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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
LIBRARY

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Geology Collection

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GEORGE, oTls SMITE, Drascron | Bia er are eee cee

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‘PALEONTOLOGY =|
OALINGA DISTRICT | _
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“WASHIN GTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING ‘OFFICE

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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
TED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DrrEcToR

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i ” BULLETIN 396
fe) PALEONTOLOGY
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ae OF THE

PCOALINGA DISTRICT
FRESNO AND KINGS COUNTIES

CALIFORNIA

BY

RALPH ARNOLD

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1909

CONTENTS.

Page

a ee AE te a ca ee Sk ee 5
(eneral statement. -................ Se gs One Peg. Ser Oe en 5
IEESIR ES et Se Oe coe ass eo ES Oe ete ot nes 5
esewous paleontologic work in the district....................22--:.+---. 6
ELE SUS 2 5:5) 5029 0 0 ie rf
IEP ore oe SS yn ne he aw oe cee We ew 8
MITE eerste tt ee es SoG oe oe ee athe he 8
enaeth tormmation, (urassic 7). 2... 220.4... 2... eee ee oe eee eee 10
stan ers SIP DOEES 2d ooo StS. es 2 So. See 10
bh DS eR S47 BE at eee 10
Knoxville-Chico rocks (eretaceaus) Se eens Sie ep Got oe Sin 10
Ee Ce 10
IEEE Het yee 00-2 sees es ow ce ee eee 11
SLES gee ae ea ae cee 11
Suenmnritnem(HOCENE). 2... 052... cos: 2 2. eee Se been settee 12
2 ES ERSTE Paes 12
ded pats a eee eed ee cee eee 13
Faunal relations and age........ Oo ER eS Se ae eS ers 2 15
Semmerostormation (lower Miocene)..:-.....-........---.-22+-+--2-cecee 16
Semana Od MATACLER.. .- 2.2.22 .0 22k 2. ooo ec ee el sk See 16

. Sis oe ee ee SOR a RS AP Se 17
RMR MERCEHNONS ANC ARC ies 2 dell oaks So ada cn wmettes 2 Sake 19
Santa Margarita (?) formation (upper middle Miocene).................. 20
(Liu 2S UT DT led SS me Oe See a 20
i meet tere << Sra oy cee c=) <4, ae SO ganeeg he Soes aoe 21
Faunal relations and Sp Sk a er a oe aR Been Ae 21
Jacalitos formation (early upper Miocene)..-...................-........-- 22
eu Ce CVE etre oct new 5 oa ws ove ed poe eee 22
le esata gS Cisne We ce Sa wes DERG e SRE BE Se. 24
SE EEE Ed oon ooo ak ns Soa Sees Sak eS 27
PmPelANIONS ANG AGC... 5... 8. 025 2 eee eee eben ees ee 27
Etchegoin formation (uppermost Miocene). ..........-...--.------------ 28
ES PED IGIE gee Fee eso oe. | ek Sete: «tao 28
INO rere Re Pig eo os 3 cn « WS Rae aee eek Jes a8 29
IEE) ra ra es ee So ew SE ee Da Sole ee Klee 42
SUNN E Of HEMOMMON 422 oo 6 0252 = 2s. Hoe cect Roe ect cannes 42
Nit eerie teen © oe sn So ins. oo on n= ceo ee ee eee ee Ad

Nate ON Pers gk oe Sane 3 oo sis Shae See Um RES oe ne 45
Tulare formation (Pliocene-lower Pleistocene)....................-------- 46
LE CMe ae fe sikh. . : wea - +4 ge bweeeeseadax oon ys. -- 46
Pee an... OS Hives SER ERR avo 4 wedins ae au Vals 47
a EIS NG ee re ae i ae 48

3

+ CONTENTS.
Page.
Descriptions of species. . .......-.-<20-. 20... Aine es 49
Tejon (Eocene) species: --~. 2.2222). 2's = 26 ee 2 49
Pelecypoda. ....--22.-2-7) 2-752 - 35> = eee 49
Gasteropoda.......- Meat e ee ete teem ot Ses cee sie ees ee 51
Vaqueros (lower Miocene) species: .. ---.- 2. -2-- 2225-2 == =e 54
Pelecypoda. .- 2... 2-2-2204 +2 #22 3: a: 2 J- eee e = 54
Gasteropods . .2..-.-..-.¢26 22025) 202 ee err 59
Jacalitos (early upper Miocene) species...--.-..-.-22:-- 2. {2a e ase 63
Wehinodermata. --.-:.. 1.222252 522 -- = ns eee er 63
Pelecypoda.:..2.2.- 202-225 .22 ste eee eo oe arr 64
Gasteropoda...2.-2.- 2-222. 2se2 scene sen ee ee ee 69
Etchegoin (uppermost Miocene) species... ..-~. =. . 222-222 -2 =e vil
Pelecypoda: ...:..-.-.222252502. 52: -tee =e rr : 71
Gasteropoda.....5.222s2.22..).-55/F-ste ae er 83
Tulare (fresh-water Pliocene) species. -.....-...--..----=-+--- == 91
Peleeypoda...-.2.2-5-55 5-5) .--> «tee teen ee 91
Gasteropoda...-.:-252 .26 202 22 222 oe ee oe eer 95
Pisces... 2.2... 22-as2 see bale) ook ee _ 100
Index... 2-222 ote eee tee be dee as = ce 169
ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page.
Puate I. Chico fossils... .2 2225-0... 234 524.2 2 104
II-III. Tejon Peletypoda...--..25..2.2.2..2:..--) = 106, 110
IV. Tejon Gasteropoda and Echinodermata..........--.-.-:--- 114
V-IX. Vaqueros fossils....-...2.2.2225.2-+.25t 2.22) 116-124
X. Santa Margarita fossils... -......-5..:-252.22 33. 126
XI-XII. Santa Margarita and Jacalitos fossils........./.--.22]3eeee8 128, 130
XIII. Jacalitos Echinodermata............-.--.-5-5.5 2 132
XIV—-XV. Jacalitos fossils.........-...-.20..... J) ee 134, 136
XVI. Jacalitos Pelecypoda ..-....-.-...-.-.----5- = 35 138
XVII-XX. Etchegoin fossils............... we checceeese cee 140-146
XXI.. Jacalitos and Etchegoin fossils. .........-.. 2. 223g 148
XXTI-XXVITI. Etchegoin fossils. :................--.--.s-: 150-160
XXVIII. Etchegoin Echinodermata ............--./--= eee 162
XXITX. Etchegoin fossils.............-.-5..+-:-- +348 164
XXX. Tulare fossils... 00.00. ccccnnccrcscte >. sss 5,5 eee 168

PALEONTOLOGY OF THE COALINGA DISTRICT, FRESNO
AND KINGS COUNTIES, CALIFORNIA.

By Ratpu ARNOLD.

INTRODUCTION.

General statement.—The material on which this paper is based was
collected during two separate investigations in the Coalinga district
and adjacent regions. The first. was made in the summer of 1905,
under the direction of William H. Dall, of the United States Geolog-
ical Survey, in connection with a paleontologic reconnaissance of the
southern Coast Ranges. During this trip, on which the writer was
assisted by H. R. Johnson and Frank Stokes, jr., nearly a month was
spent in the region from Coalinga southward to the vicinity of Dudley.
The second examination of the district was carried on during the
whole of the summer of 1907, at which time a detailed geologic map
of the district was made. This map was primarily prepared to accom-
pany a report on the oil resources of the district, but incidentally
the detailed mapping threw much light on various stratigraphic and
paleontologic problems, several of which are discussed in this paper.

Acknowledgments.—Mr. Robert Anderson collaborated in the work
carried on in 1907 and in the preparation of the geologic reports
relative to the district, and Mr. Earl Stonebarger assisted in some of
the paleontologic field work in 1907. The writer wishes also to return
thanks to Mrs. Hugo Kreyenhagen, Mr. James H. Pierce, Prof.
Orlando D. Barton, Judge W. H. Kerr, Mr. K. W. Jones, and many
others in the district for kindly assistance and interest in the paleon-
tologic work. He is especially indebted to Mr. Homer Hamlin and
Mr. Frank M. Anderson for notes relating to many fossiliferous local-
ities, not only in this district but elsewhere in the southern Coast
Ranges, which have expedited the collection of much of the material
on which this and other papers have been based; and to Mr. 8..G.
Mason, of the United States Geological Survey, for assistance in the
preparation of the tables of fossils and fossiliferous localities con-

tained in this bulletin.
5

6 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

The discussion relating to the topography and geology of the dis-
trict is largely copied from Bulletin No. 357, United States Geological
Survey.% .

Previous paleontologic work in the district.—Practically no paleonto-
logic or geologic data concerning the Coalinga district were available
until 1894, when W. L. Watts published geologic descriptions accom-
panied by lists of fossils collected, by himself at various localities
throughout the district and identified by the late J. G. Cooper.’ In
1900 Mr. Watts gave supplemental notes on the geology of the district.°

The most important contribution to the paleontology of the district
is by Frank M. Anderson,? who in 1905 mapped and described the
formations of the local Coalinga field and described and figured many
new and several old species of fossils. The original descriptions and
figures of all the Tertiary species accredited to Mr. Anderson occur in
this paper. His report was supplemented by a later one,¢ in which
he revises some of his opinions concerning the age of certain of the
formations and gives additional notes on others.

On November 23, 1908, a report/ issued by the writer in collabora-
tion with Robert Anderson gave a geologic map and a brief description
of the geology of the region, but contained only the briefest mention
of the paleontology, although the classification of the formations
described is based primarily on their contained fossils.

Mention is also made directly or indirectly of the paleontology and
stratigraphy of the Coalinga district in the following publications,
among others:

1865. Whitney, J. D., Geol. Survey California, Geology, vol. 1, xxxii++498 pp., 1 pl.

1869. Gabb, W. M., Geol. Survey California, Pal. California, vol. 2, Cretaceous and
Tertiary fossils, xiv-+-299 pp., 36 pls.

1888. Cooper, J. G., Catalogue of California fossils, pt. 1: Seventh Ann. Rept. Cali-
fornia State Mineralogist for 1887.

1894. Cooper, J. G., Catalogue of California fossils, parts 2, 3, 4, and 5: Bull. Cali-
fornia State Min. Bureau, No. 4. Describes Cancellaria irelaniana and
Potamides carbonicola.

1894. Cooper, J. G., On some Pliocene fresh-water fossils of California: Proc. Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4, pp. 166-172, pl. 14. Describes fresh-water
deposits of Kettleman Hills, and the new species Margaritana subangulata.

1903. Eldridge, Geo. H., The petroleum fields of California: Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sur-
vey No. 213, pp. 306-3821. Gives an outline of the stratigraphy.

« Arnold, Ralph, and Anderson, Robert, Preliminary report on the Coalinga district, 1908.
» The gas and oil yielding formations of the central valley of California: Bull. California State Min. Bureau

No. 3, 1804 pp. 53-67

© OlLand gas yielding formations of California: Bull. California State Min, Bureau No. 19, 1900, pp. 131-142.

“A stratigraphic study in the Mount Diablo Range of California: Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser.
Geology, vol. 2, No. 2, 1905, pp. 156-243, pls. 13-35, -

«A further stratigraphic study on the Mount Diablo Range of California: Proc. California Acad. Sci.,
ith ser., vol. 3, 1908, pp. 1-40.

/ Preliminary report on the geology and oil resources of the Coalinga district, Fresno and Kings coun-

ties, California: Bull. U. 8. Geol, Survey No. 357, 1908, 142 pp., 3 pls.

INTRODUCTION. 7

1906. Arnold, Ralph, The Tertiary and Quaternary pectens of California: Prof. Paper
U. 8S. Geol. Survey No. 47, 264 pp., 53 pls., 2 figs. Describes Pecten
coalingaensis, P. nutteri, and P. wattsi.

1908. Weaver, Chas. E., New echinoids from the Tertiary of California: Bull. Dept.
Geology Univ. California, vol. 5, No. 17, pp. 271-274, pls. 21-22. Describes
Scutella perrini.

1908. Rathbun, Mary J., Descriptions of fossil crabs from California: Proc. U. 8.
Nat. Mus., vol. 35, pp. 341-349, pls. 45-49. Describes Cancer jfissus and
Branchiolambrus altus, new species, and Loxorhynchus grandis Stimpson from
Coalinga district.

1909. Weaver, Chas. E., Stratigraphy and paleontology of the San Pablo formation in
middle California: Bull. Dept. Geology Univ. California, vol. 5, No. 16, pp.
243-269.

Notes on the stratigraphy of the general region also occur in some
of the other publications of the California State Mining Bureau,
especially in those relating to the San Joaquin coal mine.

Location and topography.—The region mapped and referred to in
the reports of the United States Geological Survey? as the Coalinga
district is situated in the southern part of Fresno County and the
western part of Kings County, Cal., and is bounded on the south by
the Kern County line. It forms a long strip of territory extending
from 119° 50’ west longitude and 35° 47’ north latitude at its south-
east corner to 120° 37’ west longitude and 36° 20’ north latitude at
its northwest corner, along the foot of the Diablo Range. This is the
easternmost member of the Coast Ranges on the border of the San
Joaquin Valley of California. The district as mapped is roughly 50
miles long and 15 miles wide and includes about 700 square miles.

The Coalinga district owes its broader topographic features to its
position along the border between the Coast Ranges and the San
Joaquin Valley. It is largely a region of foothills that rise on the west
into the mountains and merge on the east with the wide level plain.
The foothills form several groups around the base of spurs descending
southeastward from the Diablo Range, the groups being separated
from each other by reentrant valleys that open out to the San Joaquin
Valley.

The Diablo Range in this latitude is a rugged mountain group made
up of various component members, some of which, owing to a compli-
cation of structures, run at angles oblique to the main trend of the
range northwest and southeast. The crest of the range has a general
altitude varying between 2,500 and 5,000 feet, and declines in height
from the region northwest of the Coalinga distiict toward the region
southwest of it, where it has been assumed as coming to a stop and
giving place on the southwest to the Temblor Range. The northwest
corner of the district is marked by a a peak nearly 5 000 feet | high n that

a Bull. No. 357, p. 11.

8 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

stands at the head of Joaquin Ridge; in the southwest corner, the
much lower Avenal Ridge, the southernmost spur of the range,
appears. In the intermediate region the ridges are in general sepa-
rated from the main divide of the range by a region of lower relief.
determined by the presence of transverse structural valleys, of which
Waltham Valley is the principal example. The general topographic
development is youthful, but there is evidence in certain localities of
different stages of development up to advanced youth. A feature of
the relief of the whole region is the topographic reflection of the geo-
logic structure, a feature that is especially pronounced in the foothills
belt, with which this report particularly deals.

GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS.

GENERAL STATEMENT.

The eastern slope of the mountains bordering the San Joaquin
Valley is formed by a great thickness of strata dippimg toward the
valley. The oldest rocks exposed appear in the axis of the mountain
range at the base of the monocline, and successively younger forma-
tions appear eastward as the edge of the valley is approached. The
different formations that may be recognized as units in this series,
with the time divisions to which they correspond, are as follows, from
the oldest to the youngest: Franciscan (Jurassic?), Knoxville (Lower
Cretaceous), Chico (Upper Cretaceous), Tejon (Eocene), Vaqueros
(lower Miocene), Santa Margarita(?) (upper middle Miocene), Jacalitos
(early upper Miocene), Etchegoin (uppermost Miocene), Tulare
(Pliocene and lower Pleistocene), and late Quaternary alluvium and
terrace deposits. These formations, with the exception of certain
igneous and metamorphic rocks associated with the Franciscan, are
of sedimentary origin, and, with the exception of minor portions
of the Miocene series and most of the Tulare and later beds, are of
marine deposition. They indicate that the greater portion of the
area included within the Coalinga district was beneath the sea during
intervals occupying probably the major portion of the time from the
Jurassic to the end of the Miocene. The latest movements of the

land, which produced the features of topographic relief now to be
seen, did not take place until Quaternary time.

In the following table is given a tentative correlation of these for-
mations with those of other localities in California:

GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS.

*aU0}SBUII] PUB YSITIOG “4SIOS Youle *9U0}SOUIT| PUB 4YSIYOG é
AQ TULIO} WONT (): Aq toro; MoU () Aqrulojuo0ou ()
“oqo waits) es
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AjUTIO;MONT () AV Tuo; UooU FY —— Ay TOLIO;uo09U () Aqruosojyuo0ou () ~~ 2
“UBOSIOUBL IT “UBOSIOURL A, “uRosIouRl Ay ‘ S
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a] [[AXOU *oI[IAXOU *o[[[AXOU “O[[AXOU lth
\——— Aq u0yu00T () Bo
*UMO}OSIOFL Say
Ayyorroyuo0ou :) ey
*ooryO (2) “OOTYO | eb) i009) a
{Aqrunioyu0ou -) \——, Aqyruiojymoou (:) SS SSS
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‘eue00K] payeIyMeleyIpuy) ’ *edoyedoy, ‘uolay, | “uofay,
{Ajrorroyaoou ‘adseg on ue 4 4yrorioyueou :) ———$———
‘ouring "sped per 2 *palelueley “200
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*soronbe A. “‘a[eys 1aMO'T *soronbe A. *soronbe A ‘soronbe A. “soronbe A.
AjTULIO;MOOU () ne] — Ayrurroyuoou 43
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Ajurioyuoou 9) =
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“pues ‘sjisodep oovaiay, |‘pues‘sjisodep voviiey, | ‘pues ‘sjisodep sovisieg, | pue spsodep vovaieg, | Aoea ‘sjisodep urrels ‘oped ueg ‘ |
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“mOT0eS *H01}99S S][IH e}UeN g “morljoas (AQUNOD Bin4y “mO1j0aS - “0100S ; “me} |.
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pavpunis ay? yum jouisip vbuynog ayi fo suowwusof 947 fo W0219H)ALL09 adIgoUAT,

10 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

FRANCISCAN FORMATION (JURASSIC ?).

General description.—The Franciscan formation occupies the central
portion of the Diablo Range and comprises the oldest, most altered,
and most distorted rocks in the district. The original sedimentary
rocks of the Franciscan are sandstone, shale, and jasper, with which
are associated glaucophane, actinolite, and related schists, serpentine,
and other metamorphosed rocks, and, in one area, soda-bearing horn-
blende syenite. The serpentine is by far the most important of the
rocks in or associated directly with the Franciscan.

Age.—No fossils have been found in the Franciscan formation in
the Coalinga district, and similar conclusive evidence as to its age is
also lacking in other districts where it is known throughout the Coast
Ranges. It antedates the Knoxville (Lower Cretaceous) and is
usually considered Jurassic, but further than this little can be said
regarding its age.

KNOXVILLE-CHICO ROCKS (CRETACEOUS).

General description.—The next oldest rocks exposed in the Coalinga
district comprise a thick succession of sandstone, shale, and conglom-
erate overlying with probable unconformity the Franciscan formation
and covering a wide belt for the most part west of the foothill region.
They form the high hills north and south of Los Gatos and Waltham
creeks and may be easily recognized by the dark, thin-bedded, compact
shale and sandstone of the lower portion and the massive drab con-
cretionary sandstone of the upper portion. These rocks are of Creta-
ceous age and comprise part or all of the two formations well known
elsewhere on the west coast as Knoxville (Lower Cretaceous) and
Chico (Upper Cretaceous). Owing to the lack of fossil or strati-
graphic evidence in the Coalinga district sufficient to form the basis
for a separation between these two formations, they are described
together for the present.

The rocks, however, may be separated lithologically into three
divisions. A marked distinction between the lower and upper por-
tions has already been noted, and the thin-bedded shale and sand-
stone making up the lower portion is further divided into two parts
by a conformably interbedded zone of coarser sediments and in places
by several hundred feet of coarse massive conglomerate, as along
Alcalde Canyon and on Juniper Ridge.

The beds above and below the conglomerate zone are the same in
character, consisting of predominantly dark argillaceous shale in thin

layers with partings of sandstone, but it is possible that the conglom-
erate zone represents an important stratigraphic separation. Chico —
(Upper Cretaceous) fossils have been found north of White Creek and
near Alcalde in the shale at horizons higher than the conglomerate, and
it is possible that the zone of coarsening in the sediments represents the
base of the Chico. The beds below the conglomerate are at least 3,000

feet thick, and probably belong to the Knoxville (Lower Cretaceous).

KNOXVILLE-CHICO ROCKS. LE

Knoxville fossils —No fossils of Knoxville age have been found in
the Coalinga district proper, but in the Devils Den region, a short
distance southeast of the Kern-Kings County line, the following
characteristic Knoxville fossils have been found in a dark greenish
shale, believed to be the equivalent of a part of the lower portion of
the Knoxville-Chico of the Coalinga district: Peleeypoda, Aucella
crassicollis Keyserling; Cephalopoda, Belemnites impressus Gabb. In
addition to these two species, F. M. Anderson? reports a species of
Ammonites (Hoplites) from the Knoxville portion of the Cretaceous
in the Coalinga district or adjacent regions.

Chico fossils —The Chico, or upper portion of the Knoxville-Chico
rocks, has yielded a number of fairly representative fossils, but in
most instances in a poor state of preservation. The following species,
all believed to be characteristic of the Chico, have been found at one
place or another within the district:

List of Chico (Upper Cretaceous) fossils from the Coalinga district.

Name. Lmao se Nails: 6. uu.

TENTED US o(0S 72) (C0 0) cS 2S a ce (a Dn eee ee See
ELT Ue 6 30) Ser see mr ONE a he oe ese 2S See aes
BCA ANCOMVEreusis, Meek. .......------------------s-l---. > ae | el (eho (ey cael Rot (one) Ie te Bere ees
BwvMiCiMalinen rors Evans and Shumard............:)--..|-..-|----]----|----]----]2-+-|----]---- ee aS
GCP SRD 1 Sip Wa ne 2 a [re fel ina) a BRE See ek cee eon Lies He oe ee
Mars MAEMer Gabp....---.-.--:------------------ a ae (kN fea ean (eae ty (22 SN ae | See Siac |See
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OEE ASSP LuG12 (RR SO A et | ate etd
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Th bs ADS ES 5 Pa ee (nd I GP ( eeee| eee ices <2 Se | ee
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|

GASTEROPODA. | |
Ji) [a -. Sa ee re senh Oe || Sale eee call oe oles loee en ae
Per SERB LEVATOSHUISIGODD.- =. 2251 o--= 526 oe-- oe ene cose |-a--|o--- Soleo ioe leet ee Gaa4 ses
Mronumnormearrabbi (White): ........-.-....-.--.-.2...-!...- ee | dal as So (Ses /25 Se nes | See (ee

PELECYPODA. | |

ba |
ie.)
wo
—_
o

CEPHALOPODA. Wesel |
AEP. Bo oe iS oe Se eee see Cee ES eeeeee SESE Aree Ves=a. sl) SOS Meare cere [ate lease close Bec qeche

@ Proce. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 161.
- b A of indeterminate ammonoids have been found by several persons in the hills northwest of
oalinga.

1. Ten miles N. 27° W. of Coalinga, at elevation of 2,600 feet, on summit of long ridge north of Los Gatos
Creek; in center of SW. 4 sec. 15, T.19S., R.14 E. About 1,000 feet stratigraphically above base of Chico
concretionary sandstone series in a bed of conglomerate and pebbly micaceous sandstone.

2. Hills north of Los Gatos Creek; probably same locality as 1.

3. About one-fourth mile north of 1, on the same ridge. About 600 feet stratigraphically above base of
Chico concretionary sandstone series in a conglomerate bed through massive sandstone.

4. On long ridge, 33 miles north of junction of White and Los Gatos creeks, on north side of summit of
2,654-foot hill. Several hundred feet stratigraphically below base of Chico concretionary sandstone series
in a coarse conglomerate through sandstone and shale.

5. Two miles north of White Creek, at elevation of 3,100 feet, one-fourth mile southeast of summit of
3,425-foot hill; southeast corner sec. 10, T. 19 S., R.13 E. About 2,000 feet stratigraphically below base of
concretionary sandstone series in a bed of pebbly sandstone through the shale series.

6. Two miles north of White Creek, at elevation of about 2,800 feet, on long ridge, three-fourths mile
south of 3,300-foot hill; east side of NE. 4 sec. 14, T.19S.,R.13 E. About 2,000 feet stratigraphically below
base of Chico concretionary sandstone series in a pebbly sandstone through shale series. Probably the
same horizon as 5.

7. Hills northwest of Coalinga; locality indefinite. Specimens owned by J. H. Webb.

8. Float in creek 6 miles northwest of Coalinga, north of White Creek.

9. In Aleade Hills, 34 miles west-southwest of Coalinga in Anticline Canyon, central part of sec. 2, T. 21
$.,R.14E. At contact of Cretaceous and Miocene in a thin bed of pebbly sandstone through thinly bedded
sandstone and shale.

10. Alcalde Canyon, one-half mile southwest of Alealde. In shale.

11. Head of Canoas Creek outside of the area mapped. About 1 to 2 miles east of the southeast end of
Castle Mountain. In sandstone and shale.

12 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

The following additional species are reported by F. M. Anderson 4
from the nodular limestone in the shales below the concretionary
sandstones at different points throughout the Coalinga district:

PELECYPODA. CEPHALOPODA.

|
|
Glycymeris veatchii Gabb+Pectunculus | Baculites sp.

id. Desmoceras sp., related to D. hoffmanni
Inoceramus Ss hiineyi Gabb. Gabb.

Lytoceras sacya Forbes.
GASTEROPODA.

Architectonica sp. ‘

Cinulia obliqua Gabb.

Gyrodes sp.
|
/

TEJON FORMATION (EOCENE)..

General description——The Knoxville-Chico rocks are overlain
unconformably by beds belonging to the Tejon (Eocene) formation.
This is a marine sedimentary formation, which was named from the
locality near Fort Tejon, in Kern County, where it occurs typically.
It forms. a belt along the western. edge of the San Joaquin Valley
and is exposed intermittently in the region between the type locality
and the Coalinga district. No sharp line of demarcation is to be
drawn between the Tejon and the underlying Chico in the northern
part of the district, and in places there appears to be a gradation
from the beds of the former into those of the latter, asif they had
been formed during a continuous period of sediment annie

The Tejon Foran in the Coalinga district is made up entirely
of sedimentary strata that dip feed the San Joaquin Valley in-
the monocline along the eastern flank of the mountains, and are |
exposed on the surface in a narrow discontinuous belt eiwere the
beds of Cretaceous which underlie them and those of the overlying
Miocene. Broadly speaking, the Tejon formation here may be)
divided into a lower sandstone portion and an upper shale portion, —
but no sharp division can be made that will be applicable throughout —
the district under discussion. The most important and distinctive
feature of the formation is the predominantly fine-grained nature of
the beds toward the top as compared with those below. Where
most completely exposed the Tejon comprises a thickness of 1,400
to 2,300 feet, the upper half of which is made up of thin beds of

whitish and purplish, siliceous, argillaceous, and locally calcareous
shale which is easily recognizable and which lends individuality to
the formation. The lowermost few hundred feet are of variable
sandy beds, locally fossiliferous. The upper shale is very similar—
especially so in some places, as north of Coalinga—to the siliceous }
shale of the formation along Reef Ridge described later | as the Santa

a Proc, California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, No. 2, 1905, p. 161.

TEJON FORMATION. A)

Margarita(?), and the two must not be confused. Where the Tejon
‘formation is thick the shale portion forms a greater proportion of
the whole than does the sandstone, the middle beds being chiefly of
fine grain. The middle beds differ from those at the top in being
more argillaceous, of a darker color, less prominent, and more
frequently interbedded with sandy beds.

There are three separate areas in which the Tejon is exposed; one
in the oil field north of Pleasant Valley, another on the eastern border
of the Alcalde Hills just west of Coalinga, and the third along Reef
Ridge. Between the Alcalde Hills and Reef Ridge it is covered, as
is the Cretaceous below, by the overlapping Miocene beds.

Fossils —As indicated by the following list, the Tejon formation
is well represented by fossils, which in several localities are in a fairly
good or even an excellent state of preservation. Among the species
collected by Robert Anderson and the writer within the Coalinga
district are the following:

List of Tejon (Eocene) fossils from the Coalinga district.

Rin Se Ss aia eeren aul
SiS(S/F (S/S i SiS/ S/F els
FORAMINIFERA.
PITRE SEN ee ee See Wk Sn wa cece -ticc ene ss|e- [== sel eee |e By Pe (Se Co ee nel Le
ECHINODERMATA.
Cassidulus californicus F. M. Anderson............|--..]---- srr all evctar af turers |atate Se esol Sear Ne | ete Teor er
PELECYPODA.
Barbatia morsel Gabb.--.....-...----.--..--..-.-- bed beads pass aes Beas <1 xX | xX
Cardium breweri Gabb.-. - acelne Lal ON Boel tens ees Oe cul hd [abi s<
Cardium cooperi Gabb. . vor <a Bete
Cardium sp. indet....... \pedt | GP Sal seas Peeters ae aed ee abe ernie) ee (Se
PemMinvALIUS GADD. - 222... .:--2-----5-2-2---6---- Peeilosa=| OX, low se lewern 1S eeeehe oe ee sath RET cece.
rassaueuites grandis Gabb.........--..-.---+-...-- x is: csiestl Fee ee (St eee | Pe a a ee eee
PP AAIMOO BLA a 2 = ee oes wn anne [cee Reea abel Ease eer (oe eee eed ES (EE RS
a) AEE 2 ny a ee So = Pec en en Fee eS cde ee |e
Memtiionmi Gabb- <. 2-22-22 ---wee-eee E554 RASS Recs BSS. Wes bsasl Pe Oleses a ae eS ene
MEmpimmOwaus Gabp. 2.22.08. 22. e ee eee see ees jodi ps 33 Gass Be pcos oc) Eb) so aod | Rema eae:
Meretrix uvasana Conrad...........-.-..---, Be eee | eRe RR Pa Peres erst yeh es So Be) a NS
Coa Sl 2 Ss Sas Or M [hal ese. |e -a-| A cee eee te ce eae |e eel eee es
Ostrea aviculiformis F. M. Anderson............... See Sage Bec pee beset) cise ene Seto calli Sol )-ese Bees
maneaddraensis Gabb...-....-...---.-.---.- eee $355|| Oy) BES Coe Be 2 eee Pee ced |B. 4a (Be, lV <a ea
Spo EE py 1G 2s i eS a S32 Peete eg eee Wms 1 VO al ia |e | Oe eee
rv akioustiigo L222. Sa a EEN |e clsia cel tenes ees | eres eee lee al gee see
oven) Rye 2 eae Pe sata | eta |aarsia|s atc erelcemleeeeleeel| OX |-aacles xs
Pectan interradiatus Gabb........:...---..----..-. 2a poo] ssa | Ga) Baws Sec! [S61 e| Sel Gee et
Pectemmecknaml Gabb.......----.----..s-...-.-.- veee[esee]oe ee] Da eee Pare fae) | es a ee fee
Placunanomia inornata Gabb .................--..- tal RES a CB eee BAe Bee else a Snel a Cal ei (ee ee oe
Septifer dichotomus Gabb..............-..-------- S| Bea eel eee mes erect ec face «
Poem parallels GADD. 1.2 =... .. 2. 2.cd en. 0. seen Sok A AREY oe pol Bee RE eee ae Laas
Spondylus carlosensis F. M. Anderson............- PEN > Gl Chae Pact Milbesclaaee |. ces Sanlecee tues ae
Tellins hornii SARIS at vlc Shs Peace c ves e = ssbu sss. ae ers eee ates Teal [28 ee ee Ewell Saealeene sues
Tellina joaquinensis n. sp.....--..-----.----------- Soe] Nel Eee Pees ses] = 8-2 B= ey aS PECAN DOM temo inares
ai 7h iy) 6 a a BASES aaaalt ce ogee pee loces|s noel oaakieachgurt ore
Venericardia alticostata Gabb...........-.......... bel ieee ees Se ec 2) bide hosel San eheeee ToS
Venericardia planicosta Lamarck.................. Sel pee eed Rees Beka be. cees|eeesfeees ae ae ea
Mpnericardinisy, (SINGll). 2.226... cece see e ee cess Bee ols esata | - vee|eeee|eeee|ecesfeeee| sees
Seneriomdiasp.indet......-.--.2..----i-22---.-5- Set] A>, an lp, at Pieter) eee oer | sey es Pic sell ok) aie Sage
GASTEROPODA. |
So 4G (1) a a arg Perc
momauropsis alveata Conrad.....................-.- Pr he tS es
Amauropsis oviformis? Gabb ...................... Re) Papeete aoe
Cancellaria irelaniana Cooper. .........-........... SP CASE ER | cer) MPa
Sromcuie OOStata Gabb ... 6.665 sec. s ence cesese oes mets
Dentalium cooperi Gabb............-...-----.-.--- eee
Fusus remondii Gabb,.,......-..-- eee elas la cnaleme eter eatinedtats alesiaic

14 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

List of Tejon (Eocene) fossils from the Coatinga district—Continued.

ive) o io} oO oO co
x sh —~ i i —~
GASTEROPODA—continued.
Gales excentricus!Gabb=----- 2. -- = -eerr er eae weeclecee|ecec|oce ileal XX [ees | ae
Loxotrems turrita:‘Gabb- 2... 2s-- a= == =e eee ae eee | ace al eee ele ee Ree er Be Sal | te
unatiahornit Gabpbss2 2] +2 e5 nese ee eee Speer epee preemie (eee rr ee le es
PATTRALTALS GS aes ie oa alae PP Bee eee Peer eee eel ia Qi [Eos eae
Nerttatriangnlata Gabbessaas..- sss eee eee eea-[-2--|-25-]-seclese-|-ees|on25 ee eee
Pleurotoma domenginei nN. sp -.-.---------------- eone[bece|o-c-|--221225-]) 5/2282 eee eel
Pleurotoma fresnoensis nN. Sp---.----------.-------- en ee ere ee ee I ee oe
Pleurotoma guibersoni n. sp ...------------------- wccelececlewec|sce clean], OX cee el eee eee ee
Potamides carbonicola Cooper. -.-.-.---------------- eee ee ey eee een eee ee oe
RimellaicanaliferaiGabb 2222 = 324-9 eee eee wane] X |-o26]2. ooo 25 /e< ee ee
DEEDULOEDIS Spy Gee. = eee ae ae wewe|enee[ses2]eec| OC | eee peer See eee heen
Spiroglyphus? tejonensis n: sp .-.--.---------=2--= ee ee ee een ela alee nee eo
Tritonidea kreyenhageni N. sp .-.------------------- ey Pas ee epee) eee (ree ee
Tritonium californicum Gabb-.-.-...-.-.------------- eee (ee es een eee Ce ee ee ene
Turritella pachecoensis Stanton... /...--.----- seo sis ~ore|encelececlic.s| XK |becelo=ss)e=e=) =e ee rr
Turritella wvasana Conrad +2... ase sen ssa eee ween) KM Jecccdec cd Sl SO aa
BX CHO POLS fe Siete sere ota ste eae re eae ieee i ye ee ets) eee ells 8) 52.) 5-2 +

4613. About 11 miles north of Coalinga, on west side of sec. 4, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.

4614. East flank of Alcalde Hills, 3 to 4 miles northwest of Coalinga, along ridge within three-fourths mile
of San Joaquin Valley coal mine, in northwest corner of sec. 26 and SE. } sec. 22, T. 20S., R. 14 E.
Prominent medium-grained sandstone bed about 200 feet above contact with concretionary sandstone beds
mapped as Cretaceous.

4615. High point on Reef Ridge about 1 mile south of sharp turn in Zapato Creek and 1 mile east of Sulphur
Spring Canyon, in sec. 25, T.22S., R.15 EK. Basal conglomerate of Tejon.

4616. Eight miles due north of Coalinga, one-half mile east of Oil Canyon road, and just north of Laval
grade, near center of SE. 4} sec. 20, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. Siliceous shale in upper portion of Tejon.

4617. On southwest flank of Reef Ridge north of McLure Valley, 2} miles south-southeast of El Cerrito
oil well, in sec. 27, T. 23 S., R.17 E. .

4619. Fifteen miles north of Coalinga, southwest of Domengine’s ranch.

4620. Coal mine 44 miles northwest of Coalinga, about 1 mile north of San Joaquin mine, SW. 4 NE. 4
sec. 22, T.20S., R. 14 E. In very gypsiferous variable sand and clay overlying coal seams, 200 to 300 feet
above base of formation. ’

4621. About 54 miles northwest of Coalinga on point of hills (elevation 1,100 feet) south of mouth of Los
Gatos Creek, in center of NE. } sec. 15, T. 20S., R. 14 E. In hard calcareous sandstone bed about 150 feet
above contact with concretionary sandstone mapped as Cretaceous.

4622. Four miles west-northwest of Coalinga, on top of hill north of road and one-half mile south of San
Joaquin Valley coal mine, west of center of SW. 4 sec. 26, T. 22S., R. 14 E. Prominent sandstone bed
about 150 feet above concretionary sandstone mapped as Cretaceous.

: 4801. Three miles northwest of Coalinga, at San Joaquin Valley coal mine, in NW. 4 sec. 26, T. 20S.,
2. 14 E. :

ele Eight miles nor aest of Coalinga, in white siliceous shale at top of Tejon formation east of center
of sec. 25, T.19S., R. 14 E. :

5014. About 13 miles north of Coalinga, on east side of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., in dark-colored shale
just under Miocene oil sand.

To the above list of species should be added the following, among
others collected by F. M. Anderson? in the same region:

FORAMINIFERA. PELECYPODA.
Cyclamminasp. Gari texta? Gabb (4).
Lagena? sp. Modiola ornata Gabb (3).

Nodosaria sp.
Polymorphina sp. OE ee

Pulvulina sp. Cancellaria elongata Gabb (1).

Sagrina ae Architectonica hornii Gabb (1).

Vaginulina sp, Fusus diaboli Gabb (1).

Fusus martinez Gabb (1, 3).

Morio tuberculatus Gabb (4).

Ellipsosmilia granulifera Gabb (4). Neverita globosa Gabb (1, 3).

Trochoeyathus striatus Gabb + Trochos-
milia id, (4),

ANTHOZOA,

BRACHIOPODA,

Terebratella sp. (2).

® Proc, California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, No. 2, 1905, pp. 164-166,

\
q
]
|

TEJON FORMATION. 15

LOCALITIES,

1. Region southeast of Big Tar Canyon.

2. Conglomerate and coarse sandstone near base of Eocene at San Joaquin coal mine
and northward to Los Gatos Creek.

3. Sandy beds associated with the carbonaceous strata above 2.

4. North of Los Gatos Creek.

Faunal relations and age.—With the exception of the new Eocene
species described in this paper, certain species described by J. G.
Cooper and F. M. Anderson from this region, and a few forms that
occur in the Martinez or lower Eocene, the fauna of the Eocene of the
Coalinga district consists of species heretofore known only from
Tejon localities.

The new forms discovered by F. M. Anderson and the writer have so
far escaped observation in other localities, but some of them, at least,
may eventually be found elsewhere. The species occurring in the
Coalinga district and also found at the type locality of the Martinez?
are as follows:

Cardium cooperi Gabb. Morio tuberculatus Gabb.
Cylichna costata Gabb. Tellina hornii Gabb.
Dentalium cooperi Gabb. Turritella pachecoensis Stanton.
_ Leda gabbi Conrad. Venericardia planicosta Lamarck (V.
Lunatia hornii Gabb. hornii Gabb).

According to Merriam? Cardium cooperi is common in the Martinez
and rarer in the Tejon; Cylichna costata is rare in the Martinez and
common in the Tejon; Dentalium cooper is common in the Chico
(Cretaceous), Martinez, and Tejon; Leda gabbi is common in both the
Martinez and Tejon; Lunatia hornii is rare in the Martinez and com-
mon in the Tejon; the occurrence of Morio tuberculatus is question-
able in the Martinez; Tellina hornii is common in both the Martinez
and Tejon; and Venericardia planicosta is common throughout the
Martinez and Tejon and all through the Eocene for that matter. The
Turritella pachecoensis from the Coalinga district is much smaller than
the typical form from the Martinez. Pecten peckhami Gabb extends
to the Miocene or even higher.

Of a total fauna of 52 recognizable species, in the Tejon of the
Coalinga district, 10 are species so far known only from the district,
1 has heretofore been known only in the Martinez; 8 are found both
in the Martinez and the Tejon (but all except 1 are species of which
the individuals are as common or commoner in the latter than in
the former); and 33 are known almost exclusively in the Tejon. It
is obvious, therefore, that the bulk of the Eocene in the Coalinga
district is of Tejon age, which probably represents a part of the
middle Eocene. There is also evidence favoring the correlation of
the fauna with the Jackson formation of Mississippi.

The faunas of all of the localities in the Tejon in the Coalinga
district, with the exception of those found associated with the car-
bonaceous beds west of Coalinga, indicate a marine origin for the

@ Merriam, J. C., Jour. Geology, vol. 5, 1897, p. 773,

16 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

deposits. The fauna of the carbonaceous beds (locality 4801, etce.),
indicate brackish water at this locality during a part of the Tejon.
This agrees with evidence from other parts of the west coast where

the middle Eocene is characterized by brackish and even fresh water

deposits, usually containing more or less coal. The brackish water
deposits in the Coalinga district are characterized by such species
as Barbatia morsei Gabb, Placunanomia inornata Gabb, Ostrea aviculi-
formis Anderson, and Potamides carbonicola Cooper.

The molluscan fauna of the white diatomaceous and forannniferal
shale at the top of the Tejon in the Coalinga district consists of
Pecten interradiatus Gabb, Pecten peckhami Gabb, and Leda gabhi
Conrad. Leda gabbi is 2 common Tejon species, while Pecten peck-
hami is so far known elsewhere only in the Oligocene, Miocene, and
possibly Pliocene. Pecten interradiatus is known elsewhere only in
shales occupying a similar stratigraphic position to the shales in
which it occurs in the Coalinga district. The stratigraphic evidence
is in favor of the diatomaceous shales being a part of the Tejon.

The faunal evidence is about equally divided; therefore, it seems

most logical that the rocks in question be assigned to the Tejon, at
least until the securing of further and more definite evidence.?%

VAQUEROS FORMATION (LOWER MIOCENE).

Distribution and character.—The unconformity at the top of the
Tejon (Eocene) marks an important lapse of time before the begin-
ning of the Miocene epoch. In the early Miocene there was deposited
in the Coalinga district a sedimentary formation that is the correla-
tive of the formation known as the Vaqueros sandstone in the region
nearer the coast.

The Vaqueros sandstone in the area under discussion forms an
elongated belt east of the belt of Tejon in the hills bordermg the
San Joaquin Valley. It consists of hard and soft sandstone, shale,
and conglomerate, varying from 550 feet in the Coalinga field to
900 feet in the Kreyenhagen field, and may be easily distinguished
from all other formations by the protruding tendency of the hard
sandstone, known as the ‘‘reef beds,” in its central portion. These
beds outcrop prominently in the northern portion of the district,
and in the southern portion, in the bold face of Reef Ridge, assume
such prominence as to dominate the landscape. They are much
more resistant to erosion than the soft associated beds, and, dipping
toward the valley on the northeast at angles varying from 50° to 80°

they form the scarp and double row of pinnacles with which
Reef Ridge fronts the foothills.

An important distinguishing feature of the Vaqueros is that the
beds at its base are the chief oil sands of the Coalinga district. In

many places they are saturated and discolored with petroleum.
They rest upon the eroded surface of the shale of the Tejon through-

4 See also Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 3, 1908, p. 16,

VAQUEROS FORMATION. iG
out most of their extent, but overlap in the Alcalde and Jacalitos
hills upon the Knoxville-Chico (Cretaceous) rocks, thus hiding the
Tejon (Eocene) from view. Where such overlapping occurs, the basal
beds lose their petroliferous character at a distance from the Tejon.
Fossils —Throughout the Coalinga district the Vaqueros sandstone
is usually fossiliferous at one horizon or another, and yields a fauna
of many species, sometimes in a fairly good state of preservation,
The following species have been found by Robert Anderson and the
writer in or immediately adjacent to the Coalinga district:

List of Vaqueros (lower Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district.

= ite) ft eo for) =! ivr] = itr) tt 1 i
Name. AlLAIAIAIAIL/SISlalalal|ois
ate g/e/s|6g)2/2)2 2/2 2/8
} |
PELECYPODA. | |
|
remopisnonnn Conrad. ©... ..-------.-------5.-+-- Se Sas clasas tence basse lcemepeeeclemee acen aoc kieses LS
LB) pSrn Tait TAT Sr ae Se (ee eae Ve ag Pt 25) DF ta Lease | oe
Cardium vaquerosensis Arnold.........-...-.---.-- Be ee eee | See alee cee eee eee eee ese
Chione conradiana F. M. Anderson..........-.----- lS ee eee Ee ee ca pct ce ee ol eee:
Chione temblorensis F. M. Anderson............--- ea Ress] = ot |acen [aoe (Om. oleae Reet Bia iat “ip:
Corbicula dumblei F. M. Anderson..........-.-.--- ey Se oS NO Socal ae alee bese Medel Rees AT
Doasinia mathewsonii Gabb........----.---..------ eel saesed |e Pa RN SR Ua 9H yes) irae DRA Bak
Masiminimendeross Glay.-.-.-..--------.-----------|---- ed EE Se (Se ead Pa Pea ere ea 0 eae
Miscomuattesecta Conrad_......................-.- pees | | ed I (aS Sl Be es oe Ee hs A aa
oo PUNTA? TIQh GEL We SDL pkgs eee ee i ee Papen PR | i eee eee eased el Lael
Wet tataalin Onrad. 2. .2.-+--.-----------2-----<- es ct [eee fe SG hele I SSH ICO 2 ba ee ae! EO ee
Situliniadensata Conrad... .....-..-..----....-.--- EMESIS Sel sacle ule Ape Selene eee ieee eran Rae 2
Mulinia densata Conrad var. minor n. var..........--- el ie aa es oes] see! eee Be sa ae ee JErat se
Mytilus mathewsoni Gabb var. expansus Arnold... .... 5 hal A AOI iat Cea NS 2) eon ee Se Ee Ray
OL SID DiV UL) OC ag Ee page cl (A) (ena (a De a ied || eee Soe
imacromandersont ATHOIG ~ ....-..------2--2+------- ies SP (PSA aes I eee |e ie SC | Ears ieee
Pecten crassicardo Conrad............-.-.--.------ esse See (a i eS Sel ee aed es Kastbeas
Wectenestrelianus? Conrad. .-..........--.---------l---- iol Bees Peael eon Mes oenel eee ore 2 Snes
Wecten miguelensis Arnold..................-.--.-|---- Pe ed fee eh Sale 2 Spee pee a ee eee ne ee
Phacoides acutilineatus Conrad...........-...--..-|.--- ee Es Gee Bees pal Cee Feat eee bocce td [Ree 2) oe A
Phacoides (Miltha) sanctecrucis n. sp...----------|..-- Pekar SS Seat ee oe a ae 8 ee | ee eked 2 te
Saxidomus vaquerosensis n. sp.........--.--------- ee Bal tang oetea (aeam fas- eal Ue eyes) TS pa | ae
Bepittionecaineensis n. Sp-.....-..--.-.--.---0----- fs a Lek aaa Me el ae Sl (8
ipaininevanar Conrad... .-....-.----.-.----------- [eee 1 254 [peg Sea-| eq peo
Memmerpenenuis GabD_-................-.--------- ed Pe |S a a pl |a Be
miolgianiipressa Conrad.....-........2---------+-- Teed ae et ey eS ee 2a ee
Winpheea dentata.Gabb ......-.-.-..-:------- ae oo yA RS at Cel eee eae
Meche SISIEIXIEIZIRIElSISisis
al S/S/S8/S (S/S 81S S/S) 3/3
PELECYPODA. |
| |
mum Omispoana, CONTA... 6.22... css e oe. e eee sees e|---- SP eee RY A eee gd bere | | (cle) naa a
UTD ee Sees aSeer oes! Seen Bee cee nese Bec Serad mimerd (eee Gamer > eee
Cardium vaquerosensis Arnold............--.------ Sa 8 Peel eee ee eet eal FS Ste fs le Ee ee oa ae
Chione conradiana F. M. Anderson ..............-- BP aca ge a eal eee Sule eevee toalimenall ote s POR) Reale
Chione temblorensis F. M. Anderson.......-.------ ea EGE tte ee UR 1 Te) PE Vip as | Ea
Corbicula dumblei F. M. Anderson.....-....-.----- cegel ets pete Be eel pare eel (eS ee eee Ee ae ee
Mosmmaauathewsonii.Gabb......---.-...----------- | eet) ee ee eee Se eral ee scl ae] eel peed Bees
WMosinia ponderosa Gray..........-........--------- hscroa Bee eed Se ae! pgp ese bi 4 2 ee ee FA Rae
Sumer Secte CONTA |. --- 2-125... nese ee esse RPI ic Se hal fase | Sets ayn t 52) Ce ae ee ee ol eee
cone tin EV Gt Odeo eeeel Peed mney Pec) Le | Sl eee (ener | ee aed be
rh LEO ee 22, el ee lee Bees baa Bestia ieee | Sask |e || Nem Me
Mulinia densata Conrad ...........-.----.--.+------ (OEE eel ees Baa Bese ooo | OSS BSE |B tal eee Ro Lane
Mulinia densata Conrad var. minor n, var..........|..-. >| BI Wao Fate eel ga bee paso btn |-=
Mytilus mathewsoni Gabb var. expansus Arnold ..|....|.--- eee (ergs SS (Re a ARP 5 Pe esa }
os aie 6h) (nts is a a a adealyim 1 eae
Pecten andersoni Arnold..............-..----.----- see <4 wees x
Pecten crassicardo Conrad...............--.------- ees *
Pecten estrellanus? Conrad ...............-..-...-- eee
Pecten miguelensis Arnold..........-.-..-.-.------
Phacoides acutilineatus Conrad................---.|.---
Phacoides (Miltha) sancteecrucis n. sp... ...
Saxidomus vaquerosensis n. sp...-..
Septifer coalingensis Arnold .....
Tivela inezana? Conrad .........
Venus pertenuis Gabb.....-....-
Yoldia impressa Conrad.......... .|
ezirphses dentata Gabb .................2-.--2-0-0e]e-e-

88866—Bull. 396—09——-2

18 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

List of Vaqueros (lower Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district—Continued.

slag |e lalalsiolal sia 51 i
Name. SIS/S 22/2 EEE EBs ee
= — — = bl x = ss x Bi] + a) bu
ECHINODERMATA. ‘
Scutella merriami F. M. Anderson....-.--- Ree Pe Geel ase arts > a ie, (le Sel ait
GASTEROPODA.
Agasoma kernianum Cooper.......-------- Bebo sace aes a(S We7@ je =| sce |+ ome] eee see eee eee
Agasoma santacruzana Arnold...-.----.-- Seas |saeeloese\ res llesaells RP Pe ere ea eos -
Bathytoma piercer mM: Sp2-o- 2---- =e == |e Seal : 2 2 o'|5 20a leverete area een te
Cancellaria vetusta Gabb....--..-.-------c|:-«-|---- Sal ie ery ee nemo e (|
Cancellaria andersoni n. sp ...-.-----------|----)---- Emel eKen ee, E we|eces|oecefoeee|eeee eee
Conus owenianus F. M. Anderson....---.-|----]--.- weeel X [ose e| ces) mime]. ae als oe oH oe ee eee eee
@onusiba yesh maSp eo: see eee eee eee ee eee Seal aime as = o)s > enfecic.a | a=.< pate betes et en re
@repidulaisp ae. oan ae ee eee ee |e Bee 4 Be Pees eee meee nose sese son [oo |---- Jones
Hicusipyriionmis;Gabb-2----=22-.-22--ce—= Rees eee ee ee be al eed eee eee ey i) cele
Neverita callosa Gabb..2 222-5 --- 5-226 5. sSecfeseslecce| XK [ekecloccte]oncels 25] eect ere ean aan ero x
Ocinebra topangensis Arnold........-.----- gen-|ees-|eses] OS oe = ~|2b-0|Seee ee KWeaes
Trochita filosa Gabb Le ol sestell enlaces 3 : Bea <a rege eee =) =
Mrochita: Sp. wwdetsete = --- sees eae ee Pee ee, |b nl ees ee eee eee |). 2 A). | x
Trophon (Forreria) bartoni n. sp See dlse Zolskec] Scam ee Sele oe eee ae BP hy Ge ed oe x
Trophon (Forreria) gabbianum F. M.
GETSON. == Feed 2 eos ages aes 55 trail ¢ eciall oetelc]s Se-cetoe eee eis ee eee) OS See ee x
Trophon (Forreria) gabbianum F. M. An-
derson var. cancelliarioides n. var....----| weed) se ealeast]esecle-- elds s|o-c oleese | oe *~
Turritella ocoyana Conrad .....--..- Bee 3 > a a, ie te Gl Gal > ll Ge en Prt ae.
MOVLOULY.A'SP.00is. C -a a on eee eee eet Bed e584 Beeler esos leone paee|a-=-|eooe)|5- 9 - =25--22- Sy a
CIRRIPEDIA.
IBSLANUSISD Se so see. heen een SSS Ree ese eer sec eal eee emelinssci|-=-%!--= <5. -- be ate
CRUSTACEA.
Branchiolambrus altus Rathbun: .-.22..-s)2.-\.. -|.- ae) -0- 4|o2 ale eealeee cleess esse Eee , Veena foes

4624. Turritella bed, or lower one of ‘‘reef beds,’’ in Garza Creek gorge through Reef Ridge, southwest
corner of SE. 4 sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 16 E.

4625. Sulphur Spring Canyon, in ‘‘reef beds,”’ in sec. 23, T. 22S., R. 15 E.

4627. ‘‘ Reef beds”’ just west of Big Tar Canyon, in north part of sec. 18, T. 23 S., R.16 E.
5 4628. Oil sand series, in west fork of canyon west of well 3 miles southwest of Coalinga, in sec. 12, T. 21
3., R. 14 E.

4629. Anticline Canyon, about 3 miles southwest of Coalinga, in roughly bedded gypsiferous sand over-
lying fossiliferous Chico, in center of sec. 2, T. 218., R. 14 E. .

4631. Turritella bed on east flank of high hill northeast of Oil City, in SE. } NE. 14sec. 16,T.19S., R. 15 E.
Bre Dereelle bed about 11 miles north-northeast of Coalinga, below Big Blue, on ridge in sec. 10,

~198., R. 15 E. ;

4634. Hill south of well about 3 miles southwest of Coalinga, in sec. 12, T. 21S., R. 14 E.

4635. Bed just below Big Blue 1} miles northeast of Oil City, near SE. + SE.4 sec. 16, T. 19 S., R.15 E.

4637. Six miles northwest of Coalinga, about 500 feet south of contact of Tejon and Miocene, in center of
NE. 1 sec. 2, T.208., R. 14 E.

4655. About 3% miles due west of Coalinga. From prominent sandstone bed about 100 feet stratigraph-
ically above contact of concretionary sandstone (Chico) beds with Vaqueros.

4667. ‘‘ Reef beds,” on Reef Ridge about 14 miles east of Jasper Canyon, one-half mile west of 2,710-foot
cee 54 miles south-southwest of Alcalde, in east central part of sec. 18, T. 22 S., R. 15 E., 125 feet above
retaceous. :

4764. Stone Canyon coal mine, Monterey County, Cal., 40 feet sireHeraphicely above the coal.

4770. AS! perio bed in Canoas Canyon, 14 miles southwest of Hugo Kreyenhagen’s NE. } SE. }
sec.'32, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.

4771. Pecten andersoni bed in Canoas Canyon, 200 feet stratigraphically above 4770.

4772. Scutclla merriami bed (“button beds’’) in Canoas Canyon, 600 feet stratigraphically above 4770.

4773. On Laval grade, 84 miles north of Coalinga, in ‘‘oyster bed”’ of variable sand, just above oil sand
at base of Vaqueros. ‘

4774. On hill just east of Laval grade, 84 miles north of Coalinga, in ‘‘ button bed” about 100 feet strati-
graphically above 4773; NW. } sec. 21, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.

4775. Garza Creek gorge in Reef Ridge, in hard sandstone ‘‘button bed”’ 225 feet stratigraphically above
4624, in southeast corner of sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 16 EF.

4777. Jasper Canyon through Reef Ridge, 14 miles southwest of fork of Jacalitos Creek, in hard sandstone
and conglomerate ‘‘reef beds.”’

1805. On Laval grade, 84 miles north of Coalinga, in “button bed’ 200+ feet above Eocene unconformity,
in SW. 4, sec. 21, T.19S., R. 15 E. (Practically same as 4774.)

4559. Wavonwheel Mountain, Devils Den District, Kern County, Cal., dark gypsum-bearing shale 50
feet stratigraphically below ‘“reef’’ or ‘‘button bed,” NW. } sec. 36, T. 25 S., R. 18 E

1560. Same locality as 4859, in hard sandstone ‘‘reef’’ or “‘ button bed.’’ ,
i861, Devils Den District, Kern County, Cal., in ‘‘reef beds,’ 4 mile south and southeast of Barton’s
cabin, which is in the NW. 4 see. 23, T. 258., R. 18 E.

To this list should be added the following species, among others,
collected by F. M. Anderson” from the Vaqueros in the Coalinga
district: Gasteropoda, Agasoma gravida Gabb, Crepidula prerupta

a Proce, California Acad, Sel., 8d ser., Geology, vol. 2, No. 2, 1905, pp: 171-172.

VAQUEROS FORMATION. 19
Conrad, Hemifusus wilkesana F. M. Anderson (may possibly be same
as Ocinebra topangensis Arnold).

Faunal relations and age.—Three distinct fossiliferous horizons
are recognizable in the Vaqueros section north of Coalinga. The
lower one is but a short distance above the base of the formation
and is represented entirely by Ostrea titan Conrad (locality 4773).
The middle horizon, that of the ‘‘reef beds,” is about 200 feet above
the base and is characterized by Pecten andersoni Arnold, - Arca
osmonti Dall, and Scutella merriami F. M. Anderson (localities 4774 and
4803). The upper horizon, which lies at the top of the Vaqueros and
just below the Big Blue sandy shale, is characterized by a unique
fauna, in which occur such forms as Agasoma santacruzana Arnold,
Cancellara vetusta Gabb, and Turritella ocoyana Conrad. The
fauna at locality 4631 is characteristic of the last horizon.

In the Coalinga district the correlation of the sandstone formation
of which the ‘“‘reef beds” are a part, with the Vaqueros formation of
the outer Coast Ranges, is based on the large number of species com-
mon to the two. At one point in particular on the northeastern
flank of the Temblor Range, near Antelope Valley, in sec. 36, T. 2658.,
R. 17 E., a few miles south of the south line of the district, the “‘ reef
beds”’ contain a typical Vaqueros fauna with such forms as Pecten
magnolia Conrad, Turritella imezana Conrad, Pecten bowersi Arnold,
and many other typical Vaqueros species. The region from which
this fauna comes is believed by the writer to mark an old lower
Miocene strait joining the water of the San Joaquin lower Miocene
sea with the lower Miocene sea which once covered much of the terri-
tory now occupied by the outer Coast Ranges.

F. M. Anderson® gave the name ‘‘Temblor beds” to the lower
Miocene in the northeast side of the Coast Ranges, from the Temblor
Ranch north to Coalinga, but has since?’ recognized the correlation
of these beds with those of the Vaqueros (lower Miocene) of the
outer Coast Ranges.

The Vaqueros fauna that is characterized particularly by Turritella
ocoyana Conrad is best developed in the San Joaquin Valley*® and
in the region of the Santa Monica? and Santa Ana ranges of south-
ern California. The Vaqueros fauna that is characterized by Turri-
tella inezana Conrad is best developed in the Santa Cruz,’ Santa
Lucia’ and Santa Ynez? mountains.

The assignment of a lower Miocene age to the Vaqueros formation
is based on the general similarity of certain members of its fauna to

a Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 170.

b Proc. California Acad. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 3, p. 39.

e Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 188, lists of Vaqueros fossils
from Kern River.

d Arnold, Ralph, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, pp. 525-526.

e Haehl, H. L., and Arnold, Ralph, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., vol. 43, 1904, p. 20; Arnold, Ralph, Proc,
U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, 1908, p. 350.

f/ Wamlin, Homer, Water-Supply Paper U.S. Geol. Survey No. 89, 1904, p. 14.

g Arnold, Ralph, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 50, pt. 4, p. 421.

20 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

species in the lower Miocene of the Atlantic States and on its rela-
tive position in the geologic column of the Pacific coast. This cor-
relation, first made by Conrad, has, so far as the writer is aware,
never been questioned.

SANTA MARGARITA (?) FORMATION (UPPER MIDDLE MIOCENE).

General description.—A zone of beds full of very large fossil oysters
and barnacles runs through the midst of the developed oil territory
in the Eastside Coalinga oil field and is well known to those familar
with the region. Its fossils show that it belongs in the same portion
of the geologic column as the Santa Margarita formation® in San
Luis Obispo County, nearer the coast. This formation belongs in the
upper part of the middle Miocene. No fossils have been found in the
beds immediately below or above the Tamiosoma zone (as the fossil
beds referred to may be termed from the typical occurrence in them
of the large barnacle of that genus); but these beds, for a thickness
of several hundred feet, are mapped in the same formation with the
fossil beds, because they are closely associated with them and to all
appearances form a part of the same succession.

The beds carrying Santa Margarita fossils are traceable only as far
south as the San Joaquin coalmine. Beyond that the beds are either
lacking or are unfossiliferous, so that it can not positively be stated
that they are the same. In aregion suchas this, where the beds are so
variable from place to place and the different formations are so similar,
the fossils furnish the only evidence of contemporaneity that holds good.
In the Kreyenhagen field, therefore, where the portion of the succes-
sion between the Vaqueros (lower Miocene) and Jacalitos (upper Mio-
cene), corresponding to the portion occupied by beds carrying Santa
Margarita fossils farther north, is made up of unfossiliferous, hard,
largely white, siliceous shales, it can not be stated definitely whether or
not these beds belong to the same formation. The break in the
geologic column between the Vaqueros (lower Miocene) and Jacalitos
(upper Miocene) is great, covering the whole of middle Miocene time,
and is represented only in its later part by the Tamiosoma zone and
associated beds. The Monterey formation (early middle Miocene) of
the region nearer the coast is lacking. It is possible that the beds
overlying the Vaqueros in the two parts of the Coalinga district
represent different divisions of the later part of the middle Miocene
period, that in the Kreyenhagen Hills being perhaps the younger.

The Santa Margarita(?) formation in the region 9 miles north of

Coalinga is about 900 feet thick, consisting of 300 feet of soft fine
sand and clay at the base called the Big Blue, above this 175 feet
of fossiliferous sand of varying consistency called the Tamiosoma zone,

and still farther up 400 or 500 feet of alternating beds of sand and

6Fairban if. W., Geol, Atlas U, 8., San Luis folio (No. 101), U. 8. Geol. Survey, 1904.

7
A SANTA MARGARITA FORMATION. 21

gravelly sand. In the region of Reef Ridge the Santa Margarita(?)
(believed to be a somewhat higher portion than that just described)
consists of 400 feet of fairly hard purplish shale at the base, 250 feet
of hard siliceous thinly bedded shale in the middle, and 400 feet of
brownish shale and intercalated sands at the top.

Fossils —The Santa Margarita(?) formation, from a point 8 or 9
miles north of Coalinga northwestward for a distance of at least 6 or
8 miles, is exceedingly fossiliferous, the principal species being the big
oyster Ostrea titan Conrad, the big barnacle-like Tamiosoma gregaria

Conrad, and the scallop shell Pecten estrellanus Conrad. The names
Tamiosoma zone and “big oyster beds’? have been locally applied
to these fossiliferous strata. Among the species found in this bed by
James H. Pierce, Robert Anderson, and the writer are the following,
which comprise the fauna for this formation in the district.

List of Santa Margarita (upper middle Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district.

Name. 4632. | 4651. | 4766. | 4805. | 4841. | 4842. | 4848,
ECHINODERMATA. | |
Astrodapsis whitneyi Rémond...... ................-...---|..----|------ Se oes ere peers ee
; PELECYPODA. | |
Bpingoeonraainnsl ih. Mi Anderson.-.....-...-=-.-2.-<t:----|------ esses Wier | Bey Pe) (ieee erie) Meee ts Pe
Bnypeeymovealisy: COUTAC. ~~~ 2... - 22222222. ------- ee tlee oe | eee Ras SES Oe i la Ay
Btn pGUMeMOsa GPay. =... =~ .----=--------22'---+20------- > Gea] Pease) Pare ied ees reat) py Ms Nye) Fae G2 te

SAMEERA RELY n=O) os... 2-2-2 = ----2-2-/2----- a4 XS eee eee) bee
ESN Ray) > ,4 > en eco ot ee, (eee ee Sa! ee
ead (Rr oo as ee ee Sa x ad | > ae |e Dy Sita| Beet
Eee AGGHINTse 22 oe Se no =|a---2|--~-2- SOLE ie Oe eee YA hen
Saree AUISCOUTAG. 2-22.22... -..----.<-----2------|------ x > anal Hees ais I> all gee

| pcp pec ee
GASTEROPODA. | |

| Trophon (Forreria) carisaensis F. M. Anderson......-......|...-..|.----- pal |S eel Pi ees Sa RE
CIRRIPEDIA,. |

} | |

} Tamiosoma gregaria Conrad....-..............---.--.------ x IN lige Sara) [et Se |ensee- poll Ne

4632. At and northwest of San Joaquin Valley coal mine near Miocene-Eocene contact.

4651. Tamiosoma zone or “‘ big oyster bed” in canyon between old Standard Oil Company and California
Oil fields Limited camps, sec. 28, T.19 S., R. 15 E., 8 miles north-northeast of Coalinga.

4766. Tamiosoma zone or “‘big oyster bed”’ above Big Blue, NE. } sec. 21, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., west of
Peerless Oil property, 9 miles north of Coalinga.

4805. Waltham Valley, 13 miles southwest of Coalinga; oyster bed 2 miles west of Elmer Frame’s house;
sandstone under shale.
ee Sandstone next to serpentine, at head of Bray and Secords canyon, 3 miles south of Waltham

alley.

4842. Sandstone at mouth of Bray and Secords Canyon, south side of Waltham Valley, 15 miles west of
Coalinga. This sandstone underlies the shale in this vicinity.

4848. Nine miles north-northeast of Coalinga, just above Tamiosoma zone or “‘ big oyster bed,’’ one-fourth
mile northwest of Peerless wells.

Faunal relations and age.—The fauna of these beds, though small,
is one of the most characteristic in the southern Coast Ranges.
The association and abundance of certain unique species, such as
Tamiosoma gregaria Conrad, Trophon (Forreria) carisaensis F. M.
jAnderson, and Pecten estrellanus Conrad, suggest correlation with
the Santa Margarita formation of the Salinas Valley and Carrizo
jPlain. The correlation of the siliceous shale in Reef Ridge with the
Santa Margarita is based upon the similar stratigraphic position of

22 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

these shales to beds on the west side of Waltham Valley, near the
mouth of Bray and Secords Canyon, which overlie sandstones at
locality 4842, containing the following Santa Margarita fauna:

Mytilus aff. mathewsonii Gabb. | Pecten estrellanus Conrad.

Ostrea titan Conrad. Tamiosoma gregaria Conrad.

Pecten crassicardo Conrad. Trophon (Forreria) carisaensis F. M. Ander-
son.

For a number of years the Santa Margarita formation was believed
to be the equivalent of the San Pablo formation of the Mount Diablo
region, but the stratigraphic work in the Coalinga district has shown
it to be older. It is quite evident that the Etchegoin formation rep-
resents at least a considerable part of the San Pablo, and as the
Etchegoin lies well above the beds containing the Santa Margarita
fossils it seems likely that the Santa Margarita formation is, in part,
of greater age than the San Pablo.

With the Etchegoin and Jacalitos formations classified as upper
Miocene it seems most logical to place the Santa Margarita in the upper
part of the middle Miocene, thus confining the Monterey to the
lower part of the middle Miocene. Such an arrangement would con-
sign the far-reaching post-Monterey diastrophic period to the middle
of the Miocene. This classification and correlation is of course more
or less arbitrary and necessarily tentative, but it seems to best fit the
information now in hand.

JACALITOS FORMATION (EARLY UPPER MIOCENE).

At most localities along the flanks of the Diablo and Temblor ranges |
south of the Coalinga district it is impossible to separate the post-Santa
Margarita(?) Tertiary formations, and to these beds—the equivalent
of the Jacalitos, Etchegoin, and possibly Tulare formations of the
Coalinga district—the name McKittrick formation” has been given
in the McKittrick district. This name was chosen because of the
importance of the beds in that district, the basal members yielding —
the petroleum found in the productive McKittrick field.

General description.—The formation overlying the Santa Marga-
rita(?) in the Kreyenhagen Hills, which consists of about 3,600 feet of
sand, gravel, clay, and sandstone, in places very fossiliferous, was
formed in earlier upper Miocene time. It has been named the
Jacalitos formation, owing to its characteristic exposures both north
and south of the creek of that name. Abundant and well-preserved |[
fossils, by means of which its age is determined, occur in the type |
locality. It is probably the equivalent of parts of one or more of >
the upper Miocene formations known in other parts of the State, but 7
its definite relations to these have not yet been worked out. It is in
part represented in the northern portion of the distriet by similar
beds aggregating a much smaller thickness. |

# Arnold, Ralph, and Johnson, 1. R., Preliminary report on the McKittrick-Sunset oil region, Cali- |
fornia: Bull, | ). Geol, Survey No. 406 (in press).

JACALITOS FORMATION. 23

In the field this formation does not stand out prominently as a
lithologic or stratigraphic unit and is not readily distinguishable by
itself. On the contrary, it forms merely a portion of the great thick-
ness of apparently conformable Tertiary beds that are exposed in the
great monocline, dipping at medium and high angles toward the
valley. The formation may be roughly distinguished as that portion
of the series between the shale of the Santa Margarita(?) below and
the major beds of blue sand that characterize the lower part of the
formation above it (the Etchegoin) throughout the district. The
Jacalitos, however, includes a great thickness of blue sand beds at
its summit in the southeastern part of the Kreyenhagen Hills. <A
feature of this formation is the occurrence in it at intervals of hard
zones that project like saw teeth and by their resistance protect the
beds immediately above and below them, thus forming long parallel
ridges. The same feature is in a greater measure characteristic of
the Vaqueros sandstone and Santa Margarita (?) formation below and
less so of the Etchegoin (uppermost Miocene) formation above.
Another feature of the Jacalitos is the great number of sand and
pebble beds, full of sea urchins, that are found in all parts of the
formation. This feature is likewise one belonging to the formation
above. The most important features, however, and the only ones
that can be relied on to separate the Jacalitos from the other sandy
formations, are its stratigraphic position and its fossils.

The Jacalitos in the Kreyenhagen Hills is probably unconformable
with the Santa Margarita (?) below, although the two formations appear
conformable at the contact, and the line between them is arbitrarily
drawn where the beds that are predominantly shale (Santa Margarita ?)
give place to beds that are sandy (Jacalitos). In the northern part
of the district the relation of these two formations appears also to
be one of conformity, although the overlap of the Jacalitos on the
Vaqueros near Oil Canyon indicates that it is the opposite. The
line there also is drawn arbitrarily at the base of the prominent
pebble zone full of fossil wood. The Jacalitos is likewise con-
formable to all appearances with the later Miocene (Etchegoin)
beds which rest above it and are largely similar to it in composition,
the line between these two formations being likewise drawn somewhat
arbitrarily, chiefly on the basis of the fossil contents. There is a
possibility that an unconformity between these two formations
exists in the hills surtounding Pleasant Valley.

From its locality of typical occurrence in the Kreyenhagen and
Jacalitos hills the Jacalitos formation extends southwestward into
McLure Valley, where it occupies a similar position between the under-
lying Santa Margarita (?) and the overlying Etchegoinsands. ‘Toward
the northwest it reaches into the interior of the Diablo Range through
the depression formed by the Waltham syncline and toward the
north it extends across Alealde Canyon into the region around Pleas-

24 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

ant Valley. North of Jacalitos Creek it no longer rests upon the shale
of the Santa Margarita (?), that formation being lacking, and the
Jacalitos ceases to be completely represented. The relations of the
beds of this age in the northern and southern portions of the district
are complex and can be deciphered only on the basis of detailed
paleontologic evidence. The formation will be considered separately
for the areas lying to the south and to the north of Waltham Creek.

Although the major part of the Jacalitos formation is known by
its fossils to be of marine origin, the evidence offered by the fossilized
wood and extinct horse teeth and bones found abundantly in certain
of the conglomeratic layers leads to the conclusion that at least some
of the beds are probably of terrestrial or fluviatile origin.

During the past summer H. R. Johnson and the writer discovered
a characteristic Jacalitos fauna in soft sandstones exposed in the
low hills in sec. 34, T. 31 S., R. 21 E., 1 mile south of White’s, at the
northwest end of the Elkhorn Plain, eastern San Luis Obispo County.
This region is about 75 miles southeast of the type locality, thus
showing that the Jacalitos has at least fairly widespread distribution.

Fossils.—Like the Etchegoin, which hes above it and with which it
is closely allied, the Jacalitos is fossiliferous in many localities in the
Coalinga district and vicinity, especially in the Waltham Valley, 13
miles southwest of Coalinga. In the upper part of the formation
the fossils are usually in a very good state of preservation; in the
lower part the original shell has usually been leached out and replaced
by other material and some of the fossils are simply casts.

The following species have been found in the Jacalitos formation
in the Coalinga district or in the Waltham Valley:

List of Jacalitos ssid Maeno LS a the Coalinga district.

si/gigigiagiayl/silsisl]s
Name. 8 /2/8/S/S/S |S lSlsl sia
(Pal (es: = = ~ = = = = ~ ~~

ECHINODERMATA. Fas
|

Astrodapsis jacalitosensis n. Sp... ....2..csecccecseeccaslenes es ee

Echinarachnius gibbsii Rémond .............-.....---- eee =| | eal X |. 22 2a eee x

i
PELECYPODA.

Atca trilinesta ‘Conrad... <2. idence eee ye ti wocel KM |e echt cll. cote ee
Cardium meekianum Gabb. 20.3.2 cicctnebeesers cca ceeealeeadlonccloe. olecce| Gamelan |. 0] foal
COPCIBIN OD. G25 - Sie nic snsn cs te Reena alee ieee eee sel | |...) coal eee en
Cardium sp. .. = 2b ana ea ee eaten dee A Ps > er
Chione securis Shumard 60 ened ned awl neers ae te aes Ol eee pe) (Spe > al BY Pe Me i
Chione DD IN GG senate sink n = <n av Coa ene ee eee ee PS eee | eS eee) ese |S)
( yptomy a OV alis ? Conrad... 50 do tities el eee ete eek [coke x Bera) ees a [= o0.0] Wu | o's-0'61| seme erie
nta harfordi? F.M, Anderson... . 22.02. .8c.cccclovc |eeslt nla |. caface ole weal ee uel eames amma
nta parill COnra sso iciee cube dere cee aoe le I res|c call eae |. ba Moet |. sm occa tee
INGOb. 2. «oop «cnn sek ben eete Renew bcs alae fee ule aie eae ee an Ree ey Ps Foo
! ina n Pacsce st ccdunnteope enn pany wae t's Heinseldeaa | cosolucsslessa Nye! eee ee ) es
p. indet : ae eS ee ey ee ee |...
Macoma secta Conrad te RP fe A ee en Pee ee ee |.
Macoma jacalitosana n. sp ryt eM Se oeg 5 ht | es es lnc abe 58 2 Pople
Macoma vanvlecki n. sp. ‘ Pererireerierrrifern mer rr h st levee
Mace oma sp. a a PT PS PP ete Be ee
Metis alta? Conrad. “1 1 valesealase {Seas Be
Metis sp paSUAS. Pabee e i ee ees es De foie tees,
Monia macroschisma Deshayes E “A Deans toni lt : Rah 6% 5 es ek? | fot eed Pets) Pes

Mulinia densata Conrad : reef el eee ee hip, F gales: /
Mytilus (Mytiloconcha) coalingensis n. OPaehs a beats wut la eds 2 lott ene Waaee ep ake
Ostrea atwoodi Gabb..... . . arenes scerescns{avcalanpalae cals cu cleeye|iean nnn RE Pee
Panopes generosa Gould....... o sh on 0 Vidal aan Le nes x eI SSale oc

JACALITOS FORMATION.

25

List of Jacalitos (upper Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district—Continued.
Slalja|l/sin| x 5) sir 5 5
Name. a healer epee | S| Se
| = = sa = =x ~ = x —s a =
PELECYPODA—Continued.
Panopea estrellana Conrad...............-------------- Sere Be Bee Soe BRS sess | ee aol sees
Paphia staleyi? Gabb (+ Tapes id.)........-....-.----- Br tie = ge. es See (ae eye heel epee eeceeee) CLs
PanotajACMHtOSENSIS N. SP... - 2. .-- 22-5222 - eee eee ee cee BE sae Bare ee pare sea Reed Beer eee
Pe tone co penter Bod. o58s ARES COR FOSaeI Rees wae alioawa| et lees 5 oa) eee re
empeMmesirOlantis CONTAC... .-- 2.2222 s02s cere cece snes TE Se See Sale Es oe a(t al eel bac
eGraMiCrassiCargo CONTAC... .......c22ce-- eee ween ee SAE). ll fp. il ae See SE sel ety meter
pein ela a0) (6 a ened Secale ssalinsee eae aa ee
Sama onnis MiUEtalll Conrad... ...-.---4----s----2-02-e5s Ree >.<4l hese ee WS ol Heal Ese
penizodesmea abscissa Gabb........:....-.--2-----6----- Reece eer Sas) ees eae eats SORE
Schizotheerus pajaroanus Conrad..........--.---------- Sacer || Sal eR Saree Barc Baclxcaniene | Seif
ANE ETT DE ee ws ol etal ade teers Rtas loos = etc (erste tes
MhraciajacalitosensisN. sp. --.....--.2-.2-.2+2-----0-- le ell [ae tae 8 a ee
oynelaeey Gla ECE] Bre Snel ets ened eae er eeesal eects ence] ener cae
GASTEROPODA.
Chrysodomus imperialis Dall......................----- R Acc peoe Bae
Chrysodomus portolaensis Arnold. . ahr rae
Crepidula princeps Conrad... . - -- saps ee
Lunatia lewisii? Gould.............-. By eee | Aa Fae ae Dele
RMnereTOUUSONUME S-e- 2. 52 --2--2-s-2-.-5-- esse Boenleaealtwacl> ae ees ee ee iecee lease
NU RLTDUN EES 21: (gas SO a Seal eer erie rere een sc ee s|2 rae
IN Od baer a Soe ee ead |e |e oe aes
LOPE MTS pS S66 ae ee re Boel ee Ae Se eR Ree ies ree
Miaaimemnnanis @MeCMMGZ. 2. 2.5. -..22.2-2ce.e eee Boe Seed bee Mere eee erste wae
Mhiaistkeniemanensis Wy Sp:.--..-.2.-.--.-s2----e2-s6-- rete (eee ee eee Eat
Trophon (Forreria) ponderosum Gabb......-....--.--. Pee SK x x x
CIRRIPEDIA.
IB AlAIISIS Dae ecleic d= oes = LoS UAS et RS Soe ceca SeasS506 Serer chal] Herat! (So = =| everal| Seats 2 peel ete | ener et | eee
Tamiosoma gregaria? Conrad .....-..........-.------+-- Sia (se ape era pene feel Ieee a pete aed (at 8
PISCES.
IMiSho) SWS DIS Sone 20 Oe eee ee a See Rotel nee Hese| eaeesliseid Saal leteliaacel bes dt de
MAMMALIA.
iPlutatdi Peo UlSet 2s (CLEA SRS Ee ee Se ae SC a
: 3s |
Name. Slee 13/5 1s1s. (arava ters
S/S/Si/S/S|S/SlF/sF/ Sis lz
ECHINODERMATA.
Aeiroaupsisyacalitosensis N. SP.:......---....02---|---- BSW CULE [eee | Meee aml wees
Echinarachnius gibbsii Rémond............--.....|.... er | oes SC lie Gale SCP e
PELECYPODA.
Arca trilineata Conrad........-.....-.- bee S aioe loaoee Neate epee ell ea oe
Cardium meekianum Gabb NB eal laeee lic fel en, el ee ees ull Gile kee
DNR BISIRSA ELSE SES Sco raicinia\wie ci cise celal bs soe cineseee|seee BIE eee rere ee 8 Ses See ges Pat | nd
CONSETT 02 G0 ne Soe aoe BES ers cea bers ese ema pos Sees Mee
TOTMONEMSG TIS UIA. 052 -ccceew ncccce se cniceccclesee < oes (Perel ane x
(Cijionesp.indete:. 2. eee 2 oe Cn eee Soc erl sate Ral ena aes ee ese nicl abel aan teen ery pee
CiMpPLouiy a OVENS! CODTAG 0... sn nec necceeceees|e.-- seats Scallifa sini] ad oc Seeie peers | erelore Secie
Diplodonta harfordi ? F. M. Anderson..............|...- Al <i Bees eee ae) ace tart
iMiplodonta parilis\Cohrad....-2..5..22---.-.-.2--.-|..-. Bede Ne
EMEP CL Rie eee n= te oie ion ae ace oe| <2 |s 2 < |= <=) --|s0a0| ooseleeeslers « ion
Thott: Dd: UGS ie) 1S 0 a ee ge ee eae ae | a] en) Gene mR eal Eee
aT ETRE RETIN GS ite ce x 30 o oyna win ure Wouters) «a,p2 lc oas|oce-|-s-«|os-[iecc|eancelececlle ces See
ERIM eer nee Sie oti’ ceca aoe e | aac |scc|eeueloceclececleane| sees lems - x
MacomaniacCaiitOsana TN. Sp 2.6.5.2. cceeec scene ces|enen a Laleca| uated leaaee nf ereteeel [oe ae 4
EMME AI VICC KL). SP). ai a.n' one clcwincewiceacccececs|ene- ig er |? Paes
stone fae, i A ee ae ee hel Reese eee |2 Ke lecae
UE TONE ACE a. <1. Scie -c.csinjaa cic eam aanccisnac ese ae ee apr all Pelee ale see
(ULSI ans i Se Ae Bee aces Bl eae) ian ciel eee ae © Breese
Monia macroschisma Deshayes..................... Pee le Spavel ae val eeiaa teas
Mulinia densata Conrad.....-........... 00... ese el eee \sapecl(o Ry athe anal
Mytilus (Mytiloconcha) coalingensis n. sp .......... Ser aoe Re el be Plead
BEE YOUAS CAD fon conn oe acmece newness ce caves Beall ate elltv =<" |c. a0 el Re eee I eats 5 See aa IR
enone Penerosa GOUIG.. 2. cee eee dec sc cece nee »< BE eos) Ue Bae |e SG tates
Panopea estrellana Conrad reap Queena ae FEES duhan eke eae ela Cae ies 2a
Paphia staleyi? Gabb (+ Tapes id.)............... APT eed age) Meee | | 0! ell aaa be bea le
epiia jacalitosensis Nn. Spii......--..c.ec--es-..---
Paphia aff. tenerrima Carpenter....................
Pecten estrellanus Conrad........
Pecten crassicardo Conrad...
Pecten oweni Arnold...........
MICOS ube, CONTAC Sc Sc wewcavecnecusccrce wauglevccleus

26 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

List of Jacalitos (upper Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district—Continued.

3 :
Name. B/S /B/S (Ss /F\s/SlSsislala
Sl|SI/SISRIS S/S (S/S) 1/518
PELECYPODA—Ccontinued.
Schizodesma abscissa Gabb........--.------------- Bee Pree Peed ber roc mes sericea lose) aos) ee |
Schizothzrus pajaroanus Conrad.........---.-.---- Bee ose eeee| Peee|eeee| een 2) ccc). 2 2) jose
Telling aragonia Dalle ie ee oaks Qe eee Rees eee eels ereeliseerlbeceies oo) 2 esol)
Phracia jacalitosensism."Spi--- scenes =e eee Behe Saeeieeed sealers) seedeacs) YC naa s ils
Zirpueca dentate (Gabbe. cose een nese ee esa ee a ame| =e e]=t = =|) 2M [a= aibe cle oll ere tee meee eater
GASTEROPODA.
Chrysodomus imperialis Dall.............--.------- Hp SalSaceleeo-\nss¢ Meee See ee caller |) < |se-n\- 20
Chrysodomus portolaensis Arnold.......-.--------- De selec! isl bea ate c|eewe lle oa] Xe meee eee eam
Grepidula:princeps/ Conrad: <s5...s52 se sees eee SConlenea Meeeleoae 2S 2(llocre alle tell xen eee a
ibunatia lewisil?"Goulds+- 2 5¢)-sa-c c= eepe ase ane Bee ene ere) eos Peay eee Mere ie Galler ilo ee ||
Margarita johnsoni n.sp ...-.---- SO oa OKHSoase S386 |lSbestodoo|eeee Bee) Bees aeeal serio Peli oo|) || .-
Melonpena’sp. 0.22.2 2562-2 = son es sneer eee eon c|ieestene | XX. 222] am lees | oe eee
Neverita recluziana Petit. 225252 ue seoece see ere oe | bere eee | ee ees BP ee fies ona. eect) fs ar--l en
Neverita Sp: cece e= secs) ohne e see ome aes BAN ere so asc ai aoe =|) eolbss a ee eee
Thais crispatus Chemnitz. - .-- SiS he ete ee sitar eee BEE Seco pore tace||soaeloa-|oa = Da ey ata et (Pe
Thais ketflemanensis n. sp ....--.-----<--- einaias eee See|eeealisecs||-secllooa)4ac-\|2 5-5 Me RA eee a eee
Trophon (Forreria) ponderosum Gabb..-....-.----- Ja celbrs shell Seely XG eae | eee | ene mee > Gel Smee oe ol ee
CIRRIPEDIA.
BAANUS' SP ens Je ves Se coos ee ee ee eee eee wie ll peerccel BE fe] Ke ea reret| Cee Sree | Oe Bes eee
Tamiosoma gregaria ? Conrad ............---------- esas cece oe ctee 22 | Gees | eee ee Tae
PISCES.
RASH VOrve Diet osc ocr ee cee eae ete cee ee ee wooed XK leccelee |e cea] tcce|Se - sl eee eel Seen
MAMMALIA. k
Pliohippus sp: @.-.2..-.-202 2 22oh dees dec eesce et a|szec|secc| secs bee al oenel eee | eee eee x

4636. Hill 4miles N. 85° W. of Coalinga, not far from contact with concretionary sandstone beds mapped
as Cretaceous (Chico); on west side of sec. 35, T. 20S., R. 14 E. Lower beds.

4638. Three hundred feet east of nose of 1,300-foot ridge, three-fourths mile southeast of Alealde; in center
of sec. 24, T. 21S., R. 14 E. Olive-gray gypsiferous sand overlying white snale bed, about 700 or 800 feet
stratigraphically below top of the Jacalitos formation as mapped. Upper beds.

4639. About 2 miles south of Alcalde on south side of 1,548-foot hill; in sand immediately above and below
white shale bed; in sec. 25, T. 21S., R. 14 E. Same horizon as 4638, upper beds.

4640. Near Commercial Petroleum well, 3 miles southwest of Coalinga. Upper beds.

4642. About 20 miles south of Coalinga, in Kreyenhagen Hills. Gray sand 500 feet southwest of top of
1,053-foot hill, four-fifths mile southwest of El Cerrito oil well; in NW.4SW. 4sece. 15, T. 23 S., R. 17 E.
Pecten estrellanus zone, or upper beds.

4644. Southeast base of 1,300-foot hill, on north side of Jacalitos Creek, just north of old adobe house two-
thirds mile above fork of Salt Creek, in center of south side of sec. 31, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. Upper beds.

4645. One mile west of Garza Creek on top of ridge north of Clark’s place, in NW.1{ NE.¢ sec.3, T.23S.,
R. 16 E.; ‘big Trophon zone,’ about 900 or 1,000 feet stratigraphically above shale of Santa Margarita (?)
formation. Lower beds.

; ea About 3 miles west of Coalinga, just north of Commercial Petroleum well No.1,in canyon. Upper
eas.

4647. On topof ridge hetween Salt Creek and Jacalitos Creek, about 5 miles south-southeast of Alcalde, at
elevation of 1,300 feet, on north line of sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 15 E., hard sandstone layer through pebbly olive-
gray sand. ‘* Pecten estrellanus zone”’ about 700 to 800 feet stratigraphically below summit of formation.
One of the typical Jacalitos localities. Upper beds.
ena a ee a ,308-foot ridge three-fourths mile southeast of Alcalde, SW. 4 NE. 4 see. 24, T. 21S.

. re Middie beds,

4650, Lowest fossil bed on west face of 1,900-foot hill southeast of Alealde. Middle beds.

4652, On point of ridge three-fourths mile south-southwest of Alcalde, one-fourth mile south of south bend
in road, SE. 4 sec. 23, T. 218., R.14E. Middle beds.

4053. Nearly 4 miles southwest of Coalinga, one-third mile south of Commercial Petroleum well at point
of hills on north side of Waltham Creek, just east of Anticline Canyon road, in very southwest corner of
sec. 7, T. 21 8.,R.15 E. Upper beds.

4054. On Jacalitos Creek, one-half mile above confluence with Jasper Canyon, on south side of sec. 1,
T. 228.,R.14 EE. Lower beds.

4745. On ridge south of Garza Creek, 1 mile southeast of Clark’s place, NE. + SW. } sec. 2, T. 23 S., R. 16
"5 “bie Trophon zone” about 800 feet stratigraphically above shale of the Santa Margarita (?) formation.

Lower beds

i745a. “ Big EeMnarachintug gibbsii zone”’ «bout 800 feet stratigraphically above 4745, in NW. 4 SE. t
sec, 2,7. 238., R. 16 BE. Middle beds.
47 “¢ Sixteen hundred feet stratigraphically above 4745 on ridge east of Garza Creek, NE. } sec. 2, T.238.,
t.16£k Upper bed

4747, Same locality as 4746, 150 feet stratigraphically higher. ‘‘Pecten estrellanus bed,’ or upper beds.

4705, Southwestof Coalinga district,on little ridge 200 yards north of StoneCan on- Waltham ‘reek road
where If crosses a little stream before reaching Waltham Valley from the west. Undifferentiated zone.

705, Bie Trophon zone” on JasperCreek just above fork of confluence with Jacalitos Creek,on west side
of center of SW. | sec. 6, 'T.22 8., R.15 EB. About 2,000 feet stratigraphically below summit of formation.
One of the typical Jacalitos localities. Lower beds.

107, On southeast side of Canoas Creek, three-cighths mile above Hugo Kreyenhagen’s house, in NW. +}
SW i ee, 27, T, 228. dk. 10 1. Pecten estrellanus zone, or upper beds. Abundance of beautifully pre-
BCTV CC pecimnens

47-4. On Jacalitos Creek, about 7 miles south of Coalinga; shaly sandstone a few hundred feet strati-
graphically above “big T'raphon zone”’ of 4765.

5015, Basal Jacalitos gravel bed, SI, } sec. 15, T. 19 8., R. 15 B., northeast of Octave oll wells.

JACALITOS FORMATION. 27

Faunal zones.—Three fairly easily distinguishable fossiliferous zones
occur in the Jacalitos. The lowest one of these, sometimes called
the ‘‘big Trophon zone,” is characterized by such forms as T’rophon
(Forreria) ponderosum Gabb, Macoma vanvlecki n. sp., Panopea
estrellana Conrad, Dosinia jacalitosana n. sp., and Astrodapsis jacali-
tosensis n.sp. The fauna of this zone is typically developed at locality
4765. The same zone is also represented at localities 4636, 4645,
4654, 4745, 4763, 4765, and 5015.

The middle zone has a less well characterized fauna but usually
yields very large specimens of Echinarachnius gibbsii Rémond, and
Panopea generosa Gould, and Schizothzrus pajaroanus Conrad. It
is represented by localities 4646 (?), 4649, 4650, 4652, 4653 (%), and
4745a.

The upper zone, or ‘‘Pecten estrellanus zone’’ as it is sometimes
referred to, is characterized by large specimens of Pecten estrellanus
Conrad, Pecten oweni Arnold, and large individuals of Echinarachnius
gibbsii Rémond. The species common to this zone are beautifully
preserved at locality 4767. The zone is also represented at localities
4638, 4639, 4640, 4642, 4644, 4646, 4647, 4653, 4746, 4747, and 4767.

Faunal relations and age.—The fauna of the Jacalitos formation not
only contains a considerable number of unique species, but the asso-
ciation in it of species known elsewhere in other formations is peculiar.

Species characteristic of or found more commonly in the Jacalitos,
in addition to the new species described from it in the present paper,
are OChione securis Shumard, Echinarachnius gibbsii Rémond, large
variety, Melongena sp. a, Schizodesma abscissa Gabb, Tellina aragonia
Dall, and Trophon (Forreria) ponderosum Gabb.

Species which are found in the Jacalitos and in the Santa Mar-
garita formation and which, it is believed, do not extend into the over-
lying Etchegoin, except possibly in rare instances, are Pecten estrellanus
Conrad, Pecten crassicardo Conrad, Tamiosoma gregaria? Conrad, and
Zirphxa dentata Gabb.

Species which are common to the Jacalitos and the overlying Etche-
goin but which are not found in the Santa Margarita are Arca tri-
lineata Conrad, Cardium meekianum Gabb, Cryptomya ovalis? Conrad,
Diplodonta harfordi F. M. Anderson, Diplodonta parilis Conrad,
Echinarachnius gibbsii Rémond, Chrysodomus portolaensis Arnold,
Macoma secta Conrad, Monia macroschisma Deshayes, Mytilus (Myti-
loconcha) coalingensis n. sp., Ostrea atwoodi Gabb, Pecten owenr
Arnold, Schizotherus pajaroanus Conrad, Paphia staleyi? Gabb, and
Paphia tenerrima Carpenter.

Thais kettlemanensis n. sp. should properly belong in the list of
those species unique to the Jacalitos, as it occurs in the Etchegoin
only at the type locality of the species (locality 4780, which is included
in the general locality 4779), on the axis of the Coalinga anticline
and in beds below the lowest fossiliferous Etchegoin horizon. It is,
however, abundant toward the base of the Jacalitos.

28 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

The Jacalitos may be defined as a formation embracing about 3,600
feet of sand, gravel, clay, and sandstone, lying between the Santa
Margarita (?) below and the Etchegoin above, and containing in its
fauna among others at least 15 species which are unique, 4 which
are common to it and the Santa Margarita but do not extend up into
the Etchegoin, and 15 which are common to it and to the Etchegoin
but are not found in the Santa Margarita. In age the Jacalitos is
believed to belong to the lower part of the upper Miocene. It has
a known range of about 75 miles along the Diablo and Temblor
ranges, from Coalinga to the Elkhorn plain. Whether it will be
possible to recognize the fauna outside of this area is not known;
for the present it seems advisable to use the name only in a local
way, and in the general geologic column to place it tentatively as
an equivalent for the upper part of the Santa Margarita and the
lower part of the San Pablo.

ETCHEGOIN FORMATION (UPPERMOST MIOCENE).

General description.—The Etchegoin formation is the succession of
slightly consolidated beds of sand, gravel, and clay occurring on
the summit and flanks of Anticline Ridge and on the southeast end
of Joaquin Ridge north of Coalinga, above the base of the hill-form-
ing sandstone beds (referred to for convenience as the Glycymeris
zone), and below the beds described as the Tulare formation.
Strata in other portions of the Coalinga district are referred to the
Etchegoin formation on the basis of paleontologic correlation with
the beds on Anticline Ridge.

The Glycymeris zone is an extremely fossiliferous bed of somewhat
indurated sand that forms the summit of the hill at the northwest
end of Anticline Ridge (in the NW. 1 SW. i sec. 34, T. 19S., R. 15 E.)
and extends continuously from pans point ‘plane ths line mapped 2 as
the base of the Etchegoin formation. It is underlain at the locality
referred to by clay that is classed in the Jacalitos formation and is
overlain by a thick succession of bluish-gray sand beds interbedded
with dark-gray sand. The zone affords almost perfect specimens of
many species of fossils that make up a distinctive fauna. It is
called the Glycymeris zone for ease of reference, because it is an
important datum line that may be recognized by the association of
fossils contained in it.

There are various reasons for assuming this zone to be the base of

the formation. First, an unconformity is known to occur below it

in the synclinal basin north of White Creek, for there a zone containing
the same fauna rests directly upon Cretaceous (Chico) sandstone;
and somewhere between Oil Canyon and the Cretaceous area an
overlap of the Glycymeris zone upon the underlying Cretaceous
beds must exist. It is therefore appropriate to consider the beds
above the base of the Glycymeris zone as a distinct formation,

TY

4 Bull. U. 8. Geol. Survey No. 357, 1908, Pl. I.

1 og

ETCHEGOIN FORMATION. 29

although on Anticline Ridge and in the greater portion of their extent
in the region north of Coalinga, as well as to the south es far as they
have been studied, they appear to rest conformably upon the beds
below. A further reason for assuming this zone as the base is that
it is at the bottom of a succession of bluish sand beds on Anticline
Ridge and at some other places in the Coalinga district, thus marking
a sharp and easily recognizable variation in lithology between the
beds below and above it. At other places, however, especially in the
southern portion of the Kreyenhagen Hills, the blue sands occur
also far below the Glycymeris zone, so that the lithologic feature
can not be relied upon everywhere as a basis of separation.

In the description of the Jacalitos (early upper Miocene) frequent
reference has been made to the overlying Etchegoin (late upper
Miocene). In fact, these formations are so closely related and so
similar that the one can not well be described without reference to
the other. In places they seem to have originated as a chronologic-
ally continuous succession of marine deposits and are only arbi-
trarily separable, whereas in other places an overlap of the latter
upon the Cretaceous has taken place. Many of the features of struc-
ture, influence on topography, and lithologic variability mentioned
in connection with the former exist also in the latter.

The Etchegoin formation consists of slightly consolidated sand,
clay, and gravel, interbedded with occasional indurated beds, and is
characterized by an abundance of invertebrate fossils, among which
a few forms, like sand dollars (Echinarachnius), barnacles (Balanus),
Mulima, Arca, Mya, small oysters, Neverita, etc., are particularly
prevalent. It reaches a thickness of over 3,500 feet in the southern
portion of the district, but in the northern portion it is at most only
half as thick. It may be most easily recognized by the dominant
grayish-blue color of the massive sand beds that comprise a thickness
of several hundred feet at its base, but an examination of its char-
acteristic fossils is the only means of distinguishing it accurately
from the associated formations.

One of the most important of its broad features in the Coalinga
district is the usual predominance of coarse material, such as sand
and pebbly deposits, in its lower portion, and of finer material, such
as extremely fine sand and clay, in its upper portion; but this feature
varies with the locality, and in some places is hardly noticeable.

Fossils —Fossils are more or less abundant and usually in an excel-
lent state of preservation throughout the Etchegoin formation in the
Coalinga district. Several recognizable horizons, each carrying a
more or less distinctive fauna, occur between the base and top of the
formation, but these faunas are so closely related and of such local
extent that they have not been deemed worthy of recognition in
the mapping of the formation. The following species have been
found by Robert Anderson and the writer in the district under
discussion:

SSL eeesesstesectsteetneses:ssseesenneeemeeeeeeeeeneetOOO sa

eles

wee le we

we ee eee wee ee ee te eee

z Galeria Peele

D B= eas bear on =

= Res oe eesee et ak repui “ds wanypat)
a oF i ae AN ti UE Ae ee ac ts :

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32

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ETCHEGOIN FORMATION. aa

_ 3849. Point where road from Coalinga to Stone Canyon crosses the Waltham Creek Shee
S ur of sandstone. _ Probably middle beds. : aes
. Upper tnia zone on main ridge of Kettleman Hills, 1 mile southeast of 1,370-foot hill, i 3
sec. 20, T. 22S., R.18 E. Lower middle beds. ; j eae
4648. Seventy-five feet below summit on south side of 1,375-foot hill just west of Mr. Orr’s house in Big
ar Canyon. In NE.i NW. {sec. 8, T. 23S., R.17 E. Basal beds.

4656. At northwest end of Anticline Ridge, 6 miles north-northeast of Coalinga, SW. 1 sec. 34, T. 19 S.,
-15 E. Lowest Etchegoin bed or Glycymeris zone, just below bed of 4657.

4657. At northwest end of Anticline Ridge, 6 miles north-northeast of Coalinga, bed just above 4656, near
south side of SW. 4 sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. Basal beds.

4658. Near northwest end of Anticline Ridge at southeast end of long 1,200-foot hill, in NE. } sec. 3, T.
PO S., R. 15 E., near base of Etchegoin. :
4659. At northwest end of Anticline Ridge on 1,200-foot hill, and for 1 mile northwest of that hill along
Glycymeris zone. Basal beds. See 4656.
4660. About 24 miles southwest of Coalinga, northeast of West Coalinga well. Glycymeris zone, or basal
peds. See locality 4674. :
4661. Eight miles north of Coalinga, in NW. }sec 29, T. 19 S., R.15 E. Glycymeris zone or basal beds.
4662. At north edge of Etchegoin area in White Creek basin, one-half mile east of road up White

eek and three-fourths mile southeast of Michigan well, center of NW. 4 sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 13 E.
Glycymeris zone, 100 feet above base of Etchegoin.

4663. At north edge of Etchegoin area in White Creek basin, on summit of ridge one-half mile west of
oad up White Creek and three-fourths mile southwest of Michigan well, about 1 mile northwest of 4662,
n basal sandstone of the Etchegoin.

4664. On north side of White Creek about 5 miles northwest of junction with Los Gatos Creek, in basal
tchegoin beds on south side of synclinal basin.

4665. On south side of White Creek about 6 miles northwest of junction with Los Gatos Creek. Basal

eds.

4669. At south end of Ketileman Hills, on summit of 540-foot hill in very southwest corner of map, in
enter of sec. 2, T.25S., R.19 E., and for 1 mileS.15° E. ofthat hill; probably about the lowest Etchegoin
peds exposed south of Avenal Gap.

4670. At southernmost end of Kettleman Hills, 5} miles south-southeast of Light’s housein Avenal Gap,
nm knob of vertical angle bench mark (elevation 505 feet), incenter of sec. 10, T.25S., R.19 E. Prominent
ped of yellowish limestone in uppermost portion of Etchegoin.

4671. On northeast flank of Anticline Ridge, about 64 miles northeast of Coalinga and about 2 miles
orth-northeast of bench mark 947 feet, several hundred feet above base of Etchegoin,in the lower middle

beds.
4672. South of Waltham Creek, 34 miles southwest of Coalinga, on northeast nose of 1,200-foot ridge four-
hs mile north-northwest of 1,900-foot hill, center of SE. } sec. 13, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. Basal beds.
4673. One mile southeast of Alcalde, at elevation of 1,600 feet on ridge west of 1,900-foot hill, center of
E. isec. 24, T. 21S., R.14 E. Basal beds.
4674. Halfway between West Coalinga and Commercial Petroleum wells, about 3 miles southwest of
oalinga. Glycymeriszone, or basal beds. See locality 4660.
4675. Two and one-half miles due west of Coalinga, at elevation of about 1,200 feet on road, north line of
ec. 1, T.21S., R.14 E. Lower middle beds.
4676. Six miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills, where old road crosses main ridge one-
alf mile east of 1,332-foot hill. Lower Mya zone, or lower middle beds.
4677. Ten miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills on northeast side of summit of 1,370-foot
ll, west side of NW. i sec. 20, T. 22S., R. 18 E. Lower Mya zone, or lower middle beds.
4678. On road north of locality 4676, one-half mile east-northeast of 1,332-foot hill. Lower middle beds.
4679. Area about 10 to 12 miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills; Mulinia beds on both
des of anticline, between 1,370-foot and 1,277-foot hills on main ridge and within 1 mile northeast of those
ills on opposite side of anticline. Lower middle beds.
4681. On east side of Kettleman Hills 3 miles northeast of Light’s place in Avenal Gap, on southwest side
if long, low ridge near axis of anticline; middle of west side of NE. 4 sec. 4, 7.24 S.,R.19 E. Upper (?)
Mulinia zone, or lower middle beds.
4682. One-third mile west of locality 4681, north-central part of NW. } sec. 4, T. 24S., R.19 E. Upper
Yulinia zone, or lower middle beds.
4683. South of Avenal Gap in Kettleman Hills; extremely fossiliferous sand on summit of 500-foot knob
t north of old house, 24 miles S. 45° E. of Light’s place, northern part of NW. } sec. 27, T. 24S., R. 19 E.
Jpper Mulinia zone, cr lower middle beds.
4684. South-central part of Kettleman Hills, about 5 miles northwest of Dudley-Lemoore road, in second
ain canyon 1} miles N. 45° E. of 1,030-foot hill, center of SW. } sec. 35, T. 22S., R.18. E. Lower Mulinia
one, about 3,000 feet below top of Etchegoin; lower middle or basal beds.
4688. On Anticline Ridge, southwest of Turner well No. 2, middle of S. sec. 2, T.20S., R.15 E. Several
ndred feet above base of Etchegoin in the lower middle beds.
4690. Two miles southwest of Coalinga, south of Lucile well, SW. } sec. 6. Lower middle beds,

88866—Bull. 396—09——3

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PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT,

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ETCHEGOIN FORMATION. 837

_South-central part of Kettleman Hills, about 9 miles northwest of Avenal Gap, 1,000 feet north-
of 1,030-foot hill, SW. + NE. } sec. 3, T. 23S., R. 18 E., 950 feet stratigraphically below summit of Etche-
_ About same as Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

5. East side of Kettleman Hills, south of Avenal Gap, from gravelly surface of ground, NE. 4 SE. i sec.
r. 248., R.19E. Lower middle beds.

About 2,000 feet east of main ridge of Kettleman Hills, 1 mile southeast of Light’s place, SW. 4
, Fs sec. 21, T. 24S., R. 19. E. In dark gypsiferous sand and clay about 750 feet stratigraphically below

Etchegoin; probably the equivalent of the Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

. Near south end of Kettleman Hills, along summit of ridge (elevation 592 feet) 4 miles S. about 20°
of Light’s piace in Avenal Gap, on west side of sec. 3, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. Prominent pebble bed 1,600
000 feet below summit of Etchegoin. Probably same horizon as 4695, in lower middle beds.

698. North of White Creek syncline, about three-fourths mile north of White Creek and 33 miles north-
st of junction with Los Gatos Creek, in center of sec. 23, T. 19 S., R. 13 E. Upper middle beds.

9. Eastern border of southernmost group of Kettleman Hills, in gray and blue sand on northeastern
aa ot in western part of sec. 26, T. 24S., R.19 E. About same horizon as 4695 and 4697, in lower
middie beds. ‘

_ 4700. Kettleman Hills. Float. Undifferentiated lower or middle beds.

- East side of Kettleman Hills, at base of upper Mya zone or uppermost beds on Dudley-Lemoore
road, in east-central part of sec. 17, T. 23 S., R. 19 E.

4702. South-central part of Kettleman Hills, on northwest side of 813-foot hill 44 miles northwest of
enal Gap, 400 feet east of main ridge where old road crosses, NW. 4 NW. 3 sec. 25, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.
AvP siferous sand and pebble bed about 900 feet stratigraphically below summit of Etchegoin. Probably
quivalent to Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4703. Central part of Kettleman Hills, 10 miles northwest of Avenal Gap, three-fourths mile N. 20° W.
of 1,030-foot hill, SW. } SW. } sec. 34, T. 22S., R.18 E. About 900 feet stratigraphically below summit of
btchegoin. Probably equivalent of Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4704. Central part of Kettleman Hills, 11 miles northwest of Avenal Gap, on south base of 1,145-foot
, in very southeast corner of sec. 28, T. 22S., R.18 E. Just above upper Mulinia zone, in lower middle

05. One-third mile south of bench mark 923 feet on Zapato Creek, from hard layers in sand forming a

ge that runs along 1 mile from there on south side of road to Canoas Creek, on west side of NW. 4 sec.

a “4 Fi R. 16 E. About 450 feet below summit of Etchegoin. Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper

e beds. —

06. Just across the gully east of the Call well, 7 miles north-northwest from Coalinga, in northwest

ner of sec. 32, T.19S., R. 15 E. Lower middle beds (?).

_ 4707. About one-fourth mile northeast of Hugo Kreyenhagen’s house between two roads that run east
from Canoas Creek, center of sec. 27, T. 22'S., R. 16 E. Sea-urchin bed immediately above upper Mulinia

, about 900 feet stratigraphically above base of Etchegoin, in lower middle beds.

708. On 1,245-foot hill 4 miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills, east side of sec. 32, T. 21

., R. 17 E. Arca bed in upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

709. Bast side of Kettleman Hills, on summit of ridge in center of SE..4 sec. 6, T. 22S., R.18 BE. Drab

d with hard sandstone layers, 750 to 800 feet stratigraphically below summit of Etchegoin. Pecten

ingaensis zone, or upper middle beds. :

_ 4710. Three-fourths mile northwest of Zapato Creek bench mark, 806 feet, on north side of ravine, west-

entral id of NE. } sec. 5, T. 22S., R.16 E. Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4711. West side of 1,245-foot hill, 4 miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills, central part of

¢ ae a 218., R.17 E. Oyster bed 50 feet above Arca bed of locality 4708; upper Mya zone, or upper-

st_beds.

712. East of Zapato Creek, one-half mile south of Adolph Kreyenhagen’s house, SW. } SE. } sec. 8, T.

-228.,R.16E. Variable pebbly sand, very fossiliferous. Pecten coalingaensis zone, cr upper middle beds.

4713. On top of 1,332-foot hill, 54 miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills, in south-central

art of sec. 3, T. 228., R.17 E. Sand dollar bed of drab sand overlying blue and gray sand of lower Mya

zone, both being in the lower middle beds.

__ 4714. Two miles southwest of Coalinga, at elevation of 900 feet near edge of Alcalde Hills, on ridge

_ descending east from prominent hill (elevation 1,410 feet). Just east of center of SW. 14sec. 6, T. 21S., R.

5 . Coarse sand and pebble conglomerate about 650 feet stratigraphically above base of Etchegoin.

ecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4715. South end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25S., R.19 E. Upper middle and uppermost Etchegoin

Pads.
_ 4716. Near northwest end of Kettleman Iills, 2 miles north-northwest of 1,245-foot hill, east of center
“ 2 sec. 20, T.218.,R.17 E. In sand just below flinty white shale bed that marks top of Etchegoin.
_ Just below 4740. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.
4717. Near northwest end of Kettleman Hills, 13 miles northwest of 1,244-foot hill, just east of old house,
northwest corner of sec. 29, T. 21S., R.17 E. Arca sand below white shale at top of Etchegoin. Upper
Mya zone, or uppermost beds.
| _ 4718. Main ridge of Kettleman Hills, 4 miles north of Dudley-Lemoore road, on summit of 1,020-foot
hill, east side of sec. 11, T. 23 S., R. 18 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.
4720. One mile due north of Light’s place in Avenal Gap on south side of hill (elevation 555 feet), in
ter of SW. i sec. 8, T. 24S., R.19 E. Very gypsiferous sand at base of upper Mya zone, or uppermost

beds.

4722. Three-fourths mile southeast of Adolph Kreyenhagen’s on Zapato Creek, northwest corner of sec.
16, T. 22S., R.16 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.
4723. South group of Kettleman Hills, on point of main ridge facing Avenal Gap one-half mile east-
outheast of Light’s place, south side of SE. } see. 17, T. 24.S., R. 19 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost

_ 4724. Main ridge of south group of Kettleman Hills, 1 mile south of Avenal Gap, NW. 4 SE. 4 sec. 20,
D. 248., R.19 &. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4725. Past side of Kettleman Hills, on 500-foot ridge at contact of Etchegoin and Tulare north of sharp
turn in ae more road, southwest corner of sec. 8, T. 23 S., R. 19 I. Upper Mya zone, or
ppermos (5

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PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DIST

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ETCHEGOIN FORMATION. 41

ee

4728. On northeast border of Kettleman Hills, on southwest flank of 900-foot hill just east of old road,
in north part of sec. 35,T.21S., R.17 E. Upper Mya zone at top of Etchegoin immediately underlying
Tulare fresh-water beds of 4731.

4729. At west foot of hill (elevation 1,174 feet), 14 miles east of Garza Creek, just north of road, southeast
corner of NE. } sec. 36, T. 22S., R. 16 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4730. Central part of Kettleman Hills, on summit of 1,030-foot hill on main ridge 93 miles northwest of
Light’s place in Avenal Gap, center of sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4736. Kast side of Kettleman Hills, east of Dudley-Lemoore road, NE. } SW. i sec. 17, T. 238., R. 19 B.
Upper Mya zone just below fresh-water bed (Tulare) of locality 4737, uppermost beds.

4741. In Kettleman Hills, 33 miles north of Dudley-Lemoore road on little hill (elevation 600+ feet),
northeast corner sec. 12, T. 23 S., R.18 E. In lower middle beds just above lower Mya zone.

4744. West of Canoas Creek, north of road leading to Zapato Creek, SW. 1 NW. 1 sec. 22, T. 22 S., R.
16 E. Upper Mya zone, uppermost beds.

oh On ridge east of Garza Creek, in NE. }sec. 1, T. 238., R.16 E. Lower Mulinia zone, basal beds
0 egoin. ;

4750. On ridge east of Garza Creek, about 1,200 feet stratigraphically above 4749, SW. 1 sec. 36, T. 22 S.,
R.16 E. Lower middle beds.

4751. On ridge east of Garza Creek and immediately west of road from Garza Creek to Big Tar Canyon,
NW. {sec. 36, T. 22S., R.16 E. About 1,000 feet stratigraphically above 4750, or in upper middle beds.

4752. On ridge east of Garza Creek and immediately northeast of road connecting Garza Creek and Big
Tar Canyon, NE. } sec. 36, T. 22S., R.16 E. Upper Mya zone, about 1,000 feet stratigraphically above
4751, uppermost beds. ‘

4753. On Waltham Creek 13 miles southwest of Coalinga, 200 yards north of Elmer Frame’s house. In

ay sandstone well up in Etchegoin formation, probably in middle beds.

4754. Waltham Creek} 13 miles southwest of Coalinga, three-fourths mile east of Elmer Frame’s place.
Gray sandstone 200 feet stratigraphically below 3849; also probably in middle beds.

4755. About 4 miles south of Coalinga in Jacalitos Hills, SW. 4sec. 21, T.21S.,R.15E. Undifferentiated
lower or middle beds.

4756. Vicinity of Henry Spring, 4 miles south-southwest of Coalinga, on east side of 1,900-foot hill, SW. 4
sec. 18, T. 21S., R.15 E. Lower middle or basal beds.

4757. Same locality, but 150 feet stratigraphically above 4756. Lower middle or basal beds.

4758. Same locality, but 490 feet stratigraphicaily above 4756. Upper middle beds.

4759. Same locality, but 500 to 900 feet stratigraphically above 4756. Upper middle beds.

4760. On old road crossing north end of Kettleman Hills, three-fourths mile northeast of 1,332-foot hill,
SE. 4 NW. }sec. 2, T. 22S., R.17 E. In lower middle beds, 1,900 feet stratigraphically below summit of
Etchegoin, about equivalent of lower Mya zone. :

4761. On ridge one-half mile south of junction of Jacalitos and Salt creeks, southeast corner of sec. 31,
T.218.,R.15 E. Cardium bed at base of Etchegoin, about equivalent of Glycymeris zone, basal beds.

4762. Southwest of Coalinga district, in Waltham Valley three-fourths mile east of Elmer Frame’s
house. Arca and Mactra bed, probably basal beds.

4763. Southwest of Coalinga district, on Stone Canyon-Waltham Creek road just west of Waltham

Valley. Probably middle beds.

4769. On east side of Canoas Creek, just south of Hugo Kreyenhagen’s home, northwest corner of SW. 4
sec. 27, T. 22S., R.16 E. Lower Mulinia zone, at contact between Etchegoin and Jacalitos.

4778. About three-fourths mile east of Adolph Kreyenhagen’s house on Zapato Creek, west side of sec. 9,
T. 2258., R.16 E. Small Ostrea bed, about 100 feet stratigraphically below Mya bed at top of Etchegoin
formation in upper Mya zone.

4780. One-fourth mile west of locality 4778. Arca bed about 350 feet below summit of Etchegoin, in
uppermost beds. f

4781. Arcas from north-central part of Kettleman Hills. Basal Mulinia beds.

4782. On southwest flank of high hill (elevation 1,458 feet) east of lower part of Canoas Creek, at elevation
of 1,200 feet, SW. 4 SW. 4 sec. 23, T. 22S., R.16 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4783. On the southeast bank of Canoas Creek, three-fourths mile below H. Kreyenhagen’s, 16 miles
southeast of Coalinga, northeast corner SW. } sec. 22, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.; 125 feet stratigraphically below

top of Etchegoin formation, in EDDSEMOSE beds.
_ 4799. Coalinga district. Exact locality unknown.

4806. Two miles southeast of Coalinga, on north side of Alealde Canyon, center of SW. } sec. 7, T. 21 S.,
R.15 E. Glycymeris zone, near base of Etchegoin.

4857. Extreme southeast end of Kettleman Hills, in secs. 11, 12, T. 25 S., R.19 E. Pecten oweni bed,
probably lowest Etchegoin.

49 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Faunal zones.—The lowest fossiliferous bed in the Etchegoin is in
a zone in which Glycymeris coalingensis n. sp. and G. septentrionahs
Middendorf are exceedingly abundant; this zone is called the Glycy-
meris zone; above this are beds in which Mulinia densata Conrad is
very abundant; this is the Mulinia zone; still higher in certain parts
of the field Echinarachnius gibbsii Rémond is very common, but other
fossils rare, and this is sometimes called the Echinarachnius zone.
A few hundred feet below the top of the Etchegoin is an exceedingly
fossiliferous horizon in which Pecten coalingaensis Arnold is a common
species, and this is called the Pecten coalingaensis zone; above it and
practically at the top of the Etchegoin is the upper Mya zone,
characterized by numerous Mya japonica Jay. In the Kettleman
Hills is another horizon, between the Mulinia and Pecten coalingaensis
zones, in which Mya japonica is practically the only fossil; this horizon.
is called the lower Mya zone.

The Glycymeris zone, or zone of the basal beds, is characterized by
the two species of this genus previously mentioned and by Diplodonta
harfordi F. M. Anderson, D. parilis Conrad, Cardium meekianum
Gabb, and Pecten oweni Arnold. Locality 4806 is typical of this zone.
Localities representative of this zone are 4648, 4656, 4657, 4658, 4659,
4660, 4661, 4662, 4663, 4664, 4665, 4669, 4672, 4673, 4674, 4684,
4749, 4756, 4757, 4761, 4762, 4769, 4781, 4806, and 4857.

The Mulinia zone, or zone of the lower middle beds, contains
numerous Mulinia densata Conrad, Ostrea atwoodi Gabb, and Arca
trilineata Conrad. It is represented by localities 4643, 4671, 4675,
4676, 4677, 4678, 4679, 4681, 4682, 4683, 4688, 4690 (2), 4695, 4697,
4699, 4704, 4706 (?), 4707, 4713, 4741, 4750, and 4760.

The Pecten coalingaensis zone, or zone of the upper middle beds, is
characterized by Pecten coalingaensis Arnold, P. wattst Arnold and its
variety etchegoini F. M. Anderson, Terebratalia smithi Arnold, and
Ostrea vespertina Conrad. Locality 4712 yields a fauna typical of
this horizon. It is also represented at localities 4693, 4696, 4698,
4702, 4703, 4705, 4709, 4710, 4712, 4714, 4715, 4751, 4758, and 4759.

The upper Mya zone, or zone of the uppermost Etchegoin beds,
carries Mya japonica Jay, Littorina mariana n. sp., and its variety
alta n. var., Trochita filosa Gabb, and Solen sicarius Gould. Just
above the upper Mya zone is usually found a bed in which are numer-
ous Ostrea vespertina Conrad var. sequens n. var. This zone is repre-
sented at localities 4670, 4701, 4708, 4711, 4716, 4717, 4718, 4720,

722, 4723, 4724, 4725, 4728, 4729, 4730, 4736, 4744, 4752, 4778,
1780, 4782, and 4783.

Localities 3849, 4
ferentiated.

Conditions of deposition.—A study of the faunas of the various
zones of the Ktchegoin leads to some interesting conclusions concern-

: , ETCHEGOIN FORMATION. 43
ing the physical conditions which surrounded the deposition of the
strata at various times throughout the Etchegoin epoch, and also to
some important correlations, not only with formations in other
parts of the Coast Ranges but with horizons of the Tertiary of the
Eastern States.

The abundance of Arca in the Glycymeris and Mulinia zones leads
to the conclusion that the water in which the lower part of the Etche-
goin was laid down was somewhat warmer than that now prevalent
on the Pacific coast at the latitude of Coalinga.

Following the deposition of the two lower zones came a period in
which estuarine conditions prevailed over at least a part of the
Coalinga shore line, for in the Kettleman Hills is a bed in which is to
be found large numbers of Mya japonica Jay, a noted cold-water
species preferring mud flats. This Mya bed in turn is followed by
strata containing a fauna having many characteristics In common
with the fauna of the Gulf of California, a province that has been
subject to tropical conditions at least since the beginning of Miocene
time. It is therefore reasonable to suppose that a subsidence and
change of conditions to those favoring the immigration of warmer
water species took place some time after the deposition of the middle
Etchegoin. These conditions were suddenly altered near the close
of the Etchegoin epoch, as is indicated by the fauna of the upper
Mya zone, which contains Mya japonica Jay, Macoma inquinata
Deshayes, and Littorina mariana n. sp. (closely allied to the northern
. grandis Midd.), species supposed to have been best suited to cold
nd possibly estuarine conditions. It is a noteworthy fact in con-
ection with this late Etchegoin cold-water invasion that it extermi-
ated most of the species found in the subjacent beds, at least for
he local Coalinga province, and that the only important species of
he preceding fauna, Ostrea vespertina Conrad, which persisted into
he last part of the Etchegoin, was so adversely influenced by the new
onditions that it became a dwarf of its former self and took up new
haracteristics of at least varietal importance. The uppermost
tchegoin representative of the beautiful well-developed Ostrea ves-
ertina is the dwarfed, thin variety sequens.

Other evidence showing the varying conditions which prevailed
uring the latter half of the Etchegoin is to be found in the occurrence
ithin the formation of curious bulbous growths of fishes, such as are
ater mentioned as occurring associated with the fresh-water fossils
the basal Tulare. The lowest horizon at which they were found
at locality 4697, which is 1,600 to 2,000 feet below the summit
f the formation. These growths occur alone, with marine fossils, or
iwith fresh-water fossils. At one horizon, about 900 below the summit
bf the Etchegoin, along the eastern foot of the main ridge in the
outhern portion of the Kettleman Hills, abundant specimens of

44 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Goniobasis, a fresh-water (?) genus, were found in gypsiferous beds’
associated with the curious fish bones. This horizon is represented
by locality 4696, and is about equivalent to that of Pecten coalingaensis.
These bones and shells indicate that a close connection existed between
salt-water areas and nearly if not entirely fresh-water areas during
much of the Etchegoin period, and that especially in the later portion
of the period conditions were on the verge of becoming such as
existed during early Tulare time. The great thickness of inky-blue
fine clay in the upper portion of the Etchegoin of the Kettleman
Hills below the sands of the upper Mya zone is believed to have
originated as fine delta deposits, possibly subaerially and above the
reach of the tide. |

The presence of enormous quantities of Echinarachnius, accom-
panied by no other forms of fossils, in some of the middle or upper
middle Etchegoin sands, and somewhat similar deposits in the upper
Jacalitos, indicate that at various periods throughout the upper
Miocene extensive, shallow sand flats prevailed along the edge of the
San Joaquin sea.

Correlation.—F. M. Anderson * correlates the lower portion of
the Etchegoin with the typical San Pablo beds of the Mount Diablo
province, and this correlation agrees in general with that made by
the writer. To be more exact it is believed that the upper Jacalitos
and lower Etchegoin are probably the equivalent of the typical San
Pablo and that the upper Etchegoin is possibly younger than the
latest San Pablo, and agrees in age more nearly with the lower part
of the fossiliferous Purisima beds on the southwestern flanks of the
Santa Cruz Mountains.?

The resemblance of the fauna of the upper Etchegoin to the fauna
of the latest marine formation in the Carrizo Creek district of eastern
San Diego County and to similar beds at Santa Rosalia and other
points in lower California, has led the writer to correlate it with
these latter, and on the basis of this correlation to suppose that the
upper Miocene sea occupied the upper end of the Gulf of California
depression. Thislast correlation agrees with that of Gabb and Cooper,
who considered the beds at Carrizo Creek to be Pliocene (some of
their Pliocene is now recognized as upper Miocene by the writer).
The number of species common to the two faunas is not large but
the abundance of the individuals and the uniqueness of the forms
compensate for this. Among the forms common to the two faunas
are Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Pecten deserti Conrad, and Neverita
recluziana Petit.

The similarity between Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Mytilus ( Mytilo-
concha) coalingensis n. sp., and Pecten deserti Conrad of the Etche-

4 Proc, California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 180.
» Arnold, Ralph, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, 1908, p. 353.

ETCHEGOIN FORMATION. 45

goin fauna and Ostrea sculpturata Conrad, Mytilus (Mytiloconcha)
incurvus Conrad, Pecten gibbus Linneus var. concentricus Say of the

Miocene and Pliocene of the Atlantic States, pots strongly to a
direct connection between the Atlantic and Pacific provinces during
the Miocene. If such a connection existed it was possibly through
southern Arizona and New Mexico and thence along the course of
the Rio Grande to the Gulf of Mexico, although it might have been
farther south.

Age.—The age of the Etchegoin in terms of the standard time scale
is now, and probably will for some time to come, be a question on
which opinions differ. KF. M. Anderson and the writer agree on the
general correlation of the San Pablo and Etchegoin; about this
there can be very little doubt. But when it comes to assigning the
San Pablo and Etchegoin to the Pliocene, the writer differs with
Anderson ¢ and also with Weaver.”

According to the list given in this paper the Etchegoin is represented
by 84 recognizable species. Of these, 55 species or varieties (65 per
cent) are extinct, while but 29 species (35 per cent) are still living
in the Pacific Ocean. According to Lyell’s classification this would
place the formation decidedly in the Miocene. Furthermore, of the
fauna of 18 recognizable species at locality 4712, a fauna typical of
the upper part of the Etchegoin, 16 species and varieties (89 per
ent) are extinct and only 2 species (11 per cent) are now living.

In addition to the line of evidence presented above, which at best
s largely dependent on the personal interpretation of the meaning
lof species, there is the evidence of the position of the Etchegoin in
he geologic series of California. An examination of its fauna
indicates that its upper portion is equivalent to the lowest Purisima
fof the western side of the Santa Cruz Mountains, and there is no
fquestion but that in places at least 4,000 or 5,000 feet® of strata
separate this lower Purisima fauna from the lower Merced fauna
land that between 3,000 and 5,000 feet of Merced (both Pliocene and
Wleistocene) overlie the lower Merced fauna. Therefore it is evident
Kthat:since the deposition of the Etchegoin enough time has elapsed

Walifornia coast. Taking 25,000 feet as a conservative estimate of
ithe total maximum thickness of the Tertiary on the west coast, this
#7,000 to 10,000 feet of strata above the Etchegoin would place the
hop of the Etchegoin at jeast a third of the way down toward the
base of the Tertiary. Arguing along this line it seems to the writer

- > Bull. Dept. Geology, Univ. California, vol. 5, p. 269.
¢See Santa Cruz folio (No. 163), Geol. Atlas U. S., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1909.

46 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

TULARE FORMATION (PLIOCENE-LOWER PLEISTOCENE).

General description —The Etchegoin in the Coalinga district is
overlain along the border of the San Joaquin Valley by a thick succes-
sion of beds of gravel, sand, clay, sandstone, conglomerate, and some
limestone, which forms the uppermost member of the upturned
formations exposed in the monocline on the eastern flank of the
Diablo Range. It differs materially from the formations so far
described in that its origin is doubtful, being in part fresh water, in
part marine, and in large part probably of subaerial origin. In the
Kettleman Hills, where these beds are best exposed, the basal sand,
which appears to lie conformably upon the marine bed at the top of
the Etchegoin, contains many fresh-water fossils. The beds above)
this have a thickness of several thousand feet, and as far as observed
are unfossiliferous except at one horizon near the summit, at which
a few marine fossils have been found. Along the foothills of the
Diablo Range in the Coalinga district the basal fresh-water beds
have not been recognized and may be lacking. Gravel and sand
beds belonging to the same succession overlie the Etchegoin with
local appearances of unconformity.

The whole series of tilted beds overlying the Etchegoin is referred
to as one formation, the Tulare, for the reason that it appears to
be continuous and can not be consistently subdivided in different
regions. It was formed without doubt under varying conditions of
deposition, but it may or may not represent a continuous period.|
It began to be formed in some portion (probably the earlier portion) }
of the Pliocene epoch, and probably represents a continuation off
deposition well into the Pleistocene. Its summit may be considered
as the highest bed markedly affected by the great uplift that took
place early in Pleistocene time throughout the Coast Range region,
and as unconformably overlain by the more recent horizontal terrace}
deposits and alluvium. |

The highest part of the formation exposed is near the edge olf
Kettleman Plain in the south-central part of the Kettleman Hills
but the summit of the formation as above defined is not exposed f
though it is probable that the edge of the Kettleman Hills marks the}
approximate summit of the tilted beds. The maximum thickness
of the Tulare at this locality is a little over 3,000 feet. The
formation may be recognized most easily by the fresh-water fossil
and strange bone beds at its base, by its position overlying all the
other formations and bordering the valley, and by the prevalence ir}
it of prominent beds of bowlder gravel, which is much coarser anc
more abundant than in any of the other Tertiary formations. Other
wise this formation resembles some of the others closely, and it iif
frequently difficult to differentiate them.

This formation was first described by F. M. Anderson,” the sectior:
in the Kettleman Ilills being his type. Lists of fossils aeecompaniech

a Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, 1902, p. 181.

TULARE FORMATION. 47

his original description. In Bulletin 357 of the United States Geo-
logical Survey the beds now called Tulare were correlated with Fair-
banks’s Paso Robles formation.? Late work by Robert Anderson
has shown the Paso Robles to be composed in part of various marine
strata extending from the upper Miocene upward. F.M. Anderson’s
later name, Tulare, is therefore adopted for the formation to which
it was originally given.

Fossils —The only important fossiliferous zone in the Tulare
lies near its base and is called the Anodonta zone because of the
abundance in it of fresh-water mussels of this genus. Commonly
there is but one fossil bed in the zone, but toward the south-central
part of the Kettleman Hills, two, and locally three, beds carrying
fresh-water shells are found. The following species have been found
in the Tulare formation in the Coalinga district by Robert Ander-
son and the writer:

Inst of Tulare (Pliocene-lower Pleistocene) fossils from the Coalinga district.

EES [ee a ed tl Se eal Sl eS eee

Name Fer SS WPS ea Wasa) fre PT |S Masel

~~ =x ~ ~~ a + is ~~ ~~

PELECYPODA.
rodents kettlemanensis n. Sp-..................-.---------|---- 1 3e 1X x Sus (a eee Lay.
Gonidea coalingensis n. sp.,and var. cooperi n. var......._-- [epee eS tee | eee a ee He pa ees ba aed fe SS
MremntIM MO AeMGRtCr....-.-..----- 2 ---- ose tee-- eccseeee eee eee s|(seae fesse Eten) Rist ieee ex
ERR BPD Cu G0 hs Sere (a Yen Gal sere see Renee) [Seas [Bie
Sener keitlemanensis 1. Sp--.........--.---.--.--------|---- Eee iar 28 easy Pece bsss Mace een [oe oa insce
s | ' |
GASTEROPODA. ae | teal

Semnniiinatidersonin. sp..--....-........-----.--.-----. -.|.---|.... ee a feces bes Ue ey pc ee
2 Ss pS cei EE Se lin o-e] i Sac)2 Se Se ele oaaloeee
ET SP GOS is eS eae (een > Ae) a pee Aes (St ee
Mmomopasis Kettlomanensis nN. Sp.....-.--.-.-....----.--.-.-- DN eis eer Pease bay (se 2) (ERs cl bi ph
a AE 2 IS LS SS ES ee eee eee a De pa (PS (er lb ee ee Ee lee

RETITLED ne ns = 5a acid wane wee 2 =| b= | ooo -| ence] oe ado esfe tes oes cfeceis[aocs x
EMEHRISAGOING 6 o-oo eee eae ane |sos-|secafe--- Sed eee et | ead Pe be Zl ee
MDE MITORITS Shen 2 oe = tae oe = ele eee se een ee] see] an sown Sofie lee elt SORE te ee Aloe ote
ious Fe: SELES CL 9 M0) Sl (SAE aml OI ot Pes ea | ee =) lee el Tee

PISCES.
SEED TUL Se ee (ea pd bres (Te ONE es MLS ps

EOE Oe eas one iain n= 8 2 [oh ates hte Sees pete siemens Fase S oe x

aSan Luis folio (No. 101), Geol. Atlas U. S., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1904.

4715. South end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25S., R. 19 E.

4721. Northeast border of Kettleman Hills, 4 miles west of Tulare Lake, on summit of 758-foot hill, NE. 4
sec. 15, T.22S.,R.18 E. Fresh-water zone at base of Tulare.

4731. Northeast border of Kettleman Hills, near northwest end, ontop of hill (elevation 905 feet) just
east of old road and cabin, NW. } NE. } sec. 35, T. 21 S., R.17 E. Fresh-water zone just above oyster
bed of locality 4728.

4732. About 2 miles from northwest end of Kettleman Hills, on south side of main ridge 14 miles north-

_west of 1,245-foot hill, SW. 4 NE. 4 sec. 30, T.21S., R.17 E. Fresh-water zone at base of Tulare.

4735. Central part of Kettleman Hills, on southwest side, 1 mile southwest of 1,370-foot hill and one-
third mile northwest of oil derrick, in center of south line of SW. } see. 19, T. 22S., R. 18 E. Fresh-water
zone at base of Tulare.

4737. East side of Kettleman Hills, east of Dudley-Lemoore road, NE. } SW. } sec. 17, T. 23 S., R. 19 E.
Fresh-water zone overlying upper Etchegoin bed of locality 4736.

4738. In Kreyenhagen Hills, 20 miles southeast of Coalinga, one-fourth mile east of bench mark 872 feet,
just south of El Cerrito well, SE.} NW. }4sec.14, T. 23 S.,R.17 E. Inwhiteshale zone at base of Tulare
as mapped.

4739. Same general locality as 4738, on point of 900-foot hill, nearly 1 mile northwest of bench mark 872
feet, SE. 4 sec. 10, T.23S., R.17 E. At contact of Etchegoin and Tulare.

_ 4740. Near northwest end of Kettleman Hills, 2 miles north-northwest of 1,245-foot hill, east of center
of SW. i sec. 20, T. 21S., R.17 E. Fresh-water zone just above Etchegoin oyster beds and white shale
of locality 4716.

4743. On west side of Kettleman Hills, along Dudley-Lemoore road, in steeply dipping beds of pebbly
sand exposed in bed of arroyo, 1,000 feet up gully from edge of plain, north part of SW. } see. 35, T. 23 S.,
R.18E. About 2,500 feet above fresh-water zone at base of formation.

48 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA,

The marine and fresh-water fossils at locality 4715, in the southern
part of the Kettleman Hills, are more or less mixed, owing to their
scattered occurrence over the surface of the eroded upturned beds, —
and it is uncertain whether the marine forms Echinarachnius and —
Paphia, listed from this locality, originally occurred with the fresh-_
water Amnicola, Goniobasis, and Planorbis.

Faunal relations and age.—A comparison of the above list with the —
list of species from the same locality prepared by Dr. J. G. Cooper?
shows a marked discrepancy between the two. This is caused by the
different identifications of Doctor Cooper and the writer. Cooper
identified the Kettleman Hill species, with the exception of two
forms, as species now living, while the writer, after a careful com-
parison of the fossils with the series of recent fresh-water mollusks in —
the United States National Museum, concluded that with three
exceptions the fossils were new, although in most cases allied to recent
forms. A comparison of the two lists discloses the following relations:

Cooper’s identification. Arnold’s identification.
Anodonta decurtata Conrad........-.-..- Anodonta kettlemanensis n. sp.
Anodonta nuttalliana Lea. ..........-- Probably same as above.
Amnicola turbiniformis Tryon.........- Amnicola andersoni n. sp.
Carinifex newberryi Lea. ..:.....--.-- Carinifex marshalli n. sp.
Goniobasis occata Hinds.........--.--- Goniobasis kettlemanensis n. sp.

Goniobasis nigrina? Lea.
Margaritana subangulata Cooper .....-- Gonidea coalingensis n. sp.
Gonidea coalingensis var. cooperi n. var.
Physa costata Newcomb........-...-..-- Physa wattsi n. sp.
Physa humerosa Gould.
Planorbis tumens Carpenter. ......-.--- Planorbis vanvlecki n. sp.
Spherium dentatum Haldeman. ...... Sphzerium cooperi n. sp.

Spherium kettlemanensis n. sp.

This fauna, as interpreted by the writer, indicates that the basal
Tulare in the Coalinga district is possibly older than the lowest
known fossiliferous beds in the Santa Clara formation of the Santa
Cruz region, and certainly very much older than the fresh-water
fossils from the Colorado Desert of southern California. In fact, the
basal Tulare is believed to be the fresh-water equivalent of the
San Diego formation and lower Pliocene in age. About 2,500 feet
above the base of the Tulare, Ostrea lurida Carpenter, a species
so far known outside of this district only from Pleistocene and
recent faunas, has been found. This fact is interpreted as indi-
cating recurrence of marine or estuarine conditions during upper
Tulare time and the extension of the Tulare into the Pleistocene.

4 Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4, May 26, 1894, p. 167; Bull. California State Min. Bureau,
No. 3, p. 55; Proc, California Acad. Sei., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 180.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES.
TEJON (EOCENE) SPECIES.
PELECYPODA.

Genus TELLINA Linnzus.

TELLINA JOAQUINENSIS N. sp.

Plate II, figure 11.

Description.—Shell attaining a length of 22 millimeters, oblong, com-
pressed, inequivalve, inequilateral. Beaks slightly posterior, small;
anterior extremity regularly rounded; posterior extremity more
attenuated than anterior, the posterior dorsal margin sloping from
beaks at a somewhat steeper angle than the anterior dorsal margin;
posterior fold practically obsolete. Surface smooth, except tor
numerous very fine lines of growth. Hinge and interior unknown.

Dimensions —Longitude 22 mm.; latitude 15 mm.; diameter of
single valve, 1.1 mm.

Notes.—This small species reminds one somewhat of Angulus, but
is more nearly equilateral and has a less attenuated posterior ex-
tremity. J. joaquinensis is characterized and may be distinguished
from other California Eocene species by its small size, approximate
bilateral symmetry, and the moderately steep slopes of its dorsal
margins. It is apparently closest allied to the Chico (upper Creta-
ceous) 7. parilis Gabb, but may be distinguished from the latter by
its slightly more posterior beaks and broader outline. It is named
\for the San Joaquin coal mine, near Coalinga.
| Type.—teft valve; catalogue No. 165619, U.S.N.M.

Locality United States Geological Survey locality 4801; hard,
fine sandstone at San Joaquin coal mine, 3 miles west of Coalinga,
lin NW. | sec. 26, T. 20 S., R. 14 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert
Anderson).

Horizon.—Tejon formation, Eocene.
Genus MERETRIX Lamarck.

MERETRIX GABBI DN. sp.
Plate III, figure 4.

Description.—Shell attaining a length of 30 millimeters, inequilat-
erally trigonal in outline, gibbous, finely concentrically striated.
88866—Bull. 396—09——4 49

50 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA. *

Beaks prominent, turbid, bent forward, situated well toward the
front of the shell; anterior dorsal margin sloping abruptly down to
the narrow, sharply rounded extremity; posterior dorsal margin
only slightly curved except near beak aa near extremity, where it
bends abruptly down, obliquely truncating the end; lowes angle of ;
extremity sharper Age upper; base regularly aden lunule not —
large; sculpture consisting of numerous sharp, fine, dese con-
centric lines and a few lines of interrupted growth, the latter appene
ing closer together on the later stages of growth. Hinge and interior
unknown.

Dimensions.—Longitude 29 mm.; latitude 24 mm.; diameter off
single valve, 11 mm. 4

Notes.— Meretrix gabbi differs from M. uvasana Conrad (Pl. III,—
fiz. 13), from the Tejon by its much finer surface sculpture and much
more abruptly truncated anterior extremity. It differs from J.
hornit Gabb (PI. III, fig. 9), from the Tejon, by the same characters.
It differs from JJ. ovalis Gabb (PI. III, fig. 5), from the Tejon, by its”
more trigonal outline, more abrupt anterior end, and rougher sur-
face. It is named in honor of the late W. M. Gab. the Nestor of |
California paleontology.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165640, U.S.N.M., from locality 4801.

Localities —United States Geological Survey locality 4614, in low
hills 34 miles northwest of Coalinga and between the two coal mines;
locality 4621, about 150 feet above Chico (Cretaceous) contact, in
hills just south of Los Gatos Creek, 54 miles north 45° west of Coa-
linga; locality 4801, San Joaquin coal mine, 3 miles west of Coalinga
(Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon.—Tejon formation, Eocene.

ede ae eek, osu

Genus OSTREA Linneus.
OsTREA AVICULIFORMIS F. M. Anderson.
Plate II, figure 12.
1905. Ostrea aviculiformis ¥. M. Anderson, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology,
vol. 2, December, 1905, p. 194, pl. 13, figs. 3, 4, and 5

This species is very closely allied to, if not the same as, Ostrea
(ryphostrea) subeversa Conrad from the Jackson formation of Ala-
bama. This close relationship between the Jackson formation and
the ‘Tejon, also shown by many other species, leads to the conclusion
that the two formations are practically contemporaneous.

ligured specimen.—C atalogue No. 16! 5627, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4801, San
Joaquin coal mine, 3 miles west of Coalinga, in NW. 4 sec. 26, T. 20
S., R. 14 KE. (Ralph Arnold); west and north of Coalinga (I. M
Anderson).

Horizon, -Lejon formation, Eocene.

TEJON SPECIES. 51

GASTEROPODA.
A Genus SPIROGLYPHUS Daudin.
4 SPIROGLYPHUS ? TEJONENSIS DN. sp.

be Plate LV, figure 18.

_ Description —Shell attaining a diameter of over 7 millimeters,
discoidal coil, with no spire. Whorls three, circular in cross section,
the first one impressed slightly below plane of periphery ; eeuloniye
consisting of numerous fine, sharp lines of growth and a more or less
prominent revolving sulcation near suture on the inner side of the
top of the whorl.
_ Dimensions.—Maximum diameter, 7.5 mm.; height of coil, 1 mm.
_ Notes——Owing to the uncertainty attending the identification of
forms belonging to this group, it is impossible to assign the species
definitely to this genus. Its common occurrence and apparent re-
striction to the Eocene fauna has, in the writer’s opinion, warranted
aname. It is named for the Tejon formation, in which it is common
in the Coalinga district.
Type.—Catalogue No. 165658, U.S.N.M., from locality 4617.

Localities —United States Geological Survey locality 4617, hills
just northwest of the headwaters of Little Tar Canyon, north of
Dudley; locality 4619, west part of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E.,15 miles
north of Coalinga (James H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold).
Horizon.—Tejon formation, Eocene.

Genus TRITONIDEA Swainson.
TRITONIDEA KREYENHAGENT Nn. sp.
Plate IV, figure 10.

| Description —Shell attaining a length of over 15 millimeters, fusi-
|form, apex acute, canal short; axially ribbed and spirally sculptured.
Whorls about five or six, moderately convex, angulate and tabulate
: above middle of whorl; a wavy sulcated sutural line or riblet adorns
jtop of whorl. Sculpture consisting of several (11 on penultimate
}whorl) prominent, bulging, close set varices extending from suture
jto suture, but becoming obsolete, or nearly so, on the body whorl;
| spiral sculpture consists of three prominent rounded, raised lines sepa-
jrated by interspaces, somewhat wider than the lines, in each of which
jis a minor line, and sometimes a threadlet or two; between the upper-
jmost prominent line, which usually adorns the angle, and the ee
oa are two or three minor riblets; body whorl tapering rapidly u

jfront and sculptured in a similar manner to the lower parts of the
\upper whorls. Aperture ovate, narrowed in front, canal short, curved;
outer lip thin, describing a compound curve bowing from and below

D2 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

middle; inner lip smooth; columella with external, rather smooth
fold.

Dimensions.—Longitude, of slightly décolleté type, 16 mm.; lati-
tude 9.5 mm.; longitude of body whorl 12 mm.; longitude of aper-
ture and canal 9 mm. :

This species is characterized by its numerous close-set bulging
varices and well-defined spiral lines. It is named in honor of Adolph
and Hugo Kreyenhagen, to whom the writer is under obligations for
many favors received during the course of work in the region of
their ranches south of Coalinga.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165657, U.S.N.M. .

Locality —United States Geological Survey locality 4801, San
Joaquin coal mine, 3 miles northwest of Coalinga, in NW. } sec. 26,
T. 208., R. 14 E. (Ralph Arnold).

Horizon.—Tejon formation, Eocene.

Genus CANCELLARIA Lamarck. ~
CANCELLARIA IRELANIANA Cooper.

Plate IV, figure 22.

1894. Cancellaria (Narona) irelaniana Cooper, California State Min. Bureau, Bull
No. 4, p. 42, pl. 1, fig. 5.

Notes.—The specimen from the Coalinga locality has less promi
nent tubercles on the body whorl, has a higher angle on each whorl,
and shows more spiral sculpture, especially below the angle, than is
indicated by Cooper’s original description and figure. These differ-
ences are easily accounted for by the individual variability usually
‘encountered in species of this genus. Cooper reports only a single
specimen, the type, from the Marysville Buttes, Sutter County, col-
lected by W. L. Watts. A single specimen only was found in the®
Coalinga locality. The species was named after William Irelan, jr.,;
former state mineralogist of California.

Figured specimen.—No. 165645 U.S.N.M.

Locality.— United States Geological Survey locality 4619, west part
of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., 15 miles north of Coalinga (James H
Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon.—Tejon formation, Eocene.
Genus PLEUROTOMA Lamarck.
PLEUROTOMA DOMENGINEL N. sp.
Plate IV, figure 16.

Description. Perfect shell about 15 millimeters in length, spindle
shaped, whorls angulated, sculpture largely spiral. Whorls about six,

TEJON SPECIES. 53

sharply angulated posterior to middle, tabulate above with a promi-
nent nearly vertical revolving sutural ridge or carina just below
suture. The sculpture on the sutural ridge consists of numerous
‘sharp, more or less regular incremental lines bowing backward in
conformity with the curvature of the posterior sinus at each period
of growth; a small rugose spiral thread runs along the base of the
-sutural ridge and another along the top in certain of the whorls;
‘the sculpture of the rest of nee whorl consists of several (four on iat
lower part of the penultimate whorl) rather prominent rugose revoly-
ing threadlets; the lower part of the body whorl is nearly straight or
only slightly convex and is sculptured by lines similar to those on
the basal parts of the other whorls. Aperture and columella of type
‘are missing, so these can not be characterized.

_ Dimensions —Of broken type, longitude 11 mm.; latitude 6.5 mm.
Notes —This beautifully sculptured little species is characterized
by its tabulate whorls, prominent sutural ridge, and the peculiar
sculpture of the ridge and lower part of whorl. Only the type is
known. It is named for the Domengine ranch, near which the type
was found.

Type—Catalogue No. 165647, U.S.N.M.

Locality —United States Geological Survey locality 4619, in the
west part of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., 15 miles north of Coalinga
(Jas. H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon.—Tejon formation, Eocene.

PLEUROTOMA FRESNOENSIS DN. sp.
Plate IV, figure 23.

Description.—Shell attaining a length of over 20 millimeters,
spindle-shaped, very slender, apex acute, whorls nodose and spirally
sculptured. Whorls 10, convex and sharply angulated in middle;
about eight sharp, spirally elongated nodes adorn the angle of each
whorl, becoming obsolete toward sutures; upper surface of whorls
flat to concave and strongly sculptured by backward bowing in-
‘eremental lines which record shape of sinus; lower portion of whorl
sculptured | by two or three subequal spiral lines; lower part of body
whorl with alternating rugose spiral lines. Suture wavy, distinct.
Aperture elliptical; canal ‘unknow n; posterior sinus well developed;
outer lip sharp, bowing forward in middle; inner lip smooth.
Dimensions.—Longitude of type from which the canal is broken,
21 mm.; latitude 8 mm.; longitude of spire 11 mm.; longitude of
‘aperture 7 mm.

_ Notes.—This beautiful species is at once distinguishable by its
slender form, peculiar spirally elongated sharp nodes and strong

54 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

angle. The species reminds one somewhat of P. (Drillia) torosa
Carpenter. Named for Fresno County, in the western part of which
is the type locality.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165631, U.S.N.M.

Locality.— United States Geological Survey locality 4619, west part
of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E.,15 miles north of Coalinga (James H.
Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon.—Tejon formation, Eocene.

PLEUROTOMA GUIBERSONI N. sp.
Plate IV, figure 20.

Deseription.—Shell attaining a length of at least 14 millimeters,
narrowly spindle-shaped, prominently nodose. Whorls seven, regu-
larly convex, each whorl carrying five or six very prominent, slightly
oblique rounded varices; the spiral sculpture consists of a small
sutural riblet or wavy line just below the suture, three or four prom-
inent sharp, equidistant, widely separated spiral lines, and between
each pair of these four to six microscopic revolving lines; suture
deeply impressed, distinct. Canal broken and aperture covered up
in type.

Dimensions.—Longitude 13.5 mm.; latitude 5.8 mm.; longitude of
spire above body whorl 6 mm.

Notes.—This species is characterized by its moderately small size,
very convex whorls, very prominent bulging varices and few dias
tinct widely separated spiral lines. It is named in honor of Mr. S.
A. Guiberson, jr., superintendent of the Associated Oil Company,
Coalinga, Cal., to whom the writer is indebted for favors while work- |
ing in the Coalinga district. |

Type.—Catalogue No. 165648, U.S.N.M.

Locality.— United States Geological Survey locality 4619, in the }
west part of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., 15 miles north of Coalinga |
(James H. Pierce an Ralph Ne nold).

Horizon.—Tejon formation, Eocene.

VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) SPECIES.
PELECYPODA,
Genus MULINIA Gray.
MULINIA DENSATA Conrad var. MINOR Nn. var.
Plate V, figure 6. (See also Pl. XVII, figs. 3 and 4, and Pl. XX1, fig. 3.)

Notes.—This variety is characterized by its smaller size, and
more inequilateral form than the typical M. densata Conrad. (Pa-
cific Railroad Repts., vol. 6, p. 71, pl. 3, fig. 12.) The typical J.

' VAQUEROS SPECIES. 55

densata is found most abundantly in the upper Miocene; var. minor
is commoner in the lower Miocene (Vaqueros), although specimens
indistinguishable from the Vaqueros forms are found in the Etche-
goin. Mulinia densatais also known as Pseudocardium gabbi Rémond.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165601 U.S.N.M., from locality 4777.

Localities—United States Geological Survey locality 4625, “reef
bed” in Sulphur Spring branch of Zapato Creek, in sec. 23, T. 22 S.,
R. 15 E.; locality 4627, “reef bed” just west of Tar Canyon, in north
part of sec. 18, T. 23 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4667, “reef bed’’ 14 miles
east of Jacalitos Creek, 54 miles southwest of Alcalde, in east-central
part of sec. 18, T. 22 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4770, Turritella ocoyana bed
in Canoas Creek, 14 miles southwest of Hugo Kreyenhagen’s place,
NE. 4 SE. 4 sec. 32, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4777, “reef bed”
on Jasper Creek, above Ramirez place at forks of Jacalitos Creek
(Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson); also several localities in
Etchegoin formation (Arnold and Anderson).

Horizon.—Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene, to Etchegoin
formation, upper Miocene. —

Genus MACOMA Leach.

MACOMA PIERCEI N. sp.
Plate VII, figure 6.

Desecription.—Shell attaining a length of 75 millimeters, oval,
compressed, inequivalve, inequilateral, concentrically sculptured
and with a prominent posterior dorsal ridge or fold. Beaks small,
turned slightly forward, situated somewhat anterior to middle;
anterior dorsal margin straight for a short distance and sloping at a
moderate steep angle away from the beak, then curving gently
around the regularly convex anterior extremity; posterior extremity
straight, moderately angulated at juncture with rounded posterior

extremity; in the left valve the surface is flexed downward dorsally

in the rear, a sharply defined anterior dorsal ridge or carina marking
the border; in the right valve the disk flexes upward dorsally in the
rear, a sharp ridge or carina joining the beak and posterior extremity
‘a short distance below the dorsal margin. Surface sculptured by
fine, sharp, regular incremental lines.

Dimensions.—Longitude 75 mm.; latitude 55 mm.; diameter of
both valves together 14 mm.

Notes.— M. piercei is more closely allied to M. secta Conrad (living
from Strait of Fuca to Lower California) than to any other west
coast form, but is readily distinguished from the latter by its longer
and narrower outline, more compressed disk, more advanced position
of the beak, and sharper anterior dorsal ridge; the sculpture of the

56 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

former is also apparently sharper and more regular than that of the
latter species. It is named in honor of James H. Pierce, Coalinga, —
Cal.

Type.—A rather poorly preserved pair, catalogue No. 165595,
U.S.N.M., from locality 4631.

Locality.—U. S. Geological Survey locality 4631, Turritella ocoyana
bed, SE. 1 NE. } sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., 10 miles north of Coalinga
(Ralph Arnold; James H. Pierce) ; locality 4633, same horizon as last,
sec. 10, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold); locality 4861, “‘reef bed,”
NW. £ sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 18 E., Devils Den District, near Barton’s ©
cabin (O. D. Barten; H. R. Johnson; Ralph Arnold).

Horizon.—V aqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Genus SAXIDOMUS Conrad.
SAXIDOMUS VAQUEROSENSIS N. sp.
Plate VII, figure 7.

Description.—Shell averaging about 70 millimeters in length, trans-
versely oval, equivalve, inequilateral, moderately gibbous. Beak —
tumid, situated about two-fifths of the distance from anterior to —
posterior extremity, turned slightly forward; posterior dorsal margin
nearly straight, posterior extremity oblique and meeting dorsal mar- —
gin in a faint angle, lower part of posterior extremity rounded; base —
slightly but regularly rounded; anterior extremity regularly rounded, —
excavated immediately in front of beak. Surface sculptured by —
sharp, subequal incremental lamine. There is no lunule, but an
impressed line runs part way from beak to anterior extremity and a
broad, shallow groove extends from the beak to the posterior angle.

Dimensions.—Longitude 69 mm.; latitude 45 mm.; diameter, both
valves together, 31 mm.

Notes.—This beautiful species is closely allied and is probably the
precursor of S. nuttalli Conrad, which is found in the upper Miocene,
Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Recent faunas. It is. distinguished from
the latter by its narrower outline and more regular and finer concen-—
tric sculpture. It is named for the Vaqueros formation, of which it
is believed to be characteristic.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165570, U.S.N.M., from locality 4631.

Localities.—United States Geological Survey locality 4627, “ reef
bed” just west of Tar Canyon, in north part of sec. 18, T. 23 S., R.
16 &. (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson); locality 4631, Turritella
ocoyand bed, SE. } NE. } sec. 16, oe 19 S., R. 15 E. Games H. Pierce:
Ralph Arnold).

Horizon.— Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

VAQUEROS SPECIES. 57
Genus CARDIUM (Linnzus) Lamarck.
Subgenus TRACHYCARDIUM Morch.

Stehro Mare roonne VAQUEROSENSIS Arnold.

Plate IX, figure 2.

ka 908. Cardium ( Trachycardium) vaquerosensis Arnold, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34,
August 8, 1908, p. 378, pl. 34, fig. 3

__ Notes.—The specimen figured in this report has four more (83) ribs
than the type of the species, thus approaching more closely to the
recent, C. quadrigenarium Conrad, which has about 10 more (40) ribs
than the typical C. vaquerosensis. This fact is accounted for by the
higher stratigraphic position of the beds from which the Coalinga
specimen comes, namely, from the top of the Vaqueros; the type
locality of the species is well down in the formation.

_ Figured specimen.—Catalogue No. 165598, U.S.N.M., from locality
4631.

_ Localities—United States Geological Survey locality 4631, Turri-
Sulla ocoyana bed, in SE. } NE. i sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., 10 miles
north of Coalinga (James H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold); icealie: No.
4860, “reef bed Been Wheel Mountain, Kern County, 9 miles south-
feast of Dudley, NW. } sec. 36, T. 25 S., R. 18 E. (O. D. Barton;
A. R. Johnson; Ralph Arnold); Santa ie quadrangle, San Mates
County; eality 12, Mindego Creek, 1 mile above its confluence with
Alpine Creek (Ralph Arnold; H. H. Holly; L. C. Mills).

Horizon.—V aqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Genus PHACOIDES Blainville.
Subgenus MILTHA H. & A. Adams.
PHAcOIDES (MILTHA) SANCTACRUCIS DN. sp.
Plate VI, figure 6.

Description.—Shell averaging about 75 millimeters in altitude, cir-
cular in outline, compressed, concentrically striate. Beaks central,
prominent, turned sharply toward the front. Both margins faintly
angulated at a point down about one-fourth the distance from beak
‘to base; the posterior dorsal margin the higher and more regularly
‘curved; the anterior dorsal margin shorter and less regular; anterior
extremity and base evenly rounded; posterior extremity somewhat
Lunule rather narrow, separated from disk by impressed
| line and a more or less elevated carina; posterior area broadly

58 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNTA.

a faint carina and groove. Surface sculptured by fine regular incre-
mental lines and a few faint irregularities of growth. Hinge not
exposed in type but believed to be ‘similar to P. childrent Gray.

Dimensions.—Longitude 75 mm.; latitude 75 mm.; diameter of
both valves 28 mm.

Notes.—This species, which is not rare in many of the Vaqueros
(lower Miocene) faunas of the Coast Ranges and is believed to extend
to the upper Miocene and possibly lower Pliocene, is characterized by
its large size, circular outline, slight angulation dorsally, compressed
disk, prominent lunule and dorsal areas, and finely concentrically
striate but otherwise unsculptured surface. It is closely allied to P.
childreni Gray, the type of the subgenus, from the Gulf of California,
but may be distinguished by its shorter lunule and relatively greater
breadth. The species is named in honor of the Santa Cruz Mountains,
where it is quite abundant in the Vaqueros formation.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165569, U.S.N.M., from locality 4861, Coa-
linga district.

Localities —Mindego Creek (L. S. J. U. locality 12) Santa Cruz
Mountains, San Mateo County (Ralph Arnold); United States Geo-—
logical Survey locality 4861, sec. 23, T. 255S., R. 18 E., in “reef eee :
one-fourth of a mile coma henes of Baron s ae Davie Den district,
Kern County (O. D. Barton; Ralph Arnold). Lower Miocene. ;

Fernando and Newhall, Los Angeles County (Ralph Arnold).
Upper Miocene or lower Pliocene.

Horizon.—Lower Miocene to upper Miocene and possibly lower
Pliocene.

Genus SEPTIFER Recluz.
SEPTIFER COALINGENSIS 0. sp.
Plate V, figure 4.

Description.—Shell averaging about 45 millimeters in length,
wedge-shaped, slender, convex, radially striate. Beaks subterminal,
curved, sharp, anterior margin moderately concave, slightly angular
at about middle; posterior margin considerably more curved than
the anterior, slightly angulated opposite angle in anterior margin;
base slightly convex, moderately abruptly truncated at right angles
to margins on both sides. Surface sculptured by numerous regular,
close-set small rounded radiating ribs and a considerable number of
prominent lines of growth; all of the specimens examined are moref!
or less decorticated and show the radial sculpture around the pe-
riphery only; the sculpture in the younger stages of growth is believed
to be coarser than that in the later stages. Hinge without teeth,
furnished with a lamellar septum; ligamental pits linear, marginal.

VAQUEROS SPECIES. 59

_ Dimensions.—Longitude 45 mm.; latitude 18.5 mm.; diameter of
both valves together, 18 mm.
Notes.—This unique species is characterized by its slender form,

regularly convex surface, and fine radial sculpture. It is closely allied’

to the recent S. bifurcatus Reeve (range, San Francisco to Lower Cali-
fornia), but is narrower, more falcate, and more regularly but less
markedly convex. It is much larger, narrower, less angulate, and
finer sculptured than the Tejon (Eocene) S. dichotomus Gabb.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165580, U.S.N.M.

Locality—United States Geological Survey locality No. 4634, hill
south of oil well in the NE. } sec. 12, T. 21 S., R. 14 E., 3 miles
southwest of Coalinga (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon.—V aqueros formation, lower Miocene.

GASTEROPODA.
Genus TROPHON Montfort.
Subgenus FORRERIA Jousseaume, 1880.

TROPHON (FORRERIA) BARTONI N. sp.

Plate VII, figure 3.

Description.—Shell averaging about 50 millimeters in length, spire
elevated, canal long and narrow, whorls angular and prominently
spinose. Whorls three or four, sharply angular a short distance below
middle; upper surface smooth and nearly flat, lower surface vertical
or sloping slightly inward, suture distinct and wavy. Sculpture con-
sists of about seven prominent, straight, sharp spines on the angle of
each whorl; each spine is continued below into a more or less promi-
nently forward-flexing nodose varix, the nodes being formed by the
rossing of several (seven on the body whorl of the type) ridges; faint
lines of growth and minor spiral ridges also adorn the shell. Aper-
ure ovate; canal moderately long and slightly recurved.
Dimensions.—Of imperfect type, altitude 33 mm.; latitude 40 mm.;
altitude of aperture, not including canal, 17 mm.

_ Notes.—This species is doubtless closely allied to T. (Forreria)
ikernensis F. M. Anderson, described from the Vaqueros formation on
ern River. It may, however, be distinguished from the latter by
fits longer and sharper varices, broader outline, and more prominent
arices and spiral ridges. It is named in honor of Prof. Orlando D.
Barton, Dudley, Cal., to whom the writer is under the deepest obli-
izations for assistance rendered during various expeditions in the
region of his home.

- Type.—Catalogue No. 165571, U.S.N.M., from locality 4861.

a

60 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Localities —United States Geological Survey locality 4803, “reef
bed” about 200 feet stratigraphically above the Eocene unconformity
on Laval grade, 9 miles north of Coalinga, SW. } sec. 21, T. 19 S.,
-R.15 E. (Ralph Arnold; H. R. Johnson; Frank Stokes, jr.); locality”
4861, “reef bed’’ in NW. 3 sec. 23, T. 255., R.18 E, near Barton’s
ee (O. D. Barton; Ralph Aeantaye

Horizon.—Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

TROPHON (FORRERIA) GABBIANUM F. M. Anderson var. CANCELLA-
RIOIDES N. Var.

Plate VI, figure 5.

Notes.—As is indicated by the figures, 7’. gabbianum® is a most vari-
able species. The specimen from Wagon Wheel Mountain (P!. V,
fig. 5) superficially resembles a Siphonalia, exhibits practically spine-
less upper whorls, a prominent overlapping carina on the upper por-
tion of the whorl and the characteristic spiral sculpture, best
developed below the angle. The individual obtained near Barton’s

cabin (Pl. VI, fig. 5) suggests a Cancellaria, has numerous sharpl
angular, well- defined spiny whorls, in addition to the peculiar spiral
se ine This latter creo eae together with certain other
points of detail, at once disclose the identity of the various mutations
In recognition of the resemblance of the extremely nodose or spiny
form to a Cancellaria the varietal name cancellarioides is proposed.

Type of variety —Catalogue No. 165605, U.S.N.M., locality 4861. @
Figured specimen of typical form.—Catalogue No. 165572, locality
4860. ;

Localities—United States Geological Survey locality 4860, ‘reef
bed,” Wagon Wheel Mountain, Devils Den district, Kern County
NW. } sec . 36, T. 25S., R. 18 E.; locality 4861, “‘reef bed” in NW. #
sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 18 E., near Barton’s cabin, 6 miles south of
Dudley (Ralph Arnold; O. D. Barton; H. R. Johnson); type locality,
Laval grade, 9 miles north of Coalinga (F. M. Anderson).

Horizon.—V aqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Genus CANCELLARIA Lamarck

CANCELLARIA ANDERSONI N. sp.
Plate IX, figure 5

1905. Purpura lima ¥.M. Anderson (not of Martyn), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3
ser., Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 202, pl. 15, figs. 62-63.
Deseription.—Shell attaining a length of over 20 millimeters
broadly oval in outline, the last whorl much larger than the antece
dent ones, surface cancellate. Whorls four, convex x and angular, with

4 Anderson, I’, M., roe. California Acad. Sci., 8d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 203, oh 16, figs. 79, 80.

a

q VAQUEROS SPECIES. 61
exception of body whorl, which is, with the exception of a faint tabu-
lation, regularly ventricose and relatively smooth. Penultimate and
earlier whorls sculptured by several (10 in the penultimate whorl)
prominent rounded varices which become obsolete above angle; the
body whorl is only faintly axially ribbed, if at all, but is spirally
sculptured, the latter sculpture becoming subdued or obsolete in the
upper whorls; suture distinct. Aperture oblong; outer lip simple;
inner lip incrusted, smooth, with a prominent callus posteriorly;
columella with two prominent oblique spiral plaits.

Dimensions.—Longitude 21 mm.; latitude 12 mm.; longitude of
spire above body whorl, 3.5 mm.

Notes.—This species is characterized by its inornate body whorl
and strongly sculptured upper whorls, and is easily distinguished by
these characters from the other west coast species. Mr. Anderson
was probably unable to uncover the columella of his specimen, else his
generic determination would not have been as quoted.

Named in honor of Mr. Frank M. Anderson, Berkeley, Cal., to
whom we are indebted for so many paleontologic data concerning
both the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of the Pacific coast.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165607, U.S.N.M., from locality 4631.

- Localities.— United States Geological Survey locality 4631, Turri-
tella ocoyana bed in SE. } NE. tsec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., 10 miles
north of Coalinga (James H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold); Kern River,
Vaqueros locality, Kern County (F. M. Anderson).
Horizon.—Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Genus PLEUROTOMA Lamarck.
Subgenus BATHYTOMA.
PLEUROTOMA (BATHYTOMA) PIERCEI N. sp.

Plate IX, figure 7.

Description.—Shell averaging about 50 millimeters in length, tur-
iculated, fusiform. Whorls probably about six (type décolleté)
oderately prominently angulated about middle of whorl; posterior
urface slightly concave, anterior surface prominently convex; the
nvexity of the posterior portion of the body whorl is most pro-
ounced just back of the angle; body whorl regularly rounded below.
urface of whorls faintly spirally sculptured below; lines of growth
re also visible in well-preserved specimens. Suture impressed, dis-
inct. Aperture and canal imperfect but believed to be similar to
. carpenteriana,

Dimensions.—Longitude of imperfect type 38 mm.; latitude
9.5 mm.; longitude of restored spire above body whorl about 16 mm.

Notes.—B. piercei at once suggests the group of which B. carpen-
riana Gabb is by far the commonest west coast representative; it

62 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

may be distinguished from the latter by its relatively shorter whorls,
much higher angle, and consequently shorter posterior portion of
whorl; the suture is usually better marked in B. piercer than in
B. carpenteriana, owing to the greater convexity of the basal portion
of the whor! in the former species. 6. pierces may be distinguished
from B. carpenteriana var. fernandoana Arnold, from the Fernando
formation (probably Pliocene portion), by its more acute spire and
the higher position of the revolving angle on each whorl. B. pierces
bears practically the same relation to b. carpenteriana that B. keepi
Arnold, from the Vaqueros (lower Miocene) of the Santa Monic
Mountains, bears to the recent B. tryoniana Gabb.

The species is named in honor of James H. Pierce, superintendent —
Standard Oil Company, Coalinga, Cal., whose work among the fossilif-
erous localities of the Coalinga qiesriee has been of the utmost assist—

ance to the writer.
Type.—Specimen from which lower portion of body whorl has <a
broken, catalogue No. 165578, U.S.N.M. 1

Pier y.—United States Genin Survey locality 4631, 7 urritel
ocoyana bed in the SE. + NE. 4 sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., 10 miles
north of Coalinga (James H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon.—Near top of Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

;

Genus CONUS Linnezus.
CONUS HAYESI N. sp.

Plate V1, figure 3.

Description.—Shell averaging over 60 millimeters in length, obconie,
whorls enrolled upon themselves, the spire short, tapering slightly
more acutely in the younger stages of growth, shell thick. Spire ele-
vated about one-twelfth of the length of shell above body whori
whorls about seven, nearly flat, but showing a faint carina posteriorly
next to suture; the type shows faint traces of three or four spira
lines; body whorl moderately sharply angulated and carrying a faini
sutural carina, sides straight. Aperture long and narrow; the imper:
fect condition of the type prevents a full description of the aperturs
and canal.

Dimensions.—Longitude 60 mm.; latitude 44 mm.; altitude o
spire 5 mm.

Notes.—C. hayesi closely resembles both the recent Gulf of Cali
fornia species (. fergusont Sowerby and the tropical west America)
(. purpuraceus Broderip. It is relatively broader and slightly les
sharply angulated than the former and is spirally sculptured above
while it has a less elevated spire and more sharply angulated bod)
whorl than the latter. The species is supposed to be characteristi
of the Vaqueros or lower Miocene horizon. It is named in henor ¢
©. Willard Hayes, chief geologist, United States Geological Survey.

JACALITOS SPECIES. 63

Localities.—United States Geological Survey locality 4626, “reef
bed” on Wagon Wheel Mountain, Kern County, 10 miles south of
Dudley; locality 4861, “reef bed” in sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 18 E.,
hear Barton’s cabin, which is in the NW. } sec. 23, Kings County
(0. D. Barton; Ralph Arnold); (?)El Toro, Orange County (Delos
Arnold; Stephen Bowers).

Horizon.—V aqueros sandstone, lower Miocene.

JACALITOS (EARLY UPPER MIOCENE) SPECIES.
ECHINODERMATA.
Genus ASTRODAPSIS Conrad.

ASTRODAPSIS JACALITOSENSIS nN. sp.
Plate XV, figure 5.

Deseription.—Specimen similar in general aspects to A. whitneyi
Rémond, but distinguished by its larger size (sometimes 80 milli-
meters in maximum diameter), and oblong instead of circular outline;
the petals are also less prominently elevated and broader in jacali-
tosensis than in the latter.

_ Dimensions.—Maximum diameter 80 mm.; minimum diameter 70
mm.; maximum latitude of petals 12 mm.

Notes.—As this form has a definite stratigraphic value, being so far
as known confined to the Jacalitos formation, it has been deemed
worthy of a specific name, although its close relationship to the pre-
viously described A. whitneyi is freely admitted. In the Coalinga
district A. whitneyi (see Pl. XI, fig. 1) is found in the Santa Marga-
rita(?) formation (upper middle Miocene), while A. jacalitosensis
occurs in the Jacalitos formation, which lies stratigraphically above
ithe Santa Margarita(?). Merriam states that in the Mount Diablo
iregion A. whitneyi probably occurs in the upper beds of the San
! Pablo formation, which would correspond to the Etchegoin of the
{Coalinga district. This discrepancy between the horizons in which
HA. whitney: occurs in the two regions is worthy of further study.
For a fuller discussion of the stratigraphic relations of the various
west American sea urchins the reader is referred to papers on this
subject by J. C. Merriam,’ C. E. Weaver,’ and R. W. Pack.?

‘ _ @Proe. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 1, p. 167.

™ 6 The distribution of the Neocene sea urchins of middle California and its bearing on the classification of
4 the Neocene formations: Bull. Dept. Geology Univ. California, vol. 2, May, 1898, pp. 109-118. The Tertiary
_} Sea urchins of middle California: Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 1, March 6, 1899, pp. 161-
41174, pls. 21-22,

ij © New echinoids from the Tertiary of California: Bull. Dept. Geology Univ. California, vol. 5, 1909, pp.
271-274, pls. 21-22.

_ dNotes on echinoids from the Tertiary of California: Bull, Dept, Geology Univ. California, vol. 5,
July, 1909, pp. 275-283, pls. 23-24,

64 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165610, U.S.N.M., from locality 4745. .

Localities —U. S. Geological Survey locality 4654, on Jacalitos
Creek, one-half mile above the junction with Jasper Creek, on sout h
side of sec. 1, T. 22 S., R. 14 E. (A. E. Preston; Ralph Arnold)3™
locality 4745, on ridge southeast of Garza Creek, in sec. 2, T. 23 S.
R. 16 E., Kings County (Ralph Arnold). -_

Horizon.—Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

PELECYPODA.
Genus PANOPEA Menard.

PANOPEA ESTRELLANA Conrad.

Plate XV, figure 1.

1857. Gilycymeris estrellana Conrad, Pacific R. R. Repts., vol. 7, 1857, p. 194, pl. 7,
figs. 5, 5a.

1869. Glycymeris generosa Gould, Gabb, Pal. California, vol. 2, p. 89, California
Miocene records only. ;

1888. Glycymeris generosa Gould, Cooper, Seventh Ann. Rept. California State Miner- -
alogist, 1888, p. 241, California Miocene records only.

1898. Panopea estrellanus ae Dall, Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3, pt. 4,
1898, p. 830, California Miocene records only.

Notes.—Comparisons of the type of this species (catalogue 13320
U.S.N.M.) with specimens from the Coalinga district show the type
to be smaller, relatively narrower, and with the beaks much more
anterior to the middle of the shell than in P. generosa Gould; P.
estrellana may be distinguished from P. abrupta Conrad by its longer
posterior extremity and more steeply sloping dorsal anterior margin.

Figured spectmen.—Catalogue No. 165568, U.S.N.M., a locality
4765.

Localities.—United States Geological Survey locality 4765, just
east of Ramirez place at forks of Jacalitos Creek, Coalinga district,
Fresno County, on west side of center of SW. } sec. 6, T. 22 S., R.
15 E. (Ralph Arnold) ; Estrella Valley, San Luis Obispo County, Cali-
fornia (Pacific R. R. Expl. Exped.); ?Walnut Creek, Contra Costé
County, ?Foxin’s, Santa Barbara County (Cooper).

Horizon.—Upper half of the Miocene.

Genus MACOMA Leach.
MACOMA sp. @.
Plate XV, figure 3.

Notes. —This species, which is characterized by its short form,
steeply sloping dorsal margins, and angulated anterior extremity, 1
believed to be characteristic of the Jacalitos. The material is in toe

JACALITOS SPECIES. 65

oor a state of preservation to permit a specific diagnosis warranting
| name.
Specimen figured.—Catalogue No. 165588, U.S.N.M.
_ Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4763, 200 yards
orth of Jacalitos Creek crossing on Stone Canyon and Coalinga road
4 miles southwest of Coalinga (Ralph Arnold and Frank Stokes, jr.).
Horizon.—Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

MACOMA JACALITOSANA N. sp.
Plate XVI, figure 2.

Description.—Shell attaining a length of 70 millimeters, oblong,
ttenuated posteriorly, inflated, inequivalve, inequilateral, surface
ooth. Beaks slightly anterior to middle, small, tumid, curved
ightly forward; anterior extremity regularly rounded; posterior dor-
1 margin only slightly curved, sloping more steeply from beak than
nterior dorsal margin; posterior extremity moderately sharply trun-
ated near base of shell, posterior surface of right valve flexed into
prominent carina or fold which extends from the beak to the pos-
rior angle at base; the carina being separated from the dorsal
argin by a space equal in width to nearly one-third the width of
e shell; base line curved to conform to flexure of disk, otherwise
early straight; left valve flexed downward and with carina less
rominent and nearer dorsal margin thanin right. Surface sculptured
y fine sharp incremental lines and occasional lines of interrupted
rowth.

Dimensions.—Longitude 70 mm.;-latitude 46 mm.; diameter of
ght valve, 15 mm. :

Notes.— M. jacalitosana belongs to the same general group as JM. na-
ta Conrad (range lower Miocene to Recent) but is very much mo:e
flated, narrower posteriorly, and carries the posterior carina or fold
uch farther below the dorsal margin than the latter. It is named for
e Jacalitos formation, of which it is believed to be characteristic.
Type.—Nearly perfect right valve, catalogue No. 156613, U.S.N.M.
Locality —United States Geological Survey locality 4765, just east
Ramirez place at junction of Jacalitos Creek and Jasper Creek,
t of Reef Ridge, on. west side of center of SW. } sec. 6, T. 22 5.,
. 15 E., about 2,000 feet stratigraphically below summit of forma-
on (Ralph Arnold; H. R. Johnson; W. H. Kerr).
Horizon.—Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

MACOMA VANVLECKI hn. sp.
Plate XII, figure 2; Plate XVI, figure 1.

Description.—Shell averaging between 50 and 60 millimeters in
ngth, elongate oval, attenuated anteriorly, beaks anterior, inequi-
88866—Bull, 396—09——5

66 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

valve, tumid, the left valve much more tumid than the right and
having the anterior extremity flexed upward instead of downward.
Beak, small and not prominent, located a little over two-fifths the
length of shell from anterior extremity; anterior dorsal margin
faintly angulated in middle, sloping steeply downward from beak
toward extremity which is sharply angulated at a point somewhat
below the horizontal medial line of the valve; posterior extremity
nearly straight; posterior extremity curved, the pomt of greatest
convexity occurring above middle line of valve; base slightly curved
and practically parallel with posterior dorsal margin except for faint
convex curve caused by the flexing of the valve; a prominent angle
joins the beaks and the anterior extremity; in the left valve this
angle flexes upward, in the right valve downward. Surface smooth
except for fine incremental lines. Hinge unknown. .

Dimensions.—Longitude 54 mm.; latitude 31.5 mm.; diameter,
right valve, 7 mm.; left valve, 12 mm.

Notes.— M. vanvlecki is more closely related to M. indentata Car-
penter (living from San Pedro to San Diego), than to any other mem-
ber of this genus from the west coast, but may be distinguished by
its narrower outline, relatively longer anterior extremity, and less
show of flexuosity on the anterior ventral margin. It is believed to
be a characteristic species of the Jacalitos formation. It is named
in honor of Robert Van Vleck Anderson, Menlo Park, Cal., the
writer’s collaborator in the Coalinga and Santa Maria oil districts. ¢ i

Type.—Catalogue No. 165576, U.S.N.M. from locality 4763.

Localities—United States Geological Survey locality 4763, 200
yards north of Jacalitos Creek crossing on Stone Canyon-Coalinga’
road, 14 miles southwest of Coalinga (Ralph Arnold; Frank Stokes,
jr.); locality No. 4765, just east of Ramirez place on forks of Jacalitos
Creek, a short distance below Reef Ridge, on west side of center of
SW. 4 sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 15 E., about 2,000 feet stratigraphically
below summit of formation (H. R. Johnson; Ralph Arnold; W. H.
Kerr); northwest end of Elkhorn Plain, 1 mile south of White’s
(Ralph Arnold). 4

Horizon.—Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

Genus PAPHIA Bolten.
PAPHIA JACALITOSENSIS n. sp.
Plate XVI, figure 3.

Deseription.—Shell attaining an altitude of over 50 millimeters,
subcircular in outline, compressed, concentrically and finely radiately
sculptured. Beaks small, turned sharply forward, situated about
one-third the length from anterior to posterior extremity; both

JACALITOS SPECIES. 67

anterior and posterior margins and base regularly rounded. Lunule
mall, impressed. Surface sculptured by numerous equidistant
sightly elevated concentric lamine and numerous fine, close-set
radiating raised lines. Hinge and interior not visible.

_ Dimensions. —Longitude 55 mm.; altitude 57 mm.; diameter of
both valves together, 24 mm.

_ Notes.—This species is readily distinguishable by its moderate size,
aircular outline, compressed form, and rather inconspicuous radiating
sculpture. It is named for the Jacalitos formation, of which it is
elieved to be characteristic.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165587, U.S.N.M.

Locality —United States Geological Survey locality | 4765, on
Yamirez place at forks of Jacalitos Creek a short distance northeast
f Reef Ridge, on west side of center of SW. } sec. 6, T. 22S., R.15 E.
Ralph Arnold).

Horizon.—Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

Genus DOSINIA Scopoli.

~DoOSINIA JACALITOSANA ND. Sp.
Plate XVI, figure 5.

Description —Shell attaining a length of nearly 100 millimeters,
ubovate, equivalve, rather inflated, beaks anterior, surface concen-
rically sculptured. Beak about one-sixth the length from anterior
nd, tumid, turned prominently forward; posterior dorsal margin
fegularly rounded; posterior extremity more sharply curved; ante-
fior dorsal margin short, excavated in front for a deep broad lunule;
Wnterior extremity short, narrow and regularly rounded; base
#oderately curved. Surface sculptured by numerous, regular, low
minded concentric ridges. Hinge unknown.

Dimensions.—Longitude 95 mm.; latitude 83 mm.; diameter of

_ Notes.—The hinge of this species is not exposed, but from the
laracteristic, glazed, concentrically sculptured surface it seems
most certain that it is a Dosinia. It is characterized by its great

aD. jacalitosana is much larger, very much more elongated, and has,
n the whole, finer concentric sculpture than D. mathewsonii Gabb
‘om the ewer Miocene; it is very much larger and more elongate and
as more numerous concentric lines than ). conradi Gabb (D. alta of
; it differs from D. montana Conrad, from the Salinas Valley,
y its larger size, much more elongated outline and more gibbous
a

isk; it differs from D. ponderosa Gray by its much more elongated

i

“
p

68 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

outline, more anterior beak, deeper and broader lunule, and usually
more inflated disk. ‘‘D. longula Conrad,” which is from the ‘‘bed of
Salinas River”’ is probably a Callista; D. subobliqua Conrad, of which
the type was not examined but of which there is a figure in the
Pacific Railroad Reports (vol. 7, pl. 6, fig. 5), is probably a Chione,
possibly C. temblorensis.
The species is named for the Jacalitos formation, of which it is
believed to be characteristic.
Type.—Catalogue No. 165575, U.S.N.M. |
Locality —United States Geological Survey locality 4763, 200
yards north of Jacalitos Creek on the Stone Canyon and Coalinga
road, on the flanks of Waltham Valley, 14 miles southwest of Coalinga
(Ralph Arnold and Frank Stokes, jr.).
Horizon.—Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

Genus THRACIA (Leach) Blainville.
THRACIA JACALITOSANA DN. Sp.
Plate XVI, figure 4.

Description.—Shell averaging about 50 millimeters in length,
oblong, only slightly inflated, subequivalve, inequilateral. Beak
small, subcentral; posterior extremity slightly shorter than anterior;
obliquely truncated, dorsal posterior margin rather short, concave,
joins posterior line of truncation in angle slightly greater than 90°;
a distinct ridge joins the beak and lower posterior angle; base regu
larly rounded; anterior extremity angulated above where the low
sloping dorsal margin meets the rounded anterior periphery; the
extreme anterior end is slightly below the horizontal medial line of }
shell. Sculpture consists of incremental lines and, near the base, of j!
very faint small concentric undulations. Hinge and interior un-
known.

Dimensions.—Of somewhat imperfect type, longitude 51 mm,
latitude 44 mm.; diameter of single valve, 8 mm.

Notes.—This peculiar shell recalls both Thracia and Panomya, t
external characters of both apparently being united init. A carefu
examination, however, leaves little doubt as to which group it prop}
erly belongs, and it is placed provisionally with Thracia. It differs
from 7. trapezoides Conrad by its much broader outline, shorter an¢
broader posterior extremity, and shorter and more concave dorsa
posterior margin; the posterior flexure or angle is not as well devel
oped in 7. jacalitosana as in T. trapezoides. It is named for thi
Jacalitos formation, of which it is believed to be characteristic.

Type.—An imperfect left valve, catalogue No, 165579, U.S.N.M.

Locality.United States Geological Survey locality 4763, o

Stone Canyon and Coalinga road 200 yards north of Jacalitos Cree

JACALITOS SPECIES. 69

crossing, 14 miles southwest of Coalinga (Ralph Arnold and Frank
Stokes, jr.).
_ Horizon.—Jacalitos formation, lower portion of upper Miocene.

GASTEROPODA.
Genus MARGARITA Leach.
MARGARITA JOHNSONI 0. sp.

Plate XV, figure 6.

Description.—Shell attaining an altitude of 6 millimeters, globular-
conical, umbilicated, spirally sculptured, apex subacute. Whorls
four, slightly convex, ornamented by several (five on penultimate
whorl of type) prominent, regular, equidistant, rounded threadlike
spiral ridges and numerous fine sharp regular equidistant incremental
lines which slope obliquely downward to the right. Suture im-
pressed, rather inconspicuous. Body whorl faintly angular, orna-
mented on base by five or six spiral ridges only very slightly less
prominent than those on sides of whorls. Aperture rounded; lips
simple; umbilicus perforate.

_ Dimensions.— Altitude 6 mm.; latitude 6.2 mm.; altitude of body
whorl 5 mm.

Notes.— M. johnsoni is allied to M. pupilla Gould (Recent range
Alaska to Puget Sound), but may be distinguished by its smaller
size, less convex whorls, less conspicuous suture, and much coarser
but fewer spiral lines on base. The species is easily distinguishable
from Leptothyra by its higher spire, perforate umbilicus, and more
prominent oblique incremental sculpture. Believed to be eharacter-
istic of the Jacalitos formation. It is named in honor of Mr. Harry
Roland Johnson, of the U. S. Geological Survey.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165663, U.S.N.M.

' Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4765, on Jasper
Creek just above its confluence with Jacalitos Creek, on west side
of center of SW. } sec. 6, T. 22S., R.15 E. About 2,000 feet strati-
graphically below summit of formation. One of typical Jacalitos
localities (Ralph Arnold).

Horizon.—Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

Genus THAIS Link.
THAIS KETTLEMANENSIS N. sp.
Plate XV, figure 4; Plate X XI, figures 1 and la.

_ Desecription.—Shell about 85 millimeters in length, broadly fusiform
outline, spire moderately elevated, surface sharply spirally sculp-
red. Whorls five, ventricose, faintly angulated in the middle and

70 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

carrying about nine low rounded nodes which become obsolete a
short distance above and below the angle; body whorl somewhat
more tabulated above than the others. The sculpture consists of
three systems of prominent, squarish revolving ridges; on the body
whorl there are two ridges of the major system above the angle, one
line on it and seven equidistant lines below it; between each pair of
these major ridges is a slightly less prominent ridge, and between each
of these secondary ridges and each major ridge is still a smaller one;
a prominent wavy sulcated sutural ridge adorns the top of the
whorl; imbricating lamelle of growth are prominent over much of
the surface, especially on the sutural riblet. Suture distinct, wavy.
Aperture cal narrowed anteriorly ; canal open, slightly recurved;
outer lip iced anteriorly; inner lip smooth, reflected anteriorly:
umbilicus wide, rough with lines of growth.

Dimensions.—Type, from which a part of the columella is broken:
Altitude, 82 mm.; latitude, 58 mm.; altitude of body whorl, 65 mm.
altitude of ae seecnine onal 45 mm.; latitude of aperture,
25 mm.

Notes.—This magnificent species, is quite different from any otha”
fossil found in the Ohnilinen: district, and may be readily recognized)
by its large size, broadly fusiform outline, low nodes, and sharp
spiral ridges. 7. kettlemanensis ranges throughout the Jacalitos
formation, the type coming from eae at the extreme top of the¥}
Jacalitos or the base of the Etchegoin. At the type locality it was)
associated with no other species.

Several specimens, believed to be the young of this species, weres}
found at localities 4763 and 4765. They show the characteristie§}
spiral sculpture and sutural riblet exhibited by the type, and in
addition indicate that the upper whorls are crossed by prominent
rounded varices, about 15 to a whorl, and about 8 strong rounded
revolving lines. These young specimens suggest Chrysodomus ix
general appearance, although the adult form bears only a remote
resemblance to this genus. Thais was formerly known as Purpura

Type.—Catalogue No. 165585, U.S.N.M.

Localities —United States Geological Survey locality 4680, on
plunging anticline in central part of Kettleman Hills, 24 miles south
west of point where the Dudley-Lemoore road enters Tulare Plain
(Ralph Arnold); locality 4763, 200 yards north of Jacalitos Creek
on the Stone Canyon—Coalinga road, 14 miles southwest of Coalings
(Ralph Arnold and Frank Stokes, jr.); locality 4765, on Jasper Creel
just above confluence with Jacalitos Creek northeast of Reef Ridge
on west side of center of SW. } sec. 6, T. 22S., R. 15 EB. (Ralpi
Arnold).
' Horizon.—Jacalitos formation to basal Etchegoin, upper middle .
Miocene to upper Miocene.

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. cal

ETCHEGOIN (UPPERMOST MIOCENE) SPECIES.
PELECYPODA.
Genus CRYPTOMYA Conrad.

CRYPTOMYA QUADRATA N. sp.
Plate X XI, figures 2 and 2a.

Description.—Shell averaging about 35 millimeters in length, sub-
quadrate in outline, width about four-fifths the length, inequivalve,
compressed, moderately thin. Beaks subcentral, small, very slightly
overlapping. Left valve with anterior extremity evenly rounded,
dorsal margin nearly straight, sloping only slightly; posterior ex-
tremity rectangularly truncated, the line of truncation joining dorsal
and ventral margins in rounded right angles; beak and posterior ex-
tremity joined by a low broad sulcation. Right valve with shorter
and more steeply sloping dorsal margin, and somewhat more convex
surface than left; sulcation not as prominently developed as in left.
Surface of both valves prominently sculptured with irregular incre-
mental lines and lamellz. Hinge and interior not observable, but
believed to be similar to C. californica Conrad.

Dimensions.—Longitude 35 mm.; latitude 28 mm.; diameter, both
valves, 12.5 mm.

Notes.—This species is characterized by its large size, subquadrate
outline, and posterior sulcation. It differs from C. ovalis Conrad by
its greater size, more rectangularly truncate posterior extremity and
less sloping dorsal margins; it differs from the recent C. californica
Conrad in the same way. C- ovalis has the anterior extremity evenly
rounded rather than subangular ventrally as in C. californica, other-
wise the two are similar.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165525, U.S.N.M.

Locality.— United States Geological Survey locality 4665, on south
side of White Creek, about 6 miles above junction with Los Gatos
Creek, Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold; Robert Anderson; E. P.
Davis).

Horizon.—Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus MACTRA Linnzus.
MACTRA COALINGENSIS NR. sp.
Plate XXYV, figure 4.

Description.—Shell averaging about 52 millimeters in width, equi-
valve, trigonal in outline, rounded behind, slightly attenuated in
front; beaks not prominent, situated slightly anterior to middle of

72 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

shell; anterior superior margin only slightly excavated in front of
beaks, nearly straight to anterior extremity, which is quite abruptly
truncated; posterior inferior margin slightly curved, and merging
imperceptibly into the regularly convex posterior extremity; basa
margin moderately curved. Hinge and cartilage areas concealed in
type, but believed to be similar to M. falcata Gould.
Dimensions.—Longitude 65 mm.; latitude 52 mm.; anterior ex-
tremity 30 mm.
Notes.—This species is closely related to M. falcata Gould from the
Recent fauna of the west coast, but may be distinguished by its rela-
tively broader outline and abruptly truncated anterior extremity. It
also bears some resemblance to Spisula albaria Conrad but is less
ventricose, relatively narrower and more attenuated, but more ab-
ruptly truncated in front. Named for the Coalinga district, in which
the type locality is situated. |
Type.—Catalogue No. 165513, U.S.N.M., from locality 4806. 7
Localities —United States Geological Survey locality 4665, on
south side of White Creek about 6 miles northwest of junction with
Los Gatos Creek; locality 4762, three-fourths mile east of Elmer
Frame’s place in Waltham Creek Valley, 13 miles southwest of
Coalinga; ee 4806, Glycymeris bed on the north side of Alcalde
Canyon, 2 miles mone Heaee of Alcalde; center of SW. 1 sec. 7, T. 21S.
R. 15 E.; all in the Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold as, Robert
Anderson).
Horizon.—Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus TRANSENNELLA Dall.

TRANSENNELLA CALIFORNICA 0. sp.
Plate X XVI, figures 7 and 7a.

Description —Shell averaging between 5 and 6 millimeters in length
trigonal, moderately convex, equivalve, concentrically sculptured
Beaks prominent, somewhat anterior to the middle, turned forward
anterior extremity rounded, the point of greatest curvature being the
extreme end; posterior extremity longer than the anterior and more
sharply curved at extreme end which lies below the middle of the
shell; surface sculptured by numerous regularly spaced incised con
centric lines. Lunule relatively large, bounded by a deeply impressed
line. Tlinge of right valve consists of three cardinals, the middle one
the most prominent, bowed and situated immediately under the beak,
the anterior one very short, the posterior one straight and only
slightly inferior to the saiddies one; anterior sulcus short, deep, with a
prominent tooth or process on each side; a faint groove extends pos-=
teriorly from the beak for one-third the length of shell. Internal
muscle and pallial impressions not visible in type. i bh

ar
> ae

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 73

_ Dymensions.—Longitude 5.5 mm.; latitude 4.2 mm.; diameter of
single valve, 1.2 mm.

| Notes. Tf. californica is closely allied to T. tantilla Gould (formerly
known as Psephis id.), the two having practically the same surface
Beapiure and general outline. 7. califernica: however, has a per-
_ceptibly shorter and less acute posterior extremity, a more prominent
beak, and a more deeply sulcated and more anteriorly located forward
cardinal tooth. The species is so far represented by but one specimen,
which, fortunately, is a beautifully. preserved right valve. It is
named for the State of California.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165553, U.S.N.M.

Locality United States Geological Survey locality 4715, south
end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25S., R. 19 FE. (O. D. Barton; H.R.
Johnson and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon.—Upper Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus MYTILUS (Linnzus) Bolten.
Subgenus MYTILOCONCHA Conrad.

Mytitus (MyTILOCONCHA) COALINGENSIS N. sp.
Plate XIX, figure 5; Plate XXII, figure 6.

Description. —Shell attaining an enormous size, over 200° milli-
‘meters in length, elongate-ovate in outline, Plcnte toward beaks,
gibbous, equivalve; Aiefege comparatively smooth; shell moderately
thick; beaks prominent, terminal, acute, curved sharply forward;
‘posterior margin gently and regularly curved except for a faint sug-
gestion of an angle a little above middle; base only very slightly
‘curved; anterior margin gently and regularly concave; surface con-
‘vex, the angle or region of greatest convexity being somewhat an-
terior to the middle of the shell, thus causing the anterior slope of the
‘surface to be much steeper than the posterior; surface sculptured by
numerous fine lines of growth, radiating strie, and more or less con-
EF spicuous concentric irrepuls arities. Apical region thickened, extended ;
. en area aie fae its Ww ae tase two-thirds of its

area Bee trically aa biadiailly sc Eni: a ess trinienlen: longi
‘tudinally suleated pit occupies the space immediately back of the
r = hinge area; a well-defined groove on the interior of the shell
corresponds to the angle on the surface.

_Dimensions.—Longitude of fragment (type), 110 mm.; maximum
atitude 52 mm.; maximum diameter 35 mm.

_ Notes.—This magnificent species is easily recognized by its elon-
ga ate faleate and longitudinally grooved and ridged apical region,

74 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

where this is visible. It is closely allied to the type of the subgenus,
M. (M.) incurvus Conrad, which occurs? in the Oligocene of Florida
and in the Miocene from New Jersey to South Carolina, but may b
distinguished from the latter by its greater size, broader outline, and
prominent muscle pit just anterior to the pee The occurrence of
these two closely allied and unique forms is one more piece of evi-
dence indicating closer relations between the Atlantic and Pacifi
coast of North America during the upper Miocene than has as yet
been definitely recognized. M. (M.) coalingensis is broader and
more falcate toward the beaks than Mytilus mathewsonu Gabb from
the lower Miocene; is relatively narrower and more falcate than 1.4
mathewsonii var. expansus Arnold, from the lower Miocene; andy
lacks the corrugations of MV. californicus Conrad, of the recent fauna.)
It is common in the basal Etchegoin and may usually be taken as
good horizon marker. No perfect specimen of the species is known,
the shells always being broken approximately in the middle or nea
the beaks. It is named for the Coalinga district.

Type.—Fragment showing upper portion of a right valye, cata-
logue No. 165551,U.S.N.M., from locality 4556.

Localities —Jacalitos formation: Locality 4652, on poimt of ridg
three-fourths mile south-southwest of Alcalde, one-fourth mil
south of bend in road, Coalinga district, Fresno County, SE. 4 sec.
23, T. 21S., R. 14 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson). Uppe
middle Miocene.

Etchegoin formation: Locality 4656, lowest Etchegoin bed, SW.
sec, 34, T. 19S., R. 15 E.; locality 4658, on Anticline Ridge, abou
34 miles northwest of Kenny B. M.; locality 4660, Glycymeris be
just northeast of West Coalinga Oil Company’s well, 24 mil
west of Coalinga; locality 4664, north side of. White Creek! about
5 miles northwest of junction with Los Gatos Creek; locality 4671,
on Anticline Ridge, about 2 miles north of Kenny B. M., 7 milel
northeast of Coalinga; locality 4672, northeast nose of 1,200-foot
ridge, four-fifths mile north-northwest of prominent hill on south
side Alcalde Canyon, center of SE. } sec. 13, T. 21 S., R. 14 HR
locality 4674, Glycymeris bed, halfway between Commercial Pe-
troleum and West Coalinga wells; locality 4688, middle of S. 4}
sec. 2, T. 20 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4693, south-central part Kettle-
man Hills, about 9? miles northwest of Light’s place, SW. + NE. 4
sec, 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.; locality 4715, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 Hy, ag
south end Kettleman Hills; locality 4749, station ‘“f,” on ridge on
south side of Garza Creek about 1 mile from Kettleman Plain, in
NE. } sec. 1, T. 23 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4750, station “g,” about
one-half mile northeast of locality 4749, SW. } sec. 36, T. 228., R

# Dall, W. H., Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3, pt. 4, pp. 789-790.

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 15

16 E.; locality 4758, bed C, near top of section at Henry Spring,
4 miles south of Coalinga, SW. } sec. 18, T. 21 S., R. 15 E.; locality
4806, Glycymeris bed, on north side of Adeedde, Canyon, 2 miles
ortheast of Alcalde, center of SW. } sec. 7, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph
Arnold and Babert Anderson). Several fgceleties im eastern
Bi torey County (Homer Hamlin and Ralph Arnold). Upper
- Miocene.

_ Horizon.—Upper half of the Miocene, Jacalitos, and Etchegoin
formations, usually in the basal Etchegoin. ;

Genus PLACUNANOMIA ® Broderip.

PLACUNANOMIA CALIFORNICA Nn. sp.
Plate XXIV, figures 2, 2a, and 3.

Deservption.—Shell averaging about 65 millimeters in length, sub-
circular in outline, inequivale, compressed. Right valve irregular,
somewhat convex, the surface sculptured by numerous small, thread-
like, rugose, radiating ridges and several lamine of growth; byssal
foramen, though closed, leaves an oblique semicovered pit near the
beak; two strong elevated rough crests—the auricular crura—di-
verge from the beak at a very acute angle; immediately behind the
auricular crura is the broadly V-shaped scar of the byssal muscle,
on each side of which is a deeply impressed groove, and in the mid-
dle of which is an oblique V-shaped pit which was once connected
with the external pit forming the byssal foramen; adductor scar sub-
circular to irregular and equal in diameter to over one-third the
length of shell. Left valve flat to slightly concave; surface sculpture
similar to but less prominent than that of right valve; a broad V-
shaped socket, into which the crura of the right valve fits, occupies
the area below the beaks; adductor scar same as in right valve.
_ Dimensions.—Altitude 66 mm.; latitude 60 mm.; diameter of
§ both valves together, 17 mm.
_ Notes.—This rare shell, of which the type, paratype, and a frag-
ment are the only specimens so far known, is characterized by the
etc auricular crura of the right valve and V-shaped socket of
e left. Its external sculpture is quite similar to certain specimens
Pododesmus (Monia) macroschisma Deshayes, found Recent and
fossil on the Pacific coast. The only other member of the genus
nanomia on the Pacific coast is the Recent P. cumingi Reeve,
yof the Recent Gulf of California province, which is characterized by
one or two very strong plications. P. californica is thinner and more
| nearly circular in outline than P. plicata Tuomey and Holmes, of the
upper Miocene of the Carolinas; it also has radial sculpture, which

@See Dall, W. Ii., Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3, pt. 4, pp. 770-771, for deseription of this genus.

76 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

is lacking in the latter. It is named in honor of the State of
California.
Type.—Right valve, catalogue No. 165546, U.S.N.M.
Paratype.—Left valve, same number. .
Locality.—United States Geological Survey locality 4715, south
end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E., Coalinga district.
(O. D. Barton; Ralph Arnold.) ;
Horizon.—Upper portion, Etchegoin formation, upper a

Genus PECTEN Miiller.
Subgenus PLAGIOCTENIUM Dall.

PECTEN (PLAGIOCTENIUM) DESERTI Conrad.

Plate X XVI, figures 3 and 4.
i
1855. Pecten deserti Conrad, Descr. Fos. and Shells, House Doc. 129, July, 1855, p. a
(fide Dall).
1856. Pecten deserti Conrad, Pacific R. R. flepist vol. 5, 1856, p. 325, pl. 5. fig. 41.
1888. Pecten deserti Conrad, Cooper, Seventh Ann. Rept. California State Mineralogist,
for 1887, p. 257.
1894. Pecten (Plagioctenium) deserti Conrad, Dall, Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci.
vol. 3, pt. 4, 1898, p. 703.
1906. Pecten ( Plager eee Conrad, Arnold, Prof. Paper U.S. Geol. Surved
No. 47, 1906, p. 85, pl. 26, figs. 1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, and 4a.

Notes.—Some of the specimens of this species from the Kettleman
Hills (locality 4715) are indistinguishable from individuals from the
type locality on Carrizo Creek, San Diego County. The Kettlemang
Hill specimens vi ary in size Hicneat anh. the largest one in hané
attaining an altitude of over 50 millimeters. .A prominent charac:
teristic which is developed in some of the Carrizo Creek shells, but is
more common in the Kettleman Hills individuals, is the occurrence
of one to three radiating lines or riblets in the bottom of each inter
space or on the lower portions of the ribs in the later stages of growth
There is also a noticeable tendency for the disks to become contractet
or show lines of interrupted growth from a diameter of about 2
millimeters upward.

ligured specimens.—Catalogue No. 165518, U.S.N.M., from locality
4715

Localities. —In the Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene, Coaling:
district, at United States Geological Survey locality 4712, east 4
Zapato Creek, three-fourths mile south- southwest of A. Kreyen
hagen’s house, SW. } SE. } sec. 8, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. (Fresno County,
locality 4715, south end of Reitlaman Hills, sec. 10, 7. 25 S., I 19
(Kings County). In the Carrizo Creek beds, upper Miocene, San Diegi

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. ree

ounty, at east end of Carrizo Mountain, and at Ulsa oil well, north
f the Mexican boundary (Conrad; H. W. Fairbanks; S. Bowers:
. C. Mendenhall).

_Horizon.—Upper Miocene.

so

Subgenus CHLAMYS Bolten.
ECTEN (CHLAMYS) WATTsI Arnold var. ETCHEGOINI F. M. Anderson.

905. Pecten etchegoini Anderson, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2,
p. 198, pl. 18, figs. 92-93, Dec. 4, 1905.

906. Pecten (Chlamys) wattsi var. morani Arnold, Prof. Paper U. 8. Geol. Survey
No. 47, 1906, pp. 121-122, pl. 10, figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6.

This variety is characterized by a lack of the concentric constric-
ions common in the typical form. As Anderson’s name antedates
he writer’s variety morani, it will have to replace the latter. (See
1. XXVII, figs. 1 and 2, for typical P. wattsi Arnold.)
Localities.—United States Geological Survey locality 4712, east
ide Zapata Creek, three-fourths mile south-southwest of A. Kreyen-
agen’s house, Coalinga district, Fresno County, SW. 4 SE. } sec. 8,
22S., R. 16 E. (F. M. Anderson; Ralph Arnold and Robert Ander-
on). JT. H. Moran’s place, SW. } sec. 14, T. 20S., R. 12 E., Priest
alley, Monterey County (Homer Hamlin and Ralph Arnold).

Genus OSTREA Linnzus.
OSTREA VESPERTINA Conrad.

Plate XXIV, figures 4 and 5.

853. Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Jour. Philadelphia Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 2,
p. 300, Jan., 1853.

856. Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Pacific R.R. Repts., vol. 5, p. 325-326, pl. 5, figs. 36,
37, 38.

869. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Pal. California, vol. 2, pp. 34, 106, pl. LI, fig. 59.

869. Ostrea vespertina Gabb, Pal. California, vol. 2, p. 107.

888. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Cooper, Seventh Ann. Rept., California State Mineralogist,
p. 256.

888. Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Cooper, ibid., p. 256.

895. Ostrea haitensis Dall (not Sowerby, 1850), Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3,
pt. 4, p. 685 (California references only).

907. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Arnold, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, June 15, 1907,
p. 544, pl. 49, fig. 1.

907. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Arnold, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Survey No. 309, Oct. 23, 1907,
p. 250, pl. 39, fig. 1, .

907. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Arnold, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 50, pt. 4, Dec. 13,
1907, p. 445, pl. 56, fig. 10.

8. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Arnold, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No, 322, Jan. 4, 1908,
p. 148, pl. 23, fig. 10.

78 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

*

Description.—This species attains a length of about 70 to 80 milli-
meters, and is characterized by its oblong to subfalcate outline,
Stgcrik plaited surface of both valves, and more or less prominent
beaks.

; latitude 38 mm.; diameter of

single valve, 17 mm.

Notes.—-The writer can not agree with Dall? in assigning O. vespertina
Conrad and O. veatchii Gabb to the synonymy of O. haitensis Sowerby,
although it is evident to the most casual observer that O. vespertina
and O. veatchii are the same species. The association of each of these
last two with faunas having several other species in common adds
weight to the argument that the beds on Carrizo Creek from which
O. vespertina were originally described, and the beds along the Pacific
coast of California and Lower California, where O. veatchu are abun-
dant, are not far separated geologically. ;

An examination of the material in the United States National
Museum discloses the following facts as interpreted by the writer:
O. ves pertina is smaller, relatively much narrower, and usually more
faleate in outline and carries plaits more regular in size and generally
fewer in number than O. haitensis. The forme occurs in the upper.
Miocene and lower Pliocene on the Pacific coast, while the latter is
found in the Oligocene of the West Indies and Florida.

O. vespertina is, however, very closely allied to O. sculpturata
Conrad, which occurs ® in the Miocene from Virginia to Florida and
in the Pliocene of South Carolina and Florida. . O. vespertina is dis-
tinguished from O. atwoodi Gabb, from the lower Etchegom, by its 7
fewer but more prominent plications and by the sculptured condition:
of both valves instead of one, as in the latter.

Specimens figured.—Catalogue No. 165536, U.S.N.M., from
locality 4715.

Localities.—Carrizo Creek, San Diego County, at localities 2673,
3921, and 3922 (W. C. Mendenhall; Stephen Bowers); near Camulos,
Ventura County (W. L. Watts); Coalinga district, Fresno, Kings,
and Kern counties; loc ley 4708, in Arca bed, 4 miles southeast ®)
the northwest end of Kettleman Hills, east side of sec. 32, T. 21 S.,
R. 17 E.; locality 4711, in layer 50 feet above Arca bed at same
locality as 4758; locality 4712, east of Zapato Creek, three-fourths
mile south-southwest of A. Kreyenhagen’s house, SW. } SE. } sec. 8,
T. 228., R. 16 E.; locality 4715, south end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10,
T. 25 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4722, in upper Mya bed, three-fourths’
mile southeast of A. Kreyenhagen’s, northwest corner of sec. 16,
T. 22.S., R. 16 E.; locality 4728, just below Anodonta bed, on northll
east border of Ke ttleman Hills, nearly 6 miles east-southeast of
northwest end of hills, in north part of sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.;

4 Dall, W. H., op. elt., p. 685. b Dall, W. U., op. eit., p. 686.

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 79

] ’ ality 4758, near top of section at Henry Spring, 4 miles south of
Coalinga, SW. } sec. 18, T. 21S., R. 15 E.; locality 4778, oyster bed,
- below ia bed, | aeeebs mile southeast of A. Kreyen-
agen’s house, west side of sec. 9, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. (Ralph Arnold
and Robert Anderson). Upper Miocene.
_ Cerros Island, and near Loreto, Lower California (Dr. J. A. Veatch);
Pacific Beach, Russ School, San Diego well, San Diego County
(Henry Remphil WH: Dall; Homer Hinseliny Delos a Ralph
Arnold, and others); Third street tunnel, ho Angeles oil wells,
Brown hn. Los Angeles County Glen Hamlin; W. L. Watts);
locality 4473, Waldorf asphalt mine, 3 miles south-southeast of
Guadalupe; and locality 4474, railroad cut 1 mile north of Schumann,
Santa Barbara County (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson). Lower
Pliocene.
Horizon.—Upper portion of Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene;
lower portion of Fernando formation, which extends from the upper
Miocene to the Pleistocene; San Diego formation, lower Pliocene.

OSTREA VESPERTINA Conrad var. SEQUENS DN. Var,
Plate X XIX, figures 5 and 6.

_ Deseription.Shell averaging about 42 millimeters in length, sub-
circular in outline, irregular, plaited, usually with three major plaits,
each of these sometimes sulcate or divided into minor plaits; folia-
eous lines of growth not as prominent as in many species of Ostrea;
beak prominent, curved toward right when viewed from exterior.
Right valve nearly flat or only slightly folded, the plaits practically
obsolete; incremental laminz as in left valve; hinge not strong, sub-
dentate laterally in left valve; muscle scars prominent.
_ Dimensions —Longitude 45 mm.; latitude 43 mm.; diameter of
both valves together, about 15 mm.
§ Notes.—This species is smaller, thinner, more circular in outline,
and decidedly less plaited than the typical O. vespertina. The rien
valve of O. vespertina var. sequens is less ornate than the same valve
in O. vespertina. O. vespertina var. sequens is found in the beds at the
extreme top of the Etchegoin formation and lived during the period
f unstable conditions, when the great inland sea of Etchegoin time
was giving place to the great fresh-water Tulare lake which fol-
lowed. The waters during this period of change were doubtless
#transformed from salt through brackish to fresh, and the poor devel-
opment of this oyster, which, though living in great numbers, never
attained the size of its predecessor, O. vespertina, was doubtless due
| i" this rene oye ae There is evidence an to ae sh

80 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

of the differences between the typical and varietal form. O. vesper-
tina lived in decidedly marine conditions, and is found in beds imme-
diately underlying those in which the variety occurs. The fact that
the variety is found in beds younger than those in which the typical
form abounds led to the adoption of the varietal name, sequens.
The shells of this variety are gathered in large quantities and used for
chicken feed by the residents of this region.

Type.—Left valve, catalogue No. 165545, U.S.N.M., from locality
4728.

Localities.—United States Geological Survey locality 4702, south-
central part of Kettleman Hills, 54 miles N. 20° W. of Light’s place,
NW. 1 NW. } sec. 25, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.; locality 4716, near north
end of Kettleman Hills, 17 miles north-northwest of 1,244-foot hill,
in bed below flinty white shale, east of center of SW. } sec. 20, T.
21S., R. 17 E.; locality 4718, main ridge of Kettleman Hills, central
part, 8 miles northwest of Light’s place, east side of sec. 11, T. 237
S., R. 18 E.; locality 4723, south group of Kettleman Hills, in Mya
bed, one-half mile east-southeast of Light’s place; south side of —
SE. 1 sec. 17, T. 248., R. 19 E.; locality 4725, east side of Kettleman
Hills, immediately west of where Dudley-Lemoore road enters plain
west of Tulare Lake, SW. corner of sec. 8, T. 23 8., R. 19 E.; locality
4728, just below Anodonta bed on northeast border of Kettleman
Hills, nearly 6 miles east-southeast of northwest end, in north part of
sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon.—Extreme top of the Etchegoin formation, upper Mio-
cene, just below Tulare bed (Anodonta fresh-water bed).

Genus GLYCYMERIS Da Costa.

GLYCYMERIS COALINGENSIS DN. sp.

Plate XIX, figure 3. i

1905. Pectunculus septentrionalis Anderson (not Middendorf), Proc. California Acad.
Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 197, pl. 17, figs. 86, 87, not text. j

Description. Adult shell averaging about 40 millimeters in altitude,
suborbicular in outline, equivalve, moderately convex, beaks central,
surface radiately ribbed. Beaks small, projecting only slightly
beyond dorsal margin; anterior dorsal margin sloping slightly more
steeply than posterior. Surface sculptured by 34 well-defined,
squarish, radiating ribs, separated by canal-like interspaces, each about
as wide as a rib; the ribs and interspaces become narrower and finally
obsolete near the anterior and posterior margins, and also flatten out
and become less regular and less well defined in the later stages of
vrowth; the incremental lines are imbricating, sharp and wavy, and,
where the surface is slightly worn, loop downward in more or less

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 81

regular festoons in the interspaces, this being one of the unique
aracteristics of the species. Ligamental area divaricately and
sh arply striate. Hinge with a semicircular row of transverse teeth,
which in the adult shen are partially obliterated by encroachment of
‘the ligamental area; the anterior portion of the hinge usually carries
1 or 2 more teeth Giawike posterior.

Dimensions.—Altitude 42 mm.; latitude 42 mm.; diameter of both
valves together, 22.5 mm.

Notes.—The separation of the different forms of this genus is usually
attended with much difficulty and uncertainty, owing to the worn
condition of the surface in most specimens, especially in those avail-
able for study. A comparison of G. coalingensis with some of the
recent and fossil species in the collections of the National Museum
discloses the following differences: G. coalingensis is relatively
smaller, higher, and more convex and has relatively higher but
narrower ribs than G. gabbi Dall from the Empire formation at
Coos Bay; it is more convex and has less prominent beaks, but
more and narrower ribs than G. conradi Dall from the Empire beds,
Coos Bay; it closely resembles G. grewingki Dall from the Coos
Bay Empire beds, but has much wider interspaces and relatively
varrower and taller mbs than the latter and lacks the fine super-
ficial radial striz; it is smaller, more symmetrical, and has entirely
Ndifferent sculpture from G. branneri Arnold from the Vaqueros,
lower Miocene, of the Coast Ranges; it differs from the recent
. septentrionalis Middendorf by its larger size, more symmetrical
outline, and wider interspaces, and also in lacking the superficial
adial strize of this last-mentioned species and also of the Recent
. intermedia Broderip and the Pleistocene G. barbarensis Conrad; it
also less convex and more symmetrical and has wider interspaces
an either of the latter. A recent shell in a box labeled G. sep-
mtrionalis Middendorf var. subobsoletus Carpenter (U.S.N.M.
atalogue No. 15475), from Neah Bay, Washington, has the widely
separated ribs of G. coalingensis, but is narrower than the latter
Yhnd has its anterior dorsal margin sloping more steeply. The
! spe iesisnamed in honor of the Coalinga district, in which it is found

vbundantly at several localities.

Ty pe.—Catalogue No. 165526, U.S.N.M., from locality 4806.

"Localities —United States Geological Survey locality 4656, lowest
Mtchesoin bed, in SW. } sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.; locality
1661, Glycymeris bed, in NW. } sec. 29, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.; locality

1664, north side of White Creek about 5 miles northwest of junction
4 vith Los Gatos Creek; locality 4672, northeast nose of 1,200-foot
| ‘id ie, four-fifths mile north-northwest of prominent hill on south

le of Alcalde Canyon, 34 miles south-southwest of Coalinga, center
pese66—Bull , 396—09——6

7%
¥
;
i

|
h 3

82 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

of SE. } sec. 18, T. 21S.,R. 14 E.; locality 4750, station “g’” om
ridge on south side of Garza Creek, SW. } sec. 36, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.;
locality 4756, bed ‘‘A,”’ near Henry Spring, 4 miles south of Coalinga,
SW. 1 sec. 18, T. 21S., R. 15 E.; locality 4758, bed “‘C,” 500 fear
stratigraphically above bed ‘‘A,” same locality as 4756; locality
4762, three-fourths mile east of Elmer Frame’s house, in Waltham
Valley, 13 miles southwest of Coalinga; locality 4806, Glycymeris
bed on north side Alcalde Canyon, 2 miles northeast of Alcalde,
center of SW. } sec. 7, T. 21S., R. 15 E.; all in the Coalinga district
(Ralph Arnold, F. M. Aadercon and Reheat Anderson).

Horizon.—Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene, usually in the
basal portions.

GLYCYMERIS SEPTENTRIONALIS Middendorf.

Plate XX, figures 3 and 3a.

1849. Pectunculus septentrionalis Middendortf, Beitr. Mal. Ross, vol. 3, p. 67, pl. 21,
figs. 1 to 3.

1856. Pectunculus septentrionalis Middendorf, Carpenter, Brit. Assn. Rept., 1856
p. 219. 7

1903. Glycymeris septentrionalis Middendorf, Arnold, Mem. California Acad. Sci.
vol. 3, 1903, p. 101, pl. 18, fig. 10.

1905. Pectunculus septentrionalis Middendorf, Anderson, Proc. California Acad. Sci.
3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 197. (Not pl. 17, figs. 86, 87= -G. coalinge
Arnold, n. sp.)

This species, which is found living in the Strait of Juan de Fue
and northward, is characterized by its subangular outline, Re
ribs, and minute superficial radial striez. It is smaller than G,
coalingensis and less symmetrical in outline. G. grewingki Dall from
the Empire formation at Coos Bay is very closely related to G,
septentrionalis, the only points of difference being the slightly large1
size, slightly less angular anterior extremity, and the 5 or 6 moref
ribs of the former. ,

Figured specumen.—Catalogue No. 165527, U.S.N.M., from localit;
4806. x

Localities.—In the Etchegoin: Coalinga district at United State
Geological Survey locality 4657; bed just above bed “A,” near sout!
side of SW. 1 sec. 34, T. 19 Ss, R15 His locality 4659, Anticline Ridge
} miles northwest of Kenny bench mark and 6 miles northeast ¢
Coalinga; locality 4660, Glycymeris bed, about 24 miles west ¢
Coalinga; locality 4662, basal Etchegoin beds at north edge of Whit
Creek basin, one-half mile west of White Creek and three-fourtl
mile southwest of Michigan Oil Company’s well, center of NW. 4 se
16, T, 19S., R. 13 E.; locality 4673, at elevation of 1,600 feet ¢
ridge on west side of prominent hill 1 mile southeast of Alealde, ce
ter of NE. } sec, 24, T, 218., R. 14 E.; locality 4684, south-centr

; ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 83
?

on

"=

part of Kettleman Hills, about 11 miles northwest of Light’s place,
center of SW. { sec. 35, T. 22S., R. 18 E.; locality 4806, Glycymeris
bed on north side of Alcalde Canyon, 2 miles northeast of Alcalde,
center of SW. 3 sec. 7, T. 21S., R. 15 E. (F. M. Anderson, Ralph
nold, and Robert Anderson.)
In the upper San Pedro formation: Pleistocene, at San Pedro, Cal.
(Delos and Ralph Arnold); Recent from Strait of Fuca north to
kamok Island and coast of Alaska (Carpenter, J. G. Swan, and
others).

Horizon.—Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene; San Pedro for-
nation, Pleistocene; Recent.

if

GASTEROPODA.
Genus CALLIOSTOMA Swainson.

CALLIOSTOMA COALINGENSIS Ni. sp.
Plate XX VII, figure 7.

Description.—Shell averaging about 20 millimeters in altitude,
rochiform, conical, not umbilicated; apex subacute. Whorls five
br six, moderately convex, enlarging rapidly anteriorly, the body
Wwhorl being nearly twice as wide as the penultimate whorl; a narrow
evolving band at the top of the whorl gives it a faint tabulate appear-
nce; body whorl flat to slightly concave above, moderately sharply
Wngulated below. The sculpture of the penultimate whorl usually
Wonsists of about five sharp revolving ridges or lines, the upper and
middle ones the more prominent; the ribs above the middle of the
horl, especially the uppermost one, are often more or’ less nodose;
he interspaces are concave, smooth, and each usually carries a fine

Mions of the surface; sculpture of other whorls similar to that of
penultimate except number of spiral ridges variable. The suture is

p simple; columella concealed in type.
i Dimensions.—Altitude 21 mm.; latitude 20 mm.; altitude of body
horl, 15 mm.; altitude of aperture, 10 mm.
Notes.—This species is closely allied to the Recent Calliostoma cos-

vhorls, narrower, more numerous, more markedly unequal, and often
iigthly nodose revolving ribs. It is named after the Coalinga
istrict.

W Type.—Catalogue No. 165499, U.S.N.M., from United States Geo-
ibgical Survey locality 4758,

84 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

iy

Localities —United States Geological Survey locality 4710, second
ravine branching north from Zapato Creek, below A. Kreyenhagen’s
place, west-central part of NE. 4 sec. 5, T. 22S., R. 16 E.; locality
4758, bed “C,” immediately east of Henry Spring, 4 miles south)
of Coalinga, SW. 1 sec. 18, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold and
Robert Anderson). g

Horizon.—Pecten coalingaensis horizon near top of Etchegoin for-
mation, upper Miocene.

CALLIOSTOMA KERRI N. sp.
Plate XX VII, figure 6.

Description.—Shell averaging about 18 millimeters in altitude,
trochiform, conical, not umbilicated, spizal sculpture nodose; apex
subacute. Whorls five, with straight sloping sides, enlarging rapidly
anteriorly, the body whorl being nearly twice as wide as the penul
timate whorl; the angle of the body whorl is quite sharp and the
base nearly flat. The sculpture consists of more or less nodost
revolving ridges; on the penultimate whorl of the type are fo
major ridges, and intercalaries between each pair of these excep
the bottom pair; there are also the same number of major ridges 0:
the body whorl but the intercalaries are more nearly equal to them
and an intercalary also appears between the lower pair; the uppe
two ridges are usually more nodose than the lower. The suture 1
moderately impressed and very distinct, giving the top of the whorl},
a semitabulate appearance and the base an excavated aspect; thé}
base of the body whorl is ornamented by about nine concent
ridges, the outer three or four and the inner two are the most promi}
nent and somewhat rougher than the remainder, which are squarish};
and partly smooth; occasional intercalaries and numerous micro}
scopic revolving striz occur between the ribs on the base; fine incréfj,
mental lines are visible over most of the surface of the shell. Apenj,,
ture subquadrangular; lips simple, thin; columella simple and maj},
possibly be toothed in front.

Dimensions.—Altitude, 18.5 mm.; latitude, 19 mm.; altitude
body whorl, 13 mm.; altitude of aperture, 8 mm.

Notes.—This species is closely allied to the recent C. variegat Me
Carpenter (range, Strait of Fuca to Point Conception) from whi in
it may be distinguished by its relatively broader outline, more neat Ny
flat base, less prominently nodose revolving sculpture, and smallif;

(i
| a

and smoother concentric ribs on the base; also by the greater in hi,
quality between the outer and inner basal ribs on the one hand aif, |’
the intermediate ones on the other. It is named in honor of Jud} w
W. Hi. Kerr, Coalinga, Cal., who has assisted the writer during f fl ik
investigations in this district. ;

mi

ders

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. i 85

Type.—Catalogue No. 165500, U.S.N.M., from locality 4758.

Localities.—United States Geological Survey locality 4693, south-
central part of Kettleman Hills, about 9? miles northwest of Light’s
place, SW. 4 NE. i sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.; locality 4712, east of
apato Creek and three-fourths mile south-southwest of A. Kreyen-
agen’s home, SW. } SE. } sec. 8, T. 225., R. 16 E.; locality 4758,
immediately east of Henry Spring, 4 miles south of Coalinga, in bed
PA,” SW. i sec. 18, T. 21S., R. 15 E., all in the Coalinga district
(Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).
Horizon.—Upper portion of Etchegoin formation, upper Micoene.

; Genus TURRITELLA Lamarck.
TURRITELLA VANVLECKI 0. sp.
Plate X XII, figure 3.

Deservption.—Adult shell at least 75 millimeters in length, elon-

ated, with acute apex. Whorls 10 or more, regularly and moder-
tely convex, the convexity becoming accentuated near each margin
here it bows over into the suture, thus giving the whorls a narrow
abulate appearance above and below. Sculpture consists of five
quidistant rounded revolving ribs, the middle one of which is
lightly more prominent than the others, and a single rounded riblet
each interspace; oblique lines of growth are noticeable in the later
horls, but are invisible in the earlier stages of growth. Suture
eeply impressed. Aperture between rounded and subquadrate in
utline; lip simple; columella short and not flattened.

Dimensions—Type, which is broken: Longitude 57 mm.; latitude
1 mm.; longitude of body whorl, 22 mm.; longitude of aperture,
0 mm.

Notes.—This species, of which the type is poorly preserved, is
haracterized and may be distinguished by its deeply impressed
uture, regularly and moderately convex whorls, and regular spiral
culpture. It reminds one more of certain varieties of Turritella
vasana Conrad, from the Eocene, than any other of the west coast
ertiary species, although it may readily be separated from the latter
y its intercalated riblets. It is named in honor of Robert Van
eck Anderson, Menlo Park, Cal., the writer’s collaborator in the
ork in the Coalinga district.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165496, U.S.N.M.

Locality.— United States Geological Survey locality 4658, Anticline
idge, northeast of Coalinga and 34 miles northwest of Kenny bench
ark, in NE. } sec. 3, T. 20 S., R. 15 FE. (Ralph Arnold and Robert
derson); 3 miles north of Bradley, Monterey County (Robert
derson).

Horizon.—Near the base of the Etchegoin formation, upper
locene.

86 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.
Genus LITTORINA Ferussac.

LITTORINA MARIANA DN. sp.

Plate X XIX, figure 1.

Description.—Shell averaging about 15 millimeters in altitude, tur-9
binated, thick, pointed. Whorls four, moderately convex, enlarging}
rapidly anteriorly, the whole body being almost twice as wide as the
penultimate;, a faint spiral groove adorns each whorl immediately
in front of the suture and gives the shell a slightly tabulate appear-
ance. The sculpture consists of very faint incremental lines and
about seven or eight narrow impressed lines, separated by much
broader smooth bands, these latter sometimes carrying faint spiral
sculpture. Suture appressed and _ distinct. Aperture rounded
outer lip acute, and having a slightly flaring appearance when viewed
from within; columella rather flattened and imperforate.

Dimensions.—Altitude 14.5 mm.:; latitude 11.5 mm.; altitude of
body whorl, 10.2 mm.; altitude of aperture, 8.5 mm.

Notes.—This species is characterized by its large size as compared
with many members of the genus, by its spiral sculpture, and by its
extreme variability in height. It is very closely allied to L. grandis
Middendorf, but may be distinguished from the latter by its some
what slenderer form and coarser sculpture. Its affinity to this
northern species is evidence in favor of subboreal conditions in the
Coalinga region during the late Miocene. L. mariana is also closely
related to L. petricola Dall, from Fossil Rock, Coos Bay, Oregon, but
may be distinguished from the latter by its smaller size, thinner shell,
slenderer outline, and less prominent spiral sculpture. L. mariana
is usually associated with Mya japonica Jay, Macoma inquinata
Deshayes, and Ostrea vespertina Conrad var. sequens n. var. Named
in honor of Mrs. Maria M. Kreyenhagen, Coalinga, Cal., who has
materially assisted the writer in making collections from this region.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165481, U.S.N.M., from U. S. G. S. locality
4718. 7

Localities.—United States Geological Survey locality 4701, south-
east-central part of Kettleman Hills, on Dudley-Lemoore road, 3%
miles northeast of Light’s place, sec. 17, T. 23 S., R. 19 E.; locality
1715, south end of Kettleman Hills, in sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E.;
locality 4718, main ridge of Kettleman Hills, central part, on ‘sum-
mit of 1,020-foot hill, 8 miles northwest of Light’s place, east side of

sec. 11, T. 23.5., R. 18 E.; locality 4720, south side of 555-foot hill,
! mile due north of Light’s place, in center of SW. 4 sec. 8, T. 245S.,

4
R. 19 E.; locality 4722, south side of Zapato Creek, } mile southeast
of A. Kreyenhagen’s place, northwest corner of sec. 16, T. 22 S., R.

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 87

16 E.; locality 4723, south group of Kettleman Hills, on point one-
half mile east-southeast of Light’s place, south side of SE. 4 sec. 17, T.
2458., R. 19 E.; locality 4724, main ridge, south group of Keren
Hills, eeetaiehths mile sinthesse of Teh s place, NW. 4 SE. 4 sec.
20, T. 24S., R. 19 E.; locality 4730, central part of mem lorian Hills,
on summit of 1,030-foot hill on main ridge, 9} miles northwest of
Light’s place, center of sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.; all in Coalinga dis-
trict (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson, 1907).

Horizon.—Upper Mya horizon at top of Etchegoin formation, top
of upper Miocene.

LITTORINA MARIANA Var. ALTA N. Var.
Plate X XIX, figure 2.

Description.—This variety differs from the typical mariana in hav-
ing a much higher spire, less convex whorls, and usually less promi-
nently spirally sculptured body whorl.

Dimensions.—Altitude 17 mm.; latitude 10.4 mm.; altitude of
body whorl, 12 mm.; altitude of aperture 9 mm.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165487, U.S.N.M., from United States
3) Geological Survey locality 4730, in central part of Kettleman Hills, 94
miles northwest of Light’ s bes center of sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 EH,
§ Coalinga district.

§ Localities —Associated with Littorina mariana n. sp. at the locali-
#} ties mentioned under that species. (See preceding page.)

Genus TROPHON Montfort.
Subgenus FORRERIA Jousseaume, 1880.

TROPHON (FORRERIA) COALINGENSE DN. Sp.
Plate XXII, figure 4.

| Description—Adult shell attaining over 75 millimeters in length,
‘J oblong, oval to fusiform, spire tall, apex subacute. Whorls, five or
more, sharply angulate a little anterior to middle, tabulate above,,
‘ very eey convex ok Se Cee consists of numerous ate

di irregular in ft and less pulses te on ve body whorl; the varices
| become faintly spinose on the angle, this characteristic being more
| pronounced in the later stages of growth, especially on the body
| whorls of adults; at the base of the body whorl is a very pronounced
a I stricture or canal, in which the lines of growth protrude as much as
15 millimeters toward the front; the body whorl usually carries three

88 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

or four prominent sharp spiral ridges above this stricture. Aperture
ovate; outer lip simple; canal turned toward left; columella sulcate-
at base.

Dimensions.—Of imperfect type, longitude 65 mm. ; latitude 45 mm.

Notes.—This fine species, which appears to be the descendant of
T. (Forreria) ponderosum Gabb, resembles 7. stuartt Smith in cer-—
tain external characteristics. It differs from the former in its smaller
size, slenderer outline, more numerous and less spinose varices and —
the prominent spiral ridge near base of whorl; it differs from 7.
stuarti in being larger in size, broader in outline, and in having more
numerous but generally less elevated varices. |

Named for the Coalinga district, in which it is believed to be char-_
acteristic of the Etchegoin formation.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165540, U.S.N.M., from locality 4857. ,

Localities —United States Geological Survey locality 4749, on
ridge on south side of Garza Creek, at station “f,’”’ in NE. } sec. 1,
T. 23S., R. 16 E.; locality 4857, extreme southeastern end of Kettle-
man Hills, in secs. 11 and 12, T. 25S., R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold and™
Robert Anderson).

Horizon.—Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus NASSA Lamarck.

NASSA CALIFORNIANA Conrad var. COALINGENSIS N. var.
Plate XX VII, figure 9.

Description.—Shell averaging from 30 to 35 millimeters in length —
and having the general characteristics of outline and cancellate sculp-_
ture of the typical NV. californiana, but being slenderer, constricted
below the sutural riblet in the later stages of growth, having more
prominently tabulate whorls, and having practically no axial sculp- —
ture on the major part of the body whorl. .

Dimensions.—Longitude 32 mm.; latitude 16 mm.; longitude of
body whorl 21.5 mm.; longitude of aperture, including canal, 16 mm.

Notes.—This elongated, peculiarly constricted variety is found
replacing the typical form in certain of the Etchegoin faunas of the~
Coalinga district. A similar variety is known from other localities —
outside the Coalinga region.

T'ype.—Catalogue No. 165511, U.S.N.M., from locality 4758.

Localities.—United States Geological Survey locality 4657, near —
south side of the SW. 4 sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4659, in
Glycymeris bed, on Anticline Ridge, northeast of Coalinga and 4 miles
northwest of Kenny bench mark, SW. } sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 B.;
locality 4670, Kettleman Hills, at southernmost end, 54 miles south-
east of Light’s place, in center of sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E.; locality
4673,0n ridge west of 1,900-foot hill, 1 mile southeast of Alealde, center

‘aa

eT ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 89
of NE. 7 sec. 24, T. 21S., R. 14 E.; locality 4712, east of Zapato
Creek, Mishalf mle Pee asaihwest Of Ac Weeetahaeens house,
SW. z SE. 7 sec. 8, T. 22S., R.16 E.; locality 4758, bed “C,” near top
EGion at Beicy paoae 4 miles ean of Coalinga, SW. 4 sec. 18,
P. 21 5., R. 15 E.; all in the Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold and
SAR Robert Bederson).

_ Horizon. —Ranges through Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene,

Oo
J

Genus THAIS Link.

THAIS ETCHEGOINENSIS N. sp.
Plate XVIII, figure 2.

__ Description. —Shell averaging about 40 millimeters in length,
| oblong-oval in shape, last whorl large, spire short, apex subacute,
“shell thick. Whorls five, very moder ately convex, slightly com-
FE pressed a little above aaidie, giving whorls a faint carinate appear-
: nee. Sculpture consists of well-defined incremental lines sloping
‘downward obliquely toward the right; very faint spiral sculpture is
‘visible on the lower half of the body whorl, becoming quite distinct
|at the base of the canal. Suture distinct, appressed. Aperture oval,
Miroadest anteriorly; outer lip slightly flaring, subdentate internally;
inner lip smooth; columella flattened, showing an umbilical groove
yetween lip and acted carina of columella. Canal short, curved
backward from aperture.
Dimensions.—Décolleté type: Longitude 38 mm.; latitude 28 mm.;
Jongitude of body whorl 32 mm.; longitude of aperture, including
canal, 24 mm.
_ Notes.—This solid little shell is closely allied to the variable T.
erispatus Chemnitz (commonly known as Purpura crispata), but is
much smoother than any of the specimens of the latter species found
in the large series in the United States National Museum. It is also
E nore solid and has a relatively shorter canal than most of the speci-
mens of 7’. crispatus examined. It is distinguishable from 7’. tran-
cosana Arnold, from the Pliocene of the Santa Cruz Mountains, by its
more convex whorls, less pronounced spiral sculpture, and longer
aperture and canal. It is named in honor of the Etchegoin forma-
tion, of which it is believed to be characteristic.
Bie —Cotalogue No. 165533, U.S.N.M., from locality 4697.
Localities—United States Geological Survey locality 4695, south
foup of Kettleman Hills, about 34 miles S. 65° E. of Light’s place,
NH. 4 SE. 4 sec. 27, T. 24S., R. 19 E.; locality 4697, near south end
| man Hills, about 4 miles 8. 20° E. of Light’s place, on west
de of sec. 3, T. 25S., R. 19 E.; locality 4712, east of Zapato 2 a
: hn ee-fourths mile south-éouthw = of A. Kreyenhagen’s house, SW.
j .} sec. 8, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert ra ae
If I orizon.—Upper portion of Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

7

b
4

|

90 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.
Genus PLEUROTOMA Lamarck.

PLEUROTOMA. COALINGENSIS DN. Sp.
Plate XXII, figure 2.

Description.—Shell averaging about 20 millimeters in length, ter-
riculated, fusiform, prominently spirally and axially sculptured; apex
acute. The whorls are eight or nine in number, prominently angu-—
lated just above the middle, concave and comparatively smooth pos-—
teriorly and overlapping sinuously upon the antecedent whorl; lower
part of whorl convex and strongly sculptured; body whorl sharply
angulated near posterior margin, regularly and moderately convex
below angle. The axial sculpture consists of very prominent, rounded
ribs (10 on penultimate whorl of type), which slope slightly obliquely
from just above the angle downward to the left as far as the suture F
sharp incremental lines are more or less prominent on the body whorl,
and also posterior to the angle on the other whorls. The spiral seulp-
ture on each whorl consists of two prominent rounded ridges, sepa-
rated by an interspace of equal width to the ridges; below these and
sometimes above also, is a less prominent ridge, the lower one some-
times overlapped by the following whorl; the body whorl and col-
umella combined carry about 16 subequal, equidistant prominent
revolving ribs, those on the base of the columella being the smaller.
Aperture narrow, elliptical; posterior sinus very marked; anterior
sinus short and curved backward; outer lip thin, prominently convex
forward, retreating rapidly below; columellar lip smooth, slightly
curved.

Dimensions.—Longitude, 20 mm.; latitude, 8 mm.; longitude of
body whorl 13.5 mm.; longitude of aperture, 10 mm.

Notes.—This beautiful and highly ornate species is quite unlike any
previously described from the Pacific coast. It is characterized by§
its regularly spindle-shaped outline, prominent peripheral angle,f
strong axial and spiral ridging, and sharp, beautifully bowing outerf
lip and deep posterior sinus. Named for the Coalinga district, inf
which the type locality occurs.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165509, U.S.N.M.

Locality.—United States Geological Survey locality 4806, Glycymeri:

center of SW. } sec. 7, T. 21S., R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold).
Horizon.—Basal portion of the Etchegoin formation, upper Mio
cene.,

re TULARE SPECIES. 91
G |
; TULARE (FRESH-WATER PLIOCENE) SPECIES.

3 PELECYPODA.

Genus ANODONTA Cuvier.

ANODONTA KETTLEMANENSIS N. Sp.

Plate XXX, figure 10.
1894. Anodonta decurtata Cooper (not Conrad, Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 6, 1871, p. 200,
pl. 11, fig. 8), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4, May 26, 1894, p. 168,
. pl. 14, figs. 5-8.
1905. Anodonta decurtata Cooper (not Conrad), Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad.
Sci., 3d ser., vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Deservption.—Shell subtrapezoidal in outline, relatively short, aver-
aging about 60 millimeters in longitude by 36 millimeters in latitude,
gibbous, moderately thin. Beaks anterior, turned slightly forward,
inconspicuous. Anterior extremity about one-half as long as pos-
terior, rounded except for extreme end which is only slightly curved
§ for one-fourth width of shell, and meets dorsal margin with a faint
4 suggestion of an angle; surface of anterior extremity noticeably flat-
4 tened; posterior extremity angulated about five-cighths the distance
# from umbo to end and also sharply angular at base; an approxi-
mately straight line joins the two angles; dorsal margin slightly con-
# vex. Surface of umbones, up to latitude of about 5 millimeters, is
4 ornamented by seven or eight prominent rounded, rather irregular

from anterior to posterior extremity, the disconnected ends of what
fappears to be the same rib being irregularly en échelon with each
jother; rest of disk ornamented by numerous fine incremental
jlamellx.. Hinge narrow, frail, without teeth; muscular scars shallow.
= Dimensions.—Longitude, 59 mm.; latitude 36 mm.; diameter of
«both valves together, 25 mm.

| Notes—It is very evident from a comparison of the Kettleman

\decurtata that the former is an entirely different form, and the like-
finess of outline only superficial. A. kettlemanensis is slightly nar-
rower, more attenuated anteriorly, less sharply angular above pos-
}teriorly, and has the beaks considerably farther in advance than A.
jdecurtata. As Conrad’s species is based on a cast, and his figure is
}rather poor, it is impossible to make comparisons regarding the sur-
}face ornamentation of the two.

_ A. ketilemanensis differs from A. oregonensis Lea by its more gibbous
form, more nearly rectangularly truncated posterior extremity, and
}finer crenulations on the umbo; it differs from A. nuttalliana Lea and

<2

a)

92 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

A. californiensis Lea by its more gibbous form and more nearly
rectangularly truncated posterior extremity; it differs from A. wahla-
metensis Lea by its more gibbous form and more nearly rectangularly
truncated posterior extremity, less sharply angulated dorsal posterior
margin, and straight instead of concave posterior end. It is closer
to A. wahlametensis var. exilior Lea, found Recent in the Pacifie
drainage of Mexico, than to any other living species. It is named for
the Kettleman Hills, in which at certain horizons the species occurs
abundantly.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165522, U.S.N.M., from locality 4731.

Localities —United States Geological Survey locality 4721, east
border of Kettleman Hills, 34 miles S. 60° W. of road house at north-
west corner of Tulare Lake, NE. } sec. 15, T. 22 S., R. 18 E.; locality
4731, northeast border of Kettleman Hills, near northwest end, on
top of 905-foot hill, NW. 4+ NE. 4 sec. 35, T. 218., R. 17 E.; locality@:
4732, about 2 miles from the northwest end of Kettleman Hills, on
south side of main ridge, SW. 1 NE. } sec. 30, T. 218., R. 17 E.;
locality 4735, central part of Kettleman Hills, on southwest side, 1
mile southwest of 1,376-foot hill and one-third mile northwest of old
oil derrick, in center of south line of SW. i sec. 19, T. 228., R. 18 E.5
locality 4737, just above Mya bed on east side of south-central part of
Kettleman Hills just east of Dudley-Lemoore road NE. } SW. 4 sec.
17, T. 23.S., R. 19 H.; all in Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold and”
Robert Anderson). |

Horizon.—Basal Tulare, fresh-water Pliocene. ;

Genus GONIDEA Conrad.

GONIDEA COALINGENSIS Nn. sp.

Plate XXX, figure 11.

Description—This species belongs to the same group as Gonidea
angulata Lea, found Recent in the streams of the Pacific States, and
is characterized by its practically obsolete angle, only moderately
angulated posterior dorsal margin (which is fairly regularly con-f
vex), and its slightly concave ventral margin, which, in connection
with the convex posterior dorsal margin, often gives the shell ‘a
faintly faleate appearance. It differs from G. angulata Lea by its
obsolete angle, less ventricose and narrower shell; the beaks of
(/. coalingensis are also more finely undulated than in G. angulata.
It approaches nearest to G. angulata Lea var. haroldi Dall, but is
distinguishable from the latter by its smaller size, less ventricoseg
and much narrower shell, and less angulated posterior dorsal mar-

I
|
|

TULARE SPECIES. 93

gin. It differs from G. coalingensis var. coopert, n. var., by its
narrower and more nearly rectangularly truncated posterior extrem-
ity, rounded rather than angulated posterior dorsal margin, and
shallower excavation in front of beaks.

_ Dimensions—Longitude 73 mm.; maximum latitude 33 mm.;
beak to anterior extremity, 14 mm.; diameter of both valves to-
gether, 16 mm.

Notes.—This species seems to be more common than the variety
cooperi in the localities visited by the writer. It is a beautiful shell,
and at certain places in the Kettleman Hills may be gathered in large
quantities and in a perfect though somewhat fragile state of preser-
vation. Named for the Coalinga district, in which the type locality
is situated.

_ Type.—Catalogue No. 165521, U.S.N.M., perfect pair of valves
from locality 4739.

Localities —United States Geological Survey locality No. 4721,
east border of Kettleman Hills, 34 miles S. 60° W. of road house at
northwest corner of Tulare Lake, bed just below Anodonta layer,

ONE. } sec. 15, T. 22 S., R. 18 E.; locality 4731, east border of Ket-
tleman Hills, near northwest end, on top of 905-foot hill, just above
Oyster bed; NW. + NH. i, sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; locality 4739,
1 mile northwest of Anderson well, 25 miles south of Coalinga, SE. 4
sec. 10, T. 23 S., R. 17 E.; all in Coalinga district. (Ralph Arnold;
Robert Anderson; H. R. Johnson.)

Horizon.—Extreme base of Tulare formation, fresh-water Pliocene.

a

GONIDEA COALINGENSIS Var. COOPERI Nn. var.

1894. Margaritana subangulata Cooper (= Gonidea id.), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d
ser., vol. 4, May 26, 1894, p. 166, pl. 14, figs. 1 to 4.

1891. Not Anodonta angulata var. subangulata Hemphill (= Gonidea id.), in A col-
lector’s notes on variations in shells with some new varieties; Zoe, vol. 1, No.
11, January, 1891, p. 325, pl. 10, figs. 1 and 2.

Description —This variety differs from the typical Gonidea coa-
lingensis n. sp. by its broader and more protracted posterior extrem-
ity, more angulated posterior dorsal margin and deeper excavation
‘in front of beaks. It approaches a little more closely to the Recent
G. angulata Lea var. haroldi Dall. It is named in honor of the late
Dr. J. G. Cooper, of California. ;

Locality and horizon.—This species occurs at the same horizon and
ds associated with the typical form in some of the localities men-
tioned for G. coalingensis.

ie
.

ene

i ada Se

94 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA,
Genus SPHZRIUM Scopoli.
SPH#RIUM COOPERI N. sp.
Plate XXX, figures 2 and 2a.

1894. Spherium dentatum? Haldeman, Cooper, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser.,

vol. 4, May 26, 1894, p. 167.
1905. Spherium dentatum Haldeman, Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad. Sci.,

3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Description.—Shell averaging about 10 millimeters in length, oval,
inflated, especially toward umbones; beaks central or very slightly
in the rear of the middle; anterior extremity slightly more attenuate —
than posterior, which has the faintest suggestion of an angle slightly
above middle; base evenly and moderately rounded; surface of type
somewhat worn, but showing only fine concentric lines from umbo
to periphery. on dinal teeth very small and too much worn in type
to disclose characteristics. |

Dimensions.—Longitude 9.5 mm.; altitude 7.5 mm.; diameter of
single valve, 2.4 mm.

Notes. —This species is more oval and ventricose than S. kettle- ‘
manensis n. sp., has a longer anterior extremity and is relatively 4
broader than S. striatum Tarek (Recent) and more trigonal in {
outline and more inflated near the umbones than S. dentatum Halde- ©
man (Recent). In some respects S. cooperi appears to be more closely d
related to specimens in the National Museum collection labeled —
“Spherivum magnum Sterki, Pleistocene, Arroyo Pecos Las Vegas, ©
New Mexico.” It is named in honor of the late Dr. J. G. Cooper.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165528, U.S.N.M., a somewhat worn right —
valve from locality 4732.

Localities.— United States Geological Survey locality 4731, north-—
east border of Kettleman Hills, near northwest end on top of 905-
foot hill, just above oyster bed, NW. 4 NE. } sec. 35, T. 218., R. 17
E.; locality 4732, about 2 miles from northwest end of Kettleman
Hills, on south side of main ridge, SW. } NE. }sec. 30, T.21S., R.17E.;
both localities in Coalinga district. (Ralph Ar riold; Roam Andersen:
H. R. Johnson.) }

Horizon.—Base of Tulare, fresh-water Pliocene.

2 he

SPHARIUM KETTLEMANENSIS N. Sp.
Plate XXX, figures | and la.

Description.—Shell averaging about 8 millimeters in length, thin,
between oval and trigonal in shape, equivalve, slightly inflated; beaks
well defined, but neither high nor prominent, situated in advance of

TULARE SPECIES, 95

“middle; anterior extremity shorter than posterior and more regu-
larly convex; posterior extremity quite sharply rounded below
“middle; base mederately rounded; the surface of the shell in the
“younger stages up to an altitude of 14 to 2 millimeters is ornamented
by several prominent, sometimes sulcated, concentric ridges; in the
later stages the concentric ridges become finer and closer set. Car-
-dinal teeth small; one posterior bifurcated tooth and one small simple
anterior one in right valve; left valve carries a moderately long
simple posterior tooth, a idcie bifurcated one, and an anterior
rudimentary; lateral teeth compressed, lamelliform, the anterior
shortest. Muscular and pallial impressions concealed in type.

_ Dimensions.—Longitude 8 mm.; altitude 6.5 mm.; diameter of
single valve 1.8 mm.

Notes—This species is different from any of those known and
may be recognized by its subtrigonal outline, compressed form, and
prominent concentric ribbing on umbones. It is probably nearer to
S. striatum Lamarck than to any other described form, but may
be distinguished from the latter by its more advanced umbones,
more trigonal outline and. more compressed form. S. kettlemanensis
is found abundantly in the fresh-water Pliocene Etchegoin forma-
tion, of the Kettleman Hills, after which it is named.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165519, U.S.N.M., left valve, from locality
4731.

Localities United States Geological Survey locality 4731, north-
east border of Kettleman Hills, near northwest end, on top of 905-
foot hill, just above oyster bed, NW.4 NE. } sec. 35, T. 218: Rv1lZ Bs
locality 4732, about 2 miles ate Aasthwent end ee Ketilenaw Hills,
# on south side of main ridge, SW. } NE. } sec. 30, T. 218., R. 17 E.;
both in Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold; Robert Andersen: iis R.
4 Johnson).

Horizon.—Base'of the Tulare formation, fresh-water Pliocene.

GASTEROPODA.
Genus PLANORBIS Guettard.
PLANORBIS VANVLECKI N. sp.
Plate XXX, figures 4 and 4a.

1s04. Valvata virens Cooper (not Tryon), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4,
1 May 26, 1894, p. 167.

| 1905. Valvata virens Cooper (not Tryon), F. M. Anderson, Proc. California Acad.
Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Description. —Shell averaging about 4.5 millimeters in maximum
diameter, the whorls visible both from he e and below. Whorls

Petes Ee, PP OZ 44 —

96 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

four, prominently angulated above and with a faint suggestion of a
sutural ridge along the inner margin; base of whorl flat and triangu-
late, with a faint spiral ridge between the angles in some of the
specimens; incremental sculpture sharply marked both above and
below. Aperture rounded above, subangulate below, retreating
obliquely from top to bottom at an angle of about 45° with the
plane of the base; lip simple; umbilicus deep and relatively narrow.
Dimensions.—Maximum diameter 4.5 mm.; altitude 1.4 mm.
Notes.—This beautiful little species is characterized by its angular
whorls and suggestions of spiral ridging above near the suture, and
below, between the angles. It resembles certain members of the
genus Valvata but has a more oblique aperture and depressed spire
than any examined by the writer. Its nearest affinity is probably
P. opercularis Gould. It is named in honor of Robert Van Vleck
Anderson, United States Geological Survey, the writer's collaborator
in the investigations in the Ghslinee district.
Type.—Catalogue No. 165506, US.N.M., from locality 4731.
Localities—United States Geological Survey locality 4715, south
end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. Gn a mix-
ture (?) of Etchegoin marine and Tulare fresh-water fossils) (Ralph
Arnold and O. D. Barton); locality 4731, northeast border of Kettle-
man Hills, near northwest end on top of 905-foot hill above upper-
most Etchegoin bed, NW. } NE. { sec. 35, T. 21S., R. 17 E.; locality @
4732, about 2 miles from northwest end of Kettleman Hills, on 7
south side of main ridge, 14 miles northwest of 1,245-foot hill, SW. 4
NE. 1} sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; all in Coalinga district (Ralph
Arnold and Robert Anderson).
Horizon.—Base of Tulare, fresh-water Pliocene.

Genus CARINIFEX Binney.

CARINIFEX MARSHALLI N. sp.

Plate XXX, figures 3, 3a and 3b.

1894. Carinifex newberryi Cooper (not Lea), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4,
May 26, 1894, p. 167.

1905. Carinifex newberryi Cooper (not Lea), Anderson, IF’. M., Proc. California Acad,
Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.
Description.—Shell attaining a diameter of 5 millimeters or more,
dextral, nearly planorbiform, the spire being depressed or onl
slightly raised. Whorls 34 or more; the last whorl very large, broad
above, rapidly attenuated below; all whorls convex, even the nuclear;
from about 14 whorls onward a rounded sutural carina is developed
on the inner edge of the whorl; from this carina the surface of the
whorl slopes downward at a low angle, and is often shallowly sulcate

TULARE SPECIES. 97

between the carina and the periphery of the whorl; no outer angle is
developed on the whorls, the upper surface bowing over regularly to
the under surface. The sculpture consists of numerous fine, some-
what unequal incremental lines; no spiral sculpture is visible, although
the somewhat worn condition of the specimens examined may
account for its absence. The suture is V-shaped, profound and
distinct. Umbilicus funnel-shaped; aperture slightly oblique to
plane of spiral axis, subtriangular, broad above, narrowed below;
lip simple, thin.

Dimensions.—Maximum diameter 3.5 mm.; altitude 2 mm.

Notes.—This small species, the largest specimen of which is little
over 5 mm. in diameter, is closely allied to C. newberryi Lea, at present
found living in the lakes of the Pacific and adjacent States. A
careful comparison of C. marshalli with the series of C. newberryi in
the United States National Museum discloses the fact that -the
former is smaller and lacks the flat-topped whorls in the younger
stages of growth and the prominent peripheral angle of the latter,
and usually has the carina on the inner edge of the whorl much more
prominent. Other minor differences are the more involute spire,
the less prominently downward projecting aperture, and the deeper
V-shaped, more-pronounced suture of @. marshalli. The species is
named in honor of William Blanchard Marshall, of the United States
National Museum, whose assistance in many instances is here grate-
fully acknowledged.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165507, U.S.N.M.

Locality United States Gralgaial Survey locality 4732, ‘boat
2 miles from northwest end of Maitlenen Hills, on south side of
main ridge, SW. } NE. } sec. 30, T. 21S., R. 17 E. (Ralph Arnold;
Robert Anderson; H. R. Johnson).

Horizon.—Base of Tulare formation, fresh-water Pliocene.

Genus PHYSA Draparnaud.

PHYSA WATTSI 0. sp.

Plate XXX, figure 6.

‘91894. Physa costata Cooper (not Newcomb), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4,
May, 1894, p. 167.

905. Physa costata Cooper (not Newcomb), Anderson, I’. M., Proc. California Acad.
Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Deservption.—Shell averaging about 6 millimeters in longitude,

‘Binistrally spiral, moderately thin, spire moderately elevated and

ute. Whorls about 34, subangular, the point of greatest convexity

ecurring just posterior to middle, giving the whorls a tabulate
88866—Bull. 396—09-—7

98 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

appearance; surface sculptured by numerous more or less irregular
and unevenly spaced rounded varices each ornamented by fine lon-
gitudinal corrugations and lines; the interspaces are somewhat nar-
rower than the varices and are similarly sculptured; the varices
become obsolete toward the base of the body whorl. Suture ap-
pressed and very distinct. Aperture rounded in front, angular be-
hind; outer lip simple; columellar lip nearly straight, flaring slightly.

Dimensions.—Longitude 6 mm.; latitude 3.5 mm.; longitude of
body whorl, 4.8 mm.; longitude of aperture 3.8 mm.

Notes.—This beautiful little shell is closely allied to and is prob-
ably the precursor of P. costata Newcomb, but is smaller, less fragile,
less bubble-shaped, and has the spire more exserted than the latter. |
It is named in honor of W. L. Watts, Los Angeles, Cal., who, during
the course of field work in the oil districts of the State, gathered mate-
rial that has added greatly to the knowledge of west coast paleontology. 3

Type.—Catalogue No. 165503, U.S.N.M. ” .

Locality —U aed States Govlanen Survey locality 4732, on south}
side of main ridge about 2-miles from the northwest end of ine Kettle-
man Hills, in SW. 4 NE. 4 sec. 30, T. 2158., R. 17 E. (W. L. Watts;
Ralph Arnold; H. R. Johnson; Robert Anderson.)

Horizon.—Basal Tulare formation, fresh-water Pliocene.

Genus AMNICOLA Gould and Haldeman.

AMNICOLA ANDERSONI N. sp.
Plate XXX, figure 9.
1894. Amnicola turbiniformis Cooper (not Tryon), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser.
vol. 4, May, 1894, p. 167.

1965. Amnicola turbiniformis Cooper (not Tryon), Anderson, F. M., Proc. California
Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December, 1905, p. 182.

Description.—Shell averaging about 4 millimeters in length, elon
gate, turbinate-globose, thin; spire tall for member of this gen
Whorls six, subcircular in cross section, giving the surface of th
whorl a strongly but regularly convex contour with just the slightes
suggestion of an angle about one-third the distance from posterior t
anterior margin; faint lines of growth are visible over certain are
of the surface in the type; suture very deeply impressed. Apert
between subcircular and subovate; lip thin, simple; umbilicus pe
forate.

Dimensions.—Longitude 4 mm.; latitude 2.4 mm.; longitude
body whorl 2.5 mm.; longitude of aperture 1.3 mm.

Notes.—This beautiful little shell is characterized by its tall man
whorled spire and regularly convex whorls. It appears to be mo
closely related to A. longinqua Gould, found Recent and in Pleist

TULARE SPECIES. 99

cene lake deposits in California, but differs from the latter in hav-
ing one more whorl, in having more convex whorls and deeper sutures
and in having the posterior end of the aperture rounded rather than
‘subangular. A. anderson is very much taller than A. turbiniformis
Tryon, with which it was confused by Cooper. It occurs abundantly
in the fresh-water deposits (Tulare formation) of the Kettleman
Hills. It is named in honor of Mr. Frank M. Anderson, Berkeley,
Cal., whose pioneer work on the east side of the Coast Ranges has
added so much to our knowledge of their geology.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165505, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4732, on south
side of main ridge about 2 miles from the northwest end of the Ket-
tleman Hills, SW. + NE. i sec. 30, T. 218.,R.17E. (W. L. Watts;
Ralph Arnold; H. R. Johnson; Robert Anderson.)

Horizon.—Basal Tulare formation, fresh-water Pliocene.

Genus GONIOBASIS Lea.
GONIOBASIS KETTLEMANENSIS N. sp.

Plate XXX, figure 7.

1894. Goniobasis occata Cooper (not Hinds), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4,
May 26, 1894, p. 167.

905. Goniobasis occata Cooper (not Hinds), Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad.
Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Deservption.—Shell averaging about 22 millimeters in length, spire
ong, apex blunt. Whorls seven or eight, the nuclear one without
culpture or worn smooth in those specimens examined; the second,
hird, and fourth whorls flat or angulated, the next moderately and
venly convex. The sculpture consists of six or more rounded
hread-like revolving ridges, those in the upper part of the whorl
ually being the most prominent; intercalaries of varying degrees of
mportance often occur in the interspaces; incremental lines and also
ines of interrupted or unequal growth are also usually visible. Suture
oderately deeply impressed. Aperture ovate, slightly angulate in
ront; lip thin and simple, concave above, bowing convexly outward
elow, slightly thickened toward columella, which is thick, and
owed; umbilicus imperforate to subperforate.

Dimensions.—Longitude 22.5 mm.; latitude 8.5 mm.; longitude of
ody whorl 12 mm.; longitude of aperture 7 mm.

Notes.—This species is distinct from any of the other west-coast
ecies. Its almost exact counterpart may be found in a certain
ariety of G. virginica Say, inhabiting water which sometimes becomes
rackish, thus illustrating parallel development under similar condi-
ons of increasing salinity of habitat, although the two forms are

100 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

found in widely separated localities and geologic horizons. G. ket-
tlemanensis is characterized by strong spiral and almost total lack of
axial sculpture. At one locality (4715) it is found in the upper
Etchegoin associated with a marine or mixed marine and brackish
water fauna, while at another (4735) it is found only with fresh-
water shells in the Tulare formation. It is named for the Kettleman
Hills, the type locality.

Type.—Catalogue No. 165501, U.S.N.M., from locality 4715. |

Localities—-Tulare formation, Pliocene: United States Geologi-
cal Survey locality 4715, south end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10,
T. 25 S., R. 19 E. (R. Arnold and O. D. Barton); locality 4735,
central part of Kettleman Hills, on southwest side, 1 mile southwest
of 1,376-foot hill and one-third mile northwest of oil derrick, in center
of south line of SW. } sec. 19, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. (Robert Anderson).

Etchegoin fornetieat upper Miocene Locality 4696, northeast side
of south group of Kettleman Hills, about 17; miles due southeast of
Light’s place, SW. 4 NW. 3} sec. 21, T. 24S., R. 19 E.; locality 4715
(see same lonelier.” Tulare); all in Gihacs district (Ralph Arnold
and Robert Anderson).

Horizon.—Top of the Etchegoin (upper Miocene) and base of the
Tulare (fresh-water Pliocene). It is quite possible that at locality
4715 the G. kettlemanensis may be from a horizon just above that of
its marine associates. It is mixed with the marine shells on the
surface of the low hill at this place.

PISCES.
FIsH sPINES and BULBOUS GROWTHS.
Plate X XV, figures 6, 6a, 6b, 7, 7a, and 8.

Among the fossils found in the upper Etchegoin and lower Tulars
are some peculiar shaped objects of bony material. By far thr
commonest form is one somewhat resembling in outline one valyi
of certain arcas (see Pl. X XV, figs. 6, 6a, 6b) but having an irregula
base in which is a pit. The surface of the bone is reddish brown
rather rough, and usually showing fibery structure. Some of thes
bones have been recognized with the aid of J. W. Gidley, of the U.§
National Museum; David Starr Jordan, of Stanford University, ani
J. C. Merriam, of the University of California, as being the bulbou
growths from the anterior portion of the back or the anterior end ¢
the ventral fin of some kind of fish. Not even the order to whi¢
these belong is determinable, and they may be either marine or fresk
water fishes. They occur in both marine and fresh-water deposits
Another form (Pl. XXV, fig. 8) is nearly bilaterally symmetrical, wit
a groove down the middle and extended processes at either end; it!

TULARE SPECIES. 101

ie ounded at the back. Still another form (Pl. XXV, figs. 7, 7a) has
been identified as a fish spine; it has a deep longitudinal V-shaped
groove in the base, a sharp ridge, and a few irregular longitudinal
lines on the two sides.

_ Figured specimens.—Catalogue Nos. 165493, 165494, and 165495,
} U.S.N.M.

Localities.—Etchegoin: United States Geological Survey locality
4695, on east side of Kettleman Hills south of Avenal Gap, NE. }
SE. 4 sec. 27, T. 24 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4696, northeast side of
south group of Kettleman Hills, 1 mile southeast of Light’s place,
SW. + NW. { sec. 21, T. 24S., R. 19 E.; locality 4697, near south
j end of Kettleman Hills, on summit 4 miles S. 20° E. of Light’s place
} in Avenal Gap, on west side of sec. 3, T. 25 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4698,
} 1 mile north of White Creek and 34 miles northwest of junction with
Los Gatos Creek, in center of sec. 23, T. 19 S., R. 13 E.; locality
} 4715, south end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25S., R. 19 E.; locality
} 4741, east side of Kettleman Hills at point 3} miles west of entrance
} of Dudley-Lemoore road into hills, northeast corner of sec. 12, T. 23
S., R. 18 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

- Tulare: Locality 4731, northeast border of Kettleman Hills, near
jnorthwest end on top of hill just east of old road and cabin,
WNW. i NE. } sec. 35, T. 21S., R. 17 E.; locality 4738, about 20 miles
}southeast of Coalinga, near Etchegoin—Tulare contact; SE. } NW. 4
jsec. 14, T. 23 S., R. 17 E.; 1 mile northwest of El Cerrito well,
425 miles south of Coalinga, near north end of Kettleman Hills, 12
miles north-northwest of 1,244-foot hill (Ralph Arnold and Robert
| Anderson).

Horizon.—Upper portion of Etchegoin (upper Miocene) and base
jof Tulare (fresh-water Pliocene).

“ea

103

iF

PLATE

PLATE
CHICO (UPPER CRETACEOUS) FOSSILS.

VOLUTODERMA GABBI White.

Figure 1. Natural size. Catalogue No. 20112, U.S.N.M.; copied from Bull.
U. S. Geol. Survey No. 51, pl. 3, fig. 1. Found at locality 3
in the Coalinga district; also occurs as far north as Puget Sound
FECTION 53 eset Lae vesbe otlhac. cee ct eee

PERISSOLAX BREVIROSTRIS Gabb.

Figure 2. Natural size. Copied from Whiteaves, Geol. Surv. Canada, Mes.
Foss., vol. 1, pt. 5, pl. 43, fig. 3, 1903. Found at locality 4 in the
Coalinga district; a not uncommon species in the Chico of the~
Pacific coastia.-+-.52 Ieee ce tterdee lob eec: 5050s =

TELLINA? OOIDES Gabb.

Figure 3. Exterior of imperfect left valve, showing a little of the original shell
material, altitude 43 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 31075,
U.S.N.M. Found at locality 3 in the Coalinga district, and
at other Chico localities on the west coast........-. 2.0 aa

MacTRA ASHBURNERI Gabb.

Figure 4. Exterior of small right valve, longitude 28 mm., X 2. Catalogue
No. 31074, U.S.N.M. Found at locality 3 in the Coalinga
district; also common at most Chico localities........-.-...-.--

MEEKIA SELLA Gabb.

Figure 5. Exterior of cast of right valve, altitude 18 mm., X 2. Catalogue
No. 31073, U.S.N.M. Locality 3 in Coalinga district; also
common at other Chico localities on the Pacific coast..........

AVICULA LINGU#FORMIS Evans and Shumard.

Figure 6. Exterior of cast of small left valve, altitude 14 mm., X 2. Catalogue
No. 31076, U.S.N.M. Locality 11.............. een

BACULITES CHICOENSIS Trask.

od

igure 7. Natural size. Copied from Gabb, Pal. California, vol. 1, pl. 17, figs.
27, 27a, 1864... ve cen b cece nnsdnevec couse eee
7a. Cross section. Ibid., figure 27a.
7b. Septum. Ibid., plate 14, figure 28b.

104

BULLETIN 396 PLATE }

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHICO FOSSILS

105

PLATE IL
TEJON (EOCENE) PELECYPODA.

VENERICARDIA PLANICOSTA Lamarck.

Figure 1. Left valve; longitude 84mm. Eocene; Little Falls, Wash. Catalogue
No. 164973, U.S.N.M. This is the most widespread and
characteristic Eocene species in the world............--------

CORBULA PARILIS Gabb.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve restored, longitude 6 mm., X 2. Catalogue

No. 165621, U.S.N:M. ‘Locality 4801 2222-22 eee <a
SEPTIFER DICHOTOMUS Gabb.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve restored, longitude 22 mm., & 2. Catalogue

No. 165623, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. ...-.. 2. 22223 eeeeee
OSTREA IDRIAENSIS Gabb.

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve, longitude 27 mm.; natural size. Catalogue

No. 165674, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801........22 22 oee=eeenee
OsTREA IDRIAENSIS Gabb.

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, longitude 35.5 mm.; natural size. Catalogue
No. 165674, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A common species in
certain California Eocene localities. ........-.-.-.------ fs Sa

SPONDYLUS CARLOSENSIS F. M. Anderson.

Figure 6. Exterior of imperfect specimen, altitude 20 mm.; natural size.
Catalogue No. 165628, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. So far un-
known outside the Coalinga district ...-.........-....2--.2---s

Figure 7. Natural size. Copied from Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser.,
Geology, vol. 2, no. 2, pl. 13, fig. 1.

LEeDA GABBI Conrad.

Figure 8. Exterior of cast of left valve, longitude 13 mm., X 2. Catalogue
No. 165662, U.S.N.M. Locality 5014. A common species in
the Tejon......2.-..-2--- 255-2256 oe os uence ee

TELLINA HORNI Gabb.

Figure 9. Exterior of left valve of slightly imperfect specimen, longitude
42 mm.; natural size. Catalogue No. 165656, U.S.N.M. Local-
ity 4617. A species found at many Tejon localities..........-..

CRASSATELLITES GRANDIS Gabb.

Figure 10. Exterior of imperfect right valve, altitude 50 mm.; natural size.
Catalogue No. 165638, U.S.N.M. Locality 4613. A common
Tejon species. ........2--- 200 reese ens ones entero ne

10a. Interior of same specimen,
TELLINA JOAQUINENSIS N. sp.

Figure 11. Exterior of left valve, longitude 22 mm.; natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165619, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801 ..........-.-.-2.-

OstreA AvicuLirormis FI, M. Anderson.

Figure 12. Exterior of left valve, longitude 16 mm., X 2. Catalogue No.

165627, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801 .............2000essssnuseees
106

BULLETIN 396 PLATE II
TEJON PELECYPODA.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

—
re —
= s
ae —-
muss: 7
a <
> eee
is, ee
_ e r - a : Te “4 2 : q
rt a ; =< a> + : an - a r lela
7 wy <= % ee é : 7 , \

107

PLATH ik
TEJON (EOCENE) PELECYPODA.

PLACUNANOMIA INORNATA Gabb.

Figure 1. Exterior of upper or convex valve, longitude 20 mm., x 2 Cata-
logue No. 165632, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A common form
in the supposed brackish-water facies of the Tejon.............-

PECTEN PECKHAMI Gabb.

Figure 2. Exterior of gutta-percha cast of right valve, altitude 13 mm., natural
size. Catalogue No. 165642, U.S.N.M. Locality 4616. Ranges
from the Eocene to the Miocene........-...-.-. 25.553

2a. Exterior of left valve. Altitude 13.5 mm., natural size.

CARDIUM COOPERI Gabb.

Figure 3. Exteriorof slightly brokenright valve, altitude21.5mm., X2. Cata-
logue No. 165637, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A species found
most abundantly in the lower Eocene, but sometimes also in the

MERETRIX GABBI N. sp.

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve, longitude 29 mm.,naturalsize. Type, Cata-
logue No. 165640, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801................2:

MERETRIX OVALIS Gabb.

or

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, longitude 13mm., x 2. Catalogue No. 165629,

U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A rather rare species.............

. ORBITOLITES sp. a.

Figure 6. Top, maximum diameter 7.5 mm., K 3. Catalogue No. 165625,
U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A species of foraminifer common in

PECTEN INTERRADIATUS Gabb.

“I

Figure 7. Exterior of cast of right valve, altitude 9mm., X 3. Catalogue No.
165667, U.S.N.M. Locality 5013. Also known in the Tejon

shales at New Jdidria: ..i23% Sr. o5ce cee eee eek

BARBATIA MORSEIL Gabb.

Figure 8. Exterior of slightly imperfect left valve, longitude 16.5 mm., X 2.°
Catalogue No. 165635, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A common
species in the Hocen@..3tusc.... <2 «5 os vem ee i 3.

LOS

Figure 10.

Figure 11.

Figure 12.

Figure 13.

Figure 14.

MERETRIX HORNII Gabb.

Exteriorof right valve, longitude 20mm., X2. Catalogue No.165641,
U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A common Eocene species.......

PLACUNANOMIA INORNATA Gabb.

Exterior of lower or flat valve, longitude 20 mm., x 2. CatalogueNo.
Memeseeco.NM. Locality 4609.2 oc. .c.ckel eee cece ce sees

PECTEN INTERRADIATUS Gabb.

Exterior of gutta-percha cast, showing external surface somewhat dis-
torted, altitude 7mm., x 4. Catalogue No. 165634, U.S.N.M.
aise Lise? AGHLUG Sy os ea ge eR Ys Pi Se

VENERICARDIA ALTICOSTA Gabb.

Exterior of slightly imperfect specimen, longitude 41 mm., natural
size. Catalogue No. 165626, U.S.N.M. Locality 4621. Much
Prem tmane . planicosia Lamarck.....-.-.-.-.-....---:0---es0-

MERETRIX UVASANA Conrad.

Exterior of lower or flat valve, longitude 20 mm., x 2. Catalogue No.
165633, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619. A common Tejon species...

CRASSATELLITES GRANDIS Gabb.

Exterior of left valve, altitude 38 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
Pores. “Locality 4619... 25. .0. sc22 oe oo ceeesccesces

Page.

13

13

13

13

13

13

BULLETIN 396 PLATE III

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

TEJON PELECYPODA.

PEL

TEJON (EOCENE) GASTEROPODA AND ECHINODERMATA.

Figure 1.

la.

Figure 2.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8

PLATHaIy:

CASSIDULUS CALIFORNIcUS F.. M. Anderson.

Top view of imperfect specimen, longitude 21 mm., X 2. Catalogue
No. 165664, U.S.N.M. Locality 4622. So far known only from
this locality... 52.-..-2.2.2 2 eee eee

Bottom of same specimen.

POTAMIDES CARBONICOLA Cooper.

Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 19mm., x 2. Catalogue No.
165651, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. So far known only from the
type locality.....-.-..2..-. 22.5.2... saceee eee eee

. Back of another specimen, longitude 16 mm., X 2. Catalogue No.

165651, U.S.N.M. > Same locality as 2-- .21-2. 2252 =2 eee

TRITONIUM CALIFORNICUM Gabb.

Front of young and imperfect specimen, longitude8mm., X 4. Cata-
logue No. 165644, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619. A rather rare spe-
cies; grows to much larger size than the figured specimen......

SERPULORBIS sp. @.

Top,maximum diameter of specimen 15 mm., X 2. Catalogue No.
165659, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A common form at some
localities of the Tejon. .... 252.25. 52.222 -5 05s eee

RIMELLA CANALIFERA Gabb.

Front of imperfect specimen, longitude 15 mm., x 2. Catalogue No.
165646, U.S.N.M. Locality 4618. This species has an ex-
panded lip which is produced upward along the body and penul-
timate whorls. A common and characteristic Eocene form.....

AMAUROPSIS OVIFORMIS? Gabb.

Front of imperfect specimen, altitude 29 mm., natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165654, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617..................-

GALERUS EXCENTRICUS Gabb.

Side view, altitude 12 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165643,
U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A very common and characteristic
E0CONeC BPeCClOB. . fais a nwcle esis et siswn oss sine bap avila

Page.

LUNATIA HORNIIT Gabb.

Figure 9. Front view, altitude 13.3 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165620,
2 U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. Often grows much larger than the
ER INTE ert e es ccs ont eee Soe ence

TRITONIDEA KREYENHAGENI D. Sp.

‘Figure 10. Front of décolleté and slightly imperfect specimen, longitude 16
‘ mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165657, U.S.N.M. Locality

TURRITELLA UVASANA Conrad.

Figure 11. Side of a décolleté specimen; longitude 31 mm., & 2. Catalogue
No. 165653, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A common and char-
acteristic Eocene species, showing considerable variation as
ST _TE Ug Sg aot Re

NERITA TRIANGULATA Gabb.

Figure 12. Back and part of top, maximum diameter 12 mm., natural size.
Catalogue No. 165700, U.S.N.M. cas 4801. A character-
istic Eocene species. . ie eR RRS Rg Pak Neg |

12a. Top of same specimen.

LUNATIA sp. @.

Figure 13. Front of imperfect specimen, altitude 27 mm., natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165652, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801...................

TURRITELLA PACHECOENSIS Stanton.
e 14. Exterior of imperfect young specimen, longitude 44.5 mm., X 2.
Catalogue No. 165636, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. Usually more

common in the lower Eocene, but also found in the Tejon......-

DENTALIUM COOPERI Gabb.

e 15. Side, longitude 9 mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 165622, U.S.N.M.
Locality 4619. A common and long-lived species...........---

PLEUROTOMA DOMENGINEI D. sp.
16. Side of imperfect specimen, longitude 11mm., x 3. Type, catalogue
No. 165647, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619. .... Senate 2 5 ie
LOXOTREMA TURRITA Gabb.

e 17. Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 20 mm., natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165649, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A peculiar and
SPmNaTeCIetIG) OIG EPGGICN. o-...'...- ~~. <=. 02 sence cceescancan

SPIROGLYPHUS? TEJONENSIS N. sp.

18. Top of coil, maximum diameter 7.5 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue
onapouoe, Uist. . ocality 4617. .........ccccsceeceesiss

88866—Bull. 396—09——8 113

Page.

14

dl

14

14

14

14

13

or
bo

14

5]

Figure 19.

Figure 20.

Figure 21.

Figure 22.

Figure 23.

114

CYLICHNA COSTATA Gabb.

Front view of imperfect specimen, longitude 13 mm., K 2. Cata-
logue No. 165655, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A common Eocene
form very much like some later species. .-...+---2>-. 2 ssa

PLEUROTOMA GUIBERSONI N. sp.

Rear view of imperfect specimen, longitude 13.5 mm., & 3. Type,
catalogue No. 165648, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619...............-

AMAUROPSIS ALVEATA Conrad.

Front view of specimen with slightly broken lip, altitude 43 mm.,
natural size. Catalogue No. 165650, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619.
An exceedingly widespread and characteristic species in the
Bocehe........ 222.2222 - 260. ete ee eee ee oo eee

CANCELLARIA IRELANIANA Cooper.

Front view of imperfect specimen, longitude 39 mm., natural size.
Catalogue No. 165645, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619............-. ie

PLEUROTOMA FRESNOENSIS N. Sp.

Front view of specimen from which the canal is missing, longitude 21
mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165631, U.S.N.M. Locality
AG19 2. ccces got ee teins ot ne ee ce eins eee Se ee ae

13

BULLETIN 396 PLATE IV

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Sw (8 BH 4

a .f ® >
» ** ot
ie Phe wees

ie

TEJON GASTEROPODA AND ECHINODERMATA.

Pea rH \V.

116

PLATE V.

VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

OSTREA TITAN Conrad.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 90 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165565, U.S.N.M. Lower Vaqueros formation; locality
4773. This rather diminutive variety is found abundantly
below the reef bed on Laval grade, 9 miles north of Coalinga. . . .

DOSINIA MATHEWSONIL Gabb.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, altitude 56 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165596, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4803. This
species is believed to be characteristic of the lower and middle
Miocene... .-\...5.<.:---3220e= === eee ee eee aint

MyTILUS MATHEWSONII Gabb var. EXPANSUS Arnold.

Figure 3. Exterior of nearly perfect right valve, longitude 157 mm., natural
size. Catalogue No. 165661, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation;
locality 4803. This species is believed to be characteristic of the
Vaqueros; the typical form is usually found in the upper half of
the Miocene: :...2...2.5.005 50022 32 ce oe se eer

SEPTIFER COALINGENSIS N. Sp.

Figure 4. Exterior of left valve, longitude 45 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165580, U.S.N.M. Supposed Vaqueros formation;
locality 4634:.. 00.5 .2.2..00222 e050 ee eee er

TROPHON (FORRERIA) GABBIANUM F. M. Anderson.

Figure 5. Back of imperfect specimen, altitude 44 mm., natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165572, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality
4860. (See Pl. VI, fig. 5)... ce. Se ce ae con eee ee

MULINIA DENSATA Conrad var. MINOR N. var.

Figure 6. Exterior of slightly imperfect right valve. Type, catalogue No.
165601, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4777........

116

Page.

17

18

18

58

60

54

BULLETIN 396 PLATE V

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

VAQUEROS FOSSILS.

te ay

117

PLATE VI.
VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

Metis aff. avra Conrad.
Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of right valve, longitude 32mm., x 2. Catalogue No. 165567,
U.S.N.M.; Vaqueros formation; locality 4627. This lower
Miocene Metis may be different from the Recent M. alta, but
the state of preservation of the fossils precludes a definite deter-_
mination...... 2.42.22 -s.cceet bee eesee | ek One 17
Figure 2. Left valve of same specimen.

CONUS HAYESI N. sp.

Figure 3. Back of slightly imperfect specimen, longitude 60 mm., natural
size. Type, catalogue No. 165566, U.S.N.M.; Vaqueros forma-
tion; locality 4861.2 2s2.....22 12. ob) 2 ee ee ee 62

SCUTELLA MERRIAMI F.. M. Anderson.

Figure 4. Top, maximum diameter 21 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165584, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4775. This
little echinoid from which the “button bed”’ in the Vaqueros
derives its name, is found at many localities in the Coalinga
district, and is believed to be characteristic of the Vaqueros or
lower Miocene. =. ..:..0 2202 sc -cce eee eee 18

TROPHON (FORRERIA) GABBIANUM If. M. Anderson var. CANCEL-
LARIOIDES N. Var.
Figure 5. Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 56 mm., natural size. Type,

catalogue No. 165605, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality
4861. (See Pl. V, fig..5:):..4... 0 2ee-- tea le ee 60

PuHacomweEs (MILTHA) SANCTACRUCIS N. sp.

Figure 6. Exterior of nearly perfect right valve, longitude 75 mm., natural
size. Type, catalogue No. 165569, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros forma-
tion; locality 48615. 622% 0c. scnse o Sjate ele «mle bee eee 57

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE VI

VAQUEROS FOSSILS.

.

—
|
>
ee
ES
<<
=
A

119

PLATE VII.

VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER AND
UPPER HORIZONS.

ARcA OSMONTI Dall.
- ¢ : Page,
Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 49 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165563, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4859.
This species is believed to be characteristic of the lower Miocene.
The specimen figured is from the type locality. Found also
in Santa Monica Mountains, near Los Angeles..........------- 18
la. Umbones of same specimen.
2. Exterior of left valve of a broader specimen, longitude 39 mm.,
natural size. Catalogue No. 165563, U.S.N.M..........-..---- 18

TROPHON (FORRERIA) BARTONI N. sp.

Figure 3. Imperfect specimen, altitude 33 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165571, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality
ABEL. occ cece ls ce cece sees Jehe ee ce eee ee 59

PECTEN ANDERSONI Arnold.

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve, longitude 37 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165583, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4803.
This species is believed to be characteristic of the Miocene. It
is found abundantly in certain layers of the ‘“‘reef beds,’’ where
it makes up the entire rock for small thicknesses. .....-.....--- M7,

ZIRPHHA DENTATA Gabb.

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, longitude 73 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165573, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4803.
This species is believed to be characteristic of the Miocene. ..-. 17

MACOMA PIERCEI N. sp.

Figure 6. Exterior of left valve of imperfect specimen, longitude 75 mm.,
natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165595, U.S.N.M. Upper
Vaqueros formation; locality 4631............. 22 .ssniee 55

SAXIDOMUS VAQUEROSENSIS N. sp.

Figure 7. Exterior of left valve, longitude 69 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165570, U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; local-
ity 408] .o2 cee cedcavecsclsoavcae ss nashniia sis ogni 56

120

BULLETIN 396 PLATE VII

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

VAQUEROS FOSSILS.

fxs

r i

> a
¥

121

PLATE VIII.
VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON.

TURRITELLA OCOYANA Conrad.

Page.

Figure 1. Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 50 mm., natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165593, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality

4631. This is one of the most characteristic fossils of the

Vaqueros, especially in the San Joaquin Valley and in southern

California... 02.2 32.202 ose tee oe = Soe eee 17

2. Back of two whorls of an exceedingly large specimen, altitude 42 mm.,
natural size. Catalogue No. 165574, U.S.N.M. Upper Va-

queros formation; locality 4631....._. 222.222.2522 17

VENUS PERTENUIS Gabb.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, longitude 88 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165597, U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631.
This species is believed to be characteristic of the Miocene... 17

PHACOIDES ACUTILINEATUS Conrad.

Figure 4. Exterior of left valve, altitude 35.5 mm., natural size. Catalogue °
No. 165564, U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality
4803. This species ranges from the lower Miocene to the lower
Pliocene fauna. Formerly called Lucina acutilineata.........- 17

AGASOMA SANTACRUZANA Arnold.

a

Figure 5. Front of imperfect specimen, consisting of spire and part of body
whorl, latitude 19 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165609,
U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. This species is
believed to be characteristic of the Vaqueros...............-. 1

CORBICULA DUMBLEI F. M. Anderson.

Figure 6. Exterior of right valve, longitude 28 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165581, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4628. This
species is found abundantly in the Vaqueros oil sand where it
outcrops in Anticline Canyon southwest of Coalinga........... 1

CHIONE TEMBLORENSIS IF. M. Anderson.

Figure 7. Exterior of imperfect and decorticated left valve, longitude 92 mm.,
natural size. Catalogue No. 165612, U.S.N.M. Upper Va-
queros formation; locality 4631. This species, which is charac-
terized by its central beaks and narrow form, is believed to be
characteristic of the Vaqueros formation............-..-ssssss 1

BULLETIN 396 PLATE VIII

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

VAQUEROS FOSSILS.

ibd Sues Rel ae Be

123

PLATE IX.
VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON. |

DosINIA PONDEROSA Gray.
Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, altitude 78 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165660, U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality
4631. This species ranges from the lower Miocene to the Re-
cent fauna... sc0-0c ene ne an sce cele’ <2 6 eee 17

Carpium (TRACHYCARDIUM) VAQUEROSENS!Is Arnold.

Figure 2. Exterior of imperfect right valve, altitude 98 mm., natural size.
Catalogue No. 165598, U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation;
locality 4631....2.-.2.20020sadeees eect ce oe 2 er 57

Conus OWENIANUS F. M. Anderson.

Ww

3. Front, altitude 16 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165606,
U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. This
species, which is characterized by spiral striations, is believed
to be characteristic of the Vaqueros. -.-......--22-ee==ee eee 174

Figure

OcINEBRA TOPANGENSIS Arnold.

Figure 4. Back, longitude 25 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165608,
U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. This
species, which is also found in the Santa Monica Mountains, is

believed to be characteristic of the Vaqueros formation.......-. 17
CANCELLARIA ANDERSONI Nn. sp. ‘

Figure 5. Back, longitude 21 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165607, 4
U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631 .......... 600

CANCELLARIA VETUSTA Gabb.

Back, longitude 51 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165600,
U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. This
species is believed to be characteristic of the Vaqueros........ 14

Figure 6.

PLEUROTOMA (BATHYTOMA) PIERCEI Nn. sp. 7

Figure 7. Back of imperfect specimen, altitude 39.5 mm., natural size. Type,
catalogue No. 165578 U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation;
locality’: QB Levers scurithscns «borne Pe 61

124

BULLETIN 396 PLATE IX

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

VAQUEROS FOSSILS.

125

PLATE X.

SANTA MARGARITA (UPPER MIDDLE MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

TAMIOSOMA GREGARIA Conrad.

Figure 1. Side, group of individuals, maximum altitude 187 mm., one-half
natural size. Catalogue No. 165618, U.S.N.M. Santa Mar-
garita (?) formation; locality 4766. This unique form, which
is closely related to the barnacles, is believed to be char-
acteristic of the upper Miocene and is usually found abun-
dantly in the fossiliferous portions of the Santa Margarita (?)
formation... .-.2ssss-- 2-222 22 = ee ee oe

HINNITES GIGANTEUS Gray.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 52 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165586, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation; locality
4651. This species ranges from the middle Miocene to the Re-
cent fauna. The specimen figured is an immature, fair-sized
individual. ...:-:-:.<.2--.-2--5225--5=- 9- =r

PECTEN ESTRELLANUS Conrad.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, altitude 111 mm., one-half natural size.
Catalogue No. 165616, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation;
locality 4766. This species is exceedingly common in the Santa
Margarita (?) and Jacalitos formations, but may extend into the
Vaqueros... 2-22. oe ee eons ine ee 2

TropHON (FORRERIA) CARISAENSIS I. M. Anderson.

Figure 4. Front, longitude 41 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165591,
U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation; locality 4766. This
species is characterized by its moderate size, and the spines which
are located in the middle of the whorl. It is believed to be
characteristic of the Santa Margarita formation............-..-

OsTREA TITAN Conrad.

Figure 5. Exterior of right valve; longitude 174 mm., one-half natural size.
Catalogue No. 165617, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation;
locality 4766......0-sneeeccncctouemss ss = sane

126

Page.

21

21

21

BULLETIN 396 PLATE x

SANTA MARGARITA FOSSILS.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

nS A A SA A SAN NL

127

PLATE XI.

SANTA MARGARITA (UPPER MIDDLE MIOCENE) AND
JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

ASTRODAPSIS WHITNEYI Rémond.
; Page.

Figure 1. Top of back of imperfect specimen, maximum diameter 76 mm., nat-
ural size. Catalogue No. 165594, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?)
formation; locality 4766. This species is believed to be char-
acteristic of the Santa Margarita (?) formation in the Coalinga
district. 522.2022 S222 ee eee Saee eee 63

OSTREA TITAN Conrad.

Figure 2. Exterior of left valve, altitude 290 mm., one-half natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165617, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation;
locality 4766. This magnificent Ostrea is found abundantly
throughout the Miocene, especially in the upper half of the
middle Miocene; it sometimes attains a length of 20 inches and
a weight ofover 20 pounds.......--..----.--25.5=s— ee 21

PLIOHIPPUS sp. @.

Figure 3. Side, longitude 49 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165665, U.S.N.M.
Jacalitos formation, NW 4 sec. 22, T.198., R. 15 E. The ex-
tinct horse, of which this tooth is all that was found, is believed
to be characteristic of the upper Miocene.............esssece--- 26
3a. Crown of same specimen.

THAIS CRISPATUS Chemnitz.

Figure 4. Front of décolleté and otherwise slightly imperfect specimen, longi-
tude 44 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165532 U.S.N.M.
Upper Jacalitos formation; locality 4763. This species ranges
from the upper Miocene to the Recent fauna, and is an exceed-
ingly variable species, some specimens being almost smooth,
others strongly sculptured. The genus Thais has heretofore
been commonly known as Purpura......-.-..cs+ssssssee eee 26

128

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XI

SANTA MARGARITA AND JACALITOS FOSSILS.

129

PLATE Sa.

SANTA MARGARITA (UPPER MIDDLE MIOCENE) AND ©
JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

PECTEN CRASSICARDO Conrad.
Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of right valve, altitude 165 mm., one-half naturalsize. Cata-
logue No. 165615, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation; local-
ity No. 4766. This species is characterized by its large size, fine
radial striations and lack of prominent intercalary rib. Ranges
throughout the Miocene. Is usually more abundant in the mid-
dle and upper portions: -.....-...---.2-2.--.) eee 21

MACOMA VANVLECKI N. sp.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 54 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165576, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4763
(See Pl. XVI, fig. 1)..--...0.522-5-0 22225505 65

SCHIZODESMA ABSCISSA Gabb.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, longitude 100 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165604, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4765. This
species is believed to be characteristic of the upper Miocene.... 26

130

BULLETIN 396 PLATE XIli

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

SANTA MARGARITA AND JACALITOS FOSSILS.

ia a PD lS

37

i3l

-

_
a
ae
ca |
a
»
)
Ay

-PLATE XIII.
JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) ECHINODERMATA.

ECHINARACHNIUS GIBBSIT Rémond.
Pa

Figure 1. Top, longitude 81 mm.,naturalsize. Catalogue No. 165611, U.S.N.M.
Jacalitos formation; locality 4747. This large variety is be-
lieved to be characteristic of the lower part of the Jacalitos-.......

2. Bottom of another specimen, longitude 87 mm., natural size. Same
locality.

132

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XIil

JACALITOS ECHINODERMATA.

33

Lol

PLATE XIV.
JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

MoONIA MACROSCHISMA Deshayes.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 66 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165602, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4767. This spe-
cies ranges from upper Miocene to the Recent fauna. Errone-
ously called Placunanomia macroschisma......-----+++--------

TELLINA ARAGONIA Dall.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 48 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165577, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4765. This
species which was originally described from the Empire forma-
tion at Coos Bay, Oregon, is believed to be characteristic of the
upper Miocene. -:..=----22---+-.-22 3252) see or

TROPHON (FORRERIA) PONDEROSUM Gabb.

Figure 3. Back of young specimen, longitude 43 mm., natural size. Catalogue.
No. 165590, U.S.N.M. Etchegoin formation; locality 4642.
This species is common in the Jacalitos formation and rare in
the Hichegoin......:..2:-.5.. 22.2225 -2222-55-= err

CHRYSODOMUS IMPERIALIS Dall.

Figure 4. Back of nearly perfect specimen, longitude 57 mm., natural size.
Catalogue No. 165582, U.S.N.M. Upper Jacalitos formation;
locality 4767. This species, which is characterized by its broad
outline and peculiar reflexed varices, is believed to be character-
istic of the upper Miocene. It is found in Oregon, in Santa
Cruz County, and at one or two localities in the Coalinga district.

TROPHON (FORRERIA) PONDEROSUM Gabb.

Figure 5. Side of imperfect specimen; altitude 86 mm., natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165562, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4847.

6. Front of imperfect specimen, altitude 72 mm., natural size. Cata-

logue No. 165555, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4765.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BULLETIN 396 PLATE XIV

JACALITOS FOSSILS.

meen eH) XV.

135

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

PLATE XV.
JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

PANOPEA ESTRELLANA Conrad.

Exterior of imperfect right valve, longitude 80 mm., natural size.
Catalogue No. 165568, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality
AT6D ... ose cceeeese cd beds cance Siese ace > ache See ae

CHIONE SECURIS Shumard.

Exterior of slightly imperfect left valve, longitude 87 mm., natural
size. Catalogue No. 165599, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation;
locality 4763. This species, which is more inequilateral than
Chione temblorensis F. M. Anderson, is believed to be character-
istic of the upper Miocene.....-.-..-.------- 42-2 ee =e

MACOMA sp. a.

Exterior of left valve, altitude 29 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165588, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4763.....-...-

THAIS KETTLEMANENSIS 0. sp.

Back of a décolleté and otherwise imperfect specimen, longitude 53
mm., natural size. Paratype, catalogue No. 165614, U.S.N.M.
Jacalitos formation; locality 4763. This genus was formerly
known as Purpura. ..-2- 3.224505 ee eee eee Sate as See

ASTRODAPSIS JACALITOSENSIS Nn. sp.

Top, longitude 79 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165610,
U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4745..................

MARGARITA JOHNSONI Nn. sp.

Front, altitude6 mm., X 3. Type, catalogue No. 165663, U.S.N.M.
Jacalitos formation; locality 4765.22. c.- 2s = - = =i tee

Page

64

25

64

69

63

69

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XV

JACALITOS FOSSILS.

137

PEAR, Dev ar
JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) PELECYPODA.

MACOMA VANVLECKI 0. sp.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 54mm. Type, catalogue No. 165576,.
U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4763. (See Pl. XII,
fig. 2). occndeesst ode cent suck beeen or

MACOMA JACALITOSANA N. sp.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 70 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165613, U.S.N.M. Jacakitos formation; locality 4765.

PAPHIA JACALITOSENSIS N. sp.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, altitude 57 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165587, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4765. .

THRACIA JACALITOSANA N. Sp.

Figure 4. Exterior of cast of left valve, longitude 51 mm., natural size. Type,
catalogue No. 165579, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality

DosINIA JACALITOSANA N. Sp.

Figure 5. Exterior of right valve, longitude 95 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165575, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4763...

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XVI

5

JACALITOS PELECYPODA.

139

S PLATE XVIL

PLATE JV 0b

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

Figure 1.

bo

Figure 3.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

OstTREA ATWOODI Gabb.

Exterior of left valve, longitude 59 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165531, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4678.
This species is believed to be characteristic of the upper Jacali-
tos and lower Etchegoin formations, or middle portion of upper
Miocene... 2-0. 2c25-t 222 es8endl ssa. se ee

. Exterior of right valve, longitude 48 mm. Same locality.

MULINIA DENSATA Conrad.

Exterior of right valve, longitude 65 mm., natural size. Catalogue’

No. 165559, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality
4682. This species ranges throughout the Miocene, but is more
commonly found in the upper Miocene. It is sometimes known
as Pseudocardium gabbi.... 222-22. 2- -2 2 eee ae

. Interior of left valve, longitude 75 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165559 U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4679. .--

DIPLODONTA PARILIS Conrad.

Exterior of right valve, longitude 31 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165484, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality
4806. This species is believed to be characteristic of the upper
Miocene; it is known also from Oregon .-.-....--222-sse5seeee

DIPLODONTA HARFORDI F. M. Anderson.

Exterior of right valve, longitude 28 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165485, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality
4806. This species is believed to be characteristic of the upper
Miocene and has so far been recognized only in the Coalinga
district... 2... s200055,-ce 2-0 ee eee ee ee ee

CARDIUM MEEKIANUM Gabb.

Exterior of decorticated left valve, altitude 70 mm., natural size.
Catalogue No. 165542, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation;
locality 4806. The external surface of this fossil is almost always
gone. It is an abundant species in one or two of the layers of
the lower Etchegoin, but has a range elsewhere from the upper
Miocene to. the lower Pliocene... ..-....... 22. 2 ene

140

Page.

31

54

54

30

30

2. a, eet eae

ae ee ee, ek ee ee

BULLETIN 396 PLATE XVII

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

PATE XVII

«

141

PEATE XVITL.

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

ARCA TRILINEATA Conrad.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 61 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165534, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality

4665. This species, which is variable both in outline and .

number and sculpture of ribs, ranges from the upper Miocene

to the Pliocene. It is abundant in the upper Miocene marine

faunas in the Coalinga district... -..-.22..2225252 =e
la. Umbones of same specimen.

THAIS ETCHEGOINENSIS Nn. sp.

Figure 2. Front of slightly décolleté specimen, longitude 38 mm., natural
size. Type, catalogue No. 165533, U.S.N.M. Lower Etche-
goin formation; locality No. 4697. The genus Thais was for-
merly knowmas Purpurd.a..2.---%o2-2) eos eee eee

PAPHIA TENERRIMA Carpenter.

Figure 3. Exterior of left valve, longitude 83 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165544, U.S.N.M. Middle Etchegoin formation; locality
4664. This species is quite abundant in the middle Etchegoin
beds on White Creek and Anticline Ridge. It ranges from the
upper Miocene to the Recent fauna. - .-----2- 2-5-2. eee

PANOPEA GENEROSA Gould.

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve, longitude 104 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165556, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality
4658. This species ranges from the lower Miocene to the Recent
FAUNA... 2s bec bi se nie Sate wale ooet ae eee Eee ee er

Page.

30

89

31

3

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XVIli

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

PEATH XTX

>
te ‘

ey

143

PLATE XIX.

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON

ECHINARACHNIUS GIBBSIIT Rémond var. ASHLEYI Arnold.

Figure 1. Top, longitude 60 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165548, U.S.N.M.
Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4767. An abundant form
at this locality, also in the Santa Maria district.

ECHINARACHNIUS GIBBSIL Rémond.

Figure 2. Top, longitude 54 mm. Catalogue No. 165547, U.S.N.M. Locality
4661. A relatively narrower specimen than that shown in
Plate XX, figure 7....-.2.2..2-2-e.d-6 =) 52 ae

GLYCYMERIS COALINGENSIS Ni. sp.

Figure 3. Exterior of decorticated right valve, longitude 42 mm., natural size.
Type, catalogue No. 165526, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin forma-
tion; locality 4806. This genus was formerly known as
Pectunculus 2.000202 00. ses ee oe et eee eer

MAcTRA ALBARIA Conrad.

Figure 4. Exterior of an imperfect right valve from which a portion of the
anterior extremity has been eroded; altitude 63 mm., natural
size. Catalogue No. 165552, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin
formation; locality 4665. This species, which is believed to
be characteristic of the upper Miocene, is found abundantly
in Oregon, but only a few specimens were obtained in the
Coalinga district........2-...--.0.<sees]= 45a <r

Mytitus (MyTILOCONCHA) COALINGENSIS N. sp.

Figure 5. Exterior of imperfect left valve, altitude 100 mm., natural size.
Paratype, catalogue No. 165557, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin
formation; locality 4668.......0.-----0+5s0ee =e ee

144

Vag

BULLETIN 396 PLATE XIX

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

LAN
wi

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

145

PLATE. XX
ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

‘

§

Macoma sEcTA Conrad. e

Page. te

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 75 mm., natural size. Catalogue x
No. 165592, U.S.N.M. Etchegoin formation; locality 4806. 4

This species ranges from the upper Miocene to the Recent fauna. 30 F

a

i

NEVERITA RECLUZIANA Petit.

Figure 2. Front view of decorticated and slightly imperfect specimen, altitude
36 mm., natural size., Catalogue No. 165486, U.S.N.M. Upper
Etchegoin formation; locality 4710. This species ranges from
the upper Miocene to the Recent fauna. ......-.-2222s2..seeee 31

GLYCYMERIS SEPTENTRIONALIS Middendorf.

Figure 3. Exterior of left valve, longitude 24 mm. Catalogue No. 165527,
U.S.N.M. Lower part of the Etchegoin formation; locality

4806. This genus was formerly known as Pectunculus ........- 82 —

3a. Interior view of same specimen.

Mopto.us RECTUS Conrad.

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve from which the outer surface of the shell has
been removed, longitude 86 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165535, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4698.
This species ranges from the upper Miocene to the Recent and is
characterized by its angular posterior outline ..........-....-- 30

NEVERITA RECLUZIANA Petit var. ALTA Dall.

Figure 5. Front of slightly imperfect specimen, altitude 28 mm., natural size.
Catalogue No. 165489, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation;
locality 4709. This variety ranges from the upper Miocene to the
Recent fauna o> a sseee eee PPP 32

5a. Back of same specimen.

MacoMa NASUTA Conrad.

Figure 6. Exterior of slightly imperfect right valve, longitude 70 mm., natural
size. Catalogue No. 165514, U.S.N.M. Lower part of the
Etchegoin formation; locality 4756. This species ranges from
the lower Miocene to the Recent fauna. ..............sss.00e8 30.

ECHINARACHNIUS GIBBSIL Rémond.

Figure 7. Top, longitude 61 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165547, U.S.N.M.
Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4661. This figure illus-
trates a typical undistorted specimen, ‘The specimens found
in this district are usually more or less distorted. The species
ranges through the Jacalitos and Etchegoin formations. (See
Pl, KIX, fig. 2). csseenvtassucee eves ais (ones ee an 30

146

BULLETIN 396 PLATE XX

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

>

==
ne

=’)

eATH XXT

4
A.
~~ ”
‘ ,
. 1? .

147

PLATE XXII.

JACALITOS (EARLY UPPER MIOCENE) AND ETCHEGOIN
(UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

Figure 1.

ae

Figure 2.

ae

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

148

THAIS KETTLEMANENSIS Nn. sp.

Front of decorticated and slightly imperfect specimen; altitude 82
mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165585, U.S.N.M.
Lower Etchegoin and Jacalitos formation; locality 4680 .......-.

Back of same specimen.

CRYPTOMYA QUADRATA DN. sp.

Exterior of right valve, longitude 35 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165525, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation;
locality 46652%. 2... 2522.2. 2-2-3224 2 oe 2 ee ee

Exterior of left valve of same specimen.

MULINIA DENSATA Conrad.

Front of both valves, altitude 50 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165554, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4754.
This species is usually confined to the upper Miocene, although
it is known to extend down into the Vaqueros. It is sometimes
listed as Pseudocardium gabbt Rémond .............-.--------

SAXIDOMUS NUTTALLI Conrad.

Exterior of right valve 105 mm., two-thirds natural size. Catalogue
No. 165529, U.S.N.M. Upper part of Jacalitos formation;
locality 4656. This species ranges from the upper Miocene to
the Recent fauna... 2... 52.2.0 45eeme cs oe see eee ee eee

Page.

69

im

54

3
:

a
ek

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XxXlI

JACALITOS AND ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

eee CX

149

PLATE XXII.

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

LUNATIA LEwisir Gould.
= Page.

Figure 1. Front of slightly imperfect internal cast which, however, shows the -
general outline of the shell. Altitude 90 mm., natural size.
Catalogue No. 165541, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation;
locality 4665. This species ranges from the upper Miocene to the
Recent fauna >. .i2. 23 i222 -2es 2. ck 2 eee 2 eee 31

PLEUROTOMA COALINGENSIS N. sp.

Figure 2. Front, longitude 20 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165509,
U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4806... ...-.- 90

TURRITELLA VANVLECKI N. sp.

Figure 3. Back of décolleté and otherwise somewhat imperfect specimen;
longitude 57 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165496,
U.S.N.M. Middle Etchegoin formation; locality 4658 ........- 85

TROPHON (FORRERIA) COALINGENSE N. sp.
Figure 4. Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 65 mm., natural size. Type,

- catalogue No. 165540, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation;
locality 4857... 2-0... -5.2 oscce eens ee eee eee 87

CRYPTOMYA OVALIS Conrad.

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, longitude 37 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165589, U.S.N.M. Etchegoin formation; locality 4845.
This specimen appears to be intermediate between the typical
Cryptomya ovalis Conrad and Cryptomya quadrata n. sp...------ 30

Mytitus (MyTILOCONCHA) COALINGENSIS N. sp.

Figure 6. Exterior of umbonal region of a moderate-sized right valve, longitude
105 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165551, U.S.N.M.
Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4656..................-.-- 73

150

BULLETIN 396 PLATE Xxil

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

151

PLATE Xx1ITT.
ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

PECTEN (PATINOPECTEN) OWENT Arnold.

Figure 1. Exterior of right valve, anterior ear slightly broken, altitude 85 mm.,
slightly reduced. Type; Coll. Univ. California. Foxin’s
ranch, Santa Barbara County. A characteristic species in the
upper Miocene. -...2..--02 2-02-05 sees ee

CREPIDULA PRINCEPS Conrad.

Figure 2. View of interior; longitude 106 mm., slightly reduced. Catalogue
No. 165315, U.S.N.M. Packard’s Hill, Santa Barbara. Found
throughout the Miocene and Pliocene in California. ........-.-

ASTRANGIA COALINGENSIS Vaughan.

Figure 3. View of top of group of specimens, maximum altitude 20 mm., X 3.
Type, catalogue No. 165666, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin
formation; locality 4710. This species is believed to be char-
acteristic of the upper Miocene... ....-<... 226 0e== =e

Page.

31

31

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XxXIll

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

“PLATE XXIV.

153

PLATE XXIV.
ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON.

SIGARETUS SCOPULOSUS Conrad.
Page.
Figure 1. Top, maximum diameter 36 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165524, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4662.
This species ranges from the Oligocene to the lower Pliocene. . . 323

PLACUNANOMIA CALIFORNICA DN. sp.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, altitude 66 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165546, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation;
locality 4715... 2... 20.220. . 22s ton der 75
2a. Interior of same specimen.
3. Interior of left valve, paratype, altitude 67 mm., natural size,

OSTREA VESPERTINA Conrad.

Figure 4. Exterior of left valve, longitude 57 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165536, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4715... 77
5. Right valve, longitude 67 mm. Same locality.

154

BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXIV

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

' «

BOONE

155

PLATE XXV.

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON,
AND TULARE (PLIOCENE) FOSSILS. —

ASTYRIS RICHTHOFENI Gabb.
Page.
Figure 1. Front of a rather poorly preserved specimen, altitude 11 mm., X 2.
Catalogue No. 165510, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation;
locality 4806. This species ranges from the upper Miocene to
the Pliocene......5. 22.225 25 655032000 0-522ep =o 30

TROPHON (BOREOTROPHON) STUARTI Smith.

Figure 2. Back of body whorl and portion of penultimate whorl, longitude 25
mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165492, U.S.N.M. Upper
Etchegoin formation; locality 4712. This species ranges from
the upper Miocene to the Recent and is a boreal type.........- 32

SEMELE RUBROPICTA Dall.

Figure 3. Slightly imperfect right valve, longitude 31 mm., natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165517, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation;
locality 4758. This species ranges from the upper Miocene to
the Recent fauna ...... 2.2.2. 252525 55-6 e eee Ose 31

MAcTRA COALINGENSIS 0. sp.

Figure 4. Exterior of imperfect left valve, altitude 52 mm., natural size.
Type, catalogue No. 165513, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin for-
mation; locality 4806....--..-22-50...22.- 55 see eee 71

MacomMa NASuTA Conrad.

Figure 5. Imperfect left valve, longitude 69 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165515, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4758... 30

Bu.LsBous GRowTH ON FISH SKELETON.

Figure 6. Top, longitude52mm.,naturalsize. Catalogue No. 165495, U.S.N.M.
Tulare formation; locality 4740: .-.-2._. .----22..52===eeeeee 100
6a. Bottom of same specimen.
6b. Side of same specimen.

Fisn Spine.

Figure 7. Side, longitude 49 mm.,naturalsize. Catalogue No.165493, U.S.N.M.
Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4740..... ies 22 ee 100
7a, Base of same specimen.

BuLsBous GrowTH ON FISH SKELETON.

Figure 8. Grooved base, longitude 40 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165494, U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4731............ 100 |

CARCHARODON ARNOLDI Jordan.

Figure 9. Back, longitude50 mm., naturalsize. Catalogue No. 165488, U.S.N.M.
Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4709. This extinct spe-
cies of shark is believed to be characteristic of the upper Miocene
and lower Pliocene. 22.2 ae nis snes me ne one ee 36
156

BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXV

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ETCHEGOIN AND TULARE FOSSILS.

157

PLATE XXVI.
ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON. |

PECTEN COALINGAENSIS Arnold.
Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of right valve, longitude 58 mm., naturalsize. Catalogue No.
165530, U.S.N.M. Upper part of Etchegoin formation; locality
4710. This species is believed to be characteristic of the upper
part of the Etchegoin formation at the top of the Miocene. ..... 31
. Left valve, longitude 55 mm., natural size. Same locality.

bo

PECTEN (PLAGIOCTENIUM) DESERTI Conrad.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, altitude 43 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165518, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4715... 76
4. Exterior of left valve, longitude 37 mm., natural size. Same locality.

CHAMA PELLUCIDA Sowerby.

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, altitude 42 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165482, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4710.
This species ranges from the upper Miocene to Recent, but is
found in the Coalinga district only in the upper Etchegoin.. - 30
6. Exterior of right valve; altitude 24 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165482, U.S.N.M. Locality same as last.

TRANSENNELLA CALIFORNICA N. sp.

Vigure 7. Exterior of right valve; longitude 5.5mm., X 5. Type, catalogue No.
165553, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4715. 72
7a. Interior of same specimen. F

PAPHIA STALEYI? Gabb.

ligure 8. Right valve of young specimen; longitude 8.5 mm., X 3. Catalogue
No. 165516, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality
4715. This species is believed to be characteristic of the upper
Miocene and Pliocene. It was formerly called Tapes staleyi-. 31

CHRYSODOMUS PORTOLAENSIS Arnold.

Figure 9. Front, longitude 64 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165473,
U.S.N.M. Etchegoin formation; locality 4665. This species
is believed to be characteristic of the upper Miocene, and is
found abundantly in the lower Purisima formation near Portola
in San Mateo County and in several other localities south of
At: Mr 31

CANCELLARIA TRITONIDEA Gabb.

Figure 10. Front, longitude 78 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165561,
U.S.N.M. Upper San Pedro formation, San Pedro, California.
This species is believed to range from the upper Miocene to the
Pleistocene. The specimen figured is from the type locality. . .. 31

BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXVI

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

,

:
ae
rs
ca
=
<—
4

159

PLATE XXVII.
ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON.

PrEcTEN (CHLAMYs) WATTSI Arnold.
Page

Figure 1. Exterior of right valve, altitude 61 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165550, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality

4712. This specimen is also from the type locality. The species

ranges from the upper Miocene to the lower Pliocene and is

found in the Coalinga district only in the upper Etchegoin.... TE.

2. Exterior of left valve, altitude 76 mm., natural size. Same locality.

PECTEN NUTTERI Arnold.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, altitude, 67 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165549, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality
4712. This specimen is from the type locality of the species,
where it is moderately abundant. It is believed to be charac-
teristic of the upper Miocene and possibly lower Pliocene. ....- 31
4. Exterior of left valve, altitude 63 mm. Same locality.

TEREBRATALIA SMITHI Arnold.

Figure 5. Exterior of dorsal valve showing beak of ventral valve, altitude of
former 22 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165512, U.S.N.M.
Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4758. This brachiopod is
very abundant in the Pecten coalingaensis horizon.....-------- 30
5a. Ventral valve of samespecimen. Longitude 27.5 mm., natural size.

CALLIOSTOMA KERRI 0. sp.

Figure 6. Front of slightly distorted specimen, altitude 18.5 mm., natural
size. Type, catalogue No. 165500, U.S.N.M. Upper Etche-
goin formation; locality 4758......:...5222- 52.54 84

CALLIOSTOMA COALINGENSIS N. sp.
Figure 7. Front view of slightly distorted specimen, altitude 21 mm., natural
size. Type, catalogue No. 165499, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin
formation; locality 4758. . 2522-0. -ceeese see eee eee 83

NASSA CALIFORNIANA Conrad.

Figure 8. Front of a slightly imperfect young and unusually nodose specimen,
altitude 13.5 mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 165508, U.S.N.M.
Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4806. This species ranges
from the upper Miocene to the Pleistocene and may possibly
have living representatives. This nodose form is apparently
characteristic of the upper Miocene...........-.-...-.--.-s-5 3l

NASSA CALIFORNIANA Conrad var: COALINGENSIS N. var.

Figure 9. Front, altitude 32 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165511,
U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4758.......... 88

CLIDIOPHORA PUNCTATA Conrad.
Figure 10. Exterior of left valve, longitude 28 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No, 165497, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality
1806. This species, in which the right valve is somewhat flatter
than the left, ranges from the upper Miocene to Recent fauna. . 30
160

BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXVIt

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

Pepe xX XV ILL

161

PLATE XXVIII.

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) ECHINODERMATA: UPPER
HORIZON.

SCUTELLA PERRINI Weaver.
Page.
Figure 1. Top, longitude 46 mm., naturalsize. Catalogue No. 165560, U.S.N.M.
Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4712. This species is
believed to be characteristic of the uppermost Miocene and.
possibly. lower Pliocene. - 22. .222-: <. - 2225-2 30
2. Bottom, longitude 45 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165560,
U.S.N.M. Same locality. :

ASTRODAPSIS? sp. @.

Figure 3. Top; longitude 28 mm., xX 2. Catalogue No. 165701, U.S.N.M.
Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4712. A common form in
this horizon. .../. 250-222 5220.5 Jo: oe eee ee eee 30
3a. Bottom of same specimen.

EcHINARACHNIUS GIBBSII Rémond.

Figure 4. Top of young specimen, longitude 33 mm., X 2. Catalogue No.
165537, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4710.
This is the most abundant sand dollar in the district and is found
throughout both the Jacalitos and Etchegoin formations. .....- 30
4a. Bottom of same specimen.

ASTRODAPSIS sp. indet.

Figure 5. Top of young specimen, longitude 10.5 mm., * 2. Catalogue No.
165538, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4708.
Found in the upper Etchegoin formation........-...........--- 30
5a. Bottom of same specimen.

162 *

32

BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXVIII

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

jl is
oe 6;

eS:

ETCHEGOIN ECHINODERMATA

R
“
ow

t-

+ '
be

PLATE XXIX.

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPERMOST

FOSSIL BED.

LITTORINA MARIANA 0D. Sp.

Figure 1. Front, longitude 14.5 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165481,
U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4718..... ee

LITTORINA MARIANA Var. ALTA N. Var.

Figure 2. Front, longitude 17 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165487,

U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4730.........- -

MacoMA INQUINATA Deshayes.

Figure 3. Exterior of left valve, longitude 46 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165483, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality
4736. This species ranges from the upper Miocene to the Recent

SoLEN sIcARius Gould.

Figure 4. Exterior of imperfect left valve; longitude 45 mm., natural size.
Catalogue Nc. 165491, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation;
locality 4728. This species ranges from the Miocene to the
Recent fauna, and is particularly abundant in the Coalinga dis-
trict in the upper. Mya zone... -- 2. -2-- 26-6. 2

OsTREA VESPERTINA Conrad var. SEQUENS N. Var.

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, longitude 42 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165545, U.S.N.M. Uppermost Etchegoin formation;
locality 4728... ..... ....---:Sec- se oce seer

6. Exterior of right valve, longitude 41 mm. Same locality.

MYA JAPONICA Jay.

Figure 7. Interior of left valve, longitude 56 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165479, U.S.N.M. (Perry’s voyage). Upper Etchegoin forma-

tion; locality 4736. This species is intermediate between J.

truncata Linn. and M. arenaria Linn., and extends from the upper

Miocene to the Recent fauna; it is a cold-water form..........

8. Exterior of left valve, longitude 66 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165480, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality

4736 2 oo ow wien on ware wn wreseie oy oo pele mts mye lap er te ot a

164

Page.

86

87

31

79

30

30

AE ae a

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

8

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXIX

5G OS

165

PLATE XXX.

TULARE (FRESH AND BRACKISH WATER PLIOCENE)

Figure 1.

ike

Figure 2.

Figure 4.

4a.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

=

Figure 7.

Figure 8

FOSSILS.

SPH#RIUM KETTLEMANENSIS DN. sp.

Exterior of left valve; longitude 8 mm., x 4. Type, catalogue No.
165519. ‘Tulare formation; locality 4731--.-.___2_ ==
Interior of same specimen.

SPH#RIUM COOPERI 0. sp.

Exterior of right valve; longitude 9.5mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No.
165528, U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4732............

. Interior of same specimen.

CARINIFEX MARSHALLI 0. sp.

. Front, maximum diameter 3.7mm., X 5. Type, catalogue No. 165507,

U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4732.......-........-..-

. Top of same specimen.
. Bottom of same specimen.

PLANORBIS VANVLECKI N. sp.

Top maximum diameter 4.5 mm., X 5. Type, catalogue No. 165506,
U.S.N.M. . Tulare formation; locality 4731. .-_--2-232525eeee
Bottom of same specimen.

PHysA HUMEROSA Gould.

Front, longitude 8.5 mm., 3. Catalogue No. 165502, U.S.N.M.
Tulare formation; locality 4732. This species ranges from the
Pliocene to the Recent fauna...... 2-5... c-e2-e eee eee

PHYSA WATTSI 0. sp.

Back, longitude 6 mm., * 3. Type, catalogue No. 165503, U.S.N.M.
Tulare formation; locality 4782... ..-.2.-....+--.+) seen

GONIOBASIS KETTLEMANENSIS N.. sp.

Front of a rather large specimen, altitude 22.5 mm, 2. Type, cat-
alogue No. 165501, U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4715.
Also found in the Etchegoin formation.................-.-s0s-

GONIOBASIS NIGRINA? Lea.

Front of somewhat imperfect specimen, longitude 6 mm., * 5. Cat-
alogue No. 165504, U.S.N.M. ‘Tulare formation; locality 4732.
This species is rather rare in the Tulare. It extends to the
Recent fauna

166

Page.

94

94

96

95

47

97

99

47

AMNICOLA ANDERSONI Nn. sp.

. Front, longitude 4 mm., X 5. Type, catalogue No. 165505, U.S.N.M.
. alare iormation=.locality 47922... -.-...- 2. 2. -.2+--se---s

ANODONTA KETTLEMANENSIS DN. sp.

re 10. Exterior of left valve, longitude 59 mm., natural size. Type, cat-
alogue No. 165522, U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4731..

GONIDEA COALINGENSIS N. sp.

ure 11. Exterior of left valve, longitude 73 mm., natural size. Type, cat-
alogue No. 165521, U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4739..

OsTREA LURIDA Carpenter.

Figure 12. Exterior of leit valve, altitude 36.5 mm., natural size. Catalogue

=z No. 165520, U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4743. This
species, which is much less prominently corrugated than Ostrea
vespertina Conrad, ranges from the uppermost Etchegoin (upper
Mmncene) urine kecent fauna... :......---.2--..----.-.---.

167

Page.

98

91

92

47

———

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXX

TULARE FOSSILS.

INDEX.

ames in ifalic are synonyms; figures in italic denote illustrations; figures in black face refer to

A.
re Page.
‘-knowledgments to those aiding. .........- 5-6
Ee awe as cn osteo a ce ceetee 13
pre GADD ......--.---.-2------ 18
Reorenangn Conrad =/.......-...-------=<- 18
santacruzana Arnold...............- 18,19, 122
uropsis alveata Conrad ...............- 13, 114
UBD J ;¢ ce ee e 13, 112
LUI Vii 11
icola Gould and Haldeman ......... 48, 98-99
~ andersoni Luo 47, 48, 98-99, 167
- longinqua UD TL eee 98
Te turbiniformis CIT A 98
__ turbiniformis PRI hon east = 48,99
Ee so ee en 47
derson, F. M., fossils determined by... 12, 14,18
partetertepion Peds .-o--.:-2-.---2-.--2-2- 19
LE (ut se 6
derson, Robert, fossils collected by..-..-. 13,
. 17, 21,29
Tl Fl uo eee 5,6
Do ee 91,92
PaIMIPERIESISUE OS = = 2-2-2 e032 ------ 92
PeMIOOUTANS =. 2-5 52-2. 2-22-22 48,91
__ .decurtata Cooper.....-.- Sg 5 91
_ kettlemanensis n. sp........-. 47, 48, 91-92, 167
(DUT SES A 48,91
ISMePONERAIS PGR 205 ----.-..-.---.-2.----- 91
wahlametensis var. exilior Lea ........-- 92
_Anomia errieGnhbes =. --.-....--=- 11
~ = eeeee 14, 30, 34, 38, 152
RP eo oe cena 29, 43
Sraanaeiaa: DTG) 17
(Tut Loh oS Se 17,19, 120
trilineata Conrad. .... 24, 25, 27, 30, 34, 38, 42, 142
Vaucouverensis Meek...............-.---- 11
ow eee 30, 34, 38
paohitectonics CVT (Eis or 14
oy: he Se 12
* Arnold, Ralph, fossils determined by.. 13, 17, 21,29
TSR ve. 3 5 ne 6
__ Astrangia coalingensis Vaughan. ..... 30, 34, 38, 152
~ Astrodapsis LTD ga ee Oe 63-64
q _ jacalitosensisn.sp......... 24, 25,27, 68-64, 136
bs tumidus Rémond ..................-- 30, 34, 38
. aad enti ts oa 21, 63, 128
8 pe 30, 34, 38, 162
DP asteris richthofeni Gabb............. 31, 35, 39, 156
_ Aucella crassicollis Keyserling...........-.-- 11

Avicula lingueeformis Evans and Shumard. 11, 104

4

_ descriptions.

B.
Page

Baculiteschicoensis Trask...............2.- 11, 104
| a Seen ae Sent oe Se re ee See 12

IRE TS eae ee Ce ee ee ee 29
Concavus: Bronni 2.2 ss ene eee 32, 36, 40
SDee cick ol ee ee et 18, 25, 26, 32, 36, 40

Barbatia morsei Gabb................-.- 13, 16, 108

BAL by tOMs ras S522 Fe ee) er ea ee Oe 61
carpenteniana Gabb.- = 2-2 5. -2b <2 oe 61

var. fernandoana Arnold __.... 31, 35, 39, 62
keepi-Amoldi 22-27 eeene sete eee esas 62
piercel N5'Sp 2-2 eee ee 18, 61-62, 124
‘tryomianal Gables. pens sees eee 62

Belemnites impressus Gabb..-.........-.---- ll

Bibliography, outline of..................... 6-7

Boreotrophon stuarti Smith...--.. 32, 36, 40, 88, 156

Brachiopoda-5-- =< 7 see eee ote 14, 30, 34, 38, 160

Branchiolambrus altus Rathbun ........-... 18

C.

Calliostoma Swainson...........-...-.------ 83-85
coalingensis n. sp ......---- 31, 35, 39, 83-84, 160
Costata. Mantyiieeecs 6 9 pen eee ae 83
EOYTUISD eee ee eee 31, 35, 39, 84-85, 160
variegatum Carpenter. ...:....--.--.----- 84

@allistass- 228 < 28 eS 32 5.355-8son- eee ee 68

Cancellaria thamarck .< ci. 22202-5.2 223 52, 60-61
anderson! Spiss2e wo sen nS cee « 18, 60-61, 124
elongata: Gabb: =. 322k: ses cece 14
irelaniana Cooper.<< 3.22 546523-0-25% 13, 52, 114
tritonidesa Gabbe. <= 22 <22s-250- 31, 35, 39, 158
vetista (Gab Deecat ese eres eens 18, 19, 124

Cancer. fissus Rathbun... 220-32. 225. ss. 32, 36, 40

Carcharodon arnoldi Jordan........-.- 32, 36, 40, 156

Cardium (Linnzeus) Lamarck..-.........-...- 57
brewer GaDb: .<ceseseen oes o tees eee 13
cooparl Gabb:. 2papheesescaie nee 13, 15, 108
eoqosense Dalle. hoeeewe ces eer aeeee 30, 34, 38
meekianum Gabb.... 24, 25, 27, 30, 34, 38, 42, 140
quadrigenarium Conrad ...........-.....- 57
(Trachycardium) vaquerosensis Arnold.. 17,

57, 124
yas A Reel age SPER Mey ak 3: 13, 24, 25, 30, 34, 38

Gorintiex Binney. <2; 1+ s<daa wie knees 96-97
marshalll ne 8p oc. . «scenes 47, 48, 96-97, 166
mewberryt COOpels csi aden es ewe notes wones 96
DSW DOLFY1 G8... sche eec cha ewat oan eee 48, 97

Cassidulus ealifornicus F. M. Anderson... .. 13, 112

Caphalopoda s .,.. 0. 05s cs -sasccesuswsxeen 11, 12, 104

CATADOEB xe cc. make ct nn en opanm i yenceneens® 32, 36, 40

Chama pellucida Broderip. ..........- 30, 34, 38, 148

169

170 INDEX.
Page Page.
Chico rocks, correlation of......-..----.----- 9 | Echinodermata .......-...-- 13, 18, 21, 24, 25, 30, 34,
fOSSUS: Of.) .sacse eee eee creer 11-12, 104 38, 47, 63-64, 112, 118, 128, 132, 136, 144-146, 162
@hiones G2. 6 Ease oe eee 68 | Ellipsosmilia granulifera Gabb..........---- 14
conradiana F. M. Anderson..-..-.---.----- 17,21 | Eocene rocks, occurrence and character of... 12-16
SEGULIS SHUMAT@ sae sess eee eee 24, 25,27,136 | Etchegoin formation, age of.........---.---- 45
temblorensis F. M. Anderson. ...---- 17, 68, 122 correlation: Of: << -22. 32ers 9, 44-45
cS) | ane Nee cacte Ast as eae eine 24,25 déscription:of: 2. 2.22. s eee 28-29
Chiamys Bolten... -. 2202 <2. tee 77 | fossilsiof=; 25 29-41, 71-90, 140, 164
WathsieArnol de sess =ese =e 160 | zones Of: 2. 22-222 a0. 5. see eee 42-44
wattsi Arnold var. etchegoini F. M. An- |
GOESOW 9 452 eee ott Gn kee eee eran 77 F.
Ghrysodonmiuss 2 222) eee se eee eee 70 . : .
imperialist Dall 2 ese aoe 25, 26, 31, 35, 39, 134 | Ficus pyriformis GabD=--6e.- -
; Sots | Bield work, outline\of22=22-—--92-===eeeeeee 5
portolaensis Arnold. -.-.- 25, 26, 27, 31, 35, 39, 158 3 -
Gitiwamiqaa defo 2. ean 12 Field work, former, outline of... .......-.... 6-7
Sue ee = | Foraminifera... +222 sheets see ee 13,14
Girripedia= . 25 2225- see 18, 21, 25, 26, 32, 36, 40, 126 | Witemiia Joussennane 59-60 87_88
Clidiophora punctata Conrad ....----- 30, 34, 38, 160 | bartonl nips 18 59-60 120
Coast Range, rocks of, correlation of... .----- 9 vo gin ay a he aaa ea geen z 2
Ganiclinnsie ee eee 62-68 carisaénsis F. M. Anderson...-..---. 21,22, 126
ferpuscnl BOWEEDY..-.. ae 62 | coalingense n. Sp...-..----- 32, 36, 40, 87-88, 150
Tetei eee Ue ae 18, 62-63, 118 gabbianum F. M. Anderson ign 18, 60, 116
ene FF. M. Anderson......----2-- 18, 124 j var. cancellarioides n. var. .----- 18, 60, 118
purpuraceus Broderip-...-.-.----------- 62 ee es et a 2
Cooper, J. G., fossils determined by --------- 6 porderesay Se acs 28) a; 2h Se See
Corbicula dumblei F. M. Anderson.-------- 17, 122 peer eee descr piano as ; a
Cortiula parilis Gabb....-:--.-<---.------2-- 106 OSSUS | Ol i238 72 = para fee
Correlation, table Showing.......------------ 9 SE sano Gabb....---- 35 meylt
Crassatellites grandis Gabb .....-.----- 13, 106,109 | Se Gabb. ~~. =: ees id
Crepidula preerupta Conrad.........-------- 18 | remondii Gabb.- .-=------5 Soe eee a2
princeps Conrad..-.....----- 25, 26, 31, 35, 39, 152 | G.
SDs Src ne oe oe oe eee 18
Cretaceous rocks, occurrence and character of. 10-12 Galerus excentricus Gabb......-.---------- 14, 112
Grustacéal: ic ace) fot ee eee 18, 32, 36,40 | Gari texta Gabb.........-------------- weeee 14
Cryptomya Conrad’). -25)-sseee se eee 71.| Gasteropoda.....--. 11, 12, 13-14, 18, 21, 25, 26, 31-32,
californica Conrad. .° 2-2 2222 3-2 eee aes 71 35-36, 39-40, 47, 51-54, 59-63, 69-70, 83-90, 95-
ovalis Conrad...-. 21,24, 25, 27, 30, 34, 38, 71, 150 | 100, 104, 116-128, 134-136, 142, 146-160, 164-167
quadratamnispes- s-seee ee 30, 34, 38, 71, 148 | Geology, outline of. .....---.------.-+-.----- 8-48
Cumingia californica Conrad...........--- 30, 34,38 | Glycymeris Da Costa..-....-..--..--- 28-29, 80-83
Cyclamimina sp? - 2-2) eo sseeseee ees eee ae 1¢ | barbarensis Conrad ..-.-...--.--.-------- 81
Cylichna-costata Gabb...--.-...-------- 13,15, 114 branneri Arnold. -..- 2272.22 ---- ===. ee: 81
D. coalingensis n. sp-- - ---- 30, 34, 38, 42, 80-82, 144
Dall, W. H., supervision of_..-...2ic<2 ss.--t 5 conradi Dall......--:~---27ee: sos. eames 81
Dentalium cooperi Gabb .....-...-..----- 13, 15, 113 estrellana Conrad. - . 25° 5 eet 64
Desmoceras hoffmanni Gabb.......:.......- 12 | gabbi Dall... - -2+.--<-"ossror acne me St
Diablo Range, description of.......---...:-- 7-8 | PAGO Gould ae Se NS eS ee 64
Diplodonta harfordi F. M. Anderson....-..- 24, grewingki Dall 78 0 ST oe ie hc
25, 27, 30, 34, 38, 42, 140 | intermedia Broderip di deae eee eee 81
parilis Conrad. . _ 24,25, 27, 30, 34, 38, 42, 140 septentrionalis Middendorf.. .-......-.- 30,
“See. 24,45 34,38, 42, 81, 82-83, 146
Dosinia'Scopoll.... <..,. A-.3-=- 2 ae eee eee 67-68 var. subobsoletus Carpenter. ---.--.°+ 81
Conradi Gabb .....c..0.00..cca eee 67 veatehii Gabb. .: 2... 20.5320 see 12
jacalitosana n. sp.......... 24,25,27,67-68, 138 | SD-----+-----00ceeeceeeeezenn: 24, 25, 30, 34, 38
Jongula Conrad); fu. 2-m setae eee. 68 | Gonidea Conrad........-.2.2...05eeaeeeeeeee 92-93
mathewsonli Gabb..........0...%...- 17, 67, 116 angulata Lea. ....-.---<-0s-- Saree aeieaes 92
montana Coutad.. 2.2 oe eee 67 | var: harold{ Dall <- 322.2 esas eee 92,93
ponderosa Gitay.....¢-0----.s0me 17, 21, 67, 124 | coalingensis n.sp.-.-....----- 47, 48, 92-98, 167
subobliqua Conrad. .......0....ssueeuaowe 68 | var. cooperi N. var.....-.-..-----. 47, 48, 98
Driliia torosa Carpenter..........).00.0.06 42/2 24 | Goniobasis Lea. .......---.--+++.++-+ 44, 48, 99-100
E. kettlemanensisn. Sp... eo wee 31
Echinarachnius.. .. . 29, 44, 48 35, 39, 47, 48, 99-100, 166
gibbalt Rémond . 112. .ek cee ese eee 24, | nigrina Lea.... . «24 oh belt 47, 48, 166
25, 27, 30, 34, 38, 42, 132, 144, 146, 162 | occata Cooper... ...-----scnecessnausnses 99
var, ashley! Arnold: .... 42.2. cs7.s.- 144 occata Hinds. ;..0..i..-sss0ss0snmenenes 48
BEY i aeeniv id olicis «apes ae Rae eee Oa ge eee 47 | virginicd Say... oti css seen twee * 99

INDEX. 171
Page. Page
Gryphostrea, subeversa Conrad, ............- . 50 Mammalia . Blea Nae ana aeee 25, 26, 128
ryrodes REE epee eet SS ak cece sec 12 Margarita TUCAGH bn, mae was seth sd asa 96
, a oe: johnsoni as sigh Ne SORRY EERE 25, 26, 69, 136
pupilla Gould Eye eee ee em a 69
p Hemifusns wilkesana F. M. Anderson....... 18 SDE oases joe eee ee 31, 35, 39
; Hinnites giganteus Ci eee 21,126 | Margaritana subangulata Cooper..._......... 48
Hoplites- -o 7 enn E eee ds 3 Mee kiaisellaGapiiae: sce err 11, 104
es Melongona Spi aa oa a ee 25, 26, 27
; I. Merolnixccetee re ee ee Se Anes « 49-50
Inoceramus whitneyi Gabb............2.... 12 Sabbinisp eels ae: eke 13,49-50, 108
Ra fs. Bix: il OLN Ga By seen ee et Sea oes 13, 50, 109
ieee : Ovalis' Gabbe gts) eect 13, 50, 108
< tivasana' Conrad’ 22-23. 2 13, 50, 109
Jacalitos formation, correlation of............ g | Metis alta Conrad...................- 17, 24, 25, 118
DACA 28 HOR Ree arn noe SON ee ae Soe ee 24, 25, 30, 34
| OCT ty) ee 22-24 | Miltha H. fa PARR AILINIG tee are ey A: ays 57-58
ViS30R Gite gon 24-26, 63-70 | sancteecrucis n. sp-.-./_.....---- 18,57-58, 118
2s ee 27-28, 128-188, 148 | Miocene rocks, occurrence and character of.. 16-45
plinnoreetet aid Of. ........- <2. -1.i05202. 5 | Modiola ornata Gabb......................-- 14
Jurassic rocks, occurrence and character of.. 10 | Modiolus directus Dall.............2..... 30, 34,38
$4 rectus Conrad {= s2% says 12 ees 30, 34, 38, 146
; ; K. Monia macroschisma Deshayes.... 24,25,27,75, 134
_ Knoxville-Chico rocks, description of..._.... 10 ee ee De EE Seca ae cies,
; cc oD CSE SS eee ee {1-19 | Mulinia Gray............-..22 2.22. 22-e 29, 54-55
Knoxville rocks, correlation PUSS aoe 9 densata Conrad -.....- iia pas Aces 1,
eee ae ri 24, 25, 34, 38, 42, 54-55, 140, 148
WA. MMOL MM: Wars 5222 .2=cee 17, 54-55, 116
= Te PMS ase oe Onn oo as ee er ee 29
japonica Saye c 8: one 30, 34, 38, 42, 43, 86, 164
Leda gabbi Conrad... 1815,16,100 | MY#loconcha coalingensisn. sp... see 24,
Leptothyra is 69 | 25, 27, 73-74, 144, 150
Literature, list ee ee: ee 6-7 | incurvus Conrad. -o--. ses eee 45,74
————— ll l—i—sSCS 86-87 | Mytilus (Linneus) Bolten! =. "eee: Bb ety 73-75
grandis Middendorf.................... Re ee ee =
mariana n. sp..... 31, 35, 39, 42, 43,47, 86-87, 164 | (Mytiloconcha) coalingensis nN. Sp? -': aee 24,
var. altan.sp.......... 31, 35, 39, 42,87, 164 | [ Pa Sg og ete ee
petricola Dall ........ —- 86 | (Mytiloconcha) incurvus Conrad ........ 45, 74
Retain. : ASCE WSONT Gal DAs. a t325 2-2 eee ee 2, 74
has Angeles, Meta caneidioniot..’..<.1. 9 var. expansus Arnold........... 17, 74, 116
Loxorhynchus grandis Stimpson. ..._.... 32, 36, 40 N.
Loxotrema turrita Gabb..............:..... 14, 113 |
Lucina acutilineata ..................22222.. 128 | Narona irelaniana Cooper........---...--:--- 52
Dunatia hornii Gabb.................2.. 14,15, 113 | Nassa Lamarek.............-....-+-+------- 88-89
lewisii Gould............... 25, 26, 31,35, 39, 150 ealiforniana Conrad.......:..- 31, 35, 39, 88, 160
» eee i 11,14; 113 | var. coalingensis n. var. 31,35, 39,88-89, 160
Lytocerassacya Forbes...................... 19) | GNOUICR 2S. toe 5. Sse same eee 31, 35, 39
| Nerita triangulata Gabb.................-.. 14, 113
M. TAARVES ROLL UGE ca ooo ere aren Rene ee nee rere 29
- MeKittrick formation, correlation of......... 22 ie wseadaeer sf peseeas tn -
Macoma Leach..............-...--.. 55-56, 64-66 ge deaadag melee ete eles
Bint Conrad 66 recluziana Petit......... 25,26, 31,35, 40, 44, 146
2S So ite a eS var. alta Dall... ............... 82, 36, 40, 146
inquinata Deshayes........ 30, 34, 38, 43, 86, 164 aa a ae
jaecalitosana n:sp:........-..2....: 24, 25, 65, 138 Reaicantiligh cee teecs cee if 14
nasuta Conrad......... 21, 30, 34, 38, 65, 146, 156 | ~ cee ane nene ge a mae Sy
7 Nucula castrensis Hinds.................. 31, 35, 39
piercei i GO Ne eee 17, 55-56, 120 7ST RE Ie ON hele OMI u
secta Conrad ...... 17, 24, 25, 27, 30, 34, 38) 55, 146 ene aes
vanviecki n. sp........ 24, 25, 27, 65-66, 130, 138 | oO.
Sa 24, 25, 30, 34, 38, 64-65, 136
Miette Eanes. ...........-.....-..2..-... 71-72 | Ocinebra topangensis Arnold............... 18, 124
albaria Conrad ................... 30, 34, 38, 142 | Olivella biplicata Conrad................- 32, 36, 40
BA MALEOUEGAD Det. c5< 9n< cin s ps osc - a5 11, 104 | pedroana Conrad... .......+4sepsavens 32, 36, 40
_ coalingensis n.sp .......... Brose alee, 100.) |, ODAHS Sp «0s c4< ce sures sess nies nuushnpecpa 32, 36, 40
REC TERRULLG SES ieth'n oc enw cesec'ecrambics 72 | Orbitolitessp........... bh. CAneE Ragheb 13, 108

iY ne y INDEX.
Page. Page.
Ostrea. . 5.2 cc 3ske2eseesecee eee eee 50, 77-80 | PisaniafortisCarpenter var.angulata Arnold. 32,
atwoodi Gabb..... 24, 25, 27, 31, 35, 39, 42, 78, 140 36, 40
aviculiformis F. M. Anderson.... 13,15, 50, 106 IPiSCGS eae seas eee eer 25, 26, 32, 36, 40, 47,100, 156
AaitensisD all 2 22222 ese seo eee 77,78 | Placunanomia Broderips.--- 2p see eee 75-76
idriaensis| GADDEss. assesses eee eee 13, 106 californican.sp--..-...-.-.- 31, 35, 39, 75-76, 154
lurida Carpenter. - ..----.- 31, 25, 29, 47, 48, 167 cumingi Reeve -=2 22... 2222 75
sculpturata Conrad ......-.------------ .. 45,78 inornataiGabb:....--2=-:.ssss== 13, 15, 108, 109
(Gryphostrea) subeversa Conrs1...----- 50 macroschisma : =. -.25 3.2. 25 seca eee 134
titan Conrad=- eee 17, 19,21, 22, 116, 126, 128 plicata Tuomey and Holmes ............ 75
Vestenil Gap Dae ee nee : 10,78. | Plagioetenium: Dall <= 225-6. -=-— eee 16-77
vespertina Conrad: .2.22. 2-6. == = eee 31, deserti Conrad. << 2225 --225- === 16-77
35, 39, 42, 43, 44, 74-79, 80,85, 154 | Planorbis Guettard...-.-..-..-.--- osteo 48, 95-96
Var, Sequens J. Valsee sees ees eeee 31, tumens Carpenter-.s--5------ == eee 48
35, 39, 42, 43, 79-80, 164 Vanviecki 1.\sp-ssss2 seeeecees 47, 48, 95-96, 166
SD oo 0552522 ose bee eee eee 13, 31, 35, 39 virens COOPELr: ..---~225-2-- 2 S-= see eee 95
Pleurotoma Lamarck.......-.---- 52-54, 61-62, 90
& coalingensis n. Sp -2222-sssse5— 32, 36, 40,90, 150
Pachydiscusispt-e<5---c22s0-=oee ee eeeeeee i domienginein: spss eas ee eee 14, 52-538, 113
PanOmMly ae s4 sees oa eee 68 fresnoensis M. Sp_-2 8-2 2e eee 14, 58-54, 114
Panopea Menard ..-...--------+-.----------- 64 guibersonimesple eee ee 14,54, 114
abrupta Conrad .......-.---------------- 64 (Bathytoma) piercei n. sp ......-..- 61-62, 124
estrellana Conrad... ....-:.------- 25, 27,64, 136 (Drillia) torosa Carpenter..-......------- tow; |
estrellanus Conrad .-2- 22223355 eee 64") “Pliohippus Spo. 5-5-6 25, 26, 128
generosa Gould.....-- 24, 25, 27, 31, 35, 39, 64,742 | Pododesmus(Monia)macroschismaDeshayes. 75
Paphia Bolienk 2-4o-20- 2 eee eee 48,66-67 | Polymorphina sp: --_.------2--0-eeeeeeeeeee 14
jacalitosensis n. sp.......-------- 25, 66-67, 138 | Potamides carbonicola Cooper.......---.-.- 14, 112
staleyi Gabb.........--. 25,27, 31,35, 39, 47, 158 | Psephis tantilla Gould............-...-..-... 3
tenerrima Conrad.......--- 25, 27, 31, 35, 39, 142 | Pseudocardium gabbi Rémond.......-.-.- 55, 148
tcancata Gabbe ee eee 31, 35,39 | Puente Hills, rocks of, section of...-........- 9
att : Seer 4 Pulvulina Sp. .-.2-2---:2=2-s2s--S=s= ees 14
ee sealer erer es 9S = nue Purpura crispata Chemnitz. ..-.-..-..--.---- 89
ecten Miller; 32.2 22522 e Somee pee eeee 76-77 :
5 : fe lima. F. M. Anderson =. =- <------e==eeeeee 60
andersoni Ammold: 2.s5.425-2-eeee ee 17,19, 120 Sceulso Thao
bowersi Amold: --2.-22245--= eee eee 19 .
coalingaensis Arnold... ....- 31, 35, 39, 42, 44, 158 R.
erassicardo Conrad....-.--... 17,21, 22, 25, 27, 180 : :
(Plagioctenium) deserti Conrad....-...-.- 31, Rimella canalifera Gabb.......------------- 14, 112
35, 39, 44, 76-77, 158 3
estrellanus Conrad........-- 17, 21, 22, 25, 27, 126 .
gibbus Linnzeus var. concentricus Say... (45 | Sagrimasp.--225--- 2-2 ose eineeee 14
interradiatus Gabb...........--- 13,16, 108,109 | Santa Clara Valley, rocks of, correlation of... 9
marnolia Conradh. 45 stat ey cee ee 19 | Santa Cruz Mountains, rocks of, correlation
miguelensis Arnolds. 5 sete ene tee 17 Of... ooies. dee eee 9
moran ATnola3 335 eee eee 77 | Santa Maria district, rocks of, correlation
nutter Amold > — 2-225. ssesee secs 31, 35, 39, 160 Of. ook sJs5 se dee 9
(Patinopecten) oweni Arnold...........- 25, | Santa Margarita formation, age of............ 21-22
27,31, 35, 39, 42, 152 correlation of... 5/2 -@e5 asso eee ee 9
peckhami Arnold..........22.:.-- 13, 15, 16, 108 description of¢=...-. 35. ¢2sse6=es=eeeeeee 20-21
(Chlamys) wattsi Arnold... .... 31, 35, 39, 42, 160 fossils Ofi2. 40030 sexe see eee 21-22, 126-130
var. etchegoini F. M. Anderson. ..... 31, | Saxidomus,Conrad 2.0. tsa -sesee see 56
35, 39, 42,77 | nuttalliiConrad.-22---=--see 25, 31, 35, 39, 56, 148
Pectiimewlus: .3< 23... 6+ sen eee 12 | vaquerosensis N. Sp.--.-...2.-.csecs 17,56, 120
seplentrionalis Anderson........------.-- 80,82 | Schizodesma abscissa Gabb.........-. 25, 26, 27, 180
Sce also Glycymeris. Schizotherus nuttalli Conrad............. 31, 35, 39
Pelecypoda. 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 21, 24, 25, 26, 30-31,34-35, pajaroanus Conrad........... 25, 26, 27, 31, 35, 39
38-39, 47, 49-50, 54-59, 64-69, 71-83, | Scutella merriami F. M. Anderson.......... 18, 118
91-95, 104-112, 116-130, 134-160, 164-167 | perrini Weaver....-..5-- 0. assess 30, 34, 38, 162 ©
Perissolax brevirostris Gabb..............- 11,104 | Semele rubropicta Dall........-...... 31, 35, 39, 156
Petricola sp. -.~. 2.62 -- sce ssa nens anes nin a=ns 13 | Septifer Reoluz....~~.. 2. sess cun een 58-59
Phacoides Blainville,. .. sve. ees ceneueene ae 57-58 bifurcatus Re@s6ve. .s.. <.c ss anna meee 59
acutilineatus Conrad.......-... 17,31, 35, 39, 122 | coalingensis n. Sp. ....cc.scevewas 17, 58-59, 116
childrenf Gray: 2 .i.2.:2.esaaamee eee 58 | dichotomus Gabb.<: . 20. ..ueeeeaen 13, 59, 106
(Miltha) sancteeerucis n. sp...... 17, 67-68, 118 | Serpulorbissp..:..2....-s0mseh eaten 14, 112
Pholadidea ovoidea Gould...............- 31, 35,39 | Sigaretus scopulosus Conrad..........- 32, 36, 40, 154 ©
Physa Draparnaud.....cio..2s0 center 97-98 | Siliqua‘nuttalli Conrad..........-.-....5- 31, 35, 39
Costata Cooper. < ceieuwwcacie ouvir ene eae 97 | PETE ee een 31
costata Newcomb. ..o.42eescsunkssesueee 48 | Siphonalla.. 50... jes nns.dueuyvaswanNe es eens 60
himeross Gould... .. A -: ..sceenee 47,48, 166 | Solen parallelus Gabb...........-.-++++-++:- 13
wattsin.sp......... ...- 47,48, 97-98, 166 | picarius Goulds..,cncc seemed 21, 31, 35, 39, 42, 164
Pierce, J. H., fossils collected by.........-.-- 21 | BD is valued seveow usa’ cs ton 11, 31, 35, 39

it eee EE 9

__ Tamiosoma gregaria Conrad. -..........-....- 20,

. 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 32, 36, 40, 126
TI Sh 158
Bebejounerumiion, age of........-...--2...-..- 15-16

CUS Oe 9
CU SULW DC 12-13
SSO 13-16, 49-54, 106-114
Di) id... io ese 49
Mineomin Alo 5---..-.--.-.-- 25, 26,27, 184 |
COSA A ()) —— 13, 15, 106
SMUAIHENSIS 1.Sp-...-.--...--.---- 13,49, 106
(ODE Gf 11, 104
«bis. sotto 13
Terebratalia occidentalis Dall...........- 30, 34, 38
RimigaaeArHOld...--..-...-..-- 30, 34, 38, 42; 160
Lb CUS 14
Tertiary rocks, occurrence and character of.. 12-45
(CULM Sk. Jee 69-70, 89
crispatus Chemnitz. ..... 25, 26, 32, 36, 40, 89, 128
etchegoinensis n. sp.-........- 32, 36, 40,89, 142
kettlemanensis n. sp... 25, 26, 27,69-70, 136, 148
iiaMCOsaMA ATMOIG ss. - 2 22--------- 400. 89
(Do jo Sedo see pees ieee 32
Thracia (Leach) Blainville................. 68-69
jacalitosensis n. sp.......-...- 25, 26, 68-69, 138
aapezoides Conrad. --_........-.-..-...- 68
eiivela inezana Conrad <...........-........- 17
Topography, description of..............-.-. 78
itirechvcaranna Morch.............--.------ 57
REIMNIGEGSCHSIS 2 hse cas cases e ee 57, 124
Transennella Dall. .......-- oe kone ee 72-73
eaittommica Tl. Sp... 22: ---- 31, 35, 39, 72-73, 158
oC rh a i 3
PPOOIGeS SAVAINSON. -<....2....:5---------- 51-52
kreyenhagenin.sp...........--. 14, 51-52, 113
Tritonium californicum Gabb.....-........ 14, 112

O

pers ' INDEX. 173
*< Page Page.
Spherium SECT See eee eee 94-95 | Trochita filosa Gabb.............-. 18, 32, 36, 40, 42
Seerepenuit. SP _...-..2.----2.-.-...- 47, 48,94, 166 Bb cite Soe a eee ee ee ee 18
dentatwm Haldeman..................... 48,94 | Trochocyathus striatus Gabb................ 14

e _ kettlemanensis ees Dnise s.c-= Hilpth aoe P0Owl EEOCHOSINIUS SP os oas oo 55 e% eee ewe nce. 14
a go3 bro phormMoniories a= soe nee 59-60, 87-88
Es Brett aMArCK ©... 22.2. ee eee’ 94,95 (Forreria) bartoni n. sp......... 18, 59-60, 120
mepimoriyphus Daudin..-..................--. 51 (Forreria) carisaensis F.M. Anderson... 21,

er tejonensis 1) SOR 5h Go 14,51, 113 22, 126
Fe Spisnia alparia Conrad .....-........--....-- 72 (Forreria) gabbianum F.M. Anderson... 138,
_ Spondylus carlosensis F. M. Anderson...... 13, 106 60, 116
-_ Sateemibratic ir aid Of. -...:--.-.------.-- 5 var. cancellarioides n. var.....-- 18,60, 118
; ‘Stonebarger, Earl, work of.......,.-....-... 5 (Forreria) coalingense n. sp 32,36, 40,87-88, 150
Stratigraphy, description of.............---- 8 (Forreria) kernensis F. M. Anderson.... 59

(Forreria) ponderosum Gabb.........-.. 25,
26, 27, 32, 36, 40, 88, 134
(Boreotrophon) stuarti Smith.. 32,36, 40,88, 156

Tulare formation, age of. ...............----- 48
correlation ofereses 24-6 see ee ee 9
GeSeni DiORGh=. == esa fee eee oe te 4647
TOSSIIS Of eee se Bee 47-48, 91-101, 156, 166-167

Marnitelia Wuamarck 52 5- vane es cee ee 85
imezana Gomrad|: 2-205 5 Acc Sane ene 19
ocoyana Conrad........- 18, 19, 55, 56, 57, 62, 122
pachecoensis Stanton...............-. 14,15, 113
myasansd Conrad so e- sae nen- ee 14, 85, 113
VAR VIGGIUINs SPe-scc.c a= eee ee 32, 36, 40,85, 150

Vv.

M/GGaua tb Ub ahr ds] 5 aceite = Sap ee Soe gee 14

Vaqueros formation, age of.................- 19-20
Correlation Olas se eset onset ene re eae ee 9
description one. so aeceeee <2 e cose ecto 16-17
FOSSUS Os seen we eee eee 17-20, 54-63, 116-124

Venericardia alticostata Gabb............-- 13, 109
planicosta Lamarck.:.....-----.---- 13, 15, 106
SD eet aes Bee aes ae Aa eee See 13

Venus pertenwiS!Gabbi2-. Ss. ence. eee 17, 122
Waninns(Gabpe ney ssc eaec ce se ecas ll

Volutoderma gabbi (White)...............- 11, 104

Wi
Watts, W. L., on Coalinga species. .-.......-. 6
X.

MONOPHOTASD eS sce aeeee ae sen Sade 14
SR VIOUS RISD en nee te actos see -ese se 18, 32, 36, 40
We,

‘Yoldia,impressa Conrad: = 2 So.2 42. se 17
Z.

Zirphza dentata Gabb......... 17, 21, 25, 26, 27, 120

PapDIenyOn =. eee aoe se keane = 31, 35, 39

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747 Paleontology of the
CZA74, Coalinga district

“- 5
Coology

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