LIBRARY .UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY VOLUME V. PALEONTOLOGY OF MISSOURI (PART II CHARLES ROLLIN KEYES, A. M., Ph. D., STATE GEOLOGIST. JEFFERSON CITY: TUrBCN'E PRINTING COMPAXT, PRINTERS AXD BIDDERS. LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS BOARD OF MANAGERS. His EXCELLENCY, WM. J. STONE, GOVERNOR OF MISSOURI, JEFFERSON CITY, Ex officio President of the Board. DR. J. H. BRITTS CLINTON HON W. O. L. JEWKTT SHELBINA PROF. E. M . SHEPARD, Drury College SPRINGFIELD PROF. W. H. SEAMON, School of Mines.. ..ROLLA GEOLOGICAL CORPS. CHARLES R. KEYES, STATE GEOLOGIST. E H. LONSDALE, ASS'T GEOLOGIST, C. F. MARBUT, ASS'T GEOLOGIST, Building Materials. Topography. H. A. WHEELER, ASS'T GEOLOGIST, ERASMUS HAWORTH, ASS'T GEOLOGIST Clays . Crystalline Rocks . E. L. CARTER, SECBETABY. LETTER OF TRANSM1TTAL MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY , JEFFERSON CITY, June 1, 1894. To the President, Governor Wm. J. Stone, and the members of the Board of Managers of the Bureau of Geology and Mines: GENTLEMEN — I have the honor to transmit herewith the second part of my Beport on the Paleontology of Missouri. •With great respect, CHARLES B. KEYES, State Geologist. CONTENTS. Page Part I. Letter of Transmittal 5 Table of Contents 7 List of Illustrations 9 Preface 11 CHAPTER I. Introduction 20 CHAPTER II. Sketch of Missouri Stratigraphy 29 CHAPTER III . Biological Relations of Fossils 88 CHAPTER IV. Protozoans and Sponges 102 CHAPTER V. Hydrozoids and Corals 104 CHAPTER VI . Echinoderms : Echinoids and Asterids 125 CHAPTER VII. Echinoderms : Cystids and Blastoids 132 CHAPTER VIII. Echinoderms: Crinoids 143 CHAPTER IX. Worms and Crustaceans 226 Appendix— Stratigraphic Catalogue of Missouri Fossils 241 Part II. Letter of Transmittal 5 Table of Contents 7 List of Illustrations 9 Preface . . . : 11 CHAPTER X . Polyzoans 13 CHAPTER XI. Brachiopod s 38 CHAPTER XII. Lamellibranchs 108 CHAPTER XIII. Gasteropods 133 CHAPTER XIV. Cephalopods 220 CHAPTER XV. Vertebrates 225) Appendix— Synonymic Index to the Fossils of Missouri 241 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PART I. PLATE i. Gorge of the Missouri at Jefferson City, ii. Saccharoidal Sandstone at Pacific. iii . Unconformity of Lower Carboniferous and Ozark Limestones . iv. Mistissippian Section, v. Louisiana Limestone at Louisiana, vi. Lover's Leap, Hannibal (Lower Carboniferous). vii. Louisiana Topography, viil. Saint Louis Limestone. ix. Juncture of Coal Measures and Saint Louis Limestone, x. Carboniferous Rocks at Kansas City. xi. Development of Actinocrinus. xii. Protozoans, Sponges and Corals. xiii. Corals, xiv Corals, xv. Echinoids xvi. Echinoids. xvii. Echinoids, Structure, xviii . Cyetids and B 1 astoids . xix. Crinoids, Structure xx. Crinoids. xxi. Crinoids. xxii. Crinoids. xxiii. Crinoids. xxiv. Crinoids. xxv. Crinoids. xxvi. Crinoids. xxvii. Crinoids. xxviii. Crinoids. xxix. Crinoids. xxx. Crinoids. xxxi. Crinoids. xxxii. Crustaceans. PART II xxxiii. Polyzoans. xxxiv. Poljzoans. xxxv. Brachiopods. xxxvi. Brachiopods xxxvii. Brachiopods. xxxviii. Brachiopods. xxxix. Brachiopods. xl. Brachiopods. xli. Bracniopods. xlii. Lamellibranehs. xliii. Lamellibranchs. G— 2 10 ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATE xliv. Lamellibranchs. xlv. Lamellibranchs. xlvi . Lamellibranchs . xlvii. Lamellibranchs. xlviii. Gasteropods. xlix. Gasteropods. 1. Gasteropods. li. Gasteropods. lii. Gasteropods. liii. Cephalopods. liv. Cephalopods. FIGURES IN PART I. FIGURE 1. Section at Railroad Bridge north of Fredericktown, Madison county, show- ing contact of Cambrian and Archasan. 2. Ideal section of the Deposition of the Ozark Rocks 3. Relation of Saint Louis and " Warsaw " beds at Keokuk, Iowa. 4. False bedding of Oolite at Ste. Genevieve. 5. Relation of the Aux Vases Sandstone. 6. Eocks at Chester ( Illinois ) showing Coal Measure sandstone resting on Kas- kaskia limestone and shales. 7. Line of juncture at figure 6. 8. Lower Coal Measures resting on Brecciated Saint Louis limestone at Keokuk , Iowa. 9. Plan of Actinocrinus. PART II. 10. Variation of Capnlus equilateralis (from above). 11. Variation of Capulus equilateralis (from side) . PKEFA.CE. The Paleontology of Missouri is contained in two volumes. Part I, which forms volume IV of the subject reports of the Missouri Geological Survey, and contains chapters I to IX and plates i to xxxn, has already been published. In addi- tion to the consideration of the fossils, there is included an introductory chapter on the stratigraphy of the State, accom- panied by a geological map compiled from the work of former surveys and data obtained by the present organization. The second part of the Paleontology of Missouri is con- tained in the following pages. It embraces chapters X to XV and plates xxxm to LIV of the entire work. In it are con- sidered the Polyzoans, Brachiopods, .Lamellibranchs, Gastero- pods, Cephalopoda and Vertebrates. CHAPTER X. POLYZOANS. Phacelopora pertenuis ULRICH. Plate xxxiii, fig. 3. Phacelopora pertenuis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 406, pi. xxix, figs. 1-lc. Horizon and localities — Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- stone : Thebes ( Illinois ).; apparently the same form occurs in Missouri below Cape Girardeau. Homotrypa arbuscula ULRICH. Homotrypa arbuscula Ulrioh, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 409, pi. xxxviii, figs. 3-3c. Horizon and localities. — Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- stone : Calhoun county ( Illinois ). Leioclema gracillimum ULRICH. Leioclemi gracillimum Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 429, pi. Ixxv, figs. 6-6b. Horizon and localities — Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Hannibal; Keokuk limestone: Clark county; Keokuk (Iowa) ; Warsaw ( Illinois ). Leioclema punctatum (HALL). Callopora punctata Hall, 1858 : Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 653. Callopora missouriensis Rorninger. 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 117. Leioclema punctatum Ulrich, 1882: Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., vol: V, p. 141, pi. vi, fig. 1-la. Leioclema punctatum Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 430. Zoarium large, dichotomizing; branches three or four mil- limeters in diameter, and arising from broad basal expansions 14 POLYZOANS. or attached to foreign objects; surface even, often slightly spinous. Zocecial walls thick ; openings elliptical, surrounded by numerous small mesopores. Acanthopores rather large. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone : LaGrange, Wayland and other places in north- eastern Missouri; and in the same beds of the contiguous por- tions of the adjoining states. Leioclema foliatum ULRICH. Leioclema fohatum Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 431, fig. 1 (on p. 301). Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk beds : Warsaw ( Illinois ). Leioclema araneum ULRICH. Leioclema araneum Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 431, pi. Ixxv, figs. 9-9c. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Chester shales: Ste. Genevieve ; Chester ( Illinois). Batostomella nitidula ULRICH. Batostomella nitidula Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 436, pi. Ixxv, figs. 3-3b. Horizon and localities — Lower Carboniferous, Chester shales : Chester ( Illinois ) ; apparently the same form as occurs in Ste. Genevieve county, Missouri. Stenopora americana ULRICH. Stenopora americana Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIIL, p. 437, pi. Ixxv, figs. 1-la. Stenopora americana, var. varsaviensis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 437, pi. Ixxiv, figs. 3-3a. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). Stenopora montifera ULRICH. Stenopora montifera Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p 438, pi. Ixxiv, figs. 4-4b. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Clark county ; Bentonsport (Iowa). POLYZOANS. 15 Stenopora emanciata ULRICH. Stenopora emanciata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 438, pi. Ixxiv, figs. 2-2a. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone : Warsaw ( Illinois ). Stenopora intercalaris ULRICH. Stenopora intercalaris Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 439, pi. Ixxiv, figs. 5-5a. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone : Warsaw ( Illinois ). Stenopora angularis ULRICH. Stenopora angularis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 439, pi. Ixxiv, figs. 6-6b. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: LaGrange. Stenopora inter mittens ULRICH. Stenopora intermittens Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 440, figs. 16a-b. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone : Warsaw ( Illinois). Stenopora tuberculata (PROUT). Flustra tuberculata Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acid. Sci., vol. I, p. 447, pi. xvii, figs. 3-3d. Cydopora polymorpha ? Prout, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 578. Cydopora polymorpha Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 421, pi. xxi, figs. 5-5b. Stenopora tuberculata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 441, figs. 17a-b. Zoarium variable in size and shape, forming thin expan- sions on shells of brachiopods and the hard parts of other organisms ; often free, with a well-defined and wrinkled epitheca on the under side. Surface nearly smooth. Zooscial openings sub-circular or rounded polygonal ; tubes prostrate at first, but rapidly curving outward; walls thin. Mesopores not abundant; diaphragms numerous. Acanthopores of medium size. 16 POLYZOANS. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone : Barrett station ( Saint Louis county ) ; Kaskaskia limestone: Chester (Illinois). Stenopora cestriensis ULRICH. Stenopora cestriensis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p 442, pi. Ixxiv, figs. 7-7a. Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone : Chester ( Illinois ). Stenopora meekana ULRICH. Stenopora meekana Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 443, pi Ixxiii, figs. 7-7a. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone : Chester ( Illinois ). Anisotrypa solida ULRICH. Anisotrypa solida Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 449, pL Ixxii, figs. 9-9e. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone : Ste. Genevieve county ; Chester (Illinois). Fistulipora compressa KOMINGBR. Fistulipora compressa Rominger, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 123. Horizon and localities — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone : LaGrange, Wayland ( Clark county). Fistulipora carbonaria ULRICH. Fistulipora carbonaria Ulrich, 1884: Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. VII, p. 45, pi. iii, figs. 1-la. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures : Kansas City. Meekopora approximata ULRICH. Meekopora approximata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 484, pi. Ixxvii, fig. 5. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Kaskas- kia limestone : Chester ( Illinois ). POLYZOANS. 17 Meekopdra clausa (ULRICH). Fistulipora : Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 206, pi. C, fig. 15. A small form somewhat resembling E. circulus, but with shorter hinge-line, and with distinct radiating ribs. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau ( Kinderhook ) limestone : Yandever Falls ( Cooper county ). Entolium aviculatum (SWALLOW). Plate xlil, figs. 2a-b. Pecten aviculatus Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p.. 125. Entolium aviculatum Meek, 1872: U. S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 189, pi. ix, figs, lla-f. Entolium aviculatum White, 1834 : Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 142, pi. xxviii, figs. 7-8. Shell compressed, very thin, equivalve, subcircular in out- line, with small subequal ears ; anterior and posterior slopes straight, equally inclined to the hinge-line, and forming at the beak an angle of about 120° with each other; hinge-line short. A shallow depression extends from the umbones to the front and back margins of each valve. Surface ornamented by minute concentric lines, which are often crossed by faint radiating striations. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures : Kansas City. 110 LAMELLIBBANCHS. Aviculopecten magna (SWALLOW). Plate xliii, tig. 7. Avicula magna Swallow, 1863 : Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 98. Shell very large, heavy, subcircular in outline; anterior and ventral margins regularly rounded ; hinge -line straight, long, nearly equaling the length of the valves. Left valve quite convex, especially toward the umbo ; beak gibbous, ex- tending slightly beyond the hinge-line; posterior ear short; anterior ear greatly extended. Surface marked by rather large, rounded costse radiating from the beak, .and widely separated from one another; these are crossed by lines of growth, often somewhat imbricated. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone : Springfield (Greene county). Aviculopecten missouriensis (SHUMARD). Pecten missouriensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 207, pi. C, fig. 16. A small form similar to A. occidentalism but having rela- tively larger ribs. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone : Saint Louis. Aviculopecten occidentalis (SHUMARD). Plate xlii, fig. 3. Pecten occidentalis Sbumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 207, pi. C, fig. 18. Pecten cleavelandicus Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, p. 184. Aviculopecten occidentalis ? Meek & Worthen, 1866 : Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 331, pi. xxvii, figs. 4, 5. Pecten misscuriensis ? Geinitz, 1866 : Garb und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 35, tab. ii, fig. 18. (Not Shumard, 1855.) Aviculopecten occidentalis Meek, 1872: U. S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 191, pi. ix,fig. 10. Aviculopecten occidentalis White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 143, pi. xxviii, fig. 3. Shell of medium size, inequivalye, symmetrical, higher than long, regularly rounded below ; hinge-line as long as> the great- est length of valves. Left valve decidedly convex; other one LAMELL1BKANCHS. Ill nearly flat. Ears subequal ; the anterior somewhat smaller than the posterior, and with much more conspicuous radiating costre. Surface marked by low radiating ribs, of which there are about fifteen, that extend from the umbo to the margins, the others disappearing as they approach the beaks. These are crossed by numerous fine, often imbricated, lines of growth. All the surface markings are much more prominent on the left valve than on the right. Horizon and localities — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures : Plattsburg ( Clinton county ), Kansas City. Aviculopecten carboniferus (STEVKNS). Plate xliii, figs. 4a-b. Pecten carboniferus Stevens, 1858 : Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vo1. XXV, p. 261. Pecten broadheadi Swallow, 1863: Trans. St Louis Acaei. Sci., vol. II, p. 97. Pecten hawni Geinitz, 1866 : Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 36, tab. ii, tigs. 19a-b. Aviculopecten carboniferus Meek, 1872: U. S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 193, pi. ix, figs. 4a-b. Aviculopecten carboniferus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 144, pi. xxxviii, figs. 5-6. Shell rather small, oblique, moderately convex, length and breadth nearly equal ; hinge-line nearly or quite straight, and somewhat less in length than the greatest breadth of the valves, provided with a marginal ridge in both valves ; basal margin regularly rounded. Left valve more convex than the other ; posterior ear rather well defined from the swell of the umbo, somewhat extended and terminating in an acute point, separated from the margin below by deep rounded sinus ; ante- rior ear about two-thirds as long as the other, and rather more distinct from the umbo and more obtuse, but still rather acutely angular ; defined by a moderately distinct subangular sinus. Eight valve nearly flat, or distinctly less convex than the other ; its anterior ear narrow, and defined by a deep, rather sharp sinus ; posterior ear of the same size and^form as in the left valve. Surface ornamented in the left valve with about fifteen or sixteen distinct, angular, radiating plications, sepa- rated by furrows of the same size, each one of Which terminates 112 LAMELL1BRANCHS. at the free border in a little spine-like projection with curved- up margin ; lines of growth fine on the body of the valve, but becoming more distinct and irregular on the ears, where there are rarely any denned radiating eostae. At a few distantly separated intervals there are prominent imbricating laminae of growth, showing the same digitate markings as the free bor- ders of the shell. In the right valve the surface markings are somewhat like those of the other valve, but much more obscure, excepting on the anterior wing, where there are a few more distinct radiating costae. ( Meek.) Horizon and localities — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Aviculopecten coxanus MEEK & WORTHEN. Aviculopecten coxanus Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 453. Aviculopecten coxanus Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 326, pi. xxvi, figs. 6a-b. Aviculopecten coxanus Meek, 1872: U. S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 196, pi. ix, figs. 2a-b. Aviculopecten coxanus Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 232. Shell like A. occidentalis Shumard, but very much smaller, thinner, and proportionally longer; ribs larger and further apart ; posterior slope considerably longer than the anterior. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures : Kansas City. Aviculopecten? interlineatus MEEK & WORTHEN. Plate xlii, fig. 6. Aviculopecten interlineatus Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 454. Aviculopecten interlineatus Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. IE, p. 329, pi. xxvi, figs. 7a-b. Aviculopecten? interlineatus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 145, pi. xxx, fig. 9. A small subcircular form, with long straight hinge-line; and characterized especially by prominent, rather distant con- centric ridges. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. LAMELLIBEANCHS. 113 Aviculopecten coryanus WHITE. Aviculopecten coryanus White, 1874: Expl. and Sur. w. 100 Merid. , Prelim. Rep. Invert. FOBS., p. 21. Aviculopecten coryanus White, 1877: U. S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. IV, p. 147, pi. xi, figs. la-b. Like A. occidentalism but much larger, less contracted below the ears, and with coarser radiating ribs. Horizon and Localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures : Kansas City. Aviculopecten fasciculatusKEYEs. Plate xlii, fig. 7. Shell large, similar to A. providensis (Cox ). The ribs small, in bundles of from three to four, with broad channels between contiguous fascicles. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures : Kansas City. Avicula longa (GEINITZ). Gervillia longa Geiniiz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 32, tab. ii, fig. 15. Avicula longa Meek, 1872 : U. S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 199, pi. ix, fig. 8. Avicula longa Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 578, pi. xx vi, fig. 1. ' Avicula longa Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 248. Shell rather below medium size, obliquely elongate, nearly equivalve, with a long posterior ear and a much shorter front extension. Anterior end rather acutely pointed above, sloping- sinuously backward to the nearly straight basal margin ; pos- terior extremity sharply rounded below. Hinge-margin straight, about two-thirds the length of the valves, and extended be- hind into a long narrow wing, producing a deep, rounded sinus between it and the body of the shell. Forward ear broad, somewhat triangular. Beaks rather prominent, situated about one-fourth of the entire length of the hinge-line from the for- ward end of the shell. Surface glabrate, with often fine con- centric lines of growth. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures : Kansas City. G— 9 114 LAMELL1BRANCHS. Monopteria gibbosa (MEEK & WORTHEN), t Plate xliii, figs. 2a-b. Pterinea (Monopteria) gibbosa Meek & Worthen, 1866 : Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 20. Monopteria gibbosa Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 340, pi. xxvii, figs, ll-llb. Monopteria gibbosa White, 1884 : Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Kept., pi. ii, p. 139, pi. xxx, figs. 11-12. Shell suborbicular in outline, gibbous, regularly curved along the anterior and basal margins ; posterior margin pro- duced backward, the umbonal ridge extending from the beak to this rounded angularity. Hinge-line straight, somewhat shorter than greatest length of valves, the posterior alate pro- jection rather long, slender, compressed, with a deep sinus be- low, separating it from the valves beneath. Anterior ear very small. Surface marked only by fine concentric lines of growth. Horizon and localities.— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures : Kansas City. Monopteria longispina (Cox). Plate xlili, fig. 1. Oervillia longispina Cox, 1857: Geol. Sur. Kentucky, vol. III. p. 568, pi. viii, fig. 6. Gervillia auricula Stevens, 1858 : Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol XXV, p. 265 , p. 38. Pterinea (Monopteria) longispina Meek & Worthen, 1866 : Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol.11, p. 341. Like M. gibbosa, but very much more oblique, the posterior angle much more produced, the beaks placed more forward. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Monotis? gregaria MEEK & WORTHEN. Monotis ? gregaria Meek & Worthen, 1870: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Monotis ? gregaria Meek & Worthen, 1875 : Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 573. pi. xxvi, figs. 5a-h. A very small, thin, rounded shell, like Aviculopecten, but without the ears defined. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. LAMELLIBRANCHS. 115 Enchondria neglecta (GEINITZ) Pecien neglectus Geinitz, 1866 : Garb, und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 56, tab.* ill, fig. 7. Aviculopecten neglectus Meek, 1867 : Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol. XLV, p. 64. Avieulopecten neglectus Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 589, pi. xxvi, figs. 7a-b. Enchondria neglecta Meek, 1874 : Am. Jour. Sci. , (3), vol. VII, p. 445. Aviculopecten neglectus Keyes, 1888 : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 232. A small form like an Entolium in general appearance, but with large ribbed ears, and crenulated cardinal margin. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Aviculopinna americana MEKK. Avicula pinnceformis Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 31, tab ii, fig. 13. (Not A. pinnceformis, Geinitz, 1857.) Aviculopinna americana Meek, 1867 : Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol. XLIV, p. 282. Aviculopinna americana Meek, 1872: U. S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 197, pi. ix, figs. 12a-d. Shell small, compressed, with the slender elongated form of some of the Carboniferous species of Pinna ; cardinal and ventral margins generally nearly straight (the latter being the more convex in outline) and converging gradually from behind to the rather obtusely pointed anterior extremity ; posterior side truncated, rounding to the base, and intersecting the ' posterior extremity of the hinge very nearly at right angles ; a little sinuous just below the extremity of the hinge. Cardi- nal margin so slightly convex in outline as to appear quite straight, very nearly equaling the greatest length of the valves, and provided with a well-defined marginal ridge, which narrows to a mere line, or dies out before reaching the beaks, and widens very gradually to the posterior extremity. Beaks nearly or quite obsolete, extremely oblique, and very slightly behind the very narrow, obtusely pointed anterior extremity. Surface with two or three broad, nearly obsolete radiating ridges on the posterior dorsal region, and ornamented by numerous slender, very regularly disposed and abruptly elevated lines of lamellae, much narrower than the space between and curving gracefully 116 LAMELLIBEA.NCHS. parallel to the posterior border ; while on the basal half of the valves they are closely approximate and curve forward. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures : Forest City ( Holt county ). Pinna missouriensis SWALLOW. Pinna missouriensis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 97. A rather large shell with radiating ridges on the posterior slopes. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone : Ste. Genevieve. Pinna peracuta SHUMARD. Plate xlv, figs. 2a-b. Pinna peracuta Shumard, 1858 : Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 214. Pinna peracuta Meek, 1872: U. S. Geog. and Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 198, pi. vi, figs, lla-b. Pinna peracuta White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 145, pi. xxviii, figs. 1-2. Shell attaining a large size, very convex or somewhat cylindrical, flattened behind; hinge-line straight; ventral mar- gin nearly straight ; posterior rounded. Surface smooth, or marked only by lines of growth. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures : Kansas City. Lithophaga sp ? Plate xlii, figs. 8a-b. Shell moderately long, very ventricose, compressed and sharply rounded posteriorly; hinge-line straight, about two- thirds as long as the valves ; beaks obtuse, terminal. Surface marked only by closely arranged lines of growth. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone : Louisiana. LAMELLIBHA.NCHS. 117 Lithophaga pertenuis MEEK & WOKTHEN. Lithophaga ? pertenuis Meek & Worlhen, 1865: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 245. Lithophaga? pertenuis Sleek & Worthen, 1875 : Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 539, pi. xxii, figs. la-b. Much larger and less robust than the species figured; sur- face smooth, with only fine lines of growth. Horizon and Localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone : Saint Louis. Myalina keokuk WORTHEN. Myalina keokuk Worthen, 3875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VI, p. 524, pi. xxx, fig. 5. Like M. angulata, but with stout beaks and heavier valves . Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone : Bonaparte (Iowa) ; St. Francis ville (Clark county). Myalina sancti-ludovici WORTHEN. Myalina sancti-ludovici Worthen, 1873 : Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 540, pi. xxii, fig. 3. Closely related to M. angulata, but much smaller and more delicate. Horizon and localities — Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone : Saint Louis. Myalina kansasensis SHUMARD. Plate xliii, fig. 5. Myalina kansasensis Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol.1, p. 213. Closely related to M. recurvirostris M. & W., but with the concentric lamillse prominently corrugated. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures : Kansas City. Myalina recurvirostris MEEK & WORTHEN. Plate xlv, figs. la-b. Myahna recurvirostris Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 456. Myalina recurvirostris Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol II, p. 344, pi. xxvi, figa.9a-c. Myalina recurvirostris White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Kept., pt. ii, p. 140, pi. xxix, figs. 3-4. 118 LAMELLIBBANCHS. Similar to M. swallowi but inequivalve, very much larger, heavier, and with the beaks incurved; surface with somewhat imbricated lines of growth. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures : Kansas City. Myalina perattenuata MEEK&HAYDEN. Myalina perattenuata Meek & Hayden, 1858: Trans. Albany Institute, vol. IV, p. 77. Myalina perattenuata Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 582, pi. xxvi, fig. 11. Shell rather small, with sharp, protruding beaks, and broadly rounded posterior margin. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Myalina angulata MEEK & WORTHEN. Myalina angnlata Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 455. Myalina angulata Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 300, pi. xxiii, figs. 7a-b. Shell quite large, with extended, compressed beaks, and subalate dorsum. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone : Ste. Mary ( Ste. Genevieve county ). Myalina subquadrata SHUMARD. Plate xliv, figs, la-b and 2a-b. Myalina subquadrata Shumard, 1855 : Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Kept., p. 207, pi. C, fig. 17. Myalina subquadrata Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dy as in Nebraska, p. 27, tab. iii, figs. 25-26. Myalina subquadrata Meek, 1872: U. S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 202, pi. iv, fig. 12; and pi. ix, fig. 6. Myalina subquadrata White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Kept., pt. ii, p. 140, pi. xxix, figs. 1-2. Shell large, massive, oblong, somewhat higher than long, winged above the posterior umbonal slope. Hinge-line straight, as long as the greatest length of valves; below regularly curved ; anterior border somewhat concave above ; posterior margin nearly straight, vertical. Beaks terminal. Cardinal LAMELLIBEANCHS. 119 area broad with well-defined farrows. Surface marked by fine concentric lines of growth and imbricated lamellae. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures : Kansas City. Myalina swallovi MCCHESNEY. Plate xllii, figs. 3a-c. Myalina swallovi McChesney, 1859 : Desc. New Species Foss., p. 57. Myalina swallovi Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 341, pi. xxvii, fig 1. Myalina swallovi McChesney, 1867 : Trans. Chicago A cad. Set.,, vol. I, p. 4, pi. ii, fig 6. Ancella hausmanni Geinitz, 1866 : Garb und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 25, tab. ii, fig. 8. ( Not Qoldfuss, 1834.) Myalina? swallovi Meek, 1875: U. S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 201, pi. ix, figs. 7a-b. Myalina? swallovi White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Report for 1883, p. 141, pi. xxx, figs. 6, 7, 8. Myalina swallovi Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 232. Shell rather small, nearly or quite equivalve, modioliform or mytiloid, convex, or even subangular, along the umbonal slopes from the beaks to the anterior basal margin ; posterior and postero-dorsal regions cuneate ; cardinal border nearly straight, and about one-half the length of the valves, passing almost imperceptibly, or without any angularity, into the pos- terior margin, which rounds down with a semicircular curve to the narrowly rounded basal extremity; antero-basal border ascending obliquely forward, more or less sinuous near the middle, or sometimes a little above, usually swelling out into a kind of lobe or protuberance above the middle in front of the umbonal slope. This prominence sometimes extends a little beyond the beaks and varies more or less in breadth. Beaks small, very oblique, not projecting beyond the cardinal margin, and located so near the anterior extremity as often to appear very nearly terminal. Surface rather smooth, but showing fine concentric lines, which in well-preserved specimens are some- times crossed by very fine, obscure traces of radiating stria- tions that curve upward on the posterior dorsal region. ( Meek.) Horizon and localities — Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal Measures : Carbonier ( Saint Louis county ) ; Upper Coal Measures : Richmond ( Ray county), Kansas City. 120 LAMELLIBRANCHS. Macrodon tenuistriatus MEEK ties. — Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau limestone, Sedalia ; Burlington limestone: Louisiana. The apical portion of the shell is more slender and ex- tended than the tjpe would indicate from casual examination. The typical specimen has the longitudinal folds much more prominent than is apparent in an average example of the species ; for in the majority of individuals the plications are scarcely noticeable. This species is widely distributed geo- graphically, and preserves its individuality remarkably over its entire range. Typical specimens have been collected at LeGrand, in central Iowa, at Burlington, in the southeastern part of the same state, at Lodi, Ohio, and Sedalia, in west-cen- tral Missouri. Careful comparisons of the Sedalia specimens described by Miller, and those from other localities mentioned, leave little room for doubt that the recently named Platyceras nasu- tum is anything else than the same form noted more than 30 years ago, by White & Whitfield, under the title of P. para- Hum. Capulus tribulosus ( WHITE). Plate liii, figs, lla-c. Platycerastribulosum White, 1883: U. S. Geol. Sur. Terr., 12th Ann. Rep. , p. 186, pi. xli, figs. 6a-b. Platyceras tribulosum Keyes, 1889 : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 290. Capulus tribulosus Keyes, 1890: Am. Geol., vol. VI, p. 9. Capulus tribulosus Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 170, pi. ii, figs. 4a-b. Shell rather below medium size, subspiral, rather slender, forming about one volution ; regularly expanding to the aper- ture. Apex incurved, far removed from the body of the shell. Aperture irregularly oval ; usually more or less broadly lobed posteriorly; lip sharp, irregular, with usually a deep sinus anteriorly. Surface glabrate, but exhibiting numerous fine, closely arranged lines of growth; also marked by three longi- 176 GrASTEROPODS. tudinal series of long tubular spines, extending from the aper tural margin about three fourths the distance to the apex. Of these spiniferous rows two are disposed laterally, one on each side and the third centrally and dorsally. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Hannibal, Louisiana. This is one of the few spiniferous species belonging to the genus Oapulus ; and only two others of similar character occur in the American Carboniferous rocks. It appears to be closely allied to C. biserialis ( Hall ), and may eventually prove identi- cal with that form, from which it apparently differs only in having three, instead of two, rows of spines. Thus far it has been noted only in the two divisions of the Burlington lime- stone, when it occurs in the thin sandy-clay partings, associated with delicate and beautifully preserved bryozoans. The type specimen is not a characteristic representative of the species, being in several particulars quite abnormal. Capulus latus (KEYES). Plate liii, figs. 13a-b. Platyceras latum Keyes, 1888: Proc. Am. Philosophical Soc. , vol. XXV,. p. 242, figs. 10-11. (Reprint, p. 14.) Platyceras latum Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Set., Phlla., p. 290. Capulus latus Keyes, 1890: Am. Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. Platyceras latum Miller, 1890 : N . A. Geol. and Pal. , p. 416. Capulus latus Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 168. Shell somewhat like C. equilateralis in general physiognomy, but more campanulate, and with the apical parts relatively smaller. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Burling- ton limestone: Burlington (Iowa); Hannibal. This form is seldom well preserved, the majority of the specimens being more or less exfoliated. GU-STEROPODS. 177 Capulus obliquus (KEYES). Plate liii. figs. 14a-b Platyceras obliquum Keyes, 1888 : Proc. Am. Philosophical Soc., vol. XXV, p. 141, figs. 12-13. (Reprint, p. 13.) Platyceras obliquum Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 290. Capulus obliquus Keyes, 1890: Am. Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. Capulus obliquus Keyes, 1890 : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 168, pi. ii, fig. 3. Shell of medium size, irregularly oblong, subspiral, forming one volution ; regularly enlarging, slightly more rapidly trans- versely than in the opposite direction, to the aperture. Apex large, obtuse, far removed from the body of the shell, which is broadly arcuate ; very noticeably oblique to the plane of gen- eral curvature in the body of the shell. Aperture irregularly quadrangular in outline ; margin sharp and more or less sinu- ous. Surface marked by several undefined plications, which sometimes form longitudinal series of obscure nodes; these are crossed by numerous sinuous, often somewhat imbricated, lines of growth. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Hannibal; Burlington (Iowa). Capulus biserialis (BALL). Plate liii, figs. 12a-b. Platyceras biserialis Hall, 1859 : Geology Iowa, vol. I, pt. ii, Supp.,p. 90. Platyceras biserialis Moek & Wortben, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. Ill, p. 509, pi. xv, figs. 3a-b. Capulus biserialis Keyes, 1890 : American Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. Capulus biserialis Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 167. This species is similar to Capulus tribulosus ( White ), but has only two, instead of three, longitudinal rows of spines. Horizon and localities. — Burlington limestone : Quincy, Illinois. A marked characteristic of this form and also of C. tribu- losus ( White ) is, that the tubular spines are arranged in longi- tudinal rows, while in the few other American spine-bearing Capuli, there is no regularity in the distribution of the spinous processes. The spines are easily broken, and hence are seldom preserved to their full length; often they are scarcely notice- able. G— 13 178 GASTEROPODS. Capulus equilateralis (HALL). Plate lii, figs. lOa-b. Platyceras eguilatera Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, Supp., p. 89. Platyceras eguilatera Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 518, pi. xvii, fig. 2. Platyceras equilateralis Miller, 1877: Cat. Am. Pal. FOBS., p. 156. Platyceras eguilatera White, 1880: Geol. Sur. Indiana, p. 514, pi. vii, fig. 5. Platyceras eguilatera Keyes, 1888: Proc. Am. Philosophical Soc. , vol. XXV, p. 236, figs. 2 and 3. Platyceras eguilatera Keyes, 1889: American Geologist, vol. Ill, p. 331. Platyceras equilatera Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 288. Capulus equilateralis Keyes, 1890: American Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. Capulus equilateralis Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 171, pi. ii, fig. 11. Shell of medium, but often attaining a large size ; extremely variable, hemispherical to oblique conical, with incurved spire ; volutions one to two in number, free or contiguous, moderately enlarging for some distance from the apex, and then rather abruptly and rapidly expanding. Aperture very large, broadly oval, or often nearly circular ; lip thin, more or less undulat- ing. Surface smooth, but toward the apertural margin exhib- iting numerous, often strongly imbricating, sinuous lines of growth. Frequently many small obscure longitudinal folds are also present. Horizon and localities. — Keokuk limestone and shales : Way land (Clarke county) ; Keokuk and Bonaparte ( Iowa ); War- saw and Niota ( Illinois ). Burlington limestone : Burlington (Iowa); Springfield (Greene county). This species seems to be one of the most abundant gas- teropods of the Keokuk beds. Some of the shells often attain very considerable measurements: height, 45 mm.; length along the dorsum, 95 mm.; breadth, 60 mm. Not only is the species under consideration variable in size, but it is extremely so in form and in the configuration of the apertural margin. Per- haps no Capulus in all the Carboniferous presents so wide a range of variation as does this species. Immature shells ap- pear to be glabrate, but as growth proceeded they became more and more rugose and imbricate. The spire is as often contig- uous as free and simply incurved ; and in adult specimens it GASTEROPODS. 179 is relatively very small. The longitudinal folds are not unfre- quently very pronounced, and being few in number, impart a peculiar trilobate appearance to the shells ; in other examples all traces of plications are wanting. The extensive series of C. equilateralis from the Craw- fordsville shales has been very thoroughly studied of late, dis- closing many interesting phases of the habits of these gastero- pods, hitherto not elsewhere presented in such an eminently satisfactory manner. At this locality the shell is usually at- tached to the calyx of Gilbertsocrinus tuberosm (Lyon and Casseday ), but the mollusk is not invariably associated with this particular species of crinoid, as Meek and Worthen sup- posed. A number of typical examples of the Oapulus in ques- tion have been observed adhering to Platycrinus hemispheri- cus ( Meek and Worthen), with which, however, is more com- monly associated I. pabulocrinus (Owen). In Gilbertsocrinus the vault is relatively large, nearly flat, with the anal opening located midway between the center and margin. In both G. tuberosus (L. & 0.), from the Keokuk shales, and G. typus (Hall), from the Burlington limestone, the ventral plates are convex, or, as in many specimens, very nodose. The growing margin of the gasteropod shell having adapted itself exactly to the irregularities of the surface of the crinoidal vault, necessa- rily was always more or less deeply sinuous, each sinus being produced by the nodosity of the vault plate in contact; while the small linguiform projection between two sinuses extended down between the nodes of two contiguous plates. The extreme nonparallelism of the lines of growth, so conspiculously evi- dent in the shells of many ancient Gapuli, is thus capable of being traced, and especially in those examples in which the no- dosity of the dome plates of the crinoid has reached a high development. This phenomenon of nonparallelism of the lines of growth is not therefore indicative of a change in station of the gasteropod, as has been suggested at various times. It has been clearly shown elsewhere that shells of C. equi- lateralis, when adhering to flat surfaces, are always very much depressed and have the aperture proportionately much more 180 GASTEEOPODS. expanded than the average specimen, while the spire is closely incurved, even touching the body of the shell. When the gas- teropod is found attached to strongly convex surfaces, or to the calyces of Platycrinus, the shell enlarges less rapidly, and there is also a tendency for the apex to become free from the body-whorl, and even to completely uncoil, often to such an extent as to approach closely some forms of the I. pabulocri- nus type. Owen apparently had this form in hand when he figured a shell as Ancella crasicollis from the Keokuk rapids of the Mis- sissippi river, where it occurs quite abundantly. Its manner of preservation, however, tends greatly to obscure its real char- acter; and it is doubtless for this reason chiefly that Owen failed to detect the true nature of the form. Capulus ovalis (STEVENS). Acroculia ovalis Stevens, 1858 : Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol. XXV, p. 261. Platyceras Icevigatum Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. , p. 263. (Not Acroculia Icevigata McCoy.) Capulus ovalis Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. , p. 176. Shell very small, subglobose ; volutions about two and one-half in number, contiguous, rather rapidly expanding ; spire very small. Horizon and localities. — Kaskaskia limestone : Union and Eandolph counties, Illinois ; Ste. Genevieve county, Missouri. Capulus ovalis is one of the smallest of the lower Carboti- ferous Capuli, having a height of only three to six millimeters and a maximum breadth of eight millimeters. Capulus parvus SWALLOW. Plate liv, figs. 5a-b. Capulus parvus Swallow, 1858 : Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.. vol. I, p. 205. Platyceras nebrascense Meek , 1872: U. S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 227, pi. iv, fig. 15. Platyceras nebrascense White, 1875: U. S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 merid., vol. IV, p. 159, pi. xii, fig. 5. Platyceras nebrascense White, 1884 : Geol. Sur. Indiana, Kept, for 1883, p. . 159, pi. xxxii, figs. 15 and 16. Capulus parvus Keyes, 1890: American Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. Capulus parvus Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 178, pi. ii,. figs. 14a-c. GASTEROPODS. 181 Shell like C. tribulosus (White), but without spines, and with the apex inclined quite noticeably to the right. Horizon and localities — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures : Kansas City. A careful comparison shows the form described from Ne- braska by Meek is only a more matured individual of C.parvus. Since, however, Swallow's species was poorly denned and was never figured, and as Meek was the first to give a clear diag- nosis of this form, both by a full description and by good illus- trations, it is, perhaps, questionable whether Meek's name should not really be retained for the form, Platyceras nebrascense having been almost universally applied to this species as oc- curring throughout the West. Genus IGOCERAS HALL. The reasons for reviving HalPs generic term Igoceras have already been stated fully elsewhere. It is proposed to apply the name only to certain more or less distinctly conical shells which were originally under Conrad's abandoned genus Platy- ceras. The following American species may be considered as properly belonging here : Platyceras conicum, Hall. P. subplicatum, Meek & Worthen. P. perplexum, Hall. P. quincyense, McChesney. P. plicatum, Halli P. fissurella, Hall. P. pyramidatum, Hall. P. pabulocrinus, Owen. P. capulus, Hall. Igoceras pyramidatum (HALL). Platyceras pyramidatum Hall, 1859: Pal. New York, vol. Ill, p. 336, pi. Ixiv, figs. 7, 9. Platyceras pyramidatum Meek & Worthen, 1868: G-eol. Sur. Illinois, vol. Ill, p, 3S9, pi. vii, fig. 11. Shell much like that of I. pabulocrinus, but more ventri- cose, and the sides convex instead of nearly straight. Horizon and localities. — Upper Silurian limestone : Bai- ley landing (P^rry county). 182 GASTEROPODS. Igoceras quincyense (MCCHESNEY). Plate liii, figs. lOa-b. Platyceras quincyense McChesney, 1861: Desc. New Foes. False. Rocks West. States, p. 90. Platyceras quincyense McChesney, 1867 : Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 46, pi. vi, figs. 6a-b. Platyceras ( Orthonychia ) quincyense Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. Ill, p. 510, pi. xv, figs. 5a-b. PlatycerasguincyenseKeyeB, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 290. Capulus guincyensis Keyes, 1890: American Geologist, vol. VI, p 9. Capulus quincyensis Keyes. 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 168, pi. ii,fig. 9. Platyceras pettiense Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., Adv. sheets, p. 81, pi. xiv, fig. 1. Platyceras missouriensis Miller, 1891 : Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rept. , Adv. sheets, p. 83, pi. xiv, fig. 2. Shell of medium size, broadly conical, often more or less elongated ; expanding very rapidly and regularly from the cen- tral or sub-central apex to the aperture. Usually five broad, rounded ridges extend from near the apex to the aperture, which is consequently more or less prominently quinquelobate ; the ridges are not unfrequently further divided into two or more smaller folds. Lip sharp, sinuous. Surface marked by sub- imbricating lines of growth, and also by numerous small, often undefined, longitudinal costse, which do not appear in the cast. Horizon and localities — Burlington limestone : Burling- ton ( Iowa ), Quincy ( Illinois ) ; Sedalia. The specimens described by McChesney and by Meek and Worthen, were either exfoliated examples or internal casts ; and this is the condition in which the species is usually found. Owing to the peculiar state of preservation, the shells quickly crumble away in handling, leaving only the internal casts, but the distinctive quinquelobate character always renders them easily recognizable. In the examples figured by McChesney, and also by Meek and Worthen, the apices are wanting, but the individuals were not as imperfect as was supposed. During the earlier period of their growth many of the shells of I. quincyense were very broad, but when attaining about one-third their maximum size, the aperture abruptly GASTEROPODS. 183 became relatively smaller, leaving a sharp sub-angular ridge around the shell, parallel to the apertural margin. This ab- rupt decrease in the expansion of the shell imparts to the nat- ural internal casts the appearance of an apical truncation or fracture. In its attachment to Paleozoic crinoids, the only form with which I. quincyense has thus far been found associated is Physetocrinus ventricosus ( Hall) a species having a rather de- pressed hemispherical dome, in which the ventral opening has a subcentral location. The dome-plates are small and numer- ous, and frequently studded with small prominent tubercles or sub-spinous processes, which impart to the gasteropod shell series of minute corrugations extending over each of the larger folds. Igoceras capulus HALL. Plate lii, figs. la-b. Platyceras capulus Hall. 1859 : Geology Iowa, vol. I, Supp., p. 19. Meloptoma umbella Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 267. Metoptoma umbella Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. Ill, p. 506, pi. xv, figs. 6a-c, and 7. Shell conical, much depressed, with a few broad, more or less obscurely denned longitudinal folds ; apex nearly central. Aperture very large, circular in outline ; lip somewhat undulat- ing. Surface marked only by lines of growth. The muscular scars, as observed in some specimens, consist of curved, oblong impressions on each side, united behind by a narrow band. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone : Hannibal, Bitter station ( Greene county). Although much more depressed than any other known form of the genus, there seems to be but little doubt, at pres- ent, that the shell under consideration properly belongs to the same group as /. pabulocrinus of Owen. Hairs original descrip- tion was rather incomplete and unaccompanied by illustrations of any kind, besides being published in an obscure place ; but the common occurrence of the species at the typical locality leaves no room for reasonable doubt as to the shell Hall had 184 GASTEROPODS. in hand. In regard to Meek & Worthen's Metoptoma umbella, there appear to be no good grounds for considering it as dis- tinct from Hall's form. Igoceras pabulocrinus (OWEN). Plate lii, figs. 3a-b, and pi. liv, figs. 3a-l. Platyceras subrectum Hall, 1859 : Geology Iowa, vol . I , Supp . , p. 89. ( Not P. subrectum Hall, 1859.) Platyceras subrectum Hall, 1860: Twelfth Ann. Reg. Kept., Univ. N. Y., p. 18. ( Not P. subrectum Hall, 1859, New York shell.) PUeopsis pabulocrinus Owen, 1862: Geol. Sur. Indiana, p. 365, fig. 8. Platyceras infundibulum Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 266. Platyceras extinctor Meek & Worthen, 1866 : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. , p. 266. ( Never formally proposed.) Platyceras infundibulum Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 517, pi. xvii, fig. 3. Platyceras infundibulum Keyes, 1888: Proc. Am. Philosophical Soc., vol. XXV, p. 238, fig. 1. Platyceras infundibulum Keyes, 1889 : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 289. Capulus infundibulum Keyes, 1890: Am. Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. Capulus infundibulum Keyes, 1890 : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. , p. 174, pi. ii, fig. 10. Shell more or less conical, often somewhat oblique, with usually many undefined longitudinal folds ; apical portions slender, expanding regularly at first and then more rapidly. Apex attenuated, often slightly deflected toward the posterior side. Surface smooth, ^but toward the aperture marked by numerous undulating, frequently imbricating lines of growth. Horizon and localities. — Keokuk limestone and shales: Keokuk, Iowa ; Warsaw, Illinois ; Orawfordsville, Indiana. Burlington limestone : Burlington (Iowa); Springfield (Greene county). The name pabulocrinus was given to the species under consideration for the reason that the mollusk was thought to form the food of crinoids, since it was often found adhering to the calyx of the echinoderm directly over the opening in test. This explanation appears quite plausible ; but long ago this view was proved false. Owen gave practically no descrip- tion of the shell ; and his figure was roughly executed, showing hardly anything more than the bare outlines of the GASTEROPODS. 185 specimen The illustration, however, represents the gastero- pod attached to the side of .the common and well-known erin- oid Platycrinus hemisphericus Meek and Worthen, so that not the slightest doubt is entertained as to which shell it was intended to portray. Besides, at Orawfordsville, this inollusk is almost invariably associated with the crinoid just mentioned. Only two other species of the genus — C. equilateralis and ris argentea. Athyris forinosa, II, 91 Athyris hannibalensis, II, 91. Athyris incrassatus, II, 91. Athyris proutii, ii, 91. Athyris sublameliosa, II, 92. Athyris subquadrata, II, 92. Athyris trinculea, II, 92. Athyris ultra varica, II, 106. Doubtful. Athyris vittata, II, 90. Atrypa aspera, var. occidentalis, II, 97-. Syn. Atyrpa occidentalis. Atrypa capax, II, 99. Syn. Rhjnchonella capax. Atrypa dentata, II, 100. Syn. Rhynchonella dentata. Atrypa increbescens, II, 99. Syn. Rbynchonella capax. Atrypa lams, II, 104. Syn. Meristeila laevis. Atrypa inodesta, Ii, 98. Syn. Zygospira uiodesta. Atrypa occidentals, LI, 97. Atrypa peculiaris, II, 104. Syn. Eatonia peculiaris. Atrypa reticuharis, II, 97. Aulopora gracilis, L, 123. Avicula circulus, II, 109. Syn. Entoliuui circulus. Avicula cooperensis, II, 109. Syn. Entolium cooperensis. Avicula longa, II, 113. Avicula magna, II, 110. Syn. Aviculopecten inagna. Avicula pinnae form is, II, 115. Syn. Aviculopinna americana. Aviculopecten carboniferus, II, 111. Aviculopecten coryanus, II, 113. Aviculopecten coxanus, II, 112. Aviculopecten fasciculatus, II, 113. Aviculopecten interlineatus, II, 112. Aviculopecten magna, II, 110. Aviculopecten missouriensis, II, 110. Aviculopecten neglectus, II, 115. Syn. Euchondria neglecta. Aviculopecten occidentalis, II, 110. Aviculopecten williamsi. II, 131. Doubtful. Aviculopinna americana, II, 115. Axophylium rude, I, 107. Bactropora simplex, II, 35. Barycrinus blairi, i, 209. Syn. Barycrinus hoveyi. Barycrinus boonvillensis, I, 225. Doubtful. Barycrinus hoveyi, I, 209. Barycrinus inagnilicus, I, 210. Barycrinus meekianus, I, 211. Barycrinus rhombiferus, I, 210. Barycrinus spurius, 1, 209. Barycrinus stellatus, I, 210. Batacanthus baculiformis, II, 238. Bathyurus conicus, I, 233. Syn. Ptychoporia conica. Batocrinus aequalis, I, 179. Batocrinus alciusculns, 1, 181. Syn. Batocrinus christyi. Batocrinus aspratillis, 1, ISO. Syn. Batocrinus clypeatus. Batocrinus biturbinatus, I, 194. Batocrinus blairi, I, 180. Batocrinus boonvillensis, 1, 178. • Syn. Eretmocrinus originarius. Batocrinus brittsi, I, 183. Syn. Batocrinus subtractus. Batocrinus calvini, I, 183. Batocrinus caljculoides, I, 177. Syn. Eretmocrinus calyculoides. Batocrinus carica, I, 176. Syn. Eretmocrinus carica. Batocrinus christji, I, 181. Batocrinus clyeatus, I, 179. Batocrinus comparilis, I, 175. Syn. Eretmocrinus corbulis. Batocrinus corbulis, I, 175. Syn. Eretmocrinus carbulis. Batocrinus divalis, I, 184. Syn. Batocrinus euconus. 246 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. Batocrinus dodecadactylus, I, 183. Batocrinus doris, I, 179. Syn. Batocrinus requaiis. Batocrinus elegans, 1, 180. Batocrinus euconus, I, 184. Batocrinus gorbyi, I, 178. Syn. Eretmocrinus originarius. Batocrinus gurleyi, I, 178. Syn. Eretmocrinus originarius. Batocrinus laura, I, 182. Batocrinus longirostris, I, 180. Batocrinus konincki, 1, 178. Syn. Eretmocrinus konincki. Batocrinus mediocris, I, 178. Syn. Eretmocrinus originarius. Batocrinus na&hvillae, 1, 183. Batocrinus nashvillae, var. sub- tractus, I, 183. Syn. Batocrinus subtractus. Batocrinus rotundus, i, 182. Batocrinus planodiscus, 1, 184. Batocrinus pulchellus, 1, 184. Batocrinus pyriformis, 1, 182. Batocrinus scyphus, I, 182. Syn. Batocrinus laura. Batocrinus subtractus, I, 183. Batocrinus trochiscus, I, 181. Batocrinus urnseformis, I, 178. Syn. Eretmocrinus konincki. Batocrinus venustus, I, 184. Syn. Batocrinus euconus. Batocrinus verneuilianus, 1, 177. Syn . Eretmocrinus verneuilianus. Batostomella nitidula, II, 14 Belemnocrinus sampsoni, I, 207. Bellerophon belius, II, 148. Bellerophon bilabiatus, II, 147. Bellerophon bilobatus, II, 147. Bellerophon blaneyanus, II, 149. Syn. Bellerophon urii. Bellerophon carbonarius, II, 149. Syn. Bellerophon urii. Bellerophon crassus, [1,151. Bellerophon inspeciosus, II, 152. Syn. Bellerophon nodocarinatus. Bellerophon interlineatus, II, 149. Syn. Bellerophon montfortianus. Bellerophon marcouanus, II, 148, Bellerophon meekianus, II, 149. Bellerophon montfortianus, II, 151. Bellerophon nodocarinatus, II, 152. Bellerophon panneus, II, 147. Bellerophon percarinatus, II, 153. Belleropon scissile, II, 210. Doubtful. Bellerophon stevensianus, II, 152. Bellerophon subpapillosus, II, 149. Syn. Bellerophon urii. Bellerophon sublaevis, II, 148. Bellerophon tricarinatus, II, 152. Syn. Bellerophon nodocarinatus. Bellerophon urii, II, 149. Blairocrinus arrosus, I, 186. Syn. Actinocrinus arrosus. Blairocrinus bullatus, I, 186. Syn. Actinocrinus arrosus. Blairocrinus trijugis, I, 174. Syn. Gennaeocrinus trijugis. BuHmeila bulimiformis, II, 204. Syn. Bulimorpha bulimiformis. Bulimorpha bulimiformis, II, 204. Bulimorpha inornata, II, 205. Calamopora favosa, I, 120. Syn. Favosites favosa. Calamopora bemispherica, I, 120. Syn. Favosites hemispherica. Calceocrinus dactylu*. I, 222. Syn. Calceocrinus ventricosus. Calceocrinus robustus, I, 222. Syn. Calceocrinus tunicatus. Calceocrinus tunicatus. I, 222. Calceocrinus ventricosus, I, 222. Callopora punctata, II, 13. Syn. Leioclema punctatum. Calymene rugosa, I, 233. Calymene senaria, I, 230. Camarophoria globulina, II, 103. Syn. Rhynchonella uta. Camarophoria subtrigona, II, 102. Syn. Rhynchonella subtrigona. Camarophoria swallowiana, II, 103. Syn. Rhynchonella uta. Camerella calcifera, II, 99. Campophyllum torquium, I, 107. Capulus acutrostris, II, 190. Syn. Orthonycbia acutirostre. Capulus biserialis, II, 177, INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 247 Capulus chesterensis, II. 191. Syn. Orthonychia chesterense. Capulus cyrtolites, II, 188. Syn. Orthonychia cyrtolites. Capulus equilatt-ralis, 11, 178. Capulus formosus, II, 188. SyD. Orthonychia formosum. Capulus fissurella, II, 186. Syn . Igoceras fissurella. Capulus haliotoides, II, 174. Capulus infundibulum, II, 184. Syn. Igoceras pabulocrinus. Capulus latus, II, 176. Capulus obliquus, II, 177. Capulus ovalis, II, 180. Capulus paralius, II, 174. Capulus parvus, II, 180. Capulus tribulosus, II, 175. Capulus subsinuosus, II, 173. Cardinia occidentalis, II, 131. Doubtful. Cardiomorpha missouriensis, II. 131. Cardiomorpha triangulata. II, 131. Cardium lexingtonensi«, II, 132. Doubtful. Ceriocrinus hemisphericus, 1, 220. Chaenomya leaven worthensis, II, 131 Cbaenomya minnehaha, II, 130. Cbaetetes milleporaceus, I, 123. Cheirocrinus dactylus, I, 222. Syn. Calceocrinus ventricosus. Cheirocrinus ncdosns, I, 222. Syn. Calceocrinus ventricosus. Cheirocricus tunicatus, I, 222. Syn. Calceocrinus tunicatus. Cheirocrinus ventricosus, I, 222. Syn. Calceocrinus ventricosus. Cheirocrinus wachsmuthi, I. 222. Syn. Calceocrinus ventricosus. Chemnitzia tenuilineatum, II, 206. Syn. Loxonema tenuiliceatum. Chomatodus incraesatus, II, 231. Chomatodus parallelus, II, 231. Chonetes flemingi, II, 54 Chonetes geinitzianus, II, 55. Syn. Chonetes Isevis. Chonetes geniculatus, II, 53. Chonetes glabra, II, 55. Syn. Chonetes Isevis. Chonetes granulifera, II, 56. Chonetes illinoisensis, II, 53. Chonetes laevis, II, 55. Chonetes logani, II, 53. Syn. Chonetes illinoisensis. Chonetes mesaloba, II, 53. Chonetes millepunctatue, II, 54. Chonetes mucronata, II, 56. Syn. Chonetes granulifera. Chonetes ornata, II, 53. Chonetes parva, II, 54. Syn. Chonetes flemingi. Chonetes smitbii. It, 56, Syn. Chonetes granulifera. Chonetes verneuiliana, II, 54. Syn. Chonetes flemingi. Chonophyllum sedaliense, I, 116. Cladodus eccentricus, II, 229. Ciadodus elegans, II, 229. Cladodus euglyphens, 11, 229. Cladodus iechypus, II. 229. Cleistopora placenta, I, 119. Cleistopora typa, I, 119. Clidophorus solenoides, II, 130. Syn . Solenoppis solenoides. Clinopistharadiata, II, 124. Clinopistha radiata, var. laevis, II, 124. Syn. Clinopistharadiata. Cochliodus crassus, II, 234. Syn. Sandalodus Isevissimus. Cochliodus obliquus, II, 233. Cochliodus vanhornii, II, 233. Codaster stelliformis, I, 141. Syn. Orophocrhms stelliformis. Codonites campanulatus, I, 142. Syn. Orophocrinus campanulatus. Codonites stelliformis, I, 141. Syn. Orophocrinus stelliformis. Colpocaris chesterensis, I, 239. Columnaria stellata, I, 116. Comarocystites obconicus, 1, 132. Comarocystites shumardi, I, 132. Conchita rhomboidalis, II, 70. Syn. Plectambonites rhomboidalis Conocardium parrishi, II, 124. Conopterium effusum, I, 118. Conularia crustula, II, 219. Conularia marionensis, II, 217. 248 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. Conularia missouriense?, II, 218. Conularia oeagensis, II, 218. Conularia subcarbonaria, II, 218. Conularia subulata, II, 218. Conularia triplicate. II, 217. Copodus vanhornii, IJ, 235. Coscinium elegans, II, 21. Syn. Glyptopora elegans. Coscinium keyserlingi, II, 22. Syn. Glyptopora keyserlingi. Coscinium latum, II, 18. Coscinium michelinia, II, 22. Syn. Glytopora michelinia. Coscinium plumosa, II, 20. Syn. Glyptopora plumosa. Coscinium sagenella, II, 21. Syn. Glyptopora PagenelJ a. Cosinopora sulcuta, I, 103. Syn. Receptaculites oweni. Crania laevie, II, 40. Crenipectenretiferus, II, 108. Syn. Limaretifera. Cromyocrinus buttei, I, 216. Cromyocrinus globosus, I, 216. Cromyocrinus kansasensis, I. 216. Crytoblastus kirkwoodensis, 1, 139. Crytoblastus melo, I, 139. Cten acanthus excavatus, II, 236. Ctenacanthus gracillimus, II, 236. Ctenacanthus keokuk, II, 236. Ctenacanthus pugiunculus, II, 236. Cyathocrinus boon villensis, I, 208. Cyathocrinus divaricatus, I, 207. Syn. Cyafchocrinus iowensis. Cyathocrinus enormis, I 208. Cyathocrinus hoveyi, I, 209. Syn. Barycrinus hoveyi. Cyathocrinus intermedius, I, 207. Syn. Pariaocrinus intermedius. Cyathocrinus iowensis, I, 207. Cyathocrinus magnoliaeformis, I, 2i4. Syn. Zeacrinus magnolias formis. Cyathocrinus malvaceus, I, 207. Syn. Cyathocrinus iowensis. Cyathocrinus maniformis, 1, 217. Syn. Eupacbycrinus maniformis. Cyathocrinus quinquelobus, I, 210. Syn. Barycrinus stellatus. Cyathocrinus sampsoni, I, 20S. Syn. Cyathocrinus iowenais. Cyathocrinus spurins, I, 209. Syn. Baryocrinus spurius. Cyathocrinus stellatus. I, 210. Syn. Barycrinus stellatus. CyatLocrinus stillativus, I, 219. Syn. Phialocrinus stillativus. Cyathocrinus viminalis, I, 207. Syn. Cyathocrinus iowensis. Cyathophyllum cornicula, I, 105. Cyathophyllum davidsoni, I, 104. Syn. Acervularia davidsoni. Cyatbopbyllum glabrum, I, 105. Cyathophyllum torquium, I, 107. Syn. Campopbyllum torquium. Cyathaxomia prolifera, I, 115. Syn. Lophophyllum proliferum.. Cyclonema bilix, It, 154. Cyclopora discoidse, II, 37. Syn. Proutella discoidea. Cyclopora expatiata, II, 37. Cyclopora fungia, II, 36 Cyclopora polymorpba, II, 15. Syn. Stenopora tuberculata. Cycloporella perve rsa, II, 37. Cycloporella spinifera, II, 37. Cypbaspis girardeauensis, I, 228. Cypricardia chouteauensis, II, 132\ Doubtful. Cypricardia occidentalis, II, 132. Cypridardiapikensis, II, 132. Doubtful. Cypridardia plicatula, II, 132. Doubtful. Cypricardia wheeleri, II, 123. Syn. Schizodus wheeleri. Cypricardinellagorbyi, II, 132. Doubtful. Cyrtia acutirostris, II, 89. Syn. Cyrtina acutirostris. Cyrtia dalmani, II. 89. Syn. Cyrtina dalmani. Cyrtia missouriensis, II, 90. Syn. Cyrtina umbonata. Cyrtia occidentalis, II, 86. Syn. Syringothyris occidentalis. Cyrtia umbonata, II, 90. Syn. Cyrtina umbonata. INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 249 Cyrtina acutirostris, II, 89. Cyrtina dalmani, II, 89. Cyrtina umbonata, II, 90. Cystodictya americana, II, 17. Cystodictya nitida, II, 17. Cystodictya pustulosa, II, 17. Gystophyllum americanum, I, 117. Cythere sublaevis, I, 233. Syn. Leperditia sublaeyis. Dalmania tridentifera, I, 229. Syn. Dalmanites tridentifera. Dalnaanites tridentifera, I, 229. Delthyris acutilirata, II, 66. Syn. Platystrophia acutilirata. Deltodopsia sancti-ludovici, 11,235. Deltodus angalaris, II, 234. Syn.Orthopleurodus carbonarius. Deltodus cioctulus, 1C, 235. Deltodus grandis, I, 234. Syn. Sandaloclus laevissimus. Deltodus littoni, II, 235. Deltodus parvus, II, 235. Deltodus rhomboideus, I, 235. Syn. Sandalodus spatulatus. Deltoptycnius expansus, II, 233. Deltoptychius wachsomthi, II, 233. Dentalium meekianum, II, 133. Dentalium missouriense, II, 133. Dentalium primarium, II, 133. Depranacanthus re versus, II, 237. Desmiodus costelliferus, II, 230. Desmiodus flabellum, II, 230. Desmiodus ligoniformis, II, 230. Desmiodus tumidus, II, 230. Delocrinus hemisphericus, 1,221. Syn. Ceriocrinus hemisphericus. Delocrinus missouriensis, 1,221. Syn. Ceriocrinus hemisphericus. Dielasma bovidens, II, 105. Syn. Terebratula bovidens. Dichocrinus blairi, I, 205. Dichocrinus chesterensis, I, 206. Syn. Pterotocrinus chesterensis. Dichocrinus coxanus, I, 204. Syn. Dichocrinus ficus. Dichocrinus ficus, I, 204. Dichocrinus humbergi, I, 204. Syn. Dicnocrinus ficus. G— 19 Dichocrinus lineatus, I, 203. Dichocrinus liratus, I, 203. Dichocrinus parvulus, I, 204. Syn. Dichocrinus ficus. Dichocrinus simplex, I. 205. Syn. Talarocrinus simplex. Dichocrinus striatus, I, 203. Dichotrypa intermedia, II, 18. Diplopora bifurcata, II, 33. Discina capuliformis, II, 39. Syn. Discina nitida. Discina convexa, II, 40. Discina missouriensis, II, 39. Syn. Discina nitida. Diacina newberryi, II, 40. Discina nitida, II, 39. Dircina sampsoni, II, 40. Syn. Discina newberryi. Discranurus hamata, I, 227. Syn. Acidaspis hamata. Dorjcrinus amaenus, 1, 171. Syn. Dorycrinus parvus. Dorycrinus chouteauensis, 1, 169. Dorycrinus confragoeus. I, 176. Syn. Eretmocrinus leucosia. Dorycrinus connigerus, I, 172. Dorycrinus elegans, I, 170. Dorycrinus gouldi, I, 173. Dorycrinus intermedius, I, 173. Syn. Dorycrinus intermedius. Dorycrinus mississippieosis, 1, 174. Dorycrinus missouriensis, I, 171. Dorycrinus parvus. I, 171. Dorycrinus quinquelobus, 1, 172. Syn. Dorycrinus cornigerus. Dorycrinus quinquelobus, var. in- termedius, I, 173. Dorycrinus subaeuleatus, I, 170. Dorycrinus subturbinatus, I, 171. . Syn. Dorycrinus parvus. Dorycrinus symmetricus, I, 171. Syn. Dorycrinus parvus. Dorycrinus unicornis, 1, 160. Estonia peculiaris, II, 104. Eccyliomphalus paradoxus, II, 164, Syn. Phanerotinus paradoxus. Echinodiscus kaskasiensis, I, 133. Echinodiscus sampsoni, I, 133. 250 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. Edmondia aspinwallensis, II, 126. Edmondia burlingtonensis, II, 126. Edmondia concentrica, H, 126. Syn. Astartella concentrica. Edmondia glabra, I[, 127. Edmondia marionensis, II, 132. Doubtful. Edmondia nuptialis, II, 126. Edmondia radiata, II, 124. Syn. Clinopistha radiata. Edmondia subtruncata, II, 127. Edriocrinus pocilliformis, I, 220. Elseacrinus kirkwoodensis, I, ]39. Syn. Cryptoblastus kirkwoodeh- 818. Elseacrinus melo, I, 139. Syn. Cryptoblastus melo. Elseacrinus norwoodi, I, 140. Syn. Granatocrinus norwoodi. Enchondria neglecta, II, 115. Encrina god on i, 1, 136. Syn. Pentremites godoni. Encrinites florealis, I, 136. Syn. Pentremites godoni. Endoceras elongatum, II, 220. Endoceras proteiforme, var. elonga- tum, II, 220. Syn. Endocei as elongatum. Entolium aviculatum, II, 109. Entolium circulus, 11, 109. Entolium cooperensis, IE, 109. Eocidaris hallianus, I, 129. Syn. Arcbseocidaris hallianus. Eretmocrinus calyculoides, I, 173. Eretmocrinus carica, I, 176. Eretmocrinus coronatus, I, 176. Eretmocrinus corbulis, I, 175. Eretmocrinus depressus, I, 176. Eretmocrinus expransus, I, 175. Eretmocrinus koninckii, I, 178. Eretmocrinus leucosia, I, 176. Eretmocrinus originarius, I, 178. Eretmocrinus remibrachiatus, I, 178. Eretmocrinus verneuilianus I, 177. Erismacanthus maccoyanus, 11,237. Eucladocrinuspleuroviminus, I, 202. Eucrinurus deltoideus, I, 229. Eulima peracuta, II, 205. Eupacbycrinus harii, I, 218. Eupachycrinus magister, I, 218. Eupacbycrinus maniformis, I, 217. Eupacbycrinus orbicularis, I, 217. Eupachycrinus sphseralis, I, 218. Syn. Eupachycrinus magister. Eupachycrinus verrucosus, 1,217. Euomphalus ammon, 11, 158. Syn. Straparollus ammon. Euomphalus boonensis, II, 158. Syn. Straparollus latus. Euomphalus latus, II, 158. Syn. Straparollus latus. Euomphalus lens, II, 134 Syn. PleurotODjaria lens. Euompbalus obtusus, II, 157. Syn. Straparollus obtueus. Euompbalus pernodosus, II, 161. Syn. Straparollus pernodosus. Euomphalus pfrspectivus, II, 160. Syn. Straparollus planidorsatus. jSuomphalus plamdorsatus, II. 160. Syn. Straparollus planidoreatus. Euomphalus rugoeus, II, 160. Syn. Straparollus catilloides. Euomphalus spergenensis, II, 159. Syn. Straparollus spergenensis. Euomphalus sprirgvalensis, II, 162. Syn. Omphalotrochus gpringval- ensis. Evactinopora grandis, II, 19. Evactinopora radiata, II, 19. Evactinopora sexradiata, II, 18. Favistella stellata, I, 116. Syn. Columnaria stellata. Favosites favosa, 1, 120. Favosites hemispherica, I, 120. Fenestella banyana, II, 23. Fenestella cestriensis, II, 23. Fenestella cingulata, 11,23. Fenestella elevatipora, II, 25. Fenestella fillistriata, II, 22. Fenestella flexuosa, II, 24. Fenestella funicula, II, 23. Fenestella hemitrypa, II, 23. Syn. Hemitrypa hemitrypa, Fenestella limitaris, II, 23. Fenestella multispinosa, 11,23. INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 251 Fenestella rudis. II, 23. Fenestella serratu la, 11,23. Fenestella shumardi, II, 24. Fenestella tenax, L[, 24. Fenestralia sancti-ludovici, EE, 30. Fistulipora carbonaria, 11,16. Fistulipora olausa, ET, 17. Syn . Meekopora clausa. Fistulipora com presea, IE, 16. Fistulipora peculiaris, IE, 18. Syn. Actinotrypa peculiaris. Fistulipora tri folia, II, 18. Syn. Prismopora tri folia. Flustra spatulata, II, 36. Syn. Wortbenopora apitulata. Flustra tubercukta, IE, 15. Syn. Stenoporatuberculata. Forbesiocrinus agaspizi, I, 224. Forbesiocrinus agass'.zi, var. gigan- teus, I, 224. Syn. Forbesiocrinus agassizi. Forbesiocrinus elegantulus, I, 223. Syn. Taxocrinus giddingei. Forbesiocrinus giddingei, I, 223. Syn. Taxocrinus giddingei. Forbesiocrinus monroensia, I, 224. Syn. Onychocrinus monroensis. Forbesiocrinus sbutnardianus, I, 224 Syn. Taxocrinua shumardianus. Forbes iocrintis thiemi, E, 223. Syn. Taxocrinus thiemi. Forbesiocrinua wortheni, I, 224. Fusulina cylindrica, E, 102. Fusus inhabilis, IE, 215. Syn. Sphaerodoma primogenia. Gampsacanthus 8quamosus,EI,238. Gampsacanthus typus, 11,238. Gaurocrinus splendens, I, 162. Syn. Ptychocrinus splendens. Geisacanthus stelUtus, IE, 236. Gennae3crinus trijugis, E, 174. Gervillia auricula, EE, 114. Syn. Monopteria longispina. Gervillia longa, II, 113. Syn. Avicula longa. Gervillia longispina, II 114. Syn. Monopteria longispina. Gilberstocrinus typus, I, 164. Glauconometrilineata, II, 31. Syn. Pinnatopora trilineata. Glyptocrinus fimbriatus, I, 225. Doubtful. Glyptocrinus fornshelli, I, 162. Glyptopora elegans, II, 21. Glyptopora keyserlingi, II, 22. Glyptopora megastoma. II, 21. Giyptopora michelinia, II, 22. Glyptopora plumosa, IE, 20. Glyptopora sagenella, II, 21. Goniatitesgorbyi, II. 220. Goniatites holmesi, II, 227.' Doubtful. Goniatites minimus, II, 221. Goniatites morganensis, II, 227. Doubtful. Goniatites osagensis, II, 221. Goniatites planorbiformis, II, 221. Goniatites politus, II, 221. Gonioceras anceps, II, 220. Grammysia blairi, II, 132. Doubtful. Graphiocrinus carbonarius, I, 219. Syn. Phialocrinus carbonarius. Graphocrinus dactylus, I, 213. Syn. Scytalocrinus dactylus. Granatocrinus curtus, I, 140. Granatocrinus melo, I, 139. Syn. Cry ptoblastus melo. Granatocrinus melo, var. projectus, E, 139. Syn. Granatocrinus neglectus. Granatocrinus melonoides, I, 138. Syn. Schizoblastus melonoides. Granatocrinus neglectus, I, 139. Granatocrinus norwoodi, I, 140. Granatocrinus projectus, I, 140. Granatocrinus say i, I, 138. Syn. Schizoblastus sayi. Griffithides sedaliensis, I. 235. Syn. Phillipsia sedaliensis. Gyroceras burlingtonensis, II, 221. Syn. Nautilus burlingtonensis. 252 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. Hadrophyllum glans, I, 116. Harpacodus occidental, II, 231. Helicopora archimediformis, II, 27. Syn. Archimedes laxus. Hemipronites crassus, II, 68. Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria. Hemipronites lasallensis, H, 67. Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria. Hemitrypa aspera, II, 25. Hemitrypa hemitrypa, II, 25. Hemitrypa nodosa, II, 25. flemitrypa pateriformis, II, 26. Hemitrypa perstriata, 11,25. Hemitrypa proutana, I[, 25. Syn. flemitrypa hemitrypa. Homacanthus gibbosus, II, 237. Syn. Amacanthus gibbosus. Homacanthus rectus, II, 237. Syn. Marracanthus rectus. Homotrypa arbuscula, II, 13. Hydreionocrinus acanthophorus, I, 215. Hydreionocrinus microspinus, I, 216. Hydreionocrinus pentagonus, 1, 215. Hydreionocrinus verrucosus, I, 217. Syn. Eupachycrimiij verrucosus. Igoceras capulus, II, 183. Igoeeras fissurella, II, 186. Igoceras pabulocrinus, II, 184. Igoceras pyrarni tatum, II, 181. Igoceras quincyense, II, 182. Ilisenus graftonensis, I, 226. Hindus insignis, I, 227. Inachus catilloides, II, 160. Syn. Straparollus catilloides. Isocardia curta, It, 132. Doubtful. Koninckina americana, II, 106. Doubtful. Lambdodus calceolus, II, 230. Lambdodus costatus, II, 229. Lecracanthus unguiculus, 11, 239. Lecythiocrinus adamsi, I, 208. Syn. Lecythiocrinus olliculae- formis. Lecythiocrinus olliculseformis, I, 208. Leda bellistriata, 1C, 122. Syn. Nuculana bellistriata. Leda subscitula, II, 123. Syn. Yodia subscitnla. Leioclema araoeum, II, 14. Leioclema foliatuin, II, 14. Leioclema graciilimum, II, 13. Leioclema punctatum, II, 13. Leperditia sublaevis, I, 239. Leptacanthus occidentalis, II, 236. Syn. Ctenacanthus gracillimus. Leptaena alternata, II, 70. Syn. Strophomena alternata. Leptaena filitexta, II, 67. Syn. Streptorhynchus filitexta. Leptaana mesacosta, II, 76. Leptaeia planumbona, II, 73. Syn. Strophomena planumbona. Leptaeaa sericea, II, 75. Leptaena subplanum, 11,67. Syn. Streptorhvnchus subplanum Leptocoelia imbricata, II, 96. Syn. Trematospira imbricata. Leptodomus granosus, IE, 128. Syn. Allorisma granosum. Leptodomus topekaensis, I[, 128. Syn Allorisma topekaensis. Leptopora gorbyi, 1, 119. Syn. Cleistopora typa. Leptopora typa, I, 119. Syn. Cleistopora typa. Lichas boltoni, I, 226. Lima retifera, II, 108. Lingula carbonaria, II, 38. Syn. Lingula umbonata. Lingula mniloides, 11, 38. Syn. Lingula umbonata. Lingula umbonata, II, 38. Linguella lamborni, H, 38. Lisgodus curtua, II, 231. Lisgodus selluliformis, [I, 231. Lithophaga pprtenu's, 11, 117. Lithostrotion basaltiforme, 1, 106, Syn. Lithostrotion mamiilare. Lithostrotion mamiilare, I, 106. Lithostrotion proliferum, I, 106. Syn. Lithostrotion luamillare. INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 253 Littorina wheeleri, II, 200. Syn. Trachydemia wheeleri. Lituites complanata, II, 225. Lophophyllum calceola, I, 110. Syn. Zaphrentis calceola. Laphophyllu-n proliferum, I, 115. Loxoaemainornata, II, 205. Syn. Bulimorpha inornata. Loxonema multicosta, II, 206. Loxonema newberryi, II, 212. Syn. Soleniscus newberryi. Loxonema rugosum, II, 206. Syn. Loxonema scitulum. Loxonema scitulum, IE, 206. Loxoaema teauilineatum, II, 206. Lyropora divergens. II, 28. Lyropora quincuncialH, II, 27. Lyropora retrosa, II, 27. Lyropora subquadrans, 1C, 27. Maclurea magaa, If, 163. Maclurites magna, [t, 163. Syn. Maclurea magna Macrochilina gracilis, II, 211. Syn. Soleniscus gracilis. Macrochilina littonana, IE 214. Syn. Sphaerodoma littonana. Macrochilina missouriensis, 11,211. Syn. Soleniscus inis^ourieDsis. Macrochilina newberryi. Syn. Soleniscus newberryi Macrochilina penguis, 11,213. Syn. SpbaerodomapenguU. Macrochilus blairi, I[, 216. Doubtful. Macrochilus cooperense, EE, 210. Syn. Soleniscus cooperensis. Macrochilus inhabilis, II, 215. Syn. Spaerodoma primogenia. Macrochilus intercalare, IE, 215. Syn. Sphaerodoma medialis. Macrochilus littonanum, IE, 214. Syn. Sphaarodoma littonana. Macrochilus mediale, IE, 215. Syn. Sphaerodoma medialis. Macrochilus missouriensis, IE, 211. Syn. Soleniscus missouriensis. Macrochilus newberryi, IE, -212. Syn. Soleniscus newberryi. Macrochilus paludinaeformis, 11,211. Syn. Soleniscus paludinaeformis. Macrochilus pengue, IE, 213. Syn. Sphaerodoma penguiB. Macrochilus primogenium, II, 215. Syn. Sphaerodom a primogenia. Macrochilus pondero3um, II, 213. Syn. Sphaerodoma ponderosa. Macrochilus pulchellum, II, 215. Syn. Sphaerodoma medialis. Macrochilus spiratus, IE, 215. Syn. Sphaerodoma medialis. Macrochilis texanum, II, 213. Syn. Sphaerodoma ponderosa. Macrochilus ventricosum, II, 212. Syn. Soleniscus brevis. Macrodon micronema, IE, 132. Doubtful. Macrodon obsoletus, IE, 120. Maerodon sangamonensis, II, 121. Macrodoa tenuistriatus, II, 120. Marracanthus rectus, IE, 237. Martinia planconvexua, II, 85. Syn. Spirifera planoconvexus. Meekelia striatcostata, II, 68. Meekopora approximata, II, 16. Meekopora clausa, IE, 17. Megistocrinus brevicornis, I, 165. Megistocrinus evansi, I, 165. Megistocrinus parvirostris, I, 165. Syn. Megistocrinus evansi. Megistocrinus plenus, I. 165. Syn. Megistocrinus evansi. Megistocrinus whitei, I, 164. Syn. Periechocrinus whitei. Melonites crassus, I, 125. Melonites danae, 1, 126. Syn. Oligoporua danae. Melonites irregularis, I, 123. Syn. Melonites multipora. Melonites multipora, E, 125. Merista lae/is, IE, 104. Syn. Meristella laevis. Meristella laevis, El, 104. Metablastus bipyramidalis, I, 137. Metablastus lineatus, I. 136. Metablastus wortheni, I, 137. Metaceras sangamonense, IE, 225. Metacoceras cavatiforme, II, 224. 254 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. Metoptoma umbella, I[, 183. Syn. Igoceras capulas. Miehelinia placenta, I, 119. Syn. Olelstopora placenta. Microcyclus blairi, 1, 117. Missouricrinus dmonitus, E, 225. Doubtful. Monopteria gibbosa, II, 114. Monopteria longspina, IE, 114. Monotis gregaria, EE, 114. Murchisonia bellicincta, EE, 145. Syn. Murchisonia major. Murchisonia bicincta, EE, 145. Syn. Murchisonia carinifera. Murchisonia carinifera, EE, 145. Murchisonia gracilis, EE, 14*5. Murchisonia major, EE, 145. Murchisonia melaniaformis, El, 145. Murchisonia milleri, EE, 145. Syn. Murchisonia, carinifera. Murchisonia mimima, EE, 202. Syn. Aclisina minuta. Murchisonia ozarkensis, II, 216. Doubtful. Murchisonia terebra, EE, 146. Myalina angulata, EE, 118. Myalina kansasensis, IE, 117. Myalina keokuk, EE, 117. Myalina perattenuata, IE, 118. Myalina recurvirostris, II, 117. Myalina sancti-ludovoci, IE, 117. Myalina subquadrata, IE, 118. Myalina swallowi, IE, 119. Natica altonensis, IE, 199. Syn. Naticopsis ventricosa. Natica carleyana, EE, 196. Syn. Strophostylus carleyana. Natica littonana, IE, 214. Syn. Sphaerodoma littonana. Natica shumardi, EE, 199. Syn. Naticopsis ventricosa. Natica ventrica, IE, 199. Syn. Naticopsis ventricosa. Naticopsis altonensis, var. gigan- tea, EE, 199. Syn. Naticopsis ventricosa. Natieopsis carleyana, EE, 196. Syn. Strophostylus carleyana. Naticopaishollidayi, Et, 201. Syn. Trachydomia nodosum. Naticopsis littonana, EE, 214. Syn. Sphrerodona littonana. Naticopsis littonana, var. genevi- ensis, IE, 214. Syn. Sphaerodoma littonana. Naticopsis magister, IE, 199. Syn. Naticopsis ventricosa. Naticopsis monilifera, II » 144. Syn. Pleurotomaria monilifera. Naticopsis nana, EE, 196. Syn. Strophostylus nana. Naticopsis nodosa, EE, 201. Syn. Trachydomia nodosum. Naticopsis nodosa, var. hollidayi, IE, 201. Syn. Tracbydomia nodosum. Naticopsis pricei, IE, 199. Syn. Naticopsis ventricosa. Naticopsis remex, IE, 197. Syn. Strophostylus remex. Naticopsis ventricosa, II, 199. Naticopsis wheeleri, EE, 200. Syn. Trachydomia wheeled. Nautilus biserialis, EE, 224. Syn. Nautilus occidentalis. Nautilus burlingtonensis, EE, 221. Nautilus capax, IE, 227. Doubtful. Nautilus digonus, IE, 222. Nautilus forbesianus, IE, 223. Nautilus gilipini, EE, 227. Doubtful . Nautilus lawsi, El, 228. Doubtful. Nautilus missourienses, IE, 224. Nautilus nodocarinatus, IE, 224. Syn Nautilus occidentalis. Nautilus occidentalis, EE, 224. Nautilus peramplus, EE, 222. Syn Nautilus spectabilis. Nautilus ponderosus, EE, 222. Nautilus quadrangularis, II, 224. Syn Nautilus occidentalis. Nautilus sangamonensip, IE, 225. Syn. Metaceras sangamonense. Nautilus spectabilis, IE, 222. Nautilus winslowi, II, 223. INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 255 Nucleospira pisiformis, II, 94. Nucula kazanensis, II, 122. Syn. Nuculana bellistriata. Nucula parva, II, 121. Nucula ventricosa, II, 121. Nuculana bellistriata, il, 122. Oligoporus danse, I, 126. Oligoporus mutatus, I, 126. Oligoporus par vu3, 1, 127. Ollacrinus typus, I, 164 syn. Gilberstocrinus typus. Omphalotrocbus springvalensis, II, 162. Onychaster asper, I, 131. Onycbocrinus monroensis, I, 224. Opbileta compacta, II, 162. Oracantbus consimilis, II, 238. Syn. Oracanthus vetustus. Oracanthus vestustus, II, 238. Orbicula nitida, II, 39. Syn. Discina nitida. Orophocrinus campanulatus, 1, 142. Orophocrinua stelliformis, I, 141. Orophocrinus stelliformis, var. carnpanulatus, 1, 142. Syn. Orthis campanulatus. Orthis acutilirata, II, 66. Syn. Platystrophia acutilirata. Orthis burlingtonensis, II, 63. Ortbis carbonaria, II, 64. Syn. Orthis pecosii. Orthis clarkensis, II, 63. Syn. Orthis s wallowi. Orthis cooperensis, II, 64. Syn. Orthis dubia. Orthis crenistria, II, 68. Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria. Orthis dubia, II, 64. Orthis emacerata, II, 58. Orthis fiesicosta, II, 57. Orthis iowensis, II, 62. Orthis keokuk, 11,63. Orthis lasallensis, II, 67. Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria. Orthis lynx, II, 64. Syn. Platystrophia lynx. Orthis michelina var. burlington- ensis, II, 63. Syn. Orthis burlingtonensis. Orthis missouriensis, II, 63. Syn. Orthis burlingtonensis. Orthis occidental, II, 57. Orthis pecosii, II, 64. Orthis pratteni, II, 106. Doubtful. Orthis richmonda, II, 68. Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria. Orthis striatocostata, II, 69. Syn. Meekella striatocostata. Orthis subcarinata, II, 62. Orthis subquadrata, II, 60. Orthis swallowi, II, 63. Orthis thiemei, II, 63. Syn. Orthis burlingtonensis. Orthis tricenaria, II, 60. Orthisina crassa, II, 67. Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria . Orthisina missouriensis, II. 68. Syn. Meekella striatocostata. Orthisina occidentalis, II, 69. Syn. Meekella striatocostata. Orthiaina robusta, 11, 67. Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria. Orthisina shumardiana, II, 68. Syn. Meekella striatocostata. Orthoceras arcuoliratum, II, 227. Orthoceras chemungense, II, 228. Doubtful. Orthoceras chesterense, II, 225. Orthoceras chouteauense, II, 225. Orthoceras colletti, II, 226. Syn. Orthoceras occidentale. Orthoceras harii, II, 226. Syn. Orthoceras rushense. Orthoceras jolietense, II, 227. Orthoceras medullare, II, 227. Orthoceras occidentale, II, 226. Orthoceras ozarkensis, II, 226. Orthoceras rushense, II, 226. Orthoceras striaelineatum, II, 227. Syn. Orthoceras medullare. Orthonychia acutirostre, II, 190. Orthonychia boonvillense, I, 189. Orthonychia chesterense, II, 191. Orthonychia cyrtolites, II, 188.: Orthonychia formosum, II, 189. Orthonychia spirale, It, 188. Orthopleurodus carbonarius, II, 234. 256 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. Palaeacis compressa, I,:119. Syn. Palaeacis obtusa. Palaeacis enormis, I, 118. Paradoxides boltoni, I, 226. Syn Lichas boltoni Parisocrinus intermedius, [, 207. Pecten aviculatus, II. 109. Syn. Entolium aviculatum. Pecten broadheadi, LI, 110. Syn. Aviculopecten carboniferus. Pecten carboniferus, II, 111. Syn. Aviculopecten carhoniferus. Pecten cleavelandicus, II, 110. Syn. Aviculopecten occidentalis. Pecten hawni. II, 110. Syn. Aviculopecten carboniferus. Pecten missouriensis, II, 110. Syn. Aviculopecten missouriensis. Pecten neglectus, II, 115. Syn. Knchondria neglecta. Pecten occidentalis, It, 110. Syn. Aviculopecten occidentalis. Peltodus quadratus, IE, 232. Pentamerus salinensis, II, 104. Pentatrematites sulcatus, I, 135. Syn. Pentremites sulcatus. Pentremites bipyramidalis, 1, 137. Syn. Metablastus bipyramidalis. Pentremites conoideus, 1, 134. Pentremites curtus, I, 140. 3yn. Granatocrinus curtus. Pentremttes elongatus, I, 133. Pentremites godoni, I, 136. Pentremites koninckanus, 1, 135. Pentremites lineatus, I, 136. Syn. Metablastus lineatus. Pentremites meJo, 1, 139. Syn. Cryptoblastus melo. Pentremites missouriensis, 1, 135. Syn. Pentremites sulcatus. Pentremites norwoodi, 1, 140. Syn. Granatocrinus norwoodi. Pentremites obesus, I, 135. Pentremites potteri, I, 138. Syn. Schizoblastus sayi. Pentremites roemeri, I, 137. Syn. Schizoblastus roemeri. Pentremites sampsoni, 1, 137. Syn. Schizoblastus roemeri. Pentremites sayi, T, 138. Syn. Schizoblastus sayi. Pentremites stelliformis, 1, 141. Syn. Orophocrinus stelliformis. Pentremites sulcatus, I, 135. Pentremites symmetricus, I, 135. Syn. Pentremites pyriformis. Pentremites varsaviensis, I, 137. Syn. Metablastus wortheni. Pentremites wortheni, 1, 137. Syn. Metablastus wortheni. Periechocrinus whitei, 1, 164. Pernopecten sedaliensis, II, 132. Doubtful. Petalorhynchus distortus, II, 232. Petalorhynchus pseudosagitatus, 11,232. Phaceopora pertenuis, II, 13. Phsethonides immaturus, I, 238. Sjn. Phillipsia immaturus. Phsethonides sedaliensis, I, 235. Syn. Phillipsia sedaliensis. Phanerotinus paradoxus, II, 164. Phialocrinus barydactylus, I, 220. Phialocrinus basiliscus, I, 220. Phialocrinus carbonarius, I, 219. Phialocrinus barii. I, 219. Phialocrinus magnificus, I, 220. Phialocrinus stillativus, I, 219. Phillipsia immaturus, 1, 238. Phillipsia major, 1,238. Phillipsia meramecensis, I, 235. Phillipsia missouriensis, I, 235. Phillipsia portlockii, I, 236, Phillipsia sampsoni, I, 235. Phillipsia sedaliensis, I, 235. Phillipsia shumardi, I, 233. Syn. Proeteus missouriensis. Phillipsia tuberculata, I, 235. Phragmoceras missouriensis, II, 220 Physetocrinus ornatus, 1, 192. Physetocrinus ventricosus, I, 192. Physonemus falcatus, II, 237. Pileopis pabulocrinus, II, 184. Syn. Igoceras pabulocrinus. Pinna missouriensis, II, 116. Pinna peracuta, II, 116. Pinnatopora conferta, II, 31. Pinnatopora trilineata, II, 31. INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 257 Pinnatopora vinei, II, 31. Pinnatopora youngi, II, 31. Placunoposis carbonaria, II, 108. Platyceras acutirostre, II, 190. Syn. Orthonjchia acutirostre. Platyceras biserialis, II, 177. Syn. Capulus bieerialis. Platyceras boonvillense, II, 189. Syn. Orthonychia boonvillense. Platyceras capulus, II, 183. Syn. Igoceras capulus. Platyceras chesterense, II, 191. Syn. Orthonychia chesterense. Platyceras cyrtolites, II, 188. Syn. Orthonychia cyrtolites. Platyceras equilatera, II, 178. Syn. Capulus equilateralis. Platjeeras extinctor, II, 184. Syn Igoceras pabulocrinus. Platyceras fissurella, II, 186. Syn. Igocera? fissurella. Platyceras formosum, II, 189. Syn. Orthonychia formosum. Platyceras haliotoides, II, 174. Syn. Capulus haliotoides. Platyceras infundibulum, II, 184. Syn. Igoceras pabulocrinus. Platyceras laevigatum, II, 180. Syn. Capulua ovalis. Platyceras latum, II, 176. Syn. Capulus latus. Platyceras missonriensia, II, 182. Syn. Igoceras quincyense. Platyceras nasutum, II, 175. Syn. Capulus paralius. Platyceras nebrascense, II, 180. Syn. Capulus parvus. Platyceras obliquum, II, 177. Syn. Capulus obliquus. Platyceras paralium, II, 174. Syn. Capulus paralius. Platyceras pettiense, II, 182. Syn. Igoceras quincyense. Platyceras pyramidatum, II, 181. Syn. Igoceras pyramidatum. Platyceras quincyense, II, 182. Syn. Igeceras quincyenee. Platyceras reversum, II, 195. Syn. Strophostylus re versus. G— 20 Platycera« spirale, II, 188. Syn. Orthonychia spirale. Platyceras subrectum, II, 184. Syn. Igoceras pabulocrinus. Platyceras eubsinuosum, II, 173. Syn. capulus subsiauosus. Platyceras subundatum, II, 173. Syn. Capulus subsinuosus. Plats ceras tribulosum, II, 175. Syn. Capulus tribulosus. Platyceras uncum, II, 190. Syn. Orthonychia acutirostre. Platycrinus acclivus, I, 198. Syn. Platycrinus planus. Platycrinus absentivus, I, 196. Platycrinus aequalis, I, 200. Platycrinus aequiternus, I, 196. Platycrinus aettrnalis, I, 201. Svn. Platycrinus bonoensis. Platycrinus allophylus, 1 196. Platycrinus amabilis, I, 199. Syn. Platycrinus americanus. Platycrinus americanus, I, 199. Platycrinus annosus, I, 196. Platycrinus batiola, I, 200. Syn. Platycrinus asqualis. Platycrinusblairi, 1,225. Doubtful. Platycrinus bonoensis, I, 201. Platycrinus boonvillensis, I, 202. Platycrinus brittsi, I, 195. Platycrinus broadheadi, I, 195. Syn. Platycrinus americanus. Platycrinus burlingtonensis, I, 200. Platycrinus carchesium, 1, 198. Syn. Platycrinus pileiformis. Platycrinus cavus, I, 197. Syn. Platycrinus discoideus. Platycrinus chouteauensis, I, 225. Doubtful . Platycrinus colletti, I, 225. Doubtful. Platycrinus concinnus, I, 225. Doubtful. Platycrinus discoideus, I, 197. Platycrinus excavatus, I, 197. Syn. Platycrinus discoideus. Platycrinus exsertus, I, 200 Syn. Platycrinus burlingtonensis 258 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. Platycrinus gorbyi, 1, 187. Syn. Platycrinus discoideus. Platycrinus halli, I, 201. Platycrinus inornatus, I, 200. Syn. Platycrinus burlingtonensis Platycrinus lautus, 1, 200. Platycrinus multibrachiatus, 1,197. Syn. Platycrinus discoideus. Platycrinus occidentalis, I, 197. Syn. Platycrinus subspinosus. Platycrinus ollicula, I, 195. Platycrinus pontagonus, 1, 225. Doubtful. Platycrinus pileiformis, I, 198. Platycrinus planus, I, 198. Platycrinus pleurovirninus, I, 202. Platycrinus praenuntlus, I, 198. Platycrinus pratteni, I, 198. Platycrinus pulchellus, I, 197. Syn. Platycrinus discoideus. Platycrinus rotund us, I, 200. Syn. Platycrinus sculptus. Platycrinus saffordi, I, 202. Platycrinus sampsoni, I, 199. Platycrinus sarse, I, 202. Platycrinus sculptus. I, 200. Platycrinus subspinosus, 1, 197. Platycrinus sulcatus, I, 198. Syn. Platycrinus praenuntius. Platycrinus truncatus, L, 199. Syn. Platycrinus americanus. Platynatus boltoni, I, 226. Syn. Lichas boltoni. Platyostoma broadheadi, II, 174. Syn. Capulus haliotoides. Platyostoma nana, II, 196. Syn. Strophostylus nana. Platyostoma peoriense, II, 197. Syn. Strophostylus peoriensis. Platystrophia acutilirata, II, 66. Platystrophia lynx, II, 64. Plectambonites rhomboidalis, 11,70. Pleurophorous oblongus, II, 125. Pleurophorous pallasi, II, 125. Syn. Pleurophorus oblongus. Pleurotomaria bicarinata, 11,135. Syn. Pleurotomaria turbinifor- mis. Pleurotomaria bilix, II, 154. Syn. Cycloinena bilix. Pleurotomaria brazoensis, II, 143. Pleurotomaria broadheadi, IE, 144. Pleurotomaria coniformis, II, 138. Pleurotomaria conoides, II, 138. Syn. Pleurotomaria coniformis. Pleurotomaria coronula, II, 141. Syn. Pleurotomaria spbaerulata. Pleurotomaria coxana, II, 136. Pleurotomaria depressa, II, 139. Syn. PJeurotomaria illinoisensis. Pleurotomaria gray villensis, IT, 141. Pleurotomaria harii, II, 138. Syn. Pleurotomaria carbonaria. Pleurotomaria illinoisensis, II, 139. Pleurotomaria kentuckensis, II, 139 Syn. Pleurotomaria illinoisensis. Pleurotomaria lenticularis, II, 163. Syn. Raphistoma lenticularis. Pleurotomaria lens, II, 134. Pleurotomaria missouriensis, II, 136 Pleurotomaria modesta, II, 139. Syn. Pleurotomaria illinoisensis. Pleurotomaria monilifera, II, 144. PJeurotomaria montezuma, II, 134. Pleurotomaria perhumerosa, II, 140 Pleurotomaria sedaliensis, II, 134. Pleurotomaria speciosa, II, 137. Pleurotomaria spbasrulata, H, 141. Pleurotomaria subcarbonaria, II, 135. Pleurotomaria subscalaris, II, 136. Pleurotomaria tabulata, II, 142. Pleurotomaria turbiniformis, II, 135. Pleurotomaria umbilicata, II, 155. Syn. Trochonema umbilicata. Pleurotomaria valvatiformis, II, 137 Plicatula striatocostata, II, 68. Syn. Meekella striatocostata. Plysonemus parvulus, II, 237. Po3cilodus sancti-ludovici, II, 235. Polyphemopsis bulimiformis,!!, 204. Syn. Bulimorpha bulimiformis. Polyphemopsis inornata, II, 205. Syn. Bulimorpha inornata. Polyphemopsis peracuta, II, 205. Syn. Fulima peracuta. Polypora biseriata, IT, 29. Polypora cestriensis, II, 29. Polypora corticosa, II, 30. INDEXIGAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 259 Polyporagracilis, II, 28. Polypora halliana, II. 28. Polypora maccoyana, II, 28. Polypora marginata, II, 30. Syn. Polypora submarginata. Polypora radialis, II, 29. Polypora retrosa, II, 29. Polypora simulatrix, II, 28. Polypora spininodata, 1L, 29. Polypora spinulifera, IE, 30. Polypora submarginata, II, 30. Polypora tuberculata, II, 30. Polypora varsoviensis, II, 29. Polyrhizodus amplus, II, 232. Polyrhizodus littoni, II, 232. Poljphizodus williamsi, II, 232. Porcellia nodosa, II, 154. Poteriocrinus agnatus, I, 211. Syn. Poteriocrinus brittsi. Poteriocrinus brittsi, I, 211. Poteriocrinus carbonarius, I, 219. Syn. Phialocrinus carbonarius. Poteriocrinus enormis, I, 208. Syn. Cyathocrinus enormis. Poteriocrinus hemisphericus, I, 220. Syn. Ceriocrinus hemisphericus. Poteriocrinus longidactylus, I, 211. Syn. Scaphiocrinus missouriensis Poteriocrinus maniformis, I, 217. Syn. Eupachycrinus maniformis. Poteriocrinus meekianus, I, 211. Syn. Barycrinus meekianus. Poteriocrinus missouriensis, I, 211. Syn. Scaphiocrinus missourien- sis. Poteriocrinus proboscidlalis, I, 212. Syn. Scaphiocrinus proboscidi- an's. Poteriocrinus rhombiferus, I, 210. Syn. Barycrinus rhombiferus. Poteriocrinus rugosns, I, 225. Doubtful. Poteriocrinus rusticellus, I. 212. Syn. Scaphiocrinus rusticellus. Poteriocrinus vanhornei, I, 213. Syn. Scyalocrinus vanhornei. Prismopora trifolia, II, 18. Producta costata, II, 51. Syn. Productus costatus. Producta incurvata, II, 67. Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria. Productella pyxidata, II, 52. Productella subalata, II, 52. Productus sequicostatus, II, 47. Syn. Productus cora. Productup altonensis, II, 43. Productus americanus, II, 44. Productus arcuatus, II, 40. Productus asper, II, 48. Syn. Productus nebrascensis. Productus biseriatus, II, 43. Productus blairi, II, 106. Doubtful. Productus burlingtonensis, II, 41. Productus calhounianus, II, 50. Syn. Productus semireticulatus. Productus callawayensis, II, 106. Doubtful. Productus cestriensis, II, 44. Productus cooperensis, II, 40. ;Syn. Productus acuatus. Productus cora, II, 47. Productus coraefornais , II, 41. Syn. Productus laevicostus. Productus costatoides, II, 45. Syn. Prociuctus longispinus. Productus costatus, II, 51. Productus elegans, II, 44. Syn. Productus cestriensis. Productus flemingi, II, 47, Productus flemingi, var. burling- tonensis, II, 41. Syn. Productus burlingtonensis. Productus gradatus, II, 43. Syn. Productus vittatus. Productus hildiethianus, II, 47. Syn. Productus cora. Productus horridus, II, 45. Syn. Productus longispinus. Productus koninckianus II, 47. Syn. Productus cora. Productus paevicostus, 11,41. Productus longispinus, II, 45. Productus magnicostatus, II, 40. Spn. Productus semireticulatus. Productus magnus II, 41. Productus marginicintus, II, 43. Productus mesialis, II, 41. Syn. Prcductus burlingtonensis. 260 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. Product us muricatus, II, 45. Syn. Productus longispinus. Productus nebrascensis, II, 48. Productus norwoodi, II, 48. Syn. Productus nebrascensis. Productus orbignyanus, II, 45. Syn. Productus longispinus. Productus ovatus, II, 44. Productus parvus^II, 44. Syn. Productus cestriensis. Productus pentonensia, II, 41. Syn. Productus magnus. Productus portlockianus, II, 51. Syn. Productus costatus. Productus prattenianus, II, 47. Syn. Productus cora. Productus punctatus, IT, 51. Productus pyxidatus, [I, 52. Syn. Productella pyxidata. Productus rogersi, II, 48. Syn. Productus nebrascensis. Productus semireticulatus, II, 50. Productus semireticulatus, II, 47. Syn. Productus cora. Productus semipunctatus, II, 51. Syn. Productus punctatus. Productus shumardianus, II, 52. Syn. Productella pyxidata. Productus splendens, II, 45. Syn. Productus longispinus. Productus symmetricus, It, 48. Productus tenuicostus, 11,44. Productus tubulospinus, It, 51. Syn. Productus punctatus. Productus vittatus, II, 43. Productus wabashensis, II, 45. Syn. Productus longispinus. Productus wilberanus, 11,48. Syn. Productus nebrascensis. Productus wortheni, II, 43. Syn. Productus marginicinctus. Proetus auriculatus, I, 233. Syn. Proteus missouriensis. Proeteus missouriensis, I, 233. Syn. Ptychoporia conica. Proteus shumardi, I, 233. Syn. Proeteus missouriensis. Proteus swallovi, I, 234. Proutella discoidea, II, 37. Psammodus rhomboideus, II, 234. Syn. SandaloduslsBvissimus. Psammodus plenus, II, 235. Psammodus semi-cylindricus, 1,234 Psephodus latus, II, 232. Pterotocrinus chesterensis, I, 206. Ptilopora acuta, II, 31. Ptilopora cylindracea, II, 32. Ptilopora prouti, II, 32. Ptilopora valida, JI, 32. Ptychocrinus splendens, I, 162. Ptychoporia conica, 1, 233. Pterinea gibbosa, II, 114. Syn. Monopteria gibbosa. Pterinea longispina, II, 114. Syn. Monopteria longispina. Raphistoma lenticularis, II, 163. Raphistoma subplana, II, 163. Receptaculites oweni, I, 103. Retzia mormoni, II, 95. Retzia osagensis, II, 94. Retzia popenana, II, 106. Doubtful. Retzia punctilifera, II, 95. Syn. Retzia mormoni. Retzia subglobosa, II, 95. Syn. Retzia mormoui. Retzia vera, II, 95. Retzia vera, var. costata, II, 95. Rhodocrinus coxanus, I, 163. Rhodocrinus parvus, I, 163. Syn. Rhodocrinus coxanus. Rhodocrinus polydactylus, I, 163. Syn. Rhodocrinus coxanus. Rhodocrinus wachsmuthi, I, 163. Rhodocrinus whitei, I, 163. Rhodocrinus wortheni, I, 162. Rhombopora attenuata, II, 34. Rhombopora crassa, II, 34. Rhombopora dichotoma, II, 33. Rhombopora lepidodendroides, II, 35. Rhombopora tabulata, II, 34. Rhombopora tenuirama, II, 34. Rhombopora transversalis, II, 34. Rhombopora varians, II, 33. Rhynchon'ella arctirostrata, II 102. Syn. Rhynconella subcuneata. INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 261 Rhynchonella angulata, II, 76. Syn. Syntrilasma hemiplicata. Rhynchonella boonensis, II, 101. Rhynchonella capax, II, 99. Rhynchonella cooperensis, II, 101. Rhynchonella dentata, II, 100. Rhynchonella missouriensis, II, 100. Rhynchonella mutata, II, 103. Rhynchonella osagensis, 1 1, 103. Syn. Rhynchonella uta. Rhynchonella ottumwa, II, 103. Rhyncbonella parvini, II, 102. Syn. Rhynchonella subtrigona. Rhynchonella perrostellata, II, 106. Doubtful. Rhynchonella ringeus, II, 102. Rhychonella subcuneata, II, 102. Rhynchonella subtrigona, II, 102. Rhynchonella uta, II, 103. Rhynchonella warrenensis, 106. Doubtful. Sandalodus carbonarius, II, 234. Syn. Orthopleurodus carbonarius. Sandalodus crassus, II, 234. Syn. Sandalodus spatulatus. Sandalodus grandis, II, 234. Syn. Sandalodus laevissimus. Sandaiodus laevissimus, II, 234. Sandalodus spatulatus, II, 234. Scaphiocrinus boonvillensis, I, 212. Scaphiocrinus carbonarius, I, 219. Syn. Phialocrinus carbonarius. Scaphiocrinus constrictus, I, 212. Syn. Scaphiocrinus booavillensis. Scaphiocrinus dactyliformis, I, 211. Scaphiocrinus gorbyi, I, 213. Scaphiocrinus hemisphericus, 1,220 Syn. Ceriocrinus hemisphericus. Scaphiocrinus missouriensis, I, 211. Scaphiocrinus orbicualris, I, 217. Syn. Eupachycrinus orbicularis. Scaphiocrinus proboscidialis, I, 212. Scaphiocrinus rusticellus, I, 212. Scaphocrinus sampsoni, 1, 213. Scaphiocrinus scoparius, I, 212. Schizoblastus melo, I, 139. Syn. Cryptoblastus melo. Schizoblastus melonoides, 1, 138. Schizoblastus projectus, 1, 140. Syn. Granatocrinus projectus. Schizoblastus roemeri, 1, 137. Schizoblastus sampsoni, 1, 137. Syn. Schizoblastus roemeri. Schizoblastus savi, 1, 138. Schizodus curtus, 11,123. Schizodus harii, II, 123. Schizodu* obscurus, II, 123. Syn. Schizodus wheeleri. Schizodus rossicus, II, 124. Syn. Schizodus curtus. Schizodus wheeleri, II, 123. Scytalocrinus dactylus, I, 213. Scytalocrinus maniformis, I, 217. Syn. Eupachycrinus maniformis. Scytalocrinus vanhornei, I, 213. Septopora blserialis, II, 32. Septopora cestriensis, II, 32. Serpula planorbites, II, 160. Syn . Straparollus catilloides. Solen missouriensis, II, 132. Doubtful. Soleniscus brevis, II, 212. Soleniscus cooperensis, II, 210. Soleniscus fusiformis, II, 213. Syn. Soleniscus newberryi. Soleniscus gracilis, II, 211. Soleniscus medialis, II, 215. Syn. Spbaerodoma medialis. Soleniscus missouriensis, II, 211. Soleniscus newberryi, II, 212. Soleniscus paludinaeformis, II, 211. Soleniscus planus, II, 212. Syn. Soleniscus newberryi. Soleniscus ponderosus, II, 213. Syn. Sphaerodoma ponderosa. Soleniscus primogenius, II, 215. Syn. Sphaerodoma primogenia. Soleniscus texanus, II, 213. Syn. Spbaerodoma ponderosa. Solenocaris sancti-ludovici, I, 239. Solenochilus blairi, II, 221. Syn. Nautilus burlingtonensis. Solenopsis solenoides, II. 130. Sphaerodoma littonana, II, 214. Sphaerodoma medialis, II, 215. Sphaerodoma penguis, II, 213. Sphaerodoma ponderosa, II, 213. 262 ItfDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. Sphaerodoma primogenia, II, 215. Spirifer amarus, II, 106. Doubtful. Spirifer ancae, II, 106. Doubtful. Spirifer boonensis, II, 84. Syn. Spirifera rockymontana. Spirifer cameratus, var. kansasen- sis II, 83. Syn . Spirifera camerata. Spirifer cameratus, var. percras- sus, II, 83. Syn. Spirifera camerata. Spirifer capax, II, 77. Syn. Spirifera parryana. Spirifer carteri, II, 87. Syn. Syringothyris carteri. Spirifer clarus, II, 106. Doubtful. Spirifer cuspidatiformis, II, 89. Syn. Syringothyris texta. Spirifer biforatus, II, 64. Syn. Platystrophia lynx. Spirifer euruteines, II, 77. Syn. Spirifera parryana. Spirifer extenuatus, II, 86. Syn. Syringothytri extenuata. Spirifer fasciger, 11,83. Syn. Spirifera, camerata. Spirifer glaber, var. contractus, II, 83. Syn. Spirifera coatracta. Spirifer hannibalensis, IE, 87. Syn. Svringothyris carteri. Spirifer hemiplicatus, II, 76. Syn. Syntrilasraa hemiplicata. Spirifer increbescens, var. ameri- canus, IT, 82. Syn. Spirifera increbescens. Spirifer kentuckensis, var. propa- tulus, [I, 96. Syn. Spiriferina kentuckensis. Spirifer keokuk, var shelbyensis, II, 81. Syn. Spirifera keokuk. Spirifer Isevigatus, II, 81. Syn. Spirifera logani. Spirifer laminosus, II, 86. Syn. Spiriferina kentuckensis. Spirifer latior, II, 106. Doubtful. Spirifer lineatus, var. striato-linea- tus, II, 84. Syn. Spirifera perplexa. Spirifer littoni, II, 81. Syn. Spirifer keokuk. Spirifer lynx, II. 64. Syn. Platystrophia lynx. Spirifer meeki, II, 106. Doubtful. Spirifer meusebachanus, II, 83. Syn. Spirifera camerata. Spirifer missouriensis, II, 78. Syn. Spirifera marionensis. Spirifer octoplicatus, II, 86. Syn. Spiriferina kentuckensis. Spirifer opimus, II, 84. Syn. Spirifera rockymontana. Spirifer osagensis, II, 78. Syn. Spirifera marionensis. Spirifer ozarkensis, II, 78. Syn. Spirifera marionensis. Spirifera parry ana, II, 77. Spirifer perextensus, II, 77. Syn. Spirifer ligus. Spirifer permatus, II, 77. Syn. Spirifera ligua. Spirifer plenus, 11,88. Syn. Syringothyris plena. Spirifer propinquus, II, 88. Syn. Syringothyris texta. Spirifer spinosus, II, 85. Syn. Spiriferina spinosa. Spirifer subcuspidatus, II, 88. Syn. Syringothyris texta. Spirifer subventricosus, II, 84. Syn. Spirifera rockymontana. Spirifer textus, II, 88. Syn. Syringothyris texta. Spirifer translatus, II, 83. Syn. Spirifera fietigera. Spirifer triplicates, II, 83. Syfi. Spirifera camerata. INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 263 Spirifer vernonensis, II, 78. Syn. Spirifera marionensis. Spirifera atwaterana, II, 77. Syn. Spirifer ligus. Spirifera camerata, II, 83. Spirifera contracta, II, 83. Spirifera coopereneig, II, 78. Spirifera crenistria, II, 67. Syn Streptorhynchus crenistria. Spirifera forbesi, II, 80. Spirifera grimesi, II, 79 Spirifera imbrex, II, 80 Spirifera increbeecens, II, 82. Spirifera kelloggi, 11,81. Spirifera keokuk, II. 81. Spirifera ieidyi, 11,82. Spirifera Ieidyi. var. chesterensis, 11,82. Spirifera Ieidyi, var. merimacensis, II, 82. Spirifera ligus, II, 77. Spirifera lineatoides, II, 80. Spirifera lineatus, II, 84. Syn. Spirifera perplexa. Spirifera logani, II, 81. Spirifera marionensis, II, 78. Spirifera peculiaris. II, 79. Spirifera perplexa, II, 84. Spirifera planoconvexus, II, 85. Spirifera pseudolineata, 11,82. Spirifera rocky montana, II, 84. Spirifera setigera, 11,83. Spirifera subrotundata, II, 78. Spirifera taneyensis, II, 78. Spiriferina clarksvillen&is, II, 85. Spiriferina kentuckensis. II, 86. Spiriferina spinosa, II, 85. Spirigera americana, II, 92. Syn. Athyris sublamellosa. Spirigera caput-serpentis, 93. Syn. Athyris argentea. Spirigera charitonensis, 11,93. Syn. Atbyris argentea. Spirigera clintonensis, II, 92. Syn. Athyrif subquadrata. Spirigera euzona, II, 91. Byn. Athyris formosa. Spirigera formosa, II, 91. Syn. Athyris formosa. Spirigera fultonensis, II, 90. Syn. Athyris vittata. Spirigera hannibalensis, II, 91. Syn. Athyris hannibalensis. Spirigera hawni, II, 93. Syn. Athyris argentea. Spirigera jacksoni, II, 106. Doubtful. Spirigera maconensis, II, 106. Doubtful. Spirigera minima, II, 90. Syn. Athyris vittata. Spirigera missouriensis, II, 106. Doubtful. Spirigera platensis, II, 106. Doubtful. Spirigera proutii, II, 91. Syn. Athyris proutii. Spirigera reflexa, II, 92. Syn. Athyris trinuclea.' Spirigera singletoni, II. 93. Syn. Athyris aigentea. Spirigera subtilita, II, 92. Syn. Athyris argentea. SyhenopterSum enorme, I, 118. Syn. P Iseacis enormis. Sphenopterium enorme. var. de- pressum, 1,118. Syn. Palaeacis enormis. Sphrogorpora parasitica, II, 33. Steganocrinus araneolug, 1, 194. Steganocrinus concinnus, 1, 194. Steganocrinus pentagonus, 1, 195. Steganocrinus eculpus, I, 194. Stenopora americana, II, 14. Stenopora americana, var. varsavi- ensis, II, 14. Syn. Stenopora americana. Stenopora angularis, II, 15. Stenopora cestriensi?, II, 16. Stenoaora emanciata, II, 15. Stenopora intercalaris, II, 15. Stenopora inlermittens, II, 15. Stenopora meekana, II, 16. Stenopora montifera, II, 14. 264 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. Stenopora tuberculata, II, 15. Stenopterodus parvulus, II, 233. Stictoporella basalis, II, 22. Straparollus ammon, II, 158. Straparollus blairi, If, 158. Syn. Straparollus latus. Straparollus catilloides, II, 160. Straparollus latus, II, 158. Straparollus lens, II, 134. Syn. Pleurotomarialens. Straparollus obtusus, II, 157. Straparollus pernodosus, II, 161. Straparollus planidorsatus, It, 160. Straparollus spergenen sis, 1C, 159. Straparollus springvalensis, II, 162. Syn. Omphalotrochus springval- ensis. Straparollus eubquadratus, II, 162. Straparollus subrugosus, II, 160. Syn. Straparollus catilloides. Straparollus valvatiformis, II, 157. Streblotrypa distincta, II, 36. Streblotrypa major, II, 35. Streblotrypa nicklesi, IT, 36. Streblotrypa radialis, II, 35. Streptelasma corniculum, I, 117. Streptorhynchus crenistria, II, 67. Streptorhynchus fflitexta, II, 67. Streptorhynchus lens, II, 67. Streptorhynchus occidentalis, II, 69. Syn. Meekella striatocostata. Streptorhynchus pyramidalis, II, 68. Syn. Meekella striatocostata. Streptorhynchus subplanum,!!, 67, Striatopora carbonaria, I, 120. Striatopora missouriensis, I, 121. Stromatopora expansa, I, 104. Strophalosia horrescens, II, 48. Syn. Productus nebrascensis. Strophodonta eequicostata. II, 70. Syn. Strophodonta demissa. Strophodonta altidorsata, II. 106. Doubtful. Strophodonta boonensis, II, 74. Syn. Strophodonta cymbiformis. Strophodonta callawayensis, II, 70. Syn. Strophodonta demissa. Strophodonta cymbiformis, II, 74. Strophodonta demissa, II, 70. Strophodonta inflexa, II, 74. Syn. Strophodonta cymbiformis. Strophodonta kemperi, II, 74. Syn. Strophodonta cymbiformis. Strophodonta navalis, II, 70. Syn. Strophodonta demissa. Strophodonta quadrata, II, 70. Syn. Strophodonta demissa. Strophodonta subcyrnbiformis, II. Syn. Strophodonta cymbiformis. Strophomena alternata, II, 70. Strophomena deltoidea, II, 69. Strophomena planumbona, II, 73. Strophomena rhomboidalis. II, 70. Syn.Plectambonites rhomboidalis Strophomena sericea, IE, 75. Syn. Leptsena sericea. Strophostylus carleyana, II, 196. Strophostylus nana, II, 196. Strophostylus peoriensis, II, 197. Strophostylus remex, II, 197. Strophostylus reversus, II, 195. Strotocrinus bloomfieldensis, 1, 193. Syn. Strotocrinus regalis. Strotocrinus liratus, I, 191. Syn. Teliocrinus liratus. Strotecrinus regalis, I, 193. Strotocrinus umbrosus, I, 190. Syn. Teliocrinus umbrosus. Strotopora dermata, II, 17. Strotopora faveolata, II, 17. Stylifer primogenia, II, 215. Syn. Sphserodoma primogenia. Subulites elongatus, II, 215. Symbathocrinus blairi, I, 207. Syn. Symbathocrinus swallovi. Symbathocrinus dentatus, 1, 206. Symbatbocrinus swallovi, I, 207. Symbathocrinus wortheni, I, 206. Synocladia biserialis, It, 32. Syn. Septopora biserialis. Synocladia virgulacea, II, 32. Syn. Septopora biserialis. INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS, 265 Syntrilasma hemiplicata. II, 76. Syringopora harveyi, 1, 121. Syringopora multattenuata, I, 122. Syringothyris carter!, II, 87. Syringothyris cuspidatus, II, 87. Syn. Syringothyris carter!. Syringothyris extenuata, II, 86. Syringotbyrisoccidentalis, II, 86. Syringothyris plena, II, 88. Syringothyris texta, II, 88. Syringothyris typa, 11,87. Syn. Syringothyris carter! . Tzeniodictyafrondosa, II, 22. Taeniodictya ramulosa, II, 22. Talarocrin us simplex, I, 205. Tanodus praenuntius, II, 231. Tanaodus sculptus, II, 231. Taxocrinusgiddingei, I, 223. Taxocrinus shumardianus, I, 224. Taxocrinus thierni, I, 223. Teliocrlnus liratus, I, 191. Teliocrinusumbrosus, I, 190. Tentaculites incur vus, II, 217. Terebratula arcuata, II, 107. Doubtful. Terebratula argentea, II, 92. Syn. Athyris argentea. Terebratula bovidens, II, 105. Terebratula brevilobata, II, 107. Doubtful. Terebratula geniculosa, II, 105. Syn. Terebratula bovidens. Terebratula gracilis, II, 107. Doubtful. Terebratula lynx, II, 64. Syn. PJatystrophia lynx. Terebratula miliepunctata, 11,105. Syn . Terebratula bovidens. Terebratula mormoni, II, 95. Syn. Retzia mormoni. Terebratula parva, II, 105. Terebratula rowleyi, II 105. Terebratula subtilita, II, 92. Syn. Athyris argentea. Terebratula trinuclea, II, 92. Syn. Athyris trinuclea. Terebratula uta, II, 103. Syn. Rhynchonella Hta. Thamniscus furcillatus, II, 31. Trachydomia nodosum, II, 201. Trachydomia nodulosa, II, 200. Syn. Trachydomia wheeieri. Trachydomia wheeieri, II, 200. Trematocrinus typus, I, 164. Syn. Gilbertsocrinus typus. Trematospira imbricata, II, 96. Tremochilusforbesianus, 11,223. Syn. Nautilus forbesianus. Trochita carbonaria, II, 216. Doubtful. Trochonema umbilicata, II, 155. Trochus missouriensis, II, 136. Syn.Pieurotomaria missouriensis Troostocrinuslineatus, 1, 136. Syn. Metablastus lineatus. Turbo tabulata, II, 142, Syn. Pleurotomaria tabulata. Turritella stevensana, II, 202. Syn. Aclisina minuta. Xystrodus imitatus, II, 233. Yoldia subscitula, II, 123. Zaphrentis acuta, I, 109. Zaphrentis calceola, I, 100. Zaphrentis cylindrica, I, 111. Zaphrentis dalei, I, 113. Zaphrentis elliptica, 1, 111. Zaphrentis exigua, I, 112. Zaphrentis glans. 1, 116. Syn. Hadrophyllum glans. Zaphrentis illinoisensis, 1, 114. Zaphrentis parasitica, 1, 109. Syn. Zaphrentis acuta. Zaphrentis pellaensis, I, 114. Syn. Zaphrentis spinulosa. Zaphrentis spergensis, 1,115. Zaphrentis spinulifera, I, 114. Syn. Zaphrentis spinulosa. Zaphrentis spinulosa, I, 114. Zaphrentis tantilla, I, 111. Zaphrentis tenella, I, 111. 266 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. Zaphrentis varsavensis, I, 114. Zeacrinus acanthopborus, I, 215. Syn. Hydreionocrinus acantbo- phorus. Zeacrinus commaticus, I, 214. Syn. Woodocrinus elegans. Zeacrinus elegans, I, 214. Syn. Woodocrinus elegans. Zeacrinus, magnoliseformis, I, 214. Zeacrinus maniformis, I, 217. Syn. Eupachycrinus maniformis. Zeacrinus microspinus, I, 216. Syn. Hydreionocrinus micro- spinus. Zeacrinus pocil urn, I, 214. Syn. Woodocrinus pocillum. Zeacrinus sacculus, I, 214. Syn. Woodocrinus elegans. Zeacrinus scoparius, I, 214. Syn. Woodocrinus elegans. Zeacrinus troostianus, I, 214. Syn. Woodocrinus elegans. Zygospira nodesta, II, 98. Zygospira subconcava, II, 99. PLATE XXXIII. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIII. Page FIG. 1. Archimedes wortheni 26 A large example. (Cox collection.) Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. FIG. 2 . Archimedes owenanus 26 A typical specimen. (Mns. Mo. Geol. Sur.) Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. FIG. 3 . Phacelopora pertenuis 13 Part of a zoarium. (After Ulrich.) Silurian, Trenton limestone. FIG. 4. Rhombopora lepidodendroides 35 4a. A large example. (Hare collection.) 4b. Surface. (Enlarged ) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 5. Glyptopora plumosa 20 Fragment. (After Ulrica.) Carboniferous, St. Louis limestone. FIG. 6. Thamniscus furcillatus 31 Fragment. (Enlarged, after Ulrich.) Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XXXIII. POLYZOANS. PLATE XXXIV. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIV. * Page. FIG. 1. Sefopora biserialis 32 la. Non-poriferous side . (Hare collection.) Ib . A part of same (enlarged) . Ic. Poriferous side (enlarged). Id. Another specimen. (Hare collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 2. Fenestella shumardi 24 2a. Specimen well preserved. (Hare collection.) 2b. Surface (enlarged) . Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 3. Fistulipora nodulifera . Part of a branch. (Hare collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG . 4 . Lyropora retrorsa 27 Marginal support. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sar.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG 5. Fenestella rudis 23 Fragment . (After Ulrich . ) Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. FIG . 6. Actinotrypa peculiaris 18 Surface (enlarged). Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XXXIV. POLYZOANS. PLATE XXXV. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXV. Page FIG. 1. Conularia missouriensis 218 la. Large fcpecimen. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) Ib . CroBs-section of same . Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone . FIG. 2. Conularia crusfila 219 Medium-sized specimen. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 3. Tentaculites incurvut 217 Sa. Type. (After Shumard ) 8b. Part of same (enlarged) . Silurian, Girardeau limestone. FIG. 4 . Lingula umbonata 38 Average-sized specimen. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 5. Lingulella lamborni 38 Views of different specimens. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) Cambrian limestone. FIG. 6. Discinanitida 39 Several examples on shale. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 7 . Discina convexa . 40 A large specimen. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XXXV. BRACHIOPODS. PLATE XXXVI. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVI. Page FIG. 1. Productua costatus 51 la. Ventral view. Ib. Dorsal view. Ic. Side view. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 2. Productus symmetricus 48 2a. Side aspect. 2b. Ventral aspect. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 8. Productus costatus? 51 3a. Ventral view. 3b. Dorsal aspect. 3e. Side view. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 4. Productus semireticulatus 50 4a. Ventral aspect. 4b. Dorsal view. 4c. Side view. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XXXVI Ib BRACHIOPODS. PLATE XXXVII. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVII. Page FIG. 1. Productus punctatus 51 la. Side view. Ib. Dorsal view Ic. Ventral view. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 2. Productus cora 47 2a. Ventral aspect. * 2b. Dorsal view. 2c. Ventral view of another variety. Carboniferou , Upper Coal Measures . FIG. 3. Productus nebrascensis 48 3a. Dorsal view. 3b. Side view. 3c. Ventral view. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 4. Productus longispinus 4& 4a. Dorsal view. 4b. Ventral aspect. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 5. Chonetes lavis 55 5a. Ventral view of type specimen. 6b. Longitudinal section of same. Carboniferous, Lower Coal Measures. FIG. 6. Chonetes flemingi 54 6a. Ventral view of specimen with short hinge-line. 6b. Ventral aspect of example with long hinge-line. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XXXVII. BRACHIOPODS. PLATE XXXVIII EXPLANATION or PLATE XXXVIII. Page FIG. 1. Productus lavicostus 44 la. Ventral aspect. Carboniferous, Kinderhook shales. FIG. 2. Chonetes ornata 2a. Ventral view. Carboniferous ?, Louisiana (Kinderhook) limestone. FIG. 3. Chonetes genicula 53 Specimen enlarged two diameters. Carboniferous?, Louisiana (Kinderhook) limestone. FIG. 4. Productella pyxidata 52 4a. Ventral aspect of a smooth variety. 4b . Dorsal view of smooth shell . 4c. Ventral aspect of a ribbed shell. 4d. Ventral view of subspinous variety. Carboniferous?, Louisiana (Kinderhook) limestone. FIG. 5. Orthis swallowi 63 View of a large example. Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG 6. Orthis iowensis 62 6a. Side view. 6b. Doreal aspect. 6c. Ventral valve. Devonian, Callaway limestone. FIG. 7. Orthis bur ling tonensis 63 A mature individual. Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 8. Streptorhynchus crenistria 67 8a. Ventral valve, exterior. 8b. Dorsal valve inbide. 8c. Dorsal valve, outside. 8d. Ventral valve, Interior. 8e. Ventral aspect. 8f. Dorsal valve, inside. 83. Ventral valve, inside. 8h. Dorsal aspect . Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XXXVIII. BRACHIOPODS. PLATE XXXIX EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIX. Page FIG. 1. Meekella striatocostata ... 63 la. Side view. Ib. Dorsal aspect. lc Ventral view. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 2. Streptorhynchus lens 67 2a. Ventral aspect (Mus. Mo Geol. Sur.) 2b. Dorsal aspect of same. Carboniferous ? Louisiana (Kinderhook) limestone. FIG. 3. Strophomena alternata ,. 70 An average size specimen. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) Silurian, Trenton limestone. FIG. 4. Ortfiis tricenaria 60 Ventral aspect. (Mns. Mo. Geol. Sur.) Silurian, Trenton limestone. FIG 5. Platystrophia lynx 64 Dorsal view. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Snr.) Silurian, Trenton limestone. FIG. 6 Plectambonitesrhomboidalis,vSi,T 70 Ventral aspect. (Rowley collection.) Carboniferous, Lower Burlington limestone. FIG. 7. Strophodonta demissa. , 70 7a. Dorsal aspect. 7b. Ventral view. Devonian, Hamilton limestone. FIG . 8 . Syntrilasma hemiplicata 76 8a. Anterior view. 8b. Dorsal view. 8c. Ventral view. 8d. Side view. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 9 Leptcena sericea 75 Interior side. (Mns Mo. Geol. Sur ) Silurian, Hudson river shales . FIG . 10 Cyrtina acutirostris 89 lOa. Side view (Mus. Mo. Geol. Snr ) lOb. Doraal aspect of same. Carboniferous'?, Louisiana (Kinderhoek) 1 mestone. FIG. 11. Athyrit argentea 92 lla. Ventral aspect. lib. Side view lie. Dorsal aspect. lid. Dorsal aspect . Carboniferous, Coal Measures . MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XXXIX. 3c Id BRACHIOPODS. PLATE XL EXPLANATION OF PLATE XL. Page FIG. 1. Spirifera marionensis 78- la. Dorsal aspect. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sar.j Ib. Same of another specimen. (Same cabinet.) Carboniferous? Louisiana, (Kinderhook) limestone. FIG. 2. Spirifera keokuk 81 Dorsal view . (Keyes collection . ) Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. FIG. 3. Spirifera forbesi 80 Ventral view (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 4. Spirifera parryana 77 4a. Ventral aspect. 4b. Djrsal view of same. Devonian, Hamilton limestone. FIG. 5. Spirifera camerata 8S 5a. Dorsal view. 5b. Dorsal aspect. 5c. Ventral valve. Carboniferous, Coal Measures. FIG 6. Spirifera lineatoides 80 Dorsal aspect of an exfoliated specimen. (Mas. Mo. Geol. Sur ) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 7. Spirifera sp .? Dorsal aspect. (Keyes collection.) Carboniferous, Kinderhook shales. FIG. 8. Syringothyris plenus 88 Side vie w . ( Keyes collection . ) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 9. Spiriferim kentuckensis 86 9a. Posterior view. 9b. Ventral view. Carboniferous, Coal Measures. FIG. 10. Syringothyris carteri 87 Posterior view. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XL. BRACHIOPODS. PLATE XL I. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLI. Page. FIG. 1. Athyris viltata 90 la. Dorsal view. Ib. Ventral aspect. Devonian, Hamilton limestone. *• FIG. 2. Retzia mormoni 95 2a. Side view 2b. Dorsal aspect. 2c. Ventral view. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 3. Rhynchonella dentata 100 Ventral aspect. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Snr.) Silurian, Trenton limestone. FIG. 4. Retzia sp.1 Dorsal aspect. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) Carboniferous, Lower Burlington limestone. FIG. 5. Nucleospira pisiformis ; 94 Ventral aspect. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) Silurian, Niagara'? limestone. FIG . 7. Rhynchonella uta 108 Ventral aspect. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 8. Rhynchonella sp 1 8a. Dorsal aspect . (Davis collection ) 8b. Side view. (Davis collection.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 9. Athyris hannibalensis 91 Ventral aspect. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) Carboniferous ? Louisiana (Kindeihook) limestone. FIG 10. Athyris incrassatus. 91 Dorsal aspect. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur ) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 11. Rhynchonella sp ? Dorsal view. (Keyes collection ) Carboniferous, Kindeihook shales. FIG. 12. Rhynchonella capax 99 12a. Dorsal view. (Mus. Mo Geol. Sur ) 12b. Side view. (Mus. Mo. Geol Sur ) Silurian, Hudson River shales. FIG. 13. Atrypa reticularis 97 13a. Side view. 13b Dorsal aspect. Devonian, Hamilton limestone. FIG. 14 . Terebratula sp . 1 Dor sal view. (Rowley collection ) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 15. Terebratuta rowleyi 105 Dorsal aspect. (Rowley collection.) Carboniferous, Lower Burlington limestone. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XLI. BRACHIOPODS. PLATE XLII. EXPLANATION OP PLATE XLII. Page. FIG . 1 Lima retifera 108 Both valves. Carboniferous, Coal Measures . FIG. 2. .Entolium aviculatum 109 2a. Interior aspect. 2b. Outside. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG . 3 Aviculopecten occidentalis 110 Left valve . Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures, FIG. 4. Pseudom onotis hawni (1) A finely-preserved shell. (Hare collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG 5. Aviculopecten sp .1 . A medium- size! shell. (Mus. Mo . Geol. Sur ) Carboniferous, Lower Burlington limestone. FIG 6 . Aviculopecten interlineatus 112 Specimen with concentric markings well denned. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 7. Aviculopecten fasciculatus 11$ A large example . (Hare collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XLII. LAMELLIBRANCHS. PLATE XLIII. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIII. Page FIG. 1. Monopteria longispina 1U Left valve. (Hare collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 2. Monopteria gibbosa 114 2a. Right valve. 2b. Anterior view of same. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures . FIG. %, Myalina swallowi 119 3a. Right valve. 3b. Left valve. 3c. Dorsal aspect. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures . FIG. 4. Aviculopecten carboniferus Ill 4a. Valve showing markings . 4b . Opposite valve . Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 5. Myalina kansasensi* 117 Shell showing imbricated lines of growth. (Calvin collection.) Carboniferous , Upper Coal Measures . FIG. 6. Aviculopecten sp . 1 Specimen with ears broken away. (Hare collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG . 7. Aviculopecten magna 110 Medium- si zed specimen. (Shepard collection.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 8. Lithophaga sp. 1 116 8a. Left valve. (Rowley collection.) 8b. Dorsal outline of same. Carboniferous, Lower Burlington limestone. FIG. 9. Placunopsis carbonaria 1(6 Left side . (Hare collection . ) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XLIII. LAMELLIBRANCHS. PLATE XLIV. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIV. Page FIG. 1. Myalina subquadrata 118 la. Interior of valve. Ib. Exterior of same. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 2. Myalina subquadrata 118 2a. Outside of valve. 2b. Inside of same. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XLIV. LAMELLI3RANCHS PLATE XLV. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLV. Page Fi6 . 1 . Myalina recurvirostris la . loterlor of valve . Ib. Exterior of same . Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 2. Pinna per acuta 2a. Side view. 2b. Dorsal aspect Carboniferous, Upper CDal Measures. FIG 8 . Nucula ventricosa 3a. Inside view (enlarged) . 3b. Right valve. Carboniferous, Coal Measures. FIG. 4. Nuculana bellistriata 4a. Left valve. 4b . Dorsal aspect . Carboniferous, Coal Measures . 116 121 122 MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XLV. 2a LAMELLIBRAIMCHS. PLATE XLVI. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLYI. Page. FIG. 1 . Macrodon obsoletus 120 Right valve. (Keyes collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 2. Macrodon sangamonensis 121 Right valve enlarged. ( Hare collection. ) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 8. Schizodus wheeleri 123 3a. Side view of cast. (Mus. Iowa State University.) 3b. Dorsal aspect of same. 3c. Left valve. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 4. Schizodus harii 123 Left valve. (Hare collection ) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 5. Astartella concentrica ? 126 Left valve (Hare collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 6. Conocardium parrishi 124 6a. Left valve. (Hare collection.) 6b. Dorsal aspect of same. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures . FIG. 7. Astartella vera 125 Right side . ( Broadhead collection . ) Carboniferous, Coal Measures. FIG. 8. Pleurophorus oblongus 125 Right valve. (Hare collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 9. Schizodus sp 1. Left valve. (Hare collection ) Carboniferous, Coal Measures. FIG. 10. Monopteria spl. Left valve. (Hare collection ) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 11. Clinopistha radiata . . 124 lla. Dorsal aspect, lib. Left valve. Carboniferous, Coal Measures. FIG. 12. Allorisma costata 128 Right valve. (Hare collection ) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XLVI. LAMELLIBRANCHS. PLATE XLVII. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVIL Page FIG 1. Edmondia aspinwallensis 126 la. Right valve. Ib. Dorsal aepect. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 2. Edmondia nuptialis 126 Side view. (Rowley collection.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG . 8 . Edmondia burlingtonensis 126 Left valve . (Rowley collection . ) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 4. Allorismasp t Cast of left valve (Rowley collection.) Carboniferous, Chouteau limestone. FIG. 5. Allorisma subcuneatum , 129 5a. Dorsal view. 5b. Aspect of left side. 5c. Right side. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XLVII. b 5a 5c LAMELLIBRANCHS PLATE XIvVIII. EXPLANAIION OF PLATE XLVIII. Page FIG. 1. Pleurotomaria broadheadi 144 la. Type specimen. (Broadhead collection.) Ib . Another view of same . Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. Pia. 2. Pleurotomaria brazoensis 142 2a. View of a well-preserved specimen, x 2. (Keyes collection.) 2b. Another view of same. Carboniferous, Lower Coal Measures. FIG . 3 . Pleurotomaria missouriensis 186 3a. Side view. (Hare collection ) 8b. Sutural region (enlarged). Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG . 4 . Pleurotomaria sp 1 4a. Side aspect. (Rowley collection.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 5. Pleurotomaria perhumerosa 140 Side view of a typical specimen. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG . 6 . Pleurotomaria turbiniformis 185 6a . Side vi ew . ( H are collection . ) 6b. Ornamentation (enlarged). Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XLVIII. GASTEROPODS. PLATE XLIX. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XL1X. Page FIG. 1. Pleurotomaria missouriensis 136 Another view of specimen shown on preceding plate. FIG. 2. Pleurotomaria subcarbonaria 335 2a. Type specimen (Kowley collection.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG . 3. Murchisonia melaniformis ? 145 Side view. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) Cambrian ? FIG. 4. Murchisonia terebra 146 A somewhat worn specimen. (Hare collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 5. Murchisonia major 145 5a. Specimen with shell. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 5b. Internal cast. (Same collection .) Silurian, Trenton limestone. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 5b GASTEROPODS. PLATE L. EXPLANATION OF PLATE L. Page t 'IQ . 1 . Bellerophon crassus. 151 la View of aperture. Ib . Side aspect . Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG . 2 . BelleropJion percarinatus 15S 2a. Dorsal aspect. 2b . A pertural view . 2c. Same of another individual. . 2<1. Doreal aspect. 2e. Side view. 2f. Same of another example. Carboniferous, Coal Measures. FIG 3. Bellerophon bilabiatus 147 Dorsal aspect. (Keyes collection.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 4 . Bellerophon nodocarinatus 152 4a. Side view. 4b . View of aperture . 4c Dorsal aspect . Carboniferous, Coal Measures. FIG. 5. Bellerophon urii 149 5 a Dorsal aspect. 5b. Side view. 5c. View of aperture . Carboniferous, Coal Measures . FIG. 6. Bellerophon panneu* 147 Dorsal aspect. (Keyes collection.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG 7 Bellerophon bellus 14S Dorsal aspect of type. (Keyes collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE L. GASTEROPODS. PLATE LI. EXPLANATION OF PLATE LI. FIG. 1. Bellerophon sp .1 Page Apertural aspect. (Hare collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 2. Bellerophon bilobatu* ? 147 Dorsal aspect. (Rowley collection.) Silurian, Trenton limestone . FIG. 8. Bellerophon marcouanus 148 Dorsal aspect. (Hare collection ) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. Fig. 4. Porcellia nodosa , 154 Side view . (Rowley collection . ) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. Fig. 5. Straparollus obtusus 157 View from above. (Keyes collection ) Carboniferous, Kinderhook beds . FIG. 6. Straparollus ammon 158 View from above. (Rowley collection . ) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 7. Omphalotrochus springvallensis 162 View of type . (U.S. Nat . Mns . ) Carboniferous, Kinderhook limestone. FIG . 8. Straparollus valvatiformis '. 157 View from below. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) Cambrian. FIG. 9. Straparollus latui 158 View from above . ( Keyes collection . ) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE LI. / . GASTEROPODS PLATE LII EXPLANATION OF PLATE LI I. Page FIG. 1. Igoce:as capulus . 1£ la. View from above. (Rowley collection.) Ib. Outline from side. Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 2. Igoctras fissurella 186 Side view. (Keyes collection ) Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone . FIG . 3 . Igoceras pabulocrinus Specimen attached to Platycrinus hemisphericus . (Keyes collection.) Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. FIG. 4. Plevrotomaria sp ? Side view. (Rowley collection ) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 5. Pleurotomaria sp 1 Side view Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG . 6 . Strophostylus peoriensis 197 Apertural view. (Keyes collection.) Carboniferous, Coal Measures. FIG . 7 . Phanerotinus paradoxus 164 Lateral view. Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG . & . Maclurea magna (young) ? 163 9a. View from above. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 9b. Apertural aspect of same. Silurian, Trenton limestone. FIG. 10. Capulus equilateralis 178 lOa. Lateral aspect. (Keyes collection.) lOb. Apertural aspect of a specimen which, was probably attached to a Platycrinus. Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone . MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PLATE LI I. GASTEROPODS. PLATE LIII. EXPLANATION OF PLATE LIII. Page. FIG. 1 . Capului paralius 174 la. Lateral view of type. (Mus. Michigan Univ.) Ib . Lateral view of young specimen ( Keyes collection ) Ic. Lateral view of another immature specimen. (Keyes collection.) Id. Lateral view of a natural cast. (Collection of J. S. Newberry.) Carboniferous, Kinderhook limestone. FIG . 2. Orthonychia formosum 189 Lateral view of type, attached to the vault of Dorycrinus immaturus Wacns. & Spr. (Cjliection of Wachsmuth & Springer.) Carboniferous, Kinderhook limestone. FIG. 3. Orthonychia cornuformis. FIG. 4. Strophostylus bivolvis (White & Whitfield) . FIG. 5. Igoceras subplicatum . FIG. 6. Capului lodensis. FIG. 7. Capulus piso . + FIG 8. Capulus occidens . FIG. 9. Capulus haliotoides 174 9a. Lateral view. (Collection of J. S. Newberry.) 9b. Apertural aspect of same. FIG. 10 . Igoceras quincyense. ..' 182 lOa. Lateral view, apical portion broken. (Keyes collection.) 10D. Lateral view of an exfoliated specimen. (Keyes collection.) lOc. Apical aspect of same. lOd. A specimen attached to the vault of Physetocrinus ventricosus Hall, lower portion of the crinoidal calyx not shown. (Collection Wachsmuth & Springer.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 11. Capulus tribal osus 175 lla. Lateral view. (Keyes collection.) lib. Dorsal aspect of same. lie. Lateral view of type. (Collection of E. O. Ulrich .) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 12 Capulus biserialis 177 12a. Lateral view of type. (After Meek & Worthen.) 12 b. Dorsal aspect of same. Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. . FIG. 13. Capulus latus 17& 13a Dorsal view of type. (Keyes collection.) 13b. Lateral aspect of same. Carboniferous, Bailington limestone . FIG 14. Capulus obliquus 177 14a. Dorsal view of type. (Keyes collection.) 14b. Lateral aspect of same. Carboniferous, Burlington limestone . FIG 15. Orthonychia cyrtolites .188 Lateral aspect. (Keyes collection.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone . MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE LI II. ^ Sa 3a 1C 4a 7b 9a 4b lOa 7c 8b ///, ! .^vA\\ 5 I2a Id •X 9d &*> ^» I2b I3a lOb / i He lOa I3b ^r lOc ** x yfl GASTEROPODS Ka (r PLATE LIV. EXPLANATION OF PLATE LIV. Page FIG. 1. Orthonychia chesterense 191 la. Lateral view. (Key es collection.) Ib. Lateral view of another specimen . Ic. Lateral aspect of specimen attached to Pterotocrinus acutus, with only a portion of the dome shown and the radial dome plates broken away. Id . View from above of another specimen resting on the same species of cri- noid. (Ib-d in collection Wachsmuth and Springer.) Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone. FIG. 2 . Orthonychia acutirostris 190 2a. Lateral view 2b. Dorsal view of another specimen. ( A. fter»W bitfield.) 2c. Lateral aspect of same. Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone . FIG. 3. Igoceras pabulocrinus '. 184 3a-b. Specimen attached to Platycrinus hemisphericus Meek & Worthen. (Keyes collection . ) Sc-k. Other specimens which were also attached to the same species of crinoid. 31. Lateral view of same. 8in . Posterior view of a natural cast showing muscular scars . (After Meek & Worthen ) Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. FIG. 4. Capulus spinigerus 4a. Lateral view. (After' Worthen.) 4b. Another aspect of same. FIG 5 . Capulus parvus 180 5a . Dorsal view of specimen supposed to be the type . (Museum State University of Missouri.) 5b. Lateral aspect of same. 5c. Posterior aspect of same. 5d . Posterior view of another specimen . (After White . ) FIG. 6. Naticopsis tortum (Meek) . 6a-b. Apertural and dorsal views of type. (Collection of J. S. Newberry.) FIG. 7. Portion of the vault of Strotocrinus rcgalis Hall, showing the impreesion made by a growing shell pf Capulus. FIG. 8. Calyx of Platycrinus pileiformis Hall, showing the impression made by a Capulus on the anal side of the crinoid. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE LIV. GASTEROPODS PLATE LV. EXPLANATION OF PLATE LY. Page. FIG. 1. Loxonemasp.l Lateral aspect. (Rowley collection.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG. 2. Loxonema sp,1 Lateral view. (Rowley collection.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. FIG 3. Gen. etsp. nov, 3a. View of bpecimen. (Hare collection.) 3b. Opposite aspect of same, showing columella Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 4. Soleniscus sp.1 4a. Specimen with part of body- whorl removed. (Hare collection.) 4b. Another specimen . (Same collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 6 . Bulimorpha inornata 205 Lateral view. (Hare collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 7. Strophostylus remex - 197 7a. Apertural view. (Key es collection.) 7b. Opposite aspect of same. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. 8. Trachydomia whceleri 200 Lateral view. (Key es collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE LV. 3a 3b 7b 4b f ,1 GASTEROPODS PLATE LVI, EXPLANATION OF PLATE LVI. Page FIG. 1. Goniaiites sp . 1 Lateral view . (Hare collection . ) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG. ?-. Nautilus winslowi 228 D >rsal aspect. Carboniferous, Coal Measures. FIG . 3 . Nautilus missouriensis 224 Dorsal aspect. Carboniferous, Coal Measures. FIG . 4 Nautilus forbesianus 22$ 4a. Side view. 4b. Lateral aspect. Carboniferous, Coal Measures. FIG 5. Nautilus ferratus . 5a. D >rsal aspect . (Hare collection . ) 5b. Side of same. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. FIG . 6 . Orthoceras rushensis 226 6a. Small and somewhat imperfect specimen. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE LVI. CEPHALOPODS. RETURN TO the circulation desk of any University of California Library or to the NORTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY Bldg. 400, Richmond Field Station University of California Richmond, CA 94804-4698 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS • 2-month loans may be renewed by calling (510)642-6753 • 1-year loans may be recharged by bringing books to NRLF • Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days prior to due date. DUE AS STAMPED BELOW ;> •"• \ ' J 12,000(11/95) 374986 Missouri. Bureau of Geology and Mines. Reports . PHYSICAL SCIENCES LIBRARY III 3 1175020902584 LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS