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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS BULLETIN

ISSUED WEEKLY

VOL. XI January 13, 1914 No. »

[Entered as second-class matter December 11, 1912, at the post-office at Urbana, Illinois, under the act of August 24, 1912]

ILLINOIS MINERS' AND MECHANICS' INSTITUTES

R. Y. WILLIAMS, DIRECTOR

BULLETIN No. 2

OUTLINE OF PROPOSED METHODS

PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA, ILLINOIS

The Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes were established by act of the State Legislature, Senate Bill No. 259, approved May 25, 1911. An appropriation of $15,000.00 per annum to carry out this authorization was included in House Bill No. 895, approved June 30, 1913.

The purpose of the Institutes, as stated in the act, is "to prevent accidents in mines and other industrial plants and to conserve the resources of the state. "

In the development of this purpose, any and all means may be employed which promise "to promote the technical efficiency of all persons working in and about the mines and other industrial plants and to assist them to better overcome the increasing difficulties of mining and other industrial employments.''

The administration of the Institutes is vested in the Trustees of the University. The Trustees have appointed a Director and have placed the Institutes under the general supervision of the Department of Mining Engineering of the University of Illinois.

For copies of bulletins, or other information, address the Di- rector, Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes, Urbana, Illinois.

ILLINOIS MINERS' AND MECHANICS' INSTITUTES

R. Y. WILLIAMS, DIRECTOR

BULLETIN No. 2

OUTLINE OF PROPOSED METHODS

PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA, ILLINOIS

OUTLINE OF PROPOSED METHODS 3

*

Introduction.

In Illinois, there are 79,411 men working in and about the coal mines. Only two other states have a larger production of coal than has Illinois, and in no other state is there as much unmined bitumi- nous coal as there is in this state. Recognizing the importance of the coal industry in the present as well as the future development of Illinois, the State Legislature has enacted a number of laws to prevent accidents to the miners and to conserve the natural resources.

The Illinois Miners ' and Mechanics ' Institutes, established by the 47th session of the Legislature, was given authority to plan and power to execute any and all means "to promote the technical efficiency of persons working in and about the mines, and to assist them to better overcome the increasing difficulties of mining." Every man about the mines, therefore, should look upon these Institutes with a sense of proprietorship and should be sufficiently interested to inquire into the details of this endeavor and to offer suggestions for improve- ments that will make for safety and efficiency at the coal mines.

This preliminary bulletin gives an outline of the methods that can be made to accomplish the purpose for which the Institutes were established. Success can be obtained only with the hearty co-opera- tion of the men at the mines. It makes no difference what may be a man's age, education, or practical experience, there are interesting fields of investigation with which he is not familiar. The mine manager, who has forced his way to the top of the ladder at a par- ticular mine, should realize that other ladders lead higher than those he has climbed and that he must show results before he can become general manager. If after becoming general manager he considers his goal won and fails to progress further, he will soon find that a more progressive man has superseded him.

After reaching a position of responsibility, a man owes to his fellows a certain interest in their advancement and should look upon it as a duty to give of his experience to others.

The aim of the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes is not only to increase a knowledge of the science of mining and to in- terpret fundamental principles, but is also to offer a clearing house for the exchange of practical methods, to increase the earning power of the miner and the efficiency of the company man, and to safeguard life and property.

4 ILLINOIS MINERS' AND MECHANICS' INSTITUTES

The general methods which will be adopted have been modeled after those that have been used most successfully in other states and countries. Special details must be worked out to make their applica- tion of the greatest benefit under the conditions which exist in Illi- nois. Attention should be called to the fact that the mines in this state are scattered over a large territory and that the expense of reaching all of them will be too great for the present appropriation. An endeavor will be made to concentrate the work on those methods which will accomplish immediate results.

Friend Reader; after you have looked through this pamphlet, please drop a line to the Director of the Illinois Miners' and Me- chanics' Institutes and give him the benefit of your suggestions. He is intensely interested in this new work; he wants the Institutes to be of maximum service to the miner and to be their best friend. So send in your criticism, and do not fail to give a substitute suggestion for the features you do not like.

The outline of methods proposed for carrying out the work of the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes may be grouped under the following heads;

1. Two-year course of systematic instruction at mining centers.

2. Short course at the University.

3. Unit courses in mining towns.

4. Co-operation with existing organizations.

a. With the State Mining Board and Inspectors.

b. With the Mine Rescue Commission.

c. With miners' locals.

d. With the United States Bureau of Mines.

e. With high schools and public schools.

f . With libraries in mining towns.

g. With first aid or other local organizations.

5. Special activities.

a. Organization of local institutes.

b. Question and answer department.

c. Traveling libraries, laboratory equipment, etc.

d. Work for non-English speaking miners.

e. Correspondence courses.

OUTLINE OF PROPOSED METHODS

1. Two-year course of systematic instruction at mining centers.

The general mining law of Illinois requires that all state mine inspectors, mine managers, mine examiners and hoisting engineers shall be certified by the State Mining Board as having passed ex- aminations as to their practical and technical knowledge of different phases of the development and operation of coal mines. It is one of the primary aims of the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes to lend assistance to men who are ambitious to prepare themselves for these positions of responsibility.

It is recognized that a man who works hard at the face is unable to study for long concentrated periods without becoming discouraged. It is, therefore, planned to have the general course, which is de- signed to cover all the practical details required in the examination by the State Mining Board, extend over two years, so that a man who receives a certificate from the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes should be able to pass the examinations of that Board.

By extending the course over two years, a man is able to con- tinue full time at work while obtaining the required technical knowl- edge. In this way he is increasing his practical experience and ob- taining the necessary knowledge of the theory of mining, both of which will be of advantage to him in the position of enlarged re- sponsibility for which he is striving.

This course should not be limited to men who desire state cer- tificates. The man who is dissatisfied to remain all his life familiar with only one part of mining, and wants to have a general knowledge that will permit him to choose those jobs underground which will yield him the maximum return for his efforts; the man who wants to know the best and safest methods that have been devised for any particular purpose; and the man who has ingenuity for suggesting new ideas, will find that this course will be of great practical benefit.

Men who take this course will be identified with the progressive movement for safer and saner mining in Illinois. Those who show ability in this work will find that their services will be made of greater value, and that they will be sought out for the desirable positions about the mines. Twenty years ago, it was said that anyone could farm, and that anyone could mine coal. While these statements are still true, the men who are today successful in farming and in mining are the men who have recognized the necessity of combining prac- tical experience and technical knowledge to fit them for their strug- gle to the top. The Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes will watch with interest the progress of the men receiving certificates and will do everything possible to further their advancement.

In conducting this course, the Institutes will endeavor to secure from among the qualified men at the mine those who will have charge

6 ILLINOIS MINERS' AND MECHANICS' INSTITUTES

of the instruction along strictly practical lines, and to furnish in addition a man technically and practically trained who will devote his whole time to the work and who will, in addition to his work as instructor, review all current news items, digest the more important methods applicable to coal mining, and present them to the evening meetings so that the work may be kept strictly up-to-date.

The course itself will be handled differently from the usual method of teaching, getting as far as possible from the idea of a class room and consisting more of general discussions of the subjects, where the instructor acts as the chairman of the meeting. Subjects for discussion will be announced in advance, reference books will be available at the local headquarters of the Institutes, and the men, as well as the instructors, will prepare themselves for a general consid- eration of the subject and for an exchange of ideas.

Such fundamental and elementary subjects as chemistry, me- chanics, physics, drawing and English composition will be considered in connection with their application to the different phases of the development and operation of coal mines.

It is planned in each place to hold two meetings each week and to spend two hours at each meeting. If a man taking this course will spend a like amount of time at home or in the mine thinking about the subjects under consideration, he should be able to receive certificates both from the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes and from the State Mining Board. In addition, he will "know that he knows " the general principles of coal mining and will be better qualified for positions of trust and responsibility.

THE INSTITUTE CALENDAR 1914-1915

AS APPLICABLE TO

The Two-Year Course. First Term — 14 weeks:

February 2, 1914, to May 9, 1914. Examination period, May 11 to 15.

Second Term — 14 weeks:

October 5, 1914, to January 23, 1915. (Christmas Vacation, Dec. 20 to Jan. 3.) Examination period, January 25 to 29.

Third Term— 14 weeks:

February 1, 1915, to May 8, 1915. Examination period, May 10 to 14.

Fourth Term — 14 weeks.

October 4, 1915, to January 22, 1916. (Christmas Vacation, Dec. 19 to Jan. 2.) Examination period, January 24 to 28.

OUTLINE OP PROPOSED METHODS

List of subjects and the time devoted to each subject in the two- year course.

Group	Number of course	Subject	Number of Evening Sessions
		Mpthods of mining. .........	10
A	2	Timbering	5
		Ventilation • •	8
B	4 5	Mine gases and safety lamps. Special underground rooms . .	5 2
0	6 7	Geology Surveying	5 10
	8	Coal, a fuel	5 5
	10	Steam	5
	]_]_		7
E	12	Haulage	8
P	13 14	Fire protection Electricity	5 10
G	15 16	Drainage Explosives	6 9
		Review Total	7 112

The subjects in the above list have been arranged in seven groups, each of which will require fifteen evening sessions for lectures and dis- cussions and one session for review, or a total of eight weeks for the completion of the courses in any group. A person interested in min- ing may enroll for any number of these groups and will receive credit for the work accomplished.

Group "D," "E" and "F" have been specially designed to assist a person who intends to apply for certification as hoisting en- gineer.

Safety, efficiency, conservation, and the state mining law, will be considered in their special application to each of the above topics.

First aid and rescue work will be given in co-operation with the Mine Rescue Commission.

The following complete schedule of the two-year course shows in detail the topics considered under the subjects.

ILLINOIS MINERS' AND MECHANICS' INSTITUTES

1. Methods of Mining.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Systems of mining Boom and pillar Longwall Panel Modifications in case of Steep pitches Clay veins	Mine mapping Explanation of Plan Elevation Sections Sketch the Placing of shots	Measurement of Length Area Volume Fractions; above measurements to be expressed in vulgar and	Specific gravity of coal Pressure of roof per square inch Compression on pillars, props Tension on collars	Given typical min- ing conditions, Report on some suitable mine plan Summary of Advantages and Disadvantages
Very soft coal		decimal	and beams	of machine min-
Flushing		fractions		ing
Surface subsidence		Percentage of	Loss of energy in compressed air
Undercutting		recovery to be	due to
By hand		calculated	Heat developed
By machine		Proportion of	under com-
Electric Compressed air Pneumelectric		undercutting to total height and to tonnage pro-	pression Increase of vol- ume because
Shooting off solid		duced	of the heat
Methods of advancing in Narrow work			Friction of air in pipes
Wide work
Long wall face
		1

2. — Timbering.

Mining Practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Classification of mine timber	Plan, elevation	Calculate	Tension and com-	Beport on the
Strength Weight Elasticity Life Cost	section of Part of hoisting shaft Timber sets	Breaking load and Safe working load for	pression Growth of bacteria causing dry rot in wood	means for han- dling props at local mine
		Timber collars 1VAlua»uu WUBIUJS
Methods of timbering		Bound section t;,nh«r
Booms Entries		Square sec- lion
Shafts
Bottoms		Bectangular
Special		section
Preservation of timber by		Timber props
Water		Bound sec-
Salt solution		tion
Sulphate of copper Sulphate of iron		Square sec- tion
Chloride of zinc Creosote Whitewashing		Bectangular section
Carbolineum
Tar
Steel "timbering"
Comparison with wood as to
Strength
Life
Cost
Use
Recovery of timber
Methods
Safeguards	-

OUTLINE OF PROPOSED METHODS

«*

3. Ventilation.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Practical notes on	Precise plan, ele-	Measurement of	Power applied	Description of
Fans Settings and housings Arrangements for reversing the air Quantity produced under given water gauge Conducting air to the face in Longwall mines Room and pillar mines Overcasts	vation and sec- tion of Fan housing Sketches of Stoppings Overcasts Regulators	Air currents Temperature Humidity Barometer Water gauge Derivation and use of the Ventilation formulas Splitting formulas	Mine resistance Velocity produced Kinetic theory Evaporation Condensation Temperature Humidity Dew point Latent heat Specific heat	Overcasts Stoppings Explanation of Humidifi cation Water gauge Anemometer
Construction			Specific gravity
Cost			Density
Advantages
Stoppings
First cost
Maintenance
Renewals
Emergency repairs
Cost of air leaks
Doors
Construction
Automatic doors
Regulators
Construction
Maintenance
Handling noxious gases
Dilution with air
Piping to surface
Sealing old works		'
Methods of humidification
Water car
Calcium Chloride
Water hose
Sprays
Steam
Exhaust
Live

10

ILLINOIS MINERS' AND MECHANICS' INSTITUTES

4. Mine Gases and Safety Lamps.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Practical notes on mine gases	Sketch an	Calculation of	Chemistry of	Describe a given
Oxygen Nitrogen Methane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide	Orsatt apparatus	percentages of various gases in given vol- ume of venti- lating current	Mine gases The underlying principle of safety lamps Oxidation	safety lamp
Ethane Sulphureted hydrogen Sulphur dioxide Testing mine air			Diffusion Laws of Temperature Pressure
with			Volume
Safety lamps Canary birds			Transpiration
Mice
Pigeons
Chemicals
Safety Lamps
Types of lamps
Use of lamps
Care of lamps
Laboratory tests
Electric lamps
Safety
Cost
Recharging

5. Special Underground Rooms.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Practical notes	Draw an escape	Calculate cost	Principles under-	Recommendations
on the Design Lighting	map, showing size and loca- tion of special	per ton for maintenance of hospital	lying suffoca- tion	for an under- ground hospital
Heating	rooms
Equipment
Location of the following
rooms
Manager's office
Lamp room
Motor or tool shop
Refuge chambers

OUTLINE OF PROPOSED METHODS

11

6. Geology.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Classification of rocks Geological formations Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks	Sketches of rolls faults, etc. Drawing of Columnar sections	Measurement at the face of the coal Combination of several measure- ments to find	Chemical elements Useful and pre- cious minerals — their origin, occurrence and distribution	Description of geological con- ditions in a particular coal district in Illi- nois
Carboniferous formation Coal formations	Symbols for Various strata	the average for the bed	Some simple chemical reac-
Classification of Illinois coals	"Use and interpre-	Nature of a vari- able	tions
Records of wells, etc.	Contour lines	From measure-
Explanation of terms Strike		ment of bed, find tonnage per acre in
Dip		place and re-
Fault Cleat		coverable
Cleavage
Faces and Butts, etc.
Useful minerals
associated with coal
Ferns, fossils, etc.
Quantity of coal
In Illinois
Particular counties
Prospecting
Mountainous country
Flat country

7. Surveying.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Use and adjustments of Compass Transit Y-level	Mapping Mine workings Surface prop- erty	Elementary Trigonometry Sine Cosine	Magnetism Magnetic de- clination Gravity	Suggest an equipment for mine surveying
Level rods	Plotting Protractor	Tangent Calculations to	Pendulum in shaft plumb-
Keeping notes of	Coordinates	reduce field	ing
Angles		notes to map
Horizontal distance		data
Vertical distance
Inclined distance
Side notes	-_
Practical methods
with or without instruments of
Turning angles
Setting out curves
Putting up sights
Shaft plumbing
Underground string illumination
Special underground problems
in surveying
Interpretation of mine maps
contours, etc.

12

ILLINOIS MINERS' AND MECHANICS' INSTITUTES

8. Coal, a Fuel.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Classification of coals Anthracite Semi-Anthracite Semi-Bituminous Bituminous Lignites	Fire box of a boiler Shale barrier installation	Work out ex- amples as to heat value of coals from chemical analysis	Chemical element* in coal Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Theory of com-	Describe The propagation of a coal dust explosion Compare Anthracite and
Peat			bustion	Bituminous
Relative value of steam coals			Proximate an-	coals
determined by			alysis for de-
Chemical analysis Combustion in calorimeter Trial in steam boiler			termining Moisture Volatile matter
			Fixed carbon
Different furnaces for different			Ash
coals
			Determinations
Practical notes on the prepara-			for
tion of coal			Sulphur
Screening			B. t. u.
Washing Coking Briquetting			Specific gravity of coal
By-products Weathering of coal
Dust explosions
Conditions
Methods of rendering dust
inert
Water
Slate barriers
Loading out dust
Testing relative dangers of
different coal dusts

9. Surface Plant.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Grouping of buildings Design of buildings Type of construction for Tipples	Design of Powder house Sunken oil tank	Calculations for foundations Tipples Engines Buildings	Strength of materials Compression and tension Timber	Report on Fire hazards at local mine
Engine room Boiler plant		Reduce the first cost of the sur-	Iron Steel
Smith and carpenter shops		face plant to	Brick
Tool and supply house		the cost per ton	Cement mortar
Oil storage Powder house Superintendent and engineer's office Stable and stable supply house			Cordage Wire ropes Limestone Sandstone Concrete
			Effect of heat and
General yard arrangement			cold
Empty R. R. tracks
Loaded R. R. tracks
Mine car tracks
Coal storage
Fire protection
Design and grouping of
buildings
Water supply
Chemical extinguishers

OUTLINE OP PROPOSED METHODS

13

10. Steam.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Types of boilers	Draw a	Calculations on	British thermal	Report on a
Cylindrical Flue Tubular Water tube Special forms	Plan Elevation and Section of a Boiler setting	Coal per hour Horsepower Heating surface Grate area Size of pipes Flow of steam	unit Specific heat of steam Latent heat of steam	Boiler explosion
Efficiency depends on Material Workmanship Design Ratio of heating surface and grate-surface to horsepower Settings		through pipes Chimney dimen- sions Cost of horse- power per hour and per annum	Meaning of Dry steam Wet steam Saturated steam Superheated steam
High pressure Suitability of fuel			Relationship of Grate area to
Chimneys	"		heating sur- face
Construction			Heating surface
Area			to horsepower
Height			Coal per horse-
Stability			power
Boiler explosions			Laws of Evapora-
Causes			tion
Preventatives			Flow of steam
Smoke prevention			through pipes
Proper design
Mechanical stokers
Coke firing
Down draft
Baffle plates
Air flues in side wall
Scale incrustation
Causes
Methods of preventing
Removal
Transmission of steam
Size of pipes
Loss in heat due to		» •	'
Friction
Radiation
Pipe coverings
Expansion joints
Water traps
Care of boilers
Practical notes on
Firing
Cleaning
Inspecting, etc.

14

11. Hoisting.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Details of installation Cages Platform Self -dump ing Skips Buckets	Draw Hoisting en- gine founda- tion from measurements Draw shaft	Horse power re- quired to raise a given load at given speed, dead load and in balance	Fractional resist- ance in Drum Sheave Guides Engine	Report a fatality due to break in hoisting cable Explain hoisting in balance
Guides	bottom ar-	Calculate	Mechanics
Wire rope Wood	rangements	Size of engine Size of drum	Force Unit of force
Steel Cage rests Bottom landing Surface landing Sheave wheels		Speed of cage Speed of pis- ton Strains, due to slack rope	Inertia Newton's law of motion Parallelogram of forces
Size
Bearings, etc.
Wire ropes
Size, etc.
Strength
Life			•
Lubrication
Method of signalling
Pull wire
Pneumatic
Electric
Signals from cage
Hoisting engine
Foundations
Size and H. P.
Discussion of several types
Hoisting indicator
Hoisting drum
Cylindrical
Conical
Safety features
vs. Overwinding
Safety gates
Safety catches
Detaching hooks
Cut-off gears
Cage speed
Caging facilities
Arrangement of roads on
bottom and top .
Car dogs
Steam rams
Holmes' hoist
Counterbalancing
Tapering rope
Counterpoise system
Loaded wagon system
Endless rope system
Flat ropes
Conical drums
Koepe system
Whiting system
Shaft sinking

OUTLINE OF PROPOSED METHODS

15

12. Haulage.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Types and care of haulage	Sketch details of	Under given con-	Resistance of car	Report on
Mule	Trackage	ditions, calcu-	to motion due	A motor wreck
Electric motor Compressed air locomotive Gasoline locomotive Steam locomotive Wire rope Gravity plane Engine plane Tail rope Endless rope Cable tramway Trackage Gauge Weight of rails Ties	arrangements Plan, elevation of a rail joint Profile of haul- age grades	late Drawbar pull Pull on the rope Horsepower for Engine on an engine plane Motor haul- age	to Roller friction Gravity Principles of Pulley, used in the car shops Lever, illustrated by placing derailed car on track Wheel, on mine cars Inclined plane or grade of road	A mine car accident Facts to be given and student to write a re- port in good grammatical form showing Introduction Statement Cause Result Conclusions Suggestions
Fish plates and bonds
Curves
Grades
Alignment
Switches
Surfacing
Ballast
Signals
Trolley wire installation
Care of roads
Cleaning roads
Drainage
Clearances for safety of men
Protection of trolley wire
Lighting system
Dampening the dust
Prevention of falls
Mine cars
Wheel base
Design of body wheels and
couplings
Life of wood-steel combina-
tions
Lubrication
Brakes

16

ILLINOIS MINERS' AND MECHANICS' INSTITUTES

13. Fire Protection.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Protection of surface plant	Plan of surface	Calculate size of	Principles of	How to save
Classification of building materials Non- combustible Fire resistive Inflammable Grouping of	plant	equipment for fighting fire with water Storage ca- pacity Head of water Pipe lines	combustion Cooling effects of water Smothering and cooling effects of chemicals	yourself in case of a mine fire
Buildings		Hydrants Hose lines
Yard cleaning
Removal of brush, etc.
Disposal of waste
Fire fighting
Water storage, piping and
equipment
Chemicals
Protection of underground
workings
Consideration of types of
construction with cost
data for fire proof, fire
resistant, and inflamma-
ble construction
Handling and storing of com-
bustibles
Hay
Oils
Explosives
Cotton waste
Protection of
Steam pipes
Electric wires
Rescue chambers
Number
Design
Location
Equipment
Gob-fires protection
Fire fighting methods
by
Smothering
Sealing off
Flooding
Loading out
Flushing
Fire alarms
Telephone best
Alarm duty
Escape maps
Rescue corps
Handled by Mine Rescue
Commission

OUTLINE OF PROPOSED METHODS R

17

14. Electricity.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Application to coal mines for Lighting Signalling Telephoning	Sketch wiring for Bell circuit for lighting cir- cuit	Calculation of Size of cables Drop in voltage H P & Watts	Relationship be- tween Practical units Ampere	Describe the an- alogy between the flow of wa- ter and electric-
Blasting Pumping Haulage	for trolley wires	Amperes Ohms Volts	Volt Ohm Watt	ity
Coal cutting Ventilating fans Conveyors Hoisting, etc.	Draw a Conductor Electric switch		Analogies be- tween the flow of water and electricity
Central station equipment
Dynamo
Direct current			^
Alternating current
Armature		»
Insulation	, . ~-i- -
Commutation
Design of brushes
Switchboard
Wiring
Switches
Circuit breakers
Instruments
Voltmeters
Ammeters
Wattmeters
Leakage detectors
Transmission of current
Insulators
Aerial conductors				\
Transformers
High tension
Low tension
Taking wires down shaft.
Underground installation
Cables
Kind and size for different
use
Motors
Method of rendering them
flame proof
Earthing of systems
Distribution of lights
Conductors
Care of machines
underground and making of
simple repairs

18

15. Drainage.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Science	English
Methods of drainage	Sketch pipe lines	Formula for flow	Hydrostatics	Report on the ad-
Gravity Siphon	on the mine map	of water through pipes	When a pres- sure is ex-	visability of driving a tun-
Pump Water buckets Practical notes on various pumps run by Steam	Plan, elevation and section of a Mine dam Piston rod of pump	Ratio of steam and water cyl- inders in direct acting pumps Theoretical capac-	erted on any part of the surface of a liquid, that pressure is transmitted	nel one mile through a hill to a valley of lower level in order to de- water a mine
Compressed air .		ity of pumps	undiminished	of acid water
Electricity Kinds of pumps		Horsepower re- quired to raise water	to all parts of the mass, and in all direc-	Describe a mine dam installation
Reciprocating			tions
Single cylinder Duplex Centrifugal Vacuum pump			Equilibrium of liquids Pressure of
Jet pump			liquids
Injector			Weight of water
Hydraulic ram Air-lift pump			Transmission of pressure
Flow of water through			through water
Pipes			Pressure in pipes
Tunnels			Hydraulics
Flumes			Derivation of
Installations of			formula for the velocity
Pumps			of a jet of
Mine dams			water
Sumps			Horsepower of a
Handling acid mine water			running stream
			Loss in head due
			to friction

16. Explosives.

Mining practice	Drawing	Mathematics	Sciences	English
Manufacture	Plan	Ratio of accidents	4 stages of oxida-	Presentations of
Transportation	Elevation and Section of	to tonnage in the different	dation Retarded	arguments fa- voring use of
Storage and use	Powder house	explosions	Vegetable	permissibles
Permissibles Black powder Dynamite Hydraulic cartridge Lime cartridge		Cost per ton	matter laid under water Slow Vegetable
Roof pressure			matter ex- posed to
Results of misuse of explosives			weather
Windy shots			Rapid
Blown out shots			Vegetable
Fires and explosions			matter
Laboratory tests			burning
			Instantaneous
			Vegetable
			matter
			(coal dust)
			exploding
			Illustrate with ex-
			plosives
			Properties of ex-
			plosives
			Temper-
			ature
			Length of flame
			Duration of
			flame
			Pressure devel-
			oped
			Total heat

OUTLINE OP PROPOSED METHODS 19

ft

2. Short course at the University.

It has been suggested by a number of the coal companies and miners that there are men about the mines who would attend a short course on coal mining at the University of Illinois at Urbana. Ac- cordingly the Department of Mining Engineering at the University of Illinois, through the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes, will offer courses beginning April 6 and continuing until May 16, 1914.

This short course should appeal strongly to men who desire to apply to the State Mining Board for certification to the positions of state mine inspector, mine manager, mine examiner and hoisting en- gineer, because it will permit them to review their technical knowl- edge of the development and operation of coal mines.

It should be attractive, also, to superintendents, certified men, and others who wish to keep abreast of the times; for the science of coal mining is developing rapidly, measuring its progress with leaps and bounds. No better opportunity for the exchange of ideas on mining can be offered for the busy men about the mines than the short course at the University.

In general, the same subjects will be discussed as have been men- tioned in the schedule for the two-year course, and the practical aspects of these topics will be treated in the same manner as in the longer course. But where the men spend full time on this work, the progress will be very rapid, and a great deal of ground can be cov- ered in a short period of time.

For the benefit of those who cannot remain for the full six weeks course, each applicant may register for the particular subjects in which he is especially interested and may receive credit for the work accomplished. In this way, a man who can spend only two weeks at Urbana will be able not only to receive technical training in those subjects which appeal to him most strongly, but he will be able to enter the spirit of the Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes and of the University of Illinois in both of which departments he has a certain proprietorship.

During the short course, four hours each morning will be spent in lectures and discussions which will be conducted by the teaching staff of the University and of the Institute and by practical men from the mines. During three hours each afternoon, courses will be given in the mining laboratory, in surveying on the campus, and in rescue and first aid work at the University Mine Rescue Station. Repre- sentatives of both the U. S. Bureau of Mines and the State Mine Rescue Commission will have charge of the rescue and first aid train- ing, and it will thus be possible for men to receive both State and National Certificates for proficiency in these subjects. On Saturday

20 ILLINOIS MINERS' AND MECHANICS' INSTITUTES

night of each week, it is planned to hold an informal social session in order that all who are connected with the short course may be- come better acquainted.

The mining laboratory at the University, which will be available for this course, is very complete. A list of some of the equipment will be interesting to the men from the mines:

1. Coal washing machinery.

a. Robinson washer.

b. New Century differential motion coal jig.

c. Stewart coal jig.

d. Coal crushing rolls.

e. Swing hammer pulverizer.

f. Four-product trommel screen.

g. Four-product shaking screen.

h. Watson-Stillman briquetting press.

i. Sink-and-float testing machine.

j. Peck coal conveyor.

k. Drying pans.

1. Sampling and grinding apparatus.

2. Mining machines.

a. Pneumelectric.

b. Sullivan puncher.

c. Goodman chain.

d. Sullivan diamond drill outfit.

e. Ratchet-augurs, etc.

f . Rock driUs.

g. Hand-power machines.

3. Mine rescue equipment.

a. Draeger.

b. Westphalia.

c. Fluess.

d. Pulmotor.

e. Smoke chamber.

f . Telephone helmet.

4. Mine safety lamps.

a. Davy.

b. Wolfe.

c. Clanny.

d. Mueseler.

e. Cambrian.

f. Pieler.

g. Ackroyd and Best.

OUTLINE OF PROPOSED METHODS 21

h. Ashworth-Hepplewhite-Gray.

i. Marsaut.

j. Deputy,

k. Carbide lamps.

1. Hubbell electric,

m. Hirsch electric,

n. Proto electric,

o. Bull-dog electric.

5. Gas testing equipment.

a. Oldham gas tester.

b. Hailwood gas tester.

c. Orsatt analysis cabinet.

d. Photometer.

6. Explosives.

a. Dummy explosives.

b. Powder samples.

c. Fuses, caps, crimpers, etc.

d. Electric blasting machine.

e. Thawing cases.

f . Complete set of powder screens.

g. Sectionalized wooden models of drill holes, h. Testing appliances.

7. Chemical equipment.

a. Calorimeters, photometers, driers, microscopes, bal- ances, and accessory apparatus for coal analyses and specific gravity determinations.

8. Models.

a. Steel mine timbers.

b. Wood shaft timbers.

c. Holmes' steam hoist.

d. Coal jigs.

e. Ventilating fan.

f. Interlocking steel shaft piling.

g. Pardee spiral separator.

22

ILLINOIS MINERS' AND MECHANICS' INSTITUTES

THE INSTITUTE CALENDAR, 1914

AS APPLICABLE TO

The short course at the University of Illinois

Dates.	Subjects for Discussion* Morning Sessions 8 a.m. to 12, noon	Laboratory and Field Work Afternoon Sessions 2-5 p.m.
April 6-11	Geology	First aid training
	Timbering
April 13-18	Coal, a fuel	First aid training
	Steam
April 20-25	Hoisting	Mine rescue chamber
	Fire protection
April 27-May 2	Ventilation Surveying Special underground rooms	Mine rescue chamber Mining laboratory
May 4-9	Electricity	Surveying on the campus
	Surveying
May 11-16	Electricity	Surveying on the campus
	Drainage

*For details of the topics covered under each subject, course.

see schedule for the two-year

3. Unit Courses in Mining Towns.

A unit course is a term applied to a course where only one sub- ject is taught at a time, and where a considerable interval of time is allowed to lapse before another unit is discussed. It is a method of instruction which gives the miner his next step forward and of- fers him an opportunity to apply the details of the subject while working in the mines before the next unit is taken up.

In the conduct of these unit courses, a practical mining man will be placed in a district where eight towns will arrange to fur- nish classes of fifteen or more men. Once every three months the instructor will visit each town in this circuit of eight and give a two-weeks unit course which will consist of two hours work on four evenings each week.

The subjects of the unit courses will be chosen from among those listed above for the two-year course. After the completion of one unit, the men who have taken the course will be permitted to select the topic for consideration at the next unit course three months later. In the meantime, reference books will be made available, members of the course will be asked to prepare discussions of various phases of the subject to be considered, and such interest will be aroused as will make the course appeal to all.

OUTLINE OF PROPOSED METHODS 23

4. Co-operation with existing organizations.

a. With the State Mining Board and Inspectors.

The State Mining Board is vested with the authority to certify men for the positions of State mine inspector, mine manager, mine examiner and hoisting engineer. In part, this certifications is based on the technical knowledge of the applicant as shown on examination.

The Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes, by keeping in close touch with the State Mining Board and the Inspectors, will be able to assist applicants in preparing for these examinations and if requested by the Board will always be glad to present statements of the technical work performed under their auspices.

b. With the Mine Rescue Commission.

This commission was established "for the purpose of providing prompt and efficient means of fighting mine fires and of saving lives and property jeopardized by fires, explosions or other accidents in coal mines in Illinois" and was authorized to give "instruction in first aid to the injured and similar technical subjects."

By co-operation with this commission, the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes will be able to hold lectures and vocational courses in rescue stations and cars. Each of these departments has for its main purpose the prevention of accidents and the conserva- tion of natural resources, and each will assist the other in offering to men engaged in mining Illinois coal a practical and technical training to fit them for profitable employment in this great industry.

c. With Miners' Locals.

There are many camps in Illinnois where the local union head- quarters are used not only as the place for the regular meetings, but also as a club where the men convene for social purposes.

If the members of a local union vote to request it, the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes will co-operate with them in in- creasing the club features at their meeting rooms. This may be ac- complished by furnishing traveling libraries, by giving occasional lectures on mine safety, and by the organization of local institutes.

d. With the United States Bureau of Mines.

"The general purpose of the Bureau of Mines is to conduct, in behalf of the public welfare, fundamental inquiries and investiga- tions into the mining industry. The two phases of the industry of greatest national concern are safety and efficiency — safeguarding the lives of our miners and insuring the most efficient and least wasteful development and use of our mineral resources. ' '

24 ILLINOIS MINERS' AND MECHANICS' INSTITUTES

This Bureau has signified its willingness to co-operate with the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes. It will furnish, free of cost to the men enrolled in the Institute courses, copies of bulletins, technical papers and circulars which refer to the subjects under dis- cussion. Also from time to time, it will detail to this work a lecturer who will illustrate his talk with stereopticon views or motion pictures.

e. With Ifiigh schools and public schools.

The purpose of high schools and public schools is to offer a gen- eral education for the * ' all around development of the individual, the preparation to live well and to appreciate the fine things of life, art music, literature and sciences."

The object of the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes is to prepare the individual for profitable employment.

Many of the high and public schools are located in districts where coal mines offer practically the only employment and where many of the pupils, are looking forward to work in the mines as soon as the law will permit them to enter. Some high schools in these dis- tricts have already requested assistance from the Department of Min- ing Engineering at the University of Illinois, but were unable to receive help because of lack of funds. It is hoped that an agreement may be made with these schools by which the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes can offer assistance as follows:

1. By furnishing bulletins and outlines to the teachers to assist them in giving courses in chemistry, physics, mechanics, geology, etc.

2. By offering instruction to the school pupils in the practice of coal mining in order that they may enter the dangerous and hazardous occupations in the mines with a working knowledge of the rules and regulations established for the safety of life and property.

3. By organizing evening classes for men who are employed during the day in the mines, in order that they may be fitted for more efficient service and more profitable employment in the mines, These classes may take the form of the two-year course, the unit course, or occasional lectures on mining subjects.

f . With libraries in mining towns.

A great many books, technical magazines, and bulletins have been published which deal in a practical way with the science and art of coal mining. This literature should be in the library of every mining town.

The Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes will prepare and circulate lists of these books in the endeavor to interest local libraries, coal operators, and individuals in their purchase.

g. With first aid and other local organizations.

For the purpose of rendering immediate assistance to persons injured in and about the coal mines there have been organized in

OUTLINE OP PROPOSED METHODS 25

Illinois a large number of first aid teams and associations. These or- ganizations hold frequent meetings for training and for the discussion of methods of safeguarding life at the mines.

The Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes salutes the men who are devoting much of their time to this humanitarian work and offers to assist them by furnishing traveling libraries, by giving oc- casional lectures on mine safety, by arranging evening programs to follow first aid contests, and by the organization of local institutes.

5. Special activities.

There are a number of special activities in which it should be possible for the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes to assist the general movement for safety and efficiency in coal mining. It is too early, and the desires of the men at the mines have not been sufficiently expressed, to permit a complete statement of the methods that will be suggested for carrying on this phase of its work. The following outline, however, will give a general idea of the special features :

a. Organization of local institutes.

It is believed that local institutes furnish the best opportunity to employers and employees to meet with equal advantage and abso- lutely on the same footing for the discussion of subjects pertinent to coal mining. These institutes should be entirely self-governing; but the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes will be glad to assist in their formation and to take an active part in their conduct by furnishing lecturers, stereopticon equipment, reference books, editorship of papers, and general advice.

A bulletin will soon be issued with suggestions for the organiza- tion and management of local institutes in Illinois.

b. Question and ans^ver department.

The Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes will acknowledge and attempt to answer all reasonable questions which may be asked. It should be able to be of great assistance in helping to solve the problems at the mines because of its close connection with the fol- lowing departments at the University of Illinois :

Department of Mining Engineering.

Department of Civil Engineering.

Department of Electrical Engineering.

Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Engineering Experiment Station.

Library of the University of Illinois.

Bureau of Mines.

State Geological Survey.

Co-operative Coal Mining Investigations.

26 ILLINOIS MINERS' AND MECHANICS' INSTITUTES

c. Traveling libraries, laboratory equipment, etc.

The books and technical papers, which deal in a practical way with the subjects discussed in the two-year, the unit, and the cor- respondence courses, will be purchased by the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes and circulated from town to town as traveling libraries.

In addition to this circulation of literature, the Institutes will maintain a traveling laboratory equipment in connection with its courses, this equipment to contain safety lamps, gas analysis cabinets, surveying instruments, and mechanisms for the demonstration of the practical application of physics, mechanics, and chemistry to coal mining.

d. Work for non-English speaking miners.

An increasing number of non-English speaking men are enter- ing the mines in Illinois. These men are ignorant of both our lan- guage and our customs and are often entirely unfamiliar with the details of mining.

For these men, the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes has a special mission to teach them the rudiments of English and to in- struct them with the aid of their own language in the general prin- ciples of mining and in the rules and regulations for safety.

e. Correspondence courses.

During the period until June 30, 1915, only a small appropria- tion is available for the conduct of the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes. It will be impossible, therefore, to provide regular courses as outlined above for all who may desire to be enrolled in this work.

It is planned when funds are available, as soon as the interest is manifest and as quickly as the details can be worked out, to offer correspondence courses. The lectures which will be prepared for the regular courses will be printed in pamphlets and will form the basis on which the subject of the development and operation of coal mines will be treated through correspondence.

It is suggested that those who are already enrolled in correspon- dence schools will find that the lectures and courses of the Institutes will assist them in the work that they are doing.

OUTLINE OP PROPOSED METHODS 27

**

CONCLUSION

As a final paragraph, the Illinois Miners' and Mechanics' In- stitutes requests that the men at any particular mine prepare a list of the names of persons who desire technical assistance and submit suggestions as to which of the above methods will be most applicable to the local conditions. In this manner, the organization of the work will be materially helped and results will be immediate.