V1 T'< Division of Agricultural Sciences UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ^k&? Ornamental Plants W-ELEVATION DESERT AREAS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Mildred E. Mathias Woodbridge Metcalf Marston H.Kimball Robert S. Ayers Chester L.Hemstreet Dean D.Halsey ~"**"*w»# CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 750 I N THE DESERT AREAS of Southern California the first settlers recognized the need for ornamental plantings for the comfort of both man and beast. Over the years many different kinds of plant materials have been tried. Some have barely survived. Many have proved totally unsuited to the heat, aridity, and wide variation of diurnal temperature, to the soil, water, and salinity characteristic of this desert. A surprising number of plants have grown satisfactorily. Recent studies have emphasized the marked effect of trees, shrubs, vines, and good ground cover on the temperature in and around homes and buildings. In order to determine what plants could be recommended for home and community use, the authors surveyed existing plants at different seasons from December, 1952, to May, 1954. In the Coachella Valley of Riverside County, the survey covered Palm Springs, Indio, and nearby communities. In the Imperial Valley, plantings in and around Brawley, El Centro, Imperial, Meloland, Holtville, and adjacent areas were studied. Along the Colorado River, the survey included plantings in Needles, Blythe, and on the former United States Department of Agriculture, Yuma Field Station at Bard, California. The survey included plantings in the northern low-elevation valleys, such as Death Valley and around Bagdad. Submitted for publication February, 1954 THE AUTHORS: Mildred E. Mathias, Assistant Specialist, Department of Botany, Univer- sity of California, Los Angeles. Woodbridge Metcalf, Extension Forester, University of California, Berkeley. Marston H. Kimball, Extension Ornamental Horticulturist, University of California, Los Angeles. Robert S. Ayers, Associate Agriculturist, Agricultural Extension Service, Imperial County. Chester L. Hemstreet, Associate Agriculturist, Agricultural Extension Service, San Bernardino County. Dean D. Halsey, Assistant Agriculturist, Agricultural Extension Service, Riverside County. MARCH, 1955 * [3] ORNAMENTAL PLANTS for LOW -ELEVATION DESERT AREAS of SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOCATION California deserts. There are sec- tions of three desert areas in eastern Cali- fornia: to the north is the high elevation, known as the Great Basin (4,500 to over 7,000 feet elevation) ; to the south lie both the middle elevation, or the Mojave (2,000 feet to 4,500 feet elevation), and the low elevation, or Sonoran Desert, known locally as the Colorado Desert (below 1,000 feet). The accompanying map shows the close relationship of the middle- and low-elevation areas. This study is concerned with the low-elevation desert, an area lying below 1,000 feet elevation along the Colorado River and in the Imperial, Coachella, Borego, Palo Verde, Panamint, and Death valleys of California. CLIMATE Temperature. The climate of the area is desert subtropical, characterized by daily maximums from 90° F to 110° from mid-May through September. Dur- ing this season, temperatures may be 100° or higher every day for six to ten weeks and occasionally longer. All-time extremes have been recorded from 119° at Bagdad, 130° at Amos, to 134° in Death Valley. During winter months, temperatures in the 80's and 90's have been recorded at all stations. Temperatures as recorded in standard weather bureau instrument shelters, often in garden-modified environments, are uniform throughout the area. With the exception of Death Valley, ^station rec- ords differ only 2° to 3° plus or minus the average mean daily maximum or mean daily minimum for each month. In Death Valley, temperatures are consist- ently 2° to 3° warmer day and night in the summer and 1° to 3° cooler in the winter. Diurnal fluctuation is wide — 40° to 60° being common. Winters are mild, the usual minimum ranging from 28° to 30°. Severe freezes occur infrequently when temperatures drop to 13° to 18°. An ex- treme low of 5° was recorded on one occasion in Blythe. Rainfall. Average recorded rainfall Is from 1.69 inches in Death Valley to 5.62 inches at Palm Springs, with an average for the entire low-elevation desert area of about 3.5 inches. Almost the entire sea- sonal rainfall may occur in one storm which can be a violent summer thunder- storm. Precipitation in December, Janu- ary, and February normally accounts for about half the yearly total. In some years there is practically no rain. Annual rain- fall distribution is shown on the accom- panying map. Growing season. This period is long, with 300 days normally expected between spring and fall frosts. Some crops are grown throughout the entire year. As a result of differences in elevation, consid- erable variation in minimum tempera- tures is known to occur within short distances. This is indicated by the exist- ence on the slopes above the valley floors of thermal belts in which more tender plants are growing. Wind. Wind and sandstorms are com- mon occurrences. Windbreaks make pos- sible the growing of a much wider range of plants. [4] Mean Precipitation Low-elevation Desert LOCATION Amos Bagdad Blythe Brawley Borego Valley*. Calexico Death Valley. . . El Centro Imperial Indio Mecca Needles Palm Springs . . . Yuma, Arizona f Average YEARS OF RECORD 51 23 42 44 9 32 40 21 32 73 39 63 56 30 ELEVATION, FEET 255 784 268 -119 550 0 -178 -50 -69 -20 -175 477 420 141 ANNUAL TOTAL 2.42 2.28 4.05 2.44 3.99 3.18 1.69 3.23 3.38 3.20 3.30 4.63 5.62 3.39 3.34 WINTER December, January, February 1.05 0.78 1.61 1.33 1.44 1.38 0.75 1.63 1.76 1.71 1.56 1.87 3.48 1.17 1.54 SPRING March, April, May 0.38 0.54 0.55 0.45 0.53 0.43 0.37 0.39 0.36 0.43 0.42 0.69 0.86 0.38 SUMMER June, July, August 0.48 0.60 0.52 0.80 0.24 1.22 0.67 0.22 0.37 0.45 0.35 0.65 1.06 0.41 0.74 0.59 FALL Sept., October, November 0.39 0.44 1.09 0.42 0.80 0.70 0.35 0.84 0.81 0.71 0.67 1.01 0.87 1.10 0.73 * Included in precipitation table only. Highest temperature of record, 120° (July) ; lowest 19° F (December), t Across the Colorado River from Bard, California. Complete, long-time weather record is available. Rainfall is low IN THE DESERT AREA Temperatures are high AVERAGE TEMPERATURE— 14 STATIONS LU LU o LU a JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUN. JUL. AUG. SEP. OCT. NOV. DEC. [5] Atmosphere. The desert atmosphere is nearly always extremely dry. A limited area directly north of the Gulf of Cali- fornia frequently experiences moderately high humidity in the summer. The mois- ture is insufficient to cause clouds but does raise the relative humidity to about 30 per cent. Aside from this localized effect, relative humidity at mid-day over most of the desert during the summer is in the range of 10 to 20 per cent. SOILS AND SALINITY Soils. In the Imperial and Palo Verde valleys are alluvial deposits from the Colorado River, which vary in texture from sandy loams to clays. There are areas of windblown sands around the perimeter of the valleys. Soils of the Coachella Valley are of local alluvial origin and range from coarse sands to clay. Salinity. With the exception of a few high alluvial fans, desert soils are char- acteristically saline. They must be re- claimed before ornamental plantings will succeed. Reclamation processes are the same as those used for commercial agri- culture. IRRIGATION AND WATER QUALITY Irrigation. The widely varying soils require different irrigation practices. Plants on lighter soils need to be irri- gated with relatively small quantities of water every few days, while on heavy soils irrigation applications should be heavier and less frequent. Ornamental plantings in the desert are entirely dependent on irrigation. There is a close relationship between irrigation for plant growth and for the control of salinity in the soil. Water quality. A few areas have high-quality water of local origin. Under these conditions, salinity is seldom a problem. In the main, the low-elevation desert is irrigated with water from the Colorado River, which is a gypsiferous water with about one ton of dissolved salts per acre foot. With this type of water and with low rainfall, salinity can build up rapidly in the soil unless enough water is used to maintain adequate leach- ing. In these areas, flood irrigation is rec- ommended for lawns as well as for trees and shrubs to prevent accumulations of salt in the root zone. Most native plants are susceptible to root rot diseases when the soil around their roots is kept wet during the sum- mer. Consequently, they should be planted by themselves where they can be watered at longer intervals. The University of California Agricul- tural Extension Service with offices in each county is available for consultation as to needs and methods of reclamation, soil management, and irrigation prac- tices. PLANT MATERIALS Three lists of plant materials* are pre- sented: I — those plants actually observed by the authors or by Edward G. Noble. Superintendent, Department of Agricul- ture, Yuma Field Station, Bard, Califor- nia, 1917 to 1948. Plants contributed and rated by Mr. Noble are marked (1) in the list; II — plants reliably reported; and III — suggestions for trial plantings. Cacti and other succulents, agaves, garden annuals, and bulbs which are commonly grown are not listed. These may be used in variety or season as de- sired. All species and varieties in List I are known to be adapted to the low-elevation desert. Those in List II are believed equally satisfactory. Their successful uti- lization will depend on maintaining suit- able cultural conditions. Many plants listed as evergreens may be partly or wholly deciduous in cold winters. Some listed as deciduous may be nearly ever- green in warm winters. * The nomenclature used follows L. H. Bailey, Manual of Cultivated Plants, 1949, and Hortus Second, 1941. [6] LIST I A grading of 1, 2, 3, and 4 is utilized to indicate frequency of distribution of plants in the area surveyed: 1, a large number of plants in general use in most communities ; 2, fewer plants with rather general distribution; 3, a few plants found in three or more locations or many specimens of the same plant in one place ; 4, plants found in only one or two places, or a single specimen. Location is shown when the frequency rating is 3 or 4. When location is not listed, general or common (1 or 2) distribution is indi- cated. Only those species and varieties found capable of making satisfactory growth and appearance under desert environ- ment are listed. All species accepted for this list were three, four, or more years old, having survived as many complete seasons. Plants in List I were graded for condition: 1, excellent; 2, fair; and 3, acceptable. The grade was not assigned until at least one specimen was found in the grade allowed. To cite an example, many individuals of Ceratonia siliqua, Carob, were found apparently showing saline injury and possibly some iron chlorosis before good plants were dis- covered. The same is true of Cedrus deodar a and Acacia bailey ana, excellent specimens of which were found in Palm Springs. The existence of these good specimens prove their suitability to the climate when soil and water are favor- able. As a consequence, these species are graded Condition 1. When only weak, sickly plants of a species were observed under good grow- ing conditions, that species was consid- ered unsuitable, and therefore not listed. Eucalyptus citriodora can be cited as an example. Plants are scored in three grades with respect to drought resistance: 1) drought tolerant, such as desert natives; 2) mod- erately drought tolerant, such as the olive, oleander, most palms, and the al- mond, which will use large quantities of water if available, but which will do reasonably well on greatly reduced sup- plies; and 3) not drought tolerant, such as citrus, elms, willows, myrtles, or pyra- cantha. Plants are not rated for salinity toler- ance. However, relative susceptibility, or tolerance, is indicated by the location and general utilization of a plant. Those widely distributed in all areas can be con- sidered moderately tolerant. LIST II This compilation is from published and unpublished lists of plants for low- elevation desert areas of California and Arizona. No gradings are given. The list has been compiled from five sources in- dicated by numbers corresponding to the numbered list below : (1) 1938. Ornamental Plants for Subtropical Regions. Roland S. Hoyt. Livingston Press, Los Angeles. (2) 1951. Plants for Imperial Valley. A mimeo- graphed leaflet issued by the University of Cali- fornia Agricultural Extension Service of Im- perial Valley, El Centro, California. (3) 1951. Desert Agriculture. Circular 176 of the University of California Agricultural Exten- sion Service. (4) 1952. Trees for Yuma County. Mimeo- graphed leaflet issued by the University of Ari- zona Agricultural Extension Service, Yuma County, Yuma, Arizona. (5) 1953. Private, unpublished list. Courtesy of Arthur Barton, Glendale, California. LIST III These plant materials are suggested for experimental trial. Many have been rec- ommended for desert areas in other parts of the world and may well be adapted. The list has been prepared from personal notes of the authors (no reference num- ber) and the following references with source indicated by number: (6) 1948. Shrubs and Trees for Australian Gar- dens. Ernest E. Lord, Section V, "The Hot Dry Inland," pp. 367-77. (7) 1951. Flowering Shrubs and Trees for South African Gardens. Sima Eliovson, "Plants for Dry Conditions," pp. 40-41. (8) 1951. Ornamental Shrubs for the Southern Great Plains. Farmers Bulletin 2025, U. S. De- partment of Agriculture. [7] Coniferous trees and shrubs List I — Species and Varieties of Plants Known to Scientific name Common name Fre- quency Location Condi- tion Remarks Cedrus deodara Deodar cedar 4 El Centro, Palm Springs 1 Specimen in El Centro shows saline injury Cupressus glabra Arizona cypress 1 1 Usually grown as C. ari- zonica mm Cupressus Monterey cypress 4 Blythe, Thermal 2 macrocarpa Cupressus Italian cypress 1 1 Great variation from colum- sempervirens nar to spreading Juniperus Pfitzer juniper 1 1 Several varieties; bright chinensis blue berries Juniperus hori- Creeping juniper 4 Blythe 1 zontalis Juniperus sabina Savin juniper 2 1 Pinus canariensis Canary Island pine 2 1 Injured by salinity Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine 1 1 Thuja orientalis Chinese arborvitae 1 1 Shrub and tree forms Pal ms Arecastrum ro- manzoffianum Chamaerops hu- milis (1) Erythea bran- degeei (1) Erythea edulis (1) Phoenix canariensis Phoenix dactylifera Sabalexul (1) Sabal lexana (1) Washingtonia filifera Washingtonia robusta Coeds palm European fan palm San Jose Hesper palm Guadalupe palm Canary Island palm Date palm Victoria palmetto Texas palmetto California fan palm Mexican fan palm Blythe, El Centro Bard Bard Bard Bard Bard Tall slender grayish trunk Hairy trunk Heavy trunk; wide spread- ing Halawi, Saidy, Zahidi, Bar- bi recommended for home use Desert native; heavy trunl Slender trunk Evergreen trees A cacia pendula A cacia retinodes Weeping acacia Wirilda Brawley, Endio Brawley, Thermal Attractive foliage Attractive flowers [8] Grow Satisfactorily in Low-elevation Desert Environment Height Growth habit Foliage color Frost tolerance Drought resistance CD CO J CO j CO C<1 J CD o co J CNI o J o CO i-c a) > o -n d cS o a 'S c3 01 I-, a 02 0) a a o -►^ C 3 O 13 i c3 — >> a. 0) d 53 o> «j G Q d CD a O CD ID i- oj a M d 'a 0) 0) d CD CD t-. M -^> -C M 3 d CD u M s d -5 CD d CD CD tH 03 Q CD 3 CD SI d o 'a — 3 Ph CD X) d CD H >> T3 S-. cS a CD >> H W 3 1-2 2 2 2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3 2 3 1-2 2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2 X X X X X 2 X - X X X X X 2 X X X X X 2 X X X X 2 X X X X X X X X X X — X 2 X X 2 X X X X 2 X X X X 2 X X X X X X 2 X X X X X X X X X X (Continued on next page) [9] Evergreen trees (continued) List I — Species and Varieties of Plants Known to> Scientific name Acacia saligna Arbutus unedo Bauhinia variegata Brachychiton populneum Callistemon viminalis Casuarina species Celtis laevigata Ceratonia siliqua Citrus auranti- folia Citrus aurantium Citrus grandis (maxima) Citrus limon Citrus medica Citrus mitis Citrus paradisi Citrus reticulata Citrus sinensis Eriobotrya japonica Eucalyptus ca- maldulensis (E. rostrata) Eucalyptus poly- anthemos Eucalyptus pulverulenta Eucalyptus rudis Eucalyptus sider- oxylon rosea Common name Golden wreath wattle Strawberry tree Orchid tree, moun- tain ebony Bottle tree Fire-fall tree Beefwood Mississippi hack- berry Carob, St. John's bread Mandarin lime (Rangpur) Sour or bitter orange Shaddock Lemon Citron Calamondin Grapefruit Tangerine Valencia and navel orange Loquat Red gum Australian beech; silver dollar euca- lyptus Corkscrew euca- lyptus Desert gum Pink-flowered iron bark Fre- quency 2 2 3 1 Location El Centro Holtville, Needles Indio Indio Indio Indio Blythe, Palm Springs Desert Center, Needles Condi- tion Blythe Blythe, El Centro, Palm Springs 2-3 Remarks Shows some saline burn Fine red fruits Purple flowers in spring; partly deciduous Weeping form best Fine red flowers; weeping Several species Good lawn tree; fast grow- ing Not salt tolerant Avoid use in red scale areas Avoid use in red scale areas Avoid use in red scale are? Avoid use in red scale areas; Eureka best variety Avoid use in red scale areas Avoid use in red scale areas; good street tree Avoid use in red scale areas; Marsh seedless best va- riety Avoid use in red scale areas Avoid use in red scale areas Edible fruit Widely used as windbreak | Good cut foliage Good cut foliage Attractive blue-gray foliag^. Striking black bark and |s bluish foliage \ [10] 3row Satisfactorily in Low-elevation Desert Environment (Continued] Height Growth habit Foliage color Frost tolerance -c d Drought u CD a a i — — bC 3 i resistance * CO J 1— 1 J CO CN T o o CO J C<1 o 2 CO - > o -d d a o Z 3 Q. O = o -a 1 cj H >. Cm u > ft, — 53 x x c v ft O c3 a 02 Foliage color c o o y ,4 — 9 c a 'J - - X Frost tolerance — - X X X X X X X X ( Continued on next page ) [13] Deciduous trees List I — Species and Varieties of Plants Known to Scientific name Common name Fre- quency Location Condi- tion Remarks Acer species Maple 4 Blythe 2 Young trees; looks promis- Ailanthus Tree of heaven 3 Palm Springs 1 ing Needs pruning altissima A Ibiziajulib rissin Silk tree 4 Meloland 2 Attractive flowers Carya illinoensis Pecan 2 1 Mahan, Burkett, Success varieties Catalpa speciosa Catalpa 3 Blythe, Palm Springs 1 Good flowers Cotinus coggygria Smoke tree 4 Holtville 2 Fine tree; will stand lawn watering Dalbergia sissoo Sissoo tree 4 Indio 1 Good foliage Ficus carica Fig 1 1 Edible fruit Fraxinus velutina Arizona or Modesto ash 1 1 Fast growing shade tree Gleditsia tria- Honey locust 4 Palm Springs 3 Needs pruning canthos Jacaranda acuti- Jacaranda 1 2 Blue flowers folia Juglans species Royal hybrid wal- nut 4 Bard 1 Madura pomifera Osage orange 2 Will stand lawn watering Melia azedarach Chinaberry tree 2 Will stand lawn watering needs pruning Melia azedarach Texas umbrella tree 1 Dense shade umbraculiformis > Morus species Mulberry 1 Kingan fruitless recom- mended; fruit may be ;j nuisance; good for law planting Pistacia chinensis Chinese pistache 4 Bard Colorful fruit; male and fe- male tree * Platanus London plane 4 Blythe, Palm Good lawn tree acerifolia Springs Platanus Western sycamore 2 i Good lawn tree; stands racemosa pruning Populus alba White poplar, local- ly called silver maple 4 Blythe Good lawn tree Populus balsam- Balsam poplar 4 Brawley Several young trees ifera Populus Carolina poplar 3 Blythe Will stand lawn watering canadensis [14] 3row Satisfactorily in Low-elevation Desert Environment (Continued) . o c 0) sq § Q d - o CD GO It r. a CO = s — 1 — 3 1 ■z -5 9 3 d i M Q E 'J 8 3 p E PQ a b 3 - 9 — d 8 - -. i ■ E i 3 X X X X X 3 X X X X X 3 X X X X X X 2 X X X X X X 3 X - X X X X X 3 X X X X X 3 X X X X X X 2 X X X X X 2 X X X X X 2 X X X X X X 3 X X X X X X r 2 X X X X X X 2 X ♦ X X X X 2 X X X X X X 2 X X X X X 3 X X X X X X X 2 X X X X X X ^M 3 X X X X X X X 3 X X X X X 3 X X X X X X 3 X X X X \ 3 X X X X X X United on next page ) [ IS ] Deciduous trees (concluded) List I — Species and Varieties of Plants Known t< Scientific name Common name Fre- quency Location Condi- tion Remarks Populus candi- Balm of Gilead 4 Blythe 1 Windbreak and shade tree cans Populus nigra Lombardy poplar 3 Blythe, Needles 1 Subject to borers; short italica lived Prunus species Flowering peach, almond, apricot, cherry, plum 2 2 Most flower well only afte cold winters Prunus cerasifera Purple-leaved plum 4 Blythe 1 Good lawn tree pissardii Robinia pseudo- Black locust 1 2 Fragrant white flowers; acacia good foliage Salix babylonica Weeping willow 2 2 Good lawn tree; give plenty of water Salix nigra Black willow 2 2 Good lawn tree Ulmus hollandica Dutch elm 4 Holtville 1 Will stand lawn watering Ulmus pumila Siberian elm 1 1 Needs annual pruning Ziziphus jujuba Jujube 3 Bard, Needles, Palm Springs 1 Edible fruit; good lawn trt. Evergreen shrubs Abelia grandiflora Abelia 4 Brawley, El Centro Acacia farnesiana Huisache, sweet acacia 2 i Buddleja asiatica White buddleia 4 Needles Fragrant white flowers Buddleja davidii Summer lilac 4 El Centro Lilac to rose-purple flowers Buddleja mada- Yellow buddleia 4 Needles Yellow flowers gascariensis Callistemon Bottle brush 4 Blythe citrinus Callistemon Bottle brush 3 Brawley, El rigidus Centro [ Carissa grandi- Natal plum 2 flora Cassia artemi- Wormwood cassia 1 Can be pruned low sioides Cassia Nairobi cassia 4 El Centro nairobensis Cassia species 4 Brawley Splendida and other va- rieties Cestrum diurnum Day jessamine 4 Needles Fragrant white flowers [16] 3row Satisfactorily in Low-elevation Desert Environment (Continued) Height ( lllAS tfa liul.lt Foliage color Front tolerai Drought resistance i CO J CO J CO J © CO 1— < © J © co > o C - 1 - 1. — 0 a q - ■r. 1 - _ - u 3 — B B 53 I 1 a o P 9 - z n / E - a, /. = s i St - i H E 9 1 X X X X X [ ■?. - -. :- z 3 ■ M g - - - la 3 B -r ■ - -■ — 1 ! — = 3 3 3 3 X X X X X X X X X X X X — X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2 3 3 3 2 3 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2 X X X X \ 1 X X X X 1 3 X X X X X X 3 X X X X X X 3 X X X X X X 2 X X X X X 2 X — — X — X X X X — 1 3 X X X \ 2 X X \ X X 1 3 X X X X \ 3 X \ X I 3 X X \ X X X I ( ,n,t it>> ,,i ,ui n.-.rf page ) [IT] FOLD THESE PAGE5 DOWN FOR MAP List I — Species and Varieties of Plants Known to Grow Satisfactorily in Low-elevation Desert Environment (Continued) Fre- Condi- Remarka DrouKiit Beighl Growth habit Foliage oolot Frost tolerance Scientific name 1 M "3 -= 1 i 1 1 1 t ~ v •«= h 7 s a I 1 1 1 i 5 a 1 "S 1 £ 3 1 1 | 1 1 • " o J " s 7 x & 53 c. o X s .j — a o s to 0, i~ X 33 Chamaelaucium 1 teraldton wax- 4 Palm Springs, Excellent cut flowers 2 X X X X X uncinatum flower Thermal Citrus Union Meyer lemon 4 Blythe Good tub plant or hedge; good fruit 3 X X X X X Cocculus lauri- Snail seed 3 Bard, El Centro, North exposure; good cut 2 X X X X X /alius Palm Springs foliage Cotoneaster Cotoneaster 4 Blythe Red berries in winter 2 x X X x X x X pannosa Dodonaea viscosa Hop bush 4 Brawley Narrow-leaved form; also available in purple leaf 2 X X X X X X X Durante re pens Pigeon berry 2 Colorful flowers and fruit 3 X X X X X x x Elaeagnus Oleaster 4 Mel ol and 2 x X X X X x x pungens Eremocitrus glauca Australian desert kumquat 4 Indio Fruit edible 2 X X X X X Euonymus Japanese euonymus 2 Green and variegated 3 x X X X X X japonicus Euonymus kiaut- Chinese euonymus 4 Bard 3 X X x X schovicus (E. patens ( 1 ) Feijoa setlowiana Pineapple guava, Feijoa 2 Edible fruit 2 X X x X X Gardenia species Gardenia 4 Palm Springs Sheltered locations 3 X X X X X Gossypium Thurber's cotton 4 Bard Arizona native 2 X X X X X thurberi Heleromeles Toy on, Christmas 3 Holtville, Palm Fine red berries in winter; 2 X X X X X X arbutijolia berry Springs avoid heavy watering Hibiscus species Hibiscus 1 Several species and varie- ties 3 X " X X X X X X Ipomoea crassi- Shrub morning 3 Holtville Attractive flowers 3 X X X X X X caulis glory Jasminum humils Jasmine 4 Needles Yellow flowers 3 X X X X X X Lantann camara Lantana 3 Bard, Blythe, Needles Sprouts from roots after freeze 2 X x x X X Lantana monte- Lantana 4 Desert Center Lavenderflowers; trailing 2 X X X X X vidensis (L. sellotviana) Leucophyllum. Texas ranger 1 Keep on the dry side 2 x X X X X frutescens (L. texanum) Ligustrumja- Japanese privet 3 Bard, Needles Stands heavy watering; 3 X X X X X ponicum good hedge (Continued on nest page} [is; [19] FOLD THESE PAGES DOWN FOR MAP List I Species and Varieties of Plants Known to Grow Satisfactorily in Low-elevation Desert Environment (Continued) Evergreen shrubs (continued) Fre- Condi- Roraarks Drought Height Growth habit Foli ago color Frost tolerance ScienCific name % 1 - i i 1 £ « Z I fe § s g 1 a 1 I 7 i z * 3 '•J 7 3 1 s 5 - ft, - I X Chamaelaudum Geraldton wax- 4 Palm Springs, Excellent cut flowers 2 X X x X X X X uncinatum flower Thermal Citrus Union Meyer lemon 4 Blythe Good tub plant or hedge; good fruit 3 X X X X X Cocculus lauri- Snail seed 3 Bard.ElCentro, North exposure; good cut 2 X X X X X folius Palm Springs foliage Cotoneaster ( lotoneaster 4 Blythe Red berries in winter 2 X X X X \ X X pannosa Dodonaea viscosa Hop bush 4 Brawl ey Narrow-leaved form; also available in purple leaf 2 X X X X \ X X Durante re-pens Pigeon berry 2 Colorful flowers and fruit 3 X X X X X V X Elaeagnus Oleaster 4 Meloland 2 X X X X * X X pungens Eremocitrus Australian desert 4 Indio Fruit edible 2 X X X * X glauca kumquat Euonymus Japanese euonymus 2 Green and variegated 3 X x X X X x jtipanicus Euonymus kiaut- Chinese euonymus 4 Bard t 3 X X \ X schovicus {E. patens (1) Feijoa sellowiana Pineapple guava, Feijoa 2 Edible fruit 2 X x x X X Gardenia species Gardenia 4 Palm Springs Sheltered locations 3 X x X X X Gossypium Thurber's cotton 4 Bard Arizona native 2 X \ X x X thttrberi Heteromeles Toyon, Christmas 3 Holtville, Palm Fine red berries in winter; 2 X X X X X X arbutifolia berry Springs avoid heavy watering Hibiscus species Hibiscus 1 Several species and varie- 3 X x X X x X X X ties Ipomoea crassi- Shrub morning 3 Holtville Attractive flowers 3 X X X x X X caulis glory Jasminum humile Jasmine 4 Needles Yellow flowers 3 X X X X x X Lantana camara La nt arm 3 Bard, Blythe, Needles Sprouts from roots after freeze 2 x \ X X x Lantana monte- Lantana 4 Desert. Center Lavender flowers; trailing 2 X X X X x vidensis {L. sellowiana) Leucophyllum Texas ranger 1 Keep on the dry side 2 x X X X X frutescens (L. texanum) Liyustrunijn- Japanese privet 3 Bard, Needles Stands heavy watering; 3 X X X X X ponicum good hedge (Contm ted ,„„ xl pagi ) [18] [19] MOJAVE AND SONORAN DESERTS OF CALIFORNIA The low-elevation desert (Sonoran Desert) is shown in white. It con- sists of the Coachella, Imperial, and Palo Verde valleys, a border strip northward along the Colorado River, and two extensive southeast-to-north- west troughs, one an extension of the Palo Verde Valley running north- westward from Blythe, the other an extension inland past Cadiz and in- cluding Death Valley. These areas are surprisingly uniform in climate and in native and exotic ornamental flora. They are very different from the western portion of the Mojave Desert, the ornamental flora of which will be listed in a later publication. Average annual precipitation is shown on the small map. Note that the low-rainfall area (white) on the precipitation map includes the entire low- elevation desert. Grow Satisfactorily in Low-elevation Desert Environment Continued] Height Growth habit Foliage color Fr-,-r tolerance Drought u •v V Q, 8 - G s resistance T SO CO J J to o o •c J © > o -o a - © U3 C ~ I* a j. a z ■a ~a a ■s o « - I <& ■— Oh a — a o Q c s a O - / - eS a 02 a 'a c i M 0 i u a - - o ® - o N rt 0 _ - a — Oh — - S -- H — — i — - 1 3 • X X X X X X X 3 X X X X X X ■» 3 X X X X X II X 2 X X X X X X X 2 X X X X X X X 2 X X X X X X 2 X X X X X X — X X 2 X X X X X X » 3 X X X X X X 2 X X X X X X X 3 X X X X X 2 X X X X X 2 X X X X X 2 X X X X X 2 X X X X X X 2 X X X X X 2 X - X X X X X 0 2 X X X X X X X 1 X X X X X X 2 X X X / X X . X 1 X X X X X X X 2 X X X X X \ 3 X X X X \ I Continued <>»i n«xt , [21] Evergreen shrubs (concluded) List I — Species and Varieties of Plants Known to Scientific name Common name Fre- quency Location Condi- tion Remarks Thevetia peruviana (T. nereifolia) Viburnum spe- cies Vitex negundo heterophylla Wigandia caracasana Xylosma senticosa Yellow oleander Viburnum Monks pepper Wigandia Xylosma 1 4 2 3 4 Thermal Needles, Palm Springs Palm Springs 1 1 1 1 1 Good flowers Needs part shade; robustu™ and others Open lacy effect; nearly de- ciduous Big leaved soft shrub; blue flowers Deciduous shrubs Cercis reniformis Chaenomeles la- genaria (1) (Cydoniaja- ponica) Elaeagnus angustifolia Erythrina crista- galli Lagerstroemia indica Punica granatum Texas redbud Japanese flowering quince Russian olive Coral tree Crapemyrtle Pomegranate Spiraea tricho- Korean spirea carpa (1) Spiraea van- Bridal wreath houttei Syringa vulgaris Lilac 4 2 4 Bard Bard Bard Blythe Bard Blythe Red flowers in spring Spiny barrier hedge Seedlings abundant — can be nuisance; makes small tree Needs winter protection; red flowers Flowering shrub or small tree; smooth bark; takes lawn watering Red flowers and fruit; good hedge; dwarf form avail- able White flowers in clusters White flowers in clusters Full shade; will flower aftei very cold winter Vines* Antigonon lep- topus Asparagus plumosus Rosa de Montana, coral vine Asparagus fern Needles Coral colored flowers; sprouts after frost * Nearly all vines can be held low or trained high depending on the support provided. [22] row Satisfactorily in Low-elevation Desert Environment (Continued) Height Growth habit Foliage color Frost tolerance )ro ught sistance eo J J CO y CO o CO J o 1 o CO 3 > o 3 a © M a -B 3 9 hi a CO T3 CD a a 0 ■>-> -a s 6 "ss ■a 1 S3 — a, d 55 8 03 3 Q s a O o Hi ■— a a cq a a c Si 3 d I fa M a 3 d o> u U a Q 0 • 3 5 e M 3 C - - 0 a - 3 a 3 — 3 H — - B5 i - r. - 2 • 3 3 2 3 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2 2 * 2 3 2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1 3 • 3 3 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ( 'ontisn u><{ on next > [23] Vines (continued) List I — Species and Varieties of Plants Known tc Scientific name Common name Asparagus sprengeri Bougainvillea species Campsis grandi- flora Campsis radicans Clytostoma callis- tegioides Cryptostegia grandiflora Doxantha unguis- cati Ficus pumila Hedera helix Ipomoea dissecta Ipomoea purpurea Jasminum species Lonicera japonica Lycium halimi- folium Parthenocissus quinquefolia Parthenocissus tricuspidata Passiflora edulis Phaseolus caracalla Pithecoctenium cynanchoides Pyrostegia ignea Senecio confusus Tecomaria capensis Trachelospermum jasminoides Vinca minor Asparagus fern Bougainvillea Chinese trumpet creeper Common trumpet vine Argentine trumpet vine Rubber vine Cats claw Creeping fig English ivy Alamo vine Common morning glory Jasmine Japanese honey- suckle Matrimony vine Virginia creeper Boston ivy Passion vine Snail vine Golden shower Climbing senecio Cape honeysuckle Star jasmine Periwinkle Fre- quency 4 1 Location Blythe, Needles Bard Palm Springs Bard El Centro, Palm Springs Brawley Needles Blythe Palm Springs Palm Springs Palm Springs 4 Holtville 1 Condi- tion Needles Remarks Low growing Many varieties; comes back after freeze; evergreen Large flowers; deciduous Orange flowers; deciduous Blue flowers; evergreen Milky juice; evergreen Yellow flowers; slender; evergreen Wall cover; milky juice Needs shade and moisture Dies back in winter Dies back in winter Several species; evergreen Fragrant flowers; evergreei Dies back in winter Good wall cover; deciduou Good wall cover; deciduou Rapid grower; deciduous; spray for caterpillars Creamy flowers; evergreen Bright orange flowers in winter; evergreen Orange flowers; evergreen Orange flowers; dark fo- liage; evergreen White flowers; vine or ground cover; evergreen Ground cover [24] Grow Satisfactorily in Low-elevation Desert Environment (Continued.) ■ ..f Height ( rrowtb habit Foliage color Fr tolerance Drought resistance I ce CO J J cm y SO o CO J o >c J o CO 3 o -o c © "0 3 3 a i. 3 d 3 O "3 1 7i U 0, u 0) -r e o 53 = s Q S3 z. o £ 83 a 03 It o o a £ -*- 13 i — St £ 9 a i — 5 Q - 'J 3 s - - - - - B -r Z - — - i 1 2 X X X X 2 X X X X 3 X X X 3 X X X 3 X X X 2 X X X 2 2 X — X — X X X X 2 X X X 3 X X X 3 X X X 2 X X X X 2 X X X 3 X X X X 2 X X X 2 X X X 3 — — X — X X X a, 3 X X X 2 X X X 2 X X X 3 X X X \ 2 X \ \ 2 X X X \ 2 X \ i ■ \ I ( i. at, n, i, , I >ni iw r/ )>• Cm - i 3 53 £ i 5 Q X d 9 a O ■ i a M a '3. S s I E 3 E | = C u a Q - E 'J • 5 - - - - — = — >> — pq 2 2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1 X X X X X k~* 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X — — X X — X X X X — X X X X \ X X X X \ 3 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X \ X X X X \ \ \ X 1 \ 2 X - X X X X X - 1 X X X X Ljst | — Species and Varieties of Plants Known tc Miscellaneous Scientific name Common name ( Fre- quency Location Condi- tion Remarks Acanthus mollis A maranthus tri- color Aptenia cordifolia Acanthus Joseph's coat Dew plant 4 2 4 Brawley Needles 2 Shade; perennial Borders; variegated foliage annual Succulent pot plant; ground cover Arundo donax Giant reed 1 Temporary windbreak; per ennial; variegated forms Aster species Canna species Clerodendrum bungei Cortaderia Perennial asters Canna Rose glory-bower Pampas grass 4 1 4 1 Thermal Bard Needs shade Bedding plant; perennial Evergreen; perennial; rose red flowers Plume-like heads; perennk selloana Cycas revoluta Cyperus alterni- folius Dichondra repens Euphorbia hetero- Segopalm Umbrella plant Dichondra Mexican fire-plant 4 3 4 2 Cathedral City Blythe, Holtville, Needles Bard Specimen plant Plant near or in pools Ground cover for shade only; perennial Borders; perennial phylla Ficus elastica Hedychium spe- Rubber plant Ginger 4 4 Cathedral City, Palm Springs Palm Springs Protected container plant- ings Needs wind protection an shade Clco Lobelia laxiflora 4 Needles Perennial; may be used as ground cover Mentha piperita Peppermint 4 Bard Shade and moisture; perei nial Musa species Banana 3 Desert City, El Centro, Palm 2 Needs wind protection; perennial Pennisetum Fountain grass 4 Springs Holtville Purplish flower-head; peitj ruppelii Phyla nodiflora (Lippia repens, Phyllostachys aurea Creeping lippia Yellow bamboo 4 3 Bard El Centro, Needles, Palm nial Flowering ground cover; perennial Slender stems; variegated leaves; perennial Phyllostachys Giant bamboo 4 Springs Bard Heavy stems; perennial bambusoides Ricinus communis Rosa species Castor bean Roses 1 1 Various leaf colors; pere nial; seeds are poisonoi Bush and climbers; many varieties Vinca rosea Periwinkle 1 Perennial »row Satisfactorily in Low-elevation Desert Environment Concluded Height Growth habit Foliage color Fro-t tolerance Drought u 1 a d s c ~ •u. - i esistance J CO CO CO J CO J CO © CO s J o CO O C es © m a i a 0 ■4- d 3 O "3 ■3 1 - 5 d § B /. c 3 Q a ft O — a a 3D u a 'a -r - a 9 - 1 - ss Q r. ■— -J -- - s N s — DP - - - — a — z - 1 I 1 - 1 = 3 X X X X X 3 X X X X X ,2 X X X X X 2 X X X X X 3 X X X X 3 X X X X X X X X 3 X X X X 2 X X X X X X 2 X X X X X 3 X X — X X X 3 X X X ■ 3 X X X 3 X X X X X 3 X X X X X 3 X X X X X 3 X X X X 3 X X X X X 2 X — — — X — - X X X 3 X X 3 X X X X X 3 X X X X X 1 2 X X X X X \ X X 3 X X X X X \ 3 X X X \ \ LIST II — Plants Reliably Reported to Grow in Low-elevation Desert Areas of California CONIFEROUS TREES AND SHRUBS Scientific Name Cupressus forbesii (4) Juniperus deppeana pachyphloea (4) Pinus sabiniana (5) Erythea armata (4) PALMS EVERGREEN TREES Acacia melanoxylon (3) Eucalyptus crebra (3) Pithecellobium dulce (4) Pittosporum phillyraeoides (4) Common Name Tecate, or Forbes cypress Silver alligator juniper Digger pine Mexican blue palm Blackwood acacia Narrow-leaved iron bark Manila tamarind Weeping pittosporum DECIDUOUS TREES Acer negundo (1) Celtis australis (1) Koelreuteria paniculata (3) Malus floribunda (5) Salix laevigata (3) Sophora japonica (1) Box-elder Hackberry Goldenrain tree Flowering crabapple Bed willow Japanese pagoda tree EVERGREEN SHRUBS OR SMALL TREES Acacia armata (3) Acacia cultriformis (4) Acacia latifolia (5) Acacia long i folia (3) Acacia podalyriae folia (4) Adenocarpus viscosus (1) Camellia species (5) Cistus species (1,4) Coprosma baueri (5) Cotoneaster lactea (5) Cytisus species (1,2,3) Diosma ericoides (1) Erica canaliculata (1) Eucalyptus globulus compacta (5) Fremontia mexicana (3) Genista species (1) Hakea species (1) Ilex cornuta (5) Ilex cornuta burfordii (5) Jasminum sambac (1) Lavandula officinalis (1) (L. spica) Lavatera assurgentiflora (3) Leonotis leonurus (1) Mahonia nevinii (1) Malvastrum capense (1) Phillyrea latifolia (1) Pyrus TcawaTcamii (5) Santolina cliamaecyparissus (1) Teucrium species (1) Viburnum opulus nanum (3) Kangaroo thorn Knife acacia Acacia Sydney golden Avattle Pearl acacia Sticky flatpod Camellia Bock rose Mirror plant Cotoneaster Broom Breath of heaven Heather Dwarf blue gum Mexican fremontia Broom Hakea Chinese holly Burf ord holly Arabian jasmine Lavender Tree mallow Lions ear Nevins mahonia Cape mallow Tree phillyrea Evergreen pear Lavender-cotton Germander Snowball [30] DECIDUOUS SHRUBS Primus glandulosa (1) Pihamnus species (1) Bobinia hispida (1) VINES Calonyction species (3) Cardiospermum halicacabum (3) Dolichos lignosus (1) Lathyrus latifolius (3) Lathy r us odoratus (3) Muehlenbeclcia complexa (1) Phaseolus coccineas (3) Pueraria thunbergiana (P. hirsuta) (1) Quamoelit pennata (3) Tliunbergia species (3) Tropaeolum peregrinum (3) Fitis arizonica (3) Flowering almond Coffee berry Kose acacia Moonflower Balloon vine Australian pea Perennial sweet pea Sweet pea (annual) Wire vine Scarlet runner (annual) Kudzu vine Cypress vine (annual) Clock vine (annual) Canarybird vine Canyon grape LIST III — Plant Materials Suggested for Experimental Trial in Low-elevation Desert Areas CONIFEROUS TREES AND Scientific Name Callitris calcarata (6) Callitris robusta (6) Juniper us procera africana (6) Libocedrus decurrens EVERGREEN TREES Acacia decurrens mollis (6) Brachy chiton rupestris (6) Cassia brewsteri (6) Celtis sinensis Eucalyptus lehmannii (6) Eucalyptus leucoxylon rosea (6) Eucalyptus melliodora (6) Eucalyptus platypus Eucalyptus populifolia (6) Geijera parvi flora Gyrostemon cotinifolius (6) Melaleuca styphelioides (6) Phytolacca dioica Stenochilus longifolius (6) SHRUBS Common Name Black cypress-pine White cypress-pine Dwarf African juniper Incense cedar Black wattle Bottle tree Cigar cassia Chinese hackberry Bushy yate Pink -flowered whitewood Yellow box Kound-leaf moort Bimble box Wilga Bell-fruit tree Prickly paperbark Umbu tree Berrigen DECIDUOUS TREES Albizia lebbeck Broussonetia papyrifera Zelkova serrata EVERGREEN Acacia accola (6) Acacia acinacea (6) Acacia aneura (6) Acacia bynoeana (6) Acacia calami folia (6) Acacia drummondii (6) Acacia myrtifolia (6) Womans-tongue Paper mulberry Japanese zelkova SHRUBS OR SMALL TREES Golden glory wattle Gold-dust wattle Mulga Dwarf nealie Wallowa Drummond wattle Myrtle wattle [31] Scientific Name Acacia pubescens (6) Acacia salicina (6) Acacia spectabilis (6) Adenocarpus foliosus Albizia distachya {A. lophantha) (6) Aleurites fordii (6) Angophora cor di folia (6) Anisacanthus wrightii (8) Artemisia abrotanum (8) Atriplex species BaecMa ramosissima (6) BaecMa virgata (6) BanJcsia ericifolia (6) BanJcsia marginata (6) Banlcsia ornata (6) BanJcsia serrata (6) Berberis sargentiana (6) Brachysema lanceolatinn (6) Buddie ja salvifolia (6) Calliandra eriopJtylla Callicarpa species (8) Callistemon brachyandros (6) Callistemon phoeniceus (6) Callistemon salignus (6) Callistemon speciosus (6) Callistemon teretifolius (6) Calocephalus brownii (6) Calothamnus gilesii (6) Calothamnus quadrifidus (6) Calothamnus villosus (6) Cantua buxifolia (6) Cassia corymb osa (7) Cassia didymobotrya (7) Cassia eremophila (6) Cassia laevigata (6) Cassia sturtii (6) Cassia tomentosa (6) Ceanothus edwardsii (6) Cestrum species (7) Cienfugosia haJceaefolia (6) Coprosma retusa (6) Cotoneaster acutifolia (8) Cotoneaster divaricata (8) Cotoneaster glaucophylla serotina (6) Cotoneaster micropliylla (6) Cotoneaster multi flora (8) Crotalaria agati flora (7) Cuphea micropetala (7) Cotvania stansburiana (8) Dalea species (8) Bampiera rosmarini folia (6) Dryandra mucronulata (6) Echium fastuosum (7) Echium virescens (6) Eremophila maciclinlayi Eremophila oppositifolia (6) Erica lusitanica (6) Erica mediterranea (6) Eriostemon myoporoides (6) Eriostemon obovalis (6) Common Name Downy wattle Willow Avattle Mudgee wattle Canary Island lupine Cape wattle Tung oil tree Dwarf apple-myrtle Wright anisacanth Oldman wormwood Saltbush Eosy heath-myrtle Twiggy heath-myrtle Heath banksia Silver banksia Desert banksia Saw banksia Sargent barberry Swan River pea-bush Winter buddleia Hairy-leaved calliandra Beautyberries Prickly bottle-brush Fiery bottle-brush Willow bottle-brush Showy bottle-brush Bearded bottle-brush Cushion bush Giles net-bush Crimson-cluster net-bush Woolly net-bush Flower of the Incas Desert cassia Smooth cassia Dense cassia Woolly cassia Edward ceanothus Red-throat hibiscus Looking-glass plant Peking cotoneaster Spreading cotoneaster Late cotoneaster Rockspray cotoneaster Multiflora cotoneaster Canary bird bush Cigar bush Cliffrose Dalea Rosemary dampiera Sword fish dryandra Pride-of -Madeira Madeira vipers bugloss Desert pride Twin-leaf emu bush Spanish heath Biscay heath Long-leaf waxflower Fairy waxflower [32] Scientific Name Escallonia macrantha (7) Eucalyptus burdettiana (6) Eucalyptus calycogona (6) Eucalyptus concinna (6) Eucalyptus crucis (6) Eucalyptus desmondensis (6) Eucalyptus dumosa angulosa Eucalyptus eremophila (6) Eucalyptus erythrocorys (6) Eucalyptus forrestiana (6) Eucalyptus grossa (6) Eucalyptus Tcruseana (6) Eucalyptus lansdowniana (6) Eucalyptus mitrata (6) Eucalyptus nutans (6) Eucalyptus oldfieldii (6) Eucalyptus preissiana (6) Eucalyptus pyriformis (6) Eucalyptus steedmanii (6) Eucalyptus stricTclandii (6) Eucalyptus tetraptera (6) Eucalyptus torquata (6) Eucalyptus viridis (6) Eutaxia microphylla (6) Forestiera neo-mexicana (8) Fuchsia species (6) Gompholobium huegelii (6) Gompholobium latifolium (6) Goodia loti folia (6) Grevillea alpestris (6) Grevillea alpina (6) Grevillea aquifolia (6) Grevillea JiooTceriana (6) Grevillea ilici folia (6) Grevillea lavandulacea (6) Grevillea macrostylis (6) Grevillea pterosperma (6) Grevillea rosmarini folia (6) Grevillea tlielemanniana (6) Grevillea wilsonii (6) HaTcea cucullata (6) HaTcea elliptica (6) HaTcea sulcata (6) HaTcea undulata (6) HaTcea vittata (6) Halimium species (6) Hardenbergia monophylla fruticosa (6) iTe&e salici folia (6) IZe&e salici folia variegata (6) Helichrysum cor datum (6) Helichrysum elatum (6) Helichrysum thyrsoideum (6) Hibbertia linearis (6) Hibbertia sericea (6) Hovea celsii (H. elliptica) (6) Hovea long i folia lanceolata (6) Hypericum calycinum (6) Indigophora australis (6) Iochroma tubulosum (7) Isopogon roseus (6) [33] Common Name Burdette gum Bed mallee Victoria desert mallee Silver mallee Desmond mallee Congoo mallee Tall sand mallee Red-cap gum Forrest marlock Phillips river gum Kruse mallee Crimson mallee box Mitre gum Nodding gum Oldfield gum Bell-fruit mallee Ooldea mallee Steedman gum Strickland gum Four-wing gum Coolgardie gum Green mallee Small-leaf eutaxia New Mexican forestiera Fuchsia Pale wedge-pea Broad wedge-pea Goldentip Goldfields grevillea Mountain grevillea Prickly grevillea Toothbrush grevillea Holly grevillea Lavender grevillea Mount Barren grevillea Desert grevillea Rosemary grevillea Spider-net grevillea Wilson grevillea King hakea Oval-leaf hakea Furrowed hakea Wavy-leaf hakea Striped hakea Shrubby coral pea Willow-leaf Hebe Variegated willow-leaf Hebe Heart-leaf everlasting Tall everlasting Cascade everlasting Showy guinea flower Silky guinea flower Oval-leaf hovea Lance-leaf hovea Australian indigo Rose conebush Scientific Name Jacksonia floribunda (6) Kunzea ambigua (6) Kunzea parvifolia (6) Lambertia formosa (6) Lasiopetalum behrii (6) Leptospermum rotundi folium (6) Leptospermum scoparium (6,7) Lespedeza bicolor (8) Leucopogon biflorus (6) Leucopogon virgatus (6) Lissanthe strigosa (6) Melaleuca decussata (6) Melaleuca elliptica (6) Melaleuca fulgens (6) Melaleuca hypericifolia (6) Melaleuca lateritia (6) Melaleuca longicoma (6) Melaleuca nesophila (6) Melaleuca nodosa (6) Melaleuca radula (6) Melaleuca scabra (6) Melaleuca steedmanii (6) Melaleuca thy mi folia (6) Melaleuca wilsonii (6) Melianthus major (6) Micromyrtus ciliatus (6) Myoporum debile (6) Myoporum desertii (6) Myoporum montanum (6) Nitraria schoberi (6) Olearia myrsinoides (6) PerovsMa atriplicif olia (8) Persoonia juniperina (6) Persoonia linearis (6) Phebalium stenophyllum (6) Pholidia gibbi folia (6) Pimelea axiflora (6) Pimelea flava (6) Pimelea oetophylla (6) Pimelea rosea (6) Pimelea spectabilis (6) Pittosporum crassi folium (6) Podalyria sericea (6) Polygala apopetala Poly gala myrtifolia (6) Pomaderris lanigera (6) Prostanthera aspalathoides (6) Prostanthera nivea (6) Prostanthera ovalifolia (6) Pultenaea daphnoides (6) Pultenaea scabra (6) Bhamnus alaternus (6) E/ms microphylla (8) Boyena lucida (6) Salvia ballotaeflora (8) Salvia microphylla (s. grahamii) (6) Salvia greggii (8) Scholtzia oligandra (6) Solanum pseudo-capsicum (6) Spyridium parvi folium (6) Common Name Holly pea White kunzea Crimson kunzea Port Jackson honey-flower Pink velvet bush Round-leaf tea tree Tea tree Shrub lespedeza Twin-flower beard-heath Common beard-heath Peach-heath Cross honey-myrtle Granite honey-myrtle Scarlet honey-myrtle Hillock bush Robin redbreast bush Long-claw paperbark Western tea-myrtle Jointed honey-myrtle Graceful honey-myrtle Rough honey-myrtle Steedman honey-myrtle Thyme honey-myrtle Wilson honey-myrtle Large honey -flower Fringed heath-myrtle Amulla Turkey bush Water bush Nitre bush Silky daisy-bush Russian-sage perovskia Prickly geebung Narrow-leaf geebung ■ Narrow-leaf phebalium Scaled emu bush Tough rice-flower Yellow rice-flower Downy rice-flower Pink rice-flower Banjine rice-flower Silver karo Silky podalyria Myrtle-leaf milkwort Woolly pomaderris Scarlet mint-bush Snowy mint-bush Oval-leaf mint-bush Large-leaf bush-pea Rough bush-pea European rhamnus Little-leaf sumac Shiny royena Shrubby blue sage Graham sage Autumn sage Pink scholtzia Jerusalem cherry Australian dusty miller [34] Scientific Name Stenochilus glaber (6) Stenochilus maculatus (6) Stranvaesia davidiana (6) Styphelia adscendens (6) Swainsona galegifolia (6) Swainsona grey ana (6) Swainsona procumbens (6) Tamarix hispida (8) Templetonia retusa (6) Tetratheca ciliata (6) Tetratheca pilosa (6) Teucrium chamaedrys (8) Thevetia thevetioides Thryptomene calycina (6) £7#m molinae (6) Yauquelinia calif ornica (8) Zieria aspalathoides (6) Zieria veronicea (6) Common Name Dwarf emu bush Spotted emu bush Low stranvaesia Golden heath Goatsrue Swainson pea Darling pea Pretty Swainson pea Kashgar tamarix Ked templetonia Pinkeye Hairy pinkeye Chamaedrys germander Large-flowered thevetia Bushy thryptomene Chile guava Arizona rosewood Heath zieria Pink zieria DECIDUOUS SHRUBS Scientific Name Berberis aggregata (6) Berberis rubrostilla (6) Berberis wilsoniae (6) Caryopteris incana (8) Colutea arbor escens (6,8) Colutea cilicica (8) Fontanesia fortunei (8) Rhamnus frangula (8) Common Name Salmon barberry Scarlet bead barberry Wilson barberry Common bluebeard Bladder senna Bladder senna Fortune fontanesia Glossy buckthorn VINES Hardenbergia violacea (H. monophylla) (6) Kennedy a nigricans (6) Eennedya rubicunda (6) Pandorea pandorana (6) Pandorea jasminioides (6) Passiflora manicata (6) Passiflora mollissima (6) Podranea brycei (7) Podranea ricasoliana (6) Senecio tamoides (7) Solanum jasminoides (7) Sollya fusiformis (S. heterophylla) (6) Purple coral-pea Black coral-pea Dusky coral-pea Wonga vine Bower-of -beauty Eed passion-flower Banana passion-fruit Zimbabwe creeper Pink tecoma Canary creeper White potato vine Bluebell creeper MISCELLANEOUS Chrysanthemum frutescens (6) Cordyline stricta (6) Doryanthes excelsa (6) Doryanthes palmeri (6) Euphorbia biglandulosa Euphorbia wulfenii (6) Felicia angusti folia (6) Helichrysum cor datum (6) Limonium dicksonii (6) Phlomis fruticosa (6) Ruscus aculeatus (6) Marguerite Erect palm lily Globe spear lily Palmer spear lily Wulf en spurge Lilac f elicia Heartleaf everlasting Pink statice Jerusalem sage Butcher's broom 1.35] ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This survey has been greatly benefited by the interested cooperation of nursery- men, staff members at the United States Experimental Date Gardens, Indio, Univer- sity of California and staff members at Meloland Field Station, and residents of the areas involved. Special acknowledgments are due to the following staff members of the University of California for assistance in preparation of various sections: Dr. F. A. Brooks, Agricultural Engineering, Davis; Professor M. R. Huberty, Irrigation and Soils, Los Angeles; Dr. Harlan Lewis, Botany, Los Angeles; and Dr. V. T. Stoutemyer, Flori- culture and Ornamental Horticulture, Los Angeles. 7|m-3,'55(5574)MH