FIELDIANA: BOTANY A Continuation of the BOTANICAL SERIES of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 32 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CHICAGO, U.S.A. ,^^7 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. A New Guatemalan Spigelia. By Dorothy N. Gibson 1 2. Three New Nicaraguan Epidendrums. By Alfonso H. Heller 7 3. Syagrus oleracea ( Mart. ) Becc. and Closely Related Taxa. By S. F. Classman 13 4. Tropical American Plants, X. By Louis O. Williams 35 5. Two New Guatemalan Tournefortias. By Dorothy N. Gibson 65 6. A New Member of Morganella. By Patrick) Ponce de Leon 69 7. A New Odontoglossum from Nicaragua. By Alfonso H. Heller 73 8. Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. II. By S. F. Classman 77 9. Revision of the Genus Vascellum ( Lycoperdaceae ) . By Patrick) Ponce de Leon 109 10. A Conspectus of the Palm Genus Butia Becc. By S. F. Classman 127 11. Studies in American Plants, II. By Dorothy N. Gibson 173 12. Tropical American Plants, XI. By Louis O. Williams 179 13. The Juglandaceae of Guatemala. By Louis O. Williams and Antonio Molina R 207 14. An Overlooked Genus of the Scrophulariaceae. By Louis O. Williams 211 15. A Synopsis of the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Classman 215 16. A New Hybrid in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Classman 241 THE JUGLANDACEAE OF GUATEMALA LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS AND ANTONIO MOLINA R. AN OVERLOOKED GENUS OF THE SCROPHULARIACEAE LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS A SYNOPSIS OF THE PALM GENUS STAGRUS MART. S. F. GLASSMAN A NEW HYBRID IN THE PALM GENUS SYAGRUS MART. S. F. GLASSMAN FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 32, NUMBERS 13, 14, 15, 16 Published by FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY JULY 24, 1970 M«V <• The Library of the MAY ID 197; THE JUGLANDACEAE OF GUATEMALA LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS Chief Curator, Botany, Field Museum of Natural History AND ANTONIO MOLINA R. Field Associate AN OVERLOOKED GENUS OF THE SCROPHULARIACEAE LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS Chief Curator, Botany, Field Museum of Natural History A SYNOPSIS OF THE PALM GENUS STAGRUS MART. S. F. GLASSMAN Research Associate, Palms, Field Museum of Natural History University of Illinois at Chicago Circle A NEW HYBRID IN THE PALM GENUS STAGRUS MART. S. F. GLASSMAN Research Associate, Palms, Field Museum of Natural History University of Illinois at Chicago Circle FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 32, NUMBERS 13, 14, 15, 16 Published by FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY JULY 24, 1970 CONTENTS PAGE The Juglandaceae of Guatemala by Louis O. Williams and Antonio Molina R. 207 An Overlooked Genus of the Scrophulareaceae by Louis O. Williams . . . .211 A Synopsis of the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart, by S. F. Glassman 215 A New Hybrid in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart, by S. F. Glassman . . . .241 FIELDIANA . BOTANY Volume 32, No. 14 July 24, 1970 . Publication 1102 An Overlooked Genus of the Scrophulariaceae Louis O. WILLIAMS CHIEF CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Dorothy Nash Gibson, while studying the Verbenaceae for the "Flora of Guatemala," called my attention to several species de- scribed from Mexico and Central America as Clerodendron, which she thought not to belong in the Verbenaceae. There were five of these— two described by Standley, two by Standley and Steyermark, and one by Moldenke — one from Costa Rica, one from Mexico, and three from Guatemala. One of these species belongs in the Acantha- ceae and Mrs. Gibson will write about it; one belongs in an undeter- mined family but not Verbenaceae; and three belong in what is ap- parently an undescribed genus of the Scrophulariaceae, near that no-mans-land between the Scrophulariaceae and Bignoniaceae. The genus Gibsoniothamnus is one of those that seem to be near the gap, and a very narrow gap it is, between the Scophulariaceae and the Bignoniaceae. The genus to which it seems most closely allied is Schlegelia Miq. (syn. Dermatocalyx Oersted). Joseph Mona- chino was apparently the first to discover that Schlegelia, ascribed to the Bignoniaceae, and Dermatocalyx, ascribed to the Scophulariaceae, were one and the same genus (Phytologia 3: 102-105. 1949). Mona- chino's discussion of the familial position is good and there is no point in repeating it here, except to say that Monachino apparently thought the genus to belong in the Scrophulariaceae. John W. Thieret was the next to mention the problem of Schle- gelia and Dermatocalyx. In his "The Tribes and Genera of Central American Scrophulariaceae" (Ceiba 4:175. 1954) Dr. Thieret points out "that placental and seed characteristics of these taxa definitely point to the Scrophulariaceae" but curiously he did not include Schlegelia in his treatment cited above. The discovery of a new genus, apparently related by several im- portant characters to Schlegelia, but almost certainly more "scrophu- lariaceous" provides an important new consideration in deciding the Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 79-12^82 211 212 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32 FIG. 1. Gibsoniothamnus pithecobius. A flowering branch, X 1; corolla dis- sected to show stamens, X 2; calyx, X 2; enlarged anthers from front and back, X5. family affiliation of Schlegelia. The new material indicates its rela- tionship to the Scrophulariaceae rather than to the Bignoniaceae. Dr. Sandwith, the specialist in the Bignoniaceae, admitted Schle- gelia into that family. Dr. Pennell, a life-long student of the Scroph- ulariaceae, thought Schlegelia not to be Scrophulariaceae. I believe WILLIAMS: SCROPHULARIACEAE 213 the impression of Monachino and of Thieret that Schlegelia might be scrophulariaceous is considerably strengthened by the discovery of Gibsoniothamnus. It is a curious circumstance that the several species discussed here all have similar calyx lobes. This one thing more than any other is perhaps the reason that they were all put into Clerodendron as re- lated species. The first one of these, Clerodendron moldenkeanum, was described by Standley who said that it was "distinct from the few known pre- viously from Mexico and Central America." The next species described, Clerodendron epiphyticum, was ad- mitted as "a somewhat puzzling and annoying plant" but the calyx was compared to that of C. moldenkeanum. The type specimen is poor and probably belongs neither to Verbenaceae nor to Scrophu- lariaceae. It is the only one of this group from Costa Rica. The last two species of this alliance, Clerodendron pithecobium, placed here because of the relationship to C. moldenkeanum, and C. mimicum, placed because of relationship to C. pithecobium, are certainly closely allied one to another. It is curious that Standley, a very competent botanist who appar- ently was responsible for all the original work on the four species dis- cussed here, did not notice that the ovary was very unlike that known for Verbenaceae. It is curious again that Dr. Moldenke, the authority on Verbena- ceae who has seen all these species, agreed that they belonged in Clerodendron — and then described still another Clerodendron of his own with a bilocular ovary, but one belonging in Acanthaceae. Gibsoniothamnus L. Wms. gen. nov. Scrophulariacearum, tri- bus: Cheloneae. Typus generici : Clerodendron pithecobium Standl. & Steyerm. Frutices parvi epiphytic! vel terrestres divaricato-ramosi. Folia opposita peti- olata coriacea anisophylla; inflorescentiae pauciflorae breves axillares pedunculi perbreves vel subnulli pedicelli elongati; calyx campanulatus quinquelobatus, lobi vulgo elongati et angusti; corollae regulares et symetrici vel leviter irregulares tubiformes, limbi 5-lobati, lobi subaequales et breves; stamina 4 aequales vel didy- nama inclusa libra fundo tubo corollae inserta; staminodium praesentium filiforme; stylus gracilis quam stamina longior; stigma capitata; ovarium bilocularis, ovula in loculis numerosa; capsula baccata verosimiliter indehiscens calyce persistans tecta; semina angulares vel vermiformes, embryone curvato. 214 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32 Gibsoniothamnus mimicus (Standl. & Steyerm.) L. Wms. comb. nov. Clerodendron mimicum Standl. & Steyerm. Field Mus. Bot. 23:227. 1947. Known only from the highlands of Guatemala. Gibsoniothamnus moldenkeanus (Standl.) L. Wms. comb, nov. Clerodendron moldenkeanum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 99. 1940. Known from a single collection from Mexico, Matuda 2760. This species differs from the other two species which I have placed in this genus in sometimes lacking a staminodium although material available for study is scant. The leaves, immature on all specimens of the single collection known, seem not to be as coriaceous as in the other two species, but like them, the leaves of a pair are decidedly anisophyllous. Gibsoniothamnus pithecobius (Standl. & Steyerm.) L. Wms. comb. nov. Clerodendron pithecobium Standl. & Steyerm. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 373. 1940. Known only from Guatemala. This is selected as the type species of the genus Gibsoniothamnus, and is the most common of the species. EXCLUDED: Clerodendron epiphyticum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 168. 1940. Costa Rica: Lankester 1296 (type) and Brenes 12648. The specimens cited are almost certainly neither Verbenaceae nor are they Scrophulariaceae and perhaps represent two other families. The species was described by Standley with considerable hesitation and perhaps can never be placed unless by chance. Publications 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104