*JOLOGT UBRAMl

I'holo by A. C. Jfedficld

RKD-W1NGKD BLACKBIRD FLEDGLING

The Ornithology of

Chester County,

Pennsylvania

BY

Franklin Lorenzo Burns

IN CO-OPERATION WITH LOCAL ORNITHOLOGISTS

"The burnished bluebird with the spring-time song;

The azure-winged runnel's April call;
The timid wren, the falcon fierce and strong ;

The soaring water-fowl, the swooping fall;"

— T. BUCHANAN READ

BOSTON

RICHARD; Q, 3ADGIJR

TH'E GORHAM PRESS

Copyright, 19J9, by Richard G. Badger

•IOLOG
All Rights Reserved

BIOLOGY LIBRARY

MADJB IN:THB ;I3NI-TEp STATES 'OF AMERICA
THH OoRalii PRBSS, BOSTON, U. S. A,

CONTENTS
PART I

Physical Features, Habitats, Biographical Notes

and Review of Faunal Lists 9

PART II
Annotated List 29

PART III

Bibliography of Faunal Lists 115

Notes 119

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FACING PAGE

Red Winged Blackbird Fledgling Frontispiece

Ideal Sketch of Westtown Boarding School in

1810 10

Vincent Barnard 1 1

Ezra Michener, M. D 20

Charles J. Pennock 21

B. Harry Warren, M. D 30

Thomas H. Jackson 31

Black-Crowned Night Heron Nest and Eggs. . 40

Night Hawk Eggs in Situ 41

Turkey Vulture Nestling Two or Three

Weeks Old 52

Young Turkey Vulture About Ten Weeks

Old 53

Great Horned Owls Fifteen Weeks Old 64

Barn Owls Ten Weeks Old 65

Acadian Flycatcher Nest and Eggs 76

Indigo Bunting Nest and Eggs 77

White-Eyed Vireo on Nest 88

Black and White Warbler Nest and Eggs 89

Worm-Eating Warbler Nest and Eggs 100

Blue- Winged Warbler Nest and Eggs 101

Yellow-Breasted Chat on Nest 114

Kentucky Warbler Nest and Eggs 115

THE ORNITHOLOGY OF CHESTER
COUNTY

ORNITHOLOGY

PART I

PHYSICAL FEATURES, HABITATS, BIOGRAPHICAL
NOTES AND REVIEW OF FAUNAL LISTS

Chester county lies in the southeastern part of
Pennsylvania, bordering the states of Delaware and
Maryland from the Brandywine to the Octoraro,
and extends northward to about 40° 15' on the
Schuylkill. With the exception of the extreme
southeastern townships, its area of 780 square miles
is a part of the Delaware river system. Chester val-
ley cuts through the centre in a southwesterly direc-
tion at a depth varying from 200 to 400 feet, and
from 500 to 2,000 yards wide for practically the
entire distance of 30 miles; dividing the county
in not unequal parts. For almost two hundred years
this valley has been almost entirely deforested and
under cultivation; in consequence its wild animal
life is less varied than that of the wooded hills on
either side. It would appear, however, that the
Killdeer, Red-headed Woodpecker and Grasshop-
per Sparrow are more constant breeders here than
elsewhere in the county, and the Mallard and Black-
crowned Night Heron are peculiar to the broad and
deep eastern part.

The northern half of the county is a succession
of hills and vales to the Welsh mountain (elevation
728 feet above the sea at Waynesburg). From the
9

IO The Ornithology of Chester County

latter region spring the main branches of the
Brandy wine creek, which flows in a southeasterly
direction and for 35 miles drains a large portion of
the county; the only extensive marsh land (several
hundred acres) lies near its source. The French,
Pickering and Valley are the most important creeks
flowing into the Schuylkill, and at Valley Forge
where the latter creek empties into the river, the
elevation is less than 75 feet. In recent times the
Rough-winged Swallow has been the most character-
istic bird of the SchuylkiJl river banks.

The southern part of the county is only less undul-
ating; the eastern section drained by the headwaters
of the Darby, Crum, Ridley and Chester creeks,
which, with the united streams of the Brandywine
river, the Red Clay and the White Clay creeks;
flow into the Delaware. The Big Elk creek empties
into the head of the Chesapeake bay, and the Octor-
aro into the Susquehanna river. It is from this
region that we occasionally have record of strag-
glers from the Austroriparian fauna.

While the county is abundantly watered by small
streams, the absence of large bodies of water ac-
count for the comparative scarcity of water fowl
and shore birds. As early as 1748, according to
Peter Kalm, the woods were mainly deciduous, and
free of underbrush on account of the annual burn-
ing indulged in by the small bands of the Lenni
Lenapes located in Willistown and along the
Brandywine.

The Chester Valley and Brandywine hills arc
famous breeding grounds of the Turkey Vulture,

IDEAL SKETCH OF WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL IN l8lO

VINCENT BARNARD

Physical Features and Habitats II

Broad-winged Hawk, Acadian Flycatcher, Fish
Crow, Worm-eating and Kentucky Warblers (the
Barn Owl, Cardinal, Blue-winged Warbler and
Chat being equally abundant in the Chester val-
ley, and the Mockingbird, Carolina Wren, Tufted
Tit and Carolina Chickadee are more often found
in the southern part of the county) ; all are more
or less typical of the Carolinian fauna.

The Black-billed Cuckoo, Scarlet Tanager and
Black and White Warbler are more or less com-
mon, and the occasional presence in the summer of
the Bobolink, Swamp Sparrow, Rose-breasted Gros-
beak, Tree Swallow, Chestnut-sided Warbler and
Redstart, would suggest that a more careful sur-
vey of the somewhat higher ground of the north-
western section might reveal a stronger element of
the Transition zone.

The so-called "Paoli barrens" is an exposed bed
of serpentine rock, about eight miles in length and
from a few hundred feet to more than a mile in
breadth ; beginning more than a mile south of Paoli
and extending nearly to West Chester. The few
inches of humus gives sufficient sustenance to a
coarse native sedge grass, a tangle of greenbriers
(Smilax glauca and S. rotundifolia) and a stunted
growth to scattered groves of scrub-oak (Quercus
stellata, Q.marylandica, O.ilicefolia and Q.pruio-
ides), red cedar (Juniper virginiana), pitch pine
(Pinus rigida), and among the common herbaceous
plants, Talinum tereti folium1 is typical of the ser-
pentine. In this untillable tract the Mourning
Dove, Long-eared Owl and Nighthawk find congen-

12 The Ornithology of Chester County

ial homes, the local strain of the Bobwhite made its
last stand, and tradition says that the Heath Hen
inhabited this growth in early Colonial times. A
similar and more extensive tract occurs in Elk and
Nottingham townships, extending into Maryland;
where the pitch pine is the dominant tree and the
Prairie Warbler a regulai breeder.

Anomalism in habitat is exemplified in the absence
or extreme scarcity of breeding members of the
Red-tailed Hawk and the Great Horned Owl on
the ridge forming the Delaware-Schuylkill water-
shed, where the Cooper's Hawk is common. The
paucity of winter visitants on this ridge cannot be
attributed to insufficient food or shelter, but I think
it is altogether due to the northern visitor follow-
ing the line of the least resistance on either side,
i. e. the valleys of the Delaware or Schuylkill.

Local ornithologists have been most active and
more numerous in the vicinity of Kennett Square,
Westtown, West Chester, Coatesville and Berwyn;
neighborhoods originally settled largely by the Eng-
lish, Welsh, Scotch-Irish and German members of
the Society of Friends, commonly called Quakers;2
to whom the study of the natural sciences seemed
peculiarly agreeable. Few like sections have been
more carefully worked than the south-central to the
eastern part of Chester county, and specimens from
this region may be found in nearly every large col-
lection.

Near the close of the eighteenth century, John J.
Audubon3 settled at "Mill Grove" on the banks of
the Perkiomen and Schuylkill, opposite Valley Forge

Physical Features and Habitats 13

and just beyond the county line. With the ex-
ception of a two years' visit to France, he resided
here until 1808, returning to visit his father-in-law
at "Fatland Ford" in 1812 and 1824. His en-
thusiastic search for ornithological material doubt-
less often found him on Chester county soil and as
some of his published notes apply to either side of the
river, he may be considered our first ornithologist.

Thomas Say4 entered the Friends' Boarding
School of Westtown, in May, 1799, being the
seventeenth boy admitted to the newly established
school. In those days the register number was re-
garded as of great importance and placed on all
clothing. Most of the school farm of 600 acres
along the Chester creek was primeval forest at this
time and for many years later, although the deer
and bear had disappeared. While here, young Say,
no doubt learned much bird-lore useful later in Gov-
ernmental work, but the discipline then in vogue
appeared too severe for one of his peculiarly sensi-
tive nature and he seemed to have acquired and re-
tained in after life to his detriment, an intense dis-
like for his teachers and for all ordinary branches
of study.

Early in 1819, John K. Townsend,5 then a lad of
little more than nine years, entered the West-
town school. Another pupil6 of that period writes
entertainingly of a poaching adventure that cost him
and his newly found friend a sound birching. Tak-
ing a page out of the squirrel's book, it was the
custom of the students of this school to hoard fruit
and nuts in boxes hidden away in the earth. For this

14 The Ornithology of Chester County

purpose the boy was engaged in filling his sack in
the school orchard, "out of bounds," when "Jack"
Townsend, his shirt bosom distended with apples;
crossed his path under the low branches of an apple
tree, and as he was about to direct the new boy
where the best fruit lay, he espied the broad-brim-
med hat of the teacher approaching along the hedge.
He writes of Townsend : Active in mind, ardent in
temperament, full of life and indefatigable in the
pursuit of an idea that once possessed his mind. I
have known him to watch for days a pair of birds
constructing their nest, and far more interested in
the operation than in the irksome study of an in-
doors lesson, although fully up to any one in his
class. It was at this early age that the incipient
ornithologist appeared.

Under the stimulus of some great works on Amer-
ican ornithology, some of our brightest students at-
tempted the study of the local birds and if the
second quarter of the nineteenth century failed of
being the golden period of ornithology in Chester
county, it was due to Quaker modesty.

John K., and his cousin, William P. Townsend,7
and perhaps one or two others, of West Chester;
were the first to form a nearly complete collection
of local birds in the county, and the former while
collecting for Dr. Ezra Michener at New Garden
in 1833, took the unique Townsend's Bunting. In
1826, the Chester County Cabinet of Science was
established in West Chester, and when the organi-
zation moved into their own building erected in
1836, it was entered in the minutes that "the

Physical Features and Habitats 15

Ornithological department has specimens of most
of the birds that make their home with us during
the spring and summer, as well as those that are
but transient visitors." This exhibit doubtless in-
cludes the Townsend collection, as well as those
personally collected and mounted by Philip P.
Sharpies,8 then lecturing in the building on chemis-
try and philosophy. No catalogue of this collection
appears, although it is still in part preserved in the
Normal School Library. John Cassin,9 short, thick-
set and genial; entered Westtown School from
Providence, Delaware county, in October, 1829, and
probably soon found place among the legion of
youthful egg collectors that flourished in the school
"in spite of all sumptuary laws and abolition";
though he later became one of the most bookish
of ornithologists.

In the spring of 1833, Dr. Thomas B. Wilson,10
the generous patron of the Philadelphia Academy of
Natural Sciences; bought a farm at New London,
where he summered and collected until 1841.

Benj. M. Everhart11 of West Chester, was an-
other of our pioneer naturalists, and though he
specialized in botany, he was interested in birds as
early as 1839 and for nearly half a century later.

William L. Baily12 of Philadelphia, who entered
Westtown School early in 1839, was a proficient
artist and taxidermist. He spent some of his sum-
mers in the vicinity of West Chester.

Lucius D. Price,13 of West Chester, was also
a close student of bird life, and H. B. Graves,14
also of West Chester until the last few years of his

1 6 The Ornithology of Chester County

life when he removed to Geiger's Mill, Berks county ;
a close friend of Everhart's and one of the few pro-
fessional taxidermists of his day in the State; has
several important county records resting on his
authority: the Gull-billed Tern, Great Gray Owl
and Bohemian Waxwing.

Major General George A. McCall,15 whose
ornithological work seems to have been confined al-
most wholly to the Southwest ; resided at his home
"Belair," West Goshen township, from 1855 to
1 86 1, and from 1863 until his death.

Prof. E. D. Cope16 was another Westtown schol-
ar, and it is said that after the age of thirteen, his
summer intervals of boarding school life and later of
tutoring were filled among the woods, fields and
streams of Chester county, where an intimate knowl-
edge of birds was added to that of batrachians, rep-
tiles and insects. I have a few highly prized bird
skins taken by him in 1858 and 1859 at London
Grove, Elk creek and elsewhere in Chester county.

J. W. Sharp17 of Bervvyn formed the nucleus of
a sportsmen's collection between 1858 and 1880.
It consisted largely of mounted specimens of the
Game birds and Raptores. My earliest recollection
was of this exhibit at "Hawthorn Farm." It con-
tained a number of species now unobtainable.

Willis P. Hazard18 moved to East Bradford in
1865 and living there continuously until 1904, when
his residence "Maple Knoll" was destroyed by fire.
?Ie was a student of ornithology although he seems
to have done little active field work. In the course
of his business as a bookman and publisher, he

Physical Features and Habitats 17

acquired much Wilsoniana of the highest value and
superintended the publication of the Porter & Coates
edition of Wilson, Ord and Bonaparte's American
Ornithology, in which he used Wilson's own copper
plates.

A Quakeress devotee to natural science and paint-
ing, Graceanna Lewis19 of "Sunnyside," Kimberton;
under the date of July I2th, 1868, published the
first part of a scientific treatise presented in popular
form ; said to contain a number of original obser-
vations, especially on eggs and four text figures rep-
resenting diagramatically the evolution and classi-
fication of birds, of which a considerably modified
system was proposed. This extremely rare paper is
dedicated to Prof Cassin. Apparently the pub-
lishers did not meet with sufficient encouragement
to warrant a continuation of the parts. I have not
seen it and am indebted to Dr. Richmond of the
Smithsonian Institution for a copy of the title20 and
a resume of the contents.

Sara Louisa Oberholtzer,21 poetess and a student
of birds, studied under Miss Lewis, perhaps.

The first county list was published in 1861 by
Vincent Barnard22 of London Grove, naturalist,
artisian and universal genius; from observations
probably begun about 1850. This list of 191
species, similar to most all early faunal lists, con-
tains very brief annotations, but appears to have
few errors in species. "Grus americanus Ord"
doubtless is a misidentification of the Grus specimen
secured by Michener. The Mississippi Kite, which
is understood to have been based upon a view of an

1 8 The Ornithology of Chester County

individual flying over on Oct. 20, 1852 ; is also prob-
ably erroneous, since the date is well within the
period when the Marsh Hawk frequents the county,
and as the author does not include the latter species
in his list, it is possible that he may have mistaken
it in the gray plumage of the male. Michener's
Warbler appears to have been an immature Con-
necticut Warbler, though there may be a reasonable
doubt since the type taken by Michener in Chester
county in the autumn of 1839, cannot be found.
Barnard's collection was purchased by the Swarth-
more College.

Dr. Ezra Michener"3 of "Sylvania," Avondale,
practitioner, poet and naturalist; was one of the
earliest of our local ornithologists, though he did
not publish his first list until two years after Bar-
nard. The material, however, he informs us later,
was collected mostly between the years of 1834 and
1840. He omits the water birds for want of space,
and one species, the Red-winged Blackbird, doubt-
less unintentionally. The list of 186 species is freely
annotated and while it contains some mistakes, rep-
resents by far the best efforts of the author. Red-
cockaded Woodpecker and Gray-cheeked Thrush are
probable errors since they do not appear in his later
list; while the Black Hawk, Mottled Owl, Mich-
ener's Warbler and Wood Wren appear identical
with well known species, as he suspects.

Dr. Michener made the following quaint record
on comparison of his own and Barnard's lists: "29th
of ist mo., 1861. — There have been discovered in
the County, to this time Two Hundred Species; and

Physical Features and Habitats 19

there are forty-five which may yet be discovered."

Professional taxidermists in the past have found
here a good field for collecting. C. D. Wood24 of
Philadelphia, secured at Coatesville, Townsend's
Warbler, the sole Eastern record. Harry Garrett25
collected about his home in Willistown township
for many years and his collection was purchased
by the Swarthmore College ; later he moved to West
Chester and probably helped Josiah Hoopes26 form
his splendid collection of North American land birds,
now in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia.

Thomas H(oopes) Jackson of West Chester,
penned the first authentic description of the nidifica-
tion of the Worm-eating Warbler in 1869, and he
has long been the leading authority on our breeding
Raptores and Wood Warblers. Among the oological
collectors of this period or earlier were E. J. Dar-
lington,27 Dr. W(illiam) L(ivingston) Hartman
and J. Hoopes Matlack,28 all of West Chester; also
B. A. Hoopes,29 of Philadelphia and Downingtown,
an ornithologist better known as the original de-
scriber of Krider's Hawk, named in honor of the
Philadelphia taxidermist30 so well known in Chester
county.

Samuel N(icholson) Rhoads wrote from the
Westtown School and C(harles) F(rederic) P (hil-
lips) in 1876, published notes on 21 species found
near Kennett Square; mostly breeding records of
more or less importance at that date. Dr. B(enja-
min) Harry Warren of West Chester, published a
complete list of 218 species in 1879-1880. Weeding

2O The Ornithology of Chester County

out all synonyms with the exception of Michener's
Warbler, he includes the species given by Barnard
and Michener; rejecting only the Gray-cheeked
Thrush, and perhaps unconsciously, the Pine Warb-
ler; 29 species only rest solely upon the authority
of his predecessors, of which 3 seem undoubtedly
erroneous as I have already shown. He has added
12 new species to the county, most of them with
more or less circumstantial annotations; the most
important being Leach's Petrel, the only record for
the State ; including, however, the White Gyrf alcon,
which is not recognized in his later publications;
likewise the Migratory Quail, which failed to be-
come established. Dr. Warren's continued activity
resulted in several subsequent additions, the most
notable being Audubon's Warbler, the second East-
ern record for this species.

Dr. Michener's second paper appeared in 1881,
long after he had transferred his attention to other
branches of natural history. This is a formal list
of names compiled from Barnard, Warren, his own
earlier list, manuscript of Harry Garrett and a few
undesignated species he thought ought to be found in
the county; the few annotations being in the form
of footnotes. Since he remarks that "the number
of species which have actually been found in our
county is about 220," and has actually recorded no
less than 232 species including two synonyms; all
species without satisfactory annotations and without
record elsewhere up to this time, must be considered
hypothetical; they are the Red-breasted Merganser,
Baldpate, Green-winged Teal, Pintail, Canvas-back,

EZRA MICHENER, M. D.

CHARLES J. PENNOCK

Physical Features and Habitats 21

Scaup Duck, Ring-necked Duck, American Golden-
eye, Old-squaw, Whistling Swan, Least Bittern,
Yellow Rail, Northern Phalarope, Dowitcher, Pec-
toral Sandpiper, Dunlin and Long-billed Curlew.
The White-winged Crossbill has apparently been
omitted inadvertantly. Michener is responsible for
the sole State records of the Greater Shearwater and
Sandhill Crane. His collection was deposited with
Swarthmore College and with those of Barnard and
Garrett, destroyed by fire.

About this time or somewhat later, Samuel B (ragg)
Ladd, Willard L(orraine) Maris, Joseph Parker
Norris, Jr., S(amuel) Edward Paschall, G. W. Rob-
erts,31 Robert P(ennell) Sharpies and Edward
Swayne, collected and reported from about West
Chester; M. P. Barnard,32 Asher Palmer and Wil-
liam M(arshall) Swayne, Jr., Kennett Square; Al-
fred P. Lee, Oxford ; Harry Wilson and George C.
Maule, Gum Tree; William B(arnard) Coates,
Parkesburg; Hugh E(xton) Stone and Witmer
Stone, Coatesville; Albian Garrett and W. S. Hall,33
Willistown ; Robert, Harry and William S. Everett,
Green Tree; A(nthony) Wayne Baugh, Paoli; F. L.
Burns, Grant Groff and Dr. W. E. Rotzell,34 Ber-
wyn, and Dr. William E. Hughes, Phoenixville ; a
number being keen oologists. A great deal of the
data and specimens from which J. Parker Norris,
Sr.,35 compiled his interesting description of series
of sets of eggs are of Chester county origin.

Dr. Warren's second list, including only those he
personally found breeding, is dated Aug. 27 (adden-
dum, Sept. 8), 1885, and totals 80 species. The

22 The Ornithology of Chester County

material to a large extent was obtained in the town-
ships of Willistown, Pocopson, Newlin, and those
bordering West Chester. With the assistance of
his friend, Benj. M. Everhart, he compiled a num-
ber of interesting local names. As the list was
prepared for a newspaper, the technical names were
omitted, though the species are checked with num-
bers to correspond to those used by Ridgway in his
Nomenclature of 1881, for the benefit of scientific
contemporaries.

C. J. Pennock30 of Kcnnett Square, in March,
1886, published his original list, which apparently
had a very limited circulation among ornithologists
and is now quite scarce. This paper is compiled
from the writer's own observations and the published
lists of his predecessors, and adds one new species
to the county: the Wood Ibis, taken by his uncle,
Vincent Barnard. In common with Michener, Pen-
nock appears especially concerned in the economic
value of the bird as revealed by its food habits, and
his oological inclination given expression in brief
notes on nidification. The list, though meritorious,
exhibits every evidence of haste and is unequal to
the high standard of his later papers. He has in-
cluded Michener's hypothetical species,37 the ques-
tionable Mississippi Kite, White Gyrfalcon and Red-
cockaded Woodpecker, of which there appears no
satisfactory record ; as well as several other species
without indicating that they had long since become
locally extinct; on the other hand the Black-throat-
ed Green Warbler has doubtless been omitted unin-
tentionally. The list embraces 236 species, of which

Physical Features and Habitats 23

215 species appear authentic. A revised edition with
new notes and observations on the nidification of
some half a dozen species, bringing it up to Decem-
ber ist, 1886; appeared early in the following year.
At the suggestion of the author, the publisher at-
tempted a rearrangement of the common and scien-
tific names to correspond with those recently adopted
by the American Ornithologists' Union. The result
was not altogether satisfactory ; for instance : Mareca
americana American Widgeon appeared as "Anas
penelope Widgeon," Sandhill Crane became "Lit-
tle Brown Crane," Spiza townsendi Townsend's
Bunting was interpreted as "Passerella iliaca una-
laschcensis Townsend's Sparrow," and Yellow Palm
Warbler appeared as "Palm Warbler."

Cyrus B. Ressel's list of 199 species was published
in 1889 and superficially bears the stamp of an exper-
ienced ornithological writer. Most of the observa-
tions appear to have been made in the vicinity of
Ercildoun, in the western part of the county, and
much of the data is from the collection of William
D. Doan of Coatesville. It is regrettable that the
ostensible author offered some extraordinary records
of the recent occurrence of the following species:
Red-breasted Merganser, European Widgeon,
Green-winged Teal, Pintail, Redhead, Scaup,
Whistling Swan, Snowy Egrit, Golden Eagle,
Hawk Owl, Red-shafted Flicker, Yellow-headed
Blackbird, Dickcissel. Blue Grosbeak, Bohemian
Waxwing, Prothonotary, Cerulean and Yellow-
throated Warblers; none of which can be accepted
without satisfactory verification. There also appear

24 The Ornithology of Chester County

a large number of unusual and several manifestly
impossible breeding records, including the American
Bittern, Great Blue Heron, Red-shouldered Hawk>
Barred Owl, Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Least Fly-
catcher, Lincoln's Sparrow, Rose-breasted Grosbeak,
Tree Swallow, Golden-winged, Nashville, Parula,
Blackburnian, Pine and Hooded Warblers, Water-
thrush, Redstart, Chickadee, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
and Wilson's Thrush ; according to competent crit-
ics, a most questionable list, especially so many rari-
ties to have fallen to the lot of a novice. Some years
later, I published some of the manuscript notes fur-
nished me by Wm. D. Doan, including disagree-
ments in dates and localities or disavowal in toto of
many of the more important records given in Res-
sel's list; also my final decision to reject all of this
unsatisfactory matter, especially as the Doan collec-
tion is no longer extant. It is refreshing to turn to
the work of Dr. Thos. H. Montgomery,38 Profes-
sor of Zoology in the University of Pennsylvania;
issued in 1897. It is one of our best local lists,
avoiding the larger and rather misleading title so
often given to personal and neighborhood lists. The
periods of observation were from 1885 until 1891,
and again renewed in 1895. The greater part of the
collecting was limited to a five mile radius of West
Chester, i. e. the higher ground of West White-
land, East and West Goshen townships, and along
the Brandywine in East Bradford township. All
the species listed were shot and identified by the
author, with the exception of a few taken by col-
lecting friends, and no species included unless the

Physical Features and Habitats 2$

author had seen it in the flesh. Dr. Montgomery
added two new species to the county: the Semipal-
mated Plover and Migrant Shrike, and also included
some other very interesting records. His specimens
are deposited in the Philadelphia Academy of Natur-
al Sciences.

Recently, Chreswell J(ohn) Hunt has written
something of the birds about Cupola, and he is our
sole informant from the Honeybrook and Welsh
mountain region.

With the new century came the era of the aesthe-
tics, for the most part non-collecting ornithologists.
Some of the observers may be recorded here : Caspar
G(reen) Burn, Oxford; C(harles) Aubrey Thomas,
Kennett Square; Willima B(acon) Evans, George
H(ervey) Hallett, Jr., Charles W(arner) Palmer
and Edith Smedley, Westtown; Mrs. Hugh P.
Brinton, John D(arlington) Carter, Sarah C(ole)
DeHaven, Dr. Clyde E(rnst) Ehinger, George
Forsythe, Isaac G(arrett) Roberts, William E(ly)
Roberts, Dr. S(amuel) C(hristian) Schmucker and
Francis Windle,39 West Chester; William Carter,
Lenape and Mendenhall; Dr. Howard Y(arnall)
Pennell, Downingtown; Guy L(ivingston) Eadie
and John B(oyd) Gill, Berwyn; Mildred Cornelius
and Henry Justice, Devon; and Edwin B(unting)
Bartram, Frazer and Strafford. In addition to the
above, William L(loyd) Baily, and, occasionally
recorded from Paoli; Dr. Spencer Trotter from
Cheyney, and a small coterie from Wayne, Dela-
ware county; Leonard S(now) Pierson, Alfred
C(larence) Redfield and Charles H(enry) Rogers,

26 The Ornithology of Chester County

accomplished good work in the vicinity of Berwyn.
In 1901, the writer of this sketch published a sec-
tional bird census, taken at Berwyn. This was the
first List from the eastern border and embraced only
the breeding birds ; it was followed by a similar one
in 1915, showing the slight changes in the number
of individuals in the same area over a period of years.

In consideration of the popular character of the
foregoing and for the sake of brevity, I have, where
ever possible, used the common English "book"
names of the species in preference to the scientific
or technical terms usually employed. In many in-
stances these names have been in use for a long time
in this section; also, not being subject to the laws of
priority, they are less liable to change, and all are
perfectly intelligible to the average English-speaking
ornithologist. Many of the names have the addi-
tional merit of perpetuating the vernacular of our
Colonial forefathers, to whom the appellation con-
veyed some real or fancied characteristic of the
species, and they are altogether most expressive both
in prose and poetry.

The ornithological literature of the county is
large, I regret that it is not feasible to include a
complete bibliography; but reference to the more
important contributions appear in the annotated
catalogue of species. I am indebted tcr the follow-
ing persons for biographical notes or portraits: W.
L. Baily, Gilbert Cope, Ruthven Deane, Watson W.
Dewees, Wm. B. Evans, J. Comly Hall, Prof. J.
W. Harshberger, Rev. W. H. Hazard, Mrs. Ber-
nard A. Hoopes, J. P. Norris, Jr., Chas. W. Palmer,

Physical Features and Habitats 27

Mrs. C. J. Pennock, Miss Josephine Pennock, C.

B. Ressel, Dr. C. W. Richmond, Alfred D. Sharp-
ies, Robert P. Sharpies, Jefferson Shaner, Dr. Wit-
mer Stone, Wm. M. Swayne, Jr., Dr. B. H. War-
ren, Ezra Webster and M. B. Worth; for ornith-
ological notes and comments: Mrs. H. P. Brinton,

C. G. Burn, J. D. Carter, Miss Sarah C. DeHaven,
J. B. Gill, Dr. W. L. Hartman, C. J. Hunt, Thos.
H. Jackson, A. C. Redfield, Isaac G. Roberts, Robt.
P. Sharpies, Dr. Witmer Stone, C. A. Thomas, Dr.
B. H. Warren, Harry Wilson and others.

My own observations began in the summer of
1 884, have continued without a break of more than a
few months at a time, up to the present, and extends
over the eastern and northeastern parts of the county,
with short visits to the south-central and extreme
west. My migration records began in the spring of
1 885 with a few common migrants, have now reach-
ed the thirty-third year, and I am informed that it is
the only continuous record for this period in Eastern
Pennsylvania. However, sometimes during the most
critical time of bird migration, the period of
my observation may have been limited to the brief
time of going to and returning from my work. I
have therefore reserved the right to eliminate a few
of my records which according to my judgment are
not representative of the true period of arrival or
departure; and it was probably with this in mind
that prompted the late Prof. W. W. Cooke to write
me a short time before his death, urging the publica-
tion of my averages and extreme dates. Also the
long-term averages taken independently so near

28 The Ornithology of Chester County

Philadelphia, may prove interesting in comparison
with the valuable combination averages by Dr. Stone
for the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club.

I have been at some disadvantage in working
alone, especially when unable to make frequent visits
to the habitats of extremely local species, but on
the other hand the percentage of error may possibly
be less than where several observers of less experi-
ence work a neighborhood. My experience in horizon
and census work has taught me something of com-
parative abundance and I believe my averages for
bulk arrival and departure to be of greater value and
more nearly correct than the averages of first arrival
and last seen ; especially taking in consideration the
utter impossibility of always distinguishing the bona
fide first arrival from the occasional holdover.

Migration at Berwyn is seldom as well marked as
in many other sections of the county; especially the
vernal flight, when many of the smaller local land
birds appear tardily via the Darby creek, and others
pass in a northeasterly direction. The visible au-
tumnal movement is more direct and attended with
greater numbers; the usual route southwesterly, the
day fliers : Killdeer, Dove, Hawks, Blue Jay, Grack-
les, Blackbirds, Swallows and Robin; the Canada
Goose and Nighthawk, by day or night, and the
Sandpiper by night. It is only occasional that a
great movement is detected in the nightfliers, like
that of September 24th, 1916, when the sky was
partly overcast, the clouds thin and low, with mod-
erate west wind ; the air appeared alive with whis-
pering voices of the small migrants at no great
height, from dusk to late at night.

PART II

ANNOTATED LIST

1. Colymbus holbcelli Holbcell's Grebe. Rare
winter visitant, apparently included by Barnard and
Pennock upon personal observation. I have record
of a flock of six observed on Valley Forge dam, Feb.
10, 1903, and there are two recent records at Ken-
nett Square, Feb. 9, 1904, and Feb. 15, 1912, the
last a capture (Pennock, Cassinia, viii, 54; xvi, 44).

2. Colymbus auritus Horned Grebe. Rather rare
transient visitant, though listed by all but Mont-
gomery. Mar. 29-Apr. 20. I have a female (No.
580, coll. F. L. B.) found dead under the telegraph
wires at Paoli, Apr. 20, 1896 (Wilson Bulletin, No.
8, 6). The additional records that have come to my
notice are: Westtown, Mar. 29, 1911, by G. H.
Hallett, and Apr. 5, 1913, by Emily M. Webster;
Kennett Square, Apr. 16, 1914, by C. A. Thomas
(Cass., xv, 53; xvii, 40; xviii, 50). There are no
spring dates.

3. Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed Grebe, "dab-
chick," "dipper," "hell diver," "little diver." Not
very common transient, most frequent in spring.
Apr. 7 (1911) -May 2 (1915) ; Ave. 4 years, Apr.
12. Two fall records are available both at Berwyn,
Sept. 25, 1902, and Aug. 27, 1913. In Highland
Twp. it is sometimes found in winter. A living
specimen was taken from a flock of five or six on
Buck run, in December, 1902 (Wilson MS.).

29

3O The Ornithology of Chester County

4. Gavia imrner fxjon, "big diver," "great north-
ern diver." Not common transient visitant, though
it appears on all our county lists. Migration dates :
Apr. 26 (191 5) -May 30 (1909) and again Nov.
14 (1908) -Nov. 25 (1909). A flock appeared in
the Chester valley on Nov. 14, 1908, during a N.

E. snowstorm, and a pair secured from a small dam
on the Chesterbrook farm (Nos. 934 and 935, coll.

F. L. B.) ; another female lingered on a pond a
mile further up the Valley creek until Dec. 10, when
it was found dead and in an emaciated condition
(Burns, Wils. Bull., 65, 215, and 66, 18). Under
similiar circumstances another catastrophe occurred
Nov. 25, 1909; two birds were shot at Paoli, two
at Lenape and one seen on a pond near Westtown
(Redfield, Ibid., 70, 56).

5. Gavia stellata Red- throated Loon. Straggler.
A female (No. 988, coll. F. L. B.) shot on Trotter's
dam, near Berwyn, Nov. 15, 1911; is the sole
county record (Burns, Auk, xxxii, 1915, 225).

6. Larus argentatus Herring Gull, "gull," "sea-
bird." Rare transient and winter visitant. The
following are all the records known to me : Central
Chester Co., five noticed flying high overhead, even-
ing of May n, 1890 (Stcne, Birds E. Pa. and N.
J., 43) ; Berwyn, flock of sixteen going west at noon,
Feb. 19, 1902, and Valley Forge, a single one on the
Schuylkill, Jan. 6, 1903 (Burns MS.) ; and Ber-
wyn, two on Apr. I, 1908 (Redfield, Cass. xii, 53).

7. Larus delawiircnsis Ring-billed Gull. During
a severe storm from the west, Mar. 28, 1911, a crip-
pled straggler was captured on Greystone farm, East

B. HARRY WARREN, M. D.

THOMAS H. JACKSON

Annotated List 31

Goshen Twp. The skin was mounted and placed in
Greystone hall (Sharpies MS.).

8. Larus Philadelphia Bonaparte's Gull. Strag-
gler. Barnard lists it as very rare, and Warren
states that two or three specimens have been taken
along the Brandy wine.

9. Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern. Strag-
gler. H. B. Graves killed a specimen in autumn
(Warren, Birds Pa., 231).

10. Sterna caspia Caspian Tern. Straggler. A
male and female blown inland by three days of storm
,\rere shot Sept. 28, 1912, at Lenape park on the
Brandywine, near West Chester, and are now in
the possession of Lewis Darlington (Sharpies, Auk,
xxx, 1913, 105).

11. Sterna hirundo Common Tern. Straggler.
According to Dr. Warren, C. D. Wood has pre-
pared specimens taken in the county, and that it has
been captured while migrating in autumn. I may
also state that Dr. Montgomery saw an individual
of a small species of this genus (perhaps S. hirundo)
shot on the Brandywine near Lenape, in the late
summer of 1887, but owing to the rapid decomposi-
tion of the specimen, he was unable to fully identify
the species.

12 Sterna antillarum Least Tern. Straggler. Dr.
Warren states that he has seen it taken during the
past ten years, in August and September (Bds. Pa.,
1890, 22).

13. Sterna fuscata Sooty Tern. Straggler. Bar-
nard records it as very rare and it is presumed that
he made a capture. In the spring of 1878, a speci-

32 The Ornithology of Chester County

men found dead in a field, was presented to Dr.
Warren; and this, with a later capture, remain in
his collection.

14. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis Black
Tern. Straggler. Two specimens, male and fe-
male, were taken by Titus Bennett, of West Ches-
ter, in the fall previous to 1879; and this pair, with
another collected in the spring; are in the collec-
tion of Dr. Warren. Another was killed in the
fall two or three years ago (Warren MS.).

15. Puffinus gravis Greater Shearwater. Strag-
gler. This powerful bird, despite its strength and
endurance of wing, was storm-stranded within our
borders and perished during a severe storm of wind,
rain and sleet (Michener, Hist. Chester Co., Pa.,
1 88 1, 445). Sole State record.

1 6. Oceanodroma leucorhoa Leach's Petrel. Strag-
gler. A specimen was presented to Dr. Warren in
September, 1879, by the late Dr. George Martin of
West Chester, who had found it in his yard in an
exhausted and dying condition (Bds. Pa., 1890, 27).
Sole State record.

17. Mergus americanus Merganser, "fish duck,"
"sawbill." Rare winter visitant and occurs oc-
casionally as a transient. Listed by Barnard, War-
ren, Michener and Pennock. A flock of seven
attempted to winter, 1910-1911, at the Valley Forge
dam; but were reduced to three by Jan. 12, and
a dead and water soaked female was found Jan. 15
(No. 982, coll. F. L. B.). It is also recorded by
Mrs. H. P. Brinton, West Chester, Mar. 18, 1914
(Cass., xviii, 51).

Annotated List 33

1 8. Laphodytes cucullatus Hooded Merganser,
"fish duck," "hairyhead," "sawbill." In Barnard's
time this species was found frequently, but it is now
a rather rare transient, or possibly winter visitant.
Dr. Warren has the following records: Nov. 23,
1881; Apr. 3, 1884; Mar. 26, 1887; June 23,
1890 (Bds. Pa., 1890, 35). Three specimens were
shot at Cupola, Dec. 12, 1913, and two brought to
me but I failed to preserve them.

19. Anas platyrhynchos Mallard, "greenhead,"
"wild duck." A not common transient, but has
recently been successfully introduced in the Chester
valley as a resident. In Audubon's time it bred in
the beautiful meadows that here and there border
the Schuylkill (Orn. Biog.). Dr. Warren states
that it has been taken by H. B. Graves, and Pen-
nock considered it as not very common. In the
vicinity of Berwyn, in Chester valley; three were
seen Apr. 13-15, 1900, and about 100 in flocks, Mar.
I, 1902. This species was introduced on the East
Valley creek seven or eight years ago by Richard
Houghton; the eggs coming from Chincoteage is-
land, Md., and now breeds freely for miles up and
down the creek, in April and May.

20. Anas rubripes tristis Black Duck, "black mal-
lard," "dusky duck," "wild duck." Not common
transient and rare resident. It is listed by Barnard,
Michener, Warren and Pennock. A flock of six
was seen near Berwyn, in the Chester valley, Nov.
14, 1893. About 1907 there were reports of it being
found resident along the East Valley creek, and
in the spring a hybrid family of five was raised on a

34 The Ornithology of Chester County

little island in a millpond. A year or two later, the
species was introduced on an adjacent farm, but
were speedially absorbed by the Mallard. It has
however, been recently seen during the breeding
season on the Schuylkill, above Valley Forge.

21. Chanlelasmus streperus Gad well. Straggler.
Kennett Square, Dec. 26, 1912, an individual was
flushed from a millrace and positively identified at
a distance of ten feet by C. J. Pennock and C. A.
Thomas (Thomas MS.,).

22. Mareca americana Baldpate. An example
was shot on the Henry T. Coates dam at Berwyn,
about June 20, 1889, and presented to J. W. Sharp.
A rare straggler.

23. Querquedula discors Blue-winged Teal. Rare
transient. Dr. Montgomery shot an adult and saw
another on the Brandy wine near Lenape, Aug. 8,
1889 ; and one was shot on Campbell's dam, Berwyn,
Oct. 15, 1909, by N. C. Cass.

24. Spatula clypeata Shoveller. Straggler. Given
by Barnard, Warren and Michener as rare. I have
not met with it.

25. Dafila acuta Pintail. Straggler. Included on
the authority of T. H. Jackson, who has a distinct
recollection of being offered a freshly killed speci-
men by a local gunner, who had shot it on the
Brandywine. This was in the early '905. Michener
includes it in his later list without comment.

26. Aix sponsa Wood Duck, "acorn duck," "sum-
mer duck," "wild duck." Rare summer resident and
transient. Formerly frequent, according to Barnard.
Pennock found it rather common on migrations and

Annotated List 35

stated that two broods of young were found in 1886.
A pair raised a brood at Strode's mill dam, near
West Chester, a few years ago, and S. B. Ladd had
a set of eggs collected for him on the West branch
of the Brandywine some years since (Sharpies MS.).
Wilson writes that pairs are to be round along the
unfrequented portions of the Octoraro and occasion-
ally along Buck and Doe run. He mounted a speci-
men Mar. 30, 1898, shot at Glenville dam, W.
Fallowfield Twp. In the vicinity of Berwyn, a
pair nested along the Valley creek and three of the
young were bagged by a local hunter, Nov. 3, 1891 ;
another pair frequented a dam at the head of the
Darby creek during the summers of 1909-1910,
doubtless nesting in the willows, since the young
were seen, and some of the birds shot in the fall.
The most recent capture is by C. A. Thomas, Ken-
nett Square, Nov. 14, 1914 (Cass., xviii, 51).

27. Marila americana Redhead. Straggler. Some
thirty years ago, Warren came upon a flock of
thirteen near Deborah's rock, along the Brandywine,
and secured two (Bds. Pa., 1890, 42).

28. Marila valisineria Canvas-back. Straggler.
Stray individuals, probably lost from flocks migrat-
ing in October and November, have been shot by
hunters on the Octoraro, Buck run and the west
branch of the Brandywine (Wilson MS.).

29. Marila affinis Lesser Scaup, "scaup," "little
blackhead." Transient. Barnard and Warren give
it as rare, while Pennock states that it is rather
common on small streams and ponds in small flocks
in spring and fall. We have but one recent definite

36 The Ornithology of Chester County

record; West Chester, Apr. 5-6, 1914, by I. G.
Roberts (Cass., xviii, 51).

30. Clangula clangula americana Golden-eye.
Straggler. I observed a flock of ten at Valley Forge,
Feb. 12, 1898.

31. Charitonetta albcola Buffle-head, "butter-
ball." Transient visitant. Not common, accord-
ing to Barnard and Warren; while Pennock states
that it is frequently met with when migrating.

32. Erismatura jamaicensis Ruddy Duck. Uncom-
mon transient. Barnard considered this species rare
and Warren frequent. Pennock states that he knew
of several instances of its capture, and Montgomery
shot an adult female, Mar. 15, 1890, in a marsh
near Lenape, along the Brandywine. There are
three later records, all taken at Kennett Square, Apr.
IO, 1906, by Pennock, and Apr. 30 and Oct. 23,
I9I5> by Thomas.

33. Branta canadensis canadensis Canada Goose,
"wild goose." Common transient, seldom coming to
earth within our limits. On Nov. 25, 1895, a flock
of 100 or more individuals confused in a fog, came
down on a hill north of Berwyn, but eventually split
into three sections and later several were shot on the
west branch of the Brandywine (Wils. Bull., No.
7, 3). On Oct. 1 6, 1910, a flock of 53 was flushed
from the Valley Forge dam by a gunner in a boat;
one bird was disabled by flying against the guy wire
to a stack, two shot two or three miles up the Val-
ley creek, and the survivors spent the night on the
meadows.

Berwyn migration records:

Annotated List 37

First spring Feb. 18 (1901) -Mar. 20 (1886).
Ave. 10 yrs. Mar. u.

Last spring Mar. n (1901) -Apr. 17 (1913)-
Ave. 10 yrs. Apr. 4.

First fall Oct. 10 (1905) -Oct. 29 (1909). Ave.

7 yrs. Oct. 22.

Last fall Oct. 17 (i9io)-Dec. 15 (1891). Ave.
17 yrs. Nov. 13.

34. Mycteria americana Wood Ibis. A straggler
from the south. According to Tennock, a specimen
was taken by the late Vincent Barnard since the
publication of his list in 1861.

35. Botaurus leuttgtnosus Bittern, "Indian hen,"
"mud hen." Scarcely common as a transient, Apr.
u (1880) -Apr. 26 (1880); Aug. 3 (1887) -Dec.

8 ( 1 889 ) ; and rare as a summer resident. Mont-
gomery closely observed one in May, 1895, and
Pennock states that specimens have been shot
throughout the summer months. A specimen said
to have been taken from a nest and three eggs among
the tussocks of Doe run, was brought in to be mount-
ed on May i, 1897 (Wilson MS.).

36. Ixobrychus exilis Least Bittern. Rare sum-
mer resident. Dr. Warren records a specimen taken
May 20, 1884 (Bds. Pa., 19), and W. L. Baily
observed one at Paoli, May n, 1914 (Cass., xviii,
52). The only breeding record is by L. S. Pierson
and A. C. Redfield, June 12, 1909; a nest and
four eggs in a cat-tail swamp at the head of Darby
creek, near Berwyn (Auk, xxvi, 426), and I had the
pleasure in verifying the record to my own satis-
faction the next day, as well as later visits to observe

38 The Ornithology of Chester County

the young. The birds were last seen on Aug. 3.
No search was made on the following year, but an
adult was seen July 3, and it doubtless was breed-
ing.

37. Ardea herodias herodias Great Blue Heron,
"big kingfisher," "big blue crane," "big crane," "big
blue shitepoke," "blue crane," "brother Jonathan,"
"crane," "fish crane," "frog eater," "giant heron,"
"great big fly-up-the-creek." An irregularly com-
mon transient and an occasional, solitary, non-breed-
ing summer resident. Earliest date of arrival, Mar.
31 (1900), and latest date of departure, Nov. 18
(1912), in the vicinity of Berwyn. Montgomery
noticed a pair during two summers in East Brad-
ford Twp. It has been frequently seen along Buck
run during the breeding season, and may have
nested, though but a single male has been taken in
perfect nuptial plumage (Wilson MS.).

38. Herodias egretta Egret, "white crane." Strag-
gler from the south. Barnard states that it is sel-
dom found. Warren notes a capture in July, 1881
(Bds. Pa., 1890, 60). One was reported shot out
of a flock of seven, near Kennett Square, July 10,
1902, by C. J. Pennock (Cass., vi, 16), and a male
(No. 771, coll. F. L. B.) was taken along Darby
creek near Berwyn, July 26, 1902 (Wils. Bull., 40,
109). Another was observed on the Brandywine,
near West Chester, for two weeks during the sum-
mer of 1911, by Mrs. H. P. Brinton, and probably
the same one was seen near Sugar's bridge, July 26,
same year, by Miss S. C. DeHaven (Cass., xvi, 45).

39. Egretta candidissima Snowy Egret, Straggler

Annotated List 39

from the south. Admitted on the authority of War-
ren and Pennock.

40. Florida carula Little Blue Heron, "egret,"
"little white crane," "white crane." Straggler from
the south. An immature female (No. 728, coll.
F. L. B.) taken Aug. 4, 1901, on Crum creek, Paoli
barrens; appears to be the first county record (Wils.
Bull., 36, 72). During the late summer of 1902,
there appears to have been a notable influx of this
species: Red Clay creek, near Kennett Square, one
was shot from a flock, during the latter part of
July, and examined by C. J. Pennock; Brandywine
creek, near Lenape, one was seen on Aug. 3, and
two afterward shot, according to J. D. Carter;
Westtown, one seen with a broken leg Aug. 13,
three seen Aug. 14, and two on Aug. 15, by George
Forsythe; Cupola, one was shot on the upper
Brandywine, Aug. 28, and given to C. J. Hunt, and
W. B. Harvey reported it at West Grove, along the
White Clay creek. All specimens appear to have
been in the white phase (Evans, Cass., vi, 18-20).
An immature female was brought in from Buck
run, East Fallowfield Twp., in July to be mounted
(Wilson MS.).

41. Butorides virescens virescens Green Heron,
"chalk-line," "fly-up-the-creek," "little crane,"
"mudpoke," "poke," "shitepoke." Locally a com-
mon summer resident. Arrives in the vicinity of
West Grove, Mar. 10 to 18 (Barnard) ; West Ches-
ter, Mar. 27 to Apr. 12 (Warren) ; and Berwyn
vicinity, Apr. 9 to May 9. It usually departs early
in September, but is occasionally seen as late as

40 The Ornithology of Chester County

October 10.

42. Nycticorax nyticorax nycticorax Black-crown-
ed Night Heron, "crane," "Indian hen," "mudhen,"
"mudpoke," "night heron," "qua-bird," "squawk."
Common summer resident, extremely local as a
breeder. Barnard considered it rare in his neigh-
borhood, and Montgomery never met with it in the
vicinity of West Chester. I have found it rather
common along the Octoraro below Atglen, and
Harry Wilson reports it probably nesting along
Buck run in East Fallowfield Twp., but I believe
that these birds are all from the Lancaster county
colonies. There is a large herony in the eastern
part of the Chester valley, in Tredyffrin Twp.
(Burns, Bird-Lore, xix, 197). Nidification begins
soon after arrival, average date for complete set,
May 10. Thomas notes its arrival at Kennett
Square, Apr. 12 (1908) — Apr. 22 (1915), and it
doubtless averages several days earlier at its breed-
ing grounds than I am able to offer for Berwyn
vicinity :

Arrival — Apr. 15 (1917) — Apr. 30 (1906) ; ave.
7 yrs. Apr. 20.

Departure — Oct. 6 (1911) — Nov. 6 (1893);
ave. 3 yrs. Oct. 23.

43. Nycticorax violacens Yellow-crowned Night
Heron. Rare summer resident. On May 14, 1915,
I found it present and evidently nesting in the
local colony of N.n.nycticorax. An individual, prob-
ably not always the same one; was observed circling
just above the tree tops on three occasions, and I had
a view of it through the glass while it perched close

Photo by A. C. Redfield

BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON NEST AND EGGS

Photo by T. H. Jackson

NIGHTHAWK EGGS IN SITU

Annotated List 41

to a nest, though it seemed more wary than the
common, lighter species. Unfortunately, on May
28, the date of my next visit; I found that this
outlying part of the herony had been raided by the
Crows and N.violacens no longer present. This is
the first record for Chester county and the third
for Pennsylvania, all of which come from the lower
Schuylkill river region.40

44. Grus mexicanus Sandhill Crane. Straggler.
About 1 840, a flock of four or five individuals mov-
ing northward, occurred along the west branch of
the White Clay creek; one was shot and presented
to Dr. Ezra Michener, who preserved and kept it
in his collection for many years; later it came into
the collection of the Swarthmore college, where it
was lost when the building was burned. At the
time of this capture, most American ornithologists
recognized with certainty but a single species — Grus
americanus the White or Whooping Crane; and
Barnard so listed it, doubtless with the full approval
of his friend Michener. The latter however in his
complete list some twenty years later, gives it as
"Grus canadensis Sandhill Crane." Michener's re-
marks convinces one of his comparison and elimina-
tion of G .americanus , and since he followed closely
the nomenclature and classification of Baird, it seems
improbable that he should have overlooked the
" G .fraterculus" of Cassin which refers to the Little
Brown Crane rather than G. canadensis (Baird,
Birds, 1858, 655) which in this instance is a
synonym of G.mexicanus. Dr. Michener appears
to have been an accomplished and conscientious

42 The Ornithology of Chester County

ornithologist, and this record should have its proper
place on the State lists.41

45. Rallus elegans King Rail, Rather uncommon
transient, and rare summer resident. According
to Dr. Stone it has been found breeding along the
Brandywine at Pocopson (Bds. E. Pa. and N. J.,
95). An adult female (No. 849, coll. F. L. B.)
with several partly developed eggs in the ovaries,
taken at Fetter's mill, near Howeltown, May 4,
1905; would probably have nested (Wils. Bull.,
58, 32). Dr. Warren has obtained several speci-
mens, mostly in August and September (Bds. Pa.,
1 890, 68 ) , and one was caught by a cat at Kennett
Square, Apr. 14, 1906 (Pennock, Cass., x, 48).

46. Rallus virginianm Virginia Rail, "rail bird."
A rather rare transient and somewhat local summer
resident. There are not many migration records:
Nov. 7, 1879, and May 13, 1880, presumably near
West Chester, by Dr. Warren; and Berwyn vicin-
ity, Sept. 20, 1890 and Sept. 9, 1908; all captures.
Pennock states that two nests were taken in swamps
near streams, Kennett Square; one about 1878 by
Asher Palmer, and the other was taken by Charles
Miller. Five sets were taken in 1886, including sets by
Ladd and Pennock ( Oologist, iii, 40 and 46 ) ; a set
of 9 eggs by Jackson on June 2, and a set of 1 1 eggs
was found on the same date by another collector
(Orn, and Ool., xii, 25). I found a recently deserted
nest and heard the grunting notes of the owner, June
14, 1916, in a swamp at the head of Darby creek,
Berwyn, where several birds had been taken by
gunners on previous seasons. Careful search in fav-

Annotated List 43

orable localities may reveal it nesting regularly.

47. Rallus crepitans crepitans Clapper Rail.
Straggler. Kennett Square, Apr. 28, 1908 (Pen-
nock MS., communicated by C. A. Thomas).

48. Prozana Carolina Sora, "rail," "rail bird,"
"sora." An uncommon transient and rare summer
resident. Dr. Warren has taken specimens May 3,
1882; July 20 and Aug. 12, 1884, and states that
it has been found breeding along the Brandywine
(Bds. Pa., 1890, 71). My Berwyn records are
Sept. 5, 1901; Aug. 29 and Sept. 5, 1904; Oct.
16, 1909.

49. Gallinula galeata Florida Gallinule, "blue
rail," "wild hen." Rare transient visitant. Bar-
nard considered it accidental and Pennock as not
common. Warren took a specimen May n, 1879
(Bds. Pa. 31 ). A fine specimen of this graceful and
pugnaceous bird became dazed by an automobile
headlight on the evening of May 4, 1916, was cap-
tures by E. L. Burnhsm and brought to me to be
banded and released. This appears to be the only
recent record.

50. Fulica americana Coot, "blue Peter." Not
common transient. Warren mentions having exam-
ined six specimens taken in the county, but gives no
dates. For the vicinity of Berwyn I have two spring
records: Apr. 19 and 25, 1903; and three autumnal
captures: Nov. I, 1905; Oct. 9, 1907 (three others
seen) ; and Oct. 16, 1909 (Nos. 875, 908 and
956, coll. F. L. B.).

^51. Scolopax rusticola European Woodcock.
Straggler. According to Dr. Warren, David M.

44 The Ornithology of Chester County

McFarland killed a large female on the "barrens,"
East Nottingham Twp., in the early part of Novem-
ber, 1886 (Bds. Pa., 1890, 78).

52. Philohela minor Woodcock, "bog sucker,"
"mud snipe," "woodcock," "wood snipe." Not com-
mon transient and rare summer resident; formerly
abundant and occasionally taken in mild winters. A
nest and four eggs was found at Paoli, Apr. 17,
1904, by W. D. Carpenter (Baily, Cass., viii, 64).
Barnard gives the spring arrivals as March 10 to 18.
The Berwyn migration records as follows:

Arrival Mar. 14 (1885)— Apr. 8 (1891), ave.
5 yrs. Mar. 29.

Departure Nov. 3 (1896) — Nov. 29 (1904),
ave. ii yrs. Nov. 17.

53. Gallinago delicata Wilson's Snipe, "English
snipe," "jack snipe," "gray snipe," "robin snipe." A
somewhat irregular but not uncommon transient.
Dr. Warren states that crippled individuals have
been shot near West Chester in summer, also occa-
sionally during warm spells in December and Janu-
ary (Bds. Pa., 1890, 81). I have compiled the
following from all available notes on spring arrival
and departure, also fall departure:

Mar. 1 6 (1908) — Mar. 25 (1905) ; ave. 6 yrs.
Mar. 20.

Apr. i (1884) — May 11 (1905); ave. 8 yrs.
Apr. 15.

Nov. i (1896-1913) — Nov. 23 (1889); ave. 4
yrs., Nov. 7.

54. Pisobia minatilla Least Sandpiper, "peep."
Transient. Warren and Pennock consider it com-

Annotated List 45

mon. The former states that an acquaintance found
a flock of probably 100 feeding on the muddy bot-
tom of an emptied mill dam near West Chester, in
the latter part of August, about 1882 (Bds. Pa.,
36). Wilson finds it common in Highland Twp.
in March and September, often in flocks of ten to
fifty. A mounted specimen taken in August, 1884,
is in his collection. It has recently been reported
by G. H. Hallett, Jr., May 13, Brinton's dam, and
May 22, 1911, Westtown (Cass. xv, 43).

55. Ereunetes pusillus Semipalmated Sandpiper,
"peep." Rare transient. Wilson gives it as a com-
mon migrant in Highland Twp., during decade
1880-1890.

56. Totanus melanoleucus Greater Yellowlegs.
Rare transient. Given by Barnard and Michener.
There are two recent migration records, both by
I. G. Roberts, of West Chester: Apr. 24, 1911, and
May 17, 1914 (Cass., xv, 55, and xviii, 53).

57. Totanus flavipes Yellow-legs. Rare transi-
ent. Dr. Michener considered it frequent, and Dr.
Warren has recorded the following captures; Apr.
30 and May 7, 1879; Oct. 10 (4 specimens),
1880; Aug. 30, 1882. (Bds. Pa., 38).

58. Helodromas solitarius solitarius Solitary
Sandpiper, "tiltup," "wood peep." Regular trans-
ient. Dr. Montgomery has often found it in flocks
of considerable size in the spring, and has shot one
and seen others in the summer. The data for spring
and fall arrival, however, is all too scanty:

May 5 (1880) — May 14 (1883); ave. 7 yrs.
May n.

46 The Ornithology of Chester County

Aug. 8 (1906) — Sept. 21 (1883); ave. 4 yrs.
Aug. 29.

59. Symphemia semipalmatus semipalmatus Wil-
let. Straggler. Dr. Warren has a specimen, killed
by flying against a telegraph wire along the Brandy-
wine, August, 1887 (Bds. Pa., 1890, 92).

60. Bartramia longicauda Upland Plover, "Bart-
ram's plover," "grass plover," "field plover," "up-
land plover." Rather rare summer resident, former-
ly common. Dr. Montgomery found it rather com-
mon in the higher parts of West Goshen Twp., but
never met with it elsewhere. It has recently been
found nesting at Westtown, Malvern, Paoli, and in
the Chester valley opposite Berwyn. Arrival and
departure from all sources are as follows:

Apr. 18 (1907) — May 18 (1902); ave. 10 yrs.
May 2.

Aug. 8 (1906) — Sept. 20 (1880); ave. 4 yrs.
Aug. 27.

61. Actitis macularia Spotted Sandpiper, ''peep,"
"pee-weet," "pen-wipe," "sand snipe," "tilt," "tilt-
tail," "tilt-up." Tolerable common summer resi-
dent, mainly about ponds and the larger streams.
Nesting date: Valley Forge, June 19, 1895; four
eggs. The following are my Berwyn vicinity rec-
ords on arrival and departure:

Apr. 14 (1898) — May 14 (1899); ave. 10 yrs.
May 2.

Sept. ii (1896) — Sept. 27 (1895); ave. 2 yrs.
Sept. 19.

62. Squatarola squatarola Black-bellied Plover,
"bullhead." Rare transient. Listed by Barnard and

Annotated List 47

Michener, the latter, influenced by Audubon's erron-
eous statement, classes it as a summer resident. Dr,
Warren has taken two specimens (Bds. Pa., 1890,
97).

63. Charadrius dominions dominions Golden
Plover, "bullhead," "field plover." Rare, formerly
irregularly abundant autumnal transient. I have
heard old gunners speak of the abundance of this
species about 1860 in the Chester valley during
wheat sowing time. Dr. Warren writes of the
largest recent flight in September and October,
1880; when flocks of from 50 to 100 were quite
plentiful about the plowed fields in the neighborhood
of West Chester (Bds. Pa., 44) ; and also mentions
four specimens preserved, taken in West Goshen
Twp. in September, and one in Birmingham Twp.,
Oct. 3, 1880 (Ibid. 45).

64. Oxyechus vociferus Killdeer, "killdee," "kill-
deer," "meadow plover," "plover." Common sum-
mer resident, occasional resident. A solitary in-
dividual was seen on Jan. 14, 1889, probably winter-
ing in the vicinity. Nesting data: Chester Valley,
May 27, 1886; three eggs. The Berwyn data on
arrival and departure follows:

Feb. 17 (1890)— Apr. 6 (1898); ave. 32 yrs.
Mar. 14.

Oct. 4 (1904)— Nov. 22 (1886); ave. 20 yrs.
Oct. 31.

65. JEgialitis semipalmata Semipalmated Plover.
Straggler. Dr. Montgomery shot two adults in
West Goshen Twp., Sept. 12, 1888; the only
specimens taken in the county.

48 The Ornithology of Chester County

66. Colinus virginianus virginianus Bobwhite,
"partridge," "patridge," "quail." Tolerable com-
mon resident in some localities, formerly abundant.
I am told that prior to 1860, it was not uncommon
for two expert sportsmen to kill as high as sixty
birds in an afternoon, in this locality. There is
now only a trace of the fine local strain, and the
introduced stock being from the south or west is
only a temporary success, the exodus begins in a
short time.

67. Bonasa umbellus umbellus Ruffed Grouse,
"pheasant." Rare resident. The wooded hills on
either side of the Chester valley were famous hunt-
ing grounds for this king of game birds up to about
1880. I have a specimen (No. 160, coll. F. L. B.)
taken Nov. 23, 1889, almost the last individual of
this once abundant species at Berwyn. Ladd took
a set of 12 eggs, May 9, 1886 (Ool., iii, 40).

68. Tympanuchus cupido Heath Hen, "barren
hen." Dr. Michener lists it as a former resident,
now become extinct. Tradition would have us be-
lieve that it inhabited the greenbrier thickets, scrub
oak groves and sterile sedge fields of the barrens in
early Colonial times and as there are ample proof
that it existed in very similar situation in the Pocono
region ; I am inclined to give it full credence.

69. Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Wild Turkey.
Former resident, now extinct. A few may have
existed in some parts of the county, especially the
Welsh mountain district; as late as 1830 or even
somewhat later, since it is listed by Barnard and
Michener; but it had disappeared from the culti-

Annotated List 49

vated districts at a much earlier period.

70. Phasianus colchicus -\- P. torquatus English
Pheasant. Resident. This fine hybrid has become
locally established.

71. Ectopistes migratorius Passenger Pigeon,
"wild pigeon." Formerly an irregularly abundant
transient, now extinct. John D. Dillen states that
his earliest recollections of this species dates back to
about 1 864 when a flock was found roosting in Gib-
son's pines, a four-acre tract, located on the South
Valley hills, Tredyffrin Twp. upon the very spot
where "Weadleytown" now stands. The pigeon's
stay was always comparatively short, rarely in Au-
gust, but could be looked for any time between
Sept. 10 and Oct. 10; nevertheless a flock of about
300 individuals occurred in early November, 1877
or 1878. It was less abundant in spring; a flock
of about 50 birds in March, 1867, and another of
about 200 in March, 1872 or 1873 (Cass., xiv,
33'36) . Pennock states that small flocks were seen
at Kennett Square from 1869 to 1873. Dr. H. R.
Wharton shot one or two in a wood at Stratford,
1878, and there is a specimen in the J. W. Sharp col-
lection without data but I understand that it was
secured nearby. Dr. Montgomery shot one individ-
ual Sept. I, 1886, in Birmingham Twp., and a
female in West Goshen Twp., Sept. 9, 1887. Both
specimens are in immature plumage and now in the
collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phil-
adelphia, and are believed to have been the last
specimens taken in Southeastern Pennsylvania. A
flock of fifteen passed over Berwyn, April 17, 1901

5O The Ornithology of Chester County

(Wils-Bull., 70, 48).

72. Zenaidura macroura carolinensis Mourning
Dove, "turtle dove," "wild dove," "wild pigeon."
Common summer resident, occasional resident. Ber-
wyn arrival and departure.

Feb. 24 (1906) — Apr. 6 (1914); ave. 17 yrs.
Mar. 21.

Sept. 26 (1910) — Nov. 30 (1912) ; ave. 13 yrs.
Oct. 21.

The first set of eggs is completed by Apr. 20.

73. Cathartes aura aeptentrionalis Turkey Vul-
ture, "buzzard," "turkey buzzard." Common sum-
mer resident, more or less regular resident in the
southern part of the county. It has been found nest-
ing by Michener, Matlack, Maris (Orn. and Ool.,
ix, 3) ; Stone (Am. Nat.. 1885, 4°7) J Pennock,
Warren, Jackson, Burns and others, especially on
the hills encompassing the Brandywine and Chester
valleys. My Berwyn records of first and last seen:

Mar. 16 (1897) — Apr. 13 (1894-1909); ave.
15 yrs. Apr. 4.

Oct. ii (1907) — Dec. i (1897-1900); ave. 20
yrs. Oct. 23.

It has also been noted on Jan. 30, 1906, and Feb.
25, 1901, doubtless birds that have wintered near
by. Nests with eggs are found by May 5 to 20.

74. Circus hudsonius Marsh Hawk, "bog trot-
ter," "hen hawk." Not common transient and
rather rare winter resident. It has been noted in the
vicinity of Kennett Square, Westtown and West
Chester during the winter. A pair of adults were
shot at Berwyn, Apr. 20, 1891, and it has been

Annotated List 51

noticed as early as Aug. 22 (1878) in East Brad-
ford Twp. Below are the averages from all sources :

Aug. 22 (1878) — Nov. 5 (1879); ave. 4 yrs.
Sept. 14.

Mar. 23 (1914) — Apr. 20 (1891); ave. 4 yrs.
Apr. 7.

75. Accipiter velox Sharp-shinned Hawk, "arrow
hawk," "bird hawk," "little chicken hawk," "little
hawk," "partridge hawk," "sharp-shin," "sparrow
hawk." Tolerable common transient and rare,
though regular, summer resident. Barnard, Mich-
ener and Warren considered it as a resident, and
it almost comes under this head since there are
records for every month with the exception of Jan-
uary. Matlack, Warren and Jackson have found
it nesting near West Chester; one or two nests
have been taken by Hughes, and Rotzell secured a
set of four eggs from a cedar grove near Berwyn,
May 23, 1889 (OoL x, 300) on which occasion
the writer was present. This set is now in the
Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. On
account of the presence of individuals in early and
late winter, no migration averages can be given, but
a perceptible autumnal movement occurs from Sept.
10 to Oct. 1 6.

76. Accipiter cooperi Cooper's Hawk, "bird
hawk," "blue hawk," "chicken hawk," "little hen
hawk," "long-tailed hawk," "partridge hawk,"
"pigeon hawk," "pheasant hawk," "privateer."

Common summer, occasional resident. Nidifica-
tion commences about Apr. 20 in the vicinity of
Berwyn, and the average date for the complete set

52 The Ornithology of Chester County

is May 8. I have not found this species present in
January.

77. Astur atricapillus atricapillus Goshawk, "hen
hawk." Rather rare winter visitant, usually soli-
tary. Listed by Barnard and Michener. Warren
states that he has seen five individuals in ten years;
one was shot at Kennett, Jan. i, 1872 (Phillips,
F. and S., vi, 84) ; there is a specimen in the Sharp
collection, taken many years ago in Easttown Twp. ;
and Dr. Hughes reported one killed near Downing-
town (Abst. Del. Val. Orn. Club, ii, 1898, 21).
There are also three sight records from West
Chester: Dec. 25, 1907, by Ehinger (Bd. Lore, x,
31); Feb. 7, 1909, by Jackson (Cass., xiii, 23);
and Dec. 25, 1916, by Schmucker and Ehinger (Bd.
Lore, xix, 23).

78. Buteo borealis l/orealis Red-tailed Hawk,
"big chicken hawk," "hen hawk," "redtail." Tol-
erable common resident, formerly rather abundant
for a member of the Raptores. It is worthy of
remark that Dr. Fisher gave food records of no less
than 178 individuals taken in Chester county, mostly
in the winter months between 1876 and 1886, and
nearly all from the vicinity of West Chester (Hawks
and Owls of the U. S., 53-58). Large flights of
transients occurred near Berwyn on Sept. 24, 1905
and Nov. 1-3, 1913. It is rather curious that I
have not found this species nesting anywhere on
the Valley hills. Numerous nests have been found
in the vicinity of Kennett Square and West Ches-
ter especially, by Warren, Pennock, Jackson, Sharp-
ies and others. However, this large, handsome

Photo by T. H. Jackson

TURKEY VULTURE NESTLING TWO OR THREE WEEKS OLD

Photo by E. H. Baynes

YOUNG TURKEY VULTURE ABOUT TEN WEEKS OLD

Annotated List 53

species is being replaced by the less conspicuous B.
platypterus.

79. Buteo lineatus lineatus Red-shouldered Hawk,
"chicken hawk," "hen hawk," "mouse hawk." Com-
mon transient and less common winter resident.
Our most abundant Hawk during fall migrations.
There appears no authentic breeding records, though,
as Dr. Stone points out, we are well within its breed-
ing range. My Berwyn dates on autumnal arrival
and vernal departure follow:

Sept. 23 (1902) — Nov. 6 (1894); ave. 8 yrs.
Oct. 1 6.

Feb. ii (1891)— Apr. 5 (1917); ave. 9 yrs.
Mar. 14.

80. Buteo platypterus platypterus Broad-winged
Hawk, "chicken hawk," "broad-wing." Common
summer resident. Michener, Warren, Pennock and
Montgomery, all consider it resident, bu.t there ap-
pear to be no winter dates and it has yet to appear
in the local Christmas census. This species, former-
ly quite rare, is now gradually supplanting B.bore-
alis, but owing to its inconspicuous presence, my
Berwyn migration records of its departure are few:

Arrival — Mar. 20 (1896) — May 6 (1904) ; ave.
14 yrs. Apr. 21.

Departure — Sept. 6 (1903) — Oct. 10 (1908);
ave. 3 yrs. Sept. 21.

Nest with eggs was found by Phillips at Avon-
dale, Apr. 26, 1869 (F. and S., vi, 84), and with
increasing frequency by Matlack, Price, Warren,
Everett, Darlington, Jackson, Baugh, Ladd, Sharp-
ies, Pennock and Burns, principally on the Chester

54 The Ornithology of Chester County

valley and Brandywine hills (Burns, Mon. Broad-
winged Hawk, Wils. Bull., Nos. 76-77). Nidifica-
tion commences by April 25, and the average date
for complete set is May 15.

81. Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis Rough-
legged Hawk, "tiger hawk." Rather rare winter
visitant, though it is included in all but Montgom-
ery's list. In the winter of 1879, while hunting
along the Brandywine, Dr. Warren observed seven
individuals at one time (Bds. Pa., 92). I have,
however, only nine or ten specific records, ranging
from Dec. 9, 1886, to Mar. 22, 1914 (Fisher,
Hawks and Owls, 91 ; Ehinger, Bd. Lore, xviii,
28; Ms. from Thomas and DeHaven).

82. A quila chrys&tos Golden Eagle. Straggler.
Considered very rare by Barnard, Michener, War-
ren and Pennock. According to Rhoads, one was
shot at Oxford in 1 88 1 or 1882 (Stone, Bds. E. Pa.
and N. J., 87). Another in immature plumage was
winged at Berwyn, Apr. 7, 1894, by George Quig-
ley, and kept in confinement for some years at the
Sorrel Horse tavern (Abst. D. V. O. C., ii, 22).

83. Haliaetus leucocephalus lencocephalus bald
Eagle. Transient and occasional winter visitant, at
least rare enough to excite general comment when-
ever reported. Sept. 9, 1915, to May 22, 1910
(Cass., v, 47; xii, 55; xiv, 41; xvi, 47; Bd. Lore,
xii, 29; MS. Burns and Thomas). Dr. Warren
narrates that about 1839, B. M. Everhart found
within the present borough limits of West Chester
a nest with one eaglet which he kept for some time.
A nest was located on the North Valley hills, near

Annotated List 55

Valley Forge, at a much later date.

84. Falco peregrinus anatum Duck Hawk. Rare
winter visitant, and so recorded by Barnard and
Michener. Dr. Warren obtained one caught in a
steel trap (Penn. Agri. Report for 1833, 109).
Dr. Montgomery saw a specimen in the flesh, shot
in East Bradford Twp., Feb. 14, 1886; the skin of
which is now in the collection of G. W. Roberts.
Dr. Fisher gives the food data on an additional
specimen, taken in the same locality, Mar. 17, 1880

(Hawks and Owls, 109) ; and there are records of
two shot at Lenape, Oct. 10, and Nov., 1902, by J.
D. Carter (Cass., vi, 56; vii, 68). The Harry Gar-
rett collection in Willistown, is said to have con-
tained two local specimens.

85. Falco columbarius columbarius Pigeon Hawk.
Rare winter visitant, observed by Barnard and
Michener. Dr. Warren secured a pair in the suburbs
of West Chester; in one week this pair had killed
or drove away fifty pigeons from the dovecote of a
blacksmith (Penn. Agri. Rep. for 1883, 109). Two
captures from the same locality, Feb. 20, 1878, and
Sept. 19, 1879, are given by Fisher (Hawks and
Owls, 112-113).

86. Falco sparverius sparverius Sparrow Hawk,
"bird hawk," "little blue-backed hawk," "little
chicken hawk," "little hawk," "killy hawk." Toler-
ably common resident, less numerous than formerly.
Dr. Fisher gives 58 local captures, mostly winter
dates and the season when it is rather scarce. Char-
acteristic nesting data: Willistown, Apr. 29, 1884,
five eggs taken by W. S. Hall.

56 The Ornithology of Chester County

87. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis Osprey, "fish
hawk," "fish eagle," "eagle." Not uncommon trans-
ient, and of course local. There are rather indefin-
ate intimation of it having nested along the Brandy-
wine at one time; A. P. Lee listed it as breeding
within a few miles of Oxford (Warren, Bds. Pa.,
1890, 143); and Dr. Montgomery noticed a pair
on several occasions during the summer of 1888,
along the former stream in East Bradford Twp.
However, this species has been known to travel quite
a distance in search of food and its mere presence
may often be misinterpreted. I have endeavored to
give both the spring and tall arrivals and departures
at Berwyn vicinity:

Arrives — Apr. 5 (1908) — Apr. 21 (1893-1903) ;
ave. 5 yrs. Apr. 14.

Departs — Apr. 29 (1913) — May 15 (1901);
ave. 5 yrs. May 7.

Arrives — Aug. 13 (1912) — Sept. 8 (1905) ; ave.
5 yrs. Aug. 21.

Departs— Sept. 27 (1895)— Nov. U (1915);
ave. 4 yrs., Oct. 16.

88. Aluco pratincola Barn Owl, "monkey-faced
owl," "southern barn owl," "white owl." Fairly
common resident, formerly considered quite rare.
The eastern part of the county the past twenty-five
years, seems to have received an increasingly large
number via the small creek valleys of the Delaware ,*
becoming first numerous in Easttown, Willistown
and East Goshen townships, until now it is pretty
well distributed over the county. It nests usually
in large isolated trees. Breeding date: East Goshen

Annotated List 57

Twp., May 15, 1902, taken by T. H. Jackson
(Kansas City Sci., v, I ; Bd. Lore, 1913, 245; and
Cass., viii, 26).

89. Asio wilsonianus Long-eared Owl, "cedar
owl," "hoot owl," "little horned owl," "mouse owl."
Rather rare resident, common and gregarious in
winter. Jackson has personally found four nests in
Willistown, West Goshen and Pocopson townships;
the first with five eggs, Apr. 15, 1870 (Orn. and
Ool., xi, 1 88). Pennock found a nest with eggs,
Kennett Square, Apr. 7, 1906; Hughes found nests
at Paoli and Valley Forge, and I have found it nest-
ing in the Paoli barrens, 1916 and 1917.

90. Asio flammeus Shcrt-eared Owl, "day owl,"
"marsh owl." Tolerable common winter resident.
This species will flush in grass fields and have been
shot in the fall by hunters. Josiah Hoopes reported
colonies in his nurseries at West Chester, about
1866, and 1890-1891 (Stone, Bd. E. Pa. and N. J.,
90). The following migration records are from all
sources within the county:

Arrival— Oct. 27 (1889)— Dec. 8 (1886); ave.
8 yrs., Nov. 18.

Departure— Mar. 5 (1887)— Apr. 18 (1888);
ave. 7 yrs., Mar. 22.

91. Strix varia varia Barred Owl, "hen owl,"
"hoot owl," "rain owl." Rare winter resident ac-
cording to available data, though Michener and
Pennock intimates that it is a resident. Robert
P. Sharpies mentions one killed recently that he be-
lieved nested in an old tree in the Bower's paper
mill woods near West Chester, and Harry Wilson

58 The Ornithology of Chester County

mounted a specimen said to have been shot from a
nest in a pine, in a yard about a mile from West
Grove. However, the less than a dozen records of
capture, mostly by Warren and Fisher ; are between
Oct. 28 (1889) and Jan. 20 (1883).

92. Scotiaptex cinerea Great Gray Owl. Strag-
gler. Dr. Warren records a specimen taken in mid-
winter, some time prior to 1870, by H. B. Graves,
(Bds. Pa., 1890, 152).

93- Cryptoglaux acadia acadia Saw-whet Owl,
"little owl." Rare winter visitant, Aug. 30 (1879)
to Dec. ii (1913). Dr. Warren offers the follow-
ing records of its capture: Aug. 30, 1879; Nov.
10, 1883 (2); Sept. 20, 1884; two records of it
being found dead, a male at Berwyn, Nov. 22, 1912
(No. 999, coll. F. L. B.) ; and Westtown, Dec. n,
1913, now in Westtown Boarding School museum
(Thomas, Cass. xvi, 54) ; also another date for the
latter place, Dec. 7, 1913 (Carter, Ibid, xvii, 54),
and a captive by T. H. Jackson at West Chester.

94. Otus asio asio Screech Owl, "barn owl,"
"gray owl," "little bird owl," "little red owl,"
"mottled owl," "red owl," "screech owl," "sparrow
owl." Common resident, by far the most abundant
and regularly distributed species of the Striges. Eggs
usually deposited Apr. I to 15.

95. Bubo virginianus virginianius Great Horned
Owl, "boofer," "booby owl," "cat owl," "chicken
owl," "hooter," "hoot owl," "woomer." Resident,
rather rare and local in the eastern part of the county
within the past few years where it was formerly
common. I have no record of it ever having nested

Annotated List 59

on the South valley hills, although ft is usually at-
tracted by heavy timber. It has been found breed-
ing most often in the townships of Willistown, East
and West Goshen, East Bradford, Thornbury,
Pocopson, Birmingham and Highland; the vicinity
of Kennett Square and Oxford. T. H. Jackson
took his first set of eggs of this species on Feb. 22,
1868. Since then he has taken some twenty sets,
and with the single exception of one set of three, the
complement consisted of two eggs ; the dates ranging
from Feb. I to Mar. 3 ; all open nests, 20 to 90
feet up (Orn. and OoL, 1886, 85; Kan. City Sci.,
v, 2 ) . C. J. Pennock found nine open nests and five
in hollow trees, and the earliest date for a full set
was Feb. 15 (Cass., vi; 54).

96. Nyctea nytea Snowy Owl, "snow owl,"
"white owl." Rare winter visitant. Warren took
two in the winter of 1879, and Fisher gives another
record, Dec. 14, 1886. Jackson relates an instance
of this bird perching upon the gilded ball of the
court house at West Chester, in broad daylight
(Kas. City Sci., v, 3). Montgomery states that a
few are shot every severe winter and that he has
seen such specimens in the flesh. During the winter
of 1902, one was observed flying over the Sharpies
Separater Works in West Chester, and perched on
a nearby chimney, where it was shot (Sharpies
MS.). "

97. Coccyzus americanus americanus Yellow-bill-
ed Cuckoo, "couk," "Indian hen," "kow bird,"
"rain bird," "rain crow." Tolerable common sum-
mer resident. June 15 is the average date for a

60 The Ornithology of Chester County

complete set of eggs. My Berwyn dates for arrival
and departure:

May 3 (1896) — May 26 (1900); ave. 10 yrs.
May 17.

Aug. 29 (1896) — Oct. 5 (1895); ave. 10 yrs.
Sept. 14.

98. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus Black - billed
Cuckoo, "kow bird," "rain bird," "rain crow."
Not common summer resident. Arrival, May 9
(1915) — May 25 (1908); ave. 5 yrs. May 19;
departure, Sept. 22 (1906). I have found nests
with incubated eggs on June 15, 1885; Aug. 6,
1886; July 15 and 28, 1887.

99. Ceryle alcyon Belted Kingfisher, "kingfisher,"
"rattler." Not common summer resident; resident
in open winters. In point of numbers, this is one
of our scarcest birds though always conspicuous. In-
deed it is possible for a single individual in the
course of a year or two, to practically exterminate
it over a considerable area; a demonstration of this
occurred near Berwyn a few years since, in the
interest of a trout pond.

100. Dryobates villosus villosus Hairy Wood-
pecker, "sapsucker." Tolerable common resident,
somewhat local in distribution. Montgomery and
Sharpies found it only as a winter visitant. Phil-
lips took a set of eggs in Kennett Twp. Apr. 20,
1868 (F. and S., vi, 57) ; I have found it breeding
in Tredyffrin Twp. on several occasions, and it is
also reported nesting in Willistown (Hall, Orn.
and Ool., ix, 137) ; Oxford (Burn MS.), and the
Welsh mountain region (Hunt MS.).

Annotated List 61

101. Dry abates pubescens medinus Downy Wood-
pecker, "sapsucker." Common resident. During
the winter of 1903-4, it was entirely absent from
the South Valley hills in the vicinity of Berwyn,
and did not become common until Mar. 19, 1904.
It begins drilling for nest as early as April 15, and
the eggs are deposited by May 10.

1 02. Sphyrapicus varius, varius Yellow-bellied
Sapsucker, "sapsucker." Tolerable common transi-
ent, and according to Warren, an occasional winter
visitant. Pennpck has a Kennett Square record for
Dec. 12, 1901. Montgomery has found it in April,
and from Sept. 28 to Nov. 21. The combined
county data gives the following results:

Feb. 14 (1901) — May 24 (1908); ave. 7 yrs.
Apr. 1 8.

Oct. 4 (1887-1913) — Dec. 12 (1901); ave. 9
yrs. Oct. 19.

103. Phlceotomus pileatus pileatus Pileated
Woodpecker, "Indian hen." Straggler. A former
resident, now extinct locally as such. In Barnard's
time it was very rare; Michener recorded it as
almost extinct, and in his later list announced that
this noble and once common bird had disappeared
with the forest which had afforded it protection. A
straggler was taken about 1878 (Warren, Bds. Pa.,
1890, 171).

104. Melanerpes erythrocephalus erythrocephalus
Red-headed Woodpecker, "red-head woodpecker."
Tolerable common summer resident; occasional res-
ident, especially in the Chester valley (Cass., vii,
10). Breeding date : Chester valley, May 19, 1904,

62 The Ornithology of Chester County

four eggs heavily incubated. Benvyn data on mi-
gration.

Arrives — Apr. 15 (1912) — May 6 (1905-1910);
ave. 12 yrs., May I.

Departs — Oct. g (1899) — Nov. 12 (1901-
1902) ; ave. 9 yrs., Oct. 25.

105. Centurus carolinus Red-bellied Woodpecker.
Rather rare winter visitant, mentioned by all our
list-makers. Phillips found it at Kennett Square,
Oct., 1871 (F. and S., vi, 148) ; two specimens
were taken by Rhoads at Kimbleville, Jan. I, 1880
and Dec. 8, 1881 (Stone, Bds. E. Pa. and N. J.,
96) ; and Warren has taken three in ten winters
(Bds. Pa., 1890, 174).

1 06. Colaptes auratns luteus Northern Flicker,
"flicker," "golden-wing," yellowhammer," "yellow-
shaft flicker." Common summer resident, occasional
resident; the most abundant representative of its
family. Nidification begins Apr. 15-25, average
date for complete set May 26 (Burns, Mon. of the
Flicker, Wils. Bull., No. 31). Migration at Ber-
wyn:

Arrival— Feb. 2 (1888)— Apr. 6 (1899); ave.
27 yrs., Mar. 15.

Common— Feb. 17 (1888)— Apr. 23 (1899);
ave. 24 yrs., Mar. 23.

Bulk— Sept. 13 (1899)— Oct. 19 (1893-1894);
ave. 12 yrs., Oct. I.

Last — Oct. 7 (1915) — Dec. 11 (1900); ave. 20
yrs., Oct. 29.

107. Antrostomus vociferus vociferus Whip-poor-
will, "whipper-will," "wbipper-ca-loo." Not com-

Annotated List 63

mon summer resident, formerly common. Nesting
data: Parkesburg, May 20, 1885, collected by J. H.
Matlack (Sharpies MS.). The migration data for
spring arrival is from all available sources, and the
fall departure from my Berwyn notes:

Arrival — Apr. 25 (1900-1913) — May 9 (1912) ;
ave. 12 yrs. May i.

Departure — Sept. 14 (1896) — Oct. 19 (1887);
ave. 4 yrs. Sept. 29.

108. Chordeiles viroinianus Nighthawk, "bird
hawk," "bullbat," "whipper-will." Tolerable com-
mon summer resident, rather local in character.
Breeding record: Paoli barrens, June 9, 1900, two
young (Bailey, Cass., v 22i). Migration records
from all sources:

Arrival — May 3 (1900) — May 27 (1903) ; ave.
1 6 yrs. May 14.

Depart. — Sept. 16 (1890) — Oct. 9 (1904) ; ave.
4 yrs. Sept. 23,

109. Cltuetura pelagica Chimney Swift, "chimney
bat," "chimney bird," "chimney swallow," "chim-
ney sweep," "swallow." Common summer resident.
Nesting date: Berwyn, June I, 1914, five eggs,
collection of F. L. B. Berwyn migration records:

Arrives — Apr. 18 (1891) — May i (1913); ave.
33 yrs. Apr. 25.

Common — Apr. 19 (1891) — May 3 (1913);
ave. 28 yrs. Apr. 27.

Bulk dep. — Aug. n (1916) — Oct. n (1900),
ave. 13 yrs. Sept. 15.

Last — Sept. 13 (1905) — Oct. 18 (1902); ave.
19 yrs. Oct. i.

64 The Ornithology of Chester County

no. Archilochus colubris Ruby-throated Hum-
mingbird, "hummingbird." Tolerable common
summer resident. Nest and two eggs, Benvyn, June
10, 1899. Also Berwyn migration data:

Arrives — May n (1886) — May 22 (1917);
ave. 17 yrs. May 15.

Departs — Aug. 24 (1913) — Oct. 9 (1887) ; ave.
17 yrs. Sept. 5.

in. Tyrannus tyranus Kingbird, "beebird,"
"kingbird," "tweet," "tyrant flycatcher." Tolerable
common summer resident. My Berwyn migration
data may average a few days later than that of the
southern parts of the county.

Arrival — Apr. 20 (1895) — May 20 (1917);
ave. 1 8 yrs. May 5.

Common — Apr. 25 (1895) — May 27 (1917);
ave. 10 yrs. May 10.

Departure — Aug. 24 (1905) — Sept. 10 (1904);
ave. ii yrs. Sept. 2.

112. Myiarchus crinitus Crested Flycatcher, "fly-
catcher," "great-crest," "snake bird." Common
summer resident. Nesting data: Berwyn, June 4,
1893, five eggs.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. 17 (1913) — May 8 (1909) ; ave.
26 yrs. May I.

Common — Apr. 19 (1894) — May 19 (1913);
ave. 22 yrs. May 9.

Departure — Aug. 29 (1902) — Oct. 7 (1895-
1897) J ave. 13 yrs. Sept. 15.

113. Sayornis phcebe Phoebe, "beambird,"
"bridgebird," "phcebebird," "pewee," "pewit."

Photo by T. H. Jackson

GREAT HORNED OWLS FIFTEEN WEEKS OLD

Photo by T. H. Jackson

BARN OWLS TEN WEEKS OLD

Annotated List 65

Common summer resident, occasional in winter.
Pennock saw one on Dec. 27, 1883, another Jan.
9, 1884; Dr. Warren saw C. D. Wood skinning
a specimen said to have been shot at Spring City,
Jan. 22, 1883 (Bds. Pa., 151) ; and J. D. Carter
in his West Chester-Coatesville bird census, 1901-
03, has thrice reported an individual on Dec. 25
(Bd. Lore, iv, 29 ; v. 17). Nidification begins about
Apr. 25 ; average date for first complete set, May 5.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Mar. 2 (1909) — Apr. 13 (1906) ; ave.
27 yrs. Mar. 25.

Common — Mar. 17 ( 1 898 ) — Apr. 14 ( 1 896 ) ;
ave. 14 yrs. Apr. 3.

Departure — Oct. I (1885-1897) — Oct. 31
(1889); ave. 1 6 yrs. Oct. 14.

114. Nuttallornis borealis Olive-sided Flycatch-
er. Rare transient. Given by Michener. Warren
states that a few specimens have been taken at irreg-
ular periods, and that C. D. Wood took a specimen
near Coatesville, May I, 1864. Stone reports that
one was taken along the Brandy wine, near Morton-
ville, May 4, 1898, and Thomas observed one at
Kennett Square, May 3, 1909.

115. Myiochanes virens Wood Pewee. Common
summer resident. Nesting data: Chester Valley,
May 19, 1904; three eggs.

Berwyn :

Arrival — May 3 (1896) — May 22 (1917) ; ave.
II yrs. May 13.

Common — May n (1904) — May 30 (1907-
1917) ; ave. 6 yrs. May 21.

66 The Ornithology of Chester County

Departure — Aug. 24 (190?) — Sept. 26 (1889);
ave. 5 yrs. Sept. 7.

1 1 6. Empidonax flaviventris Yellow-bellied Fly-
catcher. Rare transient ; probably more regular than
supposed, as it is mentioned by all our list makers.
Warren took four specimens Sept. 22-30, 1880, and
Montgomery secured three or four. The other rec-
ords are: Berwyn, Sept. 19, 1898 (No. 686, coll.
F. L. B.) ; Westtown, May 6, 1904 (Linton), and
Kennett Square, June 2, 1907 (Pennock). Barnard
informs us that it arrives May 8 to 14.

117. Empidonax virescens Acadian Flycatcher,
"hick-up." Tolerably common summer resident ; in
late years becoming more localized and scarcely ever
found on the higher hills. Average date for com-
plete set of eggs at Berwyn, June 9.

Berwyn :

Arrival — May 7 (1891-1895) — May 26 (1900) ;
ave. 15 yrs. May 15.

Common — May 14 (1901-1905) — May 31
(1910) ; ave. n yrs. May 22.

It has been observed as late as Sept. 20.

1 1 8. Empidonax trailli alnorum Alder Flycatch-
er. Rare transient. Dr. Michener of course follow-
ed Baird in calling this species E. trailli Traill's Fly-
catcher, and appears to be the only one, with the ex-
ception of Dr. Warren; who has obtained it in the
county. There are no recent records.

119. Empidonax minimus Least Flycatcher, "che-
bec." Tolerably common transient.

Berwyn:

Vernal arriv. — Apr. 28 (1915) — May 7 (1917) ;

Annotated List 67

ave. 6 yrs. May 3.

Vernal depart. — May 7 (1907-1909) — May 16
(1905) ; ave. 6 yrs. May n.

Dr. Montgomery never observed it in the fall, and
I have but one fall capture at Berwyn, Oct. 15,
1889.

1 20. Otocoris alpestris alpestris Horned Lark,
"field lark," "skylark."42 Tolerably common winter
visitant; gregarious and irregular. Barnard gives
its arrival as Dec. 5 to 22; Carter found many in-
dividuals on Dec. 25, 1901-03; Pennock at Kennett
Square on Jan. 5, 1912; Fowler at Cheyney, Feb.
12, 1907; Pennell at Downingtown on Feb. 23,
1902, and Feb. 20-26, 1903; and the latest date in
which it has been seen at Berwyn is Mar. 16
(1896).

121. Cyanocitta cristata cristata Blue Jay, "jay,"
"jay-bird." Common resident. Not present at Ber-
wyn during the winter of 1903-04, nor at Westtown
winter of 1910-11. Nesting data: Devon, Apr.
25, 1915, six eggs. An interesting flight of this
species occurred over my home between 7.30 and
10.30 A. M. on Oct. 7, 1917. The birds were in
flocks of from two to forty individuals, flying with
surprising rapidity southwest in one track at an esti-
mated elevation of 300 feet above the hill. These
flocks were sometimes many minutes apart and the
birds could be occasionally heard uttering the char-
acteristic "keck."

122. Corvus corax pnndpalis Northern Raven.
Formerly resident, now extinct. Very rare (Barn-
ard) ; resident, now very rare or extinct (Mich-

68 The Ornithology of Chester County

ener).

123. Corvus brachvrhynchos Crow. Common
resident, abundant in winter. A famous roost lo-
cated on the North Valley hills near Diamond rock,
was visited as early as 1889 by the writer, and in
1899, 1900 and 1901 by Dr. W. E. Rotzell. It
occupied probably ten ac^es and shifted from place
to place as the birds were disturbed. Flight lines
have shown that the Crows sought this roost from
Audubon on the Perkiomen, Port Kennedy, Norris-
town, Conshohocken, Bryn Mawr, Radnor, Devon,
Wawa, Westtown and League Island.

Prior to 1890, another roost was situated on the
North Valley hills near Coatesville. T. H. Windle
estimated the number at trom 30,000 to 50,000. In
1895, this roost was on the south ridge, between
Coatesville and Pomeroy; later shifted back to the
north ridge, which was occupied for several winters,
according to H. E. Stone. Crows returned to this
roost from Kennett Square, Timicular, Mortonville
and probably from Lenape ; while a number of other
flight-lines converged from the north and west (Cog-
gins, Cass., vii, 34, 36-38 and map). Nidification
commences as early as Mnr. 20 in open seasons, and
the average date for a complete set is Apr. 15.

124. Corvus ossifragus Fish Crow, "crow." Tol-
erably common resident, formerly quite rare or ab-
sent except in the southern part of the county.
Some years prior to 1888, J. H. Matlack took a set
of eggs somewhere along the Brandywine (Warren,
Bds. Pa., 162). On Mar. 6, 1891, Frank H. Stauf-
fer, of Berwyn, found a dead male in his yard and

Annotated List 69

presented it to me (No. 205, coll. F. L. B.), and
I found my first nest and eggs on May n, 1899,
(Osprey, iv, 33), and ft became fairly well distrib-
uted, though rather solitary, until the chestnut blight
destroyed the tall timber in which it was accustomed
to nest.

125. Sturnus vulgaris Starling, "blackbird,"
"stare." Common resident, gregarious and most
abundant in winter. First observed in the Chester
valley opposite Berwyn, Jan. 5, 1911, and a male
secured on Feb. 2 (No. 983, coll. F. L. B.) is prob-
ably the first specimen for the county, and it nested
the same year at Bacton (Wils. Bull., 90, 289).
First observed at West Chester, Dec. 3, 1911, by
T. H. Jackson (Auk, xxix, 243) ; Phoenixville,
June 9, 1912, by L. S. Pierson; Westtown, June 3,
1912, by S. C. DeHaven, and Kennett Square, Mar.
8, 1913, by C. A. Thomas (Cass., xvi, 49, and xviii,

56).

126. Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink, "reedbird."
Passably common transient and rare summer resi-
dent. Montgomery says that it is found almost ex-
clusively along the Brandywine in spring, but in the
fall it is frequently met with on the uplands in clover
fields. Dr. Warren hints that nests have been found
on one or two occasions (Bds. Pa., 1890, 206) ; Dr.
Trotter found several pairs at Cheyney apparently
nesting in the fields (Au.k, xxxi, 400), and on June
3, 1917, R. P. Sharpies, G. L. Eadie and the writer
observed a pair in a meadow of the Chesterbrook
farm, near Berwyn; evidently nesting.

Spring arrival — Apr. 27 (1908) — May 15

7O The Ornithology of Chester County

(1914) ; ave. 28 yrs. May 7.

Fall arrival — Aug. 4 (1886) — Sept. 25 (1890) ;
ave. 8 yrs. Aug. 28.

127. Molotherus ater ater Cowbird, "cow black-
bird," "cowpens bunting," "lazybird," "little black-
bird." Tolerably common summer resident. Dr.
Warren states that Harry Garrett of Willistown
had noted it as an occasional resident, and I once ob-
served it at Berwyn on Jan. 17, 1913. This species
builds no nest, but lays its eggs in other birds' nests
where the young are hatched and reared by the foster
parents.

128. Agelaius phoenlceus phceniceus Red-wing-
ed Blackbird, "red-wing," "swamp blackbird,"
"swampy." Common summer resident, gregarious,
and most abundant during migrations. Nesting
data: Berwyn, May 25, 1889, four eggs taken by
W. E. Rotzell. The Kennett Square, Westtown
and West Chester migration data for first arrival
average several days earlier than that of Berwyn
which I give below:

First arrival — Feb. 17 (1909) — Apr. 10 (1886) ;
ave. 29 yrs. Mar. 15.

Bulk arrival — Mar. 4 (1908) — Apr. 24 (1902) ;
ave. 1 8 yrs. Mar. 25.

Bulk departure — Sept. 30 (1916) — Oct. 25
(1911) ; ave. 6 yrs. Oct. 14.

Last seen — Sept. 15 (1902) — Nov. 5 (1888);
ave. 7 yrs. Oct. 26.

129. Sturnella magna magna Meadow Lark,
"field lark," "meadow lark," "yeliowbreast." Com-
mon resident, gregarious and rather local in winter.

Annotated List Jl

Dr. Montgomery says he can corroborate the fact
noticed by other observers that in the cold season, it
always migrates to a certain extent by leaving the
higher ground to collect in the valleys. J. H. Mat-
lack found a nest containing eight young and one
egg, June 3, 1879; a most unusual number (Ool.,

v, 43).

130. Icterus spurius Orchard Oriole, "hangbird,"
"hangnest," "oriole," "yellow hangbird." Toler-
able common summer resident. Nesting data: Ber-
wyn, June i, 1888, four eggs.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. 30 (1898) — May 15 (1911);
ave. 23 yrs. May 6.

Common — May 4 (1895) — May 13 (1902-1903-
1904-1905) ; ave. n yrs. May n.

Departure — Aug. 23 (1899) — Sept. 9 (1901);
ave. 14 yrs. Aug. 30.

131. Icterus galbula Baltimore Oriole, "firebird,"
"golden hangnest," "golden oriole," "hangbird,"
"hangnest," "yellowbird." Common summer resi-
dent. Nidification begins about May 25.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. 22 (1909) — May n (1903);
ave. 27 yrs. May 5.

Common — May 7 (1899) — May 15 (1900);
ave. 14 yrs. May 10.

Departure — Aug. 24 (1913) — Sept. 14 (1914);
ave. 17 yrs. Aug. 28.

132. Euphagus carolinus Rusty Blackbird, "Caro-
lina blackbird." Not common transient, occasional
winter visitant. J. D. Carter has recorded a single

72 The Ornithology of Chester County

individual in his West Chester-Coatesville Christ-
mas census, 1901-02-03 (Bd. Lore).

Spring arrival — Feb. 16 (1909) — Mar. 19
(1905) ; ave. 9 yrs. Mar. 5.

Fall arrival — Oct. 24 (1915) — Nov. 22 (1896) ;
ave. 3 yrs. Nov. 8.

133. Quiscalus quiscula, quiscula*3 Purple Grack-
le, "blackbird," "crow blackbird." Abundant summer
resident; not rare resident in mild winters. Gre-
garious, nesting in colonies and gathering in im-
mense numbers previous to the autumnal flight.
Nidification begins Apr. 15; average date for com-
plete set, Apr. 26. Berwyn data on the migration
of this bird is unusually complete.

Arrival — Jan 7 (1890) — Mar. 16 (1885); ave.
33 yrs. Feb. 27.

Bulk arriv.— Feb. 13 (1890)— Mar. 27 (1885) ;
ave. 32 yrs. Mar. 9.

Bulk depart. — Sept. 24 (1891) — Nov. n
(1889) ; ave. 25 yrs. Oct. 20.

Last seen— Oct. 6 (1887)— Dec. 24 (1889);
ave. 32 yrs. Nov. 5.

134. Quiscalus quiscala teneus Bronzed Crackle.
Straggler. Dr. Montgomery took a specimen in
East Bradford, Apr. 30, 1889, and Dr. Chapman
found one closely approaching this form in a series
of skins taken in the breeding season in Chester
county by Dr. B. H. Warren and G. W. Roberts.

135. Pinicola enucleator leucura Pine Grosbeak.
Rare winter visitant; occurs only in the most severe
weather. Listed by Michener, Warren and Pen-
nock.

Annotated List 73

136. Passer domesticus hostilis British House
Sparrow, "English sparrow," "house sparrow"
"town sparrow." Abundant resident. Introduced
in Chester county about 1875, when six birds were
brought to West Chester from Philadelphia (Bar-
row, English Sparrow in N. A.) ; in 1879, accord-
ing to Dr. Warren, it had already become abundant
and a pest.

137. Carpodacus purpureus purpureus Purple
Finch, "hempbird," "red sparrow." Tolerably com-
mon transient and irregular winter visitant. Dr.
Warren examined twenty-one specimens taken dur-
ing the latter part of March, throughout April and
from May I to 15 (Bds. Pa., 183). Dr. Montgom-
ery personally observed it only in the year 1887,
from Apr. 26 to May 9. A few have been observed
on Christmas day, 1911-14-15, by Dr. Ehinger, es-
pecially near West Chester, and I have a single
specimen taken in winter, Feb. 8, 1907 (No. 906,
coll. F. L, B.).

Autumnal migr. — Oct. 8 (1916) — Nov . II
(1897) ; ave. 7 yrs. Oct. 24.

Vernal migr. — Apr. 25 (1913) — May 9 (1887) ;
ave. 9 yrs. May 2.

138. Loxia curvirostra minor Crossbill. Not
common winter visitant, and occasional summer
straggler. Mentioned by Michener, Warren and
Pennock; the latter reports it at Kennett Square,
in January, 1900 (Abst. D. V. O. C., iv, 2). Dr.
Montgomery found it near West Chester on one or
two occasions, and Josiah Hoopes collected it quite
frequently in the Hoopes Brothers and Thomas

74 The Ornithology of Chester County

nurseries, West Goshen Twp. On June 16-17,
1911, Pennock and Carter observed two adults and
two juveniles in a scattered growth of pitch pines,
the barrens of the extreme southwest corner of the
county, bordering Maryland (Auk, xxix, 245).

139. Loxia leucoptera White-winged Crossbill.
Rare winter visitant. Audubon states that he ob-
tained some specimens during winter along the chilly
shores of the Schuylkill (Orn. Biog.) ; Barnard ob-
tained it in December, 1854; arjd Montgomery
reported two at West Chester, Jan. 28, 1900 ( Abst.
Proc. D. V. O. C., iv, 2). There are also two
sight records: Jan. 27, 1900, at Kennett Square
(Pennock MS. communicated by Thomas) ; and
Jan. 12, 1917, at Berwyn, by the writer.

140. A cant his linaria linaria Redpoll. Irregular
winter visitant. Both Barnard and Michener con-
sidered it very rare. Dr. Warren and a friend ob-
tained 150 specimens during the winter of 1878-79,
although for fifteen years prior to this it had not
been seen, at least in any numbers (Bds. Pa., 185).
It has also been reported from West Chester, Mar.
24, 1888, and Feb. 14, 1899, by Montgomery; Feb.
17, 1907, by Sharpies and Jackson; and Mar. 5,
1914, by Roberts; Downington, Feb. 24, 1902, by
Pennell; Kennett Square, Dec. 25, 1906, Feb. 25
and Mar. 13, 1907, by Pennock; Mar. 3, 1914, by
Thomas; and Paoli, Feb. 16, 1907, by Redfield;
from a single individual to flocks of fifty.

141. Astragalinus tristis tristis Goldfinch, "let-
ticebird, "saladbird," "sunflowerbird," "thistle-
bird," "wild canary," "yellowbird." Common resi-

Annotated List 75

dent, though many migrate in severe winters. Nest-
ing data: Berwyn, Aug. 12, 1889, f°ur eggs.

142. Spinus pinus Pine Siskin. Irregular winter
visitant and vernal transient. I observed a flock of
twenty-five at Berwyn, Apr. 30, 1909.

Arrival— Dec. 25 (1913)— Feb. 5, (1888).
Departure — Apr. 30 (1909) — May 15 (1912);
ave. 6, records May 4.

143. Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis Snow bunting.
Irregular winter visitant in small flocks. Consid-
ered rare by Barnard and Michener. Pennock noted
it in the winter, of 1870-71 and 1900, and secured
three specimens in 1886, near Kennett Square. Ob-
served at Downingtown, Feb. 23, 1902, by Pennell;
Berwyn, Feb. 17, 1905, by Burns; West Chester,
Mar. 2, 1914, by Ehinger; in flocks of not more
than thirty birds.

144. Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus Lapland
Longspur. Rare winter visitant. Michener gave
it as very rare. Not in Barnard's list, but according
to Pennock, his cabinet contained a specimen taken
in the county later than the publication of his list.

145. Poocates gramineus gramineus Vesper
Sparrow, "field sparrow," "grass finch," "ground
chippy," "snakebird." Tolerably common summer
resident, occasional resident. Nesting data: Ber-
wyn, June 10, 1885, four eggs.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Mar. 15 (1898) — Apr. 20 (1891);
ave. 20 yrs. Apr. 5.

Common — Apr. 4 (1902) — May 4 (1906-
1911) ; ave. 15 yrs. Apr. 20.

76 The Ornithology of Chester County

Departure — Oct. 9 (18901895-1899-1896) —
Dec. 22 (1887) ; ave. 7 yrs. Oct. 25.

146. Passerculus sandwichensis savanna Savannah
Sparrow. Transient; Michener, Warren and Pen-
nock consider it common, while Montgomery found
it abundant in spring and fall. At Berwyn it is not
at all common, and migration records from all
sources all too scanty.

Spring arrival — Mar. 28 (1889) — Apr. 18
(1891-1915) ; ave. 8 yrs. Apr. 12.

Spring departure — Apr. 13 (1886) — May 9
(1891) ; ave. 5 yrs. Apr. 21.

Fall date, Nov. 4, 1902.

147. Ammodramus savannarum australis Grass-
hopper Sparrow, "ground chippy," "yellow-winged
bunting," "yellow-winged sparrow." Tolerably
common summer resident; rather local, breeding in
small colonies in grass fields. Nesting data: June
4, 1884, Willistown, four eggs; taken by W. S.
Hall.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. 21 (1893) — May 3 (1917) ; ave.
12 yrs. Apr. 28.

Common — May 8 (1909-16) — May 21 (1913) >'
ave. 7 yrs. May n.

Departure— Oct. 6 (1905)— Oct. 7 (1917) ; ave.
2 yrs. Oct. 7.

148. Passerbulus henslowi henslowi Henslow's
Sparrow. Rare transient, and so listed by all au-
thorities. I have a female taken at Berwyn, Oct.
23, 1896 (No. 615, coll. F. L. B.). Hunt ob-
served six pairs at Cupola, Apr. 24, shot one on the

Photo by T. H. Jackson

ACADIAN FLYCATCHER NEST AND EGGS

Photo by T. H. Jackson

INDIGO BUNTING

NEST AND EGGS

Annotated List 77

26, and it was last seen on May 8, 1914 (Auk,
xxi, 386). Roberts reports a small flock near New
Garden, Oct. n, 1914.

149. Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys White-
crowned Sparrow. Rare transient. In submitting
the migration data from all sources, the possibility
of error in sight records is believed at a minimum, all
being experienced observers; and all records as far
as I know are for solitary individuals.

Spring arrivals — Apr. 30 (1907) — May 2O
(1892) ; ave. 12 yrs. May 10.

Fall arrival— Oct. 6 (1905)— Oct. 18 (1890);
ave. 5 yrs. Oct. 10.

150. Zonotrichia albicollis White-throated Spar-
row, "peabody bird." Abundant transient, and
occasional winter resident. Berwyn migration data :

Spring arrival — Mar. 6 (1906) — Apr. 16
(1898) ; ave. 13 yrs. Mar. 27.

Spring departure — Apr. 27 (1902-1907-1911) —
May 23 (1905) ; ave. 12 yrs. May 12.

Fall arrival — Sept. 24 (1913) — Nov. i (1900) ;
ave. 1 8 yrs. Oct. 7.

Fall departure — Oct. 18 (1903) — Dec. 20
(1900) ; ave. 15 yrs. Nov. 4.

151. Spizella monticola monticola Tree Spar-
row, "winter chippy." Tolerable common winter
resident, often associating with the Junco.

Berwyn :

Arrival— Oct. 17 (1896)— Dec. n (1886); ave.
8 yrs. Nov. 2.

Common— Oct. 20 ( 1 894 ) —Dec. 1 1 ( 1 886 ) ;
ave. 8 yrs. Nov. 18.

78 The Ornithology of Chester County

Departure — Mar. 16 (1901) — Apr. 21 (1887);
ave. 17 yrs. Apr. 9.

152. Spizella passerina passerina Chipping Spar-
row, "bush sparrow," "chippy," "chip sparrow,"
"hairbird," "honeysucklebird," "house sparrow,"
"tit," "tree sparrow." Abundant summer resident.
Nidification commences May 5 ; average date for
complete set, May 15.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Mar. 2 (1909) — Apr. 18 (1891) ; ave.
32 yrs. Mar. 30.

Common — Mar. 29 (1907-1914) — Apr. 29
(1891) ; ave. 29 yrs. Apr. 10.

Bulk departure — Sept. 20 (1906) — Oct. 21
(1902) ; ave. 8 yrs. Oct. 8.

Last seen— Sept. 29 (1898)— Oct. 28 (1891);
ave 19 yrs. Oct. 14.

153. Spizella pusilla pusilla Field Sparrow,
"bush sparrow," "field chippy," "field sparrow,"
"ground chippy." Abundant summer resident, oc-
casional resident. Average date for set of eggs, May
1 8.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Mar. 6 (1906) — Apr. 15 (1887) J ave.
30 yrs. Mar. 29.

Common — Mar. 24 (1903) — Apr. 29 (1891);
ave. 30 yrs. Apr. 5.

Bulk departure — Sept. 26 (1904) — Oct. 23
(1895); ave. 13 yrs. Oct. 13.

Last seen — Oct. 6 (1904) — Nov. 29 (1887);
ave. 20 yrs. Oct. 22.

154. Junco hy emails hyemalis Slate-colored Junco,

Annotated List 79

"black snowbird," "snowbird." Abundant winter
resident, gregarious. This species is undoubtedly
the most abundant of all our native birds in winter.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Oct. 4. (1897) — Dec. 3 (1887); ave.
28 yrs. Oct. 22.

Common — Oct. 6 (1908) — Dec. 27 (1890);
ave. 24 yrs. Oct. 28.

Bulk departure — Apr. 4 (1892) — Apr. 19
(1904) ; ave. 13 yrs. Apr. 12.

Last seen — Apr. 4 (1892-1913) — Apr. 30
(1890) ; ave. 26 yrs. Apr. 18.

155. Melospiza melodia melodia Song Sparrow,
"bush sparrow," "cheer-up, cheer-up for Easter,"
"ground chippy," "ground sparrow," "song spar-
row." Tolerable common resident and abundant
summer resident. Nidification begins as early as
Apr. 30; average date for complete set, May 16.

Berwyn :

Bulk arrive— Feb. n (1890)— Mar. 30 (1887) ;
ave. 19 yrs. Mar. 7.

Bulk depart— Oct. 9 (1895)— Dec. 7 (1886);
ave. 7 yrs. Nov. 12.

156. Melospiza lincolni lincolni Lincoln's Spar-
row. Rare transient ; Dr. Michener says extremely
rare. Dr. Warren has killed several during migra-
tions, near West Chester ; two early in May, one
late in September, and one early in October; and
R. P. Sharpies secured a male, Sept. 18, 1900, at
the same place, and the skin is now in his collection.

157. Melospiza georgiana Swamp Sparrow. Reg-
ular transient and rare summer resident; some-

8o The Ornithology of Chester County

what local and not gregarious. Pennock states that
a nest with eggs was taken near Kennett Square in
1885; and Sharpies has found it every year in a
swamp at Eachus's mill, near West Chester; and
believes it is a summer resident. Migration records
from all available resources:

Spring arrival — Mar. 23 (1886) — Apr. 30
(1905) ; ave. 9 yrs. Apr. 23.

Spring departure — May 9 (1891-1897) — May
13 (1894); ave. 3 yrs. May 10.

Fall arrival— Oct. 5 (1890)— Oct. 18 (1909);
ave. 3 yrs. Oct. 10.

158. Passerella iliaca iliaca Fox Sparrow, "fox-
colored sparrow," "hedge sparrow." Tolerably
common transient ; occurs usually in small flocks.

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — Feb. 22 (1888) — Mar. 25
(1905); ave. 1 8 yrs. Mar. 13.

Spring departure — Mar. 9 (1890) — Apr. 29
(1896) ; ave. 9 yrs. Apr. u.

Fall arrival and departure — Nov. 1-24.

159. Pipilo erythrophthalmus Towhee, "che-
wink," "chip-cherry bird," "ground robin," "jo-
wink," "juwink," "to-wee," "thrush." Common
summer resident, occasional resident. Nesting data,
Berwyn, May 22.

Berwyn:

Arrival — Mar. 29 (1904) — Apr. 30 (1907),
ave. 29 yrs. Apr. 17.

Common — Apr. 5 (1902) — May 5 (1901) ; ave.
26 yrs. Apr. 27.

Bulk depart — Sept. 27 (1893) — Oct. 12 (1894) ;

Annotated List 81

ave. 10 yrs. Oct. 6.

Last seen — Oct. 5 (1900-1912) — Nov. 3
(1888) ; ave. 24 yrs. Oct. 15.

The female arrives several days later in the spring
than given in the first dates.

1 60. Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis Cardinal,
"corn cracker," "English cockatoo," "kowbird,"
"rainbird," "redbird," "red jay," "red whistler,"
"Virginia nightingale," "winter redbird." Toler-
ably common resident, especially in the swampy
thickets; probably more common in winter. In
1909, T. H. Jackson of West Chester, asserted that
it was more common than it was twenty years ago.
Nesting records from Ma\ 9 to June 12, at Berwyn.

161. Zamelodia ludiviciana Rose-breasted Gros-
beak. Regular, though not common transient, and
rare summer resident. Audubon found it rather
plentiful in the early part of May, along the banks
of the Schuylkill, twenty or thirty miles from
Philadelphia (Orn. Biog.). Dr. Warren found
it exceedingly abundant in the woods May 11-27,
1882, and fifty specimens were taken. B. M. Ever-
hart, also of West Chester, said that twenty-five
years ago, it was a rather common summer resident
and that he repeatedly found its nest, eggs and young
(Warren, Bds. Pa., 199) ; also, according to Dr.
Warren, Titus Bennett found a nest and three eggs
near Deborah's rock, East Bradford Twp., about

1875.

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — May 7 (1911) — May 17
(1917) ; ave. 8 yrs. May n.

82 The Ornithology of Chester County

Spring departure — May 16 (1906) — May 23

(1917).

Fall arrival and departure — Sept. 19 (1893) —
Oct. 5 (1905).

162. Guiraca ceerulea ceerulea Blue Grosbeak.
Straggler from the south. Appears on Michener's
lists, and Warren took a specimen in the lower part
of the county on May 10, about 1885 (Bds. Pa.,
1890, 248).

163. Passerina cyanea cyanea Indigo Bunting,
"bluebird," "blue bunting," "indigobird," "green-
bird." Common summer resident. Nest with eggs
May 27-June 18.

Berwyn :

Arrival — May 3 (1895) — May 20 (1886) ; ave.
1 6 yrs. May 12.

Common — May 6 (1897) — May 30 (1900);
ave. 12 yrs. May 17.

Bulk departure — Sept. 5 (1904) — Oct. 6
(1914) ; ave. 6 yrs. Sept. 21.

Last seen — Sept. 30 (1906) — Dec. 3 (1914);
ave. 8 yrs. Oct. 9.

164. Spiza americana Dickcissel, "black-throated
bunting," "Maybird." Formerly a summer resident,
localized in the southern and eastern parts of the
county. Michener considered it common, and Bar-
nard records its arrival on Apr. 27 to May 3 ; War-
ren, in his list of 1879-80, remarks that he found
it rare and not breeding. A nest with eggs was
found by Phillips, near Avondale, July 4, 1871 (F.
and S., vi, 67) ; a nest and eggs was taken from a
currant bush near the county line, Eagle hotel

Annotated List 83

(Stratford), in 1874, by D. N. McCadden and Geo.
C. Thayer (Rhoads, Cass., vii, 24) ; another was
taken from along an osage hedge in a clover meadow,
Leopard (near Berwyn) in 1876, by my elder broth-
ers and J. W. Sharp, Jr., and some of the end-
blown Bluebird-like eggs may be seen in the Sharp
collection yet. Pennock states that the bird was
present up to 1875 and recalls two localities where
he always expected to find it present in the nesting
season ; one was near the village of Avondale and the
other half a mile south of Kennett Square. He has
frequently heard the male sing from scattered trees
or bushes along the roadside but never found a nest.
He first became acquainted with it about 1871, and
never knew of more than two or three pairs which
always affected certain spots (Rhoads, Cass., vii,
24). A. Palmer took a specimen in the spring of
1902 (Thomas MS.).

165. Spiza townsendi Townsend's Bunting.
Straggler; unique, probably the last of a decadent
race. The type and only specimen known to science
was taken at New Garden, May n, 1833; and the
following is an extract from the diary of Dr. Ezra
Michener: "This morning my friend John K.
Townsend, in company with John Richards, while
in quest of birds for my cabinet; shot a bunting in
William Brown's cedar grove, near New Garden
meeting-house, which is believed a nondescript. We
have given it the provisional name of Euspiza
albigula or white-throated bunting." Audubon de-
scribed and figured it in his original work (Orn.
Biog., ii, 1834, J83J pi. cccc), and considered it a

84 The Ornithology of Chester County

distinct species, but closely related to S.americana.
This specimen remaining in the collection of Dr.
Michener for twenty-four years, except for the brief
time it was in the hands of Audubon; and finally
presented it to the Smithsonian Institution and it is
now in the U. S. National Museum.

1 66. Piranga erythromelas Scarlet Tanager,
"black-winged redbird," "redbird," "summer red-
bird." Tolerable common summer resident. Nest-
ing data: Bervvyn, June i, 1900; three eggs.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. 25 (1903) — May 16 (1897) 5 ave-
27 yrs. May 8.

Common — May 5 (1906) — May 22 (1897);
ave. 14 yrs. May 13.

Departure — Sept. 15 (1913) — Sept. 25 (1894);
ave. 7 yrs. Sept. 22.

167. Piranga rubra rubra Summer Tanager,
"summer redbird." Straggler from the south. Bar-
nard considered it very rare, and Michener, a rare
summer resident. Dr. Warren saw a pair May 25,
1876, and a female Oct. 10, 1889, all in West Ches-
ter, (Bds. Pa., 1890, 252).

168. Probne subis subis Purple Martin, "black
martin," "martin," "swallow." Tolerable common
summer resident. Colonies have been established in
the past at Oxford, Avondale, Marshallton, Len-
ape, West Chester, Downingtown, Lionville, Byer's,
Malvern, Berwyn, Paulding's bridge, Cupola and
probably other points. Nidification commences soon
after arrival and the set is complete by June I.

Berwyn:

Annotated List 85

Arrival — Mar. 27 (1913) — Apr. 30 (1905);
ave. 13 yrs. Apr. 18.

Common — Apr. 18 (1889) — May 4 (1901);
ave. 5 yrs. Apr. 28.

Departure — Aug. 18 (1900) — Sept. 24 (1896);
ave. 7 yrs. Aug. 26.

169. Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons Cliff Swal-
low, "barn swallow," "eave swallow," "mud swal-
low." Not common transient, and rather rare and
altogether local summer resident ; formerly consider-
ed common. Pennock states that four or five sta-
tions about Kennett Square and one at Lenape are
deserted (Cass., vi, 52) ; Sharpies remembers a
colony in 1870 on the S. E. wall of an old mill at
Milltown, near West Chester; and Wilson reports
that in 1880, fifteen or sixteen pairs came to an old
stone building on the mill property of David Y.
Wilson, West Marlborough Twp., and built their
nests for three or four years. A set of five eggs was
taken near Berwyn, July 25, 1896. Warren states
that it arrives Apr. 28 to May 3.

170. Hirundo erythrogastra Barn Swallow. Com-
mon summer resident, less commonly than formerly
however. Completed nests by May 13.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. 13 (1912) — May 3 (1907) ; ave.
25 yrs. Apr. 22.

Common — Apr. 15 (1912) — May 9 (1904);
ave. 23 yrs. Apr. 28.

Departure — Aug. 19 (1898) — Sept. u (1902);
ave. 7 yrs. Aug. 29.

171. Iridoprocne bicolor Tree Swallow, "white-

86 The Ornithology of Chester County

bellied swallow." Not common transient, and pos-
sibly a rare summer resident. Michener, Warren
and Pennock considered it common, but Mont-
gomery found it unfrequent, taking two specimens
and observed two others on Apr. 25, 1891, by the
Brandywine, and saw another three days later in
West Goshen.

Dr. Warren informed me that he had observed
several along the Brandywine, several times during
the summer of 1889. Arrives Apr. 17 (1914) —
Apr. 25 (1891).

172. Riparia riparia Bank Swallow, "sand swal-
low." Not common transient. Apr. 25 to May 2,
according to Barnard. Although this species has
been known to breed in large colonies in the adjoin-
ing counties, and there are numerous local reports
of its presence and nesting; I have been unable to
confirm a single one with specimens, and neither
Stone nor Montgomery round it nesting. However,
if we are to credit the statements of Audubon,
Michener and others, it was formerly a common
summer resident along the Schuylkill, Brandywine,
and other parts of the county ; now apparently large-
ly or altogether displaced by S. serripennis.

173. Stelgidopteryx serripennis Rough-winged
Swallow, "bank swallow," "bridge swallow," "sand
martin," "sand swallow." Common summer resi-
dent, especially along the Schuylkill and Brandy-
wine. Nesting data: Chester valley, June 3, 1895,
five eggs. Migration data from all sources:

Arrival — Apr. 18 (1908) — May 13 (1909);
ave. 7 yrs. Apr. 30.

Annotated List 87

Common — Apr. 25 (1896) — May 13 (1904);
ave. 4 yrs. May 7.

174. Bomby cilia garrula Bohemian Waxwing.
Straggler from the north. The only authentic rec-
ord appears to be that of H. B. Graves in 1860
(Warren, Bds. Pa., 244).

175. Bomby cilia cedrorum Cedar Waxwing,
"cedarbird," "cedar lark," "cherrybird," "Quaker-
bird." Common transient and resident; gregarious
except when breeding. While Montgomery found
it only once in winter about West Chester, and
there are no mention of this species in the Christmas
censo-horizons ; nevertheless wandering flocks are
not unusual thoroughout the winter. Nesting data :
Berwyn, June 24, 1899, four eggs.

176. Lanius borealis Northern Shrike, "butcher-
bird." Not common winter visitant, Nov. 28
(i904)-Apr. 6 (1890).

177. Lanius ludovicanus migrans Migrant
Shrike. Rare transient. Dr. Montgomery shot two
males, West Goshen, Mar. 28, 1896, first county
records; and the skins are now in the Philadelphia
Academy of Natural Sciences. C. J. Pennock re-
ported it at Kennett Square, Dec. 12, 1901, and
I. G. Roberts noted an individual at New London,
Sept. 3 and Oct. 14, 1912, at Landenburg (Cass.,
v, 50.

178. Vireosylva olivacea Red-eyed Vireo, "fly-
catcher," "greenlet," "hangbird." Abundant sum-
mer resident. Nidification begins May 2028 ; aver-
age date for complete set, June 8. Extreme dates
for fresh eggs, May 28 — July 24.

88 The Ornithology of Chester County

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. 21 (1893) — May 12 (1914) ; ave.
25 yrs. May 4.

Common — Apr. 29 (1893) — May 17 (1902-
1917) ; ave. 23 yrs. May 10.

Bulk departure — Aug. 31 (1903) — Oct. 7 (1895-
1897) >* ave- *3 yrs- Sept. 21.

Last seen — Sept. 18 (1891-1901) — Oct. 26
(1900) ; ave. 20 yrs. Oct. 6.

179. Vireosylva philadelphica Philadelphia Vireo.
Rare transient. Josiah Hoopes captured specimens
at West Chester, Sept. 30 and Oct. 6, 1891 (Stone,
Bds. E. Pa. and N. J., 126) ; and I shot an adult
female (No. 685, coll. F. L. B.) Sept. 19, 1898, at
Berwyn (Wils. Bull., 24, 7) ; the above appear to
be the only records for the county.

1 80. Vireosylva gilva gilva Warbling Vireo. Tol-
erable common summer resident. W. L. Baily found
newly made nest at Paoli, May 18, 1891.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. 30 (1906-1908) — May 12
(1914) ; ave. 14 yrs. May 7.

Common — May 8 (1916) — May 15 (1915);
ave 3 yrs. May n.

Departure — Sept. 4 (1913) — Oct. 7 (1910);
ave. 8 yrs. Sept. 19.

181. Lanivireo flavifrons Yellow-throated Vireo.
Not common summer resident. W. S. Hall took a
set of eggs, Willistown, July 2, 1884; and the
writer found two nests: Valley Forge, June 11,
1885, and Berwyn, June 18, 1899.

Berwyn:

Photo by A. C. Redfield

WHITE-EYED VIREO ON NEST

Photo by T. H. Jackson

BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER NEST AND EGGS

Annotated List 89

Arrival — May I (1904) — May 16 (1896) ; ave.
3 yrs. May 9.

182. Lanivireo solitarius solitarius Blue-headed
Vireo. Tolerable common transient.

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — Apr. 17 (1916) — May 10
(1890) ; ave. 10 yrs. Apr. 27.

Fall arrival — Sept. 23 (1890) — Oct. 16 (1891) ;
ave. 5 yrs. Oct. 6.

183. Vireo griseus griseus White-eyed Vireo.
Rather local, not common summer resident. Nest-
ing data: Berwyn, June 13, 1888; four eggs.

Berwyn :

Arrival — May 5 (1892) — May 23 (1915) ; ave.
6 yrs. May 12.

Departure — Sept. 4 (1894) — Oct- J (1906);
ave. 3 yrs. Sept. 18.

184. Mniotilta varia Black and White Warbler,
"creeper," "little sapsucker." Rather abundant
transient and tolerable common summer resident,
especially on the Chester valley and Brandy wine
hills; though it is probable a great proportion do
not breed. Rhoads records it feeding its young at
Westtown in 1878 (B. N. O. C., iv, 234) ; Everett
took the first set of eggs June 10, 1885, near Mal-
vern (Orn. and Ool., xii, 25); Ladd found two
sets now in the Norris collection, June 6, 1886 and
May 29, 1887, Brandywine hills (Orn. and Ool.,
xii, 150) ; Sharpies has a personally collected set
from along the Brandywine, and Jackson found a
nest near the latter locality June 26, 1903, another
near Glenlock, and one with young June 6, 1890,

9O The Ornithology of Chester County

near Whiteland station. I flushed five young from
nest at Berwyn on June 3, 1896, and have observed
fledgings almost every season (Chapman's Warblers
of N. A., 42).

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. 17 (1900) — May 6 (1893-6);
ave. 23 yrs. May I.

Bulk arrival — Apr. 29 (1914) — May 13 (1899-
1900) ; ave. 16 yrs. May 5.

Bulk departure — Sept. 13 (1916) — Sept. 28
(1913) ; ave. 2 yrs. Sept. 20.

Last seen— Sept. 18 (1888)— Oct. 7 (1895);
ave. 6 yrs. Sept. 27.

185. Protonotaria citra Prothonotary Warbler.
Straggler. Michener and Warren give it as an ex-
tremely rare summer resident. Dr. Warren has
taken two specimens, one in midsummer, the other
in May (Bds. Pa., 1890, 274).

1 86. Helmitheros vermivorus Worm-eating
Warbler. Common summer resident, rather abund-
ant in the second growth timber of the Octoraro,
Brandywine and Chester Valley hills. The first
authentic description of the nest and eggs was pub-
lished by T. H. Jackson (Am. Nat., 3, 556) from
the type set of five taken near West Chester, June
6, 1869, and it has been found breeding the past
thirty years with increasing frequency by Jackson,
Ladd, Burns and others (Cf. Rhoads, B. N. O. C.,
vii, 55; Jackson, Orn. and Ool., x, 176; xi, 156;
Ladd, Ibid., xii, no, and 149; Norris, Ibid., xv,
117; Norris, Jr., Nid., i, 165; Burns, Bd. Lore,
vii, 137; Chapman's Warblers N. A., 50). Nidifi-

Annotated List 91

cation begins a few days after arrival and in the
fifty or more records in the vicinity of Berwyn, the
average date for a complete set is May 28.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. 30 (1916) — May 14 (1896) ; ave.
1 8 yrs. May 7.

Common — May 5 (1905) — May 19 (1901);
ave. 13 yrs. May 12.

Departure — Aug. 29 (1896-1902) — Sept. 2
(1898) ; ave. 5 yrs. Sept. I.

187. Vermivora pinus Blue-winged Warbler.
Common summer resident, apparently most abund-
ant in the eastern part of the county, especially about
Birmingham (Norris, Jr., Orn. and Ool, xiv, 138)
and Berwyn (Burns, Wils. Bull., 35, 39). Also
found breeding at Kennett Square, by Phillips (F.
and S., vi, 215); West Chester, by Rhoads,
(Coues, B. N. O. C., iii, 194) ; Willistown, by
Hall (Orn. and Ool., 9, 137). Nidification com-
mences soon after arrival; average date for com-
plete set May 29 (Burns in Chapman's Warblers
N.A.,67).

Berwyn :

Arrival — May 3 (1900-1905) — May 15 (1896) ;
ave. 21 yrs. May 6.

Common — May 3 (1900) — May 17 (1917);
ave. 12 yrs. May 8.

Departs — Aug. 13 (1890) — Sept. 6 (1897);
ave. 4 yrs. Aug. 24.

1 88. Vermivora chrysoptera Golden-winged
Warbler. Rare transient. I have no fall dates and
include all spring records available: May 4 (1902)

92 The Ornithology of Chester County

— May 25 (1907), ave. 10 records May n.

189. Vermivora rubricapilla rubricapilla Nash-
ville Warbler. Not common transient.

Spring arrival — Apr. 28 (1915) — May 15
(1904); ave. 9 records May 7.

Fall arrival— Sept. 13 (1912)— Oct. 8 (1891);
ave. 3 yrs. Oct. I.

190. Vermivora celata celata Orange-crowned
Warbler. Straggler. I took an adult male (No.
519, coll. F. L. B.) at Berwyn, Oct. 12, 1894
(Wils. Bull., 1 8, 5), first county and third State
record.

191. Vermivora peregrina Tennessee Warbler.
Not common transient, formerly quite rare.

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — May 2 (1912) — May 13
(1917) ; ave. 3 yrs. May 9.

Spring departure — May 17 (1917) — May 21
(1916); ave. 2 yrs. May 19.

Fall arrival — Sept. 12 (1913) — Oct. 6 (1917);
ave. 5 yrs. Sept. 27.

Fall departure — Oct. 6 (1915) — Oct. 8 (1914) ;
ave. 3 yrs. Oct. 7.

192. Compsothlypis americana usnea Northern
Parula Warbler, Common, some times abundant,
transient. According to Pennock, M. P. Barnard
of Kennett Square, shot one in July, 1884; and
Warren informs us that he has seen individuals as
late as June 27 (Bds. Pa., 245).

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — Apr. 29 (1914) — May II
(1904) ; ave. 8 yrs. May 7.

Annotated List 93

Spring bulk-May 7 (1905) — May 20 (1915);
ave. 8 yrs. May 13.

Spring departure — May 10 (1903) — May 23
(1889) ; ave. 9 yrs. May 15.

Fall arrival— Sept. 5 (1895)— Oct. 27 (1893);
ave. 6 yrs. Sept. 21.

Fall departure — Sept. 21 (1898) — Oct. 31
(1893) J ave. 9 yrs. Oct. 6.

193. Dendroica tigrina Cape May Warbler,
"grapebird," "little striped yellowbird." Common,
sometimes abundant, transient; formerly quite rare
(Burns, Auk. xxxii, 231).

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — May 7 (1916) — May 15
(1914); ave. 15 yrs. May n.

Spring departure — May 15 (1910) — May 24
(1916) ; ave. 7 yrs. May 19.

Fall arrival — Sept. 3 (1916) — Sept. 16 (1917);
ave. 5 yrs. Sept. 9.

Fall bulk — Sept. 7 (1914) — Sept. 14 (1913);
ave. 3 yrs. Sept. 10.

Fall departure — Sept. 25 (1909) — Oct. 20
(1914) ; ave. 6 yrs. Oct. 6.

194. Dendroica tzstiva tzstiva Yellow Warbler,
"summer yellowbird." Not common transient
and rather rare summer resident; formerly consid-
ered rather abundant in the southern and central
parts of the county. J. P. Norris, Jr. found only
one nest, and a few nests have been found in recent
years by Thomas at Kennett Square, and Burn
at Oxford.

Arrival — Apr. 22 (1917) — May 19 (1913); ave.

94 The Ornithology of Chester County

10 yrs. May 6.
Common — May 7, 1905.
Last seen — Sept. 19, 1893; Sept. 20, 1894.

195. Dendroica carulescens carulescens Black-
throated Blue Warbler, Common, sometimes abun-
dant, transient.

Spring arrival — May I (1912) — May 21
(1899) ; ave. 18 yrs. May 8.

Common — May 7 (1909-1914-1916) — May 23
(1899); ave- 1 6 yrs. May 12.

Departure — May 8 (1909) — June 3 (1917);
ave. 14 yrs. May 18.

Fall arrival— Sept. 8 (1898)— Sept. 28 (1914);
ave. 7 yrs. Sept. 16.

Common— Sept. 8 (1898)— Sept. 28 (1913);
ave. 2 yrs. Sept. 18.

Last seen — Sept. 16 (1905) — Nov. 4 (1917);
ave. 1 6 yrs. Sept. 27.

196. Dendroica coronata Myrtle Warbler, "yel-
low-rump" Common transient, occasional winter
visitant.

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — Apr. 7 (1893) — May 2 (1914) ;
ave. 8 yrs. Apr. 24.

Common — May 4 (1888) — Mayv 12 (1906);
ave. 6 yrs. May 6.

Departure — Apr. 30 (1916) — May 17 (1917);
ave. 10 yrs. May 9.

Fall arrival— Sept. 5 (1888)— Sept. 30 (1911);
ave. 4 yrs. Sept. 21.

Last seen — Oct. 8 (1908) — Oct. 27 (1893) ; ave.
7 yrs. Oct. 18.

Annotated List 95

197. Dendroica auduboni Audubon's Warbler,
Straggler. Dr. Warren secured a fine adult female,
Nov. 8, 1889, in an apple orchard, in company with
Juncos and White-throated Sparrows (Bds. Pa.,
1890, 283). This is the first record for Pennsyl-
vania and the second for the East. The specimen is
now in his private collection.

198. Dendroica magnolia Magnolia Warbler.
Common transient.

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — May 5 (1909) — May 17
(1917) ; ave. 10 yrs. May n.

Common — May 13 (1904) — May 21 (1899);
ave. 5 yrs. May 15.

Departure — May 16 (1914) — May 30 (1917);
ave. 8 yrs. May 21.

Fall arrival— Aug. 18 (1888-1896)— Sept. 7
(1893) ; ave. 5 yrs. Aug. 29.

Last seen — Sept. 19 (1893) — Oct. 7 (1895-
1917) ; ave. n yrs. Sept. 27.

199. Dendroica cerula Cerulean Warbler. Rare
transient. Listed by Barnard, Michener, Warren
and Pennock. Dr. Montgomery shot a female in a
swamp in West Goshen, May 10, 1890, and the skin
is now in the collection of the Academy of the
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Dr. Ehinger re-
ported one seen and carefully identified at West
Chester, May 9, 1914.

200. Dendroica pensylvanica Chestnut - sided
Warbler. Common transient, and rare summer
resident. Dr. Warren saw two, June 25, 1876,
probably breeding. Pennock in behalf of S. B.

g6 The Ornithology of Chester County

Ladd, recorded the nesting of this bird on the South
Valley hills not far from Frazer, May 27, 1900
(Abst. Proc. Del. Orn. Club, iv, 4), the set of four
eggs are now in the Norris collection ; Pennock ob-
served a single bird in deciduous woods two miles
beyond the serpentine barrens in the southern part
of the county and not more than 250 feet above sea
level, on June 16, 1911 (Auk, xxix, 247) ; and I
found a nest with two young and one infertile egg
at Berwyn, July 10, 1914 (Wils. Bull., 90, 288).

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. 30 (1916) — May 16 (1917) ; ave.
10 yrs. May 8.

Common — May 8 (1909) — May 23 (1915-16) ;
ave. 8 yrs. May 14.

Departure— Sept. 28 (1889)— Oct. 8 (1891);
ave. 5 yrs. Oct. 3.

201. Dendroica castanea Bay-breasted Warbler.
Not common transient.

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — May 8 (1909) — May 18
(1917) ; ave. 4 yrs. May 13.

Spring departure — May 19 (1905) — May 30
(1917) ; ave. 5 yrs. May 23.

Fall departure — Sept. 16 (1891) — Oct. 5
(1895) I ave. 3 yrs. Sept. 26.

202. Dendroica striata Black-poll Warbler. Com-
mon transient.

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — May 12 (1914) — May 16
(1896); ave. 4 yrs. May 16.
Spring departure — May 16 (1904) — June I

Annotated List 97

(1917) ; ave. 4 yrs. May 27.

Fall arrival— Sept. 4 (1894)— Sept. 28 (1914) ;
ave. 4 yrs. Sept. 14.

Fall departure — Sept. 27 (1913) — Oct. 18
(1914) ; ave. 3 yrs. Oct. 7.

203. Dendrolca fusca Blackburnian Warbler.
Not common transient.

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — May 8 (1909) — May 22
(1917); ave. 6 yrs. May 15.

Spring departure — May 14 (1914) — May 27
(1917) ; ave. 2 yrs. May 20.

Fall arrival— Aug. 18 (1896)— Sept. 7 (1891);
ave. 4 yrs. Aug. 26.

Fall departure — Sept. 5 (1898) — Sept. 19
(1890-1891) ; ave. 3 yrs. Sept. 14.

204. Dendroica dominica dominica Yellow-
throated Warbler. A straggler from the south. Dr.
Warren has two specimens in his collection, both
males, taken June 27, 1879, and July, 1885 (Bds.
Pa., 1890, 288).

205. Dendroica virens Black-throated Green
Warbler. Common transient.

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — Apr. 30 (1908-1916) — May 9
(1912) ; ave. n yrs. May 4.

Spring bulk — May 3 (1914) — May 19 (1913) ;
ave. 1 1 yrs. May 9.

Spring departure — May 7 (1916) — June I
(1917) ; ave. n yrs. May 14.

Fall arrival — Aug. 28 (1896) — Sept. 24 (1916) ;
ave. ii yrs. Sept. 10.

98 The Ornithology of Chester County

Fall departure — Sept. 17 (1891) — Oct. 7 (1895-
1917) ; ave. 8 yrs. Sept. 28.

206. Dendroica townsendi Townsend's Warbler.
Straggler from the far west. C. D. Wood, a Phila-
delphia taxidermist, killed an adult male near
Coatesville, in an apple orchard; May 12, 1868.
Sole Eastern record. This specimen was sold for
$40 to Dr. Turnbull, and after his death purchased
by B. A. Hoopes, who subsequently disposed of it to
John Krider (Warren, Bds. Pa., 246). It later
came into the possession of Prof. E. D. Cope, and is
now in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadel-
phia (Stone, Osprey, iii, 98).

207. Dendroica vigorsi Pine Warbler. Not com-
mon transient. Barnard states that it arrives May
12 to 20; the only other spring dates we have are
Berwyn, May 6, 1905, and Kennett Square, May
16, 1914, and Apr. 17, 1915 (Thomas MS.).
Montgomery considered it common, and offered the
following occurrences: Oct. 1-8, 1887; Sept. 19,
1889; Sept. 17 to Oct. 1 8, 1890.

208. Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea Yellow
Palm Warbler. Not common transient. Dr. Mont-
gomery shot five specimens and saw a few others in
April, 1891. Dr. Warren gives it as an abundant
migrant, Apr. 20 to 30. I secured a pair in Devon
swamp, Oct. 7, 1895 (Nos. 568 and 569, coll. F.
L. B.). Migration records from all sources:

Spring arrival — Apr. 9 (1915) — Apr. 25 (1897-
1915) ; ave. 8 yrs. Apr. 19.

Fall arrival— Oct. 7 (1895)— Oct. 24 (1908);
ave. 2 yrs. Oct. 15.

Annotated List 99

209. Dendroica discolor Prairie Warbler. Rare
transient, and common summer resident in the south-
ern part of the county. Dr. Montgomery has seen
it only on two dates, May 10, 1890, when three were
seen and a female secured, and on May 2, 1897.
Dr. Warren observed it on different occasions dur-
ing the summer months on the Barren ridge (Bds.
Pa., 1890, 293) ; Pennock and Carter found it quite
abundant and probably breeding in the serpentine
barrens of the southern border, June 16, 1911 (Auk,
xxix, 245 ) ; and Burn saw a male near Chrome, in
the same locality, on July 3, 1916.

Spring arrival — May 2 (1897) — May 25

(1907) ; ave. 4 yrs. May n.

210. Seiurus aurocapillus Ovenbird, "ground
thrush." Abundant summer resident. Nidification
begins about May 18; average date for complete
set, May 29.

Berwyn:

Arrival — Apr. 13 (1890) — May 12 (1888-9);
ave. 28 yrs. Apr. 30.

Common — Apr. 28 (191011) — May 13 (1902) ;
ave. 26 yrs. May 5.

Bulk departure — Aug. 29 (1896-1902) — Oct. 3

(1908) ; ave. 8 yrs. Sept. 9.

Last seen— Sept. 12 (1913)— Oct. 7 (1897);
ave. 9 yrs. Sept. 25.

211. Seiurus noveboracensis noveboracensis Wa-
ter-Thrush. Not common. Montgomery took a
specimen on May 10, 1890, West Goshen Twp., and
I secured another at Berwyn, Sept. 22, 1906 (No.
892, coll. F. L. B.).

IOO The Ornithology of Chester County

Spring arrival — Apr. 14 (1912) — May 10
(1890) ; ave. 5 yrs. May 7.

Spring departure — May 14 (1912) — May 30
(1907) ; ave. 3 yrs. May 25.

212. Seiurus motacilla Louisiana Water-Thrush.
Rare summer resident. Warren has taken a few
specimens in summer (Bds. Pa., 1890, 295) ; Jack-
son and Ladd searched a ravine near Whitford, for
several seasons without locating its nest, though a
pair of this elusive species was present. A pair
inhabited an extensive and well watered tract of
woods near Daylesford, for several years, and I
found one young bird apparently just out of the
nest, June 3, 1899; a pair was present on May 6,
1906 and May 8, 1909, but the nest was not found
(Wils. Bull., 28, 75; 59, 73). Pennock took a
specimen at Kennett Square, Apr. 19, 1909.

213. Oporornis formosus Kentucky Warbler,
"yellowbird." Common summer resident, often
rather abundant in the vicinity of Birmingham meet-
ing house, West Chester and Berwyn; formerly
quite rare (Cf. Rhoads, B. N. O. C, iv, 234; Hall,
Jackson, Norris, Jr., Norris, Sr., Orn. and Ool., ix,
137; xii, 43; xiv, 104; xv, 145; xvii, i; Norris,
Jr., Nid. i, 165; and Burns in Chapman's Warb-
lers N. A., 237). Nidification commences about
May 25; in thirty instances the average date for a
complete set of eggs is June 3.

Berwyn :

Arrival — May 3 (1896-1900) — May 16(1917) ;
ave. 17 yrs. May 8.

Common — May 9 (1904-1910) — May 22

Photo by A. C. Redfield

WORM-EATING WARBLER NEST AND EGGS

Photo by A. C. Redfield

BLUE-WINGED WARBLER NEST AND EGGS

Annotated List 101

(1897); ave- J5 vrs-

Departure — Aug. n (1902) — Sept. 14 (1896);
ave. 9 yrs. Aug. 23.

214. Oporornis agilis Connecticut Warbler. Rare
transient. Dr. Montgomery collected specimens
Sept. 20 and 28, 1889, and saw another Sept. 25,
all in West Goshen ; and I took single birds on Sept.
n, 1893 and Oct. 7, 1897 (Nos. 423 and 636, coll.
R L. B.). There are no spring records.

Fall arrival— Sept. 19 (1893)— Oct. 7 (1897);
ave. 5 records Sept. 26.

215. Oporornis Philadelphia. Mourning Warb-
ler. Rare transient. Michener gave it as a summer
resident, extremely rare. Four specimens have been
taken by Josiah Hoopes and Witmer Stone (Bds.
E. Pa. and N. J., 139) ; and according to Warren,
Harry Garrett of Willistown has also taken speci-
mens. Pennock states that on June 19, 1886, a
female, which had been found a few days before,
was brought to him, and a male was seen in the same
vicinity about June 12. The inference is that the
pair would have nested in the neighborhood (Ool.,
iii, 46).

Spring arrivals — May 15 (1892) — May 27
(1909); ave. 6 records. May 20. There are no
fall records.

2 1 6. Geothlypis trichas trichas Maryland Yel-
lowthroat, "muff wren," "wild canary," "yellow-
bird," "yellow wren." Common summer resident.
Modification usually begins by May 15 ; average date
for complete set, May 26.

Berwyn :

IO2 The Ornithology of Chester County

Arrival — Apr. 23 (1910) — May 9 (1894) I ave.
2O yrs. Apr. 30.

Common — Apr. 29 (1914) — May 21 (1899);
ave. 13 yrs. May 12.

Bulk depart— Sept. 4 (1894)— Sept. 25 (1895) ;
ave. 6 yrs. Sept. 16.

Last seen — Sept. 19 (1893) — Oct. u (1897);
ave. 14 yrs. Oct. 2.

217. Icteria virens virens Yellow-breasted Chat,
"chat," "oriole." Tolerable common summer resi-
dent; inclined to nest in small colonies. Nidifica-
tion commences by May 20; average date for com-
plete set, May 30.

Berwyn :

Arrival — May 2 (1904) — May 19 (1917) ; ave.
12 yrs. May 9.

Common — May 12 (1905) — May 26 (1914);
ave. 9 yrs. May 16.

Bulk depart — Aug. 8 (1900) — Sept. 4 (1894);
ave. 2 yrs. Aug. 21.

Last seen — Aug. 21 (1896) — Sept. 4 (1894);
ave. 3 yrs. Aug. 27.

218. Wilsonia citrina Hooded Warbler. Not
common transient. A female taken at Berwyn, May
II, 1898 (No. 644, coll. F. L. B.).

The only autumnal record I have is that of an
adult male found dead in a yard in West Chester
Sept. 28, 1915, by R. P. Sharpies, and now in the
possession of Miss Sara DeHaven.

Spring arrival — May i (1909) — May 4 (1912) ;
ave. 4 records May 3.

Spring departure — May n (1899-1909-1910) —

Annotated List 103

May 14 (1914) ; ave. 6 records May 12.

219. Wilsonia pusilla pusilla Wilson's Warbler.
Tolerably common transient. I took a female with
black cap on May 18, 1896, at Berwyn. (No. 596,
coll. F. L. B.). There are no fall records avail-
able.

Spring arrival — May 8 (1909) — May 20
(1917) ; ave. n records May 13.

Spring departure — May 16 (1902-1905) —
May 30 (1907) ; ave. 12 yrs. May 19.

220. Wilsonia canadensis Canada Warbler. Tol-
erably common transient.

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — May 9 (1909) — May 22
{1917), ave. 9 yrs. May 16.

Spring departure — May 16 (1896) — May 30
(1907-1917) ; ave. 6 yrs. May 22.

Fall arrival — Aug. 13 (1891) — Aug. 26 (1898) ;
ave. 2 yrs. Aug. 19.

Fall Departure — Aug. 31 (1891) — Sept. 8
(1898) ; ave. 2 yrs. Sept. 4.

221. Setophaga ruticilla Redstart. Common,
sometimes abundant, transient, and rare summer
resident. Dr. Warren thinks it probably breeds.
I found it present and in song at Berwyn on June
9, 16 and 27, 1907 (Wils. Bull., 61, 163), also
June 8, 1915, and while it probably bred, no nests
or young were found.

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — Apr. 27 (1911-1913) — May 8
(1895) J ave. 13 yrs. May 4.

Spring departure — May n (1895) — June I

IO4 The Ornithology of Chester County

(19101917) ; ave. 18 yrs. May 22.

Fall arrival — Aug. 8 (1914) — Sept. u (1893);
ave. 13 yrs. Aug. 27.

Fall departure — Sept. 6 (1897) — Oct. 3 (1894) J
ave. 12 yrs. Sept. 21.

222. Anthus rubtscens Pipit, "titlark." Irreg-
ular winter visitant. Montgomery observed a flock
of 100 individuals Apr. 14, 1888, and Pennock the
same number on Apr. u, 1912.

Arrival — Oct. 8 (1911) — Dec. 25 (1907-1911);
ave. 4 yrs. Nov. 18.

Departure — Mar. 20 (1908) — May 10 (1915) ;
ave. 10 yrs. Apr. 12.

223. Mimus polyglottos polyglottos Mockingbird.
Rare resident. Dr. Michener gives it as a summer
resident; Barnard took a nest and parent birds one
mile east of Kennett Square, and another specimen
was shot near the same place in 1872, according to
Pennock. From B. M. Everhart, Dr. Warren
learned that about 1859, several individuals built
nests and reared young for two or three consecu-
tive years in the thorn hedges on the property of the
Misses Bennett, West Chester. Several stragglers
have occurred: Eagle (Strafford) about 1880, col-
lected by D. N. McCadden (Stone, Bds. E. Pa.
and N. J., 142) ; Berwyn, one observed about my
yard from Nov. n to Dec. 2, 1909 (Redfield, Cass.,
xiv, 44) ; Kennett Square, Dec. 15, 1910, to Jan. 4,
1911, by C. J. Pennock; Westtown, Nov. and Dec.,
1914, by George Forsythe, and wintering at the same
place 1914-15, by Morris; and West Chester, Dec.
25, 1916, by Dr. Ehinger. That the species is still

Annotated List 105

with us as a breeder is proven by Isaac G. Roberts.
On June 25, 1915, he noticed a single individual
near Jennersville, just west of West Grove; and on
the 26th discovered the adults, nest and three young
which appeared to be but a few days old. On July
4 it was deserted. The nest was five feet up in a
small cedar, at the head of a lane close to the public
road, and not far from a tall osage hedge. A single
bird was observed near West Grove, Aug. 18 and
21, 1916, and Sept. 18, 1917 (Roberts MS.).

224. Dumetella carolinensis Catbird, "cattie,"
"catbird," "chickenbird." Abundant summer resi-
dent. Nidification begins about May 20; average
date for complete set, May 29.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. 22 (1905) — May 9 (1885-1886) ;
ave. 32 yrs. May 2.

Common — Apr. 27 (1902-1903-1913) — May 14
(1891-1901 ) ; ave. 29 yrs. May 6.

Bulk departure — Sept. 13 (1905) — Oct. 4
(1904) ; ave. 15 yrs. Sept. 25.

Last seen — Sept. 16 (1896) — Dec. I (1898);
ave. 25 yrs. Oct. 6.

225. Toxostoma rufrum Brown Thrasher,
"brown thrush," "thrasher," "thrush." Tolerably
common summer resident; occasional resident. A
single individual found wintering at Berwyn, Feb.
10, 19 and 21 ; Mar. 5 and 10, 1915; Mar. 25,
1916. Nidification begins about May 5; average
date for complete set, May 21.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. 5 (1910) — May 5 (1889); ave.

io6 The Ornithology of Chester County

24 yrs. Apr. 22.

Common — Apr. 24 (1916) — May 18 (1889);
ave. 13 yrs. May 4.

Bulk departure — Sept. 3 (1909) — Oct. i
(1915) ; ave. 4 yrs. Sept. 16.

Last seen — Sept. 12 (1903) — Oct. 26 (1889);
ave. 24 yrs. Sept. 29.

226. Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus Car-
olina Wren, "ground pewee," "wren." Resident;
most erratic, sometimes almost abundant in the fall ;
frequently scarce or absent. I have records of its
occurrence in all months in the year except January
and especially common in August and September, at
Berwyn, after several years of scarcity or absence;
during the seasons of 1902-06; after which it has
again become casual. It is a rather scarce breeder:
Jackson found it nesting in an outhouse at Edge's
mill, Beaver creek; in a shed at Edw. Swayne's
home, West Bradford, and near Laural station on
the Brandywine. Sharpies found a pair nesting in a
springhouse at Green Hill, 1912; Burn has found
but a single nest at Oxford, and Thomas a nest and
eggs in a chickenhouse at Kennett Square, summer
of 1912.

227. Thryomanes bewicki Bewick's Wren. Strag-
gler. Barnard classes it as very rare and Michener
as a resident. The only recent record is by Pennock,
Kennett Square, Apr. 19, 1903 (Cass., vii, 70).

228. Troglodytes aedon aedon House Wren,
"jackywren," "jennywren," "little wren." Common
summer resident. Nesting data: Berwyn, June I,
1892; six eggs. It is interesting to note in com-

Annotated List 107

parfson, that in eight instances where the first arrival
was observed at the home box (hence undoubted
local birds) the average date was Apr. 26; while
the first arrivals in the neighborhood for the same
years averaged six days earlier.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. 16 (1908) — May 6 (1904) ; ave.
24 yrs. Apr. 24.

Common — Apr. 18 (1896) — May 10 (1904);
ave. 21 yrs. Apr. 30.

Departure — Sept. 15 (1899) — Nov. 14 (1903);
ave. 20 yrs. Oct. 14.

229. Nannus hiemalis hiemalis Winter Wren.
Not common winter visitant; represented by record
of from one to four individuals on most winter lists.

Arrival — Oct. 5 (1894) — Nov. 15 (1913); ave.
7 yrs. Oct. 20.

Departure — Apr. n (1890) — May 2 (1915);
ave. 5 yrs. Apr. 25.

230. Cistothorus stellaris Short-billed Marsh
Wren. Rare summer resident. Barnard considered
it very rare, while Michener gave it as a frequent
summer resident. Warren has observed it as a sum-
mer resident but gives no dates, and Burn reports
it at Oxford.

231. Telmatodytes palustris palustris Long-billed
Marsh Wren. Rare summer resident; frequent in
Michener's time. Jackson and Ladd took a set of six
eggs from a marsh, at Lenape, June 12, 1886 (Orn.
and OoL, xii, 24).

232. Certhia familiaris familiaris Brown Creep-
er. Tolerable common winter visitant.

IO8 The Ornithology of Chester County

Arrival — Sept. 25 (1890) — Oct. 23 (1896) ; ave.
9 records Oct. 12.

Departure — Mar. 26 (1910) — May I (1914);
ave. 10 records Apr. 15.

233. Sitta carolinensis carolinensis White-breast-
ed Nuthatch, "sapsucker-," "woodpecker." Toler-
able common resident, less frequent in the nesting
season. Dr. W. E. Rotzell and the writer took
a set of nine eggs near Berwyn, Apr. 27, 1889.

234. Sitta canadensis Red-breasted Nuthatch,
"sapsucker." Not common transient.

Fall arrival — Sept. I (1903) — Sept. 25 (1915);
ave. 5 records Sept. 14.

Fall departure — Oct. 7 (1916) — Nov. 15
(1916); ave. 9 records Oct. 20.

Spring departure — Apr. 27 (1889) — May 10
(1916); ave. 5 records May 4.

235. Baolophus bicolor Tufted Titmouse, "blue-
bird," "little jay," "tit." Rare resident, noticed more
often during the spring migrations, especially Feb-
ruary, March and April. Wilson reports it a win-
ter or spring visitant in Highland Twp. ; Hunt has
dates for every month in the year in Honeybrook
and Nantmeal Twps. Jr.ckson informs me that
it undoubtedly breeds along the Brandywine below
Downingtown, but he has never actually located its
nest. Pennock, apparently, has found it breeding
but gives no dates ; Thomas found a nest at Kennett
Square in the summer of 1908, date not recorded.

236. Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus Chicka-
dee, "chickadee-dee," "sapsucker," "tit," "titmouse,"
"tomtit." Tolerable common winter visitant. All

Annotated List 109

our listmakers except Montgomery give it as resi-
dent and breeding; Hunt of Cupola, Wilson of
Gum Tree and Burn of Oxford, however, return
it as a winter visitant; which is in accord with the
observations of Stone, Montgomery and myself. It
is very erratic in arrival at Berwyn; Oct. 6 (1914)
to Jan. 13, (1903) ; and departing Mar. 5 (1903)
to May i (1904). From Oct. 12, 1913, to Apr. 7,
1914, it was really common at Berwyn, and is said
to have been present in unprecedented numbers at
West Chester. I took a pair in the Paoli barrens,
Dec. 10, 1892 (Nos. 362 and 363, coll. F. L. B.).

237. Penthestes carolinensis carolinensis Caro-
lina Chickadee, "Carolina titmouse," "sapsucker,"
"titmouse," "tit," "tomtit." Not common summer
resident. Dr. W. L. Hartman, formerly of West
Chester, now of Pittston; informs me that he took
six sets of four eggs each, in 1864 and 1865, and to
satisfy John Krider of Philadelphia that the nest
was that of the Carolina Chickadee, he shot the male
parent for him. I have found new nests near Ber-
wyn on May 6, 1888; May 16, 1889, and later
found pairs present, but no eggs have been taken.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Mar. i (1902) — Apr. 27 (1914) ; ave.
7 yrs. Mar. 21.

Departure — Oct. 17 (1901) — Dec. 10 (1902);
ave. 4 yrs. Nov. 8.

238. Regulus satrapa Golden-crowned Kinglet.
Abundant transient, and frequent winter resident in
sheltered situations.

Berwyn :

IIO The Ornithology of Chester County

Arrival — Sept. 24 (1898) — Nov. 30 (1890);
ave. 24 yrs. Oct. 9.

Departure — Mar. 14 (1899) — May 2 (1904-
1914) ; ave. 21 yrs. Apr. 23.

239. Regulus calundula calundula Ruby-crowned
Kinglet. Abundant transient.

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — Apr. 15 (1917) — Apr. 27
(1910); ave. 12 yrs. Apr. 21.

Spring departure — May 2 (1904) — May iS
(1905); ave. 6 yrs. May 9.

Fall arrival — Sept. 21 (1898-1901) — Oct. 15
(1896); ave. 14 yrs. Oct. 6.

Fall departure — Oct. 12 (1898) — Nov. 27
(1915) ; ave. 14 yrs. Oct. 26.

240. Polioptila cterula ceerula Blue-gray Gnat-
catcher. Straggler; Formerly a summer resident.
Michener considered it frequent in summer and
Barnard notes its arrival Apr. 15 to 25. The only
recent records are of one observed at Kennett
Square, Apr. 19, 1914, by Thomas (Cass., xviii,
61), and another at Berwyn, May 19-21, 1914, by
the writer.

241. Hylocichla mustehna Wood Thrush, "Peter
and Paul," "song thrush," "wood robin." Common,
in some localities, abundant ; summer resident. Nid-
ification begins about May 16; average date for
complete set, May 27.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Apr. n (1890) — May 9 (1885); ave.
33 yrs. May I.

Common — Apr. 30 (1890) — May 18 (1898);

Annotated List in

ave. 28 yrs. May 8.

Departure— Sept. 21 (1898)— Nov. 6 (1886);
ave. ii yrs. Oct. 7.

242. Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens Wilson's
Thrush, "Veery." Not common transient. Dr.
Montgomery has taken it only in spring, and I have
but one fall record, Sept. 19, 1893 (No. 421, coll.
F. L. B.).

Arrival — Apr. 30 (1905) — May 14 (1916); ave.
6 yrs. May 6.

Departure — May 16 (1916) — May 26 (1917);
ave. 4 yrs. May 21.

243. Hylocichla alicia bicknelli Bicknell's
Thrush. Rare transient. One was taken at West
Chester by Josiah Hoopes in 1893 (Stone, Bds. E.
Pa. and N. J., 150), and another at Berwyn in my
orchard while feeding on pokeberries, Oct. 6, 1915
(No. 1063, coll- F. L. B.) ; the first and second
county records.

244. Hylocichla ustulata ustulata Olive-backed
Thrush. Tolerable common transient.

Berwyn :

Spring arrival — Apr. 22 (1896) — May 4
( 1904) ; ave. 4 yrs. Apr. 28.

Spring departure — May 13 (1904-1906-1909) —
May 30 (1907) ; ave. 7 yrs. May 18.

Fall arrival — Sept. 20 (1895) — Sept. 26 (1897-
1903) ; ave. 3 yrs. Sept. 24.

Fall departure — Oct. 3 (1891) — Oct. 26
(1900) ; ave. 4 yrs. Oct. 12.

245. Hylocichla guttata guttata Hermit Thrush,
"wood robin." Common, sometimes rather abund-

112 The Ornithology of Chester County

ant, transient.

Spring arrival — Apr. 9 (1905) — Apr. 28
(1911) ; ave. 8 yrs. Apr. 19.

Spring departure — Apr. 27 (1900) — May 12
(1907) ; ave. 6 yrs. May 4.

Fall arrival — Sept. 12 (1913) — Oct. 8 (1915) ;
ave. 8 yrs. Sept. 26.

Fall departure — Oct. 9 (1890) — Nov. 14
(1903) ; ave. 19 yrs. Oct. 26.

246. Planesticus migratorius migratorius Robin,
"redbreast," "robin," "robin-redbreast." Abundant
summer resident; occasional resident. Nidification
usually commences by April 27, and nest is com-
pleted by April 30.

Berwyn :

Arrival— Feb. 7 (1912)— Mar. 17 (1888); ave.

32 yrs. Mar. 2.

Common — Feb. 21 (1906) — Apr. 5 (1895) '> ave.

33 yrs. Mar. 14.

Bulk departure — Oct. 7 (1903) — Nov. 5
(1907) ; ave. 27 yrs. Oct. 24.

Last seen — Oct. 27 (1915) — Dec. 3 (1891);
ave. 33 yrs. Nov. n.

247. Sialia Stalls sialis Bluebird. Tolerable com-
mon summer resident ; occasional resident. Nidifica-
tion begins about April 1 5 ; complete set April 30.

Berwyn :

Arrival — Jan. 17 (1901) — Mar. 25 (1912);
ave. 33 yrs. Feb. 19.

Common — Jan. 30 (1892) — Apr. 28 (1911);
ave. 29 yrs. Mar. 2.

Bulk departure — Oct. 7 (1915) — Nov. 15

Annotated List 113

(1894) J ave. 25 yrs. Oct. 30.

Last seen — Oct. 20 (1904) — Dec. 27 (1900);
ave. 32 yrs. Nov. 20.

SUMMARY

Resident (not necessarily in the individ-
ual sense) 26 species

Summer resident (including 17 species
that are occasional resident) .... 72

Winter visitant 26 "

Transient visitant (including 9 species
that are occasional winter visitant) 75

Straggler 42

Extirpated 6 "

Total 247

HYPOTHETICAL LIST

1. Mergus serrator Red-breasted Merganser (in-
cluded in Michener's later list without comment).

2. Nettion carolinensis Green-winged Teal (in-
cluded in Michener's later list without comment).

3. Marila marlla Scaup Duck (included in
Michener's later list without comment).

4. Marila collaris Ring-necked Duck (included
in Michener's later list without comment).

5. Harelda hy emails Old-squaw (included in
Michener's later list without comment).

6. Olor columbianus Whistling Swan (included
in Michener's later list without comment).

H4 The Ornithology of Chester County

7. Coturnicaps noveboracensis Yellow Rail (in-
cluded in Michener's later list without comment).

8. Lobipes lobatus Northern Phalarope (included
in Michener's later list without comment).

9. Macrorhamphus griscus griscus Dowitcher (in-
cluded in Michener's later list without comment).

10. Pisobia maculata Pectoral Sandpiper (in-
cluded in Michener's later list without comment).

11. Pelidna alpina alpina Dunlin (included in
Michener's later list without comment).

12. Numenius americanus Long-billed Curlew
(included in Michener's later list without comment)

13. ftLgialitis meloda Piping Plover (reported by
Harry Wilson to have occurred in Highland Twp.
about 1900).

14. Surma ulula caparoch Hawk Owl (reported
as occurring at Oxford, by Casper G. Burn).

15. Carduelis carduelis European Goldfinch (re-
ported seen at Westtown, Aug. 19, 1912, by Sarah
C. DeHaven).

1 6. Hylocichla alicia alicitz Gray-cheeked
Thrush (appears on several manuscript lists, and
Michener in his first list gives it as very rare, doubt-
ful).

Photo by A. C. Redfield

YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT ON

NEST

Photo by T. H. Jackson

KENTUCKY WARBLER NEST AND EGGS

PART III

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FAUNAL LISTS

BARNARD, VINCENT. A Catalogue of the
Birds of Chester County, Pennsylvania, with Their
Times of Arrival in Spring, from Observations An-
nually for Ten Successive Years. (Fifteenth) Ann.
Report Smithsonian Inst. (for 1860), pp. 434-438,
(191 species).

MICHENER, E., M. D., Avondale; Penn'a.
Agricultural Ornithology. Insectivorous Birds of
Chester County, Pennsylvania. Report of Com'r
of Agriculture for 1863, pp. 287-307, ( 186 species,
land birds only).

P(HILLIPS), C. F. Birds of Southern Penn-
sylvania. Forest and Stream, vi, 5, Mar. 9, 1876,
p. 67, (21 species, mostly in vicinity of Kennett
Square).

^ WARREN, B. HARRY. The Birds of Chester
County, Pa. Forest and Stream, xiii, 1879, pp.
1024-1025; xiv, 1880, pp. 6 and 25, (218 species).
^M(ICHENER), E(ZRA). Birds of Chester
County, Penna. History of Chester County, Penn-
sylvania. By T. Smith Futhey and Gilbert Cope,
Philadelphia, 1881, pp. 441-445, (232 species).

WARREN, B. HARRY, West Chester, Pa.
Diurnal Rapacious Birds (With special reference
to Chester County, Pa.) Penna. Agri. Report for
1883, pp. 96-109, (10 species).

WARREN, B. H. Our Home Feathered Tribe.
A Complete List of the Birds that Sing, Warble,

Il6 The Ornithology of Chester County

Carol, Twitter, Nest and Help Make Up Charm-
ing Chester County. West Chester Local News,
Sept. 3 and 10, 1885. (80 species, resident and
summer resident).

PENNOCK, C. J., Prepared by; Kennett
Square, Pa. The Birds of Chester County. 2Qth
and 3Oth Quarterly Reports of the Pennsylvania
Board of Agriculture, October, November and
December, 1885, January, February and March,
1886. Harrisburg, Edwin K. Meyers, State Prin-
ter. 1886. pp. 78-91. (236 species).

PENNOCK, C. J., Prepared by; Birds of Ches-
ter County, Penn. The Oologist, vol. 4, no. I, Jan.
and February, 1887, pp. i-io. (236 sp.).

RESSEL, CYRUS B. (Ercildoun, Pa.) Birds of
Chester County, Penn. Ornithologist and Oologist,
xiv, July-Sept., 1889, pp. 97-101, 113-116,
129-130, and 158 and 175 for criticism. (199
species ) .

JACKSON, THOMAS H. West Chester, Pa.
Notes on the Owls of Chester County, Pa. The
Kansas City Scientist, v. I, Jan., 1891, pp. /-J.
(8 species).

BURNS, FRANK L. Some remarks on the
"Birds of Chester Count}, Pa." Wilson Bulletin,
No. 12, Jan. 30, 1897, PP- J~4> and No. 22, Sept.
30, 1898, pp. 68-69.

MONTGOMERY, THOS. H., M. D. A List
of the Birds of the Vicinity of West Chester, Ches-
ter County, Pennsylvania. The American Natur-
alist, xxxi, 1897, PP- 622-628, 811-814 and 908-
911. (145 species).

Bibliography of Fauna! Lists 117

BURNS, FRANK L. A Sectional Bird Census.
Taken at Berwyn, Chester County, Pennsylvania,
During the Seasons of 1899, 1900 and 1901. The
Wilson Bulletin No. 37, Dec., 1901, pp. 84-103.
(62+20 species).

BURNS, FRANK L. Second Sectional Bird
Census, 1914, Taken at Berwyn, Chester County,
Pennsylvania. Bird-Lore, xvii, Mar.-Apr., lOij,
pp. 1 00- 1 1 1. (60+20 species).
^ BURN, CASPAR G. MS. "Local Birds of
Southern Chester County, Pa." (Oxford and vicin-
ity; received Mar. i, 1916; 102 species).

THOMAS, C. AUBREY. MS. Bird List and
Migration Record for 1907-1915, Taken in the
Vicinity of Kennett Square. (This includes some
of the Pennock records for the same period, Receiv-
ed Mar. 28, 1916; 153 species).
^ WILSON, H. MS. "Birds of Western Chester
County, Pa." Dated Mar. 2 and Apr. 6, 1916.
(Mostly the rarer birds of Highland township; 35
species).

HUNT, CHRESWELL J. MS. "Birds of
Honeybrook and West Nantmeal Townships, Ches-
ter County, Pa." Feb. 9, 1917. (Principally a list
of the breeding birds of the upper branches of the
Brandywine creek and the Welsh mountain region
in the vicinity of Cupola and Honeybrook, observed
during the vacations of 1901 to 1909 inclusive;
97 species).

NOTES

SI am

ofthriocaof
rof A

Caprs, Haii Apr. 2«, 17*5; « - Nor T«k
27, 1851-

Say, k fill i.lii'i J^y 27. '7»7; ^-
r, IW_ Oct. i<x 1854^

k. fUaieWho, Ott. 10,
1809; 4. Wasfa^too, D. C, FA 6t 1851.

OU an

TWifiaB Price T
5, 1813; A. West

TPL, Mar. 24, 1818; iL W

k West Choaa; 1819; A.
Twpu Bab €4^ liar. 7v 1887.
119

I2O The Ornithology of Chester County

15George Archibold McCall, b. Philadelphia,
Mar. 16, 1802; d. West Goshen Twp., Feb. 25,
1868.

"Edward Drinker Cope, b. Philadelphia, July
28, 1840; d. Philadelphia, Apr. 12, 1897.

17 Joseph Webster Sharp, b. Yorkshire, England,
1828; d. Berwyn, Mar. 31, 1908.

18Willis Price Hazard, b. Hunteville, Ala., July
22, 1825; d. Seccane, Delaware Co., Feb. 18, 1912.

19Graceanna Lewis, b. West Vincent Twp., Aug.
3, 1821 ; d. Media, Delaware Co., Feb. 26, 1912.

"Natural History of Birds, | Lectures on Orni-

thology
Part I.

in Ten Parts, | By | Grace Anna Lewis
"The little birds sang East, and the

little birds sang West— | TOLL SLOWLY! | And
but little thought was theirs, of the silent antique
years, | In the building of their nest." | — | J. A. Ban-
croft & Co. | 512 Arch St., Philadelphia. | I2mo.,
pp. (i)-32.

"Mrs. John Oberholtzer, nee Vickers, b. Uwch-
lan Twp., May 20, 1841.

"Vincent Barnard, b. East Marlsborough Twp.,
Aug. 27, 1825; d. Kennett Square, Apr. 25, 1871.

23Ezra Michener, b. London Grove Twp., Nov.
24, 1794; d. New Garden, June 24, 1887.

"Christopher D. Wood, d. Philadelphia, Oct.
15, 1889, in his 47th year.

25Harry Garrett, b. Willistown Twp., Sept n,
1838; d. West Chester, June 25, 1904.

26Josiah Hoopes, b. West Chester, Nov. 9, 1832;
d. West Chester, Jan. 16, 1904.

27Evan Jackson Darlington, b. Chester Co., Aug.

Notes 121

31, 1856; d. Wilmington, Del., Aug. 7, 1915.

28Jonathan Hoopes Matlack, b. near West Ches-
ter, Sept. 28, 1832; d. West Chester, Jan. I, 1916.

29Bernard Adolphus Hoopes, d. New Mexico,
1896.

30John Krider, b. Philadelphia, Feb. 17, 1813; d.
Philadelphia, Nov. 12, 1886.

31George Williamson Roberts, b. East Bradford
Twp., July 17, 1865; d. East Bradford Twp., Aug.

29, 1913-

32Moses Pennock Barnard, b. Kennett Square,
Oct. 24, 1860; d. Kennett Square, Jan. I, 1898.

33William Smedley Hall, b. Willistown Twp.,
July 26, 1866, d. Willistown Twp., Jan. 6, 1890.

34Willett Enos Rotzell, b. Philadelphia, June 19,
1871 ; d. Philadelphia, July 16, 1913.

35Joseph Parker Norris, b. Philadelphia, Nov. 3,
1847; d. Philadelphia, Mar. 17, 1916.

36Charles John Pennock, b. Kennett Square, Nov.
18, 1857; disappeared May 15, 1913.

37Since Dr. Warren in his later works has also
accepted Michener's hypothetical species, it is in-
teresting to observe how easily an evident error can
be perpetuated. In the instance of M.g.grieseus
Dowitcher, in which he gave Michener (1881) as
his authority for its occurrence in Chester county
(Bds. Pa., 235), and a year or so later, no doubt
with the above in mind; stated that specimens had
been taken (Ibid. 2nd ed., 83), and in 1892, Stone
gives Warren's later statement as his authority for a
Chester county record (Bds. E. Pa. and N. J., 72).

38Thomas Harrison Montgomery, b. New York,

122 The Ornithology of Chester County

Mar. 5, 1873; d. Philadelphia, Mar. 19, 1912.

39Francis Windle, b. West Marlborough Twp. ;
d. West Chester, Feb. 24, 1917, in his 72nd year.

40Alexander Wilson observed that one was shot
a few years ago (prior to 1814) on the borders of
the Schuylkill river, below Philadelphia. No doubt
this is the authority for Turnbull's record. The
breeding female reported taken near Phoenixville,
was really shot near a herony on the Perkiomen
creek in Montgomery county, Apr. 4, 1892. It is
worthy of note that all these State records have
been made not far apart.

41Cf. Coues and Prentiss in their list of land birds
1 of the District of Columbia, Ann. Rep. Board of
Regents Smith. Inst. for the year 1861, p. 415, for
similar record.

"According to B. M. Everhart of West Chester,
there were seen in Chester county at irregular in-
tervals between 1852 and 1854 tne true Aluda
arvensis Skylark from a flock liberated near Wil-
mington, Del. Cf. Warren, Bds. Pa., 1890, p. 198.

43Dr. Chapman in a series of 51 breeding males
taken at West Chester by Dr. B. H. Warren and
G. W. Roberts, found two specimens almost typical
of Q. q. aglaus Florida Crackle. Cf. Bull. N. Y.
Mus. Nat. Hist., iv, 12.

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