TU D. H. HILL LIBP.^y

NORTH GfcOLIIW ST4TE COLLEGE

% t.f

ENTOMOLOGIC4L COLLECTION

This book must not be
taken from the Library
building.

* JUNE 58— FORM 2

OUTLINES

O F T H E

NATURAL HISTORY

O F

GREAT BRITAIN

AND

IRELAND.

VOL. III.

OUTLINES

O F T H E

NATURAL HISTORY

O F

GREAT BRITAIN

AND

IRELAND.'

CONTAINING

A fyftematic Arrangement and concife Defection of
all the Animals, Vegetables, and Foflils, which hard
hitherto been discovered in thefe Kingdoms.

By JOHN BERKENHOUT, HI. D.

IN THREE VOLUMES.

VOL. HI.
Comprehending the Fossil Kingdom.

LONDON:

Priatedfor P. Elmsly (Succeflb. to Mr. VAILLAJ!T)

fec:ag Southampton-Street, in the Strand.

M DCC LXXII.

X

PREFACE.

IF our young Naturalifls owe me any
obligation, and if that obligation be
in proportion to my trouble, they are
more indebted to me for this fmall volume
than for the other Two. In my progrefs
through the Animal and Vegetable King-
doms I was happy in a faithful, fkilful
guide ; the great Linnseus led the way, and
I knew him too well ever to lofe fight of
him. But, on entering the Foflil Kingdom,
I found him not delighted with the coun-
try : We differed about the road, and lb
fhook hands. How forry I was to part
with fuch a companion may be eafily ima-
gined, from the pleafure and advantage I
muft have reaped in the former part of my
journey.

Thus deprived of my old friend, I join-
ed company with travellers of different
Vol. III. a nations,

vi PREFACE.

nations, particularly with Mr. Cronftedt
and Mr. Wallerius, two Swedifh gentle-
men of great abilities, our indefatigable
Doctor Woodward, Mr. Da Cofta, and fome
others. I gathered fome information from
each ; yet our difputes were fo frequent,
that I was at laft obliged to bid them fare-
well, and purfue my own path. Neverthe-
lefs, I acknowledge myfelf much oblige4
to Mr. Cronftedt, and mould have been
glad of Mr. Da Cofta's company a littls
farther : He took his leave abruptly.

The Foflil Kingdom remains yet in a
great meaiure uncultivated, owing chiefly
to the flow progrefs of Chemiftry, which,
till very lately, was but little underftood i
and which, even now, is well underftood
but by very few Naturalifts. The Readec
will probably be furprifed that I have re-»
duced the Genera to fo inconfiderable a
number; neverthelefs, if my Characlerif-
tics be fuflkiently obvious, he will find the
ftudy of FoflUs by this means greatly faci-
litated, and my bookt confequently, not
intirely ufelefs,

With

PREFACE. v^

With regard to the Mineral Waters, it
is necefiary to inform the reader, that, in
general, I have copied the authors which
are mod efteemed. Thefe writers, how-
ever, appear to have been very deficient in
chemical knowledge •, except Dr. Falconer
on the Bath Waters, and Dr. Lucas of
Dublin. The latter is not infallible. There-
fore, concerning the contents of thefe Wa-
ters, I do not report them as they really
are, but as what our writers on this fubject
have fuppofed them to be ; which fuppofi-
tions, I am certain, are frequently wrong,
being contrary to the eftablifhed laws of
chemiftry. This fubject merits further
enquiry.

Authors

Authors frequently quoted in this

Volume.

Lin. I. c. Linnaei Syflema Naturae, torn, III.
Holmiae. 1768.

Syjl. Nat. Linnaei Syftema Naturae, torn. I. Hol-
miae. 1766.

Wall. Wallerius. Mineralogie, traduit de l'Al-
lemand. Paris. 1759.

Cronjl. "Cronftedt's Mineralogy, published by Da
Cofta. 1770.

Falconer. Dr. Falconer on Bath Waters. 1770.

Woodw. Dr. Woodward's Catalogue of Englifil
Foffils. 1728.

__ — Method of Foffils. 1728.

Brand. Foffilia Hantonienfia, a Guftavo Bran-
der. 4to. 1766.

Smith. Smith's Natural Hiftory of the Counties
of Cork, Kerry, Waterford, 1750.
&c.

Luid. Edw. Luidii Lithophylacii Britannici Ich-
nographia. Oxon. 1760.

Rutty. Synopfis of Mineral Waters. 4to.

Short. Hiftory of Mineral Waters. 2 vol. 4to.
1734. 1740.

Monro. Treatife on Mineral Waters, by Donald
Monro, M. D. 2 vol. 8vo. 1770.

Allen*

[ X ]

AlUn. Natural Hiftory of the Mineral Waters of
Great Britain, by Benj. Allen, M. B.
8vo. 1711.

Shaw. Enquiry into the Contents, &c. of Scar-
borough Spaw, by Peter Shaw,
M. D. 8vo. 1734.

H-illary. Enquiry into the Contents, &c. of Lin-
comb Spaw water, by W. Hillary,
M. D. 8vo. 1742.

Pharm.Med. Pharmacopoeia Medici, edit, altera.
1768.

Vol I. Volume the -firft of this work.

I Divide-

I Divide the Fossil Kingdom into
Six Gaffes j viz.

I. EARTHS.

Infipid, not foluble in pure water or oil ; not
inflammable, not ductile ; preferving their consti-
tution in a ftrong heat, but when fufed become
glafs.

II. SALTS.

Sapid, foluble in water, and recoverable, by
evaporation, in their priftine angular form -} not
inflammable, nor ductile.

III. INFLAMMABLES.

Soluble in oil, but not in water ; readily take
fire, and are in a great meafure confumed.

IV. METALS.

Of all mineral bodies mod ponderous ; fufible,
but refuming their original properties and a convex
furface when cold, even after calcination, by the
addition of phlogifton.

Order I. Metals (properly fo called) malleable.
II. Semi-metals : not malleable.

V. PE-

[ xii ]

V. PETREFACTIONS.

Animals, or parts of animals, or vegetables
changed into a foflile fubftance.

VI. WATER.

Not inflammable ; very little if at all, compref-
fible ; foluble in air; by heat rendered volatile,
and extremely elaftic; fluid when Fahrenheit's
thermometer ftands above 32 degrees, and folid
when it is below that point.

THE

THE

FOSSIL KINGDOM.

Fossils are natural bodies unorganized, and
without fenfation, formed beneath the furfcce of
the earth.

CLASS I.

EARTHS.

Infipid, not foluble in pure water or oil ;
not inflammable, not ductile •, preferving
their conftitution in a ftrong heat, but
when fuied become glafs.

HUMUS. M.nld. Soft, but not vifcid,
nor tenacious when moifh Particles
heterogeneous, palpable, harfh, dif-
fufible in water. Not foluble in acids.
Burns not to lime. Hardens not in
the fire.

I. Communis. Common Earth. Covers generally
the furface of this Globe. Blackifh,
or brown. Wall. 9. Lin. 54, 2. Coji.
115. Wull. 267.

ARGILLA. Clay. Particles impalpa-
ble. Vifcid and plaftic when moifh
Vol. III. B Does

D. H. HILL LIBRARY
North Carolina State College

2 EARTHS.

Does noteffervefce with acids. Hardens
in the fire. When pure not veri-
fiable.

1. Apyra. Porcelain Clay. White, pure, dry,

not fufible ; burns white, and becomes
fo hard as to ftrike fire with fteel. Ifle
of Wight, &c. Cloyne, county of
Cork. Smith, vol. I. p. 363. Lin 52,
1,3. CronJi.%i. Coji. 33.

2. Figulina. Potters Clay, or Pipe Clay. Mixt

with phlogifton and other fubftances
in fmall proportion. Unctious, white,
or bluiln, or afh-colour, or black.
Burns white, or pearl-colour. In va-
rious parts of thefe kingdoms. Lin. 52,
2. CoJl. 30, &c. Cron/l. 87. Woodw.
torn. I. p. 4.

3. Communis. Common Clay. Afh-colour, or

red, or yellow, or brown, or bluifh.
Burns red ; melts in the fire to a
greenifh glafs. Ufed for making bricks,
tiles, &c. in various parts of thefe king-
doms. Lin. 52, 9. Cronjl. 97. Coft.
30, &c.

4. Bolus. Bole. Melts in the mouth ; contains

a large proportion of iron ; grows
blackilh in the fire, and is then at-
tracted by the magnet.

Red. Norfolk, &c. Coft. 1 1, 86.

Green. Ycrkfhire, Devonfhire, Corn-
wall. Coft. 2'6. Cronft. 94. Lin.

5*> 13-

Grey.

£ A R T H S. 3

Grey. In moftof our collieries "between
the beds of coal. Lin. 6, 3. Cronft.
98.

5. Fullonica. Fuller's Earth. Greenifh-brown,

compact, unCtious, glolTy when fcraped
or cut, froths and falls to pieces in
water, burns brown and hard. Bed-
fordshire, Surry, Kent'. Lin. 5, 2, 7.
Cofu 69. Cronft. 92.

6. Tripolitana. Tripoli, ox Rotten Stone. Brown

or yellowifh ; light, dry, harfh ; colours
the fingers, breaks eafily in the mouth,
acquires but little additional hardnefs in
the fire. Ufed for polifhing, &c. Der-
byfhire ; alfo near Cork in the river Lee,
and in Glanmire river near the Blue-
bell. Smith, 382. Coft.Sj. L.n. 52.
Cronft. 96.

J. Indurata. Soap-ftone. Hard, compact, unc-
tious, white, often veined with purple
or red, or fometimes with green. Not
diffufible in water ; marks a white line
on boards, &c. Near the Lizard-point
in Cornwall. Coft. 36. Lin. 6, 4.
Cronjt. 89.

CALX. Lime Earth. Soluble in acids, with the
nitrous moft perfectly, with efferveU
cence. Being burnt, grows hot with
water, and falls to a white powder. Not
vitrefcent per fe. Does not ftrik* fire
with fteel. With borax melts in the
B 2 fire

< EARTHS.

fire to a tranfp-irent colourlefs glafs.
Breaks in any direction.

i. Creta. Chalk. Compact, dry, harfh, friable,
white, infipid, diffufible in water, ad-
heres to the tongue and ringers. In
large {tr<.ta in the fouthern counties of
England. Lin. 53, 1. Cronft. 12.
Coft. 77.

Powder-chalky or Mineral Agaric, or Lac
Luna. A fine light, white powder,
differing from common chalk in want
of cohefion. Found in the fiflures
of ftone quarries in Oxfordfhire,
Northamptonshire, &c. Lin. 53, 2.
Cronft. 12. Coft. 83. Woodu). torn. I.

P- 233-

2. Marmor. Marble. Hard, folid, opaque, na-
turally rough, but capable of a fine
polifh, unlefs decayed in the air ; parti-
cles invifible, impalpable. Lin. 2, 2.
Cronft. 13.

Yellow. Monmouthfhire, &c. and near Mit-
chels-town, in the county of Cork.
Smithy vol. II. p. 376. Coft. 197.

Black. With white veins and fpots. Broad
Helmfton and Torbay in Devon-
fhire. Coft. 201.

.... With white fea-fhells, chiefly turbi-
nated. Near Kilkenny in Ireland,
in many parts of which kingdom it is*
ufed for chimney-pieces -, alfo near

Church-

EARTHS. 5

Church-town, Cork. Smith, vol. II.
P- 375-
Black. Or bluiih, intermixt with fpar. Der-
byfhire. Short Min. Wal. vol. I.
p. 24. Cft. 149.

.... Without any admixture of white. Cal-
dy Ifland, Wales. Woodw. tom. II.
p. 6. Alfo near Church-town, Cork.
Smith. \o\. II. p. 372.

IP hit e. Veined and clouded with deep red.
Near Plymouth, Devoiifhire. Coft.
206.

.... Streaked with pale-red. Near Kilar-
ney, in Kerry, Ireland. Coft. 20b.

«... Glittering with fpar, fometimes con-
taining {hells. D.rbyfhire, Wales, &c.

.... Variegated with purple, brown, yellow,
or green. In feveral parts of the
county of Cork. Smi;!?, vol. II. p.
375. Coft. 223.

Grey. Gloceflerfhire, Alonmouthmire, &c and
at Carigaline, near Cork. Smith,
vol. II p. 376. Co/?. 194.

.-. . . With fparks of fpar and flakes of en-
trochi. Near the lead-mines in Der-
byshire. Cofi. 153.

.... With final] white fpecksr. Four miles

weft of Mallow, in the county of
Cork. Smith, vol. U. p 377.

.... With white fpots and veins. At Caftle-

B 3 may

EARTHS.

mary, in the county of Cork, Smith,
vol. II. p. 377. Cojl. 210.

Grey, With large veins of white fpar. Near
Cork, in the road to Black-rock.

. . , . Greenifh, with innumerable turbinated
fheils. Woodw. Cat. A. x. b. 60.
Coft. 235.

Yellowifh, with innumerable fmall bi-
valve fheils. Whichwood foreil, Ox-
fordfhire. Coft. 237.

Blue, frequently veined with white. Near
Cork, in the road to PalTage. Seems
to be exaclly the fame marble with
that generally ufed in Holland for
iteps on the outfide of their houfes,
which they import from Namur, &c.
Coft. 198.

Lead colour, clouded with dark fpots, and white
or brown, or both. Kilcrea, eight
miles from Cork ; alfo at Black-rock.
Smith, vol.11, p. 378. Coft, 224.

.... With a purple tinge, variegated with
yellow, white, afh-colour, and pur-
ple. Whetton, in Derbyfhire. Coft,
224.

Red. Pale-red, glittering, fparry, interfperfed
with black mica. Coft. 157,

Brown. Dull reddifh brown. Near Afhburn, in
Derbyfhire. Coft. 157.

.... With white and red or purple veins.
Devcnfhirc and Cornwall. Coft. 224.

Brown. With

EARTHS. 7

Brown. With innumerable entrochi, Sec. Der-
byfhire, in great abundance. IVoodw.
Cat. A. x. b. 61. Coft. 235.

.... Dark, with numerous femicircu!ar white
ftreaks, the edges of fliells. Near
Leith, in Scotland. Coft. 237.

3. Lapis. Lime/tone. Texture lefs compact, not

admitting a fine polifh; particles vifible,
granulated, or fcaly. Colour various.
In many parts of the three kingdoms.
Lin. 2, 6. Cronft. 15. Coft. 152, &c.

4. Spatum. Spar. Breaks eafily into rhomboi-

dal, cubical, or laminated fragments,
with poliihed furfaces. Cronft. 17, &c.

Common Spar. Rhomboidal, diaphanous
or opaque, of various colours. In
mines, Sec. in Wales, Derbvfhire,
&c. Ovens, near Cork. Smith, vol.
II. p. 381. IVoodw. torn. I. p. 151,
&c.

Rf 'framing Spar. Rhomboidal, fhews ob-
jects [cen through it double. In the
lead mines in Derbyshire, Yorkfhire,
&c. Ibid.

Chnftaliizcd Spar. Diaphanous, pyra"
midal, or columnar. In mines, quar"
ries, caverns, &c. in various parts of
thefe kingdoms. IVoodw. torn. I-
p. I56.

Staiaftitical Spar, If.de, or Drop-ftone.
Formed by the running or dropping
of water containing a large propor
E 4 tic a

I EARTHS.

tion of calcareous earth. Opaque,
generally laminated, and in various
forms from accidental circumrances.
Knarefborough in Yorkfhire, Ovens
near Cork, &c. Smith, vol. II. p. 38 1 •
Woodiv. torn. I. p. 155.

MARGA. Mark. Calcareous earth mixt
with clay. EfFervefces with acids whilft
crude, but not after being burnt. Hardens
in the fire in proportion to the propor-
tion of clay it contains. Vitrefcent per
fe into grey glafs.

I.. Friabilis. Common Mark. DifFufible in water.
Brown, or brown ifh. Died for manure
in many parts of England. Cronj'i. 31
Ccft. 67. Smith, vol. II. p. 367.

% Indurata. Stone-marie, in loofe pieces, grey,
or wnite. In the beds of rivers. Cronfi,
32. Coft. 13b. Lin. 49, 1.

GYPSUM. G}ps. Calcareous earth fa-
turated with vitriolic acid ; therefore
does not effervticc with acids. Being
heated falls to powder, which with wa-
ter forms plaiftef, but without exciting
heat during c i£ m xture. Melts in the
fire per _/?, though fometimes with diffi-
culty, into a wh t g fs. iVielted with
borax, puffs and bubbles much. Burnt
with phlogiftpn, imcils of lulphur ; and
thus decompofed, or by alkaline falts,
its eaith is found to contain fome iron.

1. Pul-

EARTHS.

1. Puiverulentum. Plaifter Earth, A dry, harfh,

gritty, ycllowilh white powder; adheres
to the tongue, but not to the fingers.
Mixt with water forms plaifter without
previous beating. Clipfton quarry, in
Northamptonfhtre. IVoodiv. torn. J,
p. 7, 40. Cronft, 23. Li/2. 53, 6.
Coft. 80.

2. Alabaftrum. Alabafter, Solid ; particles vi-

fible, glittering. L~.s Jiard than mar-
ble, but capable cf being polifhed. Not
always fatu rated whh acid, and therefore
in fome mealure foluble in aquafortis.
White, or reddiih, or yellowiih. Der-
byshire, Cornwall, Somerfetl'hire, Sec.
Cronf. 23. Lin. 3, 3.

3. Commune. Plaifter Stove, Texture fcaly, or

granulated ; generally red or white ;
much fofter than alabafter, and inca. able
of a polifh. D?rbyfhire, 1 orkihire,
Cronf 24. Lin. 3, 2.

4. Fibrofum. Fibrous Plaifter Stove. Called fi-

bioustalc. White. In plaifter pits in
Dcrb\ ihire, Nottingiiamiiiire, &c. Cronf
24. Lin. 4, 1. Cl .

5. Spatofum. "Sclent a. Diaphanous, rhomboi- "^

dal, laminated. Frequent in clay-pits, ^>»
Oxfordmire, lfle of bheppy, N<<ntwi< 1 ^>
in Chtihire, See. Cronft. 24. Lin. 16.
Woodtv. torn. I. p. 67. torn. il. p. 10.

TALCUM. V/iU not firilce Sre with
i'c :1, nor effervefde with acids. Not
jjfciifuiihle in water. In the (jre very re-
fractory

10 EARTHS.

fra&ory per fe, but fufible with borax.
Particles palpable, vilibie, diviftble, flexi-
ble, elaftic.

j. Mica. Glimmer. Particles laminated, fcaly,
fhining, feparable, friable, feminglyunc-
tious.

Brown. With other foflils in the com-
pofition of granites, Sec.

Black. In mafles of 4 or 5 inches dia-
meter, in rivers in Yorkihire. In gra-
vel-pits in Noi thamptonfhire. Woodw*
torn. I. p. 63, 64. torn. II. p. 8.

Gold-colour. In fmall mafles or in ftones
on the fea-fhore. JVoodw. torn. I.

P 63

Silver Mica. In mafles and among the
fand on the fea-fliore. JVoodw. torn. I.
p. 61.

Greenijh. In fmall mafles on Mendip
hills, and on the fhores in Yorkshire-
JVoodw. torn. I. p. 62.

Grey. On the fea fliore. JVoodw. torn. I*
p. 62. 64.

Reddijh. On the fhores of Lincoln-
shire, he,

2, Afcefcus. rffteji. Surface dull, uneven ; tex-
ture fibrous. Cronft. 11 2.

Mountain Flax. Grey; filaments long,
Alky, round ifh, f.raight, intire. In
the Highlands of Scotland on the fur-
face of the earth. Lin. 7, iw

Mountain

EARTHS. I*

Mountain Leather. White, fibres broad,
membranous. Hi'?;hlandsof Scotland.

Greenijh AJbeft. Fikments interrupted or
interwoven. In (rrata of marble in
the Ifle of Anglefea, &c. Lin, 7, 10.
Woodvu. torn. I. p. 77.

SAXUM. Opaque, rough, coarfe ; par-
ticles vifible, heterogeneous j not lami-
nated, breaking freely in any direction;
will not ftrike fire with fteel, nor burn
to lime ; not foluble in acids.

I. Cos, Sand Stone> or Free Stone. Particles finall,
confifting chiefly of quartz and mica,
cememed by clay.

Portland Stone. White, or light grey,
of a roundifh grit, and glittering.
Porfetfhire. Brought frequently to
London, and ufed in building. Coft.
125. Woodiv. torn. I. p. 16.

Purbech Stone. Brownifh afh-colour.
Hard, heavy ; texture not very com-
pact ; compoled of an angular grit.
Dorfetfhire. Ufed in London for
buiiuin ;, &c.

Ketton Stone. Pale -brown, compofed
of incrufted granules. Heavy, and
not very compact:. Several Colleges in
Camliidge are built with this itone.
Cojl. 129.

Scythe fione. Pale brown, heavy, glit-
tering, and in fome degree friable.

Ufed

12 EARTHS.

Ufed for whet-ftones. Derbyfhirc,
&c. Coft, 133. JVoodw. torn. I. p. 17.

Scotijh Stone. Bluifh, granulated, hard*'
heavy. Ufcd for new-paving the
ftreets of London. In the king's
park near Edinburgh, &c.

Red Sa)id Stone. Coarfe, deep brown-
red, friable. Compoied of cryftalline
grit, cemented by a ferruginous earth,
often veined with black. Shropfhire,
Hampfhire, alfo near Briftol. Coft.

Purple Stone. Pale- purple, veined ; com-
posed of an angular grit, cemented by
a cryftalline matter, and fpangled with
mica. Near the fea in Flintshire.

Coft. 140,

Beth Stone. Yellowifh white; particles
minute; texture uniform, compact,
without glitter; foft, fo as to be eafily
wrought with the chiffel by the hand
into vafes, &c. Near Bath, Somer-
fetfhire,

2. Granita. Granite. Compofed chiefly of quartz,
mica, and feltfpat ; fometimes of gar-
, net, bafaltes, and indurated fteatites.
Particles vifible, diftin£f.. So hard as
generally to ftrjke fire with fteel, and re-
ceive a good polifli.

Black Granite^ with a dark-green tinge.
Frequent in the old pavement of the

Streets

EARTHS. Ij

ftreets of London, and on the Tea
fhore. Coft. 273.

White Granite, or Moor Stone. White
interfperfed with a few large black
fpots and cryftalline quartz. Corn-
wall, Devonfhire, Ireland. Coft. 273.
Woodw. Cat. G. e. 3.

Jiloite and green. Down, Ireland.
Coft. 275.

Red Granite. Sometimes yellowifh, ge-
nerally interfperfed with black mica.
Devonfhire. Coft. 276.

Yellow Granite. Interfperfed with fmall
black fpots. Found in fmall maffes
on the fiiore near Morlin-well, in the
county of Downe, Ireland. Coft. 280.

Green Granite. Spotted with black. On
the fea-fhore. Coft. 280.

Breccia. Covglutinated Stones. Compofed of
pebbles of various kinds, irregularly dif-
pofed, and cemented by various mat-
ter.

Pudding Stone. Yellowifh, variegated
with flints and pebbles of various co-
lours, cemented by a jafpery fubftance.
Cronft. 253. Lin. 12, 39.

Mill Stone. Compofed of great variety
of flints, pebbles, &c. cemented by a
grey matter. Derbyfhire. IFoodiv.
torn. I. p. 29.

4. Arena,

14 EARTHS.

4. Arena. Sand. Confifting of minute incohe-
rent flints or ftones of various colour,
fhape, fize, and matter.

White. Glittering. Found tolerably
pure in feveral parts of England.

Yellow. Found, near the furface, about
Hampftead and Highgate, and many
other parts.

Brown. Woolwich, Black-heath, &c.

SHISTUS. Slate. Breaks invariably into
laminae or plates. Opaque, not flexible.
Effects with fteel, with acids, and with
fire, various.

1. Niger. Black Slate. Surface hard and fmooth,
but not polifhable. Will not ftrike fire
with fteel. When written upon, the
characters are black. In fome parts of
England and Wales, but not frequent.
Lin. 1, 10. Coft. 166.

Shale, or Bafs, or Shiver. Black, light*
friable ; rough unpoliihed furface.
Characters, when wrote on, white.
Derbyshire, in large ftrata up to the
day, and, in other counties, generally
above the coal. Lin.i, 3. Coft. 167.
Wall. Spec. 70.

Plate. Black, heavy, friable, frnooth,
glofly. Between the laminae are gene-
rally discovered impreiiions of fern
and other plants. Forms a flratum
immediately above the pit- coal in fe-
veral

EARTHS.

J5

veral parts of England. Co ft. 168.
Wall. Spee. bj.

2. Viridis. Green Slate. Smooth, foft, heavy, thin,

not penetrable by water. Will not flak*
fire with fteel. Becomes purple when
burnt. Characters white. In different
parts of England and Wales. Lin. r,
4. Coft. 182. Alfo in great abundance
near Cork in Ireland.

3. Purpureus. Purple Slate. Smooth, but without

glofs ; hard, heavy, compact, compofed
of thin plates. Characters whitifh, not
penetrated by water. Sometimes Sight-
ly fpangled. Will not ffrike riie with
fieel. Does not ch nge colour in the
fire. In the northern counties or" Eng-
land frequent. Coft. 175. Alio in great
abundance near Coric, forming huo-e
rocks on the north fide of the river ; but
in this variety the laminas are neither
even nor thin.

4. Ruber. Red Slate. Hard, heavy, flxikes fire with

fteei. Lamina; thick and uneven. Un-
alterable in the fire. Near Cork.

5. Fufcus. Brczvn Slate. Pale-greenifh brown,

rough, coarfe, hard, heavy, of a fa;
texture, without brightness. Will not
ftrilce fire with fteel. Becomes friable by
burning, but retains its colour. Burfbrd
in Oxfordihire. Coft. 144.

Pale brown, ox grefjh, ox-whitijb. Hard,
heavy, glittering with mica; burns

whitifa

J 6 EARTHS.

whitifh. Coft. 144. 147. TVoodw.
Cat. A. b. 85. Common in the
north of England.

Pale brown. Hard, heavy; texture com-
pact but gritty, containing variety of
f hells, &c. Will not ftrike fire with
fteel. At Stunsfield in Oxfordfhire,
and at Charhvood near Bath. Coft.
14.5, 146. Plot. Oxf. 77. TVoodw.
Cat. G. b. 4. — 10.

6. Coeruleus. Blue Slate. Hard, heavy, fono-

rous, fmooth, compofed of very thin plates
eafily feparablej not penetrable by water.
Characters whitifh. Will not ftrike
fire with fteel. Burns brown. In many
parts of England, Ireland, and Wales,
particularly near Kendal in Weftmore-
land. Ufed for covering houfes. Coji.
181. Lin. 1, 5. Wall Spec. 66. Alfo
at Carbery and near Kinfale in Ireland.
Smith, vol.11, p. 373. Likewifeat De-
nyball in Cornwall.

7. Cinereus. JJh- coloured or grey Slate. Smooth,

compact, light, hard 5 laminae very thin.
Not penetrable by water. Will not
ftrike fire with fteel. Burns to a pur-
plifh brown. Carnarvonfhire, Cumber-
land, Ireland, &c. Coft. 173.

Pcle-bluijb grey. Compad, coarfe, hard,
heavy, fmooth but not glefly. Becomes
friable in the air. Generally fhews im-
preflions of plants. Forms a'ftratum
above the coal in many parts of Eng-
land,

EARTHS. 1/

land, kc. Coft. 175. Smith's Cork,
vol. II. p. 373.

Dead ofb colour. Light, rough, coarfe,
friable, without the leaft glofs, of a
fandy texture, compofed of very thin
laminae; burns whitifh. In feveral
parts of England. Coft. 144.

8. Lapis Hibernicus. Irijh Slate. Lead colour;
writes on paper like black-lead. Dr.
Hill fays he ext'adted a confiderable
proportion of alum from this flate. If
it had not been aflerted by a perfon of
the Doctor's known integrity, I would
not believe a word of it.

FLUOR. Appearance fparry or cry-
ftalline. Will' not ftrike fire with fteel.
Does not ferment with acids. Vitrefcent
perjei tho' fometimes refractory, but eafily
fufible with borax, or calcareous or other
earths. When gradually heated mines
like phofphorus ; but its light vanifhes
before it becomes red-hot. Promotes the
fufion of ores. Cronjt. 108.

I. Cryftallizatus. Cryftattized Fluor. White, or
blue, or purple, or green, or red. In
iron and copper mines.

Sparry, but lefs regular than fpar.

Irregular.

Cubic',

QUARTZUM.

IS EARTHS.

QUARTZUM. Does not effervefce with
acids. Strikes fire with fteel. Does not
after burning fall to powder either in
the air or in water. When pure cannot
be melted per fe> but with alkaline falts
moft readily into glafs. Texture folid,
uniform ; particles homogeneous, invi->
fible, impalpable. Breaks in various di-
rections.

t. Cryftallus. Cryftal. Diaphanous, naturally
hexagonal, columnar, pyramidal at one
or both ends, but frequently rounded,
Luid i.

Colourless. Found near Weft Carbery,
Smith's Cork, vol. II. p. 382. Woodw,
torn. I. p. 31. 158.

jW/Zfy. Woodw. torn. I. p. 158.

Red. Woodw, torn. I. p. 160.
Brown. Woodw. torn. I. p. 160.
Yellow. Woodw. torn. I. p. 160.
Purple. Woodw. torn. I. p. 160.
JHed, Woodw, torn. I. p, i6e,

$. Silex, Flint. JJemipellucid, detached, often
fomewhat fpherical ; breaks in convex
and concave polifhed fragments. Decays
when expefed to the air, and commonly
furrounded by a rough cruft.

Commsn

EARTHS. 19

Common Flint. Colour uniform, not
ftreaked or veined. Dark or light
horn-colour or yellowifh. Frequent
in chalk-pits, gravel-pits, and on the
fea-fhore. Cronjt. 67. Lin. II, I.

Onyx. The hardeft of this fpecies,
confifting of zones of different co-
lours. IVoodw. torn. I. p. 36. c.

Agate. Clouded, or veined, or fpotted*
with different colours. IVoodw. torn. I.
p. 32.

3, Jafpis. Jafper. Opaque. Texture when broken

like dry clay. Fragments not convex
and concave. Lefs hard than flint, and
melts more readily into glafs. Does not
decay in the air. Takes a fine polifli.
Cronjt. 69. Lin. II, 14.

Sparry or cryftallijed, often rhomboidal.
Generally mixt with other foffiles in
the compofition of granites, porphyry,
&c. Cronft. 72. Lin. 5, 12. JVali.
125.

4. Granatus. Garnet. Diaphanous, dark-bluifh

red, fpherical, with an indeterminate
number of facets, or fides, containing
a fmall portion of iron or tin. Frequent,
though fmall, in micaceous ftones, par-
ticularly in Scotland. Coft. on Cronft.
84. Wall. vol. I. 223.

C 2 <:. Bafaltes.

2d EARTHS.

5* Bafaltes. Shirl. Opaque, ponderous, generally
black or green, glofly, cryftallized,
prifmatical, of an indeterminate number
of angles. Fcrming an immenfe rock
called the Giants Caufeway in Ireland*
and in fmall pieces in the tin-mines in
Cornwall. Cronft. 8o« WalU vol. I,
p, 261. Coft, 252.

CLASS

SALT. 2J

CLASS 11
S A L T S.

Sapid, foluble in water, and recoverable by
evaporation in their priftine angular form j
not inflammable, nor ductile*

SAL ACIDUM. When moll pure, fluid,
and mixt with a confiderable proportion,
of water. Taftes four ; changes blue
vegetable juices red j diflblves calcareous
earth with effervefcence ; unites violent-
ly with alkalis, with which it has the
greateft affinity, except with phlogifton.
A ftronger attra&ion to zinc than to any
other metal.

I. Vitriolicum. Vitriolic Acid. When mixt with
the leaft poflible quantity of water, its
fpecific gravity is to water as 18 to io.
Diftblves filver, tin, antimony, mercury,
zinc, iron, copper, lead. United with cal-
careous earth forms gypfum; with ar-
gillaceous earth, alum \ with phlogifton,
iulphur; with metals, vitriol; with al-
kaline falts, neutrals. Precipitates all
folutions in the nitrous and vegetable
acids. With fpirit of wine produces
aether j with water generates heat ; with
C 3 water

21 ? i A L • TV

•

water and fteel filings takes fire. Exifla
in , native Glauber's fait ; in metallic
falts whofe bafis is iron, copper or zinc ;
in alum, fulphur, in various waters, and
in the atmofphere, but moft frequently
obtained from fulphur or vitriol. Pharm.
Med. 2d edit. p. 5. Cronjl. 129.

2. Muriaticum. Acid of Sea-Salt. When moft con-
centrated is of a yellow colour. Specific
gravity to water as 12 to iO. Difiblves
tin, lead, iron, copper, zinc, antimony.
Mixt with the nitrous acid forms aqua
regia, which difiblves gold. With alkaline
falts forms various neutrals; with cal-
careous earth y^/ ammoniacum fixum. Ge-
nerally obtained from common fait. May
be difunited from alkaline falts by the
vitriolic acid. Pharm, Med. p. 9.

SAL ALKALI. Taftes acrid, urinous.
Unites with acids with violent effervef-
cence. Changes blue vegetable juices
green. With oil forms foap.

I. Fixum. Fixed mineral Alkali\ Natron of the an-
tients. Shoots readily into prifmatical
cryftals. Difiblves every fpecies of quartz
forming glafs. Falls to powder in the
air. Promotes the fufion of metals, and
precipitates them when difiblved in acids.
With acids forms various neutrals, which
fee. Obtained from feafalt,mineral waters,
marine plants, and in confiderable quan-
tity from a white efflorefcence on walls

not

L T S.

a3

not expofed to the weather. Pbarm.
Med. 142. Lin. 14.

2. Volatile. Volatile mineral Alkali. Differs in no
refpedl from that obtained by diftillation
from animal and vegetable fubftances.
Contained in molt clays. Cronjl. 148.

SAL NEUTRUM. Compofed of an
acid and an alkaline fait; therefore will
not effervefce with either. Form regu«
lax cryftalline.

u Sal Glauberi. Glauber's Salt* Vitriolic acid and
foflile alkali. Cryftals hexagonal. So-
luble in an equal weight of water. Found
infome mineral waters> but generally the
produce of art. Fufible in a moderate de-
gree of heat. Pbarm. Med. p. 15.

2. Sal Commune. Common Salt, or Sea Salt.

Muriatic acid and tixt foflile alkali. Cry-
ftals cubic. Obtained from fea-water
and from falt-fprings in Chefhire, Wor-
cefterfhire, Hampfhire, Stafford (hi re,
Northumberland. Pbarm. Med. p. 21.
Cronjh p. J39. Lin. 16. I. 3. fVoodiv.
torn. I. p. 170. f

3. Sal Ammoniacum commune. Common Sal

Ammoniac. Muriatic acid and volatile
alkali. Cryftals indeterminate. Mixt
with common faltgeneratesextreamcold.
Liquifies in the air. Soluble in vinou
C 4 fpir its*

H

s.

fpirits. Soluble in three times its own
weight of water. Obtained by fubli-
mation from every fpecies of foot. Pharnu
Med. p. 22.

SAL METALLICUM. Metallic Salt.
Metal diflblved in the vitriolic acid ;
cryftallized. Soluble in fixteen time?
its weight of water.

t* Vitriolum Cceruleum. Blue Vitriol. Vitriolic
acid and copper. Cryftals deprefled,
rhomboidal, with twelve fides. Tafte
aftringent, acrid, difagreeable. Fufible,
2nd in a ftrong fire calcinable. Gene-
rally the produce of art, but fometimes
native, diflblved in Ziment waters near
copper mines, particularly in the county
of Wicklow in Ireland. Pbarm. Med.
p. 26. Lin. 18, 3. Cronjl. 131.

2. Vitriolum Viride. Green Vitriol. Vitriolic acid

and iron. Cryftals rhomboidal, fhort,
thick, pale-green, pellucid. Tafte aftrin-
gent, fweetifli. Eafily foluble in water,
and calcinable in the fire. Generally ar-
tificial, but often diflblved in mineral
waters. Pharm. Med. p. 27. Cronjl. p.
130. Lin. 18, 1. IJoodiv. torn. 1. p. 171. >

3. Vitriolum Album. IVhiu Vitriol. Vitriolic

acid and zinc. Cryftals, according
to Linnasus, prifmatical, dodecaedral.
Tafte aftringent, fweetiih. In mines,

often

L T S.

s»

often mixt with copper and iron. Cronjl
131. Pbarm. Med. p. 28.

4. Arfenicum. Arfenic. White, volatile in the fire.
Cryftals prifmatical, octoedral. Soluble
by boiling in water. Eafily cryftallized by
fiiblimation with phlogifton, and fome-
times found native in a cryftalline form.
See Arsenicum as a metal.

SAL TERREUM. Vitriolic acid and earth,
feparable by the interpofition of an alkali.

It Alumen. Rock Alum. Vitriolic acid and argil-
laceous earth. Cryftals ocioedral, pyrami-
dal. Liquifies in the fire. Tafte excef-
iively aitringent. Soluble in fourteen
times its weight in water. Obtained by
art from ftones of different kinds near
Whitby in Yorkfhire. CronJ}. 133. Pbarm.
Med. p. 30. Lin. \-j. fVoodw. torn. I.
p. 170.

Feather Alum. Refembles white feathers.
In fmall quantities on decayed aiuoi-
itones. Cronjl. 133. Lin. 17. 1.

2. Sal Ammoniacum Fixum. Fixt Sal Ammoniac.

Muriatic acid and calcareous earth. Infea-
water, and at the bottom of the pans at
the falt-works. Cronjl. 27.

3. Sal Catharticum Amarum. Bitter purging Salt9

or Magnefia^ Glauber' s Sait> or Epfom Salt.
Vitriolic acid and magnefia alba. Cryftals

hexjgona]»

St6 SALTS.

hexagonal, prifmatical. May be decom-
pofed by an alkali. In the Epfom wa-
ter, and in many other fprings. Pharm.
Med. p. 30. Wall. 339.

4. Selenites. Vitriolic acid and calcareous earth.
Cryftallizes in thin laminae. Decompofed
by an alkali. Very frequent, in fmall
proportion, in mineral and in common
fpring water. See Gypfum, Numb. 5.

CLASS

ttfFLAMMARLBS. If

S, L A S S III.

INFLAMMABLES.

Soluble in oil, but not in water ; readily
take fire, and are in a great meafure con-
fumed.

BITUMEN. Mineral phlogifton united
with mineral acid and other fofiile fub-
ftances.

j. Petroleum. Fojple or Rock Oil Highly in-
flammable, fluid, pellucid, fragrant, light,
pale-brown, but expofed to the air be-
comes thick and black. Mifcible with
eflential oils, but not with vinous fpi-
rits. Found floating on the water of
certain fprings in Perfia, Italy, and in,
England, Sic. particularly at Wenlock
and Pitchford in Shropfhire, Wigan in
Lancafhire, Libefton in Midlothian,
Scotland. Sibald. Prodr. part II. I. 4.
c. 4. Cronf. 152. Pbarm. Med. p. 35,
Lin. 21, 1, 2.

'2. Eleclrum. Amber. Phlogifton united with mu-
riatic acid. Solid, hard, brittle, light;
texture compact, uniform ; particles ho-
mogeneous, invilible. Takes a fine
polifli ; fragrant when rubbed, and highly

elec*

4g • INFIMIMABUJ,

electrical. Found in the earth, and
on .he fea-fn ore, in nodules from half an
inch to two inches in diameter.

Pale •yellow, perfe&ly .pellucid. On the
feil iVivo? Yorkmire, Norfolk, Sec.
zUo in clay-pits near London.

Brails transparent. In clay-pits iri
L .uefterihire. Wocrdiv. torn. I. p. 168.

3. Gagas. 7 ' Wood impregnated with the

aolefubftanceof pit- coal. Black,
foiid,dry. opaque, light, capable of a fine
; ih, electrical. Texture evidently
taat of wood. Burris flowly with a
■white flame. Found in detached pieces
in [(rata of earth i.xi^ Hone in the nor-
therft counties, and in clay-pits near
Loncon. Hid. Fofs. 413. Cronf. 3.63.
I in. 21. i. Brand. /of. h ant. fig. 121.
/ i flW. torn. I. p. 167.

4. iLiSnhtraxi fW. Phlogif>on united with

z\\ i) aceous earth and vitriolic acid*
Black, to] id, opaque, dry, britcle, glof-
Sy. 1 mhd m large ftrata, iplftting near-
ly in anvizontal direction.

Pit Coal. Friable. Newcaftle, &c;

Stone Coat. Lai >, heavy, brittle ; fplits
in the fire, turns birifidy, nnd flames
much. In the north of England, &c.

Canncl Coal. Bright, light, fplits in any
dire&ionj (foes not colour the hands,

and

INFIAMVARIU- ?9

and t.» :ri a ep ! poliii / . -v.
to .1. I p. 165.

Kitkenn} Leal. Lights flowK, »nd burns
glmoft entirely without imokc S ems
not to differ ;n i:-.ekaA frorn the . u..n
of Pembroke (hire in Wales, woea
that is foparated from the c ck j -'a it
with which it is mixt. Near ivu-
kenny in Ireland.

5. Turfa. Twf. Mould impregnated with bi-
tumen, interwoven with roots of ve»e-
tables. Cut in the fh ape of br id i

ufed for fi ei in many {.arts of thi .
dom, Cronjl. 264, Lin. 54,0 .
35b.

SULPHUR.. Phlogiilon united with a
larg^ proportion o: vitriol:" aJd. Yel-
low ; fufible in a moderate debtee of
heat j burns with a blue flange ; totally
vo'atilt in the hie. Not found native, or
puie, in thefe kingdoms.

J. Pyrites. Mundu. Sulphur combined with
iron. Pale-yellow, of a metallic ap-
pearance, not cryflallized. Strikes fire
withiteel. In various mines, Ctonjl.
155. Lin. 22, 5. Wall. 379.

% Marcafita. Marcaftte. Sulphur combined with
iron, coppt , Sec. t> (tall. zed. Strikes
fire with it-el. Yellow, or white, or
grey. Cronjl. 155. Lin. 22, 3. Wall.
384,

3. Molyb-

3©

INFLAMMABLES.

3. Molybdsena. Black-lead. Sulphur combined
with iron and tin. Ufed for pencils,
&c. Barrowdale, near Kefwiclc in Cum-
berland. Cronji. 156. Lin, 35, I,
Woodw. torn. I. p. 185,

Sulphur is likewife found combined with other
metals and femimetals ; which fee.

C LA 5 5

METALS, 31

CLASS IV,
ME T A L S.

Of all mineral bodies, mod ponderous,
Fufible, but refuming their original pro*
perties and a convex furface when cold ;
even after calcination, by the addition of
phlogifton.

I. METALS, properly fi called.

AURUM. Gold. Yellow. The hea-
vieft metal (viz. to water as 19640 to
1000.) and moft ductile. Unalterable
by fire. Soluble only in aqua regia and
hepar fulphuris. Amalgamates readily
with quickfilver,

X. Nativum. Gold-duji or fand. Said to be found
in fmall quantity, in fome rivers in Scot-
land. Cronji. 167. Lin. 35, I.

ARGENTUM. Silver. White. Speci-
fic gravity to water as 11,091 to 1000.
Moft ductile, except gold. Sonorous.
Soluble in the nitrous and vitriolic acids,
not in aqua regia. Unalterable in the
fire. Eafily amalgamates with quiclc-
AJyer.

I. Minerals

3^ H * T A L $.,

J. Mineralizatum. Mineralized with fulphur and
other metals. Frequent in molt of our
lead and copper ores, but- in no great
proportion.

ST ANNUM. Tin. White. Mofteafily
fufible, but leaft ductile, and lighteft of
all metals. Soluble in aquaregia, vitri-
olic and muriatic acids. Unites with
all metals and femimetals, rendering
them fonorous and brittle. Amalga-
mates eafily with quickfjlver. Specific
gravity to water as 7,500 to 1000.
Cornwall.

1. Nativum. Nativ$ Tin. Very rare. The ex-

iftence of native tin is generally denied ;
, but the Royal Society is in poflefiion of
an undoubted fpecimen, Tent from Corn-
wall.

2. Cryftallizatum. Tin Cryjlals or Tin Grains.

Mineralized by an admixture of arfeni-
cal earth. Opaque, fpherical, polygo-
nal, glofly, heavy, yellowifh or brown,
or black. Gronjt. 1 8 1. Lin. 30, I.
Wall* 548. Woodiu. torn. I. p. 201.
torn. II. p. 30.

3. Amorphum. Tin-ftone. Combined with an

arfenical earth and fome iron. Blackifh-
brown or yellovvifh, refembling a com-
mon ftone, opaque and very, heavy. On
the coaft near Penrofe in Cornwall,
Cronft. 181. Lin. 30, 3. Wall. 5 50.
Woodiv. torn. I. p. 202.

4. Molyb-

Metals, 33

%\ Molybdaena. Black-lead, See Sulphur.
5. Granatus. Garnet. See Quartzum.

PLUMBUM. Lead. Bluifh white when
firtl cut or broken. Specific gravity to

water as 11,350 to icoo. Lefs hard,
\e{s elaftic, lefs tenacious, lefs fono-
rous. than any other metal. Soluble in
all acids and alkaline folutions. Fufible
before ignition, and eaiily calcined.

1. Galena. Lead Glance. Mineralized with ful-

phur and a little filver. Opaque, bluifh,
glofly, compofed of large or fmall cubes.
Contains a very large proportion of
lead. In various parts of England.
Cronft. 186. Lin. 31, 3. Wall. 529.
Smith's Cork, vol. II. p. 393. Woodw.
torn. I. p. 21 1. tom. II. p. 27.

2. Stibiatum. Antimonial Lead- are, or Lead-trail.

Mineralized with fulphur, antimony,
and filver. Opaque, radiated, fhining.
Lin. 31, 5. V/oodiv. tom. I. p. 2 II.

3. Cryflallinum. Lead Cryftals. Diaphanous,

prilmatical or pyramidal, of no determi-
nate number of fides, but moft frequently
hexagonal ; or white, or yellowifh, or
greenifh. Mendip, Somerfetfhire. Cronft.
j86. Lin. 31, 2. Woodw. tom. I. p. 214.
N°. 58, 59, 132.

Vol. III. D 4. Spato-

34 METALS.

4- Spafcofum. Ltai Spar. White or grey, often
yeilowifti, without the leaft metallic ap-
pearance. Near Kefwick, in Cumber-^
land ; alfo near Briftol. Watt, 535.
Weodw, torn. I. p. 214.

5. Calciforme. Lead Ochre, or Native Cerujfa. A
white powder fometimes found on the
furface of lead-glance. Cronft. 184.

CUPRUM. Copper. Yellowifh-red. Spe-
cific gravity to water as 9 to 1. Molt
ductile, except gold and filver. Mod
elaftic, except iron. Moft fonorous.
Soluble in all acids and alkaline folu-
tions, oils and water. Requires al-
moft as great a degree of heat as iron
before it melts.

I. Nafeivum. Native or Virgin Copper. Solid,
malleable ; branched or fibrous, or fo-
liated ; generally adhering to other fof-
file fubftances. Cornwall, Ifle of Man,
&c. Cronft. 190. Lin. 33, 2. Watt,
499. Woodw. torn. I. p. 195, 197. torn.
II. p. 24.

Ziment Copper. Granulated, friable.
Precipitated from the vitriolic acid
by the immerfion of iron or other-
wife. In the county of Wicklow,
in Ireland. Cronft. 190. Lin. 33, 1.
Wall, 501.

1. Coeruleum montanum. Mountain-blue. Cop-
per united with calcareous earth, dif-

folved

METALS* 35

folved and precipitated from an alkaline
menltruum. Soluble in aqua for tis with
effervefcence. In the mines in Derby-
{hire, &c. Co/1. 104. Cronft. 36, 190.
Lin. 30, 4. Woodxv. torn. I. p. 195.

g. Viride montanum. Mountain-green. Copper
united with earth, diflblved by an acid.
In the copper mines of England and
Ireland, and the Ifle of Man, Coft. 106.
Cronft. 190. Lin. 50, 3. IVoodw. torn. I.
p. 197.

4. Rubrum. Glafs Copper Ore. Hard, brittle,
red or purple, or brown. Generally
found with native copper. Cronft. igt.
Lin. 33, 9. ff'oodiv. torn, J. p. 196.

£. Cinerum. Grey Copper Ore. Mineralized with
fulphur alone. Solid or diced. Soft fo
as to cut with a knife. Cronft. 192.
Lin. 33, 6. TV all. 510.

6. Pyrites. Copper Pyrites, or Mundic. Yellow

or yellowifh, or fometimes greenifh.
Copper mineralized with iron, and fre-
quently a fmall proportion of arfenic ;
marcafitical. Cornwall, &c. Cronft.
193. Lin. 33, 4, 5, 7. WeU* 514.
Smith's Cork, vol. II. p. 386, If'oadyj,
torn. I. p. 179, 193, 198,

7. Albidum, White Copper Pyrites. Mineralized

with fulphur, iron, and a confiderable

proportion of arfenic. Texture compact.

D 2 Yql-

o6 METALS.

Yellowifh-white. Heavy, rich, but fcarce.
Cronft. 194. Lin. 32. 8.

FERRUM. Iron. Attracted by the mag-
net ; moft elaftic ; inoit fonorous, ex-
cept copper. Soluble in all acids and
alkaline folutions, water and air. Moft
difficult of fufion ; leaft malleable. Spe-
cific gravity to water as 8 to 1.

r. Ochra. Iron Ochre. Yellow, or brown. Iron
which has been diffolved in the vitriolic
acid, and precipitated in form of a loofe
powder or a friable mafs. In the fiffures
of iron mines in Dean Foreft, &c.
JVoodw. torn. II. p. 1. Cronft. 196. Lin.
50, 1. 49, 5. Wall. 478. Smith's Cork,
vol. TI. p. 368. JVoodw. torn. I. p. 8.
230. N°. 62.

2. Hematites. Blood/tone. Hard, heavy, red, or

brown, or grey ; yielding a red powder,
•when rubbed. Contains a large propor-
tion of iron, tho' not attracted by the
loadftone. Generally found in maffes,
convex on one fide, and of a fibrous tex-
ture. Near Whitehaven, in Cumber-
land, &c JVodw. torn. I. p. 228.
Cronft. 197. Wall 469. Lin. 32, 2,
22, 23.

3. Cryftallinum. Cryftalliv.e Ore. Compofed of

fmall mining cubical or ocloedral parti-
cle?, brown, refembling mareafite. Not
malleable, nor attracted by the load-
ftone,

^

M B T A L S. 37

ftone. Wall. Spec. 252. Cronft. 197.
Lin. 32, 2, J. Foreft of Dean, Lang-
ron in Cumberland, Woodw. torn. 1.
p. 229. Nv Oo, 61. torn. I. p. 225,
n. 16.

4. Selectum. Common Iron Ore. Solid, brown,

or blackifh. Yields a black powder when
rubbed j is attracted by the magnet.
Cronft. 203. Wail. Spec. 254. Lin. 32,
4, 8. Smith's Cork, vol. II. p. 390.
Woodw. torn. I. p. 227.

5. Ccerulefcens. Bluifli Ore. Generally brown on

the outfide. Hard and heavy ; folid or
fcaly » attracted by the magnet ; rich
in iron, and eafily melted. Lin. 32, 19.
Wall. Spec. 256.

6. Magnes. Magnet, or Load/tone. Mineralized

by a fmall proportion of iulphur. Blackifh,
or grey, or brown. Solid or granulated.
Attracts iron, and points north and
fouth. Cronft. 202. Lin. 32, 27. Wall.
Spec. 259. Mendip Hills, Somerier-
fhire ; Devonshire. Woodw. torn. I.
p. 234. torn. II. p. 21.

7. Micaceurn. Glimmer, or Eifenman. Mine-

ralized with Iulphur. Refractory. Scaly,
fhining, brittle, c ark grey. Lin. 32, 1
Cronft. 203.

D 3 8. Ma

3& JlMf-METAtS,

8. Magnefia. Manganefe. Blackifh, radiatedj
fliining j radii generally converging to
a centre. Sometimes fcaly. Friable^
colouring the ringers. Not attracted
by the m gnet. Gives a violet-colour
toglafs. Mendip, Somerfetfhire. Woodw.
torn. I. p. 234. Cronf. 121. Lin. 25,
2» Wall. Spec. 264.

Iron is alfo found in the ores of other metals, and
in mineral waters.

!L SEMI-METALS.

Not malleable,

VISMUTUM. Bifmutb, or Tin-ghfs.
Yellowifh- white ; foft, yet brittle $ tex-
ture laminated. Specific gravity to wa-
ter as 9,700 to 1000. Eafily fufible ;
volatile in the fire. -Soluble in the mi-
neral acids, and in aqua regia. Amal-
gamates eafily with quickfilver, and unites
it fo intimately with other metals, efpe-
cially lead, as to carry them through
leather without feparation.

i. Nativum. Native Bifmuth. Solid in fmall
cubes, or fuperhcial like a cruft on other
bodies. Melts in the flame of a candle.
Found with tin, cobalt and copper ores.

Croitji.

SEMI-METALS. JA

Cronft. 2ii. Lin. 28, I. iVall. Spec.
243-

2. Ochra. Flowers of Bifmutb. Generally yel-

lowifh, in form of an efflorefcence an
various ores, &c. Cronft. III. Z.jh»
50, 7. /%//. £/>«. 245.

3. Mineralizatum. Biftnuth Ore. Mineralized

with fulphur. Grey, of a radiated ap-
pearance, compofed of thin fquare la-
minae, refembling lead-glance. Cronft.
212. Lin. 28, 2, 4. [Vail. Spec. 244.

ZINCUM. Zinc, or Spelter. Bluifh-
white. Texture fibrous, or of parts re-
fembling flat pyramids. Specific gravity
to water as 7 to 1. Melts eafily, and
burns with a yellowifh-green flame,
fubliming in white fmoke. Unites with
all metals, except biftnuth, rendering
them volatile. Soluble in all acids.
Its filings are attracted by the magnet.
Separable from copper by mercury.

1. Cryftallinum. Cryjlallized Zinc. A pure calx

of zinc. Grey, refembling lead fpar, or
an artificial glafs of zinc. Cronft. 215.
Lin. 27, 1.

2. Calaminaris. Calamine. A calx or earth of

zinc, mixt with iron. Yellowish,
or brown. Mendip, Somerfetfhire.
Cronft. 216. Lin. 27, 5. Wall. Spe£m

D 4 248.

^0 SEMI-METALS.

248. Woodw. torn. I. p, 184. torn. II.
p. 19.

3. Rapax. Blend. Mixt with fulphur and iron.

Yellow or black, or brown or red ;
fcaly, often femi-diaphanous, refemb'ing
glafs. Cronft. 217. Lin. 27, 6, 8.
Wall. Spec. 249.

4. Mineralizatum. Ore of Zinc. Mineralized

with fulphur and iron. Of a metallic
appearance ; bluifh-grey, fcaly, or cu-
bical. Cronft . 2 lb . Lin. 27,3. Wall.
Spec. 247.

ANTIMONIUM. Jntimonv. White,
like filvcr. Texture fibrous. Brittle.
Specific gravity to water as 7,500 to
1000. Volatile in the fire Vola-
tilizing other metals, except goldr So-
luble in fpirit of fait, and in aqua regia,
from the laft of which it may be precis
pitated by water. If previoufly melted
with lime, it will amalgamate with mer-
cury. Prevents iron from being atn
trailed by the magnet.

I. Striatum. Striated Antimonial Ore. Mine-
ralized with fulphur. Bluifh-grey, min-
ing, ffriated, and fcaly. Melts in the
flame of a candle. Cronft. 222. Lin.
26, 3. Wall Spec. 238. Cornwall,
Flintfhire. Woodw. torn. I. p. 184. torn,
II, p. 20.

2. Cryftal-.

SEMI-MITALS.

41

2. CryftaMteatum. Cry/laWzcd Antimony, Stri-

ated within, but externally of a crvftal-

line appearance. Wall, iptc. 241. Cronft.

222. Lin. 26, 2. iPoodw. turn. I.

p. 184. Cornwall.

J. Rubrum. Red Antitnonial Ore. Mineralized
with fulphur and arfenic. Alio ftriated ;
but its fibres finer than either of tiie
preceding fpeues. Crcrift, 223. Lin,
20, 4. Wall, Spec. 242.

ARSENICUM. Arfuiic. Originally the
colour of lead ; but being expoled to the
air turns yellow, and then black. Tex-
ture laminated. Extremely volatile in
the fire, rifing in white fmoke, and
fmelling like garlick. Yields a reeu-
lus on being melted with potafhes and
foap ; or by fublimation, mixt with
phlogifton. Soluble in acids, and even
in water by boiling. Unite* with all
metals. Specific gravity of this reguius
to water as 8,308 to 1000.

1, Nativum. Native Arfenic. Soft as black lead,

compofedofhemifpherical laminae. Cronf.
226. Lin. 23, 1.

2. Calci forme. White Arfeni:, Tn form of a

white powder, fometimes crystalline.
Cronjl. 226.

£. Auripigmentum. Orpirr.ent. Mixt with ful-
phur. Yellow or greenifh, or red ; fo-
liated,

42 SEMI-METALS.

liated, fhining. Cron/l. 227. Lin 22>
2, 4.

4. Mineralizatum. White Mundic, or JVhite Py-
rites, or Marcafite. Mineralized with
fulphur and iron. Texture irregular,
or cubical, or prifmatical. Cronjt. 228.
Lin. 23, 5, 6.

Arfenic is alfo difcovered in tin grains, lead fpar,
cobalt ore, copper ore, antimony, &c.

COBALTUxM. Cobalt. Whitifh-grey.
Hard and brittle, not fhining. Fixt in
the fire. Its calx tinges glafs deep blue.
Soluble in the vitriolic and nitrous acids,
and in aqua regia, tinging them red.
Will not unite with bifmuth alone; nor
amalgamate with quickfilver. Specific
gravity to water as 6 to 1.

i. Calciforme. Black Cobalt. Mixt with iron
without arfenic. Either friable in form
of an ochre, or a flag hard and glofly.
Cronjt. 231. Lin. 29, 4.

2. Ochra. Cobalt Ochre, or Cobalt Flowers. Mixt

with the calx of arfenic. Pale red, or
yellowiih. An efflorefcence on cobalt
ores. Cronjt. 232. Lin. 50, 8. Wall.
Spec. 235.

3. Arfenieale. Cobalt Ore. Mineralized with

arfenic and iron. Solid, refembling
ftcel, or cryftallized. Cronjt. 232. Lin,
29, 2. Walk Spec. 231.

4. Cryftal*

SEMI-METAL 9. 43

4. Cryftallinum. Cryjlalline Cobalt Ore. Mine-

ralized with fulphur, iron, and arfenic.
Refembles the laft fpecies, but of a
lighter colour. Cronft. 234. Lin. 29, I.
JValL Spec. 234.

■to

5. Niccolum. Copper-nickel. Mineralized with

fulphur, arfenic, and iron. Reddifh-
yellow, refembling copper. Cronft. 238,
£'"• 33* 19* Wall. Spec. 229.

CLASS

44 PETREFACTIONS.

CLASS V.

PETREFACTIONS.

Animals, or parts of animals or vegetables,
chane-ed into a foffile fubftance.

0

HELMINTHOLITHUS. Vermes. Clafs
VI. vol. I. Lin. Gen. 41.

j. Ammonita, or Cornu Ammonis, or Nautilus.
Serpent Stone. Flat, fpiral, reprefenting
a worm or fmall ferpent, coiled up ; of
various dimenfions, and varioufly itri—
ated ; ridged and ftudded. Found fre-
quently in ftrata of earth and (tones ;
alfo on the fea-fhore. Whitby, in
Yorkfhire ; Pyrton PafTage, in Glocef-
terfhire ; Stoke, in Somerfetfliire. Wall.
Spec. 374, 387. Woodw. torn. I. part ii.
p. 24.

2. Anomites Bivalve; one valve gibbous,

and often perforated at the bafe ; the
other plane, and lefs. Hinge without
teeth. Found in great abundance in
various parts of England ; particularly
at Sherborne, in Glocefterfhire. Vol. I.
p. 200. Wall. Spec. 397. Luld. cap.

14.

PETREFACTIONS. 45

14. Woodw. torn. I. part ii. p. 45
to 51.

3. Gryphites Bivalve, oblong, fome-

what refembling a boat, but narrow,
and remarkably curved upwards at one
end ; the other valve plane. Vol. I.
p. 200. Wall. Spec. 396. Luid. cap. 9.
Lift. Angl. lib. iv. fol. 45. In chalk-
hills, Sec.

4. Judaicus Suppofed to be fpines of

the Echinus ; refembling an olive or
fmall cucumber, with a fhort ftcm ;
fmooth, or ftriated, or ftudded. Found
in many parts of England j particular-
ly in the chalk-pits in Kent. Wall. Spec.
40c. Luid. cap. 16. Plot Oxf. tab. 6.

5. Echinites Roundifh, refembling a

button ; frequently flinty, fparry," or
cretaceous ; with tubercles and lines
regularly diverging from the center,
with marks of an aperture above and
beneath. Surry, Eflex, Kent, Middle-
fex. Vol. I. p. 195. Wall. Spec. 399.
Luid. cap. 15. Woodw. torn. I. part ii.
p. 64. In chalk and gravel pits.

6. Aflrion. Sea Star. Minute, reddim-white,
in form of a ftar or wheel, with four
or five radii ; fomewhat convex in the
center. Detached joints of the next
fpecies. In chalk-pits, &c. Vol. I.
p. 195. Pht Oxf. 85. n. 16. Wall,
Spec. 356.

7. Afteria.

46 PETREFACTIONS.

7. Afteria columnaris Cylindrical, but

pentangular ; generally about an inch
long, and the thicknefs of a quill ; often
crooked, with aftar of five radii at each
extremity. In various parts of England
and Wales. Near Marfton- truffel, in,
Northamptonfhire ; near Whitton, in
Lincolnfhire ; Sherborne, in Glocefter-
fhire ; Shughborough, in Warwickfhire ;
PyrtonPaffage, '&c. Lin. Syjt. Nat. p. 1288.
n. 5. Wall. Spec. 359. Luid cap. 17. Plot
Oxf. torn. II. fol. 2, 3. Morton Nortbamp,
p. 239. Woodw. torn. I. part II, p. 80.

•

8. Entrochus Cylindrical, generally

about an inch long, fometimes much
lefs, and fometimes three inches ; com-
pofed of feveral flat, round joints, with
radii on each difk, and perforated
through the middle. Stainton, in Cum-
berland ; in the river near Moreland, in
Weftmoreland ; Mendip, Somerfetftiirej
Stone Quarry, near Mafk, in Yorkfiiire ;
King's Wefron, Glocefterfhire. Luid.
N°. 1 1 33. Wall. Spec. 357. Syft.Nat.
p. 1288. TVoodw. torn, I, part II.
p. 78.

9. Belemnites Cylindrical, but conical at

one, fometimes at both ends ; fmooth ;
generally about the length and thicknefs
of a finger, with a conical cavity at the
bafe, which cavity is often filled with a
nucleus, called alveolus. When broken,
appears to be compofed of longitudinal
fibres, with others from the centre to the

ciicum-

PETRIFACTIONS. 47

circumference. In various ftrata, parti-
cularly lime-ftone, in many parts of
England and Wales. Syft. Nat. p. 1295.
and vol. III. p. 170. (Vail. Spec. 355.
Luid. cap. 23. Woodw. torn. I. p. 106.

SO. Tubiporus A congeries of coralline

tubes, parallel or varioufly curved ; found
frequently loofe in different ftrata, and
often immerfed in ftone. On the fhore
near Sunderland, in the bifhopric of
Durham ; Yorkshire, &c. Syft.. Nat.
Gen. 336. Luid. cap. 17. Wall. Spec.
330. Woodw. torn. I. p. 130, 132. torn.
II. p. 10.

11. Madreporus. Coral, branched, with ftars at

the extremity of each branch. Broad-
well Grove, Glocefterfhire, &c. Syft.
Nat. p. 1272. Wall. Spec. 328. Luid,
cap. 2.. Wtodw, torn. I. p. 131.

12. Millepora. Coral, branched, with the fur-

face and extremities punclured, as if
pierced with the point of a ifeedle. Near
Dudley, Staffordfhire, &c. Syft. Nat.
p. 1282. Wall. Spec. 329. Luid. cap. 2.
Vol. I. p. 208. Woodw. torn. I. p. 130.

13. Aftroites. Star Stone. Coral, folid, texture

tubular, of various fhape, often refem-
bling a mufhroom ; furface covered with
ftars, which are the extremities of the
tubes of which it iscompofed. Glocef-
terfhire, Northamptonshire, &c. In

gravel-

4.8 PETREFACTIONS.

gravel-pits. Near Glanmire river, Cork,
Smith, vol. II. p. 381. Laid. n. 160.
Wcodw. torn. I. p. I42-

14. Trochus. Top-Shelf. Single, fpiral, fub-

conic ; apertures fomewhat angular, or
oval; columella oblique. Syft. Nat. Gen.
326. Vol.1, of this work, p. 207. Brand.

fof. hant. fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5' 6- Luid- caP'
7". Wall. Spec. 377. Wodiv. torn. I.
part ii. p. 31.

15. Turbo. Screw-Shell. Single, fpiral, foltd ;

aperture fmali, orbicular, contracted,
entire. Vol. I. 204. Syft. Nat. Gen.
357. Brand, fof. hant. fig. 7, 8, 27,
47, 48, 49, 5c. Luid. p. 20.

16. Dentaiium. Tooth-Shell. Single, tubular, ta-

pering to a point, ft/aright cr nearly fo,
pierced at each end. Syft. Nat. p. 1263.
Wall. Spec. 373. Brand, fof. hant. fig. 9,
10, 11. IVoodiv. torn. I part ii. p. 23.

17. Serpula Single, tubular, cylindrical,

almoft ftraight* fmooth. Syft. Nat. p.
1264. Brand, fof. hant. fig. 12. Woodw.
torn. I. partii. p. 37.

i3. Murcx Single, fpiral; aperture

oblong, ending in a long ftraight beak
or canula. Syft. Nat. p. 1213. Brand.
fof. hant. fig. 13, 17, &c. p. 2.

19. Buccinum Single, fir .1 ; the firft

volution much larger than the reft ;

aperture

pITREFACTION!, ^g

aperture oblong, ending in a fhort dex-
ter canula. Syji. Nat. p. 1190. Brandy
fof. bant. fig. 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20. 43,
56, 63, 71, ffoodw. torn. I. part u,
p. 36, 78.

20. Conus. . . . Single, convoluted, turbinated ;

aperture long, narrow, plain, bafe entire j
columella fmooth. Syji. Nat. p. 1165,
Brand, fof. hant. fig. 21, 22, 24.

21. Voluta. .... Single, fpiral, fub-cylindrical ;

aperture long.

22. Bulla. . . . . Single, convoluted, oblong or

oval, fmooth; aperture long, narrow;
bafe entire; columella oblique. Syji.
Nat. p. ji8i. Brand, fof. hant. fi»- 29 ,

6i> 75>

23. Strombus Single, fpiral; aperture with

the lip generally dilated, ending in 3,
JTinifter canula. Syji. Nat. p. 1207.
Branfifoj. hant. fig. 42, 64 to 69, 76.
Columella often plicated and fpinous.

24. Hflix. Snail. Single, fpiral, thin, brittle;

aperture contracted, lunated on the in-
fide, fubrotund. Vol. L p. 204. Syji.
Nat. p. 1 241. Brand, fof. hant. fig; 57,
58, 59, 60. Woqdyj. torn. J. part ii»
p, 108.

25. Qftrea. Oijitr, and Scaliqp. Bivalve, inequiff

valve. Hinge without teeth, with ait

oval cavity. Vulva anufvt nulla. Tranff

Yo*. \}i: f '% verlf

5o

PETREFACTIONS.

verfe fai*. Vol. I. p. 200. M. 2v«r.
p. 1 144. Brand, fif. ham f fig. 83, 88,
La/W. cap. 8, &c. #Ww. torn. 1.

ic

part ii. p. 38> 42. torn. II. p. 4°-
Glocefterfhire ; Berkfhire near Reading;
Woolwich, Kent; Oxfordfhire ; Nor-
thamptonfliire.

26 Chama. Bivalve, thick; binge a gibbous
callus infeftcd in an oblique groove.
Lin. Syji. Nat. p. M 33- Brand, hg. 84.
85, 86, 87, 100.

on Tellina. Bivalve. In the fore part of one

• fhell a convex, in the other a concave

fold. Hingeof three teeth. Glocefterfhire.

Vol. Ii P. 198. W- N(it- p- "j6*

Brand, fof. hant. fig- 89, 102. Woodw*
torn. I. part ii. p. 6j.

a8 Venus Bivalve, anterior margin incum-
bent. Hinge with three teeth. Vulva and
anus diftinit. Vol. I. p. 199- Syf. Nat.
p. 1 128. Brand, fof. bant. fig. 90, 91,
93, 94> 104, 105.

2o. Cardium. Cockle. Bivalve, equivalve, with
two middle teeth, alternate ; lateral teeth
remote, inferted. Vol. I. p. 198. ty/r.
Nat. p. 1 121. Brand fof. hant hg.
92, 96, 98, 99- Heart-fhaped. Clay-
pit at Richmond in Surry; Shereborn,
Glocefterfhire ; Harwich -Cliff; Shoo-
ter's-Hill ; and in huge mafks or grey
lime-ftone near Cattle Saffron in the

county

PETRIFACTIONS. gt

county of Cork. Smithy vol. II. p. 374..
Wood™, torn. 1. part ii. p. 53.

30. Mya Bivalve, open atone end; hinge

with a broad thick tooth, not let into
the oppofite fhell. Vol. I. p. 197. Syfi.
Nat. n 12. Brand, f of. bant. fig. 95.
Lijl. Angl. torn. II. f. 30.

3L Area Bivalve, equivalve ; teeth of the

hinge numerous, acute, alternate, inferr-
ed. Harwich Cliff; Shotover hill, Ox-
fordfhire ; various parts ofGloceflerfhire.
Lin. Syji. Nat. p. 1140. Brand, f of. bant.
fig. 97. 10 1. 106. TVoodw. torn. I. part
ii. p. 52.

32. Solen Bivalve, oblong, open at each

fide j hinge with a fingleor double conic
bent tooth, not inferted in the oppofite
valve. Vol. I. p. 197. Syfi. Nat. p. 1113.
Brand, fof. bant. fig. 103. TVoodw. torn.
I. part ii. p. 63. In many parts of
Glocefterfhire.

33. Mytilus. Mufcle. Bivalve, equivalve, oblong,

rough ; hinge without teeth, diftinct,
with a Tubulated hollow longitudinal
line. In various parts of Glocefterfhire.
Vol. I. p. 201. Brand, fof. bant. fig. 124.
Syfi. Nat. p. 1 155. Luid. cap. 8. Smith's
Cork, vol. II. p. 380. TVoodw. torn. I.
part ii. p. 58. 62.

34. Patella. Limpet. Shell fingle, fubconic, not

voluted. In ftone quarriei in Gloceiler-
E 2 (hire,

5* PIT&E FACTIOUS.

(hire, Harwich Cliff, &c. but very rare,
Vol. I. p. t©7. Woodw. torn. I. par?
ii. p. 23. Wall. Spec. 370.

%5- Cypnea. A fingle (hell, involuted, oval, ob-
tufe, fmooth ; aperture dentated, longi-
tudinal. Vol. I. p. 202. Syjl. Nat. nj2.
Woodw. torn. I. part ii. p. 35. §. 3.
In a clay-pit at Richmond, Surry.

36. Pholas. Bivalve, with one or more irregular
fmall valves at the hinge, which is re-
curved. Vol. I. p. 196. Harwich Cliflj".
Woodw. torn. I. part ii. p. 63.

PHYTOLITHUS. Vegetables. Vol. 1\.

1. Plantae. Grafs, Reeds, Horfetail, &c. Found fre-

quently in the black flate called plate,
immediately above the pit-coal, in vari-
ous parts of England. See Shiftus. Alfo
in detached nodules. Lin. 42, I.
Brand, fof bant. fig. 122. Woodw. torn.
I. part ii. p. 10, 11.

2. Filices. Ferns. Found frequently in the black

flate (fee Shiftus) above the pit-coal,
at Newcaftleand in other parts of Eng-
land. Lin. 42, 2. Luid. cap. 3. Woodw.
torn. I. part ii. p. 9, 12.

3. Lithoxylon. Petrefed wood. Found buried

in the earth, and (ometimes in lakes, as
in Lough Neagh in Ireland. Lin. 42,
4. Luid. cap. 4. Woodw. torn. I. part

ii.

UTREFACTIONS. 53

ii. p. ao. Harwich Cliff, Woidw. torn,
II. p. 57.

4. Rhizolithus. Roots of trees and plants. Found

buried in the earth. Lin. 42, 3. Woodw.
torn. I. part ii. p. 18.

5. Lithophyllum. Leaves of trees, particularly

Oak, found petrefied or incrufted in wa-
ter impregnated with calcareous matter;
as at Knaresborough in Yorkfhire, &c.
Alfo imprcfled in ftone. Lin. 42, 5.

6. Carpolithus. Fruits, particularly imprefllons

of the cones of pines, hazel, oak. Lin.
42, 7. Woodw. torn. I. part ii. p. 16,
21. torn. II. p. 92.

200LITHUS. Mammalia. Vol. I. Clafs I.

i. Cervi. Stags boms, particularly of the moufe-
deer, often found buried in the ground
in fome mountains in England and Ire-
land. Woodw. Metb. 124. Cat. torn. I.
part ii. p. 86.

2. Elephantis. Elephants tujks, grinders, bones, &c.

Woodw. Metb. 12^ Cat. part ii. p. 86.

3. Turcofa. Bone tinged green by copper, found

in copper mines in Cumberland. Woodw.
torn. I. part ii. p. 87.

4. Os. Animal bones. Brand, fof. fig. 118, 119,

E 3 120.

<j4 pITRlFACTIONS.

120, 121. Woodw. torn. I. part ii.
p. 87.

AMPHYBIOLITHUS. Amphibia. Vol.
I. Clafs III. Lin, Syft. Nat. Vol. III.
gen. 38.

I. Gloflbpetrae. Sharks teeth. Somewhat refem-
bling a tongue with the root, or like the
head of an arrow ; black, or bluifli, or
brown, from half an inch to four inches
in length, polifhed. Found on the Ken-
tifh coaft, alfo in ftrata of clay at Rich-
mond in Surry, at Harrow on the Hill,
at Highgate, Iflington, &c. Laid. cap.
19. Brand, fof. hant. fig. in, 112,113,
114, 115. Woodw. torn. I. part ii. p.
S3. Found alfo at Whitney in Oxford-
fliire.

a. Plectronites. Cod Spurs. The teeth of an un-
known fifh. Conical, fharp-pointed,
without root, often bent ; from a quarter
of an inch to two inches long j or brown,
or grey, or black, polifhed. Frequent-
ly found in ftone quarries in many parts
of England. Luid. cap. 19. Woodw,
torn. I. part ii. p. 84.

ICHTHYOLITHUS. Fijhes. See Vol. I.
Clafs VI.

I. Totalis. Impreflion of an intire flat fifh found
in blackifli flate in Wales. Luid. Ep. I.

tab.

PET RE r A C TlON S. 55

tab. 22. fig. 2. Lin. S*Jl. Nat. vol. Ilk
gen. 39, Is

2. Bufonites. Molares of the Sga-wolf. Vol. J.

p. 68. Ufually roundifh and hollowed
like a cup, from the fifce or" a fmall pea
to near an inch in diameter; black, or
grey, or brown, fometimes variegated,
always finely polifhed. I Vail. Spec. 350.
Luid. cap. 2C .In various parts of Eng-
land, particularly near Whitney in
Oxfordfhire. IVoodw. torn. I. part ii.
p. 84.

3. Siliquaftra. Fojfile Pods. Suppofed to be the

bony palates of different fifties, often
refembling half the pod of the lupine,
or other leguminous plant, filled with
frony matter, fometimes extremely mi-
nute, and fometimes near two inches long ;
or brown, or black, or bluifh. Frequent-
ly found in irone quarries near Shere-
born in Glocefterfhire, Whitney in Ox-
fordfhire, Grafton in Northamptonfhire,
Farrington in Berkfhire, Sec. Brand, f of.
bant. fig. 116, 117. Luid. n. 1440. Woodw,
torn. I. part ii. p. 85.

4. Vertebra. Vertebrae of fifties of various gene-

ra, often found in pits and quarries in
different parts ofthe kingdom, particu-
larly at Richmond in Surry; alio on the
cliff's of Sheppy Ifland, Pyrton Paflage,
&c. Luid. cap, 22. Brand, foj. hunt.
E 4 fig

/
$6 rETRBFACTIONt.

fig. 108, 109, no. Wot&w. torn* h
part ii. p 8a.

£&TOMOtlTHtJS. Infers. Vol. t
Clafs V. p. 85.

i. Cancri. Crafo. Claws or parts of claws, found in
pits, &c. in feveral parts of England.
Luid. cap. 18. Two fmall crabs found
in the cliffs at Folktfone hear Dover.
Woodvj. torn. L part ii. p, tii.

fcRAPTQLITHUS. Stones on which
various figures are depicted by fome
foflile fluid or vapour.

S» Dendrites. Reprefenting flirubs, or plants*
or mols. On various ftones, flates, and
flints, found in different parts of Eng-
land, particularly on a whitifh ftone in
Sella Park in Cumberland. JVooAw*
to. I* p. 239.

CLASS

# a t i i. $7

CLASS, vr.

WATER.

Not inflammable ; very little, if at all, corri-
preffible; foluble in air; by heat
rendered volatile and extremely elaflic ;
fluid when Fahrenheit's thermometer
ftands above 32 degrees, and folid when
it is below that point.

PURE or COMMON WATER. Pel-
lucid, colourlefs, inodorous, infipid.
Diflblves falts, gums, mucilages. Mif-
cible with vinous fpirits. Specific gravi-
ty to gold as iooo to 19,640.

1. Dew. Suppofed to be the lighted and moft pure

2. Rain, Next to dew in purity; it is neverthelefs

impregnated with variety of heteroge-
neous matter, particularly calcareous
earth and lb me neutral falts. Berliu
Mem. An. 1751. p. 131.

3. Snow, Hail, Ice. Equally pure, if not more fo,

than rain-water ; its contents nearly
the fame.

4. Spring-water. Differently impregnated, accord-

ing to the foil through which they pafs,

with

^8 WATER.

with felenites, earth, and other foffile
matter.

5. River-water. Befides foffile impregnations,

contains great variety of animal and
vegetable iubftances.

6. Pond-water. Contains moft animal and vege-

table matter; therefore moft liable to
putrefaction, and confequently leaft fit
for ufe.

ALKALINE WATER. Impregnated
with foffile alkali per fe* Effervefces
with all acids; changes fyrup of violets
and other vegetable blues to green ;
precipitates folutions of calcareous earths
in acids ; and of fal ammoniac or alum
in water; becomes opaque and white
with folutions of filver, lead, or mercury,
in the nitrous acid ; precipitates iron
from the vitriolic or nitrous acid.

1. Clifton, Oxford/hire. Limpid, with very little

talle. A gallon yields about 70 grains
of refiduum. Contains, befides foffile
alkali, a fmall proportion of calcareous
earth, and another fait, probably fal
cath. amar. Rutty. Syn. p. 429. Shorty
vol. II. p. 133. Monro, vol. I. p. 82.

2. Glaffonbury, Somer ft/hire. Contains a fmall

proportion of alkali and fome fea-falt.
A gallon yields about 30 grains of refi-
duum

WATER. 59

duum by evaporation. Rutty. Monro, vol.
I. p. 84.

3. Tilbury, EJfix. Not perfectly limpid at the

weil. Curdles with foap, but not with
milk. Turns milky when boiled, but
rendered clear by acids. Contains much
air, foffile alkali, and calcareous earth.
A gallon yield j on evaporation about
200 grains of rdiduum. Rutty. Andre,
Monro, vol. I. p. 78.

Ireland.

4. St. Bartholomew's Well, Cork. Mixes uni-

formly with foap. A gallon yields
by evaporation about 24 grains of rcfi-
duum, confuting chiefly of follile alkali.
Monro, vol. I. p. 85.

5. Cape Clear, Cork. Lathers with foap. A gal-

lon yields about 30 grains of refiduum,
confuting chiefly of foflile alkali, with
a fmal 1 quantity of fea-falt. Monro,
vol. I. p. 86.

6. Carrick-moor, Cavan. Taftes foft, like Briflol

water ; curdles foap, and depofites a
white fediment with I x. tartari. Con-
tains an alkaline fait, fal cath. amar.
and calcareous earth, probably deprived
of its fixt air. Rutty. Monro, vol. I.
p. 85.

7. Tober Bony, Dublin, four miles north. La-

ther*

6» W A T E ft.

thcrs eafily with foap. A gallon yieIJi
about 20 grains of refiduum, cor.Afting
of an alkaline fait and calcareous earth.
Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 84.

feALT WATER. Impregnated with a
predominant fea-falt. Precipitates fo-
lutions of lilver, lead, or mercury, in a
white cloud. Its falts eafily diftinguifh-
ed, on evaporation, by their cubical cryf-
tals. When limply impregnated, is in
no refpect affected by acids, alkalis,
vegetable aftringents, or fyrup of violets.
Decompofed by the vitriolic or nitrous
acid.

I. Sea- Water. Contains fea-falt in large propor-
tion, calcareous earth, bittern, and a
fmall quantity of oil.

England.

2* Barrow-dale, Cumberland. Contains a large
proportion of fea-falt, fome calcareous
earth, and a little Epfom fait. Short,
vol. II. p. 85. Rutty. Monro, vol. 1.
p. 118.

3. Dortshill, Staffordjbirt. Contains fea-falt, cal-

careous earth, and bittern. Short, 8vo.
1765. Monro, vol. I. p. 122.

4. St. Erafmus's Well, Stofordjhire, on Lord

Chetwynd'seftate. Colour of fack, with
little tafte or frnell. Contains a fmall

quantity

W A T I R. 6l

quantity of fea-falt, fome earth, and a
little Epfom fait. Short. Rutty. Monro,
Vol. I. p. 121.

5. Leamington, JVarvuukJhire. Contains a fmall

proportion of fea-falt, a little calcareous

earth, and alfo fome fal cath. amar.

Sborty vol. II. p. 87. 133. Rutty. Monro,

vol. I. p. 119.

§, Rougham, Lancajhlre. Contains 3 fmall quan-
tity of fea-falt, fome calcareous earth,
fal cath. amar. and natron. Short, vol.
II. p. 85. 132, Rutty. Monro, vol. I.
p. 120.

7. Salt Springs, Chejbire. Northwich, Droitwich,

Upv/ich, Middlewich, Namptwich ;
Barton in Lancafhire, Wefton in Staf-
fordftiire, &c. Short, vol. II. p. 85.
Monro, vol. I. p. J 12. Contain a very
large proportion of fea-falt.

Wain,

8. Cargyrle, Flint/hire. Contains a fmall propor-

tion of fea-falt, a litt'e calcareous earth,
and fal cath. a?nar. Short, vol. II. p.
86. Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 121.

Ireland,

9. Carrickfergus, Antrim. Contains fome fea-falt,

infoluble earth, and a little Epfom fait.
M:nro, vol. I. p. 122.

10. Kilroot,

62 WATER.

10. Kilroot, Antrim. Contains fea-fak, a large

proportion of.infoluble matter, and fome
little Epfom fait. Monro, vol. I. p.
123.

1 1. Mahereberg, Kerry. Contains fea-falt and

Epfom fait. Rutty. Smith's Nat. Hijt.
of Kerry. Monro, vol. I. p. 123.

CATHARTIC WATER. Impregnated
with a predominant bitter purging fait,
commonly called by writers on mineral
waters, Calcareous Glauber's fait, or,
with more propriety, Magnefia Glau-
ber's fait, or Epfom fait ; com po fed of
vitriolic acid and magnefia alba. Preci-
pitates folutions of filver, lead, or quick-
filver, in the nitrous acid, in a yellow
cloud. Is not affected by acids, but
precipitates with an alkali. Cryftals re-
femble thofe of Glauber's fait.

England.

1. Alford, Somer Jet {hire. A gallon contains about

four fcruples of Epfom fait, about half
that quantity of fea-falt, and one fcruple
of calcareous earth. Guidot. Rutty.
Monro, vol. I. p. 132.

2. Acton, Middle/ex. Taftes bitter and faltifh ;

a powerful cathartic. Contains Epfom
fait, and probably felenites, befides fome
calcareous earth. Rutty. Monro, vol. I.
p. 144.

3. Alkerton,

WATER. 63

3. Alkerton, Glocejlerjhire. Contains a large pro-

portion of Epfom fait, calcareous eaith,
and a little fea fait. Short, 8vo, 1765.
Monro, vol. I. p. 148.

4. Bagnigge, Mlddlefex. A bride purgative. Con-

tains Epfom fait, (ea-falt, and calca.eous
earth. Bevls Experlm. Enqui-y, 1760.
Monro, vol. I. p. 142.

5. Barnet, Hertford/hire. Contains a large pro-

portion of Epfom fait, a little fea- fait,
and fomeinfoluble earth. Rutty. Mon-
ro, vol. I. p. 143.

6. Ball-well, Lincoln/hire, at Stenfield. Contains

Epfom fait in fmall quantity, a confider-
abie proportion of earth, and fome fea-
falt. Short, vol. I. p. 107. Monro,
vol. I. p. 149.

7. Comner, Berkjhlre. Colour whitifh. Con-

tains Epfom fait, fome calcareous earth,
and, according to Rutty, a mixture of
natron. Short, vol. II. p. 80. Monro,
vol. I. p. 141.

S. Dog an'} Duck, Surry. A weak cathartic.
Contains Epfom fait and fea-falt, with
one twelfth of the refiduum of infoluble
matter. Hales Phil. Tranf. N°. 493.
Rutty, p. 168. Monro, vol. I. p. 136.

9. Duhvich, Kent. Clear, fomewhat brackifh^

anj

64 W A T E It,

gnd bitter. Contains Epfom fait an<J
fea-falt in nearly equal proportion, and
a little calcareous earth. Rutty, p. 170.
Monro, vol, I. p. 133.

I0f Epfom, Surry, Limpid, with a flight faline
tajte. Contains fal catty, amar. in large
proportion, calcareous earth, and proba-
bly lelenites. Rutty, Lucas, Jlltn.
Monro, vol. I. p. 146.

1 1. £Ianlys, Shropfhire. A ftropg cathartic. Taftei

fait ana bitterifh ; contains a large pro-
portion of Epfom fait, and fome mfolu-
ble earth. Lindtn Hift. 1768. Monro,
vol. I. p. 140.

12. Holt, IViltfbtre. Limpid, with very little taftc

Contains Epfom fait and calcareous
earth in nearly equal proportion, and a
little fea-falt. Rutty. Monro, vol. I.

P- J34«

13. Kinalton, Nottingbamfiire. Clear, faltifh. Con-

tains £pfom fait, and a very pure calcare-
ous earth. Rutty. Monro, vol. I .p. 138.

14. Morton-fee, Shropjhire. A mild purgative.

Contains Epfom fait and fome calcareous
earth. Short, vol. {I. p. 81.

15. North-hall, Hertfordjh'tre, near Barnet. Con-

tains a large proportion of Epfom-falt, a
little fea-falt, and fome calcareous earth.
Ratty. Monro, vol. I. p. J43.

16. Pancras^

W A T £ R. 65

16. Paticras, Middlejex. A mild purgative. Con-

tains Epfom fait, a little fea-falt, and
fome infoluble earth, Monro, vol. T»
p. 142.

17. Stretham, Surry. Curdles with foap, and alfo

with milk when boiled with it. Con-
tains Epfom fait, fea- fait j and felenites.
Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 135.

18. Sydenham, Kent. A mild cathartic. Con-

tains Epfom fait, fea-falt, and fome cal-
careous earth. Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p.
138.

19. Nevil Holt, Leicefterjhire, near Market-Har-

borough. Contains a confiderable pro-
portion of Epfom fait, fome calcareous
earth, felenites, fixt air, vitriolic acid,
iron, and poflibly a little alum. Short,
o&avo, 1765. p. 156. Monro, vol. I.
p. 436. Rutty.

Wales.

20. Llandrindod, Radnor. Contains Epfom fait,

fea-falt, and fome earth. Linden. Mon-
ro, vol. I. p. 149.

It e land.

21. Carrickfergus, Antrim. Colour bluiih ; con-

tains a fmall quantity of Epfom fait,
fome calcareous earth, and a little fea-
falt. Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 15 r.

Vol. III. F SUL-

66 W A T B IL.

SULPHUR WATER. Water contain-
ing Sulphur per fe diffufed, or hepar ful-
pburis diflblved ; of which laft kind are-
moft, if not all, the fulphur-waters in
thefe kingdoms. Strikes a black colour
with a folution of lead in the nitrous acid,
or of face, faturni in water ; tarnifhes fil-
ver j fmells like the wafhing of a foul
gun j becomes milky with acids.

England.

i. Afkeron, York/hire, near Doncafter. Perfe&ly
clear; contains much fulphur, Epfom
fait, a little fea-falt, and a large
proportion of earth. Short, vol. L
p. 303. Monro, vol. L p. 212.

2. Bilton, Yorkjhire, near Knarefborough. Con*

tains fulphur, natron, a little fea-falt,
and fome earth. Short, vol.1, p. 296.
Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 18 1.

3. Broughton, Lancajhire. Contains a confidera-

3 ble proportion of fulphur, fea-falt, Ep»
fom fait, and earth. Short, vol. I. p. 300,
Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 200.

4. Buglawton, Chejhire, near Congleton* Ex-

tremely cold : Contains fulphur, a fmali
proportion of Epfom fait, and a little cal-
careous earth. Short, vol. II. p. 62.

Monro t vol. I. p. 215.

5, Cbadling-

WATER. 67

5. Chadlington, Oxford/hire. Taftes faltifh ; con-

tains fulphur, natron, a little fea-falt,
and fome earth. Short, vol. II. p. 70.
Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 181.

6. Crickle, Lancajhire, near Braughton. Contains

much fulphur, fea-falt, Epfom fait, and
fon>e calcareous earth. Short, vol. I.
p. 300. Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 199.

7. Cunley-houfe, Loncajhlre, near Whaley. Co-

Jour bluifh. Contains fulphur, magne-
fia Glauber's fait, and earth. Short%
vol. II. p. 60. Monro, vol. I. p. 214.

%. Codfall Wood, Stafford/lnre, near Wolverhamp-
ton. Contains a considerable quantity
of fulphur, with very little calcareous
earth. Short, vol. II. p. 63. Monro^
vol. I. p. 218.

9. Croft, Yorkjhire, near the bjfhopric of Dur-

ham. Clear, fparkling. Contains ful-
phur, much calcareous earth, fome Ep-
fom fait, and a little fea-falt. Shorty
vol. I. p. 299. vol. II. p. 134.

10. Cawley, Derby/hire, near Dranefield. Con-

tains fulphur, Epfom fait, and a little
calcareous earth. Short, vol. I. p. 305,
Monro, vol. I. p. 213.

11. Durham, on the north fide of the river.

Contains fulphur, fome fea-falt, and a
F 2 Jiwl«

68 W A T X R.'

Jittle earth. Shorty vol. I. p. 305.
Monro, vol. I. p. 202.

12. Deddington, Oxford/hire, near Banbury. Con-

tains fuLhur, iron, and fea-falt, ac-
cording to Short ; but in Rutty $ opinion
it is a foffile alkali. If that were the
cafe, how happens this fofiile alkali not
to exp 1 the iron from its acid, and form
Glauber's fait ?

13. Drig-well, Cumberland, near Ravenglas. A

clear, brifk water, containing fulphur
and iron. Short, vol. II. p. 63. Mon-
ro, vol. I. p. 453.

14. Gainjborough, Lincolnfhire. Contains ful-

phur, a little iron, and fome magnefia
Glauber's fait. Short, vol. II. p. 69.
Monro, vol. I. p. 454.

15. Harrigate, Yorkflnre. Contains a confiderable

proportion of fulphur and fea-falt, a lit-
tle magnefia Glauber's fait, and fome
earth. Short, vol. I. p. 285. Memo,
vol. I. p. 193.

16. Keddlefton, Derby/hire. Contains a large

proportion of fulphur, with fea-falt and
calcareous earth. Short, vol. I. p. 305.
Monro, vol. I. p. 201.

17. Loanfbury, Ycrkjlrire, in Lord Burlington's

park. Contains a little fulphur, Epfom

fait,

WATER. 69

fait, and earth. Shorty vol. II. p. 61.
Monro, vol. I. p. 215.

18. MauJfley, Lancajhire, near Prtfton. Colour

bluifh ; faltifli tafte ; contains a large
p.oportion of fulphur, fea-falt, and a
little calcareous earth. S'Kit, vol II.
p. 63. Rutty. ALnio, vol. i. p. 198.

19. Nottington, Dorfdjhlre, near Weymouth.

Contain* fulphur, natron, and a little
earth. Rut y, p. 519. Monro, vol. I,
p. 1S3.

20. Normanby, York/hire, near Pickering. Clear,

but coverea with a bluefcum. Contains
niuch mephitic air, foixie fulphur, a little
bitter purging ialt, and fome lea-falt.
Short, vol. 1, p. 299. Monro, vol, I.
p. 210.

*

21. Quin Camel, Somerfetflnre. Contains ful-

phur, natron, a Jittle fea-ialt, and fome
earth. Rutty. Monro, vol.1, p. 182.

22. Rippon, TorkJJnre. Contains fulphur, fea-

fait, Epfoin fait, and a Urge proportion
of earth. Short, 8vo, 1765, p. 72.
Monro, vol. I. p. 203.

23. Sutton-bog, Oxfurdjhire. A mild cathartic ;

fmelis extremely - foetid ; taltes faltifh j
throws up a blue fcum. Contains ful-
phur, foiftle alkali, iome fea-falt, and a
F 3 little

ifQ WATER.

little earth. Short, vol. II. p* 70. Rutty*
Monro , vol. I. p. 179.

24. Shattlewood, Derbyjhire. Contains a little
fulphur, a good deal of fea-falt, and a
fmall quantity of earth. Short, vol. L
p. 304.

23. Skipton, TorkJJnre. Contains fulphur, fea-
falt, Epfom fait, with fome earth. Short%
8vo, 1765, p. 71. Monro, vol. I.
p. 203.

26. Shapmoor, Weftmoreland, between Shap and

Orton. Contains much fulphur and
Epfom fait, with a little fea-falt and
earth* Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 217.

27. Thof parch, Yorkjhire, above Tadcafter, on the

river Wharf. Contains a little fulphur,
iron, fea-falt, and Garth,. Monro, vol. I.
p. 454.

28. Upminfter, EJJex, near Brentwood. Contains

much fuiphur, Epfom fait, and natron,
(according to Dr. Rutty) with fome
earth. Rutty. ' Monro, vol. I. p. 2x8.

29. Wiggl ..jinre, r. ear Settle. Black,

covered with a white fcum. Taftes
faltifh ; lathers with foap. Contains
fulphur, natron, a little fea-falt, and
fome black earth. Rutty. Short, vol. I.
p. 302. Monro, vol. I. p. 180.

30. Wardrew,

W A T E

30. Ward tew, Northumberland, on the river Arden.

Contains a very confiderable proportion
offulphur, a fmall quantity of fea- fait,
and very little earth. Shorty vol. II.
p. 62. Monro, vol. I. p. 202.

31. Wirkfworth, Derbyjhire. Colour black. Con-

tains a little fulphur, bitter fait, and
iron. Short, vol. I. p. 307. Monro,
vol. I. p. 219.

Ireland.

32. Anaduff, Leitrim. Contains fulphur, natron,

calcareous Glauber's falt,(as we are told)
with fome calcareous earth. Monro,
vol. I. p. 189.

33. Aphaloo, Tyrone. Contains fulphur, na-

tron, and (according to Rutty) cal-
careous, or rather rnagnefia Glauber's
fait, with a fufpicion of a fmall chaly-
beate impregnation. Monro, vol. I.
p. 189.

34. Afhwood, Fermanagh. Contains fulphur,

natron, and Epfom fait, as we are told.
Monro, vol. I. p. 187.

35. Ballynahinch, Down. A very clear chaly-

beate, containing forrie fulphur, and a
neutral fait of fqme fort or other. Rutty.
Monro, vol. I. p. 455.

F 4 36. Cattle-

J2 WATER.

36. Caftlemaign, Kerry. Contains fulphur, iron,

and a fait of fome fort. Rutty. Monro,
vol.1, p. 455.

37. Drumgoon, Fermanagh. Contains fulphur,

natron, a little fea fait, and fome info-
luble matter. Rutty. Monro , vol. I.
p. 183.

38. DerryleMer, Cavan. Somewhat lighter than

common water. Contains a large pro-
portion of fulphur, fome natron, very
little fea fait, and fome earth. Rutty.
Monro, vol. I. p. 185.

39. Derryhence, Fermanagh. Contains fulphur,

natron, and fea -fait. Rutty. Monro,
vol. I. p. 187.

40. Drumafnave, Leitrim. Contains a confidera-

ble proportion of fulphur, fome natron,
Epfom fait, and infoluble earth. Rutty \
Monro, vol. I. p. 188.

I. Derrindaff, Cavan. Contains fulphur, fome
Epfom fait, and a little earth. Rutty,
Monro, vol, I. p, 220.

42. Killafher, Fermanagh. Contains fulphur in
considerable proportion, fome natron,
and alfo fea-falt, together with Jal cath.
atnarum, according to Dr. Rutty. Mon-
ro, vol. I. p. 186.

43. Lilbeak,

WATER. 73

43. Lifbeak, Fermanagh. Contains fulphur, na-

tron, and a little earth.. Rutty. Man-,
ro, vol. L p. 186.

44. Mechan, Fermanagh. Contains fulphur, na-

tron, and fea-falt. Rutty. Monro, vol,
I, p. 187.

45. Owen Ereun, Cavan. Contains fulphur,

Epfom fait, and a fmall portion of na-
tron, (according to Dr. Rutty) with
fome calcareous earth, and fome thing
eife. Monro, vol. I. p. 220.

46. Pettigoe, Donegal. Contains a large propor*

tion of fulphur, Epfom fait, and a little
earth. Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 221.

47. Swadlingbar, Cavan. Generally covered with

a bluifh fcum. Contains fulphur, na-
tron, Eplom fait, and calcareous earth.
Rutty. Monro, vol. I, p. 184.

Wales.

48. Llandrindod, Radnor. Contains fulphur and

fea-falt. Linden^ Monro, vol. I. p,
204.

Scotland.

49, Carftarphin, near Edinburgh. Contains a lit-

tle fulphur, fea-falt, and Epfom fait,

with

~Q W A T K R»

with fome earth. Short. Monro, vol. I.
p. 209.

co. Moffat, Annandak. Bluifh colour ; contains
a considerable proportion of fulphur,
fea-falt, and a little earth. Plummer.
Med. EJfays, vol. I. art. 8. Monro, vol. I.
p. 105.

COPPER WATER. Impregnated with
copper diflblved in vitriolic acid. Turns
blue with cauftic volatile alkali. Pre-
cipitated by iron.

Ireland.

I. Ballymurtogh, Wicklow. A gallon yields (even
drachms and a half of fediment on eva-
poration, from which were obtained
ereen and bluifh cryftals, and alfo a
Tittle white vitriol, according to Dr.
Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 235.

2 Cronebaun, JVicklow. Near the laft, but on
the oppofite fide of the river Arklow.
Yielded, on evaporation of a gallon,
four drachms and fixteen grains of fedi-
ment, which contained blue and green
vitriol. Rutty. Monro, vol. 1. p.
236.

-IALYBEATE WATER. Iron dif-
tolval in the vitriolic acid. Strikes a

black

WATER. 75

black or purple colour with vegetable
aftringents, especially with the addition
of an alkali or lime water. Precipitated
by quickfilver, diffblved in the nitrous
acid i alfo by alkaline falts.

England.-

1. Aftrope, Oxford/hire, near Banbury. Clear,

brific; contains iron with a little Epfom
falt^ and fome earth. Short, vol. II. p. 45.
Monro, vol. I. p. 376.

2. Afwerby, Lincolnjhire. Colour bluifh ; con-

tains iron, a large proportion of Epfom
fait, and fome calcareous earth. Short,
Vol. 1. p. 217. Monro, vol. I. p. 388.

j. Birmingham, Wcmv-dftjire. A brifk chalybeate,
with little folid contents. Short, vol. II.
p. 43. Monro, vol, I. p. 274.

4. Buxton, Derby/hire. A cold chalybeate water,
containing alfo a little fea-falt and Jul
cath. a?narum. Short, vol. I. p. 229.
Monro, vol. I. p. 357.

$. Burlington, Yorkf/nre. Contains iron, a little
£pfom fait, and calcareous earth. Short,
vol. I. p. 230. Monro, vol. I. p. 375.

6. Bournley,

76

WATER.

6. Bournley, Lancajhire. A light chalybeate,

with a little Epfom fait, and probably
fome felenites. Short, vol. 11. p. 130^
Monro, vol. I. p. 977.

7. Binley, Warwidjh'ire, near Coventry. A very

light chalybeate, containing tome Epfom.
fait Sk rt, vol, II. p. 45, Monro* vol. I.

P 378-

8. Bagnigge, Middle/ex, near London. Contains

iron, Epfom ("alt, earth, and fome felenites.
Bevls. Monro , vol. I. p. 399.

9. Carlton, Nottwghamjh're. A very light water

impregnated with iron diff lved in vitrio-
lic acid. Short, vol. II, p, 4.0. Monro,
vol. I. p, 266.

JO. Colurian, Cornwall. A chalybeate water the
contents of which are not well known*
Borbfe. Monrc, vol. I. p. 271,

jl. Cannock, Staffordjhire. A very light chaly-
beate. Short, vol. II. p. 43. Monro.,
vol. I. p. 274.

\%. Cobbam, Surry. Contains iron with a fmall
quantity of fea-falt. A gallon yields
but ("even grains of refiduum. Monro,
yoI. I. p. 355.

13. Chippenham,

W A T U R. 77

13. Chippenham, IPiltjhire. Contains iron and

fea-falt. Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 359.

14. Cawthorp, Lincoln/hire, near Bounre. Con-

tains iron, with a large proportion of
fea-falt, a little Eplbm fait, and proba-
bly fome felenites. Short, vol. I. p. 225.
Monro , vol. I. p. 362.

15. Coventry, JVarwichJhire. A light chalybeate,

containing alfo a little Epfom fait. Short.
Monro, vol. I. p. 376.

16. Cheltenham, Glocejlerjbire. Contains iron

dilTblved in a volatile acid, a large pro-
portion of Epfom fait and calcareous
earth, fome felenites, and probably fixC
air. Lucas. Rutty. Short. Monro, vol.. I.

P- 395-

17. Derby, Derby/hire. A ftrong chalybeate, con-

taining alfo a large proportion of fea-falt.
Short, vol. II. p. 48. Monro, vol. I.
p. 362.

18- Dorfthill, StaffbrdflAre. A brifk chalybeate,
containing alio fea-fait, Epfom fait, and
bittern. Alor.ro, vol. I. p. 365.

19. Felftead, EJfex. A light chalybeate. Allen.
Monro, vol. I. p. 269.

20. Filah,

^8 WATER.

20. Filah, York/hire, near Scarborough. Colour

whitifh ; contains, befides iron, a confi-
derable proportion of fea-falt, fome
Epfom fait, calcareous earth, and pro-
bably much fixt air. Short, vol. I. p.
289. Monro, vol. I. p. 364.

21. Hampftead, Middlesex. A pure chalybeate,

containing a fmall proportion of iron
diflblved in a fixt vitriolic acid, with
probably a little fea-falt. Soam, 1734.
Boyle. Monro , vol. I, p. 264.

22. Harrigate, York/hire. Sweet fpaw : Lighter than

common water; contains iron diflblved
in vitriolic acid partly fixt, with fome
earth. Tuewbel well: Lighter than the
former, containing more iron, diflblved
fix a more volatile acid, together with a
greater proportion of earth, Short. Monroy
vol. I. p. 271.

23. Hartlepool, Bpk. of Durham. Contains iron

in a volatile acid, with a good deal of
Epfom fait and calcareous earth j alfo
fome fea-falt, and poflibly a little fulphur.
Short, vol. II. p. 59. Monro, vol. I.
p. 380.

24. Hanlys, Shropjhire, near Shrewsbury. Contains

iron, with a large proportion of Epfom
fait and calcareous earth. t-indtn,
Monro, vol. I. p. 402.

25. Iflington,

S R.

79

2-£. Islington, Middle/ex. A very light water im-
pregnated with iron diflblved in a vola-
tile vitriolic acid. A gallon yields about
a fcruple of reddifh earth. Boyle. Linden.
Monro, vol. I. p. 267.

26. Ilmington, Warwickjhire. Clear, brilk. Con-

tains iron and a fait, concerning which
authors differ. Durham, 1685. Short,
vol. II. p. 129. Monro, vol. I. p. 302.

27. Jeflbp, Surry. A weak chalybeate, containing

a very large proportion of Epfom fait,
and poflibly a little fea-falt. Hales, Phil.
Tranf. Numb. 495. Rutty. Monro,
vol. I. p. 400.

28. Knowfley, Lancajhire. Contains iron, with a

very little Epfom fait, and probably fome
fixt air, with a fmall proportion of fele-
nites. Short, vol. II. p. 129. Monro, vol.

I- P- 375-

29. King's Cliff, Northamptonjhire. Contains iron,

with much Epiom fait, and fome earth.
Short. Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 379.

30. Kerby, Wejlmreland, near Appleby. Contains

iron, Epfom fait, with a good deal of
earth. Short, vol. 11. p. 132. Rutty.
Monro, vol. I. p. 384.

31, Leez,

go WATER.

31. Leez, EJfex. Impregnated with iron difiblved

in a volatile vitriolic acid. Allen. Monro,
vol. I. p. 268.

32. Lincomb, Somerfeijhire, near Bath. Contains

iron, and, according to Dr. Hillary,
both natron and Epforn fait. Monro,
vol. I. p. 305.

33. Latham, Lancajhire. Clear, containing iron,

fea-falt, and earth. Short. Monro, vol.
I. p. 358.

34. Lancafler, LancafiWc. Contains iron, fea-falt,

and probably felenites. Short, vol. II.
p. 130. Monro, vol. I. p. 360.

3c. Marks-halL EJfex. Becomes red with galls,
which colour is faid to difappear in two
days, but without any precipitation.
Allen. Monro, vol. I. p. 268.

36. Malvern, Glocejlerjhire. Contains iron dif-

folved in a volatile vitriolic acid. Eva-
porated two quarts yielded one grain of
earth, one of iron, and one of bittern.
Wall. Monro, vol. I. p. 270.

V

37. Mofs Houfe, Lamofh'ire, near Maudfley. A

Drift: light chalybeate; a gallon yielded
on evaporation 23 grains of refiuuum,
five of which were a fait of fome fort or

other.

*V A T £ R. Si

other. 5Zwf, vol. II. p. 38. Monro%
vol. I. p. 274.

38. Mai ton, Yorijhire. A ftrong chalybeate, con-

taining alfo a confiderable quantity of
Epfom fait and earth, with fixt air and
felenites. Lijier. Short. Monro, vol. I.
p. 386.

39. Newham Regis, TFarwlckJJnre. Contains iron

and Epfom fait, with fome calcareous
earth. Short. Monro , vol. I. p. 378.

40. Orfton, Nottingham/hire. Clear, pleafanr,

containing iron diflblved probably by-
means of fixt air, with a large propor-
tion of earth, together with Epfom fait
and fome fea-falt. Short, vol. I. p. 222.
Monro, vol. I. p. 382.

41. Road, Wiltflnrs. Contains iron, and, accord-

ing to the following Doctors, a large
quantity of natron, alfo fome fea-falt.
IVilliams. Clark. Rutty. Monro, vol. I.
p. 306.

42. Shadwell, Middlefex, near London. A very

ftrong chalybeate; a gallon yields two
ounces and three drachms of fait of
fteel, and three drachms of a yellowifb.
brown earth. Rutty, Monro, vol. I.
p. 247.

Vol. III. G 43. Sene,

82 WATER.

43. Sene, or Send, IKiltJhire, near the Devizes. A

itrong chalybeate : Its acid feems fixt.
GuidoU, an. 1691. p. 405. Monro, vol. I.
p. 275.

44. Stanger, Cumberland, two miles from Cocker-

mouth. Contains a good deal of iron,
a large quantity of fea-falt, and pro-
bably fome felenites. Short, vol. II. p.
132. Monro, vol. I. p. 366.

45. Stenfield, Lincoln/hire. Clear, light, brifk.

Contains iron in a fixt acid, with a large
proportion of Epfom fait and earth, to-
gether with a little fea-falt, and pro-
bably fome felenites. Short, vol.1, p. 214.
Monro, vol. I. p. 383.

46. Scarborough, Yorkjhire. Contains iron in a

volatile acid, with a considerable propor-
tion of Epfom fait, and calcareous earth,
fome felenites and fixt air. Shaw, Enq.
an. 1734. Atkins. Short, vol. I. p. 174.
Lucas. Monro, vol. I. p. 389.

47. Stockport, Lancajhire. A gallon yielded, on

evaporation, twelve grains of ochre, and
the fame quantity of a mixture of fea-falt
and Epfom fait. Short, vol. II. p. 130..
Monro, vol. I. p. 357.

48. Tunbridge, Kent. Contains iron diflblved in

a volatile vitriolic acid, fome fea-falt,

with

WATER. 8U

>yith a little fdenites and calcareous
earth. According to Dr. Lucas, a gal-
lon yields 30 grains of refiduum. Lucas,
Lifter. Rutty. Monro , vol. I. p. 355.

49. Thetford, Norfolk. Contains iron, and, ac-

cording to the following Doctor, a pure
alkaline fait. Mannings de aq. min. Monro,
vol. I. p. 304.

50. Tibfhelf, Lancajhire. Contains iron in a vo-

latile acid, with a confiderable propor-
tion of fea-falt, a little Epfom fait, and
fome calcareous earth. Shorty vol. 1. p.
226. Monro, vol. I. p. 358.

5lf Tqwnly, or Hanbridge, Lancajhire. Contains
iron and Epfom fait. Shorty vol. Li. p.
133. Monro, vol.1, p. 377.

£2. Thurfk, Torkjhire. Contains iron, Epfom fait,
calcareous earth, a little fea-falt, and
probably fixt air. Short, vol. I. p. 226,
Monro, vol. I. p. 38^.

53. Thornton, Nottingham/hire, near Newark.

Contains iron, with Epfom fait and a
great deal of earth. Short. Monro, vol. I,
P- 38l«

54. Tarleton, Lancajhire. Contains a little iron,

a large proportion of Epiorn fait and
G 2 calcareous

84

WATER,

calcareous earth, a good deal of fea-falt,
a little fulphur, and poffibly fome fele-
nites. Short, vol. II. p. 54. Monro.
vol. I. p. 385.

55, Weftwood, Derbyflrire, near Tanderfley.
Vields pure cryftals of green vitriol.
Short, vol. I. p. 283. Monro, vol. I.
p. 248.

56. Wellenborough, Northampton/hire. Lighter

than common water. Contains iron, &c.
Allen. Monro, vol. I. p. 269.

57. Wigan, Lancajhire. Contains fome iron and

a little Epfom fait. Shorty vol. II. p. 30.
Monro, vol. I. p. 275.

58. Witham> EJJex. Contains iron, fea-falt, Epfom

fait, and calcareous earth. Taverner.
Monro, vol. I. p. 359.

59. White-acre, Lancajhire, near Trales. Contains

iron, fea-falt, and probably feienites.
Short. Monro, vol. I. p. 360.

60. Weft-Afhton, Wilt/hire, A weak chalybeate,

containing a large proportion of lea-falc
and Epfom fait, with fome earth. Rutty.
Monro, vol. I. p. 361.

61. Weatherflack,

WATER. 85

61. Weatherflack, Weflmoreland. A weak chaly-

beate, containing a very large proportion
of fea-falt, probably a little Epfom fait,
and a very fmall quantity of fulphur,
together with fome earth. Shorty vol.
II. p. 182. Rutty. Monro , vol. I. p.

363-

Ireland.

62. Ardarlck, Cork, two miles and a half fouth-

eaft of the city. Smith, vol. II. p.
276.

63. Athlone, Rofcommon. Contains a little iron

and Epfom fait. Rutty. Monro, vol.
I. p. 404.

64. Bandon, Cork. A chalybeate of considerable

ftrength. Smith, vol. II. p. 271.

65. Ballyvourney, Cork, on the north bank of the

river aullane. A ftrong chalybeate.
Smith, vol. II. p. 272.

66. Bearforeft, Cork, a mile fouth of Mallow.

A pretty Itrong chalybeate. Smith,
vol. II. p. 274.

67. Ballycaftle, Antrim. Contains iron in a fixt

acid, calcareous earth, and a little ful-
phur. Monro, vol.1, p. 279.

G 3 68. Bally^

WATER.

6$. Ballyfpellan, Tipperary, eight miles from Kil-
kenny. Contains a little iron in a vo-
latile acid. Munro, vol. I. p. 282.

'6g, CafHe Townfhend> Cork, on the road to
Skibbereen. A ftrong chalybeate, con-
taining alfo a little fulphur. Smith, vol.
II. p. 26I*.

70. Gronacree, Cork, near Doneraile. A weak

chalybeate. Smith, vol. II. p. 2J&.

71. Carrignacurra. Cork, near Inchiguelagh. A

ftrong chalybeate. Smith, vol. II. p. 272.

7?. Crofstown, Waterford. A gallon yields, on
evaporation, 40 grains of a greenifh
white fediment of an acrid ferruginous
tafte. Rutty, Monro, vol. I, p". 253.

*?£. Cafl.more, Waterford. A gallon yields 48
grains of vitriol. Monro, vol. I. p\>

*?4. ,Coo?a'Jran, Fermanagh. Contains iron in a
fixt acid, and a little Epfom fait. JcVft).
Monro, vol. I. p. 2, 8.

£5; Caflleconnel, Limeric. Contains iron, fea-
falt, calcareous earth, and probably a
l'i'ttle fe;tnites. Rutty. Martin. Mon-
ro*, Vo). I. p. 367.

*jb. Drum-

w

E *. 87

76. Drumraftle, Cork* near Dunmanway. Con-
tains a fnull proportion of iron diiiblved
in a volatile acid. Smith, vol. II. p.
268.

77. Dunnard, eighteen miles from Dublin. Con-

tains iron and a very (mall proportion of
faline matter. Rutty, Monro, vol*. I.
p. 281.

78. Five-mile Bridge, Cork, in the road to Kin,-

fale. A ftrong chalybeate, containing
alfo a little fulphur. Smith, vol. II. p.
269.

79. Glanagarin, Cork, near Caftlemartyr. Con-

tains a little iron in a volatile acid. Smith,
vol. II. p. 268.

80. Garrets-town, Cart. Contains iron in a

fixt acid, and iome i'alt. Smith, vol. II.
p. 270.

8j. Glanmile, near Naul. Contains iron cif-
folved in a volatile acid, and a little Ep-
fom fait. Monro, vol. I. p. 279.

82. Granfhaw, Dowvt. Contains much irons

fome fea-falt, and earth* Rutty. Monro%
vol. I. p. 309.

83. Gal way, near the town. Contains iron in a

volatile acid, a large proportion of fea-
G 4 falt4

88 V/ A T E R,

fait, fome Epfom fait, and felenites.
Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 370.

84. Kilindonnel, Cork, two miles N. by E. from

the city. A ftrong chalybeate. Smith,
vol. II. p. 272.

85. Kilpadder, Cork. A pretty ftrong chalybeate.

Smithy vol. II. p. 274.

86. Killbrew, Meath. A gallon yielded, on eva-?

poration, 15CO grains of fediment,,
chiefly vitriol of iron ; fuppofed alfo to
contain feme copper and a little alum.
Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 255.

87. Kanturk, Cork. Contains iron, fome ful-

phur, and probably a little Epfom fait.
Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 280. Smith,
vol. II. p. 269.

88. Kilinfhanvally, Fermanagh. Contains iron

in a fixt acid, with a little Epfom fait
and calcareous earth. Rutty. Monro,
vol. I. p. 405,

89. Lis-done-varna, Clare. Contains a confide-

rable proportion of iron, and, as fome
imagine, a little fulphur, natron, and
copper. Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 307.

90. Macroomp, Cork. Contains iron, and na-

tron, according to Dr. Rutty. A gallon

yielded

WATER. 89

yi'.Ided only eight grains of fediment.
Smith, vol. II. p. 275. Monro, vol. I.
p. 308.

91. Mount Pallas, Cavan. Contains iron in a

volatile acid, with fome Epfom fait and
calcareous earth. Rutty. Monro, vol.
I, p. 405.

92. Nobler, Meath. A gallon is fakl to yield 170

grains of refiduum, mo ft of which, we
are told, is vitriol of iron. Rutty.
Monro, vol. I. p. 254.

93. Newton Stewart, Tyrone, near Caftle hill.

Contains iron in a fixt vitriolic acid
fome fea-frlt, Epfom fait, and earth.
Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 370.

94. Roftillan, Cork. A pretty ftrong chalybeate.

Smith, vol. II. p. 268,

95. Ship Pool, Cork, feven miles from the city.

A ftrong chalybeate. Smith, vol. \\.
P- 273-

96. Timoleague, Cork. A weak chalybeate.

Smith, vol. II. p. 271.

97. Tralee, Kerry. Contains iron, fea-falt, and

abforbent earth. Ruttv. Monro, vol.
I, p. 368,

98. Wexford,

9o

WATER.

98. Wexford. Contains iron, a very little Ep-

fom fait, and fome calcareous earth.
Rutty. Monro, vol. I. p. 281.

Wales.

99. Llandrindod, Radnor. Contains a confidera-

ble proportion of iron in a volatile acid,
and probably a neutral fait. Linden.
Monro, vol. I. p. 276.

100. Swanfea, Glamor ganjh'ire. A gallon yielded

30 grains of green vitriol, and 8 grains
of calcareous earth. Rutty. Monroe
vol. I. p. 249.

Scotland.

101. Aberbrothock. A weak chalybeate. Mon-

ro, vol. I. p. 278.

102. Dunfe. Contains a little iron, fea-falt, and

bittern. Home. Monro, vol. I. p.
366.

103. Glendy, Maim. A chalybeate of moderate

impregnation. Monro, vol. I. p. 278.

104. Hartfell, Annandale. A gallon evaporated

yields about 30 grains of fait of ft eel,
'and 3 or 4 grains of earth. Med. EJfays,
vol. I. art. 12. Monro, vol. I. p. 250.

105.

Peter-

WATER. gf

1x55. Peterhead, Aberdeen. A ftrong chalybeate.
Monro, vol. 1. p. 278.

ALUMINOUS WATER. Changes ve-
getable blues red. even after ftanding
lbme time in the open air ; effervefces
with alkalies, ar d is decompofedj pre-
cipitating in floculi.

1. Somerfham, Hunt'ingdonjh'ire. Said to contain
alum, iron, calc.reous earth, and fele-
nites. Layaru. Phil Tranf. vol. LVI.
Morris. Monro, vol. I. p. 432.

WARM WATERS.

¥. Bath, Somerfetjhire. Lighter than rain-water.
Contains a very fmall proportion of iron
in a volatile vitriolic acid, very little
fea-falt, hepar juhuris e cake viva, fcle-
nites and fixt air. Raifes Fahrenheit's
thermometer to 119 degrees. Lucas.
Falconer. T 'den. Sutherland. Rutty.
Charlton. Hillary. Monro, vol. II. p.

233-

fe. Matlock, Derby/hire. Raifes Fahrenheit's
thermometer to about 70. Lighter than
rain-water. Contains a very fmall pro-
portion of Epfom fait, and calcareous
earth. Sh^rt. Monro, vol. II. p. 261.

3. Brirtol,

£2

WATER.

3. Briftol, Somerfetftlre. Raifes Fahrenheit's
thermometer to 80. Lighter than rain-
water. Contains, in fmall proportion,
Gbuber's fait, Epfom fait, calcareous
earth, and fixt air. Lucas. Sutherland.
Rutty. Monro, vol. II. p. 369.

a. Buxton, Derlyjhlre. Raifes Fahrenheit's
thermometer to 90. Lighter than rain-
water. Contains, in fmall proportion,
fea-falt, Epfom fait, and calcareous
earth. Short. Monro, vol. II. p. 378.

5. Mallow, Cork. Raifes Fahrenheit's thermo-
meter to 68. Lathers well with foap.
Contains a fmall proportion of fea-falt,
Epfom fait, and calcareous earth. Rut-
ty. Monro, vol. II. p. 386. Smith,
vol. II. p. 276.

PETRIFYING WATER. Contains
calcareous earth either diffolved in the
vitriolic acid in form of felenites, or
fufpended, in the irate of quick-lime,
being deprived of its fixt air. If the
firft, it precipitates with mild or cauftic
alkalies ; if the fecond, with mild al-
kali only.

j Ball or Band Well, Lincclnjhire, near Henfield.
Contains alfo Epfom fait, and fea-falt.
Short, vol. I. p. 107. Monro, vol. I. p.
464.

2. Cave,

V

WATER. 93

2. Cave, Fife, Scotland. Sibbald, Phil Tranf.

Abridg. vol. II. p. 325. Monro, vol. I.
p. 468.

3. Chinkwell, Dublin, Rutty. Monro, vol. I.

p. 470.

4. Glevely, Rofs, Scotland. Monro, vol. I. p.

468.

5. Hermitage, Dublin. Contains alfo a little Ep-

fom fait. Monro, vol. I. p. 470.

6. Howth, Dublin. Contains alfo fome fea-falt.

Rutty, Monro, vol. I. p. 469.

7. Llangybi, Carnarvorjhhe, Wales. Examined

by Dr. Linden only, from whofe report
it is impoflible to know what it contains,
Monro, vol. I. p. 466.

8. Loggfniny, Dublin. Rutty. Monro, vol. L

p. 469.

9. Knarefborough, Yorkfbire. Contains, befides

a conliderable proportion of earth, a
good deal of Epfom fait. Short, vol. I.
p. 106. Mo:iro, vol. I. p. 464.

THE END.

INDEX

C 95 ]

INDEX I,

GENERA.

AMphybiolithus
Antimonium
.Argentum •■
Aigilta ■ i -

Arienicum ■

Aurum .

Bitumen

Calx

Cobaltum — — —
Cuprum , M —

Entomolithas —

Ferrum ■■ ——

Fluor ■ •

Grapto'ithus
Gypfum

Helmintholithus
Humus

Ichthyolithus -

54
40

3'
1

41
3*

27

3
42

34

Marga —

Phytolithus
Plumbum

Quartzum

Sal acidum

alkali

— - metalHcum

neutrvm -

— te.reuni —

56 S3xum —
Shiftus

36 Stannum
17 Sulphur

57 Talcum
8

Vifmutum

44
1 Zincum

Zoolithus
54

8

5Z
33

18

21
22
24

23
25

ir

»4

32
29

9

38

39

53

INDEX

I 96 J

INDEX II.

SPECIES.

ACid of fea- fait
— vitriolic
Alabafter — -—

Alkali volatile
Alum, rock
Amber ■'

Anomites «

Antimony cryftalized
Antimonial ore, red
. — ftriated

Area — —
Arfenic —

native ■

white — —

Albeit
Alteria
Aftrohes
Atrion

Belemnites — —

Bii'muth, native
• flowers of

■ ore ■■■' ■ -

Black lead
Blend —
Bole -

21

9

23

25

27

44

4i

4i
40

5i
25
4i
ib.

10

46

47
45

46

38

39

ib.

30

40

2

Bloodftone

Bluifli ore

Bones

Breccia

Buccinum

Bufonites

Bulla

Calamine ■—

Chalk .

Chama

Clay, common

pipe

■ ' porcelain

potters

Coal

Cockle

Cock fpurs -L
Cobalt, black —

ochre

ore

I cryftalline

Conglutinated (ton
Couus

Copper, mundic
• ■" ■ native

es

j1'
57
53

13

48

55

49

39
4

5o
2

ib.

ib.

ib.
28

5°

54
42

ib.

ib.

43
1

0

49

35

34
Copper

t 9? J

Copper nickel — 43

— ore, grey 35

■ pyrites, white ib.

Cornu ammonia 44

Crab > ■* 50

Cryftal — 18

Cryftalline ore 36

Cyprsea —— 5 2

Helix
Horfetail

Jafper
Jet

Iron ocre
— ore
Judaicus

*9
5*

19

36
37

4S

Dentalium
Dendrites

Earth common
Echinites

Eiienman —

Elephants tufks, &c.
Entrochus

Ferns
Fifties
Flint

Fluor cryftallized
Foffile pods
Free ftone —
Fruit — —

Fullers-earth •*

Garnet — —
Glafs copper ore
Glofibpetra;
Glimmer
Gold dull -
Granite
Grafs —
Gryphites

Vol. III.

— 10,

48
59

45
37
53
46

52
ib.

18

»7

55
11

53
3

19

35

54

37

3'
12

52
45

H

Lead cryftals

— — glance —

ocre —

■ fpar — 1

— — trail —

Leaves of trees
Lime ftone —
Limpet — —

Load-ftone —

Madreporus
Magnet —

Manganefe — —
Marble *__

Marcafite —
Marie »

Millopora

Molaresof thefea-
Mountain blue
green

Mundic

Murex
Mufcle
Mya

white

3-3
33
34
34
33
53
7
5*
37

47
37

- 3*

- 4

- 29.

- &

47
wolf 55

34

35
9» 35

42
43

51

ib.

Natron 22

[ 9« ]

Natron

Oil foffile :—
— rock '

Oifter

Orpiment —

Plectronites
Pholas

Plaifter earth — <•
.. — ftone —
Plaifter ftone fibrous

Reeds
Roots
Rotten-ftone —

Sal ammoniac — —
Sal ammoniac fixt

bitter purging

— •- common —
— - Epfom — -

Glauber's —

— —- Magn. Glaub.

Sand

— - ftone

Saxum

Screw ftiell

Scallop

Sea ftar

Seleniw*

22

27

ib.

49
41

54

52

9
ib.

ib.

52

53

3

23

25

ib.

23
25
23
25

1 1
11

Serpent ftone *■*• ***• 44

Serpula - 4^

Sharks teeth — 54

Shirl 20

Siliquaftra . 55

Silver mineralized 32

Slate afh-colour 16

. black — 14

— — brown * 15

blue 16

green — *5

Irifh 17

— red • 1 5

'■ purple — 15

Snail 49

Soap ftone — — 3

Solen — - 51

Spar 7

Stags horns — 53

Star ftone 47

Strombus — — 49

Stone marie ■ 8

Tellina
Tin cryftals
— native
— — ftone
Tooth (hell
Topfhell
Tripoli
Trochus

48 Tubiporus

49 Turbo
45 Turf

9 Turcofa

50

32

ib.

ib.
48
ib.

3

48

• 47
48
29

53
Venus 50

Venus «
Vertebra
Vitriol blue

Voluta

green
white

[ 99 3

5°

55
24

ib.

ib.

49

Wood petrefied 5*

Zinc cryilallized 39

— — ore *~m 40

INDEX

[.100 ]

INDEX

III,

MINERAL WATERS.

ABerbrothock
Adon —

Alford

Alkaline water
Alkerton ■

Aluminous water
Anaduff — —
Aphaloo i

Ardarick

Aiheron — —
Alhwood — —
Aitorp — —
Afwefby — —
Athlone — —

Bagnigge — 63,
Ball well — - 63,
JJallycaftle — —
Bally-martogh —
Ballynahinch —
Ballyfpellan — —
Ballyvourney —
Bandon — —
Barnet — — — —

Barrowdale -

"Bartholomew's well

90
62
62

63
91

7*
7*
85
66

7i
75
7?
*S

76
92

8S
74
7i
86

85
8S
63
60

59

Bath —

Bear-foreft

Bilton —

Binley —

Birmingham

Bournley

Briftol ' -

Brooghton

Buglawton

Burlington

Buxton —

- 90

66

76

• 75

- 76
92

- 66

- 66

- 75
75»92

76

59
61

76

Cannock

Cape-clear

Cargyrle <

Carlton

Carrickfergus 61, 65

Carrickmoor —

Carrignacurra —

Carllarphin ■

Cafhmore ■

Caftleconnel

Caftlemaign ■

Caftle Townfhend
Cathartic water -
Cave — —

5?
S6

73
£6

86

72
SO

62

93

Cawiey

[ 101 ]

Cawley — — — -

Cawthorp ■

Chadlington — ■
Chalybeate water
Cheltenham ■
Chinkwell -.

Chippenham —

Clifton

Cobham .

Codfal Wood

Coolauran

Colurain ■
Comner — — ,
Copper water —
Coventry — -

Crickle -

Croft

Cronacree . .

Cronebaun ■

Crofltown —

Cunley-houfe — —

Deddington

Derby

Derrindaff

Derryhence

Derrylifter

Dew —

Dog and Duck —

Dortfhill

Drigwell

Drumafnave

Drumgoon

Drumraftle

Dulwich

Dunnard

Dunfe

Durham

— 60,

67
77
67
74
77
93
77
58
76

67
86

76

63

74

77

67

67
86

74
86

67

68

77
72

72

72

63
77
68

72
72

87

63

«7
90

67

Epfom ■■■■

Felftead •

Filah ■ —

Five-mile Bridge

Gainsborough

Galway .

Garret's Town —
Glanagarin ■
GlaRagarin -
Glendy ■

Gle vely ■

Granlhaw

GlafTonbury — —

64,

68,

Hail —

Hampftead —

Hanleys

tianieil —

Hartlepool
Hermitage —
Harrigate

Holt .

Hjvvth .

JtiTop

Ice ...

Ilmingtcji .

Ifliflgion — - — .

Kinturk

.K-ecdlelton

Kerby

Kilmdonnel

Kilinfhanvally —
Killaflier

64

77

7*
87

68

87
87
87
87
9°
9S
87
58

57

78

78
90

78
93
78
64
93

78

57

l7»

78

88
68

78
88
88
72

[ 102 ]

KiHafter — —

KiHbrcw «

Kilpadder — —
Kilroot — —

Kinalton — —

King's cliff

Knaresborough —
Knowfley ■«- —

Lancafier »- —
Landrindod 65, 73
Latham — —

Leamington — — -
Leez — -—

Lincomb —

Lisbeak

Lis-done-varna —
Llangybi ■
Loansbury — —
Loggminy

Macroomp *

Mahereberg — —
Mallow — —

Malton *

Malvern

Markfhall — —
Matlock — —

Maudfley — —
Mechan — —
Moffat — —
Morton fee —

Mofs-houfe

Mount Pallas — —

72
88
83
62
64

78
93
78

80
, 90
80
61
80
80

73
88

93

68

93

88
62

92
81
80
80

91
69

73
74
64

80

89

Newton Stewart
Nobler —
Normanby —
Northall •-»-
Nouington

Orfton —

Owen Breun

Pancras "■ —
Pel'igoe —

Petrefying waters

89

89
69
64
69

81
73

65

73
92

Nevil Holt — — 65
Newham regis — 8i

Quin Camel — 69

Rain water
Rippon
River water
Road

Rofliilan
Rough am

St. Erafmus

Salt fprings

— water

Scarborough

Sea water

Sene —

Shadwell

Shapmoor

Shetrlewood

Shippool

Skipton

Snow

Somerfham

Spring water

t i®3 1

Stanger ■

Stenfield

Stockport ■

Stretham

Sulphur water —
Sutton bog —
Swadlingbar —

Swanfea

Sydenham ■

Tarleton

Thetford

Thorparch

Thornton

Thurfk

Tibfhelf

Tilbury

Timoleague

Tobcr-bonv

82

82
82

65"
66

69

73
90

65

82
82
70
82
82
82

59

89

59

Townley

Tralee

Tunbridge

Upminfter •

Wardrew
Warm water*
Water pure
Weatherflack
Wellenborough
Weft Aftiton
Weftwood
Wexford —
White-acre
Wigan —

Wigglefworth
Wirkfworth
Witham —

82
89

91

35

84

*4

84
90

84

84

70

7'
84

HDIB HOT ntifl

BUSH mm

I :kW

H M

BUflHH cBu

HB M Hi

mi

M M

H HH

If lira
™*toB1S

HflllRi

■a

I

mm m

filnEma

■

IhHhHI luiHIfJn

Bill

H mmsSBSl
H

IIIIHl

fHHB

■fiAfl raw

HI

fflffllli

HlMM