 
official recognition, and thus miss formal 


[August, 1916. 


registration. Considering the above circum- 
stances, it would meet the wishes of not a few 
Orchidists if the R.H.S. could arrange to 
preserve any paintings of uncertificated 
varieties which owners might desire to send, 
although it would be necessary that a living 
flower should also be sent in order that the 
veracity of the painting might be proved 
before its official acceptance. A small fee of, 
say, 2s. 6d. might be made to cover any 
expense incurred. 


¥y “y ¥y 


Epidendrum prismatocarpum. 


EPIDENDRUM  PRISMATOCARPUM.— Visi- 
tors to the recent R.H.S. Summer Show at 
Holland Park were agreeably surprised to 
find a magnificent specimen of Epidendrum 
prismatocarpum standing at the end of the 
principal Orchid groups. Probably never 
before has such a handsome plant of this 
species been seen, the numerous bulbs were 
evenly distributed, the foliage ina remarkably 
healthy condition, and the 47 many-flowered 
spikes created a most attractive picture. The 
exhibitor, Mr. F. Menteith Ogilvie, well 
deserved the congratulations he received for 
his noteworthy exhibit, the more so because 
but few growers take so keen an interest in 
their plants as does this well-known amateur. 
To his able cultivator, Mr. W. Balmforth, 
praise 1s also due, and the awarding of a Silver 
Lindley Medal met with general satisfaction. 
The number of hybrids now seen in most 
collections prevents much space being given 


August, 1916. | 


to the cultivation of large plants, but where 
opportunities exist some attempt should be 
made to produce specimens, for many of our 
old-time species are really handsome plants 
when brought to the fine state of perfection 
seen in Mr. Ogilvie’s exhibit. E. prismato- 
carpum is a native of Central America, where 
it was discovered by Warscewicz in 1849 at 
an altitude of 4—5,000 feet. The specific 
name is said to refer to the three sharp angles 
of the short ovary. The sepals and petals 
are pale greenish-yellow, spotted with dark 


purple, the lip yellow and rose. 
wy ¥y wy 


Oncidium varicosum. 


ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM.—This _ popular 
plant first became known to Lindley about 
the year 1837, through a specimen in the 
herbarium of Martius, which had _ been 
gathered in Brazil by Prince Maximilian. It 
was introduced to European gardens by M. 
de Jonghe, through Libon, who had redis- 
covered it in 1840 growing on the trunks of 
large trees in the neighbourhood of Yta, in 
the province of Sao Paulo. M. de Jonghe, 
in 1848, presented a plant to the Horticultural 
Society of London, which flowered in the 
Society’s garden at Chiswick in the following 
year, the first occasion of its flowering in this 
country. The variety Rogersii first appeared 
in the collection of Dr. Rogers, of East Grin- 
stead, who exhibited it at a meeting of the 
Royal Horticultural Society, November, 1868, 
when it was generally recognised as one of 
the finest Oncidiums then seen. The specific 
name, from varex, a swollen vein, was 
suggested by the ring of varicose veins around 
the crest of the labellum. 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 195 


Cypripedium debile. 


curious 


CYPRIPEDIUM DEBILE.— This 
Cypripedium is so unlike the plants we are 
accustomed to see under this familiar generic 
name that it might at first sight be regarded 
as a monstrosity. The above photograph 
shows C. debile flowering in the collection of 
Mao W. ER St. @umtin, Scampston Hall, 
Rillington, York, who makes a special study 
of these rare, but nevertheless interesting, 
plants. A native of Japan, this species has an 
erect glabrous stem, on the summit of which 
are two subcordate leaves, while the flower- 
stalk is produced in a feeble drooping style, 
from which the specific name is derived. A 
noteworthy feature is the long linear bract 
springing from near the base of the ovary. 
Some idea of the necessary treatment may be 
gained from the fact that this plant is growing 
in a pot filled with sandy peat, while another 
has done well for the last two years in a cold 
greenhouse border composed of sand and 
leaf-soil, and would apparently have flowered 
had it not been accidentally injured. 


ORCHID LECTURE.—An Orchid lecture, 
illustrated by lantern slides, will be given by 
Mr. Gurney Wilson at the Royal Horticul- 
tural Society, Tuesday, August 15th, 1910. 


196 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[August, 1916. 


Odontoglossum Insleayi. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM INSLEAYI.—The bulbs 
and leaves of this plant resemble closely those 
of the better known O. grande. The sepals 
and petals are pale greenish-yellow barred 
with reddish-brown; the lp bright yellow 
bordered with a belt of red spots. In the 
variety splendens the flowers are larger, 
especially the lip; in the variety aureum the 
red blotches are absent. O. Insleayi was 
introduced by Mr. Barker, of Birmingham, 
about the year 1838, through his collector, 
Ross, who met with it in the neighbourhood 
of Oaxaca in Mexico. In 18660 it was 
imported in quantity by Messrs. Low and Co., 
who were also the introducers of the variety 
splendens. The specific name was given by 
Mr. Barker, in compliment to Insleay, his 
gardener, at the time of its introduction. A 
warm position in the Odontoglossum house, 
with slightly more light than usually given to 
the genus suits its requirements. The plant 
enjoys a certain period of rest during the 
winter season, when only sufficient water to 
prevent the bulbs shrivelling will be required. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— 
Meetings of the Society will be held on 
August Ist, 15th and 29th, September 12th 
and 20th. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM ASTILBE. 
(tripudians x crispo-Harryanum. ) 


For the purposes of analogy I made this 
cross to watch the resulting parallelism to the 
crispum Harryanum line of hybrids. The 
result is almost identical in the progression 
and reversion respectively. 

The sepals are basically yellow, which 
forms a narrow margin around them; the 
front and backs are overlaid by rose colour, 
and the inner two-thirds heavily covered by 
a lilac shaded brown marbling ; in the dorsal 
sepal it is almost solid. 

The petals have a similar arrangement of 
colour, but are more marbled than solid as 
regards the llac-brown. The lip is white, 
tinged with a lilac suffusion, the lower half 
covered by minute spots of deep lilac. Crest 
and column bright yellow. 

The evidence of tripudians is very strong 
in the shade of lilac in the lip. The petals 
are in flatter plane with the sepals, owing to 
the influence of crispum, than in Astarte, 
which is tripudians and Harryanum, and in 
whose sepals and petals the heavy brown is 
almost absolutely solid. The Harryanum 
influence in the general form is also very 
evident.—de B. Crawshay, July 2nd, 1916. 


August, 1916. | Cit Orme EID  VWiOR Dl: 197 


Orchids flowering in the collection of Baron K. Ijuin, Tokio, Japan. 


A JAPANESE COLLECTION—The _ popu- 
larity of Orchid cultivation is by no means 
confined to England, or even Europe, practi- 
cally every civilised country can now boast of 
several important collections. Our repro- 
duced photograph is a view taken in one of 
the Orchid houses of Baron K. juin, 31 Mita, 
Shiba, Tokio, Japan, as it appeared in March, 
1916. In the foreground are several beautiful 
varieties of Lycaste Skinneri, including the 
pure white form, and various Cypripediums, 
all in vigorous condition. There are several 
healthy plants of Phalzenopsis Schilleriana, 
with their conspicuous silvery mottled foliage 
and many-flowered spikes. Dendrobiums of 
the nobile section, as well as one which 
appears to be D. undulatum, are also in 
flower, while there are some hybrids of 
Brassavola Digbyana and several Cattleyas. 


Wie) eV I 


At the back is a strong plant of the stately 
Phauus grandifolius, with a tall and erect spike 
of flowers. 


L#LIO-CATTLEYA DomMos.—Of the many 
Cattleyas raised during recent years, one of 
the most promising is L.-C. Domos (L.-C. 
Dominiana x C. Mossiz), which carries 
forward all the rich coloration of the former 
parent as well as the wide petals and prettily 
shaped labellum of C. Mossiz. This combina- 
tion of the three species, aurea, purpurata and 
Mossiz, evidently produces a hybrid of robust 
constitution, judging from the large flower of 
an unusually fine variety sent to us by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons. 


26 


198 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


{August, 1916. 


Cypripedium Lucifer (Niobe X Hera). 


Presented by Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., to the R.H.S. 
Red Cross Sale, where it realised 26 gns. 


R.H.S. RED CROSS SA EE, 


Red Cross Sale organised by the 

Royal Horticultural Society those 
kindly presented by Lieut.-Col. Sir George 
Holford, K.C.V.O., were of outstanding 
merit, the 18 plants realismg the handsome 
sum of £284 13s. The following items are of 
interest :—Lelio-Cattleya Golden Beauty, 30 
ens.; L.-C. Golden Glory, 10 gns.; Cattleya 
Triane Mooreana, 15 gns.; C. Warscewiczii 
Low’s var., 32 gns.; C. Triane Imperator, 
10 gns.; Brasso-Cattleya The King, 50 
gns.; Cymbidium Parishu Sandere, 7 gns.; 


A MONG the many Orchids sent to the 


C. Lowianum Pitt’s var., 10 gns.; Odonto- 
glossum Pescatorei Lady Holford, 12 gns. ; 
O. crispum Magnum Bonum, 15 gns.; 
Miltonia vexillaria Snowflake, 25 gns.; and 
Cypripedium Lucifer, 26 gns. 

The choice Orchids contributed by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons were as follows :—Cattleya 
Fabia alba, 10 gns.; C. Snow Queen, 73 gns.; 
C. Magali Sander, 8$ gns.; C. Fabia 
ignescens, 7 gns; C. Cooksoniz alba, 64 gns.; 
and C. Suzanne Hye de Crom, 6 gns. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. sent several 
fine varieties, of which the best were Brasso- 
Cattleya Cliftonii, 7$ gns.; Miltonia Charles- 
worthu, 73 gns.; Odontoglossum crispum 


August, 1916. | THE 


Queen Empress, 11 gns.; and O. crispum 
xanthotes, 5 gns. 

Many select Orchids were contributed by 
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., among them 
being Odontoglossum crispum Rosy Queen, 
10 gns.; Cattleya Trianze Emperor, £3; 
Lelia anceps waddonensis, 2 gns.; and 
Odontioda Bradshawie, very fine variety, 
14 gns. 

Mrs. Norman Cookson kindly sent Odonto- 
glossum crispum Millicent, 5 gns.; O. 
crispum Franz Masereel, 9 gns.; O. crispum 
Leonard Perfect, 11 gns.; and Odontioda 
Bradshawize Cookson’s variety, 5$ gns. 

The rarities contributed by Messrs. J. and 
A. McBean included Leelio-Cattleya Helius, 
34 gns.; Cattleya Mabel, 7 gns.; C. Cowanie 
alba, 6 gns.; another plant of the same, 
poons.,.C. Breuda,. 7 onsi 5 and Sophro- 
Cattleya Pearl, 34 gns. 

Mr. W. G. Groves sent two grand speci- 
mens of Odontoglossum coronarium  chiri- 
quence, 6 -ens. and 3, ens, ; \Mr, Clive 
Cookson contributed Cypripediums, of which 
C. Alcibiades illustre was sold for 4 gns.; 
Mr. Wm. Thompson sent Cypripedium 
Alabaster, 64 gns.; C. Thunderer, 4} gns.; 
and C. Carola, 4 gns. 

Among the other contributors of Orchids 
we many mention Mr. Leopold de Roths- 
child, Mr. and Mrs. S. Gratrix, Mr. Fred. J. 
Hanbury, Mr. G. F. Moore, Messrs. Arm- 
strong and Brown, Messrs. J. Cypher and 
Sons, Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, Mr. E. 
R. Ashton, Mr. de B. Crawshay, Mr. Eustace 
F. Clark, Mr. Wm. Bolton and Messrs. Flory 
and Black. 

A large collection of Orchid paintings 
contributed by Mr. J. Leemann realised £20. 
Mr. F. Menteith Ogilvie generously sent £50 
towards the funds, and Mr. O. O. Wrigley 45. 

The sale was held in the R.H.S. Hall, 
June 27th, 28th and 20th, the auctioneers 
being Messrs. Protheroe and Morris, who 
kindly gave their services. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY.—Meet- 
ings of the Society will be held on August 3rd, 
17th, and September 7th, 21st, 1916. 


ORCHID WORLD. 199 


FERTILISATION OF 
MASDEVALLIAS. 


HE following note is taken from the 
Ae Genus Masdevallia by Miss F. H. 
Woolward and Consul F. dH. 
Lehmann:—“So little is known of the 
methods of fertilisation of Masdevallia flowers 
in a wild state, or of the insects which pro- 
bably effect it, that we can only surmise the 
uses of the structural peculiarities to be 
observed in the different species. Only the 
closest attention, night and day, in the natural 
habitat of the plants, could elucidate this 
obscure subject. The mossy hairs on the stem 
of M. muscosa, each tipped with a tiny drop 
of viscid matter, may be supposed to act as 
a protection against the incursions of crawling 
insects, while the sensitive and mobile lip, 
closed by night and open during the day, 
shows that the insect necessary for the 
fertilisation of this flower must be a diurnal 
one. In the flowers of M. elephanticeps the 
strong odour of tainted meat, given out 
especially towards evening, may be intended 
to allure some kind of nocturnal fly or beetle. 
Honey is contained in the nectarines at the 
base of the lip in many species of the 
Coriacee section, and probably forms an 
attraction to bees or moths, which, in insert- 
ing their proboscis into the depths of the 
flower, would easily remove the pollinia and 
would then transport them to the flowers of 
another plant. In other species the texture 
of the whole flower, or of some especial part, 
is Juicy and succulent, and possibly acts as an 
allurement to insects. The internal organs of 
the flowers of the Coccinee section are 
extremely small, scarcely visible within the 
deep narrow sepal-tube, but the broadly- 
extended sepals are brilliantly coloured for 
the attraction of insects, which, after alighting 
upon them, would perhaps discover the curious 
viscid substance to be found in the angle of 
the petals, and in attempting to reach this, 
or in struggling to escape from the narrow 
trap into which they had forced their way, 
must inevitably carry away the _pollinia, 
repeating the same manceuvres in the flowers 
of other plants. 


200 LAE VORGHIMD 


CATTLEYA MOSSIAE 
McMORLANDII. 


HE cultivation of Cattleya Mossie has 
if always been a matter of some diffi- 
culty, for notwithstanding every care 
and attention it is a rare event indeed 
to see plants of this beautiful species growing 
with the same vigour as its near relations, C. 
Triane and C. Mendelu. In days gone by, 
when the nature of Orchids was much less 
understood than it is at present, frequent 
importations were the only means whereby a 
healthy stock of C. Mossiz could be main- 
tained, hence of the many varieties that have 
been described very few now exist to remind 
us of the past. 

For this reason the exhibiting of C. Mosse 
McMorlandu by Messrs. Flory and Black at 
the Royal Horticultural Society, June 6th, 
1910, was a noteworthy event, for the history 
of this plant dates back to the year 1862, 
when B. S. Williams described it in the 
second edition of his “Orchid Manual,’ and 
when Mr. E. McMorland possessed a fine 
collection at Haverstock Hull. 

When, in 1881, Robert Warner published 
his “Third Series of Select Orchidaceous 
Plants” he selected C. Mossiaza McMorlandu, 
along with two others, as the subject for Plate 
XVI., and in the accompanying description we 
find: “The three varieties we now figure, 
which are amongst the finest we have seen, 
were grown and flowered in the Broomfield 
(R. Warner’s) collection many years ago, in 
1864, and their portraits were then secured. 
At that time there were six hundred blooms 
to be seen in one house. C. Mossiz McMor- 
landu has beautiful light rose sepals and 
petals, and the upper part of the lip is of a 
rich golden-yellow, paler in the central 
portion, yellowish and finely fringed at the 
front and margin. It was exhibited at the 
Regent’s Park Exhibition many years ago by 
Mr. McMorland.” 

C. Mossiza McMorlandii, or a portion of it, 
passed into the possession of Messrs. Veitch 
and Sons at an early date, and was exhibited 
by them at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
June 10th, 1879, when it received a First- 
class Certificate. When the plant flowered in 


WORLD. [August, 1916. 


the year 1902 the Orchid Committee decided 
to have a painting made for inclusion in the 
Society’s collection, and to bear the record: 
“Flower supplied by Messrs. Veitch from 
part of the original plant.” 

The entire stock of Orchids cultivated by 
Messrs. Veitch and Sons has been purchased 
by Messrs. Flory and Black, who availed 
themselves of the first opportunity to exhibit 
this historic plant when it flowered in June of 
the present year. A comparison of the flower 
with the painting executed in 1804 proves 
how correctly the artist accomplished his 
work. 


VUYLSTEKEARA COLMANIL. 


was exhibited at the Holland House 

Show by Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., 
in whose collection at Gatton Park it has 
been raised by Mr. J. Collier. It comprises 
the three genera Cochlioda, Muiltonia and 
Odontoglossum, and thus comes under the 
section Vuylstekeara, of which the only 
two previously recorded examples are V. 
Hyeana (Cochloda Neetzliana x Odontonia 
Lairessez), flowered by M. Jules Hye in 
1912, and V. insignis (Miltonia Bleuana x 
Odontioda Charlesworthu) exhibited by Mr. 
F. Lambeau in 1914. 

The parents of V. Colmanu are Miltonia 
Warscewiczu and Odontioda Bradshawie (C. 
Neetzliana x O. crispum), these, curiously 
enough, including the same three species 
used in the making of V. Hyeana, this being 
Cochlioda Noetzliana x Odontonia Lairessez 
(M. Warscewiczu x O. crispum). 

V. Colmanu carried a branched spike of 
22 flowers, the sepals and petals, which 
extend backwards towards the ovary, are of 
light rose-red colour, while the comparatively 
large labellum bears the characteristic 
shining blotch of M. Warscewiczii and carries 
an orange-coloured crest. 

The hybridist is mainly responsible for the 
pleasing novelties exhibited at the R.H.S. 
meetings, and in the above plant an inter- 
esting as well as a decorative hybrid has been 
produced. 


T_T = very interesting trigeneric hybrid 


August, 1916. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 201 


WILLIAMS MEMORIAL MEDAL. 


Medal to two exhibitors at the 

Chelsea Show recalls a man who in 
his time accomplished much valuable work 
towards the popularity and good cultivation 
of Orchids. Although B. S. Williams died 
twenty-six years ago, he is still remembered 
by the few Orchidists who can claim to go 
back to those early days of struggles and 
difficulties ; but to the vast number of present- 
day amateurs his name and work are practi- 
cally unknown, hence a few brief particulars 
may not prove unwelcome. 

B. S. Willams, the fourth son of James 
Williams, of Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire, was 
born in 1822, and began his gardening career 
at the age of fourteen, when he worked under 
his father, then in charge of the garden of 
John Warner, a famous Orchidist. After 
three years he sought work elsewhere, but 
soon returned to his father at Hoddesdon, 
where he acted as foreman of the fruit and 
vegetable garden It was not long before he 
accepted an appointment as Orchid grower 
to C. B. Warner, and then the name of B. S. 
Williams came rapidly to the front. It has 
been stated that previous to the year 1848 no 
less than 23 gold and 12 silver medals were 
gained by Willams’ skill. The old saying 
that nothing succeeds like success came true 
in the history of this able cultivator. In 1854 
he commenced business for himself at Hollo- 
way, where for many years he carried on an 
extensive trade in Orchids. 

Williams’ most important work, and one by 
which he will always be remembered, was his 
series of articles on “ Orchids for the Million,” 
contributed to the Gardeners’ Chronicle in 
1851, and subsequently published as the 
“Orchid Manual,” with descriptions of more 
than 260 of the best Orchids then in cultiva- 
tion. The second edition, to which some fifty 
pages of new matter were added, was 
published in 1862. A third edition, in which 
700 species and varieties were described, 
came out in 1868, a fourth in 1871, and the 
fifth in 1877. Continued success caused the 
sixth edition to be much enlarged and to 


7 HE awarding of the Williams Memorial 


VOL. VI. 


appear in 1885. In May, 1894, the seventh 
and greatly enlarged edition was published 
by Williams’ only son, and this has ever since 
been regarded as a _ reference book of 
considerable value. The “ Orchid Album,” 
commenced in 1881, was another important 
work brought out by B. S. Williams. 

The announcement of the death of B. S. 
Williams, which took place in June, 1890, was 
received with considerable regret, and during 
the remainder of the year a committee of 
prominent horticulturists considered the best 
means whereby his name might be _per- 
petuated. Part of the sum of money raised 
was devoted to forming the Williams 
Memorial Fund, the interest on which is used 
by the Royal Horticultural Society to defray 
the cost of medals. The original Willams 
Medal was large and anything but handsome, 
and this is probably the reason why the 
Society has refrained from awarding it during 
recent years. However, an entirely new 
design is now in use, and the granting of two, 
both struck in gold, at the last Chelsea Show 
marks what, we earnestly hope, will be a 
regular issuing of this much valued and 
historic prize. The two recipients were 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. and Messrs. J. 
and A. McBean. 

At the Holland House Show it was 
awarded to Messrs. Sander and Sons, Messrs. 
Stuart Low and Co., and Messrs. Mansell and 
Hatcher. 


ONCIDIUM GARDNERI.—A flower of this 
uncommon Orchid comes from Mr. H. Lakin, 
of Pleck, Walsall, Staffs, who discovered it 
among some imported plants of Oncidium 
Forbesii. Originally described by Lindley in 
1843, this plant was at first thought to be a 
species, but is now regarded as a_ natural 
hybrid of On. Forbesi, the other parent 
probably being On. dasytyle. The expansive 
flat labellum of bright yellow colour, with 
reddish-brown markings on the outer area 
and crimson near the crest, is the chief feature. 
The sepals are only visible when the flower is 
viewed from the back, 


27 


202 THE ORCHID 


WILSONARA __INSIGNIS. 


T is to the hybridist that we look for 
| novelties to maintain the keen interest 
now being taken in Orchids; without 
some occasional surprise the meetings of the 
R.H.S. and M.O.S. would soon lose much of 
the attractiveness they now present to Orchid 
enthusiasts in England, as well as indirectly 
to horticulturists throughout the world. To 
some amateurs the extended advance so far 
achieved by hybridists is a source of bewilder- 
ment, yet to others these results appear but 
the foundation work of what is to come. 
Compared with other plants the raising of 
hybrid Orchids is always a tedious occupa- 
tion, nevertheless, the individual who engages 
himself in the task places so much confidence 
in the ultimate success of his work that no 
amount of patience and careful attention seem 
too great to lavish upon the undertaking. 

When the first Odontioda made its appear- 
ance in 1904, hybridists immediately took 
advantage of the wide area for future work 
created by mating the two genera Odonto- 
glossum and Cochlioda; and now, to the 
satisfaction of one and all, Odontiodas are 
almost as plentiful as they are beautiful. 

Odontoglossum and Oncidium were con- 
nected by the raising of Odontocidium 
Fowlerianum, which flowered in the autumn 
of 1911, the parents being Od. cirrhosum and 
On. Forbesu. About five others have since 
been raised. 

Oncidioda Charlesworthn, the result of 
crossing Cochlioda Noetzhana with Oncidium 
incurvum, 1s noteworthy for being the first 
hybrid between these two genera. It flowered 
in August, 1910, when the R.H.S. Scientific 
Committee awarded the raisers, Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co. a Certificate of 
Appreciation. 

The generic names Odontioda, Odonto- 
cidium and Oncidioda denote in themselves 
the respective elements which they contain. 
Each being composed of two, and not more, 
genera they are technically known as 
bigeneric hybrids. In these three instances 
the generic names of the parents are carried 
forward in an abbreviated manner. But as 
the work of the hybridist proceeds and more 


WORLD. 


[August, 1916. 


| 


Oncidioda Charlesworthii. 


than two genera are united it would not be 
possible to maintain this system unless 
cumbersome names, such as Odontocidioda, 
were constructed, and even longer and 
more complicated appellations for hybrids 
containing four genera. 


August, 1916. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 203 


Ocontoglossum iliustrissimum. 


To overcome this difficulty, the International 
Congress of Botany held at Brussels, 1910, 
formulated a rule that multigeneric hybrids 
should receive a conventional generic name, 
preferably that of a man connected with 
Orchidology, to which is added the termina- 
tion ara. This explains the origin of the 
name Wilsonara insignis applied to the 
trigeneric hybrid between Oncidioda Charles- 
worthu and Odontoglossum  illustrissimum 
which has been raised by Messrs. Charles- 
worth and Co., and exhibited by them at the 
Royal Horticultural Society, June 6th, 1916, 
when the plant obtained an Award of Merit 
from the Orchid Committee and the raisers 
were awarded a Certificate of Appreciation 
by the Scientific Committee. The specific 
hame insignis signifies the noteworthy 
character of this interesting hybrid. 

W. insignis resembles the Oncidioda parent, 
although the flowers are much larger, being 
24 inches in width. The spike carried 10 


pretty flowers with purplish-claret-red sepals 


WILSONARA INSIGNIS.—For kind permis- 
sion to use the adjoining block of Wilsonara 
insignis we are indebted to the Editors of the 
Gardeners’ Chronicle. 


bards. Aron 


204 THE ORCHID 'WORLD.: 


and petals, the whitish lip marked with rose- 
lilac on the broad shoulders and wide apex, 
while the centre is occupied by a solid rose- 
lilac blotch, the area surrounding the yellow 
crest having a varnished appearance. Viewed 
from the back the central area of the sepals 
and petals is silvery-white. 

As Wilsonara will include all future com- 
binations of the three genera Cochlioda, 
Odontoglossum and Oncidium, many distinct 
and interesting results are anticipated. 
Hybrids between Cochlioda and Odonto- 
glossum are now numerous and well-known, 
consequently it will be from the Oncidiums 
that novelties of the future will be derived. 
Of the Oncidiodas none is finer than O. 
Cooksonie (C. Noetzliana x O. macranthum), 
and when this is combined with some of the 
finest Odontoglossums many glorious hybrids 
will surely be produced. 

Although Cochlioda Neetzliana produces 
beautiful scarlet and red hybrids, there are 
occasions when the yellow situated in the 
under part of the flower of this species comes 
to the surface, and yellowish Odontiodas are 
produced, notably in varieties of Oda. Joan 
(Oda. Charlesworth x Odm. ardentissimum) 
and Oda. Madeline (Oda. Charlesworthu x 
Odm. crispum). If Oncidioda Cooksonize 
were crossed with similar Odontoglossums 
doubtless it would behave in a like manner, 
perhaps in an even more definite style, seeing 
that the yellow Oncidium macranthum 1s also 
included in the parentage. No doubt the 
surest method of obtaining large flowered 
Wilsonaras of yellow colour would be to cross 
Oncidioda Cooksonie with one of the 
yellowish Odontiodas, say, Joan or Madeline. 

Looking still further ahead, there are a few 
Oncidiums noted for their large flowers of 
clear and brilliant yellow colour, such as 
Marshallianum and varicosum, and_ these, 
when combined with certain Odontiodas, 
cannot fail to produce many startling and 
wonderful hybrids. We are, indeed, in but 
the infancy of hybridisation, and it will be for 
the future generations of hybridists to prove 
that what we are now doing is merely the 
foundation work of a structure that will never 
be completed. 


[August, 1916. 


Oncidium concolor. 


ONCIDIUM CONCOLOR. 


quantities which have from time to 

time been imported, very little varia- 
tion in the flowers of Oncidium concolor has 
been recorded. This is no doubt mainly due 
to the fact that yellow is very persistent ; even 
when the purple is removed from a Cattleya 
the orange-yellow in the throat remains. And 
so it is with almost all albino Orchids, the 
yellow is the last colour to be dispelled. 
However, there are a few notable exceptions, 
as, for example, in Coelogyne cristata alba, in 
which the yellow is entirely eliminated from 
the throat. Whether a pure white variety of 
Oncidium concolor will be discovered is 
perhaps seeking too much, although in the 
sale of Sir Trevor Lawrence’s collection there 
was a plant of O. concolor described as 
“spotted on sepals and petals, clear yellow 
lip,” while another, called albens, had the 
labellum margined with white. 

Mr. Wm. Bolton, of Warrington, has 
flowered several thousands of O. concolor 
during the last few years, and his able 
grower, Mr. W. H. Cain, now informs us that 
more than 300 were in flower this season, yet 
out of all this multitude only one variety 
showing signs of albiism has appeared. A 
painting of this variety shows a six-flowered 
raceme, the sepals yellow, the petals white 
with the median area yellow; the broad 
labellum is almost wholly white, but for the 
yellow crest and a small blotch of this colour 


N oe the immense 


August, 1916. | THE 


just beneath it. The side wings of the column 
still retain their purplish tint. It is evidently 
the most distinct and interesting variety that 
has yet appeared, and although it would 
hardly be correct to describe it as an albino, 
the decisive yellow and white areas entitle it 
to be called O. concolor luteo-album. This 
plant has since passed into the fine collection 
of Mr. Philip Smith, Haddon House, Ashton- 
on-Mersey. 

O. concolor was discovered by Gardner on 
the Organ Mountains in 1837, and sent by 
him to the Woburn collection, where it 
flowered in 1840. It continued to be very 
rare until 1870, when Messrs. Veitch received 
a consignment from Rio de Janeiro. The 
drooping racemes of self-coloured flowers of 
the purest yellow render this species one of 
the most admired in the genus. Its flowering 
season is April and May. The best effect is 
produced when the plants are grown in pans 
suspended from the roof of a cool house. 


LIMESTONE. 


HE common practice of including pieces 
of limestone among the drainage 


material used for Cypripedium bella- 
tulum, C. concolor and C. niveum, owes its 
origin to the fact that this material is often 
found adhering to the roots of these plants 
when newly imported. Collectors have 
described how these Orchids have been seen 
growing luxuriantly on limestone rocks, and 
how many of the leaves have their surface 
whitened by a thin deposit of this material. 
The above Cypripediums appear to benefit 
considerably by the addition of limestone to 
the compost, and the question arises whether 
any other species could be the better culti- 
vated by adopting this treatment. Many of 
the Jamaican Orchids are to be found growing 
on limestone rocks, which abound in the 
island. Mr. Geo. Syme, of the Botanic 
Garden, Jamaica, has made the following 
interesting statement (Zhe Garden, Vol. 
XXIL., p. 305):— 


“The probability is great that, assisted by 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 205 


the influences of the elements, the Orchid 
roots in some measure dissolve and assimilate 
the fertile limestone as food. Some such 
action as this and some such tissue-rearing 
food supply only can account for the literal 
acres of unusually large and luxuriant plants 
of such species as Epidendrum cochleatum 
and Brassia maculata as I have seen growing 
on these rocks. The first of these species, 
when growing on trees and ordinary rocks (in 
contradistinction to the limestone), almost 
invariably develops two leaves to each bulb 
or branch, so that it is a characteristic vegeta- 
tive condition. But, curiously enough, it 1s 
broken through in the case of the plants 
growing on the limestone referred to, inas- 
much as these generally produce three, and 
not infrequently four, leaves to each branch. 
Setting aside for the moment inferences of a 
more practical kind, have we not in these 
limestone-reared plants of E. cochleatum, with 
their branches terminated by three or four 
leaves instead of two, the initial, yet incipient 
step towards the creation of a local variety ?” 


a 


Cypripedium niveum. 


206 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


MASDEVALLIA EPHIPPIUM. 


LTHOUGH this species appears to 
A have been known to Linden and 
others as M. Trochilus no botanical 
description was published until 1873, when 
Reichenbach described it as M. Ephippium, 
under which name, the earliest published, 
it must in future be known. 

Gustav Wallis, the original discoverer and 
a most trustworthy observer, gives the follow- 
ing account in the Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1875, 
I, p. 504:—“In the year 1868 I first met with 
this plant, growing in the frosty heights of 
the Sonson district in New Granada. The 
whole of the plants which I then remitted to 
Europe died, and | afterwards sent others in 
the year 1872 to Mons. Linden, of Brussels. 
This Masdevallia suffers greatly from tropical 
heat, and from excess of heat generally. Only 
a dozen out of 200 plants arrived in Europe 
the first time—I brought them under my 
personal care. The name Colibri, which is 
given to this plant in its native country, :s 
simply an allusion to the fantastic bird-like 
appearance of the flower. There is a pecu- 
liarity of the plant well worth mentioning, 
and that is its power of producing out of the 
same spathe several subsequent flowers. It 
is possible, therefore, that this Masdevallia in 
its native place has two flowering seasons 
each year. The strong and compactly-formed 
root-balls get sometimes to a considerable 
size and weight. The plant, being once 
established, must possess an extraordinary 
vital power. It has the happy faculty of 
growing and doing well under any conditions. 
It grows quite as well in a loose compost as 
on the bark of trees or on decomposed pieces 
of trunk, and even in a common heavy soil. 
The amateur will also appreciate its habit of 
growing in highly elevated regions, as cold as 
any Masdevallia can exist in, not even 
excepting M. elephanticeps.” 

According to Consul Lehmann, M. 
Ephippium (Trochilus) has the largest 
geographical distribution of any Masdevallia. 
It was first discovered by Wallis in the State 
of Antioquia in Colombia, where it grows at 
various places at an elevation of 6,000—7,000 


[August, 1916. 


feet, and in huge but not very dense woods, 
high on trees. From Antioquia the first 
specimens were introduced into Europe. In 
1877 it was observed by Lehmann all along 
the western slopes of the Central Andes of 
the State of Cauca. 


Masdevallia Ephippium. 


August, 1916. | THe ORCHID 


SALE OF MR. J. GURNEY 
FOWLER’S ORCHIDS. 


O sale in recent times created so much 
N interest as the disposal of the collec- 
tion formed by the late Mr. J. Gurney 
Fowler, who for many years was chairman of 
the R.H.S. Orchid Committee. Mr. Harold 
Morris, of the firm of Protheroe and Morris, 
conducted the sale 
in the charming 
garden at Pem- 
bury, where every- 
thing possible was 
done to meet the 
convenience and 
comfort of those 
who attended. On 
each of the three 
days luncheon and 
tea were served in 
a marquee, the 
visitors being hon- 
oured by the pres- 
ence of Miss Louisa 
Fowler, Mrs. John 
Fowler and Mr. 
Alf. Fowler. Many 
amateurs travelled 
a long distance in 
order to secure 
mementoes of this 
world-famed  col- 
lection, while mem- 
bers of the Orchid 
trade turned up in 
full force and did 
their best to secure 
as many bargains 
as possible. Dur- 
ing the three days, 
tthe SZist. “zond 
and 23rd, the enthusiasm never dwindled for 
a moment, for on no previous occasion have 
so many choice species and hybrids been 
offered by auction. The sale realised over 
£6,200, the following being the most 
interesting items. 
Cattleya Warscewiczii ‘“Firmin Lambeau,” 
a pure white variety which received the 


Cattleya Warscewiczii ““ Firmin Lambeau,” which 
realised 2]0 gns. 


WORLD. 207 


R.H.S. Gold Medal, July 16th, 1912, was 
purchased by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown 
for 210 gns., the plant consisting of 3 bulbs 
and a strong growth. 

Scintillant, 136 ons.) C, 
Mendeli 


Cattleya Sibyl var. 

ms; 94 ens,; C, 
thle on" ens, CC: Trane 
Amesiana, 9 gns.; C. Transylvania, 22 gns. ; 
C. Drapsiana, 22 gns.; C. Rhoda, Fowler’s 
var., 18 ens.; C. Schréderz, Glebelands var., 
18 gns.; C. Triane, 
Fowler’s var. 14 


onsna uC. iSchtro- 
dere, Davidson 


Cup var., IO gns.; 
€. Antiope, 11 
ensue. ~ ltiaie 
Griselda, 13 gns.; 
C. Maggie Raphael 
alba, grand var., 
20 onsa; (©. lrene, 
To ens. C. War- 
scewiczil_ saturata, 
20 gns.; C. Oberon 
Veanine htt MiGieSis 
oyalset 4 ons; (C: 
Oriflamme, 35 
Miss C, Lityus; 
11 gns.; C.labiata 
dilpais0 ens. ; 'C. 
labiata alba “ Prin- 
cess of Wales,” 12 
ens., 'C. —Mossie 
Sear, Foam,’ 15 
once, Larewes, 
Fowler’s var., 45 
ens.; C. Mendelii 
var. Stuart Low, 
figured in the 
ORCHID WORLD, 
Mol vris Dp. 41.105 
ens.; C. Mrs. Myra 
Peeters, 74 ons2; 
C. Hardyana “Countess of Derby,” 50 gns. 
There were several plants of C. Warscewiczil 
var. F. M. Beyrodt, which averaged about 
7 ens. apiece. 

Odontoglossum illustre Europa, 5 bulbs, 
105 gns.; another plant of the same, 3 bulbs, 
7o gns.; O. amabile, 5 gns.; O. crispum 
xanthotes, 9 gns.; O. Blackthorn, 12 gns. ; 


208 THE ORCHID WORLD. [August, 1916. 


Sophro-Cattleya Sylvia, 35 gns.; S.-C. Saxa, 
8 ons.; 'S.<€. Doris, 17 sens ee 
bletchleyflora, 17 gns.; S.-L.-C. Olive, 10 gns. 

Lelio-Cattleya Mrs. Evelyn Norrie, 40 gns.; 
L.-C. Nelthorpe Beauclerk, 5 gns. ; 
L.=C. J. F.-Birkbeck, 105) ensiy lee: 
% Illione, 11 gns.; L.-C. Thyone, 53 
ao ; L.-C. Maqueda, 8 gns.; Lezelia 


“pumila alba, 7 gns.; Lzelia tenebrosa 


O. Lily Neumann, 16 gns.; O. 
Aquitania, 50 gns.; O. crispum 
solum, 85 gns.; O. Clovis, 40 gns.; 
©! crispum Saga, 12 enst sO: 


Walton Grange var., 15 gns. 

Cypripedium mirum, 45 gns.; C. 
Leeanum J. (Gs lowler sGy ems, 
Dendrobium Hookerianum, Fowler’s 
var., 5 gns.; Dendrobium Triumph, 
3 gns. Small seedlings of Odonto- 
glossums and  Odontiodas sold 
remarkably well, as much as 35 gens 
being paid for 34 plants, all raised 
from the choicest parents. 


Odontoglossum Jeanette, sold for 14 gns. 


Amethyst, Glebelands var., 18 gns. ; O. 
Pembury, 50 gns.; O. Menier var. St. 
Vincent, 23 gns.; O. Jeanette, 14 gns. ; 
O. President Poincaire, 60 gns.; O. 
Mars, 70 gns.; O. Armstrongiz, 35 
ens.; O. Princess Mary, 52 gns.; O. 
Iris, 54 gns.; O. Georgius Rex, 70 gns.; 
O. splendens, 10 gns.; O. eximium, 
18 gns.; O. Smithu, 11 gns. 
Odontioda Coronation, 21 gns.; O. 
Mte. Rosa, 8 gns.; O. -Cooksoniz, 
Fowlers var., 45 gns.; O. Red Cross, 
64 gns.; O. Charlesworthi, 3 gns. ; O. 
Chanticleer, 18 gns.; O. Latona, 
Fowler’s var., 90 gns., figured in the 
ORCHID WORLD, Vol. V., p. 99. 
Brasso-Cattleya Cliftoni albens, 3 
bulbs, 150 gns.; B.-C. Cliftonu, Fow- 
ler’s var., 100 gns.; B.-C. Cliftonn 
magnifica, OO gns.; B.C. eine 
Baroness, 50 gns.; Miultonia Charles- 
worthii, 9 gns.; Odontonia Charles- 
worthii, Fowler’s var., 50 gns.; Miltonia 


vexillaria G. D. Owen, We Mil- Odontoglossum Amethyst, Glebelands var., three bulhs 
tonia vexillaria Rev. W. Wilks, 24 gns.; of which realised 18 gns. 


August, 1916. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 2 


2) 
\o 


Splos nce semsreojansasans 


The late Mr. J. Gurney Fowler admiring Odontoglossum illustre Europa, a 
beautiful variety with large flowers of plum-purple colour. At the recent 
sale of his collection a plant with five bulbs realised 105 guineas, while 

another, consisting of three bulbs, sold for 70 guineas. 


ODO DO—|D()G=01) =D SDS 


I 
! 
E 


210 PAE ORCEI» 


WORLD. 


[August, 1916. 


Odontoglossum Georgius Rex, which realised 70 gns. at the sale of 
Mr. J. Gurney Fowler's collection. 


NEW EYBRIDS: 


L#LIO-CATTLEYA | _VESUVIUS. — Several 
richly-coloured varieties of this new hybrid 
have been flowered by Messrs. Stuart Low 
and Co., who raised it from seed obtained by 
crossing L.-C. Veronique (C. Mendelu x 
L. cinnabrosa) with L.-C. Haroldiana (C. 
Hardyana x L. tenebrosa). 

ODONTOGLOSSUM PHYLLIS.—A striking 
result in which the whole flower is evenly 
marked with blackish spots and_ blotches. 
The parents are Janthe and eximium, the 
former being a hybrid between ardentissimum 
and Hallio-crispum. The blackish markings 
are due to the Hallu species. Raised by 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM MERLDENENSE.— This 
pretty hybrid received an Award of Merit 


when exhibited at the Manchester Orchid 
Society, June Ist, 1910, by Mr. A. J. Oakshott. 
The parents are percultum and eximium. 

ODONTIODA CONNIEOda. Cooksonie 
and Odm. Armstrongiz are the parents of this 
novelty exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown, Chelsea Show, 1910. 

ODONTIODA ASHTONIZ.—This is the 
result of crossing C. Neetzliana with O. 
Fascinator, the flower being rich scarlet-red. 
Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown and 
exhibited at the Chelsea Show, 1910. 

BRASSO-LALIO-CATTLEYA GILBERTIL— 
B.-L.-C. Veitchu (B.-C. Digbyano-Mossie x 
L. purpurata) and C. Mendelu are the parents 
of this richly-coloured hybrid exhibited by 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown at the Chelsea 
Show, 1910. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA RISDENE.—An elegant 


August, 1916. | Wels ONE Isp) 


flower of medium size, resulting from crossing 
C. Lawrenceana with L.-C. Myra. The sepals 
and petals are rose-purple suffused with 
cimnabar, the labellum has the throat and disc 
bright yellow, and with a broad band of 
crimson-purple extending round the front 
lobe and over the column. Raised by Mr. 
Alwyn Harrison. 


CATTLEYA MABEL.—This very fine addi- 
tion to the albino section has been raised by 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, the parents being 
Mrs. Myra Peeters and Warneri alba. 

LA&LIO-CATTLEYA SAN JUAN. — Dr. 
Miguel Lacroze has recently flowered this 
fine hybrid between C. Mendeli and L.-C. 
Aphrodite. 


ODONTIODA EARL KITCHENER.—Oda. 
Bradshawie and Odm. Rolfe are the parents 
of this new hybrid. Exhibited at the 
Manchester Orchid Society, June 15th, 1916, 
by Mr. S. Gratrix. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM LUCILLA—In this 
hybrid between Pescatorei and percultum the 
flower is exactly intermediate in character. 
The white ground has lilac blotching on the 
central area of the sepals and spotting on the 
petals. The lip is principally that of Pesca- 
torei, with basal lilac spotting. Flowered by 
Mr. W. H. St. Quintin, Scampston Hall, 
York.—de B. Crawshay. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM WORSLEYI.—In _ this 
elegant hybrid between amabile and mirum 
the rose-purple blotching of the former parent 
is carried forward, while the influence of 
luteopurpureum, derived through mirum, is 
shown in the attenuated labellum, with its 
broad apex, and in the reddish-brown colour 
of some of the blotches. In the collection of 
Mr. H. Worsley, Sherfin, Baxenden, near 
Accrington. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM HAZELDENE. — The 
parents of this are crispo-Harryanum and 
Queen Alexandra (Harryanum x triumphans), 
the latter producing the rch red-brown 
blotching which almost covers the whole 
flower. As may be expected, the labellum is 
well-developed, with crimson spotting on a 
yellowish ground. Flowered in the collection 
of Mr. H. Worsley, Sherfin, Baxenden. 


WORLD. 211 


ODONTOGLOSSUM RUTH G. WORSLEY. 
A painting of this very pretty hybrid between 
amabile and harvengtense is sent by Mr. H. 
Worsley. The broad segments are bright 
yellow with reddish-brown blotching on the 
inner two-thirds of their surface. The 
labellum, pandurate in form, bears the charac- 
teristic blotch of triumphans, derived through 
the harvengtense parent, while on each side 
of the yellow crest is some effective spotting. 

CATTLEYA EDALA.—This pretty result has 
been obtained by crossing Walkeriana with 
Mendelu, the flower being of rosy-purple 
colour, with the labellum flatly displayed. 
Raised in the collection of Mr. W. H. St. 
Quintin (gr. Mr. F. C. Puddle), Scampston 
Hall, Rillington, York. 

LLIO-CATTLEYA EGERIA.—The parents 
Or thisearen Gs Walkenana and L.-C. Can- 
hamiana, the rose-coloured flower having the 
labellum tinged with rosy-mauve and with 
darker veining. <A peculiarity is the large 
triangular, whitish area on the disc of the lip. 
Raised in the collection of Mr. W. H. St. 
Quintin, Rillington, York. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA AGLAIA.—The result 
of crossing L.-C. Wilfrediana (C. Aclandiz x 
L. cmnabrosa) with L.-C. luminosa. The 
sepals and petals rich cinnabar, the labellum 
crimson with rose-purple on the side lobes. 
Raised in the collection of Mr. W. H. St. 
Quintin (gr. Mr. F. C. Puddle), Rillington, 
York. 


CYPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM FROM SEED.—Not 
content with the production of hybrids, the 
seed-raisers are now taking an interest in the 
production of fine species. Among those 
who have taken up this work we may mention 
Mr. F. C. Puddle, who has recently raised a 
batch of about fifty plants of Cypripedium 
niveum, the first to flower being of consider- 
able promise, which suggest that some 
superior to the normal type will in due time 
be discovered. 

CYPRIPEDIUM CALCEOLUS.—Mr. William 
Stansfield, writing to the Gardeners’ 
Chronicle, July 8th, describes how he found 
this British Orchid growing wild in its native 
habitat in the Yorkshire Highland. No 


212 Hk VORCHID WORRIED: 


fewer than twenty plants were found, all 
robust and healthy. Mr. Stansfield says it 
has been his joy and pleasure during the last 
twenty years to visit the habitats of all our 
rare British plants, extending from John 0’ 
Groats to Land’s End, but his joy was 
fulfilled at the sight of Our Lady’s Slipper, as 
it was known in pre-Reformation days. 


ROYAL: > HORTICULTURAE 
SOCGIE ING 
June Oth, 1910. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), Sir Jeremiah 
Colman, Bart., Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. 
sec.), de B. Crawshay, Gurney Wilson, S. W. 
Flory, C. Cookson, J. Charlesworth, Stuart 
Low, F. J. Hanbury, Pantia Ralli, R. A. Rolfe, 
E.R. Ashton, Walter Cobb and C. H. Curtis. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum Lambardeanum var. Gatton 
Prince (Vuylstekez x ccoeruleum), from Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Surrey. 
—The original O. Lambardeanum was 
figured and fully described in the ORCHID 
WORLD, Vol. II., p. 220. The present variety 
carried a spike of 6 large flowers with broad 
segments heavily blotched with dark choco- 
late-red, and in all respects is a noble form. 

Wilsonara insignis (Oncidioda Charles- 
worthii x Odontoglossum illustrissimum), from 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. See descrip- 
tion in this issue. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton 
Lane, received a Silver Flora Medal for a 
good exhibit in which were many fine Odonto- 
glossums and Miltonias, choice varieties of 
L.-C. Gladiator, the brightly-coloured L.-C. 
G. S. Ball and other Lelio-Cattleyas. An 
interesting plant was Lelia purpurata var. R. 
I. Measures. 

F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, 
Oxford, showed 5 robust plants of the 


[August, 1916. 


elegant Cypripedium Lawrenceanum Hye- 
anum, one plant carried 6 finely developed 
flowers. 

Col. Stephenson R. Clarke, C.B., Borde 
Hill, Cuckfield, exhibited Lzelio-Cattleya 
Fascinator var. The Bride (C. Schréderz 
alba x L. purpurata Queen Alexandra). The 
spike carried 3 well-developed flowers of a 
delicate blush tint, the labellum having a 
prettily frilled margin, and the throat orange. 
A beautiful variety of this choice hybrid. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham Hill, 
showed two distinct forms of L.-C. Cowanu 
(C. Mossiee x L. cinnabrosa). 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. were awarded 
a Silver Flora Medal for a fine exhibit of 
choice Orchids, including the new Odonto- 
glossum Phyllis (lanthe x eximium), with 
blackish markings, Miltonia vexillaria Lyoth 
and M. Charlesworthu, several distinct 
varieties of Cattleya Mossiaz, the uncommon 
Dendrobium Schréderee and several richly- 
coloured Odontiodas. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons received a Silver 
Banksian Medal for an exhibit of Odontonia 
Lela Sander, the elegant Dendrobium 
illustre, L.-C. Canada, good varieties of L.-C. 
Aphrodite, and a specimen plant of Cattleya 
Mossie. 

Messrs. Flory and Black received a Silver 
Banksian Medal for a group in which were 
several fine forms of L.-C. Gladiator and 
L.-C. Canhamiana, as well as_ blotched 
Odontoglossums and the interesting Cattleya 
Mossiz McMorlandi, which has been under 
cultivation for more than half a century. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. obtained a 
Silver Banksian Medal for an exhibit contain- 
ing the red Renanthera Imschootiana, a fine 
variety of L.-C. Domos (L.-C. Dominiana x 
C. Mossiz), choice forms of Cattleya Mossize 
and C. Mendelu, and a dark variety of C. 
Schilleriana. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. were awarded a 
Bronze Banksian Medal for an_ exhibit 
containing Cypripedium Chamberlainianum 
with a spike of 3 open flowers, Cattleya 
Mossiz in variety, a good form of L.-C. 
Canhamiana alba with a spike of 4 flowers, 
and a dark variety of L.-C. Domos. 


August, 1916. | 


June 20th, 1916. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Messrs. Jas. O’Brien 
(hon. sec.), J. Wilson Potter, E. R. Ashton, 
Pantia Ralli, Walter Cobb, J. Charlesworth, 
|. Cypher, W. Hi. Hatcher, C. H. Curtis, A. 
Dye, S. W. Flory, W. Bolton, C. J. Lucas, 
F, J. Hanbury and R. A. Rolfe. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


To Messrs. Sander and Sons for a home- 
raised plant of Lelio-Cattleya Gottoiana 
Imperator, with 5 flowers on a spike. 


GROUPS. 


Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton, 
showed Lelio-Cattleya San Juan (C. Men- 
delii x L.-C. Aphrodite), with blush sepals and 
petals and purple lip. Also L.-C. Teucra, 
Bryndir variety (L.-C. Martinetit x C. 
Mossiz), with pale buff sepals and petals. 

Ernest Mocatta, Esq., Woburn Place, 
Addlestone, showed L.-C. Aphrodite 
“Woburn Place var.,” a grand flower with 
pure white sepals and petals and rich violet- 
coloured lip. Also L.-C. brugensis “ Woburn 
Place var.” 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. received a 
Silver-gilt Flora Medal for a fine exhibit of 
Miltonia Charlesworthi, excellent Odontiodas 
and Odontoglossums. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons received a Silver 
Flora Medal for a fine exhibit of Lezlio- 
Cattleyas, and some _ attractive hybrid 
Odontoglossums, of which Queen Alexandra 
was noteworthy. 

Messrs. Flory and Black were awarded a 
~ Silver Banksian Medal for an exhibit of 
hybrid Disas, including D. Luna and D. 
Blacku. In the Langley variety of D. Blacki 
the flowers are purplish rose-red, with the 
galea white, evenly spotted with light purple. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. staged Lelio- 
Cattleya Cowanu, a fine variety; also L.-C. 
Canhamiana, with well-developed segments. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean _ exhibited 
Cattleya Mabel (Mrs. Myra Peeters x 
Warnerl), a large, pure white flower of good 
shape. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 213 


R.H.S. SUMMER SHOW, 
HOLLAND PARK, KENSINGTON. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Jas. O’Brien, W. Cobb, F. Menteith 
Ogilvie, Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, J. 
Gypher, C, Cookson, R. A. Rolfe, W. H. 
iatener i,k. Ashton, ©. J. Lucas, R. 
Brooman-White, J. Charlesworth, R. G. 
Thwaites, F. J. Hanbury, Pantia Ralli, J. E. 
shill, .o.° W... Flory, “H.. G. Alexander and 
A. Dye. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Lelio-Cattleya Isabel Sander, Blenheim 
var. (C. Mossize x L.-C. Canhamiana), from 
His Grace the Duke of Marlborough, Blen- 
heim Palace.—A superb variety, the plant 
carried 2 large flowers with broad sepals and 
petals of soft blush colour, the finely formed 
and expansive labellum being solid ruby- 
crimson, this colour extending round the side 
lobes. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lelio-Cattleya Isabel Sander var. Gatton 
Queen (C. Mossie Reineckiana x L.-C. 
Canhamiana Rex), from Sir Jeremiah 
Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Surrey.—A very 
beautiful result in which the pure white 
sepals and petals are of remarkable substance, 
while the broad labellum is purple, margined 
with white. The spike carried 3 large 
flowers. 

Miltonia John Barker (parentage unre- 
corded), from Messrs. Sander and Sons.— 
This hybrid is remarkable for its rich rose- 
purple flushing on a white ground, the 
labellum bearing a dark crimson blotch at its 
base. 

Miltonia Isabel Sander, Charlesworth’s 
var., from Messrs. Charlesworth and Co.— 
An exceedingly pretty hybrid between 
Hyeana and Reezlii. The plant carried two 
fine spikes of large flowers, whitish, the petals 
effectively flushed with rose. 


214 THE “ORCHID WORLD. 


Brasso-Cattleya Tlene, Low’s var. (B.-C. 
Mad. Chas: Maron x C. aurea), from Messrs. 
Stuart Low and Co—-This elegant hybrid 
carried 2 very large flowers of rosy-pink 
colour, the immense labellum prettily frilled 
at the margin and having the central area 
orange-yellow, 


Odontonia Charlesworthii, a beautiful hybrid 


between O. Uro-Skinneri and M. vexillaria, 
exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. at the 
Holland House Show. 


[August, 1916. 


SILVER LINDLEY MEDAL. 


To Mr. W. Balmforth for a magnificent 
specimen of Epidendrum prismatocarpum, 
exhibited by F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq——The 
plant carried no less than 47 strong and 
many-flowered spikes. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


To Mr. F. W. Thurgood’ (er? to fia 
Pitt, Esq.), for 2 finely flowered specimens 
of Platyclinis filiformis. 

To Messrs. Sander and Sons for a grand 
plant of Cirrhopetalum robustum carrying 10 
spikes, each with 12—15 well-developed 
flowers. 


GROUPS. 


Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
was awarded a Gold Medal for a splendid 
group in which were several fine Odontiodas, 
the choice Odontoglossum Queen of Gatton, 
Disa Luna, brightly coloured varieties of 
Lzlo-Cattleya Phoebe, the handsome L.-C. 
Epicaste, Gatton Park variety, Bulbophyllum 
longisepalum, well-flowered plants of Cypri- 
pedium callosum Sandere, the pretty Epiden- 
drum Brassavole, and the new Vuylstekeara 
Colmani (M. Warscewiczu x Oda. Brad- 
shawie). 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. received a 
Gold Medal for a superb exhibit of their 
handsome Miultonia Charlesworthu, the 
ground colour varying from light to dark rose, 
while each flower bears an intense crimson 
blotch on the base of the labellum. Cattleyas 
included the fine C. Mendelu “Prince 
Fushimi,” C. Mossize Arnoldiana, and C. 
Warscewiczu “Mrs. E. Ashworth,” the latter 
bearing 3 well-developed flowers of light 
blush tint. Other interesting plants were 
Dendrobium acuminatum with two spikes, 
one of which had 19 flowers, A®rides japoni- 
cum, the pretty Epidendrum aromaticum and 
a choice selection of Odontoglossums and 
various Odontiodas. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons were awarded a 
Gold Williams Memorial Medal for an exten- 


August, 1916. | THE 


sive exhibit containing the elegant At*rides 
Houlletianum Sandere, the rare Miltonia 
Lambeauiana, with pure white flowers, M. 
Hyeana Collosus, with large rose-coloured 
flowers, Sophro-Cattleya Doris var. Atalanta, 
rich red, Maxillaria venusta with many 
flowers, Anguloa Clifton and A. brevilabris 
punctata, the latter having much spotting on 
the inner side of the segments. The Cattleyas 
included fine varieties of Mendeli and 
Zenobia, while Lzlio-Cattleyas were repre- 
sented by Roger Sander and Aphrodite. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. were awarded 
a Gold Willams Memorial Medal for an 
attractive exhibit, in which the choice Brasso- 
Cattleya Ilene occupied a prominent position. 
Albino Cattleyas were well represented, the 
varieties of C. Mossiez being specially fine. 
Cattleya Warscewiczii was seen in many 
specimens, and  Lelio-Cattleya Teucra 
gloriosa had an immense __ ruby-purple 
labellum. The pretty Dendrobium Victoria 
Regina, Platyclinis filiformis and Cattleya 
Parthenia var. Prince of Wales were also 
noted. Three choice Cattleyas were C. 
Mendel Blush Queen, C. Warneri alba and 
C. Mossiz Luna, the latter a pure white 
flower with slight rose spotting on the disc of 
the labellum. 

Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher received a 
Gold Wiliams Memorial Medal for a well- 
staged exhibit, in which were several fine 
forms of Leelio-Cattleya Canhamiana and 
L.-C. Aphrodite, as well as L.-C. Cora (C. 
Mendel x L. Latona) with yellowish flowers, 
and some fine plants of Cattleya Warscewiczu.. 
Odontiodas were best represented by the 
pretty O. Sunbeam, also O. Bellona and O. 
Joan. A promising novelty was seen in 
Cattleya Helen Langley (Dusseldorfei 
Undine x Mrs. Myra Peeters), with white 
flowers. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean were awarded a 
Silver-gilt Flora Medal for a selection of 
choice Odontoglossums, including the large 
O. Leviathan, O. eximium xanthotes and a 
fine form of O. cordatum. Miltonia vexillaria 
Queen Alexandra carried a spike of 7 
immense flowers, Cattleya Mabel (Mrs. Myra 
Peeters x Warneri alba) carried a large pure 


ORCHID WORLD. 215 


white flower of much promise, while at the 
back were several specimens of the attractive 
Oncidium McBeanianum. The handsome 
Odontoglossum Hye de Crom (Harryanum x 
luteopurpureum) was seen in perfection, one 
plant carrying as many as 15 large flowers. 
Odontiodas were also effectively staged. 

Mr. Harry Dixon was awarded a Silver 
Flora Medal for a neat exhibit containing 
some specially fine varieties of Cattleya 
Warscewiczil, the new Odontioda Buenos 
Aires, a distinct variety of Masdevallia 
Chimera, the handsome Phaius bicolor, 
Cypripedium Holdenu and L.-C. Cowani. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown staged a 
selection of their choice hybrids and fine 
species, the best being Miltonia J. Gurney 
Fowler, a large whitish flower bearing a 
blacking mask at the base of the labellum ; 
Ccelogyne pandurata, with a many-flowered 
spike ; Odontoglossum Doris; the pretty Od. 
Nevross, and a white variety of Cattleya 
Mendeli. 

Messrs. C. F. Waters received a Silver 
Banksian Medal for a group of Odonto- 
glossum crispum, Miltonia vexillaria, Anguloa 
Chftonu, Vanda teres and L.-C. Canhamiana. 

pit Meivyn puller, -Bart. Spratton, 
Northants, exhibited Vanda ccerulea_ var. 
Killarney, with a spike of 11 finely developed 
flowers. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID 
SOGIETY. 


June Ist, 1916. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, Dr. 
Craven Moore, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. 
Evans, P. Foster, W. Gilden, A. R. Handley, 
A. Hanmer, A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, Dr. 
F. T. Paul, S. Swift, H. Thorp and H. Arthur 
(Secretary). 

A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to 
W. R. Lee, Esq. ; Large Silver Medals to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., and Dr. Craven Moore; and 


216 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


4 Silver Medal to Messrs. Cypher and Sons. 


Messrs. Hassall and Co., Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons 
es “y: 

also exhibited. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Miltonia Charlesworthu var. grandis, M. C. 
var. Leeana, and Odontoglossum crispum 
Aldworthu. All from W. R. Lee, Esq. 

Lela purpurata alba var. Ashworthie. 
From R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontoglossum eximium var. 
Emperor. From Dr. Craven Moore. 

Cattleya Warscewiczu var. Gratrixie. From 
5. Gratrix, Esq: 

Odontoglossum merldenense (percultum x 
mirum). From A. J. Oakshott, Esq. 

Cattleya Mossia Reineckiana “ Haddon 
House var.” From P. Smith, Esq. 


Purple 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum crispum Empire Day, O. c. 
Veronique, O. c. Conyngham, O. c. Man- 
cunium, O. Hyeanum Monitor, O. eximium 
Purity and O. Fascinator Primrose Dame. 
All from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Cattleya Mossie var. Margaret, C. Mendel 
var. Amethyst, and Odontoglossum Red 
Monarch. All from P. Smith, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Yula var. Ophelia and O. 
crispum var. Fifinella. From R. Ashworth, 
Esq. 

Cypripedium Harkeyanum var. Petronilla 
(Chamberlainianum x Godefroye). From the 
Rev. J. Crombleholme. 

Cattleya Mossiz Reineckiana “Carter Place 
var.” From T. Worsley, Esq. 


AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 


Dendrobium Clio var. Mitchel. From Mr. 
E. Mitchell. 


FIRST-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATES 


To Mr C. Branch for Miltonia Charles- 
worthu var. grandis. 


[August, 1916. 


To Mr. E. Marshall for Cypripedium 


bellatulum “ Exhims var.” 


June 15th, 19106. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Messrs. 
R. Ashworth (in the chair), D. A. Cowan, Dr. 
Craven Moore, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. 
Evans, P. Foster, W. Gilden, D. McLeod, Dr. 
F. T. Paul, W. Shackleton, S. Swift and H. 
Arthur (Secretary). 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Dr. Craven Moore and 
Messrs. Cypher and Sons. A Silver Medal 
was awarded to Messrs. Sander and Sons. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontioda Schréderiana var. Gen. Joffre, a 
large flower, bright scarlet, with white 
margin. From T. Worsley, Esq. 

Cattleya Warscewiczu “Conyngham var.,” 
a large flower of good colour. From Dr. 
Craven Moore. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum Watsonianum, O. ardentis- 
simum var. Mancunium, O. Doris var. La 
Bella, O. Aireworth “Conyngham var.” All 
from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Cattleya Cowanie alba “Ashlands var.,” 
Odontioda Schréderiana marginata, and Disa 
Luna. From R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontioda Earl Kitchener (Oda. Brad- 
shawie x Odm. Rolfez) and L.-C. General 
Brusiloff (Helius x G. S. Ball). From S. 
Gratrix, Esq. 

Cattleya Mendel var. Rossendale and 
Cattleya Mossiz var. Evelyn. From T. 
Worsley, Esq. 


AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 


Odontoglossum venustulum “ Gathurst var.” 
From S. Swift, Esq. 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 


To Mr. E. Rogers for fine plants of 
Phalznopsis Rimestadiana and P. Sanderiana. 


KH 


APS 


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ORCHID WORLD. 


TOSS 


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SEPTEMBER, 1910. 


NOLES. 


CATTLEYA MENDELIIL, SIX-FLOWERED.— 
We have had the pleasure of receiving from 
Mr. W. Swan, Jamnagar House Gardens, 
Staines, a remarkable example of Cattleya 
Mendelu, the stout spike carrying no less than 
six perfectly developed flowers, surely a 
record number for this species. In the same 
collection, C. Warscewiczii has produced 
several spikes of five flowers, while Coelogyne 
Dayana has yielded pendulous spikes 3 feet 
long. Mr. Swan, who has been amongst 
Orchids for the long period of sixty years, 
was at one time in charge of the celebrated 
collection of Mr. Sam Mendel, whose name is 
perpetuated in Cattleya Mendelu, and he also 
had the honour of first flowering Cymbidium 
eburneum, this occurring in Mr. Leech’s 
collection in the summer of 1878. In this 
issue will be found an interesting article in 
which Mr. Swan describes many events in his 
life-long connection with Orchids. 


Mr. SAM MENDEL’S COLLECTION.—The 
historic collection of Orchids formed by Mr. 
Sam Mendel, of Manley Hall, Manchester, 
was dispersed by auction, April, 1873, the sale 
occupying four days. Mr. W. Swan, who was 
then the cultivator in charge, possesses a copy 
of the catalogue, from which he obligingly 
extracts the following interesting prices :— 
Cattleya Mendelu, the original plant, 34 gns. ; 
Lela purpurata, 28 gens. ; Coelogyne cristata, 
19 gns.; Dendrobium Schréderi, 13 gns.; D. 
Wardianum Assam var., 28 gns.; D. Fal- 
coneri, 32 gns.; D. Devonianum, a wonderful 
plant, 413 2s. 6d.; D. chrysotis, produced 
100 flowers, £12; D. Wardianum, I1 ens. ; 
Vanda insignis, 14 gns.; V. tricolor plani- 


VOL. VI. 


laibris, 13 ¢ns.; V. Lowi, 17 gns.; V. teres, 
£20; A®rides Veitchii, 19 gns. and £24 3s.; 
A. Schréderi, £24 3s.; A. nobile, £11; A. 
obbin 410;-A. affine, 10 gns.; A. Field- 
ingii, 417 6s.; A. Williamsui, 11 gns. ; Sacco- 
labium ampullaceum, 22 gns.; S. guttatum 
superbum, £460; Cypripedium Stonei, £37 
10s. and £14 3s. 6d.; C. Dayanum, £17; C. 
Lowu, 410; (skas cinnabarina, 17 ens.; 
Oncidmm,) concolor, 18° gns.; O. splen- 
didum, £43; Odontoglossum nzvium mayjus, 
£160 5s. Od. ; Miltonia Phalaenopsis, £11 10s. ; 
M. Moreliana, 12 gns.; Angraecum sesquipe- 
dale, 160 gns. and 14 gns.; A®rides quinque- 
vulnerum, 10 gns.; Sophronitis grandiflora, 
13 gns.; Lycaste Skinneri alba, 410; Pleione 
lagenaria, 10 gns.; Platyclinis filiformis, 
15 ens. ; Cymbidium eetmnean, 459; Masde- 
vallia Linden, £39; L.-C. exoniensis, 26 
gns.; and Epidendrum 


27 ens. 


prismatocarpum, 


AS 
% 
VS 
K 
AS 

Fé 


CATTLEYA LORD ROTHSCHILD.—Many 
beautiful varieties of this hybrid between 
aurea and Gaskelliana have been flowered by 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, who used an 
albino variety of the latter parent. When the 
strongest seedlings commenced to flower it 
was noticed that they varied in colour from 
white to blush-rose. After a period of a 
couple of years many of the smaller plants 
have reached the flowering stage, and these 
show a much deeper colour, some being near 
to purple. The seedlings from this one pod 
thus separate themselves into two classes: 
the one, vigorous and free-flowering, with 
lightly-coloured flowers; the other, slower 
growing, but with much darker flowers. 


28 


218 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


|September, 1916. 


Phalenopsis John Seden. 


PHALANOPSIS JOHN SEDEN.—This inter- 
esting hybrid between amabilis and Luedde- 
manniana was raised by Seden for Messrs. 
Veitch and Sons, and flowered in 1888, when 
it was exhibited by Baron Schréder at the 
Royal Horticultural Society, March 27th, and 
awarded a First-class Certificate. The sepals 
and petals ivory-white, densely and uniformly 
dotted all over with light purple; the claw of 
the lip similarly dotted, the lobes suffused 
with reddish-purple. 


kas 
te 
KS 
Ke 
KES. 
We 


CATTLEYA ADULA.—Ten years have now 
elapsed since the first appearance of C. 
Adula, and during this period many remark- 
ably fine varieties have been seen. Its 
parentage is bicolor x Hardyana (Warscewiczii 
x aurea), and it thus differs from its near 
relation C. Iris by having the vigorous nature 
of Warscewiczi infused in its constitution. 
C. Ins has always been a hybrid of delicate 
health; in fact, very few plants are now in 
existence, and probably none whatever of the 
original raising. C. Adula may be described 


as a glorified Iris, the rose-purple of 
Warscewiczi1 producing the most beautiful 
tints, varying in accordance with the degree 
of its representation in the parentage. In 
some varieties the effect of bicolor and aurea 
produces a yellowish-bronze colour, only the 
purplish veins denoting the slight presence of 
Warscewiczu. In others this latter species is 
to be seen in stronger force, when the whole 
of the sepals and petals assume a rich glowing 
tint of rosy-purple, through which the 
principal yellowish-bronze colour is still 
discernible. To Messrs. Hassall and Co. is 
due the credit of raising one of the finest 
strains of Adula it has been our pleasure to 
see, and the marvellous diversity of colora- 
tion shown in the examples recently flowered 
foretells how valuable they will become on 
reaching maturity; at present they are but 
four years old. In the making of C. Adula 
Messrs. Hassall and Co. used parents of a 
remarkably fine nature, hence the excellent 
results now achieved are but the forerunners 
of still finer hybrids when future generations 
are produced with Adula itself as one of the 
parents. 


September, 1916. | THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 219 


ODONTIODA NIGELLA. 


C. Noetzliana O. Harryanum 
| 


| 
Oda. Charlesworthii 
| 


O. Harryanum 


O. nobile O. crispum 


O. armainvillierense 


I 


Odm. Thwaitesii 
| 


| 
Oda. Nigella. 


In raising this I used one of the best 
varieties of Mr. Thwaites’ raising, which 
contained a very large amount of blue. Blue 
on ruby-red gives in the first plant to bloom 
intensely deep Harryanum-brown on yellow 
base in the sepals and petals, and these, when 
seen in bright sunlight, have a ruby sheen, 
the only remnant of the fine colour of the 9 
parent. The form has reverted to that of 
Harryanum, being narrow; but the lip has 
also reverted to that form, being large and 
wide and of deep lilac at the apex, the lower 
half heavily spotted with deep brown-purple ; 
in shape pandurate, which is one of the most 
constant features of hybrids containing nobile 
in their ancestry.—de B. Crawshay, Rosefield, 
Sevenoaks. 


LA@LIO-CATTLEYA GEOFFREY.—From Mr. 
C. J. Lucas, Warnham Court, Horsham, we 
have received a beautiful variety of L.-C. 
Geoffrey, first raised by him in 1905, the 
parents being C, Warscewiczii and L. longipes 
var. Lucasiana. The particular point of 
attraction in this medium-sized flower is the 
bright yellow labellum with its plum-purple 
front lobe. The sepals and petals are 
rosy-mauve. 


wy w ¥ 


CATTLEYA WARNERI.—A fine specimen of 
this elegant species was exhibited at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, June 13th, 1883, by Mr. 
C. L. Southgate, of Streatham. The plant 
was in an 8-inch pot, and bore three spikes, 
one having six, another five, and the third four 
flowers upon it, all fully expanded. 


ODONTIODA SIR DouGLas HAIc.—This 
elegant novelty has been produced through 
Odm. percultum and Oda. Cooksonie, the 
former parent containng O. Harryanum, to 
which is due the symmetrically arranged 
blotching, and the conspicuous crest on the 
large labellum, this segment having the broad 
apex of O. Pescatorei, derived from both 
parents. It received an Award of Merit when 
exhibited at the Manchester Orchid Society, 
July 20th, 1916, by Mr. Tom Worsley, of 
Carter Place, Haslingden, from whom we have 
received through his cultivator, Mr. T. Wood, 
a specimen flower and a photograph showing 
the plant carrying a spike of nine handsome 
flowers, which remained fresh for the long 
period of two months, doubtless owing to the 
robust constitution enjoyed by the plant. 


JS 


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¥ 


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Ke 


ODONTOGLOSSUM GRANDE. — Paxton’s 
Magazine of Botany, Vol. VIII., p. 4o, 
published in 1841, thus describes this well- 
known Orchid :—“It is altogether a species 
on which too much praise can hardly be 
lavished. Being strictly epiphytal, and thriving 
best on a log of wood, suspended from some 
part of the Orchidaceous house, its appear- 
ance 1s most characteristic when in blossom, 
the copious and enormous flowers causing the 
scape to assume a half-drooping form. But 
the gorgeous tints and beautiful structure of 
its inflorescence are beyond comparison the 
most striking features. From 5 to 6 inches is 
the usual breadth of the flowers from the tip 
of each petal; the sepals are mottled and 
barred like the back of a tiger; the brown of 
the petals is of that rich, smooth, shining 
character as to appear an artificial prepara- 


220 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


tion; the lip resembles the upper portion of a 
cockleshell in figure, is most delicately stained, 
and when held to a lamp exhibits a glittering 
transparency of texture for which other 
Orchidaceous flowers are so remarkable; 
while, perhaps, the most pleasing part of all is 
the splendidly mottled tubercles at the base of 
the lip, which, viewed from the side, or almost 
any position, are im the highest degree 
beautiful, though, as if to attest the fugitive- 


ness of physical beauty, these are the first to 
fade.” 


SALE OF MR. ZIBA WARD'S 
COLLECTION: 


members of the Manchester Orchid 

Society was lost by the death of Mr. 
Ziba A. Ward, which took place July 4th, only 
eight days before the sale of his entire collec- 
tion, which had been arranged owing to 
continued ill-health. Messrs. Protheroe and 
Morris conducted the sale at Northenden, 
Cheshire, the following being the most 
interesting figures :— 

Odontoglossum amabile var. Confidence, 
7 gns.; O. amabile var. La Belle, 44 gns.; 
O. ardentissimum var. Norman, 7} gns.; O. 
amabile var. His Majesty, 20 gns.; O. 
crispum var. Z. A. Ward, 15 gns.; O. amabile 
var. Monarch, 5 gns.; O. crispum Luciani, 
14 gns.; O. amabile Georgius, 54 gns.; O. 
amabile var. Amethyst, 10 gns.; O. crispum 
var. George, 13 ens.; Oy jasper, times, 30 
Queen Alexandra, 7 gns.; O. Beauty, 9 gns. ; 
O. Wardu, 63 gns.; O. Pescatorei, two good 
varieties, 6 gns.; O. Wilckeanum var. Mrs. 
Ward, 5 gns.; O. crispum var. White Queen, 
53 gns.; O. crispum var. The Bulgar, 7 gns. ; 
O. Purple Queen, 5 gns.; O. Rouge Dragon, 
4 gns.; O. amabile var. Oxe, gorens,; OO. 
Dreadnought, 6 gns.; and O. crispo- 
Harryanum var. Ne Plus Ultra, 6 gns. 

Cypripedium Dreadnought, ens. ©. 
Waterloo, 44 gns.; C. Acteus® Bianca, 12 
eus.;) (CC. Royall "Georoce me somouss anc. 
Alcibiades Illustre, 14 gns.; and Cattleya 
Venus var. Rev. J. Crombleholme, 12 gns. 


O': of the earliest and most enthusiastic 


[September, 1916. 


L/ELIO-CATTLEYA MOMUS. 


production of large flowers generally 

brought about successful results, but 
these were almost invariably deficient in the 
matter of compactness of the segments, the 
flowers were wingy and hardly of the model 
type desired. Looking back on past results, 
it cannot be said that C. Mossize has done 
much in the production of hybrids with flatly 
displayed petals, neither has C. aurea, nor 
even the large C. Warscewiczii, yet all have 
yielded results that may be considered 
excellent in other respects. 

In L.-C. Momus we have a_ hybrid 
produced by crossing L.-C. rubens (L. pumila 
x C. Hardyana) with C. Octave Doin (C. 
Mendelii x C. aurea), and of these component 
species the Lelia pumila is mainly responsible 
for the model shape of this fine hybrid. 

The general habit of the plant partakes 
much of the dwarf style of L. pumila, and 
more closely resembles it in the manner by 
which the flower bud is produced without a 
sheath, the only protection in this respect 
being a small bract-lke organ. 

The sepals and petals are rose-purple, with 
an obscure yellowish under-tint, derived from 
C. aurea, and veined with purple. The 
labellum inherits the characteristic yellow 
area on the inner part of the side lobes of C. 
Warscewiczil, while the golden veining in the 
throat is due to C. Mendelii and C. aurea, this 
latter species also being responsible for the 
glowing crimson-red tints of the massive front 
lobe. Although L. pumila has its good 
points, there remains the unfavourable one 
that it rarely produces more than a single 
flower, hence the solitary flower on L.-C. 
Momus. 

A First-class Certificate was unanimously 
granted to L.-C. Momus when exhibited by 
the raisers, Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., at 
the Royal Horticultural Society, July 18th, 
1916, since when it has passed into the rich 
collection of Mr. Wm. Lee, of Plumpton Hall, 
Heywood, Lancs, whose houses contain some 
of the finest hybrids which have been 
produced in recent years. 


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29 


VI. 


VOL.. 


222 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[September, 1916. 


Cymbidium Humblotii, flowering in the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, Lancs. 
CYMBIDIUM HUMBLOTII. 


HIS worthy representative of the 
Madagascan Orchids is very rarely 
seen in cultivation, perhaps on account 

of the difficulty experienced in meeting its 
cultural requirements, which appear to include 
plenty of atmospheric moisture and a fairly 
high temperature. Where Phalenopses are 
successfully managed, there also may C. 
Humblotii be expected to succeed. 


Originally discovered by Mr. Humblot, it 
first flowered in Europe in the collection of 
Mr. C. Ingram, of Godalming, who exhibited 
the plant at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
June 7th, 1892, when a Botanical Certificate 
was awarded. Little more was heard of this 
species until June, 1907, when Mr. Peeters, of 
Brussels, exhibited a plant at the Holland 
House Show, when it obtained an Award of 
Merit. Some five or six years ago Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co. received an importa- 


September, 1916. | THE ORCHID 


Cymbidium Humlotii. 


tion of Madagascan Orchids, among them 
being several plants of C. Humbloti, which 
arrived in fairly good health and soon com- 
menced to make rapid growth. One of them 
was exhibited at the Royal Horticultural 
Society, April Ist, 1913, when a First-class 
Certificate and Cultural Commendation were 
awarded. 

Mr. O. O. Wrigley, Bridge Hall, Bury, 
purchased one of the plants from Messrs. 
Charlesworth’s importation, and although it 
was but a small piece the careful attention 
given to it by Mr. E. Rogers has produced 
the handsome specimen which we reproduce 
from a photograph. When exhibited at the 
Manchester Orchid Society, July 20th, 1916, 
a First-class Cultural Certificate was granted 
to Mr. Rogers in recognition of his skill. The 
branched inflorescence carried 75 flowers and 
buds, over 50 of them being fully expanded. 

The flowers are thick and fleshy, of a light 
yellowish-green, with blackish spotting on 
the base of the petals and on the labellum, the 
apex of which is much crisped. The side 
lobes of the labellum are incurved. 


WORLD. Papa: 


SIXTY YEARS AMONG ORCHIDS. 


T was in April, 1856, that I entered the 
service of Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., of 
Upper Clapton. The Orchids were then 

a feeble and weakly lot, so much so that Mr. 
Low, the head of the firm, determined to 
place these quaint plants from the tropics 
under better care and cultivation. A fresh 
foreman was engaged and three men placed 
under him, the writer, then a lad, to be at the 
call of any or all. I well remember these 
three fellows. No. 1, a German, tall and 
slim, his coat always buttoned close up, his 
walk and bearing conveying the impression 
that he had had at least some military 
training. No. 2, a Swiss, short, stout, full of 
life and fun, and withal of extraordinary 
strength. He would lift a garden barrow full 
of soil right up to the bench and there empty 
it, never troubling to use a shovel or a spade. 
No. 3, a Frenchman, I think from Rouen, a 
smart, kind and lively fellow, perhaps still 
living. The incessant clatter of these three 
when all were at the bench was sometimes 
too much for the busy foreman, and although 
he did not quite reach the angry stage, he was 
oftentimes much chagrined. 

When first the Orchids were taken over 
from the general foreman’s charge, they were 
overhauled and the majority repotted. There 
were no shears to clip the top of the peat and 
moss, so a pair of hedging shears were placed 
in the hands of the German. I fancy I can 
see him now, cutting all sorts of capers with 
his weapon, the bench being rather low and 
he a trifle the highest of the group. Of course, 
this was rectified in due time, the hedging 
shears were laid to rest and a pair of neat 
hand shears brought into general use. 

At that time cases of Orchids were received 
from Borneo, Burmah and other parts of 
India, as well as the Straits Settlements. All 
had come by slow sailing vessels and by the 
long voyage round the Cape, consequently 
many of the plants died. Sometimes the 
unpacking was more than a dismal lifting out 
of the dead plants for cockroaches were 
there in large numbers, having entered the 
cases whilst in the holds of the vessels. I 


224 IWBUS 


remember one occasion when these pests 
were unusually numerous, and when Mr. 
Stuart Low, father of the present bearer of 
this name, was lifting some A®rides several 
of us were close by crushing the vermin as 
they fell. Just at that moment the worthy 
Swiss happened to pass and at once grasped 
the humour of the situation. “Geta gun, Mr. 
Low,” he called out, “get a gun.” Of course, 
some merriment was indulged in, and the 
cockroaches made the most of their oppor- 
tunity, but we were soon after them and but 
few survived. 

I remained with Mr. Low for just two 
years and then entered the service of Mr. 
John Day, of Lower Tottenham. The houses 
then were mostly filled with ferns; there were 
not enough Orchids to fill one hand-barrow. 
Soon after Mr. Day removed to High Cross, 
where new houses were erected and the ferns 
arranged in them. Additions were constantly 
being made. The Gleichenias were Mr. 
Day’s special favourites, and from Messrs. 
Sims, of Foots Cray, choice specimens were 
constantly arriving. On one occasion the 
writer was sent to Messrs. Loddiges, at 
Hackney, for a piece of a rare Gleichenia, 
when an opportunity was taken to see their 
Orchids. Entering the Orchid house in 
company with the grower, Mr. Keith, I think, 
was his name, I was charmed with the grand 
plants of ®rides odoratum growing in 
wooden baskets and standing about on the 
floor ; they were in flower, and the beauty of 
these clean-foliaged, healthy plants with such 
an abundance of flowering spikes created a 
delight and a joy that, I must confess, has 
never left me. 

Mr. Day soon lessened the space devoted 
to ferns, and as Messrs. Low were constantly 
receiving fresh importations of Orchids many 
fine clumps were despatched to him at High 
Cross. In a short period, Vandas, A®rides, 
Saccolabiums (1 use the original designation) 
and Phalznopses, both in the imported and 
established state, were secured. All these 
plants made excellent growth and progress. 
I remember when A®rides Dayanum was at 
first described as A. virens major, but its 
superiority to that species warranted the 


ORCHID WORLD. 


colour is much more vivid; 


[September, 1916. 


distinctive appellation, and Dayanum remains, 
in honour of the man whose name it bears. 
One other plant which I well remember 
was the Assam variety of Dendrobium 
Wardianum ; this was grown under the name 
D. Falconeri obtusum, and in some respects 
differed from the Burmese form, which has 
much stouter bulbs, each producing from 
twelve to thirty flowers. The Assam variety 
has much thinner bulbs on which the nodes 
are more pronounced ; the flowers, too, are a 
little smaller, the sepals and petals slightly 
narrower than the Burmese form, but the 
though the 
flowers were less in number, the intensity of 
the coloration made up for this deficiency. 
After three years’ service with Mr. Day, I 
became general foreman at Bowes Manor, 
Southgate, and also had a season’s duty at 
landscape work at Stroud Park, Herne, Kent. 
I then entered Mr. Day’s employ for a second 
term of three years, and it was whilst at High 
Cross, Tottenham, that I became specially 
enamoured with the A®rides, Vandas and 
Saccolabiums, the former being represented 
by» specimens 3—5 feet high, full of leaves, 
some with shoots rising from the base, and in 
their season flowering most profusely. Among 
the Afrides were plants of odoratum, in 
several varieties, Dayanum, crispum, Lar- 
pente, Lindleyanum, Fieldingn, affine roseum, 
Lobbii and Schroderi, Of the Vandas, 
tricolor and suavis were the principal ones, 
though, of course, teres and ccerulea ever had 
a fair share of attention and rewarded us 
accordingly. Of the Saccolabiums, there were 
guttatum, retusum, praemorsum, curvifolium, 
and others, all vigorous and pleasing. I 
remember on one occasion being set to tie up 
a Saccolabium, and when it was finished 
thirty-three spikes had been attended to; the 
whole was indeed an attractive sight. Mr. 
Stone, the grower, whose name is perpetuated 
in Cypripedium Stonei, managed his plants 
well; at the Crystal Palace and the Regent's 
Park Shows he invariably proved himself an 
honourable first-prize winner. Interesting, 
too, at this period, were the East Indian 
plants shown by R. Bullen, gardener to Dr. 
Butler, of Woolwich, whose collection of 300 


September, 1916. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 


lots was sold for £41,500, Saccolabium 
guttatum and S. giganteum realising 452 and 
£40 respectively. Also the Saccolabiums 
staged by Mr. Shuttleworth from Messrs. 
Bunney, of Stratford. 

During my stay at High Cross, more 
especially the first three years, I had to attend 
to the stoking and regulate and chronicle the 
temperatures. During the keen winters of 
1859—1861 it frequently happened that I 
had to stay late in order to drive the fire, 
which was not a very brisk one. On many 
occasions | had to remain until midnight and 
even till two or three in the morning, often 
whiling away the time, with the aid of a 
lantern or candle, drawing with pencil some 
of the plants in flower. I did not possess a 
watch; but before long I made myself 
acquainted with the movements of the stars, 
and on clear nights I could judge pretty well 
what time to bank up and leave the fire so 
that all would be satisfactory when the next 
man came on in the early morning. Further 
glass extension followed, and many rare 
species and varieties were constantly added 
to the collection. With the visits of numerous 
growers, whose patrons were forming collec- 
tions, was the joy of pointing out many fine 
Orchids never before seen in Britain. 

Alas, there came a sad and _ grievous 
catastrophe! A fearful storm burst upon the 
district, Tottenham suffering more than any 
other. The hailstones shattered almost every 
pane of glass in the dwelling-houses, and, of 
course, glass erections received an even 
greater share. The damage to the houses 
was great, but the plants, more especially a 
house of Phalznopses, suffered considerably, 
scores of plants with stout, healthy leaves 
6—10 inches long were literally cut to pieces, 
many splendid plants being absolutely 
ruined. Although the whole of the glass was 
soon repaired the collection of Phalenopses 
was never again so extensive and perfect. 

A large number of John Day’s Orchids 
were painted by Mr. C. B. Durham, and 
many a time have I placed on a table the 
plants he was about to paint. I knew this 
artist well, he was a cheerful and pleasant 
soul, and lately I have read with interest the 


MOT V1: 


iS 
dS 
ur 


account of his work published in the ORCHID 
WORLD, Volo V., 9-182: 

After some short service in an amateur’s 
collection I was engaged by Mr. Sam Mendel, 
of Manley Hall, Manchester, whose name is 
perpetuated in Cattleya Mendelu, which was 
first introduced by Messrs. Low and Co. in 
1870 and shortly afterwards by Messrs. Back- 
house, who named it in compliment to Mr. 
Mendel. It appears to have first flowered in 
England in June, 1871, in the collection of 
Mr. John Day. The magnificent conserva- 
tory and fernery adjoining Manley Hall were 
ever attractive and a delight to all who had 
an opportunity of inspecting them. The glass 
erections were numerous and well adapted to 
the different plants and fruit to which they 
were devoted. 

The Orchids, over which I had charge, 
comprised as complete a collection as could 
be gathered together during the early 
seventies. The plants, generally speaking, 
were of good size, especially Cattleyas and 
Epidendrums. Six plants of Dendrobium 
nobile completely filled the central stage of a 
large sized span-roofed house. Odonto- 
glossums, as well as Dendrobiums in baskets, 
were a special feature, and many of these 
latter plants when subsequently sold by 
auction realised from £20 to 430 each, which 
gives some idea of their excellence. Of the 
Vandas, A©rides, Phalanopses, Saccolabiums, 
Angreecums and superb specimens of Cypri- 
pediums I[ just make mention. It is unneces- 
sary to run over the species and varieties, 
since all were represented, the plants being 
of large size and full of vigour. After I had 
been at Manley Hall three years Mr. Mendel 
decided to sell everything in the house and 
garden, much to the regret of a large number 
of employees. The sale of the plants, which 
took place in April, 1873, occupied seven 
days, the first four being entirely devoted to 
the Orchids. The total sum realised was 
£6,000. Saccolabium guttatum superbum 
made £46, Cypripedium Stonei £38, 
Oncidium splendidum £47 and Masdevallia 
Linden: 439. 

I next entered the service of Mr. W. Leech, 
of Oakley, Fallowfield, Manchester, where, 


30 


226 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


after some thirteen years, a similar experience 
occurred to that I had passed through at 
Manley Hall. Mr. Leech and family removed 
to Palace Gardens, Kensington, and every- 
thing was sold and cleared away. This was a 
most painful experience, as I had become 
quite attached to the place, having a most 
kind and considerate employer, fond of his 
Orchids and ever anxious to secure new, rare 
or other choice specimens. The East Indian 
plants were just superb. I have not seen such 
a collection since. The whole were well 
leaved, and bloomed freely and regularly. 
Here I raised hundreds of Cypripedium 
hybrids, including C. Swanianum (Dayanum 
x barbatum); the former parent was 
discovered by Mr. (afterwards Sir Hugh) 
Low in north-east Borneo, and sent home 
with some nephentes to the nursery of 
Messrs. Low and Co., from whom Mr. John 
Day acquired the box and all its contents. 
The Nephentes arrived dead, but a few of 
the Cypripediums survived, and one of them 
which flowered at Tottenham in 1800 was 
named Dayanum. 

Calanthes were also a special feature in the 
Fallowfield collection, especially C. Veitchu, 
one of the flower spikes of which was used as 
the subject for the coloured plate in Warner’s 
“Orchid Album.” These Calanthes were 
placed in rows among the East Indian 
Orchids, so that they, blooming as they do 
without their leaves, might haye their beauty 
enhanced by the foliage of A®rides and 
Vandas. Among the Dendrobium hybrids 
was the delightful D. Leechianum (aureum x 
nobile), now considered a variety of D. 
Ainsworthu. Some forty plants passed away 
when the collection was sold, and I have 
every reason to believe the purchasers were 
not losers by the transaction. Thunia 
Bensoniz was another success in the Fallow- 
field collection, as also were Oncidium 
macranthum and Aé®rides crassifolium. 

Cymbidium Parishu flowered for the first 
time in England in Mr. Leech’s collection, in 
1878, just before other plants of it flowered 
in the collection of Mr. John Day. 

Of Mr. G. Hardy I have most vivid 


recollections, and well remember his personal 


|September, 1916. 


request that I should visit him at Pickering 
Lodge, Timperley, to: see his wonderful new 
Cattleya, now known as C. Hardyana, and 
with which I was truly charmed. 

When I left Oakley it almost seemed as if 
my services with Orchids were likely to 
terminate, yet, after some delay, I entered the 
service of Mr. E. G. Wrigley, of Howick 
House, Preston, where I found a good 
collection of plants, the Cattleyas being 
extensively represented. My first labour here 
was the potting of a thousand clumps of 


Cattleya Mossiz, many of the pieces having 


four to six leads. This was no simple under- 
taking and took considerable time. When 
the last was finished the whole were arranged 
in what had been a very large pine stove. 
The plants soon established themselves in 
their new home, and though no shade was 
given they were in no way harmed. In fact, 
many produced five flowers on a bulb, and 
were of an unusually firm texture. My stay 
at Howick was of brief duration—just two 
years. 

For some months I took duty at the Public 
Parks at Preston, afterwards accepting an 
engagement with Mr. G. C. Raphael, of Castle 
Hill, Englefield Green, Surrey. The grounds 
here were, and still are, very extensive, with 
good glass erections, which in those days 
were filled with plants of a distinct and 
decorative nature. The Orchids filled several 
houses of good size, which were well adapted 
to their respective occupants. Whilst serving 
here I raised hundreds of Cypripedium 
seedlings, among them being some choice 
forms of Leeanum, nitens and radiosum. 
Most of these are still at Castle Hill, and in 
the early winters I have had the delight of 
gazing upon these glorious plants. Many of 
the specimens carried thirty to forty flowers, 
there being numerous instances of two flowers 
on a spike, and several with three perfect 
flowers. Two thousand blooms were open at 
the time of my last visit, which was in January 
of the present year. The seeds were sown on 
the top of the soil of other Cypripediums, and 
in due course came up by scores and 
hundreds, for in watering the larger plants 
many seeds must have been washed over the 


September, 19106. | 


Pore wand of te \the stages; the little 
Cypripediums appeared as freely as cress. 

After some five years I relinquished this 
post and accepted an engagement with Mr. 
J. P. Bryce, of Exmouth, Devonshire. Here, 
again, I had five years’ pleasant service in a 
delightful place, where the extensive grounds 
were well laid out and thoroughly kept. On 
the family going abroad everything movable 
was sold by auction, and | had the unpleasant 
duty of discharging some thirty men. 

In July, 1899, I came to Thorncote, the seat 
of Sir Edward Clarke, K.C., and for twelve 
years remained in his service. Just three 
years ago this estate was purchased by H.H. 
Maharaja Jam Saheb of Nawanagar (Prince 
Ranjitsinhji), who has had the mansion 
transformed into a hospital for wounded 
officers. During the past eight months many 
improvements have been made in the grounds, 
the whole presenting a scene of considerable 
attractiveness, which is much appreciated by 
the officers as soon as they are able to leave 
the house. The Orchid houses have been gay 
with flowers, and lately I have had a number of 
Cattleya Warscewiczi with five blooms on a 
spike, which is by no means unusual. This 
spring one spike of Cattleya Mendeli carried 
six flowers, which must be a record number. 
—Wm. Swan, Jamnagar House Gardens, 
Staines. 


Cattleya Skinneri. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 227 


ODONTIODA MARS. 


nobite  Harryanum 


| 


| 
Rolfez triumphans 
} ese) 


Oda. Charlesworthii 
| 


Lawrenceanum 


| 
Oda. Mars. 


To me this plant has a sad association, as 
it is the first new hybrid to bloom from the 
Brackenhurst collection, now sadly no longer 
existent. I name it Mars as being suitable to 
the present time, also because Mr. Fowler 
chose that cognomen for one of his finest 
varieties of eximium, which now bears that 
title, but must be relegated to eximium Mars. 
Being much interested in any hybrids of 
triumphans descent, I acquired this plant as 
a foundation whereon to make a very large 
highly-coloured Odontioda. 

It is one of the large section of Odontiodas, 
the blooms being 3 inches across; the dorsal 
sepal 1 inch wide. The sepals are almost solid 
reddish-brown on a greenish-yellow base ; the 
backs of the sepals and petals are solid, of 
this hue; the petals, slightly marbled at the 
base, having the same overlay colour. 

The lip is 13 x # inch, pandurate, lighter 
yellow ground, almost covered by reddish- 
brown, than the sepals and petals, having a 
V-shaped margin at the apex, outside of 
which are two lines of red-brown which are 
again margined by the light yellow ground. 

The flower is a massive one and embodies 
the character of the Lawrenceanum for 
strength and substance, as does the plant 
itself —de B. Crawshay, Rosefield, Sevenoaks. 


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CYPRIPEDIUM BARBATUM.—At the Man- 
chester Show of Orchids, June, 1881, Mr. R. 
Dodgson, of Blackburn, exhibited Cypri- 
pedium barbatum with over a hundred blooms, 
and this specimen had not been made up for 
the occasion, but had been grown on from a 
single growth. 


228 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM HALLII. 


HIS fine old species, a native of 
| Ecuador, was discovered by Col. 
Hall, in 1837, in the Andean valley of 
Lloa, in the Quito district, at 8,000 feet 
elevation. A few years afterwards Hartweg 
gathered it on the western slopes of Pichincha, 
and later, Jameson in other localities on the 
Andes; but it was not until 1864—s5 that it 
became known in European collections, 
through the importations of Messrs. Low and 
Co., M. Linden, Messrs. Backhouse, and 
Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons. 

The flowering season is March—May, but 
when out of flower the plant may be distin- 
guished by its long, thin, and narrow bulbs 
with parallel close-set longitudinal furrows. 
The many-flowered spikes attain a length of 
2—4 feet. The individual flowers, which are 
slightly fragrant, have the sepals tipped with 
clear yellow, the remaining portion bearing 
large, nearly confluent, dark chocolate-red 
blotches on a yellow ground; the petals are 
more heavily tipped with yellow ; the spots on 


Odontoglossum Halli. 


[September, 1916. 


the basal area are smaller, more numerous, 
and arranged in slightly irregular lines. The 
lip is yellow, sometimes white, and more or 
less spotted with red. The well-developed 
crest on the labellum is bright yellow. 


CATTLEYA NaIpIA.—Although this hybrid 
has been known for less than a year, it has 
proved to be one of the brightest of the 
Cattleyas, the clear golden-yellow and rich 
crimson colours being remarkably attractive. 
The parents are iridescens (bicolor x 
Eldorado) and Hardyana (Warscewiczii ». 
aurea), from which it will be seen where the 
yellow of the sepals and petals is derived and 
from whence comes the exceedingly fine lip, 
for three species concerned in the parentage 
are noted for the rich coloration of their 
labellums. Messrs. Hassall and Co., who 
raised C. iridescens in 1909, have produced 
in C. Naidia not only a beautiful flower, but 
a plant whose constitution enables it to be 
cultivated successfully by every amateur. 


September, 1916. | 


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THE 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 


Cypripedium Leeanum 


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230 THE ORCHID 


AN AMATEUR’S COLLECTION. 


Orchids, so much so that they seem to be 

essential to my existence; indeed, they 
fascinate me. If the reader is an enthusiast 
he can better imagine than I can describe how 
pleased I was when my first plants were 
obtained from a saleroom in Birmingham. | 
only managed to keep one of them alive— 
Coelogyne cristata, and through not under- 
standing much about the requirements of 
Orchids I failed to flower it for several years, 
but it lived and I was at last rewarded with a 
display of its beautiful snow-white blooms. 

I would take the reader into my green- 
house, which a very valued friend has dubbed 
“ Noah’s Ark,” where he will find considerably 
over 180 varieties from all sections—cool, 
intermediate and warm, the first-named, of 
course, being near the door, and the last 
nearest the stove, with the intermediate 
section in the middle. Some are good-sized 
specimens, but the major portion are pieces 
with one lead. I would tell him that I am 
able to grow them all in one house, because | 
look after the individual requirements of each 
plant, moving them to what I deem to be the 
most suitable positions, etc., never watering 
them when they do not need it, always 
striving to keep the compost just moist when 
the plants are growing, ever keeping a very 
sharp look out for insect pests, thrip, in 
particular, in my case, and taking effective as 
well as drastic measures if necessary to 
combat them. 

I am the proud possessor of six tiny Lelio- 
Cattleya seedlings of my own raising, and 
have many hundreds of seeds germinating. 
Of course, raising from seed is a long business, 
and only those who have succeeded can fully 
appreciate the interest evinced by the raiser 
when a seedling is about to unfold its petals 
for the first time. Some day I hope to have 
the pleasure of seeing a seedling of my own 
raising on an exhibition stand. 

At one time I did not believe in shading to 
any very great extent, but am now converted, 
as the following will show: Returning home 
one evening I noticed many of my plants 


| HAVE always had a very keen interest in 


WORLD. |September, 1916. 


looking very flimsy, some of the leaves being 
quite discoloured and even shrivelled—and 
the reason? Burnt, absolutely scorched up 
by the fierce rays of the sun, due to an exceed- 
ingly bright afternoon following a very dull 
cold morning. I, of course, had left off the 
shading on account of the conditions earlier 
in the day. As a result I had to cut off 
entirely some fifteen leaves and one or two 
growths. 

My greenhouse is a wooden-sided structure, 
lean-to, facing west-north-west, and is heated 
by means of a Meet All Coke Stove, fixed 
inside. 

I trust these few remarks will show that it is 
possible to grow Orchids in houses which have 
not been built specially for them, and without 
expensive heating systems, and so further their 
more extensive cultivation by amateurs.— 
Al. Lakin. 

As proof of Mr. Lakin’s well-merited 
success, we have received a series of photo- 
graphs, showing respectively Lelia Iona, with 
two flowers; Leelio-Cattleya callistoglossa, 
with two spikes, each carrying three large and 
well-developed flowers ; Cattleya Loddigesii, 
a fine variety with broad labellum; Stanhopea 
oculata, with a five-flowered pendulous spike ; 
Cypripedium bellatulum; a pleasing Cypri- 
pedium hybrid ; and the elegant Dendrobium 
Phalaenopsis Schréderianum. All the plants 
possess a vigorous constitution. 


Phalenopsis intermedia. 


September, 1916. | THE ORCHID 


CATTLEYA TRIANZE AS A 
PARENT. 


interesting, as they brought forth 

novelties which pleased the amateur 
and recompensed the trade grower. But as 
time went on it was discovered that some of 
our most promising seedlings produced 
flowers quite different to what were expected. 
We may mention the numerous attempts that 
were made to produce large yellow flowers by 
the use of Cattleya aurea and with disap- 
pointing results, as many other raisers have 
since found out. Again, the small Lelia 
cinnabarina and the pretty Sophronitis 
grandiflora both excited considerable interest 
years ago, as it then appeared reasonably 
certain that the cinnabar and scarlet-red of 
these two species might be carried forward 
into the larger flowering Cattleyas, but such 
has not been found practicable, the seedlings, 
while inheriting some of the desired colour, 
being small flowered. 

Now while these promising species were 
receiving so much attention, there were others 
which remained almost unnoticed, as_ their 
general characteristics did not appear of value 
to the hybridist. Cattleya Triane is one of 
these, and if we seek for the reason it is to be 
found in the comparatively weak colour of its 
flower, the oftentimes thinness of the sepals 
and petals, and that rarely more than one 
flower is produced on a spike. “ Why should 
we bother,” remarked a certain hybridist, 
“over such poor material when we have much 
finer things in C. Mendelu and C. Mossiz ?” 

Recent results, however, show that C-. 
Triane is likely to be of more assistance 
to the hybridist than has hitherto been 
expected, as the following few examples 
prove. Brasso-Cattleya Digbyano-Mossie is 
certainly a fine hybrid, but when crossed with 
C. Trane it has produced in B.-C. Cliftonu 
results that are acknowledged to be the finest 
hybrids yet seen of Brassavola Digbyana ; at 
the recent sale of Mr. J. Gurney Fowler's 
collection three varieties realised a total of 
310 guineas. 

A recent albino result is seen in Cattleya 


T early results of hybridisation were 


WORLD. 231 


Evelyn Sander (Triane alba x Dusseldorfei 
Undine), in which the pure white flowers 
have larger segments than in the latter parent. 
At the Royal Horticultural Society, February 
22nd, 1916, an Award of Merit was given to 
L.-C. Erzerum (Mrs. Temple x Triane), a 
new hybrid shown by Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown, the flower having broad segments of 
rose-purple colour. 

Going back to earlier times, when hybrids 
of Lelia purpurata were to be seen in 
abundance, L.-C. Wellsiana (Triane x 
purpurata) was always considered a worthy 
addition to any collection, for the influence 
of Triane greatly improved the dimensions 
of the purpurata petals. Another example is 
seen in L.-C. Barbarossa (Triane x callisto- 
glossa). Mention may also be made of L.-C. 
warnhamensis (cinnabarina x Triane) and 
L.-C. Myra (flava x Trianz), both popular 
hybrids in their time. It was the late Sir 
Trevor Lawrence who obtained a First-class 
Certificate for L.-C. Trimyra (Triane x 
Myra), noted for its orange-yellow colour, 
and illustrated in the ORCHID WORLD, 
WOMBLE ep. 20. 

A present day Cattleya that is enjoying 
much popularity is C. Maggie Raphael 
(Trianze alba x aurea), while another attrac- 
tive hybrid is to be seen in L.-C. Baroness 
Schréder (Triane x Jongheana) in which the 
expansive yellow throat is a noteworthy 
feature. In C. Fafner (Enid x Triane) an 
elegant hybrid has also been produced, and 
many other examples could be quoted, if 
further proof were needed. 

The majority of the above-mentioned 
hybrids were probably produced by fine 
varieties of Triane, although it is ques- 
tionable whether they were equal to the 
superb forms existing in some of the noted 
collections of to-day, and of which mention 
may be made of The Premier, Grand 
Monarch, Imperator, Mrs. de B. Crawshay 
and Lord Kitchener, the latter illustrated in 
the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. V., p. 130. 

The breeding of large Cattleyas will always 
engage the attention of Orchid fanciers, and 
those who seek for awards at the horticultural 
exhibitions. 


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Miltonia spectabilis. 


MILTONIA SPECTABILIS.—This 1s _ the 
species upon which the genus Muiltonia was 
founded by Lindley in 1837, the name being 
in honour of Viscount Milton, “one of the 
oldest and most zealous friends of natural 
science in this country.” A plant was 
originally sent to the Birmingham Botanical 
and Horticultural Society from Brazil, in 1835, 
by a Mr. Fry, who named it Macrochilus 
Fryanus, but as this name was published one 
month later than Lindley’s Miltonia specta- 
bilis it cannot be acknowledged. Messrs. 
Loddiges, of Hackney, first flowered it under 
cultivation in 1837. Several distinct varieties 
are known, that described as Moreliana being 
considered the finest ; it was sent to M. Morel, 
of St. Mandé, near Paris, in 1846, and was 
shortly afterwards cultivated by Messrs. 
Knight and Perry, at Chelsea. In the variety 
bicolor the flowers are white with a large 
plum-purple blotch at the base of the lip. 
The variety lineata is distinguished by the 
lip having seven to nine purple lines radiating 


DHE TORCEMD 


WORLD. [September, 1916. 
from a blotch of the same colour at the base 
to the margin. In radians the flowers are 
white with six club-shaped purple rays on the 
disc of the lp. Another, described as rosea, 
has light rose flowers with purple longi- 
tudinal lines on the lip. In virginalis the 
white flowers have a broad wedge-shaped 
purple blotch at the base of the lip. Odon- 
tonia Lucilia (Miltonia spectabilis x Odonto- 
glossum cirrhosum) is an interesting hybrid, 
figured and described in the ORCHID WORLD, 
Vol. LV ps 24, 


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CATTLEYA ELDORADO WALLISI.—One of 
the finest specimens of this albino variety was 
at one time to be seen in Mr. E. Corning’s 
collection at Kenwood, U.S.A. It formed an 
immense mass on an old tree stump, and 
measured six or seven feet in circumference. 
In the season of 1882 it carried no less than 
170 flowers, all open at the same time, and 
making a most enchanting picture. 


% 


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4 ¥y 


ORCHID CULTIVATION IN 1840.—As an 
example of the methods of Orchid cultivation 
employed about the year 1840, the following 
statement by Mr. Appleby, then gardener to 
Mr. Brocklehurst, may be of interest :—“I 
have lately used the following compost with 
great success for Orchidaceous plants. I 
procure a quantity of sphagnum, or common 
bog moss, I have it dried, and then chopped 
small; to this I add half-rotten willow or 
poplar wood. I prefer these woods on 
account of their great lightness, and the 
absence of resin; the wood is chopped into 
small pieces, the largest not bigger than 
pigeons’ eggs. To these I add the under 
stratum of sphagnum, which has become 
almost peat, likewise chopped fine. These 
make altogether a light open compost, which 
appears admirably to suit the plants, as they 
root in it freely, and thrive to my satisfaction. 
I use it chiefly for the species that grow upon 
trees.” Mr. Brocklehurst’s name is_ per- 
petuated in Houlletia Brocklehurstiana, which 
first flowered in his collection. 


September, 19106. | THE 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


CATTLEYA HELEN LANGLEY.—A pure 
white flower resulting from crossing Dussel- 
dorfer Undine and Mrs. Myra Peeters. 
Raised by Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher. 

ODONTIODA ETHEL.—The parents of this 
pretty rose-pink flower are Oda. chelseaensis 
and Odm. percultum. Raised by Messrs. 
Flory and Black. 

ODONTIODA PORTIA.—This the result 
of using Odm. illustrissimum and = Oda. 
Vuylstekea. Raised by Messrs. Mansell and 
Hatcher, who have flowered some large lipped 
varieties. 

ODONTIODA DAINTY.—A_ light  rose- 
coloured flower obtained by crossing Odm. 
crispum and Oda. Goodsonie, Messrs. 
Mansell and Hatcher being the raisers. 

CATTLEYA HeEsTA—A _ pleasing hybrid 
obtained by crossing C. Suzanne Hye de 
Crom and C. Warscewiczii F. M. Beyrodt. 
The sepals and petals are pure white, the lip 
mottled with purple. Raised by Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co. 

CATTLEYA SATURN.—A pure white flower 
resulting from the use of O’Brieniana alba 
and Gaskelliana alba. Raised by Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown. 

ODONTIODA BELLONA.—The parents of 
this reddish-coloured hybrid’ are Odm. 
Fascinator and Oda. Cooksonia. Raised by 
Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher. 

ODONTIODA SiR DouGLas Haic.—This 
hybrid between Odm. percultum and Odon- 
tioda Cooksonie received an Award of Merit 
when exhibited by Mr. T. Worsley at the 
Manchester Orchid Society, July 20th, 19106. 

CATTLEYA RACHEL.—This majestic hybrid 
has flowered in the collection of Mr. Philip 
Smith, Haddon House, Ashton-on-Mersey, 
whose gardener, Mr. E. W. Thompson, sends 
on the bloom for our inspection. The 
parentage is Syros (Enid x labiata) x Gaskel- 
liana, and as Enid is a cross between 
Warscewiczi1 and Mossiz this new hybrid is 
composed of four large-flowering species. 
The immense flower has all the segments 
equally well developed, the expansive 
hp showing much of the Warscewiczii 
characteristics. 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 


tN 


LA&LIO-CATTLEYA GENERAL SAKHAROFF. 
—A fine result from L.-C. callistoglossa and 
C. Gaskelliana, the large rose-purple flower 
having a wide lip with the throat bright 
orange. Raised by Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA APPAM.—The result of 
crossing L.-C. Scylla (C. Lord Rothschild x 
L.-C. Cappei) and C. aurea. In colour terra- 
cotta with rose suffusion, the lip crimson. 
Raised by Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. 


L#LIO-CATTLEYA GENERAL LETCHITSKY. 
-—A richly coloured hybrid between L.-C. 
callistoglossa) and L.-C. _ bletchleyensis. 
Raised by Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. 


CATTLEYA NENA—This promising hybrid 
was obtained by crossing C. Adula (bicolor x 
Hardyana) with C. Dietrichiana (superba x 
Hardyana), Messrs. Flory and Black being 
the raisers. A special feature is to be seen in 
the richly coloured and well-displayed lip. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM MERLDENENSE. — In 
recording this hybrid on page 210 one of the 
parents was stated to be eximium, which is an 
error. The correct parentage is percultum x 
mirum, as recorded on page 216 in the report 
of the Manchester Orchid Society for June Ist, 
1916, on which date it was awarded a First- 
class Certificate. 

CATTLEYA LODDORADO.—A flower of this 
elegant hybrid comes from Mr. C. J. Lucas, 
of Warnham Court, Horsham, who raised it 
from C. Loddigesti crossed with C. Eldorado. 
The sepals and petals mauve-pink, the tubular 
labellum bright yellow inside, the front lobe 
purple. This is a pleasing addition to the 
Eldorado hybrids. 

CATTLEYA KITTY WREN.—This is a large 
flower of a pleasing rose-purple colour, the 
segments being well balanced and_ the 
labellum broad and open. 
Gaskelliana and Fabia. 
Charlesworth and Co. 


L#4LIO-CATTLEYA LEMBERG.—The re- 
sult of crossing L. tenebrosa and C. Germania 
(granulosa x Hardyana). The wide flower has 
the sepals and petals of a bronzy-buff tint, 
the elongated — labellum crimson-purple. 
Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 


The parents are 


Raised by Messrs. 


234 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


ORCHIDS.* 


LL the care bestowed upon the packing 
A of recently collected plants is rendered 
useless if the cases containing them 
are stored in an unsuitable place in the steam- 
ship, as, for example, near the boilers, or on 
deck, where they would be subject to extreme 
atmospheric fluctuations, hence ample precau- 
tions are needed if the traveller desires to 
return home with his collection in a satis- 
factory condition. Orchids having fairly 
tough bulbs travel better than those consisting 
of fleshy leaves, such as Phalanopses, which 
are best treated by semi-establishing them on 
small blocks of wood before being packed. 
These prepared plants, on arriving at their 
destination, are thus supplied with a root 
system capable of immediate action directly 
moisture is supplied, consequently they 
recover their former vitality much quicker 
than plants which have first to make new 
roots. In Java this matter has received 
needful attention, and_ special shelters 
lave been erected for the preparation of 
Phalenopses, large quantities of which are 
periodically despatched to England, Japan 
and the United States. 

Considerable attention is being directed to 
the raising of seedling Orchids from selected 
parents, and the favourable results obtained 
show that there is but little necessity to 
continue the importing of the majority of 
species, at least in anything like the immense 
quantities that have been collected in years 
gone by. Something more than a general 
interest is now being taken, and growers are 
specialising in one or more genera, with the 
satisfactory result that progress takes place in 
the improvement of the flower. All this leads 
to a much closer examination of the individual 
flower, its construction, and possibilities of 
alteration. 

In the construction of an Orchid flower two 
whorls, each comprising three segments, stand 
out prominently. The outer whorl consists of 
three sepals, plainly visible in Odontoglossums 


*Brief report of lantern slide lecture given by Mr. Gurney 
Wilson at the Royal Horticultural Society, August 15th, 
1916. Chairman: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., V.M.H. 


[September, 1916. 


and Cattleyas, but rather less so in the genus 
Cypripedium, in which the two lateral sepals 
are joined together, forming one apparent 
sepal, situated just behind the labellum. In 
Cypripedium species the dorsal sepal is more 
fully developed than the lower or ventral 
sepal, and on account of this initial advantage 
Cypripedium breeders have mainly directed 
their attention to the further improvement of 
this one segment, until, as experience proves, 
the limits of development appear to have been 
almost reached. Instances in which an 
advance is noticeable are now so few that 
many a former enthusiast considers the task 
hopeless and unprofitable. On this account it 
seems advisable to commence work with the 
improvement of the hitherto neglected lower 
sepal, and the wide field for work which is 
thereby opened up is one that should yield 
many encouraging results. In aé_ few 
hybrids some favourable results have already 
appeared, but these may be described as 
accidental, for, judging by the parents used, 
the raisers were really considering the 
meritorious points of the dorsal sepal. 
Mention may here be made of Cypripedium 
Lord Wolmer, Westonbirt variety, in which 
the lower sepal is developed to dimensions 
almost equalling those of the dorsal sepal. 
The inner whorl is made up of two definite 
petals and a third segment, called the lip or 
labellum, which is really a modified petal. In 
some varieties of Odontoglossums, as, for 
example, O. crispum Lady Jane, the petals 
bear similar marks to those on the lip, showing 
the close relationship existing between them. 
Cattleya intermedia Aquinu is a constant 
variety in which the petals bear purple marks 
like the one on the apex of the lip. A third 
example may be seen in Dendrobium nobile 
Cooksonu, the dark blotch of the lip bemg 
repeated on the base of the petals. In two 
flowers of Cattleya Trianze one had the 
normally developed labellum, while the 
other had the corresponding segment flatly 
displayed, in similar style to the lateral petals, 
thus revealing an ancestral condition, or an 
early stage in the history of the plant's 
evolution. On rare occasions the flower 
becomes regular by the two lateral petals 


September, 1916. | 


assuming the shape of the labellum, thus 
making three labellums in all; such examples 
are termed irregular pelorism, for the whorl 
is made up of three similarly irregular 
segments. 

Before considering the reproductive organs 
it will be well to examine a flower of Lilium 
auratum, which will be found not unlike an 
Orchid as regards its outer whorl of three 
sepals and its inner whorl of three broader 
petals. In the centre of the flower is situated 
the style, on the apex of which the stigma is 
placed; around it are six stamens, each 
consisting of a filament and anther. Fertili- 
sation is effected by the wind or insects 
transferring pollen from the anthers to the 
stigma. Although an Orchid flower contains 
potentially also six stamens, arranged in two 
whorls of three, some of them are difficult to 
trace. The median one of the outer whorl 
and the two lateral ones from the inner whorl 
assist in forming the column, in which the 
style with its stigmatic lobes is included. In 
the diandrous section, which includes the 
genus Cypripedium, it is the two lateral 
stamens that are fertile; while in the monan- 
drous class only the median stamen is fertile. 
To this latter class belong the popular 
Cattleyas, | Odontoglossums, 
Dendrobiums, Vandas, etc. 

Insect agency is necessary to transfer the 
pollen of Orchidaceous plants, and very 
interesting are some of the means by which 
this is accomplished. The genus Coryanthes 
shows an extraordinary adaptation to insect 
fertilisation, part of the labellum being formed 
in the shape of a bucket, kept full of an 
appetising liquid, into which the insects are 
attracted, their only means of escape being a 
narrow passage, through which they crawl 
and in so doing unconsciously remove the 
pollen and carry it off on their backs to the 
next flower visited, where the process is 
repeated. A fuller description of this inter- 
esting procedure is given in the ORCHID 
WORLD, Vol -Il.,. p..~ 28, together with 
illustrations of Coryanthes Balfouriana, and 
in Vol. VI., p. 158, concerning C. macrantha. 

Fertilisation results in the formation of a 
capule, or seed-pod as it is called by 


Oncidiums, 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 235 


Orchidists. In the case of the Vanilla Orchid 
a commercial value it attached to the pods on 
account of the well-known flavouring essence 
which is prepared from them, 

On the conclusion of the lecture, the 
chairman, Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., 
referred to some interesting points in connec- 
tion with the fertility of Dendrobium seed in 
its native country as well as under artificial 
cultivation. Mr. W. Swan’s remarks on the 
different positions of the labellum, and also 
on a hybrid between a Cypripedium and a 
Selenipedium, were of considerable value. 
Among others who entered into the discus- 
sion was a lady amateur, who referred to the 
amount of atmospheric moisture required. 


Miltonia candida. 


MILTONIA  CANDIDA.—This handsome 
Brazilian species first flowered in Messrs. 
Loddiges’ nursery in 1838, although imper- 
fectly. According to Sir Wm. Hooker it was 
originally imported from Brazil by the Earl 
of Arran, but very little appears to be known 
of its real habitat. The flowers, produced in 
the autumn months, are _ chestnut-brown 
tipped and spotted with yellow, the lip white 
with light purple blotches on the disc. 


236 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


SELECTING SEEDEINGS: 


F in former times seedling Orchids were 
few and far between, their presence was 
a continued source of pleasure to the 
owner as well as wonderment to the visitor. 
But the difficulties experienced in the past 
have given place to results of so satisfactory 
a nature that in the words of a well-known 
raiser success now smiles upon us. 

The amount of success that comes to an 
individual engaged in the interesting work of 
seed-raising is judged according to the 
number of seedlings he requires. Thus, an 
amateur may justly be pleased with 100 
seedlings from some particular seed-pod, and 
if from these he succeeds in growing on and 
flowering fifty then satisfaction is obtained. 
But a trade grower with his exhibition needs 
and wide circle of customers would more 
likely require 1,000 seedlings, of which 750 
might well be expected to ultimately reach 
the flowering stage. 

It is common knowledge that some genera 
are more easily raised than others, and, 
further, that certain species are particularly 
vigorous and produce seed which germinates 
rapidly and in such immense quantities that 
only a small proportion of the tiny seedlings 
are pricked off for future requirements. 
Whether it be the amateur who wants but 
fifty or the trade grower who desires ten or 
twenty times the number, each class of 
raiser, in order to keep within the limits of 
his stage accommodation, generally finds it 
necessary to select the number he requires 
and to discard the remainder, which in some 
seed-pans will amount to thousands and even 
tens of thousands. 

The question of deciding which seedlings 
to select and which to discard is one of great 
importance, far more so than it may on first 
thoughts appear to amateurs. Consider the 
Sophronitis hybrids, in which the intention of 
the hybridist was to produce large flowers of 
scarlet colour, and with what results, the 
seedlings vary in size as much as the flowers 
do in colour. One fact, however, always 
comes out prominently in the general results 
—when the seedlings resemble the habit of 


[September, 1916. 


the Sophronitis parent then do the flowers 
show the greatest tendency to inherit the 
required scarlet colour; the seedlings which 
erow the strongest and most closely resemble 
the other parent are fairly certain to yield the 
largest flowers, but they do not carry forward 
the required colour. Hence, it is readily seen 
that in selecting for future cultivation the 
seedlings from a Sophronitis cross it is 
necessary to pick out not the strongest 
or largest in size, but those which most 
closely resemble the habit of the Sophronitis 


~ parent. 


There are several strong distinguishing 
points which serve as guides to the selection 
of certain characters. Mention may be made 
of the long bulbs of Lelia cinnabarina, L. 
harpophylla, Cattleya imtermedia and C-. 
Loddigesu ; also of the shorter bulbs, as seen 
in C. labiata and others of its section. Then 
there is the difference in the foliage, some 
species bearing but a single leaf, while others 
carry two and sometimes three. These char- 
acteristics are nearly all visible in the early 
stages of the seedling’s existence, and the 
seed-raiser is thus considerably assisted in 
distinguishing and pricking out the very 
seedlings which will in the majority of cases 
produce the anticipated qualities in their 
flowers. 

It is the custom among certain raisers to 
prick-off the required number of seedlings 
from any particular sowing as soon as they 
are large enough to be conveniently handled, 
the remainder are then thrown away. This 
method has much to commend itself as 
regards selecting vigorous plants, that 1s, 
seedlings which will rapidly reach the flower- 
ing stage and also prove suitable for amateurs, 
for it is of little use raising fine hybrids if their 
constitution is so poor that very few 
amateurs can keep them alive for more than 
two or three seasons. Hence, in selecting 
the most vigorous seedlings from the seed- 
pan, consideration should always be given to 
the parentage involved. In many instances 
the qualities desired to be perpetuated belong 
to a vigorous parent, and in this case 
the cultivator acts wisely in selecting the 
strongest seedlings. 


September, 1916. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 237 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOGIETY. 


July 18th, 1916. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sin Hamy J. Veitch Gm ‘the schair);.. Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Messrs. J. O’Brien 
(hon. sec.), Pantia Ralli, W. Bolton, S. W. 
Flory, R. A. Rolfe, Gurney Wilson, W. Cobb, 
J. Charlesworth, T. Armstrong, W. H. White 
and J. W. Potter. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Lelio-Cattleya Momus (L.-C. Rubens x C. 
Octave Doin), from Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co.—Not only is this a majestic flower, 
but it is truly remarkable for being produced 
on so small a plant. The influence of L. 
pumila, derived through the former parent, is 
seen in the flatly displayed broad petals 
of rosy-purple colour, while the broadly 
expanded labellum shows the crimson-purple 
of C. aurea with the effective gold veining in 
the throat. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Saturn Orchidhurst var. (O’ Brien- 
iana alba x Gaskelliana alba), from Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown.—One of the prettiest 
of the albino Cattleyas, the petals being erect 
and stiff, while the labellum is neatly formed. 
The whole flower is pure white, save for some 
yellow in the throat, and forms a welcome 
addition to the albino section. 

Miltonia vexillaria var. Dreadnought, from 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. — An 
extremely fine form of this well-known 
species, the large flowers being rose-coloured 
with darker veining. 

Cattleya Hesta (Suzanne Hye de Crom x 
Warscewiczu F. M. Beyrodt), from Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co.—A large and well-set 
flower with pure white sepals and petals, the 
disc of the labellum mottled with purple. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. were awarded 
a Silver Flora Medal for a group containing 


some fine varieties of Miltonia Charlesworthu, 
the handsome Dendrobium acuminatum, 
Cattleya Warscewiczu “Mrs. E. Ashworth,” 
with large blush-white flowers, and Odontioda 
Zenobia lilacina, a pretty variety of pale lilac 
tint. 

Ernest Mocatta, Esq., Woburn Place, 
Addlestone, showed Lelio-Cattleya Carmen- 
cita, Woburn Place variety, a pleasing flower 
with pale yellow sepals and petals, and rich 
purple-crimson lip. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. were awarded 
a Silver Flora Medal for a group of several 
very fine varieties of Cattleya Warscewiczi1, 
one having as many as O flowers on a 
spike. Other Orchids included Epidendrum 
nemorale, with a many-flowered spike, the 
new L.-C. Vesuvius, Cattleya Gaskelliana 
“Fairy Queen,” the handsome B.-C. Ilene 
and L.-C. Rubens. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown received a 
Silver Banksian Medal for a neat exhibit, in 
which were the richly coloured Odontonia 
brugensis, Odontoglossum  crispum var. 
Admiral Beatty, a fine form with solid 
blotching, O. promerens var. Perilla, with 
reddish-brown blotching on white ground, 
and L.-C. Teucra, Orchidhurst variety. 

G. W. Bird, Esq., The Manor House, West 
Wickham, Kent, exhibited Odontioda 
Vesper, of unknown parentage, with a spike 
of 13 rose-coloured flowers, the central area 
of each segment blotched with orange-red. 
Also O. eximium, Manor House variety, with 
a spike of 14 flowers, in colour claret-red with 
a narrow white margin. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. staged a fine plant 
and variety of Odontoglossum Harryanum 
with a spike of 12 large flowers; and two 
excellent varieties of Cattleya Sybil with 
brightly-coloured segments. 

Messrs. Flory and Black exhibited three 
distinct varieties of Disa Blacku, a pretty 
variety of Odontoglossum Smithu, and the 
new Odontioda Ethel (Oda. chelseaensis x 
Odm. percultum). 


August Ist, 1916. 


MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the chair), 


238 THE ORCHID- WORLD. 


Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Pantia Rally, 
C. J. Lucas, S. W. Flory, Gurney Wilson, J. 
Cypher, E. R. Ashton, ©.) BH. Curtis Re 
Brooman-White, W. H. Hatcher, R. A. Rolfe, 
W. Cobb, T. Armstrong, J. Charlesworth and 
A. Dye. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lelio-Cattleya General Letchitsky (callis- 
toglossa x  bletchleyensis), from Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co.—A showy hybrid, in 
which the sepals and petals are bright rose 
and the lip deep purple, with a narrow margin 
of lilac. 

Lelio-Cattleya Maqueda (L.-C. Geo. 
Woodhams x C. Lord Rothschild), from 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown.—A fine 
result, the large flowers showing much of the 
habit of the richly coloured L.-C. Geo. Wood- 
hams. The wide labellum is ruby-crimson. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
showed Lelio-Cattleya eximia Gatton Park 
variety, a fine form, obtained by crossing C. 
Warneri and L. purpurata Hardyana. A 
special feature is the large and deep purple 
labellum. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a well- 
arranged group, containing the new L.-C. 
General Sakharoff (L.-C. callistoglossa x C. 
Gaskelliana), as well as L.-C. Appam (L.-C. 
Scylla x C. aurea). Other noteworthy plants 
were Odontoglossum Harryanum, good 
varieties of Odontioda Brewii, well-flowered 
Vanda ccerulea, and some excellent forms of 
Cattleya Warscewiczil. 

Messrs. Flory and Black staged Cattleya 
Nena (Adula x Dietrichiana), a new hybrid of 
dark purple colour, the crimson-purple lip 
showing much of the bicolor habit, derived 
through the former parent. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown exhibited a 
large and dark form of Cypripedium Daisy 
Barclay, a fine variety of Odontoglossum 
crispum, Cattleya Hardyana and varieties of 
Odontiodas. 


[September, 1916. 


Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher showed 
Cattleya Helen Langley, a pure white flower, 
derived from C. Dusseldorfe1 Undine and 
Mrs. Myra Peeters. 


August 15th, rg16. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J]. Veitch. Gn the) cham) 35m 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Messrs. Jas. 
O’Brien (hon. sec.), J. Charlesworth, W. 
Bolton, T. Armstrong, Pantia Ralli, E. R. 
Ashton, W. Cobb, R. A. Rolfe, Gurney 
Wilson, 9. Flory, oC He Corie tae 
Hanbury and Wm. Thompson. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Weedonaurea (weedoniensis x 
aurea), from His Grace the Duke of Marl- 
borough, Blenheim Palace.—In this showy 
hybrid the spike carried 3 large flowers of a 
pleasing rose-crimson colour, the well- 
developed labellum being deep crimson-red. 
The former parent is a hybrid between 
granulosa and Mendeli. 

Lelio-Cattleya Servia (L.-C. St. Gothard 
x C. Enid), from Messrs. Charlesworth and 
Co.—This bold flower is one of the best yet 
seen of this comparatively new hybrid; the 
segments are broad and richly coloured with 
varying purple tints. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


To. Mr. F.. W. Thurgood, - on: to wei: 
Pitt, Esq., Stamford Hill, for a handsome 
specimen of Odontoglossum aspidorhinum, 
carrying about 25 spikes, the individual 
flowers having a white labellum, fringed at 
the margin, and with an occasional crimson 
spot. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. were awarded 
a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group, con- 
taining the interesting Oncidioda Cybele, 
Odontonia Lairessez, with a many-flowered 
spike, the new Cattleya Kitty Wren (Gaskel- 
liana x Fabia), C. Hesta, with pure white 


September, 1916. } THE 


sepals and petals, Odontioda Royal Gem, 
Odontoglossum ardentissimum var. Pinta- 
deau, with a spike of 8 reddish-purple 
flowers, Lzelio-Cattleya Appam, brightly 
coloured, and Brasso-Cattleya Moneta, with 
large whitish flowers and deeply fringed 
labellum. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. received a 
Silver Banksian Medal for an exhibit in the 
centre of which wasa superb plant of Cattleya 
Warscewiczii with five spikes and 20 large 
flowers; another plant of this species carried 
a spike of 7 flowers. There were also good 
varieties of Cattleya Atalanta, C. fulvescens, 
C. aurea and C. Wavriniana. An unusually 
large variety of Oncidium crispum and several 
good forms of O. Kramerianum were also 
noticed. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. received a Silver 
Banksian Medal for an attractive exhibit of 
their new strain of Cattleya Adula, the plants 
being four years old and exhibiting superb 
qualities. C. Sybil (iridescens x aurea) was 
also well shown, the variety Lord French 
having an unusually fine labellum, the isthmus 
bright orange-yellow, the front ruby-crimson. 
A pleasing variety of Cattleya Hardyana 
added another point of attraction to this 
meritorious group. 

Dr. Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton, 
exhibited Leelio-Cattleya Colmaniana var. 
Bryndir, a fine form with 3 large flowers, the 
sepals and petals deep rose-purple, the 
labellum ruby-crimson. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown staged the 
new Lelio-Cattleya Lemberg (tenebrosa x 
Germania), with bronzy-buff flowers, the 
elongated labellum crimson-purple. Also 
Odontioda Cooksonize, with a spike of 12 
round flowers of scarlet-red colour, and L.-C. 
Maqueda, with a dark purple labellum. 

Fred. J. Hanbury, Esq., Brockhurst, East 
Grinstead, exhibited Cypripedium Miss Faith 
Hanbury (niveum x glaucophyllum), the plant 
carried two spikes on the same growth, with 3 
flowers in all, these being china white with 
shght rose flush and minute spotting arranged 
in lines. 

Mr. C. F. Waters, staged a good variety of 
Vanda ccerulea. 


ORCHID WORLD. 239 


MANCHESTER ORCHID 


SOCIETY. 

July 6th, 1910. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Messrs. 
A. Hanmer (in the chair), J. C. Cowan, J. 
Cypher, P. Foster, W. Gilden, A. R. Handley, 
AS J: Keeling; J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. 
Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp and H. Arthur 
(Secretary). 

A Silver Medal was awarded to R. Ash- 
worth, Esq., for a good group of various 
Orchids. Other exhibitors included O. O. 
Wrigley, Esq. T. Worsley, Esq., Col. Sir 
John Rutherford, Messrs. Keeling and Sons 
and Messrs. Hassall and Co. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Naidia var. Mary Worsley, and 
Odontoglossum plumptonense var. Carter 
Place. Both from Tom Worsley, Esq. 

Miltonia Sandere “ Beardwood var.” From 
Col. Sir John Rutherford, Bart., M.P. 

Miltonia Hyeana “ Ashlands var.,” a home- 
raised seedling. From R. Ashworth, Esq. 


FIRST-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 


To Mr. E. Rogers, for Phalznopsis 
Rimestadiana. 


The Secretary regrets to record the death, 
after a rather long illness, of Mr. Ziba A. 
Ward, one of the earliest and most enthu- 
silastic members of the Society, who passed 
away peacefully on the evening of Tuesday, 
July 4th, 1916. The Society was represented 
at the interment by Messrs. H. Arthur, A. R. 
Handley and D. McLeod. 


July 20th, 1916. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, P. Foster, 
A. R. Handley, A. Hanmer, A. J. Keeling, 
J. Lupton, D. McLeod, S. Swift, H. Thorp 
and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Silver Medal was awarded to Tom 
Worsley, Esq.; other exhibitors included 
Philp Smith, Esq., O. O. Wrigley, Esq., and 
Col. Sir John Rutherford, Bart. 


240 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lelio-Cattleya Rubens var. Arthur and 
Cattleya Hesta. From P. Smith, Esq. 

Odontioda Sir Douglas Haig (Odm. 
percultum x Oda. Cooksoniz). From Tom 
Worsley, Esq. 

Cattleya Comet var. Leonara. From Col. 
Sir John Rutherford, Bart. 


FIRST-CLASS CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 


To Mr. E. Rogers for a magnificent plant 
of Cymbidium Humblotu, carrying a branched 
spike of 75 flowers and buds. 


August 3rd, 1916. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, J. 
Cypher, J. Evans, P. Foster, W. Gilden, D. 
McLeod, S. Swift and H. Arthur (secretary). 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., for a fine group of Orchids. 
Other exhibitors included T. Worsley, Esq., 
Philip Smith, Esq., Messrs. Stuart Low and 
Co., Messrs. Cypher and Sons, and Messrs. A. 
J. Keeling and Sons. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cattleya aurea var. Troilus, a large flower 
of good colour. From R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Dupreana superba, an immense 
flower with broad petals of dark rose-purple 
colour. From Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Atalanta “ Carter Place var.,” L.-C. 
callistoglossa var. Worsleyi, Cypripedium 
Pytho var. Brutus, and Odontioda Bruin. All 
from Tom Worsley, Esq. 

Cattleya Sibyl var. Reine de Saba, Cattleya 
Lord Rothschild var. Tiberis, and Odontioda 
Brewu var. highfieldensis. All from R. 
Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontioda Brewii var. Rainbow. 
Philip Smith, Esq. 


From 


[September, 1916. 


AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 


Odontoglossum promerens album, a home- 
raised seedling of the albino type. From R. 
Ashworth, Esq. 


Selenipedium caricinum. 


SELENIPEDIUM CARICINUM.—This species 
was originally discovered by Bridges in 
Bolivia, from whose herbarium specimen it 
was named and described by Dr. Lindley. 
It was introduced by Messrs. Veitch in 1863 
through their collector Pearce, and flowered 
for the first time in England at their Chelsea 
nursery, May, 1864. A special Certificate 
was awarded the plant when exhibited at 
the Royal Horticultural Society. The 
specific name, from carex, a sedge, refers to 
the sedge-like leaves. 


Ties 


= 


VoL. 6: 


No. I. 


on 


2 
i “He 
1 gee es ale 


ee 


MO ES.. 


CATTLEYA CADUCEUS.—C._ granulosa 
Schofieldiana and C. Gaskelliana alba are 
the parents of this pretty and distinct hybrid, 
of which we have received a flower from Mr. 
H. S. Goodson’s collection (gr. Mr. G. E. 
Day). The broad petals are of a firm fleshy 
nature and light rose-pink in colour, as also 
are the sepals. The three-lobed labellum has 
the elongated median lobe effectively veined 
with bright purple upon a pinkish ground. 


GY aN uy 


CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA ALBA.—Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co. exhibited at the 
R.H.S., September 12th, 1916, a pure white 
variety of C. Gaskelliana, which they had 
raised from seed. Apart from the meritorious 
nature of this flower, it was interesting for 
the reason that coloured varieties have also 
come from the same seed-pod; in fact, the 
seedlings have produced flowers showing a 
continuous range from rose-purple to pure 
white. 


DENDROBIUM SANDERA.—An_ excellent 
example of good cultivation was seen in the 
plant of Dendrobium Sandere exhibited by 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, September 12th, 1916. 
The two tallest bulbs measured 4 and 3 feet, 
respectively, both were well furnished with 
leaves and carried an aggregate of 50 finely 
developed flowers, pure white, with greenish 
markings on the labellum. The plant had 
been grown in a warm corner of the Cattleya 
house, which proves more suitable than the 
higher temperature generally advised. 


VOL. Vie 


THE BRACKENHURST ORCHID HOUSES.— 
The range of Orchid houses erected by the 
late Mr. J}. Gurney Fowler at Brackenhurst, 
Pembury, Tunbridge Wells, has been acknow- 
ledged by experts to be the most up-to-date 
in structural details yet seen, and at the sale 
of Mr. Fowler’s collection many amateurs 
expressed the hope that before long these 
houses may again be utilised for the cultiva- 
tion of Orchids. It will, therefore, be grati- 
fying to those who expressed this wish to 
learn that Messrs. Armstrong and Brown 
have acquired these houses on lease for the 
purpose of cultivating the large stock of 
unflowered seedlings which have been 
removed from their establishment at South- 
borough, where further accommodation is 
needed for plants that have reached the 
flowering stage. 


ONCIDIUM MICROCHILUM.—This pretty 
species, of which a flower has been received 
from Mr. Wm. Bolton, of Warrington, was 
first figured by Lindley (Bot. Reg., 1843, 
t. 23), who then remarked :—“ Although not 
a very splendid plant, it is far from being 
undeserving of notice. Its very glaucous 
flower-stem, the snow-white lip and crimson 
petals, lying as it were in the middle of dusky 
brown sepals, produce a singular and pleasing 
effect.” ©. microchilum was_ originally 
discovered by Mr. Skinner on the top of the 
Cuesta of Puentezuelas, in 1838. It was 
growing on a bare rock, with a quantity of 
dead leaves and grasses about its bulbs, and 
its roots woven into the interstices of the 
rock. It was very much exposed to the sun 
except during the middle of the day, when a 


31 


242 THE ORCHID ‘WORLD. 


ledge of rock seemed to afford it a little 
shade. As an example of the cultural method 
advised in the early days, Lindley remarked 
that it may be potted in turfy heath-mould, 
mixed with a few pieces of small potsherds, 
which will cause superfluous water to pass off 
freely. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM TARENT. 


(mirum < Kilburneanum.) 


hybrids were known it would have been 

called a blotched crispum, as almost 
everything came under this term that was not 
white grounded. 

There are points in it which show it has 
other parents than those needed to make a 
blotched crispum. The sepals and petals are 
rose-grounded, covered for two-thirds their 
area by rich purplish-brown, the tips of all 
carrying the characteristic apical v-shaped 
space where the overlay colour fails, a 
constant character in Harryanum hybrids. 
The lip is oblong, white, with a large blotch 
and basilar marks; the crest yellow, with two 
long central keels; the column small and 
heavily coloured (the anther cap also) on the 
back and down the wings. Harryanum has 
been much suppressed by the power of the 
various other species in its ancestry. 

Kilburneanum was described in THE 
ORCHID: WORLD, July,. 1912, pp: 2227he 
mirum is one of a few I raised which has 
crispum Luciani as the ¢ parent. 

This new cross is the first Odontoglossum 
hybrid that has been raised and bloomed by 
Mr. C. J. Phillips, The Glebe, Sevenoaks. 
A tiny plant, carrying but one flower, only 
gives a promise of the future. The owner 
and his energetic grower, Mr. Bucknall, are 
to be congratulated upon their entry into the 
number of successful hybridists. In 1917 the 
Odontoglossum and Odontioda hybrids will 
place The Glebe in a front rank position. 

This cross was made on June 2nd, I912, 
the seed sown July 7th, 1913, and the first 
flower produced September 4th, 1910. How 
different to the results we obtained with 
the early Odontoglossum hybrids.—de B. 
Crawshay, Rosefield, Sevenoaks. 


| F this had appeared before garden-raised 


(October, 1916. 


ODONTIODA VIVIENNE. 


HIS hybrid between Oda. Cooksonize 
‘le and Odm. crispum was _ originally 
exhibited by Mrs. Cookson at the 
meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, 
January 27th, 1914. The similarity of the 
name of the former parent to Oda. Good- 
soni 1s likely to create some confusion in the 
records, hence it is advisable to distinguish 
clearly the one from the other, for when the 
writing on the labels becomes indistinct there 
is but little difference between Cooksonize 
and Goodsonie. 


Oda. Goodsonie (parentage unknown) was 
raised by M. Vuylsteke and exhibited by Mr. 
H. S. Goodson at the Royal Horticultural 
Society, March oth, 1909. Oda. Cooksonize 
(C. Noetzliana x Odm. ardentissimum) was 
raised by Mr. N. C. Cookson and exhibited 
at the Temple Show, May 25th, 1909. Thus 
there is only a difference of a few weeks 1n 
the dates of their original flowering. 


Since the first flowering and recording of 
Oda. Vivienne (Oda. Cooksonie x Odm. 
crispum) several hybrids, presumably of 
similar parentage, have been flowered by 
other amateurs, but the name of the 
Odontioda parent has been given as Good- 
sonie, hence they have appeared as new 
hybrids and have been recorded under new 
names. 


In July, 1915, Odontioda H. Worsley was 
flowered by Mr. H. Worsley, and duly 
recorded as of the parentage Oda. Goodsonie 
x Odm, crispum. At the Holland House 
show, 1916, Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher 
exhibited Odontioda Dainty, with precisely 
similar parentage. Presuming that both these 
are correctly recorded, the latter must be 
considered a variety of the former, on account 
of its later origin. 

But the real question to decide is whether 
Goodsonie has been erroneously given for 
Cooksoniz ; if so, Oda. H. Worsley and Oda. 
Dainty can only be regarded as varieties of 
Oda. Vivienne, the earliest published name 
for the hybrid between Oda. Cooksoniz and 
Odm. crispum. 


October, 1916.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 243 


Dendrohium Palpebre flowering in the garden of H.R.H. Prince Paribatra of Siam, 
Bang-khun-Prom Palace, Bangkok, Siam. 


DENDROBIUM PALPEBR£E. 


HE above photograph shows a fine 
specimen of Dendrobium Palpebre 


flowering in the collection of H.R.H. 
Prince Paribatra of Siam, Bang-khun-Prom 
Palace, Bangkok. 

This species was discovered by Thomas 
Lobb in Moulmein, when collecting for 
Messrs. Veitch in 1849. Sir Joseph Hooker, 
when describing it in the Aznatls of the Royal 
Botanic Garden, Calcutta, Vol. V., 1895, 
remarks :—“It is singular that this beautiful 
plant should never have been figured in any 
published work on Orchids. The drawing 
here reproduced is inscribed ‘Garden of Mr. 
Lynam, March, 1867, T. Anders. The same 


from Teesta valley on sal trees, March, 1867, 
T. A.’ It must be a very rare plant, having 
hitherto been found nowhere but once in 
Sikkim, and by two collectors in Burma.” 
The specific name, Palpebre, refers to the 
fringe of long hairs like eyelashes near the 
base of the lip. 
flowered; the sepals and petals pure white, 


The racemes are loosely 
sometimes pinkish; the petals twice as broad 
and rather shorter than the lateral sepals ; the 
lip has a broad golden area in the centre and 
base. 

Veitch’s Manual of Orchidaceous Plants 
states that this species is found sparingly 
throughout Burmah, varying in colour from 
white to dark rose. According to Mayjor- 
General E. S. Berkeley the finest and most 


244 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[October, 1916. 


Cypripedium Fletcherianum (Godefroye leucochilum x W. R. Lee). 


floriferous varieties come from the Kareen 
Hills, and at one time it was to be seen at 
Amherst, growing on trees overhanging the 
river, but civilisation has quite cleared this 
district of any living plants. 

D. Palpebre received an Award of Merit 
when exhibited at the Royal Horticultural 
Society, October oth, 1894, by Messrs. Lewis 
and Co., the predecessors of Messrs. Hassall 
and Co., Southgate. 


CYPRIPEDIUM FLETCHERIANUM. — On 
account of its decisive markings this hybrid 


will always be a source of attraction in col- 
lections where Cypripediums are a speciality, 
for the chocolate-purple dots arranged in 
longitudinal lines show to advantage upon 
the cream-coloured ground. The parents are 
Godefroy leucochilum and W. R. Lee, the 
former an imported plant, perhaps of hybrid 
origin, the latter a cross between Roths- 
childianum and superbiens, and to which the 
name of Lord Derby has also been applied. 
Cypripedium Fletcherianum is named in 
honour of the Rev. J. C. B. Fletcher, M.A., 
Mundham Vicarage, Chichester, and when 
exhibited by Messrs. Low and Co. at the 
Royal Horticultural Society, September 25th, 
1906, it received an Award of Merit. 


October, 1916. | THE 


ORCHIDS AT JARVISBROOK, 
SUSSEX. 


aa HE past summer has been very bene- 


ficial to the immense collection of 
Orchids at  Jarvisbrook, Sussex, 
where Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. cultivate 
these plants with remarkable success. Some 
of the finest results are to be seen in the 
Cattleyas, which occupy several spacious 
houses, the largest entirely filled with species, 
while a greater number of slightly smaller 
houses contain the hybrids. Among several 
batches of seedlings that have recently 
reached the flowering stage 1s a promising 
cross between Cattleya Maggie Raphael alba 
and C. Hardyana alba; also Cattleya Baron 
Delbeke (Pittiana x aurea), with varying 
bronze and purple tints, the influence of 
granulosa, derived through the former parent, 
being plainly visible. Another hybrid of 
considerable merit 1s Cattleya Princess Royal, 
resulting from the crossing of Fabia and 
Hardyana. It is of interest to note that 
while most types of C. Fabia have been 
produced by the use of aurea, there is here 
to be seen a batch of plants raised from 
Dowiana and labiata; although they do not 
grow quite so vigorously the flowers are of a 
much richer colour. Several pretty varieties 
of Cattleya Gladys (Atalanta x Dowiana) 
exhibit the rich purple lip of the former 
parent, which is Leopoldii x Warscewiczil. 
One end of a span-roofed house is utilised 
for the accommodation of old and exhausted 
plants, for no matter how perfect a collection 
may be there are always to be found some 
plants that have carried a large number of 
flowers during several weeks and have been 
finally used for exhibition purposes. Others 
on this particular piece of staging are fine 
varieties of various Cattleyas that have been 
procured at the dispersal of celebrated collec- 
tions, and in which they had been neglected 
and allowed to lose their accustomed vigour. 
There are also many back bulbs that have 
been taken from the finest varieties yet seen. 
All these plants are potted in a mixture of 
English leaf-soil, covered with a layer of 
sphagnum moss, and it is surprising to see 


VOL. VI. 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 24 


un 


how quickly they form new roots and growths 
of a vigorous nature. A word of caution is 
here needed, for if the cultivator applies too 
much water the compost becomes a mass of 
sour material and brings about the speedy 
death of the plant. All plants in a leaf-soil 
mixture require less water than those growing 
ina porous fibre, although care must be taken 
that the water is not withheld to sucha degree 
as to produce actual dryness, for in the treat- 
ment of these plants of delicate constitution 
no extremes must be encountered. After a 
season or so of such treatment the majority of 
these plants recover their former vitality and 
are then replaced in the usual fibrous compost. 
Although plants make rapid headway in a 
leaf-soil compost their flowers are never so 
fine, either in substance or colour, as those 
grown in a harder material, such as is 
generally to be found in osmunda or At fibre. 

Cattleya guttata, the true form, with the 
small and stalked median lobe of the lip, 1s 
now quite a rarity, and produces many flower- 
spikes during the month of September ; it 1s 
distinct from C. Leopoldu, which bears 
slightly larger flowers and has a differently 
formed lip. Several strong plants of both 
were in flower during the same period, and 
formed excellent material for comparisons to 
be made. 

Many of the fine old species of A®rides are 
cultivated in quantity, and are always of 
interest on account of their elegance and past 
associations. At the time of a recent visit, 
the pretty A. quinquevulnerum was in flower. 
The specific name of this species refers to the 
“five wounds,” or amethyst-purple spots on 
the three sepals and two petals; the middle 
lobe of the labellum is similarly marked in 
colour, but this, which might be taken for a 
sixth “wound,” was evidently not considered 
when the species was originally named. It is 
a native of the Philippine Islands, where it 
was discovered by Cuming and sent to Messrs. 
Loddiges, in whose nursery at Hackney it 
flowered in August, 1837. 

ffrides affine, with its brightly-coloured 
flowers of amethyst-purple tints, is a well- 
known plant that is closely related to A. 
multiflorum, and authorities seem to differ as 


i) 


ios) 


246 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


to whether it is a variety of this or is entitled 
to specific rank. However, the argument does 
not affect the beauty of the plant, which 1s 
still held in esteem by many collectors. 
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. possess a fine 
variety, labelled superbum, which appears 
entitled to this additional descriptive name. 
Another A®rides of interest is the very rare 
A. maculosum Schroderi, of which a note 
appeared in THE ORCHID WORLD, Vol. V., 
p: 205. 

Dendrobium Victoria Regina has yielded 
several of its pretty flowers of rich blue during 
the month of September, quite out of the 
usual Dendrobium season. In another place 
are healthy plants of Lelia harpophylla, now 
rarely seen in present-day collections, and the 
pretty L. cinnabarina, also becoming scarce. 
These three species make quite a pretty little 
group, bearing respectively flowers of orange- 
red, cinnabar and dark blue colour. 


Whether the past season has been particu- 
larly favourable to the growth of Cattleya 
Warscewiczil, or whether the cultivators in 
charge have paid more than usual attention 
to the requirements of this species, we will not 
attempt to decide, suffice it to state that the 
plants have produced a greater number of 
flowers than has been seen in past seasons. 
One specimen carried no less than twenty 
flowers. Not only are there several varieties 
of the richest colour, but the pure white form 
stands alone in point of beauty and rareness. 


ACINETA MooREI.—The Botanical Maga- 
zine, t. 8392, contains an illustration and 
description of this new species, which was 
purchased from Messrs. Sander and Sons, 
Bruges, in 1903, for the Royal Botanic 
Garden, Glasnevin. Sir Frederick Moore 
states that the plant thrives well in a mixture 
of Osmunda fibre, good peat, and charcoal in 
a basket suspended from the roof of an inter- 
mediate house with a minimum night tempera- 
ture of 55 degrees Fahr. It is smaller than 
most of the known species, somewhat less 
vigorous, but a good grower. 


[October, 1916. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


L#LIO-CATTLEYA QUEEN MARIE.—This 
very handsome hybrid is the result of crossing 
L.-C. Walter Gott (bicolor x bletchleyensis) 
with C. aurea, a superb variety being 
exhibited by the raisers, Messrs. Sander and 
Sons, at the R.H.S., August 29th, 1910. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA CANTONIENSIS.—The 
result of crossing B.-C. Digbyano-Mendeli 
with C. aurea, and in which the deeply- 
fringed lip of B. Digbyana is strongly in 
evidence. Raised by Messrs. Sander and 
Sons. 

SOPHRO - LZLIO- CATTLEYA HANNING- 
TONU.—The parents of this neat and well-set 
flower are S.-L.-C. Goodsonu and C. aurea. 
Sepals and petals buff-yellow with rose 
suffusion and veining, the lip purplish-rose. 
Raised by Messrs. Flory and Black. 

CATTLEYA MIGUELITO.—The result of 
crossing Octave Doin with aurea, and in 
which the sepals and petals are rose-pink, the 
lip ruby-crimson with a violet shade. Raised 
by Messrs. Flory and Black. 

LALIO - CATTLEYA ROUMANIA. — By 
crossing L.-C. Lusitania (C. Iris x L.-C. 
Phryne) with C. aurea a very bright and 
attractive hybrid has been produced, Messrs. 
Hassall and Co. being the raisers. 

L&LIO-CATTLEYA GOLDEN WREN.—This 
addition to the yellow hybrids has been 
produced by crossing L.-C. Thyone (C. aurea 
x L.-C. Ophir) with C. iridescens (bicolor x 
Eldorado). Raised by Messrs. Armstrong 
and Brown. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA | BUCHAREST. — The 
parents of this novelty are L.-C. Martinettu 
and C. Caduceus (granulosa x Gaskelliana), 
Mr. C. F. Waters being the raiser. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA FLEURY.—L.-C. Issy 
(C. Leopoldu x L. tenebrosa) and C. aurea 
have produced this flower of bronze-red 
colour, the lip purplish. Raised by Mr. C. F. 
Waters. 

L#LIO - CATTLEYA KAVALA. — L.-C. 
Epicasta and C. Elvina (Schilleriana x 
Triane) were used by Mr. C. F. Waters in 
the making of this new hybrid. 

CYPRIPEDIUM VENIZELOS.—The parents 


October, 1916. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 24 


of this bold flower are Lawrenceanum and 
Lord Ossulston. Raised by Mr. C. F’. Waters. 

CYPRIPEDIUM SNOWFLAKE.—A __ very 
pretty result, in which the broad segments are 
porcelain-white, evenly marked with minute 
blackish-purple spots; the centre of the 
staminode is lemon-yellow. Raised in the 
collection of Mr. W. H. St. Quintin, 
Scampston Hall, Rillington, York, by Mr. F. 
C. Puddle. The parents are conco-bellatulum 
and niveum. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA JEWEL.—The parents 
of this novelty are L.-C. Garnet (Bowring- 
iana x La France) and C. aurea, the result 
being a large flower with the sepals and 
petals rose-crimson and having an attractive 
sheen; the labellum has the very broad apex 
ruby-purple with some crimson on the narrow 
and middle portion. Raised in the collection 
of Mr. W. H. St. Quintin, Rillington, York 
er. Mr. F. C. Puddle). 

LA&LIO-CATTLEYA CORINNA.—An attrac- 
tive and large flower showing a_ great 
improvement on the well-known L.-C. 
Wellsiana (Trianz x purpurata), which is the 
seed-bearer, the pollen plant being C. 
Triane. Flowered in the collection of Mr. 
W. H. St. Quintin, Rillington, York (gr. Mr. 
F. C. Puddle), the actual raisers being 
Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, Rawdon, 
Yorks. 

CATTLEYAS.—The following hybrids have 
flowered in the Blenheim Palace collection 
(gr. Mr. Jas. Smith) :—Cattleya Guillemont 
(Gaskelliana x Pittiana), C. Veiris (Venus x 
Iris) and C. Leomos (Fabia x Mossiz). 

LALIO-CATTLEYA LONGUEVAL. — This 
hybrid between C. aurea and L.-C. Berthe 
Fournier has been raised in the collection of 
the Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim Palace. 

BrAsso-CATTLEYAS.— The following have 
been raised in the Blenheim Palace collection 
(gr. Mr. Jas. Smith) :—Brasso-Cattleya 
Maroniris (B.-C. Mad. Chas. Maron ~x C. Iris), 
B.-C. Mad. Rosa (B.-C. Mad. Chas. Maron 
x C. Rosa Leemann) and B.-C. Enid-Hye 
(C. Enid x B.-C. Mad. Hye). 

CATTLEYA ATALIGAS.—The result of 
crossing Atalanta with Warscewiczu. Flowered 
by Mr. H. Worsley, Sherfin, Baxenden. 


“rk 


La@LIO-CATTLEYAS.—The following have 
been flowered by Mr. H. Worsley, Sherfin, 
Baxenden : —L.-C. Stonehouse (C. Triane x 
Lj.-G,.Canhamiana) and L:-C. Mrs. Harry 
Worsley (L.-C. Dominiana x L.-C. callisto- 
elossa). 

CATTLEYA WEEDONAUREA.—The result 
of crossing weedoniensis (granulosa x Men- 
delii) with aurea. Received an Award of 
Merit when exhibited at the R.H.S., August 
isth,s1010, by his Grace the Duke of 
Marlborough. 

LA&LIO-CATTLEYA AIGLESSA. — Two 
varieties of this hybrid between L.-C. Nysa 
and C. Iris have come from the raiser, Mr. 
Chas. J. Phillips, The Glebe, Sevenoaks. 
They resemble a glorified C. Loddigesu, but 
the colour of the sepals and petals is more of 
a rose-pink, while the three-lobed labellum 
has the margin of the median segment prettily 
Gtisped, as. seem) im J. crispa, one of the 
parents of L.C. Nysa. The isthmus of the 
lip shows a large area of bright yellow, while 
the side-lobes stand well up above the 
column. The seed was sown May 1oth, 1912, 
and the first flower opened August 27th, 1916. 
It is the second Lelio-Cattleya raised in The 
Glebe collection. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA LEMBERG.—In describ- 
ing this new hybrid on page 233 of our last 
issue, Messrs. Armstrong and Brown were 
given as the raisers. We regret to find this is 
an error, the actual raisers being Messrs. 
Hassall and Co., who exhibited it at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, August 29th, 1916. 


CYMBIDIUM PARISHII.—On page 217 C. 
eburneum occurs instead of C. Parishi. The 
former was discovered about the year 1837, 
and first flowered in England in 1847; the 
latter, at one time considered a variety of C. 
eburneum, was flowered in Mr. Leech’s 
collection in 1878, as stated by Mr. Wm. 
Swan on page 220. 


ROAM ORT C UE RAT a SOCGIEI—— 
Meetings will be held on October 10th, 24th, 
November 7th, 21st, and December 5th, 1910. 


248 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


CATTLEYA HARDYANA. 


VER since the year 1883, when this 
glorious Cattleya first flowered in the 


collection of Mr. George Hardy, of 
Pickering Lodge, Timperley, Cheshire, many 
large sums of money have been expended in 
procuring further examples. In the early 
days, collectors searched the districts in 
Colombia where its two parents, Warsce- 
wiczii and aurea, grow together, for C. 
Hardyana, as the majority of our readers 
know, was at one time only procurable from 
importations. On the rare occasions when 
collectors came across this hybrid in flower, 
it was possible to label the plants before being 
packed, but in the ordinary sequence of events 
this rarity could not be detected until the 
plants produced their flower under subsequent 
cultivation. It is true that a few experts who 
had gained considerable experience in the 
handling of large quantities of imported 
Warscewiczii and aurea were able by care- 
fully examining the grain on the under side 
of the leaf to pick out some of the plants of 
Hardyana that were included in large importa- 
tions, but even these did not all prove of 
high commercial value, for in common with 
the majority of species, there are good and 
bad varieties, although even an_ inferior 
Hardyana possesses some points of beauty 
that appeal to the amateur, if not to the 
specialist. 

Since the year 1885, when Mr. Hardy 
exhibited the original plant at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, and obtained a First- 
class Certificate, no less than thirty varieties 
of C. Hardyana have been certificated by this 
Society alone, which may be taken as sure 
evidence of its extreme beauty and general 
popularity. 
good reason to believe that with the fine 
parents now available we shall in the near 
future see even still finer Hardyanas. 

With the intention of reproducing the 
attractive golden-yellow sepals and petals of 
C. aurea, hybridists have utilised this species 
to a very large extent, although it cannot be 
said that the results have been entirely up to 
expectations, for in the majority of cases the 


And more than this, there is . 


[October, 1916. 


yellow is overcome by the stronger purple 
tints as seen in C. Fabia (aurea x labiata), to 
give but one familiar example. As an artist 
selects suitable pigments to paint his picture, 
so the hybridist attempts to produce his ideal 
flower by selecting the broad sepals and 
petals of one flower, the brilliantly coloured 
sepals and petals of another, and perhaps the 
attractive labellum of even a third. Yet in 
how many instances does Nature allow the 
hybridist to have his own way? Very few 
indeed. Consider the golden-yellow sepals 
and petals of C. aurea, and the number of 
times they have been used by hybridists ; in 
almost every result this fine colour has been 
overpowered by the purple of the other 
parent. In the large majority of the varieties 
of Hardyana the sepals and petals are more 
or less mottled with the rose-purple pigment 
of C. Warscewiczii. Only when a_ white- 
petalled variety of this latter species is used 
does any real change take place, and then the 
highly prized golden-yellow of the aurea 
generally departs with as much freedom as 
the purple, leaving the sepals and petals 
either pure white or of varying creamy tints. 

C. Hardyana var. Clement Moore, the 
subject of our coloured plate, is not only one 
of the most beautiful forms yet seen, but it 
is remarkable on account of the peculiar 
manner in which both parents are represented. 
At first sight there does not appear much 
evidence of C. Warscewiczu, but an examina- 
tion of the labellum shows a yellow area on 
each side, which is characteristic of this 
species, while the border colour has been 
changed from crimson to purple. Consider- 
ing the unquestionable inclusion of Warsce- 
wiczii in this hybrid the most interesting 
feature is that the sepals and petals, while 
increased in size, have not become purplish 
in colour. The broad golden-yellow sepals 
and petals are precisely the kind that 
hybridists have long endeavoured to produce ; 
erect, and stiff in substance, they are vastly 
superior to those usually seen in aurea. 

Mr. Clement Moore possesses at Hacken- 
sack, N.J., U.S.A., one of the finest collections 
of Cattleyas, while his varieties of Hardyana 
are far and away the best that have ever been 


CATTLEYA HARDYANA var. CLEMENT MOORE 


October, 1916. | 


gathered together. Apart from the one repro- 
duced, which appeared in a consignment of 
imported C. aurea, mention may be made of 
a plant which carried a spike of two flowers, 
one showing particularly the characteristics 
of C. Warscewiczii, the other partaking more 
of the aurea parent. 

Years ago, when the habitats and con- 
ditions under which these large Cattleya exist 
were imperfectly known, it was stated :— 
“The exquisite Cattleya Hardyana 1s, it 1s 
almost certain, a natural hybrid between C. 
Warscewiczi (gigas) and C. aurea. This fact 
seems to suggest that a Cattleya farm or 
ranch in a suitable district in South America, 
where all the species could be grown side by 
side in the open air and sunshine, will 
eventually be the outcome of our love of floral 
variation here at home. What a happy life 
for a hybridist, ever alert and_ patient, 
industrious and reliable.” 

However, there is no question as to the 
wide use which has been made of C. 
Hardyana by the hybridist. So far, about 
seventy different crosses have been raised and 
brouglit to the flowering stage, so, although 
the Cattleya farm in South America never 
became a reality, results far more numerous 
have been achieved under artificial conditions. 
As examples of Hardyana hybrids we may 
mention the popular and richly coloured C. 
Adula (bicolor x Hardyana), the fine C. Rhoda 
(Iris x Hardyana), of which a coloured plate 
appeared in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IIL., 
page 21; the bright C. Naidia (iridescens x 
Hardyana); the charming B.-C. heatonensis 
(B. Digbyana x C. Hardyana), with its effec- 
tively fringed labellum; L.-C. Wilsonii (L. 
Jongheana x C. Hardyana), with the throat 
golden-yellow and the margin of the labellum 
prettily crimped; L.-C. rubens (L. pumila x 
C. Hardyana), one of the best of the pumila 
type of hybrids; the noble L.-C. St. Gothard 
(L.-C. Gottoiana x C. Hardyana), illustrated 
in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IIL, page 288 ; 
the richly coloured L.-C. Black Prince (L.-C. 
bletchleyensis x C. Hardyana); the well- 
known L.-C. Henry Greenwood (L.-C. Schil- 
leriana x C. Hardyana); and the handsome 
Sophro-Cattleya Blacku. 


VO: VI. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 249 


FRY BRID CATT LEYAS. 


F all the Orchids the Cattleyas hold 
() the premier position on account of 
their large flowers of bold appear- 
ance, while for exhibition purposes their 
utility is unquestionable. Little wonder, then, 
that the hybridists have devoted so much time 
and study to such valuable material in order 
to produce even finer flowers and novelties of 
brilliant coloration. 

It appears impossible to quote any exact 
figure as to the number of different hybrid 
Cattleyas that have been raised, either in this 
or any other country. Of those raised in 
private collections many have escaped men- 
tion in the horticultural journals, while others 
raised in trade establishments have never 
been considered worthy of a name, and this 
for the fact that their place has been taken by 
far finer results. However, the published 
records show that at least 470 different crosses 
in Cattleyas alone have been effected, by no 
means a negligible quantity for one particular 
genus. Lzeelio-Cattleyas are not included in 
these figures or remarks, and their considera- 
tion must be left until a later occasion, for 
they form an even greater and more complex 
section. 

Individual opinions differ, and probably 
always will, as to the various academical 
points that render a flower meritorious or 
otherwise. After a certain number of years 
we no longer cherish the same hybrid, for the 
reason that far finer results have been pro- 
duced, hence many of the hybrids which 
received awards when exhibited twenty or 
more years ago would not receive recognition 
at the present time. In order to eliminate the 
older as well as the poorer hybrids it will be 
convenient if we consider only the hybrid 
Cattleyas which have received awards at the 
Royal Horticultural Society during the last 
fifteen years, that is, from January Ist, 1901, 
to December 31st, 1915. By adopting the 
decision of this Society’s Orchid Committee 
all extreme individual opinion is nullified, as 
awards are only given when the voting shows 
a majority of two-thirds in favour of the plant. 
During the above period 174 hybrid Cattleyas 


5) 


to 
on 
° 


received awards, and a critical examination of 
them cannot fail to be of interest to the many 
lovers of this popular and noble genus. 

Let us first consider the material with which 
the hybridists commenced their work, that iS 
the largest and finest of the Cattleya species. 
During the first six months of the year the 
following produce their flowers :—Triane, 
Schrédere, Mossiz, Mendelu and Warner. 
In the second half of the year :—Gaskelliana, 
Warscewiczil, bicolor, Bowringiana, aurea and 
labiata. The species of importance may, 
therefore, be said to have their respective 
flowering seasons distributed equally over 
both the first and second half of the year. 
On this account we should expect the hybrid 
Cattleyas to follow a similar course, but here 
we have one of the most unexpected surprises, 
for of the 174 hybrids certificated during the 
last fifteen years no less than 136 flowered 
during the five months July—November, thus 
leaving only 38 for the remaining seven 
months of the year. The following are the 
precise numbers for each month :—January, 
7; February, 2; March, 8; April, 5; May, 
8; June, 5; July, 19; August, 16; Septem- 
ber, 34; October, 38; «November 2c; 
December, 3. These figures, which in every 
case are the aggregates for the fifteen years, 
prove without a shadow of a doubt that the 
majority of the best hybrid Cattleyas have 
their flowering season in the months of 
September, October and November. Also 
the need for an annual Orchid Show during 
the autumn months is made more pressing 
than ever. In 1912 the Royal Horticultural 
Society held its first autumn Orchid Show, 
which was considered by one and all to have 
been a most successful event, although it took 
place during the first week in November, 
when two months of the best period had 
elapsed. Judging from the above figures, the 
middle of October seems a more suitable 
time. 

We will first analyse the 38 hybrids certi- 
ficated during the seven months that show 
the poor results, so far as numbers are con- 
cerned. Commencing with December, the 
three certificated hybrids are the pure white 
Dusseldorfe1 Undine (intermedia alba x 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[October, 1916. 


Mossie Wageneri), Maggie Raphael alba 
(aurea x Triane alba), flowering midway 
between the respective seasons of the two 
parents, and Tityus. 

In January three varieties of Maggie 
Raphael alba received awards, also Enid 
(Warscewiczii x Mossiz), Octave Doin (Men- 
delii x aurea), Tityus (Enid x Octave Doin) 
and Miranda (Triane x amethystoglossa). 

February has but two to its credit, which 
are Brenda (Dusseldorfei Undine x Gas- 
kelliana alba), a pure white result, and Leda 
(Percivaliana x aurea). 

March contains two more varieties of Enid, 
Dirce (Miss Harris x Warscewiczi), Magnet 
(Mossiz x White), Olympus (Warscewiczii x 
Octave Doin), Suzanne Hye de Crom 
(Mossie Wageneri x Gaskelliana alba), Robert 
de Wavrin (Schrodere x Schilleriana), .and 
Parthenia (calummata x Mossiz Wageneri). 

April contributes Miss Harris (Schilleriana 
x Mossiz), Niobe (Aclandize x Mendelii), 
Tityus, Robert de Wavrin, and intertexta var. 
Juliettae (Warner: alba x Mossiz Wageneri). 

May adds eight hybrids to the list, these 
being Dirce, the pure white Westonbirt 
variety of Dusseldorfei, Empress Frederick 
(Mossiz x aurea), Magali Sander (Dussel- 
dorfei Undine x Mossiz Wageneri), Pittie 
(Harrisoniana x Schilleriana), Tityus, Tran- 
sylvania (Enid x Comet), and Whitei (Warneri 
x Schilleriana). 

June concludes the months of low figures, 
and adds but five, which are Prince Edward 
(Warscewiczil x Schilleriana), Roehrsiana 
(Mendeli x  Hardyana), Whitei, Irene 
(Suzanne Hye de Crom x Mossiz Wageneri), 
and Miss Harris. 

Of the above 38 certificated hybrids, it is 
of interest to note that Mossiz is included in 
the parentage of no less than 20, while 12 are 
albino’ varieties, and doubtless obtained 
awards on this account. 


THE JULY-NOVEMBER SEASON. 


July marks the commencement of the 
important period for hybrid  Cattleyas, 
the number for the 15 years being Ig. 
They are Artemis (Iris x Gaskelliana), 


October, 1916. | 


Ashtonii (Harrisoniana x Warscewiczii), 
Atalanta (Leopoldu x Warscewiczi1), Claudian 
(Lueddemanniana x Schilleriana), Dietrich- 
iana (superba x Hardyana), Dupreana (War- 
neri x Warscewiczil), Euphrasia (Warscewiczi 
x superba), two varieties of F. W. Wigan 
(Schilleriana x aurea), Hardyana, Lord Roths- 
child (Gaskelliana x aurea), Magnet (Mossize 
x White1), Mrs. Myra Peeters (Gaskelliana 
alba x Warneri alba), O’Brieniana alba (Lod- 
digesii x dolosa), Patrocini (Loddigesu x 
Leopoldii), Paula (Clarkiz x aurea), Thur- 
goodiana (Hardyana x Lueddemanniana), and 
two varieties of Waldemar (Whitei x aurea). 

August adds 16 to the list, which are 
Atalanta, Drapsiana (aurea x Mrs. Pitt), two 
varieties of Germania (granulosa x Hardyana), 
four varieties of Hardyana, Harold (Gas- 
kelliana x Warscewiczi), Iris (bicolor x 
aurea), Lady Ingram (Eldorado x aurea), two 
varieties of Rhoda (Iris x Hardyana), and 
three varieties of Sybil (iridescens x aurea). 

September has 34 to its credit. They are 
Adula (bicolor x Hardyana), amabilis (labiata 
x Warscewiczi1), Cybele (Lueddemanniana x 
Gaskelliana), exquisita (luteola x Parthenia), 
Freya (Mantinii x aurea), fulvescens (Forbes 
x aurea), Germania (granulosa x Hardyana), 
three varieties of Hardyana, two of iridescens 
(bicolor x Eldorado), seven varieties of Iris 
(bicolor x aurea), Kienastiana (Luedde- 
manniana x aurea), King George (Eldorado x 
aurea), Lady Veitch (Lueddemanniana alba 
x Warneri alba), Lord Rothschild (Gas- 
kelliana x aurea), Luegea (Enid x Dowiana), 
two varieties of Maroni (velutina x aurea), 
Mrs. Pitt (Harrisoniana x aurea), Pittiana 
(granulosa x aurea), two varieties of Rhoda 
(Iris x Hardyana), Rutilant (Maroni x Fabia), 
Sybil, and two varieties of Venus (Iris x 
aurea). 

October has the record number of 38, these 
being Adula, two varieties of Ajax (aurea x 
Armstrongiz), Alicia (labiata x Iris), Antiope 
(Chamberlainiana x aurea), Bactia (Bow- 
ringiana x guttata), Basil (Enid x Mantini), 
Brownie (Harrisoniana x Bowringiana), 
Comet (Warneri alba x Dowiana), Dionysius 
(Fabia alba x Warscewiczii F. M. Beyrodt), 
Empress Frederick, three varieties of Fabia, 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 251 


Firefly (Dormaniana x Bowringiana), fulves- 
cens (Forbesii x aurea), F. W. Wigan, 
Gautheriana (Schrodere x Leopold), graniris 
granulosa x Iris), four varieties of Hardyana, 
two of Iris, Lady Ingram (Eldorado x aurea), 
Lord Rothschild (Gaskelliana x aurea), Lottie 
(Aclandiz x Trianze), Luegee (Enid x 
Dowiana), Maggie Raphael, M. H. de Wavrin 
(Loddigesu x Rex), Moira (Fabia x Mantini1), 
Mrs. J. W. Whiteley (Bowringiana x 
Hardyana), Oberon (Fabia x Hardyana), 
Octave Doin (Mendeli x aurea), Portia (Bow- 
ringiana x labiata), Rhoda, and Rosa Lee- 
mann (amethystoglossa x aurea). 

November concludes the list with 29 certi- 
ficated hybrids, which are Ashtonu (Har- 
risoniana x Warscewiczu), Astron (Leopoldu 
x Warscewiczil), Clarkia (labiata x bicolor), 
Cleopatra (superba x aurea), Diurce ( Miss 
Harris x Warscewiczu), Drapsiana, six 
varieties of Fabia, fulvescens, two varieties 
of Hardyana, lucida (Bowringiana x Schil- 
leriana), Maggie Raphael, Mantinu (Bow- 
ringiana x aurea), Mastersonie (Loddigesu x 
labiata), mollis (Gaskelliana x superba), two 
varieties of Mrs. Pitt, Oberon, two varieties 
of Peetersu (labiata x Hardyana), Portia, 
Rhoda, St. Gilles (Patrocini x aurea), and 
Venus (Iris x aurea). 

The 136 hybrid Cattleyas certificated 
during the five months July-November, inclu- 
sive, show that aurea is included in the 
parentage of no less than 102, Warscewiczil 
in 44, and bicolor in 31. Of the aurea hybrids 
mention may be made of the historic 
Hardyana, to which 13 certificates have been 
granted during the period 1901-1915; also to 
ten varieties of Iris, with its brightly coloured 
flowers, and to nine varieties of Fabia. 


PLANT REGISTRATION.—Messrs. Lager 
and tiusrell,. Summity N-)., U.S.A., have 
registered the following varieties of Cattleya 
Percivaliana :—Roeblingiana, Aurora, spec- 
tabilis, resplendens, superba, grandiflora, 
gigantea, expansa, atropurpurea, Oreol and 
Stanley Ranger—Horticulture, U.S.A. 


LS) 
i) 


MINUTE STRUCTURE. * 


N an article published in the Gardeners’ 
| Chronicle of May oth, 1885, Dr. 
Masters called attention to the relation 
that subsists between the minute structure of 
the vegetative organs of plants, especially of 
the leaves, and their functions, as indicated by 
Stahl and others, and gave some illustrations 
selected from some well-known Orchids in 
cultivation. These illustrations, which are 
transverse sections of the leaves magnified 
forty diameters, bear strong evidence of the 
minute structure being indicative of the con- 
ditions under which the plant grows. Admit- 
ting the partial and incomplete nature of the 
examination, it was sufficient to enable the 
observer to state the general conditions as to 
light and shade and supply of water the 
plants required, and these conclusions were 
found on consultation with practical cult: 
vators to be near approximations of the truth 
in all cases. It is thence evident that could a 
sufficiently comprehensive knowledge of the 
minute structure of the vegetative organs of 
Orchids be brought within the reach of Orchid 
growers generally, its influence for good in 
the cultural treatment of the plants would be 
of an enduring kind. Dr. Masters remarks 
that :— 

“Tn the leaves of Orchids we have the com- 
ponent structures apparently arranged with 
reference to the conditions under which the 
plant grows naturally. Some grow in full 
sunshine, and are constructed accordingly. 
Some thrive in diffused light. Some bear a 
long period of drought uninjured; others 
could not endure the privation of water even 
for a few hours. Some are so constructed as 
to adapt themselves to varied conditions with 
little trouble, and these, of course, are the 
plants the gardener finds it easy to cultivate. 
In others the adjustment is so delicate that 
they cannot suffer any change without incon- 
venience ; these are the plants the gardener 
has a difficulty in keeping alive, and which 
even in their native countries are dying out, 
elbowed out by their more robust and less 


* Extracted from Veitch's ‘‘Manual of Orchidaceous Plants.” 
art 1 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[October, 1916. 


exacting brethren.on the principle of the sur- 
vival of the fittest.” 

If, then, the conditions noted in the fore- 
going quotation are made manifest in the 
leaves of Orchids by their minute structure, 
and we have every reason to believe that this 
structure is a part of the result of their 
“environment” and that it enables them to 
perform their important functions to the best 
advantage of the plant, it must be worth 
while to ascertain what that structure is, in 
order to obtain reliable data for cultural treat- 
ment. Confessedly imperfect as were the 
investigations of Dr. Masters up to the date 
of publication, their import and their intrinsic 
value to cultivators when they shall have been 
more elaborately worked out is, however, so 
evident that we have been induced to continue 
the examination with the view of adding 
something more to our knowledge of the sub- 
ject, and with the hope of inducing others 
who may have leisure at their disposal to take 
it up more comprehensively. 

The sections of leaves, stems and roots that 
are here illustrated were made by Mr. N. E. 
Brown, of the Kew Herbarium, and all bear 
ample testimony to the accuracy and care 
with which they have been executed. The 
technical description and terminology of the 
various tissues of plants must be sought for in 
text books devoted to the subject; we can 
only here offer so much explanation as will 
render the illustrations intelligible to the 
general reader. 

All complete vegetable structures consist 
of cells for the most part indistinguishable by 
the naked eye. Each living cell in what is 
conveniently regarded as its normal state at 
the epoch of commencement of growth con- 
sists of (1) a transparent colourless membrane 
called the cell-wall which encloses (2) the 
protoplasm, “the physical basis of life” as it 
has been aptly termed by Professor Huxley, 
which forms a layer closely lining the cell- 
wall, (3) a denser rounded mass of the proto- 
plasm called the nucleus, which is either 
embedded in the layer of protoplasm lining 
the cell-wall, or is suspended in the middle 
of the cell by fine threads of protoplasm, the 
intervening space (4), the vacuole, being filled 


October, 1916. | 


with a colourless fluid, the cell-sap. Cells so 
constructed are more or less of spherical form 
and may be seen in the young shoots of all 
plants, in some of which they are found more 
favourable for observation than in others, as 
in the pith of a young growing shoot of the 
elder, the hairs on the stamens of Trades- 
cantia, etc.; but in most cases a high mag- 
nifying power is necessary for the several 
parts above described to be clearly made out, 
though in the footstalk of a rhubarb leaf they 
are so large as to be readily seen by the naked 
eye. Such it is usual to regard as the funda- 
mental form of vegetable structure, from 
which all subsequent developments originate. 
In all the most highly organised plants, 
although the cells have an independent 
existence for a time, there are always a large 
number of them in close contact and firmly 
united, forming a cellular tissue, a number 
which increases as growth progresses till in 
the full-grown plant, even when of only 
moderate dimensions, the number of cells in 
the aggregate exceeds the power of ordinary 
calculation. Nevertheless, even in the higher 
plants isolated cells occur during temporary 
states of existence as pollen grains, fern 
spores, the antherozoids of mosses, etc. The 
actual forms and sizes of the cells are as 
varied as the structures of which they form 
the constituent parts; they are subject to 
regular changes like the whole plant which 
they build up. Only those cells are in a 
living state which contain protoplasm; they 
alone can grow and give rise to new cells; 
cells devoid of protoplasm may, however, be 
of service to the plant as supports and protec- 
tion to the growing parts, or as conduits and 
store places. 

Every new growth begins with a change in 
the protoplasm by virtue of the vital force 
with which it is endowed, a power that can no 
more be accounted for or explained than the 
states of consciousness that enables us to dis- 
tinguish a sound from an odour, a colour from 
a flavour, or any other ultimate fact of Nature. 
There is a continuous movement of the 
particles, and although extremely slow and 
imperceptible to our limited powers of vision, 
such a movement is inseparable from the idea 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 253 


of life. This movement results, in all the 
higher forms of vegetation, in a division of 
the mother cell into two others more or less 
like itself, and these again divide in like 
manner. As division and sub-division proceed, 
a differentiation also takes place in the cell 
contents ; chlorophyll granules are formed in 
some, starch-grains, resin, crystals of various 
kinds, etc., occur in others; as well as a modi- 
fication in form according as each fulfils its 
own definite part in the economy of the plant. 

The numerous and densely crowded cells 
form the “fundamental tissue” from which in 
course of time, and in accordance with varying 
requirements, different layers of tissue develop 
differently, so that the adult plant consists of 
differentiated tissues. In general, the whole 
mass of tissue is definitely bounded on the out- 
side by an Epidermal layer or outer skin 
consisting of one layer of cells. This sur- 
rounds and encloses a rind or “cortex” of 
several layers, whilst the centre is occupied 
by. a mass of cells, some of which remain 
unchanged while others are gradually con- 
verted into long strands. These strings of 
tissue, the fibro-vascular bundles, usually 
follow in their longitudinal course the direc- 
tion of the most vigorous growth which imme- 
diately precedes their differentiation. Not 
only the cortical layers, but also the vascular 
bundles and the fundamental tissues are more 
or less differentiated, the sub-epidermal into 
layers of a different nature; the bundles also 
exhibit differentiation, and generally in a still 
higher degree. In this manner arise in the 
higher plants Systems of Tissues. 

In two or more years’ old stems of the 
Dicotyledonous division of flowering plants, 
also of the Gymnospermous Orders (Conifers, 
Cycads, etc.), the component tissues are 
arranged in concentric rings as is shown in 
the wood of our common trees and shrubs 
which consists chiefly of fibro-vascular bundles 
so strongly developed by the continuous 
formation of tissues of which they are com- 
posed, that they finally almost replace the 
intermediate fundamental tissue; in the 
leaves, the fibro-vascular bundles (veins) are 
netted (reticulated) or otherwise more or less 
irregularly disposed. On the other hand, in 


254 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


the Monocotyledonous Division, that to which 
the Orchidee belong, the fibro-vascular 
bundles of more than one year’s old stems as 
in Vanda, Cattleya, Dendrobium, etc., and 
also in the pseudo-bulbous species, are 
isolated and separated from each other by 
fundamental tissue; and in the leaves they 
are either parallel to each other or symmetri- 
cally placed on each side of the mid-rib. 

In the fundamental tissue, if the cells are 
arranged more or less distinctly in rows, and 
bounded by flat or curved walls, and are not 
much longer than broad, the tissue is called 
parenchyma or parenchymatous tissue; of 
such is the soft tissue of the leaves, etc. But 
if the cells are pointed at their ends, much 
longer than broad and dovetailing into one 
another, it 1s called prosenchymatous ; of such 
are the ligneous cells of the stems and 
rhizomes of all monopodial Orchids, also of 
Cattleya, Lela, Epidendrum, and many 
others. The differentiated tissues of the 
vascular bundles may be ranged under two 
groups called the bast and wood portion 
(technically the “phloém” and “xylem ”); 
they are separated by cambium when there is 
any. The bast consists generally of thin- 
walled cells and tubes for the conveyance of 
nutriment ; the xylem or wood portion has 
generally thickened cell-walls which become 
hard and ligneous for the purpose of support. 
The cambium consists of cells capable of 
further development; it has the power of 
forming new cells, and of furnishing the 
material for the production of new permanent 
tissue either of bast or of wood in addition to 
that already in existence. 

The general structure of the leaves of 
Orchids may be thus sketched. There is a 
central spongy mass, the “mesophyll,” con- 
sisting of cells not always arranged in the 
same way nor of the same size and form, but 
generally in easily recognisable layers. A 
few are empty or filled with air; some are 
filled with water; some contain food in the 
shape of starch-grains; some are provided 
with green colouring matter, or chlorophyll as 
it is called, to which leaves owe their colour, 
and in no small degree their vitality; some 
are charged with red or purple-coloured fluid ; 


[October, 1916. 


some give shelter to crystals of various forms. 
This central mass is traversed longitudinally 
by the fibro-vascular bundles or veins, 
including sundry thinner and more delicate 
vessels of various modifications which play a 
part in the transmission of nutritive juices 
from one part to another. The whole is pro- 
tected on each side by a skin or epidermis 
which, besides being a protective organ, 
allows of the passage in and out of the leaf of 
air and vapour by means of minute pores or 
apertures (the stomata) which are generally 
most numerous on the under surface and 
which open or close according to the dryness 
or moisture of the atmosphere.* 

The illustrations of minute structures of the 
leaves, stems and roots of some well-known 
Orchids here given should now be intelligible 
to the general reader, and some obvious rela- 
tions between the structure and functions may 
be pointed out. 

Leaves.—In every figure the same 
numerals indicate the same tissue or structure, 
viz., I, the upper, 2 the lower epidermis; 3, 
the parenchyma or cellular tissue of the leaf, 
sometimes called the mesophyll; 4, the fibro- 
vascular bundle of the mid-rib; 5, smaller 
bundles parallel with the mid-rib (veins); 6 
(where present), still smaller bundles (vein- 
lets). The epidermis is always covered by a 
structureless cuticle developed from the cell- 
walls and forming an unbroken layer over the 
whole leaf and resisting too rapid evapora- 
tion of the fluids within. Fig. 1 illustrates a 


Fig. 1. Transverse section of leaf of Dendrobium nobile at 
mid-rib, enlarged 30 diameters. 


1, upper, 2, lower epidermis; 3, parenchyma or soft tissue containing 
chlorophyll granules ; 4, fibro-vascular bundle of the mid-rib; 5, two 
smaller bundles. 


transverse section of a leaf of Dendrobium 
nobile enlarged 30 diameters. Immediately 
underlying the upper epidermis is a layer of 


* Gard. Chron, XXIII. (1885), p. 607 


October, 1916. | THE 


T\ 


// RS ae 
CLEARS 


Sam 


Te 


Transverse section of leaf of Cattleya intermedia across 
the mid-rib, x 30 diameters. 


Fig. 2. 


1, upper, 2, lower epidermis ; 3, fundamental tissue of soft thin- 
walled cells containing chlorophyll granules; 4, fibro-vyascular 
bundle of mid-rib; 6, smaller bundles. 


almost circular colourless cells filled with air 
or water ; a similar layer of smaller and more 
closely packed cells underlies the lower 
epidermis; the cellular tissue between them 
consists chiefly of egg-shaped cells filled with 
granules of green colouring matter, the 
chlorophyll, not shown in the figure ; they are 
less closely packed than the others, and have 
interspaces here and there between them 
which communicate with the outer air by 


means of minute pores or stomata in the ,_ 


epidermis, also not shown in the figure. In 
the centre is the mid-rib, and on each side of 
it a smaller fibro-vascular bundle which 
contribute to the strengthening of the leaf,° 
passage of fluids, etc. The leaf of Dendro- 
bium nobile is thin, and its means for the 
storage of water is limited, presumably there- 
fore needing diffused rather than direct sun- 
light, as under the influence of the latter, 
evaporation would be too rapid. The leaves 
of Dendrobium Jenkinsii are small and thick, 
with three layers of cells called from their 
peculiar appearance palisade cells underlying 
the hypodermal water cells, and which are 
always full of deep-coloured chlorophyll 
granules, their numbers, size and intense 
coloration being always in direct relation to 


ORCHID . WORLD. 


~— 


re te 
Qi 
rk 


to 
unr 
un 


the amount of light. When these palisade 
cells are well developed it is a sure sign that 
in their native country the plants are exposed 
to bright sunshine ; whilst on the other hand 
their abundant supply of chlorophyll enables 
them to endure adverse conditions better than 
less richly endowed plants can do. 

Fig. 2 shows a transverse section of a leaf 
of Cattleya intermedia at the mid-rib. The 
cells of the upper part of the fundamental 
tissue are much elongated, approaching the 
palisade form and are filled with chlorophyll 
granules. The general structure compared 
with that of the labiate Cattleyas is simpler, 
thus affording another distinctive 
between the two-leaved and usually long- 
stemmed and the one-leaved short-stemmed 
Cattleyas. It is a remarkable fact, too, that 
similar sections of a leaf and stem of another 
two-leaved Cattleya, C. velutina, proved to 
be nearly identical in structure with those of 


mark 


C. intermedia. 
Fig. 3, Cattleya Mossie. Here the minute 
structure is more elaborate, presumably 


indicative of the more changeable climatic 
conditions under which the plant grows. The 


YY 
5) oy, 
OO, Ley 


s eo 
TTS 
Le 
ier 


Fig. 3. Transverse section of leaf of Cattleya Mossie at the 
mid-rib. 


1, upper, 2, lower epidermis; 3, parenchyma or soft tissue of leaf 
sometimes called the mesophyll, containing chlorophyll granules 
(not shown in figure); the layer immediately under the upper 
epidermis indicated by 3a and called the hypoderm, consists of 
colourless cells containing water; 4, air cavities; 5, fibro-vascular 
bundle of mid-rib shown diagrammatically, the upper club-shaped 
portion consists of thick woody cells which serve to protect the 
more delicate tissue beneath ; 6, smaller bundles (veins), running 
parallel with mid-rib; 7, still smaller bundles (veinlets). 


256 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


leaf is thick and fleshy, the epidermal cells 
small and closely packed; the hypoderm or 
water cells are large ; the air cavities are also 
large and nearly equidistant from both 


surfaces; the fibro-vascular bundles are 
«| aa ‘afi reeiyet i 
ANAS f AA 
Per Vy 


S 
N 


Ne . = i 
A a <a \ ee 
iy , 
N N 


R N 
< Xs < 
RSS 6 < 
BSL gt" PSEC sacar coctsansti 
\N NS 


\ 
Sa 


IN Aw “eect 
= se  eecoccensg™ SSS 
SS SS s 
‘ \ 
; 


Fig. 4. Fragment of epidermis and underlying cells of Cattleya 

Mossiz, magnified 200 diameters ; the outer surface of the epidermal 

cells is developed into a thick cuticular layer (A) covering the whole 

surface and which has a peculiar striated structure in the external 
half. This thick cuticle impedes excessive evaporation. 


numerous and somewhat similarly grouped on 
each side of the principal or mid-rib-bundle. 
This structure may be connected with the 
occurrence of a heavy rain-fall, which we know 
to be the case in its native home, and also 
exposure to direct sunlight. Fig. 4 is a 
fragment of the upper epidermis and under- 
lying cells, magnified 200 diameters, to show 
the structure more clearly. 

Fig. 5, Lela purpurata. The thickened 
cuticle and elongated cells filled with 
chlorophyll imply a greater exposure to direct 


Fig.5. Transverse section of leaf of Lelia purpurata across the 
mid-rib, enlarged 40 diameters. 
1, upper. 2, lower epidermis, both with thickened cuticle; 3, parenehyma 
or soft tissue (mesophyll), containing chlorophyll granules (not shown 
in figure); 4, large vascular bundle of the mid-rib; 5, two smaller 
vascular bundles parallel with the mid-rib; 6, smaller vascular 
bundles (veinlets). 


[October, 1916. 


sunlight, and the smaller hypoderm or water 
cells a shorter duration of the rainy season 
than in the case of Cattleya Mossiz, the other 
circumstances remaining much the same. 


Fig. 6. _ Transverse section of leaf of Odontoglossum crispum at 
mid-rib, enlarged 50 diameters. The numerals as before. 


Leaves of Vandee.—Fig. 6, Odonto- 
glossum crispum. Here the cuticular covering 
is thin, the capacity for resisting evaporation 
and the storage capabilities as regards water 
relatively small, and the fibro-vascular bundles 
numerous; circumstances that seem to point 
to the cultural treatment experience has 
proved to be the best, viz., diffused light and 
abundance of moisture. In Bifrenaria Harri- 
sonize the structure is essentially the same, 
and needs no detailed explanation further 
than to note the numerous small fibro-vascular 
bundles immediately above the lower 
epidermis ; the leaf has thus a very 
stringy appearance when _ torn. 
This structure indicates no neces- 
sity for direct solar exposure. 
Lycaste Skinneri has a similar but 
not an identical structure. Fig. 7, 
Vanda tricolor. Like most mono- 
podial Orchids, it comes from a 
locality where the temperature is 
always high and its fluctuations at 
a minimum, and where the hygro- 
metric conditions of the atmosphere 
are for the greater part of the year 
the most intense. Its leaf struc- 
ture is thence adapted to these 
conditions ; a thick cuticle and closely packed 
epidermal cells and numerous underlying 
elongated cells approaching the palisade form 
implying more or less exposure to a vertical 


October, 1916. | RHE ORCHID WORED: 257 


Fig. 7. Transverse section of leaf of Vanda tricolor at mid-rib, x 40 
diameters. Nos. 1—5 as before ; 7, bast-like fibres. 


¢ 


sun, and also ample storage for water. The 
appearance of isolated bast-like fibre near the 
upper epidermis is significant of high 
development. 

In Cypripedium niveum the layer of long 
vertical prism-like cells underlying — the 
epidermis might be mistaken for palisade 


Fig. 8. Transverse section of leaf of Cypripedium insigne at the 
mid-rib, x 25, The numerals as before. 


structure, but they contain no chlorophyll, and 
are colourless and filled with water. Beneath 
them is the chlorophyll layer of ovoid or 
globular closely packed cells, in the midst of 
which are the fibro-vascular bundles ; the cells 
beneath these contain a purplish colouring 


fluid. Fig. 8, C. insigne closely resembles C. 
niveum, except that the cells of the mesophyll 
tissue are more uniform, and the lowermost 
contain no colouring fluid. Shade and a 
copious supply of water are the cultural indi- 
cations to be derived from this structure. 
Stems.— Transverse sections of the stems of 
Orchids show generally the normal mono- 
cotyledonous structure. There is a_ well- 


2 é ; ase : 
* marked epidermis consisting in stems of more 


than one year’s duration of closely-packed 
cells, covered by a hard cuticle more or less 
thickened ; underlying the epidermis is a belt 
of corky tissue enclosing the central mass of 
parenchyma, the cells of which are soft and 
thin-walled ; and in the last-named tissue are 
embedded the fibro-vascular bundles more or 
less isolated. In addition to these there is in 
some cases a layer of corky tissue developed 
between the epidermis and the fundamental 


Fig. 9. A fragment of transverse section of stem of Dendrobium 
nobile, enlarged 30 diameters. 1, epidermis; 2, fibro-vascular 
bundles ; 3, fundamental tissue. 


tissue, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12. Like the 
fibro-vascular bundles of the leaves those of 
the stem always consist of at least two 
elements, one of thin-walled cells called the 
bast or phloém, and the other, the xylem, of 
more or less elongated, thick-walled (prosen- 
chymatous) cells that become hard and 
ligneous. The bundles of the stems are much 
more closely packed and usually of larger size 
than those of the leaves, and fill up a great 
part of the central mass that is surrounded by 
the corky tissue and impart to old stems their 
hard and ligneous texture. In the pseudo- 
bulbous and swollen stems of many Orchids 


SESECOG SOSA 

( xy 

0 son OCG UG 
VSN 


SPINS =) 
Dione oe 
APU OCGWOWe Su 0 


ee Me) CHEE 


Fig. 10. Transverse section of stem of Lelia purpurata, enlarged 
40 diameters. 
1, epidermis ; 2, hypodermal layers of thick-walled cells ; 3, funda- 
mental tissue; 4, air cavities in the fundamental tissue; 5, fibro 
vascular bundles of weoly fibres of the stem. 


occur many cells rich in mucilage and others 
which are especially adapted for the retention 
of water and as storage for reserve material 
to be utilised by new growths. 

The general structure of the stems of 
Orchids will be readily understood from the 
annexed sections made from four species well 


known in cultivation. The development of a 


Fig. 11. 


Fragments of transverse sections of the young stem of 
Vanda tricolor. 


A, near the apex, with one layer of epidermal cells only. B, 14 inch 
below A, showing epidermis with two layers of cells and the com- 
mencement of the formation of corky tissue. 


1, epidermis; 2, corky tissue developing from fundamental tissue ; 
3, fundamental tissue; 4 and B, bast-like cells; 5, fibro-vascular 
bundles, 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[October, 1916. 


ocean g} 
eg 


Fig. 12. Fragment of transverse section of older portion of stem 
of Vanda tricolor with (2) corky tissue well developed. 4, isolated 
bast-like cells. 


stem of a monopodial Orchid is shown by 
transverse sections of the stem of Vanda 
tricolor (Figs. 11 and 12) at three successive 
periods of growth, and to give a clearer idea 
of the form of the individual cells fragmentary 
sections both transverse and longitudinal are 
given of the stem of Cattleya imtermedia 
enlarged 200 diameters (Fig. 13). 
Roots.—The general structure of the roots 
of Orchids is described under the vegetative 
organs. As regards the minute struc- 
ture the main features are the same 
as those of other monocotyledonous 
plants. There is (1) an epidermis, 
not always well defined, and beneath 
this (2) a band of cortical tissue, 
which is much more developed in 
some genera than in others, and in 
aérial more than in terrestrial roots ; 
in the former it consists of compara- 
tively large thin-walled cells filled with 
water, and often with a fine spiral 
thread coiled within them. Under- 
lying the cortical tissue is a layer of 
thick-walled cells (3) called the endo- 
dermis enclosing (4) the fundamental tissue 
of the root; and lastly there is (5) the 
axial cylinder consisting of bast and wood 


October, 1916. | Tie ORCHID WORLD, 259 


Pig. 13. Fragment of transverse section of stem of Cattleya inter- 
media, enlarged 2C0 diameters. 


1, epidermis of one layer of thick-walled cells overlain by thickened 
cuticle; 2, hypodermis of large thick-walled cells; 3, fundamental 
tissue of soft thin-walled cells ; 4, a vascular bundle. 


—S 


2 6 


Fig. 14. Longitudinal section of a fragment of stem of Cattleya 
intermedia, from epidermis through a fibro-vascular bundle, x 200. 


1, cuticle epidermal and hypod-rmal cells ; 2, fundamental tissue of 

soft thin-walled cells; 3, a row of short thick-walled cells with 

granular protoplasmic contents ; 4, woody fibre; 5, two contiguous 
spiral vessels ; 6, parenchyma, 


with ligneous parenchyma and parenchyma- 
tous tissue composed of thin-walled cells. 
The details of the minute structure of the 
roots of Orchids are well shown in the 
accompanying sections selected from genera 
in different Tribes, and which may be regarded 
as fairly representative types of each. The 
presence of chlorophyll in the aerial roots of 


Orchids is noteworthy, and shows that the 
roots in these cases perform to some extent 
the same functions as the leaves. Ordinary 
roots contain no chlorophyll. 


Fig. 15. A, transverse, B, longitudinal section of root of Odonto- 
glossum crispum horizontally placed. 


1, epidermis; 2, cortical tissue of thin-walled cells ; 3, endodermis, 

consisting of layer of cells with thickened walls surrounding ; 4 

the fundamental tissue of the root; 5, vascular bundles of the axial 

cylinder, forming the hard-wood tissue of the root; 6, the pith; 7, 
bast cells, 


Fig. 16. Fragment of transverse section of root of Cypripedium 
insigne, from the circumference to the centre, enlarged 25 diameters. 


1, epidermis with root hairs ; 2, cortical tissue; 3, endodermis ; 4, 
fundamental or soft tissue of root; 5, axial cylinder of vascular 
bundles surrounding a central pith. 


Pollinia of Cattleya labiata. 


A, side; B, front view. 


260 THE, ORCHID WORD: 


Fig. 17. A, transverse, B, longitudinal section of root of Cattleya 
intermedia, from the circumference to the centre, shown in a hori- 
zontal position, enlarged 30 diameters. The numerals as in Fig. 19. 


Fig. 18. Transverse section of fragment of pseudo-bulb of Odonto- 
glossum crispum, enlarged 5u diameters. 


1, epidermis ; 3, fundamental tissue; 4, fibro-vascular bundles. 


1916. 


’ 


Fig. 19. Asimilar transverse section of root of Vanda tricolor, 
enlarged 25 diameters, showing development of corky tissue at A. 


MY 


Nett Nt) 


at 
STAY) 


Fig. 20. A, transverse, B, longitudinalZhorizontally-placed "section 
of root of Dendrobium nobile, from the circumference to the centre, 
enlarged 30 diameters. 

1, epidermis ; 2, cortical tissue of thin walled ce ls; 3, endodermis ; 
4, fundamental orcellular tissue; 5, axial cylinder ; 6, central pith. 


L#LIO-CATTLEYA BLACK PRINCE.—An 
excellent example of this handsome hybrid 
between L.-C. bletchleyensis and _ C. 
Hardyana comes from the collection of Mr. 
H. S. Goodson, Fairlawn, Putney (gr. Mr. 
Geo. E. Day). The rich rose-purple sepals 
and petals are set in fine style, while the 
labellum is of deep crimson-purple, with a 
glowing overtint. 


October, 1916. | THE ORCHID 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 


August 28th, 1910. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), Sir Jere- 
miah Colman, Bart., Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. 
sec.), C. J. Lucas, R. G. Thwaites, Pantia 
Ralli, T. Armstrong, W. Cobb, J. Charles- 
worth, A. Dye, S. W. Flory, W.. Bolton, 
R. A. Rolfe and Gurney Wilson. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lelio-Cattleya Thyone, Bryndir variety (C. 
aurea, < [.-C.. Ophuir),-from: Dr.’ »Miguel 
Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton. — This 
vigorous hybrid carried a spike of two large 
flowers, the sepals and petals bright chrome- 
yellow, the labellum orange colour, bordered 
ruby-crimson. A fine acquisition. 

Lelio-Cattleya Golden Wren (L.-C. 
Thyone x C. iridescens), from Messrs. Arm- 
strong and Brown.—A _ promising seedling 
flowering on a small bulb. The sepals and 
petals are bright canary-yellow, with a slight 
ereenish tinge; the labellum has the central 
area golden-yellow, as seen in the majority 
of Eldorado hybrids, of which irdescens is 
a well-known example; the margin of the 
lip is ruby-purple. 


GROUPS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a fine 
group of hybrids, including the brightly 
coloured L.-C. Thyone, L.-C. Colmaniana, 
L.-C. Appam, of reddish colour, the hand- 
some L.-C. Servia, and the new Cattleya 
Kitty Wren. Among the rare species were 
Bulbophyllum grandiflorum and the scarce 
Catasetum Russellianum. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown’ were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an attrac- 
tive exhibit, in which were several fine 
varieties of Cattleya Iris, the interesting 
Odontioda brugensis, Sophro-Cattleya Blackii 
and Cattleya Clesiana alba, a pure white 
flower resulting from crossing intermedia 


alba with Loddigesii alba. 


WORLD. 261 


Messrs. Sander and Sons obtained a Silver 
Banksian Medal for an exhibit, in the centre 
of which was a remarkably fine example of 
Cattleya Lady Veitch 
(Lueddemannina alba x Warner: alba). 
Other fine hybrids included the new Leho- 
Cattleya Queen Marie (Walter Gott x aurea), 
with a large and richly coloured labellum, 
and B.-C. Mad. Chas. Maron. An interesting 
plant was Cattleya guttata Sandere, with 
greenish-yellow sepals and petals and a pure 
white lip. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. received a Silver 
Banksian Medal for a fine exhibit of their 
new varieties of Cattleya Adula and C. Sybil ; 
also L.-C. Roumania (Lusitania x aurea), with 
golden-yellow sepals and petals and a ruby- 
red lip; a good form of L.-C. rubens; and 
some brightly coloured varieties of Cattleya 
Naidia. 

Messrs. Flory and Black staged the new 
S.-L.-C. Hanningtonu (S.-L.-C. Goodsonii x 
C. aurea), a well-set flower with buff-yellow 
sepals and petals having rose veining, the lip 
purplish-rose with gold veins; Cattleya 
Miguelito (Octave Doin x aurea), a novelty 
showing an improvement on many varieties 
of thé former parent; and L.-C. Irensis var. 
Vesuvius (Iris x  bletchleyensis), richly 
coloured. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. showed fine 
varieties of Cattleya Hardyana, including one 
with white sepals and petals; C. Lady 
Ingram alba (Eldorado alba x aurea), a 
charming result, in which the labellum 
inherits the rich yellow of the Eldorado 
parent; Cattleya Gaskelliana alba and C. 
Warscewiczii with a five-flowered spike. 

Mr. C. F. Waters exhibited the following 
new hybrids :—L.-C. Bucharest (L.-C. Mar- 
tinettn. x (C. Caduceus), L.-C. Fleury (L.-C. 
issvrcw OC eedurea)a0b-C. Kavala (L.-C: 
Epicasta x C. Elvina), and Cypripedium 
Venizelos (Lawrenceanum x Lord Ossulston). 
A good form of Cyp. Maudiz was also staged. 


the pure white 


September 12th, 1916. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the chair), Sir 
Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. 


262 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


sec.), R..G. Thwaites, Stuart Mow, Panta 
Rall, E. R. Ashton, A. McBean, W. Bolton, 
Gurney Wilson, T. Armstrong, W. Cobb, J. 
Charlesworth, ‘C. Hi. Curtis, A.) Dyes aie 
Flory, W. H. Hatcher and W. H. White. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Venus var. Victrix, from Pantia 
Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey.—A mag- 
nificent form of this hybrid between Iris and 
aurea, the large flower of old gold colour 
with a bronze over-tint, the elongated label- 
lum having the broad apical lobe ruby-red. 

Cattleya Venus var. Golden Queen, from 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co.—This elegant 
variety 1s remarkable for its broad petals of 
golden-yellow colour, which are of a fleshy 
nature and stand in erect style. The hand- 
some labellum is plum-purple, and makes a 
striking contrast to the colour of the sepals 
and petals. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


To Messrs. J. and A. McBean for a splen- 
did example of Dendrobium Sandere, the 
two finest bulbs being 4 and 3 feet high 
respectively, and carrying an aggregate of 56 
pure white flowers, the labellum marked with 
green. 


GROUPS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an exten- 
sive exhibit, in which were home-raised plants 
of Disa grandiflora, of a dwarf type, Cattleya 
Gaskelliana alba, C. Venus, the handsome C. 
Adula, the attractive Odontoglossum Good- 
soni (Uro-Skinneri x Pescatorei), Leelio- 
Cattleya Appam, with reddish flowers, L.-C. 
Thyone, golden-yellow, and Sophro-Cattleya 
Laconia. 

His Grace the Duke of Marlborough, 
Blenheim Palace, was awarded a_ Silver 
Banksian Medal for a group containing 
several plants of Lzelio-Cattleya General 
Soulange (L.-C. Lustre x C. Dowiana), some 
elegant varieties of the new Cattleya 


[October, 1916. 


Weedonaurea (weedonensis x aurea), various 
forms of Cattleya General Pulteney (Octave 
Doin x Triane), and a bright variety of 
Brasso-Cattleya Mrs. J. Leemann. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean received a Silver 
Banksian Medal for a neat exhibit, in which 
were the richly-coloured Lelio-Cattleya 
Colmaniana, L.-C. Carmencita, a fine variety 
of. Cattleya Venus, C. Parthenia Prince of 
Wales, Brasso-Cattleya Bianca (B.-C. The 
Baron x C. Mendeli), with a beautifully 
fringed labellum, and Odontioda St. Fuscien, 


-with large flowers in which the reddish colour 


is broken up in blotching. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown’ were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
attractive group, containing the pure white 
Cattleya Snowdon, C. Clesiana alba (nter- 
media alba x Loddigesii alba), also pure white, 
the interesting Paphinia cristata, Cypripedium 
Dallas and C. Holdeni. Cattleya Hardyana 
marmorata was also included, as well as the 
curious Bulbophyllum grandiflorum. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons exhibited Lelio- 
Cattleya Acis, with a spike of 7 flowers of 
coppery-red colour, the new and handsome 
L-G.,) Queen _ Marie) > E.-C. Viewmenhie; 
Cattleya Atalanta, with numerous flowers, 
Odontioda Thwaitesu, the singular Oncidium 
Sandere, and the elegant Cattleya R. Prowe, 
with snow-white flowers. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
exhibited Cattleya Adula excelsa, with a 
spike of three finely-formed flowers, having 
the sepals and petals flushed-salmon colour, 
the broad lip purple. 

Mr, C.. F.. Waters; - Baleombey ysracer: 
Lelio-Cattleya Fleury (L.-C. Issy x C. aurea), 
with reddish petals and purple labellum, a 
promising hybrid. 


September 26th, 1916. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), Messrs. 
Jas.. O’Brien (hony ssee)) yee oe eae 
Armstrong, W. Bolton, J. Charlesworth, F. J. 
Hanbury, J. W. Potter, Gurney Wilson, 
W. H. White, C. H. Curtis,;Pantiag kala 
C. J.. Lucas, W..Cobb, So Wy Flom iamee 
Alexander and J. E. Shill. 


October, 1916. | 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Sophro-Cattleya Sir Mervyn Buller (S.-C. 
Wellesleye x C. Empress Frederick), from 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown.—In every 
way a most excellent result, and in its beauti- 
ful coloration forming a novelty. The broad 
sepals and petals of stiff texture and of apricot 
colour with an over-tint of soft cherry-red ; 
the neatly formed labellum having a deeper 
tint of cherry-red around the margin. The 
habit of C. Mossiz, derived through the latter 
parent, is seen in the prettily frilled edge of 
the lip, while C. aurea is responsible for the 
elegantly marked throat. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lelio-Cattleya Lady Manningham Buller 
(L.-C. Thyone x L-C. luminosa), from 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown.—A striking 
hybrid in which the sepals are bronze-yellow, 
the petals clear primrose-yellow and_ the 
labellum rich crimson-purple, with gold 
veining in the throat. One of the best results 
yet seen in this attractive section of Lelio- 
Cattleyas. 

Brasso-Cattleya Oberon var. Mayjestica 
(B.-C. Digbyano-Mossie x C. Schréderz), 
from Messrs. Sander and Sons.—This robust 
plant carried two immense flowers of a 
pleasing rose-pink colour, the petals being 
broad and the wide labellum having the 
margin deeply fringed. 

Cattleya Rhoda, Langley var. (Hardyana x 
Iris), from Messrs. Flory and Black.—The 
spike of this elegant hybrid carried two richly- 
coloured flowers, the sepals and petals bronze- 
yellow and almost entirely covered with a 
mulberry-red over-tint ; the round and open 
labellum margined with crimson-red, and the 
throat veined with gold. 


OTHER EXHIBITS 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for an excellent exhibit containing the new 
Cattleya Hesta, a fine variety of C. Iris, C. 
Enid, C. Fauna, with yellowish segments, C. 
Antiope (Chamberlainiana x aurea), Lelio- 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 262 


Cattleya Servia, with bold flowers of purplish- 
mauve, Cypripedium Felicity, C. Caduceus 
and a strong plant of Muiltonia spectabilis 
Moreliana. 

Messrs. Flory and Black, Slough, exhibited 
Lelio-Cattleya Soulange (L.-C. Lustre x 
Dowiana), with large flowers of purplish-rose 
colour. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, 
Streatham Hill, exhibited five excellent 
varieties of Cattleya Venus, all well-flowered. 

Mr. A. Harrison staged Brasso-Cattleya 
Ilene var. Majestic, the large flower rosy- 
mauve, the fringed lip somewhat darker ; and 
Leho-Cattleya Thyone, Harrison’s variety, of 
canary-yellow colour, the lip mottled with rose. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons staged Brasso- 
Cattleya Somme (B.-C. Mad. Chas. Maron x 
C. Schroderz), of light blush tint, Lelio- 
Cattleya Irensis, L.-C. Ettric sanguinea, 
Cattleya Lady Veitch, with pure white 
flowers, Cypripedium Germaine Opoix, and 
the singular Polystachya umbellata. 

Mr. E. V. Low, Haywards Heath, staged 
Lelho-Cattleya luminosa with cream-coloured 
sepals and petals and another variety with 
yellowish segments ; also two fine varieties of 
Cattleya Enid. 

Mr. Harry Dixon, Wandsworth Common, 
showed Sophro-Lelio-Cattleya Pandora var. 
Excelsior, with three flowers of intense claret- 
purple colour. 

Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, exhibited 
Cattleya Florina, a new hybrid between 
Mastersonie and aurea, sepals and petals light 
rose, the lip yellowish. 


Dendrohium luteolum. 


264 IBN 


MANCHESTER ORCHID 
SOCIETY: 


August 17th, 19106. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. J. 
Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. D. A. 
Cowan, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, P. Foster, 
A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, Dr: Craven 
Moore, F. K. Sander, W. Shackleton, S. 
Swift, H. Thorp, and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Silver Medal was awarded to J. J. Bol- 
ton, Esq. Pendleton; and a large Silver 
Medal to Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontioda Mrs. F. M. Ogilvie var. 
Conyngham, a good round flower of brilliant 
colour. From Dr. Craven Moore. 

Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes — var. 
Perfect Gem, a large flower with distinct 
yellow markings; Cattleya Serbia gigantea, 
a large well-balanced flower of good colour. 
Both from Mr. J. Evans. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Lord Rothschild albescens var. 
Conyngham and Odontioda Diana “ Uplands 
‘ var.” Both from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Oncidioda Cybele, Odontoglossum arden- 
tissimum var. Pintadeau, and Lelio-Cattleya 
Appam. From Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. 

Cattleya Nesta “Ruth;* From! vise): 
Evans. 


September 7th, 1910. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. J. 
Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, Dr. 
Craven Moore, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. 
Evans, P. Foster, W. Gilden, A. R. Handley, 
W. Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp and H. 
Arthur (Secretary). 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, and W. R. 
Lee, Esq., Heywood. Silver Medals to S. 
Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range, and Messrs. 
Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham. 


ORCHID WORLD. 


[October, 1916. 


A Special Vote of Thanks was awarded to 
O. O. Wrigley, Esq., for a fine exhibit 
of Cypripedium Maudie, 40 © plants, 
Vanda ccerulea, and Epidendrum vitellinum 
autumnale. 

Tom Worsley, Esq., Haslingden, staged 
Cypripedium Maudie, The Dell variety. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean exhibited 
Cattleya Venus, C. Gladys, C. Lord Roths- 
child alba and Odontioda Charlesworthu. 

Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons staged 
Cattleya Sylvia, L.-C. Henry Greenwood, and 
excellent Cypripedium hybrids. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cattleya Sybil var. Georgius Rex, of good 
shape and colour, sepals and petals yellow, 
labellum crimson. From W. R. Lee, Esq. 

Lelio-Cattleya St. Gothard var. Hamilton, 
a large flower of rich colour. From J. 
Walker, Esq. 

Cattleya Venus var. Evansie, a splendid 
flower of good form and substance. From 
Mr. J: Evans. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Naidia var. Ruby and C. Naidia 
rubella. Both from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Sybil var. Lord Kitchener and 
Cattleya Anubis. Both from W. R. Lee, 
Esq. 

Cattleya Sybil “Houghton’s var.” From 
T. Houghton, Esq. 


Miltonia Warscewiczii. 


SEE 


SOA rae 


So’ 


Nov.-Dec., 1916. 


Ni@ PBs. 


CALANTHE STRIATA.— This plant has been 
known to science since the beginning of the 
seventeenth century, through a drawing by 
Kampfer, the first European naturalist who 
visited Japan, which he did in the capacity of 
physician to the Dutch embassy to that 
country in 1690. It does not appear to have 
been in cultivation in European gardens till 
the middle of the present century, when it was 
sent to Dr. Lindley by a nurseryman of 
Ghent. 


¥Y Ky “Ky 
EPIDENDRUM VARIEGATUM. — Widely 


distributed over South America and the West 
Indies. It is said to have been originally 
discovered by the French naturalist, Descour- 
tilz, near Ilha Grande, in Brazil, growing on 
fallen trees fully exposed to the sun. It was 
subsequently gathered by Mr. W. Harrison, 
near Rio de Janeiro, and sent by him to his 
brother at Liverpool, in whose collection it 
flowered in 1832. In the course of the next 
twenty years it was detected by various 
explorers and plant collectors near the Rio 
Negro in Brazil, in New Granada, British 
Guiana, Jamaica, and other places. It is one 
of the most variable of Epidendra, a circum- 
stance that may be accounted for by its great 
diversity of station throughout its extensive 
habitat. Specimens collected in many locali- 
ties widely remote from each other were 
compared by Dr.Lindley, who was persuaded 
that the various forms were only varieties of 
one and the same species, some of which he 
distinguished by name, but they are now 
known only in herbaria with the exception of 
coriaceum, which was first introduced from 
Demerara in 1837. 


VOLE. VI. 


LALIA PR#STANS.—This rarity may be 
distinguished by its trumpet-shaped lip, which 
is not straight as in .. pumila. The convolute 
side lobes of the lip overlap at their margin, 
and are stiff in texture, so that they cannot be 
spread out without splitting. The lines on 
the orange-yellow disc are almost obsolete, 
and thus differ considerably from L. Dayana, 
in which they are very pronounced. 


CATTLEYA TRIUMPHANS.—Among Catt- 
leyas no problem has proved so difficult to 
solve as the making of a large flower of yellow 
colour, and every advance, however small, is 
keenly criticised by the hybridists who 
continue the interesting work. An early 
result was Cattleya triumphans (Rex x aurea), 
first raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons in 
July, 1904, when it received an Award of 
Merit at the Royal Horticultural Society. In 
the following year M. Maron flowered a 
similar hybrid. Little more appears to have 
been heard of C. triumphans until Messrs. 
Flory and Black exhibited Cattleya King 
George (triumphans x aurea), a magnificent 
flower, which was unanimously awarded a 
First-class Certificate, R.H.S., September 
28th, 1915. Now we have the pleasure of 
recording the flowering of C. triumphans in 
the collection of Baron Bruno Schréder, 
Englefield Green, Surrey, where a batch of 
plants has been raised by Mr. J. E. Shill. 
The large flower has the sepals and petals 
rich golden-yellow, much more intense than 
that of C. aurea, while the expansive 
labellum is mottled with soft rose-crimson. It 
is a glorious flower, both in colour and in the 
dimensions of the segments. 


34 


266 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


PHALANOPSIS SANDERIANA—\— 
This beautiful species was intro- 
duced by Messrs. Sander and Sons, 
from the Philippine Islands in 1882, 
through their collector Roebling ; 
soon afterwards it was gathered by 
Messrs. Veitch’s collector Burke. 
When first it flowered in this 
country, experts regarded it as a 
natural hybrid between Aphrodite 
and Schilleriana, and later as a 
variety of Aphrodite. It is now 
considered a distinct species, native 
of the island of Mindanao. The 
leaves are 7—10 inches long and 
3—4 inches broad, usually dark 
green, but occasionally more or less 
spotted and marked with grey. The 
inflorescence is often branched and 
carries many flowers about 3 inches 
in diameter, and tinged with rose. 
In the variety alba the only colour is to be 
seen in a few light purple spots at the base of 
the side lobes of the lip and some yellow spots 
on the crest. 


¥y vy vy 
AY) 
ha “E MY 


L#&LIO-CATTLEYA MAD. BRASSEUR-HVE. 
—This hybrid appears to have been first 
exhibited by the late M. Jules Hye at 
the Meeting Horticole de Gand, Belgium, 
September 7th, 1913, and recorded in La 
Tribune Horticole, September 20th, of the 
same year. The parents are L.-C. Aphrodite 
and C. Warscewiczi1. From Mr. H. Worsley, 
Sherfin, Baxenden, we have received a 
painting of a beautiful variety bearing the 
name Harry Worsley, and produced by 
crossing L.-C. Aphroditessalba with G 
Warscewiczu F. M. Beyrodt. The white 
sepals and petals of both parents are 
inherited. 


vy “vy ¥“y 
4y YY XY 


CATTLEYAS IN SEASON.—From Mr. Alwyn 
Harrison, who has recently removed to 
Sharnbrook, Beds, we have received an 
elegant variety of Cattleya Lord Rothschild 
(Gaskelliana x aurea) and an unusually dark 
form of Cattleya Mrs. Pitt (Harrisoniana x 
aurea), distinguished as Harrison’s variety. 


| Nov.—Dec., 1916. 


Patent Sanderiana alba. 


CHOICE CATTLEYAS.—Several elegant 
novelties have flowered in the collection of 
Mr. H. Worsley, Sherfin, Baxenden, among 
them being C. Ataligas (Atalanta x Warsce- 
wiczil), with the sepals and petals of thick 
substance and the flatly displayed labellum of 
rich plum-purple. Two beautiful and distinct 
varieties of C. Venus, known respectively as 
Mastiff and Mrs. Harry Worsley, prove what 
fine results are now obtained by careful 
hybridismg. The former is of a peculiar 
bronze colour, suffused with dull red; the 
latter has bright golden-yellow sepals and 
petals and a large crimson-purple lip, prettily 
crimped at the margin. Among the Lelio- 
Cattleyas is L.-C. Stonehouse (C. Triane x 
1..-C. Canhamiana), in which the Back- 
houseana variety of the former parent has 
produced an effective mottling of purple on 
the apical area of each petal; the roundish 
labellum is dark purple with a_ golden 
dlotch in front of the column. Also L.-C. 
Mrs. Harry Worsley, the result of crossing 
callistoglossa and Dominiana, and in which 
the large flower has rose-purple sepals 
and petals and a very large labellum of 
ruby-red and crimson-purple. It is one 
of the best of the large section of Lelio- 
Cattleyas. 


Nov.—Dec., 1916. ] THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 267 


Odontoglossum 


ODONTOGLOSSUM NEVADENSE.— This rare 
species was sent to M. Linden’s establishment 
at Brussels in 1868 by Gustav Wallis, who 
had collected it, unknown to himself at the 
time, with a quantity of Od. Wallisii which he 
had discovered on the Sierra Nevada, near 
Merida, in Venezuela. It is said that only 
four plants were sent to Europe in the first 
consignment, one of which was acquired by 
Mr. Sam Mendel, of Manchester, in whose 
collection it soon after flowered, being the 
first occasion in England. The sepals and 
petals are cimmamon-brown margined with 
yellow, and sometimes with some longitudinal 
stripes at their base; the lip is white, striped 
with chestnut-brown. It forms a parent of 
three hybrids, these being Odm. Una 
(nevadense x crispum), Odm. Valkyrie (neva- 
dense x Wilckeanum) and Oda. nevensis (C. 
Noetzliana x O. nevadense). 


ODONTOGLOSSUM EXIMILLUS, ORCHID- 
HURST VARIETY.—O. Harryanum, crispum 
and Pescatore1 have produced many of our 
finest hybrids, and notwithstanding — the 
successes so far achieved there is abundant 
evidence to show that even better ones will 


nevadense. 


appear as time goes on. When O. eximillus 
was first described (ORCHID WORLD, Vol. 
IV., p. 155) the plants were small, but even 
then the flowers foretold the fine varieties 
that would be seen in the future. The 
raisers, Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, are 
now reaping the benefit of the grand parents 
they used, which in the case of eximillus were 
eximium and _  illustrissimum, hence the 
greater part of the parentage is composed of 
crispum and Pescatorei, the remainder being 
Harryanum. One of the attractive features 
of the Orchidhurst variety is the decisive 
nature of the coloration; the sepals are 
almost covered with crimson-brown; the 
broad petals bear a nearly circular and solid 
blotch of rich claret-purple, the apex and a 
narrow border being white and having a 
crystalline appearance. The formation of 
the labellum is that of Pescatorei, with the 
apex conspicuously pandurate, and _ being 
white it stands out well from the other 
segments; on its middle portion is a large 
crimson blotch, on each side of which is a 
glistening area, just as though two dabs of 
varnish had been applied, and making a very 
distinctive feature. A finishing touch 1s 
given by the rich crimson colour on the broad 
column. On this occasion the plant has 
produced a spike of nine flowers. 


268 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


PHALAENOPSIS CORNU-CERVI. 


oh following interesting account of 


Phalznopsis Cornu-cervi, sent to the 

Gardeners’ Chronicle by Major-Gen. 
E. S. Berkeley, describes Orchid life in a 
tropical jungle :— 

“This curious Orchid is found in abund- 
ance on the stunted bushes in the swampy 
islands at the mouth of the river Irawaddy. 
In this situation, being exposed to the sun 
during the dry season, it loses its leaves, its 
roots being kept plump by the night dews, 
and it consequently has a distinct resting 
season. When growing in the shade it has 
no resting season, loses none of its leaves, 
and continues in flower throughout the year. 

“Phalanopsis Cornu-cervi is found from 
Akyab (lat. 19 degrees N.) throughout the 
whole of Lower Burmah, and southwards 
down to Tavoy, Mergui, and Perak, also in 
Java, occasionally on the hills, abounding in 
the plains, flourishing luxuriantly in the dense 
shade of the forest, where it is protected from 
dry winds. In 1870 the bamboos in the 
jungle between Pegu and Shoagun flowered, 
and, as is the habit of many bamboos, the 
clumps died and rotted down, thus rendering 
it possible to penetrate into a forest which 
had been closed for years. The few scattered 
trees growing in the bamboo jungle were 
mango trees; the trunks of these trees were 
found covered with huge masses of P. Cornu- 
cervi, growing in the densest shade, where 
they had been unmolested for many years. 
The plants presented masses of leaf growth 
of extraordinary vigour, and bore such 
quantities of flowers as would delight an 
English orchidist; this was the solitary 
Orchid found in this shady forest. Unfor- 
tunately, the deciduous variety, which bears 
comparatively very poor flowers, is that which 
survives the journey to England, the large 
evergreen form found in the jungle being too 
soft to travel.” 


PHALZNOPSIS Lowim-—A lovely species 
discovered by the Rev. C. S. Parish, in Moul- 


mein, Burmah, through whom it was introduced 


[| Nov.—Dec., 1916. 


Phalenopsis Lowii. 


by Messrs. Low and Co. in 1862. Mayjor- 
General E. S. Berkeley, who has seen 
Phalenopsis Lowi in its native home, writes 
in the Gardeners Chronicle of 1887 (I. s. 3, 
p- 279): —“ This plant loses all its leaves in 
its native habitat immediately after flowering. 
It grows on limestone rocks, and on the 
branches of small bushes growing in the 
crevices of the rocks. The surrounding 
country is under water the greater part of the 
year, and the rainfall is excessive; by the end 
of November the country dries up, and in 
January the flower stems and leaves have 
withered, nothing remaining but the roots; 
these cease to grow, but are kept plump by 
the heavy dew that falls at night. The resting 
season is short, as showers fall in March when 
the plants at once begin to put forth fresh 
leaves. This species grows on the north-east 
side of the limestone hills, and is thence 
protected from the effects of the afternoon 
heat of a tropical sun. During the rains the 
limestone rocks. are covered with many 
beautiful annual balsams and_ tuberous 
begonias; this will give a hint to the 
gardeners of the kind of moist heat required 
to grow Phalanopsis Lowii in perfection.” 
Flowers white flushed with amethyst-purple. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY.—Meet- 
ings will be held on November 16th, Decem- 
ber 7th, 21st, 1916; January 4th, 18th, 
February Ist, 15th, March ist, 15th, April 
5th, 19th, and May roth, 1917. 


Nov.—Dec., 1916. | 


DHE 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 


j a 


i 


of 


209 


L 


ot 


te 


re Gp Pe 


35 


Coryanthes Balfouriana. 


Arachnanthe Rohaniana. 


270 THE “ORCHID” WORLD; [Nov.—Dec., 1916. 


Cattleya Her Majesty. 
Sepals and petals pure white, labellum golden-yellow spotted with rose-purple. 


Nov.—Dec., 1916. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 271 


CULTURAL NOTES. 


many of the autumn flowering 

Cattleyas will have entered into a 
period of rest; it will be worth while to care- 
fully look over them and attend to any of 
their requirements. Very often, when a flower 
is cut for presentation to a friend, the flower- 
sheath is left in a damaged condition, and 
even when a clean cut is made the base still 
remains, only to decay in the course of a few 
days. An opportunity now exists to inspect 
these Cattleyas and to remove all that is left 
of the old sheath, which can generally be done 
by pulling it gently away in the opposite 
direction to the leaf. As the old spike is 
often left as well, a good plan is to split the 
sheath and remove each half separately, thus 
well exposing the remains of the spike, which 
can be finally removed by means of a sharp 
knife. Insect pests are very fond of getting 
into the crevices, and are best removed by a 
small brush and suitable insecticide. 

Some amateurs have the habit of tying up 
the bulbs far too closely, so much so that 
they are brought out of the perpendicular and 
make the top of the plant even smaller than 
the pot. This is a great mistake, for with 
the bulbs out of their natural position, the 
leaves also are wrongly exposed to the light, 
and if bright sunlight is allowed to fall on a 
portion of the leaf hitherto unaccustomed to 
it damage to the tissues is almost sure to 
result. On the other hand, the bulbs must not 
be allowed to hang down in a weakly style, 
hence the cultivator must use his discretion 
and arrange them in a natural as well as neat 
manner. 

Many plants will require re-potting, or at 
least some attention will be needed in 
replenishing the food supply. Whenever new 
roots are to be seen pushing from the base 
of the last-made bulb this operation may be 
taken in hand with the least shock to the 
plant’s constitution. In some cases almost 
the whole of the old compost will have to be 
removed, but in the majority of well-cared-for 
plants the chief need will be a slightly larger 
pot with fresh compost to fill up the extra 


B’ the time these notes appear in print 


space. A few plants will only require the 
surface to be picked over with a small pointed 
stick, and any weak places filled up with 
compost. It is of little use surfacing with 
moss those plants that will be kept on the dry 
side for the next few months, but the smaller 
ones, which have not flowered and are making 
a second growth, often receive beneficial 
support by adding living heads of sphagnum 
moss around the edge of the pot. All potting 
fibres have considerably advanced in price, 
and some are unobtainable at any figure, 
consequently many plants that in normal 
times would be repotted this season will have 
to wait until the following one. 
Temperatures will now be considerably 
lower, except in the houses where seedling 
Cattleyas are being raised. A minimum night 
temperature of 65-70 will be found suitable 
for Cattleyas, with 55-65 for Odontoglossums 
and other cool-house Orchids. No matter 
how a house is constructed, there 1s some 
difference to be found in the temperatures 
when taken at various positions, hence the 
cultivator has many places to select for his 
plants, and if they fail to grow well in one 
situation removal to another place will 
often bring about the desired good result. 
Frequently it will be found that certain plants 
erow well at the warm end of an Odonto- 
glossum house when they fail in the cool part 
of the Cattleya house, although the tempera- 
tures of both positions may be almost 
identical; the reason for this is that there 1s 
a vast difference in the humidity or circulation 
of the atmosphere. Practical experience alone 
will discover these suitable positions. 
Amateurs will do well to remember that 
plants suspended high up are in a very dif- 
ferent atmosphere to those nearer the ground, 
both in temperature and in humidity; and 
here, again, the removal of a sickly plant from 
one position to the other may bring it back 
to a vigorous condition. Sunny positions as 
well as shady ones both have their value, and 
it only needs the thoughtful attention of the 
cultivator to decide which plants are most 
suitable for the one or the other. This may 
seem an unimportant point, but practice will 
prove its value to an unexpected degree. 


bo 
bo 


AN ORCHID HOUSE OF 
LONG AGO. 


T was in 1837 that Schomburgk dis- 
| covered Bollea violacea when exploring 
the river Essequibo in British Guiana, 

and the graphic description which he then 
gave of the falls of this river, as well as those 
of the Berbice, incited Mr. J. H. Llewelyn, 
of Penllergaer, Swansea, to construct an 
Orchideous House, the interior of which was 
so arranged that the plants should enjoy 
almost similar conditions to those of their 
native home. An account of this house was 
communicated to the Horticultural Society of 
London in October, 1845, and was subse- 
quently published in the Society’s /ournad, 
together with the illustration now reproduced. 
Schomburgk mentioned a small island 
whose vegetation “had that peculiar lively 
appearance which is so characteristic in the 
vicinity of cataracts, where a humid cloud, the 
effect of the spray, always hovers round 
them.” This atmospheric condition Mr. 
Llewelyn imitated by causing water from a 
pond to fall over rough pieces of projecting 
rock, thereby producing a misty spray. The 
pipe conveying the water was so arranged 
that it passed through the boiler fire in order 
that the temperature of the house was not 
injuriously lowered. The water was received 
into a pool which occupied the centre of the 
floor of the house. Little islands of rock- 
work, covered with growing moss, served as 
pedestals for some of the Orchids which at 
that time were supposed to require a 
considerable amount of moisture.  “ Plants 
that are grown in this manner,” stated Mr. 
Llewelyn, “have a wild luxuriance about 
them that is unknown to the specimens culti- 
vated in the ordinary manner, and to myself 
they are exceedingly attractive, more 
resembling what one fancies them in their 
native forests—true air plants, depending for 
their subsistence on the humid atmosphere 
alone. Different species thus intermingle 
together in a beautiful confusion, Dendro- 
bium, Camarotis and Renanthera, side by 
side, with wreaths of flowers and leaves inter- 
lacing one another, and sending their long 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. | Nov.—Dec., 1916. 


roots to drink from the mist of the fall, or 
even from the water of the pool beneath. 

“Many species are cultivated upon the 
rocks themselves, others upon blocks of 
wood, or baskets suspended from the roof, 
and thus sufficient room is secured for a great 
number of plants. At the same time the 
general effect is beautiful, and the constant 
humidity kept up by the stream of falling 
water suits the constitution of many species 
in a degree that might be expected from a 
consideration of their native habits. Huntleya 
(Bollea) violacea was one of the first epiphytes 
that I planted, and it flowered and throve in 
its new situation, as I hoped and expected. 
The East Indian genera, however, of Vanda, 
Saccolabium, A®rides, and other caulescent 
sorts, similar in habit and growth, were the 
most vigorous of all, and many of these in a 
very short time only required the use of the 
pruning knife to prevent their overgrowing 
smaller and more delicate species.” 

It was in this house, in the year 1839, that 
the first flowers of Lelia majalis were 
produced under cultivation. A coloured plate 
of this species appeared in the Botanical 
Register for June, 1844, with the following 
interesting account :—“ Indeed, so signal, in 
the case of L. majalis, has been the failure 
of even the most experienced cultivators, that 
although there was scarce a collection that 
did not contain one or more specimens of the 
plant, still did it obstinately refuse to flower, 
except in the solitary instance when it yielded 
to the skilful treatment of Mr. Dillwyn 
Llewelyn. This plant was potted in very 
rough fibrous peat, being kept nearly dry in 
a cool plant house until its new buds began 
to swell, when it was removed to a hot and 
damp stove, kept exclusively for Orchidacee. 
Water was regularly given until its buds had 
acquired their full size, when it was discon- 
tinued by degrees, and the plant carried back 
to a lower temperature.” 

Perhaps the most interesting fact concern- 
ing this historic collection is that it is still 
maintained by Sir John T. D. Llewelyn, 
Bart., who was born in the year 1836, and 
who well remembers his father receiving 
plants from Mr. Bateman’s collector and those 


eo 


N 


WORLD. 


ORCHID 


4 


THI: 


Nov.—Dec., 1916. | 


2. 


WN = 


Swansea. 


The Orchideous House at Penllergaer, 


Reproduced from the 


Horticultural Society, 1846. 


of the 


Journal 


36 


VOT Vi; 


274 


bought from Mr. George Loddiges, of 
Hackney. The peculiar flowers of a certain 
Catasetum always proved an object of 
interest, and when the gardener was asked 
to show them to visitors, Sir John, then a 
boy, amused one and all by saying: “You 
cannot see them now, the cat has eaten 
them.” 

Aérides affine once carried more than 
eighty flower-spikes, but the perfume from so 
many was by no means pleasant, so the 
specimen was divided and portions dis- 
tributed to other collections. Saccolabium 
euttatum was also cultivated, and these two 
species are believed to have been the first 
Orchids ever placed before a photographic 
camera. A pleasing effect was produced by 
staging together flowering plants of Oncidium 
Papilio and Phalenopses. Other Orchids 
included Cypripedium insigne, Stanhopea 
tigrina, S. oculata, Calanthe vestita, Peristeria 
elata, Vanda coerulea, V. teres, as well as 
Dendrobiums and a species of Vanilla. 


MAXILLARIAS.—In a large genus like 
Maxillaria, in which much diversity of station 
occurs among the species, some living in the 
hot valleys of Brazil and Guiana, others in 
the West India Islands, and others again 
ascending the Andes to several thousand feet, 
the geographical position of a species is the 
best indication of the temperature in which it 
should be cultivated in the glasshouses of 
Europe. In other respects the general 
cultural routine may be thus formulated :— 
The plants should be potted when new roots 
begin to appear, in a compost of two-thirds 
fibrous peat and one-third sphagnum moss 
placed on a drainage of clean broken crocks 
that fill the pots up to about two-thirds of 
their depth. After potting, water should be 
carefully applied till the plants root freely, 
when a larger quantity should be given 
regularly till the new growths are mature. 
As the Maxillarias are usually found growing 
more or less in shade, they should not be 
exposed to direct sunlight during the hottest 
season. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[Nov.—Dec., 1916. 


Celogyne harbhata. 


C@LOGYNE BARBATA.—This handsome 
species, of which a fine example is now in 
flower in the collection of Col. Stephenson R. 
Clarke, C.B., Borde Hill, Cuckfield, Sussex, 
was first discovered by Griffith in Bhotan, 
and afterwards by Gibson and Thomas Lobb, 
on the Khasia Hills, near Mamloo, at 
4,000—5,000 feet elevation, and also by Sir 
J. H. Hooker and Dr. Thomson at Churra 
Punjee. Its first introduction to England was 
made by Mr. Wm. Bull, in 1878-9. The 
bulbs are sub-pyriform, about 3 inches high, 
and bear leaves 12—18 inches long. The 
erect flower-spikes are nearly as tall as the 
leaves, and produce about eight blooms, the 
sepals and petals white; the lip white 
externally, pale brown on the inner side, and 
furnished with shaggy blackish hairs, from 
which the specific name, meaning bearded, is 
derived. It is a plant that does not require 
more than the temperature of a warm 
Odontoglossum house, or a cool position in 
the intermediate house. When the flowers 
are being produced a drier position 1s 
necessary, for too much atmospheric moisture 
will quickly bring about a spotted conditon 
of the white segments. 


Nov.—Dec., 1916. | THe ORCHID 


WORLD. 275 


Cattleya Warscewiczii (gigas) flowering in the collection oy Clement Moore. Esq., Hackensack, N.J., 
U.S.A. The photograph shows 9 spikes with a total of 69 flowers. 


VON WARSCEWICZ. 


N December 20th, 1867, just fifty years 
ago, the Polish traveller and col- 
lector, Joseph Ritter von Rawicz 


Warscewicz, died at Cracow, where he held . 


the post of Inspector of the Imperial 
Botanical Garden. 

His name is perpetuated in Cattleya 
Warscewiczil, which he 
Colombia, about the year 1848. The greater 
part of this collection was, however, unfortu- 
nately lost when being conveyed down the 
river Magdalena, and the few plants that were 
saved subsequently died. Herbarium speci- 
mens were preserved, and it was from them 
that the species was originally described. 

Cattleya Dowiana was discovered by 
Warscewicz in Costa Rica about the year 
1850. Plants were despatched to Messrs. 
low, but not one survived, and it was not 


discovered in 


until 1865 that the first flower was seen in 
England, this occurring in Messrs. Veitch’s 
nursery at Chelsea. It is named in honour 
of Capt. Dow, of the American Packet 
Service. 

In 1853, Mr. J. C. Stevens announced the 
sale of a most important collection of Orchids 
received from Mr. Warscewicz, “who had 
succeeded at great peril in penetrating into 
the territory of the Xivaros Indians, near the 
source of the Maranon, one of the tributaries 
of the Amazon river, and whence no 


Of these 


Guilielmi 


European ever before returned.” 


plants Epidendrum  Frederici 
realised 10 ens. 
Miltonia 


collector's name; the dried specimens from 


Warscewiczu also bears this 


which this plant was first described were 
brought to Europe by him. 

In 1849-50 Warscewicz discovered Masde- 
vallia militaris in Colombia, and Zygopetalum 


276 THE, ORCHID WORUD: 


cerinum. Among other plants bearing his 
name mention may be made of Selenipedium 
caudatum Warscewiczil, which differs from 
the type chiefly in the deeper and brighter 
colour of the flowers, and the genus 
Warscewiczella, which is often included under 


Zygopetalum. 


MORMODES. 


ORMODES is one of a group of 
M genera characterised by fleshy stems 
and strange-looking flowers. Dr. 
Lindley long ago graphically remarked of 
this group of Orchids: “ That we find among 
them the most astonishing deviations from 
ordinary structure and the most. startling 
variations from what appears to be the rule 
in other parts of the organic world.” All this 
still holds good but in a modified sense, for 
many of the deviations in form and structure 
Mormodes, Catasetum and 
Cycnoches that were inexplicable puzzles to 
Lindley and his contemporaries have since 


” 


been shown to be not mere “freaks” or 


occurring in 


‘] 


“sports” of nature, but necessary conditions 
of the plant's organisation, probably evolved 
from a simpler state in the course of a long 
series of ages. 

The most striking floral peculiarities in 
Mormodes are seen in the column and lip, 
especially in the first-named organ, which is 
twisted one-quarter round so as to cause the 
anther to face sideways; the beak of the 
column, or, rather, the small hinge by which 
the anther case is articulated with the column 
is so sensitive that when the beak is touched, 
ever so lightly, the whole of the pollinary 
apparatus is released and tossed upwards with 
a jerk to some distance. The labellum, too, 
is a remarkable organ, and although a 
polymorphous one it always has the same 
relative position to the column, that is, it is 
bent upwards and inwards and arches more 
or less over it. 

The original Mormodes luxatum is more 
acceptable for the delightful fragrance than 
for the colour of its flowers which is dull 
lemon-yellow; in the variety eburneum the 


[ Nov.—Dec., 1916. 


colour 1s much purer, rendering the flowers 
quite handsome. The typical form was 
discovered by Ross in 1839 near Valladolid, 
in Mexico, while collecting Orchids for Mr. 
George Barker, of Birmingham, in whose 
collection at Springfield it flowered in 1842. 
The variety seems to have first appeared in 
the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., 
about the year 1878; it is a stately plant, 
delicate in the pure ivory tint and scent of its 
flowers, and quaint in its twisted shell-shaped 
lip. 


STANHOPEA OCULATA.—A very handsome 
species, first imported in 1829 by Messrs. 
Loddiges from Xalapa in Mexico through 
Deppe. It flowered in their nursery in June, 
1831, and three years later in Mr. Bateman’s 
collection at Knypersley. It was shortly 
afterwards sent from Guatemala by Mr. G. 
Ure Skinner to Mr. Harris, of Kingsbury, 
and to other correspondents. It is one of the 
best known of Stanhopeas and also one of 
the most variable in the colour and spotting 
of its flowers. As a species it is distinguished 
by its long narrow lip, of which the horns of 
the mesochile are short, broad, and at a 
considerable angle to the epichile. Mr. 
Skinner, in a communication to Mr. Harris 
respecting the habitat of Stanhopea oculata 
in Guatemala, stated that he found it growing 
on the same tree as Oncidium leucochilum 
in the higher temperatures, and recommended 
for its culture in Europe that it should be kept 
in a temperature not colder than 13 degrees 
C. (55 degrees F.) nor warmer than 
21 degrees C. (70 degrees F.), that it should 
be well watered from June to September, and 
from October till May only slightly watered 
every evening at sunset to resemble the dews 
of its native home—not, it must be recol- 
lected, so heavy as people represent them in 
Europe, the region being high and very 
different from a coast climate. The seasons 
are the same as in England, the coldest 
weather being from December to February 
when the thermometer sometimes sinks to 
3 degrees to 5 degrees C. (36 degrees to 
42 degrees F.) at sunrise. 


WORLD 


o 
—_— 
— 
—S 
aa 
‘ant 
~ 


THE 


278 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Cypripedium Daisy Barclay. 
Godefroye leucochilum < Rothschildianum. 


CYPRIPEDIUM Datsy BARCLAY.—This 
handsome hybrid is intermediate in character, 
having cream-yellow flowers, the sepals and 
petals bearing spotted lines of claret-purple, 
the lip marked with purple. Like other 
hybrids of Rothschildianum, several flowers 


[Nov.—Dec., 1916. 


F.C.C., July 4th, 1905. 


are produced on the spike, so that the plant 
remains in bloom for a considerable period. 
It was awarded a First-class Certificate, 
Royal Horticultural Society, July 4th, 1905, 
when exhibited by the late Mr. J. Gurney 
Fowler. 


Nov.—Dec., 1916. ] Ties ORCHID “WORLD: 279 


DENDROBIUM SPECIOSUM.§ :; 


E often hear of extinct animals and 
\ X/ birds, but very rarely does anyone 
enquire whether Orchids are 
becoming more plentiful or are decreasing 
in their native homes. Of course, the gather- 
ing of thousands of plants by collectors must 
have some effect in districts where popular 
species grow, but apart from this there may 
be a natural cause as well, and the following 
note written by that eminent authority, R. D. 
Fitzgerald, in his important work, “ Australian 
Orchids,” suggests that this may happen in 
the case of Dendrobium speciosum and its 
close relation, D. Hillu. 

“D. speciosum,” states Fitzgerald, “was 
at one time common on all the sandstone cliffs 
about Sydney, and on such outlying rocks as 
were large enough to afford safety from bush 
fires. None are now to be found except in 
gardens, and every year the circle is enlarging 
within which it is disappearmg never to 
return. ‘The Rock Lily,’ as it is called, will 
never again be found in the localities from 
which it has been removed, or multiply in 
those to which it has been taken. It may 
produce seed, but the seed never grows, and 
at length the old plants must die, never to be 
replaced. I have sown millions of seeds in 
the most favourable situations without suc- 
cess, and even in places where it has not been 
disturbed, though the plants be numerous, 
very few indeed are young. 

“On the bare or moss-covered rock (at 
least in the southern portion of its habitat) is 
the place where the Rock Lily grows, but 
this is only because it is the only place on 
which its seed vegetates, for when the plants 
are removed and given a liberal supply of rich 
mould and old manure they improve wonder- 
fully. In some places, however, where the 
soil accumulates about them and is composed 
of leaf mould and ashes blown upon them, 
they may be found equally fine. 

“The year 1889 was one in which all the 
Dendrobiums flowered well, and notes taken 
in that year will give an idea of the flowering 
and fertility of the genus in the open :— 
D. speciosum, number of spikes on best plant, 


35; number of flowers on best spike, 158; 
total of flowers on plant, on average of 120 
flowers to each spike, 4,200. Number of 
capsules set on plant, 7; number of spikes 
producing capsules, 5; largest number of 
capsules on spike, 3. Seven capsules to 
4,200 flowers. D. Hill, number of spikes on 
best plant, 95; number of flowers on best 
spike, 291; total of flowers on plant, at 
average of 180 flowers to each spike, 9,000. 
Number of capsules on plant, 9; number 
of spikes producing capsules, 0; largest 
number of capstfles on a spike, 3. Nine 
capsules to 9,000 flowers.” 

Perhaps some of our Australian readers 
will kindly contribute further information on 
this interesting subject. 


BULBOPHYLLUM NUDISCAPUM. — This 
curious species, a native of Africa, has 
recently been well-flowered by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons. The erect scape, about 
18 inches in height, bears a number of 
greenish-yellow flowers having a hairy, purple 
lip not unlike that of B. barbigerum. 


¥ 


o ae 


Ke 
isd 


VAN 
¥ 


BULBOPHYLLUM LEMNISCATUM.— This is 
the greatest glory of all the discoveries of Mr. 
Parish. A Bulbophyllum having, at the point 
where the chief vascular bundle of the sepals 
end, a long, thin, nearly cylindrical, horny 
body, half pellucid, with ten wings radiating 
from the thin filiform axis, like the spokes of 
a wheel. This organ is deciduous. Whether 
it has any use in the economy of the plant, or 
is a beautiful ornament only, we do not know. 
The plant flowered at Kew, and a figure was 
given by Dr. Hooker in the Botanical Maga- 
zime for 1872 (tab. 5971). The minute 
investigation of these organs is exceedingly 
difficult, on account of their thinness and want 
of entire pellucidity. The only thing like 
those organs which has been hitherto observed 
is in Dr. Blume’s Javan genus Epicrianthes, 
where six threads are represented in lieu of 
the petals. —H. G. Reichenbach, Trans. Linn. 
Sida VOL. NG Pe Pe 


280 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[| Nov.—Dec., 1916. 


Odontoglossum gloriosum. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM GLORIOSUM.—Only a 
few years ago this species was frequently to 
be seen in collections which contained 
imported plants of Odontoglossum crispum, 
more especially those of the Carderian, or 
Pacho type. Skilled cultivators could detect 
gloriosum by the colour of the bulbs, which 
was more of a yellowish-green than that of 
crispum, and when the leaves appeared they 
were narrower and longer, while the flower- 
spikes were branched. In former days, so 
common was gloriosum that numerous plants 
were destroyed almost as soon as they were 
detected, but now this species is compara- 
tively rare, and seems likely to remain so, for 
it has not the attractive nature of present-day 
hybrids. In its native home, gloriosum inter- 


crosses with crispum, and at one time the 
results were described as crispum Ander- 
sonianum and crispum Ruckerianum, but 
when their hybrid nature was discovered, the 
specific name crispum was omitted. Od. 
Ruckerianum results from the crossing of 
crispum roseum and gloriosum, and although 
its parentage is similar to that of Ander- 
sonianum, the name is still used to distinguish 
the rosy tinted varieties. Andersonianum 
first appeared in an importation received by 
Messrs. Low and Co. in 1867-8, and was 
named in honour of J. Anderson, gardener to 
Mr. T. Dawson, of Meadow Bank, Glasgow. 
Ruckerianum first appeared in Mr. Rucker’s 
collection, West Hill, Wandsworth, about the 
year 1873. 


Nov.—Dec., 1916. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 281 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


BRASSO-CATTLEYA SOMME.—B.-C. Mad. 
Chas. Maron ‘and C. Schrodere are the 
parents of this novelty, which has been raised 
by Messrs. Sander and Sons. The large 
flower of light rose tint, the open labellum 
fringed at the margin and with the centre 
greenish-yellow. 

CATTLEYA FLORINA.—The result of cros- 
sing Marstersonie (labiata x Loddigesii) with 
aurea, the flower of soft rose colour, the lip 
golden-yellow with  rose-coloured apex. 
Raised by Mr. C. F. Waters. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA LADY MANNINGHAM 
BULLER.—An Award of Merit was given to 
this hybrid when exhibited at the R.H.S., 
September 20th, 19106, by the raisers, Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown. The parents are 
L.-C. Thyone and L.-C. luminosa. 

SOPHRO-CATTLEYA SIR MERVYN BULLER. 
—A beautiful result, obtained by crossing 
S.-C. Wellesleyz with C. Empress Frederick. 
Raised by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, 
who exhibited it at the R.H.S., September 
20th, 1916, when it received a First-class 
Certificate. 

CATTLEYA FREDA SANDER.—A pleasing 
albino result derived from Mrs. Myra Peeters 
and Mossie Wageneri. Raised by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons. 

SOPHRO-LALIO-CATTLEYA LUTETIA.— 
An Award of Merit was granted to this 
novelty when exihibited by Messrs. Charles- 
worth and Co., R.H.S., October 1oth, 1916. 
The parents are S.-L.-C. Sandhage and C. 
Fabia. 

CATTLEYA SIR DOUGLAS HaIG.—Messrs. 
Sander and Sons have raised this handsome 
hybrid, the parents of which are C. Warsce- 
wicziu and C. Sylvia (Fernand Hye). 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA LE Sars. —B.-C. 
Pluto and C. Warscewiczii are the parents of 
this novelty, which has just flowered with 
Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

LA&LIO-CATTLEYA OLIVE.—A fine hybrid, 
obtained by crossing C. Adula and L.-C. 
callistoglossa, Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. 
being the raisers. 

L&LIO-CATTLEYA ZENA.—This novelty 


results from the crossing of L.-C. Ophir and 
C. iridescens, the flowers being of varying 
golden tints. Raised by Messrs. Hassall and 
Co; 

CATTLEYA REXFUL.—A delicate flower of 
cream colour with rose mottling on the 
labellum. Raised in the Blenheim Palace 
collection by Mr. Jas. Smith, the parents 
being Rex and fulvescens. 

CATTLEYA AUMANIA.—A handsome 
flower of rich coloration, the large labellum 
deeply frilled and rose-purple. The parents 
are aurea and Germania. Raised in the 
Blenheim Palace collection by Mr. Jas. Smith. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA PERCIWELLS. — The 
result of crossing C. Percivaliana and L.-C. 
Wellsiana. Raised in the Blenheim Palace 
collection. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA SUPERMAX.—L. super- 
biens and C. maxima are the parents of this 
hybrid, which has been raised in the Blenheim 
Palace collection. 


EPIDENDRUM'  CILIARE.—One_ of _ the 
commonest of Epidendrums and one of the 
first epiphytal Orchids cultivated in British 
gardens. It was first introduced in 1790, from 
the West Indies, by a Mr. Elcock; four years 
later it was among the few epiphytal Orchids 
then cultivated in the Royal Gardens at Kew ; 
and in 1799 it flowered in Mr. Whiteley’s 
nursery at Old Brompton. In the first decade 
of the nineteenth century it was in cultivation 
in the nurseries of Messrs. Loddiges, at 
Hackney, and of Mr. Colville, at Chelsea ; 
and from that time to the present it may be 
assumed to have been rarely absent altogether 
from the stoves of this country for any 
lengthened period. Epidendrum ciliare 1s 
spread over tropical America between the 
sth and 20th parallels of north latitude, 
including several of the West India Islands, 
varying a little in the size of its stems, 
inflorescence and flowers in different localities. 
The plant has the habit of a Cattleya of the 
labiata group, with which it has sometimes 
been confused when out of flower; it is 
frequently imported mixed with Cattleya 
Mossia. It flowers in December and January. 


282 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 


October 10th, 1910. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch Ga ‘the chan) sm 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Messrs. J. O’Brien 
(hon. sec.), W. Bolton, W. Cobb, J. Charles- 
worth, F. J. Hanbury, R. G. Whwaites, 
Stuart, Low, Si Flory; Pantia GRalliy Gay): 
Lucas, R. A. Rolfe, R. Brooman-White, J. 
Cypher, Gurney Wilson, W. H. White, T. 
Armstrong, C. Cookson and C. H. Curtis. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum percultum Nicator, from 
Ernest G. Mocatta, Esq., Woburn Place, 
Addlestone.—A fine example of this hybrid 
between ardentissimum and Rolfexe, the 
plant carrying two spikes with 10 and 11 
flowers respectively, which are of good shape 
and heavily blotched. 

Cattleya Venus Orchidhurst var. (Iris x 
aurea), from Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 
—An exceedingly fine form of this handsome 
hybrid, the large flower having broad 
segments of an unusual bronze tint, suffused 
with reddish-crimson, the wide labellum 
bright crimson. 

Sophro-Leelio-Cattleya Lutetia (S-L.-C. 
Sandhage x C. Fabia), from Messrs. Charles- 
worth and Co.—A very pretty result in which 
the medium-sized flower is _ rose-purple 
suffused with  scarlet-red. The former 
parent is C. Enid x S-L. heatonensis. 


OTHER EXHIBITS. 


Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a choice 
exhibit containing Cattleya Rumania (Octave 
Doin x aurea), with richly coloured flowers ; 
C. Tityus, of fine shape; C. Fernand Denis, 
now scarce; Leelio-Cattleya Numidia, L.-C. 
Thyone, Odontioda Brewu nigra, a very dark 
variety, and the interesting Odontonia Cybele 
(M. candida x O. cirrhosum),. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown obtained a 
Silver Banksian Medal for a group in which 


[Nov.—Dec., 1916. 


were dark varieties of Cattleya Fabia, the 
snow-white C. Clesiana alba, two varieties 
of C. Saturn alba, the handsome ye: 
Armstrongie, also C. Acis Orchidhurst var., 
with golden-yellow sepals and petals, and 
Odontoglossum Victory var. Sir Douglas 
Haig, a handsomely blotched flower. 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean were awarded a 
Silver Banksian Medal for a choice selection 
of Cattleya Hardyana, C. Prince John 
(Hardyana x aurea), with a large area of 
yellow on the lip; also the choice Cattleya 


- Cowaniz alba, fine forms of C. Iris, C. Lord 


Rothschild, the pretty L.-C. Carmencita and 
Cymbidiums erythrostylum and Hanbury- 
anum (erythrostylum »x Tracyanum), the 
latter a handsome hybrid. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons received a Silver 
Banksian Medal for a group in which were 
Cattleya Fabia Rex, with a spike of 5 flowers; 
C. Sir Douglas Haig (Warscewiczi x Sylvia), 
with two spikes of handsome flowers, the lip 
especially fine and dark; Cattleya Lady 
Veitch, a beautiful albino hybrid previously 
awarded a First-class Certificate; Sacco- 
labium Blumei and the white Coelogyne 
Mooreana. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. obtained a Silver 
Banksian Medal for an attractive exhibit of 
Cattleya Sybil, C. Sylvia, C. Beatrice var. 
Lord French, several fine varieties of C. 
Adula, C. Iris, and the new Lelio-Cattleya 
Zena, a promising hybrid between L.-C. 
Ophir and C. Iridescens, and having the 
sepals and petals golden-apricot colour with 
the lip soft crimson. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. exhibited 
Lelio-Cattleya Olive, a new hybrid between 
C. Adula and L.-C. callistoglossa, with an 
attractive labellum, round in shape and 
crimson-purple in colour. Also L.-C. 
Soulange, a pleasing hybrid of bright colour. 

Richd. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham Hill, 
exhibited Lealio-Cattleya luminosa Primrose, 
with primrose-yellow sepals and petals, and 
L.-C. luminosa King Cup, with golden-yellow 
segments. 

R. Windsor Rickards, Esq., Usk Priory, 
Mon., exhibited Cypripedium Eudora, a 
richly coloured flower, C. Curlew (Beryl x 


Nov.—Dec., 1916. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 283 


Fairrieanum), C. Mrs. Alfred Fowler, and 
the Usk Priory variety of C. Cavalier. 
Odontoglossum albion var. rubescens with a 
spike of 8 rose-tinted flowers, was also staged. 

Messrs. Flory and Black exhibited a fine 
example of Cirrhopetalum Rothschildianum. 

Mr. C. F. Waters staged a well-grown 
plant of Vanda coerulea. 


Dendrobium Wardianum, 


CATTLEYA PRINCESS ROYAL.—F lowers of 
an excellent variety of this hybrid are sent by 
Messrs. Sander and Sons. The parents are 
Hardyana and Fabia, and the colour is of the 
deepest rose with a crimson over-tint. The 
immense labellum is rich crimson, the throat 


lined with gold. A grand result. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID 
SOCIETY. 


September 21st, 1910. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, D. A. Cowan, J. C. 
Craven Moore, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, R. 
Handley, A. Hanmer, D. McLeod, W. 
Shackleton, S. Swift, H. Thorp and H. 
Arthur (Secretary). 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to Dr. 
Craven Moore, Victoria Park, Manchester ; 
and Silver Medals to the Rev. J. Cromble- 
holme, Clayton-le-Moors, — and 
Hassall and Co., Southgate. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, Messrs. J. and 


Cowan, Dr. 


Messrs. 


A. McBean and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and 
Sons also exhibited choice Orchids. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum Hamilton, a fine round 
flower, blotched; O. eximium 
xanthotes var. Citrona; Cattleya Gaskelliana 
var. Reine Blanche, with pure white sepals 
and petals. All from Dr. Craven Moore. 


heavily 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Venus var. Conyngham, C. Naidia 
var. Conyngham and C. Adula var. Conyng- 
ham. All from Dr. Craven Moore. 

Cattleya Venus var. Mary Gratrix and 
Cypripedium Actzeus var. Majestic. Both 
from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Cattleya Venus var. Cyclops. From R. 
Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Dallas “Carter Place var. 
From Tom Worsley, Esq. 

Odontonia Scylla (M. vexillaria x O. 
cirrhosum). From Messrs. J. and A. McBean. 


” 


October sth, IOIO. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. C. Cowan, Dr. Craven Moore, 
Ae OG. Hlbwoods s Jr Foster, W. 


Evans, P. 


284 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Gilden, A. R. Handley, A. Hanmer, A. J. 
Keeling, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, S. 
Swift and H. Arthur. 

A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to 
R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; and a 
Special Vote of Thanks to O. O. Wrigley, 
Esq. Bury. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cattleya Hesta Conyngham var. and Odm. 
Empress Eugénie. From Dr. Craven Moore. 

Cattleya Naidia Haddon House var.; and 
B.-C. Queen Alexandra Haddon House var. 
From P. Smith, Esq. 


Cattleya Venus var. Mary Gratrix. From 
S. Gratrix, Esq. 
Cattleya Venus var. Rossendale. From 


R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Rossetti The Knowle var. 
From J. Hartley, Esq. 

Lelio-Cattleya Serbia var. Leeana. From 
WOR Leesa: 

Cypripedium Hitchensie Keeling’s var. 
From Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Royal and Cypripedium Success. 
From R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Odontioda Olympia and Odm. eximium 
Queen of Roumania. From Dr. Craven 
Moore. 

Cypripedium Sentur. 
Esq. 

Leho-Cattleya Houghtoni. From Messrs. 
J €., Cowan andGe: 


From W. R. Lee, 


Brasso-Cattleya Ilene Risdene var. From 
Mr. Alwyn Harrison. 
CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 
To Mr. E. Rogers for Epidendrum 


vitellinum autumnale. 


[Nov.—Dec., 1916. 


INDEX. 


Acineta Moorei, 246. 

‘Erides affine, 245; quinquevulnerum, 245. 

Amateur, a successful, 58; Amateur’s collec- 
tion, 230. 

Angrecum sesquipedale, 73. 

Arnold, F., Orchid collector, 41, 62. 

Ascara tenuiflora, 180. 

Back Bulbs, 73. 

Brackenhurst Orchid houses, 1o. 

Brassia maculata, 21, 205. 

Brasso-Cattleya Admiral Jellicoe, 69; Apollo, 
88; Bianca, 153; Big Ben, 43; Brunette, 
89; cantoniensis, 246; Doris, 44, 115, 
153; Enid-Hye, 247; Mad. Rosa, 247; 
Maroniris, 247; Mars, 43, 45; Merlin, 
88; Miguel, 17; Nestor, 43; Nodina, 44; 
Oberon, 125; O. var. Majestica, 263; 
Pallas, 43; Penelope, 116; Somme, 281; 
The Czar, 17. 

Brasso-Lelio-Cattleya Baxter, 87; General 
French, 43; Gilbertii, 210; Joan var. 
Verdun, 189; Margaret L. Hanbury, 43; 
Probus, 125; Queen of the Belgians, 182, 
187 ; Simone, 125. 

Bulbophyllum grandiflorum, 10; lemniscatum, 
279; nudiscapum, 279. 

Calanthe Harrisii, 103; striata, 265. 

Calypso borealis, 53, 121. 

Catasetum pileatum, 22. 

Cattleya Adula, 1, 217; Alax var. Primrose 
Dame, 47; amabilis The Knowle var., 
50; Anita, 115; Ashtoniz alba, 23; 
Ataligas, 247, 266; Beryl, 56; Bourdasii, 
55; Brilliant, 17; Browniz, 28, 47, 52; 
Caduceus, 241; chocoensis alba McBean’s 
var., 117; Cowaniz alba, 44; Drapsiana, 
160; Dowiana Rosita, 74; Eldorado, 25; 
E. Wallisii, 232; Evelyn Sander, 88; 
Falco, 55; Florina, 281; Furleyana, 55; 
Gaskelliana alba, 241; Gatton Ruby, 87; 
General Russky, 43; Guillemont, 247; 
guttata, 26; Hardyana, to, 248; H. 
Clement Moore, 248; H. Fowler’s var., 
22; \ Hecate, 565, “Helen! Waneleysmeser 
Hesta, 233, 237; hybrids, 249; illustris, 
87 ; intermedia, 11; Jasper, 116; Julienne, 
161; King George, 37, 44, 45; Kitty 
Wren, 233; labiata alba, 52; Lady Veitch, 
43, 45; Lawrenceana, 73; Leopoldi, 11; 
Loddorado, 233; Lord Derby, 88; Lord 
Rothschild, 217; Luegez Fowler’s var., 
68; Mabel, 211; Maggie Raphael alba, 
71; Mary Sander, 88; Mendabia, 125; 
Mendelii, six-flowered, 217; Miguelito, 
246; Miss Williams alba, 58; Moira, 76; 
M. rubra, 68; Mossize McMorlandii, 200 ; 
Naidia, 17, 228; N. var. luminosa, 189; 
Nena, 233; Peacock, 87; Percivaliana, 
108, 251; P. grandiflora, 117; Portiata, 


Nov.—Dec., 1916. | THE ORCHID 


88; Pretoria, 113; Princess, 186; Puritan, 
56; Rachel, 233; Rhoda Langley var., 
263; Saturn, 233; S. Orchidhurst var., 
237; Schrédere var. Marjorie Helen, 178; 
Skinnerl, 97, 176; Snow Queen, 88; 
Soramis, 182; Sybil var. Georgius V. Rex, 
22; Thalia, 115; Trianz, as a parent, 231 ; 
T. Queen of Servia, 151; T. Roeblingiana, 
118; triumphans, 265; Valeria, 115; 
Veiris, 247; Venus var. Golden Queen, 
262; V. var. Princess Mary, 23; V. var. 
Victrix, 87; Warneri, 217; Weedonaurea, 
238, 24/7 

Cattleyas, blue, 25, 169; cultivation of in 
U.S.A., 170; for cut flowers, 6; from 
Penarth, 74; in season, 266. 

Certificated Orchids, 49. 

Chelsea Show, 2. 

Cirrhopetalum chinense, 3; mysorense, 74; 
robustum, 193, 214. 

Cockroaches and Orchid paintings, 6. 

Ceelogyne barbata, 274. 

Cooke, Mr. F., 1, 146. 

Coryanthes macrantha, 158. 

Cultivation, some _ essential 
145- 

Cultural Notes, 38, 67, 271. 

Cymbidium albanense, 115; Albatross, 115; 
Alexanderi, 147; A. Excelsior, 162; A. 
roseum, 141; Capella, 116; Cooperi, 128; 
Diana, 125; glebelandense, 154; Hum- 
blotii, 222; Lowianum, 132; Miranda, 
125; Parishii, 247; roseum, 128; sand- 
hurstiense, 17. 

Cymbidiums, 101, 128, 154, 170; of the Eastern 
Himalayas, 131. 

Cypripedium Alliance, 125; Aricia, 109; 
auratum, 109; Aurobe, 56; barbatum, 
227; Belides, 109; Bendis, 109; Boltonii, 
50; calceolus, 211; Camilla, 109; Claret, 
124; Daisy Barclay, 278; Dercetis, 100 ; 
Dora, 124; Dracomostyn, 109; debile, 
195; Euphrates, 56; Feronia, 109; Flet- 
cherianum, 244; Formidable, 125; 
Gladiator, 116; Gloria, 44; Golden 
Hleeee;* 153; --Golden- Gem, , 115,) 153; 
Heratrix, 122; Hildalgh, 56; Hippolyte, 
109; hirsuto-Curtmannii, 109; Inryl, 125; 
Iona, 71; Ivorine, 116; Leeanoleonia, 
109; Lotos, tog; Matthewsianum, 109; 
Major Grant, 116; Martina, 124; Mavis, 
116; Mercurius, 109; Milly, 116; Moira, 
125; Mrs. Grant, 116; niveum from seed, 
Plies @ NSA, LOO; Panthus, 109; 
papuanum, 2; peloriate, 170; Pero, 109; 
Priory Beauty, 71; Silvanus, 10g; sinua- 
tum, 10g; Snowflake, 46; Swallowtail, 
gag Uhera, 115, 156; umbrosum, 109; 
Venizelos, 246; Vulcan, 109; Walton 
Gem, 115; William Lloyd var. Negro, 
r65;.Wm. Rees, 115; Zelia, 109. 


points, 137, 


WORLD. 28 


ui 


Cypripediums, 121, 155, 169; modern, 102, 
136, 152; at Tunbridge Wells, 89. 

Cyrtopodium punctatum, 75. 

Davidson Cup, 121. 

Dendrobium Arabis, 125; Bensoniz, 124; 
Dearei, 169 ; densiflorum, 181 ; endocharis, 
113, 160; Falconeri, 93, 98; Farmeri, 
178; Hookerianum Fowler’s var., 23; 
Lady Colman, 149; MacCarthie, 114; 
Palpebre, 243; Sanderz, 169, 241, 262; 
speciosum, 279. 

Dendrobiums, 91; at Tunbridge Wells, 153. 

Diacrium bicornutum, 60; hybrids, 61. 

Disbudding, 121. 

Dominy, John, 156. 

Epidendrum atropurpureum, 181; ciliare, 281 ; 
cochleatum, 205; coriaceum, 265; elonga- 
tum, 145 ; prismatocarpum, 194 ; 
secundum, 145; variegatum, 265; vitel- 
linum autumnale, 52. 

Eria cristata, 73. 

Eulophia Saundersiana, 170; Stewartiz, 180. 

Eulophiella Elisabethe, 150; Hamelinii, 150. 

Flower, structure of, 81. 

Gillett, Mr. Ht. J., 146. 

Glass Pots, 74, 97. 

Gomphicis Tracey, 18o. 

Grammangis Ellisii, 176. 

Holland House Show, 213. 

Houlletia Brocklehurstiana, 18. 

Japanese collection, 197. 

Jemmison, Mr. G. H.., 178. 

Johnson, Mr. E., 146. 

Kraenzlinella rufescens, 180. 

Lelia anceps Dawsonii, 151; a. Hilliana, 193 ; 
a. Sanderiana, 145; FElaviona, 116, 117; 
Lorna, 161; majalis, 193; prestans, 265 ; 
purpurata, II. 

Leelio-Cattleya Adolphaurea, 89, 124; Aglaia, 
Piiericlessammucad a) Alex, 6 71, 88); 
Antinous, 115, 117; Anzac, 55; Appam, 
233; Balmoral, 44; Basil, 115; Black 
Prince, 260; Britannia Blenheim var., 165 ; 
Bucharest, 246; Buenos Aires, 141; Cas- 
tanea, 17; Corinna, 246; Dione, 43; 
Dominiana, 146; Domos, 197; Edwena, 
Uwe cenay eine ebileen 4a; Elsa, 124; 
Erica, 44; Erzerum, 125, 142; .eximia 
delicatissima, 22; Eyeringiana, 88; 
Fleury, 246; General Letchitsky, 233, 238 ; 
Gen. Sakharoff, 233; George Branch, 
181; Golden Wren, 246, 261; Invincible 
var. His Majesty, 94; Isabel Sander Blen- 
heim var., 213; I. S. var. Gatton Queen, 
213; Jessamine, 124; Jewel, 246; Joan, 
89; Kavala, 246; King Leopold, 43; King 
Manoel, 71; Lady Manningham Buller, 
263, 281; Lemberg, 233, 247; Longueval, 
247; luminosa aurea, 147; Lydia, 102; 
Mad. Brasseur-Hye, 266; Maqueda, 238; 
Momus, 115, 220, 237;.Monica, 125; Mrs. 


286 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Geoffrey Taite, 55; Mrs. Harry Worsley, 
247, 206; Niobe, 161; Pearl, 43; Queen 
Marie, 246; Risdene, 210; Rossettil, 44; 
Roumania, 246; Ruth G. Worsley, 88; 
Salonica, 55; San Juan, 201; Serva, 44, 
238; Sir -Mervyn Buller, ) 182.) weo. 
Soulange, 44; St. Alban, 88, 94; Stone- 
house, 247, 266; Suvla, 17; Thais, 54; 
Thyone Bryndir var., 261; Verdun, 161, 
164; Vesuvius, 210; Viking, 116. 

Lelio-Cattleyas, popular, 57. 

Lawrence Medal, 122. 

Limestone, 204. 

Lindley Library, gift of Orchid books, 169. 

Lycaste Balliz, 141; Skinneri, 98; S. var. 
Mrs. G. Hamilton-Smith, 164. 

Manchester Orchid Society, 24, 48, 72, 95, 119, 
144, 1166, TOV, 2h5, 239, 204, 282: 

Marlfield collection, sale of, 132. 

Masdevallia Ephippium, 206. 

Masdevallias, fertilisation of, 199. 

Maxillaria marginata, 12; porphyrostele, 12. 

Maxillarias, 274. 

Mendel’s collection, 217. 

Mice, destructive, 186. 

Miltonia candida, 235; Hyeana The Shrubbery 
var., 188; Isabel Sander Charlesworth’s 
var., 213; John Barker, 213; spectabilis, 
232; vexillaria Dreadnought, 237; v. 
Frank Reader, 189; v. Hesperia, 76; v. 
Shrubbery var., 187. 

Minute structure, 252. 

Mormodes, 276; luxatum, 276. 

Moscow Orchid Society, 104. 

Oak and Beech leaves, 184. 

Obituary: Ashton, F. W., 1; Fowler, J. 
Gurney, 171; Lawrence, Elisabeth Lady, 
149; I. Stafford, 50. 

Odontioda Aida, 179; Alcantara, 161, 164; 
Amethyst, 98; Aphrodite, 94; Arm- 
strongiz, 89, 94; Astoniz, 210; Aurora, 
187; Bellona, 233; Brewii cuprea, 189; 
Cooksoniz, 242; Connie, 210; Dainty, 
233, 242; Dora, 1425) Hanl skutchener, 
2015 Elstead’ (Geniaion- se etnel ae ser 
Florence, 182, 189; Gladys, 163; Good- 
sonie, 242; Gratrix Bryndir var., 187; 
H. Worsley, 242; Irene var. Glorita, 117; 
Joan, 186; -J. Bryndimavars, 926550 oi 
Fowler’s var., 162; Leo, 181 ; Leopardina, 
55; Luna, 179; Marion Worsley, 89; 
Mars, 227; Mrs. Nicholas Worsley, 115; 
Nena, 88; Nigella, 219; Niobe, 161; 
Orion, 182; Portia, 233; Prince Albert, 
161, 165; Prunella, 17; Sir Douglas Haig, 
219, 233; Sunset, 161; Trebizond, 181; 
Vida, 161; Vivienne, 242; Vulcan, 44; 
warnhamensis, 161 ; Zenobia, 177. 

Odontocidium Juno, 17; warnhamense, 161. 

Odontoglossum Aba, 155; amabile, 10; a. 
McBean’s var., 141; Anzac, 119; arden- 


[Nov.—Dec., 1916. 


tisper, 181; ardentissimum Ebor, 3; a. J. 
Gurney Fowler, 189; aspersum, 148; aspi- 
dorhinum, 238; Astilbe, 196; Boadicea 
aureum, 75; Caroline, 116; Chloe, 88; 
Clio, 88, 115; Clotho, 155; crispum, 159 ; 
c. Aldworthii, 189; c. Mrs. H. Worsley, 
148; Edusa, 89; Erzerum, 181; Eugenia, 
161; eximillus Orchidhurst var., 267; 
exultans Orchidhurst var., 117; Fabia, 
161; Fabia, 161; Farmeri, 182; General 
Townshend, 182 ; Godmanii, 186 ; 
gloriosum, 280; grande, 34, 219; g. 
hibernum, 113; Hallii, 228; hastilabium, 
149; Hazeldene, 211; illustrissimum The 
Shrubbery var., 165; Insleayi, 196; King 
Albert, 116; Lambardeanum var. Gatton 
Prince, 212; lapidense, 76; Lucilla, 211; 
megaglossum, 179; merldenense, 210; 
Mrs. S. Gratrix, 125; mulus, 169; neva- 
dense, 267;"Olga, 1255; Peerlessyyea, 
Pembury, 56, 69; Pescatorei, 173; Philo, 
88; Phyllis, 210; Rossii, hybrids of, 107 ; 
Ruth G. Worsley, 211; Tarent, 242; The 
Czar, 162; Tigris, 124; Trebizond, 181 ; 
Verdun, 161; Victory, 27, 49. 

Oncidioda Charlesworthii, 202. 

Oncidium ampliatum, 45; concolor, 204; 
Forbesii, 146; Gardneri, 201; hastatum, 
193; Kramerianum, 100; microchilum, 
241; nanum, 20; Papilio, 37; pulvina- 
tum, 20; pumilum, 20; sarcodes, 11; 
sphacelatum, 150; sphegiferum, 34, 49; 
superbiens, 169; varicosum, 194; V. 
insigne, 100; Wentworthianum, 34. 

Ophrys arachnitiformis, 99. 

Orchid cultivation in 1840, 232; in 1850, 5. 

Orchid houses of long ago, 272; Mr. J. Gurney 
Fowler’s, 170. 

Orchids, lecture on, 234; at Messrs. Armstrong 
and Brown’s, 8; at Jarvisbrook, Sussex, 
245; at The Glebe, Sevenoaks, 79; in 
Nature, 11; in South Australia, 29. 

Panama-Pacific Exposition, 76. 

Phaius Humblotti, 182. 

Phalenopsis Aphrodite, 64; Cornu-cervi, 268 ; 
Harriette, 32; John Seden, 218; Lowii, 
268; Rothschildiana, 51; Sanderiana, 
266; Stuartiana, 34. 

Polystachya grandiflora, 51; paniculata, 21. 

Potting, 7. 

Pleurothallis papillifera, 180. 

Preserving flowers, 2. 

Propagation, 52. 

Rapid Growth, 1. 

Registered Orchids, 194. 

Renanthera coccinea, 174; renantheras, 15. 

Rhynchostylis retusa, 111. 

Royal Horticultural Society, 22, 45, 68, 93, 
117, 141, 162, 1875 202) 237) 20teoe: 
R.H.S. Awards, 1, 122 ; Orchid Committee, 97. 
Sale in 1887, 30; Red Cross, 176, 198; J. 


Nov.—Dec., 1916. ] 


Gurney Fowler’s, 207; Sam Mendel’s, 

p ’ / 
217; Sir Trevor Lawrence’s, 175; Walton 
Grange, 172; Ziba Ward’s, 220. 

Sander’s list of hybrids, 9. 

Seedlings, selecting, 236. 

Selenipedium grande, 12. 

Self-help in war time, 77. 

Sigmatostalix costaricensis, 180. 

Sixty years among Orchids, 223. 

Smith, Mr. J., 146. 

Sophronitis hybrids, 32, 50. 

Sophro-Cattleya Enid, 124; Pearl, 70; Pop- 
pea, 115; Rex, 161, 163, 180; Salonica, 
55; Sir Mervyn Buller, 263, 281; Sylvia, 
FBO 


Sophro-Leelio-Cattleya ashteadensis, i 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 287 


Corona, 116; Diana, 44; Hanningtonii, 
246; Meuse, 161; Orion, 88; Serbia, 56; 
xanthina, 182. 

Stanhopea oculata, 276. 

Stanshawes Court collection, 80, 97. 

Structure of Orchid flower, 81. 

Twin flowers, 98, 123, 145. 

Trichopilia fragrans, 20; suavis, 31. 

U.S.A. customs duty on Cattleyas, 76. 

Vanda luzonica, 69; Sanderiana, 46, 97; S. 
Rann Lea var., 59. 

Vandas at Bridge Hall, Bury, 2. 

Von Warscewicz, 275. 

Vuylstekeara Colmanii, 200. 

Williams’ Memorial Medal, 201. 

Wilsonara insignis, 202, 212. 

Zygopetalum Burtii, 4; maxillare, 12, 62. 


288 THE ORCHID! WORLD: 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


‘rides suavissimum, 83 

Angrecum citratum, 135; A. sesquipedale, 127. 

Arachnanthe Rohaniana, 269; Lowil, 134. 

Armstrong and Brown, Gold Medal group, 185. 

Brassia maculata, 21. 

Bulbophyllum barbigerum, 83. 

Calanthe Harrisii, 105. 

Calypso borealis, 53. 

Cattleya Bowringiana, 85; citrina, 13; Drap- 
siana McBean’s var., 160; Hardyana 
Clement Moore, 248; Her Majesty, 270; 
intermedia, section of leaf, 255, of root, 
260, of stem, 259; Lady Veitch, 4o; 
Mossiz, section of leaf, 255, 256; Skinneri, 
177, 227; Warscewiczil, 275; W. var. 
Firmin Lambeau, 207. 

Ccelogyne barbata, 274; pandurata, 66. 

Comparettia macroplectron, 82. 

Coryanthes Balfouriana, 269; macrantha, 158. 

Cymbidium Alexanderi Excelsior, 147; Hum- 
blotii, 222, 223; insigne, 131; Lowianum, 
132). 

Cypripedium caricinum, 84; Daisy Barclay, 
278; debile, 195;  Fairrieanum, 83; 
Fletcherianum, 244 ; Harrisianum 
superbum, 157; insigne, section of leaf, 
257, of root, 259; Lathamianum, 229; 
Leeanum, 229; Lucifer, 198; niveum, 205. 

Cyrtopodium punctatum, 75. 

Diacrium bicornutum, 60. 

Dendrobium Ainsworthii, 160; Bensonia, 124 ; 
Brymerianum, 86; Devonianum, 83; 
endocharis, 113; Farmeri, 81; F. albi- 
florum, 178; luteolum, 263; MacCarthiz, 
114; nobile, section of leaf, 254, of root, 
260, of stem, 257; n. virginale, 91; Palpe- 
bre, 243; Rubens, 92; Wardianum, 154. 

Epidendrum atropurpureum roseum, 181; 
prismatocarpum, 194; pseudepidendrum, 
85; xanthinum, 86. 

Fowler, J. Gurney, 171, 209. 

Grammangis Ellisii, 176. 

Houlletia Brocklehurstiana, 18. 

Lelia albida, 141; anceps Dawsonii, 151; 
lobata (Boothiana), 162;  purpurata, 
section of leaf, 256, of stem, 258. 

Leelio-Cattleya callistoglossa, 126; 
221; Thais, 54. 


Momus, 


[Nov.—Dec., 1916. 


Masdevallia amabilis, 84; Ephippium, 206; 
fenestralis, 82; leontoglossa, 82. 

Medal, the Lawrence, 122. 
Miltonia candida, 235; 
Warscewiczil, 264. 

Miltonioda Harwoodii Fowler’s var., 68. 

Odontoglossum Amethyst, 208; ardentissimum 
Ebor, 3; Aurora, 106; Chione, 39; citros- 
mum, 81; crispum Mrs. Harry Worsley, 
148; crispum Pittianum, 56; crispum, 
section of bulb, 260, of leaf, 256, of root, 
259; Georgius Rex, 210; Gloriosum, 280 ; 
grande, 19;  Hallii, 228; hastilabium, 
149; Helmuth, 28; illustre Europa, 209 ; 
illustrissimum, 203;  Insleayi, 196; 
Jeanette, 208; Lady Pirrie, 1335 Mrs: 
Carlisle, 133; nevadense, 267 ; Pescatorei, 
173; Rossii rubescens, 107; Thais, 39; 
Victory, 27; Woodroffezx, 106. 

Odontonia Charlesworthii, 214. 

Oncidioda Charlesworthii, 202. 

Oncidium ampliatum, 45; 
86; concolor, 204; Forbesil, 146 ; 
Kramerianum, 87, 100; mnanum, 20; 
Papilio, 36; pulvinatum, 20; pumilum, 
20; sphacelatum, 150; sphegiferum, 34; 
varicosum, 195; Wentworthianum, 34. 

Ophrys arachnitiformis, 99. 

Orchideous house in 1845, 273. 

Orchids in the collection of Baron K. Tjuin, 
197. 

Phaius Humblotii, 183. 

Phalaenopsis Aphrodite, 65; Harriette, 32; 
intermedia, 230; John Seden, 218; Lowii, 
268; Rothschildiana, 51 ; Sanderiana, 266 ; 
Stuartiana, 35. 

Pollinia of Cattleya labiata, 260. 

Renanthera coccinea, 16, 81. 

Restrepia maculata, 82. 

Rhynchostylis retusa, 110; r. alba, 111, 112. 

Rodriguezia venusta, 82. 

Saccolabium bellinum, 83; violaceum, 143. 

Selenipedium caricinum, 240; grande, 14. 

Sophro-Cattleya Doris, Cobb’s var., 96. 

Stanhopea Wardii, 85. 

Trichophilia fragrans, 20; suavis, 31. 

Vanda ccerulea, 277; suavis, 22; teres, 83; 
tricolour, section of leaf, 257, of root, 
260, of old stem, 258, of young stem, 258. 

Wilsonara insignis, 203. 

Zygopetalum Burtii, 4; maxillare, 62. 


spectabilis, 232; 


chrysodipterum, 


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