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MONOGRAPH

OF THE

NORTH AMERICAN EMPIDIDA:,

BY
#%

AXEL LEONARD MELANDER.

PART I.

[From Transactions American Entomological Society, Vol. XX VIII, 1902.]

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AMERICAN DIPTERA. 195

A MONOGRAPH OF THE NORTH AMERICAN
EMPIDID £.*

BY AXEL LEONARD MELANDER.
th?

PART I.

Although at the present time a Monograph of the family Empi-
did is not, perhaps, so much needed as that of some other Dipterons
families, on account of the revision in 1895 by Mr. D. W. Coquil-
lett; yet the material accumulated by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler during
several years, probably the richest collection of Empidide on this
continent, and which he has kindly relinquished—has turned the
writer into this channel.

Owing to the number of species in this family, it was thought
best to publish the work in two parts. For the second part the ~
genus Rhamphomyia alone is left, taking Rhamphomyia in its broad °
sense as those Empidine with long proboscis, in which the third
vein is unforked. But as this genus is one of the largest of the
genera of the animal kingdom, the parts are nearly balanced.

The fine collection of these flies contains material gathered to-
gether by Dr. Wheeler since 1890, representing the endeavors of
himself and of Messrs. J. M. Aldrich, C. F. Baker, G.Chagnon,
James Hine, G. de N. Hough, C. W. Johnson, G. R. Pilate, W. A.
Snow, H. E. Summers, 8. W. Williston and Mrs. A. T. Slosson, to
all of whom our greatest thanks are due.

This collection has been supplemented by most of the Empidide
gathered for the Biologia Centrali- Americana of Messrs. Godman
and Salvin by Messrs. H. H. Smith and F. Gaumer. However,
although so rich in material the collection is still far from being
complete. Many of the previously described species are not repre-
sented. This results not from any negligence on the part of the
collectors, but because the regions explored are widely separated,
and because, in most cases, the collecting was confined to a few
months of the year. The zeal of the collectors is apparent from the
fact that of the one hundred and ninety species (omitting some of the

unrecognizable ones of Francis Walker) described before our work

* Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of the Univ. of Texas. No. 26.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (25* ) JULY, 1902:

196 A. L. MELANDER.

on this family, and distributed among the genera treated in this
paper, seventy-four, or nearly forty per cent. are represented in
the collection. Besides these described species we have discovered
eighty new forms. The fact alone, that in a collection of insects,
even as superficial as this one necessarily is, and representing a
family so recently revised, more than half of the species are new
shows the enormous work yet to be done in systematic dipterology.
Five genera, previously unknown from this continent, are here
added, and in addition four new genera are established. Another
genus is erected, but as the insect represented was taken in Brazil, it
does not properly come within the confines of this paper, and has
therefore been added as a foot-note. Several changes in synonymy
have also been effected. As an interesting note in this connection
attention may he called to the fact that thirty-one years ago only
eighteen genera were known to Dr. H. Loew * as occurring in North
America, as compared with the thirty-seven now given. Will the
genera again be doubled in the next thirty years?

In this paper I have attempted to gather the descriptions made
by former observers, and to reduce all to English, in some cases
abbreviating the original. The analytical keys are in large part
based upon Mr. Schiner’s excellent work on the Austrian Flies, a
work which has been partially followed also in preparing the generic
diagnoses.

The family Empididz includes rather small to moderate sized
flies. The smallest species of the family belong to Drapetis and
measure only s'; inch. The largest forms reach a length of 2 inch.
With the exception of a few brilliant, metallic Mexican species,
most of the species are very modest in coloration, a sombre gray-
black being the most prevalent color.

Their habitus is generally the following : an almost spherical head
with large eyes, generally long pointed antennz and a slender pro-
boseis, directed either forward or downward; a slender body, the
thorax large, the abdomen long, terminating sharply in the female
and more or less club shaped in the male; the legs generally very
long and slender, especially the hinder pair, though not so notice-
ably long as in the Dolichopodid flies.

The structural characters of the family present a wide range of
variation. Perhaps the principal morphological character of a dip-

* Monogr. Dipt. N. Am., No. 1.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 197

teron lies in the structure and neuration of the wings. We are
mainly assisted by the venation in assigning a fly its systematic posi-
tion, and this is because the veins in an insect’s wing have become
fixed through long periods of evolutionary change. If we take
venation as our chief criterion, the family Empidide consists of an
incongruous assortment of genera. This is much more marked than
in most other families of Diptera, so much so that what is now given
as one family was formerly divided into three. In groups like the
Dolichopodidx or Syrphidz venation is of paramount importance,
and exhibits relatively little variation for all the members of the
family. But in the Empidide the number and the arrangement of
the veins may vary considerably. The larger genera have the full
number of veins and cells, but in the smaller forms there is a basal
coalescence of the posterior veins, until the anal cell vanishes and
the posterior cells become reduced to two. The next character in
which Empidide are variable is the structure of the antennz. Here,
again, the larger genera have normal three-jointed antenn, of which
the third joint is typically longer than the first or second, and bears
a variable terminal style or arista. In many of the smaller genera
the antennz are reduced in length, the first and second joints may
become fused into one, and the arista may become even sub-dorsal,
in which case these insects, superficially at least, bear a close resem-
blance to the smaller Muscids, a resemblance which is heightened
by the similarity of the wings.

Work on the homology of the parts of the male hypop ygium in
the different genera and families of flies has made but little advance
as yet. That much is to be accomplished in this line may be judged
from the similar work in other groups, as for example, the happy
results obtained by Prof. J. B. Smith from the study of Lachnosterna,
and especially since the Empidide present so large a number of
interesting and anomalous forms. Even in a single genus, we may
cite here Platypalpus or Empis, there is a wide range in the plasti-
city of similar parts. For this reason we have laid greater stress
than usual upon the conformation of the male genitalia, relying not
so much, however, on verbal description as upon the series of figures
of the various forms.

With these words of introduction we may come to a definition of
the family. Empidide are distinguished as such from all other flies
by the following combination of characters: Body chitinous; an-

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902

198 A. L. MELANDER.

tenn two- or three-jointed, the outer joint simple, not ringed, and
provided with a terminal or sub-dorsal arista of various length ; ver-
tex not hollowed ; empodia small, at least never swollen ; never more
than four posterior cells present in the wings, all of which are open ;
anal dated closed far from the border if present (except in the
Mythicomyiinz) ; second basal cell not confluent with the discal cell
if we except some of the species of Hemerodromia.

In addition to these points, there are other characters peculiar to
the family. The body is rather long and slender, the thorax gener-
ally very prominent. The head is nearly spherical and attached
loosely to the thorax. Although never minute the head is often
small, a character made pronounced by the large thorax. The eyes
often occupy nearly the whole head, sometimes the males are holop-
tic, sometimes dichoptic; in some cases the eyes of the female are
contiguous below the antenne. Generally the females are dichoptic.
Of one species both sexes may have similar eyes, or the female may
be dichoptic and the male holoptic. At the insertion of the an-
tenn there is an emargination of the eyes, more or less deep and
wide. The eyes are nearly always bare and composed of small
ommatidia, which may be of uniform size or rarely larger above.
Three ocelli are present. On account of the variation in the size of
the eye there is a corresponding difference in the construction of the
gene. These are largest in Coloboneura, whereas in many of the
Empidide the eyes reach the oral margin, and the cheeks disappear.
The mouth-opening is small; in some species, such as Platypalpus
hians, it is relatively larger. The mouth may be surrounded by
small bristles, but no large oral vibrassse are ever present. The face
is without a mystax, but in Empimorpha it is covered with long hair.
The proboscis, which is generally adapted for piercing, is variable
in length and structure. Sometimes it is minute and thickened,
often it surpasses the head and thorax, in which case it is either di-
rected backward or downward and is slender, or, more rarely, it is
directed forward and is then generally moderately thickened. Palpi
one- to three-jointed, bristly or not, projecting forward or applied to
the proboscis, ribbon like and slender, to oval, short, and broad.
Antenne porrect, generally diverging, approximated at the base, of
various shapes, generally three-jointed, often two-jointed. Most
often the basal joints are short and the third joint longer, rarely the
third joint is the shortest. The antennal appendage consists of a

‘ AMERICAN DIPTERA. 199

style or arista, terminal, except in a few genera, where it is sub-dor-
sal. It may be short, stubby, thick, and two-jointed, as the style, or
slender and hair like, and several times the length of the antenna,
as the arista. In one case (Hilara Johnsoni) the arista is spirally
curled. The arista is never plumose. The basal antennal joints
may be more or less bristly, but this is not the case with the third
joint; this joint varies greatly in shape, it may be short and stunted,
rather large and globose, oval, or lanceolate. The face may be ob
literated by the contiguity of the eyes, or may be broad and con-
vex, with the clypeus prominent, nearly always bare. On the occi-
put the postocular bristles are more or less prominent, as are also the
ocellar bristles.

The thorax is often prominent, larger than the remainder of the
body and hunchbacked ; though sometimes more or less flattened
dorsally. The humeral angles may be prominent. The dorsum and
pleure are generally covered with glaucous pollen. The arrangement
and the size of the bristles and hairs are extremely variable. The
margin of the scutellum is provided with from two to very many
bristles.

The abdomen is generally long and slender and more or less cyl-
indrical, sometimes broad and flat, consisting of five to seven seg-
ments, its hairiness variable. Ovipositor simple, generally small,
sometimes projecting as in Leptopeza ; hypopygium prominent, often
large and extremely complex, generally reflexed over the abdomen.
The ventral spots so characteristic of most dolichopodid genera are
conspicuously present in Colobonewra and many Empis.

Legs of varying structure, often the cox and femora are elonga
ted, often the femora are thickened and provided with spines below ;
in Hemerodromia the front ones are enlarged, in Platypalpus the
middle ones, in Hybos the hind ones, in Pachymeria all, ete.; the
metatarsi of the males of Hilara and some Empis are peculiarly en-
larged ; the legs of various species are provided with characteristic
ornaments, the femora and tibise of some females being ciliated with
scale-like hairs, while of some males they are armed with projecting
structures. The arrangement of the bristles is variable, as is the
amount of hair present. Pulvilli moderate, empodia small, ungues
plain.

Wings normally parallel with the body, rather large, long, and
narrow; neuration variable. The discal cell may be present or

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902.

200 A. L. MELANDER.

absent, one or two submarginal cells, and two to four posterior cells
may be present, the anal cell present or wanting; if present closed
far from the border of the wing (except in the Mythicomyinz which
properly do not come within the limits of this family). The front
border of the wing is provided with small bristles, which in at least
one species takes on the character of curved hooks. The formation
of the anal angle is of generic distinction, it may be rectangularly
developed or diminished to an even curve. Tegulz small, simple,
not conspicuously ciliated, halteres simple.

Little is known of the metamorphoses of the Empide. The larvee
are said to resemble those of the Asilidee. They have been found in
rich earth, under leaves and other decaying vegetable matter. The
pup are free, and with two porrect points at the anterior end.

The Empidide are all predaceous flies, though at times they are
found about flowers. Many of the species fly in swarms in an prial
dance over brooks or shrubbery. Some of the smaller forms fly
close to the ground and alight on stones. All are rather sluggish in
movement and therefore easy to catch.

As an example of the habits of these flies we may cite Hilara
trivitatta, the most conspicuous of the early spring insects of central
Texas, and the only one that appears in numbers at that time of the
year.

Coming before the Bibios and taking the place of the later-appear-
ing Ephydride the flies swarm in immense numbers over the swiftly-
running streams. Over open pools, especially where the water moves
swiftly, the flies skim along the surface, almost all oriented alike,
facing windward. By a gradual zig-zag flight they reach the wind-
ward edge of the pool, when some, hovering a moment, are blown
back, while the others take a sharp turn and fly to the starting
point. A part fly with the feet touching the surface of the water,
others skim along a few inches higher. In the sunshine a swarm of
the flies can be seen hovering and zig-zagging at a height of several
feet above the brook.

When copulating the pair float on the surface, and are swiftly
carried down stream. The more curious of the skimming flies come
one by one to settle on the drifting pair, and then fly away to some
other object. If a bit of grass be sent down stream the flies come
one at a time in quick succession to it, impelled either by hunger or
by the feeling of assisting a helpless object. This latter point is

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 201

shown when a newly-emerged fly of the same species is set adrift.
The flies gather about until a ball of dozens of individuals is float-
ing down stream. Soon the ball collides with some object and
breaks up; the flies then resume their zig-zag path up stream to
their former haunts, while others gather about the floating nymph.

In these Hilara swarms the males are much more numerous.
Their dilated fore-metatarsi perhaps serve in keeping the flies just
touching the water. The females of the European species are said
to fly about the bushes along the edges of the streams, but in trivit-
tata they mingle with the males in their strange dance. Some of
the European species form balloons of spun web somewhat similar to
those made by the North American Empis grobatica during court-
ship, as described by Aldrich and Turley (Am. Nat., Oct., 1899).

Trivittata appears regularly at mid-winter and remains nearly two
months hovering over the smaller streams.

In conclusion, I desire to thank Dr. Wheeler for the use of his
library, and for similar courtesies Dr. Williston, Mr. Henshaw and
Prof. Comstock. For assistance in looking up bibliography I wish
to express my thanks also to Miss Mabel Evans and to Mr. Henry
Barroll ; and especially for the kindness and liberality of the gentle-
men whose collections have made this work possible I again tender
my earnest appreciation.

Table of Genera.

Anal cell wanting, or if present very small and always the anal vein wanting.

Fore coxe shorter than the femora........-..- (TACHYDROMIIN2&) 6.
Anal cell complete, when wanting the fore femora are shorter than the fore
Sad ade alates einai ay wap ein calls temila, ot ais/eire a’ afer \e lel'slis. <0, ole, sfs yar suniel oivis eia'vays (ei(diers 2

we

2. Body without macrochete ; anal cell reaching the margin.
(MyYTHICOMYIN2#) 28.
Anal cell closed before border when present..----.-..+--s.ee see eeeeereees ae
3. Anal angle of wing not projecting, outline of wing more or less cuneiform;
fore coxe greatly lengthened............--- (HEMERODROMIIN®) 11.
Anal angle more or iess developed ; wings not cuneiform in outline; fore cox
SHOE RON AMND Hentai OLA casita sislecalors/etelels tie) e1-1sc sieic e-tensroue el 4,
4, Anal cross-vein perpendicular or forming an acute angle with the basal por-
tion of the anal vein; proboscis short; thorax prominent, generally
ETA HID ACK CM tereneneiay encicie olede nvexel siete eits}= eles ehatel <'si(e/.6).0:c9 mies) = (HyYBOTIN®) 18.
Anal ecross-vein parallel with the hind margin of the wing and forming an
obtuse angle or curve with the anal vein; proboscis often elongate ;
thorax generally not hunchbacked..-...---.-.-..-.- (EMPIDIN &®) 29.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (26) JULY, WO2.

202 A. L. MELANDER.

I

TACHY DROMIIN ®.
. A portion of the anal cell present...-............ Platypalpus Macquart.
Amal cell witolllyswamitin'e: «2. iote-ieporsra sensi sce 6) ste stererey slo ta cestesch-onern citer sr srelsane 6.

. Second basal cell much shorter than the first; all the femora erent thick-

ened; thick-set bristly species with erat eyes.
Coloboneura gen. nov.

Niotisae@h® flies io csjdievschere.t ale ete hentintele kenctoevets cteltseapcley Telsie steven terete tate re rene cre ctens ie
ATISHAIFETUOUITIAlLs b= en pak cha creceverpeusie come kodsiste fe-avete’e ie: aydowvavensy oie cohen tetel ofeltebabetey aioe ener 8.
ANTE, Cloyesel Ge SwloclsAMl ag osooasb casa ao cdo ue oo andH se boSdoCS aso oN hous 10.

. Front femora greatly thickened; wings sometimes variegated; front cox
Lene ihen ederenrtaeiine ieee re cieetaeitclerar Tachydromia Meigen.

OBST WAS sveveneie es heres Eisen OeSis Sh aiets ale: oie as. dia patra bye case fe felicia carte Mere eee eae 9,

. Last antennal joint elongate, conical........-. -Elaphropeza Macquart.
Last joint short, oval, or round ........-.....-.... «.-- Drapetis Meigen.

10. Proboscis short, vertical; palpi broad; front generally of an equal breadth ;

dat.

12.

13.

14.

EDS s p00 iy WMA sree Cre pote etal Petes tetiets elle t-tete ete ise retet= Stilpon Loew.
Palpi narrow, slender; hypopygium not greatly enlarged.
Phoneutisca Loew.

HEMERODROMIINE.
Third longitudinal vein simple, discal cell present, emitting three apical
ViGI Site alone tele Acohelarenctetereteredere vere harmtetceeiemertelicteitetcesten tie nteraressihetstenetareraenere whe
Thirdsvein forked), sai srctet sel erssateversseravsuetete: ote rsite lanctateretacotiouets exsts atevevieyeiteenetete icyou 15
Legs very slender, nowheres thickened.......-2+.-.ss-seseseeesessveeee 13.
Front femora robust; eyes separated ; basal cells long, anal cross-vein perpen-
AICUTATIwmcreve tele Coecerers) sean reccrouetevehereueiereveta teneleltemers Litanomyia gen. nov.

Third antennal joint long, acuminate, proboscis incurved.
Synamphotera bicolor Loew.
Third antennal joint short ovate; proboscis vertical.....-. N Ba deaeercnsarsts 14.
Eyes of the male nearly contiguous; hypopygium swollen, proboscis longer
than the head ; anal and second basal cells subequal (European species).
Sciodromia Haliday.
Eyes separated ; hypopygium small; proboscis short; anal cell shorter than
the second basal.......- ste eter eee nccees Oreothalia gen. nov.

. Head more or less flattened and horizontal; front femora greatly thickened,

bristly beneath, about equalling their coxee; when the discal cell is
present it is narrow, its outer boundary short, nearly perpendicular,
and generally emitting two veins to the margin, of which the anterior

is furcate, or in some eases three posterior veins are present.
Hemerodromia Meigen (sens. lat.).
Front coxe short, femora never thickened, not evidently spinose beneath ;
discal cell always present, moderately large, often pointed apically...16.

. Seutellum hairy; discal cell emitting only two veins, of which the anterior

TO MUIINCA LC ptekeistaleintetera te keret tel ieVey entero reat Roederiodes Coguillett.
Scutellum bare, except for the marginal bristles; discal cell sending three
AME TOMT Kn slvae ees Nomioodiris dcinoan spon odo ob oSysocosoda dooms ibA

. Head lengthened, reaching forward; veins two and three undulating ; arista

Taya Oe Meteteleteve dele ledelelelieketelenete le ekee=teleie ie ieeetel Ardoptera Macquart.
Head nearly vertical; arista moderate..... Clinocera Meigen (sens lat.).

AMERICAN DIPTERA. fj 203

HY BOTIN &.

18. Third vein simple .-.-.-.-0- wees cere cs cece cece ce eet ee ccc se senerenes 19,
STUITUEGIRVOLIMCO RISC esr en er eleter cic nie cy svate lous soca tessenensiaigtebetpuejern Lie Gin elereiae arate 27.
19. Anal cell shorter than the second basal... .----.-..ssssceccrevssnecceces 24,
Anal cell as long as the second basal or longer...----+.++1 seeeesee seers 20.
20: Fourth vein forked; hind femora not incrassate .... Meghyperus Loew.
Fourth vein simple; hind femora more or less thickened...........-...- 21.
21. Origin of the second vein nearer to the humeral than to the anterior cross-vein.
Poaenuie Walker.
Origin of the second yein not nearer the humeral....... soca.
22. Vein between the first and second basals indistinct....... syndyas Loew.
Vein between the first and second basals distinct. . Seertareh Morera:

23. Stout, bronzed species with enormously thickened hind or (Brazilian),
Lactistomyia gen. noy.
More slender species of black or blue-black coloration.....-. Hybos Meigen.
24. Three veins at the apex of the discal cell..---.--..----e esse seen seen 25.
Two veins at the apex of the discal cell .--.-----.------- sees sees eeee 26.
25. Hind legs lengthened ; tibiew straight...-......- Euthyneura Macquart.
Hind femora thickened ; hind tibiz bowed ...-....-.-..- Oedalea Meigen.
26. Third antennal joint conical, with a terminal bristle Leptopeza Macquart.

30.

3l.

32.

33.

34.

Third antennal joint oval; bristle subdorsal........ Ocydromia Meigen.

. Anterior branch of the third vein terminating in the second vein.

Blepharoprocta Loew.
Anterior vein terminating in the costa.......... Brachystoma Meigen.

MYTHICOMYIINZ.

. No discal cell; second vein ending in the costa.. Hilaromorpha Schiner.

Discal cell present; second vein ending in the first.
Mythicomyia Coquillett.

EMPIDIN ®.

. Diseal cell wanting .----.+-...--s-+sesseree cree cceess Cyrtoma Meigen.
Discal cell present -.- -- 1-1 ee eee cece cee cee cee eee eee e ete teen eee nes 30.
Third vein simple -..-... esr e eee eee cece cence eee ec eee ete eee ees Sie
DIMFUITCLUsy QUILL Cok DO eee nanereuctelieietetiel-<) ceues cLer'ovaicyevuensioyiaisifer. oo arc iene: c= ovohensyeyie. sj cle:laielcxe (elevs 34.

Proboscis not longer than the head, generally extending straight forward. .32
Proboscis longer than the head; generally directed backwards; antenne
Dl ainlyabMRee | OUN bE Cert tel seyleielat yl al siele rete iele ts) teletaielel citadel Sos

Eyes of the male separated ; hypopygium minute.
Microphorus Macquart.
Eyes of the male contiguous; hypopygium large, pedunculate, and flexed to

the right ...---- eee eee eee ee cee eee eee eee Holoclera Scbhiner.
Hacer kod atcrseracisne eerie ipeise sisioayeie> fice Rhamphomyia Meigen.
Face provided with bristly hairs.......-...----+-++-- Neocota Coquillett.
Proboscis evidently longer than the head...-...----- ++. eee eee eee eee 35.
Proboscis not longer than the head........--.+-.++.+0+-255 Re valaiisicrs iota a 39.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902

204 A. L. MELANDER.

30. All the legs of nearly equal length ; hind femora much thickened.
) Pachymeria Stephens.
Hind legs longer than the others, their femora but little or not at all thick-
GTO co siaree ots ae ade raieP ete te beter oie Celera ioe arene aren) Sve rer aC Se Pel’e tate aE a ae rae 36.
36. Proboscis hanging downward or backward, and slender ...-... ...... - 37.
Proboscis directed forward........-...-..-..----- Iteaphila Zetterstedt.
SU RMA Ge ria Ke cera.ers over sloke a ae voelare mieetehor oe isis nin iia chers aa Ree ae 38.
Face provided with bristly hairs ............. Empimorpha Coquillett.
38. Metallic species.......-........- Lamprempis Wheeler and Melander.
Non =mietalllicrspecies srerertetsielacteteregrsieteiete ivoire heteloier (eget sree Em pis Linné.
39. Antennz very short, apparently two-jointed, the last joint ovate, with a
AGHIOS Gingfessacsocs scowls godovoons Hormopeza Zetterstedt.
AN Fenn LOTME GOT HET WAGE ic cisicls te. <.e icles: a)sleicls cievelehniatedelepabenscoraionerednetete titer a eeaene 40.

40. Proboscis shorter than the head ; fore metatarsi of the male not enlarged. . 41.
Proboscis about as long as the head; fore metatarsi more or less swollen in

PIVG STAVE oa ots crate lcsersia sealers 43, snatate-lomin eeu thepeiobes temeretemene Hilaria Meigen.

41. Arista short, two-jointed....-...-..--..--2--s+es+-s-e-eee- Ragas Walker.

Arista long, slender .----..---+.+56+2 0-2 esses ees eeeee Gloma Meigen.
TACHY DROMIIN-.

PHONEUTISCA Loew.

“« Phoneutisca differs from Tachypeza (i. e., Tachydromia) by the
sub-dorsal seta of the antenne, the apex of the second vein abruptly
recurved, so that the second half of the costa is shorter than the
third, the anterior femora less incrassate; it is distinguished from
Drapetis by the straight narrower proboscis and the narrow elon-
gate palpi.” Loew, Cent. III, 35.

The hypopygium is not enlarged as in Stidpon.

Legs and wings in part infuscated..--------++-+-+++-++++-- bimaculata Loew.
Legs yellowish, wings clear... --.--+++++++ sees reeees simplicior Wh. et M.

Phoneutisea bimaculata Loew (Fig. 1).

Cent. III, 35.
Black, shining, the elongate palpi and the halteres white, anterior knees

always and posterior tarsi at base often testaceous. Wings cinereous, with a
black costal spot surrounding the abruptly recurved end of the second vein,
veins fuscous, third and fourth veins close together and parallel. 2 mm.

Alaska.
Two males from Brookings, South Dakota (May), differ in having

the palpi black. The hypopygium, together with the abdomen,
forms a small club. There are no exposed parts to the hypopygium.
Viewed from behind the outline is an equilateral triangle, the base

above.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 205

Phoneutisea simplicior Wheeler et Melander (Fig. 6).
Biol. Cent. Am. 1901, Dipt. Suppl. p. 375.

Black, shining; legs yellow. Antenne short, black, third joint shorter than
the second. Vertex with a purple tinge. Palpi whitish; proboscis black, about
one-third the eye-height. Thorax shining black, with a faint purplish reflec-
tion, pleure lightly pruinose. Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen black, with a
bronze tinge. Legs and cox yellow, tarsi darker on the last joint. Wings
cinereous-hyaline, unspotted, veins strongly fuscous, third and fourth veins
straight, slightly divergent. 1.5 mm.

Guerrero and Vera Cruz (Mexico).

STILPON Loew.

Separated from Drapetis on account of the sides of the front
being parallel, not triangular, and the arista dorsal, and not apical.
The hypopygium in at least two of our species is very large, and its
parts widely open.

Thorax shining black, hind metatarsi dark ..---- +++ .e sees eee e es cece ee eee eee 2
Thorax cinerascent, legs yellowish ..--.------ -++-++-+++0+- Houghii sp. nov.
DAG GHIGMEGES UACOOUB:rietecieitcietets oral teeta ore elo ereiei i ey ere eo varipes Loew.

Abdomen piceous...--- ++. seer cere etree reece eens pectiniger sp. nov.

Stilpon varipes Loew.
Cent. I, 58.

Black, abdomen testaceous, halteres fuscous, wings infuscated, second and
third sections of the costa subequal. Face white pollinose. Legs yellow, ante-
rior femora strongly incrassate, apex of middle femora and outer half of poste-
rior femora fuscous, anterior tibize beyond the base infuscated, posterior tibize
fuscous, a little thickened at the tip; tarsi subfuscous, first joint fuscous, last
joint black, hind metatarsi a little thickened. First longitudinal vein and first
section of the costa testaceous, basal half of fourth vein weak, rest of veins fus-
cous, all the veins broadly bordered with fuscous, except second half of fourth
and tip of fifth. 1.7 mm.

Pennsylvania (Osten Sacken).

Stilpon pectiniger sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 5).

Male. Length 1.5 mm.—Black. Eyes contiguous below antenne. Front but
little diverging towards vertex. Antenne yellow at base, with several stout
bristles, apical joint minute, fuscons, the long seta subdorsal. Palpi and probos-
cis yellow. Thorax shining, abdomen piceous and not shining, except hypopy-
gium, which is very asy metrical, though smaller than in Houghwi. Legs wholly
yellow, except the hind metatarsi, which are incrassate, and the apical joint of
tarsi; front femora thickened ; hind femora above and below with a row of strong
bristles, hind tibiz inwardly and outwardly with a row of bristles, though these
are not so closely placed, a little swollen at tip; middle tibize beneath at tip with
several stout short bristles. All bristles are black. Knob of halteres elongate,
well chitinized, punctulate, black, shining. Wings cinereous-hyaline, veins fus-
cous; first longitudinal and first section of costa not testaceous; veins not at all
bordered with dusky coloration ; fourth longitudinal ends at extreme tip of wing.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902.

206 A. L. MELANDER.

Two males; Milwaukee, Wis., VI, 26, 1895. New Bedford,
Mass., V, 24, 1896.

This may prove to be the male of varipes Loew, though the pice-
ous, abdomen and lack of the dark color of the legs and unbordered
veins, etc., are sufficient for specific differences in the present state
of our knowledge.

Stilpon Houghii sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 3).

Male and Female. Length 2 mm.—Black, not shining. Head, thorax and
abdomen cinereous dusted. Face and front cinereous, face broad in both sexes,
front narrowed a little above antenne. Antenne short, third joint not minute
though small, seta shorter than height of head, apical joint and seta infuscated.
Proboscis short, thick, bent back, sordid yellow, dusky at apex; palpi sordid
yellow. Thorax very bristly. Abdomen shining through the cinereous coating ;
hypopygium enormously enlarged, shining above. Legs yellowish, tarsi but
little dusky towards tip; femora a little thickened, hind femora with a few
macrochetz on posterior surface; tarsi slender, hind metatarsi not thickened.
Halteres yellowish, knob infuscated. Wings hyaline, with an opalescent tinge,
nerves pale yellow; basal cells long, subequal.

Two males, one female; New Bedford (June), and Horse Neck
Beach (August), Massachusetts.

I take pleasure in dedicating this curious insect to Dr. Garry de
N. Hough, who has many times shown his generous spirit to all
interested in Dipterology.

DRAPETIS Meigen.

Very small, shining, black or brownish, rather thick-set species.
Antenne two-jointed, shorter than the head; end joint short and
rounded, with a simple terminal bristle. Proboscis short, vertical ;
palpi broadened, bristly at tip, shorter than the proboscis. Eyes
narrowly separated in both sexes. Legs with fine pubescence ; cox
not lengthened ; hind tibize generally ending on the posterior side in
amore or less well developed brush-like process, forming a partial
sheath around the base of the metatarsus. Third longitudinal vein
not forked, no diseal nor anal cell, first basal cell shorter than the
second.

ke SS MOS thiys Lae Kaen myn) mode te ms etm iny palm eli=y af he hale aye lelelist cl efeleled=lelefeletetstat-t=tateietalol-it-tetets 2.
Hore temora more orlessiyellowieyae cr ari ar © iatosi a setae ieeaiartetetee aetstosetolaie 5.
2, Halteres'lack~ hing, tibiss with mo) bristles=- mo 10> seria elena ele Sactoe
Halteres white; hind tibiz lighter, with several bristles on outer side..-... 4.

3. Third (fourth) abdominal segment large; fore tibie lighter; antenne larger ;
VEIN SISUMON GCMs ere reledetaleuralctelef tel at-) pls} ste lelet=| atelier ede nigra Meigen.

Abdominal segments normal; legs uniformly dark; antenne small; veins
weak; hypopygium biparted...........+-.s..0.- dividua sp. nov.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 207

4, Third antennal joint oval; hind tarsi and metatarsi with dense brush of yel-

low hairs on outer side.-----+-+++++-+-+-+- seeeeees Mibida sp. noy.
Third antennal joint elongate; hind legs with no brush or with a small one of
orange hairs -.--.--see eee e ere cece cece cece ees medetera sp. nov. .

5. Yellow or reddish yellow; fourth abdominal segment black.
flavida Williston.

Thorax black, abdomen fuscous to black....---:seseeeee eee e cree e cree ceees 6.
6. Third and 4th longitudinals widely divergent ; species less than 14 mm. long....7.
Third and fourth longitudinals at most subparallel, larger..----+++++++++-- 8.

7. Pile of thorax yellow; antennz fuscous; halteres fuscous.
minuta Williston.
Pile of thorax black ; antenne black ; halteres whitish..divergens Loew.

Seaclalteress wi tiasca bed sree sere stele iistevelelelieh-i-ter cers ef eletollstcucin™ ~=/s!s)/</eierein is =1«10)(01~ Lig et?)
EAU Geesnvy Lilie tetera renal srioaisiate elele tele feisekeyserelieitelvialelislele a1 Ue)(+1~Ve)isi.si-\al'« esas) eo) sie0! «i= ital
9. Posterior basal cell but little longer than anterior...---- egeheivetensgeeteh= i olskon 10.

Second basal cell two times first; costa not thickened. .latipenmnis sp. nov-

10. Abdomen fuscous, shining; antenne yellowish; pleure yellowish; pleure
yellowish ; wings darker at base; legs light yellow.

pubesceus Loew.

Abdomen mostly opaque black; antenne infuscated ; pleure black; wings

uniform ; legs darker; costa thickened between first and second veins ;

marginal cell at tip of first vein one half the width of submarginal ;

third and fourth longitudinals ending close together; wings with

brownish tinge ...--....ee- cece seer ce cere eres apicis Williston.

le erse umes Ute OUsis atelsia els cteleleile oere miele alee! aein) er eleirl=)| =e einieieloiele niwlnlnleliab-lsi+) 1 14.

Posterior femora dark in part. ..-.-.e.see- eee eee eee ee ete eet ee teens: 12.

12. Posterior femora dark at apex, light at base ; coxe yellowish ; hind metatarsi
darker than other joints. i

Posterior femora reddish at tip, black at base; coxe black; hairs of thorax
intermixed with black; third and fourth veins Sferarullel® tarsi
darker towards tip .-+-+-.sseeceec cece cece ee cece: unipila Loew.

13. Stout; 3d and 4th longitudinals converging -------- femoralis Wh. et M.

Less robust; 3d vein straight...---------+-+--- septentrionalis sp. noy.

14. Veins fuscous; posterior basal never as much as twice as long as anterior; 3d
vein almost straight; hind metatarsi infuscated ..-.--.-.-+++-++-- 15.

Veins faint; posterior basal about twice as long as anterior; 3d vein with a

subapical anterior curve; metatarsi not dark..spectabilis sp. nov. »
15. Third and fourth longitudinals subparallel; hind tibie simple; antennz

black; palpi lutescent .-....--.-e-seseeee ree eee gilvipes Loew.
First posterior cell a little narrowed in the margin; hind tibie with a short
spur; antenne and palpi infuscated...--- xanthopoda Williston.

Drapetis nitida sp. nov. (Figs. 10, 14, 21).

Length 2-2.5 mm., wings same. Wholly shining black. Eyes contiguous
below and narrowly above antenne. Front not.broad, triangular, Last an-
tennal joint nearly oval, little longer than deep. Occiput not pruinose. Body
with short sparse hairs, besides the black macrochetee. Scutellum with two long
bristles. Halteres whitish. Abdomen of male generally blunt, of female gener-
ally pointed, segments of subequal length; hypopygium small, shining, legs in

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902.

208 A. Le MELANDER.

nature specimens totally black. Most of the specimens, however, show a ten-
dency in the tarsi and posterior tibie to become lighter in color, even yellow.
Legs rather short and stout, front femora thickened more than the others, poste-
rior femora not lengthened, posterior tibiz on hind apical third beset with a
brush of golden hairs and produced to form a yellow sheath about posterior
basal part of metatarsi. This ornamentation is variable in size, and generally
more evident in the male. Wings cinereous hyaline, veins yellowish to brown,
third and fourth subparallel at tip, in some specimens slightly converging,
fourth generally attenuate at base.

Fourteen males, twenty-seven females; Monterey Co., Cal., July.
Three males; Austin, Texas, March, October. One male; Granite
Mountain, Texas, March 30th.

es Drapetis medetera sp. nov. (Fig. 22).

Very similar to nitida, but readily distinguished by its smaller size and more
slender legs. The posterior legs show less tendency toward the brown coloring,
especially in the northern specimens, their brush is much reduced, sometimes
wanting, and when present of a darker, orange color. The third antennal joint
is two to two and one-half times its greatest width and pointed. Length 1.75-
2mm.

Six males, sixteen females; Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona.
A very unstable form.
Drapetis nigra Meigen (Figs. 12, 17, 24).

Four specimens from Brookings, South Dakota, do not disagree
with Meigen’s and others’ descriptions.

The front is narrow, the eyes are subcontiguous for a long space
beneath the antenne, the hypopygium is much as in dividua, there
are no thoracic macrocheetee, the scutellum has two apical bristles,
the legs are largely piceous and the veins of the wings are strong.
For the wing neuration see the figure

‘ Drapetis dividua sp. nov. (Fig. 16, 18, 23).

Length 1.25-1.5 mm.—Obscure black. Antenne black, third joint cordate,
arista nearly two times length of antenna. Eyes narrowly separated above and
below antennz. Proboscis one-half head height, fuscous; palpi piceous, with
golden hairs, rather broad. Front narrow. Occiput, thoracic dorsum and abdo-
men moderately shining, covered with dusky hairs; thorax without macroche-
te, scutellum with two moderateiy long and several shorter bristles; pleure
shining, not metallic. Halteres black. Hypopygium horizontally cleft, covered
with stiff dusky hairs at base and black ones at tip, the upper portion erect, the
lower larger part terminal. Legs black, the tarsi sometimes lighter; none of the
femora greatly thickened, no macrocheete, no brush nor spur on hind tibize, hind
femora not much bent, hind metatarsi not enlarged, a little compressed. Wings
clear hyaline, costa not thickened, marginal cell at tip of first vein twice as wide
as sabmarginal, third longitudinal vein ending much before apex of wing, fourth
ends at apex, second basal a little longer than first, third and fourth longitudinal
veins slightly diverging, anal angle rather full.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 209

Twenty-five specimens. Moscow, Idaho.
Apicis, nige® and dividua are quite similar at first sight. More-
over, they constitute a group having the hypopygium cleft.

Drapetis latipennis sp. nov. (Figs. 11, 19).

Length 1.5-2 mm.—Black, shining; legs yellowish brown. Front moderately
narrow; vertex and occiput shining, beset with dusky hairs. Eyes narrowly
separated below antennz. Proboscis black, pointed, palpi piceous, with grayish
hairs, broad, mouth-parts very small. Antenne short, piceous; third joint equal
to second, flattened above, arista long. Thorax large, shining, black, notum with
sparse dusky hairs, no macrocheete; pleurze very shining, with no hairs nor
pollen; scutellum with two apical bristles; halteres piceous. Abdomen fuscous
to black, hairy, segments regular, in the male segments five and six have a
slightly whitish cast, in the female segments four and five have whitish borders
sometimes; hypopygium not wider than abdomen; anal segments of female
black. Front coxee and femora luteous, middle and posterior coxz and trochan-
ters piceous, remainder of legs sordid yellow, tarsal joints not darker apically,
hind legs as far as second tarsal joint sometimes more or less dark; hind tibiz
with a very small spur on posterior side and a few yellowish hairs near tip.
Wings hyaline, broad, anal angle full, second vein terminates nearer first than
third, marginal cell at tip of first vein three times the width of submarginal at
that point, second basal cell broad, about twice as long as first, third and fourth
longitudinals diverging and then subparallel, first posterior cell not narrow in
the wing margin; veins not broad, though piceous.

Two males and three females; Lawrence, Kansas. One male;
Milwaukee, Wis.

Drapetis apicis Williston.
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, iii, p. 442.

Antenne brown, third joint small, onion-shaped. Front black, not shining.
Eyes contiguous on face. Thorax black, mesonotum moderately shining, scutel-
lum with two bristles; abdomen nearly opaque black. Legs brown, front coxe,
basal part of all the femora, hind tibiz in part, and the proximal part of the four
posterior tarsi yellowish. Front femora thickened on the proximal portion, the
under border straight; middle femora less thickened, hind femora rather slen-
der. Wings nearly uniformly tinged with brown; second and third sections of
the costa subequal ; third and fourth veins nearly parallel, the third terminating
at the extreme tip; penultimate section of fourth vein about twice the length of
the posterior cross-vein. Palpi, proboscis and halteres brown. Front and hind
tibiz without spurs. Length 2 mm.

St. Vincent, West Indies.

In addition to the characters given in the specific diagnosis, the
following will help to distinguish this species from dividua :

Costa thickened between first and second veins; marginal cells at
tip of first vein one-half the width of the submarginal cell at that

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (27) JULY, 1902

210 A. L. MELANDER.

point; third and fourth longitudinal veins ending close together ;
anal angle not strongly developed.
The antenne are very small and the wings have a brownish tinge.

Drapetis pubescens Loew.
Cent., li, 57.

Black, shining. Head black, shining, the hairs of the vertex fuscous. An-
tennee dull yellow, the third joint and the seta sub-fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous.
Dorsum of the thorax black, shining, covered with short and dense whitish pu-
bescence. Pleure very pale yellow, the upper third fuscous, spotted with black.
Abdomen dark fuscous, with very short pale pubescence; base of the abdomen
often yellowish ; ovipositor of the female longer than in the majority of the spe-
cies, bent somewhat downward, black, the apex brownish. Legs whitish, with
short whitish pubescence, the posterior tibiz bearing a little longer pile above.
Halteres fuscous. Wings hyaline, with a gray tinge, the basal third infuscated
slightly, the fourth vein sub-arcuate, basal cells equal. Length 2 mm.

New York.

Drapetis divergens Loew (Fig. 15).
Cent. x, 62.

Black, shining. Antenne short, black, the first two joints a little less black,
often fuscous, in immature specimens even reddish. Palpi moderately broad,
whitish. Hair of the vertex whitish. Thoracic dorsum closely clothed with
short and somewhat appressed white pubescence, and provided above the wings
with some pale yellowish hair, blackish by transmitted light. Abdomen black
aud shining, in immature species whitish toward the base, but the hind margins
of the segments always black. Front coxe wholly, the others, except the base,
yellow. Legs yellow, the tarsi almost wholly fuscous ; hind femora thicker than
the middle ones, front femora thicker than the hind ones, all destitute of any long
hair, except the subapical hair of the middle femora; no apical setule on the
anterior tibiz ; apex of the hind tibie simple. Halteres whitish. Wings hya-
line, veins yellowish toward the base, otherwise fuscous ; the first vein is so little
curved, and the second so strongly arched, that the second section of the costa is
very short; third longitudinal vein slightly bent, the first portion more strongly
recurved than the outer, so that the vein joins the costa far from the apex of the
wing and ina rather sharp angle; third and fourth veins strongly diverging to-
ward the apex ; posterior basal cell much longer than the anterior. Length 1 mm,

Texas, Alabama, Georgia, New Mexico.

Drapetis minuta Williston.
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, iii, p. 442.

Eyes of male closely contiguous above and below the antenne. Vertical trian-
gle and occiput black, whitish pruinose. Antenne light yellow; third joint as
long as the first two together, half longer than wide. Thorax black ; mesonotum
shining, clothed with dark hair. Scutellum with two bristles. Abdomen black,
moderately shining. Legs light yellow; all the femora moderately thickened,
the front pair more so than the others. Wings nearly hyaline; second vein

AMERICAN DIPTERA. il

deeply concave anteriorly ; third vein widely divergent from the fourth, the first
posterior cell widely open.

A cotype specimen measures 1.3 mm.
St. Vincent, West Indies.

Drapetis unipila Loew.
Cent. x, 60.

Black, very shining. Antenne concolorous, the third joint short and ovate.
Palpi almost black. Thoracic dorsum provided with short cinereous pile and
some scattered longer black hairs. Abdomen black, the second segment, except
the apical margin, and the third sometimes at the base, dull whitish. Trochan-
ters reddish-brown. Femora black, except the reddish apex, the front ones
strongly thickened towards the base, the hind ones moderately thickened, mid-
dle femora not thickened ; all the femora provided at the base below with a sin-
gle hair, the hind one, however, finer and more difficultly seen; moreover, the
front femora bear on each side, the middle ones on the front side, a subapical
hair, the hind femora bear on the forward side two long hairs, one subapical, the
other a little more distant from the apex ; the anterior tibize beyond the reddish
base often fuscous and provided with apical setule; hind ones badious or red-
dish, above, except the base and apex, often fuscous and there armed with the
long hair, much further from the apex than from the base; apex of the hind
tibizw dilated, so that the tarsus is inserted not at the apex but a little before
it. Anterior tarsi dark brown, toward the base often reddish, hind ones red-
dish; last joint blackish always, the three preceding often fuscous. Halteres
whitish. Wings hyaline, veins pale yellowish brown; first and second longitu-
dinals moderately and evenly curved, the third meeting the costa a little before
the apex of the wing, slightly sinuous over all and slightly incurved toward the
apex, fourth slightly sinuous, and almost parallel with the third; posterior basal
cell much longer than the anterior. Length 2 mm.

Texas.

Drapetis femoralis Wheeler et Melander (Fig. 13).
Biol. Cent.-Am. 1901, Dipt. Suppl. p. 375.

Shining black; front and proboscis black; antenne and palpi fuscous; front
broad; halteres whitish; legs yellowish brown, four anterior femora darker
above, hind femora darker on distal half, tarsi darker, especially hind metatarsi,
which are equal in length to the remainder of the tarsus; hind tibize with a short
thick terminal spur; wings grayish, veins strong, brown, third and fourth veins
gently curved towards each other near the tip, posterior basal cell twice the
length of the first. 2mm.

Mexico, Vera Cruz and Tabasco.

The scutellum has four fine marginal hairs. On the outer side
the hind tibis have a strong preapical bristle. The pubescence of
the thorax is white.

Drapetis septentrionalis sp. nov.

Very similar to the preceding, but differs in its much smaller, more graceful
stature. The hairs of the thorax are less conspicuous, dusky and white inter-

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902

212

A. L. MELANDER.

mixed; the marginal bristles of the thorax are stouter and likewise the two on

the scutellum.

The spur of the hind tibiz is much reduced. The third and

fourth longitudinal veins are straight and diverge but very slightly; the first
basal cell is three-fourths as long as the second. Length 1.5 mm.

A single male; Battle Creek, Michigan (J. M. Aldrich).

\ Drapetis speetabilis sp. nov. (figs. 9, 20).

Length 2-2.5 mm.
fering as follows:

spectabilis.
Eyes almost touching just above an-
tenne.
Arista once and a half antenna.
Thorax prominent in front.
Seutellum with two long bristles.
Abdomen depressed.
Wings hyaline.
Nerves flavous.
First posterior wider in margin than at
tip of first vein.
Second basal twice first.
Third vein sinuous.
Marginal wider than submarginal cell.
Hind femora not strongly curved.
Hind tibizw with no subapical bristles.

Hind tibiz with three long hairs on
outer side proximally.
Metatarsi not dark.

Very similar to xanthopodus Williston, dif-

xanthopodus.
Eyes wholly separated above.

Arista three times antenna.

Thorax globose.

Scutellum with four long bristles.

Abdomen subeylindrical.

Wings cinereous hyaline.

Nerves saturate fuscous.

First posterior narrower in margin
than at tip of first vein.

Second basal shorter.

Third and fourth subparallel.

Marginal not wider than submarginal.

Hind femora bowed, more robust.

Hind tibisz: with two subapical bris-
tles on outer side.

Hind tibiz without these.

Hind metatarsi darker than rest.

Both species possess a small though well-marked brush of yellow
hairs on inner side of posterior tibiz.
Five males, seven females; Woods Holl and Horseneck Beach,

Massachusetts, July-August.

Drapetis xanthopodus Williston.

A specimen from Georgia very closely resembles the type from

the Island of St. Vincent, West Indies.

The thorax is less bril-

liant, however, and the legs are more dusky.
- One specinen ; Galveston, Texas.
In this connection may be noted a slip of the pen in the appendix

to Dr. Williston’s “ Diptera of St. Vincent.”

Xanthopodus is there

called flavipes, its manuscript name (not flavipes of Macquart), and

flavidus is called xanthopodus.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 21S

Drapetis gilvipes Loew.
Cent. x, p. 61.

Black, very shining. Antenne black, shorter than in wnipila; third joint
short and round-ovate; seta very long. Palpi dull yellow. Thoracic dorsum
covered with short blackish pubescence; except for the sides and hind margin,
devoid of longer black pile. Pleure# provided with no pollen at all, very shin-
ing. Abdomen black and shining, the second, third and fourth segments of the
described specimen dusky whitish, the hind margin of each black; in older
specimens, perhaps, the whole abdomen is black. Legs, together with the
coxee, strong yellow, the hind metatarsi and the apex of all the tarsi fuscous or
almost black. Middle femora stronger, but not thickened, the other femora
moderately and evenly thickened. Front and middle tibise armed with apical
setule; apex of the hind tibie simple. Halteres whitish. Wings cinereous,
veins dark fuscous; first and second veins but very little curved, the third vein
nearly straight, meeting the costa a little before the apex of the wing, fourth sub-
parallel with the third, not undulating, the apical third of its last segment, how-
ever, bending back slightly; posterior basal cell longer than the anterior.
Length 1.3 mm.

Texas, Bosque Co.

‘ Drapetis flavida Williston.
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 308.

Yellow or reddish yellow; head and the fourth abdominal segment black.
Occiput, vertical triangle and the front black. Eyes contiguous below the an-
tenn, subcontiguous above. Antenne yellow, the third joint sometimes brown-
ish. Thorax reddish yellow, mesonotum shining, with light colored hair and
bristles; hind tibie in the male with a stout curved spur at the tip; hind femora
less thickened than the middle ones; the front pair considerably thickened.
Wings hyaline; the outer portions of the third and fourth veins parallel or very
slightly divergent. Length 2-2.5 mm.

St. Vincent, Hayti, Vera Cruz, Orizaba, Yucatan, Louisiana.

ELAPHROPEZA Meigen.

Small, Platypalpus-like species. Antenne apparently two jointed,
the end joint lengthened, with a long arista. Proboscis shorter than
the head, vertical; palpi shorter than the proboscis. Face narrow,
vertex a little broader. Legs but little thickened. Wings with
unforked third vein and with no discal nor anal cell; cross-veins
approximated.

But one species in our fauna. The genus was not discovered on
this continent before.

Elaphropeza montana sp. noy. (figs. 7, 8).
Length 2mm. Black, shining. Eyes contiguous below the antenne. Pro-
boscis small, black, palpi lutescent. Antenne yellow or fuscous at the base, third
joint lanceolate, conical, black, bearing a short, stout, terminal arista, whose

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902.

214 A. L. MELANDER.

length equals the third joint. Vertex shining, sides of face nearly parallel ; occi-
put a little pruinose. Dorsum of thorax, pleuree and abdomen very shining,
black; notum devoid of bristles or hairs, though all the specimens may be
rubbed; scutellum with two fine, dusky bristles. Hypopygium small, append-
ages concealed. Legs, including the coxe, yellow, last joint of tarsi black; legs
slender, tibize spurless, no bristles, except the small setulee on the under side of
the middle femora—as in Platypalpus. Halteres small, whitish. Wings clear
hyaline, veins light fuscous, not thick; first basal very little longer than the sec-
ond, almost its equal in length; third and fourth longitudinals straight, parallel
on outer portion ; no trace of an anal cell; anal angle not prominent, rounded.

Eight males and one female; Colorado, C. F. Baker.

The structure of the middle legs is very much like that of certain
Platypalpus.

PLATYPALPUS Macquart.

Rather small flies, the largest species measuring but 4mm. Body
generally black, with yellowish legs. Wings not spotted. Antenne
apparently two-jointed, with a terminal arista. Proboscis shorter than
the head. Eyes of both sexes separated on the vertex. Hypopy-
gium not large, forming a rather blunt ending to the abdomen.
Front and middle tibize much thickened, generally with spines be-
neath. The middle tibiz ending in a spur. Wings with the third
vein unforked, all the cross veins near the middle of the wing, no
discal cell, anal cell present, its cross-vein perpendicular to the wing
margin, sixth vein abbreviated more or less basally.

The generic names Platypalpus and Tachydromia are chosen, not
because they are believed the correct solution of an entomological
controversy, but rather because most of the North American species
have been described under them.

Remora more or Less-DIAGk® «6.5.5 216/40 whe te ere pins rosie he aie Oe OO Ene nee: 2.

Femoral wholly: yellow: atj-crceie is 0 slots ejefovcle is si oie ralenichstr eletsitol et teteisi leer etareietrieyae 8.

9 Brontitibiw incrassates octcc cies nite is a otalociore crn oe Oo ee aera 3.
Bronittibite not. inerassatescr sro sawistetci ere hischer jo cits orn oer een nears 4,

Sloan serspecles-trnccilel atari ere rieeter ier re -- trivialis Loew male.
Shaeilll Sogenwsteocosocccsebososnsca eodnuesocsoouO pachycnemus Loew:

A AN thettibiva volackersscrcsc cere trots eo niemeustovevsl eee racecrtee monticola sp. noy.
Mibisosmore\or less yellowy err cle oysters eel elelehelelelavaistale reteteis teste tener et eet eee 5.

5. Third antennal joint short, oval .....-....- sees ee cece cece eee ee eee ce eee 6.
Third antennal joint lengthed, lanceolate................-- pluto sp. nov.”

6. Second basal cell considerably the longer............ ineultus Coquillett.
Hirst and second! basals subeqnialllactwie ctr cle etatecietel latte eke ee erties rae ie

7. Femora with a well-marked black dot; tibize yellow ..... apicalis Loew. ~

Anterior femora black above, the others black apically ; tibizw black apically
(Allaslean We teietatotoe sera na A werebicinete sietars craters diversipes Coquillett.

8. Thorax yellow in large part ....+.s cece esse cece e eee e cere e er ee cece erences 9.
Thorax Wholly bDlack. -- 0-66 c.e ssc c esse cee e sce wer cer et scereecvecees Ss
METS ucla ae ite areatsenein niche ekclehecaiekehavelovciciotaie (ols ele clove vele levels elerelels {si sialejeveleelalsjeveieie eke Tat.
Head) yellow... 02 cccescccet cere cere ence eee rete ener ene ee rence eeeeece 10.
MC BED GMINA O VU inicssratolanetetetave reser oeioval evcliet nel e\cilovel eyellefevcve levee ehetelels tersus Coquillett.
Tecca MTR TGse1 Ce eRe Tech creie ele tosicte epetpsterececuereicrcustneterets flavirostris Loew.
11. Thorax with black SC LET oe ae oe acta aida cate eeericnbe teeter entate 12.
BIRR OTe VC TIEID ORUAL Li teaehenetenetencTiorebeiate Ter chenakenel «rare atelicls (ote) oteleeifovercbele /aolalteleleye \elele)lelelie Sara
12. Proboscis mostly yellow. .-.-.+-+seee cece ee eeeee mesogrammus Loew.
Proboscis black ; wings elongate. .-..++-+++eeeeeeeeeee ealigatus sp. nov.
13. Front femora somewhat thickened «...-.-.0.ssserccrscscrssvcrsvrceeces 14,
Front femora not thickened.......+.+.+seeeeeeeeeeee flavirostris Loew.
14, Proboscis wholly black. ...-....seessseeecetcececeeeeeees ...-laetus Loew.
Proboscis yellow at base... .++++++eeeeeeeeeee reer eens impexus sp. nov.
15. Legs slender, femora subequal. ...----+-+-+eeeeeeeeeee Vicarius Walker.
Middle femora at least enlarged....-...+ se eeee cere cece eect eee e rene eeees 16.
16. Tibial spur wanting; posterior cross-vein nearly perpendicular .......... te
Spur of middle tibie present; cross-vein oblique-.-.-+-.+++sseeeeeeeeeee Oe
17. Abdomen wholly shining; thoracic bristles yellow...---+..+-++-+++++0+ 18.
Abdomen pollinose; some bristles black...-..-..+++++++++- Camus sp. noy.”
18. Mouth-opening very large... .--s.eee sees ee ence eee e en eeeee hiams sp. nov.
Mouth-opening normal......-..--+-ee sees tees e ere e eens IMOPS sp. noy.
19. Antennze wholly black.....- 1-2. esse eect eee eee eee cece eee e teen ee nnee 20.
Antenmes in part yellow... eccedece eee ne cece sere renee seers esse snes 25.
20. Tarsi strongly annulate. .........2eerere reece eee r eters ce nentetncseres 21.
Tarsi uniform or at most weakly annulate....--.-- see eee ee eee creer eee eae
21. Third antennal joint long, lanceolate ....-.-.+--++-+++++- -vequalis Loew.”
Third antennal joint short, oval......--+.+.+++++: trivialis Loew female.
22. Both third and fourth veins subparallel with axis of wings, abdomen not
pollinose.......-....- eM et OPA A Rear eee ENGR CGR ess oe: She. oe eusterdielotade enntelerenoohe
Either third or fourth sinuous, bending backwards; abdomen pollinose.
imcurvus sp. nov.’
23. Hind metatarsi yellow, at extreme tip dark ...-- 6+ -0 ee see erect e eens 24.
Hind metatarsi uniformly dusky.------++-+-+++++-+5: gravidus sp. nov’
24. Species 2 mm. long, wing 2mm., arista equal to antenna...hastatus sp. nov.
3 mm. long, wings 5 mm., arista longer than antenna. .-ealigatus sp. nov.
CMTE HOSEIS all ae Kecustoted ete oheistebedotetedas ete sensi cictehelcrerchasafelel'elsinilaleisieyels is ahehe(wlalsitaawieinvate 26.
Proboscis yellow ..- ++. ss see see cee e ere ete eee eee e eres tenellus sp. nov
26. Front end of pleura to the posterior side of the front coxze, also lateral mar-
gins of the metanotum, encroaching slightly on the pleura, opaque,
gray pruimose (Alaska)...-+..+2+++--+e+-eeeeee gilvipes Coquillett.
The smooth “plaga” much reduced im size. -.++- +--+ see sere ere ee eee eee ie
27. Sixth vein not obsolete at the base... .-.--- eee ee eee ee eee eet ete ete eee 28% #
Anal cell incomplete; tarsi annulate.-..---------- crassifemoris Fitch.“
28. Middle tarsi of the male black, the front tarsi whitish, of the female all the
GUC IEDM A LOM tovekelualeiavcraletyorcyoisr siecle =isie) s/'=/sickelne 15> discifer Loew.
MacsiMOTe UE itOrilsls is eel siiciers sieieie = cle elsle, © 2 =n) -1o.s\e)>) sie) =< lateralis Loew.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII.

AMERICAN DIPTERA.

JULY, 1902.

—

216 A. L. MELANDER.

Platypalpus trivialis Loew (Figs. 26, 34, 43).
Cent. v, 76.

Two males among a lot of Platypalpus taken by Dr. Garry de N.
Hough on June 12th at New Bedford, Mass., are presumably asso-
ciated with a large female taken at the same time. The female is
evidently the same form as was described by Dr. Loew as trivialis.
If these males are the other sex of trivialis, we have another case of
great sexual dimorphism.

Male.—Length 3.5 and 4.5 mm., wings same.. Middle and front femora black,
except apical fourth ; front femora ciliate, with long white hairs beneath ; front
coxe black, middle ones piceous, hind ones dusky; front tibize even larger than
in the female; scutellar bristles rather small in comparison with the size of the
species; humeri more conspicuous than usual; hypopygium not large, rounded,
with a small stiff fringe of yellow hairs on the left side; under side of second
basal cell strongly sinuous; first posterior cell quite wide in its third quarter;
costa thickened at insertion of first vein.

The male differs from pachyenemus Loew in being double the size.
Aside from the following points the description of pachyenemus will
answer for this species :

Antenne black ; posterior femora wholly yellow; anterior femora
strongly inerassate ; tibize wholly yellow; tarsi yellow, apex of each
joint sharply black, the amount of black increasing on the distal
joints; anal vein rather strong.

The front femora of the female of trivialis are not ciliate, the
other femora not blackened, and the second basal not strongly
sinuous.

D. C., Maine (O. Sacken).

Mr. Coquillett claims to have received this species from Santa Fé,
New Mexico, from Mr. Cockerell.

Platypalpus caligatus sp. noy. (Figs. 27, 35, 46).
The discovery of the male of trivialis shows that the insect men-
tioned in the Biologia Centrali- Americana as related to trivialis
must be a distinct form. The points of difference are:

Male.—Length 3 mm., wing 5 mm. Legs, including coxe, yellow, front
femora and tibise less thickened ; cilia of lower occiput, coxz and femora shorter
and fewer in number; tarsi not annulate; scutellar bristles black ; hypopygium
smaller and with a longer yellow fringe on left side; venation weaker, underside
of second basal straight; sides of first posterior cell less sinuous, anal angle less
prominent.

Female.—Size of body and of wings asin male. Tarsi not annuiate; thoracic
macrocheete black; anal angle rounded, third and fourth longitudinals less
sinuous.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 217

One male, three females; Omilteme and Amula in Guerrero,
Mexico. Alt. 6000-8000 feet. July, August, September.

The peculiar variation shown by one specimen may be mentioned
again. This individual, apparently the most mature, has the side
of the mesonotum and the pleurz luteous, a curious departure from
the usual black thorax. This specimen has also the base of the
third vein and the underside of the second basal cell very strong.

Platypalpus pachyecnemus Loew.
Cent. v, 77.

Black, shining, dorsum of thorax and scutellum opaque, with cinereous pollen.
Antenne fuscous, third joint short, ovate. Coxe light testaceous, darker basally,
femora piceous, apex of all and upper side of the posterior pair testaceous, ante-
rior and middle tibiw fuscous, anterior tibis incrassate, lighter at base and be-
neath, middle tibiz with a large spur, posterior tibiz yellowish, darker at tip;
middle tarsi black, posterior tarsi testaceous at base, darker at apex, front tarsi
darker at base than at apex. Third longitudinal vein incurved, converging with
fourth.

District of Columbia (Osten Sacken).
In the shorter diagnosis Dr. Loew mentions that the first basal
cell is the longer. This error is corrected in the main description.

Platypalpus monticola sp. nov. (Fig. 41).

Black, not shining, head and thorax covered with grayish white pollen. Face
and front broad, gray pollinose. Antenne black, third joint defective. Palpi
black, with gray hairs; proboscis black, two-thirds the height of the head. Tho-
‘racic bristles yellow; scutellum with two long, yellow, terminal bristles. Abdo-
men and hypopygium shining, black. Halteres reddish. Legs firm, but not
much thickened, front femora but little thicker than hind ones, middle femora a
little stronger, front tibie not incrassate, spur of middle tibiz moderately strong.
Whole of legs black, except the brownish knees. Wings cinereous-hyaline, veins
firm, fuseous, third and fourth parallel, nearly straight; second basal cell the
longer, its outer vein oblique; anal vein almost wholly gone.

Male and female. Length 1.5-2.5 mm.

Four specimens; Colorado and Cameron Pass, Colorado, July
31st; 11,800 feet.
The only species yet found with black tibize.

Platypalpus pluto sp. nov. (Fig. 39).

Black. Antenne black, third joint lanceolate, lengthened, arista equal to
length of the antenna. Face rather narrow, grayish; front moderately gray-
brown pollinose; occiput but little shining. Palpi and proboscis small, black.
Thorax moderately shining, gray-brown pollinose on dorsum and gray on pleura,
except usual smooth intercoxal space; its macrochzte black; scutellum with
two terminal bristles. Knob of halteres yellowish white, first joint of pedicel
infuscated. Abdomen shining; hypopygium shining, not large; last two seg-

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (28) JULY, 1902.

218 A. L. MELANDER.

ments of female abdomen not shining, with fuscous hairs, styles short. Coxe
black, front ones anteriorly and middle ones on outer surface with whitish hairs
and bristles; all femora black, except reddish at knees; middle femora moder-
ately thickened, front femora less, hind ones not at all; tibiee reddish, spur on
middle ones moderate; tarsi blackish, except dusky at extreme base. Wings
hyaline, with faint brownish tinge; veins strong, fuscous, anal vein usually obso-
lete at hase ; second basal cell the longer, its outer vein oblique, first posterior
cell broadest in the middle, converging towards ends. In the female there is
usually a coalescence for a greater or less distance of the costa and first longitu-
dinal. Length 2-2.25 mm.

Sixteen males and eleven females; San Diego Co., California,
March.

Seven specimens from Juliaetta, Idaho, appear to belong to this
species. The veins are weaker, the legs less strongly black, and the
palpi dusky. One female; Albion, Idado (J. M. Aldrich).

Platypalpus apicalis Loew.
Cent. v, 79.

Black, shining. Head less shining, face closely white pollinose. Antenne
black, the third joint short ovate, the base narrowly luteous. Proboseis black;
palpi whitish. Side margins of the thorax and the pleure very obsoletely white
pollinose, moderately shining. Abdomen shining. Legs, together with the
coxe, yellow, the last tarsal joint black, front and hind femora above marked
with an ovate black spot; front femora moderately thickened, middle femora a
little thicker than the front ones, with short black hairs below; the apical tooth
of the middle tibiz short. Wings hyaline, veins fuscous, toward the base yellow-
ish, the third and fourth longitudinal veins parallel; first basal cell equal to or a
little longer than the second ; the posterior basal cross-vein complete; sixth vein
abbreviated toward the base. Length 2.2 mm.

Pennsylvania. Common at Wood’s Holl, Mass.

Platypalpus diversipes Coquillett.
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol. ii, 1900, p. 422.

Black, palpi and halteres whitish, legs yellow, bases of coxee, upper side of the
front femora, broad apices of the other femora, of tibiz, and whole of tarsi, except
base of first joint, black; third joint of the antenne only slightly longer than
broad; front femora considerably thickened, about two-thirds as thick as the
middie ones; first and second basals subequal, veins yellowish brown. Length
1.5 mm.

Alaska (Kincaid).

Platypalpus inecultus Coquillett.
Proce. Nat. Mus. 1896, p. 439.

Black, shining, including the pleure. Front cox yellowish, others black ;
front and middle legs yellowish, upper and lower sides of femora blackish brown ;
tarsi and hind legs, except bases of tibiz, blackish brown; front femora slightly
thicker than the others, middle femora scarcely as thick as the hind ones; legs

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 219

destitute of long bristles or pile. Knob of halteres yellow. Veins brown; sec-
ond basal longer than first by three times the cross-vein at the end of the first.
2mm.

Southern California; Texas (Brues).

Platypalpus tersus Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 1896, p. 439.

Yellow, except eyes and arista black. Third antennal joint short, oval.
Front femora twice as thick as the hind ones, middle femora one-half thicker
than the front ones. Third and fourth veins parallel, second basal longer than
the first; sixth vein obsolete on basal fourth. Length 2-3 mm.

Georgia and North Carolina (Coquillett) ; Georgia and Louisiana
(Pilate).

Platypalpus impexus psp. noy.
Related to tersus Coq. and to latus Loew. The following are its
distinctive characters :

Head black, yellow-pollinose. Thorax not shining, closely covered with yel-
lowish tomentum. Proboscis yellow, infuscated apically. Pleurz closely yellow
tomentose; the usual clear space is rather small. Frout and middle femora sub-
equal, twice as thick as hind femora, middle femora with much reduced spines
and with yellowish hairs. Spurs of middle tibiz smaller than in the allied
forms; apex of each tarsal joint narrowly but distinctly black. The fourth vein
is slightly sinuous and bends back at the tip, so it there diverges slightly from the
third.

One female; Brookings, South Dakota. One female; Battle
Creek, Michigan.

Platypalpus lzetus Loew.
Cent. v, 81.

Yellow, shining, head cinereous; proboscis black; third joint of antennez and
tarsi piceous; spur of middle tibie rather large. Wings yellowish, veins yellow,
third vein straight, fourth vein lightly curved towards third; first basal cell a
little shorter than the second. Length 2.2 mm.

New Hampshire (Osten Sacken ).

PliatyaplIpus flavirostris Loew.
Cent. v, 80.

Yellow, reddish above, shining, head cinereous, proboscis yellow, last joint of
the antenne black, last joint of the tarsi fuscous, except at base; apical spur of
middle tibiz small. Veins pale yellow, third vein very slightly curved towards
the fourth ; basal cells equal, sixth vein not obsolete at base. Length 2.6 mm.

New Hampshire (Osten Sacken).

Platypalpus mesogrammius Loew.
Cent. iii, 38.

Yellow, shining. Antenne, palpi and proboscis, except tip, yellow. Head
black, A median thoracic yvitta rufescent. Scutellum, except lateral angles and

TRANS, AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. 5 JULY, 1902

220 A. L. MELANDER.

abdomen, black, shining. Wings hyaline, third and fourth longitudinal veins
parallel, straight. Length 1.6 mm.

New Jersey, Pennsylvania, District of Columbia, Tennessee.

Platypalpus vicarius Walker.
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., N. Ser., iv, p. 149.
“Black, shining; legs testaceous, slender, nearly equal in size; wings limpid,
veins testaceous, externo-medial veins very slightly curved.” Length 2 mm.

“United States.”

Platypalpus canus sp. nov. (Figs. 29, 40, 45).

Length 1.5-2 mm. Head black, bage of antennz, proboscis and palpi yellow;
third antennal joint short, more or less fuscous, arista black, equal to antenna;
proboscis a little shorter than head-height. Face narrow. Thoracic bristles
mostly black ; seutellum with two long bristles. Head, thorax and abdomen with
slaty pollen, pleure completely covered. Halteres pale yellow. Hypopygium
piceous, its outer parts freer than usual. Legs, including coxe, yellowish, tarsi
dusky apically, femora slightly thickened, front and middle subequal, hind
femora not thickened, front tibie incrassate, compressed, a little more slender than
the front femora, middle femora beneath with no setule, but with dusky sete,
middle tibize with no setule nor terminal spur. Wings clear, veins light fuscous,
anal angle not prominent, anal cell open, second and third veins nearly parallel,
posterior cross-vein nearly a continuation of the anterior.

Thirteen specimens; Los Angeles Co., California, December.

Platypalpus hians sp. nov. (Figs. 32, 36, 37).

Length 2-3 mm. _ Black, shining where tomentum is rubbed. Head, thorax
and pleurs with gray-green tomentum. Face moderately broad, gray pollinose.
Proboscis about one-half the head height; palpi short, whitish. Mouth-opening
large, asin the Ephydride. Antenne short, basal joint reddish yellow, apical
joint lanceolate, pointed, its arista equal to itself. Postocular and thoracic bris-
tles yellow; all on scutellum moderately long. Halteres reddish yellow. Abdo-
men black, with a greenish reflection, as in also the pleural plaga: Hypopygium
rounded. Legs, including front coxe, reddish; tarsi piceous from tip of first
joint, middle and hind coxe concolorous with pleure ; femora moderately thick-
ened, middle ones the most, black, setulee of middle femora prominent, middle
tibize two-thirds the length of femora, front tibie not incrassate. Wings clear,
anal angle moderately prominent, veins narrow, fuscous, lighter at base, third
and fourth subparallel, first and second basals equal, posterior cross-vein nearly
perpendicular to wing margin, anal cell faintly closed.

One male and three females; Colorado.

Platypalpus inops sp. nov.
Closely related to hians, but readily distinguished by the follow-
ing characters:
Face narrow, gray-white pollinose; front narrow. Palpi narrower, longer,

pinkish to reddish. Mouth-opening not large. Antenne black, plainly 3-jointed,
arista longer than antenna, third joint short, ovate, blunt. Legs lighter, of a

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 221

purer yellow color, tarsi generally markedly annulate; middle tibie with a
trace of an infuscation at tip. The middle tibize are nearly the length of the
femora. Scutellar bristles shorter, especially the lateral ones. Anal angle of
wing less prominent, anal vein stronger, and anal cross-vein more oblique. The
rest of the neuration is the same.

Seven specimens; Dubois (7200 feet altitude), and Hunter’s
Creek, Wyoming, September 6-10, 1895 (Wm. M. Wheeler) ;
Oxford, Idaho (J. M. Aldrich).

Platypalpus incurvus sp. nov. (Figs. 31, 33, 44).

Length 2-2.5 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen black. Proboscis short, black ;
palpi white to piceous. Antenne elongate, black, third joint lanceolate, arista its
equal. Face narrow, white to whitish. Vertex and thoracic dorsum with green-
brown dust merging to slaty below and on abdomen. Upper portion of occiput
with black bristles, lower with white ones; thorax with black bristles. Halteres
yellow. Basal half of each abdominal segment with a coating of slaty dust,
outer half shining. Hypopygium terminal or flexed to the right, smal] to mod-
erately large, with a fringe of yellow hairs on left side. Legs light yellow; tarsi
slightly dusky, a little darker at tip of each joint, sometimes almost annulate;
legs slender, front femora but little thickened, a little larger than front tibie,
which are enlarged and slightly compressed. Wings clear, nerves weak to brown;
second basal a little the longer, anal vein generally moderately strong, sometimes
the third vein is parallel with the costa, sometimes both the third and fourth are
reflexed at the tip, meeting the wing margin beyond the apex of the wing.

Twenty specimens, the males predominating; Los Angeles Co.
and San Diego Co., California, December and February.

It seems quite probable that this species is in a state of division.
As a general rule the smaller hypopygium, weak venation, straighter
third vein and light-colored palpi are correlated, but this is not uni-
versally true.

Platypalpus gravidus sp. nov. (Figs. 25, 42).

Black, except legs, wings and halteres. Face grayish, moderately narrow.
Palpi dusky red; proboscis a little shorter than head. Third antennal joint
lanceolate, in length equal to its arista. Thoracic bristles black. Abdomen
shining, with sparse whitish hairs; hypopygium not large. Pleure slaty, with
usual plaga. Legs yellow-testaceous, front cox more or less black at base, other
coxe varying from yellow to black; all the tarsi largely, evenly, dusky to pice-
ous; front femora moderately, middle more strongly, hind not, inerassate ; spur
of middle tibiz moderate, black at tip. Wings with browish tinge, veins fuscous,
strong; third vein straight, except extreme tip, first posterior cell a little wider
in the middle, narrower just before apex, second basal cell longer than the first,
its outer vein oblique, anal cell open behind. Average length 2.5 mm,

Sixteen males, thirty females; San Diego Co., California, Febru-
ary and March.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902.

222 A. L. MELANDER.

Platypalpus lateralis Loew.
Cent. v, 78.

Black, shining. Head subopaque, cinereous. Antenne black, third joint
short, lanceolate, yellow basally. Proboscis black, palpi black. Sides of thorax
and greater part of pleuree opaque white pollinose. Abdomen shining black.
Legs including cox yellow; tarsi annulate basally, fuscous or black apically,
apical spur of the middle tibiz small. Wings hyaline, veins fuscous, third and
fourth subparallel, basal cells equal, sixth vein whole. 2.5 mm.

New Hampshire (Osten Sacken).

; Platypalpus discifer Loew.
Cent. iii, 36.

Black, shining, dorsum of thorax, scutellum and metanotum with luteous pol-
len, occiput and pleurze with opaque white pollen. Antenne ochraceous, black
at tip. Yvalpi and legs yellow. Anterior tarsi of male white, and closely white
pubescent, middle tarsi of male black, first joint depressed; posterior tarsi of
male and all the tarsi of the female black apically. Wings subinfuscated, base -
of costa and first longitudinal lutescent, rest of veins strong, dark fuscous, third
and fourth veins convergent, anal cell complete. 2.6 mm.

District of Columbia (Osten Sacken).

Platypalpus hastatus sp. nov. (Fig. 30).

Black, head and thorax dusted with olive-green tomentum. Face narrow,
white dusted, the dust with a slight yellowish shade. Antenne piceous to black,
third joint broad, one and one-half times as long as deep, it height equalling the
length of the first joint, arista shorter than antenna. Palpi small, whitish in the
male, yellowish red or fuscous in the female. | Proboscis black, a little shorter
than height of head. Lower part of occiput and of pleure slaty-gray pollinose,
Scutellum with two long apical yellow bristles. Halteres whitish, broad. Abdo-
men black, shining, with sparse, short, light-colored hairs ; hypopygium shining,
flexed to the left, large; genital styles of the female fuscous; venter shining.
Legs including coxe yellow, tarsal joints slightly dusky apically; front coxee
with coating of white hairs anteriorly; femora not greatly thickened, middle
ones largest, hind femora not thickened ; spur of middle tibiz moderate. Wings
clear, veins light yellow, third and fourth longitudinals nearly straight, subpar-
allel, second basal cell the longer, its outer vein oblique, anal cell open behind,
sometimes wanting. 2-2.5 mm.

Four males and six females; Lawrence, Kansas. One female
from Craig’s Mountain, Idaho.

Platypalpus zsequalis Loew.
Cent. v, 75. ;

Black, shining. Dorsum of thorax with cinereous pollen, pleure largely
opaque white. Legs and coxe yellow, tarsi yellow. Antenne black, third joint
lanceolate. Palpi testaceous. Basal cells of wing equal, sixth vein not abbrevi-
ated at base, third vein very slightly incurved at apex, subparallel with the
fourth. 2.5 mm.

Illinois (Le Baron).

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 223

Specimens have been examined from Mass., Mich., Ill., Wise.,
La., Neb., Kans., So. Dak., Colo., Wyom., Idaho, N. Mex., Calif.,
Mexico.

Among these specimens, which doubtless are of a single form, the
variations are extreme. Sometimes the tarsi are pure yellow, more
often sharply annulate, though at times they are dusky. <A few of
the specimens from Wyoming have almost black feet. The legs
vary from reddish brown to almost white. At times the two basal
cells of the wings are equal, more often the second is the longer.
The sixth vein is more or less abbreviated at the base. The face
varies from white to red or fuscous, and varies also greatly in
breadth. The last antennal joint is generally lanceolate, but fre-
quently is short.

Platypalpus crassifemoris Fitch.
Oscinis crassifemoris Fitch, N. Y. Reports, vol. i (1856), p. 301.
Platypalpus debilis Loew, Cent. ili, 37 (1861).

Although Fitch’s description of Oscinis crassifemoris is very
meagre, Mr. Coquillett who had the type for examination places it
with Platypalpus debilis Loew.

The description of crassifemoris is given in full:

“The thick-legged Oscinis (O. crassifemoris) is the same size with the last (0.
coxendiz, which is 0.07 inch in length to the tip of the abdomen, and 0.10 to the
end of the wings), and is black, with a white head, and the thorax with a gray
reflection. The last joint of the antenne with its bristle is black. The legs are
pale yellow, the tips of the feet black. The veinlets are so near each other that
they are almost united. In the female the abdomen is egg shaped and polished,
its apex drawn out into a long, sharp-pointed ovipositor. The middle and ante-
rior thighs are rather short and thick, the hind ones longer and cylindrical.

The specimens referred to this species are variable in tarsal color-
ing, sometimes the tarsi are yellowish, with dusky tips and some-
times annulate. The antennze are sometimes black, in which ease
this species may readily be distinguished from c@qualis and hastatus
by the smaller tibial spur and the shape of the third anteunal joint.

Massachusetts (Hough), Michigan, Idaho (Aldrich).

Platypalpus tenellus sp. noy. (Figs. 28, 38).

Length 2-2.5 mm., length of wing same.—Black, head, dorsum of thorax and
pleuree covered with gray pollen, abdomen shining. Face silvery, rather nar-
row; sides of front parallel. Antenne yellow-red; third form cordiform,
pointed, sometimes blackish; arista longer than antenna. Palpi and proboscis
yellowish, the latter one-half of the head height. Thoracic bristles yellow,

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902.

224 A. L. MELANDER.

those of scutellum longer than usual. A clear space present on pleure in front
of the middle coxe. Abdomen of male cylindrical, a fringe on left side of hypo-
pygium consisting of white hairs. Legs including coxe yellow; middle and
front femora subequal; front tibiz a little thickened ; spurs of middle trochan-
ters and of middle tibiz black; tarsal joints sometimes faintly annulate; middle
femora with biack setule, and sparsely ciliate with yellow, middle tibie with
black setulae. Wings clear hyaline, veins pale yellow; third and fourth veins
parallel, straight; second basal cell a little longer than first, its outer vein
oblique; anal cell nearly obsolete; anal angle rounded.

One male and three females; Champaign Co., Illinois, and Brook-

ings, South Dakota.
Platypalpus gilvipes Coquillett.
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1900, p. 422.

Black, first two joints of the antenne, palpi, halteres, legs and coxe yellow,
last joint of the tarsi brown; third joint of the antenne about twice as long as
wide. Body polished, the front end of the pleure to the posterior side of the
front coxe, also the lateral margins of the metanotum, encroaching slightly on
the pleure, opaque gray pollinose. Wings hyaline, veins brown, the first and
second basals subequal. 2-3 mm.

Popof Is., Alaska (Kincaid).

TACHYDROMIA Meigen.

Rather small, slender flies, devoid of much pubescence, generally
black and with the wings more or less colored. Antenne short,
apparently two-jointed, the end joint with a long, outward-pointing
style. Proboscis at most as long as the head; palpi with the bris-
tles on the underside sometimes as long as the proboscis. Eyes of
both sexes subcontiguous below the antennz. Abdomen length-
ened. Legs rather long, fore coxe more or less lengthened, fore
femora with small spines below. Wings as in Platypalpus, except
that the anal cell is completely wanting, or only the anal cross vein
in part present.

Wines! without cross-bat dS» ejete jet /<1= clearer laleleielete leet elel tote tet eae tetete tee tee ere 2.
Wings with two broad dark cross-bandss =< <<<). «)elsieleeleraisisiereialelelelcieretete arenes 14.
9. ThOLAX FEAGISH o.ecieie store a eptstere aie, cw! Dtemele/oralere afore eee Baeis Walker.
Ehyorasxalol ae Keowetete) eetelerelsinteletetetatteratererciate Zisi(e (ols /evei(s'is/n_ eleleraltetsialshataleleishelomreneieeteneye ae
3) "Veins bordered withibrowmnishicsw as onetlereierseeieec een rine aero eee ae 4.
Veins mot; DOrd ered! seejc 7:5: 21s cre, ahoicpeieveratavaya,cesteregticnsletere (elena eRe eee rer aS 5.

4. Cross-veins bordered ; third antennal joint dark.......... inusta sp. vec aie
Antennee testaceous -- ---- 2-22 6-06 s scence nme cence Vittipennis Walker.
5 WINS UNICOLOTOUS shea tore ~ <[o loses in wlciareteretats/alel totale ists iat nie erect eee eee 6.
Outer part of wings more or less brown, clear at base..........+.eeeceees 10.
162 Hemoraiand antennas) wholly, black: cic. -1 <leio)aralstefeloteienierelsoieieererare cei reaniae We

Part of the femora more’ or less syello we cveseseiesteleta a aereeinieleretecistete toe iaiet 8.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 225

7. Tibize and knob of halteres yellow................-. portzecola Walker.

Tibissjandshal teres blacks. «cess scien. a5 soe - Winthemi Zetterstedt.
SMHLOMLPEINONAMAT ATE CWA 1a C kare ciate cele erelersrs)citeieisicrel's|oei'eyaltieveuelo,el se, siavece a 9.
Front femora wholly yellow...--.-.....s..-2.scseesseee postica Walker.
OMA ENE MUL nes aye ll Oly ate Peteletets sre iatatei) =) els Verel stalelertats] aXe leis) «lefeleiale fenestrata Say.
Middle and hind tibiz more or less black................ Similis Walker.
OMe xsnwh olllvalbal ae berets se tateteeter tars ele vaieiatay tere! eleleieles-ievereicleiete, «(oie Be cya sicuten ie tite
MHersemMorerorslessVellownetl=cac ssrsciseiei. saleisteisfowieye sye's< oun tstecisie- nee efeiee 12.

11. Wings with a black spot at last third of costal margin.
maculipennis Walker.

Wings infumated, except the whitish base.. ............ elavipes Loew.
SPAN A INCLOSS=V EM WAIGUING wlola)sielelelcla\lelaiclsia s)cla/e1s a\elslele sie ele <\o/oie.e pusilla Loew. ‘
ATA CLOSS=VCl MMP LESEM ta lereteketstelerctevere Yer jeuereioleharctstaratsierolaverstels)=\clrele) s) rel--istelelist stern) 2.
Sem lbGosmy el LOS fection otter treratsrbeyetorntenererelelcpsferchstaisie)<letey/ai< rostrata Loew.
Meesisomewhatidanicened stel-miestlsicteteicstelse-istartelsleveicisia/eye cele ei rapax Loew.
14. Marginal cell obliquely truncate; fifth vein ending in hind margin at the
base of the outer dark cross-band ............-. enecator sp. nov.“
Marginal cell narrowed to the tip; fifth vein recurved, ending in the clear
SDC Ciel elialetie teeta aca) vtistnpet’e ol evollal etisle tuyere ckereravetel seke Schwarzii Coquillett. v

“Tachydromia Schwarzii Coquillett (Fig. 52).
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 440.

‘Shining, black. Head opaque gray pollinose, the cheeks shining. Antenne
fuscous, the third joint short, conical, the apical arista bristle-like, four times as
long as the antenna. Legs dark brown, the bases of the tibize and of the tarsi,
and sometimes of the femora, yellowish. Knob of the halteres whitish. Wings
whitish, crossed by two broad brown bands, the first extending from the base of
the second vein to slightly beyond the posterior cross-vein, the second extending
from slightly beyond the apex of the fifth vein toa short distance beyond the
tip of the second vein, leaving the base of the wing, a cross-band just beyond the
middle and the tip of the wing whitish; anal cross-vein wanting, the other two
of an equal length, the distance between them subequal to that between the
small cross-vein and the base of the third vein, the second basal cell longer than
the first by twice the length of the cross-vein; distance between the tips of the
third and fourth veins equal to one-third of that between the second and third
veins; marginal cell about one-half as wide as the submarginal. 2.5 mm.

California, Utah, Idaho, Texas; Guerrero, Mexico.

This is not an uncommon species, as there are numerous specimens
in the collection.

The apex of the marginal cell is gradually narrowed by an even
curve of the second vein; the fifth vein terminates between the
middle and the outer edge of the central clear band.

The two males from Austin, Texas, differ from typical examples
of Sehwarzi in their coloration. The cross bands of the wings are
dark plumbeous instead of brown, and the lighter parts of the legs
are white instead of brownish. ‘These specimens were running over

TRANS, AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (29) JULY, 1902.

226 : A. L. MELANDER.

the sides of rather large stones at the bottom of a moist ravine in
the vicinity of Mount Barker, a habit which has been observed
among European species of this genus.

’ Tachydromia enecator sp. nov.

Female.—Head shining, black, occiput very sparsely pollinose, and with a few
stiff black hairs, cheeks large; proboscis and palpi black, palpi as long as the
proboscis and appressed to it, provided with short black hairs; antennez short,
black, the outer joint short, with the slender bristle-like arista more than four
times the length of the antenna. Thorax, pleure, scutellum and abdomen shin-
ing black. Legs shining, black, except the knees narrowly piceous, and the meta-
tarsi at the base piceous; middle and fore femora and tibiz on their inner edge
with evident short spinose hairs. Halteres black. Wings marked with brown as
in Schwarzii, but differing in venation: near the apex of the marginal cell the
second longitudinal vein turns sharply obliquely forward, and at the turn is pro-
vided with a short adventitious spur jutting into the submarginal cell. The
third vein is slightly reflexed at the tip so that the first posterior cell is slightly
broader at its apex than just before, the fifth vein has not so strong a bend near
its base as is the case in Schwarzii, and therefore terminates in the wing margin
within the dark cloud; anal cell completely wanting, the distance between the
two basal cross-veins longer than the strong basal section of the third vein; the
distance between the tips of the third and fourth veins equal to fully one-third
of that between the second and third veins (in Schwarzii it is somewhat more
than one-third).

Two females; St. John’s Co., Quebec (G. Chagnon); Lance
Creek, Wyoming (Wheeler).

Tachydromia Bacis Walker.

List of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, iii, p. 510.

“Body dark ferruginous; eyes dark red; lip tawny, as long as the head;
feelers black; first and second joints dark tawny; third joint broad, nearly
round; bristle very long, more than twice the length of all the preceding joints;
abdomen piceous above; legs tawny, clothed with short black bristles; hind legs
stout and long; wings colourless; wing-ribs ferruginous; veins piceous; poisers
tawny. Jength of the body 14 lines; of wing 3 lines.

“ Jamaica (Gosse).”

Tachydromia vittipennis Walker.
Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., N.S., iv, p. 149.
“ Black; antenne and legs testaceous; wings gray, darker along the borders of
the veins; halteres whitish. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wing 4 lines.

“U.8%

\ Tachydromia inusta sp. nov. (Figs. 50, 54).

Length 3-4 mm.—Black. Inner joint of antenne reddish yellow, outer fus-
cous, rounded ; style four times antenna. Palpi white, proboscis fuscous. Occi-
put cinereous-dusted, with a white beard below. Thorax finely and closely
dusted, cinereous on the humeri and pleure, and lightly bronzed on dorsum;

AMERICAN DIPTERA. Di

scutellum with two well-separated erect bristles; tegular cilia golden; halteres
light yellow. Abdomen depressed, cylindrical at tip in male, segments shining,
interspaces gray dusted; hypopygium shining, terminal, but little larger than
abdomen, its ventral fringe small, above with a projection bent to the right.
Coxe yellow; legs yellow, except following fuscous to black places: four anterior
femora on outer side, except central yellowish portion, hind femora on tip on
basal and apical thirds, four anterior tibiz on outer side, and tarsi gradually
towards tip; front femora much thickened, middle femora moderately, hind ones
not; inner side of tibia and metatarsi of front legs, and femora and tibiz of
middle legs provided with small black setule ; middle tibiz of male with a slight
depression before tip on underside. Wings not broad, grayish hyaline, veins
strong, piceous, lightly clouded on cross-veins; first posterior cell narrowed
towards tip, fourth vein ending just behind wing tip, anal cross-vein strong, a
portion of sixth vein beyond anal cross-vein present.

Seventeen males, nineteen females. The sexes taken in copula-
tion. Juliaetta, Moscow and Craig’s Mt., Idaho, May. Magdalena
Mts., N. Mexico, August.

Tachydromia portzcola Walker.
List Diptera, iii, p. 506.

“ Body black, dull; eyes piceous; feelers and mouth black, the latter tawny
towards the base; abdomen hairy at tip; legs tawny, thighs slightly piceous;
wings gray; wing-ribs and veins piceous; poisers dark tawny. Length of body
14 lines; of wing 3 lines.

‘“‘Hudson’s Bay (Barnston).”

VTachydromia Winthemii Zetterstedt.
Dipt. Scand., 1, p. 321.
Ins. Lap., 548.

Black. Antennz, palpi, halteres and legs concolorous, metatarsi flavescent ;
wings infuscated, third and fourth veins subparallel. Thorax above black,
opaque, humeri cinerascent, pleuree shining, black. Cox sometimes yellow
apically.

New Hampshire (Osten Sacken).

Tachydromia postica Walker (Fig. 53).
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., N.S., iv, p. 149.
“ Black; antennez, abdomen at the base beneath, and legs testaceous; hind
femora and hind tibiz piceous; wings cinereous, veins black, halteres whitish.
Length of body 14 lines; of wings 3 lines.

aU Ss"

Four specimens from Lawrence, Kansas, agree with this descrip-
tion, and may probably belong to Walker's species. They are thus
further characterized :

Dorsum of thorax and occiput lightly cinereous-dusted, pleurze

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902

228 A. L. MELANDER.

and abdomen shining. Third antennal joint elliptical. Proboscis
and palpi yellowish. Beard of lower occiput short, dirty white.
Thorax slender, pectus silvery. Scutellum with two well-separated
short bristles. Abdomen less shining than the pleura, shorter than
the thorax, flattened, hypopygium shining, thicker than abdomen at
base, much as in inusta, but with a dorsal fringe in addition to the
larger ventral one. Coxe yellowish, front tibiz piceous, front
femora relatively thicker than in inusta. The underside of the legs
is devoid of true setule, the front femora beneath pale ciliated.
Wings narrow, third vein straight, fourth slightly arching forwards,
the distance between the two greater than in inusta; veins fuscous,
not black; second basal cell longer than the first by the length of
the cross-vein; basal cells narrow, sixth vein wanting, anal cross-
vein present.

Mr. Coquillett determines as this species specimens received from
Prof. Cockerell and taken at Mesilla, New Mexico.

Tachydromia fenestrata Say.
Say, Jour. Acad. Phila., iii, p. 95.
Wiedemann, Aussereuropeische Zweifluegelige Insecten, ii, 12, I.

Black. Antenne yellow; palpi white, proboscis yellowish, thorax shining
black, in certain directions somewhat grayish. Scutellum with two bristles.
Pleuree jet black. Abdomen piceous, darker at apex. Wings brownish. Front
femora on inner side with a black line; front tibize and hind femora with a pice-
ous line on each side. 4 mm.

Middle States.

Tachydromia similis Walker.
List Dipt. Ins., iii, p. 506.

“ Body black, slightly shining; eyes and mouth piceous; feelers tawny, with
black tips; legs tawny; tips of feet black; fore thighs striped with black; mid-
dle shanks piceous; hind thighs and tips of hind shanks black; wings brown;
wing-ribs and veins piceous; poisers tawny. Length of the body 1% lines; of
wings 2 lines.

“‘ Ffudson’s Bay ( Barnston).”

Tachydromia maculipennis Walker.
List, ete., iii, 507.

‘‘ Body black, shining; eyes piceous; feelers and mouth black; legs piceous ;
wings nearly colourless, white at base, each with a large brown spot on fore border
at two-thirds the length from the base; wing-ribs and veins piceous, the latter
yellow towards the base. Length of body 1? lines; of wings 14 lines.

“ Hudson’s Bay (Barnston).”’

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 229

Tachydromia clavipes Loew.
Cent., v, 73.

Black, shining; legs including coxe largely black, apex of anterior tibix
strongly incrassate, wings beyond the whitish base dark, provided with a poste-
rior basal cross-vein. Antenne dark fuscous, proboscis black, palpi white.
Hypopygium with short black hairs above. 2.6 mm.

Illinois (Le Baron).

N Tachydromia pusilla Loew (Fig. 51).
Cent., v, 74.

Shining, black, proboscis and palpi concolorous, no white spot on the pleure ;
coxe yellow; anterior legs yellow, except the upper side of the femora and tibiz
and the whole of the tarsi; middle legs like front ones, except that the whole of
the tibiz is piceous, femora beneath with black setule; hind legs, except lute-
ous base of the femora, piceous. Wings cinereous, outer half of costal margin
infuseated, no posterior cross-vein. 2mm.

Illinois (Le Baron), Snow, Wheeler; Massachusetts (Hough).
Tachydromia rostrata Loew.
Cent., v, 72.

Black, antenne yellowish, palpi white, proboscis yellow, except tip. Thoracic
dorsum subopaque, pleure shining. Coxe yellow; legs yellow, posterior femora
and all the tibiew partly fuscous; middle tibie before apex slightly emarginate.
This emargination is not readily seen. Wings subfuscous, whitish basally, with
a posterior cross-vein. 3mm.

Hew Hampshire.

Tachydromia rapax Loew (Fig. 55).
Cent., v, 71.

Black; wings subfuscous, at base whitish, with a posterior cross-vein. Coxe
yellow, with a black spot, trochanters black beneath, anterior femora with an
apical dot on posterior side, united on under side to a basal] dot on the anterior
side; front tibie fuscous, apical third of posterior tibie dark; middle tibiz
excised before apex. 3 mm.

Illinois (Le Baron).
Specimens of this species are in the collection from Massachu-
setts, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Wyoming.

COLOBONEURA ¢gen. nov.

Thick set. Head globose, longer than wide, wider than deep;
eyes small, two-thirds the head height, inserted forwards and there
fore the occiput large; three ocelli present, the posterior two ap-
proximated ; occiput with stiff black bristles, longer on the upper
vertex and between the ocelli; front narrowed mid-way between the
ocelli and the antennz; eyes notched at the antenne ; distance from
the antennz to the bottom of the labrum equal to that from the

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902

230 A. L. MELANDER.

antennse to the ocelli; antenne directed outwards, short, plainly
three-jointed, the third joint not longer than deep, flat above, with
a dorso terminal, very slightly and finely pubescent arista, but little
longer than the antenna. Labrum prominent, convex, cheeks
prominent, straight below; proboscis stout, shining, folding back
between the front cox, shorter than the head height; palpi short
and broad, dise-shaped, hanging down, covered with black hairs
and provided with an apical bristle. Thorax stout, cut straight in
front, somewhat flattened above, densely black-bristly, a few longer
bristles present along the lateral edges of the dorsum, the inner pair
of short acrostichals distinct; dise of scutellum, metathorax and
abdomen not bristly, seutellum with four marginal bristles. Abdo-
men flattened, near the centre of the lateral margins of each of the
dorsal segments is a small black spot, probably the place of attach-
ment of vertical muscles ;* hypopygium small, terminal, ending in
a short curved ventral process. Legs stout, all the femora greatly
thickened, the hind ones reaching to the end of the abdomen; legs
covered with bristly hairs; femora beneath and hind femora above
near the tip with macrocheete, tibize on outer side with macrocheete ;
tarsi simple, the joints evenly decreasing in length, but not in thick-
ness, pulvilli large. Wings reaching to the end of the abdomen ;
costa evident and provided with fine dark hairs to beyond the tip
of the third vein; no indication of an anal cell; anal angle very
broadly rounded, rectangular.

‘ Coloboneura inusitata sp. nov. (Figs. 47, 48, 49).
Male.—Length 3.5 mm. Black, completely covered with silvery-gray pollen,
thinning out posteriorly on the abdomen. Antenne short, black. Proboscis
. shining, black ; palpi piceous, gray pollinose. A small, shining, yellowish, post-
humeral callosity present. Hypopygium dark piceous, with a few short, black,
stiff hairs on upper left side, which consists of a small convex plate, the under
right side more or less flattened and contorted. Coxe gray pollinose; femora
black, becoming fuscous at the knees, tibie# and tarsi fuscous, last joint piceous;
legs shining. Halteres short, whitish. Wings opalescent, first vein, second and
third on outer half of the wing, and fifth vein on inner half pale testaceous, re-
maining veins very faint or wanting altogether; costal bristles black, sharply
contrasting with the veins.

Two males; Wood’s Holl, Mass., July 13, 1899 (Wheeler) ; Lake
Worth, Florida (Mrs. Annie T. Slosson).

* These abdominal spots remind one of the analogous markings of Thelyphonus
and the similar ones of many Dolichopod genera, in which cases the spots are
indicative of the attachment of the musculature, as the upper spots are connected
with the lower by a series of vertical muscles.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 231

HEMERODROMIIN.
SYNAMPHOTERA Loew.

The genus Synamphotera, strictly speaking, has not yet been
taken in America. The species described by Dr. Loew, as refer-
able to his genus, has been placed in the genus Sciodromia by Mr.
Coquillett; but as it is not this form according to Dr. Loew’s own
statement it is here left as it was originally placed.

Synamphotera is partly characterized by having the third vein
furcate, the third antennal joint small and provided with a very
short style, from all of which the following species differs. As Dr.
Loew has stated, Synamphotera is intermediate between Hemerodro-
mia and Sciodromia, differing from the former by its slender legs
and from the latter in the short incurved proboscis.

Synamphotera bicolor Loew.
Cent., ili, 34.

Black. Front sparsely cinereo-pollinose. The first two joints of the antenne
pale yellowish, the third long, acuminate, black, its terminal seta concolorous,
shorter than the third joint. Proboscis somewhat incurved, yellowish; palpi
rather long, yellowish. Dorsum of the thorax blackish, faintly cinerascent, with
very sparse pollen ; the humeri reddish ; pleuree marked with reddish, sometimes
wholly reddish. Scutellar margin in some specimens reddish. Abdomen black.
Hypopygium of the male concolorous, swollen, reflexed, the upper lamelle

minute, oblong-ovate, yellow. Legs and coxe pale yellow, the very tip of the
tarsi darkened. Wings hyaline, the veins luteous, the third vein simple. 3 mm.

Alaska (Sahlberg).

The form described as Sciodromia mexicana does not conform
with the typical species of that genus, as the front femora are
greatly thickened, the eyes separated, the proboscis shorter than the
head, ete. In as much as a closely related form is in the coilection
it is advisable to construct a new genus for the reception of these
American species. This genus may be called Litanomyia.

LITANOMYIA gen. noy.

Small, yellow, slender species. Head flattened, the lower part
carried in front. Antenne moderate. Proboscis short, pointed
and subincurved. Eyes separated in both sexes, placed forward
on the head. Three ocelli present. Occiput with a row of bristles.
Thorax more or less cylindrical, shining, feebly pruinose, devoid of
acrostichal bristles, but with three dorsal bristles present on each
side; two scutellar bristles present. Abdomen slender, cylindrical,

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902.

232 A. L. MELANDER.

hypopygium somewhat swollen. Legs slender, front coxze length-
ened, as long as their tibie, front femora greatly thickened, as long
as or but little shorter than their cox, bristly and spinose beneath ;
no tibial spurs, hind tibiz explanate at the tip. Wings long and
slender, cuneiform, third vein simple, discal cell long, not acuminate
apically, emitting three simple veins to the wing margin, basal cells
elongate, the first basal a little longer than the second, second basal
and anal cells subequal, anal cross vein perpendicular to the wing
margin, anal vein evanescent, anal angle not developed.

Thorax rufous, with a median dark streak..........-. mexicana Wh. et M.
Thorax yellow, no median darker stripe.............-...- elongata sp. noy.

Litanomyia mexicana Wheeler et Melander.
Sciodromyia mexicana, Biol. Cent. Am., 1901, Dipt. Suppl., p. 376.

Female.—Head black, thorax red, abdomen fuscous, legs yellow. Eyes widety
separated on the front, narrowly on the face, rather small. Face silvery, front
grayish. Antenne short, first two joints yellow, third joint pointed, the termi-
nal seta less than twice the length of the antenna. Proboscis very short, yellow.
Thorax reddish, pollinose, with black macrochete, and with two abbreviated
black vittee in front. Halteres yellowish. Abdomen cylindrical, blunt. Legs
lengthened, slender, except the thickened anterior femora; posterior tibize with
a slight widening at extreme tip; anterior coxe elongate, yellow, remaining cox
reddish. Wings grayish hyaline, narrow, somewhat pointed, veins fuscous. 2 mm.

Guerrero, Mexico.

“ Litanomyia elongata sp. nov.

Quite similar to L. mexicana. It differs, however, by its lighter color and more
slender form. The thorax is decidedly narrowed in front, whereas in mexicana
it is rather square. The abdomen is fuscous in but a single specimen, all the
others have the abdomen yellow. There is sometimes a fuscous spot present on
the dorsum of the sixth abdominal segment. Moreover, the body is much less
pruinose, the hind tibiz lack the terminal swelling, there is no trace of the me-
dian thoracic dark stripe, the third antennal joint is rather smaller, the coxee are
concolorous with the legs, the wings are rounded at tip, and generally the costa
vaguely paralled with the hind margin. The sides of the face are parallel; in
mexicana the face is narrower centrally than above or below. The antenne vary
in color from wholly yellow to the third joint black. The thorax is sometimes
even lighter medially.

Sixteen specimens; Mass., Wis., S. Dak.
The Massachusetts specimens are slightly lighter in color than
the more western ones.

OREOTHALIA gen. nov.
Slender black species of the habitus of Clinocera. Head oval,
vertical; eyes widely separated, emarginate at the antenne, extend-

AMERICAN DIPTERA. Boao

ing to the oral margin, dividing the face from the cheeks; proboscis
very short, thick and flat; palpi small, broad; occiput with a row
of bristles; ocelli much reduced; antenne very short, two-jointed,
the outer joint small, oval, its terminal style nearly twice the length
of the antenna and slender, but thickened at the very base.
Thorax rounded, devoid of acrotichals, but with two lateral rows of
widely separated bristles; scutellum with two long slender bristles
and four minute marginal hairs. Abdomen slender, depressed in
the female, and compressed in the male; hypopygium small, termi-
nal but reflected and of less diameter than the abdomen; female
abdomen blunt and compressed at the tip. Legs very slender,
nowhere thickened, the front coxze twice as long as the others, and
two-thirds as long as their femora; front femora with short spines
below, on outer portion no tibial spurs; claws slender, long, empo-
dium well developed, longer than the pulvilli. Wings slender, the
third vein simple, discal cell rather long, emitting three simple veins
to the margin, the second posterior cell narrow at its base, second
basal and anal cells short, their outer boundary continuous, oblique,
the anal vein thin and short beyond the cross-vein, anal angle
poorly developed.
3 - ™ Oreothalia pelops sp. nov.

Length 4 mm, Wholly black, sparsely coated with fine, dull green pollen.
Occipital and thoracic bristles black, abdominal and pedal hairs pale. Halteres
black. Hypopygium twisted to the right, elongate, the central filament superior,
directed horizontally forward, lamelle small. Empodia and pulvilli white.

Wings infumated, stigmal spot faintly darker, veins dark brown, costal setul
very minute.

Numerous specimens of both sexes. Kendrick, Idaho (J. M.

Aldrich).
HEMERODROMIA Meigen.

Rather small, slender, lengthened species, of yellow, gray or black
color. Antennze with three joints, third oval, pointed, arista short,
terminal. Proboscis shorter than the head, curved slightly back-
wards. Eyes of both sexes not contiguous. Thorax lengthened.
Abdomen longer than the thorax, hypopygium larger than the
abdomen. Legs long and slender, the fore coxze much lengthened,
equalling or nearly equalling the thickened fore femora. Fore
femora and tibize usually with minute spines beneath. Wings long
and narrow, the third and fourth yeins forked, discal cell with two
veins, anal angle not well developed.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (30) JULY, 1902.

234 A. L. MELANDER.

The European precatoria Fallen and Walker’s albipes are inclu-
ded in the table as from North America on Walker’s authority.
The position of albipes was determined from a hint of Dr. Williston,
that it is associated with precatoria, and therefore belongs to the
group Mantipeza.

Anal and discal cells present...........-........-- (Mian tipeza Rondani) 10.
Diseal cell united with one of the other cells. ----.------+--++.-+-+--2+---0-- 2.
25 -Amallicelllitwamtinie eter rete etek rte lee tiere a iet-tt-s (Microdromia Bigot) 6.
AMA CellenTEse miter rt peretelettetsetelonakele te fern teen ete mac Vake te tenia heted ee teehee tale Se
3. Second basal emitting three veins.............. (Neoplasta Coquillett) 4.
Second basal with two veins, one forked...(Memerodromia Meigen) 5.
4. Filaments of hypopygium hidden.................... scapularis Loew. v
Filaments of hypopygium exposed...........- cesses mexicana sp. nov.
5. Thorax and abdomen red .........--- bslsiisietets Manes rere erates etel's defecta Loew.
Thorax and abdomen black.-.---...-.:...-......-.-.-- collusor sp. nov. /
6) Whoramapartliy red verre ca okeerevace lov sy strays my marco eaeeerepom mene teint einen eRe wee ere a
Thoraxswholliy: blacks cst... Vance caus hers teeter oereiete err sagerneaebentiets iar eae mets 9.
7. Femora with a spine-tipped tubercle at base beneath ............-..-..---8. 7
Femora with no such prominent tubercle..........-... empiformis Say.”
8 Th oraxavittate ser.acci-xecrschee Crore oye tera cee superstitiosa Say.
in onasc wit olliyared | rere te ie eae eee rogatoris Coquillett..~
9. Front femora longer than the coxe .................++«. defessa Williston.
Front femora shorter than the coxe.......... ..--+.- Captus Coquillett.
MOM abcde lhe oerncoosoeamooasodsnessapeorae catodaaanccodddcnunsxba6 litte
Wings with at least a brownish stigma ..........-.......--.-2.-seeeeees 12.
11. Body uniformly fulvous to black........................ albipes Walker.
Thorax reddish) inporeater parteseriar-ys lteter titer iit iter eater enn 14,
LOLS tommy bl aC Keererensretegata-toleuol iota le isiatcisterste tte ae tense tela et renee notata Loew.
Stigma EAU S CO US sso ie i912 tours cor sasins cw (ociov'a.ne ta nd asunpsai oyamangelee: uae nuh Roe EERE eT Te eee 13
13; eBodys ciNeCTEOUSte sere ier tetet trate eee ee eee valida Loew.
Body light yellow, thorax brownish.......-... .... preecatoria Fallen.
14. Thorax darker at the margins, scutellum dark........... obsoleta Loew.
Thorax lighter at the margins, scutellum light........ palloris Coquillett.

Hemerodromia scapularis Loew (Fig. 59).
Cent., ii, 54.

Black, shining, humeri either testaceous or fuscous, rarely black, abdomen of
male often nearly all black, sometimes the basal segments whitish ; abdomen of
the female white, black at apex, the ovipositor yellowish, its base and apex
broadly black. Antenne, proboscis, halteres and legs white. Wings hyaline,
no stigma, second vein short. 3 mm.

Maryland, Maine, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Wyoming.

The sixth vein is sometimes wanting.

This species was taken in company with Hemerodromia collusor.
Three males, ten females.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. Day

HMemerodromia mexicama sp. nov. (Figs. 56, 60).

Male,—Length 2.5mm. Head black, depressed. Face narrow, shining, white,
lower occiput thickly covered with white pile. Antenne and proboscis wholly
yellow; last antennal joint but little longer than basal part, cordate. Thorax
rather elongate, black, finely punctured; humeri testaceous, mesonotum a little
depressed. Abdomen as long as the thorax, piceous, sordid above; hypopygium
black, basal filament visible. Legs pale yellow; anterior femora a little thicker
than the others, slightly longer than their coxe; tarsi dusky towards tip; no
bristles present. Wings hyaline, as long as the body, hind border somewhat
more rounded than in scapularis ; veins fuscous, no stigma, tip of marginal cell
on a line with the end of the second basal, second basal united with the discal,
sending three veins to the margin, anal vein attenuated at base.

Very similar to scapularis Loew, but differs in its smaller size,
rather more robust form, exposed basal filaments of hypopygium,
more rounded wings, stronger patch of infraocular pile and less
depressed mesonotum.

One male from Orizaba, Mex., December, 1887.

Hemerodromia collusor sp. nov. (Figs. 57, 58, 64)

Length 3.5-4 mm.—Black, thorax covered with bronzed-gray pollen, abdomen
finely gray pruinose. Head depressed; vertex and occiput cinereous-dusted ;
face moderately narrow above, wider below, candid, with slight yellowish tinge.
Mouth opening large. Palpi whitish, proboscis reddish, its extreme tip black ;
proboscis directed backwards, a little longer than the antenne. Antenne red-
dish, short, thick, third joint ovate, pointed, its terminal arista black, thick,
short, less than one-half of the length of the third joint. Ground color of the
thorax and abdomen black, overlaid with bronzed dust on the notum and cine-
reous on the pleurz ; mesonotum depressed on the posterior half; scutellum with
two closely placed, moderately long, dusky bristles. Abdomen compressed, a
little longer than the thorax; hypopygium somewhat shining, erect, with dusky
bristles at tip, in height equal to three abdominal segments ; ovipositor somewhat
recurved, black dorsally, fulvous at base and ventrally. Legs yellowish; front
legs raptorial, coxee two-thirds the length of the femora, femora thickened, with
dusky bristles beneath, together with minute black setule, tibiz provided with
erect smal] hairs and an apical bristle; middle and hind legs slender, with no
bristles, sometimes the apical joints of the tarsi are dusky. MHalteres yellow.
Wings hyaline, veins yellow, marginal cell not stunted, third and fourth veins
forked, discal cell united with the second basal, sending out two veins to the
margin, anal cell complete.

Seven males and fifteen females ; taken at Dubois, Wyoming, and
Dinwiddie Creek, Wyoming, by Dr. Wheeler, at an altitude of
7200 feet, during the early part of September, 1895.

One female collected by Prof. C. F. Baker in Colorado.

Hemerodromia defecta Loew.

Cent., ii, 55.
Whitish, apex of the hypopygium and the last two joints of the tarsi subfus-

* TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902.

236 A. L. MELANDER.

cous. Wings hyaline, the first basal cell longer than the second, stigma obscure.
Antenne and proboscis white. 3 mm.

District of Columbia.
The described specimen is immature.

Hemerodromia superstitiosa Say.
Say, Complete Writings, i, 256.
Long’s Expedit., ii, Append., 376.
Wiedemann, Ausseur. Zweifl. Ins., ii, 11, I.

Whitish, thorax and abdomen with a broad black vitta; antenne, proboscis
and vertex white, lower part and back of head piceous. The vitta is lighter in
color medially. Scutellum with paler margin. On the abdomen the vitta may
be constricted to a row of spots. Wings hyaline. Halteres and legs white. 4mm.

Northwest Territory, not northwest Penn. (cf. Wiedemann).

Hemerodromia rogatoris Coquillett (Fig. 65).
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 392.

Head black; thorax, scutellum, metanotum, pleurze and sternum light red.
Abdomen in middle of dorsum brownish red, the seventh segment wholly light
yellow. Hypopygium large, projecting both above and below the abdomen, red-
dish brown. The large blunt tubercle near the base of the front femora bears on
its summit a stout spine directed obliquely forward. 4 mm.

North Carolina (Coquillett), Wisconsin, Wyoming (Wheeler). |

Of the specimens in the collection the hypopygium is black, with
an erect basal filament. No thoracic macrocheete are present. The
eyes are as in empiformis Say, widely separated above the antennz
and very narrowly in the middle below. A mutilated specimen
from Louisiana (Pilate) resembles these in the parts remaining. It
has, however, strong black bristles on the underside of the front

femora.
Hemerodromia empiformis Say.

Ochthera empiformis Say, Compl. Writ., ii, 85.
Hemerodromia vittata Loew, Cent., ii, 56.

My sp. innominata Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 440.
(?) Tachydromia oratoria Fallen, Empid., 13.

In regard to this species there is another entomological muddle,
the following solution of which seems the most practicable. The
species was described by Mr. Say as an Ochthera, but, as Dr. Loew
pointed out, it probably is a Tachydromine. It is put in Osten
Sacken’s catalogue in the genus Hemerodromia, as a synonym of
vittata Loew. In the Diptera of St. Vincent, Professor Williston
describes a Hemerodromia from that island, which he suggests is the
same as Say’s species, and probably the same as H. oratoria Fallen.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 237

As there are but a few specimens in the collection which can be
referred to Say’s empiformis, it would be premature to assert that all
four species are synonymous, although the specimens agree in all the
salient characters with each description.

For this reason there will be no change in the synonymy in the
present paper, and the species may still be known as empiformis Say.

Empiformis Say.--Body whitish; head cinereous, antennz whitish, ros-
trum pale; thorax dusky above; feet white, anterior thighs dilated, robust,
emarginate behind the inferior middle for the tip of the tibiw, and armed be-
neath with distant, equidistant, rather long sete, tibiz incurved at tip and mu-
cronate, armed beneath with approximate, short sete, intermediate and posterior
feet white, tips of the tarsi blackish ; abdomen deep black, immaculate. 2.5 mm.

Inhabits Ilinois; New York (vittata Lw.), St. Vincent (sp. in-
nominata Willist.), Pennsylvania.

Hemerodromia defessa Williston.
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 439, Pl. XIV, fig. 166.

Head and thorax shining, deep piceous or black, lower part of face and occipi-
tal orbits gray pollinose. Eyes broadly contiguous on face. Antenne light yel-
low, the third joint as long as the first two together. Bristles of thorax and scu-
tellum wholly inconspicuous. Abdomen opaque black, venter yellow. Legs
light yellow. Wings nearly hyaline, anterior cross-vein a little beyond the mid-
dle of the basal cells. Proboscis light yellow. 2-3 mm.

St. Vincent, West Indies.
Differs from captus Coquillett in the shining head and thorax.

Hemerodromia captus Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 391.

Head black, white pollinose. First antennal joint one-half the length of the
second, the third two and one-half times as long as the second, broadly oval, the
apical third styliform. Eyes widely separated (male). Thorax opaque gray
pollinose. Wings hyaline, second basal cell exceeding the first by about twice
the length of the cross-vein at the apex of the second.

New York (Coquillett).

Hemerodromia albipes Walker.
List Dipt. Ins., iii, p. 505.

“Body slender, hoary, with a slight tawny tinge ; eyes dark red, mouth tawny ;
feelers pale tawny; black towards tip; legs pale yellow; tips of feet piceous ;
wings colourless; wing ribs pale yellow; veins tawny, pale yellow towards base ;
poisers yellow. 3-4 mm.

“ Hudson Bay Territory (Barnston).”

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902.

238 A. L. MELANDER.

Hemerodromia notata Loew.
Cent., ii, 53.

Whitish, a median vitta of the fusco-testaceous thorax, the scutellum, metano-
tum and the abdomen black. Wings hyaline, discal cell oblong, quadrangular,
second posterior cell longer than its petiole; stigma rounded, black. Legs yel-
lowish, last tarsal joints black. 3 mm.

Illinois (Le Baron).

Hemerodromia valida Loew.
Cent., 1], 51.

Stout, cinereous; legs and halteres dark yellow. Discal cell of wings oblong,
quadrangular, second posterior cell much shorter than its pedicel, anal cell
obliquely truncate, stigma dilutely subfuscous. Dorsum with two narrow, rather
obscure vittee. Posterior tarsi apically fuscous. 4 mm.

Hudson Bay Territory.

Hemerodromia przeatoria Fallen.
Fallen, Empide, 10, 12, 34.
Meigen, System. Beschr., iii, 62, ete.

Pale yellow. Thoracic dorsum shining, brown, with a median rather broad,
grayish vitta. Antenne yellow, brown apically. Vertex and face silvery. Ab-
domen above with a broad (brown) stripe, emarginate at incisures. Tarsi hardly
darkened towards tip. Wings with brown veins. 4 mm.

Hudson’s Bay (fide Walker).

Hemerodromia obsoleta Loew.
Cent., ii, 52.

Whitish, subfuscous above, margin of thorax and metanotum black. Wings
hyaline. Discal cell oblong, quadrangular, second posterior cell a little shorter
than its petiole. Stigma very faint, sublutescent. Legs whitish, last two tarsal
joints black. 3.5 mm.

Illinois (Le Baron).

Hemerodromia palloris Coquillett.
Mantipeza palloris Coq., Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, 392.

Head black, face, cheeks and lower front yellow, white pollinose. Thorax red-
dish yellow, marked with two slightly darker vitte and with a whitish stripe
hetween them ; pleurse reddish yellow; scutellum light yellow; metanotum red-
dish brown. Abdomen yellow, with a median dorsal indistinct brownish vitta.
Legs, halteres, antenne, proboscis and palpi yellow. Wings hyaline. 4-5 mm.

New Hampshire.

ARDOPTERA Macquart.

Small, slender, almost bristleless flies. Head depressed, oval, the
lower part carried in front. Antenne ‘short, the third joint oval,
compressed, the terminal style very long. Proboscis short and
thick, directed forwards. Legs slender, long ; the fore coxze shorter

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 239

than the femora. Wings long and narrow, with numerous small
white spots in the following species; the second and third veins
undulating, the third vein forked, sometimes a cross-vein connects
the second vein with the anterior branch of the third vein; discal
cell long, emitting three veins to the wing margin; basal and anal
cells small, separately closed, the anal cell a little longer than the
second basal; anal angle poorly developed.

Ardoptera irrorata Fallen.
Fallen, Empid., 13, 17.
Meigen, Syst. Beschr., iii, 66, ete.

Black, legs ferruginous. Palpi small, white. Antennz black. Front black,
margined with glistening white. Thorax cylindrical, black, as long as the abdo-
men, with a median white irridescent vitta. Abdomen black. Halteres white.
Wings brown, with scattered white dots. 2.5 mm.

Europe and North America (Loew).

REDERIODES Coquillett.

Face bare, not separated from the cheeks by a groove; cheeks
two-thirds as broad as the eye height; proboscis nearly as long as
the height of the head, rigid, the labella not developed ; third joint
of the antenne oval, pointed at the apex, the apical style about as
long as the remainder of the antenna; no acrostichal bristles, scu-
tellum bearing bristly hairs in addition to the two marginal bris
tles; wings destitute of a brown stigmal spot, third vein forked, dis-
cal cell complete, sending two veins to the wing margin, of which
the upper vein is forked, hind cross-vein very oblique, vein at apex
of the anal cell nearly perpendicular, sixth vein not prolonged be-
yond apex of the anal cell; legs slender, destitute of bristles and of
long hairs, pulvilli and empodia well developed.

Reederiodes juncta Coquillett.
Bull. New York State Mus., 1901, No. 47, p. 586.

Black, the cox and femora yellow, tibiz and tarsi brown; head whitish prui-
nose, the front and upper part of the occiput grayish black; thorax opaque;
mesonotum grayish black pruinose, an elongated spot in front of the scutellum,
and the pleura whitish pruinose ; five pairs of dorso-central bristles; scutellum,
except its extreme base, gray pruinose, abdomen opaque, almost velvety; wings
grayish hyaline, unmarked. 2.5 mm.

New York (Needham).
The very poorly described Hemerodromia albipes Walker may
possibly be this species.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902.

240 A. L. MELANDER.

CLINOCERA Meigen.

Small, slender, almost glabrous species of gray, olivaceous, or
piceous color. Antenne three-jointed, short, the third joint oval,
with a short, outward-pointing bristle. Proboscis thick, short.
Eyes of both sexes separated, not or but little emarginate at the
antennee. Thorax elongate, abdomen long and narrow; hypopy-
gium small. Legs long and slender; fore coxze shorter than the
femora. Venation not uniform, the third vein always forked, some-
times a cross-vein present in the first submarginal cell; discal cell
sometimes pointed at the tip, sending three veins to the margin, if
two, then the first is forked near its base; anal angle not well
developed.

Mik’s division of Clinocera* into ten genera is not followed in
this paper, as the characters chosen by him from the European spe-
cies do not seem to be sufficiently correlated in the American forms
to justify the adoption of certain of his genera.

egsiineludinsithe) knees) blacks ajer-rereetaieieteletael a elpietelets nee esters restate aes ete tolistatol ete De
At least the knees red Gish), as ssn.c cin sce, ore ol © slovenep seu nie a nee oipce iain ofe-m esi) slaleqaneretasale ie
2. Discallcell very oblique apically sles olen «ciel l-leele stele afele aslo « eeterntearats 3

Discal cell moderately broad toward the tip ...-----.-+-se+-ee5 cee eee eens 5.

3. Second and third veins united by a cross-vein, wings spotted.

conjuncta Loew.
Second and third veins free, wings not spotted, anal vein wanting .....-..- 4,
4, Second submarginal cell short...-.-.-..-.s.cces+cesssr ens simplex Loew.
Second submarginal cell'‘long.............0.5.0..-002-0 .--lepida sp. nov.
Stigma obsolete, discal cell very long and narrow..dolicheretma sp. nov.
Stigma distinct, wings with well-developed spots, discal cell short.........- 6.

6. Kuob of the halteres reddish, second and third veins united by a cross-vein.
taos sp. nov.

ww

Halteres black, only two submarginal cells present...-.....-- leeta sp. nov.
7. Wings uniformly subfuscous, with no darker spots ...--.--ee+seee see eee ee 8.
Wings Cinereousyor hyaline er. 2 © ore ni 0fe) cielo! ofniololelalelo ie etateteten=tctetet-ietisloletet ster (statats 9.
8. Thoracic dorsum evenly opaque ..---.---.----..+---- fuscipennis Loew.

Thorax with three intervittal spaces shining, veins undulating.
lineata Loew.
9, Legs black, only the knees reddish, lower part of the face silvery pollinose.
binotata Loew.

Legs almost altogether testaceous, front black .......-....... atelier serene 10.
MO) Win gsi alime = = om y~ mile oracle soie'=) eoleln = olsielclnele) siele sicle ties maculipes Bigot.
Wings spotted with fuscous.......................-...-maculata Loew.

Clinocera simplex Loew.
Cent., ii, 49.
(?) Heliodromia longipes Walker, List., ete., iii, p. 504.
Olivaceo-cinereous, opaque. Head black, white pollinose, the frontal vitta and

Verhandl. d. k. k. zool. bot. Ges., Band xxxi, 1881, p. 320.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. eal

a large occipital spot greenish. Antenne black. Cheeks broad. Palpi black.
Thorax olivaceous, slightly grayish, scutellum, metanotum and pleure white-
pollinose. Abdomen grayish, with an olivaceous tinge, venter white-pollinose.
Hypopygium of the male reflexed, of the same color as the abdomen. Legs
slender, black, with short black pile, no apical hairs on the femora, empodium
equal to the pulvilli. Halteres piceous, the base paler. Wings cinereous,
the stigma obsolete, long, very pale, subfuscous, the first two veins fuscous, the
others black, costal setulze very small, the second longitudinal vein straight, the
second submarginal cell short, apex of the discal cell sharp, the second posterior
cell cuneiform, no sixth vein. Length 4.3 mm.

Hudson Bay Territory.

It is possible that Walker’s Heliodromia is Loew’s species. The
short description of longipes agrees very well with that of simplex,
but in the absence of specimens it would be premature to change
the synonymy.

Clinocera lepida sp. nov.

Length 3.5 mm.—Black, covered with dull dark olivaceous pollen on the upper
surface and on the legs, and with whitish but not silvery pollen elsewhere, i. ¢.,
on the lower part of the face, the cheeks, the pleure and the venter. Eyes
small, unemarginate, not dividing the large cheeks from the face. Proboscis
short, fleshy, black, palpi black. Antenne distinctly three-jointed, black, the
joints subequal, the third joint ovate, arista not longer than the antenna. Acro-
stichals not developed. Scutellum with only two bristles. Cox with a few
pale hairs apically. Legs slender, black, front femora a little thickened and with
a row of minute fine hairs beneath vanishing apically, sides of the femora deyoid
of long apical bristles, empodium prominent, golden yellow, larger than the
claws or the pulvilli. Halteres wholly black. Wings hyaline, lightly cinereous,
unspotted, rather broad, veins black, the third vein thickest, second submarginal
cell long; the base of the second submarginal cell, the base of the second poste-
rior, and the apex of the discal cell have almost the same angulation ; second
basal and anal cells of nearly equal extent apically, anal vein wanting; costal
setulee very minute.

One female; Juliaetta, Idaho (Prof. J. M. Aldrich).

This species agrees with Chamedipsia Mik, except for the lack
of the characteristic thoracic bristles. From Clinocera (sen. strict.)
it differs in that the larger cheeks are not constricted off from the
clypeus. Both of these characters received much stress from Mr.

Mik.
™ Clinocera dolicheretma sp. nov.

Length 4-5 mm.—Black, coated with olivaceous above and cinereous beneath.
Face wholly white dusted. Antenne very short, black, the joints minute, the
arista four times the length of the third joint. Clypeus reaching below the eye,
but distinctly separated from the cheeks. Palpi and proboscis black. Occipital
bristles dense, scattered over the vertex, the iower cilia prominent. No acro-
stichal nor intermediate dorso-central bristles; scutellum with two minute bris-

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (31) ° JULY, 1902.

242 A. L. MELANDER.

tles besides the two moderately large marginal ones. Mesonotum with traces of
two black vitte; pleure, pectus and coxe coated with white dust, coxal and
metapleural bunch of hairs yellow, prominent. Abdomen cinereous, olivaceous
brown above; hypopygium small, slender, completely reflexed, the terminal
heel robust. Legs slender, black, the femora black-spinose beneath apically, of
the male the front femora have the lower surface provided with pale cilia near
the base, no long bristles present; the male front tibie are provided with a
double row of hairs on the under surface, the front row short, spine-like, the hind
row consisting of fine and long hairs; pulvilli minute, empodium as long as the
claws. Wings long, slender, hyaline, with a faint infumation, the stigma faint,
narrow; veins black, the third vein strongest, the second submarginal cell long,
narrow ; discal cell yery long, not pointed, the first section of its anterior border
nearly two-thirds the length of the second section and twice as long as the vein
between the second basal and discal cells, the posterior border three times the
length of the outward continuation of that vein; anal and second basal cells
separately closed, of equal extent, anal vein evanescent.

Numerous specimens. Juliaetta, Idaho (Prof. J. A. Aldrich). -
This species apparently belongs to the division Rederia Mik.

Clinocera conjuncta Loew.
Wien. Ent. Monatschr., iv, 80.

Olivaceous, thorax with two black vitte, pleure and coxe white-pollinose,
legs wholly black. Wings fusco-maculate; an obsolete spot between the third
and fourth veins behind the cross-vein, a second ascending from the third vein
to the fusco-cinereous stigma, a third uniting the basal part of the anterior
branch of the third vein with the cross-vein which connects it with the second,
a fourth including the veins which close the small and apically very oblique discal
cell, a fifth present on the last segment of the fourth vein. Halteres dull yel-
lowish. 4.5 mm.

Washington, D. C. (Osten Sacken).

Clinocera taos sp. nov.

Length 3 mm.—Black, occiput and sides of the mesonotum closely dull dark
olivaceous pollinose. Face bare, narrow below the antenne, the lower part
white-pollinose, constricted from the small cheeks. Antennz short, the basal
joints short, the arista a little longer than the antenna. Proboscis and the palpi
black. Occiput and pleure olivaceous, becoming cinereous on the coxe, middle
of the mesonotum, scutellum, metanotum and abdomen. No acrostichals nor
intermediate bristles among the dorso-centrals; scutellum with only two bristles.
Legs slender, coxeze with short sparse golden-yellow hairs bunched together
apically; no long lateral apical femoral bristles; empodium, pulvilli and claws
subequal, minute. Knob of the halteres reddish. Wings moderate, infumated,
with three more or less interrupted darker cross-bands, the first including the
anterior cross-vein, another somewhat proximal to the posterior cross-vein, the
third passing through the abrupt base of the second submarginal cell; veins with
a feeble trace of undulation, the anterior branch of the third vein connected
with the second vein; discal cell moderately broad, the first section of its anterior
border one-half the length of the second section, the hind border one-third longer

.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 243

than the outward continuation of that vein; anal and second basal cells out-
wardly nearly flat, closed together, oblique, anal vein indistinct; no costal setule.

One female; Franconia, New Hampshire. This species belongs
to Mik’s resurrected genus Heliodromia Haliday.

Clinocera lecta sp. nov.

Length 3 mm.—Black, coated above with dull dark brown pollen becoming
cinereous on the face, lower occiput, pectus, pleur, cox, lateral spot of the meso-
notum, metanotum, abdomen, knob of the halteres, and the under side of the front
femora. Antenne short, black, the first two joints minute, arista subequal to
the antenna. Eyes large, separating the naked.face from the cheeks. Proboscis
and palpi black. Occipital bristles short, arranged in a semi-circular marginal
row. Mesonotum with two opaque black vitte, nowhere shining, no achro-
stichals, the dorsi-centrals without intermediate bristles; scutellum with only
two long hairs. Hypopygium recurved, the lower portion produced as a strong
heel. Legs slender, black, front femora of the male with minute bristles beneath,
and with asmall apical fringe of minute hairs on the front side; empodium
longer than the claws or pulvilli. Wings hyaline, with three faint spots, the first
round, centering about the anterior cross-vein, the second elliptical, passing
through the posterior cross-vein and extending from the marginal to the fourth
posterior cells, the third spot circular, centering about the base of the second sub-
marginal cell; stigma well-developed, elongate, elliptical ; the centers of the cells
purer hyaline than the margins; base of the second submarginal cell abrupt, and
with a short adventitious spur extending into the first submarginal in the males:
second posterior cell broad at the base ; discal cell moderately broad and rather
long, the first section of its anterior border one-fourth the length of the second
section and equal to the externo-anterior edge of the second basal cell; anal and
second basal cells closed together, their outward boundary oblique, anal vein
imperfect ; costal setulee inconspicuous, very minute. Halteres black.

Two males and one female; Kendrick and Lewiston, Idaho (Prof.
J. M. Aldrich).
This species belongs to Phwobalia Mik.

| Clinocera binotata Loew.
Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturw., 1876, p. 325.

Olivaceous, front and upper half of face black, lower half of face while-polli-
nose, dorsum of thorax with two narrow black vitte, abbreviated behind ; legs
black, apex of all the femora rufescent, anterior femora thicker towards the base,
and bearing a few longer hairs below; wings subcinerous, the anterior branch of
the third longitudinal vein lined with black near its base, also the adventitious
vein by which it is connected with the second longitudinal, and the posterior
cross-vein bordered with black. 3 mm.

New York (Osten Sacken),
Two females from Montreal, Quebec, belong to this species. The
two scutellar bristles are very long. -The face is constricted from

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902.

244 A. L. MELANDER.

the cheeks, but the elypeus extends below the eyes. The rufescence
at the knees is not conspicuously well marked. Halteres black.
Diseal cell blunt. This is a Clinocera in Mik’s sense.

Clinocera maculata Loew.
Wien. Ent. Monatschr. iv, 79.

Olivaceous, thorax obsoletely bilineate, pleuree and coxz white-pruinose, ven-
ter glaucous; femora and tibie testaceous, tarsi black. The anterior branch of
the third vein is marked with a fuscous spot at its base, ascending to the apex of
the second vein, and with another smaller spot at its apex. Halteres black.
3 mm.

Washington, D. C. (Osten Sacken).

Clinocera lineata Loew (Figs. 61, 62).
Cent., ii, 50.

Black, dusted with olivaceous green above, subopaque. Antenne black, very
short; cheeks moderate, together with the face white-pollinose; palpi black.
Two shining vitte on the thoracic dorsum, separated by a black line, and mar-
gined outwardly by a black vitta. Scutellum-.of the same color as the thorax ;
the lower half of the pleurz covered with white pollen. Abdomen somewhat
shining. Legs slender, almost bare, the base of the cox often, the knees, the
very apex of the tibiw and the last joint of the tarsi always fuscous; no setule
present at the apex of the femora; empodium minute, equal to the pulvilli;
claws minute. Halteres dark fuscous. Wings lightly infumated, the veins dark
brown, no costal setule ; the second longitudinal vein sends a cross-vein to the
costa of the wing before its end; the third longitudinal vein undulating, the an-
terior branch reaching forward more than in the other species ; a clear spot pres-
ent in the very apex of the discal cell. 2.3 mm.

Pennsylvania (Osten Sacken). Three specimens from Seattle,
Washington, notwithstanding their distant locality, I take to belong
to this species.

The postocular bristles are regularly arranged in an interrupted
semicircular row of about fifteen in number, and are not supplanted
by pale cilia beneath. The two outer vittz of the thorax bear the
dorsal bristles. The cross-vein in the marginal cell is wanting in
these western specimens, but its place is indicated by a sharp
upward bend of the second vein; but a trace of the anal vein
is left.

There is much greater resemblance between Clinocera appendicu-
lata Zetterstedt (European) and Clinecera (Rederia) dolicheretma
than between Clinocera binotata Loew and lineata Loew, yet the
former two are generally different, while the latter fall together
according to Mr. Mik’s arrangement.

Clinocera lineata is intermediate between the other species and

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 245

the genus Ardoptera, as is seen from its venation, but is more closely
related with the Clinoceras on account of the conformation of the
mouth and the shape of the head.

Clinocera fuscipennis Loew.
Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturw., 1876, p. 324.

Piceous, front and face concolorous, dorsum of thorax not vittate, legs fuscous,
wings wholly, uniformly subfuscous, stigma scarcely darker, costa free from
setulze, second submarginal cell narrower than the end of the first, last section
of the fourth vein exceeding by a little the length of the discal cell. 2.5 mm.

New Hampshire (Osten Sacken).

Clinocera maculipes Bigot.
Bull. de la Société Zool. de France, 1887. p. wy
Black; antenne, halteres and legs pale yellowish ; front black ; femora spotted
with pale fuscons on the underside near the tip; tarsi narrow, black apically ;
wings hyaline. 2 mm.

California.

HY BOTIN &.

HYBOS Fabricius.

Small, slender, almost glabrous species, of generally shining black
color. Antenne short, apparently two-jointed, the terminal bristle
long. Eyes bare, contiguous above in both sexes. Thorax promi-
nent, hunched ; abdomen long and slender, curved downward. Hind
femora long and thick, bristly beneath. Wings unspotted, varia-
ble in color; second vein straight, third vein simple; discal cell
longer than the second basal, rounded at tip; anal angle large,
rectangular.

In as much as Walker, Bellardi and Loew have each described a
different species of Hybos as dimidiatus, it may be well to revise
the names here to avoid further confusion. Therefore Walker’s spe-
cies * trom Brazil having priority may remain. Loew’s dimidiatust
originally described from Cuba may be called electus; while the
Mexican species of Bellardi { may hereafter be known as sequens.
Costa rounded, bearing strong spines -.--.---.------ spinicosta Wh. et Mel.
Costa straight. without spines ...--..--.-.e cece ee eee eet teeter t et ee ees 2.
2. Posterior femora strongly toothed beneath, much swollen; wings wholly

fuliginous (Brazil)...-Laetistomyia insolita gen. et sp. noy.
Posterior femora more Senden wings at least in part hyaline-....--..-.-- 3.

* Walker, Insecta Saundersiana, p. 205, 1856.
+ Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatschr., v, 36, 1861.
t Saggio Dipt. Mes., ii, 97, 1861.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902.

246 A. L. MELANDER.

35 dbexsiwihollysyelllow/tio-wc sei trois stra os tioraet ha reer ree sequems nom. nov.
Begsinipart darksbrowmn: to) black-misis ere nial rs cher ei ia eter acta 4.

4. Halterestyellow: .sccmsae cs socks ae Hoerge re Ree ne ene optre cera nena 5.
Flaiteres simmuscabed cine eae cee eee ee rere Eo Tange MM GO REDE tone Favloney oss Kaencvoenehe ae

65, Valais sbaliy, sail ra © ee rave re tee ted eee stete tele eae ge toy ete reenete isda ieee tt 6.
Wings gray, though hyaline at base.......- sie oyeiens .....reversus Walker.

Ch RES yolk DEO< 550 5Gs0ccsGsdccs Gon 500550 cons¢ typicus Wh. et Mel.
Tibiz and tarsi more or less yellow....-..-..--.-<-- slossonze Coquillett.

7. Stigmal spot noticeable .......-....... Fhe cas BWA opal etl Po PCat 1 Gatey SL unite chee 8.
Stismal spot obsoletee-c scree et -tacle et eens triplex Walker, varieties.

85 Wings completely, hyalimewerysryter ofl) erie ta kereoest erp etek eich eta ott aon 9.
Wings more or less infumated basally....-.--..--------.-+++++-0----0e: 10.

9b Pibiseiiblacleisewctvcns os eects eetie ve oe islaloa cies ..-mellipes Wh. et Mel.
Abies lVyOUSsySIZe sm alll Orme retslais ier ledetetetie tote efel eke tena eleetus var.
10, Thorax and abdomen with bluish reflections..........- electus nom. nov.
Thorax and abdomen black..............-.... tripley Walker, varieties.

Hybos typicus Wheeler et Melander.
Biol, Cent.-Am. Dipt. Suppl., 1901.

Black cinereous, slender. Antenne black, short; third joint oval, not longer
than the first. Eyes contiguous below antenne. Proboscis black. Thorax
prominent, black, shining through the coating of brown dust; pleure cinereous-
black. Halteres yellow. Abdomen slender, piceous, slightly pubescent, espe-
cially towards apex. Genital apparatus of male small, not giving the abdomen a
club-shape, with two projecting filaments. Legs slender, piceous, shining, with
scattered pubescence, knees lighter, front tarsi long, metatarsus equal to the
tibia, middle tibize with two long slender bristles on the external side at basal
fourth and half, and three on inner side at half, three-fourths and tip; hind
femora not much thickened, not evidently serrate beneath, besides the pubescence
a series of about six hairs beneath; hind tarsi not toothed beneath. Wings hya-
line, subquadrate, obtusely rounded at apex, anal angle not strong, veins yellow-
ish; third vein terminates beyond the middle, parallel with the fourth; stigmal
spot not well developed, not filling out the apex of the marginal cell; discal cell
broad; anal vein not evident. The fine hairs around the margin of the wing
are not so closely placed as usual. 4.5 mm.

The males have the front legs sparsely ciliate with long hairs;
the tibize on the posterior side and the metatarsi on both sides.
Guerrero, Mexico (H. H. Smith).

Hybos spinicosta Wheeler et Melander (Fig. 77).
Biol. Cent.-Am., 1901, Dipt. Suppl., p. 374.

Differing from typicus as follows :—Face narrower, dusted with silvery-white
instead of gray. Legs wholly pitchy-black; the tibial and tarsal bristles are
shorter and more numerous. The posterior legs and the abdomen are covered
with much shorter hairs ; the abdomen not shining, dusted. The hypopygium is
terminal and more enlarged. The wings are somewhat infuscated, broader and
with peculiar venation ; costa bent at tip of first vein, so that the anterior edge
of the wing is bowed outwardly, beset with spiny hooks from the junction of the
auxiliary vein, these hooks gradually becoming straight at about the middle of

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 247

the wing and passing insensibly into the usual fringe of hairs; stigmal spot very
broad ; second vein strongly curved in a double curve to accomodate itself to the
deep stigma, ending much nearer to the tip of the first vein than usual; third
vein straight, subparallel with the costa in the outer part of its length; discal
cell narrow, the cross-vein at its apex perpendicular to the penultimate section
of the fifth vein. The halteres seem to have been dark. 4.5 mm.

Guerrero, Mexico (H. H. Smith).

Hybos mellipes Wheeler et Melander (Fig. 78).

Biol. Cent.-Am., 1901, Dipt. Suppl. ¥ 373

Black, shining, moderately strongly yellow-pilose. The two parts of the an-
tennz are subequal in length, arista shorter than the eye-height. Eyes contigu-
ous below the antenne, leaving a small subantennal triangular space shining
black. Mesonotum shining black, moderately strongly pilose. Pleure black,
shining, not cinergscent. Pedicel of halteres black, knobs defective. Abdomen
shining black, robust, not unusually hairy. Legs except tarsi shining black,
strongly hairy; posterior femora incrassate, not strongly spinulose beneath ;
first two joints of tarsi yellow, remainder blackened. The hairs of the legs
are longer laterally, so as to give the legs, especially the tarsi, a ciliated appear-
ance when viewed from the front. Wings narrow, wholly hyaline, except for
the fuscous stigma which completely fills the outer third of the marginal cell ;
veins strong, discal cell narrow. 4mm.

Guerrero, Mexico (H. H. Smith).
Except for the usual postoculars the pile is yellowish.

Hybos electus nom. nov.

Hybos dimidiatus Loew (nec Bellardi nec Walker), Wien. Ent. Monatschr., v, 36.

Wholly black, very shining, thorax with a greenish, abdomen with a bluish
tinge. Pile of the whole body pale, of the abdomen whitish. Legs black, the
apex of the femora, the front and middle tibiz, and the first two joints of the
tarsi yellow, the remaining joints blackish. Some longer setee present near the
apices of the anterior and middle tibiz, and on the anterior metatarsi. Halteres
black. Basal half of the wings blackish, apical cinereo-hyaline, stigma very dis-
tinct, oblong, black. 3mm.

Cuba.

Three specimens from St. Vincent Island show variation in the
fuscous legs, hyaline wings and slightly smaller size, though they
retain the bluish body color of Loew’s typical dimidiatus.

From this variety two specimens from St. Vincent, four from
Tifton, Georgia, and two from New Bedford, Massachusetts, vary
in the blackish body color, but are similar to it in other respects.

The extension of this species to the United States is interesting.

Hybos slossonz Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 437.
Head, including the antenne, proboscis and palpi, black; face broad, whitish

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. JULY, 1902.

248 A. L. MELANDER.

pollinose ; proboscis slender, rigid, slightly longer than the height of the head
only slightly longer than the palpi. Thorax black, shining, lightly pollinose, the’
pile rather long, yellowish white; pleurz black, subshining, lightly pollinose,
no long pile in front of halteres; scutellum black, sabshining, bearing two long
yellowish apical bristles and several shorter ones. Abdomen black, shining, its
long pile yellowish white. Cox and femora black, apices of front and middle
femora yellow; front and middle tibiz yellow, the hind ones black; tarsi yellow,
underside of the first two joints of the hind tarsi beset with small black points,
sides of hind metatarsi destitute of long black spines. Knob of halteres yellow.
Wings hyaline, the stigma grayish brown. 3-4 mm.

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Wisconsin ; numerous specimens.

Hybos reversus Walker.
List Dipt. Ins., iii, p. 487.

Body black, shining; eyes dark bronze; feelers black; abdomen clothed with
long hoary hairs; legs yellow; hips, thighs and hind shanks black; tips of four
front thighs yellow; four front shanks tawny towards the base; hind feet and
tips of four front feet tawny; wings pale brown, darker along the borders of the
veins, colorless at the base; wing-ribs and poisers yellow; veins piceous, yellow
towards the base. 4mm.

Trenton Falls (Walker); Jamesburg, N. J. (C. W. Johnson).

Hybos triplex Walker (Figs. 79, 80, 81).
Hybos purpureus Walker, List Dipt. Ins., iii, p. 486.
Hybos duplex Walker, List., ete., p. 486.
Hypbos triplex Walker, List, etc., p. 486.
Hybos subjectus Walker, List, etc., p. 487.
Euhybos Coquillett, Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 437.

As this genus contains some of the most variable of flies, it is
not strange that with the limited material at his disposal Mr.
Walker should erect four species on what is now given as a single
form. The unusually rich collection of this species shows variations
in color to every degree; hence, even the Mexican varieties which
are to some extent distinct had better be dropped as varietal names.
In establishing these forms it was not the intention to erect mere
catalogue names, but to give convenience in handling the collections.

The name triplex is chosen, as it has been used more than the
others for this species. ;

The genus Euhybos Coquillett, established on Walker’s species,
has been rejected because its characters.are shared in varying part
by the Mexican species.

Head: occiput finely dusted, finely pubescent. Eyes brownish, contiguous

above and below the antenne. Antenne black, third joint oval to subulate,
blunt at the tip or gradually passing into the arista. Mouth parts inconspicuous.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 249

Thorax black, shining, with long or short, rather dense to moderate, white to
black, or mixed white and black hair. Pleurze glabrous. Scutellum with two
bristles.

Abdomen black, shining, except the hypopygium and the last two segments of
the female, with sparse or bushy whitish hairs, denser on the sides of the seg-
ments basally. Hypopygium with denser and shorter hairs, small; the valves
vary in length, the ventral process may be minute or in the lengthened hypo-
pygium elongate.

Legs wholly black, except the pulvilli, or more or less yellowish, with bristle-
like and ordinary, whitish to dusky hairs. Hind femora piceous to shining
black, variable in length and thickness, black-spinose below. Front and middle
legs slender. Hind tibize bowed, without bristles, piceous to black. Front and
middle tibiz piceous to black, with bristles. Knees sometimes yellowish. Meta-
tarsi often yellow. Tarsi variable in amount of yellow color, always dark at
the tip, with several Jong, slender bristles, except on the hind pair.

Wings almost clear hyaline to brown, except the apical third or less. Stigmal
spot brown or absent. Halteres fuscous. 2.5-5 mm.

This description of an insect which may well share with the bee-
tle Nodonta ( Colaspis) tristis, the distinction of being the most pro-
tean of insects, is drawn from an examination of over a hundred
specimens. These flies were collected throughout the eastern half
of North America. The localities represented are Massachusetts,
Pennsylvania, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Ohio,
Ontario, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Colorado, Texas,
Vera Cruz, Tabasco and Yucatan.

Hybos sequens nom. nov.
Hybos dimidiata Bellardi, Mem. della Reale Acad. delle Scienze di Torino, Ser. ii,
WOES 5 IE

Female.—Brownish black. Head moderate; antenne black; proboscis yel-
low; occiput black. Thorax strongly convex, brownish black, with dense and
short fuscous tomentum ; humeri pale; pleurse and pectus pale fuscous; scutel-
lum brownish black, concolorous with the thorax ; halteres pale at the base, sub-
fuscous apically. Abdomen brownish black, side margins pale; venter black,
pale at the sides; ovipositor long, acute, black. Legs honey-yellow, with black
spines ; posterior femora much thickened, long. Wings strongly fuscous at base,
apically subhyaline; first posterior cell much narrowed at the margin of the
wing; stigma elongate, fuscous, 5 mm.

Mexico (Salle).

Among the Empide to be worked over for the Biologia Centrali
Americana of Messrs. Godman and Salvin were two species, both
undescribed, taken in Chapada, Brazil. One of these, the subject
of this note, is a peculiar Hybotine, which can not be classed with
any of the known genera. This fly, though clearly belonging to

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (82) AUGUST, 1902.

250 A. L. MELANDER.

the subfamily Hybotinz, presents a habitus much different from
that of any of the other members of the group. Both in color and
structure it departs from its nearest relative Hybos Fabricius, from
which it may be distinguished by the uniformly brown wings, the
narrowed first posterior cell, the greatly thickened legs, the smaller
number of bris les, the stouter abdomen, the large hypopygium, ete.

From Scelobetes Philippi* this form may be separated by the
two-jointed antenne, longer anal cell, stouter abdomen, shorter and
stronger legs, ete.

From Harpamerus Bigot + (Ceylon) a close relative apparently ;
it is generically distinct, in that the spines of the underside of the
hind femora arise from the apices of strong tubercles instead of
being merely incrassate towards the base. The anal cell seems to
be longer, and the whole wing different.

LACTISTOMYITIA gen. nov.

Robust; thorax and abdomen densely covered with fine reddish
brown tomentum. Antenne very short, two-jointed, the outer joint
elongate-oval, slightly longer than the inner joint, with a slender
terminal bristle over four times the length of the antenna. Pro-
boscis slender, projecting forwards, two thirds the height of the
head. Palpi slender, parallel with and shorter than the proboscis.
Eyes bare, rufous, contiguous from the antenne to the three ocelli,
the upper half consisting of larger ommatidia than the lower.
Postocular bristles minute. Thorax globose, very prominent, with
no bristles, but with scattered, fine, reddish pubescence, longer at
the sides, and almost bristle-like at the margin of the scutellum.
Abdomen robust, cylindrical, deflexed at the tip, twice the length
of the thorax, with fine pale hairs along the sides of the segments,
longer than those of the thorax. Hypopygium large, deformed,
flexed to the right, consisting of a large, very convex, dorsal piece,
produced at the right distal corner, and with a marginal fringe of
small bristles, and a lengthened, transversely convex, ventral valve,
irregularly produced and twisted to the left of the upper projec-
tion; between the two arises the thin compressed, semi-translucent,
hastate penis. Legs short, robust, front and middle legs simple,
though stout, hind legs remarkably thickened, strongly tuberculate

* Verh. d. k. k. zool. bot. Ges., Band xv (1865), p. 751.
7 Revue et Mag. de, Zool., No. 7 (1859).

AMERICAN DIPTERA. Doi

and spiny below, and bristly above; hind tibie glabrous, bent at
proximal fourth and from thence uniformly curved, sharp on inner
edge, rounded on the outer, the side faces flat. Middle tibize on the
outer edge with three bristles; remaining hairs of the legs finer,
denser on the front and middle legs, though nowhere long. Wings
broad, rather pointed at the tip, anal angle prominent, rounded,
almost rectangular; veins strong; first posterior cell much nar-
rowed in the margin; discal cel] long and narrow; outer section of
the fifth vein equal to the posterior cross-vein ; outer section of the
sixth vein shorter than the anal cross-vein.

Lactistomyia insolita sp. nov. (Fig. 82).

Male.—Length 5.5 mm., length of wing 4.5 mm. Robust, piceous, with a
greenish tinge. Antenne piceous, exceedingly short, the arista a little shorter
than the eye height. Palpi and proboscis fuscous; proboscis one-fourth shorter
than the head. Eyes narrowly separated on the face. Thorax with golden pu_
bescence and brownish dust. Tegule and halteres infuscated, the former with
short yellow cilia. Abdomen dark olive green, pilose along the sides, twice the
. length of the thorax; hypopygium large, reflexed, concolorous, except the
lighter metallic, fuscous distal portion, its sutures fringed with hair, the left side
with a larger, inverted, the right side with a smaller, bowl-shaped piece. Legs
short, stout, fuscous, shining, especially the hind legs, metallic by certain, reflec-
tions; coxze concolorous with the legs; anterior and middle femora, tibize and
tarsi all of about the same length; posterior coxe globose, swollen on the inner
side; posterior femora not surpassing the abdomen in length, enormously thick-
ened, sparsely hairy, on inner side bounding a narrow, smooth, shining space,
with two rows of tubercles, about eleven in the anterior row and seyen in the
posterior, each tubercle provided with a stout spine; hind tibiz stout, one-
third less than the length of the femora, strongly incurved, without spines, but
with an external row of short hairs; hind tarsi short, one-half the length of
the others, the first joint one-third longer than the remainder of the tarsus.
Wings strongly infuscated, of the same general color of the rest of the insect, no
darker stigma; rather pointed ; veins strong, third and fourth longitudinal veins
convergent, ending symmetrically at the tip of the wing; discal cell narrow;
anal angle fully developed, anal vein strongest at the tip, though poorly marked.

A single male specimen. Chapada, Brazil. A very curious insect.

SYNECHES Walker.*
Small, generally brownish species. Antenne shorter than the
head, apparently two-jointed, terminal joint rounded with a long
end-bristle. Proboscis short, palpi rather long. Eyes bare, con-

* Almost the only note on the manner of feeding of American Empidide is
to be found in the Proceedings of the Washington Entomological Society, 1891,
p. 146. There Mr. Schwarz describes the feeding habits of a species of Syneches :

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902

ae A. L. MELANDER.

tiguous in both sexes. Thorax large, hunchbacked, abdomen long,
small at tip. Hind femora long, incrassate, with setulz beneath.
Wings generally spotted, second vein bowed towards the costa, third
vein simple, discal cell present, with two veins at its tip; anal cell
as long as the second basal, nearly truncate at its tip, anal angle
rectangular.

Wings unspotted, or marked with only one spot-.-.+-++++++-e essere cree ere ees 2.
Wings with a black spot beyond the apex of the first vein and another at the
apex of the second vein; marginal cell at tip of first vein twice as
wide as the submarginal cell at that point...-.-- pimples Walker.
Legs partly or wholly yellowish «..----s++seee sees ete e etree cece ree eteees 3.
Legs wholly black, thorax marked with a white pollinose humeral spot, and
with a similar one in front of the scutellum; stigma brownish.
albonotatus Loew.
Wings marked with a brown stigmal spot ----++ +++ +e este eee ee re ee renee 4.
Wings with a pale gray stigma! spot, femora wholly yellow.
hyalinus Coquillett.
Wings unspotted, knob of halteres and the entire body black.
pusillus Loew.
4, Marginal cell at apex of first vein twice as wide as the submarginal cell at the

w

ww

same point; knob of halteres whitish..........-.+.eeseeeseeereees 5.
Marginal cell not widened... .+- ++... eee cree tee eee teen eer e eee eee nree 6.
5. Thorax wholly yellowish -...--.-.0-...2.sceescewscciee sees rufus Loew.

Thorax marked with three black vittee, or wholly blackish.
thoracicus Say.
6. Knob of halteres black «...-- see eee ee see cece cee cence debilis Coquillett.
Knob of halteres brown...---.- quadrangularis Wheeler et Melander.

Syneches albonotatus Loew.
Cent., ii, 18.

Black, opaque, thorax marked with white pollinose shoulder-spots and one
before the scutellum. Abdomen with fuscous pollen. Legs black, shining, tarsi
piceous, black towards apex. Wings dark cinereous, veins black, stigma subob-
solete, pale fuscous, 3.5 mm.

District of Columbia (Osten Sacken). ;

Syneches hyalinus Coquiilett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 437.
Opaque, black, base of the abdomen yellowish; antennz and knob of halteres

“Turing daytime these flies rest on the under side of leaves, etc., in the shadiest
parts of the woods. Toward evening they fly about in the more open places and
capture minute Diptera. Holding their prey between the legs, and their body
being in a vertical position, they slowly fly toward the nearest bush, and, with-
out alighting, most dexterously manage to take hold of the edge of a leaf with
the claws of a front leg. Thus vertically suspended by a single leg, the fly uses
its five free legs for manipulating the gnat. Within ten seconds it has sucked
out its prey, then drops the same and flies away.”

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 205

yellowish brown; proboscis and legs yellow; coxe, trochanters and tips of tarsi
black; wings hyaline; stigma pale grayish; marginal cell at tip of first vein
nearly twice as wide as the submarginal cell at that point. 5 mm.

Maryland (Coquillett).

Syneches pusillus Loew.
Cent., i, 25.

Small, opaque, dark fuscous. Proboscis yellow. Antenne dark fuscous.
Abdomen black, opaque, posterior margins of the segments narrowly cinereous
pollinose. Legs pale yellow, varied with fuscous, in the lighter specimens the
basal half of all the femora, the apex of the posterior femora, a subapical ring on
the posterior tibie, a middle ring and the last joint of the posterior tarsi fuscous
in color; in the darker specimens these markings are more diffused and nearly
black. Halteres dark fuscous, the pedicel lighter. Wings cinerascent immaculate.

Illinois; New York: St. Vincent, W. I.; Wisconsin; Kansas ;

New Mexico.
Syneches debilis Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 436.

Antenne black, proboscis and palpi yellow. Thorax yellow, marked with
three vitte and a lateral spot of yellowish brown. Abdomen and knob of halteres
black. Legs yellow, the last tarsal joints, apices of hind femora, middle of hind
tibiee and of their first tarsal joints black. Wings grayish hyaline, stigma pale
smoky brown, marginal cell at tip of first vein not wider than the submarginal
cell at the same point. 3.5 mm.

District of Columbia; Maryland: Georgia.

Syneches quadrangularis Wheeler et Melander (Fig. 85).
Biol. Cent. Am., 1901, Dipt. Suppl., p. 374.

Fuscous. Antenne fuscous. Mouth parts yellowish. Mesonotum fuscous,
with faint indications of the lighter vitte, slightly tomentose. Halteres fuscous,
the pedicel lighter. Abdomen dark drown; hypopygium small. Legs, including
cox, yellow; of the hind pair the femora, tibize and metatarsi are apically
brown. Wings hyaline, with a single, well-limited, quadrate, dark brown stig-
mal spot at the apex of the first longitudinal vein; marginal cell not widened at
the stigma; third vein not rigidly straight, veins brown. 2.5 mm.

Tabasco, Mexico.

Syneches rufus Loew.
Cent., i, 24.

Rufous, opaque; antenne, proboscis, palpi, halteres and legs concolorous; the
posterior tibiz often and the anterior and posterior femora sometimes fuscous.
Color of the abdomen tending towards fuscous. Wings subhyaline, costal cell
lutescent, second longitudinal vein meets the costa obliquely ; beyond the end of
the first vein there is a black rounded spot. 4mm.

Illinois; New York: Ohio; Indiana; Wisconsin.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902.

254 A. L. MELANDER.

Syneches thoracicus Say (Fig. 84).
Hybos thoracicus Say, Compl. Writ., ii, p. 68.

Antenne and rostrum yellow, pale; thorax ferruginous, with three dilated
black lines; wings obscure, a dark red-brown stigma; feet reddish brown, the
posterior pair darker than the others, tarsi yellowish; abdomen dull piceous.
Rather more than one-fifth of an inch.

Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky,
Ohio, Illinois, Kansas.

Syneches simplex Walker (Fig. 86).
Insecta Saundersiana. Dipt., p. 165.

Body dark brown, clothed with black hairs; eyes red, meeting above; facets
large; mouth and feelers tawny; bristles of the feelers black; chest adorned
with tawny stripes which are nearly confluent; abdomen linear, rather flat,
black, longer and much narrower than the chest; tip dark tawny, shining; legs
tawny; thighs and fore shanks partly pitchy; wings pale gray, brownish on the
borders of the cross-veins and beneath the brand, which is dark brown; the wing
is yellow on each side of the latter, and there isa dark brown spot beyond it;
wing-ribs and veins brown; poisers large, tawny. 3mm.

“United States.’’
Massachusetts, North Carolina, Georgia, Ohio, Ontario, Michi-
gan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin.

SYNDYAS Loew.

Small black species, differing from Syneches and Hybos in that
the first section of the fourth vein is almost indistinct, and that the
origin of the second vein is still more distant from the base of the
wing.

Only the following species are known from North America.

Dorsum of abdomen opaque...--- +... see tree cee eee ee cee dorsalis Loew.
Abdomen bronzed’ black... =... 2..02- «ss cceessencen seen aren = polita Loew.
Syndyas dorsalis Loew.

Cent., i, 26.

Wholly black, shining, the back of the abdomen opaque, clothed with fuscous
tomentum. Thorax with very short hairs, abdomen with longer whitish hairs;
bristles of thorax and scutellum black. Legs black-pilose, posterior tibiz thick,
clavate, and posterior metatarsi strongly incrassate. Halteres black. Wings
hyaline, veins pale fuscous, second half of the costa blackish. 3.3 mm.

New York: Illinois.

Syndyas polita Loew (Fig. 83).
Cent., 1, 27.

Wholly black, shining. Dorsum of thorax with very short pile, abdomen with
longer, dirty white pile; thoracic and scutellar bristles black. Legs black-pilose,
posterior tibiz thick, moderately clavate, posterior metatarsi moderately incras-

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 255

sate. Wings hyaline, subcinerascent, the outer half of the marginal cell dis-
tinetly cinerascent, veins dark fuscous, apical part of the costa black. 3.3 mm.

Carolina: Massachusetts, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Kansas,

Ohio, Michigan.
MEGHYPERUS Loew.

Small black species. Antennz short, apparently two-jointed.
Bristle terminal, thickly pubescent. Proboscis very short. Eyes
bare, males holoptic, females broadly dichoptic. Thorax large.
Legs rather short, wholly glabrous, hind tibize somewhat broadened,
metatarsi of all the legs lengthened. Wings unspotted, third vein
simple, fourth vein forked ; discal cell present, with two apical veins.

Third antennal joint twice as long as broad ; abdomen shining.
nitidus sp. nov.
Third antennal joint but little longer than wide ; abdomen opaque, velvety black.
ocecidens Coquillett.

: Meghyperus occidens Coguillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 435.

Black, including antenne, proboscis, palpi, halteres and legs; third antennal
joint conical, slightly longer than wide, the arista two-thirds the length of the
third joint. Thorax lightly gray pollinose; seutellum with six black bristles.
Abdomen opaque velvet black; hypopygium small, porrect, slightly longer than
the seventh segment. Legs rather robust; upper side of the hind femora with a
fringe of white hairs, hind femora somewhat broader than any of the others,
hind tibiw greatly dilated; hind metatarsi nearly twice as thick as any of the
others. Wings hyaline, stigma und veins brown, anal cell nearly as long as the
second basal. 2-3 mm.

Southern California.

Meghyperus nitidus sp. nov. (Fig. 72, 73).

Length 2.5 mm.—Black over all, shining. Eyes of the male contiguous, of the
female widely distant. Vertex of the female shining. Antenne stout, third
joint triangular, twice as long as broad, its arista equal to the greatest width of
the joint, stout. Proboscis directed forward in the male specimen, downward in
the females, nearly as long as the head-height. Thorax with pale yellow bris-
tles, the acrostichals and dorsal rows distinct, scutellum with six pale bristles.
Thorax lightly dusted on pleure and coxe. Abdomen shining above and below,
with scattered pale hairs. Legs with short pale hairs, but with no bristles,
front femora moderately stout, the other femora less thickened; hind tibiz
gradually clavate, compressed ; metatarsi about equalling the next three joints,
not enlarged. Halteres black, pedicel slender, knob large. Wings clear hyaline,
nerves yellowish, an infumated stigmal spot present, anal cell equalling the
basals in length, anal angle rectangular.

Three specimens; Moscow, Idaho, June 17, 1895, Prof. J. M.
Aldrich collector.

The tips of the abdomen of all three specimens are eaten by para-
sites, therefore nothing can be stated about the sexual characters.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902.

256 A. L. MELANDER.

qEDALEA Meigen.

Small, slender, almost glabrous species of shining black color.
Antenne long, plainly three jointed, the first two joints short, the
third lengthened, with a short, rather stout, two-jointed arista.
Proboscis shorter than the head. Eyes of male contiguous, of
female separated. Thorax prominent; abdomen long and slen-
der; hypopygium small. Legs slender, except the thickened and
lengthened hind femora, which are spiny beneath; the hind tibiz
are bowed, shorter than the femora. Wings with simple third
vein; discal cell present, apically with three veins; anal cell (in
our species) truncate; anal angle well developed, rectangular.

Oedalea ohioensis sp. nov. (Figs. 74, 75, 76).

Male. Length 3 mm.—Body black, shining. Occiput shining black. Eyes
large, brownish red, facets small, eyes contiguous above antenne. Face shining
black, not broad, the sides parallel. Antennze broken beyond the first joint
which is piceous. Proboscis fusco-piceous, haustellate, equalling one-third the
eye height; palpi not visible in this specimen. Thorax large, very shining,
sparsely covered me short hairs, no bristles, except two small prealgr and
six piceous scutellar ones. Abdomen less shining, cylindrical, slender, a little
longer than the head and thorax together, sparsely covered with short dusky
hairs; hypopygium small, pointed, with a short thick dorsal process which is
bent to the right. Coxe, front and middle legs and hind femora pale testaceous,
the hind tibiz, except basal fourth, piceous; hind tarsi fuscous; front and mid-
dle legs plain, slender, hind femora thickened, reaching to the end of the abdo-
men, provided with a fringe of long pale hairs, beneath on the outer half with a
double row of small black teeth; hind tibie two-thirds the length of the femur,
at basal fourth geniculate. Halteres pale fuscous. Wings lightly infumated,
stigma dark, all the discoidal veins reaching the margin, veins strong, dark fus-
cous, except the vein between the two basals, anal cross-vein perpendicular to
the anal vein which is attenuate, but reaches the margin, anal cell shorter than
the second basal eell, anal angle well developed, rectangular.

A single male, collected at Vinton, Ohio, by Prof. James Hine in

the early part of June, 1900. This is the first reported occurrence
of this genus upon this continent.

EUTHYNEURA Macquart.

Small, sparsely hairy shining species. Antennz shorter than the
head, in our species apparently two-jointed, the outer joint sublance-
olate and with a very short arista. Proboscis in the American spe-
cies not longer than the head. Eyes of the male contiguous, of the
female separated. Thorax large. Legs rather long, the hind meta-
tarsi slightly thickened, hairs of legs short. Third longitudinal vein

Or

~]

AMERICAN DIPTERA. Z

of the wings simple; discal cell emitting three posterior veins; anal
vein (at least in our species) distinct beyond the anal cell.

Notwithstanding the fact that I have at hand no specimens of
Mr. Coquillett’s species, added to the superficial character of his de-
scriptions, yet, without great hesitation, I have placed his species in
this European genus.

Black, the legs largely yellow ....-.+-++.+sseee-2e0- flavipilosa Coquillett.
Yellow, a median vitta brown.-....---.--s++ses sees seeee erocata Coquillett.

Euthyneura flavipilosa Coquillett.
Microphorus flavipilosus Coq., Proce. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1900, p. 413.

Male.—Black, the hairs, stems of halteres, femora and tibize, yellow, knobs of
halteres and the tarsi brown; eyes of male contiguous, third joint of antenne
sublanceolate, only slightly tapering to the apex, over four times as long as the
style, proboscis noticeably shorter than height of head, mesonotum highly. pol-
ished, scutellum bearing about ten marginal bristles, abdomen slightly polished,
hairs of legs sparse and rather short, first joint of hind tarsi slightly thicker than
that of any of the others; wings hyaline, stigma smoky brown, veins yellowish
brown, last section of fifth vein one-fourth as long as the preceding section, sixth
vein reaching almost to the wing margin. 2mm.

British Columbia.

Euthyneura crocata Coquillett.
Microphorus crocatus Coq., Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1900, p. 413.

Female. Yellow, the head and its members, a median vitta on mesonotum,
dorsum of abdomen and apices of tarsi dark brown, third joint of antenne sub-
lanceolate, only slightly tapering to the apex, about twice as long as wide, five
times as long as the style; proboscis about as long as height of head; hairs of
body sparse and rather short, yellow; mesonotum polished, scutellum bearing
about eight bristles, abdomen polished ; hairs of legs very short, first joint of hind
tarsi slightly thicker than that of any of the other tarsi; wings hyaline, veins
yellowish brown, stigma almost obsolete, last section of fifth vein nearly half as
long as the preceding section, sixth vein ending a short distance from the wing
margin. 2mm.

Alaska.

LEPTOPEZA Macquart.

Rather small, almost glabrous species of shining black or reddish
color, with very slender abdomen. Antenne shorter than the head,
three jointed, the third joint elongate-oval, with a long terminal
bristle. Otherwise as in Ocydromia. There is indication of a vein
arising from the front of the discal cell and extending towards the
margin.

Bigcks- awl DES pae bia LO WIN) leierlssercials) «-lole]s) clelsiets olor's eins a flavipes Meigen.
Wings hyaline... .... 20. cee cece sce ee ccc c etre cre rete ee re et te esse ersenes 2

re

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (33) AUGUST, 1902.

258 A. L. MELANDER.

2. Posterior femora brown; antenne short; hypopygium open.
disparilis sp. nov.
Femora yellow; antenne longer; hypopygium comparatively closed.
compta Coquillett.

Leptopeza flavipes Meigen (Fig. 68).
Syst. Beschr., ii, 353.
Shining black, antennez piceous, palpi yellow. Legs yellow, with brown tarsi,
of the hind legs the coxe, tips of the femora and the tibiz brown; halteres yel-
low. Wings brownish. 4 mm. ,

Europe and North America.

One male; Dixie’s Landing, Virginia. The wings are tinged
with brown and the halteres are infuscated. The antennz are
much lengthened. The abdomen is piceous, with the apical mar-
gins of the segments black. The hypopygium is devoid of long
hairs and is closed, its parts not so distinetly visible.

Leptopeza disparilis sp. nov. (Fig. 69).

Male. Length 4.5 mm.—Shining black. Antenne black, a little shorter than
the arista, third joint elongate, conical; antennz one-fourth the head-height.
Palpi and proboscis blackish brown. Postocular bristles black, cilia whitish.
Thorax and abdomen with yellowish hairs and bristles. Hypopygium terminal,
its parts distinct, filaments exposed, curved on the right side, straight on the left
side, lower cleft shorter than the upper. Hind coxe brownish, fore and middle
coxe, femora and tibiz yellow, tarsi dusky froin first joint, posterior femora and
tibiz brown, the tibize and metatarsi swollen, middle tibiz with a series of three
(four) long bristles on the outer side. Halteres light yellow. Wings hyaline,
veins rather strong fuscous, no stigmal darkening.

Five males; California, Idaho.
This species is larger and more robust than the others.

Leptopeza compta Coquillett (Fig. 70).
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 435.

Head black, gray pollinose, eyes contiguous; antenne yellow, third joint elon-
gate oval, twice as long as broad, the arista black and nearly as long as the an-
tenna; proboscis and palpi yellow, proboscis less than one-third as long as the
height of the head. Thorax, pleure, scutellum and metanotum yellow. Abdo-
men blackish brown, the first segment, narrow lateral margins and front margin
of each segment yellow; venter yellow. Legs slender, light yellow, including
the coxee. Halteres light yellow. Wings grayish hyaline, stigma wanting. 4 mm.

New Hampshire, Massachusetts.

Numerous specimens of both sexes in the collection from Ohio,
Tennessee, Illinois, Wisconsin and Idaho. The color varies from
completely yellow, except the head and three basal spots on the
abdomen black, to completely black, except the venter, coxe and

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 259

legs rufous in the female, and venter, hind tibiz and tarsi black
also in the male. There is a complete gradation in specimens from
a single locality.

OCYDROMIA Meigen.

Rather small, slender, almost glabrous species of black or reddish
color. Antenne shorter than the head, three jointed, the third
joint oval, with an almost terminal, dorsal bristle. Proboscis short ;
palpi small, bare. Eyes glabrous, contiguous in the male, subcon-
tiguous in the female. Thorax prominent; abdomen lengthened,
femora and tibizw simple. Wings with a simple third vein; a discal
cell present, emitting two, and often a rudiment of a third, veins to
the wing margin. Anal cell shorter than the second basal. Anal
angle oblique, rounded.

Ocydromia glabricula Fallen (Figs. 66, 67).
Ocydromia glabricula Fallen, Empidide, 33, 42 (1816).
Ocydromia perigrinata Walk., List, ete., iti, 488.

This species, which offers about a half dozen color varieties in
Europe, is present in the United States as the following variety,
described from ten specimens collected in widely distant localities :

Very shining; black above, more or less reddish beiow. Mouth parts and an-
tennz black. Occiput less shining than the thoracic dorsum. Margin of the
scutellum, the humeri, pleure, cox and the ventrai incisures of the abdomen
more or less reddish. Legs yellowish red, more or less fuscous above, at the
apices of the tibiz and on the tarsi. Halteres fuscous. Wings hyaline, more or
less infumated. Veins fuscous, somewhat reddish at the base. Anal vein almost
reaching the wing margin, the cross-vein nearly perpendicular to it. Outer ante-
rior bend of the diseal cell with the fourth vein faint. Legs hairy, the hairs a
little denser on the inner apical third of the male hind tibizw; scutellum with
two apical bristles; dorsum of the thorax almost glabrous ; abdomen subglabrous ;
hypopygium black, small, with a few hairs. 5 mm.

Wisconsin, Wyoming, Vancouver Island. Ten specimens.

BRACHYSTOMA Meigen.

Almost glabrous species of brown-black color. Antenne three-
jointed, diverging. Proboscis shorter than the head, thick, vertical.
Eyes of both sexes separated, but approaching beneath the an-
tenn in the male. Thorax large; abdomen slender, lengthened,
in the male the genitalia are somewhat exposed, in the female the
abdomen ends in a large, semi-transparent, bladder like, peculiar
organ, in the lower side of which the ovipositor is enclosed. Wings

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902.

260 A. L. MELANDER.

with a forked third vein; discal cell present, emitting three veins to
the margin; anal cell longer than the second basal ; anal angle gone.

Antenne yellow, third joint brown; abdomen yellow, with dorsal dark spots.
robertsonii Coquillett.
Antenne piceous; abdomen dark fuscous...-..+-.+++- occidentalis sp. nov.

Brachystoma robertsonii Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 393.

Head black, gray pollinose; face naked, scarcely half as wide as the front ; an-
tenn yellow, the third joint, except at the base and style, brown; the third
joint lanceolate, scarcely twice as long as broad, twice as long as the second ;
style curved, one-third longer than the third joint; proboscis yellow, palpi whit-
ish. Thorax very shining black; pleura blackish, opaque light gray pollinose ;
metanotum and scutellum the same, the latter bearing two bristles. Abdomen
compressed, shining, yellowish, a large dorsal black spot on each segment ; hypo-
pygium large, ascending, each upper lamella produced at the outer angles into a
pair of long, erect, cylindrical, brown processes; middle lamellz very large, each
hearing at its tip a rather large curved process, in front of which is a smal] pilose
tubercle, while behind it is a smaller tubercle bearing a few long whitish bris-
tles; the inner side of each lamella bears a long, cylindrical, brown-tipped pro-
cess; filament slender, arcuate, proceeding from apex of the rather large lower
lamella. Legs including the cox yellow; front and hind femora slender, the
middle nearly twice as thick as the front ones, their upper side thickly beset with
very short black spines and with longer black bristles; inner side of middle
tibiee also thickly beset with very short black spines, Halteres yellow. Wings
nearly hyaline, stigma wanting, first basal cell slightly longer than the anal,
whieh is a trifle longer than the second basal. 4 mm,

Illinois, Tennessee, Ohio.

Brachystoma occidentalis sp. nov. (Fig. 89).

Male and Female. “Length 4 mm.—Head and thorax black, abdomen fuscous.
Face extremely narrow, gray (female), obliterated in the male; front moderately
narrow, black; vertex and occiput shining. Antenne equal to head, piceous,
third joint subequal to first one, arista white, equalling antenna, Palpi white,
proboseis yellow. Thorax shining, humeral callosity more or less fuscous; a pre-
alar but no scutellar long bristles; pleure a little dusted with gray ; halteres yel-
lowish. Abdomen twice as long as thorax, fusco-piceous; of the female com-
pressed in all the (dried) specimens, but the terminal segment greatly enlarged,
balloon-like. The enlargement is sometimes translucent yellow bronzed. Abdo-
men of the male yellowish at the base, black apically, the hypopygium small,
terminal, the apper lamelle small, elongate, slender, the outer extremity filiform,
the middle lamellwe moderate in size, the outer side excised, from the emargina-
tion of which arises a slender filiform appendage, the central filament slender, its
base moderately thickened, strongly arcuate, and suddenly recurved near the
tip. Legs slender, yellow, upper side of four posterior femora, all tibiee and tarsi
brownish ; no setule present. Wings uniformly lightly infumated, veins fuscous,
third vein forked, submarginal cell not closed, basal cells equal, anal cell a little
longer, its cross-vein curved, no anal angle.

Numerous specimens; Washington, Idaho (J. M. Aldrich).
’ oD

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 261

BLEPHAROPROCTA Loew.

Insects resembling Brachystoma in everything but the noninfla-
tion of the abdomen and the neuration of the wing. In this genus
the first submarginal cell is squarely cut off by a cross-vein connect-
ing the second and the third longitudinal veins.

The three basal cells BHIBAOM A ivieisrcrisia iri ole'«) viv islolela ria's +.« » \cis,0\ MaNera a (ofa oheaen torte 2.
MOCOUG PABA ANC LAD AIICOIISMLON pis > sielere siecle picataeis) > e106 «01s binummus Loew.
2. Base of anterior tarsi fuscous, of middle tarsi badius..... serratula Loew.

Antenionand middle tarsi DIACK «66-5. 200 cnc. se ccees nigrimana Loew.

Blepharoprocta nigrimana Loew.
Cent. ii, 17.

Head black, shining. Antenne black. Face very narrow, white-pollinose,
Proboscis pale yellow. Thorax black, shining, bare, the lower half of the pleure
white-pollinose. Scutellum and abdomen black; venter yellow. Hypopygium
subglobose, black, apically with some erect pile pale yellowish. Coxe and legs
slender, yellowish. Anterior femora below near the apex with small black
spines ; middle femora uot thicker than the others, pure yellow; posterior femora
fuscous, except the base and very.apex. Anterior tibiee increasing in yellow
color towards the apex, posterior fuscous, pale below near the apex. Anterior
tarsi black, posterior dark fuscous, black at tip. Wings cinerascent, narrow,
stigma obsolete, hairs of the hind margin not bent back; first submarginal cell
closed; the three basal cells subequal. 2.7 mm.

Illinois (Le Baron).

Blepharoprocta binummus Loew (Figs. 91, 92).
Cent. ii, 16.

Head black, shining. First two joints of the antennz pale yellowish, third
joint black, the terminal seta black. Face very narrow, white-pollinose. Pro-
boscis pale yellow. Thorax black, shining, bare, hind angles dark fuscous, lower
half of the pleure white-pollinose. Scutellum black; abdomen black, shining,
bare; venter yellowish; hypopygium globose, black, apically provided with a
bundle of pale yellow hairs. Coxe and legs slender, pale yellow. Anterior
femora below near the apex with very small black spines; middle femora a little
thicker than the others, curved, below near the base with rather sparse white
hairs, behind—before the apex—with very closely-placed hairs; hind femora
more slender on the outer half, infuseated. Anterior tibize simple, basal half of
the middle tibiz subfuscous, at the apex suddenly thickened and provided with
long pale yellowish hairs; posterior tibi#e curved, fuscous, the extreme apex
paler. The first three joints of the front tarsi decreasing in length, yellow, the
last two black, dilated, on both sides short black-pilose, each with a silvery dot
below, the outer one larger; of the middle tarsi the first three joints are yellow,
the last two black ; the hind tarsi have the last joint black, the next to the last
dark fuscous, and the others yellow. Halteres white. Wings long, narrow,
wedge-shaped, subcinerascent, stigma obsolete, posterior margin with long re-
flexed hairs in part; first submarginal cell closed; the two anterior basal cells
much shorter than the anal. 3 mm,

District of Columbia.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902

262 A. L. MELANDER.

Blepharoprocta serratula Loew (Fig. 90).
Cent. i, 23.

Female.—Head black, shining. Face very narrow, white-pollinose. Proboscis
yellow. Thorax and scutellum black, shining, pleuree sparsely white-pollinose.
Abdomen lengthened, cylindrical, dark dull yellow, base and apex darker; ven-
ter luteous; last abdominal segment whole, not inflated, the upper and lower
parts connate, the posterior margin provided with numerous white hairs. Coxe
and legs pale yellow, an anterior spot on the posterior femora, and almost the
whole of the hind tarsi badious, last two joints of the tarsi piceous, the preceding
joints of the anterior tarsi fuscous, of the middle badious ; posterior femora un-
armed, front femora near the tip below with very small spines. Halteres yellow.
Wings very narrow towards the base, yellowish cinerascent, veins strong, yellow-
ish fuscous; first submarginal cell closed. 3.3 mm.

Georgia (Gerhard).

EMPIDIN &.
HILARA Meigen.

Rather large to small species of gray, black, or rarely reddish
color. Antennze as long as the head or longer, three-jointed, the
third joint fusiform, compressed, with a two-jointed arista. Pro-
boscis not longer than the head. Eyes of both sexes separated.
Humeri prominent. Legs bare or bristly, the front metatarsi of the
male nearly always much thickened. Wings with a forked third
vein, the upper branch of which is not perpendicular to the re-
mainder; discal cell with three veins issuing from its apex; anal
cell shorter than the second basal, both bounded by a eross vein
almost parallel with the hind margin ; anal angle prominent.

The following artificial key contains all the species from North
America, with the exception of Walker’s three. In the collection
are representatives of about a half dozen other species, but as most
of them are species of poor characterization, it was deemed best to
await more material.

MHOTAX QTECM. «-.5 2 eee cence ewes ces oe vec cmsine eserves Viridis Coquillett.
Thorax reddish yellow .------see sree cece cece eee eee ect ee te ee te eee eeeeee em)
Thorax black OF STAY. «+ -0 000 .- ccc ece es eee e ence este ene nen teense eames 33

2. Tarsi wholly brown, pile on inner side of middle tibiz long.
testacea Loew.”
Tarsi brown only at apex, elsewhere yellow, pile of inner side of middle

tibize short wile: nities Eebaip] aiinieinl'ele (oe aileiiaieliet« tereite talc tee telat teil teie lutea Loew.”

3. Front femora thickened ; stigma weak...--..-.....+--- femorata Loew.
Front femora, not thickened’: oir cicmie eine ole oie lene ies pe ie eee 4,
4. Thorax posteriorly with golden pubescence.-.-.-.----- aurata Coquillett.
Thorax OFNEEWISE=-<.2/c< = c.sisvatssieyo ny wuss relies ielone Rede stepeneer pe fet ere aetna eet eens 5.

5. Antenmes red disht ati base cele) steisleletelaiatetertetecte feel aiatatsietatete umbrosa Loew.”

Mmtbermmee ble Koc sots:e la)losietereitore\'ate ornate relied oy elepster Youle) tote tour eae tetet fe teraetet tape 6.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 263

GAibdomentyelllowishtaii baseiac cyte les cretels 1c iole) sic) crc iaveivielot ole oe basalis Loew.
NOC OMEMMAMICO]ONGUSH Car Keesteret Varerercteycteli-levele cise ole e cls ls ava le ere lelwratetene le aie nis tone ie
RAE SOLAINaWO DSO Ste revere raperctoyetiareterstelentucvexet«iisieke)c ois ait, ayavsia|sy'd susters eteratens Risearetencbte 8.
SUF Bea nl CASE ISL SCOLS 0 nets tatonay~es) =) leh ehcieisis) ois als Yolscsyeus sreteier eee Gidinaie ered Guster ee re 12.
Se SSeUISCOUSHLO OAC ketayeh oleic siotota ts: sve rere seis) Weve tay Mot ere o7e, o'er ayeicieel aedeleva ne, syelaale 9.
eo sapale teeters aerereisieryetsis etersietossiclore ie Water eloue ral aefetre Cie erase No federe slakectara Slevanehe Tl,
OM Oraxyd Vibha tel rera onbbeteuae «iehee/ei-creiele er «rai siepere.siche are quadrivittata Meigen.
MN Grae VUlbMUG ere ‘terevete ote eveis seb ersic lei cl arene eon ays) See bic: Ss ces Wane Sie ave end iees 10.
10. Thoracic hairs blackish ; halteres whitish ; veins male. -leucoptera Loew.
Thoracic hairs pale; halteres infuscated ; veins dark........ bella sp. noy.
EA COMM ENNO PACE ceretenstareratetoketal Vaya oysteers ele! ae] s) olelcbefete ls macroptera Loew.
PANO GO TRV ay S LNA TA Aaa Tales oieliot fete ot =te atict fal ef -y-re)e/ rs congregaria sp. nov.»
12. Front metatarsi not thickened ; antenne at least three times as long as the
head, its style twisted ....... PexetMeisialehetevee al johnsoni Coquillett..~
Male front metatarsi somewhat ‘thickened; antenne shorter, the style
SNeah Oo eee No metek eedeyan hove tans eetelepatezode cc efarols Vets coll acs sicien st epalese cer clove ronnie tats «cane 13.
Sopp braun Ceara roterabete rs siete eich deteetateks oie1tevorcr otsisistave valone Gicresessiesecsiere suishereisus-steyepaysrode 14,
EA IRCES ba CEOUS Retetetetereraicsi= ier taliaeleleek-Solersiclere) at cre le sie syaiioreralesiakeh suctetsucuswterehccita ORs
Laken ees more omlessyellowisiete «+ c)55 261s <o/e e viele ocisie site eiaapelsie sects eeeiene = 15.
SMES I DIAC Kia sierssslensicierentic aietnie.s eusist is m aveaatatellel enais bie) Sieve vay elie cistevclests sasleve secieveusts 18,
PAN Sao aC EIS letersi crouentiereie att ohei tic feteleiel sts ste/a: s 'eloveietecosiciel ote claib tel tristis Loew. Vv
WOT SUC IIE NGOS eicesichercicrelchekvevehcaeie ofacierslaxcie tor clictelts Pajcietayecsletors) eters horonceere: enetctd > 16.
1Gaeknobion halteres Dlack-scteitecs <> eisielscis «/sesels oes ese se 6) mutabilis Loew.
RNG bio Hm WbeLes MUSCOUS sree ielere mosteveisie/ets a casters ierexe sere. 6 eye mpeRetelenert siekeaaieneacnciere ie
fees TO TAR VA LDR He siecsisialvicl Avelcie-c) ome cosh crates sceciese cide o 61 Privette Loew.\
TRHOTAX CVIGTACS s.0.06icc'6 see a= cs Feavravlahatetn ts) aie (onielevevecele orokarereiete nugaxX sp. nov.v
18) Thorax yittate =... . ByeWolelicratelavorcssievs,eiaystefonsiteire isis ce.2/s cayctcieliornts ie) ots taTevaues cia) shee akan 19.
PIBINO TAKE Wil GEE) tereretreleie tava cln cus) chs\elis, eictsvavsl sls isneis'© levevcl me eravays evclatee varios cehellel sate 20.
19. Pile of abdomen yellow ..-....--..-...-se esse eeeeeeeeee cana Coquillett.
Bale ron abd Omens DlaCK (6 j-ike wiole)sloles= elm [alot =clels oi os + 01s baculifer sp. nov.:
A PANS OLAS TO TI AG UC = etict el ley otto ala fale) eVolTel all fata lar=ietelofeiales sicie/ alee) unicolor Loew.
PDC GMA TIES OMLE WY MAL SE UI Pe efollett =) cial eciaye iter sT ale ainielels «(ac lola e/elererele aje!e) +i-iere aN.
LEMANS ROLUTS Koy mare taterer aetctevem Ke tal aret sie tie ao ie fotetey a isielavel f= eiislsie <1 velutina Loew.
WATE SPSUE IME TEOUS sins soc ercloreleisiata cise! sraleapevele ciel sleveersi sie ctelalerc oie sre sain ete 29.
Ome AULA LAKHS HUTA etek al scetatohevey obo iesele. «1-1: (eret-/alstaVeheta’ aie diallers ie) eleicis ee slerer=rs atra Loew.
Thorax velutinous .-.....--.--.-..+---eee eee seees earbonaria sp. nov.
Seed OMEN Ea tHOASE MUSCOUS take ital elellelelelei iets =) is) = lekelotel eel /e)els ....- bDasalis Loew.
MSAOMTE NE WO liliyal lla GKs ta olspciel a eteie wlekelevohs fersita coho fi 8 2/5 (</avr} sie) aisloisieissepel «Sieh artes 24.

24. Femora, except tip, black; thorax with two ehanléte vitte.
brevipila Loew.

Femora more or less yellow; thorax evittate.......-+esseeeeeecseecrenes 25.
DFMO DiOte ha LbLeNes i LAC Kercteselcshestlsye fos avetal oeoseiete). cl ere oveyisovaye afeueee tele Giivecs. » s eledayeed ote 26.

TOD GF lhe yell pelos bodaoopodoncoGbbo DobaosberdocuTgoD0enO OSs 27.
Di All Cheme mola bestaCO OU Sere cticlatersl «steel slelele) es) «12 0 «/<fete «lale's) ole gracilis Loew.v

The hind femora not testaceous .......... teleport teri nigriventris Loew.
OFA ile ote mila dllenti bse LOM Pears cetera) <a ayole slots 'o cote) /eiesets) sieve) e wiser = seriata Loew.

No long hairs on middle legs; second joint of front tarsi of the male not pro-
ceeding from the tip of the metatarsus....... Wheeleri Melander. ,

264 A. L. MELANDER.

Hilara quadrivittata Meigen.
Syst. Besch., iii, p. 7.

Black, thorax cinereous, with four fuscous vitte; halteres white; front meta-
tarsi of the male thick, oblong. Head cinereous. The outer thoracic vitte
abbreviated in front. Abdomen and legs black. Wings hyaline, with a brown-
ish margin, at the tip a little darkened. Abdomen of the male piceous, the hypo-
pygium globose, reaching back on the dorsum of the abdomen. Tibi bristly-
4mm.

Europe, Alaska (Kincaid).

Hilara umbrosa Loew. *
Cent. ii, 34.

Head black, cinerascent, with whitish pollen, except for the front. The first
two joints of the antenne reddish, fuscous above, the third black. Palpi fuseo-
testaceous. Dorsum of the thorax subcinerascent, the pollen sparse, closely
black-pilose. Abdomen concolorous with the thorax, with short black pile.
Coxe and legs pale testaceous, the posterior tibiz and all the tarsi dark grayish.
Wings cinereous, darker in the outer half, stigma blackish. 4.6 mm.

Illinois (Le Baron).
One male; Wood’s Holl, Massachusetts, is probably the same as
Loew’s species. It is characterized thus:

Vertex opaque black, face cinereous; proboscis as long as the head, labella ex-
tending to the tip of the proboscis; palpi directed forwards, fuscous, with long
hairs below. Thorax with a few short hairs, serially arranged and parted out-
wardly from the middle; scutellum with six long and several more short bristles.
Hypopygium pedunculate, compressed, black, lamelle widely opened, filament
long, slender, extending forward, entirely visible, apically fuscous. Legs rather
stout, luteo-fuscous, tarsi dusky, closely covered with short, dense, dusky hair;
the inferior edges of all the femora with short black bristles, each tibia with
several long, slender, black bristles on the outer side; coxe plumose, fore and
middle ones anteriorly and hind ones outwardly, with dense black hairs; front
metatarsi a little longer than the three following joints, but little thicker than
the tip of the tibia. Wings but little darker apically.

Hilara femorata Loew.
Cent. ii, 35.

Head black, opaque, antenne and palpi black. Thorax and abdomen black,
shining, with very short pubescence. Legs black, the knees, apex of the front
tibiz and the front tarsi brown, the posterior tarsi often fuscous, sometimes
lighter; the front femora of both sexes much thickened, the male front meta-
tarsi thick. Halteres black. Wings hyaline, the veins fuscous, stigma cineras-
cent, very faint. 2.6 mm.

Maryland (Osten Sacken), New Jersey, Ohio, Wisconsin.

Hilara velutina Loew.
Cent. ii, 36.
Wholly black. Head velutinous, black-pilose, antennz and palpi black.
Thorax opaque, velvety, black-pilose. Scutellum moderately shining. Abdo-

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 265

men concolorous with the scutellum, black-pilose. Legs wholly black, with
short black pile; the anterior metatarsi of the male oblong, incrassate. Wings
blackish gray, the stigma dark fuscous.

District of Columbia (Osten Sacken).

Hilara unicolor Loew.
Cent. ii, 37.

Head black, with black pile, the occiput cinereous-black, antenne and palpi
black. the proboscis very short. Thorax cinereous-black, opaque, covered with
rather close black pile. Scutellum concolorous with the thorax. Abdomen
black-cinereous, opaque, with black pile. Legs wholly black, with short black
pile, the hind tibie covered with somewhat longer black pile; the front meta-
tarsi (male) thickened. Halteres black. Wings pale cinerascent, stigma black.
3 mm.

Maryland (Osten Sacken), Massachusetts (G. de N. Hough).

P Hilara nigriventris Loew.
Cent. ii, 38.

Head black, with black pile, antennz concolorous, occiput cinereous. Palpi
yellowish, fuscous at base.- Proboscis almost equal to the head. Thorax black-
cinereous, closely black-pilose. Scutellum concolorous with the thorax. Abdo-
men black, shining, with black pile. Anterior coxe yellowish, fuscous at base,
posterior coxee generally wholly black, often testaceous at the tip. Legs black,
with short black pile, the base and the very tips of the front femora always yel-
lowish, the base of the middle femora less often testaceous; front metatarsi of
the male oblong, incrassate. Wings very pale cinerascent, stigma black. 2.6 mm.

Pennsylvania (Osten Sacken).

Hilara trivittata Loew.
Cent. ii, 39.

Subopaque, black-cinereous. Head black, the frontal triangle larger than in
the other species, it and the face cinerascent. Antennz black. Palpi black, sub-
cinerascent. Proboscis a little shorter than the head. Thoracic dorsum opaque,
with fusco-cinereous pollen, three almost complete fuscous vittee present, the
black pile very short. Scutellum and pleure coucolorous. Abdomen subopaque,
with fusco-cinereous pollen, clothed with very pale subfuscous pile. Legs black,
the pile very short. Wings cinereo-hyaline, stigma dark fuscous. 4.3 mm.

Illinois (Le Baron).
This species is very common in central Texas during the very
early part of spring. For an account of its habits see antea, p 200.

Hilara mutabilis Loew.
Cent. ii, 40.

Black. Head black, antenne and palpi black, proboscis a little shorter than
the head. Thoracic dorsum clothed with rather long biack pile, and covered
with cinereous pollen, so that seen from the side it is wholly cinereous, viewed
from above it seems marked with three black vitte, the middle one complete, the
side ones much shortened. Scutellum concolorous with the thorax. Abdomen

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (34) AUGUST, 1902.

266 A. L. MELANDER.

black, almost shining, with sparse black pile. Legs black, with short black pile,
the tips of the knees yellow. MHalteres black. Wings dark cinereous, stigma
black. 2.2 mm.

Illinois (Le Baron).

Hilara brevipila Loew.
Cent. ii, 41.

Black, subopaque. Head black, the occiput cinerascent, with whitish pollen.
Antenne black. Palpi yellowish. Proboscis shorter than the head. Thoracic
- dorsum subcinerascent, with fine white pollen, with two faint approximated
blacker vitte, and clothed with short blackish pile. Scutellum same color as the
thorax. Abdomen black, almost shining, very faintly cinereo-pollinose, black
pilose. Legs black, the knees yellowish, the pile short and black, the tibie and
metatarsi of the front and hind legs provided with a little longer pile above, an-
terior metatarsi of the male incrassate. Halteres black. Wings hyaline, stigma
dark fuscous, 4.2 mm.

Illinois (Le Baron).

Hilara atra Loew. .
Cent. ii, 42.

Black, shining. Head black, black-pilose, antenne and palpi black; proboscis
shorter than the head. Thoracic dorsum black, shining, very slightly cinereous-
pruinose, clothed with rather long black pile. Scutellum same color as the
thorax. Abdomen. black, shining, black-pilose, the somewhat lengthened hypo-
pygium concolorous. Halteres black. Legs wholly black, with short black pile,
the front tibie and the front metatarsi of the male strongly thickened, bearing
rather long pile above. Wings subcinerascent, stigma almost black. 2.2 mm.

Hlinois (Le Baron), Massachusetts, Colorado, N. Mex.

Hilara leucoptera Loew.
Cent. ii, 43.

Black, moderately shining. Head black, occiput cinerascent, with whitish
pollen. Antenne black, the first two joints blackish brown. Falpi black.
Proboscis a little longer than the head. Dorsum of the thorax subcinerascent,
with fine whitish pollen, bearing blackish pile. Scutellum concolorous with the
thorax. Abdomen black. Legs fuscous, in mature specimens almost black,
knees dirty white. Halteres whitish. Wings hyaline, whitish, anterior veins
pale yellowish, remaining veins dull whitish, stigma very weak ; anterior branch
of the third vein sharply ascending ; second submarginal cell very short. 2.6 mm.

Florida (Osten Sacken).

Hilara gracilis Loew.
Cent. ii, 44.

Head black. occiput cinereous. Antenne black. Palpi yellowish. Proboscis
about equal to the head. Thorax cinereous, not vittate, opaque, clothed with
black pile. Scutellum the same color as the thorax. Abdomen black, moder-
ately shining, black-pilose, faintly cinereo-pollinose. Legs testaceous or slightly
fuscous; tibize fuscous, the base of the anterior ones, however, often testaceous ;

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 267

tarsi dark brown, front metatarsi of the male oblong, incrassate, not provided
with longer pile. Halteres black. Wings nearly hyaline, stigma dark brown.
3mm.

Pennsylvania (Osten Sacken).

Hilara basalis Loew.
Cent. ii, 45.

Black, almost shining. Head black, occiput subecinerascent. Antenne black.
Palpi yellowish. Proboscis shorter than the head. Dorsum of thorax subcinera-
scent, with very fine whitish pollen, clothed with black pile. Scutellem same
color as the thorax. The basal half of the abdomen testaceous or a little fuscous,
the apical half black, very faintly cinereous-pollinose. Legs yellowish, tarsi
except the base fuscous, the first joint of the fore tarsi of the male strongly
thickened; the front tibiz and the front metatarsi possess somewhat longer
blackish pile above. Halteres yellowish brown. Wings gray, stigma dark
brown. 3.3 mm.

Illinois (Le Baron).

Hilara macroptera Loew.
Cent. iii, 32.

Dark gray, opaque. Head concolorous, black-pilose. Antenne black, the first
two joints dark brown. Palpi piceous, provided with some longer black hairs.
Proboscis black, rather thick, shorter than the head. Dorsum of the thorax not
vittate, provided with rather long black pile. Abdomen black, opaque, black-
pilose. Legs pale yellow, black-pilose, the outer half of the tibize and the whole
of the tarsi black; the front metatarsi of the male moderately thickened, and
the front tibiz bearing very long black hair above. Halteres yellowish. Wings
very large, distinctly grayish, subhyaline, pale yellowish at the base, veins sub-
fuscous, pale yellow at the base, stigma elongate, cinereous, very faint. 2.7 mm.

District of Columbia (Osten Sachen).

Hilara lutea Loew.
Cent. iii, 33.

Yellow, opaque, clothed with short and sparse black hair. Head blackish
cinerascent, with whitish pollen. The basal joints of the antenne fuscous (the
third joint wanting). Palpi yellow; proboscis black, thick, shorter than the
head. Pleure faintly marked with grayish spots. Abdomen marked with basal
blackish fascia on each segment. Legs paler than the rest of the body, the very
tip of the tarsi fuscous, and the fore metatarsi of the male incrassate. Halteres
pale yellow. Wings almost hyaline, pale grayish yellow, veins yellow, posterior
ones subfuscous, second longitudinal recurved towards its apex, the front branch
of the third vein obliquely ascending, 2.5 mm.

District of Columbia (Osten Sacken).

Hilara tristis Loew.
Cent. v, 62.

Wholly black, black-pilose, opaque, antennee, head, hypopygium, halteres and
legs concolorous, the pedicel of the halteres and the knees testaceous. Front
wholly velvety. Dorsum of the thorax sprinkled with very sparse, pale cinere-

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902.

268 A. L. MELANDER.

ous pollen, with three darker, almost obsolete vittee. Legs slender, covered with
short pile and a few black hairs, the front metatarsi of the male moderately
thickened, oblong, except for the usual hairs, bearing three or four sete above.
Wings blackish, stigma black. 4 mm.

New Hampshire (Osten Sacken).

' Hilara seriata Loew.
Cent. v, 63.

Front black, a short vitta ascending from the antenne more shining. An-
tenn black, palpi testaceous. Thorax cinereous opaque, with no vitte, the pile
and the black sete arranged in regular rows. Scutellum concolorous. Abdomen
black, moderately shining, black pilose. Legs together with the coxe testaceous,
the front tibiz towards the apex, and the hind ones, except the base, fuscous, all
the tarsi almost black; the front metatarsi of the male thick, ovate; the middle
tibize clothed with erect and rather long pile. Halteres testaceous. Wings cine-
reous, stigma dark gray. 2.5 mm.

New Hampshire (Osten Sacken).

Nore.—Very similar to Hilara gracilis, but the thoracic pile
arranged in regular series and the hairs of the middle tibize show a
difference.

One specimen from New Jersey seems referable to this species.
The stigma is nearly obsolete, however; all the tibize are strongly
plumose, while the middle metatarsi, as well as the front ones, are
thickened. The size is larger than Dr. Loew has indicated.

Hilara testacea Loew.
Cent. v, 64.

Dark yellow, opaque, clothed with black, rather short and sparse hairs. Head
black, cinerascent, with whitish pollen. The basal joints of the antenne dark
yellow, the third joint and its style black. Palpi luteous. Abdomen ringed
with blackish fasciz at the base of the individual segments, the fascia often
wanting on the first segment. Legs a little lighter than the rest of the body,
tarsi wholly fuscous, the apex of the posterior tibiee often infuscated ; front meta-
tarsi of the male thickened; the middle tibie provided with long pile below.
Halteres yellowish. Wings cinereous, towards the costa yellowish, stigma sub-

fuscous. 2.8 mm.

New Hampshire (Osten Sacken).

Nore.—This must not be confounded with Hilara lutea, which
has less cinereous wings and the middle tibiz with shorter pile below.

Hilara Johnsoni Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 395.

Black ; the palpi, halteres, coxee, femora and tibie yellow. Eyes of male sepa-
rated over twice the width of the lowest ocellus. Head, thorax and scutellum
opaque gray pollinose, that on the thorax somewhat yellowish, their short pile
and bristles black ; scutellum bearing four bristles; abdomen subshining, its pile
rather long, black. Wings hyaline, stigma dark brown. Proboscis of male

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 269

slightly over one-half as long as, in the female fully as long as, the head height.
Antenne of male excessively long, over three times as long as the head, the
female antenne three times as long as the head, the third third joint is much the
longest, its style coiled spirally. 4 mm.

Eufaula, Alabama (C. W. Johnson). Numerous specimens.

Hilara cana Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 395.

Wholly black, including the palpi and knees. Head opaque gray pollinose,
the pile black. First two antennal joints subequal in length, the third three
times as long as the second, style nearly as long as the third joint. Proboscis as
long as the height of the head. Eyes widely separated. Thorax opaque gray
pollinose, marked with three brownish black yitte, pile and bristles black ;
pleura naked. Scutellum bearing four black bristles. Abdomen and hypopy-
gium opaque gray pollinose, the pile largely yellowish. Legs bearing rather
long scattered pile, none of the femora unusually stout, front tibia more robust
than the middle ones, front metatarsi greatly enlarged. Wings hyaline, stigma
grayish black. In the female the front tibiz are not thicker than the middle
ones, and the front metatarsi are not enlarged. 4 mm.

Southern California (Coquillett).

Hilara viridis Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 395.

Shining metallic green, the pleura largely black ; antenne, proboscis, hypopy-
gium and legs yellowish brown; eyes separated the width of the lowest ocellus ;
proboscis slightly shorter than the height of the head ; halteres black ; pile and
bristles of entire body black ; scutellum bearing only two bristles ; wings hyaline,
veins yellowish, anterior branch of the third vein perpendicular to that vein.
2.5 mm.

Jamaica, West Indies (Cockerell).

Hilara aurata Coquillett.
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1900, p. 411.

Black, the first two antennal joints and the legs dark brown, the knees and
halteres yellow; upper part of the occiput and sides of the front velvet black,
middle of front below the lowest ocellus, face, cheeks and lower part of the occi-
put gray pruinose; eyes of male almost as widely separated as the posterior
ocelli, third joint of the antenne conical, slightly longer than broad, subequal in
length to the style, proboscis as long as the height of the head, hairs of palpi and
underside of the head whitish, those of the occiput yellowish brown; thorax
slightly polished, marked with three, indistinct, black vitte, almost bare, in the
middle, behind the suture, with a golden yellowish pubescence, no hairs in front
of the halteres, scutellum bearing four bristles and a few short hairs; abdomen
slightly polished, its hairs yellow, hypopygium of male small, nearly bare; legs
destitute of long bristly hairs, first joint of front tarsi of the male greatly
swollen; wings hyaline, veins yellow, stigma pale yellowish, venation normal,
4mm.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902

270 A. L. MELANDER.

One female; July, Kukak Bay, Alaska (Kincaid). One male;
Eastport, Maine (Nat. Mus.).

Hilara Wheeleri Melander (Fig. 95).
Psyche, 1901, p. 214.

Opaque true black, covered with a very fine gray-glaucous coating. Head,
thorax and abdomen with a few pale short hairs in addition to the dark bristles.
Antenne black, short, third joint short, conical, its arista equal to itself. Palpi
testaceous, with pale hairs; proboscis piceous, generally less than one-half the head
height. Thorax not vittate, its short hairs irregularly, almost serially arranged ;
scutellum with four black bristles, the inner pair long. Abdomen opaque-black,
most often compressed in the male and cylindrical or depressed in the female ; no
conspicuous bristles, the short sparse pubescence pale; hypopygium not of greater
depth than the abdomen, sessile, rarely distinctly separated from the abdomen
above, compressed, its lateral valves subglabrous, the dorsal filament thick, but
almost always hidden. JLegs fuscous to piceous. The males asa rule have the
legs darker, but the fore tibia are always fuscous, The pubescence is pale yel-
low; no conspicuous macrochete are present, though the hairs of the upper edge
of the male fore tibiz are longer. The middle and hind coxe are black, the fore
coxee more or less fuscous; tarsi black, the remainder of the legs variable in
color, from fuscous to piceous. The front metatarsi of the males enlarged, ovoid,
the distal third of the inner side is excised for the reception of the remainder of
the tarsus, which thus is not attached to the tip of the metatarsus. The front
tibise of the males are somewhat thickened. Wings cinereous-hyaline, stigmal
spot faintly brown, neuration normal. 3.5 mm.

Wyoming (Wheeler).

In the lot of twenty specimens, one exhibited a peculiar case of
tandem hermaphroditism. This specimen has the anterior part of
the body formed as in the males, while the posterior portion is
female. The reader is referred to the description in Psyche for an
account of this case of gynandromorphism.

Species of Hilara described by Francis Walker.

Hilara plebeia Walker.
Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., N. Ser., iv, p. 148.

Black; fore legs ferruginous; wings limpid, veins and stigma black; halteres
tawny. 2.5 mm.

United States.

Hilara transfuga Walker.
List of Dipt. Ins., iii., p. 491.

Body black, clothed with short black hairs; eyes, mouth and feelers black;
legs piceous, clothed with black hairs; wings dark brown; wing-ribs and veins
black; brands black; poisers piceous. 4 mm.

Hudson’s Bay. Ten specimens (Kineaid), Alaska ; determination
by Mr. Coquillett.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. Dituli

Hilara migrata Walker.
List, ete., p. 491.

Body black, hairy; eyes piceous; feelers and lip black, the latter short; legs
dark tawny, clothed with short black hairs; wings gray; wing-ribs, veins and
poisers piceous; wing-brands brown. 2mm,

Hudson’s Bay.

New species of Hilara.

Hilara baculifer sp. nov. (Fig. 96).

Length 3.25 mm.—Gray-black. Head opaque, dirty gray-brown, black-bristly ;
eyes deeply notched at the antenne. Antenne black, somewhat shorter than
the head, third joint elongate, lanceolate, with a thickened arista a little shorter
than itself. Proboscis black, one-half to two-thirds the height of the head. Palpi
black, directed forwards, strongly beset with black hairs below. Thorax dull
brownish gray, dorsum with three brown bristly vittee extending to the scutel-
lum, scutellum with four marginal bristles. Abdomen moderately shining on
the upper surface, hypopygium not elongate, its lateral pieces not very shining,
a mid-dorsal, anteriorly directed, terminal process present. Legs piceous, moder-
ately shining, with black pubescence and bristles, the anterior tibiz two-thirds
of the length of the femora, moderately incrassate, on outer edge bearing a fringe
of long bristles, closely placed near tip; anterior metatarsi greatly lengthened
and thickened, in length exceeding the femora, with no long bristles, remaining
tarsal joints short and thick. Wings evenly infumated, stigma a little darker,
veins brown, strong.

The halteres are broken from all the specimens.

Thirty-two specimens; Tifton, Georgia, 1896.

This species is very distinct in the structure of the front pair of
legs.

Hilara bella sp. nov. (Fig. 94).

Male. 3.5 mm.—Black, sparsely cinereous-pollinose. Head black, vertex and
occiput velvet black, opaque. Face cinereous; a shining black triangle en-
croaches on the vertex above the antenne. Antenne black, short, less than one-
half the length of the head, third joint conical, a little longer than its thickened
style. Eyes shallowly emarginate at antenne. Palpi black, with both pale and
black hairs; proboscis black, not exceeding one-third the height of the head.
Dorsum of thorax very lightly pale pubescent, almost blue-black when viewed
from in back, subshining, cinereous when viewed from in front, the serial bris-
tles pale, very short; pleure and coxe cinereous. Abdomen finely cinereous,
subshining, venter more gray ; hypopygium cinereous, with smooth side pieces
bearing a small posterior fringe of yellow hairs. Anterior faces of coxee covered
with yellow hair; femora and tibize subshining, black, except knees, tarsi more
opaque black; anterior metatarsi moderately enlarged, slightly longer than the
rest of the tarsus, not pilose; posterior tibiz and tarsi densely covered with pale
hairs. Halteres infuscated. Wings clear hyaline, veins firm, fuscous, stigma
very obsolete, second submarginal cell normal.

A single male collected by Dr. Hough in Massachusetts.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902

Die A. L. MELANDER.

Hilara carbonaria sp. nov.

Length 3 mm.—Black over all except wings (halteres missing of all the speci-
mens, but most probably black also). Thorax, occiput and front black, velvety ;
ocellar triangle not raised ; antenne two-thirds the height of the head, third
joint thickened, not finely pointed, twice as long as basal joints together, the
arista short, thickened, eyes not deeply notched at antenne. Proboscis slender,
pointed, in length equal to the antenne ; palpi generaily hanging down and then
longer than proboscis. Thorax very little shining along sides when viewed from
the side. Seen from the front the dorsum has two faint piceous-gray glabrous
stripes extending nearly to the scutellum. Vertex, thoracic dorsum, margins of
abdominal segments and base of hypopygium with small black bristles, longer on
hypopygium ; scutellum with four marginal bristles, the inner pair long. Abdo-
men moderately shining; hypopygium large, compressed, almost carinate, ab-
ruptly rounding the abdomen, no parts exposed. Legs wholly black, anterior
metatarsus of the male not much enlarged, shorter than the remainder of the
tarsus, but little thicker than the tibia, hairy, and with a few bristles above;
bases of legs moderately shining; femora and tibie bristly; hind tibie straight,
very slightly compressed. Wings whitish, veins pale fuscous, no stigma, first
vein thickened near insertion in costa, venation normal.

Two males and five females; New Bedford, Mass., June 12th.
This species is distinct from velutina Loew by the coloration of
the wings and the absence of stigma.

Hilara congregaria sp. nov.

Length 4 mm.—Head and thorax gray-black, faintly glaucous, slightly shin-
ing. Eyes narrowly, moderately deeply emarginate at antenne. Antenne
black, third joint lanceolate, short, style thick, somewhat shorter than the third
antennal joint. Occipital bristles brownish. Palpi testaceous, underside with
pale hairs; each provided with a long dark seta exceeding the antenna in length,
arising from the outer third of the underside. Proboscis black, generally shorter
than one-half the height of the head. Thoracic bristles brown, acrostichals
arranged in three series, thorax uot vittate; scutellum with four marginal
piceous bristles, the inner pair long; metathorax black, glaucous. The sparse
marginal hairs of the abdominal sclerites pale. Abdomen piceous, sometimes
fuscous at base; hypopygium compressed, not longer than the end of the abdo-
men, lateral valves small, serrate above, filament hidden. Legs pale testaceous,
except the piceous front tarsi of the male, the hind tibiz of the female and the
gradually darkened remaining tarsi of both sexes; outer edge of anterior tibiz
and metatarsi of the male with pale downy hairs, at the tip of the tibiw are a
couple of stouter, darker hairs; no long hairs on remainder of legs, except on all
the coxe ; anterior male metatarsi oblong, thickened, subequal to the remainder
of the tarsus, anterior tibie slightly cylindrically thickened ; female with ante-
rior legs plain, a few short bristly hairs on anterior surface of middle femora,
posterior femora curved, and posterior tibiz incrassate, fusiform, as thick as the
femora. Halteres testaceous. Wings clear hyaline, stigma at most very faint,
veins light fuscous, neuration normal.

Thirteen males and seven females; Monterey Co., California, July
23, 1896. Collected by Dr. Wheeler.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 273

On account of the rarely fuscous base of the abdomen, this spe-
cies may become confused with basalis Loew, from which it may be
readily distinguished by the brownish thoracic bristles.

This speeies, together with nugaa sp. nov., is the Hilara men-
tioned by Mr. Wheeler in his paper on “Anemotropism and other
Tropisms in Insects, p. 375,” * as dancing in swarms.

Hilara nugax sp. nov.

This species differs from congregaria as follows :

Male.—Thoracie and cephalic bristles slightly longer and stouter, darker,
piceous or black. Antennal style more slender. Palpi piceous, with darker
hairs. Hypopygial lamelle not serrated. Legs darker testaceous, piceous or
black from the middle of the tibiz ; anterior metatarsi without long hairs above,
underside straight. Halteres fuscous. Wings cinereous hyaline; veins darker
fuscous, stigma dark fuscous.

Female.—Ditters from the male thus: legs lighter in color, tibiz: with more red-
dish, metatarsi not incrassate. The hind tibie of the female are not at all thick-
ened.

Twenty nine males and twenty-four females; Monterey Co., Cali-

fornia, July 3 to 23, 1896. Collected by Dr. Wheeler.

HORMOPEZA Zetterstedt.

Rather small species. Antennze much shorter than the head,
apparently two-jointed, the terminal joint ovate, compressed, with
a short, thick end-bristle. Eyes of the male contiguous above.
Hypopygium of the male rounded, consisting of two convex, shin-
ing, hemispherical plates, between which reaches a short hairy pro-
cess. Legs simple. Wings as in Hilara.

The species are distinguished from Hilara by the contiguous eyes
of the males, the simple metatarsi of the males, and by the structure
of the antenne.

Stigma and veins fuscous; third antennal joint oval; knob of halteres blackish.

nigricans Loew.
NOs il on ARV ELIT SHA © afetettototereraielesetais ler aieletaie etsveietclsialsyersnielevc, fate) en a\ieiovavene se) wslei« eve 2.

2. Third antennal joint oval; halteres and legs luteous ...... bullata sp. nov.
Third antennal joint globose; halteres and legs fuscous.
brevicornis Loew.

Hormopeza brevicornis Loew (Fig. 87).
Cent. v, 65.
Head black, eyes of the male contiguous. Front shining above the antenne.

* Archiv fuer Entwickelungsmechanik der Organismen. 8th Band, 3rd Heft.
1899.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (35) AUGUST, 1902.

274 A. L. MELANDER.

Antenne very short; first two joints short, yellowish; the third joint globose,
black ; the terminal short style black, its basal joint thick, its apical joint slen-
der. Proboscis very short, thick, blunt, blackish brown; palpi minute, recurved,
dirty white. Thorax black, cinereo-pollinose, opaque, clothed with pale hairs.
Scutellum concolorous. Abdomen black, shining, with pale hairs; hypopygium
concolorous. Legs fuscous, the apex of the cox, the very base of the femora,
and the knees often luteous. Knob of the halteres subfuscous. Wings whitish,
veins pale, no stigma. 3.3-3.5 mm.

Yukon River (Kennicott); South Dakota, Idaho, Wyoming.

These specimens exhibit in addition the following characters:
The eyes of the males are large, occupying nearly the whole head,
the upper facets large, the lower very small, the two sizes of facets
well separated on a horizontal line. The abdomen of the male is
more shining than in the female (of both sexes the base is almost
translucent); the hypopygium is terminal, of moderate size, consist-
ing of two convex, shining, side-pieces, and a dorsal short, back-
ward-pointing, curved process. The head and thorax have a slight
but distinet metallic tinge beneath the pollinous coating. The
wings are broader, shorter and blunter than in budlata ; the costal
cell is well filled with brown. Lastly, the pulvilli are of dusky
color and of normal size.

Hormopeza bullata sp. nov. (Fig. 88).

Female. Length 4.5 mm.—Head and thorax opaque black, abdomen shining
black. Eyes widely separated. Antenne a little more than one-third the eye
height, stubby, black, third joint somewhat velvety, swollen, ionger than broad,
with a short, thick bristle. Palpi short, directed forward, luteous. Proboscis
short, thick, black, in length one third the eye height. Postocular yellow bris-
tles serially arranged. Thorax opaque-black, with a light cinereous or yellow
tinge; bristles yellow, acrostichals and part of dorsals small, others long ; scutel-
lum with six long bristles, the apical pair of which are not close together.
Pleure lightly cinereous-dusted. Abdomen compressed, shining black, with
scattered, pale, short hairs; venter rufous to black. Coxe and legs yellowish,
uniformly colored, except the dusky tarsi; legs slender, tarsal joints oblong,
eradually decreasing in length, four pairs of bristles on the hind tibiz, hind
femora with longest bristle-like hairs on the outer side near the tip, middle and
front tibize with a few small bristles, pulvilli enlarged, pale yellow. Halteres
yellow, dusky at extreme tip. Wings narrow, clear hyaline, nervures pale,
brownish along costa, no stigma, anal angle prominent, costal cell opalescent.

While this species closely resembles brevicornis, its habitus is so
different as to render it easily distinguishable. The larger size, the
narrower, longer, more pointed wings, the large pulvilli, the oval
third joint of the antennz which also are a little longer, the opales-
cent costal cell, the opaque velvet black of the head and thoracic

AMERICAN DIPTERA. Pete

dorsum, the black base to the antennex, the solid black of the base
of the abdomen, and the luteous halteres and legs, are all peculiar
to this species,

Described from three females, from Jackson’s Lake, Wyoming.
Collected by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler.

Hormopeza nigricans Loew.
Cent. v, 66.

Wholly black, with pale pile. Head concolorous, eyes of the male contiguous.
Antenne short, black, third joint oval, the basal joint of the short style thick,
the apical one slender. Proboscis very short, thick, blunt, blackish brown; palpi
small, recurved, dull white. Thorax opaque, cinereo-pollinose. Scutellum con-
colorous. Abdomen black, shining, hypopygium the same. Legs black, the
apex of the coxee and the knees luteous. Knob of the halteres blackish brown.
Wings cinereous hyaline, stigma and veins fuscous. 4.1 mm.

Yukon River (Kennicott); Moscow, Idaho (J. M. Aldrich).

if
L

GLOMA Meigen.
Species of blackish or yellowish color. Antennz shorter than
the head, third joint oval, with a rather stout terminal arista, pro-
hoscis thick, not longer than the head. Eyes of the male contigu-
ous above, of the female separated. Thorax rather prominent;
abdomen compressed. Legs simple, the hind ones lengthened.
Wings rather broad, the third vein imperfectly (?) forked; discal
cell with three veins; anal cell shorter than the second basal, both
bounded by a cross-vein almost parallel with the hind margin.

Yellow, red above; tarsi fuscous towards tip......-------+-.+--.-- rufa Loew.
Binckaabuomennye lows basellliyameterte ae lclerets at-latelsiie/ele ice + alse) sfeleleslelelsiae elele 2
PAM IAES ESUS ITNT eae teenede states eres e eter one atay etek oteyatate fete foyeeTavene) mene! ay obseura Loew.

Front tarsi and middle tibiz in part swollen and hairy.
scopifera Coquillett.

The generic position of Gloma phthia Walker* cannot be de-
termined from his description. It is therefore useless to repeat the
diagnosis.

Gloma rufa Loew.
Cent. v, 67.

Yellow, reddish above, black-pilose. Head black, cinereous with white pollen.
Proboscis and palpi yellow. First two joints of the antenne rather short, yellow,
black-pilose ; third joint black, ovate, apex subacute, the seta rather thick, black.
Tarsi fuscous towards the apex. Wings grayish yellow, stigma tinged a little
darker, veins pale fuscous, yellow towards base and costa. 5 mm.

New Hampshire (Osten Sacken).
* Walker, List of Dipterous Insects, etc., iii, p. 492.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902.

276 A. L. MELANDER.

Gloma obscura Loew (Fig. 93).
Cent. v, 68.

Black, black-pilose. Head black, proboscis fuscous, palpi blackish. Antenne
black, first two joints rather short, black-pilose, the third short, ovate, the rather
thick seta black. Abdomen shining, black, or piceous, base on each side yellow-
ish, almost pellucid. Coxe and legs yellowish, the hind femora and tibie infus-
cated apically, the last two joints of the tarsi black. Halteres yellowish. Wings
grayish fuscous, stigma a little darker, veins fuscous. 5 mm.

New Hampshire, Idaho.
The third vein is perfectly furcate in the specimen in the collection.

Gloma scopifera Coquillett.
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1900, p. 412.

Male. Length 6 mm.—Black, a humeral dot, the halteres, second and third
segments of the abdomen, except middle of dorsum, underside of fourth segment,
and the legs, yellow, the greater part of the coxsze, middle of femora, apices of
tibiz, last two joints of front and middle tarsi, and whole of hind tarsi, except
bases of first two joints, brown; all hairs and bristles black. Third joint of an-
tenn slightly longer than wide, less than half as long as the style. Thorax
somewhat opaque, thinly gray pruinose. Abdomen slightly polished. Front
tibize at apices bearing a dense cluster of rather long bristly hairs, last two joints
of the front tarsi greatly dilated and fringed along the sides with short bristly
hairs, middle femora beyond the middle of the underside bearing a cluster of
about three long bristles, middle tibiz swollen at middle of underside, the
swelling densely covered with short, bristly hairs. Wings grayish hyaline,
veins and. stigma brown.

Alaska (Prof. T. Kincaid).

RAGAS Walker.

Small, slightly hairy species of black ground-color. Antennze
three-jointed, shorter than the head, the first two joints short, the
third lanceolate, lengthened, provided with a short two-jointed
arista, the second joint of which is very fine. Proboscis short, not
porrect; palpi lengthened, provided with a few hairs beneath.
Eyes of the female separated, of the male narrowly separated, the
face long, the vertex short. Thorax short and rather broad, promi-
nent. Legs rather long, intermediate femora of the male in our
species without a spine. Wings with the third vein furcate, the
upper branch not perpendicular ; discal cell sending out three pos-
terior veins; anal cell shorter than the second basal cell ; anal angle
not prominent.

Scutellum with six pale hairs...........-...--2--2 es seeeee mabelse sp. nov.
Scutellum with ten black bristles .......-....----.--- eonjuncta Cogquillett.

bo
“I
=~]

AMERICAN DIPTERA.

Ragas mabelz sp. nov. (Fig. 98).

Male. Length 3 mm.—Black species, covered with cinereous dust. Face very
narrow, silvery, palpi white. _Dorsum of the thorax diffused brownish, with
four brown vitte, the lateral two abbreviated anteriorly. Scutellum with six
equidistant uniform pale marginal hairs. Abdomen slender, dusted with cine-
reous, the hypopygium terminal, projecting, globose and closed, dusted with
cinereous, except beyond the margins of the broad, convex middle lamellz.
Legs slender, simple, devoid of any bristles, yellow, the tarsi apically and the
hind legs from the middle of the femora outwardly brown; pulvilli small,
square, empodium linear. Wings hyaline, with a very faint brownish tinge,
veins dark brown; the costa curves outward to accomodate itself to the elongate
faint stigma; marginal cell extending to the middle of the second submarginal
cell; anal vein vanishing.

One male; Moscow, Idaho (Prof. J. M. Aldrich).

This is the first reported occurrence of this genus in America.

Ragas conjuncta Coquillett.
Empis conjuncta Coq., Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1900, p. 411.

Black, the halteres and legs dark brown; venter of abdomen dark brown.
Eyes of male contiguous. Third antennal joint linear, long, its style minute.
Proboscis shorter than the head. Hairs and bristles of thorax and scutellum
black; thorax very thinly gray pollinose, not distinctly vittate, scutellum bear-
ing ten marginal bristles; abdomen slightly polished, hypopygium wholly and
sparsely covered with bristly hairs, the dorsal piece bearing a pair of long sub-
cylindrical, fleshy processes, which are covered with short hairs, filament free.
Wings hyaline, veins and stigma brown. 2.5 mm.

Alaska (Prof. T. Kineaid).

The characters given above have been drawn from the descrip-
tion of Empis triangula Coq., which the present species is said to
resemble, except in its generic characters. Its position in the genus
Ragas is evident from Mr. Coquillett’s résumé: “classified by its
short proboscis, this species would be placed in the genus Hilara ;
but its elongated third antennal joint with the minute style, the
contiguous eyes of the male and the slender first joint of his front
tarsi, indicate a nearer relationship with the typical species of the
genus Empis.”

In the structure of the appendages of the hypopygium this spe-
cies departs widely from mabele, but this difference is not of generic
importance, as similar cases occur, e.g., in the genus Brachystoma.
The females of B. occidentalis and vesiculosum Fab. are undoubtedly
related, but the males of the former bear prominent annexes to the
lamelle while in the latter they are wanting, judging from Mr.
Mik’s description.*

* Ent. Nachr., 1894, p. 154.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902

278 A. L. MELANDER.

LAMPREMPIS gen. nov.
Lamprempis Wheeler et Melander (Subgen. Hmpis), Biol. Cent. Am., 1901, Dipt.
Suppl., p. 366.

Small, short, broad, greatly humpbacked, metallic blue or blue.
green flies. Eyes of the male contiguous. Thorax often with
bushy short pubescence, the macrocheetee much reduced, either
wanting or hair-like, even on the scutellar margin. Hypopygium
prominent, three lateral valves varyingly developed, the central
filament much reduced, generally apparently wanting. Legs of
both sexes ornamented, of the female ciliate with scales or hairs on
the edges, of the male sometimes more or less pennate. Chichimeca
possesses remarkable processes on the male hind leg which are de-
veloped not alone at the knee, where similar processes are developed
in typical E’mpis, when they occur, but also on the distal portion of
the tibia and on the metatarsus; in benigna and superba also, there
are thickenings in the same places ; violacea, the only other species of
which the male is known has no similar thickenings of the legs, but
has instead the pennate ornamentation. Wings with the character
istic brownish tinge of the Mexican flies, more or less developed,
most conspicuous along the costa; the veins narrow, brownish, be-
coming faint posteriorly, especially the anal and sometimes the fifth
also; the third vein furcate far beyond the end of the marginal cell,
its anterior branch perpendicular.

Wings hyaline, marked with black; hind legs of males with scales.
violacea Loew.

Wings uniformly blackish ; legs of male simple-..--.-.-.--.- superba Loew.
Wangs) hyaline) ox yell owns Enlasesatetelars) footed tedeynte fete te terete detent Note tol te aed tetteletede 2.
2. Tarsi black; middle and hind femora and tibiz with flat scales on both edges
(female) hiss aie ac etin evel 'Gp'are devas oles 1c atehetiedevatehersnebertaabe facereronnte cyanea Bellardi.

TRars ita in OS belUSC OMS meter etree neta stane nen totensits tee tetel <tcteten cnet atel ete tet ee teeteloeteta tetera se

3. Wings clear hyaline; legs not ciliate with scales (female) ...-Suavis Loew.
VTS O.fy say VOLO Wiis fn ULNA Pe ett ee Peole ealt aed alee atte te el Palo keel = 4.

4. Scales dense on both sides of the middle and hind femora and tibiz (female) ;
hind femora, tibize and metatarsi each with a peculiar process (male) ;
wings uniformly colored......- chichimeea Wheeler et Melander.

Scales few on the upper side of the femora (female); wings darker on the an-
teroproximal portion ....- 2.56.20 eee e nee eee ete ee tee eee erence 5s

5. Hind tibize and metatarsi each with a brush of hairs (male); third antennal
joint shorter than the first two united...... benigma Osten Sacken.

Third antennal joint about equalling the first two.
diaphorina Osten Sacken.

Lamprempis violacea Loew (Figs. 103, 104).
Cent. vili, 55.
Male.—Blue, shining, covered with fine black pile. Head blue-black; eyes

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 279

contiguous; first two joints of the antennz dull testaceous, third joint rather
short, ovate, black, provided with a style equal to itself; proboscis short,
piceous. Dorsum of thorax greenish blue; pleurse piceous, opaque, shining blue
before the base of the wings; pile in front of the halteres black. Color of the
abdomen brassy blue, changing to violaceous towards the tip. Hypopygium
small, short, black and black-pilose, supported by the last ventral segment which
is arched and clothed with black pile; lateral lamelle short, upper lamelle ex-
cised ; penis exposed, very slender towards the tip. Legs dark piceous, black-
pilose, of the front and middle legs, the apical third of the femora, and the tibiz
except the tip, of the hind legs, the knees, the second and third joints of all the
tarsi, together with the extreme apex and basal fourth of the first joint, pale
lutescent; the front and middle tibize above with ordinary pile, towards the apex
with compressed pile; the front and middle metatarsi above short-pennate; of
the hind legs, the tibie and the femora compressed, the tibiz pennate above,
below with dense pile, the femora on both sides with feathery scales. Halteres
blackish brown. Wings clear hyaline, the base, the costa, and the edges of the
discal cell bordered very broadly with black, so that, except fora triangle ex-
tending from the axillary margin to the fourth vein, and except for the spot in
the discal cell contiguous with the front margin of the triangle, the three poste-
rior cells are hyaline, the basal half of the first and the base of the others ex-
cepted. The third longitudinal vein, besides the anterior, perpendicular, and
slightly recurved branch sends another short branch into the first posterior cell,
equidistant from the median cross-vein and the apex of the wing; discal cell
broad, obliquely truncate; the fourth longitudinal and the intercalary veins
slender, evanescent before the margin of the wing. 3.5 mm.

Mexico (Deppe, Berlin Museum),

One injured specimen labelled Mexico answers with this descrip-
tion, except that the hypopygium is broadly open, and evidently of
different conformation.

Lamprempis superba Loew.
Cent. viii, 57.

Male.—Brassy black. Proboscis equal to the head and thorax combined, fus-
cous. Antenne black, the first two joints black-pilose, the first somewhat long,
the apical style whitish. Eyes contiguous. Thorax and scutellum brassy green,
shining, clothed with short black pile. Pleurge brownish black, opaque, with a
small subalar callosity and a median spot blue-green, black pilose in front of the
fuscous halteres. Abdomen blue-green, merging into very bright cupreous
towards the apex and chalybeous at the very tip. Legs black, closely covered
with short concolorous pile, the tibiz and the first joint of the tarsi moderately
thickened, the front femora except the tip luteous, and the other femora circled
by a subapical, very broad, luteous ring. Wings black, the front branch of the
third longitudinal vein ascending straight to the costa. 4 mm.

Cuba (Poey).

Lamprempis cyanea Bellardi.
Mem. d. Reale Acead. d. Scienze d. Torino, Ser. 2, vol. xxi, p. 199.
Female.—Metallic blue. Front broad, deep, shining, blue-black ; first antenna!

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902

280 A. L. MELANDER.

joint long, cylindrical, black, with long, dense, black hairs; second joint very
short, black, black-pilose; third joint wanting. Proboscis equal in length to the
thorax and head together. Occiput black, at the margin provided with long
black bristles. Thorax much convex, black-pilose, shining, green-black, me-
tallic, with faint vittee; pleuree and pectus jet black, from thence submetallic.
Scutellum green-black, metallic, with long, black hairs on the posterior margin.
Halteres wanting. Abdomen acute apically, cyaneous, metallic, black-pilose at
the base. Front and middle legs short, hind ones gone; coxe black; front
femora broadly black at the base, apically yellow; front tibize broadly yellow at
the base, and apically black; front tarsi wholly black, first joint long and much
thickened ; middle legs yellow, with the very base of the femora and the extreme
tip of the tibiz, and all the tarsal joints black; front femora and front and mid-
dle tarsi dark yellow-tomentose; front and middle tibiz and middle femora with
rather long yellow cilia. Wings hyaline, fuscescent towards the base; submar-
ginal vein straight, perpendicular to the third vein. 4 mm.

Angang, Mexico (Saussure).

In addition to this diagnosis the following points drawn from a
female specimen from Amola in Guerrero, Mexico, will be of ser-
vice:—Third antennal joint shorter than the first two united,
pointed, its slender style equalling its own length. Mesonotum
evittate. Hind femora and tibiz fringed with scales on both sides,
hind metatarsi not fringed; front metatarsi elongate, flattened and
fringed.

Lamprempis suavis Loew.
Cent. viii, 56

Female.—Front and face blue-green, shining; occiput chalybeous, moderately
shining. Antenne black, the first joint rather long, the third ovate, its bristle
shorter than itself; proboscis a little longer than the head. Thoracic dorsum
green, shining, chalybeous on the posterior margin. Pleurz almost black, but
green and shining before the base of the wings. Abdomen rather thick, bright
chalybeous, shining. Femora piceous, extreme tip luteous; tibize lutescent, a
little darker towards the tip, the apex of the hind ones fuscous; front tarsi fus-
cous, the middle joints lutescent, the first thickened ; middle and hind tarsi pale
lutescent, the last joints black. Halteres black. Wings very clear hyaline, veins
fuscous ; the first section of the fourth longitudinal vein altogether obsolete, its
last part and the intercalary vein very slender, of a lighter color and vanishing

before the tip of the wing; the sixth vein much abbreviated ; the anterior branch
of the third vein straight and perpendicular. 2.5 mm.

Mexico (Deppe, Berlin Museum).
A single female from Chilpancingo in Guerrero, Mexico, has the
whole of the fourth vein uniformly developed.

Lamprempis chichimeca Wheeler et Melander (Figs. 100, 101, 102).
Biol. Cent. Am., Dipt. Suppl., p. 368, Nov. 1901.

Male.—Shining metallic green. Face and occipat black, dusted with white.
Eyes contiguous on the front. Proboscis nearly as long as the head. Antenne

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 281

black; third joint shorter than the first and second joints taken together, very
nearly the length of the first joint; style very short. _Mesonotum shining. me-
tallic blue-green, with three deep blue stripes anteriorly, and beset with erect
and rather dense brownish black hairs. Abdomen metallic green, with black
hair. Hypopygium small, black, with only the base of the filament exposed.
Pleure shining black, metallic blue-green anteriorly, dusted with white poste-
riorly. Legs black, covered with black hairs; knees, fore and middle tibie and
all the tarsi yellow. Fore metatarsi thickened, nearly as long as the remaining
tarsal joints taken together. Middle legs plain. Hind femora on the inner infe-
rior side with two slender finger-like processes, with an emargination between
them ; hind tibiz on the inner side with a stout subapical scoop-shaped process,
truncated and flattened at the extremity; hind metatarsi incrassate, somewhat
concave on the plantar side, and bearing on the outer side a prominent pointed
projection tipped with two small black spines. Halteres black. Wings tinged
with brown, yellowish anteriorly; veins yellow; stigma fuscous, slender and
inconspicuous; anterior branch of the third vein short, rectangular.
Female.—Color, especially of the abdomen, more metallic blue. Face shining
metallic blue. Middle femora below, hind femora above and below, and the four
posterior tibize on their inner and outer sides, with thick-set rows of black seale-
like hairs. Middle and hind tibize grooved on the outer side. Fore metatarsi
incrassate, as in the male, hind metatarsi less thickened, and the legs wholly
without the peculiar processes of the male. Stigma of the wings obsolete. 4-5 mm.

Guerrero, Mexico (Smith),

Lamprempi: diaphorina Osten Sacken.
Biol. Cent. Am., Dipt. cera p. 215.

Female.—Antenne black; third joint elongate, about as long as the first two
united, with a short style. Occiput hoary, beset with black pile; front metallic
green. Thorax metallic green, shining, with a vestige of three pollinose stripes
on the dorsum, the latter sparsely beset with long, erect, black pile; meso- and
sternopleura shining, metallic green ; pteropleura black, slightly hoary ; the fan-
like row of bristles black; halteres black; metanotum slightly pulverulent.
Abdomen metallic bluish, greenish at the base. Legs brownish yellow, the tips
of the tarsi brown; the first pair beset with moderately long, delicate hairs, their
first tarsal joint long, swollen ; on the middle pair the hairs are shorter and more
dense, fringe-like, especially on the underside of the femora; the hind tibiz are
broad and flattened, and bear on each side a fringe of long, stout, almost scale-
like hairs; similar fringes on the hind femora, but less conspicuous; coxze black :
trochanters brown. Wings with a pale brownish yellow tinge toward the root of
the anterior margin; stigina hardly visible; hind margin grayish; the branch
of the third vein nearly perpendicular; the first vein issuing from the discal cell
turning anteriorly before its end; the first and second veins reach the margin,
but are very thin and evanescent before it. Length about 4 mm.

Ciudad in Durango, Mexico.

Lamprempis benigna Osten Sacken.
Biol. Cent. Am., Dipt. Sasol ate p. 215.

Male and Female.— Antenne black; third joint a little shorter than the preced-

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (36) AUGUST, 1902.

282 A. L. MELANDER.

ing two joints united, the division or suture occupying two-thirds its length and
very distinct, the style short and stout. Face and front very dark metallic, shin-
ing, almost black. Thorax metallic green, shining, beset with long, erect, black
pile; pleura metallic green, shining anteriorly, black, slightly hoary posteriorly ;
halteres and the fan-like bristles in front of them black. Abdomen metallic
green (male), or metallic blue, green at the base (female); male genitals black.
Legs black, the last pair of coxe slightly pulverulent at the base, the knees
slightly brownish yellow, the tarsi brown and with their first joint but slightly
incrassate ; in the male beset with long, soft, blackish hairs, the tip of the hind
tibiz bearing on the underside a small brush of very short, stiff bristles (which
produces the appearance of an incrassation), and the yellowish brown first joint
of the hind tarsi having on the underside a similar brush of bristles at the base,
followed by a distinct emargination; in the female the middle femora on the
underside, the middle tibizw, and the hind femora and tibie on both sides, beset
with fringes of long scale-like hairs, the hind tibize broadened, and with a groove
on the outside. Wings of the male subhyaline, with a slight yellowish tinge in
the subcostal cell, especially in the stigma; in the female this yellow tinge is
more extended and occupies the whole antero-proximal half; venation as in
E. diaphorina.
Mexico,
EMPIS Linnaeus.

Species of three to nine mm. in length (an undescribed female of
uncertain provenience, probably Yucatan, measures ten mm.), often
nearly glabrous, sometimes covered with long hairs, of black, gray or
yellowish body color more or less completely concealed beneath a
coating of grayish pollen, often with the legs peculiarly ornamented,
the males with processes or swellings, the females sometimes with
seale-like hairs. Antenne generally longer than the head, the
second joint shorter than the others except very rarely, the first two
joints more or less cylindrical, the third compressed, lengthened,
with a short, bristle-like terminal style. Proboscis at least as long
as the head, frequently longer, stout, adapted for piercing, the
labella of variable length. Eyes of the male separated or contigu-
ous, of the female always separated. Thorax large, generally
vittate, the darker vitte generally in pairs; abdomen long, in the
male generally narrow and with large genitalia of peculiar and
variable form, consisting of two paired valves and a central fila-
ment, in the female generally flattened at the base and pointed
apically, ending in two small narrow lamellz. Sometimes the male
venter is armed with processes near the tip and much distorted.
Legs generally slender, more or less hairy and bristly, more promi-
nently so in the male than in the female, the hind ones longest,
often compressed and then generally ciliate with scales or hairs

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 283

along the edges; hind legs of the male frequently armed at the
knees or trochanters; fore metatarsi of the males sometimes en-
larged. Wings generally narrow, with the front and hind margin
more or less parallel, the discal cell always present, emitting three
simple veins to the wing margin; third vein always furcate; anal
cell shorter than the second basal, both bounded by a vein nearly
parallel with the hind margin of the wing; anal angle prominent,
but rarely projecting.

Several attempts have already been made to divide this complex
genus into groups of species. Dr. Loew in a series of papers in the
Berliner Entomologischer Zeitschrift, vol. xi-xiii, has grouped the
European species about a few typical forms, and the same may be
done with more or less completéness in the case of the American
species. The genus Enoplempis, erected by M. Bigot* for those
species of Empis, the males of which have armed hind knees, fell in
Mr. Coquillett’s Revision. His reasons for the abandonment of the
genus were that it was established on characters found in the male
sex only, and that the females were indistinguishable from typical
Empis. Although this may not be a sufficient reason for the disso-
lution of a genus; for example, witness those dolichopodid genera
founded on male characters alone, such as Polymedon, which are
considered valid, yet Enoplempis is not here reinstated with generic
value, as it merges with other Empis through the species nodipes on
the one side and teres on the other.

The subgenus Lamprempis + deserves a better fate, for as yet, it
is very exclusive and probably will always remain so. Its distine-
tive character, a color difference, it is true, is yet so deep seated
that it can be regarded as morphological. Intergrades between the
yellows and blacks of Hmpis are common, but an intergrade be-
tween the metallic blue of this group and the ordinary color of
Empis would be difficult to conceive of, and hence, especially as the
species all present a similar facies which is quite different from that
of the rest of the group, we feel justified in raising Lamprempis to
the rank of a genus.

Empimorpha, founded by Mr. Coquillett on Empis barbata Loew,
has been allowed to remain as a distinct genus, although its rela-
tionships with the group Aldrichii of Empis are quite evident.

* Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1880, p. 47.
+ Wheeler et Melander, Biol. Cent. Am., Nov., 1901, p. 366.

TRANS, AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902.

284 A. L. MELANDER.

The species E. sociabilis Williston* (synonym Rhamphomyia
abdita Coquillett) is not included in the table as it is a true Rham-
phomyia, and was originally given as Empis only through a typo-
graphical error.

Two of Walker’s species, agasthus} and reciprocat have been
dropped, and, likewise, Loew’s poplitea has been omitted from the
table on accoumt of insufficient characterization.

In attempting to place species with the aid of the following table,
too much reliance must not be placed on the wording, as this genus,
and indeed the whole family as well, is in a state of extreme “ mor-
phological restlessness.”” The instability of the species manifests
itself often in the coloration, often in the cheetotaxy. Stress is laid
in the key on the number of scutellar and metapleural bristles, but
this character is variable and often misleading, so that only within
certain limits can it be accepted. Moreover, greasy, immature, or
rubbed specimens may often lead one astray; thus it is only after a
comparative knowledge of a number of forms that a determination
may be relied upon.

More or less yellow species, 7.e., pleuree largely yeliow, thoracic dorsum at on

partly yellow along ene SUC OBihereiterasstel stavaiccs baste celtic arene siay tates teeastateto neat
Black, gray, or brown species; pleure never yellow........-.+.+-sse+eeeeee # /
2. Occiput black, more or less cinereous dusted. ..--..-+.+eeeeseeee cree erenee
OCC Ut yell Owe ee terel kerala a lets let = tel-lolel Pe tetetel ete tettate/ set-top ae reteta tate eter i
3. Thorax and abdomen unicolorous, red ........ 2020-000 se eecne acca nsscence 4,
Thorax and abdomen more or less vittate with blackish ............-+-+.+. 5.
4, Stigma distinct; anterior branch of the third vein perpendicular; body with
no black bristles.......- -- sos) a0) sais rubida Wheeler et Melander.

Stigma wanting; second submarginal cell acute ; body with black bristles.
rufescens Loew.
. Halteres blackish; thorax with a longitudinal black stripe.
leptogastra Loew.

ol

Halteres whitish Or PEC GISh «006 s%e. 0 oie) e classe) ain tanatelolednielsteimtaia ata isisfele ieee aires 6.
6. Dorsum of thorax evenly blackish; antenne black .............+esseeeaee las
Dorsum of the thorax with darker vittee. 0.00. 650s set cscs ccccisenesanne 10.

1

. Sides of the thorax and venter with long yellow pile.
laniventris Escholtz.

Not yellow PIlOSE. .- eee eee cece ree ence e ree eee ee rower er es cenecressveces 8.
8. Tibi apically blackish ..........--+.+-sseseeeeeeee loripedis Coquillett.
Tibiee yellow....----- ee eee cee cece cee ufo, a. wre ol ah etalwiatalastelaieyd als fevelerstoresVahets 5 9.
9. Abdomen opaque ...-.0.seeecscen coecere cet sneacanreams amytis Walker.
IAM OMENS HNN TNS arate) orm oy eal ofel elena oleh el stereo det vole te leet ae tettat -gladiator sp. nov.

* Kans. Univ. Quart., vol. ii, p. 76.
+ List of Dipt. Ins, iii, p. 496.
{ Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., N. Ser., iv, p. 147.

NOME Ors sat ryval iba te telete) sta! sie/elelole/eic\isl aie) sre ie(a)aio'e levels s)sjete « tridentata Coquillett.
MOMs Ka OLAETI VAL Er sie a raeve colisie er 0is oreilelaiel en sle/elevs ielore Wlctehalerem Bice eleleldietw.o. © savevere iil
NeePA DLO ne TIME UT Ee lnvalls]1C Koteate ter etayratelsvelarefers) ollie! iacavsleletal(el etsie) sy eteleraleeretaVelecte)es+/ale/s\/sic 12.
FDA OMIENN AE OliysyElll Oetered=\eleiolole:-!0)«)) he ctslo/o ice +1se\ ae s)ale o)e\ole sjele wielelejeb layer 16.
EPEAT DEIN) Seah bd 142. Kesensctebaversycareseiles 5) sis]’e) 3 01/6:10)ase; 0) oI'syosavaxa el aia) ererera:a\ei/eaieveyerey aieg s¥elatowe “eGo. 6 13.
FAME OMIM ITSCOUSTA TED ASOy a) aheLateiel chet ccticiavevc¥sieysysterel sieve ierecle wre siehekelelsleiohale (a5 avers 15.
LSE SMM Sa DA OMEeMMT PATH ViOllLO Wialeie\s\e's\e/<)«.olsleieve\s-et-Ve:-/a)e) +) <1s}0)/<e ae) el-t«/sieleeis 14,
EMCO STUNT Miva eR Ker otey elietatotersiel «icllorn|(al= o]el/a(ela|oictedarsiciaialafeln siete ollius Walker.
A pela nO tie ina Mts Tee LAC ke teyeh orate leis ctiove! eye, enielie al et snevels ele loripedis Coquillett.
Pipiad Mind) tibimy yellowish 01.0. 0. se sessiene aeons gladiator sp. nov.
LD een RO teste reNO NAMIC Kage) atepe/evekerter-olisyeteke ii/ah-Haileyelelels lateness) lens eudamidas Walker. °
Tip of hind femora concolorous with rest, reddish....... abeirus Walker.
16. Base of abdominal segments fuscous, rest yellow-.......-- sordida Loew.
Tip of abdominal segments blackish, rest yellowish...... longipes Loew.
Whole insect yellow -.--5-060.5.00.-500- female of huumile Coquillett (?)
17. Cross-veins bordered with brown...........++++++-- peeciloptera Loew.
CLOSSSVEINSINO GIDOTE ELOG| siciarsarclarcintensiais oyacsiave o/siesaSiatnicl eerevalor ta elena stele Ceions 18.
18. Thorax with five vitte ; hind femora fuscous above--.--...++- mira Bigot.
Thorax not vittate; femora not darkened above .......--.+.ceesecereecss 19:
19. Abdomen yellow, with rather long yellow pile ...........- pallida Loew.
Abdomen fuscous, with short black hairs............+...6. sir edsnaretensbeleere 20.
20, Antenne yellow basally ; thorax opaque....-..--...eee0- armipes Loew.
Antenne black; thorax shining ..............2+s-000- colonica Walker.
21. Pile of thorax and at base of abdomen in part pale .......-...---++-++-- 22.
EMlepwtiallllsya blac sorspeustereyapa recto hetetay er si-sah- atohagsipisie afene tess otaialcratclia sisiaiepsre i eve cteieteler- 31.
PD SNE CIC SOLMORININ Mu eleledsteveletateloieers ce) tteie) colelea\erer cio ivelate rey aiotelaterol-teveitetetsteret ate ce 23.
WAT RSIS PECIES (ON = (MIME oletsekevel jerctonckelols) syatoyelisheys fees iol ataie oh atalal eusietetotsel als) « 95.
23. Stigma dark fuscous; antenne black ...........-..eeeeceees Obesa Loew.
Stigma wanting; antenne reddish at base.......-+..-eeese. cece cteeeces 24.
24. Abdomen more or less yellow....-..-+..+.+s-ee5 sees compta Coquillett.
A GOME TOW Olive DIAC Kerr eletsarellaevel excl ole oie ir-ile) slefole) orotate lal si «t= varipes Loew.
25. Knob of halteres black; abdomen largely shining .........+.-++.++++-+- 26.
Haltereskye Lowi ad OMEN OPAGte -f6)~ 101s -ayslae 10) sya. 2h0) 216) ofosein) 6 faVs101s | «)n/6 a) ofeinie) 27.
26. Mesonotal hairs white ..............+-+se-ee- -++--COmantis Coquillett.
Mesonotall hairsblack....- 0.0. 00<.s0:scecssce brachystoma Coquillett.
27. Scutellum with 6 to 8 bristles; antennez black....... -ravida Coquillett.
Scutellum with fewer bristles; antennz red hasally...........--+2..+--- 28.
28. Dorsum of abdomen brown pollinose; scutellum with two bristles; legs of
female ciliate, with short black scales........... captus Coquillett.
Scutellum with 4 bristles; legs not feathered .........-.eeeseee cree eee 29.
29. Pile of body luteous....-..-.. sss ceee ree cceserenes Aldrichii sp. nov.
rlevota bOdhyavy ibe weserers ore letelo) she b ote to iets) ¢cinvele ale %a\-i2io. «cia. o\ateseiatefetnic sete Stake cjekes 30.
30. Stigma brown, wings gray; Giionien blue-gray pollinose.

+ 31,

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 285

avida Coquillett.

Stigma wanting, wings whitish; abdomen brown-pollinose.
leevicula Coquillett.
Fourth vein incomplete; thorax evyittate; eyes of male contiguous (of the
' known males) mi av al slate ttle eienehalaval evel sisCohslal ol ol tie\’ohe tevsreunliais etenc ce saysuel evel ey ayenerayely 32.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902.

286 A. L. MELANDER.

32.

33.

34,

35.

36.

37.

- 38.

39.

40.

41.

43.

44,

45,

46.

47.

Fourth vein reaching the margin of the wing; thorax almost always con-
spicuously vittate; eyes of the males separated (as far as known with

VOL OW. OXGE PLOTS) fete eles elel stele abeieloheleiolotel <teleteretheretetey ated fetete eyed 39.
Wings spotted with brown, anterior branch of the third vein perpendicu-
LATepavayeuctavensi cVevevsvererelcreveliorealeteystevoneiarcrshatclctorstolcietetarctevolcictsieiekeletohel ta tetetier tote oe
Wings unspotted, first submarginal cell open ...-.-...- eee eee eee ee rene 34,

First submarginal celi generally closed ; fourth vein not forked.
elausa Coquillett.
First submarginal cell open; the shortened fourth vein furcate.
spiloptera Wiedemann.
Third antennal joint five times as long as wide, style minute.
triangula Coquillett.

Thirt joint shorter, style comparatively longer. ....-.+++-.+++e++eeeseee: 35.
Second submarginal cell wider than the first posterior cell..distans Loew.
Second submarginal cell subequal in width to the first posterior.......... 36.
IWIN ES GAT eNO Wider etcroteoyeuslavel tore! one ovelo ate cate take loka eteioreret tel omeeeretehehetaelaicleratetet eta Sce
Wings but little infumated............... sw eilelialc tee Pate se te IAAI Slee oteteaie ete oe nerene 38.

Knob of halteres yellowish above; eastern species.........labiata Loew.
Halteres black, with paler pedicel ; Mexican species...totipennis Bellardi.
Joints of the male front tarsi globose and provided with long hairs.
asema sp. nov.
Joints of the tarsi slender, not long-hairy.
dolorosa Wheeler et Melander.

Legs, at least femora, nearly black or wholly black .......-.+-.-.+.-++-- 40.
Legs, at least in large part, yellowish or reddish -...-.-...-+.+++-++s-eee- 5D.
Abd Gmentwihollllrya lH ketetetsiareteker cre hetetetalerstoketelat tet kite t-te as Meteora Pee eee Gree 41,

Abdomen yellow at the base; legs of female feathered.
pegasus Osten Sacken.

Knob of halteresypal ees eter-oyereteeioelaietelelnim) a! o tote eiefosete etehey=foleh tienes aleteyeietetel 42.
Knobioftihalteres'at least.ntuscated «os «sesso eee eee aie eee eee 49.
. Eyes of male contiguous; thorax wholly shining........ lzevigata Loew.
Eyes of male separated ; thorax vittate¥...-. 1-1. eee ee eee ete ee eee eee 43.
Venter of male with a subapical process; legs simple; thorax and abdomen
SOMO WAG SAMA Pe fo lef lesoteye ra oye lerele felelu love otayatsi vere foteteaayer steletatetertat ot tetera tel 44,
Abdomen of male simple; male hind legs with processes; thorax opaque....47.
Ventral process of fifth abdominal segment of male with long hairs...... 45.
Ventral process with short or no hairs ...-.-------se esse ee ree etree eeeee 46.
Mesonotum with three shining vitte; scutellum with four bristles.

pellucida Coquillett.
Mesonotum evittate ; scutellum with six or more bristles.
fumida Coquillett.
Ventral process with short hairs ; central filament hidden.
virgata Coquillett.
Ventral process devoid of bristles; central filament exposed.
infumata Coquillett.
Outer process of hind tibiz of male simple; middle legs not tipped with
MALLY SPUTS- 2. eee cere ce cece crew eee e eect reece e tte steer cenes 48. :
Outer process of male hind knees large, pronged; middle tibize tipped by a
Circle Of SPUTS.-..+....seseesceceness serperastrorum sp. noy.

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 287

Abdomen largely shining black.......-.-.++--+0+++00e- podagra sp. noy.
Abdomen wholly opaque pollinose .----+--+-+++++eeeseee- zveripes sp. noy.
Wings subhiyaline »...6. 5-00. .e ccc w ence cree nee rene ete tees swe n reine 50.
Wings dark, at least apically ....-.- BU SIAN ae Riots ty cretaraverat | Siete dustalavdsnspetaters 53.
Thorax with three gray vitte; veins strong-..---.----- ecormus Walker.
Thorax black; veins weak......+-2se+essceee sees tree tee c sees te eeeeee 51.
PRairsiity lev kertaeetera otkel ct cietets) oistaley<iahelel elstcls)eier< xochitl Wheeler et Melander.
Tarsi strongly annulate........eeeee cere ee eee cece eee ete ete e tenet tees 52.
Front metatarsi enlarged ; second antennal joint large, yellow.

atrifemur Wheeler et Melander.
Front metatarsi slender; second antennal joint small, dark.
annulipes Wheeler et Melander.

Scubellumiawath tours bristl Gs sterelstersteterstetcieteteleietitstat <teleleteteterele\ el/alerelelele «feel =fnla/-1 2 54,
Scutellum with about twenty bristles....---+--+--+++++--- luctuosa Kirby.
Wings pale at base, reddish apically ; filament of hypopygium black at base.

bicolor Bellardi.
Wings dark brown; filament red...-montezuma Wheeler et Melander.

55. Abdomen conspicuously shining. ..-...-++-seee cess eee cee cece eee ee eee 56.
Abdomen pollinose, opaque... +--+ .+ee sees eect eee ee ete e reece serene 62.
56. Scutellum with two bristles; thorax distinctly quadrivittate -..-....---- Dis
Scutellum with four bristles; lateral vittee indistinct...-.-..-.+-+++.++-- 60.
57. Hind knees simple; hind margin of the abdominal segments narrowly cine-
MOUS roe aera teleten siotial elia el el oh cfal'oh sttctslialiei state (eli feflatleteliclaLaJolemey =afellot nuda Loew.
Hind knees armed in the male; abdomen without cinereous fasciz ..---. 58.

58. Front tibiz apically, and front metatarsi wholly brown.
loripedis Coquillett.
Legs almost wholly yellow......--+seseee cece cence etree eee e ete ee reeee 59.
59. Humeri yellow....-..-..-- eee (ateusteteieiis steaanier ener cieretes gladiator sp. nov.
Humeri dusted with cinereous....-+.+-2++-seee sree arthriti¢a sp. nov.
60. Antennal style one-third as long as the third joint.-..-- otiosa Coquillett.
Antennal style one-half as long as the third joint .. -...-+++++++++-++-: 61.
61. Eyes of the male contiguous; abdomen of male deep velvet black at the base ;
abdomen of female shining black .-..-.------- Johnsoni sp. noy.
Eyes of male separated ; abdomen of male shining black over all (female ab-
domen largely yellow)..--.-.++++s+eeseeeeeees humiile Coquillett.
62. Abdomen yellow at base... -++--+e eee eee eee ee ceeeceees tersa Coquillett.
Abdomen black or brown above ----+++-+++++ss++0-% RE aroroto eve clove javeletnisl atcine 63.
63. Antenne short, reddish at base-...-+-++++ «+eeees tenebrosa Coquillett.
Antenne black, or with base at most fuscous ...-++-s+++ seers e rece eeeee 64.
64. Halteres black; male legs armed, the inner projection of their hind tibiz

65.

with a terminal spur-like brush; upper hypopygial lamelle project-
ing; tips of femora, tibie and all of tarsi black; a dense bunch of hair

in front of the halteres ....--.---+++++++s+0-> valentis Coquillett.
Without all.these characters....-....2ee eee ce cere ne ree etter eee re ee teees 65.
Anal vein not reaching the margin; legs slender; wings rather long, pure
Hyalime ...-- see eee eee eee eee ete cece rece e cree reece c eres eceees 66.
All the veins strong, fusCOUS.-.- +--+ -+e esse eee rere etre eee e reece ee eens 67.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902

288 A. L. MELANDER.

66.

Male legs with long hairs on outer part; abdomen of male with white pollen.
teres sp. nov.
Legs not plumose; abdomen dusted with gray....... brobatica sp. nov.

67. Not more than six long scutellar bristles; if otherwise, the thorax has four
broad: dark Drow Vitesse ve estes) eclsicue w)<1e ols aeretorssir wieeia el sie spe ous ue vale
Generally at least six long scutellar bristles; thorax generally not broadly
quadrivittate .----.2+. 56.5650. ae Sra ele core revesece ose a ravereteto teenie lotalaie tan tasvene 68,
68. Tarsi distinctly annulate.......-..--.- annulipes Wheeler et Melander.
EPArS iM LORMAPLML COLO Tlctetetsionelclsieie leteloiatakateleloisiatstoueioterele ent -tela ale) siete tac tele =i-tetea 69.
69. Abdomen of male with silvery pollen; legs densely hairy.
eseligena sp. nov.
Abdomen gray or brown pollinose ....--..0..-+e-csee ees cnscccscecsans 70:
70. Femora largely black, densely hairy but not spinose.
azteca Wheeler et Melander.
Femora reddish, spinose below...--..+-++ se+-+e-ee spectabilis Loew.
71. A long bristle present at the base of the costa ..-...... manea Coquillett.
No long costal bristle present. ...+.---+--++s-eee-seesees Saud Mevareyalte eugene 72.
OS INT ANG os ale telg ares 6 aie area oN el eta EAD oP eld mle chee Srey Stee een ncer cay shade nacre ce eee tee eaeeS yo
GIN BLES a ere areca nile: 5 a altelevelictare steal ave senaleionenstaterstenc’s chore iataveicie apetsteusteicisieleucieteterets 86.
ida luegs wholly suman ego siyry pol Oye = tetera ote alee dete leet eld felt otae tole solete tele ley falter ote 74.
Armament of legs variously modified... -.. 5-00.00 sceccssceverevcsccss 75.
74. 4mm.; femora and tibiz fuscous apically; central filament of hypopygium
hidden ; wings narrow ..--+.+-..+e-eeee eee -. Stenoptera Loew.
6 mm.; femora and tibiz reddish; central filament narrowly visible; wings
FLODEUGA lle vairotoie) chotste tel cee ieloiatetet ed eee) ate eleNetalatotstellet-tatainu-yeretey= enodis sp. nov.
75. Hind trochanters with black spines; hind margins of abdominal segments
gray -...-- eee eee eee tence nett ete nett erence eeeees rete Oe
Hind trochanterssunarmed.< cass c cess eciee once ceeteee seer eeer Ene a
76. Hind tibiz with short bristles ...........-..---.- ecacuminifer sp. nov.
Hind tibie with moderately long bristles........-..-...++--. nuda Loew.
77. Apex of hind femora and base of hind tibiz merely swollen, but with a few
stiff bristles on inner side -..-....-...-- see eee eee nodipes sp. nov.
Apex of hind femora and base of hind tibie provided with strong apophy-
SON aer a setae ie) eavouey obarepeborete ier chake Coione¥sttetaicleeKolisihersfelaaehodseteien-Teteusicisis Velaven elites tetene rs
78. The outer process of the hind tibiz large, bifurcate.
serperastrorumi sp. nov.
The outer process smaller, not furcate...-+.... esse cece eee ee eeee see 79.
79. Abdominal incisures fuscous; posterior tibize wholly darkened.
cinerea Bigot.
Abdominal incisures not differentiated. .........- 2s see e eee e eee e renee 80.
80. Inner side of hind femora with an apical longitudinal fringe of black bris-
TLESivorave lave che verelejevecolle epefevese Laveitaihepevexevie de oles mia tenetabeierete totes iausl aietoNelereb siesta ne 81.
We MOr sy swab Hn Oph whe eo jope t-te alee be Leo deel eet teehee eee ates 83.
Sia Scutellumiywathitour brist!essyeterccts i ctele erie rent terete atelier atl “tienes eestor 82.
Scutellum with about ten bristles -...--.-....+..+--++-- zeripes sp. nov.
82. Scutellum and parts of body yellow...-..-..-.....--.--. elauda Coquillett.
Wholly black, gray or brown pollinose....... ..-..- mixopolia sp. nov.
83. Legs slender, reddish ; fore metatarsi elongate ; occiput with but few hairs..85.

Legs short, thickened ; front metatarsi short; occiput densely bristly ...-84.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 289

84, Third vein furcate beyond the tip of the marginal cell.
dolabraria sp. nov.

Third vein fureate before the tip of the marginal cell.
dolabraria subsp. disconvenita.
85. Front metatarsi thickened, black ; hind tibize shaggy...Camaster sp. nov.
Front metatarsi slender, red; legs not shaggy..-.......-. faleata sp. noy.
86. Third antennal joint short and broad; second segment of abdomen with a
conspicuous fringe of long black bristles toward the sides; abdomen
brownish pollinose.......-....+..se--eseet secre gulosa Coquillett.
Third antennal joint long, slender; abdomen generally gray pollinose....87.
87. Slender species; dusted with whitish; wings narrow; base of the femora and

tibie paler'than the apex..................... stenoptera Loew.

OMOphESreeo wil OVI BEL OMe ca:-oncte ict or cis\/a\ter's' <7 allan ozelesass Caencvena. a ieteviovaveta/a nce iouckel etersracusiacets 88.

88. Species marked with yellow.....-.........--.e2--00.- elauda Coquillett.
Crown aecola raw Holly aol ae kapetete ore teetete ope bsietetoterelatel kevere tte tetevslorelel-lale ereleleteye)e) # le 89.

89. At most three bristles in front of the halteres; antenne comparatively long..90.
Several bristles in front of the halteres; antenne shorter................ 91.

90. Hind coxze with conspicuous hairs on their front side ....faleata sp. nov.
Hind coxe with but few apical hairs ..............0.eeeseee. nuda Loew.

91. Third vein furcate beyond the tip of the marginal cell, the posterior branch
ending before the apex of the wing; occiput densely bristly ...... 92:

Furcation of the third vein opposite or in advance of the tip of the marginal

cell, the posterior branch terminating at or beyond the wing tip...94,

92. Large gray-white species devoid of brownish pollen; third vein distinctly
arched forward so that the first submarginal cell is narrowed.

zeripes sp. nov.

Smaller species, in part brownish pollinose; third vein straight before its

UN CALDI OMe oleh Meola tsi aven Palen sfetoheVeraiat ster oialeter stelsrere veh -Pererere:laiet clei sfelstal yeti aiers 93.
OSV ILHUSIXIS CM LOL LAI OLISGIES|-larel=-telelorete-relaotetere ole cleteletes dolabraria sp. noy.
With four scutellar bristles................+-...--.. imixopolia sp. nov.

. 94. Legs glaucous; abdominal segments margined with gray posteriorly.

cacuminifer sp. nov.
Bessa hii va bdomen Uni COlOnOUsstyriselelsteleiiersiels lalel- iiss tactaiets e's) ei-/eieelele 95.
95. Vein between discal and fourth posterior cells much shorter than that be-
tween the fhird and fourth posterior cells..............eceseceees 96.
The two sections equal ........... dolabraria subsp. disconvenita.
96. Species of the Middle States; hind tibie straight, rather stout cylindrical ;

hind femora with numerous thorn-like bristles distally.
enodis sp. nov.
Species of the Western States; hind tibice distinctly bent near the knee; bris-
LES Ota GHeNAiA de LEM OAT OME Telersleralelatelisieleraiete) sieisielsieisejelels vrs einlelacelsin(e 97.
97. Coxee generally wholly black; abdomen brownish dusted ; middle tibiz fim-

briate apically with a few stiff black bristles.

serperastrorum sp. nov.
Coxe reddish apically ; abdomen slaty gray; middle tibiz not spurred with
terminal bristles ..........+-.sesssesereseeeees canaster sp. nov.

Empis annulipes Wheeler et Melander (Fig. 115),
Biol. Cent. Am., Dipt. Suppl., Nov., 1901, p. 369.
Female.—Black. Front and face dusted with white. Antenne black; the third

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (37) AUGUST, 1902.

290 A. L. MELANDER.

joint largely or wholly reddish yellow, about half as long as the first; third joint
tapering, about twice the length of the first two together; style very minute.
Proboscis reddish, about as long as the thorax. Thorax rather thickly gray
dusted, the dust modifying the ground color; mesonotum with four slender darker
stripes; pile and bristles black, the former abundant, erect; humeral and _ post-
alar callosities reddish. Scutellum with six bristles | Abdomen black, grayish
dusted, color very variable in different reflections. Legs reddish yellow; front
and hind tibize on the distal portion, middle tibiz at the tip, front metatarsi (ex-
cept the immediate base), and the tips of all the other tarsal joints dark brown
or black; front metatarsi elongate and thickened; all the tibia with rather
dense hairs on the outer side, but not ciliate. Wings uniformly light yellowish
brown; discal cell long. Halteres black, with yellow peduncles. 8-9 mm.

Guerrero, Mexico (Smith).

Tr
Empis améifemor Wheeler et Melander (Figs. 116, 117).
Biol. Cent. Am., Dipt. Suppl., 1901, p. 370.

This species, which is closely allied to E. annulipes, was estab-
lished on a single female specimen from Guerrero, Mexico. It
differs from annulipes thus; antenne shorter; the second joint com-
paratively long, of nearly the same size as the first joint; the first
and second joints of the antenne light yellow, but the first joint a
little the darker however; style more slender. Proboscis piceous.
Mesonotum apparently evittate. Femora black, the anterior ones
brownish towards the tip. Front metatarsi shorter and rather
thickened. The hairs of the legs are longer and denser, especially
on the hind pair.

Empis montezuma Wheeler et Melander (Fig. 114).
Biol. Cent. Am. Dipt. Suppl., Nov., 1901, p. 369.

Male.—Black, opaque, cinerascent. Eyes contiguous on the vertex. Proboscis
one and one-half times the length of the head. Antenne dark fuscous, first joint
short, with a few bristles near the apex, third joint wanting. Thorax black, cine-
rascent, with indications of a median and two side stripes showing black through
the coating, sparsely hairy on the disc, densely and strongly so on the humeri
and about the scutellum. Pleure and pectus concolorous with the mesonotum ;
abdomen shining in certain lights, velvet-black in others, fuscous on the venter
at the base. Halteres black. Hypopygium small, black; lamelle incrassate,
deeply emarginate, with loose dark hairs and small apical teeth; median style
densely, finely plumose; penis exposed, réddish. Legs black, the femora and the
base of the tibize with a reddish tinge; furnished with spines, hairs and pile, the
pile long and denser on the middle femora beneath near the base, the middle
tibize beneath near the tip, the posterior tibize on the outer edge, the first and
second tarsal joints and the hind metatarsi outwardly ; middle femora and tibiz
arched ; front metatarsi equal in length to the next two joints (in FE. bicolor the
metatarsi are longer). Wings uniformly dark fuliginous’; neuration as in £,
bicolor. 6.25 mm.

Jalisco, Mexico (Schumann).

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 291

Empis bicolor Bellardi (Figs. 112, 113).

Mem. della Reale Accad. d. Scienze di Torino, Ser. 2, vol. xxi, p. 198.

Female.—Black, cinereous. Eyes widely separated; front and face flat, black,
cinereous, dorsum of the thorax with two obsolete vittee, pilose; pile sparse,
black, stiff; pleuree and pectus concolorous with the thorax; halteres black, at
the base fuscous. Abdomen depressed, black, cinerascent and black-pilose. Legs
wholly jet black, black tomentose, spinose, and pilose, the tomentum, spines and
hairs denser and longer on the inner and outer sides, but not arranged as regular
cilia. Wings rounded at the apex, uniformly and rather strongly fuliginous, sub-
hyaline at the extreme base, flavescent. 5 mm.

Cuantla, Mexico (Saussure). Numerous specimens. Guerrero.

The male has the middle metatarsus very short, in the female the
tarsal joints are slender and gradually decreasing in length. The
male differs thus: eyes contiguous above ; face more gray, narrower,
though its sides are still parallel; hypopygium slightly ascending,
not large, the reddish yellow filament rather strongly recurved,
black outwardly, and with tip concealed. Bristles on the legs
longer and denser, disposed in patches as in montezuma. Middle
metatarsi but little more than one-half the length of the following
joint ; wings uniformly clear, with a flavescent tinge, nerves weak.

It may be thought that E. montezuma Wheeler et Melander is a
variety of this species. It is indeed closely related. Here, also,
the middle metatarsi are short, though they are subequal to the
next joint, but the dark broader wings and lighter color of the legs
and hypopygium distinguish the form from bicolor. None of the
ten specimens of bicolor examined shows any deviation from the
opaque jet black of the legs and body. Moreover, the hypopygial
filament of montezuma is less recurved and wholly reddish; the
diseai cell of the wings is deeper, while the outer cross vein is
strongly bent and perpendicular to the sixth vein; and the sub-
marginal cell is much shorter, more nearly equilateral.

Empis azteca Wheeler et Melander (Fig. 119).
Biol. Cent. Am., Dipt. Suppl., Nov., 1901, p. 369.

Female.—Black. Head thickly grayish-pollinose, the ocellar spot in some re-
flections showing black. Face shining black below, gray-pollinose below the an-
tenne. Antenne black, longer than the head ; third joint gently tapering, as
long as the first; style minute. Proboscis and labella reddish yellow, black at
the base, altogether about as long as the thorax. Thorax opaque gray, variable
in color in different reflections; pile erect, black; margin of the scutellum with
a row of long hairs. Legs yellow, with black hairs; femora, except the tip,
black ; last joint of all the tarsi brown or black. Wings uniformly yellowish
brown ; anterior branch of the third vein very short, rectangular; fourth vein

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902.

292 A. L. MELANDER.

arched back, distant from the third at the tip; penultimate section of the fifth
vein unusually short, not twice the length of the anterior cross-vein ; discal cell
small. Halteres black, with yellow peduncles. Abdomen thickly gray-pollinose,
the second and third segments wholly shining black. Front metatarsi dilated
and darker than the second to the fourth tarsal joints. 6 mm.

Guerrero, Mexico (Smith).

Em is pegasus Osten Sacken.
Biol. Cent. Am., Dipt. fh p. 216.

Female.—Black; front moderately broad, opaque; face shining. Antenne
black; third joint not longer than the first, triangular, slightly excised on the
underside, the arista as long, ora little longer. Thorax black, with a trace of
three grayish stripes. Abdomen with the four basal segments ochraceous yellow,
opaque, shining on the incisures only; the last segments black, shining. Legs
dark brown or black; femora, tibiz and tarsi beset with broad fringes of scale-
like hairs (on the anterior femora alone the fringes are replaced by hairs) ; the
four hinder femora and the tibiz distinctly flattened. Wings with a uniform
brown tinge; the branch of the third vein slightly oblique. 7 mm.

Volean de Chirique, Panama, Central America.

Empis xochitl Wheeler et Melander (Fig. 118).
Biol. Cent. Am., Dipt. Suppl., Nov. 1901, p. 370.

Female.—Robust, dull, opaque-black throughout, the only lighter portions being
the piceous proboscis, the base of the halteres and the subhyaline wings. Front
of uniform moderate breadth. First antennal joint short, second still shorter,
the third slightly longer than the other two together; arista forming a continu-
ation of the third joint, stout. Proboscis twice as long as the eye-height. Mar-
gin of the first abdominal segment fringed with black bristles, which are stronger
laterally. Legs not ciliated, though the longer hairs are serially arranged on the
underside of the femora and on the inner and outer sides of the tibie; front
metatarsi slightly compressed. Wings almost hyaline; no stigmal spot; anterior
branch of the third vein obliquely disposed ; anal vein attaining the margin. 4
to 5 mm.

Guerrero, Mexico (Smith).

Empis totipennis Bellardi.

Mem. d. Reale Accad. d. Scienze d. Torino, Ser. 2, vol. xxi, p. 199.

Female.—Black cinereous. Antenne black. Proboscis equal to the head and
thorax together. Halteres black, paler towards the base. Legs black-brown ;
front femora more or less ciliated on the inside; middle and hind femora and all
the tibie on the inner and outer sides with long, regular cilia; all the tarsi
tomentose and spinose, not ciliated. Wings wholly fuliginous, the duskiness
darker at the stigma; first submarginal vein arcuate, subsinuose; first posterior
vein not reaching the margin of the wing. 5 mm.

Morelia, Mexico (Saussure).
Empis spiloptera Wiedemann.

Empis spiloptera Wiedemann, Auss. Zw., ii, 5, 10.
Empis picta Loew, Cent. iii, 28.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 293

Male.—Head black, occiput cinerascent. Eyes contiguous along the front.
Antenne black, moderate, third joint acuminate, the terminal style rather long.
Palpi black. Proboscis badious, exceeding twice the length of the head, labium
deeply bipartite. Thorax and scutellum black cinereous, black-pilose. Abdo-
men dark brown, moderately shining, black-pilose; hypopygium rather large,
subglobose, closed, the upper lamelle short, dark badious, the central filament
hidden. Cox piceous. Femora pale testaccous, at the very apex spotted with
a black dot; the anterior tibie testaceous at base, piceous towards apex; hind
tibize piceous, the base, however, testaceous; tarsi piceous, the very base of each
joint testaceous; the whole of the legs clothed with long black hair. Knob of
halteres infuscated. Wings pale fuscous, the veins a little more dusky fuscous,
the apex of the second longitudinal vein recurved, the anterior branch of the
third vein ascending perpendicularly, the fourth vein abbreviated and furcate by
an adventitious branch below before the apex; stigma oval, fuscous ; the cross-
veins, the adventitious branch of the fourth vein, and the costa between the
branches of the third vein bordered with fuscous; discal cell broad. 4.2 mm.

Mexico.

Empis clausa Coquillett (Fig. 129).
Proce. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 401.

Male.—Head black, subshining, eyes contiguous, upper facets larger than the
lower ones; antenne black, the third joint quite short, rather broad at the base ;
style two-thirds as long as the third joint; proboscis two and one-half to four
times as long as the height of the head, palpi brown. Thorax, pleura and scu-
tellum black, opaque, gray pollinose, pile in front of the halteres black ; scutel-
lum bearing two bristles. Abdomen black, subshining, towards the base more or
less tinged with yellow, its pile black; hypopygium very small, porrect; fila-
ment slender, yellow, hidden, except on the basal half. Legs slender, simple,
the middle and hind femora and all the tibiz furnished with much very long
black pile ; coxze yellow, the hind ones brown; femora yellow, the hind ones, ex-
cept at base, blackish; tibize and tarsi blackish, extreme base of each tibia yel-
lowish; hind tibiz greatly dilated towards the tip, bowing inwardly at the mid-
dle; front metatarsi nearly twice as thick as the middle ones, hind metatarsi
nearly as thick and slightly longer than the front ones. Knob of halteres black-
ish. Wings hyaline. stigma and a front border to the anterior branch of the third
vein and on the small and posterior cross-veins dark brown ; veins brown, fourth
vein obliterated before reaching the wing margin, anterior branch of the third
vein usually ending in the second vein, closing the first submarginal cell; con-
tact of discal and fourth posterior cells much longer than that of the third and
fourth posterior cells.

Female.—Differs from the male in that the legs are wholly brown, compressed,
and that the upper and under sides of all the femora, outer and inner sides of all
the tibia, and the upper sides of the front and hind metatarsi ciliate with long,
nearly erect scales. Base of abdomen never winged with yellow. 4 mm.

Illinois (Robertson ).

This species is common throughout the western part of the
United States.

At first reading this may seem to be the same as E. spiloptera,

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902.

294 A. L. MELANDER.

but it is quite different, as Mr. S. W. Henshaw tells me, in the
coloration and venation; although these two characters are capable
of great variation in this species.

Empis asema sp. nov. (Fig. 130).

Male and Female. Length 4 mm.—Black, gray pollinose, somewhat shining.
Head small, occiput gray pollinose, black-bristly ; eyes broadly contiguous in the
male, and widely separated in the female, facets large above, small below (male),
and uniform (female) ; antennz moderate, slender, black, first joint rather short,
the second joint as long as the first, third joint one and one-half times the length
of the first two, broad at the base, suddenly narrowed to mid-way its length, then
nearly uniform to the tip, arista three-fourths the length of the third joint; pro-
boscis black, slender, over twice as long as the height of the head; palpi small,
slender, black. Thorax shining, sparsely gray-coated, disc with several short
‘black bristles and margined with a few longer ones, scutellum with two apical
bristles; pleure less shining, and more closely pollinose, the row of black bris-
tles in front of the halteres consisting of about seven. Abdomen subshining,
gray pollinose, a little darker than the thoracic notum, rather long and slender,
cylindrical in the male, and short, depressed in the female, not conspicuously
bristly, its few hairs black ; hypopygium closed, subeompressed, small, with several
short black hairs, filament yellow, exposed at the base, not thick. Legs short,
robust, of the male the coxee have small bunches of fine black hairs on the ante-
rior side, the femora and tibiew are regularly ciliate, with long slender black hairs
beneath, otherwise hairy, and with a few black slender bristles on the upper side
of the middle and hind tibiz and tarsi; the front metatarsi flattened, broad,
nearly as long as the remainder of the tarsus, the next three joints of the front
tarsi globose, densely black-bristly, the last joint slender, short, flattened ; mid-
dle legs slender; hind legs rather stout, the metatarsi stout, three times as thick
and one-half again as long as the middle ones. Of the female the coxal hairs,
those of the under side of the front femora, of both edges of the other femora
and of both edges of all the tibize assume a flattened scale-like character, much
pronounced on the posterior legs; tarsi slender, hind metatarsi but little thicker
than the middle ones. Halteres infuscated. Wings hyaline, distinctly infuma-
ted, broad, rounded, basal cells short, the fourth vein not reaching the margin,
anterior branch of the third vein slightly curved, obliquely ascending, outer edge
of the discal cell deeply angulate, a distinct bristle present at the base of the
costa.

One male, three females. May; Austin, Texas.

Empis labiata Loew.
Cent. i, 33.

Male.—Eyes contiguous. Proboscis long, slender; labium very slender, the
labelle filiform, equal to the stipes. Palpi yellow. Antenne black. Thorax
cinerascent with sparse pollen, moderately shining. Hypopygium moderate,
porrect, black; the lower lamelle incurved, with short pubescence and paler
towards the apex. Legs black or dark brown, long, slender, with black pile and
bristles, all the metatarsi lengthened. Halteres fuscous or blackish, the knob
pale above. Wings brownish black, the stigma and veins more dusky; the third

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 295

longitudinal vein thick, reaching the margin a little before the extreme apex of
the wing, its anterior branch ascending straight to the margin; the fourth vein
incomplete,

Female.—The apex of the wing broader than in the male, the third longitudi-
nal vein extending further past the apex of the wing; the discal cell a little
larger; the legs with short pile, but the posterior femora and tibize with scales
on both sides. 3 mm. or larger.

District of Columbia (Osten Sacken).

Ds Empis distanms Loew (Fig. 127).
Cent. viii, 54,

Female.—Black. Antenne black, slender, rather long. Proboscis black,
labrum testaceous towards the apex, reaching the middle coxe, labelle linear,
Thorax blackish gray, opaque, provided with faint black vitte and sparse black
pile; the pile in front of the halteres long, black, Abdomen purer black, shin-
ing, with very short black pile. Legs slender, almost black; anterior tibiz, ex-
cept the base, and the,middle and hind femora on both sides pennate, the middle
and hind tibie above likewise pennate, below ciliate with ordinary, very short
hairs. Halteres dusky yellow, almost fuscous. Wings blackish, the costal and
marginal cells darker, veins black; the third longitudinal vein thicker than the
others, far distant from the costa, to which it sends an almost perpendicular
branch, so that the second submarginal cell forms an equilateral triangle; discal
cell rather large; the fourth longitudinal becoming more slender from the base
of the discal cell, and slightly reflexed towards the tip. 3.3 mm.

Georgia (Poeppig, Berlin Museum), Numerous specimens from
Connecticut and Louisiana.

The male has a small gaping hypopygium which is higher than
the abdomen, central filament slender, bowed, the tip concealed,
middle lamelle rather large, the right one terminated by a peculiar
downward-hanging membranous appendage, upper lamelle inflexed.
Legs not pennate, but sparsely bristly, the bristles becoming long on
the outer edge of the hind tibiz, middle metatarsi as long as their
tibize, tarsi not spinose below.

Empis dolorosa Wheeler et Melander (Fig. 128).
Biol. Cent. Am., Dipt. Suppl., Novy., 1901, p. 370.

Male.—Black. Eyes closely contiguous, with an acute angular emargination
on each side of the face above. Face shining black, Antenne black, about as
long as the head; second joint more than half the length of the first; third joint
longer than the first two together, narrowed on the distal half or more; style
slender, about half as long as the third joint. Proboscis black, as long as the
head and thorax together. Mesonotum very slightly dusted with white, shin-
ing; hair and bristles not abundant, black. Pleure whitish-pollinose. Four
anterior femora and the middle tibiz and tarsi luteous-yellow ; front tibiz and
tarsi and the hind legs darker brown or blackish; metatarsi not dilated ; legs
provided with rather sparse hairs. Wings somewhat broad, varying from brown-

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVHI. AUGUST, 1902

296 A. L. MELANDER.

ish to hyaline, with an elongated inconspicuous brown stigma; discal cell short;
the penultimate section of the fifth vein much shorter than the ultimate section ;
furcation of the third vein acute; fourth vein abbreviated, not reaching the mar-
gin. Knob of halteres black. Abdomen scarcely shining. Hypopygium small,
filament yellow, thick, with its tip concealed. 5 mm.

Guerrero, Mexico (Smith).

Empis triangula Coquillett.
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1901, p. 410.

Black, the halteres and legs dark brown, knees yellow, this color rarely ex-
tending over the greater portion of the femora and sometimes of the tibie, ven-
ter of abdomen of female largely yellow; eyes of male contiguous, third joint
of antennz nearly linear, at least five times as long as broad, the style scarcely
perceptible; proboscis from one and one-half to twice as long as height of head ;
hairs and bristles of thorax and scutellum black ; thorax somewhat polished, very
thinly gray pruinose, not distinetly vittate, scutellum bearing ten marginal bris-
tles; abdomen slightly polished, hypopygium rather large, obliquely ascending,
the lower piece bearing a cluster of rather long, black bristles at its apex, fila-
ment hidden, venter of abdomen destitute of processes and of spinous bristles;
legs simple, slender, almost bare; wings hyaline, veins and stigma brown, second
submarginal cell somewhat triangular, pointed at its base, about one and one-half
times as long as broad, discal cell subequal in length to last section of fourth vein,
last section of fifth vein half as long as the preceding section. 2-3.5 mm.

British Columbia; Alaska: Tip of Last Vegas Range (Hudson-
ian Zone), New Mexico (T. D. A. Cockerell).

Empis cormus Walker.
List Dipt. Ins., iii, p. 496. ;

Black (male), or cinereous (female). Lip, eyes and feelers black; chest of the
female adorned with three indistinct hoary stripes; hind borders of the abdomi-
nal segments of the female hoary; legs black; knees tawny; shanks and feet
piceous; wings colorless, rather hroad; wing-ribs and veins piceous, the latter
strongly marked ; poisers piceous. 4mm.

Hudson’s Bay, St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River (Barnston).
A mutilated specimen from Colorado may belong here.

Empis luctuosa Kirby.
Empis luctuosa Kirby, N. A. Zool. Ins., 311, 2.
Empis geniculata Kirby, ibid.
Body entirely black. Proboscis very little longer than the head; wings a little
embrowned, with a large black stigma, irridescent, nervures black. Length of
body including wings 6 mm.

British America.

E. geniculata Kirby.— Almost black. Wings slightly embrowned, beauti-
fully irridescent; legs, where the shank is united to the thigh, white. Proboscis
nearly as long as the thorax. Length 6 mm.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 297

British America.

The synonymy is Mr. Coquillett’s, and likewise the introduction
of the species into the analytical table is done on Mr. Coquillett’s
authority for the number of scutellar bristles.

Empis gulosa Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 408.

Female.—Head black, bluish gray pollinose; antenne black, third joint broad
at the base, rapidly tapering toward the apex, style slender, more than one-half
as long as the third joint; proboscis one-half longer than the height of the head,
palpi brown. Thorax black, opaque gray pollinose, marked with four dark
brownish vitte; its very sparse pile black; pleura black, bluish gray pollinose,
pile in front of the halteres black; scutellum black, grayish pollinose, bearing
four bristles. Abdomen black, opaque brownish pollinose, that on the hind and
lateral margins of the segments light gray ; on the hind margin of the first three
segments toward the sides is a fringe of rather long black bristles, most devel-
oped on the second segment. Legs slender, simple, yellow, including the coxe ;
tarsi towards the apex brown; femora destitute of long bristles; middle meta-
tarsi slightly thicker, but shorter than the front ones; hind metatarsi much
thicker than the middle ones, subequal in length to the front ones. Knob of the
halteres yellowish white. Wings grayish, stigma nearly obsolete, veins dark
brown, no long bristles on the costa near its base. 7 mm.

Illinois (Robertson).

N Empis humile Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 403.

Male.—Head black, gray pollinose, except on oral margin; eyes separated a
shorter distance than the width of the lower ocellus, facets of a uniform size;
antenne having the two basal joints brownish yellow, the third black, rather
narrow, gradually tapering to the tip, style over one-half as long as the third
joint; proboscis from two to three times as long as the height of the head, palpi
light yellow. Thorax, pleura and scutellum black, opaque grayish pollinose, the
rather long pile of thorax and scutellum black; thorax with two blackish vitte,
scutellnm bearing four bristles. Abdomen black, shining, the pile rather long
and abundant, black; hypopygium large, lamelle largely yellow, middle ones
oblong, slightly tapering to tip, not longer than the broad upper ones; filament
slender, almost bristle-like, arcuate. Legs simple, rather robust; coxe black,
femora brownish yellow, lighter yellow at the base, tibiz and tarsi light yellow,
tarsi brownish towards apex; middle and hind legs provided with rather long,
stout, black bristles; front and hind metatarsi subequal in size, the middle meta-
tarsi considerably more slender and only two-thirds as long as either of these.
Knob of halteres yellow. Wings brownish gray, costal cell and border to some
of the veins yellowish; stigma and veins brown.

Female.—Same as the male, with these exceptions: prothorax, the lateral mar-
gins of the thorax, the scutellum, metanotum, pleura and abdomen yellowish, a
black spot above the middle and hind coxe, a transverse one on the lower part
of the metanotum and sometimes a brownish fascia near or on the hind margin

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (38) AUGUST, 1902.

298 A. L. MELANDER.

of each abdominal segment except the first. Cox and legs yellow, hind meta-
tarsi much thicker than the front ones. 7 mm.

Illinois (Robertson).

Empis peeciloptera Loew.
Cent. i, 31.

Female.—Yellow, black-pilose. Head yellow. Proboscis yellow, about equal
to twice the length of the head. Antenne long, slender, yellow, the upper mar-
gin and the apex of the third joint black. Thorax opaque. Abdomen shining.
Legs long, slender, pale yellow, the apex of the tarsi black. Halteres yellow.
Wings long, subcinerascent, with a luteous tinge, veins fuscous, the transverse
veins bordered with fuscous; the anterior branch of the third vein joined with
the second vein by a cross-vein. 4.1 mm.

New York (Edwards).

N Empis longipes Loew.
Cent. v, 51.

Male.—Slender, rather bare, yellowish, darker above. Head black, cinereous
with whitish pollen. Front very narrow. Antenne very slender, black, the
terminal style moderate. Proboscis about equal to the first two joints of the
front tarsi taken together. Thorax lutescent; the dorsum cinereous, opaque,
with four narrow fuscous vitte, the middle ones abbreviated posteriorly, the
outer ones much shortened anteriorly, provided with very sparse black bristles
and short hair. Scutellum lutescent. Abdomen luteous, shining, with a median
vitta on the posterior blackish margins of each segment. Hypopygium moder-
ate, yellow, open, the apex with black hairs, the central filament very thick, con-
colorous, hidden beyond the base. Legs long, slender, yellow, with short black
pile, tarsi piceous, the first joints apically, the others wholly black. Wings yel-
lowish cinereous, veins brownish yellow, stigma concolorous, nearly wanting.
5.5 mm,

New York, Lake George (Osten Sacken).
One female, Alleghany, Pennsylvania, differs from Loew’s de-
scription of the male as follows:

Basal joints of the antenne fuscous; the third a little longer than the other
two together, its style moderately thick, one-half the length of the third joint;
proboscis longer than the hind femora, fulvous on the basal half above ; no me-
dian vitta on the greatly shining abdominal segments, which are distinctly mar-
gined with black posteriorly and laterally; hind trochanters beneath and tip of
the femora narrowly black. The outer branch of the third vein is obtusely an-
gulate at its middle, the basal angle of the second submarginal cell being about
70 degrees.

Empis sordida Loew.
Cent. iii, 29.

Male.—Pale tawny, opaque. Head cinereous. Proboscis shorter than twice
the length of the head. Basal two joints of the antennz fuscous, the outer
black. Eyes separated. Dorsum of the thorax with four fuscous vitte, provided
with short black pile. Abdomen pale yellow, shining, the base of each segment

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 299

fuscous. Hypopygium concolorous, small, clavate, closed, the middle lamellz
ascending, oblong-ovate, with very short pubescence. Coxe pale testaceous,
black pilose. Legs long, slender, testaceous, black pilose; apex of the tibiz fus-
cous; anterior tarsi black, except the base; the last joint of the posterior tarsi
black. Halteres yellowish. Wings long, subhyaline, cinerascent, faintly tinged
with fuscous, stigma obsolete, veins fuscous. 3.5 mm.

District of Columbia (Osten Sacken).

Empis abcirus Walker.
List Dipt. Ins., iii, p. 494.

Male.—Fulvous, hoary. Head hoary, thinly clothed beneath with black hairs;
hypostoma black; lip tawny for more than half its length, black thence to the
tip, nearly as long as the body; eyes bright red; feelers black; first and second
joints dark tawny; chest and breast hoary with a tawny tinge; chest adorned
with four gray stripes, between which are rows of short black bristles; the
hinder border of the chest is beset with longer black bristles; abdomen black
shining; legs tawny, beset with short black hairs and bristles; hips black; feet
piceous towards the tips; foot-cushions and claws tawny ; wings colorless; wing-
ribs and poisers bright tawny; veins piceous, tawny towards the base and along
the fore borders. 5 mm.

Georgia (Abbot).

Empis eudamidas Walker.
List Dipt. Ins., iii, p. 493.

Male.—Fulvous, head cinereous, narrower than the thorax, clothed with short
black hairs; eyes red ; mouth tawny, with a black tip, as long as the chest;
feelers tawny, black towards their tips, longer than the head; chest paler on
each side, beset with short black hairs, adorned on the back with four gray
stripes; abdomen fulvous, apically black; legs tawny, clothed with short black
hairs; hips and trochanters gray; knees black; tips of the feet piceous; a short
black stripe on each of the four front thighs; wings nearly colorless, tawny
towards the base. 6 mm,

Empis amytis Walker.
List Dipt. Ins., iii, p. 493.

Male.—Fulvous. Head black, much narrower than the chest; eyes dark red ;
mouth tawny, with a black tip, much shorter than the chest; feelers black;
chest and breast tawny; disc of the former black; abdomen black, dull, tawny
along each side; legs tawny, clothed with short black hairs; knees and tips of
feet black ; wings colorless; wing-ribs and poisers tawny; veins piceous, tawny
towards the base. 5 mm.

New York.
Empis ollius Walker.
List Dipt. Ins., iii, p. 493.

Female.—Fulvous. Head gray, thinly coated beneath with black hairs; hypo-
stoma black, shining; lip dark tawny, piceous at the tip, shorter than the body;
eyes bright red; feelers black; chest and breast dull tawny ; chest adorned with
four brown stripes, between which are rows of short black bristles; the hinder

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902.

300 A. L. MELANDER.

part of the chest is beset with longer black bristles; abdomen black, shining,
legs tawny, beset with short black hairs and bristles; hips black; feet piceous
towards the tips; wings slightly tawny; wing ribs and poisers bright tawny;
veins piceous, tawny towards the base and along the fore borders. 4 mm.

Nova Scotia.

Empis laniventris Escholtz.
Wiedemann, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins., 2, p. 6.

Fuscous; head black; thorax in front and abdomen with yellow hair. Head
below wholly bare; occiput with long black hairs. Eyes brown. Antenne
black, the first two joints with hairs at their tips only. Proboseis black ; palpi
yellow. Thorax grayish brown, with brown hairs on the dorsum, on the pleure
with longer yellow hairs. Scutellum grayish brown, with a few black bristles.
Pectus grayish brown, with no hairs. Abdomen above dark brown, with fine
black pubescence; venter in the middle and plainly on the sides with long, dense
yellow hairs. Wings much longer than the body, somewhat yellowish, with
brown veins, those nearest the costa wholly yellow; the anterior branch of the
third vein strongly arcuate. Knob of the halteres yellow, the pedicel brown.
Legs reddish brown, with piceous tarsi, with fine black hairs; hind tibize bowed ;
femora scarcely thicker than the tibiz. 8 mm.

Alaska. Bering Isl.

Empis colonica Walker.
List Dipt. Ins., iii, p. 498.

Body bright tawny, shining, smooth, beset with a few slender short black bris-
tles; eyes and feelers black; lip tawny piceous towards the tip, much more than
half the length of the body; abdomen dark tawny, thinly clothed with short
black hairs and bristles; feet piceous towards the tips; wings with a tawny
tinge; wing-ribs tawny; veins brown, tawny towards the base; poisers pale
yellow. 6mm.

Nova Scotia (Redman).

Empis leptogastra Loew.
Cent. iii, 30. .

Female.—Slender, yellow, shining, rather bare. Head black, face and front
very narrow, concolorous; antennze slender, elongate, the third joint black, the
preceding fuscous. Proboscis slightly longer than the head, slender, yellow.
Dorsum of the thorax divided by a longitudinal black median vitta. Abdomen
marked with a basal black fascia on each segment, united by a black line, the
last segment black altogether. Legs with sparse fine pile, slender, the hind
femora thickened towards the apex and bearing black spines below; the apex
and a median ring of the hind femora, the apical third of the hind tibiz and all
the tarsi black, Knob of the halteres infuscated. Wings rather long and nar-
row, cinereous hyaline, veins piceous, the third vein slightly incurved apically,
the anterior branch ascending perpendicularly. 4.5 mm.

District of Columbia (Osten Sacken).

Empis armipes Loew.
Cent. i, 32.
Male.—Yellow, with short black pile. Eyes distant. Proboscis yellow, longer

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 301

than the head. Palpi yellow. First two joints of the antenne yellowish brown,
the third joint black, long, strongly attenuate from the broad base, the terminal
style long. Thorax opaque, a single fuscous vitta, abbreviated from each side
and sometimes obsolete. Abdomen shining, fuscous, the side and hind margins
of each segment yellow. Venter yellow. Hypopygium small, porrect, the mid-
dle and lower lamelle yellow; the central filament almost concealed. Legs long,
slender, yellow, the tarsi from the apex of the first joint almost black ; the poste-
rior legs with the femora armed with some very obtuse spines, a part large and
black-pilose, the others smaller and bare. Halteres yellow. Wings long, brown-
ish gray, the faint stigma a little more brown, veins fuscous.

Female.—Very much like the male; the posterior legs simple; the pile of the
tibiz and tarsi shorter and sparser than in the male. 5 mm.

New York.

N Empis tridentata Coquillett (Fig. 132).
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxiii, p. 609.

Head black, gray pruinose, front of male at narrowest point less than the
width of the lowest ocellus; antenne black, the first two joints yellow, the third
slightly over four times as long as wide, gradually tapering to the apex, nearly
four times as long as the style, palpi and proboscis yellow, the latter almost twice
as long as the height of the head; thorax yellow, a large black, gray pruinose
spot in the middle of the hind part of the mesonotum; sending three prongs
toward the head, the median one subopaque, the lateral ones polished, three
small black spots beneath the insertion of each wing, and a fourth bordering the
mesothoracie spiracle and prolonged backward almost te the wing, hairs and
bristles of thorax black, scutellum yellow, the base of the middle black, bearing
four bristles; abdomen polished, yellow, bases of segments two to four or five
usually black, most extended in the female, central filament of male hypopygium
very sinuose; legs yellow, apices of tarsi brown, middle and hind femora beset
with spinous bristles on the under side; wings hyaline, stigma brown, a brown
cloud on the base of upper branch of third vein, another on vein at base of sec-
ond posterior cell, and one above forking of second and third veins. 6 mm,

Pennsylvania (C. W. Johnson).

Empis pallida Loew.
Cent. i, 30.

Male.—Wholly yellow. Head concolorous. Eyes separated. Proboseis much
longer than the head. Antenne long, slender, first two joints yellow, third, ex-
cept the base, black, with a slender terminal style. Thorax opaque, sparsely
black-pilose. Abdomen shining, covered with rather long yellowish pile. Hypo-
pygium small, clavate, the median lamellze oblong-ovate, ascending, with short
pile. Coxe yellow, with black pile. Legs long, slender, yellow, with black
pile; last joint of the tarsi wholly, the others apically black. Halteres yellow.
Wings large, hyaline, pale cinerascent, with a yellowish tinge, stigma pale yel-
low, almost wanting, veins yellow. 4mm,

New York (Edwards).

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902

302 A. L. MELANDER.

Empis rufescens Loew (Fig. 120).
Cent. v, 52.

Male.—Yellow, reddish above. Thorax subopaque, abdomen shining. Head
black, cinereous with whitish pollen. Eyes narrowly separated on the front. ©
Antenne moderate, rather stout, the first two joints red, the third black, the
terminal style moderate. Proboscis yellow, longer than the front tibie. Dor-
sum of the thorax provided with a few black hairs and bristles. Hypopygium
yellow, rather long, ascending, closed, the lower lamelle long, the upper small,
short-ovate, the central filament exserted, low, slender, curved, yeliow. Legs
slender, clothed with short black hairs and setule, yellow, the first two tarsal
joints apically and the other three wholly black. Wings cinereous with a yellow-
ish tinge, veins fuscous, becoming luteous towards the costa and base, stigma
very pale, subfuscous. 6.1 mm.

New Hampshire (Osten Sacken). Massachusetts (Hough).

Empis rubida Wheeler et Melander (Fig. 121).
Biol. Cent. Am., Dipt. Suppl., p. 368, Nov., 1901.

Female.—Front and face shining black. Antenne reddish yellow; third joint
slender on the distal part, the style slender, aristiform. Proboscis yellow, not
longer than the head. Mesonotum shining, yellowish red, strongly convex;
bare; pleurze yellower. Abdomen brownish yellow. Legs light yellow, not dila-
ted or ciliated ; tip of all the metatarsi and the remaining tarsal joints, the tips
of the hind femora and tibiz blackish. Wings cinereous hyaline, with yellow-
ish veins; stigma elongate, brown; anterior branch of the third vein nearly
rectangular and gently arcuated. Halteres yellow. 4 mm.

Guerrero, Mexico (Smith).

Empis otiosa Coquillett (Fig. 122).
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 407.

Male.—Head black, gray pollinose, eyes separated as widely as the posterior
ocelli, facets of a uniform size; antenne black, third joint two and one-half
times as long as the first, rather narrow, style one-third as long as the third joint;
proboscis two and one-half times as long as the height of the head, palpi yellow.
Thorax black, opaque gray pollinose, marked with two darker vitte, its sparse
pile and bristles black; pleura black, gray pollinose, its pile black; scutellum
gray pollinose, bearing four bristles. Abdomen black, depressed, except towards
apex, subshining, its pile rather abundant and long, black; hypopygium rather
small, middle lamella longer than the upper, rounded on the lower side ; filament
rather slender, yellow. Legs simple, very robust, femora nearly twice as thick
as their tibiw, hind femora one-third longer than the middle ones; coxe black,
femora dark brown, yellowish at base and apex, the hind ones sometimes wholly
yellowish, tibiz and tarsi light yellow, apex of the latter brown; front metatarsi
unusually large, nearly twice as long and as thick as the middle ones, one-half
thicker and one-third longer than the hind ones. Knob of halteres light yellow.
Wings hyaline, stigma pale brownish, veins dark brown.

Female.—Same as the male, except that the tibie and tarsi are darker, the yel-
low being replaced with reddish; the femora are usually reddish and are more
slender; the hind ones are nearly twice as long as the middle ones; front meta-

9

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 303

tarsi more slender and one-half longer than the middle ones, also more slender
and slightly longer than the hind ones; wings grayish brown. 6-7 mm.

Illinois, Connecticut ; Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Kansas,
Louisiana.

Empis Johnsoni sp. nov. (Fig. 123).

Male and Female. Length 6 mm.— Black, head and thorax closely covered with
grayish tomentum, the gray color with a slight brown tinge. Eyes maroon
color, of the male contiguous for two-thirds the distance between the front
ocellus and the antenne; of the female the eyes are separated more widely than
the posterior ocelli; face short, broad, cinereous-dusted, oral border shining
black, cheeks obliterated, mouth-opening large; palpi short, extending straight
forward, but not surpassing the oral border, luteous, with a slender black sub-
apical bristle; proboscis slender, extending to the tip of the middle coxa, yellow
above, black below ; antennz shorter than the head-height (male), or subequal to
it (female), first two joints short, fuscous, the third elongate, lanceolate, black,
blunt at the tip in the female, the arista one-half the length of the third joint in
the male, or more slender and only one-third the length in the female; occiput
cinereous, its black bristles in two rows, moderately bristly below. Thorax
cinereous, dorsum with two narrow darker stripes, and two broader posteriorly
placed lateral ones; between the median and lateral vitte a distinct series of
black bristles, humeri with a bunch of hairs, dorsum margined with about eight
prominent macrocheete on each side, scutellum with four long marginal, and no
short bristles, the row in front of the halteres dense, with about fifteen bristles,
no other pleural bristles, pectus with a few scattered short bristles. Abdomen
depressed, shining, very faintly cinereous toward the base in the female and
opaque jet black in the male on the basal four segments, which are rather densely
provided with long black marginal hairs; hypopygium shining, compressed,
rather large, distinct, porrect, central filament yellow, slender, arcuate, largely
visible, middle lamelle large, pointed, porrect, fulvous on the lower side, upper
lamelle small, bipartite, fulvous, except the darkened upper edge. Coxe black,
faintly slaty-gray pollinose, with numerous black bristles, remainder of the legs
fuscous, becoming darker on the outer half of the tarsi; legs slender, unarmed,
hind femora below with evident spines, legs with numerous bristles and short
black hairs; pulvilli and claws of male large. Halteres fuscous. Wings sub-
hyaline, with a brownish tinge, stigma almost obsolete, veins strong brown, third
vein fureate beyond the tip of the marginal cell, the anterior branch arises
acutely, the posterior branch terminates just before the extreme wing-tip, first
submarginal cell narrower than the first posterior cell, sixth vein recurved at the
tip. costa with a strong bristle at its base.

Four specimens; Montgomery County, Pennsylvania (C. W.
Johnson).
Empis enodis sp. nov. (Fig. 125).
Male and Female. Length 6-8 mm.—Almost bare species of moderate stature.
Black, cinerascent with olivaceous gray. Head cinerascent, eyes wine color,

separated at their narrowest part in the male as widely as the posterior ocelli, in
the female a trifle more; palpi very small, reddish ; proboscis once and one-half

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. AUGUST, 1902.

304 A. L. MELANDER.

to two times the height of the head, black above, reddish below, labella black ;
antenne black, slender, as long as the head, second joint one-half the length of
the first, first and second joints with sparse hairs, third joint lanceolate, some-
what blunt in the female, arista one-third the length of the third joint; the
strong bristles of the occiput in two rows. Thorax brownish gray cinereous, the
brown more evident on the dorsum, with four broad brown vitte, the intervittal
spaces with short hairs, those of the median series minute, a few long marginal
macrocheete on the dorsum; scutellum with four to six marginal bristles of
uneven length, the central pair longest; metapleural row consisting of about five
closely-placed nearly uniform bristles; prothoracic series small, no pectal or other
pleural bristles. Abdomen concolorous with the pleure, devoid of long hairs,
almost glabrous, except towards the tip, with strong bristles near the incisures ;
hypopygium small, not extending above the abdomen, closed, central filament
hidden, or sometimes the trumpet-shaped tip more or less exposed, middle
lamelle small, roanded, fulyous, upper lamellae small, nearly hidden. Coxe
cinerascent, apically more or less fuscous, provided with a few bristles, those of
middle and hind legs in series, trochanters with a minute black spot; legs sim-
ple, fuscous, femora narrowly tipped with black, tarsi black, legs with small bris-
tles, becoming short and dense on the hind tibiz of the male, and on the under
side of all the tarsi of both sexes, and long on the tibie, sparsely so on the front
and middle ones, and more numerous on the hind ones of the male; none of the
metatarsi or tibiz thickened ; pulvilli minute. Halteres reddish. Wings hya-
line, with a smoky tinge, no stigmal spot; veins strong, dark fuscous, discal cell
rather deep, the first section of its anterior border one-fourth the length of the
second section ; the fureation of the third vein even with the tip of the marginal
cell, the posterior branch terminates beyond the tip of the wing.

Glen Ellyn and Chicago, Illinois.

Empis stenoptera Loew.
Cent. v, 50.

Slender, almost glabrous, opaque, whitish cinerascent, abdomen of female less
whitish. Head concolorous. Eyes of the male separated. Antenne very slen-
der, black. Proboscis black, longer than the head, but shorter than the anterior
femora. Dorsum of the thorax quadrivittate with subfuscous, the median vittee
abbreviated posteriorly, the outer anteriorly. Hypopygium of the male closed,
black, the lower lamelle testaceous, the central filament hidden. Coxse whitish
cinerascent, pale yellowish apically. Legs slender, fuscous, the base of the
femora, and the hase of the tibize broadly below, yellow, the tibiz towards the tip
and all the tarsi black. Halteres pale yellowish. Wings narrow, cinereo-hyaline,
stigma obsolete, veins fuscous. 4 mm.

New Hampshire (Osten Sacken).

Empis cacuminifer sp. noy. (Fig. 124).

Male and Female. Length 6 mm.—Dusky opaque species. Head, pleure,
metanotum and large part of the abdomen dark plumbeous gray-pollinose; tho-
racic dorsum broadly quadrivittate with brown. Palpi fuscous, without hairs;
proboscis one and one-half times the head-height or less, dark reddish, the
labella shorter than the proboscis. Antenne as long as the head, slender, black,
the first joint twice as long as the second, the third joint not quite three times

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 305

the length of the first, lanceolate, its arista one-third its length; eyes separated
a little more widely than the posterior ocelli in the male, and a little more in
the female; bristles of the occiput irregularly placed. The intervittal bristles of
the thorax minute, the marginal macrochete short, no long humeral macro-
cheeta; scutellum with two long and two short marginal bristles; three or four
bristles in the vertical row in front of the halteres; bristles of the pronotal collar
minute, no pectal bristles present. Abdomen dull grayish, with a piceous tinge,
wholly opaque, the hind margins of the segments cinereous; hypopygium mod-
erate in size, closed, central filament rather stout, nearly straight on the exposed
basal part, fuscous, shining, middle lamelle concealing the remainder of the
hypopygium, dark fuscous. Legs stout, dark fuscous, including the coxe, tarsi
blackish ; cox sparsely black-bristly, more evidently bristly in front; tip of
trochanter and of femora narrowly black; hind femora slightly bowed on the
proximal third; hind trochanters of the male widened within and produced as
a prominent tubercle, which is capped by a dense pencil of black bristles, remain-
der of the legs without sexual armament; hind femora not reaching the end of
the abdomen, as long as or shorter than their tibie ; front metatarsi of the male
a little stouter than those of the female, tarsi densely spinose beneath; bristles
of the legs prominent, especially in the male, pubescence not marked. Halteres
reddish yellow. Wings hyaline, with a faint brown tinge, veins fuscous, stigma
obsolete, third vein furcate opposite the end of the marginal cell, the posterior
branch terminates at the wing apex ; discal cell moderate, the first section of its
fore margin one-fifth the length of the second section, no prominent costal bristle.

Numerous specimens from Ohio (J. 8. Hine), and Alabama (C.

F. Baker). sey

Cent. ii, 20.

Male.—Pale cinereous, opaque, almost glabrous. Eyes distant. Antenne elon-
gate, slender, black. Proboscis moderate. Thoracic dorsum almost bare, with
very sparse black bristles and four fuscous vittew, the middle vitte abbreviated
posteriorly, the outer on both sides. Pleure cinereous, bare, except for two black
bristles in front of the halteres. Abdomen fusco-cinereous, the hind margins of
each segment grayish white. Hypopygium small, yellowish, with sparse black
pile, the lamellz oblong-ovate, the base of the central filament very thick, the
apex hidden. Coxe pale yellow, the anterior bare, except for a few apical setze.
Legs slender, darker yellow; the tarsi and a very narrow apical ring on the hind
femora almost black, the base of the tarsi and the apex of the tibize paler fus-
cous; the hind trochanters armed with small black spines below; the black pile
of the femora very short, of the middle tibie longer, of the hind tibiz long above.
Wings cinerascent, the obsolete stigma pale subfuscous, veins strong fuscous.
6 mm.

Llinois (Le Baron).

The following remarks, based on further specimens also from
Illinois, may be of service in the identification of this species.

Eyes separted in the case of the male as widely as the width of
the anterior ocellus. The occipital bristles short, arranged in two

Empis nuda Loew (Fig. 126).

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (39) SEPTEMBER, 1902.

306 A. L. MELANDER.

rows. All the intervittal spaces provided with sparse minute bris-
tles arranged longitudinally. The row in front of the halteres con-
sists most generally of three bristles. Scutellum with two bristles.
The abdomen is slightly shining through the sparse coating. The
hind femora possess a single short spine-like bristle at the beginning
of the outer third of the lower surface; front metatarsi as thick as
the outer part of the tibia, and nearly as long as the three following
joints. Halteres pale yellow. Stigma wanting, the third vein
acutely branched at the tip of the marginal cell, its anterior branch
scarcely two thirds the length of the posterior branch, which ends
at the extreme wing tip; the proximal section of the vein bounding
the discal cell anteriorly scarcely one third the length of the second
section.

The female differs from the male in that the eyes are separated a
little more widely, the posterior trochanters lack the pencil and are
not explanate, the hairs of the legs are all short and evidently bris-
tle-like, and the front metatarsi are slender.

Empis compta Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 405.

Female.—Head black, gray pollinose; two basal joints of antenne brown, the
third black, narrow, elongate, style one-sixth as long as the third joint; probos-
cis over twice as long as the height of the head, palpi brown. Thorax and pleura
black, opaque gray pollinose, thorax marked with four blackish brown vitte;
pile in front of halteres black ; seutellum blackish, its apex brown, bearing four
bristles. Abdomen on base of segments yellowish brown, on apex broadly yel-
low, seventh and eighth segments and the two anal lamelle wholly brown; pile
of abdomen sparse, yeliowish, no fringe of long black bristles on the hind mar-
gin of any of the segments. Legs slender, destitute of a fringe of scales, yellow,
including the cox ; tarsi toward the apex brown; metatarsi of nearly an equal
thickness, the hind ones slightly longer than the others. Knob of halteres light
yellow. Wings hyaline, stigma wanting, veins light brown, no stout bristle on
costa near its base (first marginal cell closed in one wing, broadly open in the
other). 3.5 mm.

Illinois (Robertson ).

Male.—Beyond the fifth abdominal segment the ahdomen is suddenly bent
downward, the seventh dorsal segment convex, small; hypopygium moderately
large, hanging downward, almost cylindrical, tubular, the lamelle porrect, mod-
erately prominent, yellowish, the central filament reddish, hidden within the
tube. Legs slender, unarmed, the hind femora beneath and the tibize outwardly
with a few slender, black longer hairs. Wings slender, rather pointed, the first
submarginal cell open, the anterior branch of the third vein bent, extending
acutely.

Opelousas, Louisiana, March.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 307

Empis varipes Loew.
Cent. i, 34.

Male and Female.-—Hunch-backed. Head, thorax and scutellum cinereous,
opaque. Proboscis longer than the head, luteons, stripes of the labium black.
First two joints of the antenne dark brown, the third black. Thorax black-
pilose. Abdomen black, very shining, sparsely provided with very fine pale
pile, the base and venter luteous. Hypopygium of the male very small, dipping
down, black, the central filament low and slightly curved. Front cox luteous,
the others grayish brown. Legs luteous, a very broad subapical ring on the pos-
terior femora black, a very broad subbasal ring on the hind tibize fuscous, some-
times wanting, the apex of all the tibiz fuscous; all the femora below with small
black spines. Halteres white. Wings of the male longer than those of the
female, whitish, veins concolorous, but the second section of the costa and the
apex of the third iongitudinal blackish; wings of the female pure hyaline, not
whitish, with a very faint cinerascent tint, veins fuscous. 3 mm.

Pennsylvania (Osten Sacken).

Empis levicula Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 406.

Male. Head black, bluish gray pollinose, eyes contiguous; antenne black, the
two basal joints yellow, style over one-half as long as the third joint; proboscis
yellowish, black at the apex, over three times as long as the height of the head,
palpi yellow. Thorax, pleura and scutellum black, opaque gray pollinose ; thorax
with four brown vitte, its sparse pile and bristles black ; pile of pleura white,
scutellum bearing four bristles, the two outer very short. Abdomen black,
opaque brown pollinose, its sparse pile white; hypopygium small, the filament
hidden. Legs slender, destitute of long bristles, dark yellowish, including the
coxe ; the tarsi toward the apex black; front metatarsi nearly as long, but only
about half as thick as the hind ones. Wings whitish hyaline, veins brownish,
stigma wanting. Halteres yellow.

Female.—Same as the male, except that the thorax and abdomen are wholly
bluish white pollinose. 6-7 mm.

Illinois (Robertson).

Empis avida Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 405.

Female.—Head black, bluish gray pollinose; antennz brown on the two basal
joints, the third joint black, short, broad, tapering gradually to the tip, style over
one-half as long as the third joint ; proboscis three times as long as the height of
the head, palpi yellow. Thorax, pleura and scutellum black, opaque, bluish gray
pollinose ; thorax marked with four blackish brown vitte, its pile rather dense,
but quite short, black; pile in front of halteres white, abundant, fine; scntellum
bearing four bristles. Abdomen black, opaque, light bluish gray pollinose, its
pile white, that on sides near the base abundant, long; no fringe of long black
bristles near the hind margins of any of the segments. Legs slender, simple,
femora destitute of long bristles; coxe brownish yellow, the hind ones largely
blackish ; femora, tibize and tarsi brownish yellow, apices of tarsal joints and last
joint wholly blackish; middle metatarsi scarcely thicker than the front ones,

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

308 A. L. MELANDER.

hind metatarsi nearly twice as thick but scarcely longer than the front ones.
Knob of halteres yellowish white. Wings grayish hyaline, stigma and veins
dark brown, no long bristle on costa near its base. 7 mm.

Illinois (Robertson).

Empis comantis Coquillett.

Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 402. 4

Male.—Black; apex of palpi, proboscis, except the base and the lower lip,
femora, except a large portion of the under side, tibiz and tarsi, except at apex,
yellowish red. First antennal joint twice as long as the second; the third one
and one-half times as long as the first; style slender, as long as the third joint;
frontal triangle naked ; eyes narrowly separated ; proboscis three times as long
as the height of the head. Thorax opaque gray pollinose, marked with four
blackish vittee, thickly white and black pilose, the bristles black; pile at each
end of pleura, on coxe and abdomen mixed black and white; that on venter and
sides of abdomen abundant, white. Scutelluam white pollinose, and bearing
twelve marginal black bristles. Abdomen shining, nearly destitute of pollen ;
hypopygium large, ascending; central filament largely yellow, double, free, arcu-
ate. Legs simple, femora thickened, the hind ones over twice as thick as their
tibize ; pile and bristles of femora rather numerous and long. Wings slightly
brownish, stigma and a spot above base of second vein, dark brown, anterior
braneh of third vein very oblique and much curved. 9mm.

Northern California (O. T. Baron).
The knobs of the halteres are black. 7

Empis brachysoma Coquillett.
Proc. Wash. Acad., 1901, p. 409.

Black, the palpi, horny.portion of proboscis, stems of halteres, femora and
tibiz yellow, front and hind femora in both sexes and hind tibie in the male,
yellowish brown, cox brown basally, changing into yellow at their apices, tarsi
and knobs of halteres dark brown, apex of male abdomen marked with yellow;
eyes of male contiguous, third joint of antenne rather broad at base, quite
rapidly tapering to the apex, about twice as long as the style, proboscis twice as
long as height of head; hairs and bristles of mesonotum black, hairs of pleura
and abdomen white; thorax opaque, gray pruinose, mesonotum marked with
four slightly polished, black vittee, scutellum bearing from four to six black bris-
tles; abdomen of male polished black in middle of dorsum, the sides opaque,
gray pruinose ; in the female the dorsum of segments two to four, and all of ab-
domen beyond fifth segment polished black, remainder of abdomen opaque, gray
pruinose; hypopygium of male rather small, obliquely ascending, claspers desti-
tute of processes, dorsal piece with a broad emargination in the posterior end
almost reaching its center, central filament hidden, venter destitute of processes
and of spinous bristles; legs of male simple, femora destitute of bristles and long
hairs; first joint of hind tarsi noticeably thicker than that of the front ones;
legs of female ciliate with nearly erect scales on both sides of the hind femora
and tibie, middle femora, and apical half of upper side of the front femora; ~
wings unusually long and ‘narrow, grayish hyaline, stigma and veins, except at
base of wing, dark brown, venation normal. 7 mm.

Alaska.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 309

hee Empis obesa Loew.
Cent. i, 28.

Male.—Cinereous, opaque. Eyes contiguous. Proboscis slender, nearly equal
to the body. Palpi yellow. Antenne black. Dorsum of the thorax with
four black vittee covered with fine whitish hairs and a little longer plack pile.
Margin of the scutellum with black bristles. Abdomen white-pilose. Hypopy-
gium large, swollen, ascending; lamelle obtuse at apex, the upper wholly badi-
ous; the central filament high and very thick. Coxe. cinereous, badious at the
very tip, clothed with pale hairs and a few black bristles. Legs slender, simple,
badious, black-pilose; anterior tibize apically and the posterior all but the base
dark brown; tarsl black. Halteres luteous. Wings infuscated, veins and stigma
dark fuscous, the discal cell moderate, the anterior branch of the third vein very
oblique. 3mm.

Massachusetts (Scudder).

Empis Aldrichii sp. noy. (Fig. 110).

Male. Length 7.5 mm.—Head and thorax black, gray pollinose, abdomen ful-
vous or partly black. Front and face gray pollinose; eyes separated as widely
as the width of the anterior ocellus, facets small, of uniform size; face of even
breadth, sides of the front rounded inwardly, anterior oral margin black, shining;
occiput gray pollinose, black-bristly above, the bristles arranged as a postocular
row and scattered beyond this, with fine hairs intermixed ; on the lower occiput
the hairs are white; proboscis three times the length of the head, fulvous, the
labella black; palpi ribbon-like, pale lemon-yellow, rectangularly bent at their
middle; antenne as long as the face and front together, slender, the first two
joints yellowish, the third black, the second joint one-half the length of the first,
the third joint as long as the first and second united, gradually acuminate, with
a rather slender style one-third its length; not conspicuously hairy. Thorax
gray pollinose, the pollen without any bluish tinge, but merging towards olive-
brown instead; tip of the humeral callosity red, shining, subhumeral spiracle
large, yellow; on the middle of the pectus above each of the front coxe is a con-
spicuous rosette of yellowish hairs, in front of the halteres is a row of many fine
yellowish hairs; dorsum of the thorax opaque brown-gray pollinose, provided
with four chocolate-brown broad vittee, the middle pair abbreviated posteriorly
on the concave portion of the mesonotum, the outer pair abbreviated anteriorly ;
humeri with a few short blackish bristles, sparser on the notum, intervittal spaces
provided with scattered short, fine yellowish hairs, the margin of the notum with
several black bristles, scutellum with four marginal bristles, an extra pair of
small ones present rarely ; the intervittal black bristles become longer in front of
the scutellum. Abdomen robust, as long as the head and thorax united, cylin-
drical, not shining (or at least but little shining on the rubbed parts), closely
covered with pollen, gray basally, becoming fulvous on the remainder of the ab-
domen, the segments rather conspicuously provided with luteous hairs; the
ground color of the abdomen is piceous, with the posterior margins of the seg-
ments flavescent, the last ventral segment larger, black, dusted or not, provided
with a few apical black spurs on the right side; hypopygium robust, more or less
spherical, yellowish red, its parts distinct, the filament curved, stout, partly
clasped near its middle by the inferior triangular lamellae. Legs moderate, sim-

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

310 A. L. MELANDER.

ple, reddish yellow; coxe grayish basally, with whitish hairs on the antero-ex-
terior side, trochanters with a faint blackish spot below near the tip; femora a
little thickened ; metatarsi about equal in thickness, slender, front and hind ones
of the same length, middle ones a little shorter; last tarsal joint blackish ; legs
clothed with very fine, dense, short, pale pubescence and with short blackish
hairs, longer on the under edge of the femora. Halteres large, yellowish.
Wings large, full, dark, no stigma present, anterior branch of the third vein
curved, oblique, no large costal bristle.

Two males; Moscow, Idaho, and Mt. Hood, Oregon.

This species differs structurally from E. ravida Coquillett in the
larger hypopygium, thickened femora, slender tibize and tarsi, sepa-
ration of the eyes, and the cheetotaxy, especially of the scutellum,
hind femora and coxe.

Empis ravida Coquillett (Fig. 111).
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 403.

Male.—Black, the palpi and halteres yellow, the proboscis, except the lower lip,
hypopygium, coxe (largely or wholly), femora, tibiee and tarsi, reddish yellow.
Eyes contiguous, frontal triangle bare. First antennal joint two and one-half
times as long as the second, the third joint one and a half times as long as the
first, sublanceolate, the style rather slender, nearly half as long as the third
joint. Proboscis twice as long as the height of the head. Thorax opaque, gray
pollinose, marked with four brownish black vitte, the shorter pile whitish, the
longer pile and the bristles black. Pile on each end of the pleura, on cox, ven-
ter and sides of abdomen whitish; middle and hind coxe hearing black bristles.
Scutellum bearing six to eight black bristles. Abdomen opaque, white pollinose,
the short pile of the dorsum black. Hypopygium moderately large, obliquely
ascending, the central filament not disengaged ; no projections on venter in front
of the hypopygium ; coxee and legs simple, femora destitute of stout spines below,
the bristles very short; wings dark gray, stigma much elongated, dark brown,
anterior branch of the third vein oblique and curved.

Female.—Same as the male with these exceptions: eyes widely separated ; ab-
dominal segments beyond the fifth shining; apical half of the under side of the
hind femora ciliate with rather short scales and spines. 6-8 mm.

New Hampshire (Coquillett) ; Georgia, Idaho.

Empis captus Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 405.

Male.—Differs from the male of Empis ravida only as follows: first two anten-
nal joints reddish; first joint only slightly longer than the second, the third
three times as long as the first, tapering very gradually to the apex; scutellum
bearing only two bristles; dorsum of abdomen brownish pollinose. Hypopygium
very large, the filament robust, disengaged, arcuate, compressed and dilated near
the apex; on base of upper side of each upper lamella is a low wart-like process,
and just outside of this is a backwardly projecting fleshy process bearing on the
middle of its under side a back wardly directed black spine whose tip iseven with

AMERICAN DIPTERA. ile

that of the process from which it springs; below this process is a second, yellow
fleshy, upwardly directed process. Wings hyaline.

Female.—Differs from the male in that the proboscis varies from two to four
times the head-height; femora and tibiz of middle and hind legs ciliate on each
side with rather short, black scales and bristles, the scales sparsest on the middle
tibie. 5-7 mm.

North Carolina and Georgia.

Empis tersa Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 404.

Male.—Differs from the male of Empis ravida only as follows: abdomen shining
reddish yellow; coxe, femora and tibie lighter yellowish; first antennal joint
twice as long as the second, the third joint twice as long as the first; proboscis
three times as long as the height of the head; thorax destitute of whitish pile,
that on each side of the pleara black, each coxa bearing several black bristles ;
pile and long bristles of abdomen and venter wholly black. Scutellum bearing
four bristles. Abdomen shining, destitute of pollen. Hypopygium small, por-
rect; the central filament free, filiform, arcuate. Bristles of middle and hind
femora rather long.

Female.—Differs from the male in that the proboscis is six times as long as the
height of the head, when bent backward almost reaching the tip of the abdo-
men. 6mm.

North Carolina.

Empis tenebrosa Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 404.

Male.—Differs from the female of Empis ravida only as follows: eyes as widely
separated as the posterior ocelli. First two antennal joints reddish, the first
scarcely longer than the second, the third twice as long as the first. Entire pile
of the thorax, pleura, coxee, venter and abdomen black. All the femora robust,
twice as thick as their tibie, the middle and hind ones bearing numerous, rather
long bristles on their under side. 6 mm.

\

Texas.
Empis spectabilis Loew (Fig. 109).
Cent. ii, 21.

Female.—Gray, opaque, with short black pile. Head cinereous. Length of the
proboscis nearly twice that of the head. Palpi yellow. Antenne long, the first
two joints dark badious and black-pilose, the third joint black, its apical style
stout. Thorax quadrivittate with fuscous, the side vittee much abbreviated.
Coxe reddish, cinerascent towards the base, black-pilose. Legs rufous, the ex-
treme apex of the femora and the apex of each tarsal joint black, the last tarsal
joint wholly black ; the hind femora moderately thickened, the middle and hind
femora with small black spines below. Halteres yellowish. Wings brownish
red, the costal cell ochraceous, veins dark brown, stigma lighter fuscous; discal
cell short; anterior branch of the third vein erect. 7 mm.

Maryland (Osten Sacken). Delaware Co., Pennsylvania.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

Say A. L. MELANDER.

Male.—The hairs of the under side of the palpiare long; the antennal style is
not more than one-fifth the length of the third joint; the thoracic vitte are nar-
row; the hairs on the base of the costa become longer, with two or three on each
side bristle-like. Abdomen stout, deflexed at the tip, the fifth dorsal segment
large, convex, provided with a prominent lateral reddish umbo, beneath this the
venter is much constricted, the fourth ventral segment large, terminating in a
flat transverse bifid process, the fifth and sixth ventrals small, crowded into the
constriction, the seventh ventral moderately large; hypopygium small, the cen-
tral filament thick, its base exposed, middle lamelle quadrilateral, truncate at
the tip, yellowish.

Clementon, New Jersey.

The male has eight long scutellar bristles, the female but four.
The eyes of the male are narrowly separated by the front so’ that
they nearly touch (vide Coquillett, Empide, p. 398, group 23).

It is to the group of the four following species that Empimorpha
barbata belongs.

Empis leevigata Loew.
Cent. v, 49.

Male.—Wholly black, shining, black pilose. Eyes contiguous. Antenne slen-
der, black. Proboscis black, partly fuscous above, longer than the anterior tibie.
Dorsum of thorax black-pilose, very finely covered with cinerascent pollen. Scu-
tellum convex, bare, except for six marginal bristles. Pleurse and coxe cinereo-
pollinose, subopaque. Hypopygium deflexed, closed, the central filament hidden.
In front of the hypopygium the venter has two incurved apophyses bearded with
black pile. Legs simple, slender, clothed with short hairs and fine black bris-
tles. Knob of halteres flavescent. Wings pale subfuscous, the stigma subfus-
cous, veins fuscous. 7.5 mm. ;

New Hampshire (Osten Sacken).

Empis virgata Coquillett (Fig. 108).
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 408.

Male.— Black in all its parts, except the whitish knob of the halteres and the
pulvilli; all pile and bristles also black. Eyes separated by an interval nar-
rower than the lowest ocellus; third joint of the antenne sublanceolate; the
style nearly one-fourth as long as the joint. Proboscis slightly over twice as long
as the height of the head. Thorax subshining, lightly gray pollinose and marked
with three shining black vitte; pleura grayish black pollinose, scutellum shin-
ing, bare, except the six marginal bristles and a few marginal hairs. Abdomen
depressed, shining; hypopygium rather small, central filament hidden; on the
under side of the fifth segment is a large, ovoid process, extending the entire
length of the segment, its posterior end rather thickly beset with short, stout
black bristles. Legs slender, front metatarsi one-half thicker and one-half longer
than the middle ones, noticeably longer and thicker than the hind ones. Wings
pale brown, stigma darker brown, all the veins perfect. 8 mm.

Washington (O. B. Johnson); British Columbia, Alaska.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 313

Empis pellucida Coquillett.
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1900, p. 408.

Black, the palpi and horny part of proboscis, except at base, yellow, halteres
yellowish white, bases of tibiz sometimes reddish yellow; eyes of male more
widely separated than the posterior ocelli; third joint of antenne rather broad,
gradually tapering to the apex, about five times as long as the style, proboscis
twice as long as the height of the head ; hairs and bristles of body and legs black ;
mesonotum slightly polished, marked with a median, light gray pruinose vitta,
the lateral margins and pleura gray pruinose; scutelium bearing four bristles;
abdomen highly polished, hypopygium of male small, almost bare, obliquely
ascending, destitute of elongate processes, central filament robust, rapidly taper-
ing to the apex, arcuate, free, except its apex; hind margin of fifth abdominal
segment ventrally fringed with spinous bristles, many of which are as long as
this segment; legs in both sexes simple, first joint of hind tarsi slightly thicker
than that of the front ones, hind femora spinose on the under side; wings hyaline,
veins dark brown, normal, stigma brown. 6 mm.

Alaska.

Closely related to virgata Coquillett, but in that species the spin-
ous bristles on the ventral portion of the fifth abdominal segment
in the male are arranged in a round cluster, and none of them ex-
ceed one fourth the length of this segment; both sexes have the
mesonotum dark gray pruinose and marked with three distinct, pol-
ished black vittze.

Empis fumida Coquillett.
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1900, p. 409.

Differs from the above description of pellucida only as follows: Palpi and pro-
boscis black, legs always wholly black, eyes of male less widely separated than
width of lowest ocellus, mesonotum highly polished, not distinctly vittate, scu-
tellum bearing six or more bristles, hypopygium quite thickly covered with
hairs, the central filament hidden, except, sometimes, its apical portion, wings
pale brown, more yellowish at base and in costal cell. 7 mm.

Alaska.

It is with hesitation that I have included this, the following, and
even the preceding species in the same group with virgata. In
more than one case has Mr. Coquillett arranged a series of species
the description of one of which depends upon the foregoing, until
at last a form is reached in no wise related to the first species, but
which depends on the first description for its recognition. In the
present instance pellucida depends on virgata, fumida on pellucida,
and infumata on fumida, but in no case but the first is mention
made of the peculiar and very conspicuous ventral process of the
males.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (40) SEPTEMBER, 1902.

314 A. L. MELANDER.

Empis infumata Coquillett.
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1900, p. 409.

Same as fumida, except that the palpi and horny parts of the proboscis are yel-
low, central filament of hypopygium of male free, except at the apex, no fringe
nor cluster of spinous bristles on veutral portion of the fifth or other abdominal
segments, hind femora destitute of spinous bristles on the under side, at most
with a few weak bristles on the apical fourth. 5 mm,

Alaska.

Empis czligena sp. noy. (Fig. 107).

Male.—Ground color black, silvery gray pollinose. Eyes wine color, contigu-
ous for about one-third of the distance between the antenne and the ocelli, facets
uniformly small; palpi pale fuscous, short, extending straight forward, with
numerous long black hairs below, proboscis not twice the head-height in length,
slender, reddish at the base, black apically; antenne a little longer than the
head-height, black, first and second joints short, provided with black hairs, sec-
ond joint one-half the length of the first, third joint slender, beyond the basal
fourth of almost equal thickness, blunt at the tip, the arista small, one-eighth as
long as the third joint; occiput cinereous, with numerous black hairs indistinctly,
irregularly arranged in three transverse rows, the lower occiput bare in the mid-
dle. Thorax gray dusted, not at all tinged with brown, the usual four vitte of
the dorsum black, not brown, broadly bordering the two outer vitte are rather
long hairs, the marginal bristles of the dorsum not markedly thicker than the
other hairs, humeri with rather long hairs, pronotal collar consisting of short
hairs, above the base of each coxa is a small bunch of hairs, the prehalteral row
consisting of twelve hairs, scutellum with about twelve marginal bristles. Abdo-
men short, robust, deflected at the tip, with silvery-gray pollen, not silky in lus-
tre, with long fine hairs, especially noticeable on the sides of the basal segments ;
antepenultimate ventral segment with a short, broad, median bifurcate process,
lateral to which the posterior margin of the segment is emarginate, sixth ventral
segment small, hidden by the fifth and the last ; hypopygium small, but robust,
closed, middle lamelle large, almost cordiform with the emargination above, en-
veloping nearly the whole of the hypopygium, upper lamelle small, central fila-
ment completely hidden. Coxe black, cinereous, paler apically, front and mid-
dle ones with numerous fine black hairs on the forward side, hind ones with a
few long hairs on the inner and outer sides; legs simple, fuscous, extreme tip of
the femora and the tarsi darker, tarsi almost black; legs wholly covered with
long and rather dense black hairs, short, dense and almost bristle-like on the
plantar surface of the tarsi, femora stout, but not thickened, hind ones reaching
beyond the end of the abdomen, hind tibie slightly thicker than their femora,
the other tibie more slender; metatarsi not thickened, front ones as long as the
two following joints, middle ones equal to the next, hind ones somewhat shorter,
than the next two joints; pulvilli grayish, not enlarged. Halteres pale yellow.
Wings hyaline, with a faint brownish tinge, stigma nearly obsolete, veins strong,
fuscous; discal cell short, broad, the first section of the fourth vein bounding it
anteriorly, but slightly less than two-thirds the length of the second section ; fur-
cation of the third vein takes place beyond the end of the marginal cell, the pos-
terior branch ending just in advance of the extreme wing-tip; twice the length
of the anterior branch ; two rather long bristles present near the base of the costa.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. Pile

Female—The female differs from the male in the following characters: eyes
separated nearly twice as widely as the posterior ocelli; scutellum generally with
eight bristles; abdomen more flattened, tip not deflected, color of the abdomen
more yellowish gray ; the hairs of the legs much reduced, those of the underside
of the femora more evidently bristle-like ; tibiz not as thick as the femora; only
one long costal bristle near the base of the wing. 5.5 mm,

Alabama (C. F. Baker).

Empis teres sp. nov. (Figs. 133-142).

Male and Female. Length 4-5 mm.—Black; silvery gray pollinose (female less
silvery). Occiput, front and face gray pollinose; eyes maroon color, facets uni-
formly small, eyes of the male separated the width of the front ocellus, the front
of the female broader; palpi short, slender, not exceeding the mouth-opening,
pale yellow; proboscis once and one-half the eye-height, slender yellowish ; an-
tenn slender, as long as the eye-height, first joint moderately long, first and
second fuscous, third joint black, as long as the first two together, arista one-third
the length of the third joint; bristles of the occiput arranged in two definite
rows. Thorax dusted with silvery gray in the male, female with a slightly
brownish tinge to the notum, dorsum with indications of four darker vitte, the
outer two abbreviated in front, and very faint, the intervittal spaces with sparse
short black bristles, but few humeral and marginal bristles, the series in front of
the halteres indefinitely consisting of about five bristles, of which only two are
long ; scutellum with from four to six marginal bristles, generally with two well-
separated median and two short outer bristles; pectus devoid of bristles. Abdo-
men sparsely hairy, dull grayish in the female, silky white pollinose in the male,
ground color of the narrow posterior margins of the individual segments whit-
ish; hypopygium compressed, narrow, gaping, the central filament slender,
strongly bowed, hidden at the very tip, the lamelle extending obliquely upward,
lightly dusted, middle lamelle emarginate above, the upper lamelle not deeply
but broadly excised above. Cox and legs yellowish, the tips of the trochanters
and of the femora narrowly black, the black hairs of the legs not dense, in the
male the hairs are long, especially on the outer portions, tarsi and more or less
of the tip of the tibie darkened ; legs of the female simple and slender, of the
male slender, but the tip of the hind femora beneath with three subterminal
small tubercles in longitudinal series, the proximal globose, the middle one a
little toward the inner side, truneate and bounded outwardly by a distinct black
spine, the third medially placed and bounded both inwardly and outwardly by a
row of black bristles, the outside row being of greater extent; corresponding
with the femoral tubercles the base of the tibia is peculiarly dentate, the three
basal teeth evident and each tipped with a black spine, beyond the teeth the
under edge of the tibia is serrulate and ciliate with short black hairs; the hairs
of the outer edge of the tibie and tarsi long, tarsi of both male and female be-
neath with short thick black bristles, metatarsi about equal to the next three
tarsal joints, the front metatarsi of the female and the middle metatarsi of the
male are, however, shorter, the hind metatarsi of the female and the fore and
hind ones of the male are as thick as the tips of the tibiae. Halteres pale yellow.
Wings clear hyaline, veins narrow fuscous, stigma obsolete, the third vein
stronger than the others, furcate before the tip of the marginal cell, the fureation

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

316 A. L. MELANDER.

acute, the anterior branch straight, the posterior branch terminating in the wing-
margin slightly beyond the tip; first suabmarginal cell broader than the marginal,
ahout as broad as the first posterior cell; sixth vein evanescent toward its apex ;
no strong costal bristles present.

Nineteen specimens; Idaho (J. M. Aldrich).

N Empis loripedis Coquillett (Fig. 131).
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 400.

Male.—Head black, gray pollinose; eyes separated as widely as the posterior
ocelli, facets of a uniform size; antenne black, third joint somewhat over twice
as long as the first, slender, tapering gradually to the middle, thence of an equal
breadth ; style nearly one-third as long as the third joint; proboscis one and one-
half times as long as the height of the head, palpi yellow. Thorax black, opaque
gray pollinose, marked with four dark brownish vitte, almost destitute of pile,
the bristles black; pleura black, sometimes partly yellowish, bluish gray polli-
nose, pile in front of halteres biack ; scutellum black, gray pollinose, bearing two
bristles. Abdomen compressed, shining, black; the broad hind margin of each
segment laterally yellow, sometimes extending to the anterior edges of the seg-
ment. dividing the black color into three vitte, medio-dorsal and lateral; pile of
abdomen sparse, black; venter yellow; hypopygium rather large, ascending,
abundantly black-pilose, middle lamelle yellow, broadening to the tip; filament
very thick at base, then suddenly attenuated and bristle-like, arcuate. Legs,
including the coxe, light yellow; apical half of front tibiz and extreme apex of
the others, front tarsi wholly, apex of the first two joints and the whole of the
remaining joints on the middle and hind tarsi, usually but not always a dark
brown ; all the tibiz and tarsi furnished with numerous long black pile; on the
under side of each hind femur before its apex is an irregular, three-pronged pro-
cess, and on the inner side of each hind tibia near its base are two processes, one
behind the other; just before the basal process the tibia is hollowed out; front
metatarsi nearly twice as long and three times as thick as the middle ones, hind
metatarsi one-half thicker and one-third longer than the middle ones. Knob of
halteres light yellow. Wings dark gray, stigma slightly darker, vein dark brown.
6-7 mm.

Female.—Like the male, except that the hind femora and tibiz are destitute of
processes, the front metatarsi are not thicker than the middle ones, while the
hind metatarsi are much thicker than and fully as long as the front ones; abdo-
men tapering to the apex.

Illinois and Ohio.

Empis gladiator sp. nov. (Fig. 134).

Male and Female.—Length 6-7 mm.—Rather slender, more or less yellow spe-
cies. Head black, cinereous, occiput somewhat conically formed ; eyes wine-red,
separated a little more widely than the posterior ocelli, which are, however,
rather close together, facets small, uniform ; palpi slender, yellow, with very few
short hairs; proboscis one and one-half times the head-height, yellowish, the ex-
treme tip darkened, the labella fleshy, fulvous, reaching down one-half the
length of the proboscis in the male and to the tip in the female; antennz slen-
der, as long as the head-height, the first two joints dark fuscous, provided with a

AMERICAN DIPTERA. ili

few short hairs, the first joint over twice as long as the second, the third joint
twice as long as the first, glabrous, lanceolate, somewhat blunt in the female,
black, the arista two-thirds the length of the third joint; bristles of the occiput
in two rows. Mesonotum normally with brownish gray dust over a black
ground, sometimes the covering effaced, when the thoracie dise is highly polished,
marked with four brown, conspicuous, rather broad vitte, the outer two abbrevi-
ated in front; the intervittal spaces with a few minute bristles, margin of the
notum with four macrochete, one on the humerus, one supra-alar, one on the
post-alar ridge and one in front of this; scutellum with two marginal macroche-
tee; the humeri, pectus, post-alar ridge, margin of the scutellum, sides of the
metanotum and the pleure largely yellowish, dusted with cinereous; the ground
color of the pleuree darkened above the base of the four posterior coxse and in
front of the root of the wings; bristles of the pronotal collar slender, sparse, of
the metapleural row about three in number, Abdomen shining, yellowish, with
an indistinctly limited median blackish stripe; the segments with a subapical
series of long slender black bristles, the hairs of the abdomen sparse and minute ;
hypopygium comparatively long, vertical, yellowish, not densely provided with
hair, nearly closed, but its parts visible, central filament slender, curved, ex-
posed, except near the tip, the middle lamelle erect, their posterior margin
inflected, the apical corner with a deep emargination; the upper lamelle rela-
tively small, with dense, fine hairs; styles of the female reddish. Coxe yellow,
all provided with few black hairs on the front surface near the tip; trochanters
and tip of fémora with the usual small black spots; legs yellow, except the more
or less brownish tarsi, rather slender, the hind femora not surpassing the abdo-
men and not longer than the tibiae; none of the metatarsi thickened, the front
ones as long as the next three joints, the hind ones somewhat shorter, the middle
metatarsi as long as the two succeeding joints; the last four tarsal joints with a
double series of spinose hairs; legs clothed with short black hairs, longest distally
and conspicuous on the hind legs of the male; trochanters simple; the hind
femora of the male swollen on the outer third, provided with a subapical median
tubercle on the under side, which is tipped with a slender black spine curved
towards the end of the femur, on a line with this, but on the infero-exterior
edge, is a short fringe of black bristles, on the outer under edge, opposite the
fringe, is a scoop-shaped triangular dilatation of the femur, with a subapical
emargination on the hind edge; these processes articulate with structures near
the base of the tibia, the median spine of the femur corresponding with an elon-
gate blunt tubercle, into the emargination of the femoral scoop fits a small tooth
which is provided on the outer side with a small fringe of black bristles; the
apex of the hind femora provided with a series of bristles above, and narrowed
as in the angulate basal part of the tibia; legs of the female simple, not thick-
ened, MHalteres pale yellow. Wings slender, long, hyaline, with a faint brown-
ish tinge, no stigmal spot present; the furcation of the third vein, which takes
place opposite the end of the marginal cell, the posterior branch ending beyond
the wing-tip; discal cell rather small, the proximal section of the vein bounding
it anteriorly one-fourth the length of the second section, no long costal bristles
present.

Numerous specimens of both sexes. Lawrence, Kansas (Dr. S.

W. Williston).

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

318 A. L. MELANDER.

Empis arthritica sp. nov. (Figs. 135, 144).

Male and Female. Length 5 mm.—Slender, pale gray pollinose. Eyes of the
male separated as widely as the length of the second antennal joint, in the fe-
male somewhat more, facets uniformly small; palpi small, pale yellow, with but
one minute subapical black hair; proboscis about twice the height of the head,
reddish, labella as long as the proboscis, pale yellow; antenne slender, black,
about as long as the head-height, the first joint two times as long as the second,
the third joint nearly three times the length of the first, slender, lanceolate, not
sharp at the tip, arista scarcely longer than the second antennal joint; occiput
black, cinereous-pollinose, its bristles small, in two transverse rows. Thorax
light gray pollinose, the dorsum quadrivittate with brownish, the intervittal
bristles very sparse and minute; one large humeral bristle present, the margi-
nal macrochete three in number; in front of the halteres two small and one
minute bristles, the scutellum with two central small and two outer minute bris-
tles; no pectal bristles, pronotal series minute; the ground color of the pectus,
the humeral callosities, edge of the scutellum, and two pleural spots above the
middle and hind coxe more or less yellowish. Abdomen shining, glabrous, ex-
cept for a few short submarginal bristles, yellowish ; hypopygium yellow, mod-
erately small, compressed, nearly vertical, nearly closed, central filament thick-
ened at the base, curved, exposed, except the tip, middle lameile comparatively
small, convex, excised at the tip, the upper lamelle small. exposed. Legs includ-
ing the coxe yellow, trochanters and femora tipped with a small black spot, the
tarsi brownish apically ; legs slender, the hind femora reaching or stirpassing the
end of the abdomen; all the metatarsi about as long as the two following joints,
the front ones of the male a little longer, nearly as thick as the tibiz but not
appearing swollen, the tarsi spinose beneath, pulvilli minute, yellowish ; trochan-
ters simple; hind knees of the male armed, the femora gradually but slightly
thickened distally, at the distal fourth on the outer inferior edge with a small
tubercle capped by a pencil of black bristles, beyond which is a series of five
scattered bristles, the inner inferior corner is explanate into a concave plate
which is excised proximally to a spur and carina, the tibia exceedingly thin at
its angular base, then suddenly swollen inwardly and produced as a strong
bristly process which articulates into the concavity of the femoral plate, the outer
edge of the abrupt tibial swelling deeply excised to receive the incurved femoral
spur. Halteres pale yellow. Wiugs narrow, nearly hyaline, no stigmal darken-
ing, veins fine, dark fuscous, the third vein furcate slightly in advance of the
end of the marginal cell, its posterior branch terminating slightly beyond the
wing-tip; the first section of the anterior border of the discal cell one-fourth the
length of the second section, the discal cell narrow; first and second posterior
cells of equal width at the base; costa destitute of long bristles.

Montgomery Co., Pennsylvania (C. W. Johnson).

Empis podagra sp. nov.

Male and Female. Length 6 mm.—Black, more or less coated with cinereous
pollen. Eyes separated as widely as the distant posterior ocelli, facets uniform,
small. Palpi black, sparsely bristly toward the tip; proboscis wholly black,
about one and one-half times the head-height. Occipital bristles dense, in two
rows. Thorax wholly cinereous, marked with four brown mesonotal vitte

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 319

which are as wide as the interyitte ; intervittal bristles minute, sparse ; scutellum
with four bristles, the central pair widely separated ; six fine hairs in the meta-
pleural row. Abdomen slender, black, the male abdomen is shining above, ex-
cepting the first and half of the second segments, abdomen of the female sparsely
dusted ; hypopygium shining, black, terminal, not large, upper lamelle visible
one-third as large as the oblong middle lamella, both densely hairy, central fila-
ment moderately slender, strongly arcuate, basal part exposed. Coxe cinereous,
trochanters black ; legs short, femora brown, piceous apically, hind ones reaching
the fifth abdominal segment, tibize piceous, black apically, tarsi black; of the
male the hind femora are provided with a long sharp bristly projection just be-
yond the middle of the outer under side, between this and the tip of the femur
with a small median mammiform tubercle, the apical fourth of the outer under
edge is fringed with sparse bristles commencing in a dense pencil, the apical
eighth of the inner under edge is provided with a dense fringe; the hind tibize
of the male suddenly swollen near the knee to a flat prominence tipped with a
long black pencil, diagonally across from this is a swollen tubercle provided with
a black brush on its flattened top, the hind tibiz densely bristly ; hind metatarsi
thickened, and of the male the front ones likewise, the hind ones of less diameter
than their tibiz, the front ones of greater diameter, tarsi densely spinose below.
Halteres yellow. Wings hyaline, with a faint cinereous tinge, stigmal spot elon-
gate, the furcation of the third vein slightly before the tip of the marginal cell,
the vein between the first basal and the discal cells shorter than that between
the second basal and the discal cells, and one-fourth the length of the second sec-
tion of the anterior border of the discal cell; anal vein thin.

Three males and two females; Juliaetta and Peck, Idaho. From

Prof. J. M. Aldrich.

Empis mira Bigot.
Enoplempis mira Bigot, Bull. Soc. ent. France, 1880, p. 47.

Enoplempis Bigot.—Hind femora robust; below, at the tip, strongly armed and
unidentate, the tibie below at the base similarly mucronate and unidentate, the
teeth with small hairs, thick.

E. mira. Male.—Fulvo-testaceous; the apex of the antenne, the proboscis
above, five vitte of the thorax, the lateral ones interrupted, fusco-canous; wings
yellowish. 6 mm.

California.
Empis Bigoti nom. nov.
Enoplempis cinerea Bigot, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1882, p. 91.

Cinereous, antenne fuscous; front cinereous; thorax with four castaneous
vittz ; incisures of the abdomen fuscous; halteres testaceous ; trochanters infus-
cated; legs fulvous; femora, the apex of the tibiz and the tarsi fuscous, poste-
rior tibiz infuseated over all; wings subhyaline, with a scarcely perceptible,
elongate, very slender fuscous stigma. 6 mm.

California,
In addition to this the generic characters may be added, as given
under E. mira Bigot.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

320 A. L. MELANDER.

In as much as Mr. Coquillett has recognized “ what is evidently
this species”’ it seems unjust to Mr. Bigot that ‘‘as the name Empis
cinerea is preoccupied for a European species, Bigot’s description of
Enoplempis cinerea should be cancelled.” It is better to adopt a
more geueral precedent, so hereafter the species may be known as
E. Bigoti.

Empis manca Coguillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 406.

Male.—Head black, gray pollinose, eyes separated the width of the lowest
ocellus, facets of a uniform size; antenne black, third joint narrow, elongate,
style one-third as long as the third joint; proboscis one and one-half times as long
as height of head, palpi yellow. Thorax black, opaque, gray pollinose, marked
with four black pollinose vitte, its sparse pile and bristles black; pleura black,
light gray pollinose, its pile black; scutellum black, gray pollinose, bearing four
black bristles. Abdomen dark brown, hind margin of each segment whitish,
opaque whitish pollinose, its pile or bristles along the hind margins of the seg-
ments long, black; hypopygium yellowish brown, very large, erect, its pile
black ; central filament very robust, arcuate, free except towards the apex, its
extreme tip dilated. Legs slender, yellow, including the coxe; on the under
side of the hind femora, before the apex, is a low swelling, in front of which is a
robust, backwardly directed hook, while between the apex of the femur and the
swelling on the inner side is a black, conical projection fringed near the base be-
hind, with one large and two small tooth-like projections; on the front and also
on the hind side of the hind tibiz near the base is a fringe of short black bristles,
below which, on the inner side of the tibia, is a conical projection, at which point
the tibia is rather suddenly bent outward; hind metatarsi slightly thicker, but
shorter, than the front ones. Halteres yellow. Wings grayish hyaline, stigma
and veins brown, a long bristle on the costa near its base.

Female.—Same as the male, except that the front is slightly broader, the abdo-
men blackish, light gray pollinose, and the hind legs simple, but much thicker
than the others. 4-5 mm.

Southern California (Coquillett).

Empis valentis Coquillett (Fig. 138).
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 402.

Female.—Differs from Empis comantis as follows: femora entirely yellowish,
apices of tibiee and whole of tarsi black, third antennal joint twice as long as the
first, style less than one-half as long as the third joint. Pile of thorax sparse,
black ; on each end of the pleura, cox, abdomen and venter, wholly black ; on
venter and on sides of abdomen very short and sparse. Scutellum destitute of
white pile, naked, except for the ten marginal bristles. Abdomen opaque, light
gray pollinose, hind margins of the fifth and sixth, and the following segments -
wholly, shining. Femora not thickened, the hind ones scarcely thicker than
their tibiz ; pile and bristles of femora minute. Wings hyaline, anterior branch
of the third vein straight and nearly perpendicular. 9 mm.

Northern California.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 321

This species, which is associated with E. comantis only in locality,
must be further characterized thus:

Male and Female.—Eyes of the male widely separated. The usual apical
femoral black spot is broadened in the male; the hind femora of the male are
curved and are provided with a large bifid tubercle on the under side at the
outer fourth, the inner spur of which is short, the outer provided with a bunch
of short black hairs, beyond this on the inner under edge of the femur is a small
mammiform process, beyond which is a fringe consisting of four small black
spine-like hairs; the hind tibiz are nearly straight, near the base on the inner
under side with a large tubercle, apically provided with a bunch of short black
hairs forming a spur-like pencil, distal to this on the outer under edge of the
tibia is a still larger tubercle, which is fringed outwardly by a series of long
black hairs. Metatarsi not enlarged, tarsi strongly spinose beneath. Hypopy-
giuin terminal, small, closed, central filament swollen at the exposed base, upper
lamelle projecting beyond the middle ones. Halteres black. The scutellar bris-
tles vary in number from six to twelve. The bristles in front of the halteres are
dense, about twenty in number.

Numerous specimens from various parts of California.

Empis clauda Cognillett.
Proc. Wash. Acad., 1900, p. 407.

Black, the palpi, proboscis, humeri, lateral margins of metanotum, scutellum, a
large spot below insertion of each wing, the halteres, coxee and remainder of
legs, also base of venter, yellow, apices of tarsi brown; eyes of male separated
less than width of lowest ocellus, third joint of antenne broad at base, tapering
rapidly to the apex, about twice as long as the style, proboscis slightly over twice
as long as height of head; hairs and bristles of body and legs black; mesonotum
opaque, gray pruinose, marked with four indistinct, brownish vittee ; scutellum
bearing four bristles; abdomen slightly polished, hypopygium small, ascending
obliquely, the dorsal piece prolonged at each posterior corner in the form of a
flattened, almost linear process, central filament unusually robust, arcuate, free,
except toward its apex; no ventral process in front of the hypopygium ; hind
femora of male each bearing a hook-like process on the under side a short dis-
tance before the apex, curved backward and covered with short hairs, while be-
yond it are two bare, pimple-like swellings; on the inner side of the femora,
nearer the apex, is a fringe of about five rather short spinous bristles; hind tibise
of male each bearing a bare, slightly arcuate process on the outer side near the
base, while opposite it, on the inner side, isa low prominence beset with short
bristly hairs; legs of female simple, not fringed with scales; wings grayish hya-
line, stigma brown, veins brown, normal. 5-7 mm.

Alaska. Ne

Empis poplitea Loew.
Cent. iii, 29.

Male and Female.—Cinereous, opaque, all the hairs and bristles short, black.
Head concolorous, black-pilose, eyes of the male separated. Antennz black, third
joint elongated and strongly attenuated towards the apex. Palpi very small, tes-
tuceous. Proboscis strong, black, badious above, nearly equalling twice the length

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (41) SEPTEMBER, 1902.

Bee A. L. MELANDER.

of the head. Thorax with four fuscous vitte. Hypopygium of the male small,
rather sunked and closed, the upper lamellee small, grayish black, the lower
small, testaceous, the central filament hidden. Coxz blackish, cinereous. Legs
red, with sparse black pile, the hairs of the tibiee and of the tarsi longer and a
little more dense; the extreme tip of the femora spotted with a black dot; apex
of the tibiee blackish; tarsi black, the base of the first joint often dark red ; pos-
terior knees of the male drawn out into three strong apophyses, one at the tip of
the femora and two at the base of the tibiae. Halteres dusky yellow. Wings
rather long, the veins strong, fuscous, stigma pale yellowish, rather faint. 5 mm.

Sitka, Alaska (Sahlberg).

Unfortunately the few minor characters omitted in this descrip-
tion make it impossible to include this species in our table.

Mr. Coquillett determines specimens received from Prof. Cocker-
ell, from the Hudsonian Zone of New Mexico as Loew’s species.

The following characters are common to the remaining species,
which, with the five preceding, constitute a very natural group.

Body black, closely pollinose, occiput biseriately black bristiy,
densely above and beneath. Eyes dark red, separated as widely as
the posterior ocelli at the narrowest part of the front in the male,
and slightly more in the female. Palpi small, slender, curved, yel-
lowish, more or less fuscous at the base, with one preapical minute
black bristle, or none. Proboscis one and one-half to two times
the head-height, dark red, not thick but strong, the labella slender,
black. Antennee black, equalling the eye-height, the first two joints
eylindrical, with a few short black hairs, and more or less pruinose,
together shorter than the third joint; third joint lanceolate, opaque
jet black, the style one-third the length of the third joint, of smaller
diameter than the tip of the joint. Thorax quadrivittate, generally
with broad brown vittee, the middle ones abbreviated posteriorly and
the lateral ones anteriorly; the intervittal bristles minute, a small
median row present; a bunch of bristles under the halteres, dorsum
margined by three or four short macrochetz. Abdomen straight,
opaque pollinose, longer than the head and thorax together, with
very few bristles and no pubescence; hypopygium small, closed,
densely pubescent, the central filament swollen at the base, of the
shape of a scorpion-sting, reddish. Coxe dusted, provided with
black bristles on the forward side, the hind ones always with a
bunch near the tip below, trochanters tipped with black or wholly
black, femora with a narrow terminal black ring if light colored ;

* AMERICAN DIPTERA. S3)

legs more or less shining; tarsi always short spinose beneath ; the
hind knees of the male with peculiar sexual armament, legs of
female simple, not fringed with scales; pulvilli and claws small,
the pulvilli dirty white, the claws reddish at the base, black
apically. Halteres pale yellow. Wings nearly pure hyaline, the
veins strong, dark fuscous, no stigmal spot or with a very faint
indication of one, no strong costal bristles.
Western species.

Empis aerobatica sp. nov.

Male and Female. Length 5 mm.—Gray-dusted species. Eyes of the male
separated twice as widely as the posterior ocelli, of the female scarcely more.
Palpi yellow, with one minute hair beneath. First antennal joint scarcely one
and one-half times the length of the second joint. Thoracic vittse narrow, as
broad as the intervitte, generally well defined, the intervitte gray, with a slight
bluish tinge when viewed in a strong light; but one marginal bristle above the
base of the wings. Bristles of the occiput, pronotum, humeri, scutellum, abdo-
men and legs minute; scutellum with four bristles; about five minute bristles in
front of the halteres, pectus with about three minute bristles on each side. Hy-
popygium in part gray-dusted; central filament gradually narrowed, brown ;
upper lamelle triangular, about two-thirds as large as the middle ones, wholly
visible. Coxe more or less darkened at the base, legs fuscous, darker on the
femora above and the tibiz apically ; tarsi short spinose, front and middle ones
not enlarged, hind ones moderately thickened; hind femora not thicker than
the tibize, not reaching the hypopygium, in the male provided with a short diag-
onally transverse process, the inner apical angle of which bears a pencil of black
hairs, beyond which the inner inferior edge of the femur is ciliate with about
four bristles and a few hairs; the base of the tibia bears on the under side two
prominent tubercles, the first with a scattered pencil of black bristles, the second
with a brush of short hairs on its obliquely truncate apical edge. Wings narrow,
clear hyaline, those of the male with a very long base; furcation of the third
vein variable, before the end of the marginal cell, or opposite the end, the poste-
rior branch terminating near the extreme wing-tip; discal and posterior cells
rather elongate, the hind margin of the discal cell about three-fourths the length
of the outward continuation of that vein; anal vein much reduced, sharply
vanishing.

Seven males and four females; California and Idaho.

This is the balloon-making fly about which Messrs. Aldrich and
Turley have written a most entertaining account in the American
Naturalist, 1899. The male forms a large hollow frothy bag, in the
front end of which is imprisoned a small fly. Flying with this
structure between its hind legs it courts the female who alights on
the back of her selected mate. The pair then settle slowly to the
ground, and after copulation the male discards the balloon which
then has served its purpose of attracting the female during courtship.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

324 A. L. MELANDER. °

Empis nodipes sp. nov. (Fig. 143).

Male. Length 6.5 mm.—A slender species. Cinereous, plumbeous. Eyes
maroon-colored, separated as narrowly as the posterior ocelli, facets moderately
small; palpi small, fuscous, with one short subapical black hair; proboscis
scarcely one and one-half times the head-height, reddish, the black labella not
reaching to the tip; antenne slender, shorter than the head-height, black, pice-
ous at the base, first joint over two times the length of the second, third joint
three times the length of the first, lanceolate, the arista as long as the first joint;
bristles of the occiput sparse, minute, in two transverse series. Thorax plum-
beous gray, the dorsum with four narrow brown vitte, the outer much abbrevi-
ated anteriorly; the intervittal bristles minute, the marginal macrochete short,
few in number; four short bristles in the row in front of the halteres, pronotal
bristles wanting (broken ?); but two small scutellar bristles. Abdomen slender,
cinereous, opaque, without macrochete ; hypopygium small, closed, central fila-
ment much swollen at base, the basal part exposed, remainder hidden, middle
lamella convex, shining, truncated above, hiding the small upper lamelle. Legs
including the cox yellow, slender, tips of trochanters and of femora minutely
black, tarsi brownish toward tip, tarsi slender, long, spinose beneath, metatarsi
not thickened, macrochete of legs moderate; trochanters unarmed ; hind femora
swollen near the tip, the outer inferior angle of the swelling with a fringe of
black bristle-like hairs; hind tibizw with a similar swelling near its base, but cili-
ate on both sides with black hairs, hind tibizw on inner side at the tip fimbriate
with short yellow scales; hind femora not reaching the hypopygium, scarcely as
thick on basal portion as the apical part of the tibie. Halteres pale yellow.
Wings subhyaline, veins thin, dark fuscous, stigma obsolete; third vein furcate
before the tip of the marginal cell, the posterior branch ending beyond the tip
of the wing; the first section of the front border of the discal cell one-fourth the
length of the second ; second posterior cell very narrow at its base; no long cos-
tal bristles.

A single male; Magdalena, New Mexico.

Empis serperastrorum sp. noy. (Figs. 136, 145).

Length 6-7 mm.—Olivaceous gray species of exceedingly great variability in
the color of the appendages. Palpi reddish to black, with a few hairs; proboscis
wholly black, sometimes reddish on basal part, labella never exceeding the pro-
boscis in length. First antennal joint two times the length of the second.
Occipital bristles sparse, or dense ; thoracic bristles sparse; scutellum with two
small widely separated bristles, females often with four; the row in front of the
halteres consisting of from three to five small bristles. Hypopygium small, ter-
minal, not higher than the abdomen, or sometimes slightly larger, upper lamelle
concealed, central filament flat exteriorly, completely hidden, the tip not expla-
nate. Legs including the coxee wholly black, or wholly yellow, except the
darkened tarsi, rather stoutish; the hind femora reaching the tip of the abdo-
men in the female, but comparatively shorter in the male; the hair-like bristles
rather dense on the front metatarsi and on the outer portion of the hind tibize of
the male; all the parts of the female leg slender; of the male the front meta-
tarsi are swollen slightly beyond the thickness of their tibiz, the remainder of
the legs, except the hind knees, simple; hind femora widened laterally on the

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 325

outer third before the tip, on the underside with a short, thick, transverse bifur-
cate process, the outer projection of which is closely fimbriate within with black
scale-like hairs, while the inner is sharply angulate and terminates in a distal
direction as a short spur, midway between the outer projection and the tip of the
femur are three closely placed bristles; articulating into the distal end of the
femur is a large bristling projection on the tibia, distal to which and articulating
with the fimbriate edge of the outer bifurcation of the femoral process is a small
median tubercle, across from this on the inner (posterior) side of the tibia is a
prominent bifurcate bristly process directed distally and medially, beyond which
is another median tubercle, but larger and more pointed than the first, or some-
times reduced to a mere swelling; the tips of the two bifurcate processes are
always black, the bases are always concolorous with the rest of the legs; middle
tibize of both sexes tipped with a series of from five to eight stiff black bristles
on the inner side. Wings sometimes faintly smoky, veins narrow to strong; stig-
mal spot very faint; furcation of the third vein opposite or in advance of the tip
of the marginal cell, its posterior branch ending beyond the wing-tip; the first
section of the anterior boundary of the discal cell about one-fourth the length
of the second section; hind margin of the discal cell shorter than the outward
continuation of that vein.

Colorado and Idaho (J. M. Aldrich). Ninety specimens of both
sexes.

Empis dolabraria sp. nov.

Male and Female. Length 6 mm.—A brownish species. First antennal joint
one and one-half times the second; palpi yellow; occipital bristles numerous,
confused, long below. Scutellum with six marginal bristles, the cluster in front
of the halteres consisting of six to eight, a small bunch of hairs present above
the base of the front coxee; mesonotal vitte broad, brownish, abdomen of the
male brownish gray, concolorous with the scutellum, intervittal spaces and the
pleure ; abdomen of the female gray. Abdomen short; hypopygium small, outer
portion of the base of the central filament visible, the middle lamellz small, the
upper lamelle porrect, extending upwards. Coxe blackish, the very tips paler,
trochanters black; legs short, reddish, the tarsi black, hind femora and tibize
somewhat bent, rather stout, the hind femora not reaching the end of the abdo-
men, tarsi long spinose beneath, hairs of the tibiz strong, bristles short; male
hind femora slightly swollen on the posterior side before the tip, beneath with a
subapical transverse bifurcate process, the outer projection of which is long and
tipped with a minute pencil, male hind tibiz suddenly enlarged beyond the knee
and there sparsely ciliate on both sides with black bristles, beyond the swelling
there is a prominent process on the outer inferior edge fringed on the proximal
side with short scale-like bristles. This articulates with the larger projection of
the femoral process. Wings rather broad in the male, slender in the female,
clear hyaline, the third vein fureate beyond the tip of the marginal cell, the pos-
terior branch ending at the wing-tip, the proximal section of the anterior bound-
ary of the discal cell more than one-fourth as long as the distal section, the hind
boundary three-fifths as long as the continuation of that vein.

A male and a female; California (Baron).

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

326 A. L. MELANDER.

Empis dolabraria subsp. nov. disconvenita.

An incipient species which will have to be connected with the
foregoing for the present.

The differences lie in the wing-neuration ; the furcation of the
third vein takes place opposite the end of the marginal cell, the
posterior branch of the fork terminates beyond the extreme wing-
tip; the discal cell is larger, the first section of its front border is
less than one-fifth the length of the second section, while the hind
border is as long as the continuation of that vein. The occipital
bristles are much stouter in this form.

One male and one female; California.

Empis faleata sp. nov. (Fig. 137).

Male and Female. Length 7.5 mm. or less.—A very slender species, with sparse
bristles. Face and front narrow; palpi pale, with two minute preapical hairs:
labella less than two-thirds as long as the proboscis; antennz slender, compara-
tively long, the first joint fully two times as long as the second, the third joint
narrow at the base and gradually attenuated, rather blunt at the tip, the style’
less than one-fourth the length of the third joint. Scutellum with two small
widely separated marginal bristles, and a minute outer pair on each side of these ;
no pectal bristles; pronotal collar minute but distinct; in front of the halteres
are three small bristles. _Hypopygium projecting above the abdomen, compara-
tively large, the central filament not suddenly enlarged, plainly visible at the
base, the middle lamelle large. Legs slender, wholly yellowish, except the usual
spots on the trochanters and the knees, their bristles strong, especially on the
hind tibiz and the tarsi, but nowhere lengthened ; tarsi long and slender, espe-
cially the front and middle pairs; hind femora not reaching the hypopygium,
with a subapical lateral tubercle on the posterior side, in front of which on the
under side is a transverse bifurcate process, the inner (posterior) portion of which
is slender, strongly curved and pointed, the outer is short and stout and tipped
with a pencil of black seale-like bristles; hind tibia somewhat curved, slender
at the knee, articulating with the lateral femoral process is an emarginate, almost
medially placed process, the posterior portion of which is tipped with a small]
eurved brush of black hairs, diagonally in front of this, but still on the lower
side of the tibiz, is a broad, flat protuberance, black apically and fringed on the
outer edge with long stout black bristles. The third longitudinal vein fureate
at the tip of the marginal cell, the posterior branch ending beyond the extreme
wing tip, the first section of the anterior border of the discal cell less than one-
third the length of the second section, the hind border shorter than the continu-
ation of that vein.

One male from Berkely, California, March 26, 1897 ; collected by
Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler. A male and a female, Juliaetta, Idaho;
collected by Prof. J. M. Aldrich.

Empis Canaster sp. noy. (Figs. 139, 140).
Male und Female. Length 7 mm,—A slender gray species. Palpi infuscated at

AMERICAN DIPTERA. Bl

the base, provided with one long and several short preapical fine black hairs;
labella more deeply bifid than usual in this group; first antennal joint two times
the second; the third joint rather slender; postocular bristles short. Protho-
racic collar even; humeral bristles small; no pectal bristles; scutellar bristles
inconstant, generally two small and two minute bristles; the row in front of the
halteres with three to five small bristles. Abdomen slender, long; the middie
lamelle of the hypopygium erect, strongly shining, covering the upper lamelle,
the swollen basal part of the central filament visible. Coxe reddish apically, or
wholly yellow, their bristles reduced ; legs slender, hind femora shorter than the
abdomen ; legs reddish, exeept the front tarsi and more or less of the remaining
tarsi, which vary from brown to black; front metatarsi of the male three-fourths
as long as their tibie and of slightly greater diameter; bristles of the legs be-
coming fine and long apically, especially on the outer side of the male hind tibiz ;
the spine-like bristles of the plantar surface of the tarsi rather long; armament
of the hind knees of the male close to the femero-tibial joint; hind femora slen-
der, but little thickened at the armament, hind femora and tibie but little bent;
near the tip of the hind femur the underside is produced into a short, bipartite,
transverse process, the inner projection of which is short and sharply angular,
the outer flattened, situated on the median line and capped by a close fringe of
“short black scales; between this structure and the tip of the femur is a short
sharp, backwardly directed, median tooth; hind tibize gradually enlarged from
the knee, the slender base with a single long process on the under side, tipped
with a pencil of black bristle-like hairs; these structures are not bounded by
fringes of bristles. Wings long, slender, very lightly infumated ; the third vein
furcate before the tip of the marginal cell, the posterior branch curved backward
ending beyond the tip of the wing; posterior cells long; hind margin of the dis-
cal cell nearly one-half the length of the outward continuation of the vein, the
first section of the anterior border nearly one-fourth the length of the second
section.

Seven males, one female; Idaho, Oregon.

Empis mixopolia sp. nov.

Male and Female.—Rather stout small species of gray-brown color. Palpi infus-
cated more or less at the base, and with one distinct preapical bristle beneath ;
first antennal joint once and a half the length of the second joint, the third joint
comparatively small ; occipital bristles moderately long, in two well-defined rows.
Thorax gray, more or less olivaceous on the dorsum and with the vitte brown.
scutellum gray, provided with four marginal bristles; the bristles of the pronotal
collar long; a smail bunch of hairs present on each side of the pectus; about
ten uneven bristles in front of the halteres; between the four macrochete above
the base of the wing and the humeral macrochetze at most but three minute
bristles on the margin of the mesonotum, the humeri with few minute bris-
tles ; abdomen with small bristles towards the base ; middle lamellz of the hypo-
pygium yellowish at the extreme tip, not entirely concealing the upper lamelle ;
the whole of the thickened base of the central filament exposed ; hairs of the
hypopygium short. Coxe darkened at the base, their hairs minute; legs robust,
short, reddish, the tarsi and the upper side of the femora blackened ; the bris-
tles of the outer side of the tibiw strong, uniformly widely distant (i. e., six on

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

328 A. L. MELANDER.

each side of the well-marked median glabrous streak) ; none of the metatarsi en-
larged, the hind tarsi stoutest; hind femora distinctly bowed, hind tibize some-
what bent; hind femora of the male beneath with a single preapical flat tuber-
cle which is tipped at its outer corner with a short pencil of black hairs, between
this projection and the tip of the femur is a black fringe on each side beneath,
the outer one containing only three minute hairs closely placed, the inner one
conspicuous, consisting of four long, stout bristles, and as many hairs; the hind
tibize of the male stout, with two prominent basal tubercles, one on each side of
the median line and one in advance of the other, the more basal (on the inner
side) capped by a pencil of black hairs, the other with a dense short brush.
Wings clear hyaline, the third vein furcate just beyond the end of the marginal
cell, its posterior branch ending at the extreme wing-tip or slightly in advance;
the first section of the front border of the discal cell one-third to one-fourth the
length of the outward continuation of that vein; the third vein turns slightly
upward, leaving the first posterior cell distinctly wider than the first submarginal.
5mm.

Numerous specimens from Idaho, collected by Prof. J. M. Aldrich.

Empis zeripes sp. nov. (Fig. 141).

Female. Length 7.5 mm.—Stout species covered with whitish gray pollen.
Antenne stout, first joint two times the second ; palpi strongly infuscated, except
the apex, provided with numerous minute hairs below; occipital bristles strong
and dense; pronotal, pectal, humeral and coxal bristles prominent; scutellum
with eight to ten bristles, four to six short and four long, alternating, the central
pair long; in front of the halteres is a cluster of about nine bristles. Thoracic
vitte narrow, faint, not at all brownish, but nearly concolorous with the rest of
the body. Legs stout, dark fuscous, femora above, hind tibie apically and tarsi
blackish; hind femora and tibie bent, the tibial bristles stout. Wings nearly
clear, the very faint stigmal spot extremely narrow, veins blackish, clear-cut,
the third vein sinuous, furcate beyond the tip of the marginal cell, the posterior
branch terminating before the wing-tip, the first section of the front margin of
the discal cell one-fourth the length of the second section, the posterior border
two-thirds the length of the vein between the third and the fourth posterior cells.

Male.—Differing from the female very markedly in the color of the pollinose
coating which is not pure gray but mixed with brown. The vitte are brown
and diffuse into the intervittal spaces. The armament of the legs is very similar
to that of mizopolia, but is carried to a greater extent; the apical fringe of the
lower inner side of the hind femora contains about ten strong bristles besides
the four hairs; the more distal tubercle of the tibia is longer.

This, together with the preceding species, differs from all the
other species of Empis in the structure of the armament of the
male hind knees. It is distinct, however, from mixopolia, being a
much larger and more robust form. The black color of the whole
coxa, the numerous scutellar and other bristles, the larger discal
cell and diffused vittze of the thorax, the lateral ones of which
are not so much abbreviated as in mixopolia, and the specialized

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 329

structure of the hind legs readily separate this form from the pre-
ceding.
The collection contains numerous specimens of both sexes taken

in Idaho, by Prof. J. M. Aldrich.

EMPIMORPHA Coquillett.

Same as Empis, except that the face is covered with long bristly
hairs; antennal style apical, proboscis directed downward, longer
than the height of the head; third vein forked; discal cell perfect,
sending three veins to the wing margin; anal cell shorter than the
second basal, the vein at its apex nearly parallel with the hind mar-
gin of the wing.

Pile in front of the halteres and on the sides of the abdomen black.........-- 2:
Pile in front of the halteres and on the sides of the abdomen whitish.

comantis Coquillett.

2. Palpi, proboscis, legs and halteres largely reddish.......... barbata Loew.

Palpi, proboscis, legs and halteres black ...-...........-. gemeatis sp. nov.

o™ Empimorpha barbata Loew (Fig. 106).
Empis barbata Loew, Cent. ii, 19.

Head black, with long black pile. Eyes large, subcontiguous (male). First
two joints of the black antennz clothed with long black pile. Face bearded
with black pile. Palpi large, badious, with black pile. Proboscis very long,
much thickened at base. Thoracic dorsum black, opaque, black-pilose. with
three cinereous vitte, the median narrow, the outer ones broad. Pleurze black,
with cinereous-yellow pollen, bare, except for the bunch of black hairs in front
of the halteres. Abdomen black, subshining, opaque, towards the sides with
cinereous pollen, and provided with long black hairs. Hypopygium small, black-
pilose, the lower lamelle large, ovate, the middle filament short, awl-shaped.
Legs badious, with black hair, the extreme tip of the tibiz and the tarsi black,
but the metatarsi, except the apex, and the base of the next few joints badious.
Wings long, rather narrow towards the apex, fuscous, the costal cell ferruginous.
9mm.

California.

Empimorpha geneatis sp. nov. (Fig. 105).

Male. Length 6.5 mm.—Black, occiput, pleure and coxe lightly and finely
gray-pollinose. Eyes contiguous above the antenne; face, sides of occiput,
cheeks, palpi and upper side of the first antennal joint bearing very many long
black hairs. Antenne one-fourth longer than the height of the head, slender,
black, first joint equalling one-third the length of the antenna, second joint and
style short. Dorsum of thorax black, opaque, with two faint gray vitte ; very
sparingly hairy, a longer bunch of black hairs above the root of the wings; mar-
gin of scutellum with about fourteen hairs; a bunch of black hairs present be-
tween base of the wings and the halteres. Sides of first three abdominal seg-

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (42) SEPTEMBER, 1902.

330 A. L. MELANDER.

ments with black hairs, remainder of tergum nude (the venter is eaten off by
parasites) ; hypopygium small, not constricted at hase, black, from the under side
projects a small curved process, upper valves short-hairy. Legs piceous, with
black hairs, especially on front side of the coxee, and upper and under sides of
the front and middle femora and tibiae; hind legs gradually thickened, hind tar-
sal joints swollen, remainder of legs slender, simple. Halteres piceous. Wings
cinereous-hyaline, stigma faintly fuscous, veins dark brown.

One male; California (Baron).

Empimorpha comantis Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 396.

Head black, gray pollinose; pile of face mixed with black and white; eyes
narrowly separated, the space between them being narrower than the width of
the lowest ocellus, the upper facets being noticeably larger than the lower ones ;
antennee black, the second joint reddish, slightly over one-third as long as the
first; third joint subequal to the first, twice as long as broad; style slender,
as long as the third joint; proboscis two and one-half times as long as the height
of the head, projecting obliquely downward; palpi slender, curving upward,
yellowish, the base brown, the pile black and white. Thorax black, shining,
three vittz and the broad lateral margins opaque gray pollinose; pile of thorax
very abundant whitish, two longitudinal stripes of largely black pile on the dor-
sum; pleura black, thickly whitish pilose, destitute of stout bristles. Abdomen
shining black, depressed, twice as long as wide; its pile very abundant, on the
first two segments and the sides of the others largely whitish, on dorsum of the
remaining segments mostly black; legs rather robust, reddish yellow; coxe,
under side of each femur, apex of each tibia and of each tarsal joint blackish ;
legs simple, the pile abundant. Haiteres black. Wings hyaline, grayish towards
the apex; veins, stigma and a spot above furcation of second and third veins
dark brown. The female is the same as the above, except that the first abdomi-
nal segment and the bases of the next two are opaque gray pollinose. 11 mm.

Northern California (C. Fuchs).

PACH Y™MERIA Macquart.

Sparsely hairy species of stout aspect and gray-black color, very
much resembling Hmpis. This genus grades into Empis and Rham-
phomyia, but differs in that both sexes are dichoptic, that all the
femora are about equal in length, and that the hind femora are
strongly thickened.

Abdomen black, with white pollinose spots towards the apex... pudica Loew.
Abdomen unicolorous black. ..-..----- sees eee ee cece eee eee brevis Loew.

ae
Cent lop:

Head dark cinereous. Antenne black, first two joints cinerascent, sometimes
partly fuscous. Proboscis very long. Thorax 4-vittate with fuscous, with short
and sparse black hairs. Abdomen short, broad, black, shining, subglabrous, with
fine pale hairs, longer at the base and at the basal part of the lateral margins;

Pachymeria pudica Loew.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 331

last abdominal segment almost completely white-pollinose; the preceding seg-
ments marked on each side with a white-pollinose spot, very large in the female,
but smaller and not reaching the posterior margins of the segments in the male.
Hypopygium small; the upper appendages changed from lamellz to small, swol-
len, ovate, dusky yellow, very short and very finely pubescent bodies; filament
concealed. Coxe dusky gray, yellowish towards apex; femora black, apically
badious, sometimes wholly badious, below marked with a large black spot; tibize
testaceous, base often broadly badious; tarsi testaceous, last joint black. Hal-
teres whitish. Wings very pale cinerascent, veins fuscous. 5 mm.

District of Columbia (Osten Sacken).

Pachymeria brevis Loew.
Cent. ii, 22.

Head black, cinereous with pale pollen, occiput black-pilose. Antenne black.
Dorsum of thorax cinereous with pale pollen, very faintly sub-vittate, provided
with rigid hairs and black macrochete. Scutellum concolorous with the thorax,
with four marginal black bristles. Pleure black, cinereo-pollinose, and black-
pilose. Abdomen rather broad, sub-depressed, black, and black-pilose, Hypo-
pygium small, compressed, black, the lower lamelle ovate, the central filament
pale yellow, low, arcuate. Coxe black, cinereo-pollinose, black-pilose. Wings
cinerascent, veins fuscous. 4.2 mm.

District of Columbia (Osten Sacken).

ITEAPHILA Zetterstedt.

Small, blackish, rather thickly pubescent, Empis-like species.
Antennz longer than the head, plainly three-jointed, basal joints
short, with erect hairs, last joint oval, bare, with a very short arista.
Proboscis as long (female) or longer than the head, rather thick,
horizontal, palpi lengthened. Eyes of male contiguous, of the
female widely separated. The male abdomen small, with projecting
anal appendages. Legs slender, simple. Wings with the third vein
forked, the upper branch reaching straight to the costa; discal cell
present, with three apical veins; anal cell shorter than the second
basal, both bounded by a cross-vein almost parallel with the hind
margin ; anal angle strong.

Iteaphila Macquarti Zeterstedt.
Ins. Lapponica, 541, i.
Black, or piceous. Thoracic dorsum indistinctly vittate. Halteres black. Legs
black with reddish knees. Wings brownish (male) or hyaline (female) with the
veins plainly bordered with brown. 4 mm.

New Hampshire, Quebec.
Iteaphila perigrima sp. nov. (Fig. 97).

Length 3 mm.—Black, abdomen more or less piceous, feebly dusted and there-
fore sub-shining, provided with sparse, slender hairs; eyes of the male broadly

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

oon A. L. MELANDER.

contiguous, their facets large, the lowest ones smaller, eyes of the female separated
more widely than the ocelli, their facets as large as the smallest of the male; face
of nearly uniform breadth. Proboscis very slender, extending straight forward,
nearly one and one-half times the height of the head; palpi prominent, slender,
extending beyond the epistome. Antenne black, short, the basal joints short
and thick, the third joint lanceolate, robust, the stout arista one-third the length
of the third joint. Occiput with slender hairs. Thoracic dorsum evittate, but
with the dorsicentral bristles prominent; scutellum with four slender bristles.
Abdomen slender, long; hypopygium small, terminal, widely open. Legs very
slender, simple, fuscous, the posterior tibie gradually and slightly thickened
towards the apex; all the tibize provided with small terminal spurs; tarsi
slender not spinose below. Halteres infuscated. Wings lightly infumated in
the male, and clear hyaline in the female, veins narrow, fuscous, stigma indefi-
nite; the fureation of the third vein acute, taking place beyond the tip of the
marginal cell, sixth vein evanescent.

Seven specimens; San Diego Co., California (Wm. M. Wheeler).

This species, while differing from the typical Iteaphila by its very
slender proboscis, is not a true Hmpis, and had best be included
here.

MICROPHORUS Macquart.

Small, black, moderately hairy species. Of the European forms
the antennze are as long as the head, apparently two-jointed, with a
short two-jointed arista; proboscis short, not projecting forward ;
palpi cylindrical; eyes bare, of both sexes separated, but approxi-
mate. Thorax hunchbacked. Abdomen of male blunt at the end,
of the female pointed. Legs slender, bristly, the hind ones length-
ened, tibise sometimes thickened apically. Third vein unforked ;
discal cell with three apical veins; anal cell shorter than the second
basal cell, both bounded by one cross-vein, extending almost parallel
with the hind margin; anal vein obsolete; anal angle almost rec-
tangular.

Since Walker was familiar with at least one European species of
Microp horus, drapetoides is left in the genus as given in its European
sense. However, his selection for the specific name is not descriptive
of the other species, and therefore his species probably does not con-
form with the characterization above given. The diagnosis is too
meagre to allow any certainty to be placed on Mr. Walker’s deter-
mination, and thus.the location of drapetoides in the present genus
is mere conjecture.

Microphorus drapetoides Walker.

List Dipt. Ins., iii, 489.
Body black, hairy; eyes piceous; feelers and lip black, the latter short; legs

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 333

piceous, clothed with short black hairs; wings dark brown, slightly tawny along
part of the fore border from the base; wing-ribs and veins piceous. 2.5 mm.

St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay.

HOLOCLERA Schiner.

Small, nearly bare species of black coloration. The antennz
elongate, with the first joint minute, the third lengthened, lanceo-
late or attenuate, with an elongate style. Proboscis slender, hori-
zontal. Eyes of the male contiguous. Thorax greatly hunchbacked.
Male genitalia prominent, in our species pedunculate and flexed to
the right. Legs more or less ciliated with fine hairs; the hind tibize
and metatarsi thickened. Wings short and broad, with a simple
third vein; discal cell emitting three veins; anal cell rounded, the
anal vein not continued ; anal angle rectangular, very prominent.

A genus previously unrecognized on this continent.

Body opaque gray pruinose.....--.-+.- +s esse cence cree eee ravida Coquillett.
aa not conspicuously gray pollinose.... 5.20. .0 5. secs cee ewes reese evens oe
. Thorax bilineate; halteres whitish........-.........045 bilineata sp. nov.
Mhoraxaeventivad usteds- wal teres) Dla Cke qereietectal=i\sie)leiaterta toler ralatelts)«)apcie) alee tete 3:

3. Under side of front fornera devoid of cilia; wings infumated ; stigma indistinct.
ayeophantor sp. nov.

Under side of all the femora ciliate; wings clear hyaline; stigma distinct.
atrata Coquillett.

Holocera ravida Coquillett.
Microphorus ravidus Coquillett, Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 409.

Black, only the halteres whitish. Eyes contiguous, third antennal joint
elongate, conical, the apical style slightly longer than the third joint; probosis
nearly perpendicular, from two-thirds as long to as long as the height of the head.
Thorax, pleurs, scutellum, and abdomen opaque gray pollinose, the bristles black,
scutellum bearing four bristles; hypopygium rather large, bent around against
the right side of the abdomen. Wings grayish hyaline, slightly smoky along
the veins, stigma and veins brown, no vein issues from the anal cell; this cell is

“nearly as long as the second basal, the vein at its apex arcuate and not parallel
with the hind margin of the wing. 2mm.

The female differs from this in having the eyes broadly separated
and the abdomen very blunt at the apex.
Southern California.

Holoclera atrata Coquillett.
Microphorus atratus, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1901, p. 412.
Black, including the hairs; eyes of male contiguous, the third joint of antennz
orbicular on its basal half, the remainder narrowed into a styliform process, style
one and one-half times as long as the third antennal joint, proboscis less than half

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

334 A. L. MELANDER.

as long as height of the head, body opaque, not pruinose, the hairs rather long, on
the mesonotum abundant, on the abdomen sparse, scutellum bearing four bristles ;
under side of front and middle femora, both sides of the hind ones and outer side
of hind tibize ciliate nearly their entire length with rather long hairs, first joint
of hind tarsi noticeably thicker than that of either of the other tarsi, much nar-
rower than the hind tibiw; wings hyaline, veins and stigma brown, venation
normal, last section of fifth vein two-thirds as long as the preceding section, sixth
vein obsolete beyond end of anal cell. 2mm.

Alaska.

Holoclera bilineata sp. nov. (Fig. 99).

Length 1.75 mm.—Black, covered with dark olivaceous gray dust. Eyes large,
broadly contiguous, facets small. Antenne one-half the eye-height, first joint
invisible, third joint lanceolate, the style two-thirds as long as the third joint.
Proboscis very short, horizontal, hairy beneath; palpi short, black. Thorax re-
markably hunchbacked, the dust obliterated on the dorsum along two narrow
vittz, but bounding these becoming black ; mesonotal bristles black, dense, short
in front; scutellum with about six marginal bristles. Hairs of abdomen fine,
yellow; hypopygium smaller than in the preceding species, pedunculate and
flexed to the right, its parts not visible. Legs, including tip of coxe yellowish-
brown, middle femora with a few apical cilia below, hind femora ciliate above
and hind tibizw outwardly; hind tibize enlarged and compressed, hind metatarsi
distinetly enlarged, but not nearly as much so as the tibie, as long as the three
following joints only. Halteres yellowish. Wings clear hyaline, veins narrow,
an elliptical brown stigma present; the vein between the discal cell and the
third posterior three times that between the discal and the second posterior
cells; the hind margin of the discal cell sub-equal to its prolongation.

Nine males; Opelousas, La. (G. R. Pilate).

Holoclera sycophantor sp. nov.

Length 2mm.—Wholly black, opaque, dusted with dark olivaceous. Eyes large,
broadly contiguous on the front, facets small. Antenne short, apparently two-
jointed as the first joint is minute; third joint broad at the base then suddenly
attenuate and lengthened, its style slender, one-half the length of the third joint.
Proboscis shorter than the length of the head, horizontal; palpi conspicuous,
black-bristly, porrect also. Occiput regularly ciliate with close bristles. Thorax
sparsely black-bristly, the bristles long ; scutellum with four bristles. Abdomen
cylindrical, covered with long black bristles; hypopygium large, flexed toward
the right, the central filament exposed at the tip, horizontal, piceous. Legs
moderately short, especially the anterior pairs, stoutish, black, the upper side of
all the femora, the lower side of the hind ones (and sparsely so on the middle
ones), the outer side of all the tibiz, especially the hind ones, ciliate with black
hairs; hind tibiz enlarged apically, but compressed ; hind metatarsi a little larger
than the other joints but of less length than the rest of the tarsus taken together.
Halteres infuscated. Wings smoky, veins dark, stigma indistinct; the outward
boundaries of the discal cell sub-equal.

Eight males; Idaho (Prof. J. M. Aldrich).
It may be noticed that only males of this genus have so far been
taken in North America.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. One

CYRTOMA Meigen.

Small, finely hairy species. Antennz shorter than the head,
apparently two-jointed, outer joint lanceolate or ovate, with a short
end bristle. Proboscis short. Eyes bare, contiguous above. Thorax
prominent, abdomen lengthened. Legs slender, posterior pair
lengthened, with the tibiz thickened apically ; hind metatarsi long
and more or less thickened. Wings with a simple third vein, no
discal cell, three veins arise in the middle of the wing ending in
the margin; anal cell shorter than the second basal, both bounded
by a vein almost parallel with the hind margin ; anal angle rectangu-
lar, prominent.

Hind femora incrassate, hybotine-like species, hind tibize yellowish at base... -2.
Hind femora not incrassate, empidine-like species, legs black................- 3.
2. Species measuring three millimeters, hind tibie three-fourthsthe length of
EV TIGMELG INTO Wedel tek ol ots alee Nola rateiretell= ereenatelelor=/ creasietotat femorata Loew.

More than four millimeters long, hind tibiz five-sixths the length of their
RETINA Tee nonstata Pe tatetele cia lia ote fokatseatelcitcl=totteh state fof st ahers) est ketarep ata procera Loew.

3. Halteres whitish, pile of abdomen dull whitish......... halteralis Loew.
Halteres blackish, pile of abdomen black in part...-....+.-++.eeeeseeeeeee 4.
4. Legs moderately pilose, slender and piceous .........-.... longipes Loew.
Legs strongly pilose, robust and jet black.......-..........- pilipes Loew.

Cyrtoma femorata Loew.
Cent. v, 69.

Black, antennz concolorous, third joint lanceolate. Thorax cinereo-polli-
nose. Pile of thorax and scutellum sparse, black. Abdomen shining, with scat-
tered white pile ; segments on the front half obsoletely cinereo-pollinose. Legs
long, black, black pilose, tips of the coxe and the knees testaceous; hind femora
thickened ; front tibie rather stout; hind tibiz thick, truncate, luteous, towards
the tip black. Halteres whitish. Wings fusco-cinereous, veins fuscous, stigma
obsoletely subfuscous. 3 mm.

New Hampshire (Osten Sacken).

Cyrtoma procera Loew.
Cent. v, 70.

Black, antenne concolorous, third joint broad and ovate basally, slender api-
cally. Thorax lightly cinereo-pollinose, its pile black. Abdomen shining, with
scattered white pile. Legs long, black, black-pilose, apex of the coxe and the
knees luteous; hind femora incrassate; front tibiae hardly thickened basally ;
hind tibiz thick, obliquely truncate, luteous, towards tip black. Halteres whit-
ish. Wings fusco-cinereous, veins fuscous, stigma obsoletely subfuscous, 4.5 mm.

Sitka, Alaska (Kolenati).

Cyrtoma halteralis Loew.
Cent. ii, 46.

Wholly black, somewhat shining. Pile of thorax and scutellum either wholly

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

336 A. L. MELANDER.

or in part black, that of abdomen dirty white. Apically the hind tibie slightly
incrassate. Halteres whitish. Wings pale fuscous, stigma saturate fuscous.
2.2 mm.

District of Columbia (Osten Sacken), Wisconsin (Wheeler).

Cyrtoma longipes Loew (Fig. 71).

Cent. ii, 47.

Wholly black, shining. Pile of the thorax and of the scutellum black. Pile
of abdomen above black, along sides and beneath pale; abdomen of male above

opaque. Legs longer and more slender than usual, moderately pilose, hind tibize
somewhat thickened apically. Halteres dark brown. Wings blackish. 2.6 mm.

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Wisconsin, Illinois, Wyoming,

New Mexico.
Cyrtoma pilipes Loew.
Cent. ii, 48.
Black, shining. The pile of the thorax and scutellum, and partly that of the
abdomen black. Legs rather strong and closely black-pilose, hind tibie a little
thickened, especially apically. Halteres black; wings blackish. 3mm.

Illinois (Le Baron), Alaska (Kineaid).

MYTHICOMYIN.

HILAROMORPHA Schiner.

Although Hilaromorpha has been assigned to the Leptide by
most writers, it is included in the present paper mainly because in
the tables of the only complete Manual of the North American
Diptera, that of Dr. Williston, specimens of the genus would run
to the Empidide, and not because it is any firm belief of the writer
that Hilarémorpha can be an Empid, and only an Empid.

Small, bare species of blackish gray color. Antenne three-
jointed, the first two joints short, the third lengthened, broad,
toward the end suddenly narrowed, with a short two-jointed bristle.
Proboscis short, projecting slightly; labelle broad; palpi two-
jointed, strongly thickened at the end, lamellate, as long as the pro-
boscis. Eyes of the male contiguous on the front, of the female
separated by the front. Three ocelli. Thorax strongly arched ;
abdomen arched posteriorly, transversely wrinkled, in both sexes
pointed, in the males the projecting genitalia are attached to the
small end of the abdomen; these consist of broad claw-like side
pieces, which are brought together to form a thick, globose body.
Legs slender, the hind ones somewhat lengthened. The third and
fourth veins of the wing forked; discal cell wanting; anal cell
broad up to the wing-margin, closed. Anal angle well-developed.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. S337

Legs black, except the yellowish knees...-...--.--+--+-++++-- obscura Bigot.
Legs yellow, except the darkened tarsi ...--+-.++++++++s0-- Makii Williston.

Hilargmorpha obscura Bigot.
Bull. Soc. Ent. France (6), vii (1887), p. cx].
Ann. Ent. Soc. France, 1889, p. 129.

Entirely of an opaque black, except the yellowish knees; venter pruinose, and
of a dark gray color; wings infumated, darker along the outer border, with an
elongated, diffused, blackish stigma. 5 mm.

California.

y Hilaromorpha Mikii Williston.
Psyche, 1888, p. 100.

Male.—Face opaque gray, with grooves from the oral margin. Antenne brown-
ish yellow; the third joint oval, a little longer than broad, the anterior borders
straight or gently concave to the insertion of the slender two-jointed style, which
is nearly as long as the body of the joint. Thorax in ground color black, thickly
covered with opaque yellowish pollen on the mesonotum; on the pleure with
lighter, less dense pollen. Abdomen with each segment anteriorly brownish
black ; posteriorly banded with opaque yellow, of a color somewhat lighter than
that of the mesonotum. Legs yellow, the terminal joints of the tarsi infuscated.
Wings blackish, a little lighter behind. 4 mm.

Carlinville, Illinois (Robertson).

MYTHICOMYIA Coquillett.

Body with no macrochete. Head globular, attached to a dis-
tinct neck. Antennze porrect, two-thirds the height of the head,
the first joint very short, the second as broad as long; the third
broad, lanceolate, not annulate. nearly three times the second ; style
terminal, nearly one half as long and one third as broad as the third
Joint, very densely pubescent. Eyes of the male contiguous, and
with an area of enlarged facets above. Three widely separated,
equidistant ocelli present. Proboscis rigid, nearly as long as the
head height, directed obliquely forward, no labellze; palpi minute.
Thorax greatly arched, in profile higher than long. Wings with
the marginal cell closed, only one submarginal cell and four poste-
rior cells, all open, as is also the anal cell; first section of the fourth
vein colorless, the last (seventh vein) very weak. Legs rather stout,
but none of the parts dilated, with no bristles, spines or other pro-
cesses; front cox less than one half the length of the femora;
pulvilli well developed, empodium bristle-like.

Tibiz, halteres, first vein and second section of the costa yellow.
Rileyi Coquillett.
Tibiz, except at base, black ; upper side of knob of halteres also black ; first vein
ANC COSTA DOW Miele feleher-[eeeiaielelelelavs «te prsceretone rr tibialis Coquillett.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (43) SEPTEMBER, 1902.

338 A. L. MELANDER.

Mythicomyia Rileyi Coquillett.
Ent. News, 1893, p. 209.
Black, the frontal triangle, face, humeri, base of the first and apices of the other
abdominal segments, excepting the last, apex of femora, tibie wholly, and the
halteres white, the short sparse hairs also white; occiput, thorax and abdomen
gray pollinose, the hypopygium shining, one and one-third times as high as long,
shorter than but projecting one-fourth its height above the eighth abdominal
segment. Wings wholly hyaline. 2.5 mm.

California; Mesilla Park, New Mexico (T. D. A. Cockerell).

Mythicomyia tibialis Coquillett.
Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 409.

Male.—Black, frontal triangle, face, cheeks, humeri and each hind corner of
the thorax whitish; halteres, except upper side of the knob, hypopygium largely,
knees and base of hind metatarsi yellowish. Head, sides of thorax, pleura and
scutellum gray pollinose, abdomen deep velvet black; pile of head and body
whitish. Wings wholly hyaline, veins black, the auxiliary and bases of the
other veins yellowish. On the under side of the hind metatarsi, before its mid-
dle, is a rounded notch, in front of which is a round process. 3.5 mm.

Los Angeles Co., Calif. (Coquillett).

ADDITIONAL NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS.

During the time the foregoing pages have been going through the
press a number of additions have been made resulting from the
courtesies of several gentlemen. Through the kindness of Mr.
Samuel Henshaw the types of this family described by Dr. H.
Loew have been examined at Cambridge, which has introduced a .
number of synonymical changes and brought to light several previ-
ously undescribed species. Charles W. Johnson, J. Chester Brad-
ley and George M. Greene have each contributed to our knowledge
of this family since the first collection was amassed. But the most
important of the following additions are the result of an expedition
to New Mexico during May and June of this year, undertaken by
James A. G. Rehn and Henry L. Viereck, under the direction of
the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. During one month’s
time, Mr. Viereck collected twenty-three species of Empidide of
which only eleven were previously described, The twelve other
forms are included among the new species given in the main paper
or are described below. I wish to thank Miss Mabel Evans also for
her assistance in reading the proof of this article.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 339

Page 205. STILPON.
Sides of front and vertex nearly parallel; hind metatarsi thickened and dark-
TLC Meee rerecelotnteherocteinnatcienerenete aie te.choreyoresaielsielleravarckeWeceleleieieussyace, wyelcveystensteeyni = 2
Vertex broadened ; hind metatarsi not thickened .............-.+.+-ee-eee- 3.
2. Veins bordered with brown; abdomen brick-red...-......- varipes Loew.
Veins not bordered ; abdomen blackish...-.-........+--- pecti nger mihi,

3. Thorax closely pollinose; first vein ending at middle of wing.
Houghii mihi.

Thorax shining; first vein ending before middle of wing...-......-.--.-+--- 4,
4. Legs yellowish; basal cells equal, small.................. minuta sp. nov.
Legs black; second basal cell larger.....--.-.-....-+..- nigripes sp. nov.

’ Stilpon nigripes sp. nov.

Male and Female. Length 1 mm.—Black species. Eyes nearly contiguous on
the face and just above the antennz; vertex broadened. Proboscis short, in-
curved, black, palpi blackish, with dusky hairs. Antenne black, the outer joint
short ovate, rather pointed, not larger than the inner joint, the.long seta subter-
minal. Thorax shining black, the sparse pubescence dusky, appressed, scutellum
with two long and two short bristles. Abdomen subopaque, black, hypopygium
large, gaping, the upper valve ascending, hood-shaped, shining, the lower portion
pedunculate, projecting, provided with many short bristly hairs on the outer por-
tion, a curved central exserted penis present. Legs black, short, robust, all the
femora moderately thickened, no swellings nor ciliation. Halteres black. Wings
clear hyaline, veins black, first vein much stronger than the others, ending at
middle of costa, second vein ending midway between first and third, third and
fourth veins parallel, fifth vein ending opposite the second vein, second basal cell
broad and one-half longer than the first, its cross-vein nearly perpendicular.

One male and nine females. Alamogordo (Middle Sonoran) ;
Highrolls (Upper Sonoran), and Cloudcroft (Canadian Zone), New
Mexico. May and June, 1902. (H. L. Viereck.)

Stilpon minuta sp. nov.

Female. Length 1 mm.—Black, shining species, with yellow legs. Eyes con-
tiguoas just below and above the antenne, front narrow, sides diverging, vertex
broad, triangular. Antenne dusky, the outer joint short, oval, the long seta
subdorsal. Proboscis short, incurved, black, palpi small yellowish. Thorax aud
abdomen shining, their sparse hairs dusky, scutellum with two long and two
shorter bristles. Legs including the cox dusky yellow, siinple, not fringed,
femora but little thickened. Halteres dusky. Wings hyaline, unspotted, veins
dark fuscous, uniform, the second vein ends at the middle of the costa, second
section of the costa about one-half the length of the third, third and fourth veins
gradually diverging, basal cells short, equal, posterior cross-vein oblique, fifth
vein ends beyond the second vein.

Three females; Clouderoft and Highrolls, New Mexico. June,
1902. (H. L. Viereck.)

Page 207. Drapetis nitida mibi.
Is the same as wnipila Loew.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

340 A. L. MELANDER.

Page 210. Drapetis pubescens Loew.
The basal cells are large for this genus.

Page 212. Drapetis spectabilis wihi.
In the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cam-
bridge are three specimens from Bosque Co., Texas (Belfrage).

Drapetis xanthopodus Williston.
Is the same as gilvipes Loew.

Page 214. Platypalpus lupatus sp. noy.

Male. Length 2.5 mm.—Black species, head and thorax overlaid with hair-
like tomentum. Face white. Antenne black, the outer joint oval, its style two
and a half times its length. Proboscis black. Bristles of body and of legs dirty
white. scutellum with two long and two short bristles. The glabrous space of
the mesopleure small. Abdomen and hypopygium shining black, the latter
twisted to the right, the basal edge of the under side with several long black
hairs. Coxee black, piceous apically; legs black, except towards the trochanters
and knees, the hind tibie and the bases of the tarsal joints, which places are dull
yellowish ; front femora thickened as much as the middle ones, front tibie
stouter than the middle ones, middle tibize with a strong apical spur, remainder
of legs simple; legs with scattered yellowish hairs, longer beneath on the femora,
front tibie with about ten longer hairs on the front edge, the hairs gradually be-
coming long below and not arranged in a definite series. Halteres yellow.
Wings hyaline, veins fuscous, third vein straight, fourth vein slightly sinuous,
subparallel with the third and slightly diverging from it at the tip, second basal
cell the longer, its cross-vein oblique, the distance between the two cross-veins
on the fourth vein less than the length of the anterior cross-vein, anal cross-vein
straight, inflexed, evanescent, anal vein faint, obsolete at base.

One male; Cloudecroft, New Mexico. May 27, 1902. (H. L.
Viereck: )

This species is associated with the eastern pachyenemus, but in that
form the antenne are dark fuscous, the front femora but slightly
thickened, the third vein incurved, converging with the fourth,
while along the fore edge of the front tibiz there is a series of but
-seven hairs, with a similar series also on the hinder edge. The
hairs of the inner edge are finer and number eight. Pachyenemus
measures 2.3 mm.

Platypalpus Vierecki sp. nov.

Male and Female. Length 2.5 mm.—Black pollinose species, with yellow legs.
Face and front whitish, occiput cinereous, beneath with dense white hairs, An-
tenn yellowish, extreme tip of the outer joint and the arista dusky, outer joint
lanceolate, the arista but little longer than the antenna. Proboscis black, palpi
prominent, yellow. Thorax with golden dust above, becoming cinereous on pleu-
ree, a small shining space present above the middle coxe; bristles yellow, scutel-

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 341

lum with two moderately long and two short bristles. Abdomen dusted with
gray, hypopygium small, black, terminal, not pollinose, upper piece with a close
fringe of yellow bristles on the left side. Legs including coxe pale yellow, tarsi
strongly annulate with black, spur of middle tibiz prominent, black, front
femora nearly as thick as middle ones, fringed beneath with white cilia, middle
femora and tibiz with a double series of minute setule on under surface, front
tibize slightly bowed and incrassate. Halteres whitish. Wings yellowish, veins
yellow, anal vein obsolete at base, distance between the two cross-veins on the
fourth vein somewhat greater than the length of the first cross-vein, second basal
cell the longer, its cross-vein oblique, third and fourth veins parallel.
Var.—Ground color of abdomen becoming yellow.

Numerous specimens, the males predominating. Cloudcroft, New
Mexico, May 27, 1902. H. L. Viereck, collector.

This species will run to crassifemoris in the table on page 215,
antea, but is sufficiently differentiated by its pollinose abdomen.
Only two other of the previously described species of Platypalpus
‘canus and incurvus) have the abdomen pollinose, but as both of
these have black antennz the present form can be quickly recog-
nized. * The following species should also be compared.

Platypalpus rufiventris sp. nov.

Male and Female. Length 2-2.5 mm.—Thorax black, gray dusted, abdomen
testaceous, lightly dusted, subshining. Face and front whitish, occiput cinere-
ous. Antenne black, short, outer joint short, ovate, pointed, its bristle twice its
length. Thoracic notum and abdomen with yellowish tomentum, pleure cine-
reous, the usual shining spot. overlaid with pollen also, bristles yellow, scutellum
with two moderate bristles. Abdomen lightly dusted, less so in the female, in
the male dusky at the base, in the female reddish yellow, hypopygium small,
blackish, with a few long yellow hairs extending laterally from the left side.
Legs including the cox yellow, tarsi not annulate, their very tip dusky, spur of
middle tibiz black, front tibie not incrassate, front femora half as thick as the
middle ones. Halteres yellow; wings as in Vierecki.

One male, seven temales; Cloudecroft, New Mexico. June 17,
1902. (H. L. Viereck).

This and the variety of the preceding species are the only North
American species of Platypalpus known with black thorax and red
abdomen. It can be quickly distinguished from Vierecki by the

shape and color of the antenne, and by the unitorm tarsal coloration.

Page 219. Platypalpus lzetus Loew.

The tibial spur is as large as usual for this genus. The apices of
the tarsal joints are scarcely darker than the rest. The third and
fourth veins gently converge before the tip of the wing and then
continue subparallel.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

342 A. L. MELANDER.

Platypalpus flavirostris Loew.

Loew’s type specimen has four narrow dusky vittze on the casta-
neous thoracic notum. Another female from the Osten Sacken col
lection is somewhat smaller and has no dark vitte. The ground
color of the head is black.

Page 222. Platypalyus discifer Loew.

The middle tarsi of the male are greatly enlargened and flattened,
and feathered along the edge with close black seale-like hairs.

The species trivialis, equalis and crassifemoris of Platypalpus are
all quite similar, and probably represent one extremely variable
species. The characters chosen in the table will render the divi-
sions spe aes homogeneous, but too much stress must not be laid
on the infalibity of the separation. The species as defined in this
way do not conform exactly with those Dr. Loew had in mind.

Page 225. TACHYDROMITA.

Modify table as follows:

10. Wings with a black spot at outer third of costal margin.
maculipennis Walker.

Wings infumated, except the whitish base.........-.--eeeseeereeeseeee 10a.
10g. Amal CrOss=Vielny We GIT Lleol ey stetetoletatee lol ole note elolaroleletall= teleleletlstele teeter te as
Anal cross-vein present --.-...-255 cesses see creer eeeencene ofo:/a royeaseteks lla.

11. Legs black ; second basal cell shorter than first....-.- nubifera Coquillett.

Legs more or less yellowish ; second basal longer than first.. pusilla Loew.
lla. Front tibize strongly incrassate; first basal cross-vein oblique, second per-

PONG e Hl areteteteredoteele rea tel eet tet tattle eer tetera clavipes Loew.

Front tibiss not greatly thickened ........0...0.--:ccceseceesseeacen 12.

12. Second basal cell but little exceeding the first, its cross-vein perpendicular;
proboscis reddish at base------ +--+ --ee eee eee eee reece ee er eeee 13.

Second basal cell longer than the first by at least the length of its oblique
cross-vein ; proboscis black; pleurw shining-----.---- rapax Loew.

13. Pleurz shining; front tibize with no teeth below; middle femora more slen-
der than front ones; eastern SpeCieS..- +--+ -+ esse ere cece ee rene 13a.

Pleure opaque; front tibiz closely mucronate with black setule below ; mid-
dle femora as thick as the front ones; western species.
corticalis sp. nov.
13a. Front femora bare beneath; hypopygium without bristles.
rostrata Loew.
Front femora ciliate beneath ; hypopygium with long black bristles above.
brachialis sp. nov.

Tachydromia nubifera Coquillett.
Fur Seals and Fur Seal Islands of N. Pacif. Ocean, 1898, iv, p. 343.
Male and Female.—Black, the bases of the halteres yellow; hairs and bristles

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 343

black ; head and thorax subopaque gray pruinose. Third joint of the antenne
oval, only slightly longer than the second. Wings grayish hyaline, the costal
portion beyond the base of the submarginal cell extending from the costa to the
fourth vein brown, the limits not sharply defined, second basal cell slightly
shorter than the first, anal cell wholly wanting. Front femora only slightly
thicker than the others. 3-4 mm.

Behring Island (Stejniger).

Tachydromia corticalis sp. nov.

Male. Length 3.5 mm.—Black species covered with fine brown gray dust.
Occiput grayish, with a few black bristles above and numerous white hairs be-
low; front brownish. Antenne yellow at the base, the outer joint and its seta
infuscated. Proboscis reddish, with the tip darkened ; palpi white, with a strong
black preapical hair. Thoracic notum covered with brown-gray dust, the large
humeri, the pleure and scutellum with more cinereous dust, scutellum with two
erect widely separated bristles. Abdomen flattened, hypopygium large, shining
black, globose, the copulatory portion twisted to the right, asymmetrical, consist-
ing mainly of two large lamellate pointed valves, the one on the right with a
bunch of short black hairs on its upper side, clasping a complicated short central
piece bearing a short fringe of forward extending hairs, the last ventral is pro-
vided with a series of long black hairs. Coxe and legs shining, piceous, front
ones lighter, the four anterior femora swollen, of nearly equal thickness, front
femora unarmed, ornate with two circular black spots on inner side below, one
at the middle, the other half-way towards the apex; front tibie slightly thicker
than the middle ones, armed beneath with a series of equidistant black setule,
front metatarsi also with minute setule below; base of middle femora with a
rough pencil of black bristles fitting into the excised tip of the middle tibia,
middle tibiz in length equalling their femora, provided with close minute setu-
le on the under side; hind legs slender, their knees, middle part of tibize and
base of metatarsi dull yellowish. Halteres dirty white. Wings and veins bliack-
ish on outer two-thirds, basal third whitish, anal vein vanishing at its tip, much
recurved, the distance between the central cross-veins slightly less than the
length of one of them, anterior cross-vein rather oblique, posterior cross-vein per-
pendicular,

Two males; Cloudcroft, New Mexico, June 19, 1902.

Mr. Viereck took these specimens, together with a series of
Tachydromia rapax, running up and down the smooth trunks of
the quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), somewhat after the man-
ner of the dolichopodid genera Medeterus or Neurigona.

Tachydromia brachialis sp. noy. |
Male. Length 4 mm.—Black species covered with cinereous dust except sides
of thorax. Front and occiput cinereous dusted, lower occiput nearly devoid of
white hairs. Antenne yellow, the seta black. Proboscis reddish except the
extreme dark tip, palpi white, provided with a single black apical hair. Humeri
large, concolorous with the remainder of the dorsum, scutellum with two erect
bristles, pleurz shining black. Abdomen lightly cinereous dusted, the last seg-

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

344 A. L. MELANDER.

ment and the globose hypopygium shining black, upper valves of hypopygium
small, bristly, especially the right one, last ventral fringed with moderately long
black hairs. Coxe and legs yellowish, front coxe with a fringe of hairs beneath,
their forward side and the under side of the posterior trochanters with a black
spot. Front femora with a black transverse dumb-bell-shaped mark at the middle
of the under side, below which is a large elongate curved black space which spreads
straight downward to the inferior edge along its lower loop; under side of the front
tibize and of the hind femora piceous, hind tibice fuscous, tarsi infuscated apically ;
front femora inecrassate, ciliate beneath with a double series of conspicuous dusky
hairs, front tibiz slightly incrassate, not setulate but provided with a number of
fine short hairs, front metatarsi with minute setule; middle and hind femora
slender, simple, middle tibiz slightly surpassing the femora, scarcely indented
towards tip. Halteres lightly infuscated. Wings infumated, darker beyond
basal third, veins black, all the cross-veins straight, perpendicular, the distance
between the central cross-veins equal to the length of the posterior one, anal
cross-vein abrupt.

Described from one male taken by Mr. George M. Greene, Sep-
tember 9, 1901, at Boonton, N. J. This may possibly be the
insect Mr. Walker described as similis, though from his description
alone it is impossible to decide. It is a finely characterized species
easily distinguished by the fringe on the front femora, which well
merits the redescription should it eventually proove to be Mr.
Walker’s species.

Page 230. Coloboneura inusitata mihi.

In the collection at Cambridge are two females from Rhode
Island. They differ in no essential way from the description of the
males. The humeral callostity is concolorous with the remainder of
the thorax. The costa has a basal bristle rather longer than the
others.

Page 232. CHIROMANTIS Rondani.

Small, slender, sparsely hairy species of light yellow color. An-
tenne short, three-jointed, the third joint ovate, with the seta bent
downward. Proboscis shorter than the head. Eyes of female sepa-
rated. Thorax rather prominently raised. Abdomen of male blunt
at tip, of the female with a porrect two-styled ovipositor. Legs
lengthened, front cox as long as the thickened femora. Wings
long and narrow, third vein simple, discal cell present, with three
veins issuing from it, or wanting, in which case the fourth vein is
forked, anal cell shorter than the second basal, anal angle not filled.
(Taken from Schiner’s description of Thamnodromia).

The genus is related to Litanomyia, which differs in having the

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 345

thorax longer and more cylindrical, and the anal cell not shorter
than the second basal.

Chiromantis vocatoria Fallen.
Fallen, Empid., p. 12, No. 15.

Head black. Antenne yellow, the apex black ; the long bristle-like seta white.
Front white. Thorax yellow, infuscated above. Abdomen blackish, the venter
pale. Legs pale, hind ones simple. Wings hyaline, the first vein short, second
vein lengthened, third vein reaching the wing-margin at the extreme tip, fourth
and fifth veins equal, forming the long discal cell, from which three veins reach
the margin. The hind margin is fringed and rather stout.

This European species is given by Mr. Coquillett in Smith’s
“List” as from New Jersey.

SCIODROMIA Haliday.

Small, black, almost bare species. Antennz short, two.jointed,
the outer joint ovate, pointed, with a long bristle. Proboscis about
as long as the head, fleshy, vertical or projecting forward. Palpi
small, appressed to the proboscis. Eyes of both sexes nearly con-
tiguous below the antennz, widely separated above, the front very
broad. Thorax moderately large. Hypopygium of male larger
than the diameter of the abdomen, tip of the female abdomen blunt,
ciliated. Legs slender, nowhere thickened. | Wings long and nar-
row, all the veins unforked, discal cell moderately large, sending
three veins to the wing-margin. Anal cell as long as the second
basal, its cross-vein perpendicular. Wings not projecting at the
anal angle.

The only important character in which the following species
differs from the European type is in the structure of the front,
which in Haliday’s species is obliterated by the contiguity of the
eyes of the male. Sciodromia can readily be separated from its
near relatives by the following important characters. .

Oreothalia has the anal cross-vein parallel with the hind margin.

Synamphotera bicolor has the proboscis incurved.

Ardoptera has the third vein furcate and the head long and narrow.

‘ Sciodromia pullata sp. nov.

Male and Female. Length 2.5-3 mm.—Black species. Vertex, notum and
hypopygium covered with olivaceous brown dust, occiput, pleure, abdomen and
legs with rather more cinereous dust. The narrow face dusted with whitish.
Arista slightly longer than the antenne. Vertex and dorsum of thorax with
very few short bristles, scutellum with two bristles. Hypopygium compressed,
vertical, twice as deep as the abdomen. Legs slender, black, not spinose or

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (44) SEPTEMBER, 1902.

346 A. L. MELANDER.

bristly, ungues and pulvilli minute. Halteres yellow. Wings slender, evenly
infumated, no stigmal darkening, veins blackish, second and third veins subpar-
allel toward tip, anal vein evanescent beyond anal cell.

Two males and three females taken in sweepings near the summit
of the Las Vegas Range, New Mexico, June 28, 1902 (altitude
11,000 feet), by Mr. H. L. Viereck.

Page 240. Modify table of CLINOQCERA.

2. Discal cell very oblique apically ; two submarginal cells-..-...-..++++++--- 3.
Discal cell moderately broad toward tip ..-..-.++essee eee ce cece ee cee erence 4,

3. Second submarginal as long as second basal cell......---.-- simplex Loew.
Second submarginal longer....-...2---++-seeescoeecenccsees lepida mihi.

A. Stigma obsolete 0... ese eecee cence cree cee rece re cece eter cece es ceeceseee 5.
Stigma GUISE Harter reletcietelie dels ictatvieners cteuslicloumeleheretalere lolol ousrevete acta ican atei-iaVet aint is 6.

5. Anal vein strong -----ee eee cece ee eect eee eseees dolicheretma mihi.
Ar allievielr tai tiers io <lo%si st clereyenaratsy «is, sletlaleluielistsiclelal-laletsiciviehel sie eh conjuncta Loew.

Page 242. Clinocera conjuncta Loew.

Although the description states that the discal cell is small and
apically very oblique, the type shows it to be of other conformation.
The contact with the second posterior cell is quite broad. Hence
twos turns out to be closely allied. The first and second posterior
cells are of almost equal width at their proximal end. The first sec-
tion of the front border of the discal cell is slightly over one third
the length of the second section. The thorax is olivaceous except a
median cinereous stripe between the two black vitte. The stigmal
darkening is scarcely visible.

Page 252. SYNECHES Walker.
Modify table thus:
6. Stigma quadrangular. ..-...-...++eeee eee quadrangularis Wh. et Mel.
Stigma elliptical, diffused...- --. ese eee eee eee cece eee ee eee ee eee eeee es
7. Wings grayish; legs comparatively simple--.---.--.-- debilis Coquillett.
Wings brown, hind femora spinose beneath -.....-. longipennis sp. nov.

The white pollinose spots of the thorax of albonotatus are best
seen when looked at from above.

Syneches longipennis sp. nov.

Male. Length 6 mm.—Rather large, slender species of black body-color.
Eyes wine-red, occiput dusted with cinereous. Antenne, palpi, and proboscis
yellow. Thorax and abdomen thinly overlaid with cinereous dust, moderately
coated with yellow hairs, thorax relatively little raised, evittate, scutellum with
about fifteen hairs; abdomen slender, hypopygium small, terminal, sessile.
Coxe. piceous, legs reddish, hairy, hind femora greatly thickened, spinose below
and with four spinous bristles on upper-outer edge, last tarsal joint black. Hal-

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 347

teres infuscated. Wings brown, narrow, stigma but little darker, veins piceous-
brown, marginal cell not widened.

One male; Hertford Co., N. Car., June 9, 1895. (C. W. John-
son).

In stature this species resembles thoracicus and rufus, but differs
conspicuously in the smaller thorax, more elongate abdomen, and
different venation. From the smaller species longipennis is at once
distinet by its bristly femora and darkened wings.

Page 256. Oedalea ohioensis mihi.

This is the species given in the New Jersey “ List” as stigmatella
Zett. The following notes made from the New Jersey specimen
may be of service. Antenne two-jointed, the first joint minute, the
outer joint large, broad, blunt, equalling the eye-height, the arista
minute. Scutellum with four bristles. Legs testaceous. Halteres
pale yellow. Stigma very weak, the interstitial vein reaching two-
thirds the distance to the margin. Another female differs from the
New Jersey specimen in that the wings are nearly clear and the
interstitial vein is perfect.

Page 256. EUTHYNEURA Macquart.
Discal cell open, fourth vein furcate...-........ tee eee eee aperta sp. nov.
VISCUIMCE Ie aMO GINA eraceisiacoterstexeusters. overeics ee sis/allsisretatens sje aus sue eltiers ciao oe civieielersieveccieeiae or
2. Diseal cell large, i. e., last section of the fifth vein not more than two-thirds
the length of the preceding section...--.-..--.-..-...-....00..0.. 3.
Discal cell smaller, the two sections of the fifth vein nearly equal........ 6.
3. Proboscis at least one-half the height of the head; scutellum with eight or
MOLES ANS AWESLERNESPECIES ciate eleleleat stent cielo sieralelewietsrsie efepseiesee eer 4.

Proboscis not projecting ; scutellum with four hairs. Eastern species
Mura sp. nov.

ep ACKSSDECIOS Tet faiatarinlhetestetolateroletelaietersitaichisl tercreitopestelcte mel aka oats mise wheels cles 5.
Yellow species, with a median vitta brown............ erocata Coquillett.
5, Highly polished species ...........-+....0.+0+--: flavipilosa Coquillett.
(O PAGERS DECIES rere pietefe-tiate ciate Velelerareterar isle eveiceraisioncweee cfenercve stentor sp. nov.
6. Proboscis projecting forward, rigid...........-....... bucinator sp. nov.
PrONGSEIs WATE sit] essay ses eretelale tetera) creietelelalel's) tele ctei'ei< icicievayeiie: efcatielel c+ eielci viais/ aye We

7. Outer joint of antenne circular large; basal cells small... bulbosa sp. nov.
Outer joint of antenne slender, long; second basal cell large.

atripes sp. noy.

The North American species included in this genus belong more

properly with the Empidinz as they are here defined, but they show

a transition toward the Hybotinz in that the thorax is greatly

arched, the anal cross vein is not so strongly inclined as usually is

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

348 A. L. MELANDER.

the case in the Empidine, and the proboscis of some of the species
at least, projects forward.

Euthyneura bucinator sp. nov.

Female. Length 2.5 mm.—Shining black species with yellow legs. Face and
front broad, diverging, shining. Proboscis rigid, black, extending obliquely for-
ward, as long as the height of the head. Thorax bare, highly polished, includ-
ing the pleure ; scutellum with six black bristles. Abdomen subshining, brown-
ish towards base. Coxe and legs yellow, simple, slender, the claws minute.
Halteres yellowish. Wings clear hyaline, veins yellow, no stigma, discal cell as
long as the second basal, its hind border as long as the outward continuation of
that vein, anal vein faint.

One female; Pennsylvania. The antenne are broken. This is
a typical Euthyneura: the five other new species conform less per-
fectly.

Euthyneura aperta sp. nov.

Male. Length 2.5 mm.—Slender black species, with yellowish legs. Head
large, eyes cotiguous, the upper facets large. Antenne inserted low, the sec-
ond joint broad lanceolate, the style minute. Proboscis rigid, extending straight
forward, nearly as long as the head-height. Thorax sparsely pubescent, shin-
ing on the pleure also; scutellum with six equally long bristles. Abdomen
slender, pubescent with whitish to dusky hairs and bristles, sides of first segment
with a fringe of white hairs; hypopygium small, simple, narrow, obliquely
ascending, black-pubescent. Coxe and legs yellow, their short sparse hairs
black, legs simple, slender, the hind tibie slightly thickened, claws and pul-
villi small. Halteres pale yellow. Wings hyaline with a faint opalescence,
veins white, stigma almost obsolete, whitish, second basal cell broad, discal cell
open apically, the fourth vein forked midway its length, anal vein faint, van-
ishing.

A single male ; Cloudcroft, New Mexico. May 27,1902. (H.
L. Viereck).

This species is placed in Euthyneura as it departs from typical
forms in no more salient characters than do the other species
here included. In other genera, e. g., Thamnodromia, Hemerodro-
mia, or Rhamphomyia, the discal cell is often incompletely formed.

Euthyneura stentor sp. nov.

Male. Length 3, mm.—Opaque black, rather slender species. Head rather
large, eyes broadly contiguous, facets large above. Antenne short, inserted
low, the second joint elongate conical, suddenly narrowed at the base and then
gradually tapering, style short, plainly two-jointed, the firstjoint thick. Thorax
covered with long bristly black hairs; scutellum with ten long hairs. Abdomen
cylindrical, deflexed, pubescent with sparse hairs; hypopygium small, consist-
ing of two small deflexed black-bristly valves, and a central forward-extending,
trampet-shaped piece. Legs slender, moderately long, the femora ciliate above
and beneath with regular sparse hairs, claws and pulvilliconspicuous. Halteres
black. Wings lightly infumated, stigma elliptical blackish, veins narrow, black-

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 349

ish, the intercalary vein arises near the fourth posterior vein, discal cell one-
third longer than the enlarged second basal, its posterior border one-half longer
than the outer continuation of that vein, anal cross vein parallel with the hind
horder of the wing, forming an even continuation of the vein bounding the sec-
ond basal cell, anal vein completely obsolete.

One male; Clouderoft, New Mexico, May 27, 1902. (H. L.
Viereck.)

Euthyneura nura sp. nov.

Female. Length 3mm.—Shining black with reddish legs. Eyes nearly con-
tiguous on the face; front of moderate width. Proboscis and palpi minute,
black. Antenne black, shorter than the head-height, the outer joint com-
pressed, large, two-thirds as deep as long, its style one-third its length. Thorax
with spare hairs, notumand pleura strongly polished, scutellum with four dusky
hairs. Abdomen slender, polished black, its sparse pubescence dusky. Coxe
and legs yellowish, simple, rather strong, rather densely pubescent, the tips of
the hind tibize and of the tarsi somewhat dusky, claws and pulvilli small but
plain. Halteres yellowish. Wings cinereous hyaline, with broad dusky yellow
veins, stigmal spot dusky, filling out the tip of the marginal cell, second vein
straight, widely diverging from the third, diseal cell one-third longer than the
second basal, the vein between the third and fourth posterior cells two-thirds
that between the discal and fourth posterior cells, anal vein faint.

One female; Massachusetts.

Euthyneura bulbosa sp. nov.

Male. Length 1.5-2 mm.—Opaque black. Eyes contiguous on the front,
upper facets larger. Proboscis short and fleshy, reaching forward. Antenne
short, the second joint large, compressed, circular, the style shorter than the
radius of the joint. Thorax very large, provided with short black bristles,
scutellum with four long black bristles. Abdomen short, blunt, black-bristly,
venter gray pruinose, hypopygium not formed. Legs short and slender, simple,
black, tarsi with short bristles, claws small, pulvilli minute. Halteres black.
Wings short and broad, cinereous hyaline, veins fuscous, stigma nearly obsolete,
discal cell one-third longer than the second basal, the basal cells not enlarged,
anal cross vein nearly parallel with the hind margin of the wing, anal vein
evanescent, reaching three-fourths to the margin.

Female.—Eyes widely separated. Thorax, abdomen, halteres and legs except
tip of tarsi, reddish yellow. Veins reddish. Abdomen pointed.

Numerous specimens collected by Mr. J. Chester Bradley, in net-
sweepings, in Chester Co., Pa., during the early part of last June.

Euthyneura atripes sp. nov.

Female. Length 2 mm.—Black species. Head opaque black, face narrow,
sides of front parallel, separated as widely as the posterior ocelli. Proboscis
short, fleshy, extending forward. Antenne as long asthe height of the head, the
outer joint five times as long as deep, sleuder, not much tapering, its arista
equalling its depth. Thorax shining, nearly bare, pleure and abdomen lightly
dusted with cinereous; scutellum with ten black hairs. Coxe and legs black,

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

350 A. L. MELANDER.

simple, legs slender, a row of scattered hairs along the under edge of the femora,
claws and pulvilli large, empodium minute. Halteres black. Wings large, cin-
ereous hyaline, veins fuscous, a diffused brown stigmal spot present, discal cell
as long as the second basal, its hind border about three-fourths as long at the
outer continuation of that vein.

A single specimen from Los Angeles Co., California, December
22, 1896. (W. M. Wheeler).

Page 259. MEGACYTTARUS Bigot.

Although Mr. Coquillett claims that the mutilated specimen upon
which this genus was founded is the same as Rhamphomyia limbata
Loew, the suppression of the genus seems hardly justifiable on the
slight evidence he gives. It is true the diagnosis applies equally well
to Rh. limbata, but Megacyttarus is grouped by M. Bigot with
Ocydromia which has a projecting proboscis and a truncate anal
cell, characters of importance which M. Bigot would hardly over-
look. Hence until more definite information is to be had concern
ing the type the genus and species may be reinstated.

‘“‘ Allied to Ocydromia. It differs in the short basal cells and the
very long, broad, roughly triangular discal cell which is closed by a
greatly sinuous transverse vein placed near the hind margin of the
wing.”

Megacyttarus argenteus Bigot.
Bull. Soe. Ent. France, 1880, xl vii.
Female. Length 5 mm.—Cinereous, the four yittee of the thorax, the probos-

cis, the whole of the legs, the extreme tip of the abdomen, and the small stigma]
spot of the wings black; abdomen silvery ; wings hyaline.

Colorado.
Page 264. Hilara umbrosa.

This is the species given in the New Jersey “ List” as Empis
- brachystoma Coquillett MSS.

Page 285. Modify table of EMPIS as follows:

21. Pile of pleureze and of abdomen in part pale, or wanting-........-.+- ---- 22.
Hairs of bristles of thorax and abdomen wholly black......-...-......4-- 31.

22. Species of three mm., size; antennee reddish at base... .........+.- «--- 23
AGATE OLAS PE CLES tee letey-teleye te netera ter ate retainer eat Pek eee ete ole eee ee eee 24,

23. Abdomen more or less yellow; veins brown......... -compta Coquillett.
Abdomen wholly black; veins white...........-.--.--..- varipes Loew.

24. Knob of halteres black ; abdomen largely shining.--..-----+.--se+ee-+0. 25.
Knob of halteres yellow; abdomen opaque pollinose-..-....--.-..+.-+-- 26.

25. Mesonotal hairs white .....-- 12s... --ee esse eeeees comantis Coquillett.

Mesonotal hairs black .....---..--.+--.2-+-e- brachysoma Coquillett.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 351

26. Woolly species; scutellum with many bristles....scatophagima sp. noy.

Less pubescent species; scutellum with eight or fewer bristles.........- 27
27. Scutellum with six to eight bristles...-......--++-+-eeesee- obesa Loew.
Bristles of scutellum four or less.....-- eet ede ar tctcteiaietctetetotcloieiersiaisiercue severe 28.
28. Pile of body luteous...-..--.ee see cece cere ee ee eee eeeee Aldrichii mihi.
Pile of body white or wanting........-+. see cee cee rece eect e cece erees 29,

29. Species devoid of hairs; wings clear hyaline, sixth vein evanejicent.
neomexic€ana sp. nov.

More or less pubescent species; sixth vein normal....+..-++++++-+ee+- 29a.

29a. Scutellum with two bristles; dorsum of abdomen brown pollinose; legs of
female ciliate with black scales-..-.-+-+++++++-- ecaptus Coquillett.
Seutellimawilthero mms bristles aerlaeretetsevekei-lenelel+letslelelel=olelele fel elelsls/ acts cl elaieie elle 30.

30. Stigma brown, wings gray, abdomen blue-gray pollinose.
a Vida Coquillett.

Stigma wanting, abdomen more or less brownish above.-.-+-+++-++++++- 30a.
30a. Antenne and proboscis yellow at base..-..-------+-- levicula Coquillett.
Antenne and proboscis black...--.++++++++++es--e8: vaginifer sp. nov.

Empis scatophagina sp. nov.

Male. Length 9 mm.—Stout black species, densely clothed with mixed yellow
and dusky woolly pubescence, the darker hairs prevailing on the mesonotum.
Eyes contiguous; facets uniform. Face covered with brown-gray pollen, An-
tenne short, black, third joint lanceolate, one-third as wide as long, its style
two-thirds its length. Palpi porrect, ribbon-like, luteous, with a few long black
forward-extending hairs beneath. Proboscis slender, black, reaching to the
tip of the middle coxe. Occiput densely covered with dusky pubescence
above and with yellowish below. Thorax with four narrow glabrous vitte, the
outer pair abbreviated behind, densely covered with pubescence, the darker
hairs slightly longer and directed posteriorly, the lighter hairs shorter and
straighter, especially on the humeri where the dense yellow hairs extend for-
ward. Above the base of the wings and at the posterior end of the middle vitte
are bunches of black bristles; scutellum bearing about twenty bristles; meta-
pleure with a dense mat of yellow hairs; pleuree cinereous dusted. Abdomen
cylindrical, stout, somewhat shining, with long dense yellow pubescence ; no ven-
tral projections; hypopygium comparatively small, outwardly fulvous, closed,
globose, its lower valve with a fringe of yellow hairs, central filament hidden,
except at base, middle lamelle scarcely larger than upper ones. Coxe black,
dusted with gray and provided with yellow pubescence; middle and hind ones
with a row of longer black hairs along outer side; trochanters black, shining.
Legs dark castaneous. shining, not thickened, unarmed, provided with short
black bristles; tarsi piceous, black apically. Halteres yellow. Wings lightly
and evenly infumated, stigma faint, elongate and very narrow, veins narrow,
dark brown, normal, anterior branch of the third vein oblique and curved, dis-
cal cell two-thirds as long as the ultimate section of the fourth vein.

Female.—Differs thus: eyes widely separated ; pubescence shorter; front and
hind edges of middle and hind femora ciliate with short black scale-like hairs ;
inner edge of hind tibia likewise fringed, but not so densely.

One male and one female. Sitka, Alaska, in the Loew collection
in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. SEPTEMBER, 1902.

Oe A. L. MELANDER.

This species is closely related to obesa Loew, but differs in the
much denser vestiture of the body.

Empis neomexicana sp. noy.

Male and Female. Length of body 6 mm., of wing 9 mm.—Black species, finely
dusted with brownish pollen, devoid of all pile and bristles, the extremely short
and sparse pubescence of the body and legs whitish. Occiput gray dusted. An-
tenne black, moderately long, the third joint lanceolate, its style short and thick.
Palpi short, pale yellow; proboscis black, nearly three times the height of the
head. Thorax with four brown vitte, obliterated in front of the scutellum ;
scutellum and metapleurz with no bristles. Abdomen cylindrical, the basal
segments dusky yellowish in the male, hypopygium not large, erect, pedunculate
by the flattened projecting basal piece, upper lamelle fleshy, yellow, middle
lamelle black, triangular, their free ends touching and encircling a deflexed
curved spur-like process, from the base of the forward side of the hypopygium
arise a pair of long erect filiform reddish styles. Coxe and legs yellow, hind
legs from middle of femora outward dusky, legs simple and slender in both sexes.
Halteres yellow. Wings hyaline, veins dark brown, thin, stigma faint, elongate,
situated far from the tip of the marginal cell, which extends considerably beyond
the fureation of the third vein, second section of the front border of the discal
cell five times the length of the first section. its hind border equal to the outward
continuation of that vein, anal vein wanting in the male, evanescent in the
female.

One male and one female from the top of the Las Vegas Range,
New Mexico, June 28, 1902, altitude 11,000 feet. (CH. L. Viereck).

Empis vaginifer sp. nov.

Male. Length 5 mm.—Black, thickly overlaid with fine silvery-gray dust.
Eyes broadly contiguous above the antenne, facets uniform and small. Face
with brownish dust. Antenne short, black, not bristly, the third joint twice as
long as broad, its arista equal to its breadth. Palpi slender, short, yellow; pro-
boscis nearly twice the height of the head, black. Occiput gray dusted, with
two irregular rows of sparse short black bristles above, and below with a small
bunch of fine white hairs on each side in back of the cheeks. Thorax dusted
with gray, almost devoid of hairs, the acrostichals and dorsi-centrals short and
sparse, humeral and lateral bristles stronger; notum provided with four rather
broad slaty-brown vitte ; scutellum with four short bristles; pectus with a few
white hairs; metapleurz with a fine bunch of white hairs. Abdomen depressed,
cinereous-dusted, the basal segments provided with sparse white hairs laterally ;
the seventh dorsal segment strongly convex, almost hemispherical, the eighth
minute, together with the small hypopygium hidden within the large tubular
testaceous eighth ventral segment, which is produced at its upper basal angles
into two stout cylindrical processes articulating with suitable callosities on the
sixth dorsal. Coxe rufous, but overlaid with cinereous dust, provided outwardly
with a few short bristles, those of the base of the front ones whitish, the others
black. Legs rather shining, testaceous, their bristles small, the outer ends of the
tarsal joints somewhat more dusky; tarsal joints evenly decreasing in length,
the front and middle tarsi cylindrical, the hind metatarsi and hind tibie as thick

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 353

as the femora, the inflation of the tarsus gradually subsiding apically; pulvilli
reddish. Halteres large, yellow. Wings clear hyaline, stigma wanting, the
veins pale brown, normal, third vein furcate beyond the marginal cell, the hind
border of the discal cell two-thirds the length of the outward continuation of
that vein.

One male, District of Columbia. In the Osten Sacken Collection
at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.

Page 298. Empis longipes Loew.

In the male the tips of the front coxe, the forward side of the
middle ones and the outer half of the hind ones, together with the
underside of the hind trochanters are provided with conspicuous
black bristles. The hind trochanters are bordered apically with
black. In the female, the hairs are shorter and the black of the
trochanters is reduced to a spot. The male hypopygium is densely
covered with fine dusky hairs on the outer portion of the middle
lamellze, while the lower valve is fringed with fine black bristles.

Page 301. Empis armipes Loew.

The armament of the hind legs of the male is much like that of
mixopolia.

Page 304. Empis stenoptera Loew.

Dr. Loew makes no mention of an important secondary sexual
character of this species. The underside of the hind trochanters of
the male is provided with a fringe of black spiny scales, which
places the species in a group with nuda and cacuminifer.

Page 309. Empis obesa Loew.

This species measures eight mm. instead of three as given in the
Centuries. Having been led astray by this fact, Mr. Coquillett
established his ravida upon the same form.

Page 322.

The dubious poplitea is the same as serperastrorum, the descrip
tion of which will have to go under the name of Loew’s species.

Page 330. Empimorpha comantis Coquillett.
A male and a female, also from San Francisco, collected by Mr.
H. Edwards, are in the Loew collection at Cambridge. The male is

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (45) OCTOBER, 1902

354 A. L. MELANDER.

typical, but the female departs from Mr. Coquillett’s type. In this

specimen the hirsuteness of the body is much reduced, on the face

almost completely disappearing, and elsewhere shorter and sparser
than in the male. The cheetotaxy of the coxe is similar for both

sexes. Both also have a series of short black bristles on the under-

side of the middle and hind femora. The structure of the hypopy-

gium, as well as the whole habitus, suggests the group obesa of

Empis, which, in consideration of the nearly glabrous face, renders

the validity of Mr, Coquillett’s genus somewhat precarious.

Page 332. Iteaphila orchestris sp. nov.

Male and Female. Length 5 mm.—Deep opaque black over all, the thorax of
the female with dark brown dust, rather hairy species. Eyes of the male con-
tiguous on the front, of the female very widely separated. Antenne equalling
the height of the head, first two joints moderately large, barrel-shaped, with but
few hairs, third joint twice as long as basal two, elongate-lanceolate, not much
tapering, blunt, its short arista two-jointed, the first joint thick, the second
minute. Proboscis about as long as the head-head, extending straight forward,
stouter than in peregrina, palpi slender, equalling the proboscis in length, and
applied to it, provided with numerous black hairs. Face bare, occiput covered
with dense black pubescence, Thorax moderately pubescent, the hairs sparser
and longer posteriorly, the pubescence wanting on two vitte of piceous color,
scutellum with a fringe of about twenty long hairs; abdomen moderately pubes-
cent basally. The vestiture of the female is much reduced, and not of such a
deep black color. Genitalia of the male small, consisting of several projecting
filamentous appendages. Legs slender, the knees sometimes brownish, the
femora of the male with regular sparse black cilia above and below. Halteres
black, the pedicels yellowish in the female. Wings of the male rather pointed,
very lightly infumated, stigma elongate, narrow, smoky, veins black, third vein
furcate quite a distance beyond the tip of the marginal cell, the submarginal cel]
therefore small; of the female, the wings are hyaline, the veins dark fuscous,
becoming yellow at the base, the apex is blunter, while the third vein is furcate
just beyond the end of the marginal cell, stigma faint.

Described from numerous specimens taken by Mr. H. L. Viereck,
June 28, 1902, near the top of the Las Vegas Range, New Mexico,
at an altitude of 11,000 feet. The species differs apparently from
macquarti in that the veins are not at all bordered with brown, and
the third antennal joint is not oval. From peregrina it can be
readily distinguished by the hirsute body and shortened proboscis.

These flies were swarming over a small creek-bed in an anzemo-
tropic dance so characteristic of many of the members of this sub-
family.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 355

CATALOGUE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF EMPIDID.

MYTHICOMYIINA.
Mythicomyia Coquillett. Hilaromorpha Schiner.
Rileyi Cog. Calif. Mikii Willist. Tl.
tibialis Cog. Calif. obscura Big. Calif. ~
TACHYDROMIIN &.
Phoneutisea Loew. monticola sp. nov. Col. Fig. 41.

bimaculata Lw. Alaska,S. Dak. Fig. 1. pluto sp.nov. Id., Cal. Fig. 39.

simplicior Wh. et Mel. Mex. Fig. 6. —-apicalis Lw. Penn., N. Y., Mass.
diversipes Cog. Alaska.

Stilpon Loew. incultus Cog. Cal., Tex.
varipes Lw.- Penn. tersus Cog. N. Car., Ga., La.
Houghii sp. nov. Mass.. Figs. 2, 3. impexus sp. nov. Mich., S. Dak.
pectiniger sp. nov. Mass., Wisc. Figs. | letus Lw. N. H.
Ane flavirostris Lw. N. H.
minuta sp. noy. N. Mex. +-mesogrammus Lw. N, J.,D.C., Penn.,
—nigripes sp. nov. N, Mex. Tenn.

vicarius Walk.

--canus sp.nov. Cal. Figs. 29, 40, 45.
hians sp. nov. Col. Figs. 32, 36, 37.
inops sp. nov. Wyom., Id.

Drapetis Meigen.

— Uunipila Zw. Tex., Cal. Figs. 10, 14, 21.
—medetera sp. nov. Colo., Ariz., Wyom.
Fig, 22. incurvus sp. noy. Cal. Figs. 31, 33, 34.
nigra Meig. S. Dak. Figs. 12, 17, 24. |-gravidus sp. nov. Cal. Figs. 25, 42.
—- dividua sp. nov. Id. Figs. 16, 18, 23. lateralis Lin. oNeooe
latipennis sp. nov. Wis., Ks. Figs. 11, 19. Gaacitare tans anne
apicis Willist. St. Vincent. hastatus sp. nov. Ks., Id., N. Mex.
pubescens Lw. N. Y. Fig. 30.
divergens Iw. Ga., Ala., Tex. Fig. 15.
minuta Willist. St. Vincent.
femoralis Wh. e¢ Mel. Mex. Fig. 13.

eequalis Lw. Mass., Quebec, Id., La., Cal.
Veena Fitch. Mass., Mich., Id.,

Penn.
Fepicatrionalis sp. nov. Mich. ; tenellus sp. noy. Ill.,S.D. Figs. 28, 38.
— coe sp.nov. Mass., Tex. Figs. gilvipes Cog. Alaska.
9, 20. rufiventris sp. nov. N. Mex.

gilvipes Lw. Tex., St. Vincent, Ga.

+ Vierecki sp. nov. N. Mex.
—flavida Willist. Yucatan, Mex., W.

Ind., La. Tachydromia Macquart.
-~Schwarzii Cog. Tex., Mex., Id. Wyom.,
Elaphropeza Macquart. Cal. Fig. 52.

montana sp. nov. Colo. Figs. 7,8. —-enecator sp. noy. Quebec, Wyom.
bacis Walk. Jamaica.

Platypalpus Macquart. vittipennis Walk.
trivialis Zw. Me., Mass.,D.C. Figs..inusta sp. nov. N. Mex., Id. Figs.
26, 34, 43. 50, 54,
caligatus sp. nov. Mex. Figs. 27, 35,46. | porteecola Walk. H. Bay.
lupatus sp. nov. N. M. Winthemi Zett. N. H.
—pachycnemus Lw. D.C.,N. J. postica Walk. Ks. Fig. 53.

TRANS, AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. : OCTOBER, 1902.

306

Mid. States.
H. Bay.
H. Bay.

fenestrata Say.
_ similis Walk.
maculipennis Walk.
clavipes Lw. Ill.
——pusilla Zw. Mass., N.J., Ill.
rostrata Lw. N. H., Mass.
rapax,Lw. Mass., Ind., Wis., Wyom.,
N. Mex. Fig. 55.

Fig. 51.

A. L. MELANDER.

Bering Is.
N. Mex.
Needs

nubifera Coq.
corticalis sp. nov.
brachialis sp. nov.

Coloboneura gen. nov.

inusitata sp. nov. Fla., Mass., R. I.

Figs. 47-49.

HEMERODROMIIN &.

Hemerodromia Meigen.

_— scapularis Lw.
Wyom., N. Mex. Fig. 59.

Mex. Figs. 56, 60.

Col., Wyom. Figs.

mexicana sp. nov.
——collusor sp. nov.
57, 58, 64.
_—defecta Iw. D.C., N. J.
superstitiosa Say. N. W. Terr., Fla.
— rogatoris Cog. N.C., La., Queb., Wis.,
Wyom. Fig. 65.
_-empiformis Say. Pa., Fla., N. J., Ill.,
St. Vincent? N. Y.?
defessa Willist St. Vincent.
captus Cog. N.Y.
albipes Walk. H. Bay Terr.
notata Lw. Ill.
valida Lw. H. B. Terr.
preecatoria Fall. H. Bay Terr.
obsoleta Lw. Il.
palloris Coq.

Litanomyia gen. nov.

mexicana Wh. et Mel. Mex.
——elongata sp. noy. Mass., Can. Wis.,

8. D.

Chiromantis Rondani.

vocatoria Fall. N. J.

Me., Penn., Md., Tenn., |

Te:

pinotata Lw.

Synamphotera Loew.

bicolor Lw. Alaska.

Oreothatlia gen. nov.
pelops sp. noy. Id.

Sciodromia Haliday.

|-pullata sp. nov. N. Mex

Roeederiodes Coquillett.
IN WC

juncta Cog.

Ardoptera Macquart.

irrorata Fall. Europe, N. Am.

Clinocera Meigen.

simplex Lw. H. Bay Terr.
lepida sp. nov. Id.

N. H. _—-—dolicheretma sp. noy. Id.

conjuncta Iw. D, C.

taos sp.nov. N. H.

lecta sp. nov. Id.

N. Y., Quebec.

maculata Lw. D.C.

lineata Lw. Penn., Wash. Figs. 61, 62.
fuscipennis Lw. N. H.

maculipes Big. Cal.

HYBOTINZ.

Meghyperus Loew.
occidens Cog. Cal.

nitidus sp. nov. Id, Figs. 72, 73.

Syneches Walker.

albonotatus Lw. D.C.
—hyalinus Cog. Mad.
— pusillus Lw. W. Ind., N.
Ks., Fla.

e58 WaS.,0)

| debilis Cog. Ga., D. C.. Md.
| quadrangularis Wh. et Mel. Mexico.
Fig. 85.

rufus Iw. N. Y., Ohio, Ill., Wis.
+.thoracicus Say. Pa., N. C., Ky., Ill.

Fig. 84.
{simplex Walk. Mass., N. C., Ga., Bla;
Wise., Ont. Fig. 86.
_ longipennis sp. nov. NZ?

ee

ee

AMERICAN DIPTERA.

Syndyas Loew.

dorsalis Iw. N. Y., Ill.
apolita Lw. Mass., La., Ks. Fig. 83.

Hybos Meigen.
typicus Wh. et Mel. Mex.
spinicosta Wh. et Mel. Mex. Fig. 77.
mellipes Wh. et Mel. Mex. Fig. 78.
_— electus nom. nov. W. Ind., Mass., La.,
Fla.
--Slossonz Cog. Mass., N. H., Wis.
—reversus Walk. N. J.
_. triplex Walk. Yucatan, Mex., Mass.,
Fla., Col. Fig. 79-81.
sequens nom. noy, Mex.

Oedalea Meigen.

ohioensis sp. noy. Ohio, N. J.

74-76.

Figs.

BOT

Leptopeza Macquart.

4—flavipes Meig. Va. (Europe). Fig. 68.
disparilis sp. nov. Cal., Id. Fig. 69.
|. compta Cog. Mass., Ohio, Wis., IIl.,

Tenn. Fig. 70.

Ocydromia Meigen.
tglabricula Fall. Wis., Wyom., N. Mex.,
Vane. Figs. 66, 67.
Megacyttarus Bigot.

argenteus Big. Col.

Brachystoma Meigen.

Robertsonii Cog. Ohio, Tenn., Ill.
occidentalis sp. nov. Id.,Wash. Fig. 80.

Blepharoprocta Loew.

nigrimana lw. Ill.
binummus Lw. D.C., Ohio. Figs. 91,92.
serratula Lw. Ga., Tenn. Fig. 90.

i

EMPIDINZ.

Empimorpha Coquillett.

ww barbata Lw. Cal. Fig. 106.
comantis Cog. Cal.

geneatis sp. nov. Cal. Fig. 105.

Pachymeria Stephens.

—pudica Lw. D. C., Va., Penn., N. J.,
Cloudcroft, N. Mex.
brevis Lw. D.C.

Em pis Linneaus.

annulipes Wh. et Mel. Mex. Fig. 115.

montezuma Wh. et Mel. Mex. Fig. 114.

bicolor Bell. Mex. Figs. 112, 113.

atrifemur Wh. et Mel. Mex. Figs. 116,
Lae:

azteca Wh. et Mel. Mex. Fig. 119.
pegasus 0. S. Mex.

xochit] Wh. et Mel. Mex. Fig. 118.
totipennis Bell. Mex.

spiloptera Wied. Mex.
merclausa Gog. Tex. )S) Di Ll.
Fig. 129.
asema sp.noy. Tex. Fig. 130.
triangula Cog. Alaska.
labiata Lw. D. C.

Ohio.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII.

j.distans Zw. Conn., Penn., La., Ga.
Fig. 127.

dolorosa Wh. et Mel. Mex. Fig. 128.

cormus Walk. H. Bay Terr., Col. ?

luctuosa Kirby. Brit. Am.
gulosa Cog. Ill.

|—humile Cog. Ill.
poeciloptera Tw. N.Y.
longipes Iw. N. Y., Penn
sordida Lw. D.C.

abcirus Walk. Ga.

eudamidas Walk.

amytis Walk. N.Y.

ollius Walk. N. Scot.

laniventris Esch. Unalaska, Bering
Is., Copper Is.

colonica Walk. N. Scot.

leptogastra Lw. D.C.

armipes Lw. N.Y.

tridentata Cog. Penn. Fig. 132.
enti JU BNE NG
e-tufescens Lw. N.H., Mass. Fig. 120.
rubida Wh. et Mel. Mex. Fig. 121.
_Lotiosa Cog. Ill., Conn., Ks., La., Mass.
Fig. 122.
Johnsoni sp.nov. Penn. Fig. 123.

OCTOBER, 1902.

358 A. L. MELANDER.

enodis sp. noy. Ill. Fig, 125. Hilara Meigen.

_—cacuminifer sp. nov. Ohio, Ala. Fig. | viridis Cog. Jamaica.

124. 4testacea Lw.. N..H., N. J.

stenoptera Lw, N. H. SS lutess2a Ds One Nars :

——nuda Lw. Ill., Montreal. Fig. 126. femorata Lw. N. J., N. Y.. Md., Ohio,
compta Cog. Ill., La. T Wis.

—varipes Lw, Pa. aurata Cog. Me., Alaska.
levicula Cog. Ill. 4-umbrosa Lw. Mass., Ill.
neomexicana sp. noy. N. Mex. basalis Lw. Tl. |
vaginifer sp. nov. D.C. quadrivittata Meig. Alaska.
scatophagina sp. noy. Alaska. +-leucoptera Lw. Fla., N. J. |
avida Cog. Ill. bella sp. nov. Mass, Fig. 94. |
comantis Cog. Cal. macroptera Iw. D. C.

brachysoma Cog. Alaska. Fig.110. _| eongregaria sp. nov. Cal.
Aldrichii sp. nov. Id., Oreg. Fig. 110. | Johnsoni Cog. Ala.
——obesa Lw. N.H., Mass., Ga., Id., Wash. | tristis Lw. N.H., N.J. |

Fig. 111. {mutabilis Zw. Ill, N. J.
captus Cog. N. Car., Ga. trivittata Lw. Ill; Ala., Tex.
tersa Cog. N. Car. eve sp. nov. Cal.
tenebrosa Cog. Tex. cana Cog. Cal.
~~ spectabilis Lw. Md.,N.J.Pa. Fig. 109. |-baculifer sp. nov. Ga. Fig. 96.
levigata Iw. N. H. unicolor Lw, Mass., Md.
— virgata Cog. Wash., Br. Col. Fig. 108. | velutina Lw. D.C.
pellucida Cog. Alaska. atra Lw. Mass., Ill., Col., N. Mex.
fumida Cog. Alaska. |.carbonaria sp. nov. Mass.
infumata Cog. Alaska. brevipila Lw. Ill.
eceligena sp. noy. Ala. Fig. 107. _l gracilis Lw. Pa., N. J.
—«teressp.ngv. Id. Figs. 138, 142. nigriventris Lw. Pa.
_- loripedis Oog. Ill., Ohio, Penn. Fig. | seriata Lw. N. H., N. J.
131. _~-Wheeleri Mel. Wyom. Fig. 95.
__ gladiator sp. nov. Ks. Fig. 134.
arthritica sp. nov. Pa. Figs. 135, 144. Gloma Meigen.
podagra sp. nov. Id. rufa Lw. N. H.
mira Big. Cal. obscura Lw. N.H., Id. Fig. 93.
Bigoti nom. noy, Cal. seopifera Cog. Alaska.
manca Cog. Cal.
valentis Cog. Cal. Fig. 138. Ragas Walker.
clauda Cog. Alaska. mabele sp. nov. Id. Fig. 98.

__poplitea Lw. Alaska, Vane., Id., Col., | conjuncta Cog. Alaska.
N. Mex. Figs. 136, 145.

aerobatica sp. noy. Cal., Id. Hormopeza Zetterstedt.
nodipes sp. noy. N. Mex. Fig. 148. bullata sp. nov. Wyom. Fig. 88.
dolabraria sp. sp.. Cal. brevicornis Lw. 8. Dak., Id., Wyom.,
faleata sp. nov. Id., Cal., N. Mex. Alaska. Fig. 87.

Fig. 137. nigricans Lw. Id., Alaska.
canaster sp. noy. Id., Oreg. Figs.

139, 140. Lamprempis Wheeler et Melal-

_—ripessp. nov. Id. Fig. 141. der, gen. nov.

mixopolia sp.nov. Id. | violacea Lw. Mex. Figs. 103, 104.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 359

superba Lw. Cuba. sycophantor sp. noy. Id.
eyanea Bell.

suavis Lw. Mex.
chichimeeca Wh. et Mel. Mex. Figs.

Mex. bilineata sp. nov. La. Fig. 99.

Euthyneura Macquart.

100, 101, 102. flayipilosa Cog. Br. Col.
diaphorina 0. S. Mex. crocata Cog. Alaska.

benigna O. S.

bucinator sp. noy. Penn.
nura sp. nov. Mass.

Iteaphila Zetterstedt. atripes sp. nov. Cal.

peregrina sp. noy. Cal. Fig. 97.
Macquart Zett. N. H., Quebec.
—orchestris sp. nov. N. Mex,

bulbosa sp. nov. Penn.
stentor sp. nov. N. Mex.
aperta sp. nov. N. Mex.

Cyrtoma Meigen.

Microphorus Macquart. halteralis Lw. D. C., Wis.
drapetoides Walk. H. Bay Terr. femorata Lw. N. H.
procera Lw. Alaska.
Holoclera Schiner. longipes Iw. Mass., Wyom., N. H.,
ravida Cog. Cal. Tll., N. Mex. Fig. 71.
atrata Cog. Alaska. pilipes Zw. Il.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
PLATE V.

Fig. 1. Phoneutisca bimaculata Lw., wing.

oe

10:
par luli
pales
Seales:
peels
S15.
aks
eelti(a
alee
oe Als)
S20!
pao lis
aes
* 23.

TRANS.

“ec

iT

sé

2. Stilpon Houghii sp. nov., antenna.

ae

hypopygium, s
pectiniger sp. noy., wing.

3
4
5. Elaphropeza montana sp. noy., wing.
“ 6. Phoneutisca simplicior Wh. et. Mel., wing.
7. Elaphropeza montana sp. nov., wing.
8
9

os

antenna.

. Drapetis spectabilis sp. noy., wing.

unipila Lw., wing.

latipennis sp. noy., wing.

nigra Meig., wing.

femoralis Wh. et Mel., wing.

unipila Lw., right hind leg.

divergens Lw., wing.

dividua sp. nov., wing.

nigra Meig., antenna.

dividua sp. nov., apical joint of antenna.
latipennis sp. nov., antenna.

spectabilis sp. nov., right antenna from above and inside.
unipila Lw., outer side of the right antenna.
medetera sp. nov., right antenna,

dividua sp. nov., hypopygium.

AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. OCTCBER, 1902,

360

Fig. 24. Drapetis nigra Meig., hypopygium.
‘* 25. Platypalpus gravidus sp. nov., antenna.
pemeeOs - trivialis Lw., antenna.
Se is os caligatus sp. noy., antenna,
oe oe ss tenellus sp. nov., antenna.
aS). sf canus sp. nov., antenna.
SoU: a hastatus sp. nov., antenna,
Soeollle oe imeurvus sp. noy., antenna,
oes - hians sp. noy., antenna.
Pe aioeks S incurvus sp. noy., wing.
<A, a trivialis Lw., wing of male.

PLATE VI.

Fig. 35. Platypalpus caligatus sp. nov., wing of male.
ne our es hians sp. noy., head,

SouecLdh oe “« wing of male.
ipess: od tenellus sp. nov., hypopygium.
Oo: i pluto sp. noy., wing.
AO! vs canus sp. NOv., wing.
fe xd, ast monticola sp. nov., hypopygium.
SAD. gravidus sp. nov., wing.
AS. o trivialis Lw., hypopygium.
“44, ss imeurvus sp. noy., hypopygium.
Secs i canus sp. noy., hypopygium.
t 346: oe caligatus sp. nov., hypopygium from above.
“ 47. Coloboneura inusitata sp. nov., head.
eras, s 5 wing,
< A9: * antenna.
“ 50. Tachydromia inusta sp. nov., wing.
2 le 4 pusilla Lw., hypopygium.
mee os Schwarzii Coq., wing.
Shee DOs : postica Walk., hypopygium.
Si DA S inusta sp. nov., hypopygium.
st 55: a rapax Lw., hypopygium.
“ 56. Hemerodromia mexicana sp. nov., wing.
BG s collusor sp. noy., antenna.
Sepe: a _ hypopygium.-
neo 2 scapularis Lw., hypopygium.
=] 160: > mexicana sp. nov., hypopygium.

PLATE VII.

Fig. 61. Clinocera lineata Lw., wing.
se" 462: > 4 antenna.
“ 63. Litanomyia mexicana Wh. et Mel., wing.
“64. Hemerodromia collusor sp. nov., hypopygium.
Go: a rogatoris Coq., hypopygium. —
“ 66. Ocydromia glabricula Fall., antenna.
SGU. ot = hypopygium.

A. L. MELANDER.

een ete

i i i i ia ae ei —
an a on

il

Fig. 68.
G9:
eta,
ae t
“ 72
Seen feos
ee!
ior
oe euiiGs
Se 2
TA
Been Os
aerSO:
seach
Soe
mes
“ 84
si
ao SG:
Fig. 87.
maces
8s
aU:
SOs
meen 2
paso:
gpl
ga:
96,
ba OG
eos:
no 99)
“100.
Tile
2:
03:
ol ae
‘105.
“* 106.
peal Oe
** 108.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 361

Leptopeza flavipes Meig., antenna.
disparilis sp. noy., hypopygium.
compta Coq., hypopygium,

“ce

. Cyrtoma longipes Lw., wing.
. Meghyperus nitidus sp. noy., antenna.

< wing.
. Oedalea ohioensis sp. nov., leg.
s wing.
a he hypopygium.

. Hybos spinicosta Wh. et Mel., wing.

4c

mellipes Wh. et Mel., wing.
‘triplex Walk., hypopygium.
a fs antenna.

ss . antenna.

2. Lactistomyia insolita gen. et sp. nov., leg.
. Syndyas polita Lw., wing.
. Syneches thoracicus Say, wing.

a guadrangularis Wh. et Mel., wing.
simplex Walk., wing.

PLATE VIII.

Hormopeza brevicornis Lw., hypopygium.
= bullata sp. nov., antenna.

Brachystoma occidentalis sp. nov., whole insect.
Blepharoprocta serratula Lw., wing.

q binummus Lw., hypopygium.

rs es side view of the hypopygium.
Gloma obscura Lw., wing.
Hilara bella sp. nov,, leg of male.

“ wheeleri Mel., front leg of male.

baculifer sp. nov., fore leg of male.
Tteaphila peregrina sp. nov., hypopygium.
Ragas mabelz sp. nov., hypopygium.
Holoclera bilineata sp. noy., wing.
Lamprempis chichimeca Wh. et Mel., wing.

cs cs hypopygium,

S os hind leg of male.
violacea Lw., hypopygium from above.

e ss hypopygium from the side.
Empimorpha geneatis sp. nov., hypopygium.

2 barbata Lw., hypopygium.
Empis cxligena sp. nov., male abdomen.

‘virgata Coq., male abdomen.

“ce

PLATE IX.

Fig. 109. Empis spectabilis Lw., hypopygium.

LOS
ome latte
eel 2:

6

Aldrichii sp. nov., hypopygium.
obesa Lw., hypopygium.
bicolor Bell., wing of male.

“cs

“ec

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. (46) OCTOBER, 1902.

362

A. L. MELANDER.

Fig. 113. Empis bicolor Bell, middle tarsus of male.

seam lols
lalla:
cemeer lolli.
LL.
Sele
eo aTIey
so eel20!
Semel
come;
eelios:
led
Ales:
seal 36:
eee ri(c
= 128;
ae O.
eel):
o WSIE
» . 132:
| 33:
» 134:
7 UBS.
baeel aoe
eS Te
ey alSich
eel oO:
+ 27140!
eae
Skahe.
a3:
“144,
1G).

we

montezuma Wh. et Mel., hypopygium.

annulipes Wh. et Mel., front tarsus.

atrifemur Wh. et Mel., front tarsus.
os antenna.

xochitl Wh. et Mel., hind metatarsus.

azteca Wh. et Mel., wing.

rufescens Lw., hypopygium.

rubida Wh. et Mel., wing.

otiosa Coq., hypopygium.

Johnsoni sp. nov., hypopygium.

cacuminifer sp. nov., hypopygium.

enodis sp. nov., hypopygium.

nuda Lw.. hypopygium.

distans Lw., wing.

dolorosa Wh. et Mel., wing.

clausa Coq., wing.

asema sp. nov., hypopygium.

loripedis Coq., hypopygium.

tridentata Coq., hypopygium.

teres sp. nov., hypopygium.

gladiator sp. nov., hypopygium.

arthritica sp. nov., hypopygium.

poplitea Lw., hypopygium.

falcata sp. nov., hypopygium.

valentis Coq., hypopygium.
canaster sp. nov., hypopygium.

as hind leg of male.
zripes sp. nov., hind leg of male,
teres sp. nov., hind leg of male from inside.
nodipes sp. nov., hind leg of male from outside.
arthritica sp. nov., hind leg of male from outside.
poplitea Lw., hind leg of male from inside.

Norr.—This paper was accepted by the faculty of Arts, Science and Litera-
ture of the University of Texas as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science.

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 363

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES.

PAGE PAGE

ATO PEMA eter ielereke retary ecto 238 | Drapetis pubescens......... 210, 340
PENOLA Usekelewtatote totetelce cbs cielere's 939 SEPLEMELVIO MAIS oralorsiee s/s letenel « 911
Blepharoprocta -.----++-+-+++-++++ 261 FRAO cob ees6ddooos 212, 340
ANUTAUL EAN TLNELS ite velieletel allelevellelet tere lslre 261 ADNAN Ale notie etetstoyteneeetottenten-Penata t= 911
NigrimMana -..-+-++-e eee ees 261 xanthopodus = gilvipes ....212
Serratulaie + srt. Si bisare: cine 262 Bi AIO POZA oPaiereteete tere telelel yells feds 913
ISEACIIV SUOMI ened ateyel eters eleiciels eonisisl 1 > 259 MOMLATIAC erate ete icicle Sete ase 213
OCCIGONCAlISiskeeatenetetaia lelevese 260 BATA PINT ON east eneyerheraleeioneral he ever ote 329
FLOUETUSO TM Mercheletsteteteictsrerersterere 260 barbats,, «<< cs cere ea croc ei 329

Giro WANCI Ss atotee ack oricts we ersteta es 344 GCOMANTHS Ga csclaseioce orelsare ss 330
VOCALONID sere scletstci ccs sistas 345 geneatis....... Tee ee he a 329
@IINOCCTA GS ston = seeks elo eine trots DANG. || ihe, GoagoooboccoccopnsosedseD, S50)
DUNG Caterer ciaetctctsle cl craic cree 943 SD CUTUS ts ehe ccstectslove etoe a acne tree 299
conjuncta ............. 242, 346 PE TIMCS mets sr tekaiere tstiste atest 328

MLOMIG RENE GINA bo cleo re aerere eta 941 ACFODADICA «sce oe keces eee 323
HOUSCIPSUMIS ele. etter eleieielo + 245 IATVATICHM epee er Me auale tease 309

LECT erete het shsccsncl cto etetetcle oe ieselle 943 PT ANS) SOoos oo oon oHodosnoAd 299
Neil ciptetotetatterscel ots clovers\aisiel oars DAL annulipes.....-..........+.289

NM Ga banretetencet ale isthe awk eee 244 AVM Smeretrtrh miele 300, 353
VIRTUE siehel tate otelatisielanetaccl shale 244 AUNT ti Cairanciencpneteshere eter er ates 318
MACUIIPES (ee cl eccle eee o0 245 ASCIMAY etenotececcrstcineterc eietetlioete -294

SINAN Oman Meena aletekeesteyebenater eer 240 ITEM er Peeererate etter lence 290

TAOS et ato ett otal O19 AVG ATS eA 307

WOO DOTMCUTA eaters lols lotletotels) eretet ool eieveness OO) PUZDO CD em tahccen Geo rmieiet alc evetes ks eteds 991
TMMILSICA Aetna cleats 230, 344 DICOLOTI As ec cee ee ee 991
Oye VO ane tenertte et atetstate es Porette tert 335 IBIxobinetnsdserte os eeriay: 319
FIMOVEN oe SoomaccdococooOd 335 brachysoma Rietanaiston cueteavonteerasire 308
aktersliset-stast recreates 335 GAOMINNMNKI® cococccuoosooac 304
LOM P Apes arte letere el aisle) elelolel sais 336 Cl ender tes tee eietmt ic 314
Pilipes <)-). 1.) «\.56 .)e'6s oistea © 336 CANS bE WeReietereietey seiner et otei-le 326
PTOCETA --- +02... wees eens 835 CAPTUS's 66.08 ee cee ee we 310
Drapetis «2. .----...cesceeeeeeee 206 CLA etaterertatehener se occheiate races sake 321
apicis....- ap Witalisetatova Me eres sce 209 CLAUS Anew teecreretsiereccreereheenersiey a) 293

CVE SONS elstelatatolel cteye Taree ol 210 COlOMICA eae re roe eis 300
CWA Areteliatstntelete cfetet esis eveter vere 208 COMA EIS oareteres chr e ea wes 308
FETIOTALGS etoreinele ts ee astorsrerera 211 COMP CA relate alee ere ole) ole tO

Larval iuaetecsrctonete iota eters erenets woke 913 OTIS Were custevetis ers idvec c's tes cia auase 296

Phy PSS Uthevcilelorowver eerste 213 GISCOMVEMIGA erence «(cle ete clonte 7 326

Wev tie rise rental tetettelleteler ici ts 209 Gistarismsriertarres cers Pcie 995

MEG ELSA iclolevectsle cietsieterers ese) et 908 GOlRDPATIA: Face 0 01. sec 0 creiere.e 325
WVLTTVELES el ccs ale eiche latetaroreea ane ake 2°10 GOlOTOBAL ches isesste rere oiete testers oO

TA SUA ate eetieeat ata aeter ey elisteli of oyieretat oe 208 EGHOGIS Horie cea ete ace eeaUe

HAN G1 eae — ALTA PON Red sieretettctaerarares 339 CU MINT AS verter etereelvolalotelale 299

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. OCTOBER, 1902.

A. L. MELANDER.

364

PAGE

EXmpis falcata... 25 2 .c+ 55 20-00 326
FUT TIATC aitaveue aiereta eros @iaicle avoverheve 313
PAN GDENC) SooGosa5d0n 0006 296
SAG TACOM ye ereistelaclele)ole/alelaieinyere 316
TU) Osa tetera heteeteteketatet aan 296
ANTM ee wietsevensrcisssieaenavekerstemene 297
ATM EUDITT D beatae cisions scimsetes nererelelece 314
TOHMMNSOM ese serra Cee 303
labIAtA seceseyeewsiers we scletoterns 294
LeeVIL ATA % ©. qlee +\e)cilelareleiels« 312
BMMAVETIENIS solerseinetons eroueleier +7 300
He piO Masha ketertereistvetelsreretey= 300
levicula. beeen eee eee eee ees 307
Jonpipes:..+---------. 298, 353
loripedis .....-....+..--..- 316
HINCTWOSANsters sicterehene oom us focereiers 296
THAN CACHE caisOralcrierste verona oes 320
ULM aracehe eicee tc lovee wots a teh etecnceucuese 319
MMA NO VEO.b oop Oo BODDCKCOC OM 327
AVVONILE ALIN icnevel sievelieliareveierecenenats 990)
NEOMEXICGAM A elevo) esslalelelctetsa ss 352
INDGhhes] Aaeddsovmgooceeqonr 324
WG: sais eusisisvouseieleve alevevarsios #6 305
obesa....- ayegeabeelenecstotenets 309, 353
Oli taster stoic sPesie te eretonsiateuereledenele 299
OLTOSAisistevere cise sacieneneesielakelereree sie 302
Pal ll aes tatertsevdeyetetels)cpeneteletsTe 301
PCZASUS. .- eee ere ee eee eee ee 992
pellucida... .........-...- 313
POG ae el et ee letenekererereorieer=r stays 318
Poacilaopbonaiattarslel esti alate 298
jE, oS becosoossuscoanGe 321
TAO, = Oeehhow eo cons scuac 310
TU DLs «, wevelete:s cre cusvels sictsionst te 302
TUPESCENS=<:cie, eeisieiske Se rsleeanes 302
Seatophapin seers) tereetierrrs 351
serperastrorum = poplitea. .324.

353.

SOTGIG aa ck nncsetoreren oes 998
FOOSE cooodso-nb0scooue 311
SPUOPtOUA ee ee trelese rises elec 292
stenoptera ............- 304, 353
EONODUOSA ieee cicero eickeretsistenel: 311
ERAN GSikedeketersrereisoictenetstenere sien eaters 315
POMS eeetatatets teers eeler al alee Soil!
NOUN Bion ooo AS ape DonoDS 292
POST ono-boSedoGoneoL 296
tridentata wesw coe chu eu 301

PAGE

MIs ava prt eKstere bre retetetsteel reteset 352

VALOMUIS Corrs crclereceictetnelceneiere 320

VALI POS ie lereser natn ites 307

Wee Go ongocobooboanocse 312

KOCHITE] crs seeteveyeotoe siiess’soteroe 292

NANCE oo oDoOdGOGaOGN So 256, 347

aperta .....-..-+.e.0.----ee 348

QULUP OS mele tata lets teeters 349

bUCcINAtON stele eee Reeee 348

BUT DOSA, sche is's wiabolan stout 349

CLOCAUA NG eieicieneleleintet ch eienabanatenerers 957

WEXATOWOSh coogovsn bone esods 257

TOUTE fo: aire: oe co ten ave ov lolecaon er senee sueie as 349

REETYEOM, eoavexostene taverns) ancrej otarerstoneee 348

Glo aand e003 eis eee eee O75

Meee) GUooDGOCOODGGCE Coss 276

TULL SAie ie re receiZo loyavaoletel teeter terecaners 275

SCOPIeracwi lcm meters 276

FLEMNETOG TOMI A elsteevelolelskeletseleveyelers 233

all DIP eS teeter mieveetaetei tera 937

GANUS: «sac omen ae eomee mete 237

EOMUSOMs wc. <cisicters che eereneeretets 935

WefECHAL. eis\Psicibrs oi hareenseyerate 235

COLERBA) cecetccarade marets aelepenentemeee 2937

empiformis ...-...........- 936

WMOXICANA, sicieielieeneteelobe raisers 935

THOCATA oictnlicieterenciehoucieteeucteraoteme 238

Obsolete cicteeievers ie eteh ov ernerveers 238

palloris ...-..-.+.+e.------ 938

PIECATOTIA cic sicieleye) eye sei 238

MOS AULOMIS aretelanetsy ceric Petal ketetete 236

SCP PU gris terete eee eet teeters 234

superstitiosa ............... 236

Vala) ind,ccrow sw antocmen ieee eas

RIT ar oie 55 se ete ais te cee este apr etere 262

UPA ot SRL ee 266

PUNT Ley Pereliclclalolsslotalts) elattalenersesr= as 269

ACU PET ete. <ie s/okn, chewtonensrsiseetetore O71

Asal issn r sieteniens eo

We Vay Stowe orelere-a ore ecauntbeconeerens 271

re VAP a: seis mim 01) r1e loin) syeelar ela 266

SAAN eA rehe lle taiel ote va ouene atest ae tees 269
CATDONALIA. cic ei-icl= > miekeesereer 97

congregaria.......-..-.-.-- 272

femonatances: scatterer 264

AN ALCT Ses eed ee taste here 266

JOINT gon cadonac wacom 268

leucopters, o<.06.-0)0.-+ 06 0c 266

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 365

PAGE
EM eure lteaiea clot cic lelersie lereiere!oraies 182267
macroptera ----- sete ees eee 267
TIS TA LA «\-icrerei-ls, ols © sve sis) =.018 271
NTNU EM EN Ld sitet nekateelatrctey\Folai/elere el 265
nigriventris -.-.+-.:e++++-- 265
MNUGAK «+--+... SWepsleteveketsReiena OS)
DlOWeTan arate enact ad-atreneaie 270
quadrivittata .............-. 264
ETA TA a oxserajr che wired teva. bach eiwssie 268
HEREACELicletchelsleleustetalensiekeisterststcl = 268
PTATISLU PS aleleyel-lolef-te ais ia lee 270
TEDIS TTS iteehancteNaliel totereversteveraiene execs 267
GINA ALAN nets) lorotat-tele -- 200, 265
(Ladera noo agoonocaeade 264, 350
WINE OO Merarakcietetelevetareketet toratore:« 965
Ore AGLI sales etceysiexakelcrcyetsteleleietewel ov 264
BU Ad CS: Netenen stole ch lowersicicesrcteetsreus 269

Wahee lemiivcheisisisietstcioner el ereserend are Q7
EG arPMOrpliaies «2 .cie sete cide Wsid os 336
BRUT siete se hn halen thts 337
OPDSECUMA fate catanle vavchae te eitie vis) 337
MAG OVA ateteteraleliciaicliotstayoretaheteretete teueiea 333
MUTA TA bere: s cietcveketeueyevave clete eee 333
bilineata...... Syl seks waren eee e 334
TPANVIG amohehersictenecitateltetaenayen ters 333
SVCOPMANGOM Wleies'e ciate eiejes wood
[Bieri oconneococeGb sop ancdes 273
DIE@VICOMNIS: ..c<cipcasle ces = 973
EWE Soobede Saia Ste Ga kotts Q74
THN GCC NS eeted detest etetetet relevent oh 275
IETiy, DOS| ever aiaterele)cle eels) s)cicte sis sie) ereiwie CA

dimidiatus Loew, see electus.
e Bell ‘ sequens.

OQlECHITSvepa eyneve ous sioars neve superiors 247
WAVE lM PES ereteeetense hese elecre ls 947
Assign opo GodoboonD Saou 248
SEQUEDS. +--+ ee eee eee ee ee eee 249
SIOSSOM se leleke-leie els tel vie velnellel aiens 247
SpInicosta. <<). 6.65.s.5..-5 246
triplex -...0. sees ee eee eee 248
IMMUN ob ooccuscogeT facie edo
Neresauyo Fill alepetecerteyereCere terete telat 331
MGAGC EM so c6ndocdsoenSons 331
OLRGHESETISS Tee eerie 354
PSMO MM ale ee eee reer 331
IDEOETIGIR AE! bo chomsoncotanmeoude 250
ATASO MGs vereredvenetocieovecs ive. sPaic arene 251
IDET IASC] Gao dcosasogusecueGdoH 278

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII.

PAGE

Lamprempis benigna......-..+..- 981
GCHICHIM CCA re «ore)o set oer cleis ota « -280
CYANEA 6 oe ec eceeec rece ceee 279
diaphorina ................ 281
SUAWAS elated evel chohelets shercteteis areiers, = 2980
Sige, Bocas oo nobobodmobed 979
VAGLACEM crovotersieverelieteteunretoreavedeceve 978
Leptopeza ....... Hiatal atiaPete Brel Stavel ators 257
COMPtA «eee ee rere re eevee 258
disparilis. J cshareietsle ola ensieks hones 258
flaVIPeS 2000+ ccess sce eecee 258

GI GATTO TINY: feta cl-tefeleraisy el ciclo) atejersheet= 231
CLONE Uapetaletteteretellatelateretaleverer 232

WME RICAN aicoel herders chateswccsiens 2392
WIGEAGALAUS coonneocooonpaoonede 250
argemteuS .-.........2seeee 250

Mie ouny ETU Sayer telalalelanevel stele ttetetefelitoye 255
MGI CIS eereteieishdersteterele tere beeen 255
OCCIGENS telceielrterd tea ima. 955

NG CrO PhOLUS perlite lente r 28839
Gmapetoid ester erties oer 332

Mery GhicOMiyay cee oes eles oie eles 337
ARR esyaiepareter eereneyeersy e-tetel eye] ote 338
tilyiaulitSitetepasloteteieratts siete rchhew ce 338
QreyGlivinis, coocososascucenoadonce 959
aA ie onapocassouocue nod 959
(ORGIENER Io co ooncundaanaogupcagbouod 256
OHIGENSISHee sitet 256, 347
Oreothaliiaisaac he aware slater 239
WETS cb onc nspocvunnpodgeon ‘233
PAC Hiy MMe Gla eere te letereterete dered et tellehalos ls 330
WTEVIS eas atsueoleie ie cloje ses elers's 331
PUGICA) Ssciewr ce se ceccocinere 330

NOME UtING Aer isrorcteoteneieienabeketeioscratehereics 904
OUTTA aU aeieielatenele tleleielaleleiel sie 204
SIMpPLIGIOT ee eee ces ees © 205
Er byy p09 los ete teeete ede tele peter terete el 214
EQUAL IS yetetelelels cietellel cielo elssr-1= 299
DTD] Cat Seton tet ekete fete eteleketele tar 218

Geall ica steerer etter ie celsraleterets 216

GA Sesattenteisieiotels atsyalete sine 290
CHASSMEMOTIS Mes) slele steterteeereieret 223

debilis, see crassifemoris.
discitense tetas cieeetdreoe ote

GUVENSI MES cletele ete elelletetetsterenet= 218
flavirostris............-219, 342
SUVA OSialakersteterel bate eles tsteleraei= 294
EPCS, Cnococ con don done 2971

OCTOBER, 1902.

A. L. MELANDER,.

PAGE

Platypalpus hastatus.............. 222
WyeaTaSis Stouenexes coreyerrevont ovehereete 990
IMO Seelepetedsoieter eta ee iene 219

AN CULES ya sereusssy0ersfooe pe ieneoeres 918

IN CUMVUS! wieletcisieeeteeeetenicG 921

INOPS «6 «seo cece cece esiveens 990

Tees order etateke atoll iatet= 219, 340

VAG TDLTS vo. <--cte ore tetepetannrerenctoterets 999

LEN VUULS fe te tetetete otatate er eiebol oleieleter 340
mesogrammus --..-...+--+- 219
MONICOlAtsscpicoecereeeiees 217
pPachyCnenMuUs ret sce (l- ele 217

DUO Merete ier eiereieriarlre O17
PUEUVETUGT US eicl-yalors iclolsstanvere le 341

TOME MG Sheysheveuslyeveicsere ohevebeusichouaye 293
GOMES erernievelslchode) ciab-yerstovenstarcueiere 219
ENUVABIS) 6c yore cts she cenens) oepoushennve 2°16

VA CBTHIS cl< ere e svereis as ctev aver oeiocene 220
WViGTECKE «0:5 5 <2 csr wpe sii sines.c 340

UO IS eraanera totter leis tebslelois = eltedecl iets arene Tic
COn|MMNCtAy eee eerie 77
ATVAO Seierersieie rates saueheonorehepaioleieters 277

RGA STIG ES ere <lersisie) selec ae retela eral ore 239
MUNG cosdansdoodsoncbseon 239
Sciodiromiianeanicteta ce weeerictora ones 345
PLA Cea anscte tet uetree nels net trea 8345
Sinai Gases cooosounsodonoadso ser 205
SEO upstate teletelebe tela ieneie tener 206
TVVUTUTEEA oe orca ate neaersteis wrclese Mire 339

EA Ge Sie eled telat vetetatalatelis cet 339
[CNN Gononsdcoonronace 205

VME CS lo teode nets teseyode oeytokepaleveyaiie 905
Symamphoteraen i= «elias ore 931

PAGE

Synamphotera bicolor....-....... 231
SMG iy Aside detetetatetetetete ds Teearete tte tetete eter 254
GOTSATISS oiiicsicis meee oitnerets 254

OM Gamercteins cache eee errs 254
Synechestnclercetysuierietareierereits 251, 346
albonotatuse-s- selene 252

GMBH UTS! eye Cicree's ereye here ttotencee 253

Baya TNS oye p-rsl oNelevefoeleteilates sears 252
lonsipennisy:,q-cilele ein 346
WBilieMoaomoacdac hc ooodoad 253
quadrangularis ............ 253

MDE OODoOtO SUOC ONDE OC booed 253
Simplexerree see eels 254
HHOTACICUS: sie ciocicuteteer toler 954
Tachydromia --.--..-.7e.«05- 224, 342
BES eteiedeicucveherstesovorencroseenchsietons 926

DTA ALIS. seyets eae. stereo amvon otter 343

GEN Aiesicod os cob sudo 6asDbaT 229
COrtICdlISes.c:c.secs sce rnatetoniee 343
QNECALOM sa) reeetate 226
fENEStLATD «0.6 4:6,0%, « deve sieeionte 228

MINUTS bse teeueistekst is lotr aie eta eroietiets 996
maculipennis » «++ .-+00.-+. 228
MUDIFETA ates pocss aye eretsuceretomtens 342
porteecola =~ =. 4.5). -s6 6-5-5: 297
POSHICA..- 6 eee e cree eee Q07
pusilla -..-.....-s.see sees 999

TAPAX eee eee ree eee eee eee 929
MOGIHEh cagecopounareonadnod 299
Sohiwarziiaevecriecectetiateels 225
SIMMS) areiey= spoons eeder sy tee eerelerete 228
VitbipeMNis 2) =. «ce mee «220
\WAhlitsinigoes ooaec: coco dec 207

a ee ee eS

8 =

Sate

“cc

AMERICAN DIPTERA. 367

ERRATA.
Page 195, line 2, for Dipteron, read dipterous.
198, “ 5, “ anal canal, read anal cell.
200, ‘15, “ serial, read aerial.
201, “12, “ erobatica, read aerobuatica.

205, Stilpon pectiniger, line 5, fourth word, read asymmetrical.

209, line 2, for niger read nigra.

218, Drapetis gilvipes, reference should read Cent. x, 61.

232, Litanomyia elongata, line 9, second word, read parallel.

233, line 6, fifth word, read acrostichals.

233, Oreothalia pelops, size should read 3 mm.

245, Clinocera maculipes, reference should include p. 118.

246, last line of table, for triples read triplex.

247, Hybos mellipes, reference should include p. 373.

24 ee line 6, third word, read cinerascent.

250, line 7, for Scelobates, read Scelolabes.

256, Oedalea ohioensis, line 6, for prealer, read prealar.

281, Lamprempis diaphorina and benigna, references should read, Biol. C-Am.,

Dipt., 1887, p. 215.

284, line 7, third word, read account.

284, second half of first division of table should go to No. 21.

288, division 66, second part, read aerobatica.

290, read Empis atrifemur.

292, Empis pegasus, for Suppl . read 1887.

335, third line of table, seventh word, read three-fourths.

339, line 6, read pectiniger.

342, line 13, third word, read infallibility.

350, table of Empis, second line, second word, for ot read or.
" ip eS third line, dele , after mm.

351, line 7, last word, read evanescent.

TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XXVIII. OCTOBER, 1902.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXVIII.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soe., Vol. XXVIII.

lells WA

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXVIII. leak SUE,

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. XXVIII. jl, WAUUE

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XX VIII. Jel, IO:S,

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VOL. XVII. APR, LOL0: Noid.

THE GENUS TACHYDROMIA.1
By A. L. MELANDER, PULLMAN, WaAsH.

Concerning the application of the generic names Coryneta, Tachy-
dromia, Platypalpus, Tachypeza and Tachista of the family Empididae
there is much confusion. In his early paper, the Nouvelle classifica-
tion des mouches 4 deux ailes, bearing the date 1800, Meigen gives his
forty-fourth genus the name Coryneta, describing it as follows. ‘‘An-
tennes 4 deux articulations: la premiére petite, hérissée de poils; la
seconde conique, terminée par un poil barbu. "Trompe perpendicu-
laire. Cuisses des jambes du milieu enflées. Le tibia armé a |’ex-
trémité d’un piquant. Les ailes croisées.”’

No species of the genus are mentioned by name, but Meigen states
that he has recognized three species. In 1803 in his revision of this
paper in Illiger’s Magazine, Meigen gave the name Tachydromia to
the fifty-second genus, mentioning however this time two species,
cursitans Fabricius and cimicoides Fabricius. His diagnosis of
Tachydromia is as follows. “Die Fihlerhérner vorgestrekkt, zwei-
gliederig: das erste Glied becherférmig; das zweite kegel-formig in
eine Borste auslaufend. Der Riissel senk-recht. Schenkel der
Mittelfiisse dikk, stachlig. Die Fliigel flach parallel.”

It will be noted that the two descriptions read much alike, which is
why Bezzi (in lit.) and Hendel? have concluded that both refer to the
same genus, and that therefore the older name Coryneta should be
given preference. ‘The Nouvelle Classification has been an extremely
rare paper. But three copies are known to exist, one at the Academy
of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, a second owned by Professor Hey-
den, and another belonging to the late Osten Sacken, and now in the
possession of Dr. Hendel. Because of the obscureness of this early
paper of Meigen it has been neglected by all writers. Its names are
not given in the nomenclators, and even Meigen himself ignored its

1 Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of the State College of Washington.
2 Verhandl. k. k, zool.-bot. Gesellsch,, Wien. 1908. pp. 43-69.

41

42 Psyche [April

existence in his later works, as if ashamed of the curious meaningless
names of his first publication. The diagnoses are brief, general and
ambiguous, and, since no species are mentioned the identity of the
genera would have remained mostly unknown, were it not that some of
the early descriptions bear a similarity to the corresponding ones of the
later paper. In nearly all cases however the generic names of 1800
are entirely different from those Meigen later used. ‘The genera of
Meigen’s second contribution are well known, as for most of them
typical species were cited at the beginning, and their names have been
in constant usage for our commonest flies for more than a century.
Even by this method of comparison and elimination many of the 1800
genera will never be understood.

This early publication of Meigen remained entirely ignored until
Dr. F. Hendel republished it entirely in the Verhandlungen of the
Wiener Gesellschaft. If we were to accept his guesses as to the identity
of these early genera we would overthrow such well-known names as
Ceratopogon, Odontomyia, Eristalis, etc., as well as the long established
type-genera of over a dozen families of diptera. But much of his
evidence is insecure. ‘The paper is worthless if not interpreted by
Meigen’s later works, the date of publication cannot be verified, there
is even doubt if the paper was distributed on the date it bears, and
nowhere are any species cited, so the genera are not true binomial
conceptions. ‘This last condition alone should not be followed too
closely, for many of Meigen’s genera of 1803 and 1804 were likewise
published without mention of species.

Naturally to exhume these forgotten names has stirred up much
discussion, and in the short interim since Hendel’s republishing, there
have been a score of opinions given out by various biologists. These
opinions are sometimes conflicting but in the main zoologists strongly
decry using the law of priority to bolster up such speciesless genera as
Meigen’s earliest. I shall give a list of the articles that have come to
my notice bearing directly or indirectly on the principle of whether or
not to adopt the newly disinterred genera. In this long parley the
concrete example of Meigen’s paper has been lost sight of by many
of the contributors, and merely the principle has been under discussion,
but nevertheless ‘the entire argument outlined below was caused by
the appearance of Hendel’s reprint. A short digest of the articles
will help to correlate the ideas advanced.

Professor Aldrich wrote in hopes of squelching Hendel’s paper, to

1910] Melander — The Genus Tachydromia 43

deter others from using the ancient names. Yet Kertész’ last volume
of the Catalogus Dipterorum hujusque descriptorum, volume v., 1909,
adopts the family name Omphralidae for the Scenopinidae; his
Catalogue of palaearctic diptera uses five of the early names in volume
il; while Czerny in a paper on Spanish Diptera! has discarded the
family names Scatophagidae and ‘Trypetidae, as he uses for them
Meigen’s earlier type genera Scopewma and Euribia, forming thereby
the family names Scopeumatidae and Euribiidae. However, Czerny
does not use Meigen’s early Cypsela to replace Borborus, as ‘was ad-
vocated in Hendel’s reprint.

Volume i of the palaearctic catalogue has dispensed with the
following well known genera on the plea of priority: Ephippium,
Oxycera, Odontomyia, Xylophagus, Haematopota, Subula and Leptis.
Surely the dipterist has a bewildering memory-lesson before him.

It is strongly to be urged in this period of nomenclatural unrest
that writers be not too hasty in adopting the suggestions of Dr. Hendel.
The trend of public opinion is that genera without species shall have
no place in our system of classification. In view of the projected action
of the Committee of the International Congress of Zoologists (see
number 23 below), it would be decidedly rash to rush into publications
the once-discarded names of 1800. It would be better to hold in
abeyance any personal desires for Meigen’s first names until the
Committee can rectify the Code on this question. Such conservatism
may prevent a premature overthrow of the names of our commonest
genera, and might spare our overburdened literature from most con-
fusing rearrangements of synonyms.

1. Nature, August 27, 1908, pp. 394-395.
A composite letter by British zoologists deploring the fact that a
strict adherence to rules sometimes brings unfortunate consequences.
2. N. Banks, Science, xxviii.
Advises others who have rare papers to republish them.
3. §. W. Williston, Manual, 3rd. edit. p. 390, 1908.
“Wendel would have deserved the thanks of a long suffering public
had he withheld these copies instead of republishing.”
4. M. Bezzi, Wiener entom. Zeit. xxvii. 252, Sept. 1908.
Comments on the adoption of the names of 1800 that come in vol. iii.
of Kertesz’ Catalogue of palearctic diptera, a course in which, naturally,
he approves.

1 Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch., Wien, vol. 59, 1909.

44

J

ee

10.

ine

13.

14.

Psyche {April

J. M. Aldrich, Canad. Ent. xl. 370-373. Oct. 1908.
Compares resurrecting the 1800 paper to finding some old grant to
Indian lands. Every possible objection should be made before accep-
ing them; a flawless case must be made out and the identification of
the older genera is full of flaws. ‘‘Let justice be done” exclaims
Hendel. To whom? Certainly not to Meigen by accepting this
paper.

J. M. Aldrich, Canad. Ent. xl. 482, Nov. 1908.
Quotes from Bezzi’s paper (number 4, above) in the Wiener entomo-
logische Zeitung. Hendel (number 9, below) says that the quotation
is mis-applied.

D. W. Coquillett, Canad. Ent. xl. 457, Dee. 1908.
Pleads for the adoption of the early names, citing rules from the code
to cover his argument. Does not believe in obstructing the progress
of nomenclature by discrediting Hendel’s find.

P. H. Verrall, British Flies, v. 772, 1909.
Meigen’s 1800 genera are not legally established. Does not concur
with Coquillett’s “‘aggravated” pleading (no. 7).

F. Hendel, Wiener entom. Zeit. xxviii. 33-36, Feb. 1909.
Discusses the comments in numbers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Stability of
nomenclature can be had only by a strict adherence to the law of
priority. Since Meigen described only genera, but gave the number
of species that he knew, and in the preface designated his work as a
prodromus of a later work designed to contain only the genera, he can
not be said to have carelessly neglected the principles of binary nomen-
clature. Hendel states that 39 of the Brachycera genera can be imme-
diately recognized from the descriptions alone. The future alone can
tell whether the majority of dipterists will decide for continuity or
for priority.

T. D. A. Cockerell, Science, xxix. 339, Feb. 26, 1909.
Calls for a postal vote of opinions about genera without species. ‘A
genus without species has no type, no content, and apparently has no
place in our systems of classification.”

J. M. Aldrich, Canad. Ent. xli. 103, March, 1909.
In a review of Verrall’s British Flies, Aldrich quotes the discovery
of certain Chicago historians that the annulment of one of the marriages
of King Henry VIII. was invalid, and that, consequently, King Edward
VII. is not King of England. This discovery is on a par with the
reasoning that Meigen’s earliest genera should claim priority.

T. D. A. Cockerell, Science, xxix. 813, May 21, 1909.
The result of the postal vote (number 10) shows the majority of voters
not in favor of resurrecting the names of speciesless genera.

A. A. Giraule, Science, xxix. 814, May 21, 1909.
A genus described without a species is non-existent. Its name has no
status until some definite type species has been designated.

J. A. Allen, Science, xxix. 935, June 11, 1909.
“Prior to 1810 hundreds of genera now in current use were proposed
solely on the basis of a diagnosis; although they were accepted and

1910] Melander — The Genus Tachydromia 45

have been in use from the date of their proposal, many of them were
without designated types for half a century.” ‘‘ Apparently each case
should be dealt with solely on its own merits.”

15. F.N. Balch, Science, xxix. 998, June 25, 1909.
In a paper, ““A Lawyer on the Nomenclature Question”? Mr. Balch
advocates an International Court with absolute power to settle every-
thing nomencelatorial. The priority rule was not intended to be the
superstition and incubus it has become. ‘‘ Questions of nomenclature
are of utterly insignificant importance so only that they be settled one
way or the other, quickly, definitely, and permanently.”

16. F. A. Bather, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv. 37-42, July, 1909.
In an article ““Some Common Crinoid Names and the Fixation of
Nomenclature,’ Dr. Bather advocates the establishment of a court of
nomenclature.

17. Wm. H. Dall, Science, xxx. 149, July 30, 1909.
Most questions of nomenclature can be answered by a serious study of
the Code. For the few other cases he advocates giving the Committee
power of decision.

18. A. N. Caudell, Science, xxx. 210, August 13, 1909.
“How can we get a type for a genus where there were no species origi-
nally included?”

19. F. A. Bather, Science, xxx. 341, Sept. 10, 1909.
Advocates a Court for the two eases, first, where the application of the
Code is obscure, and second, where its application is clear, but the
consequences at the same time would be exceedingly unfortunate.

20. J. A. Allen, Science, xxx. 365, Sept. 17, 1909.
“The only point is whether they are good genera or bad genera — in
other words whether they are identifiable or unidentifiable from the
basis furnished by the original founder.”

21. J. Dwight, Jr. Science, xxx. 526, Oct. 15, 1909.
“Zoological nomenclature to-day seems to be little more than an
intricate game of names, fascinating sport for its faithful devotees,
but an intolerable nuisance for the uninitiated many.” “Priority is
rather a bog from which the nomenclatorial muck-rakers exhume the
fossil remains of a past age.”” ‘“‘It is not justice for the dead zoologist
that we need so much as justice for the living, and even now the dead
get no recognition if they violate the rules of a game unknown in their
day.”

22. A.S. Hitcheock, Science, xxx. 597, Oct. 29, 1909.
Believes it impractical for a committee to prepare a list of names that
will be stable, because of the changing state of biological knowledge.

23. J. A. Allen, Science, xxx. 596, October 29, 1909.
Proposes the following recommendation for the International Com-
mittee. ‘A generic name proposed without mention of any described
species is invalid unless it is accompanied by a diagnosis of such a
character as to indicate that it is based on a previously known species,
or group of species, that can be unequivocally identified as the basis
of the diagnosis.”

46 Psyche [April

Therefore, instead of worrying over just which of the genera can be
identified, it will be vastly better for the present to ignore entirely the
Nouvelle Classification. It is absurd rigidly to apply modern rules
of nomenclature to the works of the early writers, when as in this
instance no good can be subserved, and a most confusing and ‘‘com-
plete revolution in dipterological nomenclature” would result, a
condition that Dr. Hendel seems eagerly to have hoped for. It is
commendable to make use of the law of priority when stability and
permanence will be guaranteed, but in the present case it is too risky
to accept Dr. Hendel’s views and make the wholesale changes he has
suggested. Dr. Stiles has remarked that “neither the commission nor
the congress has any power to force zoologists and others to accept
the International Rules.’ I believe that my dipterist fellow workers
should feel that one such occasion confronts them, if rules are to be
construed, or misconstrued, to bolster up the once-discarded names.

With this digression we may disregard the name Coryneta, and take
up the name Tachydromia. As just mentioned, Meigen assigned
Musca cursitans Fabricius and cimicoides Fabricius to his genus.
The first of these was an erroneous determination which was afterwards
named major by Zetterstedt. Cimicoides Fabricius is a synonym of
arrogans Linneus, but Meigen was confused in his identification here
too, as a part of the specimens he thought were cimicoides he afterward
described as connexa. Meigen had therefore three species before him,
of which two were undescribed, and the third had previously been
named arrogans by Linneus. Obviously, according to modern rulings,
the type of Tachydromia must be selected from these three, and as
arrogans was the only described species among Meigen’s material,
that species would probably be construed as the type. But neither
arrogans nor connexa has the middle femora enlarged, nor are their
middle tibiae spurred. Therefore they disagree with the only salient
point of the diagnosis. For that reason, according to our present
ideas, neither would have been selected as the type, and the honor of
serving as type of Tachydromia should have been bestowed on Meigen’s
cursitans (major Zett.). The old genus has been dismembered, the
separated genera have received their types, and our present ideals
have not been fulfilled, because of the everlasting blundering between
personal whims and priority laws.

Article 30 of the Code states: “If the original type of a genus was
not indicated, the author who first subdivides the genus may apply the

1910] Melander — The Genus Tachydromia A7

name of the original genus to such restricted genus or subgenus as may
be judged advisable, and such assignment is not subject to subsequent
change.” Dr. Stiles! has given a personal ruling further that “If an
author, in publishing a genus with more than one valid species, fails
to designate or to indicate its type, any subsequent author may select
the type, and such designation is not subject to change.” Although
this is a personal opinion its soundness is apparent. With these cita-
tions, we may take up the subsequent history of Meigen’s Tachy-
dromia.

Meigen’s early conception of the genus was the same as our present
idea of the subfamily Tachydromiinae, or even the combined sub-
families Tachydromiinae and Hemerodromiinae, and in this he was
followed by the earlier writers, such as Fallén. In 1822 in the third
volume of the Systematische Beschreibungen Meigen separated from
Tachydromia the genera Hemerodromia and Drapetis. ‘The remaining
Tachydromias he grouped into two divisions, A and B, with his
cimicoides in A. and his cursitans in B, but still retaining all in the
genus Tachydromia. Macquart in 1827 bestowed the name Platy-
palpus on division B which was the larger group, keeping the name
Tachydromia for the first group, but Meigen not knowing this renamed
the first division Tachypeza, to retain the original name for the larger
division. This change was published in 1830, and later he refused to
adopt Macquart’s name because he thought his own ideas were better.

In a paper in the Zeitschrift fuer Entomologie, published in Breslau
in 1863 Loew discussed the question at length and following Meigen
discarded the name Platypalpus because it is a poorly formed com-
pound of Greek and Latin. For the larger group, or those species
related to cursitans, he retained the name Tachydromia. The re-
mainder of the genus he subdivided into Tachypeza, Tachista, Dysa-
letria, and Phoneutisca, bestowing the name Tachista on those species
grouped about cimicoides. The majority of the prominent European
dipterists have adopted this view principally out of deference to Meigen
and Loew.

The date of publication of the name Platypalpus is certain, and its
designation is unquestionable. We have therefore no recourse but to
accept it as a valid name. To this genus belongs the cwrsitans of
Meigen’s original Tachydromia. Eliminating this species, the czm-

-1 Bull. 24, Hygienic Laboratory, p. 27 (1905) Rule 10.

48 Psyche [April

coides of Meigen should be the type of the restricted Tachydromaa.
Coquillett however has designated connexa as the type, forgetting that
part of Meigen’s cimicoides belonged to Linnaeus’ early species arro-
gans. "This however will not invalidate the limitations of the restricted
Tachydromia, as arrogans and connexa are very closely related spe-
cies, certainly congeneric.

The status of the old genus Tachydromaa is therefore as follows.

Front and middle femora thickened: Division B. Meigen.
Platypalpus Macquart, Westwood, Blanchard, Walker, Schiner, Philippi,
Coquillett, Melander.
Tachydromia Meigen, Burmeister, Zetterstedt, Berendt, Scholtz, Bonsdorff,
Loew, Bigot, Mik, Strobl, Becker, Kertész, Bezzi, Frey.
Phoroxypha Rondani, Coquillett.

Front femora thickened: Division A. Meigen.
Anal cell: imiperteet 2. <(-)- Schein ei eees = = Tachypeza Meigen, Loew.
Anal cell completely wanting...........- Tachydromia Meigen, Coquillett.

Tachista Loew, Becker.

The type species of these genera are as follows:

Platypalpus. Type species cursitans Fabricius, indicated by Westwood in
1840. It is quite likely that Westwood had Meigen’s original cursitans
in view, in which ease the type should be major Zetterstedt.

Tachypeza. Type species nubila Meigen. Rondani in 1856 designated
nervosa Meigen as the type, and this is a synonym of nubila.

Tachydromia. Type species connera Meigen. As explained before Meigen
indicated two species, cursitans and cimicoides. As the type species should
be one of those originally listed by the describer elimination leaves cimi-
coides as the type, since Meigen’s cursitans belongs to the subsequently
erected genus Platypalpus. Meigen’s cimicoides included two species,
arrogans Linnaeus and the later deseribed connexa Meigen, the second of
which Mr. Coquillett has designated as the type.

During the last half century a number of other genera have been pro-
posed for new material rather than as constrictions of the older genus.
The relationships of these genera can be seen from the following
synopsis of the present subfamily Tachydromiinae. All the known
genera and sub-genera are included.

a ~ fe aie

1910] Melander — The Genus Tachydromia 49

Genera and Subgenera of the Tachydromna.

Thorax slender, humeri large, strongly constricted: palpi narrow: legs not
bristly: front femora thickest.
First basal cell much shorter than the second: black species.
Anal cell present: arista terminal............:.... Tachypeza Meigen.
Anal cell completely wanting.
Arista terminal or sub-terminal: marginal cell long.
Tachydromia Meigen.

Arista sub-dorsal: second vein abruptly recurved.
Phoneutisca Loew.

First basal cell longer than second; outer angle only of anal cell present:

VC IOWASIDC CIES eae mae pare repress ais a cisiietolal are, elses ane a steels Dysaletria Loew

Thorax broad: humeri rarely large: legs hairy and usually with bristles:
palpi usually broad.
First basal cell shorter than second: eyes close together, especially below
the antennae.
Arista terminal.
Anal cell complete or incompletely formed.
Front and middle femora thickened: middle femora with a double
row of spines beneath: middle tibiae ending in a spur: eyes
Beparated:* palpr broad 6.05 6 Mewc. es oe Platypalpus Macquart.
Haste jomitn of tarsiemormaliei-1s cee oceans Platypalpus s. str.
Last joint of anterior tarsi greatly lengthened.
Cleptodromia Corti.
Femora not thickened: middle legs without spurs and with minute
or no spines: eyes contiguous: palpi small: basal cells subequal.
Symballophthalmus Becker.
Anal cell wholly wanting: posterior femora more or less thickened.
Drapetis Meigen.

Body robust, abdomen shorter than thorax: Wings broad, not

ciliate.
Third antennal joint short-oval................ Drapetis s. str.
Third antennal joint lanceolate.......... Elaphropeza Macquart.

Body more slender: abdomen longer than thorax: wings cuneiform:
Costa lena ciliate cng. Yeiiac dik die. sake Ctenodrapetis Bezzi.
Arista dorsal: front femora thickened.................. Stilpon Loew.
First basal cell equal to or longer than second: more or less opaque pollinose
species: eyes usually widely separated on the face.
Arista dorsal.
Wings less than one-third the abdomen....... Thinodromia Melander.
Wings surpassing the abdomen, anal cell faint. . .Halsanalotes Becker.
Arista terminal.
Antennae three-jointed: legs thick and bristly: eyes very small.
Coloboneura Melander.

Antennae two-jointed: legs but little thickened and with few bristles,

LACE ATO WTA TTA aerate tents Cie cdehee nts week Chersodromia Walker.

50 Pscyhe [April

Tachydromia sens. str.

Minute, slender flies of shining jet-black color and almost devoid
of hairs and bristles. Head globular, eyes large, with large facets,
in both sexes broadly contiguous on the face; front narrow, its sides
nearly parallel, and but slightly diverging toward the vertex; three
ocelli present; occiput broad, produced sub-conically at the neck and
provided with sparse short bristles. Antennae short, two-jointed, the
outer joint short rounded oval, with the long slender nearly bare
arista terminal or nearly so. Proboscis shorter than the head, rigid,
vertical: palpi applied against the proboscis and tipped with several
short bristles.

Thorax longer than broad, not greatly convex, not truncate in front
but considerably narrowed from the wings forward; humeri remarka-
bly enlarged and separated from the narrow central part of the meso-
notum by more or less deep furrows; a prealar lateral bristle on meso-
notum; scutellum normally with two pairs of short marginal bristles,
the basal pair microscopic, usually no other thoracic bristles or hairs
present. Hypopygium small, more or less globular, or triangular in
outline, terminal. Legs slender, the front femora somewhat thickened,
devoid of bristles, but with microscopic hairs, those of the under side
of the front tibiae serrately arranged, no spurs or conspicuous spines
present. Sometimes the male legs have small spines on the middle
femora or tibiae beneath. Wings narrow, costa ending at the fourth
vein and sometimes thickened beyond the insertion of the first vein,
hind margin of the wing short ciliate; no trace of an anal cell present.

Our known American species of T'achydromia divide nicely into two
groups. ‘The first of these includes slender species with elongate
wings and legs. ‘This group is typical of Tachydromza and is largely
represented in the palaearctic fauna. ‘The second group is more
aberrant. Our species will probably be separated ultimately from
Tachydromia as several genera, but for the present it would be quite
unwise to do so. It is unfortunate that the small size and difficulty
of capture of these species are responsible for their scarcity in collections.
Undoubtedly we know but a fraction of the forms the world over, and
until our collections are more complete we cannot hope to understand
the relationships of these interesting little flies.

The typical T'achydromias are shining black, nearly bristleless flies
and have a dark band, or two dark bands, across the wings. ‘The

1910] Melander — The Genus Tachydromia 51

arista is terminal and the palpi are long and narrow. ‘The front of the
head is very narrow, its sides almost parallel. The emargination of
the eyes at the level of the antennae is less deep, and all the facets
are of nearly uniform size. ‘The pectus is pruinose, the coating extend-
ing backwards to form a conspicuous glistening white spot over the
front coxae and under the humeri. ‘The hypopygium is also somewhat
smaller than with the other members of the genus. The first basal cell
is generally very long. It is to this group that arrogans and connexa
belong.

The species of the second group differ in having a shorter and broader
thorax, with the humeri not so pronounced. ‘They lack the pruinosity
above the front coxae. ‘The arista is subterminal and the palpi are
usually broader. ‘The front of the head is broader, with its sides
diverging above. ‘The eyes are more deeply emarginate, and the
lower facets are conspicuously larger than the upper. ‘The wings are
shorter in proportion to the body, and are not fasciate; the two basal
cells are more nearly equal in size, and the marginal cell is usually
shorter.

Although the genus separates into two definite groups whose char-
acters may seem to be of generic value, I hesitate about placing together
the species of group two as a restricted genus, for they appear to repre-
sent several phyletic lines. ‘The basic points of difference between
these species are the following:

1. simplicior. Wings as in Drapetis: palpi narrow: thorax glistening,
devoid of bristles: humeri prominent.

2. maculipennis, calva. Palpi narrow: thorax narrow, glistening black,
devoid of bristles, humeri prominent.

3. tnsularis. Thorax shorter, somewhat glaucous, humeri smaller: palpi
long and narrow.

4. agens, universalis. Thorax somewhat glaucous, shorter, with bristles;
humeri smaller: palpi broader.

The table following is given for the determination of the American
species. Several other species have been referred to this genus by one
writer or another. ‘The accompanying notes will explain their status.

Tachydromia lata Coquillett ' is omitted from the tables as it probably
is a Drapetis. Since the description states that the mesonotum is
broader than long, the legs are provided with bristles and the first

1 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V. p. 266 (1903).

a2, Psyche [April

basal cell is much shorter than the second it is evident that the species
is not a Tachydromia. Mr. Coquillett separates Tachista (or Tachy-
dromia as here given) from Drapetis in his analytic key only by the
comparative thickness of the front femora, an elusive characteristic.

Tachydromia nubifera Coquillett ! has been referred by its author °
to the genus Coloboneura, a genus which has very bristly legs. I am
unable to corroborate this from his description alone. ‘The shortened
second basal cell of nubifera excludes the species from Tachydromia,
but the subopaque pruinosity and colored wings are at variance with
the typical species of Coloboneura.

Mr. Coquillett has assigned Drapetis flavida Williston to Tachista *
While the male is unusually slender for a typical Drapetis this species
lacks the constricted swollen humeri of the Tachydromia group and
moreover the legs are pubescent and provided with bristles and both
the marginal and the first basal cells are short as in Drapetis. ‘The
species can with all propriety be located in Bezzi’s recent subgenus
Ctenodropetis. It may be here noted that the description of Tachy-
dromia bacis Walker described from Jamaica tallies with this species.
As Mr. Walker’s description is unusually complete, mentioning even
the bristles of the legs, it is reasonably certain that both species are the
same. I have specimens from Yucatan, Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Cuba
and Hayti. Mr. Coquillett reports it from Porto Rico, and Dr.
Williston’s specimens came from St. Vincent. It is evidently a com-
mon species within its geographic range. There is an ancient and
brief description of Tachydromia abdominalis Wiedemann‘ from
China that also applies to our specimens. Ctenodrapetis ciliatocosta
Bezzi*® from Australia is also quite similar, but is somewhat smaller.
Possibly there is but one widely distributed form. I take it that
abdominalis is a Ctenodrapetis rather than a Platypalpus as the abdomen
is des¢ribed as lusterless. In almost all the species of Platypalpus
the abdomen is shining.

Mr. Coquillett ® thinks that Phoneutisca bimaculata Loew is a
synonym of maculipennis Walker which was described from Hudson

1 Dipt. Commander Isl. p. 343 (1898).

2 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash V. p. 265 (1903).

3 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXII. p. 251 (1900).
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V. p. 265, note. (1903.)

4 Auss. zweifl. Ins. II. 12 (1829).

5 Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. II. p. 355 (1904).

6 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V. p. 266 (1903).

1910] Melander — The Genus Tachydromia 53

Bay Territory. I do not think this is so. Bimaculata is a much
smaller species with white palpi, and is rare. The only specimen |
have seen is the type from Alaska. I take it however that maculi-
pennis is the same as our common pusilla Loew. I have examined
over fifty specimens of this species from Massachusetts, Wisconsin,
Illinois, Missouri, and South Dakota. Since it is so widely distrib-
uted in the States it probably occurs in Canada also. The rest of Mr.
Walker’s Tachydromias I can not decipher. They may belong to
Tachypeza or to the present genus. Osten Sacken listed vicarius as a
Platypalpus. ‘The two-line description reads that the legs are slender
which raises more doubt as to what the species really is.

Table of the North American Species of Tachydromia.

1. A white glistening pruinose spot between the front coxae and the humeri,
rarely absent: wings with two dark bands: the distance between the
two cross veins more than twice the length of the hind cross vein:
EVEISU A COMMIT Mes chee ch fer oi ciber Sicile lay c¥ol Vsvsiis, abahs ana S chay’s andes se eoiledatcortal a's! eee elie De

No glistening spot on the pleurae: wings with a single brownish subapical
cloud or hyaline; cross veins separated scarcely more than the length
of the hind)icross' vein: arista ‘subterminal... 2.0.6 00 2.0050. 5 2 2 6.

2. Palpi and halteres black: marginal cell obliquely truncate
enecator Melander.

Palpi and halteres paler: marginal cell rounded at theend.......... 3.

3. Dark cross bands united along the costa........ varipennis Coquillett.
Merk eros Walls SCPARALEM a c's acid < a vies keane 4 heme we oe msl ela ee 4.

4. Wings blunt, fringed with comparatively long hairs: propleurae not
TESUTHEINOE SY ey a oh es eR ae iP in Ea ate ciliata sp. nov.
Wings slender, the marginal hairs short: propleurae pruinose........5.

a. lhege ‘nearly uniformly dusky... 2... 25 62 as een schwarzii Coquillett.

Base of legs pale yellow, outer portions in part black.
schwarzii var. diversipes. var. nov.
6. Palpi black: wings with a broad subapical cloud.
maculipennis Walker.

Palot yellowish: wines unclouded «55.2.0. onc ak yeni eee eee ee Gs
7. Thorax shining, humeri prominent: palpi narrow..................8.
Thorax and abdomen sub-glaucous, humeri smaller................ 9.
8. Third and fourth veins divergent...... simplicior Wheeler & Melander.
Third and fourth vems subparallel.. 0... oe ees calva sp. noy.

9. Palpi long and narrow: scutellum with four bristles: antennae reddish.
insularis sp. nov.

Palpi broader: scutellum with two bristles. .... 0.05.60. eee eee eee 10.
10. Acrostichal and dorsocentral bristles present: legs slender piceous,
DIMUCTIM DE AD LAC Keema yetey ny hae eter hyena as oF SyalbLaeiieue: uacetel ones? agens sp. nov.

Middle of dorsum without bristles: base of legs and of antennae yellow,
Haste bats | OUMOBEl or, a whale so cians ged 4's, aleie:$ eeyae a. universalis sp. nov.

54 Psyche [April

Tachydromia enecator Melander.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxvili, 226, 9 (1902).

Length 34mm. Totally jet black, shining, except that the knees narrowly
and the metatarsi are piceous, the palpi, antennae and halteres are dull black,
and the hinder occiput, pectus, metanotum, a narrow vertical stripe on the
metapleurae, front coxae, and underside of the front femora are provided with
a light pruinose coating. Outer antennal joint elliptical, arista terminal.
Humeral swellings of mesonotum large and well marked: no bristles on dise
of mesonotum, scutellum with four minute bristles. The @ abdomen
depressed, less shining apically, the hypopygium small, terminal, somewhat
triangular in outline, it and the last ventral segment provided with short
blackish hairs. Wings with two dark cross bands, the second vein appendic-
ulate in the known specimens.

But five specimens are known of this species. The two cotypes,
both females, are from Quebec and Wyoming. ‘They are now located
in the Wheeler collection at the American Museum of Natural History,
New York City. I have a male and two females, collected by my
former student, E. L. Jenne, at Douglas, Alaska, August 2, 1901.
This is our largest species.

Tachydromia schwarzii Coquillett.

Coquillett, Proc. U. 8. N. Mus. xviii. 440 (1895).
Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. xxviii. 225, fig. 52 (1902).

Length 2.5 mm. Shining black, the legs yellowish. Occiput and pro-
pleurae pruinose. Antennae fuscous to black, the outer joint rounded, the
terminal arista about four times the length of the antenna. Facets of the eyes
nearly untform, front narrow. Palpi glistening white to dirty white, elongate
and slender. Mesonotal dise shining, bristleless, scutellum with four short
bristles. Hypopygium moderate, rounded, its curved slender appendages
sometimes exserted. Legs including the coxae dusky yellow, the hind legs
darkest, the tibiae and tarsi more or less infuscated. Halteres pale yellow.
Wings slender, rather pointed, crossed by two broad brownish fasciae, leaving
the base, middle and tip hyaline; the marginal cilia normally short.

This is a common insect in the West. During the entire summer it
hurries about in quick little zig-zag runs in search of its small victims,
curiously probing among grass, stones, sidewalks, houses, in fact it
can be found almost everywhere in this region. I have seen hundreds
of living specimens, and have examined nearly a hundred mounted
individuals from Moscow, Idaho, and Pullman and Wenatchee, Wash-
ington. ‘The types came from California and Utah. They are
numbered 3246 and 3247 in the National Museum collection.

eS

1910] Melander — The Genus Tachydromia 55

In structure, venation, and general appearance this species resem-
bles annulimana Meigen, of the European fauna; which however has
striped femora, incrassate front tibiae, an erect hypopygium, some
dorsocentral bristles in front of the scutellum, and moreover lacks the
white pruinose spots beneath the humeri.

Tachydromia schwarzii var. diversipes var. nov.

Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. xxviii. 225 (1902). T. schwarzi, var.

Male. Similar to schwarzti in all structural characters, but differing in
coloration. The base of the legs is lighter, the outer portions blacker than in
typical form, thus making a greater contrast in color. The coxae, trochanters,
base of all the femora, the basal two-thirds of the front tibiae, and the tarsi
except the tip almost white in color. The outer third of the front tibiae is
abruptly black; the four posterior tibiae, except the knees, and the hind
femora except the base, black. The palpi are blackish. The cross-bands of
the wings are lead-gray, and are darker than is usually the case with schwarzit,
where they generally have a brownish tinge.

Two males which I captured at Dry Creek, near Austin, Texas,
April 20, 1901. The specimens were running over rather large stones
in this moist ravine at the base of Mount Barker.

Tachydromia ciliata sp. nov.

Wheeler and Melander, Biologia Cent. Am., Dipt. Suppl. 375 (1901)
schwarz.

Female. Length about 2mm. Quite similar to schwarzti in general appear-
ance, but differing in the structure of the wings. Shining black, legs clear
yellow except the infuscated outer two-thirds of the hind femora and tibiae.
Antennae yellow; as they are defective nothing can be stated about the
arista. Front narrow, facets of the eyes uniform. Palpi whitish. Occiput
and thorax shining black, the propleurae not pruinose: humeri large and
deeply constricted: the inner pair of scutellar bristles moderately long. First
ventral segment white or whitish. Halteres yellow. Wings comparatively
short and broad, blunt at the end, and margined with a conspicuous fringe
of hairs which are prominent even on the costa; two brown cross-bands are
present as in schwarzti, but because of the shortened wings the outer fascia
appears less extensive; the third and fourth veins more distant from each
other and continuing to the wing-tip without converging (in schwarzii they
lie closer together and converge towards the tip).

I have two specimens before me from Guerrero, Mexico, one taken at
Chilpancingo, at 4600 feet altitude, the other labeled Sierra de las
Aguas Escondidas, 9500 feet. ‘There are some minor differences
between the two specimens. ‘The former measures 1.75 mm. and has

56 Psyche [April

the outer cross-band ‘nearly as in typical schwarz. The latter
individual measures fully two mm. The base of its wings is less
hyaline, but otherwise the wings are as described. The first ventral
segment of the abdomen is only dusky, not white. The third specimen
mentioned in the Biologia is in the Wheeler collection at the American
Museum. ‘This species corresponds to eacisa Loew of the European
fauna.

Tachydromia varipennis Coquillett.

Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v. 266 (1903).
Slosson, Ent. News, xiv. 266 (1903) habits.

Length 2mm. Shining black, pro- and metapleurae pruinose, coxae, base
of femora and proximal part of tarsifuscous. Outer antennal joint short ovate,
the terminal arista three times the length of the antenna. Palpi whitish.
Humeri constricted from the central part of the thorax by an evident groove;
no bristles on dise of notum, seutellar bristles minute. Hypopygium minute,
terminal, without conspicuous hairs. Halteres white. Wings infumated,
the base, tip and a transverse streak in the middle, but not including the mar-
ginal and submarginal cells hyaline.

I have four specimens from the type lot, received from Mrs. Annie
Trumbull Slosson. ‘They were taken in the White Mountains at
Franconia, New Hampshire. ‘The type is in the National Museum,
number 6774. It is this species that is mentioned in Aldrich’s Cata-
logue, page 314 under schwarzii, as occurring in New Hampshire.

In her article, Hunting Empids, in the October issue of the Ento-
mological News for 1908, Mrs. Slosson gives the following notes on the
habits of this fly. ‘About the first of July I always find here a pretty
little creature running rapidly over wet stones at the margin of streams.
It is a tiny fly with gray wings variegated with black, and its habits
are odd and interesting. ‘Though its wings are fully formed and quite
capable of flight, it very rarely uses them. When pursued by the
collector it runs swiftly like an ant on and around the stone, and will
continue this elusive performance for many minutes, though by spread-
ing its pretty wings it could at once escape capture. Only in desperate
extremity, as a very last resort, will it sometimes take flight and rest
upon another near-by stone. For a long time I found them very
difficult to catch. But at last I discovered that by seizing the stone
on which one was running and dropping it quickly into my net I had
the little fellow safe and sound.”

ey

1910] Melander — The Genus Tachydromia 57

Tachydromia maculipennis Walker.

Walker, List Dipt. Ins. ‘n Coll. Brit. Mus., iii. 507 (1849).

Loew, Cent. v., 74 (1863) Tachypeza pusilla 9°.

Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. xxviii. 228; and 229, f. 51 (pusilla); and 204,
f.1. (Phoneutisca bimaculata, Dakota specimens) (1902).

Coquillett, Proce. Ent. Soc. Wash. v. 266 (1903) Phon. bimaculata.

Aldrich, Catalog N. Am. Dipt., 310 (1905), Phon. bimaculata.

Length 2mm. Shining black, antennae, palpi, proboscis and halteres also
black, no pruinose spots on thorax. Outer joint of antennae short-conical,
the arista two times the length of the antenna, almost terminal. Humeral
swellings prominent, well constricted from the central portion of the thorax;
no notal bristles; scutellum with four marginal bristles, the outer pair short.
Hypopygium swollen, black hairy, the last ventral segment with a conspicuous
fringe of black bristles. Legs largely blackish, the coxae, trochanters, and
base of the femora paler; front tibiae and tarsi more or less yellowish; the
last two tarsal joints black. Halteres whitish. Wings with a brownish cloud
filling the submarginal and first posterior cells; the two cross veins approxi-
mate.

The type of this species, now in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, was collected by LeBaron in
Illinois. Ihave specimens before me from Chicago, Illinois, Milwaukee,
Wisconsin, Atherton, Missouri (C. F. Adams) and Brookings, South
Dakota (J. M. Aldrich). Dr. Hough has taken the species at New
Bedford, Massachusetts. Mr. C. W. Johnson records pusilla from
New Jersey in Smith’s Catalog. The synonymy of this species is
discussed in the introduction anted, page 52.

Tachydromia simplicior Wheeler and Melander.

Wh. and Mel., Biologis: Cent. Am., Dipt. Suppl. 375 (1901) Phoneutisca.
Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. xxviii. 205, f. 6. (1902) Phoneutisca.

Length 1.5mm. _ Body shining black, legs entirely yellow. Antennae short,
the outer joint minute, smaller than the basal joint, the arista sub-dorsal.
Palpi pure white, moderately broad. No bristles on mesonotal dise; scutel-
lum with a pair of well separated marginal bristles; humeri well constricted
and prominent; the sides of the thorax are very lightly pruinose, but there
is no pruinose spot above the front coxae. Abdomen depressed, brownish
hairy, the hypopygium small, terminal. Legs including the coxae yellow.
the hind femora a little infuseated apically. Halteres yellow. Wings nearly
hyaline, a very faint darker streak passes longitudinally through the middle
of the wing; marginal cell short, submarginal cell full, third and fourth veins
divergent.

58 Psyche [April

A single male collected by Mr. H. H. Smith at Vera Cruz, January,
1888, from the Wheeler collection of the American Museum of Natural
History. This specimen very likely belongs with the type female,
which was collected in Chilpancingo in Guerrero. ‘The two locations
are on opposite sides of Mexico. The specimen is glued on a card
and is not in the best of condition for description. ‘The type has the
third vein nearly straight. Here it is rounded in an even curve diverg-
ing from the fourth. This specimen has less of the purplish and
bronze tinge to the body.

The definition characters of Phoneutisca led us to place this species
in that genus. An examination of the true Phoneutisca bimaculata
in the Museum of Comparative Zoology showed it to be quite a differ-
ent insect than was supposed. The abruptness of the marginal cell
in Phoneutisca is very striking.

Tachydromia calva sp. nov.

Shining black above, paler beneath, outer half of femora blackish. An-
tennae black, palpi slender, whitish, dorsum without evident bristles; wings
lightly infumated, third and fourth veins sub-parallel.

Female. Front jet black, triangular; ocelli prominent, occiput with sparse
short black hairs; eyes deeply and broadly emarginate at antennae, face
obliterated by the contiguity of the eyes, facets nearly uniform. Antennae
short black, last joint not as long as broad and smaller than basal joint, the
arista subterminal, finely and closely pubescent, nearly five times the length
of the antenna. Palpi narrowly elongate, whitish yellow: proboscis very
small, black.

Thorax shining black, the humeri large, so that the thorax is nearly quadrate,
a few microscopic dorsal bristles only, a single bristle in front of the wings,
scutellum with a pair of short bristles, the scutellum very lightly dusted.
Abdomen pitchy black, sub-shining. Coxae, trochanters, basal half of femora
and the tibiae yellow, outer half of femora blackened, tarsi a little dusky;
front femora somewhat thickened. Halteres yellow. Wings narrow, nearly
hyaline, lightly infumated especially noticeable at tip of first vein, marginal
cell long, third and fourth veins parallel.

Described from a single female, presumably collected by Mr. G. R.
Pilate as it bears the label, Tifton, Georgia, Sept. 25, 1896. The
specimen was presented to me by Dr. G. deN. Hough. It measures
one millimeter in length.

Tachydromia insularis sp. nov.

Male. Length 1.1 mm. Head and thorax pruinose; legs testaceous;
wings clear hyaline; antennae reddish at base; palpi elongate, reddish;

1901] Melander — The Genus Tachydromia 59

scutellum with four black bristles; acrostichal and dorsocentral bristles
microscopic; hypopygium large, flexed to the right.

Front narrowly V-shaped, cinereous; ocelli large, ocellar bristles present,
black; first antennal joint testaceous, the outer joint fuscous, pubescent,
arista subterminal, pubescent, four times the length of the antenna. Eyes
completely contiguous on the face, facets uniform. Palpi twice as long as
broad, sericeous, testaceous. Proboscis slender, vertical, piceous, one-half
the height of the head. Occiput and entire thorax rather lightly covered with
cinereous pollen; humeri comparatively small and not so deeply constricted
as in the other species; the usual black bristles present along the sides of the
notum; scutellum with two long decussating and two short bristles; acro-
stichal and dorsocentral rows of minute whitish bristles present, with about
six bristles to each row, the last dorsocentral large; no pleural hairs. Ab-
domen brown-black, sub-shining, last segments black hairy; hypopygium
large, globular, flexed to the right. Coxae shining yellowish, legs yellowish,
femora dusky on the outer half, legs provided with short white bristly hairs,
middle tibiae with series of minute black setulae beneath, front femora much
thicker than the others. Halteres dusky. Wings clear hyaline, veins strong,
hind margin ciliate; first posterior cell ending at wing tip, and there somewhat
contracted, marginal cell a little longer than the submarginal along the costa.

Described from a single specimen labeled, Grenada, W. I., received

from Prof. J. M. Aldrich.

Tachydromia agens sp. nov.

Male and female. Length 1.3 mm. Head and thorax pruinose, legs dark
fuscous, wings clear hyaline; antennae blackish; palpi sub-quadrate, pale;
acrostichal and dorsocentral bristles conspicuous, scutellum with four white
bristles; hypopygium terminal.

Front broad above, narrow and sub-parallel below, cinereous; ocelli small,
ocellar bristles small; occiput lightly pollinose, its cilia white and conspicuous;
antennae small, black, the basal joint blackish, arista almost terminal, short,
although four times the length of the antenna, microscopically pubescent.
Eyes completely contiguous on the face, deeply but narrowly excised at the
antennae, facets nearly uniform, those below larger. Palpi of male yellowish,
one-half longer than broad, with three long terminal white hairs, in the female
the palpi are dusky but with a white sheen. Proboscis black, no longer than
the palpi, projecting somewhat forward.

Thorax cinereous pollinose, humeri round, not quite as broad as the inter-
humeral space, the furrow not deep except behind; all the thoracic bristles
white, the acrostichal and dorsocentral rows well developed, the lateral bristles
comparatively short, about a dozen in front of the wings: scutellum with two
long and two short white bristles; no pleural bristles. Abdomen sub-shining
olivaceous black, with sparse stubby whitish hairs, the lateral margins of the
intermediate segments with the round black pits characteristic of Coloboneura,
Parathalassius, ete. Hypopygium closed, terminal, elongate. Coxae shining,

60 Psyche [April

posterior ones piceous, front coxae fuscous and with white hairs; legs dark
fuscous, with whitish pubescence, middle tibiae setulose beneath, front
femora somewhat the thickest, reddish beneath. Halteres yellowish; tegulae
with a few white cilia. Wings clear hyaline, veins strong, hind margin short
ciliate, marginal cell long, third and fourth veins parallel.

Type male collected on a windowpane July 3, 1906, in my house at
Pullman, Washington. ‘Type female taken in a wheat field nine miles
west of Baird, Washington, June 23, 1908. ‘This species was noticed
actively running about the ground and stalks in wheat fields in several
places in Central Washington. I have also five mounted paratypes
which I collected at Lynden, Baird, and Pullman, all in Washington
State.

Tachydromia universalis sp. nov.

Black, sparsely and lightly dusted; wings nearly uniformly hyaline; arista
subterminal, the basal antennal joint red; palpi broad, white; legs reddish,
variegated with brown; halteres yellow.

Male and female. Length 1.75 mm. Black, shining, lightly dusted with
a gray pruinosity, which is more conspicuous on the pleurae, propleurae not
glistening white. Antennae short, the two joints about equal in length, the
basal joint red, the outer joint blackened, rounded oval, with a subterminal
arista which is two and one-half times the length of the antenna. Front
broad, its sides diverging above, the ocelli widely spaced. Upper facets
minute, the lower ones larger. Palpi conspicuous, pendant, broad, white,
with white hairs: proboscis black in the male, blackish in the females. Thorax
comparatively broad, the humeri rather large but not long, the grooves rather
distinct; acrostichals wanting, only a couple of weak dorsocentrals present
near the scutellum; scutellum pruinose, and with two short bristles. Abdo-
men depressed, shining jet black, but overlaid with a light coating of gray
dust: hypopygium large, shining, provided with a stout curved end-process
which projects to the right; sides of the abdominal segments with minute
muscle-attachment pits, as in agens. Legs reddish yellow, the upper side of
the hind femora, the ends of the tibiae and the last tarsal joint darker; front
femora thickened, hind femora scarcely reaching the last third of the abdomen.
Halteres yellow. Wings rather broad, hyaline, but with a faint smokiness
following the veins; veins strong, dark, but becoming yellowish at the base
of the wing; marginal cilia minute; hind cross vein making an acute angle at
the lower corner of the second basal cell.

Described from five specimens collected in the following widely
separated localities: Chester County, Pennsylvania, June, 1902 GQ
Bradley), Algonquin, Illinois, July 17, 1896 (Dr. Wm. Nason), and
Austin, Texas.

1910] Melander — The Genus Tachydromia 61

This species is related to agens as is evident from the shortened
broad thorax with the humeri less pronounced than in typical 'Tachy-
dromias, the broad palpi, the widened front, subterminal arista, and
pruinosity of the body. However it is readily distinguishable by the
paler color of the legs, antennae, halteres and root of wing.

Catalogue of the Described Species of Tachydromia."

1. aemula Loew, Zeitschr. Entom. Bresl. X VII. 22 (1863)........ Eur. C.

fMRI CTUSE ST) ATV VEN S74 9.) a Sho sen ve (ore) ohofis, Moshe aga rnet vai aver harsh esate! aah a o'a)/5\" Wash.

3. aliterpicta Becker, Act. Soc. Fenn. X XVI. 32 (1900)......... Kur. S. C.
alteropicta Becker, Berl. Ent. Ztschr. XX XIII. 343. (1899).

*4. annulimana Meigen, Syst. Bes. III. 69 (1822)................ peer tau

albitarsis Zetterstedt, Dipt. Se. 1. 313 (1842).
arrogans Linnaeus, Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 546. var. d. (1838).
cimicoides Fabricius, Walker, Ins. Brit. I. 140 (1851).
umbrarum Haliday, Ent. Mag. I. 161 (1833).

ToL anrogansininnacus: shauna nsuecs Lon GLZGl)\ec ccc a2 elcl ee Eur.
bifasciata Rossi, Fauna Etr. Mant. II. 77 (1794).
cimicoides Fabricius, Spec. Ins. II. 447 (1781).

6. brevipennis v. Roser, Wuerttemb. Corresp. 1. 53 (1840)....... Kur. C.
? microptera Loew, Ztschr. Ent. Bresl. XVIT. 26 (1863).
77.) calconea Meigen, Syst. Bes: VIL 95. (1838) 2.1. sees as ee Eur. C.
longipennis Loew, Ztschr. Ent. Bresl. X VIT. 29 (1863).
cE SS MCL LINTES DENI O Vituioranc eicsye wick sure er a aWahsye (es logs) elsroie cuvintceRellolel siete) st okanc Georgia.
9. catalonica Strobl, Mem. R. Soe. Esp. IIT. 319 (1906).......... Eur. S.
var. striatipennis, Strobl. 1. c. 320.
ceil () RR CULAC OMS TO MAIO Veet ney ve ye\ ep ois cu cvee aoe cts ve lobaiseodcesnelel ot oysie)olnreietisyiarels 3 Mex.
Ti Conners. Meiwen, oyate ses. LIT. FO C1838) cc. si a2 ce nce evar a's.e aoa) Eur.

cimicoides Fabricius, Meigen, p. p. Klass. I. 239 (1804).
morio Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 546 (1838).
12. dichroa Bezzi, Jenaische Denkschr. XIII. 183 (1908).......... Afr. S.
*13. enecator Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XXVIII. 226 (1902)
Alask., Wyom., Quebec.

14. excisa Loew, Zeitschr. Ent. Bresl. X VII. 27 (1863)............ Eur. C.
15. incompleta Becker, Act. Soc. Fenn. XX VI. 33 (1901).......... Siberia.
SUGUEECTSILOTESMS Ds MOV etree s acter Siecle neveu edad sustonel nekeleesie)siel © aucllers she Grenada.
*17. «interrupta Loew, Zeits. Ent. Bresl. XVII. 19 (1863)........... Eur. S.

*18. maculipennis Walker, List. Dipt. Ins. III. 507 (1849) N. Am.
; pusilla Loew, Cent. V. 74 (1864).
bimaculata Loew, Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XXVIII. 204.

19. minima Becker, Act. Soc. Fenn. XX VI. 32 (1901)............ Siberia.
20. monserratensis Strobl, Mem. Soc. Esp. III. 318 (1906)......... Eur. S.
21. ?morio (Zetterstedt) Walker, Ins. Brit. I. 141 (1851)......... England.

1 Those species figured on the plate are marked with an asterisk.

Psyche [April

ornatipes Becker, Wien. Ent. Ztg. IV. 69 (1890).............. Tyrol.
punctifera Becker, Act. Soc. Fenn. X XVI. 32 (1901).......... Siberia.
sabulosa Meigen, Syst. Bes. VI. 342 (1830)............... Eur. N. C.

fenestrata Zetterstedt, Dipt. Se. I. 318 (1842).
schwarzii Coquillett, Proc. U. S. N. M. XVIII. 440 (1895). N. Am. W.

Val AIVETSUPES aval WOVErte tor tela cyete iets nie 1) cleo eects een mene Tex.
simplicior Wheeler and Melander, Biologia C. Am. Dipt. I. 375 (1901).
Mexico
styriaca Strobl, Mitth. Ver. Steierm. X XIX. 124 (1893).......... Alps.
var. semifasciata Strobl, 1. ¢. 125.
terricola Zetterstedt, Kon. Vet. Ak. Handl. 81 (1819)........ Eur. N. C.
tuberculata Loew, Zeitscbr. Ent. Bresl. X VIf. 19 (1863)........ Eur. C.
undulata Strobl, Mem. Soc. Esp. III. 317. (1906).......... Eur. 8S. E.
UNVVUCTSHAS SPs BOW. 6 5 68d Sec ken 20°./: « Ome aS ee ree US.
varipennis Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soe. Wash. V. 266 (1903)...... INSEE
vitripennis Bezzi, Jenaische Denkschr. XIII. 182 (1908)........ Afr. 8.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3.

The figures are drawn to practically the same scale of magnification, the
camera lucida being used. The enlargement is about twenty diameters.
As but four of the exotie species (connexa Meig., incompleta Beck., ornatipes
Beck., and punctifera Beck.) have been figured, I have included drawings of
the wings of those European species I possess.

Fig.

“

1. Tachydromia enecator Mel. Dorsal aspect of head and thorax.
Dy “ec agens, n. sp. “ce “cc “ec ce ce ce
a = maculipennis Walker. Lateral aspect of hypopygium.
4. ss enecator Mel. Wing.
5. as maculipennis Walk. Wing.
6. calcanea Meig. Determination by Strobl. Europe.
ts connexa Meig. Determination by Strobl. Europe.
8. A styriaca Strobl. Determination by Strobl. Europe.
9. - interrupta Loew. Determination by Strobl. Europe.
10. si arrogans Linn. Determination by Kertesz. Europe.
Tt. . varipennis Coq.
1, - annulimana Meig. Determination by Bezzi. Europe
13. = ciliata n. sp.
14. < schwarzit Coq.
lias x simplicior Wh. and Mel.
16. ot universalis n. sp.
Nef fe insularis n. sp.
18. ‘ calva n. sp.
19. t agens n. sp.

[Reprinted from Psycue, Vol. XVII, April, No. 2, 1910.]

PsycuHeE, 1910. VO SOV, Pram 3:

renin a
neers hn Pe syn
outed mans etoren ANON TTT NY

a
= yas al
Nem ae REMC TITAINTTT

faint OANA

Vf AT

i
\

MELANDER — TACHYDROMIA

Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 370

Some New or Little-known Genera of Empididae.*
A. L. Metanper, Pullman, Washington.

In the following pages are noted the occurrence in North
America of several genera of the dipterous family Empidide,
that are not given in our publications. Their publication is
given at the present time in order to explain more fully the
citations that will appear in the forthcoming edition of Dr.
Williston’s Manual.

TACHYDROMIIN &.
CHERSODROMIA Walker. +

This genus is known from six European species and one
from Australia. We have one described species in our fauna
that belongs to this genus. It is Stilpon houghi Melander,
placed in Professor Aldrich’s Catalogue of the North American
Diptera in the genus Coloboneura.

THINODROMIA gen. nov.

Thinodromia inchoata spec. nov.

Thick-set, black, pruinose, black-bristly little species with dorsal
arista and aborted wings. Eyes deeply emarginate at the antenne, the
facets uniformly large: face and front of male and female similar, of
equal length and uniform breadth,gray pruinose ;
the hollowed vertex also gray pruinose, with
three large ocelli, and strong ocellar bristles;
occiput gray pruinose, the occipital bristles
moderate; palpi large, flat, elongate-ovate,
white pruinose, with a few black hairs, over-.
lapping the proboscis; proboscis very stout,
pointed, bent back; antenne three-jointed,
though the first joint minute, the third joint
short-ovate with a long arista arising from

ee near the middle of its dorsal side, the basal
Thinodromia tnchoata—a, .. :
antenna. ' joint of the arista short, the outer long and
microscopically plumose.

The pollen covering of the dorsum of the thorax more or less golden;
mesopleura with a polished black area not pruinose; humeri not con-
stricted; humeral and supra-alar bristles large, acrostichal and dorso-

«Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory of the State Col-
lege of Washington.
(ins, Brit. I. xx., p: 137, 1852.)

37 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, D[ec., ’06

central rows small, between the dorsocentrals and the pleura are a few
irregular bristles; scutellum with two long and two outer short bristles;
pleura without bristles.

Abdomen short-cylindrical, but very robust, in the male, the bristles
becoming longer posteriorly, those of the seventh segment nearly as
long as the last four segments; each segment with a single large lateral
pit; hypopygium large, globose, closed, somewhat asymmetrical and
twisted to the right, the small apical organs nearly dorsal, the hypopy-
gium is less pruinose than the anterior portions of the body, posteriorly
with long black bristles.

Legs short, robust, piceous-black, rather closely covered with short
black bristles, those of under side of front femora and of outer apical
side of hind femora more prominent, all the femora moderately thick-
ened, the tarsi somewhat flattened distally.

Wings vestigeal, more or less triangular in outline, horizontally
extended over the abdomen, though reaching only to the third segment,
opalescent gray, a spot including the marginal cell and another around
the posterior cross vein infumated; veins yellowish, costal cell and the
first two basal cells distinct, marginal cell much shortened, humeral
cross vein distinct, no trace of anal veins, costa bristly.

Length, 1.25 to I.50 mm.

This species was collected in some numbers at Monterey,
California, by Professor J. M. Aldrich, in May of this year.
The flies were running over the hot dry sands above the sea
beach in company with Parathalassius aldrichi, hereinafter de-
scribed. Professor Aldrich states that the species could be
easily caught by scooping an individual, sand and all, in one’s
hand. The insect would run to the edge of the hand and
could be readily dropped in the collecting bottle. It is rather
strange that the swarms of these two interesting species should
have been overlooked by the previous collectors in that neigh-
borhood.

Professor Mario Bezzi in his paper, “La Riduzione delle Ali
nei Ditteri,”* mentions but two species of Empididze with
shortened wings. Both belong to the same sub-family as the
present form. Tachista microptera Loew lives about stones
in the inland ; Chersodromia arenaria Haliday is from the sea-
shore.

*Rendiconti d. R. Inst. Lomb., Vol. xxxiii, 1900.

a

Dec., ’06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 372

SYMBALLOPHTHALMUS Becker.*

But one species, S. dissimilis Fallen from Europe, has been
included in this genus. Elaphropeza montana Melander is a
slender species much like dissimilis which may well be placed
in the genus Symballophthalmus. There are also certain species
described as Platypalpus, e. g. canus, mops, hians, which agree
better with Symballophthalmus in that they lack the spur of the
middle tibia and have the two basal cells of the wings equal.

It may be stated in this connection that Elaphropeza can be
considered but as a subgenus of Drapetis. The type CE.
ephippiata), which is the only European species, and the seven
other species, all exotic, differ from Drapetis only in a com-
parative lengthening of the last antennal joint. Throughout
the western United States we have a very common species of
Drapetis (D. unipila Loew), which naturally shows some varia-
tion. An extreme form, which I reluctantly described as
medetera, for I hesitated a long time before concluding it to
be specifically distinct, has the third antennal joint twice the
normal length. Inasmuch as there are intergrades it is unwise
to give this single character generic value ; cf WW. Coquil-
lett, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., 1903, p. 205.

HYBOTIN/E.
PRORATES gen. nov.

Head globular but depressed, the face extremely short. Eyes
contiguous on front in the male, the facets of the upper two-
thirds enlarged: antennz two-jointed, the first joint minute,
the second compressed, conical, without a style or arista: pro-
boscis rigid, shorter than height of head, projecting hori-
zontally forward. ;

Thorax but little convex, one prealar, one supra-alar, and
two scutellar, but no other bristles present: tegule minute,
with white cilia. Legs slender, nowhere thickened, devoid of
bristles, pulvilli minute. Abdomen slender ; genitalia blunt,
conical, not enlarging the diameter of the abdomen, entirely
included. within two lateral valves, no projecting parts.

*Wien. ent. Zeitg., viii, 285, 1880.

373 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 06

Wings broad, anal angle rectangular, auxiliary vein
ending in the costa at the middle of the wing, the
costa extends to the third longitudinal vein; a black ellipti-
cal stigma surrounding the tip of the first vein; joint origin of
the second and third veins arising nearer the humeral than the
anterior cross vein; third longitudinal vein furcate before the
middle of the first posterior cell: discal celi pentagonal, emit-
ting two posterior veins of which the anterior is furcate; none
of the posterior veins attain the wing margin; all the basal
cells large, the discal cell small; anal cell longer than the second
basal, its outer angle acute, anal vein reaching the wing
margin.

Prorates claripennis nov. spec.

Male.—Length, 3 mm.—Black over all, dorsum of thorax olivaceous,
with two fuscous vitte, pleura and occiput lightly
cinereous, abdomen not dusted. Occiput and ab-
domen with very fine pale scattered hairs. Legs
entirely black. Wings pure hyaline, the stigma
and veins blackish. Halteres black.

Two males, collected by Mr. H. L.
Viereck, at Highrolls, New Mexico, June
12 and 13, 1902.

OCYDROMIIN-.
PARATHALASSIUS Mik.

The genus Parathalassius was erected by
Professor Joseph Mik* for a small silvery-
gray species collected on the sands near Venice, in May.
The species was found in a search for the Dolichopodid
Epithalassius, but it was not discovered until the col-
lected material was worked over, owing to a remarkable
resemblance between the two species. Only females of the
Empidid were taken, although apparently the species was very
common.

In May of this year Professor J. M. Aldrich chanced on a
similar silvery-gray form sporting on the arid sands at Mon-
terey, California. Although no specimens of the European

Prorates claripennis—a,
antenna.

*Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, X Jahrg., p. 216, 1891.

Dec... 06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 374

species are at hand for comparison, the agreement of our form
with Professor Mik’s description makes us believe the two
forms to be congeneric. Like so many of the other Diptera
living on the sand,* Parathalassius is conspicuous by its dense
coating of pollen. Even the hairs and bristles are glistening
white, so that the males especially, when viewed from in front,
are ornate with a silvery sheen.

The European species (P. blasigii) possesses several con-
spicuous white hairs on the under side of the hind femora, and
these are lacking in the California form. Moreover, in blasigit
the first posterior cell.is narrowed at its apex. Otherwise, our
species tallies well with Mik’s description.

Parathalassius aldrichi sp. nov.

Male.—tLength, 2.75 mm.—Entirely silvery-gray pruinose, all the
bristles white. Vertex broad, concave, silvery pruinose: ocelli widely
separated; one pair each of vertical, frontal,
and ocellar bristles; face very narrow below the
antenne, concave, broadening at the convex
clypeus, closely covered with short silvery-
white pubescence, lower facets of eyes large,
those of the lowermost third concealed by a
dense covering of silvery-white scale-like hairs.
Eyes not at all emarginate at antenne. Antennz
black, three-jointed, though the first two joints
are minute, third joint short-oval, pointed, with
a long terminal bristle-like arista. Occiput sil-
very-gray pruinose, occipital bristles seriately
: arranged below, and forming a ciliate fringe

Parathalassius aldrichi to the eyes. Proboscis and palpi minute,
and face of male. blackish.

Thorax silvery-gray pruinose, the dorsum with scattered short white
hairs, and with eleven pairs of short achrosticals, six pairs of long
dorsocentrals, three pairs of supra-alar and three long humeral and
posthumeral bristles: scutellum with four marginal bristles, no pleural
bristles.

Abdomen short, with numerous white hairs, when viewed from above
or the right, with but four visible segments, the second segment longest
and bearing a basal transverse row of black pores. Hypopygium very
large and globular, comparativey bare though pruinose, asymmetrical,

*e. go. Lipochaeta, Thinophila, Thereva, Stichopogon, etc., and the
Empidid genera Schistostoma, Coloboneura, Halsanalotes, and Cherso-
dromia.

375 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06

attached to the left side of the body and bent forward and to the right,
thereby crowding the small fifth, sixth and seventh segments to the left
of the median line. :

Legs slender, white bristly, middle tibie with small white apical
spurs, the joints of the middle tarsi with small black apical spurs, under
side of front femora and sides of hind femora ciliate with longer white
bristles; pulvilli broad, empodium hair-like.

Halteres white. Wings whitish, veins strong, blackish, less dark
basally, base of costa with a few white bristles, third longitudinal vein
simple, four posterior cells, anal cross vein perpendicular to the anal
vein,

Female—Differs from the male as follows: Facets of eyes uniform,
nowhere concealed by pubescence. Abdomen with five dorsal flattened
segments, its apex jet black.

Over two dozen specimens of this species were saved by its
collector. The type locality is the dry sands in back of the
beach at Monterey, California. It gives me much pleasure to
be able to dedicate this species to my dear friend and neighbor,
Professor J. M. Aldrich, who discovered this interesting fly,
and to whom we are indebted for a large proportion of what
we know of the species of this family.

Parathalassius candidatus sp. nov.
After the description of Parathalassius was sent to the

EntromotocicaL News, Professor Aldrich discovered among
his collections another specimen of the genus, but which, on
account of its larger size and more bristly appearance, is dis-
tinct from the Californian form. This individual, a female,
was collected at Friday Harbor, San Juan Co., Washington,
during the summer of 1905. Professor Aldrich is its dis-
coverer also.

Female—Length 3 mm., length of wing 3.25 mm.—This species
differs from the preceding only as follows: Face slightly broader; hairs
of occiput more dense. Dorsum of thorax with two narrow black vitte,
each of which is bounded by rows of bristles, so that there are four
rows of dorsocentrals, with about fourteen bristles to each row.
Between the acrostichal bristles and the humeri is a close aggregation
of short bristles, which are represented in P. aldrichi by a few bristles
only. Scutellum with six marginal bristles. The three black pits along
the lower edge of each abdominal tergite are large and conspicuous.
Ovipositor large, trough-like, exserted backwards from under the last
segment. Bristles of legs stronger, not recumbent but projecting; spurs

Dec., *06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 376

of middle tibia much reduced; hind metatarsi somewhat compressed;
tarsi entirely black. In aldrichi the base of the metatarsi is somewhat
yellowish. Anal vein three times the length of the anal cross-vein, in
aldrichi it is less than twice as long as the cross-vein.

EMPIDIN.
TOREUS gen. nov.

Male.—Entirely devoid of bristles.
Eyes broadly separated, the lower
facets larger: basal joint of antennz
small, last joint twice as long as the
basal joints together, compressed
conical, rather blunt; the style one-
eighth the length of the third joint.
Proboscis three times the length of the
head, the rigid rostrum three-fifths the
length of the labella: palpi short and
incumbent. The proboscis extends
downward and somewhat forward,
and not backward, in the dried speci-
men.

Thorax entirely without bristles, no
metapleural sete. Abdomen robust,
cylindrical, somewhat depressed apically, consisting of but
six segments, the seventh forming a horizontal inverted
hood-like peduncle to the hypopygium; no pits visible
on any segment: hypopygium consisting of two triangular
chitinous lateral clasping valves, which enclose a pair of upright
decussating flattened filaments; intromittent organ curved and
pointed, projecting downward from between the bases of the
lateral valves; arising from the inner base of the hypopygium
are a pair of curved slender diverging filamentous appendages
which project above the height of the hypopygium.

Legs not long, without bristles, but with fine hairs, without
apophyses or thickenings, front metatarsi two-fifths the length
of the hind ones, hind tibiz bent outwardly at their middle,
pulvilli small.

Wings rather broad, anal angle broadly rounded, costa en-
compassing the entire wing, anal vein not or but little continued

Toreus neomexitcana—a, antenna,

377 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06

beyond the anal cell, auxiliary vein straight, vanishing at the
middle of the wing, remaining veins attaining the wing margin,
the two basal cells equal in length, the anterior branch of the
third vein sinuous, rather long, the second submarginal cell
but slightly longer than the first along the costa.

Type: Empis neomexicana Melander.

ANTHEPISCOPUS Becker.*

Becker has described two European species of Anthepisco-
pus, caelebs and ribesii, and there is one from New South
Wales (antipodalis Bezzi). We have a species collected at
Seattle, Washington, which agrees with the description and
figure of ribesii, but in the absence of typical specimens for
comparison I hesitate before deciding as to its specific identity.

HESPEREMPIS gen. nov.

Male.—Eyes separated, broadly above and narrowly below
the antennz, the facets uniform in size. Antenne inserted
high, the triangular front therefore short, three-jointed, the
first two joints together as long as the third, the third joint
conical, compressed, with a short two-jointed style. The first
joint of the style is thick, the second very slender. Proboscis
very short, sharp and incurved, as in Hormopeza, etc. Palpi
broad, slightly longer than the proboscis, and recumbent upon
it, the upper surface with a few fine hairs. Ocellar triangle
without bristles, occiput with a few fine short hairs, face bare.

Thorax entirely without bristles, scu-
<_oe -=stellum with six fine marginal hairs, meta-

a pleura bare. Abdomen slender, provided
with few fine marginal hairs only; a
transverse series of minute pits present
at the base of the second abdominal seg-
ment: hypopygium terminal, flattened
above, globular otherwise, not enlarged,
entirely enclosed in a pair of convex
Hesperempis mabelae Me- lateral pieces, with no dorsal or terminal

Sea processes. Legs slender, simple, rather
sparsely provided with fine pubescence, but entirely devoid of
bristles; pulvilli small, empodium microscopic.

*Wien. ent. Zeitg., X., 281, 1891.

Dec., ’06]} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 378

Wings long slender, anal angle obtuse, not prominent, costal
vein encompassing the entire wing, auxiliary vein straight,
vanishing at the middle of the wing, stigmal spot faint, elong-
ate, third vein branched, the anterior branch long, as in Hilara,
discal cell narrow, acuminate apically, second posterior cell
narrowed at the base, the contact of the third and fourth pos-
terior cells with the discal cell equal, anal vein shortened, anal
cross vein recurved and fused with the anal vein.

This description is drawn from an enigmatical little fly de-
scribed as Rhagas mabelae. The insect is evidently an Em-
pidine, but can not be assigned to any genus hitherto described.
Its nearest relatives are Rhagas, Haplomera, Hilarempis and
Hilara.

The main characters by which these genera differ from
Hesperempis are herewith given:

Rhagas: Eyes of male contiguous; body with macrocheete ;
anal angle of wing rectangular.

Haplomera: Femora thickened; third antennal joint long
and nearly cylindrical.

Hilarempis: Body and legs with macrochetze; anterior
branch of third vein short.

Hilara: Auxiliary vein short and bent forward at tip.
In the Transactions of the American Entomological Society

for 1902, page 277, I associated Empis conjuncta Coquillett
with the present species as the American species of the genus
Rhagas Walker. Mr. Coquillett* subsequently assigned
Synamphotera Loew, which is a genus of the sub-family
Hemerodromiinz, as a synonym of Rhagas, and in his table
stated that Rhagas has the anal cross vein perpendicular to the
wing axis. In this he was in error: both forms are valid
genera, in no ways related, for Rhagas is clearly an Empidine.
I have since seen Empis conjuncta. It and Empis triangula
Coquillett are normal species of the genus /teaphila.

Through the kindness of Dr. K. Kertész, of the Hungarian
National Museum, I have been put in possession of both sexes
of Rhagas unica Walker, the type species of the genus. It is
quite a different form from mabelae. Its salient characteristics

*Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., 1903, p. 257.

379 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’06

are the following: Wings broad, anal angle strongly rectangu-
lar. Eyes of male contiguous. Arista, nearly one-half the
length of the third antennal joint, its basal segment much
thickened and many times longer than the minute, bristle-like
apical portion. Dorsum of thorax with the usual rows of small
but distinct macrochztz ; those of the scutellar margin larger
and six in number. Hypopygium terminal, small, but open,
consisting of a pair of lateral slender curved and pointed valves,
surrounding the sharp penis, and a basal dorsal pair of erect
prongs, like those of /teaphila, ete.

. lu. 4

March, ’03] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 72

An Interesting New Chrysotus.

(Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Texas. No. 42.]
By A. lL. MELANDER.

Chrysotus philtrum sp. nov. J/a/e.—Metallic green species with yel-
low legs. Head large, hemispherical, wider than the thorax: eyes
large, narrowly contiguous below the antenne, facets moderate, gradu-
ally larger below. Antennz short, yellow, the first two joints short,
simple, transverse, first joint bare, second and third joints bushy with
black hairs, the terminal hairs equal in length to the third joint ; third
joint slightly compressed, rounded conical, short, equalling the length of
the other two joints together, its terminal black arista as long as the eye-
height, sparsely beset with short hairs, the distances between the apical
ones slightly exceeding the length of these hairs. Face obliterated be-
low the antennz, becoming elongate-triangular lower down, small, black,
vertex broad, with violet-blue-green reflections, the two ocellar bristles
strong, recurved, an occipital incurved bristle present on each side of the
vertex, postoculars wanting, postocular cilia wanting, the sparse hairs
dusky below. Occiput with a violet tinge. Proboscis short, black, con-

Chrysotus philtrum.
The middle tarsus and the head are twisted to show the ventral aspect.

cealed beneath the base of the enormously dilated and flattened, subu-
late palpi, palpi two and one-half times as long as wide, literally projecting
beyond the margin of the head, entirely flat, the base, rounded, broad,
black in front, the outer half white, excised in front, lanceolate, the blunt
tip twisted, the entire palpus covered with fine silvery sericeous hairs

73 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. { March, ’03

which give even to the black base a glistening silvery color when viewed
from certain directions.

Thorax quadrate, humeri rectangular, dorsum metallic green, slightly
brassy towards the roots of the wings. Acrostichals short and sparse,
approximated into a single median series; the inner row of dorsicen-
trals with five moderate bristles, the outer row with four ; a few humeral
bristles present: scutellum with two distant long bristles: posterior
portion of mesonotum but little depressed: entire pleura slaty with
cinereous dust. Abdomen depressed basally, metallic brassy green, en-
tirely but rather sparsely covered with short stiff black hairs. Hypopy-
gium small, terminal, compressed, concolorous with the remainder of the
abdomen, bare. The sixth ventral emits a pair of short, hooked, chi-
tinous appendages, between which is a small fleshy hairy process.

Coxe and legs yellow, the middle and hind coxze somewhat darkened
above on the basal half, second joint of middle tarsi white, three outer
joints of middle tarsi black. Legs slender and comparatively long, pro-
vided with short dark hairs, middle tibiae somewhat exceeding their
femora, one-third longer than their metatarsi; middle metatarsi nearly
as long as the remainder of the tarsus ; middle and hind tibiz provided
with a glabrous streak on the outer edge, that of the middle tibiz well-
defined by a limiting series of short bristles, both tibiz with a bristle on
the basal third of the outer edge: last three joints of the middle tarsi
strongly compressed, straight below but each joint arched and outwardly
produced on the outer side: remainder of legs simple, ungues and. pul-
villi minute.

Halteres pale luteous. Tegular cilia short, sparse, dusky. Wings
normal, clear hyaline, strongly iridescent, costa nowhere thickened,
third and fourth veins parallel, posterior cross-vein short, perpendicular
to the wing-axis, less than one-half the length of the outer portion of
the fifth vein, sixth vein faint.

Three males. Length 1.75 mm. Chester Co., Pennsyl-
vania, June 3, 1902 (J. Chester Bradley), Opelousas, Louisiana,
and Austin, Texas, May 2, 1902. These specimens from such
distant localities were taken in net sweepings, the Texan one
in the rank herbage along the Colorado River at the base of
Mount Bonnell.

This curious little fly has its nearest relatives in the genus
Chrysotus, for which it shows its affinities by the contiguity of
the eyes below the antenne, the width of the vertex, the very
short antenne, the small pulvilli and the lack of true bristles
on the hypopygium. The depressions of the mesonotum in
front of the scutellum is not marked enough to exclude it
from this division. Moreover, a number of Chrysofus recently

cca ae eae

March, ’03] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 74

described show greatly lengthened palpi, as albipalpus Aldrich,
for instance. T’he first species described under this genus
were stout and possessed short legs and rather broad wings,
but forms later described show that a stature as slender as
that of the present species may obtain also. Its narrowed
wings and slender legs suggest an affinity to Diaphorus, but
here also the middle legs are never longest, while the minute
pulvilli, the obliterated face and the glabrous hypopygium pre-
clude this genus.

Curiously enough all other genera of Dolichopodide have
their palpi either incumbent upon the proboscis or hanging by
its side. The enormous size of the palpi of phzltrum in relation
to the minute proboscis naturally can not allow of this juxta-
position and the palpi are free to grow laterally. Inthe genus
Orthochile the palpi are ribbon-like, in Dzostracus and Aphro-
sylus they are spoon-shaped, all the remaining members of
this family have the palpi small and comparatively scale-like.
Thus the present species departs in the shape as well as the
size and orientation of its mouth-parts. As an interesting
accompaniment of the enlarged palpi may be noticed the
reduction of the orbital cilia. Of the other genera, the males
of Diostracus alone have the palpi longer than those of the
females. Should phi/trum conform with the rule in this
family what a remarkable animal the female must be! But it
is far more likely that this secondary sexual character is not
repeated in the other sex, and that when the female is dis-
covered she will present no characters at variance with typical
Chrysotus. It is greatly to be desired that the courtship-
habits of these species with enlarged mouth-parts be made
known, and especially of this form which has the accompany-
ing allurement of tarsal ornamentation.

‘X

4. ‘ |
GK r Ks Oe o> wreder. rf
from THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXXII., May, 1900.
A DECADE OF DOLICHOPODIDé.*
BY AXEL LEONARD MELANDER, AUSTIN, TEXAS.

The ten species included in the present paper are all from the col-
lection of Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler, under whose management this work was
performed. Asa slight token of my appreciation of his generosity and

kindness, it pleases me greatly to dedicate one of the forms to him.

res ess
At as sega Seas nesses OM

*Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Texas, No. 2.

A

"ee

>
=
ne,
x
®
°
a
>
a
4
a
n

CORON etna a wares

Fic. 10,

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES 9 AND to.

Hercostomus vetitus, male wing.
Hercostomus vetitus, lamella of hypopygium.
Hercostomus anarmostus, male wing.
Paraclius hybridus, hypopygium.

Paraclius hybridus, male wing.
Tachytrechus protervus, female wing.
Tachytrechus protervus, tamella.
Tachytrechus volitans, hypopygium.
Dolichopus sincerus, lamella.

Dolichopus sincerus, male antenna, from inside.
Dolichopus miselius, lamella.
Nematoproctus venustus, hypopygium.

. Gymnopternus mirificus, male antenna.

Gymnopternus phyllophorus, Lw., male antenna.
Pelastoneurus Wheelerii, hypopygium.

1. Dolichopus sincerus, n. sp. (Figs. 9, 10.)

Legs, except all the coxe, hind tarsi and tip of hind tibie, yellow ;
cilia of inferior orbit black ; fourth longitudinal not broken, but bent ;
antenne black ; legs plain ; wings unspotted.

Male.—Length 4.5 mm., of wing 4mm. Bright brassy-green. Face
narrow, silvery-dusted, with a slight yellowish tinge on upper part, under
the antennz a little darkened. Palpi dark, silvery-dusted. Antenne
wholly black, third joint broadly ovate; arista a little longer than antenna,
stout, tapering, not evidently pubescent. Vertex shining brassy-
green, not dusted. Infra-ocular cilia pale yellow, not strong. Thoracic
dorsum bright brassy-green, more cupreous along sides and with two
cupreous stripes in front bounding the rather strong acrostichals. The
velvety and the silvery spots present near base of wing. Abdomen shin-
ing, green, becoming more cupreous, then piceous towards incisures.
Hypopygium with the lamella moderate in size, the lamellze sub-triangular,
whitish with wide black border and ordinary fringe of hairs. Pleura
greenish, glaucous, and in various places with a cupreous reflection.
Coxe concolorous with the pleura, except at very tips; fore coxe with
black hairs and bristles on anterior surface; middle coxze with white
hairs intermixed with the black. Femora reddish yellow, slightly darker
on upper surface, especially on hind femora toward tip; posterior four
with a single preapical bristle; hind femora not ciliated beneath, although
the small hairs are a trifle longer than usual; tibie yellow, except outer
sixth of hind ones, where the black encloses a ‘‘dimple” on the outer
side ; tarsi plain, anterior four from tip of first joint and whole of hind
tarsi black ; pulvilli pale yellow, small. Wings grayish-hyaline, broad ;
costa elongate, thickened at tip of first vein ; fourth vein with usual flexure;
posterior cross-vein perpendicular to first segment of fifth vein and
distant about three times its own length from tip of fifth; hind margin
with rather evident fringing. Tegulze and halteres yellow; tegular cilia
black.

One male, collected by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler, in Price County, Wis-
consin, August 19, 1897.

Differs from preustus by the face being more silvery, vertex shining,
fore femora not darker beneath, wings not blackened at tip, and the
fourth longitudinal distinctly bent.

2. Dolichopus misellus,n. sp. (Fig. £1.)
Femora yellow, hind ones not ciliated ; cilia of inferior orbit pale ;

|
cilia of tegulz black ; wings unspotted, fourth longitudinal not broken ;
hind tibiz tipped with brown ; antenne black, red below on first joint ;
fore coxze reddish in front ; fore legs plain ; vertex violet-bronzed.

Male.—Length 5 mm., length of wing 4.5 mm. Face and palpi
yellowish white. Antenne lengthened, the joints subequal in length,
black ; first joint reddish below, third with the arista preapical, a little
longer than antenne. Vertex violaceous with a cupreous tinge. Infra-
ocular cilia pale yellow. Dorsum of thorax and scutellum bronzed-green,
shining, not dusted. Abdomen strongly compressed, bronzed-green,
shining, slightly dusted, incisures not well marked. Hypopygium not
large, lamellae rounded apically, yellowish-tinged, narrowly _black-
bordered, and fringed. Pleura dark green, dusted, yet shining in places ;
the place of the usual velvety-black antealar spot is taken by a Y-shaped
cupreous groove. Bases of middle and hind coxz and posterior face of
front cox piceous, glaucous ; the anterior face of the front cox is dark
yellow, sharply limited, without the usual coating of black hairs, but with
three of the strong apical ones and a few pale hairs. Femora yellow, the
hind ones not ciliated and with a single anteapical bristle ; tibiz yellow,
except the hind ones at tip on inner side, an elongate apical ‘dimple ”
and a narrow glabrous streak on the posterior face of hind tibie, the
dimple nearer the outside ; tarsi plain, blackened from tip of first joint
(hind ones missing in male); pulvilli whitish. Wings grayish-hyaline ;
veins not black ; fourth vein obtusely, but sharply, bent ; posterior cross-
vein distant less than twice its length from tip of fifth ; costa with a
small, lengthened, node-like swelling beyond junction with first vein.
Tegule and halteres light yellow, the former with very long black cilia.

The female differs from the male by the broader, grayer face; greener
front ; shorter tegular cilia ; no costal node nor impression in hind tibia ;
front face of fore coxe with black hairs. Hind metatarsus with basal
two-thirds yellowish.

One male and one female from Natrona Co., August 31, 1895, and
one female from Little Wind River, September 2, 1895, Wyoming ; col-
lected by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler.

From the only species with which this could be confounded in any
way (setosus, platyprosopus, preustus, Sulvipes and Coguilletti) this
species may be readily distinguished by the first short diagnosis.

3- Gymnopternus mirificus, n. sp. (Higes13.)
Very similar to G. phyllophorus, Loew, from which it differs by the

rs

0
following characters only: Face less ochraceous, more gray ; third joint
of antennz more oval, its arista slightly pubescent, terminating in a very
small lamella ; the hypopygium is scarcely a third the length of that of
phyllophorus, though this is due in part to shrinking.
One male specimen ; collected by Dr. Garry de N. Hough in Massa-
chusetts.

Hercostomus has always been an incongruous genus, formed of
species rejected from several genera. ‘The next two species differ from
all the genera of Dolichopodide as now understood, but as they show
evident affinity to the species of Hercostomus, they may be placed, at
least provisionally, in that genus. The structure of the male hypo-
pygium, the curvature in the third vein and the presence of oral bristles
show a departure, more or less marked, from Gymnopternus. ‘The fol-
Jowing key is wholly artificial, but readily separates the species hitherto
included in this much-abused genus :

Legs largely yellow . ee
Legs largely black ..... : aoiGts
POStOcwlar Cilla black. 60. 0% © cee es iat
Post-ocular cilia pale . vod ee esi ele nA

Pema veCUOCMACEOUSe yt 4 sesh iraeievese + jets Majeh 2 Bras Wheelet.
HACC UGAIC SS lo Uke too bare gia 0 Ee ee Ey eae n. sp.

Hes NEMA MOMOW ics o's ce ais, sles waters esa ae Catepes, Addrich,
Antenne black.. Molt ssi 2 208 a aliapatiele Sate Shey 1s CEDU ICUS. WW EELER;

5. Legs and cn piceous. sa .......uatcolor, Loew.
eigen Gradipinaes domitens Wheeler.)

egsaud lamella fiscOus..... 42)... 2... . sanarmostus, N. Sp,

4. Hercostomus vetitus,n. sp. (Fig. 1, 2.)

Male.—Length 4.5 mm., of wing 4.5 mm. Face of moderate width,
brownish. Palpi piceous, proboscis fuscous, surrounded with a fringe of
bristles. Antenne short, black, second and third joints together rounded
obtusely pointed at tip, with a dorsal, short, gradually tapering, pubescent
arista. Vertex dark greenish. Post-ocular cilia black ; post-oral beard
wanting. Dorsum of thorax dark blue-green, more shining posteriorly,
scutellum blue-green, with surface hairy. Abdomen shining, dark blue-
green, becoming slightly cupreous towards apex, incisures not darkened.
Hypopygium large, sessile, piceous, slightly pubescent dorsally, the dorsal
cardiform plate bristly ; internal appendages reddish; lamelle fuscous,

6

darker towards tip, slender, not lamelliform, fringed with black hairs out-
wardly and at apex, at basal third a sudden swelling, then of regular
width to the triangular clavate apex. Venter concolorous with the rest
of the abdomen. Pleura piceous, glaucous. Coxe more or less dark-
ened, except at tips; fore coxee less blackened on anterior and posterior
surfaces, with short, black hairs besides the long apical bristles ; middle
coxe with usual apical brush of hairs. Legs yellow, slightly infuscated
towards tip of tarsi; first joint of fore tarsi in length equal to the three
following together, of the middle tarsi the first joint equals the next two
and half of the third following joints, the hind metatarsus is shorter than
the joint next following ; posterior femora with a single apical bristle.
Wings subhyaline, third vein slightly and gradually converging towards
the fourth ; anal angle rounded ; posterior cross-vein perpendicular to
proximal segment of the fourth vein. Tegular cilia black, tegule and
halteres yellow.

One male, from Clementon, N. J. ; collected by Mr. C. W. Johnson,
May 30, 1897.

5. Hercostomus anarmostus, 0. sp. (Fig. 3.)

Ma/le.—Length 3.5 mm., length of wing 3.25 mm. Face rather
broad, gray dusted. Palpi and proboscis piceous. Antennze black, third
joint lengthened, flat above, rounded below, rather acutely pointed, bearing
the dorsal arista. Vertex dark greenish, opaque. Post-ocular bristles
black. No beard present. Thorax shining, dark green, with usual
bristles. Scutellum concolorous, sparsely bristly, and with a marginal
row of a few short bristles in addition to usual two. Abdomen green,
somewhat brassy, incisures not darkened. Hypopygium piceous, pub-
escent, its cardiform plate bristly ; internal appendages lengthened, red-
dish; penis pointed; lamella infuscated, crescent-shaped, much thickened
at middle and evenly attenuated to the tip, covered and fringed externally
with short black hairs, apex narrowly but distinctly margined with black.
Pleura and coxe, except tips, green, overlaid with glaucous. Front coxe
with black hairs anteriorly; middle coxe with fewer hairs than
usual. Legs infuscated, especially on upper side of all the femora, tip of
hind tibie, and fore tarsi from tip of first joint ; middle tarsi from apex
of first joint black. Metatarsus of fore legs a little shorter than three
following joints, of middle equal to two following, of hind legs shorter
than next joint and with a few short bristles below. Wings subhyaline,
slightly tinged with yellow anterior to third vein and bordering each vein ;

7

veins strong, black, a thickening in the first vein where it reaches the
costa ; third and fourth veins subparallel, the fourth vein ends slightly
before the tip ; posterior cross-vein bowed outwardly, perpendicular to
the last segment of the fourth vein, a slight lobe under the posterior
cross-vein ; anal angle full, rounded. MHalteres and tegule yellow ;
tegular cilia black.

One specimen; Chicago, Illinois, June 10, 1899; collected by
Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler. .

6. Pelastoneurus Wheelerit, n. sp. (Fig. 15.)

Male.—Length 3.75 mm., of wing 3 mm. Face of moderate width,
narrowest in middle, green, thickly overlaid with silvery dust, becoming
yellow toward antenne. Proboscis piceous, palpi silvery, with a few
hairs. Antenne wholly reddish-yellow, slightly subfuscated at apex ;
third joint short, ovate, bluntly pointed, arista short, tapering, with strong
plumosity. Vertex largely green, dusted with yellowish-brown, on each
side of ocelli a bluish space. Post-ocular cilia black above, white below;
a few post-oral bristles present. Thoracic dorsum when viewed from the
front dusted with yellowish-brown, wholly green except a purplish line on
outer side of acrostichals, gradually wider behind, where it covers the dor-
sum except a pre-scutellar, triangular green spot. Above the base of the
wing a ~-shaped black velvety spot extends forward, terminating above
in a silvery spot visible only from above. Scutellum green, with brown-
ish dust, glabrous. Abdomen green, broadly silvered at sides, toward
base of each segment cupreous ; incisures blackened ; first segment later-
ally with a strongly-marked marginal row of erect black bristles. Hypo-
pygium subpedunculate, rather slender, dorsal half obliquely marked
with green, glaucous, apical half (=remainder) shining, translucent
yellow, internal appendages fuscous, enlarged, appearing like a second
set of lamella ; at base of these is a close fringe of yellow bristles ; penis
not projecting ; lamelle yellow, rather smal], bent backward, circular at
tip, fringed with light straggling hairs. Pleura concolorous with sides of
abdomen. Fore coxe paie yellow, silvery in front, and with a moderate
coating of black hairs ; middle and hind coxz glaucous basally on outer
face ; middle coxz with several black bristles anteriorly and hind coxe
with its usual bristle on outer side. Legs wholly yellow except toward
tip of tarsi, where infuscation commences ; metatarsus of fore legs shorter
than three joints following, of middle legs shorter than two following, and
of hind legs shorter than next joint; hind femora with a strong bristle on

8

lower outer surface below the usual preapical one. Wings with typical
neuration ; the anterior region along the veins with a distinct darkening ;
posterior cross-vein inclines rather toward outer part of the fourth vein ;
anal angle full, almost rectangular. Cilia of the yellow tegule black.
Halteres yellow.

One male taken along the Colorado River, south of Austin, Texas,
October 7th, 1899, by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler.

From allied forms the present species may be readily recognized as
follows ;

From cognatus by the green vertex, violet thorax, and shorter plum-
osity of the arista.

From ¢ineatus it differs in the coloration of the thorax, the sub-
pedunculate hypopygium and the lighter coloured lamelle.

7. Laraclius hybridus, n. sp. (Figs. 4, 5.)

Male.—Length 3:75-4.25 mm., wing 3.5-4 mm. Face and palpi
covered with a golden-gray dust, partially shining, face rather broad.
Proboscis prominent, piceous, gray-dusted. Antenne red; third joint
slightly longer than broad, bluntly pointed, infuscated, especially towards
tip ; arista tapering, moderately plumose. Front cupreous, dusted with
golden. Post-ocular cilia yellowish below. Dorsum of thorax and
scutellum bronzed, opaque-dusted. Immediately above base of wing a
black spot extends forward. Abdomen bronzed, somewhat shining, gray-
dusted, especially towards sides. Hypopygium subsessile; lamellz small,
triangular, piceous except at base on dorsal side, where pubescence is also
lighter. The usual lamellar filament is wholiy wanting. Pleura glaucous,
Coxe with black hairs ; fore coxze yellow, except extreme base ; middle
coxee glaucous largely, and hind ones less so, on outer side. Legs reddish
yellow ; tarsi darkened from tip of first joint ; hind femora ciliate with
short black hairs below. Wings grayish-hyaline ; bend of fourth vein less
Sharply angulate than in propinguus. Tegule and _halteres yellow ;
halteres with black cilia.

Lemale.—Length 3-75-4-75 mm., wing 3.25-4.25 mm. Coloration
as in male,

Seven males and five females taken at Woods Holl, Mass., July 14th
to 27th, 1899, by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler.

This species was taken in the same netful with another faraclius and
a Pelastoneurus. The proportions taken were *

9

Male. Female.

Pelastoneurus lamellatus, Loew..........6...15 18
Paractius hybridus..... Rta scsteme 9 5
Paraclius propinguus, Wheeler..............21 13

The intermediate character of the new species seems to indicate
a case of hybridism, but the data are not sufficient to bear out this sup-
position. ybridus shows affinity for Pelastoneurus in the trend of the
fourth longitudinal vein and in the lack of the filamentous appendages of
the hypopygial lamellew. The other characters are, however, Paraclian.
It may be readily recognized by the following combination of characters :
Antenne largely red ;_ base of fore coxe narrowly dark ; front bronzed ;
lamelle of hypopygium triangular.

8. Wematoproctus venustus, n. sp. (Fig. 12.)

Mave.—Length 4.75 mm., wing 4.5 mm. Face narrow, of nearly
equal width, reaching three-fourths of the distance from the antenne to
the lower corner of the eye, covered with silvery dust. Palpi small,
yellow, inserted at sides of proboscis. Proboscis piceous, sparsely
pubescent. Antennz short, reddish ; first joint longest, glabrous ;_ third
ovate, short, with dorsal, long, bare arista (pubesence scarcely perceptible
under higher power). Front shining green, the white of the face
encroaching along the sides above the antenne. Post-ocular cilia yellow ;
lower occiput with long yellow hairs. Eyes hairy. Thoracic dorsum and
scutellum brilliant green, slightly dusted anteriorly, and with faint
indications of median cupreous stripings; above the base of the wing a
velvety black spot present, stronger anteriorly. Abdomen hairy,
incisures blackened ; first segment brassy green, second and third
translucent yellow, fourth cupreous becoming green, sixth green ;
hypopygium small, rounded, piceous, pubescent, terminal, with long,
filiform, infuscated, hairy appendages; internal appendages inconspicuous ;
penis short, perpendicular. Pleura greenish, gray-dusted. Middle and
posterior coxz concolorous with pleura; anterior cox yellow. Legs
yellow, except posterior tarsi and outer fourth of posterior tibiz, which
are infuscated ; pulvilli not conspicuous Wings clear, broadest about
the middle; last segment of fifth vein once and one-half the length of
the cross-vein ; cross-vein oblique ; last section of fourth vein converging
towards third, then subparallel towards tip, distant from third vein, and
terminating at tip of wing. Halteres and tegule yellow ; tegular cilia
long, pale yellow.

10

One male specimen taken by Mr. C. W. Johnson, at Westville, N.
J., June 6.

Though the genus Nematoproctus has been abandoned by European
dipterologists, it may be reinstated, at least provisionally, for this species
whose habitus is different from any North American Diaphorus with
which genus JVematoproctus has been united. The genus has never
before been recognized outside of Europe.

9. Tachytrechus volitans,n. sp. (Fig. 8.)

Male.—Differs from /loridensis as follows: Front thickly covered
with brownish dust, face with ochraceous dust. First joint of antenne,
when viewed from behind, brownish; when viewed from the front, opaque-
black, except inner projection. Ground-colour of thorax of a brilliant
metallic copper-colour, which shines through the thick coating of brown
dust. Pleura and coxe heavier white-dusted. Hind femora dark up to
very tip. Pulvilli relatively longer, snow-white. Abdomen more cupre-
ous. Pedicel of hypopygium more slender ; hypopygium with penis pro-
jecting, distinct ; lamellee of similar form, but without the long black basal
bristles, and evenly and closely fringed on outer side with longer hairs.
The spot at tip of wing arises at tip of third vein and passes back so that
the fourth vein bisects it. The third vein arches posteriorly at outer
fourth. The fourth vein bends backwards at tip. The posterior cross-
vein is less oblique and more sinuate.

The female differs from the male in the same characters as in More-
adensis.

One male and one female, from twelve miles north-west of Lusk,
Wyoming ; July, 1895; from the collection of the University of Kansas,
10. Zachytrechus protervus, n. sp. (Figs. 6, 7.)

Male.—Length 4.25 mm., of wing 4 mm. _ Face narrowed in middle,
silvery-dusted, yellower toward antenne. Antenne large, yellow ; first
joint short, second and third fully developed ; third joint rounded, infus-
cated above and toward tip, bearing the dorsal arista once and two-thirds
the length of the antenna. Vertex brownish-velvety. Post-ocular cilia
black above, pale yellow, slender below. Thorax piceous green ; above
the base of the wing the horizontal black velvety macule and anterior
silvery spot are present, above the former the dorsum is cupreous. Ab-
domen dark green, silvery-dusted along sides, incisures well marked.
Hypopygium piceous, lamelle subrectangular, dark, hairy, evenly fringed
with short biack hairs, which are lighter dorsally toward base. Pleura

11

black, silvery-dusted ; metapleura prominent ; coxz concolorous except
extreme tip, fore cox bronze-dusted in front. Legs black, except the
following: Tips of femora below, basal two-thirds of middle and hind
tibize, and front metatarsi, which are dark yellowish. The fore legs are
ornamented as follows : Tibiz thickened, dusted with yellow on anterior
surface, and with longitudinal rows of short black bristles ; tarsi com-
pressed, first joint a little shorter than the rest together, pulvilli large.
Wings hyaline ; anal angle much fuller than in angustipennis ; fourth vein
turned forward toward third, ending considerably before the tip of the
wing ; posterior cross-vein distant its length from the apex of the fifth vein,
bowed inward and surrounded by a very faint cloud. Tegular cilia black.

Female.—Length 5.5 mm., of wing 5 mm. Differs as follows from
the male: Face ochraceous. Infra-ocular cilia a little stronger. Vertex,
thorax, and abdomen a more brassy, brighter green. Red at tip of femora
more spread, and at base of middle and posterior tibie more restricted ;
fore tibize yellow, with ordinary bristles ; fore tarsi not compressed, first
joint equal to next three. Wings with faint yellowish tinge, cross-vein
more oblique.

One male from Clementon, N. J., May 10, 1896, and one female
from Delaware Water Gap, N. J., July 8. Both specimens were received
from Mr. C. W. Johnson.

The following combination of characters briefly distinguishes this
species from all the known species of Zachytrechus :

Male artista without an enlargement; fourth vein curved forward,
ending near third and distant from tip ; cilia of inferior orbit pale ; wings
unspotted; antenne largely red ; fore femora plain, more or less yellow-
tipped.

In 1878 Mik* established the genus Jacellocerus, basing it upon
Tachytrechus mechus, Loew. From Zachytrechus this genus differed
thus: ‘‘ Zweites Fuehlerglied rudimentaer, das dritte klein, mit ausseror-
denilich verlaengerter, dorsaier Borste, welche am Ende schaufelfoermig
erweitert ist. Der letzte Abschnitt der vierten Laengsader convergirt stark
gegen die dritte, so dass die Muendungen dieser beiden Adern nahe einan-
der stehen.” The addition of profervus leaves Macellocerus based upon
a single male character. Concerning the inadvisability of erecting a
genus upon mechus, Dr. Loew had already written.

*Zur Kenntnis der Dolichopodiden, Dipterologische Untersuch ungen, p. 5-
+Morographs of N. Am. Dolichopodide, p. 112.

a
¥,

Ay
“i

aon.

a

i.) ve

June, 1901]

teeth. In the front of each large lat-
eral plate is a narrow dorso-ventral
sclerite carrying the jaws. ‘These are
two in number on each side. ‘The an-
terior one (the mandible) is large, strong,
toothed terminally, and provided on the

PSYCHE.

2138

inner side with a large, softer, movable
lobe. The posterior jaw (the maxilla)
is less chitinous than the other; it is
flat and provided at its outer angle with
several papilla-like processes.

GYNANDROMORPHISM IN A NEW SPECIES OF HILARA.*

BY AXEL LEONARD MELANDER, AUSTIN, TEXAS.

While collecting insects in Western
Wyoming during September, 1895, Dr.
Wm. M. Wheeler chanced upon a very
remarkable fly. This insect, Dz/ophus
tibialis Loew, was taken among sweep-
ings from the high grass along the bor-
ders of Hunter’s Creek, at an altitude of
about 8000 feet. The specimen was
abnormal in the possession of an anten-
nary appendage arising from the right
fore coxa. Concerning this curious out-
growth Dr. Wheeler has already pub-
lished a full account.T

With the same sweepings in which
the Dilophus was taken were numbers
of an undescribed species of ////ara,
and among these was another abnormal
specimen. As cases of malformation are
rare, and especially so among insects,
possibly on account of the number of
ecdyses which these animals undergo,
the occurrence of another teratological

*(Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory of the
University of Texas. No. 18).

+ Archiv fuer Entwickelungsmechanik der Organismen,
III. Band, 2 Heft, 1896.

fly in the same locality in which the
Dilophus was taken is of some interest.
The specimens collected were stored
away until recently, when I undertook
to study them in connection with the
other species of “7/ara.

Like most members of the genus
ffilara, the new species exhibits strik-
ing sexual dimorphism, that is, apart
from the peculiar hypopygial modifica-
tions, the first joint of the fore tarsi is
greatly enlarged in the male, while of
normal shape in the female. This char-
acter, which is well-nigh universal in
the genus, is, like other secondary sex-
ual characters, subject to considerable
variation in form and size among the
various species, and is therefore of tax-
onomic importance.

On sorting the Wyoming specimens
with regard to the separation of the
sexes, an individual was discovered
which, so faras external characters «le |

a male nor a

concerned, is neither
female. This specimen has the alxlcm-

inal styles of the female, while at the

214

same time the front legs are modified as
in the males. In other respects it is
normal. Thus the front part of the body
resembles the normal male, while the
abdomen is exactly like that of the
female. ‘This case may be called ‘ tan-
dem” hermaphroditism. The figure
illustrates the anomaly, together with
the condition in a normal male, and a
front leg of a normal female.

Although gyandromorphism is by no

SS

SS LPS
HITE 7"
r aS / f Mi m3

\)

Hilara wheelerin. sp. Male.
means unknown among insects, it nearly

always occurs in the form of lateral
hermaphroditism, as observed more com-

monly among Lepidoptera and less so:

among bees and ants. The occurrence
of antero-posterior, or “‘ tandem” herm-
aphroditism is rather rare, although
quite as interesting as other cases of
blending of sex. In this connection
“ Hahnenfedrigkeit ” female
birds may be recalled.

As this species of ara has not

among

PSYCHE.

{June, 1go1.

been described, its diagnosis may prop-
erly be given in this connection.

Hilara Wheeleri sf. xov. Male and fe-
Length 3.5 mm. Opaque true-black,
covered with a very fine grey-glaucous coat-
ing. Head, thorax and abdomen with a few
pale short hairs besides the dark bristles.
Antennae black, short, third joint short, con-
ical, its arista equal to itself. Palpi testa-
ceous, with pale hairs: proboscis piceous,
generally less than one-half the head-height.
Thorax not vittate, its short hairs irregularly,

male.

Hilara wheeleri n. sp. Gynandromorphic individual.
The detached leg is the fore leg of a normal female.

almost serially arranged: scutellum with
four bristles, the inner pairlong. Abdomen
opaque black, most often compressed in the
male and cylindrical or depressed in the fe-
male: no conspicuous bristles, the short
sparse pubescence pale: hypopygium not of
greater depth than the abdomen, sessile,
rarely distinctly separated from the abdo-
men above, compressed, its lateral valves
sub-glabrous, the dorsal filament thick, but
almost always hidden. Legs fuscous to
The males, as a rule, have the legs
darker, but the fore tibiae are always fuscous.
The pubescence is pale yellow: no conspic-
uous macrochaetae are present, though the

piceous.

June, 1901]

hairs of the upper edge of the male fore
tibiae are longer. The middle and hind coxae
are black, the fore coxae more or less fus-
cous: tarsi black, the remainder of the legs
variable in color from fuscous to piceous.
The front metatarsi of the male enlarged,
ovoid, the distal third of the inner side is
excised for the reception of the remainder of
the tarsus, whichthus is not attached at the
tip of the metatarsus. The front tibiae of
the males are somewhat thickened. Wings
cinereous-hyaline, stigmal spot faintly
brown, neuration normal.

Seven males, twelve females and the
gynandromorphic specimen.

A NEW COCCID ON ROOTS OF
RUBUS.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

Phenacoccus rubtivorus, n. sp.— 2 — Hem-
ispherical, with the form of a half-pea, dis-
tinctly segmented, pale pinkish, thinly cov-
ered with white mealy secretion ; no cottony
appendages. Boiled in liquor potassae, they
stain the liquid amber yellow, and the skin
becomes colorless. Anal ring with 6 hairs.
Caudal tubercles very low and inconspicuous,
with short bristles. Legs and antennae very
pale brownish; claw with asmall denticle on
inner side; digitules slender, with small
knobs. Antennae 9-jointed, formula approxi-
mately 92(35)6(471)8. The following meas-
urements are in p,:—

Antennae segments; (1.) 36, (2.) 51, (3.)
48, (4-) 39) (5-) 45, (6-) 43, (7+) 395 (8-) 30, (9-)
69. Middle legs; femur + trochanter, 222 ;
tibia, 174; tarsus, 90 ; Of course
these measurements will vary, no two indi-

claw, 27.

viduals being exactly alike.
The females studied contained very well-
-developed embryos, These showed small

SV CUE,

215

Dubois (IX. 6, 1895) and Little
Wind River (IX. 2, 1895) Wyoming.

This species seems to be allied to
sertata, Loew, of the Eastern States,
which also has ovate metatarsi in the
males. As Dr. Loew does not mention
the place of articulation of the second
joint, it may be presumed that it is ter-
minal to the metatarsus as in the other
forms of the genus. Moreover, the
middle tibiae of the male serata are
provided with rather long pubescence, a
character not observable in Wheeleri.

spines, round glands, and a small patch of
spines on each lateral margin of each segment.
Flab.— Beulah, New Mexico, about 8,000 ft.
alt.,end of March, 1901, on roots of Rubus strt-
Collected by Wilmatte P. Cockerell.
This interesting species does not have the
superficial appearance of a Phenacoccus,
though the antennae and legs are as in that
genus. I suspect that when we know the

LOSUS.

male it will turn out to be congeneric with
the little-known European Tetrura rubi de-
scribed by Lichtenstein, concerning which
see Entomologist, 1900, p. 86.

‘RAMA I AE
e NEW SSPE CiIiS) OB CHRYSORA
FROM TEXAS.*

BY JESSE F. MCCLENDON.

Chrysopa bimaculata, sp. nov. Length to
tip of wings 11.5 mm—13.5 mm., alar expanse
21-25 mm.

Mouth antenna

short, slightly shorter

* (Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory of the
Uniyersity of Texas, No. 19.)

216

than the wing; prothorax broader than long;
wings moderately narrow, anterior pair
slightly pointed, posterior more acutely, in
anterior wing divisory veinlet of third cubi-
tal areole exceeding the first cross-vein of
the first radial sector.*

Face stramineous, vertex green, gular re-
gion stramineous, segments of palpi black,

their articulations colorless, antennae stram-

* The position of this veinlet has been noted in descrip-
tions of many species of Chrysofa, but on examining a
number of specimens of Chrysofa externa, 1 found it to
vary so much as to be of no value in determining that
species. Whether it varies in C. dzmzaculata, I am unable
to decide on account of the small number of specimens in
my possession.

PSYCHE.

{June, 1901

ineous, darker towards apex, first article with
a red longitudinal line above ; thorax green,
paler beneath, prothorax with a luteo-rufous
streak on each side from anterior to posterior
margin; abdomen green; legs pale green,
tarsi yellowish, ungues fuscous; wing veins
green, in anterior wing all cross veins black
or varied with black, in posterior wing costal

hE

cross-veins and a few others black, ptero-
stigma light green.

Coloration of alcoholic specimen: green
faded to pale yellow, line on first article of
antennae fuscous, streak on prothorax faded
out, black retained.

Four specimens from Laredo, Texas.
gust, 1900.

Au-

A. SMITH & SONS, 146-148 WILLIAM ST., New York.

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Roce EE.

A REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN. SPECIES OF
NEMOTELUS. -PLATE ca.

BY AXEL LEONARD MELANDER, CHICAGO, ILI.

The genus NEMOTELUS, or NEMATOTELUS, includes a group of rather small
Stratiomyiidae generally of dark coloration, characterized by the prolongation of the
lower part of the face. From the underside of this rostellum projects the siender
and long drawn-out proboscis which has gained the generic name for these insects.
However instead of being used as a weapon these mouth parts are admirably
adapted for their function of feeding from the long throated florets of the cone-
flowers. These small flies are not rare; where they occur they can be caught by
dozens from the heads of their favorite flowers. From the few published records
concerning this genus it would seem that in the Eastern States 2V. carbonarius is
the most abundant. In Illinois 4. wnzcolor is the prevailing form. This species
also, has the greatest distribution, occurring to Hayti and Mexico. Vemote/us
canadensis is commonest in Colorado, JW. crassus in Kansas, while the Texas
species are all equally abundant.

The European species of this genus have been divided into three groups by
Dr. H. Loew, as follows : —

1. All the tibiae in part black,

2. Hind tibiae only in part black,

3. All the tibiae with almost no black.

On this basis the North American species would be grouped thus : —

1. f¢réstzs I. wnicolor 1. pallipes
2. carneus 2. carbonartus 2. wheeler
3. wglaber 3. canadensis 3. acutirostris
4. slossonae 4. Crassus 4. flavicornts
5. bellulus 5. arator 5. zemmaculatus
6. bruesit 6. albtrostris
7. polyposus 7. trinotatus

Of these groups the first seems incongruous, but the other two are well con-
structed. The species of the second have black males, stubby faces, and as a

172 IES VAG EME, [Oct.—Dec.

whole occur inland. The third, however, is a maritime group. The males have
white abdomens and the faces are produced and pointed. Vemotelus pallipes Say
is an anomalous species of the group. It is interesting to note that apparently so
trivial a character as the relative extent of the dark color on the tibiae should be
correlated with much more striking differences. Another remarkable correlation
was noticed for the species in the collection. Those with black males (LV. unicolor,
crassus, carbonarius, canadensis, and arator) have the third vein of the wings sim-
ple; those species whose males have whitish abdomens have the third vein fur-
cate (WV. wheeleri, trinotatus, and bellulus). Nemotelus bruesii, however, 1s anomalous
in this as well as in other respects. With this division in mind Mr. C. W. Johnson
was asked to furnish data from the types of his species. Vemotelus immaculatus
is injured, but . s/ossonae and flavicornis have the third vein simple. Although
these species have the abdomen white, it is nevertheless marked with a blackish
design. We shall look forward with interest for an account of this characteristic
in the other species.

In the preparation of this paper I have had access to the Hough collection of
the University of Chicago. My own material supplemented by specimens from Dr.
Wm. M. Wheeler has been of the greatest use. In conclusion I wish to thank Mr.
Charles W. Johnson of Boston for his assistance in furnishing literature not access-
ible in Chicago and for the information regarding the types of his species.

KeEy TO THE SPECIES.

Males: eyes contiguous, or nearly so ; ; : ; : : 2
Females: eyes widely separated : : : ; : : 17s
2. Abdomen entirely black, or black with ten Pde , : : 2%

Abdomen whitish or whitish with black markings : ‘ TEs

3. Antennae situated at the middle of the short and blunt foptellume proboscis
geniculate at its outer third, the outer part pilose; eyes contiguous and
impressed along line of juncture; third vein furcate; black species with

golden pubescence : : : : : bruesiz, sp. n.
Antennae situated at base of the loneer and more acute rostellum 4.

4. Venter with a series of medial rufous spots; legs beyond base of femora yel-
lowish ; costal veins white ; greenish black species. ; pallipes Say
Venter immaculate ; hind legs at least in part blackened; third longitudinal
vein simple. ; ‘ : : ! ne

5. Body black, with no pale lateral suelnlenes on athe ‘thors : 6.

Thorax with pale lateral markings : : : , : : 8.

1903]

6.

Io.

Here

I2.

13.

14.

tS

16.

ys

18.

MELANDER:— NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NEMOTELUS 173

Body with purple tinge; hind tibiae black in the middle; tip of tarsi black
polyposus Say

Body shining black, not purplish ; : : : : a.
Front immaculate; eyes subcontiguous; base and apex of hind tibiae pale;

anterior tibiae subfuscous : : carbonarius Loew
Front bimaculate; base of all the ae pale! d : ’ tristis Bigot
Pilose species with greenish luster : : >. @Falor, sp. 1.
Bare or nearly so : : : : : ‘ OR

Eyes contiguous; metallic blue-black ; front spotted with white
canadensis Loew

Eyes subcontiguous ; front black : : : : 10.
Shining black species : : , nigrinus Fallén
unicolor Loew

Shining blue-green species . crassus Loew
Abdomen with black dorsal markings; thorax black with a lateral line;
third vein simple : é ‘ : ; : 4 i LZ
Abdomen wholly whitish, inctutied third vein furcate : hee

Thorax greenish black; abdomen with two central black spots in the fourth
and fifth segments ; posterior femora and tibiae brown in the middle

flavicornis Johnson

Thorax black; abdomen with a basal black mark also; legs largely black,

tip of femora, base and tip of tibiae and tarsi whitish slossonae Johnson
Proboscis, geniculate at the middle, the basal part enlarged; lateral line of
thorax obsolete, humeral spot small : ; : 3 14.
Proboscis geniculate before the middle. : : LB.
Legs yellow; antennae yellow, proboscis red. . tmmaculatus Johnson

Femora at least blackened ; antennae black ; proboscis black
trinotatus, sp. Nn.
Face comparatively short, black; thorax shining, pubescence rather erect;
eyes depressed along line of meeting. : : bellulus, sp. Ni.
Face longer, yellowish above : : ; ¢ : 16.
Length 3 mm.; antennae yellow except ee thorax greenish; front linear
; albirostris Macquart
Length 5 mm.; antennae blackish; thorax slaty black, subshining, with
appressed pubescence ; eyes contiguous, not depressed along line of meet-

ing ; : ; : : ! : 6 wheelert, sp. Ni.
Abdomen above with whitish lines or spots; third vein furcate 18.
Abdomen above wholly black ; third vein not branched (except druesvz) 21.

Markings of abdomen arranged in a median series of triangular spots; head

174

19.

22.

tN

On

29.

JAS IACTEUE: [Oct.—Dec.

long conical flattened, antennae inserted midway between the eyes and the
tip of the rostellum ; proboscis geniculate at the middle trinotatus, Sp.N.
Markings of abdomen arranged in a double series; head in profile more or
less hollowed out at the antennae; proboscis geniculate before the middle
19.
Abdomen with whitish markings beneath, at least in the middle: face very
long and sharp, frequently paler above; thorax shining; 3 mm.
acutirostris Loew

Abdomen black beneath ; if the face is long the thorax is not shining 20%
Thorax granular, subshining, sparsely pubescent ; facial projection long, acute ;

humeral mark small, frontal spots punctiform : : wheeleri, sp. 0.
Thorax polished, nearly bare; face short, black; humeral mark large; frontal

spots transverse . : : ‘ bellulus, sp. N.
With a whitish spot on each sade of me esa eet the antennae ; 22;
With no whitish spot on the front. ‘ : : : , 25.
Facial projection shorter than width of eye; antennae inserted near its tip;

lateral line of thorax obsolete . : : : 5 bruesil, sp. 0.
Facial projection equal to width of eye, antennae inserted n near its base 23.
Lateral line of thorax well defined ; : 3 : 24.
Lateral line of thorax obsolete . : , . tristis Bigot
Head and thorax nearly bare, subaenescent ' : . canadensis Loew
Head and thorax moderately pilose, with a greenish tinge . arator, sp. N.
Sides of thorax with a yellowish line : : ; ; ; 27,
Sides of thorax not marked; black shining species. : 26.

Anterior tibiae subfuscous, hind ones black except extreme tip and base
carbonarius Loew

All the tibiae vittate with black : é : : carneus Walker
All the femora and tibiae black; thorax with a greenish tinge glaber Loew
Front and middle tibiae rather yellowish . : ‘ 28.
Blue-green species. é 4 : 29.
Black, shining species , cate nigrinus Fallén

unicolor Loew
Facial projection longer than width of eye ; crassus Loew
Facial projection shorter than diameter of eye . ’ . unicolor, var.

Psyche, Vol. ro.

from Hayti

Unicolor 6

.

canadensis
ecrassus Ss

Unicolor 9

bellulus

3

Crassus Q

ranate trinotatus
rv

canadensis ¢

i hk
cies
after 3
Macquart

3

Bruesii @ arator

MELANDER: — NEMOTELUS.

1903] WELANDER:— NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NEMOTELUS By

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES.

1. NEMOTELUS CRASSUS Loew.

Nemotelus crassus Loew, Cent. Amer. Diptera, iii, 10. ()
Williston, Can. ent., 1885, vol. 17, p. 128. (2)
Johnson, List ins. N. J., p. 639. (3)

Female. Stout, of a greenish black somewhat metallic color, front not spotted, anten-
nae black, the tip of the second joint yellowish, a lateral line of the thorax, the knees, the
front tibiae, and all the tarsi pale yellowish. Length of body 2,4, lines (4.2 mm.), length of
wing 2 lines (4 mm.).

Rather stout, bare, highly shining, greenish black, the color of the anterior part of the
front and of the face merging to bluish rather than green. Front broad, immaculate.
Antennae black, the tip of the second joint brownish or yellowish. Face produced into a
rather large sharp cone. Lateral line of the thorax very slender, pale yellowish. Femora
black, the tip, however, yellowish ; the whole ot the front tibiae and the broad base and
narrow tip of the hinder ones yellowish, the intervening portion black; tarsi pale yellowish.
Halteres white. Wings whitish, the thinner veins similar, the thicker ones very pale yel-
lowish, submarginal cell of an opaque color. (Zvranslation.)

Rhode Island “);. Kansas ); New Jersey ‘3.
Profile of head of male and female figured on plate.

2. NEMOTELUS CANADENSIS Loew.

Nemotelus canadensis Loew, Cent., iii, 12. ()

Male and female. Clothed with short whitish hairs, shining, greenish black, subme-
tallic, antennae black, the lateral line of the thorax very narrow, the tip of the femora, the
tibiae except a median ring around the hind ones, and the tarsi yellowish.

Male. Eyes contiguous, frontal triangle yellowish, face drawn out.

Female. Front broad, on each side with a yellowish spot, sometimes faintly marked,
face acute.

Length of body 2—2;/; lines (4.-4.2 mm.), length of wing 2 lines (4 mm.).

Clothed with short and fine whitish hair, shining, greenish black, somewhat metallic.
Head concolorous. Eyes of male contiguous, eyes of female separated on the broad front.
The anterior frontal triangle of the male pale yellow above, the front of the female marked
on each side with a pale yellow spot. Face of male produced into a moderately prolonged
cone, of the female into a subacute one. Lateral line of the thorax whitish yellow, very
fine. Abdomen margined with a dirty yellow narrow line sometimes obsolete. Femora
black, yellow at the tip; tibiae yellow, the hind ones annulate with a black ring; tarsi
yellow, the last joints frequently infuscated or blackened. MHalteres white. Wings whitish,
the stronger veins pale yellowish, the submarginal cell often of the same color. (TZvransla-
tion.)

I 76 PS WAGES [Oct.—Dec.

Hudson ;Bay Territory, Fort Resolution, (Kennicott.) “); Colorado, (Hough
collection, C. F. Baker).
Profile of head of male and female figured on plate.

3. NEMOTELUS UNICOLOR Loew.

Nemotelus unicolor Loew, Cent., iii, 11. ()
Williston, Can. ent., 1855, p. 128. (2)
Williston, Biologia Centr.-Amer., Suppl. p. 251. (3)

Nemotelus nigrinus Fallén, v. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. entom., 1867, p. 126. (4)

Female. Bare, shining, black, antennae concolorous, front immaculate, a very slender
lateral line on the thorax yellowish, femora black except the yellowish tip, anterior tibiae
subfuscous, hind ones black, the base and extreme apex of all yellowish. Length of body
1% lines (3.5 mm.), length of wing 1% lines (3.3 mm.).

Bare, shining, black. Front immaculate. Antennae black. Face produced into a rather
large and sharp cone. Lateral line of the thorax pale yellow, very thin. The hind tibiae
and the femora black, the tip of the latter and the base and apex of the former yellowish ;
anterior tibiae subfuscous, with the base broadly and apex narrowly yellowish, sometimes
wholly pale yellowish; the last two joints of the yellowish tarsi sometimes infuscated.
Halteres whitish. Wings whitish, the stronger veins very pale yellowish. (7vranslation.)

Illinois, (Le Baron) “); Wisconsin 4); Pennsylvania, Arizona ©); Tabasco,
Mexico. (3)

The male which has not been described before is similar to the female. The
outline of the head is naturally different as represented on the plate. The thorax
is sometimes decidedly pubescent with very fine whitish hair. Halteres often
blackened.

Profile of head of male and female figured on plate.

This is the commonest species in Illinois: Chicago, Glen Ellyn, Algonquin,
McHenry are the localities from which I have specimens. May to September.
One female from Glen Ellyn has the facial prominence shorter than the head, the
antennae reddish beneath and the knob of the halteres blackish. All the other
females examined have a longer face, black antennae, and white halteres. Is not
NV. unicolor the form referred by van der Wulp to wzgrénus Fallén? The descrip-
tions of the European species apply very well to the North American specimens.

A single specimen in the Hough collection taken in Hayti seems closely related
to WV. unicolor. Were it not for the extended distribution of this species and the
fact that the Glen Ellyn specimen of wzzco/or represents a similar variation, the
West Indian example might be considered another species. Its peculiarities are
the following: thorax with a black bronzed tinge; antennae brownish basally ;
face short, in length less than the width of the eye; length 2.25 mm. See figure.
The specimen scarcely seems to be the female of any of the three species occurring
within its geographical range. (iV. tmmaculatus, slossonae, flavicornis.)

1903] MELANDER:—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NEMOTELUS 177

4. NEMOTELUS CARBONARIUS Loew.

Numotelus carbonarius Loew, Cent., viii, 6. (1)

Johnson, List ins. New Jersey, p. 639. (2)

Male and female. Bare, black, shining, antennae concolorous, front immaculate, no
lateral line on the thorax, femora black except the yellowish tip, anterior tibiae subfuscous,
hind ones black, base and extreme tip of all yellowish.

Very much like Memotelus unicolor, but different in its smaller size and in possessing
no pale line on the side of the thorax. Halteres subfuscous. Eyes of the male subcontig-
uous. (Zvranslation.)

Length of body 1 lines (3.3 mm.), length of wing 1,5 lines.
Lenox, Massachusetts, (Osten Sacken) “); New Jersey

5. NEMOTELUS TRISTIS Bigot.

Nemotelus tristis Bigot, Ann. soc. ent. France (6), vii, 1887, p. 30. @)

Mate. Face produced asacone. Black over all, shining; two whitish spots above the
antennae, halteres white, knees, base of the tibiac, and the tarsi except the tip pale fulvous ;
wings hyaline, the strong veins at the base pale yellow.

female. Very much the same.

Male. Face prolonged in a sharp cone, at least equal to the length of the head.
Entirely shining black, two white spots situated above the base of the antennae; halteres
with white knob; extremity of the femora, the knees, base of the tibiae and of the tarsi, of a
very pale reddish; wings absolutely hyaline, except that the external veins are lightly tinged
with yellow. (Zvanslation.)

Length 4 mm.
California. ‘)

6. NEMOTELUS GLABER Loew.

Nemotelus glaber Loew, Cent., x, 10. (1)

Female. Bare, shining, black, dorsum of the thorax and the scutellum faintly greenish,
front immaculate, thorax with a very fine whitish lateral line, femora and tibiae black, tarsi
white, the last two joints of the front ones and the last joint of the hinder ones fuscous,
knob of the halteres black above.

Bare, shining, black. Front broad, unspotted. Antennae brownish black, towards the
base dull red. Face produced into a rather stout acute cone. Dorsum of the thorax and the
scutellum obsoletely green froma black ground color; the lateral line of the thorax very
fine, whitish. Legs black, the knees dull whitish and the tarsi white, but the last two joints
of the front ones and the last joint of the others fuscous. Halteres whitish, the knob black

above. Wings whitish, the stronger veins very pale, the rest completely uncolored.
(Translation.)

Length of body 12-1? lines, length of wing 1 7 —13 lines.
Texas, Belfrage. ‘)

178 PSYCHE [Oct.-Dec.

+. NeMOTELUS CARNEUS Walker.

Nemotelus carneus Walker, Barnston’s MSS, List dipt. ins., 3, p> 521+ ©

Female. Black, antennae black, legs yellowish, femora black, tibiae striped with black,
wings whitish. (Zvranslation.)

Body black, shining ; head a little narrower than the chest; eyes piceous; mouth and
feelers black; scutcheon unarmed; abdomen much broader, but not longer than the chest;
legs tawny; hips and thighs black ; tips of thighs tawny ; shanks striped with black; wings
whitish; wing-ribs tawny; veins and poisers pale yellow.

Length of body rg lines (3 mm.) of the wings 3 lines.
St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson Bay, (G. Barnston).

8. NEMOTELUS PALLIPES Say.

Nemotelus pallipes Say, Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phila., vol. 3, 29. @
Ed. Lec., vol. 2, p. 52. @)
Wiedemann, Auss. zweifl. ins., ii, 45, 2. (3)

Male. Greenish black, thorax tinged with green ; nervures white.

Rostelliform process blued black; polished; antennae brown, at the base of the rostelli-
form process ; front with a triangular white spot above the antennae , thorax punctured, a
testaceous line before the wings and another each side on basal edge; poisers and scale pure
- yellowish white; costal nervure whitish; feet yellowish, base of thighs and middle of pos-
terior edges of the segments of the venter rufous.

Length 35 inch (3.8 mm.).
Pennsylvania. (1, 2, 3-)

g. NEMOTELUS POLYPOSUS Say.

Nemotelus polyposus Say, Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phila., vol. 6, 160. (1)
Ed. Lecs vol. 2, 356. @)
Williston, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Dipt. Suppl., 251. (3)
Male. Black, feet yellowish; thighs black at base.
Body black, with slight tinge of purplish, polished; wings white; costal and basal ner-
vures yellowish; poisers white ; feet honey yellow; thighs except at tip black; tarsi with
the terminal joint black ; posterior tibiae black in the middle; venter immaculate.

Length not more than 5%; inch (3.7 mm.).
Mexico (2); Mexico City. ©)

1903] MELANDER:—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NEMOTELUS I 79

10. NEMOTELUS ARATOR, Sp. nov.

Female. Olivaceous black, shining, densely pilose with fine dusky yellow hair; head
with two transverse yellow spots above the antennae; vertex rounded into the front and on
the occiput, facial projection conical, stout, subacute, moderately long, equaling the width of
the eye, antennae black, inserted one third the distance out from the frontal spots; proboscis
short, fleshy, geniculate at the outer third, the outer part hairy beneath. Thorax without a
humeral macule, but with a pale lateral line. Abdomen concolorous with head and thorax,
inornate. Femora black, except the knees, hind tibiae blackened in the middle, tarsi infus-
cated apically. Halteres yellow, the pedicel black. Wings whitish hyaline, the anterior
veins testaceous, third vein unbranched, fourth posterior vein arising from base of discal
cell.

Male. More pilose, with a more bluish reflection. Frontal spots small, contiguous,
eyes contiguous for a short distance only, where they are impressed, facial protuberance
much reduced, the antennae arising from its base, proboscis short. Otherwise similar to the
female.

Length 4.5—5 mm.

Described from one male and one female from a larger lot of the same species
collected by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler, March 1897, in San Diego Co., California.

Profile of head of male and female and figure of wing illustrated on plate.

11. NEMOTELUS BRUESII, Sp. nov.

Female. Black, closely covered with short appressed coarse silvery pubescence. Head
short rounded conical; face short, two thirds the diameter of the eye, antennae inserted near
the tip of the face, rather long, especially the first two joints, black, arista thick, bristly at
tip; front with two narrow transverse white spots, proboscis short, but little longer than the
length of the head, geniculate at its outer third, the outer part fleshy and hairy. Thorax
with a small humeral spot; lateral line obsolete. Abdomen unmarked. Femora black except
tip, tibiae darkened at middle, especially the hind ones, remainder of legs testaceous. Hal-
teres blackened. Wings hyaline, the stronger veins testaceous, third vein furcate before its
end; the fourth posterior vein arising at the basal third of the under side of the discal cell.

Male differs in the fine golden pubescence; face stubby, eyes scarcely touching ; frontal
spots triangular, subcontiguous.

Length 4 mm.

Described from numerous specimens collected by myself and by Mr. Charles
T. Brues, my constant fellow-worker, during our stay at the University of Texas,
Austin, Texas. This species is abundant during middle April, and shows special
partiality for the flowers of Lefachys columnaris, the entire collection being made
from the flowers growing on the University campus. ‘The species is soon suc-
ceeded in the local fauna by JV. ¢rinotatus.

Profile of head of male and female and arrangement of venation figured on
plate.

180 PSYCHE [Oct.-Dec.

12. NEMOTELUS TRINOTATUS, Sp. NOV.

Female. Head long, flat from the tip to the strongly declivous occiput, conical, rather
acute, no distinction between front and facial protuberance ; totally black, shining, pubes-
cence short appressed sericeous golden, moderately sparse; antennae black, inserted midway
between eyes and tip of face ; proboscis long, black, geniculate at the middle, the basal
half membranous behind, the outer half curved. Thorax black with a very faint greenish
tinge, its pubescence like that of the head but denser laterally, humeral mark small, lateral
line very narrow. Abdomen black, not greenish, shining, bare, the first segment yellowish
in front, the spot broadest medially, second, third, and fourth segments each with a median
triangular white mark broadest posteriorly, that of the fourth segment continuous with the
yellow hind margin, the entire abdomen margined with a white line broadest caudally and
becoming attenuated toward the base of the abdomen; venter black shining, sparsely pubes-
cent, immaculate but with a narrow whitish outline. The markings of the first two seg-
ments of abdomen sometimes obliterated. Femora black except the yellowish tip, posterior
tibiae blackish in the middle merging into yellow at the base and apex, tarsi light yellow.
Halteres white. Wings white, veins concolorous, third vein furcate at tip, fourth posterior
vein arising at basal third of underside of the rather large discal cell.

Male differs from the female as follows: facial protuberance shorter and more slender,
front with two contiguous white spots, antennae inserted at the base of the protuberance ;
eyes contiguous and slightly impressed along the line of contiguity. Hairs of thorax less
sericeous, silvery. Abdomen wholly white. Hind tibiae with a black spot.

Length f# 3.5 mm.; 2 4.5 mm.

Described from numerous specimens of both sexes collected during May and
June at Austin, Texas, by Mr. C. T. Brues and the writer. The species was abun-
dant during the first weeks of June on the flowers of Sapinpus, the “wild china-
berry tree.”

Profile of head of male and female figured on plate.

13. NEMOTELUS FLAVICORNIS Johnson.

Nemotelus flavicornis Johnson, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phila:, 1894, p- 272: (1)

Male. Face and vertical triangle black. shining. Facial protuberance prominent, con-
ical; antennae yellow. Facets of the upper half of the eye double the size of those of the
lower. Thorax and scutellum greenish black, shining; humeri, and a narrow line from
there to the base of the wings, yellow. Abdomen yellow, with a small black subtriangular
spot in the center of the fourth and fifth segments; venter yellow. Legs yellow, posterior
femora and tibiae with a medial band of dark brown. Wings hyaline, whitish, discal cell
emits four veins.

Length 24 mm.
Kingston, Jamaica. “)
Mr. Johnson writes that the third vein is simple.

1903] MELANDER:— NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NEMOTELUS 181

14. NEMOTELUS SLOSSONAE Johnson.

Nemotelus slossonae Johnson, Proce. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1895, p. 304. (1)

Male. Face and vertical triangle black, shining; facial protuberance very prominent,
conical ; frontal triangle brown. ‘The upper portion of the eye with large facets brown, the
lower third with small facets blackish ; antennae dark brown. ‘Thorax and scutellum black,
shining; a narrow, light yellow lateral line extends from the humerus to the posterior
angle. Abdomen yellowish white; a central mark on the first segment below the scutel-
lum, a dorsal triangle and a small spot near the lateral margin of the fourth, and the fifth
except a narrow lateral and posterior margin black; in one specimen there isa minute brown
dot near the anterior angle of the third segment. Venter whitish. Legs black; tip of the
femora, base and tip of the tibiae, and the tarsi whitish; wings hyaline, whitish; discal
cell emits four veins.

Length 3 mm.

Charlotte Harbor, Florida. March. (Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson.) (

This species also has the third longitudinal vein simple. (C. W. Johnson,
mm litt.)

15. NEMOTELUS ACUTIROSTRIS Loew.

Nemotelus acutérostris Loew, Cent, iii, 13. (1)

Female. Black, shining, clothed with fine whitish hairs, front marked on each side
with a white spot, face produced into a very long and sharp cone, the lateral line of the
thorax, the margin of the abdomen, and three pairs of spots white, legs whitish, basal half
of the femora black. Length of body 14 lines (3 mm.), length of wing same.

Black, shining, clothed with short and fine white hair. Head concolorous, front
marked on each side with a white dot, face produced into a very long and sharp cone, often
fuscous above. Antennae black, the first two joints fuscous, rarely yellowish. A humeral
spot and a very slender lateral line on the thorax white. Margin of the abdomen white, the
second, third, and fourth segments each marked with two long white spots contiguous on
the hind margin. Venter often white, sometimes the lateral border and the last segments
wholly brown or blackish. Legs whitish, the femora often black except the tip, sometimes
also at the base dull whitish, posterior tibiae except the base and tip frequently darkened.
Wings whitish, the stronger veins pale yellowish. (Zvranslution.)

Cuba, Gundlach. ©

16. NEMOTELUS IMMACULATUS Johnson.

Nemotelus immaculatus Johnson, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1895, p. 304. (1)

Male. Face and vertical triangle blackish; eyes of a dull brown color (probably much
lighter than in the living specimen) ; antennae yellow ; proboscis red, unusually long, with
an acute angle, the two portions thus formed being of almost equal length, the outer half is

182 PSYCHE "Oct.—Dec.

curved downward and the basal part of the other is somewhat enlarged. Thorax black,
with sparse whitish pubescence most prominent on the pleurae; scutellum black ; abdomen
greenish white, immaculate. Legs light yellow; wings hyaline, whitish.

Length 4 mm.
St. Augustine, Florida (F. H. Genung). “)

17. NEMOTELUS ALBIROSTRIS Macquart.

Nemotelus albtrostris Macquart, Dipt. exot. Suppl. 4, p- 359; Tab. 3, fig. 8. G@)

Male. Thorax black; abdomen white.

Rostellum a little longer and more drawn out than in WV. pantherinus ; white above,
black beneath ; proboscis slender and elongate. Front linear. Antennae inserted at the
base of the rostellum, yellow, the end of the third joint brown. Thorax black with a green
reflection. Abdomen white. Femora black the tip white; tibiae and tarsi white. Halteres
white. Wings hyaline. (Translation. )

14 lines (3 mm.).

Virginia (M. Bigot). ™

The “linear front ” probably means that the eyes are subcontiguous as in the
males of some of the other species.

Profile of head, redrawn from Macquart’s illustration, figured on plate.

18. NEMOTELUS WHEELER], Sp. NOV.

Male. Head comparatively flattened ; rostellum slender, long, yellowish above ; anten-
nae fuscous, style slender ; two triangular contiguous yellow spots in the frontal triangle ;
eyes contiguous, not depressed medially, the lower facets small; proboscis twice the length
of the head, slender, chitinous, reflexed, geniculate at the basal third. Thorax black, sub-
shining beneath, with short appressed yellow scaly pubescence; humeri and a narrow lateral
line pale yellow; pleurae similar; halteres white. Abdomen flat, white over all. Basal
three fourths of the femora black merging into the white knees, remainder of legs yellowish.
Wings and veins hyaline, third vein furcate, fourth posterior arising near middle of under-
side of discal cell.

Female. This sex differs from the male as follows: head conical, one half longer than
high, occiput flattened; the broad front minutely scabrous, with two rounded spots at the
margin of the eye. Abdomen black, except for a paired medial series of transversely ellipti-
cal yellowish spots on the posterior margin of the first four segments, the last pair connected
with the yellow margin circumscribing the entire abdomen ; genitalia yellow; venter black-
ish, margined with yellow.

Length 4-5 mm.
This pretty little species was secured during the first wecks of June, 1900, at
Galveston, Texas, being attracted to an undetermined Composite growing profusely

1903] MELANDER:— NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NEMOTELUS. 183

near the Medical college of the University of Texas. It gives me much pleasure
to dedicate this to my instructor, Dr. William Morton Wheeler, who assisted in
the capture of these specimens.

Profile of head of male and female figured on plate.

19. NEMOTELUS BELLULUS, sp. nov.

Male. WHead globose; rostellum short, black; antennae black, style slender; frontal
triangle yellow; eyes contiguous and slightly depressed along their line of meeting, the
lower facets not much smaller; proboscis slender, reflexed, chitinous, black, less than twice
as long as the head, geniculate at the basal fourth, the outer part strongly curved. Thorax
shining black, clothed with fine silvery pubescence ; the large humeral spot and a narrow
lateral line whitish; pleurae more sparsely pubescent. Abdomen entirely white. Femora
black on basal three-fourths, the knees whitish; tibiae black except tips; tarsi vellowish.
Halteres white. Wings and veins hyaline, the costal veins, however, yellow, third vein fur-
cate, fourth posterior vein arising near middle of underside of discal cell.

Female differs from the male in the shape of the head and coloration of the abdomen.
Head roundedly conical, in profile slightly excavated above; the frontal white spots trans-
versely lengthened. ‘Thoracic pubescence not so fine. Abdomen black with a double series
of narrow transverse yellow spots on the posterior margin of the first four segments; the
side margin of the first six segments very narrowly yellowish, terminal segments infuscated ;
venter black, the posterior and side margins of the individual segments very narrowly yel-
lowish.

Length 3-4 mm.

Described from a number of specimens collected at Galveston, Texas, June,.
1900.

Profile of head of male and female figured on plate.

Hutt ZooiocicaL LABoRATORY,
University of Chicago.

154 PSYCHE [Oct. — Dec.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW DIPTERA OF THE GENUS
PET ERMA.

BY CHARLES W. JOHNSON, BOSTON, MASS.

PHTHIRIA CYANOCEPS, Sp. NOV.

& Front, face, and occiput light bluish gray, ocellar triangle black ; first and second
joints of the antennae light yellow, third joint black, and about twice the length of the first
and second joints combined; proboscis black, nearly double the length of the head. Thorax
bluish gray (becoming blackish when dampened); scutellum light yellow. First and second
segments of the abdomen black, with a sharply defined, narrow, posterior margin of yellow
on the first segment; posterior margin of the second and all of the remaining segments,
widely margined with grayish white, leaving a narrow, blackish, basal band, the segments
are often so contrasted in dried specimens that the dark anterior portion is more or less
concealed. Halteres white. Legs light yellow, tip of the metatarsi and all the other joints
of the tarsi black. Wings whitish hyaline.

Q Front and vertex broad, yellowish, occiput more prominent than in the male; ocelli,
a small spot above the base of the antennae, and a short line on the occiput extending toward
the cervix, on each side of a median depression, black, the first abdominal segment black,
the others brownish, and all widely margined posteriorly with yellow. Length, 1.5 mm.

Four males and one female were collected by Mr. Owen Bryant and myself,
on September 8th, by sweeping over the scanty vegetation on a white sandy tract
near the beach at Cohasset, Mass. The eyes are a brilliant blue when living,
changing to purple after death, and to dark brown when dry. It is the smallest of
our described species. ‘Types in the New England collection of the Boston society
of natural history.

PHTHIRIA ALDRICHI, Sp. NOV.

& Face, ocellar triangle, and occiput grayish white, frontal triangle yellowish ; face
and occiput bearing conspicuous white pile; first and second joints of the antennae yellow,
third black and about double the length of the other two; proboscis black and more than
twice the length of the head. Thorax grayish white, sparsely covered with whitish hairs
(in damp or greasy specimens the thorax is black) ; scutellum, postalar processes, and a spot
between the base of the wing and halteres yellow. Abdominal segments blackish widely
margined posteriorly with yellow, the black being most prominent on the second segment,
genitalia and venter yellow. Legs variable in color, usually brownish black, with the base
and tip of the femora and the base of the tibiae and metatarsi more or less yellowish. Hal-
teres white, wings whitish hyaline.

Q Front and face yellow, cellar triangle and a short line on the occiput, on each side of
the median depression, black. Humeri, lateral margins, upper portion of the pleurae, postalar

1904 | MELANDER:— NEMOTELUS 33

ADDITIONAL NOTE ON NEMOTELUS.
BY A. L. MELANDER, PULLMAN, WASH.

It not infrequently happens that two entomologists publish independently on
a certain subject. When the same species are simultaneously described in dif-
ferent journals there may be considerable doubt as to which name shall be used
as it is often difficult to determine the exact date of publication of the descrip-
tions.

In this way Dr. C. F. Adams and myself chanced to describe several species
of the dipterous genus (Vemofelus, Dr. Adams’ paper appearing in the Kansas
University Science Bulletin for November, 1905, page 221, and mine in PsyCHE in
the number for October-December, 1903, pages 171-183. The two species described
by Dr. Adams, £amsensis and abdominalis, when judged by their descriptions
certainly seem identical with two species described by me, de//ulus and trinotatus.

Through the kindness of Dr. Adams I have secured typical specimens of
his species and find characters not mentioned in the diagnoses by which the
species can be separated. For the convenience of the future student these are
given herewith.

Nemotelus abdominalis Adams.

Female: rostellum more elongate and conical than in de//udus, extending
beyond the base of the antennae two-thirds their length. Abdominal marks extend-
ing half way into the segments. The pale fasciae of the abdomen are of the paired
type mentioned in my analytical key, but are subconfluent medially and thus present
the appearance of a transverse band. Length 4 mm.

Male: Rostellum projecting two-thirds the distance to the tip of the antennae:
eyes contiguous for less than half their diameter, and evidently impressed along
their line of contiguity : front tibiae with a narrow dark ring in the middle.

Nemotelus bellulus Melander.

Female: Rostellum shorter, beak-like, 2. ¢., bent downward at tip, reaching
about half way to the end of the antennae: pale marks of abdomen marginal.
Length 3—4 mm.

Male: Rostellum very short: eyes contiguous about half their diameter, and

PSYCHE April
34 [

less impressed, although more so than in Wheeler? Mel.: front tibiae with a suffused
broad dark band.

The females of amsensis and trinotatus and markedly alike, but the males
are entirely different. Dr. Adams suggested in a letter the possibility of a species
with dimorphic males, but a close study reveals characters by which the females
can be recognized, which indicates that there are two distinct species. The
differences in the extent of the color markings of the abdomen and legs are
not of value in separating these species. The characteristic differences between
the two species may be stated thus:

Nemotelus kansensis Adams.

Female: 5.5 mm. Rostellum projecting beyond the eye more than the
horizontal diameter of the eye: proboscis geniculate a little before the middle.

Nemotelus trinotatus Melander.

Female: Length 4.5 mm. Rostellum projecting not more than the diameter
of the eye: proboscis geniculate at the middle.

The male of ansensis is at once distinguished from all the other species by
the single conspicuous black fiscia on the fifth abdominal segment. Slossonae
Johnson and flavicornis Johnson, the only other species with a black fascia so
placed, are of small size and have the fourth segment also blackened. Moreover
in these species the third vein is simple.

A DIpTEROUS PARASITE OF THE Box TurTLE.— In PsycueE, Vol. V, page 403,
Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler mentions several cases of finding larvae of dipterous flies of
the genus Sarcophoga in tumors in the skin of the Box Turtle. On July 28, 1902,
I found another case of the same kind at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, N. Y.,
near the biological laboratory. The turtle had a swelling about an inch in diameter
on the left side of the neck with a small opening directed forward that was usually
nearly closed but could be easily stretched to quarter of an inch in diameter.
Five larvae were taken out through this opening with forceps, one dead and partly
decayed, the others alive and full grown. Placed in bottles with moist earth they
buried themselves within a few hours. On July 31 one of them had pupated and
the fly came out August 17. It is plainly a Sarcophoga but has not yet been exam-
ined by anyone familiar enough with this genus to determine the species. The fly
and one of the larvae are in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy in Cambridge,
Mass.— /. H. Emerton.

From The Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXXVI., 1904, pp. 74-24.

NODES (ON. NORTH AVERICAN
SAA PTOM VIDE.

NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN STRATIOMYIDAl.

BY A. L. MELANDER, CHICAGO.

While arranging the flies of this family contained in the Garry de N,
Hough collection of the University of Chicago, together with my own
material, a number of notes have been made, which are here given. ‘This
family, like a number of other dipterous groups, needs monographic
study owing to the confused and scattered descriptions of most of the
forms. Of recent years the number of genera has Been multiplied, |

January, 1904.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. lo

although the atthors have neglected to sift out the older species belonging
to these new groups. Accordingly, the older genera, like Sargus for
example, contain species of several of the modern subdivisions.

In the following pages are listed the species studied, together with
the localities from which they were received. Analytical keys are intro-
duced for several of the genera as an aid to the future student. I here
wish to thank my friend, Mr. Charles T. Brues, for supplying descriptions
not accessible in this city.

ALLOGNOSTA.
- Our three species are related thus :

Discal cell not as broad as the stigma

Nee iar ARUN oo ccm aie a ss 2
Discal cell as broad as the stigma ; abdomen testaceous

CMLEANIVES Wee Ser P Aen So tel we nee oe, OS hs oo aay PSL AT SST AY.

2 muomen testaceols, Centrally eit. oc fale jo ayee dite, wm avayds ae similis, Loew.

Abaomen, wholly: black...) 2. 12. acm ci 3 da. OOSCUrIVEenI TIS, Loew.

A. fuscitarsis, Say.

Edgebrook and Algonquin, Ill.; Kiamesha, N. Y. June.
A. obscuriventris, Loew.

Edgebrook, Ill. June. This species occurs in company with the
preceding in open woodland.

: BERIS.

But two species occur in the United States. They have the thorax
metallic green and the abdomen black.

Bemba am with aOU SPIES). 2 cide ies Se vere ve es ss. CEFEMES, DAY
Scutellum with six or eight spines........ ene orexicand. bells. Wille
B. viridis, Say.

New Jersey (vi.,°3, ’01) ; Michigan ; Glen Ellyn, IIl. (v., 30, ’99).
B. Mexicana, Bellardi, Williston.

One specimen from Vancouver Island (Livingston, vil., 14, 796)
agrees with Dr. Williston’s redescription of this species (Can. Enr., 1885,
p. 123).

SARGUS.

The species grouped under the old genus Savgus are many of them
superficially described. Accordingly, it would be difficult to decide to
which subdivision most of the species belong. So far the species

described under the generic name Sargus may be distributed among the
following groups :

eo

16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Nan-metaliic speciesic. i. LEGS ge 2 a, Ee Se een ep opeag ne
More or less metallic species.
Eyes contiguous or subcontiguous, ¢ ; ocelli equidistant.
Abdomen long, pedicellate, cylindnest at the

Base; 7 -tecdeeds G5 ein ee .. Macrosargus, Bigot.
Abdomen short, ercen nal
flatiened siete} esis tt ae . Sopp. e/egans, Lw., and Zexana, sp. n.
Eyes, t 9, separated ; front ocellus further from the other
TWO SS aaah alas lpi al es OEM eae mer oo te uae labats ual Oe Means Se Ute

The assignment of the species in the following table is based almost
entirely on their descriptions, and hence can not be relied upon with
absolute certainty. Many species are known from one sex alone, many
are poorly described, and as we know that there is great variability in
colour in some of the species, it seems certain that the species are less
numerous than their descriptions. All the species that have been recorded
as from North America are included in the table. To the future student
who has a sufficiently large collection is left the task of solving the
synonymy. .

Abdomen petiolate ; eyes of male contiguous or nearly so ; ocelli equidis-

tant (A/acrosargus, Bigot).. ey, . é Sip tenes
Abdomen not clavate; eyes Senerallee scoardtek anal fret nace gener-
ally further from the othepwieel os acca sik sean ee eee Ele

2. Thorax reddish, more or less metallic posteriorly ...........1...3.
Thorax completely metallic green ..... dis eGo Savte sbaceds apache ot Seats

3., Abdomen dark green’; antennz black..5%.. ai.c%aa + eal linearis, Loew.
Abdomen reddish, with four black fascie.....smaragdiferous, Bigot.

4. Abdomen entirely metallic, cupreous.......... ays dale sence tae

Abdomen with the second segment yellow.... aueeetes Macatne
5- Scutellum Aa el with red; face more or less black pilose (fi/zformis;

Gilio Tos).. whe an SAR agen Brows Silnces bye eageeerce at eae hea Cee nee aT
Scutellum hong green or ete: BION, <4 ee, esta ah eA ae

6. Wings :blackislys.. {0's sj..s cc as se fies oes che a c¥my ates MELO UB LIL Soe ON
Wings at most brown. . i sigh ie ¢ Mince A avaln @leeabutat sien ene me epee
7. Abdomen black with Heat lustre Sorter ctade > .....¢clavis, Williston.
Abdomen eupreous with sreen lustre 3 455%). a oee Se, ie ects a ers
Abdomen ae Su at base, aeneous at tip ..........aureus, Bellardi.

*(Of the species in Osten Sacken’s | Catalogue, Sargus trivittatus, Say, and S.
subtrterruplus, Bellardi, belong here. )

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17

10.

US

12.

13.

ns:

16,

V7:

18.

1g.

20.

21.

24.

Pie eltelce re heed uc cae eee oe Rails» es etme, Walker.
AMES RIS RoE Ns a POA Me ease acre ec mea aaah < Sela ss Mheoiid oo 2 6 sts «Qs
Mesonotum with a white spot...sp. innom., Osten Sacken, Williston.
Mesonotum not marked with a white spot ....................10,
Pietra ereen vertical triangle loneer. 56.204). cee Zucens, Loew.
Pleura yellow ; vertical triangle shorter ......../ateralis, Macquart.
Legs black, at least the hind femora more or less black ........ 26.
Legs largely yellow ; at most the hind eo with brown markings. .12.
Abdomen unicolored, not fasciate . “13%
Abdomen purple with yellow fasche Panne ta ders secu 2 Ge
Abdomen reddish or yellowish, at least at + base, sometimes with more
OFdeSs CUPTEOUS TINGE. sci. ices secre ed eats Bt KA:
Abdomen black, green, violet, or cupreous, not light edtoured. S07
Pleura yellow, eyes of male contiguous.............edegaus, Ldew.
Pleura black or concolorous with the dorsum ................. Tee
Ace MUON TECGISM YEHOW! vo uta ne SiS % wees Sa gees vcele ee se 16.
Face and front metallic green ; wings Hiya ; length
SS MMDIMN Pee lalate dene cs eearecansss ates 2 Reh teins os bicolor, Wiedemann.
Abdominal segments with lateral triangles ; wings light brown (not
AG HLED ETL SAY YE tents OR o o5 pro cce noe KONO tee sae ar oo) achat ok pallipes, Bigot.
Abdomen aeneous at the tip ; wings hyaline ........ debilis, Walker.
Plenra-yellowswholly or parthy)c.. .. p56 2. sass aye sig enge s e e asie o w TO
Plenum biaek.or dank metalligg. <2...°.0' Rel. agin dak Na ea a 20.
Legs varied with brown ; stigma blackish..............4..0245 1g.
Legs completely yellow: stigma fuscous ......... pleuriticus, Loew.
Thoxax blue-green; length 7 mm. . 4540.) . ceruleifrons, Johnson.
Thorax violet ; length about 16 mm..............splendens, Bigot.
Front testaceous ; scutellum margined with yellow .............21.
Front metallic, except sometimes for two white spots .......... nee
Abdomen blue; veins yellow ... .............versicolor, Bellardi.
Abdomen green ; ves dark... .0.0..055....5....0agosus, Walker.
Face yellow ; thorax violet..................+..sapphireus, Bigot.
Face black ; thorax green. Cee 4 Hee Ree apa
. Eyes of male contiguous; oe Riis OLnL: Beeches ath ad peed
STOW 515 xia ies ‘ Sp yatta . Lexanus, sp. nov.
Normal Sargus-species ; cicloniel sient iy age te suns BBs

Sargus decorus, Say.
abdomen green .,......- eres veut cree ens on punttifer, Bigot.

18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

abdomen cupreous:.))36 Vee pease ae ew Gee pla reunions! Iiept.
xanthopus, Wiedemann.

abdomen spice ous 16 oesj hotties hae Soh mich eit NAC COOMIAG RELY:

25, Hind legs varied with brown ,,..............stamineus, Fabricius.
Tip of hind ‘tarsi only ‘brow 27 282)... seo Se oe ve eCOLORa) LOEW.

26. Thorax and abdomen violet green, concolorous. seach eae mee
Thorax violet or green, abdomen not eee tear a ei 28,

Thorax red above, scutellum dark; abdomen relies at Piase, fee legs

pale =: aye . .concinnus, Osten Sacken.
27. Legs entirely Hie antennee apace Das Bigot). viridis, Say.
Legs in part yellow ; antenne yellow... ..zgrifemoratus, Macquart.

28. Wings with a brown cloud at middle (zbeculosus,
Zetterstedt) ties 5 oo yt se tee os a CLAMS, Malamelis.
Wings uniformly yellowish ; front legs pales... .. . 23 3. ea 20:
29, Abdomen tmiformly-imetallies: oie icc cence... shan - 30.
Abdomen with a white vitta’ .0....0...5. .-. Sailer Pollan
30, Abdomen) cupreous/ViGleb. cue, agen nies TN peclonuk Macquart.

Abdomen aeneous .. .Jatus, Bellardi.

Of these species the palsminee are not Eiiceal in Ooen Sacken’s Cata-
logue:
splendens, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), ix., p. 224. 1879. Mex.
nigribarbis, Bigot, ibid., p. 224. Cal. (=véiridis, Say.)
clavis, Williston, Can. ENT., xvil., p. 123. 1885. Va., N. C.
punctifer, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (6), vii, p. 27. 1887. Col.
picticornis, Bigot, ibid., p. 27. Wash.
pallipes, Bigot, ibid., p. 28, Oregon.
sapphireus, Bigot, ibid., p. 28, Cuba.
concinnus, Osten Sacken, Biologia Centr.-Amer. Dipt.
sp. innominata, Osten Sacken, ibid., p. 23. Mex.

Williston, ibid., Suppl., p. 231.
jfiliformis, Gilio Tos, Bull. Mus. Zool. Torin. 1891, No. 102. Mex.
(= cesius, Bell.)
sp. innominata, Townsend, Ann. N. Hist., xix., p. 18. 1897. Mex.
cestus, Bellardi, Williston, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Dipt. Suppl., p. 232.
ceruleifrons, Johnson, Ent. News, Phila., x1, p. 325. New Jersey.
cuprarius, Linn, etc. A common European species.
coarctatus, Macq., etc. A Brazilian species, taken also in Mexico.
Texanus, sp., nov. Described herewith.
Notes on the distribution of the specimens of Sargzs studied.

1. ducens, Loew. Several specimens from Hayti,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19

2. cuprarius, Linn. ‘This is the species known as neveculosus, Zett., in
collections. Not rare. Woods Hole, Mass. (July); Newark, N. J.
(June) ; Penn.; Chicago, Ill. (June-July).

decorus, Say. Kiamesha, N. Y. (June); New Bedford, Mass. (May) ;
Phila., Penn. ; Ontario ; Algonquin and Chicago, Ill. ; Austin, Tex.; -
Vancouver Island. June and July.

4. viridis, Say. Mich.; London, Ontario; Chicago, IIl.; Denver, Col.
May and June.

elegans, Loew. Opelousas, La. May and June.

Texanus, sp. nov.

2

aur

Male: Eyes contiguous, subcontiguous in front of the antenna; front
and face black; antenne reddish, the style black ; proboscis yellow ;
ocelli equidistant, ocellar triangle metallic black, with fulvous pile.
Thorax polished green, scutellum and metathorax somewhat more bluish ;
pile of thorax fulvous, erect, appearing dense when viewed from the side;
humeri and a line to the root of the wing yellow; pleura black. Abdomen
metallic green, with erect fulvous pile, sexual organs testaceous ; venter
piceous, becoming metallic posteriorly. Legs, including coxee, completely
yellow. Halteres yellow. Wings lutescent, veins yellow. Length, 6 mm.

Female: Front and vertex green, their sides parallel, medially
bisected by a fine impressed line, which also separates the transversely
lunate frontal white spots. Between the antenne and the frontal marks
the ground colour is piceous. Otherwise as in the male.

Described from two males and one female collected by the writer at
Austin, Texas, one bearing the date of April 28, 1900.

Although not a typical Savgws, this species is placed in this genus, as
it is closely related to e/egans, Loew. From e/egans it may be distin-
guished by the shorter contiguity of the male eyes (in e/egaus the eyes are
contiguous up to the ocellar triangle), by the lack of frontal spots in the
male, the wholly green thorax and the black pleura.

PTECTICUS.

The two species occurring in the United States may be separated as
follows :
Front black above ; hind metatarsi black, remainder of hind tarsi

Winter. tieee os Deore, Maal ed avian te beg DO ACRENTLE NVALIStOn.
Front wholly yellow ; hind tarsi brown................¢vivitlatus, Say.
P. trivittatus, Say. (P. similis, Will.).

A single female from Pennsylvania,

20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

HERMETIA.
1. Af. tllucens, Linn.

Not rare at Austin, Texas, during the whole year, The species seems
to have a predilection for fences and sidewalks, where they can be picked
up with the fingers, showing no desire for flight.

2. H. aurata, Bellardi.

Austin, Texas. April-May,

: OXYCERA.

1. O. maculata, Oliv.

Opelousas, La. (May-June) ; Toronto, Ontario.
2. O. unifasciata, Loew.

Boykins, Va. (June) ; McHenry, IIl.

EUPARYPHUS.

£. tetraspilus, Loew.

McHenry, Ill. June.
NEMOTELUS.

Vhe genus /Vemotecus has been reviewed in the current number of

Psyche, where five new species are described from my collection.
MyYxXoOSARGUS.
M. fasciatus, Brauer.

Several specimens, all males, of this dainty little species were taken
running about on the large leaves of Elephant’s-ear growing along the
Comal River, New Braunfels, Texas. May.

STRATIOMYIA.

Owing to the absence in Florida of Mr. C. W. Johnson at the time of
publication, the analytical keys of Odontomyia and Stratiomyia in the
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. (1895) are full of typographical errors. Every
student of this paper has been perplexed as to the meaning of the strange
méiange. The following table is a transcription of the key published on
page 230 of Mr. Johnson’s paper :

Head ¢ ? narrower than the thorax.. oo IR oe tet ee
Head ¢ ? much wider than the iNoeae shied seaticeied joint flat . 7s
2, lyes ¢ 9 sslabrousiac pie, Seamer coun hati ee ae Sees
Kyes.¢ wubeseent sic ti chit aie cn, atk s seme ee 16.

3. Occiput of both sexes: largely yeHow............ 000.0 1e oe de
Occiput black, sometimes yellow beneath......................8.

4. Antenne normally long............ CR Aig Sake SSE AOR hors

Antenne noticeably shorter than in th e Grlata Sew). Fuse Sein rk

5.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21

Abdominal spots usually connected on the fourth segment of the
male, and always connected on the fourth and usually on the third
of theremale .i4/445 die: Be Spy hc EIS, cL aeeat Os

Abdominal spots never cranecteal on ie pee segment of the ¢,
amd, zarely connected in the 2 ......:..........+..barbata, Loew.

. Fifth segment with a large keystone-shaped marking. me/anostoma, Vw.

Fifth segment with a dorsal line and spot at the anterior
BMI roa Gk telsien is acne Dares A eu. x udedapeuters, Lw.
Abdomen: lateral triangular markings on the second and third seg-
ments, widely connected on the lateral margin... Brwnzer7, Johns.
Abdomen: lateral subtriangular markings on the second and third

segments not connect.el at the lateral margins ....../aticeps, Lw.
8. Scutellum normally yellow, or with base narrowly black..........9.
Scutellum black, or with narrow apical margin yellow.... ......12.
g. Second segment with lateral triangles ; wings infumated ........ ro.
Second segment with narrow lateral markings ; wings usually
LATIN HEI oats ts tah eudtens, «Hea souk Seenmnsb saan ein wee TA Nee SRRGRCG, LEaT;
10. Posterior margin of fourth segment yellow, with median triangular
projection << .)s:--). é : ished .unilimbata, Lw.
Yellow on Waster margin Pa font sceviont sucheinina sSy angle
11. Fourth segment with a small dorsal triangle ; vertex of ¢
black.. ait. : de .normula, Lw.
Fourth and ‘fifth. citenis ith calli ae eiennlese vertex of @
HisUled liveVClLONN str reel et «Ais ame ateleoet sl Cree seta Seca norma, Wied.
12. Abdomen with yellow markings. SR tie MER ecu aE Se
Abdomen wholly black f (2 mEmOWA) 1 ejaie chehei AVEDA, Big.
13. Abdominal markings linear....... Puieg vega
Abdominal markings eae peal foun a ane alee yellow spot at the
anterior corners of the abdomen ...... maces elit ong od tare
14. Fifth segment with a dorsal line ; lateral indneneete on the segments of
the @ very narrow. neue BSat aes .. Meigenii, Wied.
Fifth segment with a dorsal (eee ; cen series on the seg-
ments of the J @ prominent . Set shan he MED OCHE Ms LW
15. Pile of the thorax unusually long aud aeaee: piome ae third and
fourth segments very convex. sx PEER ne Sey BOSC RLES LW

Pile on the thorax normal ; andeen narrow, and hiv and fourth
segments noticeably convex .................guaternaria, Lw.

tN

G2

9:

Io.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

. Face of @ yellow, ¢ black ; abdomen with a wide maculated or

indented lateral mare's ‘anidbless +. .misieee ne: maculosa, Lw.
Face of ¢ @ yellow, with a longitudinal line of black ; abdominal
markings transverse, the same in both sexes ; eyes of ?

SIADLOUS os wy. oon 2 \elovm esse taene rlahe ebnleaataNe Sap itty ele RU RCECAES yO ACER
. Abdomen: bands on the second segment interrupted, the third and
fourth contiguous....... ofetat as Meckateyenigens
Abdomen : fourth and fifth Seginents only mith ide allow
bands . 5 sifeian RABID cope Rn Nes AS Na PROPS, SE ey eae ty IRAE CIC Ve LI
. Scutellum ¢ black . BENGE Se IGG, gic) wel hip pena ONE. tea e Nae ee
Scutellum ¢ Penaieh Spee el i Clie eee aacomerans. Mane
Abdomen: bands on the second and third segments
CONCIEMOMISIER thik eRe te eh ook ets OCs Gerstacker?, Bell.

Abdomen : second segment with two large spots . .. maculata, Bell.

List of species of Stratiomyza studied.

. S. melanostoma, Lw.

McHenry, Ill. July.
S. dativentris, Loew.
Chicago, Ill. (July) ; Canada.
S. normula, Loew.
Chicago, Ill. (May) ; Colorado.
S. norma, Wiedemann.
Indiana ; McHenry, Ill. (June).
S. unilimbata., ae
McHenry, Ill. (July); Milwaukee, Wisc. (June); Berkeley, Col.
(May).
S. Meigeniit, Wiedemann.
Chicago, Ill.; Austin, Texas ; S. Dakota.
S. apicula, Loew.
Algonquin, Ill. (June) ; Austin, Texas (April).

. 5. discalis, Loew.

Chicago, Ill. May.
S. badius, Walker.
McHenry, Ill. June and July.
S. constans, Loew.
Austin, Texas. April to October. Common.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ze

ODONTOMYIA.

The puzzling key to the species of Odontomyia, given in the Transac-
tions of the American Entomological Society, 1895, pp. 250-251, was
printed without Mr. Johnson’s supervision, and contains numerous mis-
takes in typography. ‘The student attempting to use the key is misled to
a blind ending in four places. ‘The dichotomy is given corrected here-
with. In addition to the species listed by Mr. Johnson, the Supplement
of the Biologia Centrali-Americana contains three recent species from
Mexico.

Mimnioncritudinal Verne branched ovo. 565 vee ss yao oigslde sb eee

Miceple nets ina MVEIMASIMPLE®. ihr) 4.06. yee +p, Seeds oS pe tree baie BG

2. Abdomen largely green or yellow.. ses agree ic heen 3

Abdomen largely black, the markings eerste vel narrow ..... 10.

3. Sides of dorsulum of thorax yellow or green. 4

Worsumoh chorax: WitOblys black si. sieves ot dase & Gag voce tileiet a bane Be

4. Abdominal markings # @ dissimilar; markings of ¢ confluent

laterally . Beye Bate itis sacle ous pa homely a Aen e

Abdominal searkinns 3 9 alan parted. Rea aheNs eee pala

5. Disc of thorax usually with two irregular nurs: helt Se OLMOLALA,, laws

DICE OlUnOtaX, WIthOUb MATKS a0 t).). othe ests va shah hu oeateupc actos» O:

Ga opines of seutellimy blunt 1/3)... (sees se cs oe oo waripes, LW.

Spines of scutellum ther Sm Ri » eigie5 COreais. Rell:

7. Abdominal markings ea naulae atienuated: aaa reaching the lateral

MANGES! Sealer eS: : 8 .cincta, Oliv.

Abdominal markings angular, not nb reaches the: brea

margins . aoe agata weit else ans)» COP SALES main

8. Abdomen 2 aie transverse shades e sith only infers markings at

posterior dangles)-.....- ..... ne ; Dal andl oh eMC GILaLES,. TW

Abdomen @ with transverse bande’ sere ith dorsal line. eS ee
Abdomen 4 @? similar, with basal eaateuae spot and transverse

bands. w poey sth acai sia lg Meas aie chet eed Sab rae RULPEDES: EVO

g. Scutellum snd spines palions ator cimeiiy olttaahlea scene he Wists MMOL L NA EW

SeutellumeandyspinessbIACK «. iy 2c ee ee oe ne EU, SAY.

ro. Scutellum more or less yellowish, without Ne Bere ve ahr fs ae IG Be

Scutellum black, with spines. ie Saute Bante odo

11. Scutellum wholly black ; bisck ‘of hes vertex nee s not euena over the

vertical angle. . Were ae Ar . fallax, Johns.

Scutellum, base place pigtle of ae vertex Senda over the vertical
angle: proboscis raneer: Eras ameaeaehe ed Pela ks RELOPULOSET TS.) LW,

12.

T 4.

Ly.

16.

18.

19.

20.

21.

Bi

2,

26.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

Wings: very dark brown, face produced ...........#igerrima, Lw.
Wings : veins reddish, face rounded, front broad ......fz/osus, Day.
. First antennal joint less than twice the length of the second......14.
First antennal joint twice the length of the third or Heo een wereder
Seuteltimrlarrely yellOwislinastes.a- et: Aare eee E53
Scutellum black or marked with yellow................. 1S.
Pleura ¢ yellow; thorax 9 with yellow vitte.... .¢r ‘otttata: ‘Bay:
Pleura “black ; “thorax 9 “net -vittate" 2. 44. LAER aah ee pe eee 16.
Abdomen wholly greeny. 206.0. a ee hn te LORIE TEL HOES:
Abdomen with black markssy. 22.722... ee aay
AMntennde, iront and vertex wed, tsk ee 4 Wivalssoniie Toes
Antenne, front and vertex black... .. 2... . 9a. . SWErLeOrala, SAY.
Scutellum laterally green. Siete Wipiehns te pee 4 wie le Of CR ESCCRILEE ORNS
Scutellum apically green. ae . ae .19.
Abdomen ¢ 2 with wide ‘dorsal The Heualiye narrower in ie than in
Do aoa Mea ida Go Pea: Ape ota ana enka ne RE SLR ee TSP Sa nee
Abdomen 9 black with transverse markings, ¢ with dorsal
THERA AS He Nae Veneta kami cc mes aaeNENE RSC a ne ae ..interrupta, Oliv.
Abdomen 2 9 with transverse or path titay narlines aS ieee eee
Third antennal joint sharply pointed ; front yellow.............2U.
Third antennal joint bluntly pointed ; front shining black........22.
Abdomen brown-black, with wide continuous lateral margin ;
scutelltm (2 yellow.) ..sc a. w+eee Microstoma, Lw.
Abdomen with irregular median black stripe“ ....pilimana, Lw.
. Pile of thorax whitish ; median black stripe of hace
straight , RES . Americana, Day.
Pile of thorax ‘yellow ; median black stripe ‘notched on the
SIMER isles , . virgo, Wied.
Femora yellow: ; abdominal marks ‘usually triangular. + pubescens Day.
Femora black ; abdominal marks transverse. . hoodiana, Big.
First and second joints of the antennz Blac ee aaa sean
First and’ second joints red) 32s... ocd hSrciiaecte alae eA auto Or
Front and vertex wide, lateral thoracic stripe
continuous. ses f Aweroglyphica, Oliv.
Front and vertex narrow . “Jateral thoracic stripe abbreviated
anteriorly... ... see eva win ahaye « NOMLZCES.© ROMMEIS:
Eyes pubescent ; “scutellum of o yellow. . a eae we.

Eyes glabrous ; scutellum black, with yellow margin. 1. occipitalis, Johns.

é Abdomen 3 broad, with narrow markings, pilose. . . obscura, Oliv.

Abdomen ¢ narrow, with wide markings, pubescent .favicornis, Ohiv,
(To be continued. )

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 53

NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN STRATIOMYID%.
BY A. L. MELANDER, CHICAGO.
(Continued from page 24.)
List of the species of Odontomyia studied.
1. O. binotata, Loew.
Chicago, Ill. (July); Austin, Tex. (May) ; Colo.
2. O. cincta, Olivier.
Chicago and Algonquin, Il. (June).
. O. dorsalis, Fabricius.
Hayti.
4. O. arcuata, Loew.
Chicago, Ill, (July) ; Colo.
. O. nigrirostris, Loew.
Chicago, Ill.; Austin, Tex.; Colo.; Lusk, Wyom. (August).
6. O. nigerrima, Loew.
Chicago, Ill. (May).
7. O. pilosus, Day.
Vancouver Isl. (June).
8. O. trivittata, Say.
Chicago, Ill. (July) ; Mexico.
9. O. vertebrata, Say.
Chicago, McHenry, Ill. (June, July).
10. O. hydroleonoides, Johnson.
McHenry, III. (June).
11. O. Aldrichi, Johnson.
Galveston, Tex. (June).
12. O. virgo, Wiedemann.
Virginia ; Maryland ; Toronto, Ont.; McHenry, Ill. (June, July).
13. O. pilimana, Loew.
McHenry, Chicago, Ill. (June, July).
14. O. microstoma, Loew.
Woods Hole, Mass. (July).
15. O. pubescens, Day.
Chicago, Ill. (May).
16. O. interrupta, Olivier.
Chicago, McHenry, Ill. (May, July),
17. O. hieroglyphica, Oliv.
Chicago, Ill. (August); Austin, Tex. (May).
18. O. flavicornis, Olivier.
Austin, Tex. (Apmil).

February, 1904.

Oo

cn

54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

In addition to the species here mentioned, there are three unde-
termined specimens. One of these represents an undescribed genus,
but is mutilated. The other two belong to Cyphomyia ; of these one is
from Austin, Texas, the only recorded instance of this genus being taken
within the United States. As the descriptidns of Cyphomyia are not
accessible to me, these species must be omitted.

CATOCALA: IN- DR. “HOLLAND'S MOTH BOOK

BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL.

Within the last few years three books have taken their place in the
scientific literature of this country that should make a great advance in the
study of natural history in our high schools. The first was “ The Butter-
fly Book,” by Dr. W. J. Holland; the second, ‘‘The Insect Book,” by Dr.
L. O. Howard, and the third, recently out, ‘‘The Moth Book,” by the
author of the first. The cheapness of these three volumes places them
within the means of any high school that makes any pretense to having a
reference library, while the excellent plates, photographed from the speci-
mens, make them of great value to the young who desire means for identi-
fying their captives.

Without taking further space to speak of the general merits of ‘The
Moth Book,” I wish to point out a few errors in the names of the plates of
Catocale. Plate 31, figure 14, is given as C. obscura, Strecker. This
is evidently C. residua, Grote. The fringes of the hind wings of C.
obscura are white, or white with only the fringe at the ends of the veins
black. In C. residua there is only a very little white at the apex of the
hind wings, as in this figure.

Plate 35, figure 13, is given as C. Stretchii, Behr. This is probably
C. Mariana,, Hy. Edw. I have bred C. Stretchiz from eggs, and find the
fore wings quite variable within certain bounds, but in none of them is
there the colouring of C. Afariana. The hind wings have two character-
istic marks ; the median band very narrow and terminating in a distinct
hook, and a patch of red at the apex outside the black band, but inside
the white fringe. Below the apex there are smaller red patches between
the black veins. The fringes are white except where the black of the
veins extends into the fringe.

I am glad to see C. amasia, A.-S., as figure 1, plate 35- I would
have furnished Dr. Holland with a specimen of its companion, C. Cordeéia,
Hy. Edw., having the same range of locality, if I nad known he desired it.

IS OF THE SAPROMYZIDAE

5 De

~ L F r o

Ԥ [Reprinted from Psyoue, Vol. XX, No. a

—

A SYNOPSIS OF THE SAPROMYZIDAE.!

By A. L. MELANpDER,
‘Pullman, Washington.

In the Genera Insectorum, Fascicle 68 (1908), Friedrich Hendel
has given an excellent review of the group Lauxaniine, generally
known to American entomologists as the Sapromyzidee. As this
work has introduced several changes in nomenclature differing
from the list of species as given in Aldrich’s Catalogue, and as there
has appeard no complete review of the North American species,
the following synopsis is offered. It may seem presumptuous to
publish this review, based as it is mainly on descriptions, for I
have in all but eighty species of the family in my collection for
reference, but the value of working tables in assisting future stu-
dents is obvious enough to excuse its appearance in print.

Naturally, the attempt to visualize a species from a brief de-
scription alone does not assure the most satisfactory results, so that
the following tables give largely an artificial classification. Such
attempts at reconstructing a mind-picture of the species have
proved especially unsatisfactory in the big group Lauxania, where
the assignment of the species to Minettia or to Sapromyza has some-
times been merely a guess.

I am indebted to my colleague and neighbor, Professor J. M.
Aldrich, for the inspiration that. prompted this review and for his
material assistance in sharing his library and collection during
its progress. His collection has extended the distribution of
many species, and in the following pages the localities of his species
are added with the designation “Aldrich.” Those localities
marked with the asterisk (*) are represented in my collection.

The North American species of Sapromyza have been twice
tabulated. In 1892 Mr. C. H. Tyler Townsend published a
“Preliminary Gfouping of Sapromyza”’ in the Canadian Entomolo-
gist, pages 301 to 304. The next year appeared “ El Género Sapro-

1Contribution from the Zoédlogical Laboratory of the State College of Washington.

58 Psyche [April

myza en América”’ by Felix Lynch Arribalzaga, in the Anales de
la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, xxxiv., pages 253 to 301.

The subgenus Sapromyza is our dominant group. The species
may sometimes be difficult to place correctly in a tabulation
since their yellow color may change at death. Where confusion was
most obvious the species have been several times included in the
key. Spottings of the abdominal segments may become vague
through a darkening of the general color. Again, there is some
variation in the extent of color markings; as, for example, univittata,

aveola, and vinnula, probably varieties of a single species, show
gradations in the extent of the mesonotal stripe, ete. Flavipennis
Fabricius, with bare arista, is not the same species as flavipennis
described by Wiedemann, although Wiedemann’s specimens came
from Fabricius’ collection.

The following description of a new genus of Sciomyzide is in-
cluded in this paper, since it deals with a species hitherto classed as
a Sapromyza.

PQ@CILOMYIA: A New Genus or Sciomyzipm. (Figs. 1 and 2.)

In a note in connection with the original description of Sapromyza
decora, Loew stated that the shape of the head and particularly
of the antennz was very much like that of certain Tetanoceras,
in view of which the species should be separated from Sapromyza
as a distinct genus. Not recalling this note when studying speci-
mens of decora I came independently to the same conclusion, and
coincidentally received a letter from Mr. C. W. Johnson conveying
the same suggestion.

Decora is an unusually distinct species, with its reticulate wings
and maculate body. It clearly is not a Sapromyzine because of
the following array of characters. These characters are invariably,
or at least usually, associated with the Tetanocerine Sciomyzidee
and are not at all, or at most very rarely, found in the Sapromyzide.

Front broadly convex, the periorbits separated from the unusually broad, shin-
ing, central part by a strong suture; face strongly concave, the oral margin project-
ing, but the clypeus (Chitinhufeisen) rudimentary; cheeks nearly as deep as the
eye-height; postvertical bristles divergent; second antennal joint elongate and
bristly; the third joint triangular, pointed, excised above; palpi long and linear;
thorax with a fine scabrous coating; prothoracic, mesopleural, and sterno-pleural
bristles all wanting; front femora without a series of bristles on posterior flexor
edge; middle tibiz without preapical spur but with apical crown of bristles; wings

with complete anal vein.
e

ae

1913] Melander—A Synopsis of the Sapromyzidae 59

The species is therefore certainly to be excluded from the Sapro-
myzide, and as there is no genus in the Sciomyzide to receive it,
I would propose for it the new generic name Pecilomyia.

A further characterization presents the following:

Head in profile a little higher than broad, the upper portion spherical; perior-
bits less than one-fourth the width of the interfrontalia (Mittelleiste), separated from
it by well-marked sutures which are parallel with the eye-margin on the front,
but converge at the vertex to meet the sutures of the epicephalon (cerebrale) of
the occiput. The interfrontalia is uniformly convex, glabrous, and highly polished,
is darker than the silky periorbits, and is marked with a translucent median stripe
extending forward from the anterior ocellus. The arms of the frontal suture (Stirn-
spalteniiste) continue weakly to the lower edge of the eye, but at the usual antennal
dark spot they send a suture across to the eye thus dividing the frontal from the
facial orbits (Wangendreieck). The lunula is completely covered. The face
(Gesichtsleiste) narrow but widening below, at its middle no wider than the sides
(Wangen), in profile consideribly concave, with oral margin projecting. Clypeus
(Schlundgeriist) entirely undeveloped. Palpi linear, porrect, extending beyond
oral margin, hairy beneath. Cheeks (Backen) one-half the eye-height, hairy,
rounding into the sides of the face (ohne Vibrisseneck). Paracephala (Hinter-
hauptsorbiten) loosely setose; a closely setulose patch above the neck. Eyes
rounded, but obliquely longer than wide. First joint of antennz small, nearly
bare, immersed in its socket; second joint conical, with the upper inner side pro-
jecting most, the outer side about one-half the length of the third joint, the inner
side subequal to this joint, setose, except the outside, and with three long bristles
on the upper edge; third joint pomted, somewhat excised above, uniformly fine-
hairy; the dark arista rather loosely and evenly plumose above and below; the whole
antenna no longer than eye-breadth, with the arista shorter than the last two joints.
The bristles of the head are long and strong and include: a pair of diverging post-
verticals, a convergent inner and a divergent outer vertical, 2 reclinate fronto-
orbitals and a stout pair of proclinate ocellar bristles. The lesser ocellars are very
small. The orbital bristles arise from dark-colored papille. The chetotaxy of
the thorax is as follows: 1 humeral, 0 posthumeral, 2 notopleural, 1 presutural, 3
dorsocentral, 1 pair prescutellar, 2 pair convergent scutellar, 1 supraalar, and 2
approximate postalar bristles; no prothoracic or pleural bristles, except a couple
(Vallarborsten) on the pteropleural ridge just under the calypter. Meso-, ptero-,
and sternopleure with scattered fine hairs, the last with a bristle in the angle below.
Calypteres pale yellow, with pale fringe. Front femora with several bristles in
extensor row, hind femora © biseriately spinose beneath; front and hind tibize with
preapical bristle, middle tibize with usual ending of bristles. Last two segments
of abdomen with long submarginal bristles; hypopygium globose. Wings reticulate
with alternating light and dark spots, costal margin unbroken; first vein ending
midway between tip of auxiliary vein and the anterior cross vein; veins not sinuate,
third and fourth veins subparallel; anal vein complete.

Type: Sapromyza decora Loew.
Of the eighteen genera cf Sciomyzidz before me the new genus

60 Psyche [April

bears most resemblance to Trypetoptera Hendel, but presents these
differences: first vein ending far before the anterior cross vein;
meso-. and pteropleurze with very fine hairs which are scarcely
bristle-like; second antennal joint obconical and not rounded;
calypteres pale; fronto-orbital sutures distinct, in Trypetoptera
the periorbits are not differentiated; three dorsocentral bristles.
None of the other genera, except Coremacera Rondani, have the
periorbits so definitely separated from the interfrontalia. The
presence of three dorsocentrals and of a convex and broad middle
portion of the front are unusual characters in the Sciomyzide.

Table of Genera.

1. Tibiae with evident preapical bristle; two fronto-orbital bristles; postvertical
bristles convergent; ovipositor not specialized, with two small lamell
(Subfamily Latixamimiee) ij. = 0.82565 see eee ee Ce ee eR eee 2

Tibiz without preapical bristle; front with only the upper orbital bristle;
postvertical bristles divergent; ovipositor flattened, with chitinous tube-like

ending! (Subfamily, Wonchzine). seine see eee ee eee 13

9. Hace swollen,,in profile'convex... 115 do oe eee eee ee eee eee eee 3
Face flat, without convexity in the middle, in profile a straight line.......... i

3. Third anntenal joint greatly lengthened, pointed or slender and linear........ 4
Third antennal joint shortened and oval, first joint shorter than second....... 6

4. Two sternopleural bristles; both fronto-orbital bristles reclinate; face not
strongly gibbouss | (Pig. 10:)o2 ocean es tie ee Lauxania Latreille.

One sternopleural; anterior pair of fronto-orbitals convergent; face markedly
BUD DOUS 15 sic edieile cei wanes cs oud s econ sey si eee ele RSE eke Bene eR Ieee SnD

5. Head higher than long, oeciput and front concave; the line connecting the
fronto-orbitals converging in front, lower orbital bristle strongly inclined;
facial groove nearly touching lower angle of eye, extending back under the
eye so that the face is strongly developed underneath as well as in front;
ocellimotielevated=s(HigaG)) pseeerreee eee Physogenia Macquart.

Head more globular, the front convex; fronto-orbital bristles in parallel rows;
facial groove parallel with margin of eye, continuing obliquely downward
leaving the cheeks free, the face in front of and not beneath this line; ocellar
triangle somewhat raised. (Fig. 7.).............. Pachycerina Macquart.

6. Face with a transverse groove above the mouth, or with lateral vestiges of a
groove, the oral margin projecting more or less in front of this groove; arista
Sometimes pubescent. ml Ghig 25) neni eee ee Caliope Haliday.

Face swollen, with or without a transverse groove above the mouth, but the
oral margin retracted beneath or behind this groove; arista plumose. (Fig.
T)). co: Ae ee Or ee eee eee titan Xangelina Walker.

7. In profile the angle formed by the front and face acute, less than 90 degrees;
front less inclined than the face, so that the mouth opening is strongly re-
PACH sac asa eo cor a See Si orl Pe ee ee eae 8

nt

‘~

1913] Melander—A Synopsis of the Sapromyzidae 61

Angle of front and face obtuse, the front more inclined than the face, the mouth
Opens uPECIOne NOL TEtTAGlede yey ire Sehcc ln slapersie se oie ck eye oS ae sans vas 9

8. Posterior cross-vein in middle of wing; third vein sinuous. (Fig. 4.)
PEST EVER PTS oh heh RL WERT Le cts tofts abe nele area. ions ay aie shee Procrita Hendel.
Posterior cross-vein beyond the middle of wing; third vein straight; eyes

horizontally ovals (CHIBI8.)\. 52 eel 22s fee 6 Trigonometopus Macquart.

Ow Bothehronto-orpitalabristlesireclimate secs -ea t-te ie tele cepts cleo cris «« 10
Anterior pair of fronto-orbitals extending inwards and forwards; 1 sternopleural;
third joint of antennz elongate. (Fig. 9.)....... Camptoprosopella Hendel.

10. Front forming no evident angle with the face; head higher than long; fourth
vein bowed forward at tip of wing, narrowing the first posterior cell. (Fig. 5.)
hie NGL ALG DA ABE Ota SRT Cee eT Sone ater aerate Griphoneura Schiner.

Front and face forming an evident though rounded and obtuse angle; head as

LOTIeeA SH ic Peewee tear he ys ee ered cecil chien tiekes eat cnes COAG ose st lets sroseis 11

11. Orbital bristles arising from tubercles; wings rather slender basally. (Fig. 3.)
EE Pere oe che eine (aoe Te inareicien ner oe Cheetoceelia Giglio-Tos.
Orbits without tubercles; wings not narrowed on basal half................ 12

12. Thorax opaque or sub-opaque, ground color usually dark, ocellar bristles
usually large and spaced far apart near the front ocellus, behind the ocellars
typically one or two pairs of outwardly diverging small bristles; arista usually
plumose and at the same time the scutellar bristles usually cruciate; front
often relatively broad; wings rarely pictured; hind tibie often marked with a
fossa errr eee (Bi ee U4) ie rates otters Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy.

Thorax shining or but slightly pollinose, its ground color usually yellow; ocellar
bristles usually small and placed close together behind the front ocellus, the
other bristles rarely present; arista often pubescent and scutellar bristles
generally parallel or diverging; convergent scutellar bristles typically not
occurring with a plumose arista; front usually narrower; wings often pictured;
hindeshibice erarelyarannulate: | (Bigs) 13.) eee cess: Sapromyza Fallen

13. Metallic black species; front rather narrow; two dorsocentral bristles. (Fig. 15.)
Vas Gig else cat eae NATE CAR ee ae Lonchea Fallen.

Yellow, largely yellowish, or cinereous species, not metallic: front broad; four
dorsocentralssem (Ries yl G—2il) ese smine se einrie seeder see: Palloptera Fallen,

Lauxania Latreille, sensu lato.

Including Lauxania s. str., Caliope Haliday, Yangelina Walker, Minettia Robineau-
Desvoidy, and Sapromyza Fallen.

1. Dorsum of thorax black or blackish in ground color, overlaid or not with polli-
nose coating; wings never pictured (except sometimes extreme base of cross-

VEINS HIMISCATEC) Reemen sper ere meer tac estat cis eases ae a casos eat ote oct declare 2
Mesonotum yellow, testaceous, reddish, or brown, not black in ground color,
except rarely a median dark vitta; wings often pictured.................. 45

2. Third antennal joint linear, elongate, cylindrical, the first joint as long as or
longer than the second; center of face protuberant; facial orbits white prui-
HOSEN PAIECONAASCNSUISULICLO) fear citi since ae cae ee cc olisic oi oeeiatel bese Riasone 3

10.

Psyche [April

Third antennal joint ovate or oblong-ovate, not more than four times as long
as broad, the first joint shorter than the second; center of face gibbose
(Caliope and Xangelina) or not (Sapromyza and Minettia)............+. 10

. Wings short and broad, brown; second vein arched forward; scutellunr long and

flat; four rows of acrostichals, the middle rows very indefinate; arista plumose.
GNJE Blas -Aldrich:(Ga) pases eer Lauxania latipennis Coquillett.
Wings not abnormally broad and short, the submarginal cell not broadened
at the expense of the marginal; scutellum shorter. ..................0005. =

. Knob of halteres black; calypteres and fringe dark; base of wings darker than

remainder; arista short-plumose; front legs black, the posterior tibize and

faTSE DLOWMs tiic Jeo Pec ehcte SO a ecatelare aie enon vee IST eet ATT eel eaten reretoear 5
Halteres yellow or white; calypteres rarely dark; wings not blackened at base;
BriSta; WHIGE A: Seiscehei dw Sah QIU wee woe acre e rea eres RES ee Senta ORR at oR of

. Scutellum convex; body and head polished; periorbits broad, cceruleous, the

median vitta of front shining black. Eur.*, N. Scot., Mass.*, N. Y.*,
(N. J., Pa., Mich., Wisc. Aldrich), Ga., N. Mex., Queb.*, OnteeybeaG
Alaske*®,: (Rigi 10))\ 2.26 ween eens Lauxania cylindricornis Fabricius.
Scutellum flat, white pollinose; mesonotum white pollinose except a narrow
median stripe and the sides broadly; pleuree with two white pollinose spots. .6

. Face completely white pollinose; front opaque with the sides white pollinose,

a lateral vitta cinereous and the median vitta black; arista dark except base.
Blas Ne Si. 26.2 ie ce Ren hd Seine eee tei ree eee eee Lauxania opaca Loew.
Face with a middle line and lateral vittze more or less white-pollinose, otherwise
shining; front shining black except the narrow orbits, but viewed from above
showing a black median vitta and lateral black spots circumscribed with
white pollen; arista pale. (facialis Coquillett) Fla., Ga.*, La.*; Tenn.

Mdaich 3). ols 3. ae8y Se ee Utne sens ae Lauxania trivittata Loew.
. Arista densely pubescent with appressed white hairs; front shining black... . .8
Arista loosely plumose; center of front opaque black; legs largely whitish... .. 9

. Mesonotum and scutellum whitish pruinose; front tibiz and tarsi black;

front femora and posterior legs brownish; lunule red; 3 dorsocentrals, 4

acrostichal rows. Ariz.; Mono Lake, Cal. Aldrich.

BES PO tot cen cit ciicrot nhac ok Lauxania nigrimanus Coquillett.
Head, thorax and abdomen shining, with slight coppery tinge; legs brownish

but the posterior femora largely black; 4 dorsocentrals, 2 acrostichal rows.

Cale aS: Mane eee eee Lauxania albiseta Coquillett.

. Scutellum velvety black except at base; legs whitish, the coxee and femora black;

wings yellowish. N. J., Pa., Ga.; Kans., Tenn. Aldrich.

b diave ahs, o's win bey dte Cee Ske is eee ete ae ee ee Lauxania femoralis Loew.
Scutellum shining, lightly white pollinose; front legs o” black from end of femora

to tip of metatarsi, remainder of front tarsi white; costal part of wings yel-

lowish, apex and posterior part infuscated. Pa.

3 <b 2 RRR Se eee cathe Ore peeees eer aeteetne Lauxania manuleata Loew.
Face more or less protuberant in center, in part at least polished, although some-

times with oral, orbital or subantennal pruinose markings; halteres yellow. .11
Face flat or concave, wholly silvery, white, yellow or gray pruinose, or other-

wise marked with pollen, not polished; halteres sometimes black.......... 24

a

1913] Melander—A Synopsis of the Sapromyzidae 63

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19:

20.

21.

22.

Antennal arista bare or microscopically pubescent; wings nearly hyaline..... 12
Antennal arista moderately or long plumose, or with dense pubescence; front

not yellow, except sometimes a spot on lunule; wings yellowish. ........... 16
Front not vittate; insect entirely black, except halteres and wings. Cal.*

Gg Meare eN HTS Aye TERE tat A ciate hate ares aes Caliope nigerrima sp. nov.

Bronbavittabexwabhened dis heisreg entation c sie vale cr sheen weiclsi sce bliste ts stow aces 13
en dilameel ys yeMawiON LEG) cx qvaxa osu Same Nee oie Sale be ds ee h es. 14
Head black, the front anteriorly and the face in part yellowish.............. 15

Very robust, cheeks broad; head reddish except for an occipital fascia, three
frontal vittee, the middle one triangular, and six facial spots; scutellum and
base of abdomen reddish; legs reddish, femora in part black; thorax polli-
nose; third antennal joint elongate; 3 dorsocentrals, 2 sternopleurals; scutel-
lars strongly diverging. Tex.; Miss. Aldrich.....Minettia eucephala Loew.

Head yellow, the ocellar region and short lateral vitte black; third antennal
joint ovate; legs blackish, the knees and end of tibiz tipped with yellow;

Ulgr ase Ss uurtrea cre Oa a epneera she dae 34 els wiedtbr a ad Caliope flaviceps Loew.
Third antennal joint less than twice as long as wide; legs yellow except base of
femora; 4 dorsocentrals. Tex.*, Ariz.......... Caliope variceps Coquillett.

Third antennal joint over three times as long as wide; legs black, the knees and
posterior tibize and tarsi yellow; 3 dorsocentrals. Ariz., N. M.
pep pee al ans chess dees a an Mido ads canis Caliope longicornis Coquillett.

Seutellum flat and velvety black; legs whitish, the femora black............ 17
Scutelimeconvexandinotayelvety-miceces tec sertcies) setts Srereisete ern 18
Scutellum entirely velutinous; center of front shining, laterally with a bisected

dead-black spot. Tex.*; Kans. Aldrich..... Caliope signatifrons Coquillett.
Scutellum subshining at base; front opaque black above the antenne, laterally
shining; arista very long-plumose. Mass., Pa.*, N. J. (Fig. 12.)

PRM e NE rr J PTE PIN Nei sg ov ie Sean tenes Rin atandy SatoORE Caliope gracilipes Loew.
Beontati byes lareelya blackish rseycvey tit ors lesz) eater Sakae ree) efokate) storeys miele sicher tuato = 19
Front legs including coxe yellow; arista short-plumose, white, the base yellow-

ish; face strongly gibbous. Cal.*............ Lauxania albiseta Coquillett.

Thorax and scutellum white pruinose; front tibiee and tarsi black, contrasting
with remainder of legs; arista densely white-pilose. Ariz., Cal.

Rr Prey ERR Noe old ck toed shar ahstet al sraceer Lauxania nigrimanus Coquillet.
Thorax and scutellum shining, not or scarcely pruinose; arista dark........ 20
Thorax with slight metallic tinge; pleurze sometimes more or less brownish

(compare species Gh altemate also))\s 5.1). si oeicomcres es eaalde tees o's 21
Thorax polished blaelk,, but scarcely metallic... sc: scre arene cares ve vee es 22
Thorax ceruleous, becoming reddish in back and on sides; pleuree brownish;

femora and tibiz brownish, base of tarsi whitish. Mex., S. Am.

SA se Ps aor ip ened eleven Caliope? flavipennis Fabricius, Wiedemann,
Thorax chalybeous, pleurze sometimes brownish in part; legs black, the tibiz

and tarsi yellow; 2 dorsocentrals, acrostichals numerous; third antennal

joint oblate-ovate; face moderately convex. S. Am., Mex., W. Ind., Ala.,
bare ONS Ee (Oieealopis 7 cbo (ciao oe cee a eretene Caliope muscaria Loew.
Face in profile incised at middle, bulbous only beneath antenne; arista pilose. 23
Face large, bare, smooth, evenly convex from side to side and from antenne

64

23.

25.

26.

28.

29:

30.

31.

Psyche [April

to near the oral margin, just above the oral margin a narrow horizontal
groove; arista plumose; deep shining black throughout, the third antennal
joint and four posterior tarsi reddish. W. Ind.,S. Am. (Fig. 11.)
crouch tarih toa cra cioumnnch HO der eae ie eee Xangelina nigra Williston.
Face glistening beneath the antenne; third antennal joint four times as long as
wide, dark; legs black, except knees and posterior tibiz and tarsi. Eur., N.
Seot.;. Washes i fieetis cece ore +e Caliope elise Meigen.
Face pollinose immediately beneath antenne; third antennal joint three times
as long as wide, often reddish; legs entirely yellowish. Cal., Vanc., Wash.*,

Id.* (livingstont Coquillett).............- Caliope quadrisetosa Thomson.

. Some of the abdominal segments marked with spots; thorax opaque gray prui-
THOSE yw gies: cs icetevcboen BAUME Sucna tra hay abaya set ane a ceep aces @ neeae ate Sete eT a eee tame 25
Abdomenmot recularly/spottedmemaronce ne saeco eee eee eee 31
Arista ‘long=pluimose ssi, ses feds O-irn ee Ree ee eee Sao 26

Arista short-pubescent; mesonotum with four fuscous vittz, scutellum with
two fuscous dots; front bivittate; abdominal segments with four series of

brown spots; legs'yellow..:: odeceskei oer fo sme eeee eee eer 30
Abdominal segments yellow, marked with pairs of blackish spots; thorax not
vittate:scutellumicmerecous blacks s-eelseraneie ee oeeeie near Q7
Abdomen largely, black « 204. s sac poo ct hale ae el es Ce a eee 28

. Lower part of pleure yellow; 2 dorsocentrals and 1 sternopleural. Kans.

Sich: Sig ata he kee Rare ee eee Minettia crevecceuri Coquillett.
Pleurz concolorous with notum; 4 dorsocentrals and 2 sternopleurals. Md.
As ae SUR ple bk ey Sh Pilate RCT te ee Minettia glauca Coquillett.
Abdomen largely blackish, base and tip yellow, dull with thick cinereous coat-
ing; thorax uniformly cinereous, but humeri and scutellum yellow; 4 acros-
tichal rows; legs yellow; last sections of fourth vein subequal. Wash.*
Jas WAGE Ts POL On ee ee c RO Ree eeee Minettia univittata var.

Abdomen black, base and tip yellow, each segment with lateral gray pruinose
spots; legs whitish; thorax with four vittee; face whitish; hind cross vein
broadly brown; cross veins approximate. Nicaragua.
ie Sas dinate see SDE See TO eee hoa Minettia albipes Coquillett.

Abdomen black with hind margins of segments brownish and pollinose, fifth
segment with four gray pruinose spots; legs black except tibize and most of
tarsi; thorax with three vittee; cheeks with black spot. Nicaragua. (varia
Coquillett.),...cca°cn ascertain te eee eee Minettia variata Hendel.

Abdominal segments marked with four brown spots; femora not with patches
of setulae; antenne often black at base; cheeks with large blackish spot;
Pa., N. J., N. H., Can.; Tenn., Mich., Wisc. Aldrich.

Re MO Re Agr Min ti OE Minettia quadrilineata Loew,

Abdominal segments marked with many small brown setigerous spots; front
femora with a row of minute setule on distal part of flexor surface; antennee
yellow. Me.*; Tenn., Wisc. Aldrich; Wash.*..Minettia annulata sp. nov.

Face silvery pollinose on a brown ground; thorax and abdomen shining bluish

eee eS. Le

7

1913] Melander—A Synopsis of the Sapromyzidae 65

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

black, the pleurze brownish; femora blackish, tibize brownish, tarsi whitish.

eS eTINaE SSP ATTI Esme yar Cl eae aie es caer or Minettia argyrostoma Wiedemann.
Otherwise; if the face is silvery the thorax is pollinose..................... 32
PISA AE See Um ORNS a ee eetetg ss ae) rales ois alec icra: siaiaid HA sche F ial 8s eee oe 33
Pers leaps cepres vie WE trite: A oeyace ats det a i Mae ot oie as 36

Body very slender; black, thorax gray pruinose, legs brown, the posterior
tibiz and tarsi yellow; antenne yellow, arista bare; wings four times the
length of the abdomen. N. H., Alaska.

EF eee rien toe. Sa atk Pe Sree th ake oe Ss Minettia brachystoma Coquillett.
Third antennal joint partly blackish, arista pubescent
Mesonotum trivittate; front with median brown vitta
Mesonotum and scutellum uniformly dusted; front shining black except a yel-

low anterior fascia, face silvery-dusted; legs blackish. Wash.*

Es eRe ee ae ee RIS Abe bie eco an ea’ Minettia nigrans sp. nov.
Face silvery white; center of scutellum brownish; abdomen black; femora

blackish, tibize brownish, their base yellow, tarsi more or less yellowish.

SEB VALTIG eT b aerate re oe ctreaten cies easter ofan strc Sateen oe Minettia exul Williston.
Face with small brown spot each side of center; scutellum gray-pruinose;

3 dorsocentrals of which one is presutural, 2 acrostichals, 2 sternopleurals;

venter yellow, dorsum of abdomen fuscous; base and middle ring of tibiz

yellow. 2.5 mm. Ga.; Tenn. Aldrich....... Minettia vittigera Coquillett.

Wings blackish at base; halteres black; thorax opaque black; abdomen black. .37

Root of wing not blackened; halteres yellow; thorax grayish pollinose or sub-

SHinin SME Tae ker ats nce yor cher hoeia eral see else ion ss Seneare teres sok os os 38
Front less broad, face shorter and less convex, abdomen shining. Can., Pa.,
UN ip esuIN pIE Seie, 8 eva cunt: Sort ae uaa anus eae ota se eee Minettia obscura Loew.

3 dorsocentrals, 6 rows acrostichals; abdomen subshining, grayish pollinose.
Eur., Mass., N. J.*, Me.*, Pa.*, Que.*, Ont., Il].*; Wisc., Mich. Aldrich.
ES pier ee eT ee aL NE Minettia longipennis Fabricius.

Mesonotum very lightly gray pollinose, shining; 3 dorsocentrals, 4 acrostichals;
head shining black. Eur., N. Am. (frontalis Loew).
er ae eee y mech a preg asHid asset) ait chetetata tees Sapromyza hyalinata Meigen.

Nesonotumeandeheadnopague-mmecreinciaerem en cra onus = «oeyattyeratete «i 39

Mesonotum opaque gray pollinose, with lateral margins brownish; strikingly
marked with brown setigerous spots; 2 dorsocentrals, 1 sternopleural; scutel-
lum gray pruinose; abdomen polished black, somewhat brassy. Fla., Cuba,

Auli Here ere ed cries as esas eee steak Minettia cineracea Coquillett.
Mesonotum not marked with brown spots...............-..eeceeeseeeee 40
Mesonotum vittate; abdomen largely or wholly black..................... 4]
Mesonotum densely cinereous pruinose, not vittate...............-.000-55 42

Mesonotum blackish, almost opaque, with two narrow gray vitte, scutellum
black, abdomen reddish terminally; head yellow; legs light yellow. W. Ind.
Me PES. 3 ity tarehchny MM RS ots cil Shs Sess Sapromyza puella Williston.

Mesonotum opaque black, with four white-pollinose vitte; scutellum black
with white-pollinose margin; abdomen thinly gray-pollinose, shining at apex;
rect dels leachcemn Vem pecan cent rors caveiagaterttal oc. Sie iny Minettia albovittata Loew.

66

42.

43.

44,

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

Psyche [April

Scutellum bordered with velvet black: palpi black; legs mostly yellow; 3 dor-
socentrals, 4 acrostichals. Eur.*, Alaska, Que.*, B. C.*, Vanc,*. Mass.*,
N. Hf:,, Vt-*, N. Y., N: J, Pa.* IES Mont) Wyo. lide) Washes (Mich:
Wisc., Or., Tenn., Kans. Aldrich) (Fig. 14)...Minettia lupulina Fabricius.

Scutellum entirely gray-pollinose; palpi yellow.....................0-005. 43

Abdomen black, cinereous pruinose, base of segments 3, 4, 5, black-fasciate;
head yellow, upper part of occiput and vertex black; legs mostly black.
Nev.; Pine Lake, So. Cal. Aldrich; Wash.*...... Minettia cesia Coquillett.

At most a brownish fascia on those segments; head mostly black in ground

Legs yellow, front of femora, a basal ring and apex of tibize sometimes darker;
face yellowish with central U-shaped brown spot and facial grooves black.
TD). (CR. Seats a a A RO ee rere Minettia magna Coquillett.

Legs black; face uniformly overlaid with gray pollen. Mass.*
bu Seabee Ate eRe seg Re eee Minettia cana sp. nov.

Species whose wings are marked or spotted in some way or other............ 46
Species with wings not at all ornate, except sometimes at very base, or with

uniform intuscation.- 2.07 a5 «Scie een toe eee eee ere 63
One or both cross-veins alone with brown clouding; usually 4 dorsocentrals. . .47

Costal margin before submarginal cell as well as one or both cross-veins brown;

generally S) dorsocentrals:y.2 2.4 hy aceite ae eee 51
2, 3 and 4 veins tipped with a brown dot, cross-veins clouded and third vein
withvone onitwoadditionallspots.. peer ae riee ieee eee eee 61

With numerous confluent black dots and an apical spot surrounded by eleven
dots; opaque gray spotted with brown on head, thorax and abdomen; legs
yellowish, femora with two rings, tibize with one; halteres black. D.C., Tex.
SUS Lae xe ah Set acai tea see ay et te opis Sean OD RS eae OO Minettia stictica Loew.

Arista long-plumose; thorax with four brown vittz; face with black central
spot; front with ocellar mark; base of antennz black; abdominal segments
trimaculate; hind tibiz ringed. Nicaragua, Tex.
ws GeenSarw exe Sha gree Rees See oe EE Sapromyza picticornis Coquillett.

Arista short-plumose or pubescent; thorax yellowish; face and front uniformly
yellow; antenne yellow; abdomen not spotted; tibiz not ringed........... 48

Thorax opaque, dusted; 3 dorsocentrals, 6 uniform acrostichals; arista nearly
bare; front longer than broad; hairs of lower facial ridge large; mesopleurse

Sebuloses sllle{ivang Aldrichs eee ener Minettia ordinaria sp. noy.
Thorax subshining; 4 dorsocentrals, 4 acrostichals, the middle rows setiform;
miesopleumee. (bares, F505. tere tees Soke ot toro tine ere eee eee 49
Arista short-pubescent; front broader than long; brown of cross-veins suf-
PuUSOd is. oss a fea ee ia Reed oretn os eee ete Se Oe eC eee 50
Arista plumose; front longer than broad; clouds of cross-veins blackish; ma-
crochet strong. Ill.*; Or. Aldrich.............. Minettia nubila sp. nov.

Last ventral segment © dilated or with two strong black teeth, lamelle
rounded and black-pilose; abdominal segments margined with long sete;
ocellar bristles closer together than width of front ocellus. Neb.; Mass.*,
Vt.*, Ill.*, Ind.*, (Mich., Wisc., S. Dak., Kans. Aldrich) ;

SSS Rich ac SE OR eee ESTER ee Sapromyza bispina Loew.

eee eee

a, « ~rtOobat thot-Se

a

1913] Melander—A Synopsis of the Sapromyzidae 67

51.

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

Abdomen not furnished with spines; entire insect yellow; ocellar bristles sepa-
rated more than the width of the front ocellus; & lamelle long and linear

IMexeuNendsalbsnGeen@alAl rich) 4.5.00. Sapromyza innuba Giglio-Tos.
Miesonatim vattates face maculate:.....5.... ce ccc etree escceeescsedcune 52
Mesonotum mot vittate;facemot spotted... 0... nce cc ee eee eee 54

Mesonotum opaque yellow and with four vitte; posterior tibiz with basal
MIT ALO CLIeTLO te OL O Will mee WMAP err eeic orale aiemencuctss sdene a -avete crave a lola s 53
Mesonotum brown and bivittate, pleure bivittate; tibiz more or less brown
but not ringed; fifth vein brown; face with two oral spots; abdomen testaceous;
the last two segments with median vitta. S. Am., Mex.
Re RN Re VoL. Cou cto eesteks ae che os Sapromyza geminata Fabricius.
Face with a median oral spot; pleure bivittate; abdomen with three rows of
brown spots; arista short plumose. W. Ind...Minettia octovittata Williston.
Face with black antennal spots and with a pair of dusky oral spots; pleure
obsoletely maculate; abdomen reddish; arista short-pubescent; oral hairs
more prominent than usual, the foremost almost bristle-like. Mass., D. C.,
IN oped acti subd letae alescra ceive 5 coy ocr, a eicy oe eaSiecs ee Sapromyza umbrosa Loew.
Scutellum with two black spots on margin; arista bare; abdomen with darkened
incisures and median vitta. Mex.,S.Am........ Sapromyza bipunctata Say.
Scutellum unicolorous; arista pubescent to plumose; abdomen yellow to brown
POUT Caen OG ITT EAT COO) eee yee en eT oe cle tps Fat dey pn Se PE 52! ca ody 55
Brown of costal margin arising over posterior cross-vein and confluent with
cloud on this cross-vein; co’ lamelle large, black-hairy; second joint of hind
tarsi black, in o broad; arista short-pubescent. Que., Ont., Me., N. H.,
N. J., Pacific Coast; Mass.*, Pa.*, Ill.*, Tex.* (Mich., Wis., Tenn., S. Dak.
PA cli chi) permet s eae casts teh hare tia ek a one Sapromyza compedita Loew.
Brown of costal margin arising near base of wing and usually separate from
cloud on posterior cross vein; second joint of hind tarsi rarely differentiated

ucearad NMOL Reich ee Pe ee TER” chmod etahnderchaeaie sh e-b.oaiaae a8 #1 56
Brown of costal margin including the anterior cross-vein.................-- 57
Brown of costal margin separate from anterior cross-vein...........-...... 59

Brown of costal margin in addition to apical cloud extending backward as three
broad blunt projections, the first including the anterior cross-vein, the other
two not passing the third vein; arista plumose; abdomen brown. Brazil,
DR ramet 2 aye! org tereaminnsne Goay Sys = Sapromyza contigua Fabricius.

Brown of costal margin with two rather slender projections in front of cross-
veins in addition to the apical cloud; arista short-plumose; abdomen
TCL GLS eee eR ArT ete Ar Rape crore ons ors acne Sea ce hate map alee ake ne 58

Costa broadly brown; second joint of hind tarsi not differentiated. N. Y.

eM tee EPA ash tet idle diene VAS Sapromyza sheldoni Coquillett.

Brown of costa quite narrow at end of second vein; second joint of hind tarsi
black, in & somewhat widened. Mass.*..... Sapromyza houghii Coquillett.

Brown of costa stopping at fourth vein. S. Am., Mex.

Seo stera estisr cevsic miata then eleheters ies ib be Sapromyza latelimbata Macquart.

Brown of costa extending beyond fourth vein at apex of wing............... 60

68

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

66.

67.

68.

69.

Psyche [April

Arista with scarcely perceptible pubescence. Ariz.

Re Re on re CE eee Sapromyza hubbardi Coquillett.
Aristarshort-plumose; a Vilexes=: een eee ee eee Sapromyza stata Giglio-Tos.
Third vein with a single spot near middle of last section; 4 dorsocentrals; arista

short-plumose. Que., N. H., Mass.*, N. J., Pa.*, La.*, Ill.*; S. Dak. Ald-

TICK cugteoee oe we: Sikes Bie Suen aoe meee Sapromyza philadelphica Macquart.
Third vein with two spots near middle of last section..................0000. 62
Hind femora < with black setulz beneath; three dorsocentrals; arista long-

plumose: (Bure NSH Nee eeeeer ee eee Sapromyza notata Fallen.
Hind femora bare; four dorsocentrals; arista short-plumose. Pa., N. J., Cal.*,

Weasht.*, .2.'.idwo, et pede ck See eee ee Sapromyza fraterna Loew.
Abdominal segments marked with regular series of spots, or vittate.......... 64
Abdomen not seratelyzmaculates.-) oe eee ee eee nen ee ie
Face with brown or black spot in middle above oral margin; ususally scutellum

bimaculate also. 0 ihc cite acs tae Goes DOM Lee ele ae ieee 65
Face yellowish, not spotted; usually the scutellum not maculate............ 68

. Basal joints of antenne black; pleurz bimaculate; thorax with a narrow median

vitta; 2 dorsocentrals, no acrostichals, one sternopleural; middle tibize with-
out preapical bristle; segments 3, 4, 5 of abdomen bimaculate, a dorsal vitta
on last three segments. Fla. ............ Sapromyza slossone Coquillett.
Antenne entirely yellowish; pleurse not maculate...................-0000- 66
Thorax quadrivittate; hind tibie with basal ring; pleure bivittate; the flat
dise of the scutellum with two indefinite broad brown marks; arista short-
plumose; upper side of abdominal segments trimaculate; palpi black; 3 dor-
socentrals, 6 acrostichals. Tex., W. Ind., Brazil, N. J.; Mass.*, La.*; Kans.

Aldrich’... « c.ihiuus ohh ack eter ger ee eigetae peters Minettia macula Loew.
Thorax not clearly vittate; tibie not ringed; pleurz not vittate; scutellum
bimaculate.:; anche Seige bois Btn ee ee ee OE Cerner 67
Segments 2, 3, and 4 each with two spots, co? with median vitta on terminal
Segments alSons oe ind ase eee Sapromyza octopunctata Wiedemann.
Abdomen with series of median and lateral spots; arista short-pubescent.
Wislitd: ¢.0 asci ce Cee Die Rk ee oe Sapromyza ingrata Williston.
Mesonotumir vittates i... 6 con a Ui ae cee cae oe oe eee ee 69
Mesonotum not vittate; scutellum not maculate....................2008- 72

Mesonotum with broad median vitta; palpi yellow; arista plumose; tibiz not
ringed; hind femora tipped with two small dark spots; abdominal spots not
clearly defined, sometimes forming a basal fascia on the segments. Cal.*

Sef av ialot heat crct tal otavetit a tolenel ote eteie teen eu entats coke eee Minettia univittata Coquillett.

Mesonotum with lateral vittee; palpi blackish; arista short-pubescent........ 70

. Hind tibiz with proximal ring; scutellum typically bimaculate; mesonotum

quadrivittate; 4 dorsocentrals, 2 acrostichals, 2 sternopleurals; antenne red;

Tibi not ringed; scutellum not maculate; notum shining, with three broad
vittze, the median geminate; third antennal joint black; abdominal segments
more or less trimaculate. St. Vine......... Sapromyza venusta Williston.

a

1913] Melander—A Synopsis of the Sapromyzidae 69

71.

72.

73.

74,

75.

76.

caiife

78.

79.

IE eater eerie eee eke: ate a ace ap aise SRR aL Caliope lutea Coquillett.
Mesonotum entirely yellow or reddish, not vittate with darker stripes....... 78
> Mesononumuvittate or blackish AbDOVE: .... 0. <tse et toes cee eet eres eneee se 90
Scutellum with two black spots at the bristles; insect otherwise entirely luteous.
Sap AUT csv Vagina Cl vette tye ctr erccisaen aT Aes aeeh ones A Sapromyza grata Wiedemann -
Sepa sen IRs ee TAT Ear eyes ay es nln deep 2S einueie eleva aie sede eh ere ws 79
Scutellum black, with base brownish; pleurze with brown mark before wing;
abdomen black; arista long-plumose. Mex..... Sapromyza sonax Giglio-Tos.
elitellumand abdomen yellow 2.60.25. y4.200 sees este tee eerste 80

80.

81.

82.

Abdominal segments with series of four fuscous spots; femora not with patch
of setule. Pa., N. J.. N. H., Montreal; Mich., Tenn., Wisc. Aldrich.

rect eine ee G aden ceeas Minettia quadrilineata Loew.

Abdominal segments with many small fuscous setigerous spots; front femora
with a row of setule on distal part of flexor surface. Me.*, Wash.*; Wisc.,

MonnyAl drieh=seeniy ers cisterns ae. ik tel esas wc ea oi Minettia annulata sp. nov.
Abodminal segments fasciate, their marginal setz strong.................. 73
Poms, SESMeEnGS SPOULEU ee sock He crac anes «ha soy w ee eee eee bales tees 74
Abdomen brown with hind margins of the segments and a median vitta darker;

palpi LO wie Miexaneei ele ern Seetea 2 lace Minettia vinnula Giglio-Tos.
A basal or middle fascia on abdominal segments, basal segments more or less

vittates palpi red. Cali*, Or:*, Wash.*. ...- . Minettia flaveola Coquillett.

Last two or three segments of abdomen with round black spot on each side;
1 dorsocentral, 6 acrostichals; palpi yellow. N.H., Alaska, Idaho*; Yukon

Merny Aldnich tery esis Prone sie cats bo Sapromyza rotundicornis Loew.
Abdomenkwithrarmediam co wOrSpOtseces ada asc ses oss2ee dase s sme cess 75
Abdominal segments with median spots only.................0 eee ee eees 76

Last four segments of abdomen with both lateral and median spots; palpi
yellow; mesonotum pruinose, scutellum shining. Nicaragua.
ery LRN ce ee Sse ow ae Sapromyza triseriata Coquillett.
Mesonotum little shining; arista pubescent; wings gray hyaline, penultimate
section of fourth vein but little more than one-half the ultimate; front narrow;
palpieblacksatetip: We Ind..2e5- soe e3 Sapromyza sororia Williston.
Mesonotum polished; arista plumose; wings yellowish, penultimate section
of fourth vein about one-third the ultimate; face strongly convex; front broad.

Face centrally marked with a velvet-black ae. front with a black ocellar spot;
arista pubescent; notum thinly gray-pruinose, 3 dorsocentrals, 4 acrostichals;

Jenethy?irram: INES. So 2 sec Ss eek es Sapromyza puncticeps Coquillett.
PL SREY eg TRI RUPE Pe OR Ice creek arcele cio Sai aejs bans ae ee ale bard aewed 81
Last ventral segment < with lateral acute projections directed backward;

Ie OS RE -DUNIESCETE fea Art te ei a. a Scie Jicfet sod oe earn nnn ease ee 82
domenmaub wie adel PrajechONse. .)./5. 2 ro). soc siycbs+,0 vie sad da cs'es os bbe 83

The ventral spines very large, broad and conspicuous; < lamelle rounded,
black-pilose. (connexa Say is probably the 2) Mass. to Kans.

Ee OR ne oa eeu ra alechs Sapromyza bispina Loew.

The ventral spines slender; <7 lamellz minute, short black-pilose. Neb., Mex.

ett eertete otis eta wikeee seis ies sos Sapromyza tenusipina Loew.

70

Psyche [April

83. Shining luteous species with black palpi and a black ocellar spot; mesonotum

84.

85.

86.

87.

88.

89.

90.

91.

92.

93.

with two lighter vitte. Ga., Fla., N. J., N. Y.

a Rides eke DUA seeRe haere eis TLR Ee Sapromyza resinosa Wiedemann.

Otherwise: oc 2... 5.<0 sss bre Situ RA ohne ees nisl 4 Be eee eee 84

Palpi brown; abdomen brown, the segments more or less fasciate on hind
border and with long bristle-like hairs; front yellow. Mex.

i Bib ctiovianeee GET ONEEE Ae e E Minettia vinnula Giglio-Tos.
Palpijandtabdomentyecllowas-cuaacacee eee ee nee eee ee 85
Arista plumosexantennsesyellowmereiiceon eee ee ee eee ee eee 86
Arista nearly bare; tip of antenne blackened; ocellar bristles long; front

broader than long; thorax at least subshining; scutellar bristles diverging. .89
Thorax dull with yellow pruinosity; ocellar bristles and thoracic setule strong;

2 and 3 segments of abdomen with long bristles near hind margin, especially

on sides; 3, rarely 4, dorsocentrals, 6 acrostichals.....................0- 87
Thorax shining; ocellar bristles rudimentary; front yellow................. 88
Arista rather long-plumose; wings nearly hyaline; front with faint yellow

fascia bordered with brown. Cal.*, Or.*, Wash.*

LSU e Eo te EEE Minettia flaveola Coquillett.
Arista short-plumose; wings strongly infumated; front not fasciate. Cal.

Aldrichi its dao 6 se eee eee oe Minettia fumipennis sp. nov.
Front as broad as long; arista long-plumose on upper side. Fla., Ga., W. Ind.*;

NenneevAl riches ee Sapromyza sordida Wiedemann, Williston.
Front one-third broader than long; arista very long-plumose. Ga., La.*
SPREE Ds tsk oh ate Tee EN ok Ra Le ce ce Sapromyza amida Walker.
Front with central black spot; 4 dorsocentrals; third antennal joint twice as

long as deep, the upper side excised. Wyo.*..... Sapromyza cyclops sp. nov.
Front yellow; 3 dorsocentrals; third antennal joint short-ovate. Id.*, Wash.*

(Big Sie Serre ben ne ney ieee Sapromyza monticola sp. nov.
Mesonotum with narrow vittze; front quadrate..............002..eeeeeees 91
Mesonotum with broad vittze, or dark above............%.-.-.-+-+eeeee: 92
Arista plumose; thorax brownish, with two narrow grayish stripes; antennz

black; scutellum and base of abdomen black. W. Ind.

sbi 8 nue Ue She i, HOU ESL Coa a CORRE rare eae aga Sapromyza puella Williston.
Arista pubescent; thorax reddish, with four slender brown stripes; ‘antennze

red, tipped with brown. W. Ind........... Sapromyza lineata Williston.
Third antennal joint black; arista short-pubescent; palpi mostly black; thorax

shining yellow with three broad brownish stripes, the middle one obsoletely
geminaten “Weolnd:.. eee sale eee Sapromyza venusta Williston.
Antennze yellow, the arista long-plumose; palpi yellow; thorax opaque,

univittate-or the discvdarks so sean ee eee Oe ee Be ee 93
Mesonotum with a median broad dark stripe, at least the humeri yellow;

hind femora tipped with minute shining black dot on each side; 3 or 4 dor-

socentrals, 4 acrostichals; front yellow. Cal.*

cy Saget tS Gand nee OLE Se er eee Minettia univittata Coquillett.
Disc of mesonotum dark; front brown on upper half....................... 94

|
|

i i ee ek il at ial bk gl ee

ne

1913] Melander—A Synopsis of the Sapromyzidae ve

94. Face with a U-shaped brown mark flanked by an oblique stripe; pleure not
vittate; femora striped with gray in front, tibiz with a basal ring. D.C.
BP eT Vater an seme ente cs sisters teceyeseial ch aes @ileite ace ees Minettia magna Coquillett.

Face yellow; pleurz vittate above; legs yellow. Kans.
I eter ere SEPANG ee ee ces ies Minettia crevecceuri Coquillett.

Caliope nigerrima sp. nov.

o. Length 3 mm. Entirely black, the halteres, calypteres and wings alone
yellowish. Front shining, with slight coppery hue, slightly broader than long, the
ocellar bristles approximate: face in profile convex only near the antenne, broadly
angulate at the middle; center and sides of the face white-pruinose; lower occiput
white-pruinose. Third antennal joint elongate-oval, twice as long as wide, the
black arista microscopically pubescent. Palpi linear, black-hairy. Mesonotum
shining greenish black, thinly coated with olivaceous pollen; four dorsocentrals,
acrostichals very sparse, apical scutellars divergent, two sternopleurals. Abdomen
shining, slightly metallic. Wings hyaline, with yellowish tinge, veins yellow, last
two sections of the fourth vein nearly one to two.

A single specimen taken by Professor Aldrich at Pacific Grove,
California, May 6, 1906.

The profile of the face indicates that this species is related to
quadrisetosa and elis@, but the uniformly black color and the sub-

bare arista are different.
Caliope elise Meigen.

Meigen’s original description calls for a species with white
arista and red antennze. Zetterstedt states that the arista is white
and the tip of the antennais brown. Schiner says that the infusca-
tion of the antenna is variable and that the arista is light brown;
while Rondani and Becker give the arista as brown.

This species was included in the North American fauna on
Walker’s authority. I have a series of specimens from Mount
Constitution, on Orcas Island, Washington, that agree with the
descriptions of elise, and may or may not be the same as the
European species. In the absence of typical specimens of elise it
would be premature either to describe them as new or to vouch
their identity. They have the face but little bulbous beneath the
antennz and below the swelling it is excised in profile. This
character is quite different from the evenly convex face of cylindri-
cornis, with which species elise is repeatedly compared. The
third antennal joint is dusky, four times as long as deep, its upper
and lower edges parallel, so that before the tip it is not smaller

72 Psyche | April

than in the middle. The face is pollinose only along the orbits
and not at all in the middle beneath the antenne. The front legs
are the darkest, their knees only are broadly yellowish.

Minettia nigrans sp. nov.

9. Length 4 mm. Shining black, with pale wings. Occiput shining black;
front one-fourth broader than long, shining black with bluish tinge, especially on
the broad paraorbits, the front edge above the antenne yellow, ocellar bristles
moderate, rather distant; face not convex, uniformly white-pruinose; cheeks white-
pruinose except the narrow shining oral margin; proboscis and palpi black. Thorax
highly shining black, but the disc of the mesonotum dusted with gray, scutellum
concolorous; three postsutural dorsocentrals, four rows of acrostichals, two sterno-
pleurals; mesopleurz with weak setulz; scutellar bristles long, convergent. Abdo-
men shining black, the marginal sete about two-thirds the length of the segments.
Front legs entirely black, middle femora black except the knees, their tibize and
tarsi blackish, hind femora black, the tibize and tarsi blackish, hind tibize without
preapical bristle. Halteres white. Wings large, clear hyaline, veins pale, the last
two sections of fourth vein proportioned two to five.

One specimen from Monroe, Washington; May 20, 1908.

Minettia cana sp. noy.

Like lupulina but the scutellum not bordered with black, palpi
yellow, face uniformly gray-pruinose, and front lacking the con-
spicuous yellow fascia: like glauca but the abdominal segments
not spotted and the front differently marked.

Q. Length4mm. Head and thorax black, thickly covered with blue-gray pollen.
Middle of front with a broad brown fascia and orbits with a triangular brown spot
at the level of the antenne. Above the base of the antenne the front shows but
little trace of yellow ground-color, but is blue-gray pruinose like the face, vertex
and occiput. Ocellar bristles distant, behind themaresixcruciatesetule. Antenne
reddish brown, the third joint ovate, with short-plumose brown arista. Palpi
reddish yellow; proboscis black. Three dorsocentrals, four rows of acrostichals,
the acrostichals and the other setule strong, metapleurz setulose, two sterno-
pleurals: mesonotum not vittate, scutellum uniformly cinereous above. Abdomen
entirely yellowish, the segments not margined with long setze. Legs blackish, the
front legs black, front femora cinereous, knees narrowly yellowish, posterior tibize
with base and a broad medial ring somewhat paler, hind tibize without preapical
bristle. Halteres yellow. Wings uniformly with yellow tinge, as in lupulina; the
last two sections of the fourth vein equal.

One specimen received with a lot of lupulina from Dr. Garry
deN. Hough, who took it at New Bedford, Massachusetts, on
Memorial Day, about twelve years ago.

1913] Melander—A Synopsis of the Sapromyzidae 73

Minettia annulata sp. nov.

o'and @. Length 3 mm. Very close to quadrilineata Lw., in size, structure,
chetotaxy, color, and variations in color, but distinguishable by its different sexual
structures, the setulz of the front femora, and the maculation of the abdomen.

Ground color mostly blackish, although sometimes quite testaceous, overlaid
on head and thorax with dense cinereous pollen. Front large, a little broader than
long, with two well-defined darker vittee extending from the antenne to the level
of the posterior ocelli, elsewhere cinereous; ocellar bristles of moderate length and
well separated from each other; face cinereous-white, the ground color beneath the
antennz sometimes more or less blackish, along the orbits whitish; below the eyes
the cheeks are marked with a large darker spot. Antenne yellowish, the third
joint ovate; arista short-pubescent. Palpi black. Mesonotum blackish to testa-
ceous, with alternating stripes, five cinereous and four fuscous, with four strong
dorsocentral bristles, of which one is presutural, with but two definite rows of minute
acrostichals, one intraalar; mesopleurz with scattered short hairs; two sterno-
pleural bristles: scutellum rather flat, cinereous except for the continuation on its
dise of the median fuscous vittee of the notum. Abdomen subshining, brownish
to yellow, with numerous small brownish mottlings, most distinct at the bases of
_ the submarginal rows of bristles, the mottlings toward the base of the segments
sometimes confluent to form vague resemblances to the maculations of quadri-
lineata; hind margins of segments paler; marginal bristles nearly as long as the
segments; hypopygium narrowly and deeply cleft, the two sides of the emargination
sharply projecting ventrally as a pair of finger-like processes, ventrally at the base
of the hypopygium there is another pair of black acuminate recurved processes.
Femora brown to yellow but the underside of each with a well-defined dark spot
near the distal third, the spot of the front pair provided in both sexes with a row of
about ten microscopic close-set black teeth along the inner edge: tibiae with basal
dark ring opposite the femoral mark; tarsi dull yellowish. Halteres whitish.
Wings uniformly subhyaline, the last two sections of the fourth vein proportioned
three to five.

Nine specimens are before me from East Eddington, Maine
(Hough), Price County, Wisconsin (C. F. Baker), Knoxville,
‘Tennessee (Aldrich collection), and Mount Constitution, Washing-
ton, July 3, 1908.

Loew’s species quadrilineata, well represented in Professor
Aldrich’s collection from Pennsylvania, Michigan, Tennessee,
and Wisconsin, differs as follows: The stouter hypopygium is
broadly emarginate, the finger-like prolongations of the sides of
the excision dark in color and the basal pair of black acuminate
processes straight and approximate. Unless the hypopygium is
open these structures are not to be seen. The femora usually
lack the distal black spot and always are devoid of the row of

74 Psyche [April

denticles. Moreover, the maculation of the abdominal segments
is not in the form of small setigerous spots.

Minettia nubila sp. nov.

9. Length 4mm. Body with antennez, mouth-parts, legs and halteres entirely
flavous, wings hyaline with yellowish tinge, the cross-veins broadly blackish. Third
antennal joint oval, one-half longer than deep, the black arista moderately long-
plumose, the hairs of the lower side nearly as long as the upper. Front slightly
longer than broad, not shining; ocellar bristles long, located on a line with the pos-
terior ocelli but in back of the front ocellus; hairs of lower facial ridge minute;
postverticals strong. Thorax lightly dusted, subshining, not vittate, thoracic
bristles relatively strong, four dorsocentrals, the foremost much in front of suture,
four rows of acrostichals, the middle rows setiform, two sternopleurals, scutellar
bristles convergent. All the abdominal segments but the first with submarginal
rows of bristle-like hairs. Brown cloud of anterior cross-vein extending along the
third and fourth veins to form an H-shaped spot, brown of posterior cross-vein
similarly extending on the fourth vein, but not on the fifth, so that its outline is
narrowly triangular.

One specimen, collected near Chicago, Illinois, August 10, 1901.
Another typical specimen in Professor Aldrich’s collection is
labeled Lawrence, Kansas.

VAR. A female specimen from Hood River, Oregon, in Pro-
fessor Aldrich’s collection differs in having the bristles reduced in
size. ‘The genitalia are small, with the lamelle of the ovipositor
blackish and densely dark-pilose. The front is relatively a little
broader and the clouds of the cross-veins are less distinct.

Minettia ordinaria sp. nov.

o. Length 4 mm. Dull testaceous including the appendages; wings hyaline»
the cross-veins with faint clouds. Third antennal joint broadly oval, the black
arista with very short pubescence. Front slightly longer than broad, opaque with
reddish pollen, except that the orbital bristles arise from spots of yellowish-gray
pollen. Ocellar bristles moderate in length, spaced apart a little more than the
width of the front ocellus, the lesser ocellar bristles distinct; occipital setule and
those of lower facial ridge conspicuous, the foremost like an oral vibrissa. Thorax
opaque, not vittate; setulze of thorax well developed, forming six acrostichal rows;
mesopleurz with numerous setule in addition to the usual macrocheta; three
dorsocentrals, all postsutural. Marginal sete of third and fourth abdominal seg-
ments as long as the segments: hypopygium, small, the lamellz retracted. Tibial
spurs of moderate length. Penultimate section of fourth vein two-thirds the length
of the ultimate section.

One specimen, collected in 1897 at Chicago, Illinois, and another
in Professor Alfdrich’s collection taken at Lawrence, Kansas.

1913] Melander—A Synopsis of the Sapromyzidae 75
y

Minettia fumipennis sp. nov.

o. Length 5mm. A stout and large species easily recognized by its strongly in-
fumated wings. Very close to flaveola Coquillett, differing only in the dark wings,
more protuberant center of the face and shorter plumosity of the arista. In flaveola
the hairs of the upper side of the arista are as long as the depth of the third antennal
joint and also conspicuously longer than the hairs below. In fumipennis the hairs
of both sides of the arista are of the same length and are less than one-half the depth
of the third antennal joint, i. e. short-plumose. The infuscation of the wings is
strongest in front: along the hind border the wings are subhyaline. Chetotaxy
and structure as in flaveola. Color testaceous.

One specimen in Professor Aldrich’s collection, taken near
Stanford University, California, 21 October, 1905.

Sapromyza cyclops sp. nov.

9. Length 4mm. Testaceous yellow throughout, except a shining black spot
in center of front, and outer one-half of third antennal joint black. Front one-
third broader than long, shining; ocellar bristles strong and closely approximate
behind the front ocellus; cheeks two-thirds the eye-height; face flat, the central
part sericeous. Third antennal joint nearly twice as long as the width in front of
the arista, its upper edge concave so that the upper apical corner is rounded-rec-
tangular; arista microscopically pubescent. Thorax lightly yellow-tomentose, four
postsutural dorsocentrals, the rows diverging posteriorly so as to meet a moderately-
sized intraalar bristle; six rows of scattered acrostichals; two sternopleurals. The
abdomen of the dried specimen is somewhat brownish, lightly pollinose, the last
segment shining. Femora with the usual bristles of moderate size. Wings hyaline,
with yellowish tinge, veins yellow, the posterior cross-vein darker; anterior cross-
vein a little beyond the middle of the discal cell, opposite the end of the first vein;
penultimate section of the fourth vein four-fifths as long as the ultimate, last section
of fifth vein one-half the length of the posterior cross vein.

The distinguishing characteristics of this species are the yellow
color, black-spotted front, black-tipped antennze with excised
antennal joint and nearly bare arista, and clear wings.

One specimen collected by Dr. W. M. Wheeler at Dinwiddie
Creek, Wyoming, September 5, 1895.

Sapromyza monticola sp. nov. (fig. 13)

o' 9. Length 3.5mm. Entirely testaceous, except the tip of the antenne.

Front about one-fourth broader than long, fine-hairy in front, shining, a line
connecting the front-orbital bristles would meet the base of the antenna; ocellar
bristles spaced apart the width of ‘the front ocellus just behind which they are
located, the lesser ocellar bristles minute; face receding, but the clypeus prominent,

76 Psyche [April

in color pale yellow, neither shining nor sericeous, the central part of the face is.
twice as broad as the sides: cheeks scarcely one-half the eye-height, the lower edge
with minute hairs: palpi and proboscis yellow, rarely the tip of the palpi blackened:
Third antennal joint oval, one-half longer than broad, the outer third to half black-
ened, the arista microscopically pubescent.

Mesonotum shining, very thinly yellow-pollinose, three postsutural dorso-
centrals, four definite rows of acrostichals; one intraalar, apical scutellars conver-
gent, usually but one. pronounced sternopleural, mesopleure not setulose. Abdo-
men shining, no long marginal bristles, hypopygium small, compressed. Front
tarsi sometimes a little dusky. Wings with decided yellowish tinge, the last section
of the fourth vein nearly two times the penultimate section, the last section of the
fifth vein nearly as long as the posterior cross vein. :

Seventeen males and twelve females. One specimen from
Bellingham, Washington, two from Tacoma, all the others from
Moscow Mt., Idaho; June to August. One female is a variant
in having the anterior cross vein located further towards the end
of the wing, so that the penultimate section of the fourth vein is
about one-third the ultimate.

Genus Camptoprosopella Hendel.

1. Mesonotum and pleure each with a median dark vitta; wings strongly infumated-
Mex., N. Mex., Col.* (melanoptera Hendel)............... dolorosa Williston.
Thorax not or but faintly vittate; wings nearly hyaline.................... 2
2. Arista densely plumose, third antennal joint Se a tapering, three times as
long as broad. N.J., Fla., Ga.*, N. Mex., Peru; S. Dak. Aldrich. (xanthoptera
Hendel)Wig.'9) 0.4.2) han ee eee ee ee ee verticalis Loew.
Arista more loosely plumose, the third antennal joint oblong-ovate, less than three
times as long as broad. Me., Ont.*, Mass., N. Y., N. J.*, Pa.*, Ind.*, Tl.*,
Wisc., La.*, Ala.*, Tex.*, N. Mex., Col.*, Wyo.*, Cal.*, Mex., Nicaragua,*
W. Ind.*, S. Am.; (N. H., Mich., S. Dak., Ia., Kans., Vera Cruz, Oaxaca,
Puebla, Cuba, Aldrich) (cincta Loew; plumata Wulp; ocellaris Townsend;
clarapennisiCoquillett) sae eee serene eee vulgaris Fitch.
Mr. Aldrich has informed me that Mr. Coquillett corrected
the name clavipennis to claripennis in the separata he distributed,
and Mr. C. W. Johnson, who has recently examined his type speci-
men of this species in the National Museum, writes that it is
verticalis, under which name he submitted the specimen. The
error in describing the species as new under the name claripennis
was occasioned by Mr. Coquillett’s misidentification of the dark
colored dolorosa as verticalis. So writes Mr. Johnson.

¢

vier Gy

— ="

a ne ee

1913] Melander—A Synopsis of the Sapromyzidae 77

Genus Chetoccelia Giglio-Tos.

1. Wings brown except most of second posterior cell and the anal angle which are
hyaline, brown of center of wing without clear spots; face not or but feebly
maculate; thorax brown punctate. Mex. .............. palans Giglio-Tos.

Brown of center of wings with clear spots; face with two evident black spots... .2

2. The larger part of the second posterior cell and of the anal angle brown, disc of
wings with three clear spots, two on fourth vein and one on posterior cross-vein.
INexep See Aiiey (hoses) eeereet rere erie ceminc, Sas = Ne sans distinctissima Schiner.

The larger part of the second posterior cell and of the anal angle hyaline......... 3

3. The brown area of the wings between the second and fifth veins with many irreg-
ular clear spots; abdominal segments not margined with setigerous black
SOLS VL CX rey roe reine eens wea e(emetn tate, const sear sswl ees caloptera Hendel

Wings with two small round clear spots near tip of third vein and another above
posterior cross-vein, near which spots the brown is more intensive, discal cell
Hameeliyalay elim eter nVWev tiles spar ieers aicters e-uareicera ere = angustipennis Williston.

Genus Griphoneura Schiner.

. Blackish, shining, thorax not vittate; antennz yellowish, arista plumose; face
white-pruinose; legs black, the tibiz and tarsi brownish; wings yellowish with
the apical third brown, more intensive infront. 5mm. Mex.,5.Am. (fig. 5.)

CRS eR elie See yas Nana ers lneben aig ieiee imbuta Wiedemann.

Genus Procrita Hendel.

Shining yellow, abdomen black; costal half of wing brown, sharply extending in
several places into the hyaline portion. Mex. (fig. 4)......... pectinata Hendel.
Entirely shining yellow, the small ocellar triangle and the tip of the antennz
alone black; brown of wings including the costal portion, ends cf the veins,
pndutheshinad: cnoss-veuns ss Gostawhicay. cas. ase deci ce) acre eer sigma Hendel.

Genus Trigonometopus Macquart.

1. Wings hyaline, cross-veins bordered with brown, third vein with two brown
spots; yellow, mesonotum quadrivittate and scutellum brown. Col.
JD CO SISA ae ESS OTE CED ne ea ea ea eer punctipennis Coquillett.

INO STOUT CR WAN oS POLS meer reineriat erie yet sicke arse ie oeys Soa) < ters ws eucilevorehevelans 2
2. Costal margin narrowly brown, cross veins slightly clouded; reddish, mesonotun
darkerlateralliv., \Weolnd. (igs (8). ac <s a6 a6 ce: rotundicornis Williston.

Wings with vitta including third and fourth veins and a cloud at end of second
vein; yellow, thorax-quadrivittate with brown, scutellum brown except a
TYTE CLYATIW) TLE Saainn (Gx Une Peer a aie ots se payresha ew teieCe va Shay ove ove oars vittatus Loew.

Genus Physogenia Macquart.

tee Withisub-alarmround velyet-blackispobs. cc. o tees te eee cee eccen cere ns 2
Without such mark on pleurz; testaceous, thorax obscurely brown-vittate.
(Cale eS rete an eae assoc eae ce sea + planiscuta Thomson.

78 Psyche [April

2. Face translucent yellow; thorax weakly bivittate. S. Am., Mex.* (uwrina

Giglio-T08) ie. tik 2d eee oe Cee ee oe ee ee ferruginea Schiner.

Face trimaculate; thorax quadrivittate. W. Ind.*,S. Am.; Vera Cruz, Aldrich
(obscuripennis Bigot, variegata Loew, nasalis Thomson) (fig. 6)

dosed Ri cial! eaeaye inl owen teal Eh Pea ae ARS ICO ene vittata Macquart.

This genus is easily recognized by the greatly swollen and trans-
lucent face. The species are reddish yellow in color. The brief
description of Lauxania planiscuta by Thomson brings to mind the
other species of Physogenia: the testaceous color, the convex
protuberant glabrous face, the position of the anterior cross vein
much beyond the end of the first vein and the vittate thorax are
rather distinctive characters. Possibly it is a synonym of fer-
ruginea. Lauxania nasalis Thomson is certainly the same as
vittata Fabricius. The erect dark stripe of the pleura, surmounted
by a velvety black spot, the black dots above the antenne, and
the greatly swollen face indicate the synonymy.

Genus Pachycerina Macquart.

The North American species previously assigned to Pachycerina
are to be found in Camptoprosopella. The present species differs
from the type of Pachycerina, the European seticornis Fallen, in the
following structural characters which hardly have generic value:
The occiput is flattened instead of convex, the face is gently convex
instead of bulbous, the anterior fronto-orbital bristles are more
strongly inclinate, the third antennal joint is elongate-linear
and the short arista is loosely plumose, instead of the antennze
tapering and arista with appressed pubescence. There are three
dorsocentral bristles, six distinct rows of acrostichals, one humeral,
one presutural, two notopleural, one supraalar, two postalar, one
pair prescutellar, four scutellar, the apical pair parallel, one meso-
pleural, one sternopleural and one prothoracic, all but the last two
directed backwards, the sternopleural and prothoracic bristles
directed upwards. Seticornis has four dorsocentrals and two rows
of acrostichals, but the other bristles are arranged as in the follow-
ing species.

From Camptoprosopella the present species differs in the convex
face and narrower facial orbits. In Camptoprosopella the sides of
the face are broad and join the oral margin so that the central
portion of the face takes no part in the formation of the cheeks.

|

Pas Ce wg ol ert tee apr OM ge olen tegen

oe

~

1913] Melander—A Synopsis of the Sapromyzidae i9

Pachycerina ornata sp. nov. (fig. 7)

@. Length 4mm. Largely testaceous, the lower part of the head paler yellow,
ocellar prominence and a large round spot in center of face shining black. Base of
antenne reddish, becoming black beyond the arista; arista reaching but two-thirds
the length of the third joint, loosely plumose, long- above and short-plumose below.
Oral margin retracted; proboscis yellow, palpi black. Thorax with the following
markings: humeri, scutellum and posterior half of mesopleure whitish yellow;
two transverse bands blackish, one in front of scutellum including the pteropleure,
and another including the front half of the mesopleure continuing across the
notopleural suture to the mesonotal suture and then broadly interrupted across the
dise of the mesonotum. Abdominal segments, except the first, with broad sub-
basal black fascize, interrupted along the median line. Legs yellow, front tarsi
dusky, all the tibize with preapical bristle. Calypteres and fringe yellow, but a
dusky spot on the margin. Halteres yellow. Wings hyaline, with a very faint
yellowish tinge: anterior cross-vein beyond the end of the first vein, the last two
sections of the fourth vein subequal; last section of fifth vein shorter than posterior
cross vein and one-sixth the length of the preceding section.

Two specimens from Professor Aldrich’s collection, received
from Mr. Crawford, who collected them at Dona Marcia, Chiapas,
Mexico.

Genus Lonchea Fallen.

1. Arista plumose; third antennal joint short, testaceous; legs piceous, tarsi
LESLAGCOUS MAI VLOX SRD upNr hers) iia brcicv cst sien) Souserain opens a as discrepans Walker.
Avistadbaneromsnork=pubescenbas, ss s/cici- | tach sce Gieaa dakciat es elem sibs ela» 2

2. Front with a median reddish vitta; venter yellowish, with a broad black
Stripes slevsiprownesn Wield; Gas. +2505 eocsee- aoe glaberrima Wiedemann.
Hrontjandayentenmobtwedioriyellowis ojo. occ cee sien oe celal ore elec ce es sees 3

5.) aibLeninee woOnmedemimg tie Oral MALPIN. 650k eT ok ce ees ced eed ae ons 4
Antenne reaching or surpassing the oral margin...................20005. 9
Perse onitelmibliekols DiAckIsels . 6.95 J cc.ccls os cice'. sei clea dle ase dace e wees 5
PN aa en NR BE Neer IAS Bay 8.) iaic ps Sia s Se 0 0:8 g aubre. ese ws 6

5. Metallic black, scutellum more green, abdomen deep metallic green. 1.5 mm.
WirMtlclehy MPA Ons ere ao le ise eck eos Se ve aS 5 orchidearum Townsend.

Shining black, scarcely at all metallic, abdomen thinly covered with brownish
dust; calypteres with brown cilia. 3mm. Eur., Alaska, Wash.*

Te LA EMAC Tere Seat ee ser Sa Volo HELIA, Shawne Bawls deutschi Zetterstedt.

6. Cheeks bristly; front femora strongly setose beneath; two basal joints of tarsi

yellow; calypteres yellow; head, thorax and abdomen deep metallic green;

front of 2 two times as long as wide, its sides parallel. St. Vine.; Cuba,

Jltonie clits pe Es ab) ea brevicornis Williston.

Cheeks hairy, at most with one or two bristles in front; legs not with stout

les EE et ei eR Sy fy a Sirgie pp ailea p peddle abies dees 7

80

~!

Psyche [April

. Calypteres fringed with dusky hairs; lunule bare; base of tarsi alone yellow;

arista: Dares. ..05.5 srayesa gone ea eh ase ee eee oor Eee eraer 8
Calypteres yellow, with yellow fringe; lunule hairy; tarsi largely or wholly
yellow; arista microscopically pubescent; third antennal joint large, longer
than broad; front of Q slightly narrowed anteriorly; epistome projecting.
Eur:; La. ld: Aldrich: s2;erogseeeencn occ noone laticornis Meigen.

. Third antennal joint orbicular, not longer than broad; front broadly quadrate,

not at all narrowed anteriorly, the lunula broadly arched; face retreating, the
epistome retracted, the face very wide, its sides white-pruinose; tarsi notice-
ably dlatteneds) (Bur:;) ldisAldrich*3es see eee parvicornis Zetterstedt.

. Third antennal joint longer than broad; front of Q narrowed anteriorly, the

10.

i:

12.

13.

14.

lunula highly arched; epistome projecting; side of face less pruinose and

face not unusually wide. Eur.; Id. Aldrich, Mont.*..... viridana Meigen.
Legs entirely blackior blackisht ces aaceina s eee one ee tone eee 10
At leastibase ot tarsi yellowishtyaseericacae te toriccieat ie ete eee 13
Head, thorax and abdomen metallic blue-green; antenne greatly surpassing
thejvorallamangineo.pAm sn Vexc serene eterna chalybea Wiedemann.
Head and thorax jet black, or at least but little metallic; antenne reaching
the OLalamarcine eee ea rere eae Sn ey cals ek 11
‘Vertex opaque, ‘with three shining spots. 2... <0 se ee ee ee 12

Vertex black; abdomen metallic black; legs and antenne fuscous. Brazil,
Cuba, N. H. (nigra Wied., 1830, nec. Meig. 1826). .wiedemanni Townsend.

Anterior cross-vein beyond the apex of the auxiliary vein; calypteres pale
Vallone Ides Weisingg Wes WNichiels Gob adble osoee coke vaginalis Fallen.
Anterior cross-vein before the apex of the auxiliary vein; calypteres fuscous.
Buris Alaskarc. ey te. 012). kprarec es ouccshe here een eee hyalipennis Zetterstedt.
Calypteres ‘with ‘white ellia. 2. 0). 1.0) 20. dee e oa eine ee a 14
Calypteres with blackiashveilias 2540222 note eee eee eee ee 15
Head, thorax and abdomen deep shining black; wings tinged with light brown-
ish yellow; metatarsi yellow. W.Ind.............. longicornis Williston.

Thorax and abdomen more or less metallic blue-violet or bluish green; face
entirely white-pruinose, nearly flat in profile; wings hyaline; tarsi yellow
except the tip’ brown. Mass., N. H., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Ga., La.*, Ind,,
Il.*, S. Dak.*, Ariz., Wash.*, Mex. [polita Say (1830); c@rulea Walker
(1849) rufitarsis Macquart (1851)] (fig. 15)............. polita Say (1830)

. Thorax pilose; front shining black. Eur., Ga., Id.*.......... tarsata Fallen.

Hairs of thorax relatively short; front matte-black. Eur., Alaska.
nae 0, jordliahcctsnar Dn sue Ge Sra tans Rear ee on ee albitarsis Zetterstedt.

Genus Palloptera Fallen.

. Cross-veins not bordered with brown; thorax gray-pollinose; auxiliary and

first vein and apex of wing brownish. Alaska, Wash.* (fig. 21)
afin os fw dee ti she sSNA eS ge Te ore a ke SURI Te ae Re oa terminalis Loew.
Cross-veins bordered with brown; thorax and abdomen yellowish.......... 2

. First vein wholly included in the brown color, costa wholly or almost entirely

Se ae Pat

Spann t

-

he i a Ratt a te

eee ee ee

1913] Melander—A Synopsis of the Sapromyzidae 81

First and auxiliary veins brown only at costa, the base and middle of costa not
brown, wing also tipped with brown. LEur.*, N. H. (fig. 17)

3. Front half of wmg and posterior cross vein broadly brown...............-. os
Wings mostly hyaline, the submarginal cell clear except at tip. Alaska, Wash.*
Ndkea Cole Cal NeverAl dricher (fess 9) ria es as e's ese coe ons jucunda Loew.

4. Head, thorax and abdomen largely cinereous-pruinose; brown pattern of wings
sharply defined; abdominal segments setose; four rows of acrostichals.

IME lies (Lic see Oop 0) rece rterae oon opment ia cat nero ssp nic garg hs setosa sp. nov.
Head, thorax and abdomen shining yellow; brown of wings diffusing into
ny eLIILE RTO ON UIOTN teeter ieee ee tere cre nen ter eres raves aT & tsi eleiensyaes tooo 5

5. Abdomen setulose, but with strong marginal bristles arising from black spots;
acrostichals dense. N. J.*, Pa., Que., N. H.; Va., Ia. Aldrich.

NT See eee eA Ae Se ence OLAS aN As genes superba Loew.

Abdomen with hind edges of the segments narrowly and the sides broadly

MAINE awit hep lackes WV sense ais fa. yt ere cic nv) eS « similis Johnson.

Palloptera setosa sp. nov.

o' 2. Length 3.5 mm. Pale cinereous in color covered especially on occiput
and mesonotum with whitish gray pruinosity; anterior portion of front, face, cheeks,
scutellum, pleure, abdomen, halteres, calypteres and legs becoming yellowish; base
of antenne and mouth-parts testaceous; outer portion of third antennal joint
infuscated. Arista dusky, pubescent. Four dorsocentrals, one of them presutural,
four rows of sparse delicate acrostichals. Abdominal sete arising from minute black
dots, rather robust, the marginal ones a little stronger; fifth abdominal segment
elongate. Anterior half of wing, apex and broad cloud about posterior cross vein
infumated, a small clear costal spot just before the end of the auxiliary vein, the
brown surrounding the cross-veins more saturate, remainder of wings clear hyaline;
posterior cross-vein at right angles to the fifth vein; last section of fourth vein arched

Two males and one female collected by Professor Aldrich at
Battle Creek, Michigan. The female has a slender hyaline stripe
extending down the middle of much of the submarginal cell.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 3.

. Poecilomyia (new genus of Sciomyzide) decora Loew.

. Poecilomyia decora Loew. Front and face.

. Chetocoelia distinctissima Schiner. From Hendel.

. Procrita pectinata Hendel. Wing, from Hendel.

. Griphoneura imbuta Wiedemann. From Hendel.

Physogenia vittata Macquart. Profile of head.

. Pachycerina ornata, new species. Profile of head.

. Trigonometopus rotundicornis Williston. Profile, from Williston.
. Camptoprosopella verticalis Loew. Profile of head.

Oo OD ore OF TO et

82

10.
Te
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
fe
18.

19:
20.
21.

Psyche . [April

Lauxania cyclindricornis Fabricius. Profile of head.
Xangelina nigra Williston. Profile of head, from Williston.
Caliope gracilipes Loew. Profile of head.
Sapromyza monticola, new species. Profile of head.
Minettia lupulina Fabricius. Front and face.
Lonchea polita Say. Profile of head.

Palloptera setosa, new species. Profile of head.
Palloptera arcuata Meigen. Wing.

Palloptera superba Loew. Wing.

Palloptera jucunda Loew. Wing.

Palloptera setosa, new species. Wing.

Palloptera terminalis Loew. Wing.

Vou. XX, Pirate 3.

MELANDER—SAPROMYZIDAE.

ZINE, “MILICHIINA, OCHTHIPHILINE
AND GEOMYZINE.

MELANDER

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. "1

{Reprinted from JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL Socrety, Vol. XXI,
No. 2, June, 1913.]

A SYNOPSIS OF THE DIPTEROUS GROUPS AGRO-
MYZINZ, MILICHIINA, OCHTHIPHILINZ
AND GEOMYZINZ.*

By A. L. MELANDER,
PuLLMAN, WASHINGTON.

There need be no apology offered for the issuance of the following
paper. Our species have been neglected; many of the commonest
forms remain unidentified; there is no adequate tabulation of the spe-
cies or even of the genera, and the determination, therefore, of a
species necessitates laborious searching among scattered descriptions;
furthermore, a surprising number of European species occur also in
America. Although based almost entirely on my own collection, and
therefore necessarily far from a complete treatment, this contribution

brings to light so many species new to America as to justify its ap-
1 Contribution from the Zodlogical Laboratory of the State College of
Washington.

220 JourNAL NEw York EntomotocicaL Society, [Vol. XXI.

pearance in print. It will at least serve to unify our present knowledge
of this series of important groups.

The species discussed in this paper are those grouped in the Agro-
myzide and Geomyzide of Williston’s Manual. These small flies be-
long to that division of the Acalyptrate Muscide where the auxiliary
vein is more or less rudimentary, ending, together with the first longi-
tudinal vein, distinctly before the middle of the wing; the basal cells
small and manifesting a tendency toward becoming incomplete, but
the anal cell almost always formed, although never produced. The
head is spherical or hemispherical, conical only in Selachops; is schizo-
metopic, which means that the frontal orbits are continuous with the
facial orbits and with the genz; the orbital bristles descend to below
the middle of the front; the center of the face is usually depressed
below the level of the orbits, and is not large nor arched, protuberant
only in Sinophthalmus; the arista is rarely loosely and long plumose,
is usually quite bare, but ranges to long-pubescent or even plumose;
the scutellum has protuberances only in Rhodesiella; the posthumeral
bristle is regularly absent; the legs are never greatly lengthened and ©
very rarely thickened; the tarsi are always slender, with the metatarsus
the longest joint. The oral vibrissee may be present or absent, the
wings may be pictured or not, the body may be stout or rather slender;
the color may be dark or light, and the proboscis may be long or short.
The vestiture may consist of a dense pruinosity or the insect may be
highly polished, while the body may have many or few bristles, or may
be clothed with hairs.

While the limits of the combined group here discussed are rela-
tively easily fixed, there being but few genera that have been ques-
tioned,! it has not proved so easy to define the boundaries of the sub-
families within the group. Various writers have reassigned doubtful
genera here and there, as will be seen in their discussion at the close
of this introduction.

Hendel and Czerny, recognizing the importance in phylogeny of
hidden characters that have not been influenced by the mode of life
of the species, have proposed the most satisfactory outlines of the sub-
family limits, emphasizing such apparently trivial but ancestral char-

1 Siligo Aldrich was described as a Helomyzid; Pelomyia Williston as an

Ephydrid; Eusiphona Coquillett as a Tachinid; Lestophonus Williston as an
Oscinid.

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. Oot

acters as the convergence or divergence of the minute postvertical
bristles, the manner of fracture of the basal portion of the costa, and
the intimate structure of the interfrontalia of the head. The form of
the proboscis, the structure of the legs, the venation, particularly of
the outer part of the wings, and the style of vestiture have been too
recently modified, as measured in biologic time, to be of much service
in indicating the interrelationships of subfamilies.

As will be noted the following analytical table makes use of char-
acters that are not customarily employed and which require consid-
erable magnification for their discernment. A few words will be
needed to explain the terminology adopted. The structure of the
cheeks, face and front has proved of great assistance in determining
subfamilies: not the general shape, but the vanishing details of the
proportions of the sclerites making up the head. The cheeks, that
lateral portion between the eyes and the mouth, are a complex of
several sclerites. Nearest the eye, the facial orbits, what the Germans
designate as Wangen, descend from in front, their delimiting suture
continuing straight downward or obliquely backward or even parallel
with the eye-margin before it vanishes. This part of the cheek,
nearest the eye, I have designated the gena, following Dr. Hough’s
selection of this term in his Muscide of Somaliland, 1898.1 Next to
the gena lies a varying-shaped piece, called by the Germans the Backe,
and by Dr. Hough the bucca. The oral vibrissa is always located near
the lower front angle of this piece, but the shape of the sclerite varies
greatly. In the Opomyzine it is linear and parallels the narrow
gena; in the Milichiine it is triangular, owing to an oblique extension
forward of the lower occiput, in which case the cheek consists largely
of this part of the occiput. Where the relative breadth of the bucca
and the gena is called for the measurement should be made near the
vibrissal angle, but, since the suture between these sclerites vanishes,
its course may need to be projected as a continuation of that part
present. In many of the Geomyzinz the lateral prolongations of the
center of the face are visible beneath the bucce, thus forming the real
margin of the mouth. These four sclerites which enter into the com-
position of the cheeks, probably originally sharply differentiated, are

1The term gena is in Greek geneion, in Italian guancia, in Spanish

mejilla, in French joue, and in English jow/, but these cognates indicate
merely the cheek in a generic sense.

222 JourNnaAL New York Entomotoeicat Soctety. [Vol. XXI.

now in such a state of fusion that their discernment is rendered a
matter of some difficulty, requiring the use of a compound microscope.

For many years the Acalyptrate Muscide have been lined up in
two groups according to the course of the auxiliary vein. The dis-
tinctness with which this vein is separated from the first longitudinal
is at most a matter of relativity, but since the auxiliary vein is an
ancestral relict in a modern group of insects, its course does serve
to interpret phylogeny. Heretofore the auxiliary vein has been cur-
sorily looked at and has been accounted absent when there is no dis-
tinct chitinization. A close examination, both by transmitted and by
reflected light, reveals a fold in the wing membrane even where the
vein is lacking, and thus the former course of the vein can be deter-
mined. For exactness this part of the wing must lie flat in the field
of vision. Moreover, the costa is frequently broken at the end of the
auxiliary vein, whether the vein itself is present or not, and, therefore,
the exact position of the costal break affords a valuable clue to the
ancestral history of these flies. Just beyond the humeral crossvein
the costa may be again broken, clearly discernible by transmitted light,
the break occurring where some of these flies, such as Stegana and
Drosophila, still fold down their wing. A distinct break at this place
is characteristic of the Milichiine, Drosophilinze and Ephydrine, but
does not occur in any of the Agromyzinz, Ochthiphiline, Geomyzine,
and several of the other groups. As a single character this costal
fracturing is probably as weighty as any.

The lengths of the crossveins as compared with the segments of
the longitudinal veins, the proportions of the sections of the costa, and
the course and termination of the longitudinal veins are all variable
within certain limits, but are useful characters for less than generic
determination. The shape of the calypter and the character of its
fringe of cilia, the form of the alula and of the anal angle of the wing,
the extent of the basal cells and of the anal vein, the position of the
crossveins, the origin of the third vein, the strength of the fourth and
fifth veins in particular, the hairiness of the basal section of the costa,
all offer characters of more than generic value, probably having been
under less rigorous selection than structures in the outer part of the
wing.

Naturally, chetotaxy is important here, as it is in related Muscide.
Not only the number of bristles and their exact location but even their

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SyNoPsIS OF DIPTERA. 923

inclination must be observed. This is particularly true of the bristles
on the front. The presence or absence of the anterior dorsocentrals,
of the presutural, of the sternopleural, mesopleural, and rarely of the
pteropleural, the number and direction of the scutellars, require notice.
The postverticals, oral vibrissa, preapical tibial bristles, acrostichal
and mesopleural setulz, prothoracic bristles and the hairs of the second
antennal joint are taxonomically important. The ocellars, vertical
bristles, occipital, supra-alar, coxal, femoral and abdominal bristles
are less utilized. However, any of the bristles may vary, and abso-
lute stress should not be laid on the presence or absence, size or incli-
nation of certain of the hairs. Within reasonable limits the chetotaxy
is reliable and offers a most valuable guide to the genera and species.

Within the group the proboscis is quite variable. It is twice
broken, the basal and end sections directed backward, the middle sec-
tion forward. Sometimes it is short and largely fleshy (Meoneura,
Chiromyia), again it is elongate, slender, strongly chitinized and
resembles a piercing organ (Milichiina). Even where it is of medium
size the labella may be broad and fleshy (Rhicnoessa) or may be
needle-like (Desmometopa). The palpi range from large and porrect
to small. Their shape and hairiness should be noted. The develop-
ment of the clypeus (variously called the prelabrum, upper-lip, ful-
crum, pharynx, Schlundgerust, Chitinhufeisen) is important. Hendel
restricts the term clypeus to the center of the face (antennal fovee,
Gesichtsleiste), a structure which still lacks a convenient English
name. The center of the face is bounded by the facialie or facial
ridges, which are more or less evidently separated from it and from
the gene. Sometimes the front is complex, with paraorbits, inter-
frontalia, ocellar triangle, cruciate bristles, and specialized stripes
(Chitinleisten) between the paraorbits and the ocellar triangle, all of
which may be present (Desmometopa), marking the front with a
letter M. Sometimes the front is simple, pollinose or not, but with
the ocellar protuberance alone differentiated. The shape of the lunule
is also noteworthy.

The shape and hairiness of the third antennal joint and less so of
the second; the development of the arista, whether slender, elongate,
pubescent, or with small or large basal segment; the excavation or
convexity of the upper occiput, and the profile of the head should be
noted. Less important is the structure of the thorax, abdomen and

224 JourNAL New YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. XXI.

legs. The hypopygium is enlarged only near Tethina, and the ovi-
positor is specialized rarely outside of the Agromyzine, where it is
cuneiform or tubular. However, the number of abdominal segments
is not constant, and should be observed.

In describing genera these preceding characters should be mainly
noted. Meigen, Zetterstedt, Schiner and Loew lived before the days
of chetotaxy and their descriptions are hard to interpret into the fol-
lowing tables. These tables have been constructed from what speci-
mens I have had to study, and I am not answerable for the correct
assignment of those genera I know only from descriptions. However,
my collection of this group includes thirty-seven genera, one hundred
and sixty-five species and about two thousand specimens, mainly, of
course, North American, and without such a representation this work
would have been impossible. The lack of definite information in the
older descriptions concerning characters now considered important
has made it necessary at times to select characters that we would not
willingly stress. The identification tables are thus largely artificial;
some of the groups seem natural and phyletically related, but often
the association of genera and species in the tables is due to the arbi-
trary emphasis of some selected character. All the genera hitherto
known, the world over, are included in the tables of genera, but only
the species known to occur in North America are given in the tables
of species. In presenting them I trust that the tables will be work-
able, and that they will help and not hinder other students in unravel-
ing the intricate species of this little known group.

The nearest relatives of the species herein discussed are the Dro-
sophiline, Oscinine and Ephydrine. In fact, the Geomyzinz are
more nearly related to the Drosophiline than they are to the Agro-
myzine. <Acarthrophthalmus of the Heteroneurine closely resembles
the Agromyzine, but its auxiliary vein is more distinct and separate
from the first vein and the break in the costa is near the humeral
crossvein.

The accompanying tabulation of characters is given for the prin-
cipal groups with which the species discussed herein might be con-
fused. In explanation, the sclerites comprising the cheeks, the lower
occiput, gena, bucca and center of the face are abbreviated O, G, B
and F, respectively, and the most important one is mentioned first.
Where there is but one costal break it occurs near the end of the

225

Synopsis OF DIPTERA.

.
.

MELANDER

Sept., 1913.]

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226 Journat New York Entomorocicat Society, [Vol. XX1.

auxiliary vein, except in Acarthrophthalmus as noted above: where
the costa is twice broken the first fracture is near the humeral cross-
vein and the second at the end of the auxiliary vein. This tabulation
is not infallible, but gives the characters usually and typically found.
It is often a difficult matter to know to what subfamily of the smaller
Muscidz a specimen should be assigned. The tabulation may there-
fore be found useful in verifying an identification.

In glancing over the enumerated species it will be noted that Agro-
myza is by far the dominant genus, followed by Phytomyza, which is
a close relative. The remaining genera have but one or a few species.
The characters by which many of the smaller genera are distin-
guished, such as the number of fronto-orbitals or dorsocentrals, the
shape of the cheeks and the size of the eye, have a range of varia-
bility in Agromyza equal to that found in a series of the small genera,
' but can not be utilized for the segregation of this complex genus. In
Agromysa, especially, the profile of the face can not be relied on too
strictly. Apparently the drying of the head vaults the mouth-opening
so that the epistome at times is projected more than at others and
thus in some specimens it becomes visible in profile. The shape of
the lunule may likewise change, according to the age of the specimen.
In this genus Agromyza it is often impossible to determine what are
varietal and what are specific limits. For instance, couplet 59, sepa-
rating melampyga and scutellata is unsatisfactory, containing char-
acters most trivial than some of the varietal characters given under
those species. Extreme variations, like the black orbona and the
yellow melampyga, would appear obviously distinct, but the other
forms exhibit gradations connecting these extremes in every particu-
lar. The discal cell varies from small to medium, the width and
shape of the front is inconstant, the maculation of the body and legs
ranges over almost the entire gamut of coloration in this genus, so
there is little that is tangible to use in limiting the species. Under
such circumstances my determinations can not be considered infallible,
but with determined European material before me for comparison the
identifications given may be utilized until the type material is com-
pared with larger collections of specimens. It is not unlikely that the
less ornate species are similarly variable and that the number of
described species will be materially reduced when much larger collec-
tions are studied. In several instances in the dichotomy I have

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 227

grouped a number of characters that are correlated in the specimens
before me. The descriptions of the older authors are often silent
regarding some of these characters, e. g., the color of the calypteres,
the numbex of fronto-orbitals or dorsocentrals, the details of venation,
etc. Rather than encumber the key with repeated statements that the
correlation of characters is based on the specimens studied and is not
known to hold in those species that I do not possess, I have left it
for the list of localities to indicate those species I have, and those
concerning which there might be doubt. The localities include, in
addition to places already recorded, the localities of specimens in the
collections of Dr. Garry deN. Hough, now at Chicago University,
and of Professor J. M. Aldrich. Those places from which I possess
specimens are marked with a star (*).

While in the preparation of this paper I have depended almost
entirely on the material in my own collection, still I wish here to
express my appreciation of the good-will of my friend, Professor
Aldrich, who has always been ready to share his collection and library
whenever asked. For some years our common interest in these flies
has brought out many inductions that working independently we might
have missed. Mr. Charles W. Johnson has also generously sent his
species of Spilochroa for examination.

The work on these small flies has practically all been done under
the Zeiss prism binocular microscope, using mainly the a, objective
and number 1 ocular. While a magnification of but thirty-one diam-
eters is thus produced, the clearness afforded by stereoscopic vision
has certainly repaid the extra labor of centering the specimens in the
field of the microscope. Indeed, the hand lens has been practically
discarded as incapable of resolving such difficult characters as the
fracturing of the costa or the boundaries of the sclerites of the head.
In this connection I wish to call attention to the insect holders, made
by the Spencer Lens Company and the Ernst Leitz Company, a ball
and socket attachment that easily enables a specimen to be viewed in
any position under the microscope. For extra illumination needed in
deciding difficult points I have attached over the field of the micro-
scope a small low-voltage tungsten automobile headlight. By placing
the lamp beyond the focal point the parabolic reflector concentrates
the light on the specimen. A step-down transformer furnishes low
voltage and a small rheostat regulates the intensity of illumination,

228 JournaL New York Enrtomotocicat Socrety, [Vol. XXI.

which can thus be instantly changed from a glow to twenty-five
candle power.

A few genera which have not found their final resting place in the
present systems of classification are discussed in the following notes.
The first five of these genera are not included in the table of genera,
the other three are.

Aulacigaster Macquart, which has been variously assigned to
the Agromyzine, Geomyzine, Drosophilinee and Ephydrinz, has the
second basal cell confluent with the discal, the anal cell well-formed,
the auxiliary vein relatively distinct and entirely separate from
the first vein, the costa broken at the humeral crossvein and again
at the auxiliary vein, the clypeus very large, the center of the
face continuing laterally under the bucce so as to comprise a large
part of the cheeks, the anterior fronto-orbitals proclinate and the
postverticals convergent. This combination of characters clearly
places it in the Drosophiline notwithstanding its bare arista. The
West Indian species figured by Williston in his Manual, page 292,
agrees with rufitarsis except that the auxiliary vein ends in the first
in Williston’s figure and the arista is pubescent.

Cyrtonotum Macquart has the costa twice broken. The struc-
ture of the orbital bristles, the face, cheeks and mouth is also like that
of the Drosophiline.

Leiomyza Macquart was reported by Williston, Entomological
News, vii, page 185, from America, but no species was described.
Becker places this genus with Aulacigaster in the Drosophiline. I
have no specimens and so have no opinion to offer.

Lipocheta Coquillett, which Williston once referred to the Och-
thiphiline, has the costa twice broken. It is a curious Ephydrid.

Sephanilla Rondani, described from Italy in 1874 and not since
reported, was placed by its author with Leucopis and Ochthi-
phila. It is, however, a shining black species, the front with a trans-
verse yellow band above the antenne, the mouth-parts, antenne,
halteres and legs in part light-colored. The lack of pruinosity, the
basal position of the crossveins and the course of the auxiliary vein
would indicate a Geomyzid or perhaps a Sapromyzid. It is not suffi-
ciently characterized to find a place in the table.

Pseudopomyza Strobl, located by the author in the Drosophi-
line or Geomyzine, is placed by Hendel close to Desmometopa.

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 229

Hendel’s figures show the proboscis to be like ‘that of Rhicnoessa and
the wing like that of Desmometopa. It is included twice in the key
to the genera in order to avoid confusion.

Rhicnoessa and Tethina have been variously shifted. The front
sometimes possesses hairs similar to the cruciate bristles of the
Milichiinz, in which group they have usually been tabulated, but the
structure of the face and cheeks is very much like that found in the
Geomyzine. With the latter group they find their best location, as is
shown by the single break in the costa, the pollinose body and espe-
cially the pollinose front, the more or less excavated occiput, and
the strong bristles, particularly of the pleure, such as the paired pro-
thoracic and the row along the posterior side of the mesopleure.
However, the auxiliary vein terminates in the first vein leaving the
break in the costa close to the end of the first vein, and not some dis-
tance before, as is otherwise the case in the Geomyzine before me,
while the chitinized and lengthened proboscis and the sometimes
prominent visbrissal angles show great similarity to Milichiine char-
acteristics. Professor Aldrich first suggested to me the identity of
Pelomyia Williston with Tethina.

TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES.

Auxiliary vein separated from the first vein, sometimes touching it before the
end and then again separating so as to end much before the termina-
tion of the first vein; postverticals convergent or wanting; costa
complete, at most slightly weakened just before the end of the aux-
iliary vein; densely gray-pruinose species, abdomen usually pictured
with brown or black spots; oral vibrisse wanting or not differentiated ;
frontal suture transverse, not highly arched: interfrontalia differ-
entiated only by a difference in color or sheen of the pollen, without
cruciate inner frontal bristles, the ocellar triangle pollinose; occiput
flattened ; oral margin not deeply excised in front, center of the face
broad, relatively flat and not impressed beneath the plane of the
orbits, no vibrissal angle; gene and bucce of cheeks not differen-
tiated; proboscis short, not bent back at the end; prothoracic bristles
wanting; one posterior sternopleural; mesopleure usually bare, rarely
with sparse sete; front femora with a series of uniform bristles on
the outer flexor edge; no preapical bristles on tibie, middle tibie with
apical spur; calypter large, ciliate; anal angle of wing well developed,
anal vein entirely rudimentary, basal cells complete. .OCHTHIPHILINA,

Auxiliary vein fused with the first vein for much of its length, or entirely
rudimentary ; costa broken at least before the end of the first vein;

230

2. Costa

JournaL New York Entomotocicat Socrety. [Vol. XX1.

rarely silvery-gray pruinose; oral vibrisse often present; frontal
suture usually arched, sometimes flattened...... Shexedsboas Ee exe si Ree
broken twice, once beyond the humeral crossvein at which place there
is usually a stronger costal bristle, and again just before the end of
the first vein; hairs of oral margin borne wholly or largely on the
lower occiput which arches forward under the eye, the gene greatly
reduced, leaving the bucce more or less triangular, with the oral
vibrissa at its front angle; face in profile concave, the vibrissal angle
often prominent and projecting as far as the level of the frontal
suture; a double row of cruciate bristles present along the middle of
the front, borne sometimes on specialized stripes, the interfrontalia
often evident and formed from the enlarged ocellar triangle; oral
margin often arched in front; proboscis geniculate, and usually
lengthened, the labella rarely fleshy; postverticals convergent, rarely
parallel or wanting, but never divergent; anterior dorsocentrals, pro-
thoracic, and mesopleural bristles rarely present; calypter small, rarely
densely ciliated; anal vein entirely rudimentary or wanting.
MILICHIIN#.

Costa not, or but very rarely, broken at the humeral crossvein, and without

corresponding bristle; bucca quadrangular or linear, or if triangular
usually broader behind, the occiput rarely .reaching forward on the
cheeks, the hairs of the oral margin therefore together with the
vibrissa borne by the bucca; face retracted or the vibrissal angle not
evident, produced only in some species of Rhicnoessa and Tethina;
front usually devoid of cruciate bristles, though sometimes hairy ;
ocellar triangle usually reduced, insect often pollinose; oral margin
not highly arched in front; proboscis short, usually very short, labella
rarely chitinous; prothoracic and mesopleural bristles usually pres-
ent; calypter usually large and densely ciliate; base of anal vein
UStially, TEvaGEnte ero. ocx aie eerely ars Sy eto te tote el wha fa rapet stelle ate erataNe et eetteto nate teke ts ar

3. Postverticals divergent, rarely wanting; basal joint of arista minute, shorter

than broad, the remainder of the arista closely short-pubescent; aux-
iliary vein, though rudimentary, usually ending in the first vein instead
of in the costa (sometimes, e. g., Phytomyza, Cryptochetum, the
auxiliary vein parallels the first vein for its entire course) and rarely
(e. g., Agromyza spp.) it approaches the first for a short distance to
bend away at the tip; the break of the costa at the end of the aux-
iliary vein, therefore, usually just in front of the termination of the
first vein; gene narrower than the bucce (except in Phytomyza spp.) ;
upper occiput not deeply concave; prothoracic bristle single.
AGROMYZIN&.

Auxiliary vein more or less distinct from the first vein and ending separately

in the costa at a greater distance from the first vein than its separa-
tion from it along the middle of its course, rarely the end of the
auxiliary vein has completely vanished, in which case the fracture of
the costa some distance before the ending of the first vein indicates

vept., 1913. ] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 231

its former course (in Rhicnoessa and Tethina the auxiliary vein ends
in the first vein); gene broader than or as broad as the bucce; post-
verticals convergent or wanting; antennal arista often loosely pubes-
cent or plumose, the basal joint always longer than wide, sometimes
even elongate and hairy; often the hairs of the oral margin are in
more than a single row; upper occiput often markedly concave; pro-
thoractes bristle, somletimiess paired. ce... ee eeces seed. GEOMYZIN&.

SUBFAMILY OCHTHIPHILIN/A.

TABLE OF GENERA.

But two posterior dorsocentrals; postverticals wanting; third antennal joint

short, reniform, the arista short and rather thick................. 2.
Presutural and postsutural dorsocentrals present; postverticals convergent;
third antennal joint longer, its upper outer end rather angulate..... 3.

2. Ocellar and fronto-orbital bristles wanting; palpi broad; mesonotum with
numerous setule; one presutural; second antennal joint bristleless;
mesopleure and pteropleure bare; alule large and rather pointed.
CHuropes Asia Noth AteniCas)is ajc es se acs ses vic ce Leucopis Meigen.

A pair of ocellar and two fronto-orbital bristles present; second antennal
joint with a bristle on the upper side; mesopleure and pteropleure
withs Sparsesettle = GEunOpe.)is.sseeteceece ccs Cremifania Czerny.

3. Head flattened, triangular, pointed at the insertion of the antenne, face
nearly horizontal; eyes horizontally oval; wings pictured. (Europe,
Norby AIITe tT CaM) iccoveverene)@cusne scenes el ee ierevers-ahesc lore Acrometopia Schiner.

Head more rounded, front not projecting; eyes rounded, not transverse. .4.

4. Dorsocentrals 1+ 2; no mesopleural bristles; foremost fronto-orbital an-
terior to the middle of the front; head but little broader than the
thorax. (Europe, Asia, North America.)........ Ochthiphila Fallen.

Dorsocentrals 1+ 3 (or 4); mesopleure sometimes with setule; foremost
fronto-orbital opposite middle of front; head conspicuously broader
thane themthoraxe (GE urope:)i.....c< o-c seas Parochthiphila Czerny.

LEUCOPIS Meigen.

Densely gray pruinose species of bluish-white luster, the abdomen
more purely white-gray. This pruinosity seems to increase with the
maturity of the individual, so that it does not altogether have specific
value. I have one specimen, presumably simplex, where even the
antenne and palpi are completely coated. The maculation of the
abdomen and the distinctness of the thoracic stripes are quite variable.
Indeed, it is doubtful if the species listed in the table represent valid
species, for there is much gradation. Most of my specimens belong

232 JournaL NEw York Entomotogicay Society, [Vol. XXI.

to griseola, a species which has not been hitherto reported from
America. Some individuals lack entirely the spots of the abdomen;
in others there is a tendency to forming the median stripe of bella.
Quite probably many of the records of bella should be referred to this
species. However, griseola is reported aphidivorous while bella is
coccivorous.

TABLE OF SPECIES OF Leucopis.

Bront tarsi wholly vorapmneipallyayellowsz1ee te seeooearieeeicn ane ennen oy

Front tarsi wholly or principally black; thorax with two central linear ciner-

eous black and two other broad brown vitte; first abdominal segment

blackish, the second with a pair of black dots; front bivittate with

black; base of antenne pruinose; legs black or cinereous, the knees

and base of posterior tarsi yellow; wings whitish, the costa infuscated.

I—T.5 nine 9 (ute Gast eae Wide Vasko) eee sen griseola Fallen.

2. Abdomen immaculate, thorax and front not vittate; legs black, the tibie

at base and tip and the tarsi yellowish; wings hyaline. 1.5 mm.
GN: Y¥:, Mass:; NuJ.;, N. Ee, Di Cs Va. Ga., Mich: Niebr..eWash-s)

simplex Loew.

Abdomen more or less spotted; thorax with two brown stripes........... 23.

3. Abdomen with first segment cinereous black, the second segment with a pair

of blackish spots, and the rest of the abdomen immaculate; thorax

bivittate; center of front gray, the orbits more silvery; antenne

black; 2 mm, (Burs SN: Ele Ne. Ge inde slat telex Nam lexs

GaP ye noes ocalo've Cavan ahotcue nnceamiaveselane sheuetsceveratiaveaeteroreteterrts nigricornis Egger.

Abdomen marked with additional spots; antenne more or less pruinose...4.

4. Thorax marked with two brown vitte convergent behind; front bivittate

with cinereous; blacks << cisc sci jetysywrendiers oie arene os eure oferta ise

Thorax not vittate with brown; front cinereous; abdomen with two lateral

spots and a median basal vittula of velvety black upon segments 2, 3

and 4. (Nebr.) (Can. Ent., XLII, 241, 1910.)..maculata Thompson.

5. Abdomen with the first segment black except the margins, the second

marked with three spots, the third and fourth with a median basal

black spot; antenne cinereous; wings milky. (W. Ind., Fla., Col.,

Gans, ' Cal, MEX: ) ic ic clove etlous coarser em tucerenere Grae epete tele CR ees bella Loew.

Abdomen with the first segment marked with deep brown except laterally and

posteriorly, the second, third and fourth segments with a slender sub-

interrupted stripe and a pair of rounded brown spots, diminishing in

size; base of antenne cinereous; wings hyaline. (Tex.,* N. Mex.,

Mies: > nUdeE) me eeutas erie ors shgte-ala bs cisoa era tee oavslnee ae bellula Williston.

ACROMETOPIA Schiner.

Tibie and front tarsi black; third antennal joint three times as long as wide,
bluntly rounded; front with a broad brown vitta; abdomen with many

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 233

black dots; basal half of wings with five brown dots, apical half with
lobe maitre crsls (CEA) ao nacoecoqae cue come punctata Coquillett.
Tibie and tarsi yellow; third antennal joint less than two times as long as
wide, the apical angle nearly rectangular; segments two to five of
abdomen each with a basal pair of black dots; wings marked with
numerous dots and streaks. 2mm. (Cuba.)....maculata Coquillett.

OCHTHIPHILA Fallen.

Hendel (Wien. ent. Ztg., XXIX, 313, 1910) and Coquillett (Type
Species N. Am. Gen. Dipt., 1910) prefer the name Chamemyia Meigen,
1803, to the generally accepted Ochthiphila of Fallen, changing also
the subfamily name to Chamemyine. Chamemyia was given by
Meigen in Illiger’s Magazine as a genus, with no species mentioned.
In 1810 Panzer described Chamemyia elegans, and therefore the genus
is usually accredited to him. In view of the present sentiment regard-
ing the overthrow of names in general usage, I regard it unnecessary
to discard Fallen’s name Ochthiphila.

Ochthiphila lispina Thomson, from California, is probably the
female of Schenomyza litorella Fallen.

TABLE OF THE SPECIES OF Ochthiphila.

Antenne wholly otsim pant: yellOw..wi- ci. ci-cic cele co ls cles ele oln cielo sisicls sis oles ele 2
Antenne entirely black; palpi dusky..........ccce eee cerceeeerererececs 4.
2. Third, fourth and fifth segments of the abdomen with broad black fascie
interrupted in the middle; a vague fascia across the middle of the
front, and another narrowly above the lunule; antenne reddish, the
third joint brown above, the arista brownish yellow. 2 mm. (Eur.;

NAPE) rere oe ittnato clea Stoic ster Bo RtoH ee dave. seer tsia euch ete elegans Panzer.
Abdomen with round black spots or else entirely unspotted; front not
HAS CLADE MCUs CMM OL Oil spots revel sletievelesieiicheles a) cieslciavalers!er= leleie sfslla! isle stlegeliery)'s an

3. Antenne wholly yellow, sometimes dusky at the base and apex; abdomen
usually not spotted, sometimes with small spots on the fifth segment ;
proboscis and palpi yellow; legs yellow, the femora cinereous black
except atthe tips. 3 mm, © (Bur. 5 i\Ont.)/¥..... 4 maritima Zetterstedt.

Antenne black, only the middle yellow; abdominal segments two to five,
with paired round black spots, laterally also spotted; palpi blackish,
apically yellowish. 2-3 mm. (Eur.;* Mass.,* N. Y.,* Can.,* N. J.,
Wits emma STIRS) enacts tara gue seveus srsheters: > sia.ti cxeneuenetetel < polystigma Meigen.

4. Legs principally black, the knees and hind metatarsi yellow; abdomen with
at most three pairs of black spots. 2mm. (Eur.; Col.)

geniculata Zetterstedt.

234 JouRNAL NEw York Entomo.ocicat Society. [Vol. XXI.

Tibie entirely Ayellowarcncccee ee a enen eee a. Sra taVa ended Sela ane eer ote Be
5. Abdomen usually with three pairs of dorsal black spots, and corresponding
lateral spots; arista blackish; legs yellow except the base of the

femora cinereous black and the end of the tarsi brown. 2-3 mm.

(Buns Mass; | Col) gc ao ak tachi oe ee juncorum Fallen.
Abdomen entirely unspotted, lacking both the dorsal and the lateral mark-
ines tom. (Ene Cole-] \Wiash since meee aridella Fallen.

SUBFAMILY MILICHIINA.

TABLE OF GENERA.

Costa prolonged as a pointed lappet at its break at the end of the auxiliary
vein; lower fronto-orbitals bent inward; interfrontal stripes bearing
evident cruciate bristles; abdomen often silvery; last section of fourth
vein at most two times as long as the preceding section; calypteres
with long cilia; cheeks very narrow; mesopleure often bristly.
CGroup MiGrGHEIN AS) actrees ee eieicteeie Sotcre oreo ean PR TN eee a

Basal section of costa not overlapping the outer section at the break before
the end of the first vein; cruciate bristles sometimes reduced; abdo-
men rarely silvery ; last section of the fourth vein at least three times
as long as the preceding section; anterior crossvein beyond the costal
break; mesopleure rarely with bristles; calypteres rarely with dense

cilias, 2 CGroup Y MADIZINAG) ics creo ecctcmee ee oe reenereeteeeee iene BOF agrees an

2. Hind margin of eye not excised; eyes pubescent............0-.2cceecee 3.
Hind margin of eye excised at the level of the antenne: this may be a
narrow excision or may continue to the lower corner of the eye....4.

3. Mesopleure bare; proboscis not remarkably developed, palpi spatulate; face
broader), .Ceunope. Attica: Java iemeiaane ‘Milichia Meigen, sens. str.

Mesopleure with three or four strong bristles; proboscis elongate and
geniculate, the outer portion long and directed backward; palpi slen-
der; face narrow. (South America, North America.)

Pholeomyia Bilimek.
4. Mesopleure without strong bristles; first segment of male abdomen pro-
jecting over the middle of the second segment................- saree

Mesopleure with strong bristles; posterior margin of the first segment of
the abdomen @Q straight, not medially gripping the second segment ;
proboscis not lengthened. (South America.)...Pseudomilichia Becker.

5. Head and thorax roughened, with fine pubescence; proboscis very long and
geniculate, aC Souther AmerICa®) mci iereterelaereiiiet Tan ooo Ulia Becker.

Head and thorax smooth, the hairs and bristles normal; proboscis normal.6.

6. Four dorsocentrals; pubescence of mesonotum scattered and coarse. (South
AMETICAS) ieee eshe Gieteas owls eR hee OU eon Eccoptomma Becker.

One or two dorsocentrals; pubescence of mesonotum close and _ short.
(Europe, Africa, New Guinea, Hawaii, North America, South
Americas) sake ates eal eee whe Eetluiaentte Milichiella Giglio-Tos.

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 235

7-

8.

9.

io

it.

12.

nah

14.

Front narrow, nearly three times as long as the width above, with about
eleven pairs of uniform fronto-orbitals; first vein ends near the
middle of the wing; third and fourth veins converging so as almost
to close the first posterior cell; three humeral bristles, one presutural,
two small dorsocentrals placed well back; costa almost bare; calypteres
rather large, the upper one delicately ciliate; head large, hemispherical,
cheeks very narrow, no vibrissal angle; proboscis very long, slender
and geniculate; eyes bare. (North America.)..Eusiphona Coquillett.

Front relatively broader, never with many large fronto-orbitals; first vein
ends nearer base of the wing; first posterior cell never markedly
Marcoweds wcalypteres) rudimentary..aece seco ele cra ce ee ke csi ere hes 8.

Hairy, almost bristleless, no vibrissz, fronto-orbitals or scutellars; front,
eyes, mesonotum and pleure hairy; front below ocelli over twice as
long as wide; cheeks one sixth the eye-height; proboscis short and
LODUStAM CNOLtIM AmMettica.) es ceci cee ce aaletere ..Arctobiella Coquillett.

Not densely hairy species, macrochete differentiated; front transverse or
quadrate (rarely, e. g., Platophrymyia, Leptometopa), longer than
UVSC Mena ns, cechets CP eRe tetera sent IN Sedan LeEclier oe GML Uatiavranate Sie lavel ete eto ie eae ard 9.

Proboscis long, chitinized and geniculate, the outer portion folding back;
vVibtissal angle of cheeks usually distinct... 0.6. se. e cnc ss se 10.

Proboscis very short, fleshy, the labella not strongly geniculate, nor con-
structed for piercing; oral margin not or scarcely projecting, usually
several vibrisse in an oblique row in front..... Bs eoatatethe ee cleiacers Bee

Arista thickened; third antennal joint small; front square; palpi linear,
long and porrect; bristles strong, a presutural and a dorsocentral
present in front of the suture; costa not bristly, stopping at the third
Martin CON onth eAmierioas)is chee nase seve a0 Aldrichiella Hendel.

Arista slender; front usually transverse; palpi more or less clavate; meso-
notum rarely bristly in front of the suture................. ite DLs

Posterior crossvein and anal cell entirely wanting, the anterior crossvein
located much before the end of the first vein, the costa stopping at
the third vein; cheeks narrow; palpi slender; tibie slender.......12.

Posterior crossvein present, the anterior crossvein opposite or beyond the
end of the first vein; anal cell usually present......... Bete ereieicys 13.

Face with a prominent central nasiform projection; antenne rather long,
arista bare; one presutural, mesopleural bristles present. (Africa.)

Risa Becker.

Face deeply concave; antennz short, the third antennal joint large, orbicu-
lar, the arista pubescent; no mesopleural bristles. (North America.)
Paramyia Williston.

Tibie, especially the hind pair, compressed, explanate, and more or less
clavate, particularly in the male; costa extends to the fourth vein. .14.

Tibie not compressed and clavate in either sex; palpi large, porrect...17.

Head horizontally longer than high, the entire under side horizontally
straight; front longer than wide; pteropleure with bristles; third and

236 JouRNAL NEw York Entomotocicat Society. [Vol. XXI.

T5e

16.

ne

i8.

19.

20.

fourth veins convergent, ending at wing-tip; base of costa not bristly;
palpivelongate, SCATEICal)iraisteiey store stetesei heist eile Leptometopa Becker.
Head higher than long, the lower side not entirely horizontal; front not
narrowed; first posterior cell not narrowed, ending beyond the wing-

tip; palpi short and broad...... aisteyensane & oteenuslottn sates Setter AES?
Antenne broadly separated by the large carinate lunule; oral margin re-
tracted; base of costa not bristly; pteropleural bristle present. (Asia.)
Hypaspistomyia Hendel.

Antennal grooves confluent, the lunule not large; vibrissal angle promi-
HVC TUED, isos s: Be rage caretelone GUCHEEENE fous Famer oka Toto ke ESTEE Tove excrete: Gee 16.
Base of costa furnished with bristly hairs; whole body opaque; cruciate
bristles of front strong and usually on evident stripes; the two upper
fronto-orbitals bent outward. (Europe, Asia, Africa, North America.)
Desmometopa Loew.

Base of costa not bristly; body polished; cruciate bristles delicate, of the
upper fronto-orbitals the anterior is proclinate, the other reclinate.
(Europe, orth, America.) = ac cc. =stets oh oo ss Scleetes = Madiza Fallen.
Under side of head long, straight, horizontal, the epistome projecting ;
front narrowed, with a longitudinal depression on each side; face
carinate; abdomen pruinose; anterior dorsocentrals absent. (North

‘Am enieas)| cies alacteteie ie aici one nite k Sittiebace Platophrymyia Williston.
Under side of head rounded, not entirely horizontal; front quadrate;
abdomen not pruinose; palpi greatly compressed..............+. 18.

Four strong dorsocentrals and one presutural present; third antennal joint
very large, in the male quadrate; arista loosely pubescent; eyes
hairy; three upper fronto-orbitals; scutellar bristles diverging; palpi
bristly; dark pollinose species. (Europe, North America.)

Phyllomyza Fallen.

Anterior dorsocentrals rarely present; eyes nearly or quite bare; palpi not
markedly bristly ; shining or subshining species..........- Litealae 19.

Anterior fronto-orbitals wanting, leaving only the upper three; apical scu-
tellars converging; antenne normal.............. sere inane NaroformicOe

About six pairs of fronto-orbitals descending quite to the antenne, the
lower set converging; proboscis slender, the part folding back as long
as the middle portion; one or two dorsocentrals; no mesopleural
bristlem@srp.cd.ms Peensnte Ceneie wets er srain siatebatelstoeisic. © steteteethes taney See suche oie 2.

One dorsocentral and one pair prescutellars on the same transverse line,
two supra-alars, one sternopleural; the upper fronto-orbitals on a
line with the posterior ocelli, the second a little above the middle of
the distance between the lower ocellus and the antenne, the lowest
immediately below the second and proclinate; cheeks narrow. (Eu-
ropes North cAmerted=) eierclcret events ata aiieis te Savele Sere) eis ere Cacoxenus Loew.

One anterior and three posterior dorsocentrals, three rows of acrostichals,
no prescutellar, three weak supra-alar and one intra-alar; no sterno-
pleural, one weak and one strong mesopleural; the three uniformly

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: Synopsis oF Diptera. 237

21.

22.

23

24.

25.

spaced reclinate fronto-orbitals descend below the middle of the front;
cheeks one third the eye-height ; anal and second basal cells wanting,
alula wanting (?), base of costa with bristly hairs; ovipositor large,
broadly oval; labella fleshy and short. (Europe.)
Pseudopomyza Strobl.
Third antennal joint not large; three upper fronto-orbitals; bristles long,
the apical scutellars diverging; middle and hind femora slightly en-
larged; palpi greatly compressed, bare except for a few bristles on
lower edge and at tip; base of costa with short fine hairs, the sections
of the fourth vein 1:3; eyes round; testaceous species. (North
NITE TSI CAS) RVees ayaa eee ethos orc T on a MEET Sie uc ial Cee rode heroes Stomosis n. g.
Third antennal joint very large, in the male quadrate and woolly-pubescent ;
two or three upper fronto-orbitals; scutellars converging; femora not
incrassate; base of costa with short bristly hairs, the penultimate
section of the fourth vein less than one third the length of the ulti-
mate; eyes vertically lengthened; black species. (North America.)
Neophyllomyza n. g.
Wings rudimentary, scarcely longer than the scutellum; abdomen broadly
swollen; one oral vibrissa; antenne lying in a deep facial groove;
mesonotum without discal macrochete. Parasiticonbirds. (Europe.)

(SeensCollins Now. Zool: 182138 (291d) een ce oa Carnus Nitzsch.
Wings normal, longer than the abdomen; abdomen not swollen; not para-
SUELO Mut ovets ced Bh Vetpee nce con dh clas ahegoracai sy aioker sie v oi vousi sree oe © Ar Meconal shay ees hss Zee

Second, third and fourth veins curving forward, ending before the tip of
the wing; posterior crossvein beyond the middle of the wing; costa
reaching the fourth vein; scutellum large, with lateral spinous tuber-
cles near the apex, the apical scutellar bristles diverging; mesonotum
punctulate, pleure smooth; cheeks very narrow. (Africa.)

Rhodesiella Adams.

Fourth vein ends beyond the wing-tip; scutellum normal, the apical bristles
cruciate; mesonotum not punctulate; mesopleural bristles present;
cheeksmcompatativielys broad iy. omic cick © lemtewieisrsisie = Cee ates seeds

Costa continuing to the fourth vein; posterior crossvein much beyond the
end of the first vein, the penultimate section of the fourth vein longer
than the ultimate section of the fifth; costa not bristly ; face strongly
carinate; postverticals parallel; one pair of interfrontal cruciate bris-
tles ; anterior dorsocentral present. (North America.) .Paramadiza n. g.

Costa evanescent beyond the third vein; discal cell minute, the penulti-
mate section of the fourth vein about one fourth the length of the
ultimate section of the fifth vein.......... Honhe horas APSR Ae acta ees

Entire costa with well-separated bristles; second and third veins converg-
ing; center of the front with many rough hairs; face with a hemi-
spherical subantennal depression; anterior dorsocentral present; tibie
eonipressed.. (CASIa.)). nescuesciccsensc acca oes Horaismoptera Hendel.

Costa not spinose, but pectinate with stiff bristles up to the end of the

238 JournaL New York Enrtomotocicat Society. [Vol. XX1.

first vein; third vein ending at the wing-tip, not converging with the
second vein; one pair of interfrontal cruciate bristles; face with two
subantennal depressions and carinate medially between them; ante-
rior dorsocentral wanting; postverticals parallel. (Europe, Africa,
North vAmenica.)) icc. c.c scenes © oe eile histeveretcieicte tare Meoneura Rondani.

PHOLEOMYIA Bilimek.

Three evident dorsocentrals; thorax nearly matte brownish black; abdomen

of male not ‘Silvery oes vere se mise sein ore Sheila eects Sie See oe enters ze
One or two evident dorsocentrals; abdomen of male more or less silvery
WHIES Sic 5 she Fa oh ea ae ae aye ew Shanes Sedan S ene arene orate oiteMe. 8 Nac ser ere keuey Stee Taree a

. Sides of front nearly parallel, the width of the front at the antenne equal
to the length of an antenna; abdomen concolorous with the thorax
or slightly more shining. 4 mm. (W. Ind., N. H., Mass.,* Ct., Pa.,*
N. Ja Plast (Gas Nebr Td) atheist indecora Loew.

Front greatly narrowed toward the antenne so that its least breadth is but
little more than one-half the length of an antenna; abdomen with a
dull*red silky sheen, 4 mmiy “(Elayti)).. <2 eee ee myopa n. sp.

3. All the segments except the first of the male abdomen silvery............ 4.

At least two segments of the male abdomen not silvery...............+.- 5.

4. Second segment of the male abdomen longer than the third and fourth
together. 3 mm. (W. Ind., Ga.) (WMilichia.)....leucogastra Loew.
Abdominal segments of uniform size. (Ga.*) (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., V,
524, 1907: Rhynchomilichia.)........Jeucogastra var. dispar Becker.

5. Second segment of the male abdomen with a median crescentic blackish spot
on the silvery ground, the third and fourth segments wholly silvery.

3 mm. ( Hendel: Wien. ent. Ztg., XXX, 40, figs. 5-7, 1911.) (S.Am.,,

IME)! okareete ain aleve eles Bisa ccateler bites Sie erste Pere leucozona Bilimek.

Second segment black, the third and fourth not wholly silvery........... 6.

6. Entire abdomen matte black, only the fifth segment with two silvery lateral
spots. 2.5 mm. (Ga.) (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., V, 524, 1907.)
CRhynchomilichtay Groce cts is ee ate eiejer ects pseudodecora Becker.

First and second segments entirely black, the front of the third, fourth and
fifth segments with silvery fascie, that of the fifth segment inter-
tupted. 2mm, (Pla) G@iithchia) ene... sos robertsoni Coquillett.

ty

Pholeomyia myopa new species.

Male.—Very close to indecora Loew, but differing in the structure of the
head. The eyes are larger, encroaching on the front and face, the facets are
larger, requiring about five to measure the width of the third antennal joint,
whereas in indecora about six facets span the same distance. The front is
conspicuously but uniformly narrowed toward the antennez, where it is much
narrower than the length of an antenna. The ocelli are close together and
small, the ocellar triangle smaller than the third antennal joint. The cruciate

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 239

bristles are greatly reduced, but three distantly spaced pairs of insignificant
hairs remaining. The lunule is highly arched, and notched at its summit.
The face is correspondingly narrowed, and is provided with a median seam,
which is lacking in indecora. The crowding of the face raises the oral bristles,
which ascend fully half way to the antenne. The palpi are bristly. In inde-
cora the palpi are almost devoid of bristles and the oral vibrisse do not extend
half way to the antennz. Furthermore, the abdomen of the present species is
silky, with a distinct red sheen.

One specimen. Hayti.

MILICHIELLA Giglio-Tos.

Mesonotum gray pruinose, with five vitte, of which the median one extends
almost across the scutellum; abdomen brownish, somewhat shining;
one dorsocentral; palpi white. 1.5 mm. (Porto Rico.) (Ophthal-
WLOMLVAE® Warelora com cteiciaterere icici clareieie eel oeerteis where olerat ess cinerea Coquillett.

Shining black species; thorax devoid of pollen; usually two dorsocentrals.. .2.

2. Palpi red, only the tip blackened; lunule, root of antenne, knees and tarsi
brownish; abdomen of male and female black. 3-4.5 mm. (Cal.*)

QWatetN cite Ata pp OG eS Oye O iL) tere stele aera eT adateaystayelel=) nitida Hendel.

Daihen, lias, Ike, Cre, INGO, ssc ocoosecoduoobonauaunocbeopbobouend oe a
3. Upper side of abdomen of male entirely silvery. 2.5 mm. (N. Y., Ont.,*
N. J., Fla., Ga.,* Kans.) (Milichia: Lobioptera.)..... arcuata Loew.
Abdomen of male and female mostly or wholly black................... 4.

4. Second segment of male abdomen with a lateral silvery spot. 3.25 mm.
INP ued) Pa Peiciteoncre auyetotatcnar tose na arte ateronaiins siekersyorels aeidniolele bisignata n. sp.
Abdomen wholly without silvery markings..............2ceeeeeeeecees re

5. Wings milky, veins white, first posterior cell almost closed in the margin.
25-3 mm. (Air; E. Ind.; W. Ind.;* Hawaii; S. Am.; N. J., D. C.,

’ Fla., Ga.,* Tex.,* N. Mex., Kans.) (Ophthalmomyia.)
lacteipennis Loew.
Wings hyaline, first vein heavy and brown, a dark spot at the tip of the
costal cell, first posterior cell narrowed but not nearly closed at its
apex. 3 mm. (Cal.) (1 Rept. Laguna Marine Lab., 162, fig. 94,
Ti SO) een ote ttey eb au cress foi Tontecelrchetis evopeCole te 'eoiie: =\"@Nayaseys)isjenci wists nigrella Cole.

Milichiella bisignata new species.

Male.—Length 3.25 mm. Vertex a little wider than one third the head;
third antennal joint with gray spongy pubescence, slightly reddish in ground
color on the sides at the base; lunule black; about six vibrisse; palpi black.
Mesonotum glistening black; scutellum shining black; knob of halteres yellow.
The four basal segments of the abdomen overlaid with brown dust except as
follows: the extreme sides of the first segment, the broad sides of the second,
the apical angles of the third and fourth. The extreme base of the fifth seg-

240 Journat New York Entomotocicat Society. [Vol. XXI.

ment is similarly dusted, the remainder polished black. The apical angles of
the second segment filled with a transverse silvery spot, the anterior margin
of which is round. Legs black. Calypteres pure white. Wings hyaline, veins
pale yellow, but a brown spot near the end of the first vein; third vein straight,
the fourth vein curving forward so that the apex of the first posterior cell is
one third as wide as the end of the submarginal cell.

I have two specimens before me, received from Professor Aldrich.
These were collected by Mr. C. W. Johnson at Riverton, New Jersey,
and bear date of July 4. The name bisignata is a manuscript name
given by Mr. Coquillett to this species and has been used in the New
Jersey Lists.

EUSIPHONA Coquillett.

Dull black, including the antennz, palpi, halteres and legs, the tarsi infuscated ;
the face and gene white-pruinose, and when viewed from in front the
whole front between the narrow orbits is golden pruinose, leaving the
elongate narrow ocellar triangle black; wings very faintly smoky.
coumarin VG oe Net espn Lill tae Olle) vate yetieteteten-taitevere rerun mira Coquillett.

ARCTOBIELLA Coquillett.

Black, including the halteres, the body opaque, somewhat velvety; wings pale
brownish, the anterior crossvein near the middle of the discal cell.
Ap smaings el BS Ce) rracsteiopeuctenere ele eleles eet teeter old -as former telage obscura Coquillett.

ALDRICHIELLA Hendel.

Testaceous, the antenne reddish with black arista, palpi yellow, proboscis
black; a dark spot above the neck on the occiput and thorax, meso-
notum reddish, scutellum, pleuree and venter yellow, tergites black,
but the sides of the abdomen becoming increasingly yellow towards
the anus; metanotum and a spot at the base of the hind coxe black;
halteres yellow, wings hyaline. 2.5 mm. (S. Dak.*) (Wien. ent.
ZENS OXON, 37 TON LS) Mev eratal ene tole tetereve steractenete tenors agromyzina Hendel.

PARAMYIA Williston.

Shining black, the front with a dull stripe on each side of the elongate ocellar
triangle; halteres, knees, front tibie and the tarsi brown; postverticals
long, cruciate, one sternopleural; palpi long, straight and porrect;
both the upper divergent and the lower convergent fronto-orbital
bristles present. 2 mm. (Pa., Ga.,* W. Ind.) (Nigra Williston.)
(BAG omy sa) Oo. wise Hoes Ns aA GINS TOs Bete SE nitens Loew.

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SyNopsts OF DIPTERA. 241

a

DESMOMETOPA Loew.

The interfrontal cross-bristles located on evident stripes which form a letter
Mir onthe blackrdmro titel cteclave cierexsioicrete cals srauntoticisie eo elece eheneuelete a 2k
The cross-bristles are not located on specialized stripes; front red anteriorly ;
cheeks, palpi and halteres yellow; front tibie with two narrow pale
rings, tarsi annulate; hind femera of male strongly explanate. (Eur.;

Ont; Massa Pa Ne J. TS Tex aS. Dak. Ala. Wash-*)
latipes Meigen.
2. Halteres black; palpi and legs wholly black; entire insect black. (Eur. ;*
Mires let avis oe Geter see ck, cP ay clam siebeyereitis mail a teueua vena sordidum Fallen.
Pelee Sis al epey cl We ral Napel el ove iticn Wee suayeneisue aie) sal hehe)aganeiaiere: ects leks s tayaiedeiw.siesveve.sts 3.
3. Palpi wholly black; tarsi more or less reddish; cheeks black, narrow, the
pollinose lower edge delimited from the polished upper part by a
waving line. (Africa; Asia; Cuba; Ga.,* Mass.,* Tex.*) .tarsalis Loew.
Palpi yellow at the base and black at the end; tarsi black; cheeks one third
the eye-height, the pollinose lower portion with biangulate margin.
(Chines ea Avira ta) Miagsery ING: Is) .ie.. wavs iee-cvaysle ecveve m-nigrum Zetterstedt.

MADIZA Fallen.

a

Polished black, including the halteres, the abdomen very lightly dusted; lunule,
palpi and posterior tarsi yellowish; wings whitish hyaline, veins pale
viellowsaee2 tae (OVWa lindas Miaissh co ING Wiens New) s) LIE Ala oo exc.
Col.,* Wyom.,* N. Mex., Id., Wash.,* B. C.*) (Desmometopa.)

halteralis Coquillett.

PLATOPHRYMYIA Williston.

I strongly suspect that this genus and Leptometopa Becker are the
same. The narrowed first posterior cell, the pruinose abdomen, the
whitish wings, the narrowed front, and the long horizontal oral margin
are suggestive of the synonymy. The strikingly explanate hind tibie
of Leptometopa are characteristic of the males alone. It is possible
either that the West Indian species is not so formed, in which case
the two are different genera, or that the description of Platophrymyia
was drawn up from a female. Williston states that the legs are short
and rather strong, a description that characterizes the female of
Leptometopa. I have specimens of Leptometopa from Cape Colony,
South Africa. :

Black, including the antenne and palpi; thorax lightly cinereous, abdomen
pruinose; halteres yellow; metatarsi yellowish; wings whitish-hyaline.
PEETILTAT NAD EN VASMLAL ULES) eyacetara te. ctarehecsisnsy ste tsbstanelsl arstelerw sie Siereere nigra Williston:

242 JournaL NEw York Entomotoaicat Socrery, [Vol. XXI.

PHYLLOMYZA Fallen.

Dull black, the halteres, tarsi and more or less of the tibie brown; wings
cinereous hyaline; interfrontal setule continuing to the lunule; third
antennal joint of female orbicular, of male very large, quadrate and
sericeous-pubescent ; face of male greatly excised in profile. 2.5 mm.
(Gears NE aia) fora tottere tector aparece rete aisteyere tee securicornis Fallen.

CACOXENUS Loew.

Head and thorax blackish, but overlaid with opaque yellow pollen; legs, abdo-
men and scutellum yellow, the base of the scutellum merging with the
color of the mesonotum; wings hyaline, with yellow veins. 2 mm.
CC aban. Pes ia era ole eee ste oe eet te ae semiluteus Loew.

STOMOSIS new genus.

Postverticals long, cruciate; ocellars distant from each other the
width of the front ocellus; interfrontal hairs very few, a pair of
converging hairs at the middle of the front; three upper diverging
fronto-orbitals; buccal ridge with a row of small bristles diminishing
in size toward the occiput; lowermost occiput with three oral bristles.
Proboscis long, slender, rigid, geniculate at the middle; palpi elongate,
spatulate, strongly compressed, bristly along edge at tip. Third joint
of antenne rounded, orbicular, incumbent on the face; arista one and
one half times the length of the antennz, short-pubescent with fine
and rather close hairs. Eyes rounded, the cheeks one sixth the eye-
height; vibrissal angle moderately prominent; face much excised in
profile; gene greatly attenuated along the middle of the face. One
humeral, two notopleural, one presutural, one supra-alar, two intra-
alar, two approximate dorsocentrals, six rows of acrostichals; the
apical scutellars very long and diverging; one posterior sternopleural.
Legs rather stout, front femora with bristles, no preapical tibial
bristles. Costa continuing to the fourth vein; before the first vein
the costa has short, fine hairs; second, third and fourth veins parallel;
sections of fourth vein proportioned about one to three, the penulti-
mate section slightly longer than the ultimate section of the fifth vein.

Type: Stomosis (Desmometopa) luteola Coquillett.

Testaceous, including the antenne, halteres and legs, the abdomen a little
brownish ; a brownish line extends along the upper edge of the sterno-
pleura; arista and bristles black; wings hyaline, veins yellowish. 2
mim: (CATIZE ext* ios. thacvie ee erotiee terete eens luteola Coquillett.

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 243

NEOPHYLLOMYZA new genus.

Postverticals converging; paired cruciate bristles present along the
middle of the front; fronto-orbital bristles extending quite to the
antennz, the upper ones diverging, the lower converging. Face exca-
vated, cheeks narrow, the vibrissal angle prominent, oral vibrissz
large; eyes vertically lengthened. Antenne large, of the male greatly
enlarged, the arista slender, short-pubescent, the hairs dense or loose.
Proboscis long, slender, geniculate; palpi enlarged, compressed, por-
rect, bristly along the edge at the end.

One large dorsocentral, one humeral, two notopleural, one pre-
sutural, two supra-alar, acrostichal and other setule numerous and
uniformly distributed; apical scutellar bristles long and converging;
one sternopleural, no mesopleural bristles. Legs rather strong, setu-
lose; pulvilli minute; no preapical tibial bristles. Costa attains the
fourth vein, twice broken, towards the base ciliate with fine, small
bristles and with a stronger humeral bristle before the first break;
second, third and fourth veins parallel; crossveins approximate ; fifth
vein evanescent; second basal and anal cells rudimentary or incomplete.

Type: Neophyllomyza quadricornis, new species following.

TABLE OF SPECIES OF Neophyllomyza.

Submarginal cell narrowed at its extremity, its costal margin about one half that
of the first posterior cell; penultimate section of the fourth vein less
than one third as long as the ultimate section; knees, more or less
of the tibie and all of the tarsi yellow; frontal orbits subshining ;
mesonotum shining; proboscis shorter than the head. 1.5mm. (West
Iisa dS Ma ee secietal «so cetccotsieteia hel stafetebo ans wiles tie. anes eeayiox os magnipalpus Williston.

Submarginal cell as broad as the first posterior cell at the extremity; at least
the tibize black; proboscis longer than the head.................. Bs

2. Mesonotum polished black; orbits narrowly shining; penultimate section of
the fourth vein one third as long as the ultimate section; anal cell
rudimentary ; tarsi yellow; halteres shining black. 2.25 mm. (Id.*)

nitens n. sp.

Mesonotum sericeous black; front entirely sericeous; penultimate section
of the fourth vein less than one fourth as long as the ultimate section;

anal cell wanting; tarsi black or blackish; halteres blackish. 1.5 mm.
Gli Winshe- te Ne olen Wat)i cr core. ac lene aie ele uleree quadricornis n. sp.

Neophyllomyza quadricornis new species.

: Male.—Length 1.5 mm. Black, subshining. Front sericeous, the orbits,
ocellar triangle and the stripes for the cruciate bristles not differentiated ; two

244 JourNAL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL Society, © [Vol. XXI.

diverging upper and two converging lower fronto-orbitals; three pairs of cru-
ciate bristles and an additional one above the base of each antenna; front
broader than long, the frontal suture arched over each antenna. Face extra-
ordinarily excavated to receive the large antenne, the facial orbits obliterated ;
cheeks one tenth the eye-height. The third joint of the antenne greatly en-
larged, subquadrate, reaching quite to the oral margin, densely clothed with
erect silky pubescence, the arista as long as the diagonal of this joint. Pro-
boscis long, slender, the elbow extending much beyond the epistome; palpi
porrect, compressed, subulate. Mesonotum subshining, almost sericeous; one
large dorsocentral, setule numerous; pleure polished; abdomen subshining.
Legs entirely black, at most the tarsi brownish. Halteres dull black; calypteres
dusky, with a loose fringe. Wings hyaline, the veins black; the vein between
the first and second basal cells wanting, anal cell entirely wanting; penultimate
section of the fourth vein about one fifth as long as the ultimate section and
about one half the length of the ultimate section of the fifth vein.

Female—The female differs in the structure of the head. The third joint
of the antenne is much reduced in size, scarcely reaching the mouth and it is
less quadrate, but is similarly pubescent; the arista is nearly two times the
length of this joint. The face is less remarkably excavated.

Five males and two females from the Cedar Mountains of Idaho;
Bellingham, Washington; Cloudcroft, New Mexico; and Opelousas,

Louisiana.

Neophyllomyza nitens new species.

Female—Length 2.25 mm. Polished jet black, the tarsi alone yellow; last
antennal joint and palpi dull black, the front sericeous except the polished
narrow orbits, ocellar triangle and the slender stripes bearing the cruciate
bristles; the basal three segments of the abdomen lightly dusted. Front
nearly square, the uppermost frontal bristle inclinate, the next two divergent,
the lowermost two convergent, between the lowermost two is a pair of minute
convergent bristles; five pairs of cruciate setule; postverticals large. Arista
microscopically pubescent, about six times as long as the third antennal joint.
Palpi very broad; elbow of proboscis not reaching beyond the epistome. One
dorsocentral; mesopleure closely fine-hairy and not setulose; one sterno-
pleural. Calypteres minute but with numerous cilia. Halteres black, the knob
polished. Wings hyaline; penultimate segment of the fourth vein about one
third as long as the ultimate segment and equal to the ultimate segment of the
’ fifth, which is evanescent at the end; second basal and anal cells minute,
barely formed.

One specimen, Avon, Idaho, July 26, 1912.

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SyNopsis OF DIPTERA. 245

PARAMADIZA new genus.

Front below the ocelli quadrate, one third broader than long;
ocellar triangle large, reaching nearly to the frontal suture, before
its apex a single pair of cruciate bristles; four fronto-orbital bristles,
the lower two convergent, the upper two divergent; postverticals
approximate and parallel, strong; frontal suture transversely bisin-
uate. Face nearly vertical, with two large deep subantennal depres-
sions and strongly carinate medially, the epistome slightly projecting.
Cheeks one fourth the eye-height, the vibrissal angle rounded-rectan-
gular; occiput obliquely descending to the vibrissal angle, its ridge
with a row of strong bristles; two strong and one weak vibrisse along
the front of the small bucca; eyes rounded, longest vertically. An-
tenn small, reaching two thirds the distance to the oral margin, the
arista about twice the length of the orbicular third joint, bare. Pro-
boscis short, fleshy; the palpi clavate. Two humeral bristles; two
notopleural, one presutural, two supra-alars, one intra-alar, three
dorsocentrals in back and one in front of the suture, acrostichals
sparse, four scutellars; one sternopleural, one lower and one postero-
superior mesopleural in addition to the setule, no prothoracic bristles.
Scutellum subtriangular, flat, bare. Abdomen with five segments plus
the ovipositor, with sparse setule. Legs moderately stout, front
femora bristly, posterior tibize with small apical spurs, but not at all
compressed; pulvilli small. Calypteres rudimentary, bare. Costa con-
tinuing to the fourth vein, broken beyond the humeral crossvein and
before the end of the first vein, at the latter place with two stout
bristles and at the humeral break with one similar bristle, base of the
costa with two long and strong bristles, costa otherwise not bristly;
third vein diverging from the second so as to end at the wing tip;
discal cell long, posterior crossvein beyond the middle of the wing
and anterior crossvein much beyond the second costal break, the
penultimate section of the fourth vein nearly one half as long as the
ultimate section and longer than the ultimate section of the fifth vein;
basal cells small but evident, the anal vein reaching half way to the
margin.

Type species: Paramadiza washingtona, new species following.

246 JournaL NEw York Entomotocicat Society. [Vol. XXI.

Paramadiza washingtona new species.

Female.—Length 2.75 mm. Shining black, thorax with sparse hair and
fine but long dorsocentrals. Antenne, palpi and proboscis black; front shin-
ing. Tarsibrown. MHalteres and calypteres yellow. Wings hyaline, with slight
whitish tinge, veins yellowish, their roots paler.

One specimen, Wawawai, Washington.
While this species superficially resembles Madiza halteralis, it 1s
very different.

MEONEURA Rondani.

Shining black; the ocellar triangle large, polished, black, the remainder of
the front sericeous and often red; a single pair of cruciate bristles,
located near the antenne; postverticals close together and parallel;
cheeks sometimes reddish in front; mesonotum very lightly dusted;
knob of halteres white; fourth vein very weak, the two crossveins
very close together. 1 mm. (Eur.; Alaska,* Id..* Wash.*) (Agro-
myza lacteipennis Fallen.)...... oleracea jee oteretherebeha Te cheers vagans Fallen.

SuBFAMILY AGROMYZIN/.

TABLE OF THE GENERA.

Arista completely wanting, the third antennal joint large; front shining and
closely hairy, no fronto-orbital bristles or oral vibrisse; eyes large,
microscopically pubescent, the cheeks linear; mesonotum close-hairy,
bristleless; no sternopleurals, mesopleure setulose; scutellum large,
triangular, with sharp edge and with two minute apical bristles; legs
without spurs or bristles; calypter rudimentary, not ciliate; wings
short and broad, the costa extending to the third vein, the second
basal fused with the discal cell; auxiliary vein parallel with the first
vein, the costa twice broken. (Europe, Africa, Australia, North
ATMETICAD s, «ois wile oh wien tor dati ese wee ae oueees rie etalon Cryptochetum Rondani.

Arista present; front rarely shining, rarely pubescent, and always with fronto-
orbital bristles present; vibrisse present; eyes rarely hairy, smaller,
the cheeks broader; mesonotum, scutellum and pleure provided with
macrochete; scutellum with rounded edge; tibia with apical spurs;
calypteres ciliate; wings with the second basal usually distinct from
the discal cell, but sometimes fused with the first basal; the costa
broken only at the end of theyvauouliaty. yeinen irre eickerice eerie 2

2. Ocellar triangle placed forward on the front, the front usually produced,
more or less cone-like, and pubescent; arista pubescent to short-
plumose; tibie with preapical bristle; mesopleure bare; wings pic-
tured, irrorate or fasciate. (North and South America.)

Traginops Coquillett.

Sept., 1913] MELANDER: SyNopsIS OF DIPTERA. 247

10.

il.

Ocelli placed on the vertex, the front not produced; arista short-pubescent
or bare; wings at most with small dark spots.................-0.. ge

. Third antennal joint ovate but with a sharpened end, the arista somewhat

thickened; two scutellar bristles. (Europe, Asia, North America.)
Cerodonta Rondani.
Third antennal joint not ending in a blunt point; four scutellar bristles
PLESeiitmentatetortepirensteeceote Nel ois ater everecare o ersteinia, sia dattethnee acini ee le 4.

. Cheeks but one sixth the eye-height; two fronto-orbitals; face strongly

convex; antenne scarcely one sixth as long as the head; vibrisse
inserted distinctly above the front border of the oral margin. (North
NTILVELL Ca) Mueeate c(eialserovermicienscalejeteasete el ee rota a ae Hemeromyia Coquillett.
Cheeks broader; three or more fronto-orbitals; face not convex..... sey

. Costa extending to the fourth vein, which is as strong as the third; cheeks

receding; wings unspotted; femora not thickened; chetotaxy vari-
A even sietaict ens is a stteretets, 252 Soey ore errata eye eeTO NG As eh chens) oe ete ene erie ate Ov
Cosiimexten dings tOmtnitd cvieliiy Otllyie.ctrs.sraceastovsia a sieiciepe: iclere, skal eieieceie.e iw een 8.
Posterior crossvein wanting; second, third and fourth veins close together,
ending before the tip of the wing, the fifth vein greatly diverging
frome the tourthe (North, America:)i...s«c1ecicless se se Antineura n. g.
Posterior crossvein present; the fourth vein ending beyond the tip of the
wing, the fifth vein not greatly diverging. 3...0..2c6s.-scasences ae
Ovipositor wedge-shaped, short. (Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, North
ERIMIET CAS) Mmcutte Ment eRe Foren otelie: Shane el snk seus eveyone mer eusteretes Agromyza Fallen.
Ovipositor tube-like, elongate. (Europe, North America.) .Liriomyza Mik.
Anterior crossvein situated near the base of the wing, the posterior cross-
vein wanting, or else very close to the anterior; fourth and fifth
veins weak, the third vein ending far before the wing-tip; auxiliary
Vem usiallve parallel: with, tHe sunstmveltlerits c's lies +5) ier = «+15 erersOn
Anterior crossvein situated nearly opposite the end of the first vein; pos-
terior crossvein present, and always some distance from the anterior;
third vein ending near the wing-tip, the fourth and fifth veins not
weakertharetie: SeCOMd) amd CIT Clers os siersisrs els eiclchaseicieje siclevelslcie(tre c © 10,
Posterior crossvein entirely wanting. (Europe, Asia, Africa, North America.)
: Phytomyza Fallen.

Posterior crossvein present, the discal cell minute. (Europe, North America.)
Napomyza Haliday.

Hind femora more or less incrassate; vibrissal angle of cheeks prominent ;
lower occiput reaching forward and bristly; wings usually spotted, at
least at the end of the first vein..... Veh syekspopeeitbal avsiete elec eietcis Sac abt
Hind femora not thickened; cheeks receding, the occiput descending
straight down; wings not spotted. (Europe, Africa, North America.)
Domomyza Rondani.

Mesopleure not hairy; postverticals strong; four or five dorsocentrals;
two intra-alars; no preapical tibial spurs; femora yellow with pre-
apical spot. (Europe, North America.)..... Bria e Odinia Desvoidy.

248 JournaL New York Entomotocicat Society, [Vol. XXI.

Mesopleure hairy and with two bristles; no postverticals; four dorsocen-
trals; one intra-alar; preapical bristle of tibie present ; femora black.
(RiRODED iy 2s Soc Scie ayy Rae abe ees islet eee tevekens Neoalticomerus Hendel.

CRYPTOCHATUM Rondani.

The genus Cryptochetum is anomalous in any group. The follow-
ing species were originally described as Lestophonus, as a genus of
the Oscinide. The humeral break of the costa, as well as other char-
acters, suggests the Milichiine, but the postverticals are divergent, as
in the Agromyzine alone. The postverticals are inconspicuous among
the erect, short, stiff hairs of the vertex, but can be differentiated as
a pair of divergent hairs immediately behind the ocellar triangle.

Penultimate section of the fourth vein one half the length of the ultimate
section; fourth and fifth veins not weakened; face, front, mesonotum
and scutellum deep blue, rather shining; abdomen shining blue-green;
antenne black, legs blackish; wings grayish hyaline, veins dark brown.
1.5 mm. (Australia, introduced into California.)....icerye@ Williston.

Crossveins closer together; fourth and fifth veins slender beyond the crossvein;
otherwise as in the preceding species. (Australia, doubtfully intro-
duced imto California): one site aed a ete monophlebit Skuse.

TRAGINOPS Coquillett.

Arista almost bare; lunule white, unspotted; sides of front cinereous, with
setigerous black spots; thorax similarly spotted, pleure bivittate,
abdomen brown, spotted; legs yellow, the base of the femora and two
rings on the tibie brown; halteres yellow; wings hyaline, with numer-
ous rounded brown spots. (Ga., N. J.).......... irrorata Coquillett.

ODINIA Desvoidy.

Bristles of front and mesonotum arising from brown dots, hairs of notum and
abdomen arising from smaller brown dots; front and hind femora
with subapical spot; tibie with median and apical black rings; wings
reticulate with brown. 4.3 mm. (Ga.).............. ...picta Loew.

Body cinereous, not with setigerous spots; wings not reticulate............ 2.

2. Wings immaculate; tibie brown; sternopleura and a spot above it brown;
disk of mesonotum without acrostichal setule; abdomen dark brown.
aD 6, pane Shoe NEW EL ia re eyeit chs anes dnesee s eremeraken renee: immaculata Coquillett.

Acrostichals present; crossveins at least clouded; tibie with one or two
rings; pleure bivittate; abdomen with paired spots............... 25

3. Front pubescent, reddish above antennez; acrostichals not seriately arranged,
but eight to ten on the suture; both crossveins dark brown; fifth vein
reaches the wing-margin. 4 mm. (Eur.; Mich.)...maculata Meigen.

Sept., 1913-] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 249

Front nearly or quite bare, usually entirely gray; acrostichals in evident
rows, on the suture six rows; crossveins but little clouded; fifth vein
scarcely reaches the wing-margin. 2 mm. (Eur.; Mich.)

boletina Zetterstedt.

CERODONTA Rondani.

Largely yellowish species, the disk of the mesonotum cinereous black, more or
less marked with two paler vitte and with a yellowish spot before
the scutellum; pleurze mostly yellow; scutellum yellow in the middle;
legs yellow, the tarsi brownish. 2mm. (Mass.,* N. H., D. C., N. J.,
Welds lan a Inds Dl Mex *)\is (Ceratonwzas)inc - el dorsalis Loew.

Mostly black; the mesonotum subshining black to the black scutellum, not
vittate; pleure mostly black; legs black or blackish, the femora more
or less. yellow. 2.5 mm. (Eur;;* Mont. Wyom.,* Id.,* Wash.,*
eee ir Orerntae Calet \rs op coe ote «exe faysiernonctohelouenes oloveies femoralis Meigen.

HEMEROMYIA Coquillett.

Black, the face and cheeks yellow, the antennz, palpi and halteres brownish;
ocellar triangle and the orbits slightly polished; four dorsocentrals ;
sections of the fifth vein proportioned one to five, the anterior cross-
vein at three fourths the length of the discal cell. 1.5mm. (N. Mex.)

obscura Coquillett.

ANTINEURA new genus.

Related to Agromyza, but the discal cell is open outwardly. Four
fronto-orbitals, the lower three convergent; cheeks receding, about
one third as deep as the eye-height; proboscis short and fleshy; arista
bare, a little more than twice the length of the third antennal joint,
its basal segment thickened. Mesonotum pollinose or shining; one
anterior and three posterior dorsocentrals, two rows of sparse acros-
tichals; four scutellars; one sternopleural; two mesopleurals. Costa
continuing to the fourth vein, broken only at the end of the first vein;
the auxiliary vein rudimentary, confluent with the first vein along
the middle of its course; second, third and fourth veins equally strong,
parallel, located in the anterior part of the wing, the fourth vein
ending before the wing tip; posterior crossvein entirely wanting, the
anterior crossvein before the costal break; the vein between the first
and second basal cells weak; only the base of the anal vein evident;
the fifth vein gently curved, diverging from the fourth and ending at
the middle of the hind margin of the wing, gradually evanescent, but
its base as strong as the other longitudinal veins.

Type species: Antineura togata, following.

250 JourNAL New Yorx Enromowogicat Society, [Voel. XXL

TABLE OF SPECIES OF Antineura.
,

Mesonotum, except the notopleural suture, pleure and abdomen entirely shin-
ing black; legs black except the knees. 1.2 mm. (Wash.*)

chlamydata n. sp.

Mesonotum, pleure and abdomen more or less yellow, the mesonotum pol-

linose;: legs largely: yellow. wed. Rats cee Cn na see eins Niece etait

2. Largely yellow, the mesonotum, except the sides and hind margin black,

center of sternopleure and bases of abdominal segments brownish.

5 mm. -CN. Mex.) — CPApiompea ink. wccc tex palliata Coquillett.

Largely black, the sides and posterior angles of the mesonotum, the sides of

the scutellum and the abdominal segments, except their outer margin,

yellow; most of the pleure blackish. 1.2mm. (Wash.)..togata n. sp.

Antineura chlamydata new species.

Male.—Length 1.2 mm. Black, the front and vertex, except the ocellar
triangle, the face, cheeks, antenne, notopleural suture and the halteres yellow.
Clypeus black, the balance of the mouthparts yellowish. Cheeks about one
fourth as deep as the eye-height, but broader behind. Mesonotum highly pol-
ished, jet black, the humeri and a rather broad extension above the notopleural
suture towards the root of the wings yellow, the posterior angles black like
the notum; middle of scutellum broadly yellow, pleure black. Abdomen en-
tirely shining black, hairy. Legs black, the knees a little brownish. Halteres
yellow. Wings hyaline.

One specimen, Oroville, Washington, May I, I912.

Antineura togata new species.

Length 1.2 mm. Head yellow, the occiput, ocellar triangle, clypeus and
arista blackish, proboscis, palpi and antenne yellow. Mesonotum opaque
cinereous black, the sides and posterior angles yellow; middle of scutellum
yellow; pleure blackish in ground color, but the sutures and an oblique line
crossing the mesopleure broadly yellow. Abdomen subshining black, the hind
margins of the segments bright yellow, the fifth segment largely yellow; in
the female the very short sixth segment is yellow and the seventh segment is
elongate, round-triangular, polished jet black and with four long marginal
bristles. In the male apparently the sixth segment terminates the abdomen,
and is rounded, microscopically pubescent and of the same piceous black color
as the bases of the other segments. Legs of the female yellow except the
dusky tarsi; of the male the tibie and tarsi are infuscated. Halteres pale yel-
low; wings hyaline.

One male, Pullman, Washington, May 12, 1912; and one female,
Almota, Washington, June 24, I9gII.

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 251

Agromyza Fallen.

TABLE OF THE SPECIES OF Agromyza Fallen, INcLUSIvE or Domomyza Rondani
AND Liriomyza Mik.

Halteres black; black or metallic species; ocellar triangle elongate and pol-
ished; frontal orbits polished; auxiliary vein ending in or close to the
SICS Came ter a ieee ay ei sis (ore choun ais cto oate,sheus dra,n/e\ciel ae aie eiauardhe € aia Siuie @ Wa, pee 2:
Halteres whitish or yellow; ocellar triangle small and opaque; frontal orbits
usually not differentiated ; auxiliary vein usually ending independently

ATMO COSLA jrastessatennic, Kieteteoie ola, Shope a aia oroisesiofe tal ofe%oy0,eharwiel Atte vase Ureieneve 15.
ZaGalyDLer aid its UAtEsr wilite +: MetAllicCe SPECIES arate «10's rie 0\c.c010la t.s\e0 ole eve ei8 as
Calyprer marcined with black, 1ts' Hairs Gusky:. 2.52 06.0.6 <2 0 cievaris 00.00 6.

3. Lower part of face in profile receding; veins black; the fourth vein diverg-
AIS ee TOMA ILE WCU Cl acta) Maree ot esctsleteiovn:c\auesaye, bi’, orale aie /eyerara stole vino.) 5 0) s yee 4.

Lower part of the face projecting; veins subfuscous; fourth vein straight.
(Pate Mass, =e NG i Ont, Willa Ga. La.* Lex,* Wyo, Calsid))

virens Loew.

4. Costa evanescent beyond the tip of the third vein; wings broad; cheeks

DPROaCEMA EVV ABT) tele tie tec eis Neleretsie o/oleveloiar (Domomyza) tamia n. sp.
Costa reaching the fourth vein; wings normal; cheeks narrow. (enei-
CEM USM ALL EtIN) mea teva aietdie|acdheksiacs av srobeistaleus vere velslelehorahaie ele celdkao.0 (chaiels 3°) « 5.

5. Last two segments of the fourth vein proportioned 1:3; the fourth vein
ends beyond the wing-tip; the segments of the fifth vein 3: 2. (Eur. ;*

New Ya) Neale Lnd,. Ga, Ny Mex. Cals* id= Wash.*)
eneiventris Fallen, sens. str.
Segments of the fourth vein proportioned 1: 4; the fourth vein less diver-
gent from the third; segments of the fifth vein 1:1. (Eur.;* Cal.,*
WIG apts) atere ober suoveteta ctaistats @ dev sorel sts eneiventris var. cunctans Meigen.
6. Metallic species; segments of fourth vein 1:3; segments of the fifth vein
3:2;facenotreceding. (Eur. ;* Id.,* Wash.*)..pseudocunctans Strobl.
Shining ebm species; segments of the fourth vein proportioned 1:4 to

esr OME RE Ete twee si stctst mesos atell Ne taie atoieveiat lara laighes sia cudisiauscaraietslsie «ret shale aya cte as

7. Sixth vein very evident and reaching nearly to the margin of the wing.
(Cate Arras IVE ASS!) lo. 5 acters syn ecsivyrinseyate. | «Woe ie fateh schineri Giraud.

Sixth vein not very evident, and always abbreviated.............++eeee 8.

8. Male with a conspicuous curved tapering bunch of oral vibrisse; lower
angle of the face of g9 conspicuously produced; four frontal bristles ;
pubescence of frontal orbits sparse and inconspicuous; face sub-
tuberculate between the antenne. (Eur.;* Mass.,* IIl.,* La.,* Id.,*

Weis liscu) mpsettntars*oisish sa Vecensisitefavate slaidesioiere adeues.e ote » curvipalpis Zetterstedt.
Oral vibrisse but one or two in number and not bunched; vibrissal angle
MO UMULOCICEOM sNels (scp taveis: oreicke,ovapeterwialavele Sivat aekekey costae ol ac torerarer a eisiacaeorens 9.

9. Middle tibiz with two bristles on the extensor side; no vibrissal angle to
the face; front largely yellow; four fronto-orbitals; frontal orbits
linear and nearly bare; arista five times as long as the third antennal

252 JournaL New York Entomotoercar Society. [Vol. XXI.

10,

ale

1s

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

joint; seventh segment of 2 abdomen depressed ; auxiliary vein ending
close to the end of the first vein, but independently in the costa; the
sections of the fourth vein 1:4. 3 mm. (Hayti.*)...diadema n. sp.
Tibie without extensor bristles; face less receding; front black; the orbits
broader; arista less than four times the length of the third joint; last
segment of 2 abdomen compressed; auxiliary vein ending in the first
vein. (maura Meigen.) ........ccccee rer eer cc reese ete ceteris 10.
Ocellar triangle longer than wide, its sides concave; the four lower frontal
bristles close together, the fifth (uppermost) separated by a greater
interval; sections of the fifth vein equal. (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,

IX, 35 (1908).) (Mo., Que.,* Cal.)......... maura var. tilie Couden.
Not with this combination of characters..........---+++seeeees Hells

Segments of the fifth vein 1:1; segments of fourth vein 1:10; tip of
epistome sometimes visible in profile view; orbital pubescence very
short, almost invisible; six frontal bristles; face carinate, its oral
margin nearly straight. (Eur.; Ont., Ga.,* Pa., INE AY SeNe ne ass:
TES) Peraiesstater sts tetera ee Rieke ee ailohi ae oie tos os maura var. simplex Loew.

Basal sections of fifth vein longer than the apical section; crossveins less
approximated; face receding or vertical, the lower angle rounded in
profile; orbital pubescence usually dense and longer.........- vite Ss

Face short and strongly tuberculate between the antenne, the epistome
strongly emarginate; the lower two fronto-orbitals alone present;
pubescence of frontal orbits very dense. (Eur.;* Id.,* Wash.*)

maura var. nasuta n. var.

Face carinate, not shortened, the margin of the epistome less vaulted; the
upper fronto-orbitals present ; orbital pubescence less dense......13.

Seven fronto-orbital bristles; wings broadly rounded; segments of fourth
vein 1:4. (Id.,* Wash.*)......-.....maura var. setifrons var. Nov.

Four frontal bristles; segments of fourth vein 1:6 to 1: Sire raie ee Ae

Third vein ending near the tip of the wing, nearer the sea than the
fourth vein; segments of fourth vein 1: 6; sixth vein faint. (Eur. ;*
icles Vics le) eteeepenet Fey neste sa keene Reon erer ens maura Meigen, sens. str.

Third vein equidistant from the second and fourth; the fourth vein ending
nearer the tip of the wing; crossveins more approximated, the =
ments of the fourth vein 1:8; sixth vein usually wanting. (ares

Vaiss) erates Vals nsitenct ae hencites= aicotace tevsiore maura var. morionella Zetterstedt.
Thorax not bordered with yellow at the sides, at most a very narrow line
present on the notopleural suture.......--++++++++> Neto ahs ere LOS
Thorax with distinct yellow lateral aries ae more or less broadly
along the notopleural suture......--eeeseeeeeeeeess Sven dttateaccep sta
Third antennal joint black.............+-+- sc dateeti at ove eae ona ys) okoRe toned aero ys
Third antennal joint yellow or ferruginous.......-....--+-- Wels wleessie BAe
Palpi, blaclexce oe ct Peec te oe ee Se eee tc ene:
Palpi, yellow ......-00+-++-++s site tayaetete S cakin eabiiave ap OE EAE Se erate ER reo Os

Front, face and cheeks yellow, at most the upper orbits darkened......19.

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 253

Head wholly or mostly black; thorax at most lightly pruinose (if the

frontal orbits are yellow compare supercili0Sd)...++++-eeeereeees 22.
19. Notum and pleure pollinose, not shining; penultimate section of the fourth
vein much shorter than the ultimate section of the fifth vein.....20.

Thorax shining, very lightly pollinose; legs entirely black; the penultimate
section of the fourth vein nearly as long as the ultimate section of
the fifth; four strong dorsocentrals; calypteres and fringe yellow;
bristles of the head strong. 2mm. (Mont.*)....... rutiliceps n. sp.

20. Discal cell long and narrow, the anterior crossvein beyond the end of the
first vein; knees sharply yellow; four strong dorsocentrals; five fronto-
orbitals; fringe of calypteres blackish; wings slender, the veins

strong. 2-3 mm. (Mont.,* Id.,* Wish s))eremmcerseiert genualis n. sp.
Discal cell shorter; the anterior crossvein before the end of the first vein;
legsventirely Blake: . ccicle clic ole ian ie)e« vinlele mie oreicie wiate S ereiera wel sees oS aie

21. Dorsocentrals strong. 2 mm. (Ent. Rowe: XXIII, 463 (1r912).) (Ind.)
davisii Walton.

Dorsocentrals weak, hardly longer than the notal setule; last segment of

Q abdomen longer than the second, third and fourth segments together,

compressed, jet black. 2mm. (Col. Sides) Wenereuetey os .auriceps n. sp.
22. Black, the abdomen especially greenish; two pentane, the segments
of the fifth vein 3:2; anterior crossvein at one third the length of

the discal cell. (D. C., Mass., Ga., W. Ind., Wisc., Sebaks)
viridula Coquillett.
No trace of metallic coloring; anterior crossvein near or beyond the middle
ers Callin Elle we teuy at erele eleva delist eilete teva) = celts site ctalimvs)ielasterelsteilenoiei=\s)¢hs)exn dese
23. Large bristly species, usually with five strong frontal bristles and with one
or two dorsocentrals before the suture; front very broad and uni-
formly opaque; calypteres dark, with bushy black fringe; antenne
brown at base; basal cells separate. (D. C., Mass.,* N. Y., Fla.,
W. Ind., La., Col., N. Mex., Cal.)....-.2-22seeseeeeees setosa Loew.
Less bristly species, not more than four dorsocentrals; antenne black;
calypteres white .....-s-eeeeeeee cere eee eeees Sadek Tie siarerete 24.
24. Costa interrupted at the third vein or much thinned between the third and
fourth veins; mesonotum lightly pruinose and subshining; usually a
small dorsocentral in front of the suture......--+-+-+eeeeeees ae ae
Costa continuing to the fourth vein; as far as known, the calypteres en-
tirely white and fringed with white hairs; rarely with four dorso-

CEtlEnall Simneietatchateyo lei errs Eietgcnanoeiane Bale tehers: oor chap alstarotwroneyehers Raters rei 7s
25. Calypteres fringed with white hairs; costa entirely Oe at the third
vein. (nigripes Meigen.) ........seeseecee rec eee ee eeseseeeece .26

Calypteres fringed with white hairs; costa faint beyond the third vein;
discal cell moderately large; sections of the fourth Welle see Ot tile
fifth vein 3:2; front tibie and all the tarsi sometimes brownish.
(Eur. ;* Id.,* Wash.,* Ore.*).....-.----: Bis Laat ctre ...reptans Fallen.

26. Sections of fourth vein 1:3, of the fifth vein 3:2. (Eur.;* S. Dales
Vics Ht) eretevepeteicneeraveveinct suck nigripes var. cinerascens Macquart, Strobl.

254 JournaL New York Entomotocicat Society. [Vol. XXI.

27)

28.

20.

30.

aie

32.

33-

Sections of the fourth vein 1: 4, of the fifth vein subequal. (Eur. ;* Col.*)
migripes Meigen, sens. str. Schiner.

Second section of the costa about three times as long as the third section;
fourth vein diverging from the third and ending much beyond the
wing-tip; discal cell large, the segments of the fifth vein 3:2; wings
broad; third antennal joint very small, the arista long, slender and
DUDES CONE ssa. ste cccrvercteverssanext entbsregele (six qateyeravexenslsters Gateucte! she tedelotehotolencieaels 28.
Second section of the costa about four times as long as the third section;
arista short, stout at jbase,.and ‘apparently, bates. ace stele otel- ars 29.
Front broader, about one third the width of the head, brownish; abdomen
black; frontal bristles fine. (D. C., N. J., Mass., Ont., Ill.,* Wisc.,*
eas? aikans.., Mex." )itciercomets steer terernesterchensrojevetene yeas parvicornis Loew.
Front narrower, less than one third the width of the head, the frontal
lunule with a rounded white spot; abdomen black, in the ¢ the last

few segments yellowish; frontal bristles robust. (Pa., Mass.,* N. H.,
Blaseiil rt alege teS5 Dake’) prervctehercioietcie ctecvie atcisnete terminalis Coquillett.
Discal cell large, the segments of the fifth vein 3:2; fourth vein ending
far beyond the wing-tip, its segments about 2:5; four dorsocentrals ;
thorax lightly pollinose. (Eur. ;* Id.,* Wash.,* Ore.*) ..reptans Fallen.
First section of the fifth vein not greatly longer than the outer section;
tip of the wing near the middle of the first posterior cell, the third
ANGELOUTEME Ves Sip Patallelicy. cretsteletelctetatoistelstsiatelatere Bieisratetetersiorele ore.og Os
Discal cell smaller than usual, the basal section of the fifth vein much
shorter than the outer section; the sections of the fourth vein about
1:5; root of the wing and the notopleural suture narrowly whitish ;

at least) Lhestrontukmeesmyellowierietyetereietotcietersteteisneie ate rletelel-tatetetet= rite Bite
Basal section of the fifth vein longer than or subequal to the outer section;
the-sections ot the founthicvein abot Tisisiyae w chevaleve etoile tateleleloelelars 32.

Scutellum broadly yellow in the middle; interfrontalia yellow. (Wash.*)
interfrontalis n. sp.
Scutellum black; interfrontal sutures often striped with yellow above, but

otherwise the front is black. (Eur.;* Mass.,* Id.,* Wash.*)

luctuosa Meigen.
A narrow yellow sutural line along the sides of the thorax, expanding be-
neath the root of the wing; knees, front tibie and the tarsi more or
less yellowish; frontal lunule white-pollinose; wings broader. (Pa.,
"N. Jig Mass. *oWisc: lle eoslbat, aVWiasiis™) eye a1-fete tens siatatels angulata Loew.
Thorax not marked with a lateral yellow line; legs generally darker; front
opaque black; wings narrower. (Nebr., Mass.,* D. C., Va., Fla., W.
Ind., La., Tex., Ill.,* Wisc.,* S. Dak., Wash.,* Alaska.) ..neptis Loew.
Front broader than long, black, but yellow below; antenne entirely black;
penultimate section of the fourth vein about one third as long as the
ultimate section of the fifth vein. (W. Ind.)...... anthrax Williston,
Front mostly yellow; base of the antenne yellowish; penultimate section of
the fourth vein two thirds as long as the ultimate section of the fifth

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 255

34.

35-

36.

37-

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

vein; wings rather narrow. (D. C., Mass., La.,* Wisc.,* Ill.,* Kans.,

Sa Dale lexan GoleemivVayOll'.))ratataeta, oleic) etarsictche ee <yai0)e longipennis Loew.
Four dorsocentrals; face and cheeks largely or wholly yellow; palpi yel-
LOR aaa RO EOP He Certs cone Tevieleeystehsliovsevele s/o ove,\e.0)are’e aves ye, Je Teele. 35.
Two or three dorsocentrals; mesonotum subshining.................. 38.

Basal section of the fifth vein much shorter than the apical section, the
anterior crossvein before the end of the first vein; knees not yellow;
thorax opaque pollinose; three fronto-orbitals; cheeks one third the
eye-height; antenne infuscated above. (Eur.;* Id.,* Wash.*)

perpusilla Meigen.

Sections of the fifth vein subequal; knees conspicuously yellow........ 36.

Third and fourth veins strongly diverging at the tip, veins brown; meso-
notum rather densely whitish-gray pruinose; lower half of the frontal

VALE DV CLG wemmesesy eITItIy eum (CC Ole) isralayes stcletclsvaictetetss «t= pruinosa Coquillett.
Third and fourth veins parallel, their tips but little diverging ; front mostly
walle 4csbees dap aqes Sroeeseadsuadds peCSUgdOUUGee cba aboUloUOr Bun

Front yellow, a central spot sometimes blackened; mesonotum subshining ;
veins rather weak; three fronto-orbitals; cheeks one sixth the eye-
height; antenne more or less infuscated, the arista black. (D. C.,
Mass., La.,* Ill.,* Wisc.,* Kans., S. Dak., Tex., Col., Wyom.)

longipennis Loew.

Front yellow; mesonotum opaque pollinose; veins brown; four to six
fronto-orbitals; cheeks one third the eye-height; antennz pale yellow,
the arista yellow at the base. (Alaska.)............. pollinosa n. sp.

Front narrow, uniformly brownish or black; face and cheeks black; third
antennal joint minute; hairs of the mesonotum arranged in rows;
wings broad, the segments of the fifth vein 3:2. (D.C., N.J., Mass.,*
Ont., La.,* Reams! Sun Wales #oMextn)hs sper sisia eters’ svete.» parvicornis Loew.

Front black above, yellow below; face and cheeks yellow.............. 39.

Tarsi black, sometimes the metatarsi yellowish; acrostichal hairs in rows;
hairs of calypteres dusky; four fronto-orbitals; basal section of the
fifth vein longer than the apical section. (Eur.; Id.,* Wash.*)

sulphuriceps Strobl.

Metatarsi yellow; hairs of mesonotum irregularly placed; sections of the
fifth vemmlsubequal. 9 (D. G.)-.s.0.-+.---.++-..-varizrons Coquillett.

Front above lunule mostly or entirely black; face black; fringe of calypteres
white; legs black; antenne black. (In superciliosa the calypteres
LUE MARC tb Kam eIgITIO SD) Ire sate fareasect shelencte sel ole) crevenein © eysKeveve e (sie) 010s isyekors as eve 41.

Front largely or wholly yellow; usually the face and always the cheeks

Vic LOW Netty eietrad ssc ekesv conc ova lalla tePavevaukt ofa arcein, cine succes) syaiels, «etaroonegers nieve, dre 48.
Side stripes of the thorax broadly yellow; scutellum, upper pleure, rear of
mesonotum, and base of abdomen, yellow............6..20+eee0: 42.
Yellow stripes of thorax narrower; almost entirely black species....... 43.

Mesonotum opaque; sections of the fifth vein equal; frontal lunule yellow;
costa ending at third vein. (S. Am., W. Ind.)
wanthophora Schiner, Williston.

256 JournaL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL Society, [Vol. XXI.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

Si.

Mesonotum polished; last section of the fifth vein shorter than the pre-

ceding section; front black; four dorsocentrals. (Mex.)
picta Coquillett.
Sides of front yellow along the orbits; knees broadly yellow; hairs of
calypteres black; fourth vein ending at wing-tip, wings broad. (Eur. ;*
WiasheeiOnres*) in ie ccaceie oe ee Bc ee eerie superciliosa Zetterstedt.
Frontal orbits black; knees narrowly yellow; hairs of calypteres pale;
fourth vein ending usually beyond the wing-tip (compare also luctuosa
INICOUPLEE? BT). SS sveeie celle B tetue ee eet ae ee arto eT oe ene 44.
Apical segments of ¢ abdomen yellow; wings broad, the third and fourth
veins somewhat divergent, the fourth vein ending much beyond the
wing-tip; frontal lunule marked with a small white dot; arista long

and: pubescent: (Ne ble (ear bles ieee ee eS Pee) leas)
terminalis Coquillett.
Abdomen black, the incisures more or less yellow; the third and fourth
veins subparallel, the fourth vein ending at or slightly beyond the
WATS SEU oie wierd s.Sie hate erates lao heehee tr haroreterate atte te: eee cette nel far aint So NIV ezn ontcne Foie Batts 45.
Arista more than two times the length of the antenna, plainly pubescent,
the antenne short; wings broad; frontal lunule white-pollinose.

(Mass) SNe ebay. vical Waiser, iVWishi isan eters angulata Loew.
Arista shorter; bare) witl@s smart Oiwie ever cicrs erelorele aie scolar civiststepensveisteelersiene 46.
Antenne large, porrect, the arista thick; sections of the fifth vein sub-

equal’. ‘Scutellum’ sblaclkey 21. icc vase csz ie tere ete ote aunts le eenere erect sie teee nena 47.
Antenne small, the arista slender; discal cell small, the sections of the

fifth vein 1:2; scutellum yellow. (Wash.*)..... interfrontalis n. sp.

Antenne strikingly large; thorax pollinose; four dorsocentrals; frontal
lunule often yellow. (magnicornis Loew.) (Eur.;* Mass., N. J.,
Pa., Ga., Ill.,* Wisc.,* S. Dak., Col., Wash.*) ..grossicornis Zetterstedt.

Antenne not abnormal; thorax subshining; four or three dorsocentrals;
frontal lunule black. (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VI, 191, 1904.) (Cal.,*

Ores Wash teAllaskach) pieces oeickverntcteletcistetonarciaens teniola Coquillett.
Antenne black, at least the third yomt black. 2... oe wariereeielsl= er ole os 49.
Antenne entirely yellow, sometimes the end of the antenna may become

infuscated ADOVE \.). oc ees oss ace e'g ss +m isin =e welniale #lchelale =n ale le = mcs 54.

Front entirely yellow, or centrally yellow; fringe and margin of the calyp-
teres dtiskey® Co /cverive, cis c crate ov uciis ous cnalavatefodenstelevete ereeeteker tereeennehetolt site eo katate 50.
Center of front above lunule velvet black, bordered with yellow on the
sides; wings narrow, the penultimate section of the fourth vein one
third as long as the ultimate section and longer than the posterior
crossvein, the sections of the fifth vein subequal; calypteres and fringe
white; pollinose species. (Mass., D. C., Ind.,* Il1.*) ..marginata Loew.
Plump shining black species, with black antenne and legs; front narrower
than long; two or three dorsocentrals. (platyptera.Thomson.)....51.
Notum pruinose; front square; four dorsocentrals...............+e0-. 53.
Frontal orbits black, at least above; subantennal grooves more or less

ee —™

Sept., 1913.] MeELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. Pa

blackishe) (Pane Masses Ne Woe UN: Jey Ll Wise., La. N. Mex., Gol.,

Medes Wiashi*) ss auce deck cnc eels platyptera var. coronata Loew.

Front entirely yellow, not bordered with black; face yellow............52.

52. Lateral yellow stripe of the thorax extending beneath the wings. (malve

BiGcescs) mC VWisceeNa dbo eNe Ja Ca tla We Unds* Ga. La.* Tl *

Mo bexs 2. Cola) iar iaic rites oe chs wveistevekenetate platyptera var. jucunda Wulp.

Lateral stripe extending above the root of the wings. (lateralis Williston,
1896, and not of Macquart, 1835, from Europe.) . (W. Ind.)

platyptera var. allecta nom. nov.

53. Base of antenne, scutellum, a prescutellar spot, pleure, abdomen, and legs

mostly yellow; anterior crossvein opposite or beyond the end of the

finsewieiny OWashet Allaska.t)inisae oclele crcste-0li sce clernsiele Pacifica n. sp.

Mostly black species, the whole of the antenne, the mesonotum except the

sides, the scutellum except the tip, the abdomen, and much of the

pleure and legs black; anterior crossvein before the end of the first

HeLa Tuas CGE) ara sicWe edelerayaeWena cs ceisieeni sitchen Git varia sp. Nov.

54. Scutellum entirely black; thorax opaque black, the abdomen black, except
atesides andy SOMELMMES )tMeyAMCISUTES © ci-'elei ele <\e clcle clelcl- elelata sisi a.6 © Rise
Scntellum*yellows atleast-in the) middler 2c ci05 5 sot sles se welslelals ee cis cis Be

55. Legs, antenne, cheeks, face and lower part of the front whitish; sections
of the fourth vein about 1:10; mesopleure yellow. (Wash.*)

clara n. sp.
Legs blackish, antenne somewhat infuscated; face, front and cheeks yel-
low; sections of the fourth vein about 1:6; pleure largely cinereous. 56.

56. Knees not differentiated; three fronto-orbitals. (Eur.;* Id.,* Wash.*)
perpusilla Meigen.
Kneessyelllowee (Greenland). iateisre « co)0101s oheiea\el/siric; <I «61 arctica Lundbeck.
57. Palpi large, projecting; scutellum with two bristles; thorax reddish, abdo-
men brown, its base yellowish; legs yellow, the hind femora tipped
with black; penultimate section of the fourth vein longer than the
last section of the fifth vein. (W. Ind.)....... innonuinata Williston.
Palpi small; four scutellar bristles; four dorsocentrals; mesonotum more ,
or less black; penultimate section of the fourth vein much shorter
thanethelase Section Ob the: ith) Wet ats eisc\-.6)-<s,c cleisisioisin + wiele sje 5 = 58.
Notum pruinose, pleure and abdomen but little shining; cheeks nearly as
deep as the width of the eye. (If the cheeks are narrow compare
PEL PUSULE anda pOciTCas)) © (UGE) 22 sa). anette aoa ele chelclseie ei lima n. sp.
Shining or subshining; cheeks relatively narrow...............+++.--- 59.
59. Usually broader and larger; mesonotum with a quadrate yellow spot in

58.

front of the scutellum; front usually square; sections of the fifth

eS TMs UAE LW ae eR sed tay ieiishe Be ons cyoyolehol suai joketel&:Zps fois, uclelislshs (uci aiaysveebersts 60.

Smaller and more slender; mesonotum black to the scutellum; front nar-
rower than deep; sections of the fifth vein more nearly 1:2. (Scu-

LELLCCE Cem Tueallleta) peeeteseneke vent paneveh ey Slarey hel syeheners veheatussteysiavess ei deicherousustovene tess 63.

60. Ovipositor long, tubular, equalling three abdominal segments in length.
(QWewlierlS eyeretcrers ote trrave er ciaiais axa evsiis rasa (Liriomyza) tubifer n. sp.

258 JouRNAL NEw York Entomotogicat Society. [Vol. XXI.

Ovipositor short, wedge-shaped, about as long as the other abdominal seg-

mentss Gnelampygasoews)) cite sence eee nee eee eee 61.

61. Tibie and tarsi wholly black, the femora yellow varied with black; abdom-
inal segments fasciate with black and yellow. (N. Y., N. Mex.)

melampyga var. flavonigra Coquillett.

Femora, tibie and tarsi largely yellow; abdomen not conspicuously fasci-

LES | Aarne te varie gio elle eve love: e vonaitonaxelsucyenefelie toliotiel ction taevan seat nic take Tebeke bomebe tenet 62.

62. Genitalia shining black, contrasting with the abdomen. (flaviventris John-

son, 1902, and not of Strobl, 1898, which is grossicornis Zetterstedt.)

(OSG. -Massi;* Ni Ee oN: ee Ne, leas Waisc= tm Colm \Weyonem Ne

Meex:*)) 1.s.ts ne bctanyaht seat init eine eee melampyga Loew, sens. str.
Genitalia concolorous with the yellow-brown abdomen. (W. Ind., Bolivia,*
Dexet DUS) cn ehebe Mein ol ietorenate melampyga var. sorosis Williston.

63. Abdomen black above, the sides not yellowish, but the incisures somewhat
YOM wed, 758 5:5 ais Sia stereo cw) as Sia iaroee oy eteme eiomaee olads ec ee veneer ee 64.

Sides on the abdomen; somewhatiyellowanener ceeds ee eee ornate 66.

64. Discal cell very small, coextensive with the auxiliary cell, the second and
third sections of the fourth vein about 1:10; legs with at least the
femora yellow; antenne yellow, sometimes dusky at the tip. (Eur. ;*
Mass.,* Ill.,* La.,* Tex.,* Id.,* Wash.*) ...scutellata Fallens, sens. str.

Discal cell surpassing the auxiliary cell, the sections of the fourth vein

about.18: legs darker». iccS.c cece eee een oe Die eter 65.
65. Legs, including the femora, somewhat infuscated. (brassice Riley.)
(Bur fess SOitaeiscinen pe ees ee scutellata var. pascuum Meigen.

Legs black except the knees; third antennal joint somewhat darkened at
the tip. (Eur.;* Afr.; Id.,* Wash.*)..scutellata var. orbona Meigen.
66. Legs mostly yellow; usually larger species. (Eur.;* Wash.,* Cal.*)
scutellata var. variegata Meigen.
Legs black except the knees; third antennal joint darkened at the tip.
(pictella Thomson.) (Eur.;* Id.,* Wash.,* Ore.,* Cal.)
scutellata var. puella Meigen.

Domomyza tamia new species.

39. Length 2.75 mm. Blue-black species with black halteres; face
receding in profile; wings broad, veins black, the costa evanescent beyond the
third vein; calypteres white and fringed with white hairs. Black, with metallic
blue and green reflections. Head dull black, not metallic; front as broad as
high, opaque blackish, no lateral shining stripes, the usual shining portion
around the ocelli blunt in front, not triangular, seven fronto-orbital bristles,
the orbital pubescence, i. e., that between the bristles and the eyes, compara-
tively long and dense; mouth-opening greatly arched, so that the end of the
clypeus is directly under the antenne, the face thereby appearing to recede in
profile, the face rather sharply carinate by the descending lunule, the antennal
grooves deep; cheeks two thirds as deep as the eye-height, the hairs along the
oral margins not conspicuous. Antenne small and black, the outer joint not

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 259

longer than the inner, the arista one and one half times as long as the antenna.
Proboscis short, black, its labella sometimes dusky ; palpi small, narrow, straight
and with a single terminal hair. Thorax, scutellum and abdomen metallic
green or blue, three pairs of long dorsocentrals, the pubescence normally fine;
abdomen highly polished, last segment of female long, triangular, jet black.
Halteres black, calypteres entirely whitish and with white hairs. Legs black,
subshining. Wings broad, hyaline, veins black, the costa thickened and vaulted
in front of the marginal cell, and vanishing beyond the end of the third vein;
third vein ending slightly in front of the tip of the wing, the fourth vein
somewhat diverging from the third and ending beyond the wing apex; discal
cell relatively broad, the anterior crossvein slightly beyond its middle; outer
segments of fourth vein proportioned one to four, segments of fifth vein four
to three.

One male and five females, Wawawai, Washington, May 20, IgIlI.

This species might well be assigned to Rondani’s genus Domo-
myza, the other species of which are evidently related to the second
group of Agromyza, with pale halteres. The present species shows
such close relationship to the eneiventris group that it should not be
separated from these species merely because of an abbreviation of the
costa. The species Agromyza reptans Fallen and nigripes Meigen
frequently exhibit a thinning away of the costa beyond the third vein
and such individuals could very well be classified as Domomyaza.

Agromyza diadema new species.

Female.—Length 3 mm. Polished black, the front and lunule yellow, noto-
pleural and meso-pteropleural sutures very narrowly yellowish. The yellow of
the front becoming brown on the upper part, but clearly differentiated from the
black orbits and the small ocellar triangle; sides of ocellar triangle convex.
Four reclinate fronto-orbitals, uniformly spaced, the space between them and
the eye unusually narrow and nearly devoid of hairs. Face strongly receding,
no vibrissal angle, cheeks one fifth the eye-height, a single oral vibrissa; in
profile the front edge of the clypeus is visible; center of face flattened, scarcely
carinate. nor grooved, the edge of the epistome shallowly arched. Antenne
nearly reaching the margin of the epistome, the almost bare arista five times
the length of the third joint. Palpi and proboscis black, the former broad, but
not reaching beyond the oral opening.

.Two dorsocentrals, about eight rows of acrostichals, one presutural, two
notopleural, two sternopleurals, one strong mesopleural. Last abdominal seg-
ment jet black, flattened, a little longer than the preceding segment, the pro-
jecting ovipositor slender, enlarged apically, its upper and lateral edges serrate.
Middle tibize with a bristle on the postero-extensor edge below the middle and
a smaller one just above. Calypteres whitish, the margin and fringe black.
Halteres black, their roots paler. Wings hyaline, veins strong; costa thick-

260 JourNAL New York Enrtomotocicat Society. [Vol. XXI.

ened at the junction of the first vein; auxiliary vein separate from the first
vein, but closely approaching it near the tip; basal section of front edge of the
discal cell twice as long as the other section, the latter nearly equalling the
posterior crossvein, and about one fourth the length of the ultimate section of
the fourth vein; sections of the fifth vein three to two; anal vein faint; the
third section of the costa nearly equal to the fourth and about one fifth the
length of the second section.

One specimen, Hayti.

While the auxiliary vein ends independently in the costa, it ap-
proaches very closely to the first vein near its end. Its course is thus
quite different from that found in the lighter colored species of
Agromyza.

Agromyza maura var. setifrons new var.

Male.—Seven fronto-orbital bristles, orbital pubescence long; crossveins
not approximate, the outer segments of the fourth vein proportioned about one
to four, discal segment of the fifth vein a little longer than the last segment;
third vein uniformly curved backward so that it diverges from the second and
ends almost at the wing tip, fourth vein ending considerably beyond the tip
of the wing; wings broadly rounded; four sternopleural bristles in the upper
series ; abdomen black.

One male, from Troy, Idaho, June 14, 1908, collected by William
M. Mann.

The variations of maura indicate permutations of the characters
rather than phyletic segregations. The differences between maura
and morionella, as stated by authors and repeated in the table, do not
exactly tally on the score of European specimens before me. The
varieties named in the table are distinct enough in their sets of char-
acters, but probably additional specimens from other localities will
disclose other combinations lessening the definiteness of varietal limits.

Agromyza maura var. nasuta new var.

Male—Length 2 mm. Ocellar triangle long, its sides concave, the pol-
ished frontal orbits with numerous hairs, only the convergent lowermost two
fronto-orbital bristles present. Face with a prominent tubercle present be-
tween the antennez in lieu of a carina, the subantennal grooves deep; vibrissal
angle projecting, as is also the greatly excised edge of the epistome. Antenne
reaching below the middle part of the excision of the epistome, the arista
three times as long as the last joint. Palpi slender, somewhat curved, but
not flattened. Second section of the costa less than four times as long as
the third, which is subequal to the fourth section; anterior crossvein at two

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 261

thirds the length of the discal cell, the segments of the fourth vein about one
to five, the basal section of the fifth vein longer than the outer section.

I have sixteen specimens before me, all males, from Troy, Idaho,
Pullman, Washington, and Steiermark, in Europe. The last men-
tioned were received from Professor Strobl. This variation is most
nearly related to curvipalpis; it is not the true maura nor morionella,
the males of which have a carinate face and the full set of fronto-
orbital bristles.

Agromyza rutiliceps new species.

Male——Length 2 mm. Shining black, very lightly dusted, the front and
vertex except the ocellar triangle and the upper orbits, the face, cheeks, labella,
very narrow line on the notopleural suture, halteres, calypteres and their fringe,
and the base of the wings reddish to yellow. Antenne and palpi black. Bris-
tles of head and thorax very long, the ocellar bristles reaching nearly to the
antenne ; four pairs of fronto-orbitals; four dorsocentrals, one of them pre-
sutural. Abdomen with short close hairs, none of the incisures pale, hypopy-
gium small, concolorous. Legs entirely deep black. Wings hyaline, veins
narrowly black, the fourth vein ending beyond the wing tip, its penultimate
section one third the length of the ultimate, one and one half times the length
of the posterior crossvein and three fourths the length of the ultimate section
of the fifth vein; anterior crossvein beyond the end of the first vein.

One specimen, sent in some grass sweepings by William M. Mann,
who collected it at Nigger Hill, Powell County, Montana, July, 1912.

Agromyza genualis new species.

3. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. Black, the front, face, cheeks, lower occipital
orbits, narrow line bounding the mesopleure above and behind, the halteres,
calypteres and root of wing, a transverse line below the scutellum, the knees
and some of the incisures of the abdomen yellow. Upper frontal orbits and
the ocellar triangle blackish. Antenne and palpi black. Bristles strong, five
or six fronto-orbitals, the uppermost somewhat distant from the others, on the
orbits besides the fronto-orbitals a row of close minute hairs; ocellar bristles
reaching about two thirds the distance to the antenne; two vibrisse. Cheeks
about one fourth the eye-height. Thorax opaque black, dusted, the bristles
and setule strong; four dorsocentrals, of which one is in front of the suture;
four rows of acrostichals and numerous lateral setule present; pleure pol-
linose, meso- and sternopleure setulose, one sternopleural and a row of four
mesopleural bristles longer, prothoracic bristle large. Abdomen subshining, in
the female the hind margin of the fifth segment alone is narrowly yellow, sixth
segment of female broad, depressed; male abdomen entirely black, the hypo-
pygium somewhat larger than the distal segments, globular, deeply excised and

262 JourNAL New York EntomotocicaL Society. [Vol. XXI.

with two black linear lamella. Legs stout, black, the knees sharply marked
with yellow. Fringe of calypteres black. Wings narrow, hyaline, veins strong,
the third section of the costa one and one half times the fourth; anterior cross-
vein beyond the end of the first vein, segments of discal cell two to one, the
penultimate section of the fourth vein about one sixth the ultimate, shorter
than the posterior crossvein and about two fifths the length of the ultimate
section of the fifth vein.

Four males and three females. Powell County, Montana (Wm. M.
Mann) ; Moscow Mountain, Idaho; Mount Constitution, Washington.

Agromyza auriceps new species.

3d. Length 2 mm. Black, pollinose, the occiput, thorax and abdomen
with grayish tinge, the legs black. Interfrontalia, face, cheeks, labella, halteres
and the narrow incisures of the abdomen yellow. Antenne and palpi black.
Vibrissal ridge brown; clypeus black. The narrow frontal orbits black, grad-
ually merging into yellow anteriorly; four fronto-orbitals; ocellar bristles
reaching half way to the antenne. Thoracic setule rather fine and long, about
four rows of acrostichals; the dorsocentrals scarcely differentiated from the
setule, except the posterior pair. Notopleural suture very narrowly yellow; a
narrow triangular yellow mark descending on the meso-pteropleural suture;
one posterior sternopleural and one posterior mesopleural bristle. Calypteres
dirty yellow and with blackish fringe. The penultimate segment of the male
abdomen somewhat shining, the hypopygium small, globular, its parts not pro-
jecting; in the male the incisures of the venter also rather narrowly but uni-
formly yellow; in the female the incisures of the basal four segments very
narrowly of the penultimate segment rather broadly yellow, the ultimate seg-
ment shining jet black, compressed, and as long as the preceding three seg-
ments together; hairs of the abdomen rather conspicuous, the membrane
between the sternites and the tergites yellow. Wings hyaline, veins blackish,
rather strong, the second section of the costa two and one half times the third,
which is equal to the fourth, the ends of the third and fourth veins diverg-
ing; anterior crossvein before the middle of the discal cell, the penultimate
section of the fourth vein about one fourth the ultimate and a little longer
than the posterior crossvein; the ultimate section of the fifth vein slightly
longer than the penultimate section; anal vein strong, nearly reaching the
wing margin.

Five males and six females, Moscow Mountain, Idaho; one female,
Colorado (C. F. Baker, collector).

This species is probably closely related to Agromyza Davisii, re-
cently described by Walton, but can scarcely be the same on account
of its weak thoracic bristles.

tala els itl

Sept., 1913] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 263

Agromyza interfrontalis new species.

Female.—Length 1.7 mm. Black, subshining, the center of the front,
labella, scutellum except the anterior angles, upper mesopleural sutures, calyp-
teres and root of wings, halteres, and rather narrowly the knees, yellow; later-
ally the incisures of the basal segments of the abdomen becoming yellowish,
and the penultimate segment with an apical yellow band. Front becoming nar-
rower towards the antenne, the orbits relatively broad and nearly as wide as
the interfrontal stripe; ocellar triangle rounded and black, the ocellar bristles
small, scarcely reaching one fourth the length of the front. Cheeks piceous
black, about one sixth the eye-height; a single vibrissa. Three dorsocentrals,
acrostichals very sparse. Last segment of the abdomen rounded, not longer
than the penultimate segment, the ovipositor short. No tibial bristles. Margin
of the calypteres a little dusky. Wings hyaline, veins dark; third section of
the costa longer than the fourth section and about one third as long as the
second section; discal cell small, the posterior crossvein opposite the end of
the first vein, the anterior crossvein before the middle of the discal cell; seg-
ments of the fourth vein proportioned about one to six, of the fifth vein about
one to two; the fourth vein ending at the wing tip, subparallel with the third.

One specimen, Tacoma, Washington, August 27, 1912.
Structurally this species is related to /uctuwosa Meigen, from which
it differs in the color of the scutellum and of the front.

Agromyza pollinosa new species.

Male—Length 2mm. Largely black, overlaid with cinereous brown pollen.
Head yellow, the occiput except laterally and below and the round ocellar tri-
angle black. Ocellar bristles reaching three fourths the distance to the frontal
suture; four to six pairs of fronto-orbitals; face strongly receding, carinate
between the subantennal depressions; cheeks about one third the height of the
obliquely oval and pubescent eyes; one vibrissa and three weak oral hairs.
Mouth-parts yellow, palpi broad. Antenne yellow, the third joint subreniform,
the arista yellowish at its base. Pleure and notum subopaque, with grayish
pollen; the narrow notopleural and meso-pteropleural sutures yellow; bristles
long, four dorsocentrals, four rows of acrostichal setule. Abdomen subshin-
ing, the lateral membrane yellow; hypopygium relatively large, with two rather
long, narrow lamelle in the apical excision. Apex of the coxe and the broad
knees yellowish; middle tibiz without extensor bristles. Halteres, calypteres
and root of wing yellow; wings hyaline, narrow, the veins slender but dark;
third section of costa longer than the fourth and about one fifth as long as
the second section; anterior crossvein just beyond the end of the first vein
and just beyond the middle of the discal cell; sections of fourth vein about one
to five, of the fifth vein subequal.

Two specimens from grass sweepings gathered by Professor Wm.
T. Shaw at Sitka, Alaska, July 16, 1907.

264 JourNAL NEw York EnrtTomotocicat Society, [Vol. XXI.

Agromyza pacifica new species.

32. Length 1.5-2 mm. Pale yellow, the following parts black, cinereous
dusted; middle of occiput, disk of mesonotum, leaving the sides broadly and
a large prescutellar spot yellow, metanotum largely, spots at base of posterior
coxe, that on the sternopleure large and triangular, and also the hypopygium
black. The last abdominal segment of the female is short and jet black.
Third antennal joint, arista except base, front of clypeus, and small irregular
spots on pleure black or blackish. Front rather broad, quadrate, three fronto-
orbitals, ocellar bristles reaching two thirds the distance to the antenne ; face
not carinate; cheeks one fourth the eye-height; vibrissa longer than the sparse
oral hairs. Four dorsocentrals, setule very sparse but long, acrostichals in
two irregular rows; three mesopleural bristles present in a vertical posterior
row, the center one longest. Calypteres with dusky margin and fringe. Legs
less pure yellow, no tibial bristles. Centers of abdominal tergites a little
dusky. Wings hyaline; third section of costa subequal to the fourth and a
little more than one fourth the extent of the second section; anterior crossvein
just beyond the termination of the first vein and beyond the middle of the
discal cell; fourth vein ends beyond the wing tip, its sections one to six; basal
section of the fifth vein somewhat shorter than the apical section.

One male, six females. Bellingham and Mount Constitution,
Washington; Douglas, Alaska (E. L. Jenne).

Agromyza varia new species.

Female.—Length 2 mm. Largely blackish, the following parts yellow;
front, face, cheeks, occipital orbits below, proboscis, broad sides of mesonotum,
sutures of pleure, lateral membrane of abdomen, narrow apex of penultimate
abdominal segment, root of halteres and underside of anterior femora. Re-
mainder of the body black or blackish, including the antennz, entire arista,
palpi, ocellar triangle, occiput, disk of mesonotum, scutellum except its apex,
most of pleurzee, margin of calypteres, knob of halteres, the abdomen, of which
the short terminal segment is jet black, and most of the legs. Front square,
three strong fronto-orbitals, ocellar bristles reaching two thirds the distance
to the antenne; face rather flat, cheeks one third the eye-height; vibrissa a
little longer than the five oral hairs. Four dorsocentrals, acrostichals very
sparse, in two irregular rows; two mesopleural bristles and a few additional
setule. No tibial bristles. Wings hyaline; the third section of the costa
longer than the fourth and about one third as long as the second section;
anterior crossvein before the end of the first vein and beyond the middle of
the discal cell; fourth vein ending at the wing tip, its sections about one to
seven; basal section of the fifth vein two thirds as long as the outer section;
posterior crossvein equal to the penultimate section of the fourth vein; aux-
iliary vein ending much before the end of the first vein.

One specimen, Moscow Mountain, Idaho, June 12, 1910.

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 265

This species is structurally very close to pacifica, differing but
slightly in the neuration. The setule of the mesopleurz are less
evident in pacifica and the arista is less robust and more openly pubes-
cent. The blackened knob of the halteres is unusual for this section
of the genus.

Agromyza clara new species.

Male.——Length 1 mm. Face, cheeks, lower occiput, lower front, antenne,
mouth-parts, halteres, legs and most of pleure whitish to pale yellow. Upper
occiput, vertex, mesonotum except lateral margins, scutellum, metanotum ex-
cept a subscutellar cinereous line, spots on sternopleure and hypopleurz, and
abdomen except very narrow incisures, black or blackish. Front very broad
and square, with three fronto-orbitals; the ocellar bristles reaching about one
third the distance to the antenne; face greatly receding, nearly flat; antenne
porrect rather than decumbent; cheeks about one half the eye-height, a single
vibrissa and a single oral hair present. Apparently three dorsocentrals present,
acrostichals very sparse; pleure not setulose. Calypteres with dusky margin
and fringe. Tarsi a little darkened; no tibial bristles. Wings hyaline, veins
rather strong and dark; third section of costa equal to fourth and about one
fourth the length of the second section; discal cell small, the anterior crossvein
before the end of the first vein, and beyond the middle of the discal cell;
fourth vein ending at wing tip, its segments about one to ten; basal section
of fifth vein but little more than one half the length of the distal section.

One specimen, Mount Constitution, Orcas Island, Washington,
July 31, 1908.

Agromyza lima new species.

Male—Length 1.5 mm. Yellow and black in color, the following parts of
the body are pale yellow; head, except center of occiput, most of pleurz, sides
of mesonotum, most of scutellum, incisures of abdomen, antennz, mouth-parts,
halteres, calypteres, root of wings, and most of legs. The following parts of
the body are black and more or less overlaid with grayish pollen; small ocellar
triangle, occiput except orbits, a humeral spot, disk of mesonotum extending
to the scutellum and scarcely notched along the sides, spot in meso- and sterno-
pleure, the last-mentioned largest; basal angles of scutellum, metathorax
largely, and abdomen mostly, except narrow incisures and broader sides of
the segments; the hypopygium is also black. Front slightly longer than broad
and narrower toward the antenne; three or four small fronto-orbitals; ocellar
bristles reaching about one third the length of the front. Antenne reaching
half way to the epistome, the arista two times the length of the third joint,
its base yellowish. Face moderately carinate; cheeks nearly as deep as the
eye-height; vibrisse not longer than the four or five oral hairs. Two dorso-
centrals, no setule; meso- and sternopleure bare except for the single small

266 JourNaL New York Entomotocicat Society. ([Vol. XXI.

bristle on each. Femora pale yellow, tibiae and tarsi testaceous, no tibial
bristles. Wings hyaline, veins dull yellowish; the third section of the costa
subequal to the fourth and one fourth the length of the second section; the
fourth vein ends at the wing tip, its sections about one to six; discal cell
small, the anterior crossvein before its middle and before the end of the aux-
iliary vein, the posterior crossvein just beyond the end of the first vein and
shorter than the second section of the discal cell; basal section of the fifth
vein one half as long as the outer section.

Female.—Slightly larger, about 2 mm. in length. The abdomen is blacker,
the incisures scarcely yellow, except the apical margin of the penultimate seg-
ment; the ultimate segment is jet black, cylindrico-conical, about as long as
two of the middle segments together, the ovipositor short, tubular.

Three males and four females, Moscow Mountain, Idaho, July,
I9II and I9gI2.

Liriomyza tubifer new species.

Female.—Length 2 mm. Shining yellow except the following parts black:
occiput except the lower orbits and oral portion, small ocellar spot, center
of mesonotum broadly but with narrow incisions above the humeri, at the
suture and in back on the intra-alar stripe, and with a broad quadrate emargi-
nation before the scutellum (laterally and posteriorly the mesonotum is yel-
low), small black spots on humeri, notopleural suture, mesopleure below and
above hind coxe, and a large triangular black spot on the sternopleure, also
the metanotum and the large ovipositor black. The abdomen is yellowish,
with broad brown fascie on the middle of the segments. Front very little
longer than wide, with four fronto-orbitals, the upper one reclinate and dis-
tant from the lower converging smaller three; ocellar bristles extending down
one third the length of the front. Antenne not reaching the epistome, the
arista coarse and black. Mouth-parts yellow. The vibrissa scarcely differ-
entiated from the row of five oral hairs. Two dorsocentrals; about six rows
of fine acrostichals; one presutural. The last abdominal segment as long as
the preceding three, compressed near the base, the cylindrical ovipositor pro-
jecting. Coxe and femora pale yellow, the tibie and tarsi blackish; no tibial
bristles. Halteres yellow; calypteres with dark fringe. Wings hyaline; the
third section of the costa two thirds as long as the fourth section and about
one sixth as long as the second section; the anterior crossvein before the end
of the first vein and at the middle of the small discal cell; the sections of the
fourth vein proportioned one to seven, of the fifth vein two to three; posterior
crossvein oblique, opposite the end of the first vein and shorter than the front
sections of the discal cell.

One specimen, Hayti.

The genus Liriomyza, established by Mik for a species with long
ovipositor, is hardly tenable. The present species, aside from the ovi-

i i

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 267

positor, would be considered merely a color variation of Agromyza
melampyga. It is doubtful if the males would offer structural differ-
ences from ordinary Agromyzas, and, moreover, the length of the
ovipositor and of the last abdominal segment of the female is a vari-
able character among the several species.

Notes oN SOME SPECIES OF Agromyza.

Agromyza curvipalpis Zetterstedt. The European specimens I
possess have the veins thinner than in the majority of the American
specimens. One male from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, is larger,
the head a little sturdier and the lateral shining stripes of the front
are narrower than usual, including the orbits from the eyes to the
frontal bristles. Usually the frontal bristles are located upon the
brightest part of the shining stripes. Various authors mention the
porrect curved palpi of the male. In all my males the palpi are not
especially conspicuous. The females are separable from maura with
great difficulty. The best character seems to be the relative dense-
ness of the pubescence on the frontal orbits. In mawra these hairs
grow dense and are easily seen under a high magnification.

Agromyza dimidiata Walker. This species was described as a
Phytomyza, but was thought by Coquillett to be the same as ¢rifolit,
which is scutellata. The brief description makes identification im-
possible.

Agromyza invaria Walker is unrecognizable from the description.

Agromyza lacteipennis Fallen. This European species was re-
ported by Coquillett as occurring in Alaska. It belongs to the Mili-
chiine genus Meoneura, as has already been noticed by Hendel,* and
is specifically the same as vagans Fallen. It is of common occurrence
in the northwest.

Agromyza neptis Loew might be confused with parvicornis Loew,
which it greatly resembles. Neptis has the wings more slender, with
the front and hind borders more nearly parallel and the veins darker ;
the marginal cell is about four times as long as the submarginal along
the costa; in parvicornis it is about three times as long. The veins at
the base of the wing are dusky and not yellowish. The arista is
scarcely twice as long as the antennz and is microscopically pubescent.

1 Wiener entomologische Zeitung, XXX, 35 (1911).

268 JourNAL NEw York Entomotoeicat Socrery. [Vol. XXI.

Agromyza parvicornis Loew. The veins are usually yellowish,
especially pronounced on the basal half of the wing. The arista is
visibly pubescent and fully two and one half times as long as the
antenna. See note under neptis.

Agromyza sorosis Williston. I have a specimen received from
Dr. Williston’s collection, from Piedro Blanca, Bolivia, April, which
has the pubescence of the arista more distinct than in the specimens
from the states.

Agromyza sulphuriceps Strobl. Although I have no European
material for comparison, I place six specimens from Troy, Idaho, and
Kamiac Butte, Washington, in this species. They agree so thoroughly
with Professor Strobl’s description that it would add nothing to the
knowledge of this genus to bestow a new name on these flies. The
species is apparently very close to varifrons Coquillett, and possibly
is the same. The differences given in the table, all that is tangible
in the descriptions, are probably more apparent on paper than real in
nature.

Agromyza teniola Coquillett. This may be a variation of grossi-
cornis. Coquillett’s type from California has three dorsocentrals, the
third antennal joint very small and the mesonotum not pruinose. I
have specimens that agree in other particulars with the description of
teniola, but have four dorsocentrals of varying size, and the meso-
notum lightly pollinose.

Agromyza tilie Couden. This species was described from mate-
rial reared from stem galls of the American linden. It is very close
to simplex according to Coquillett and Couden, the only discernible
differences being the position of the frontal bristles and the shape of
the ocellar triangle. As both of these characters are quite variable
in other species of this genus, the form tilie may be included with
simplex as variations of the broad species maura. The shining frontal
triangle is large, elongate and has its sides concave; the lower four
frontal bristles are close together and well separated from the upper
bristle. The two sections of the fifth vein are equal, as in simplex,
but the space between the crossveins is greater, ranging from one
half to nearly the length of the posterior crossvein. I have a speci-
men presumably belonging here, from Montreal Island, Quebec, re-
ceived from G. Chagnon. The lower frontal bristles, however, are

not so crowded as pictured for tilie. The specimen has the frontal .

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 269

lunule cinereous, differing in this respect from the other specimens
of maura. The face is receding and slightly carinate, and the tip of
the abdomen is bronzed.

Agromyza tritici Fitch. Length 2 mm. Black, the lower part of
the front and the oral margin yellowish; legs blackish; knees yellow;
fourth vein evanescent beyond the small discal cell. New York. The
description is too brief to place this species in the table. It suggests
Meoneura or Napomyza rather than Agromysa. The figure shows
the costa stopping at the third vein.

TABLE OF THE SPECIES OF Phytomyza.

Front narrow; third antennal joint ending in a point, as in Cerodonta; third
vein ending far before the tip of the wing. (Eur.; Wash.*)
acuticornis Loew.

Front normally broad; the third antennal joint not pointed................ 2.
2. Front principally black or cinereous; antenne black................... Be
Bronte anducheeks lareely yellow sacs «circ 0 ole o erect salen ie Neder esas Es

3. Abdomen yellow, except the tip; thorax and legs opaque cinereous black ;
mesonotum densely hairy between the bristles. (N. Y.*)

bicolor Coquillett.

Abdomen mostly black (sometimes the incisures narrowly yellow) ; meso-

NOLUA TOt- CenSely; naitys 5 steve siercuehe hereteleleievanese aisteve) edie seus as ois) es 4.

4. Frontal orbits whitish, contrasting with the brownish central portion of

the front; anterior dorsocentrals small; cheeks one-sixth the eye-

heiehtewanistaeslenders. (ids Washt®)ioo eeu. vance sc orbitalis n. sp.

Front blackish, the orbits concolorous; four dorsocentrals.............. Be

5. Frontal orbits, thorax and abdomen shining; wings nearly hyaline...... 6.

Frontal orbits opaque; thorax more or less dusted; four fronto-orbitals.

Kabscirelicmialllets) i tate ces: fatitetenlS- <1a1 etet forere sete sie sy ehaua craier Syane blietare. oc os

6. Entirely black, except the halteres and proboscis; veins blackish up to the

base; three fronto-orbitals; fringe of calypteres black; third antennal

joint, Shorter than’ ‘deep; (Nix Yu,* Idk*).cjc costo cnc ews s « nitida n. sp.

Legs partly fuscous; base of wings and notopleural suture yellowish; four

fronto-orbitals; fringe of calypteres yellow; third antennal joint

longer thanadeepy 1G. CG. 2Ont) ian. see cicseis fon: clematidis Loew.

7. Wings lightly clouded, especially in front; mesonotum subshining; cheeks
fuscous. (Eur.; Wash.*)....obscurella var. nigripennis Zetterstedt.

Wings not with fuscous tinge, the marginal cell not brownish........... 8.

8. Cheeks black; abdomen and legs generally black...............ceeece- 9.
Cheeks brown; sides of abdomen, some of the incisures, and the knees
Seteralllyfeyello washes cists cielye wef « ove sles a ccotve we Rie RE va cee ae 10.

9. Knees paler; second section of the costa four times longer than the third

270 JourNAL NEw York Entomotocicat Society. [Vol. XXI.

Io.

er

I2.

13s

14.

16.

17.

18.

section, the third vein ending a little in front of the tip of the wing;
abdomen subopaque. (Eur.;* Greenl., Cal., Id.,.* Wash.*)
obscurella Fallen, sens. str.
Legs black; the second section of the costa about three times longer than
the third section, the third vein ending much before the tip of the
wing; abdomen more shining. (Eur.;* Greenl., Id.,* Wash.*)
obscurella var. nigritella Zetterstedt.
Thorax opaque, cinereous dusted, with a faint yellowish humeral spot.
(D. C., Mass., Cal., Ore., Wash.,* Alaska.)
: obscurella var. ilicicola Loew.
Thorax subshining, slightly dusted, no humeral spot. (Eur.;* Id.,* Wash.,*
Alaska) peace ca nics ore ame Oe eee obscurella var. nigra Meigen.
Antenne yellow, the third joint sometimes infuscated...............- T2:
Antenne black, or at least the third joint entirely black............... 14.
Cheeks broader than the eye-height; the third antennal joint elongate-
oval; pleurevand legs yellows (Gls) ete eee eee. genalis n. sp.
Cheeks narrower than the eye-height; the third antennal joint short-
POUT GM gies Si hate She Shane ee er aaa ecole ae ale Raat eet een oa Tae
Third antennal joint bluntly rounded, pubescent and dusky; pleure, abdo-
men and legssyellow.) «@euras ind) heres eee analis Zetterstedt.
Third antennal joint minute and bare; pleure, abdomen and legs black,
but variegated with yellow. (Eur.;* Ohio, Ill., Alaska.)
flavicornis Zetterstedt.
Femora in part at least yellowish; base of antenne yellow; lateral margins
ofsthorax vat leastabroadlys yellow ee creer ete aieients ert TS
Femora black, except the knees; antenne entirely black or dark brown;
blackish sspéeres ifs bone basin crests Oona Po eR Ne eet 19.

. Wings dark, veins blackish; scutellum cinereous black; opaque black spe-

Ces (CDE CO setts ini saint nets Ba Oboe eee nervosa Loew.
Wings hyaline; scutellum yellow, or at least usually yellow in the middle;
species: often yellow: die cc cuted se ecu ee ieee eee cee erence Nee epee 16,
Body subshining; mesonotum marked with four brown vitte, the middle
pair scarcely extending beyond its middle. (Tex.)
clemativora Coquillett.
Body opaque dusted; mesonotum marked with cinereous black. (flava
Fallen.) 2 iistaene dhe as oot coe bas theta Panera Rc. Sie shaitetone 2 exer temete Loe
Pleure;jabdomen and legs darrely, yellow =. sacmeee seen eel amici erie 18.
Pleure, abdomen and legs largely black. (Eur. ;* Greenl.)
flava var. zetterstedti Schiner.
Pleure, except part of the sternopleura, yellow; abdomen yellow; meso-
notum with two narrow yellow vitte dividing the dark color into
three parts: (Panera bet) meoeiertae serie flava Fallen sens. str.
Pleure with the dark color more extended; abdomen sometimes dusky in
part; yellow stripes of the mesonotum not evident. (Eur.;* Id.,*
One®) Sarccaticnted aloecete wate txanvonts flava var. flavoscutellata Fallen.

i ile ell

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 271

19. Sides of thorax and the humeri broadly yellow. (Eur.;* Id.,* Wash.*)
bipunctata Loew.

Notopleural suture narrowly yellow, humeri not yellow...............20.

20. Mesonotum, pleure and abdomen subshining; bristles fine; arista short-
DUbEScents em Cenc Gone he s@. w Mlb sald, e ates. « aquilegie Hardy.

Notum and pleure opaque cinereous black; bristles coarse.............21.

21. Arista much thickened and closely pubescent; usually three fronto-orbitals.
(Golde Walsh} ieee essere eeroteet stehool oe eatt stele: stake crassiseta Zetterstedt.

- NTIS t AMIS tad CLAS ASMITS Uelliraieltare erie cial cp Wosehcvel leva tore el letel el chal wiehs cieloieteta cieis'e sles 22s

22. Arostichals present; ovipositor longer than the last abdominal segment. 23.
Acrostichals absent; ovipositor shorter than the last segment; incisures
yellow. (N. Y., Mass.,* Conn., Pa., N.J., B. C.*) .chrysanthemi Kowarz.
23. Incisures of the abdomen conspicuously yellow. (Eur.;* Greenl., Id.*)
CSOs: Gama icll etetta) mareretencteeesiececteay siete ioe ae leaner tenho nerelel as cept affinis Fallen.
Incisures not yellow, only the last segment banded. (Eur.;* Mass., N. Y.,

D. C., Ont., Id.,* Ore.,.* Wash.,* Cal.*) (genualis Loew.)
albiceps Meigen.

Phytomyza orbitalis new species.

3. Length 1.5 mm. Black, with a slight brownish tinge, lightly dusted.
Frontal orbits marked with a yellow stripe bearing the bristles. Proboscis,
notopleural suture broadly, humeri, some of the abdominal incisures narrowly,
knees, tarsi and root of wings more or less dark brownish. Humeral callus
sometimes yellowish. Halteres whitish yellow. Four fronto-orbitals; center
of front opaque, but sometimes brownish; cheeks one sixth the eye-height ;
vibrissa not much stronger than the oral hairs; third joint of antenne rounded-
ovate, scarcely pubescent, the arista microscopically pubescent, two times the
length of the third antennal joint. Five dorsocentrals, of which one is pre-
sutural, but the anterior three weak and scarcely differentiated from the
setule; four scattered rows of acrostichals; two sternopleurals, the large meso-
pleural near the top of the row. Last abdominal segment short, conical.
Fringe of calypteres dusky; wings nearly hyaline, the fourth vein nearly
straight, ending beyond the wing tip, the third section of the costa but little
shorter than the following section.

Twenty-two specimens, from Collins, Troy and Moscow Mountain,
Idaho, and from Pullman, Kamiac Butte and Oroville, Washington;
May to August, but most of the specimens taken in June.

The species is structurally very much like obscurella Fallen. The
arista, however, is more slender and less perceptibly pubescent, the

_ cheeks are narrower and the dorsocentrals are less pronounced.

Phytomyza nitida new species.

6. Length 1.3 mm. Black, rather shining, the proboscis, halteres and
root of wing whitish. Two or three fronto-orbitals; the vibrissa no longer

272 JourNAL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SocrEety. [Vol. XXI.

than the oral hairs. Eyes large, leaving the cheeks about,one fourth the eye-
height. Third joint of antenne orbicular, not hairy, the arista about twice
the length of the third joint. Four small dorsocentrals, the acrostichals minute ;
one fine mesopleural and one sternopleural bristle, no setule. Terminal seg-
ment of abdomen of female short. Calypteres with dusky margin and fringe.
Wings lightly infumated, the fourth vein ending at the wing tip or just be-
yond, the fourth section of the costal margin about twice as long as the third.

Five specimens from the Cedar Mountains of Idaho, taken at Troy,
Bovill and Moscow; and one from White Plains, New York, the last
mentioned specimen collected by J. R. de la Torre Bueno.

This species is apparently close to morio Zetterstedt, but the wings
are not white. It differs from the related obscurella Fallen and orbi-
talis n. sp. in having three fronto-orbitals, the dorsocentrals and espe-
cially the acrostichal and other setulze weak, and the pollinosity
greatly reduced.

Phytomyza genalis new species.

39. Length 2.5 mm. Robust, yellow, the ocellar triangle, occipital spot,
disk of mesonotum, the scutellum and metanotum, a fainter spot above the
posterior coxe, and in the female the bases of the abdominal segments, ciner-
eous black; ovipositor and apical half of preceding segment shining jet black.
Eyes small, rounded-oval, the front and cheeks broad, the latter comprised
largely of the obliquely descending gene: four fronto-orbitals; vibrissa small.
Antenne yellow, elongate, the third joint one half longer than deep, nearly
bare, the black, bare arista two and one half times as long as the third joint.
Mouth-parts yellow. Four long dorsocentrals, two rows of sparse acrostichals,
one long mesopleural. Tarsi a little dusky. Halteres yellow. Calypteres with
a dense dusky fringe. Wings brownish hyaline, root of first vein yellow, the
fourth vein straight, ending just beyond the wing tip.

Two specimens, Chicago, Illinois.

The species resembles analis Zetterstedt, but has much smaller
eyes, longer antennz, dark scutellum, and in the female a fasciate
abdomen.

NAPOMYZA Haliday.

Anterior crossvein at two thirds the length of the small discal cell, the last
section of the fifth vein about five times as long as the preceding
SECHOM WM sr anete crepes shoe ife fa) strane seu aisjel(sgostalovanaoneialveueilsWeverekoteNemelotereneyeretcReretansne 2;
Discal cell minute, the posterior crossvein nearly opposite the anterior; ulti-
mate section of the fifth vein eight or more times as long as the pre-
Ceding SEChON 4.4 cA WSR he ae ee Secclele chads Om rouove rete hero heathy nee

Sept., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 273

2. Four dorsocentrals; thorax opaque gray pruinose; head largely black; legs
black, except the knees. (Alaska.) (Agromyza.).parvicella Coquillett.1
Dorsocentrals weak, thorax somewhat subshining, the sides broadly yellow;
head yellow except the occiput; anterior tibie and tarsi yellowish.

(Ailes) Mescereaen etn era aoe et apey eee avonc set cree Saale r'Scereln eas plagiata sp. nov.

3. Posterior crossvein in front of the anterior crossvein; ovipositor depressed ;
opaque black species with fuscous head, pale knees, notopleural stripe

and incisures of abdomen. (Eur., Id.,* Wash.)..... anomala Strobl.
Posterior crossvein opposite the anterior crossvein; ovipositor compressed ;
mostly cinereous black, the head yellowish. (Eur.;* N. H., Ill., Mo.,

Cole GAl as lea icra versions te isle wcsueleral svete ey oaket susie: oy sual Sherer cia lateralis Fallen,

Napomyza plagiata new species.

Female.—Length 2.5 mm. Robust, opaque blackish, the front, face, cheeks,
lower occipital orbits, proboscis, broad sides of the mesonotum, parts of the
pleure, narrow apical margins of the first, second and fifth abdominal seg-
ments, root of wings, calypteres, knees, anterior tibie and the tarsi yellowish;
knob of halteres whitish. Front broad, a little dusky towards the antenne,
four fronto-orbital bristles; antenne brown, the third joint round, with short
pubescence, arista blackish, two times as long as the third joint, minutely
pubescent. Cheeks at the middle one fifth as deep as the eye-height, the
vibrisse not larger than the oral hairs. Anterior dorsocentrals scarcely larger
than the adjacent setule, acrostichals in four very irregular rows; one sterno-
pleural and one mesopleural bristle. Last segment of the abdomen transverse
and polished, the ovipositor short, broad, depressed and deeply scabrous.
margin and fringe of calypteres dusky. Wings nearly hyaline, veins brown,
the fourth vein ending just beyond the wing tip, its sections about one to
twenty, the sections of the fifth vein proportioned about one to five, the anterior
crossvein at two thirds the length of the discal cell.

One specimen, Avon, Idaho, July 26, 1912.

[Reprinted from JouRNAL OF THE NEW YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SoctetTy, Vol. XXI,
No. 4, December, 1913.]

A SYNOPSIS OF THE DIPTEROUS GROUPS AGRO-
MYZIN#, MILICHIINZ, OCHTHIPHILINE
AND GEOMYZINE.

By A. L. MELANDER,

PULLMAN, WASHINGTON.
(Continued from p. 273.)
SUBFAMILY GEOMYZIN-.

TABLE OF THE GENERA.
9

Middle of face with a pronounced tubercle; anterior fronto-orbital proclinate;
calypter entirely devoid of cilia; only the root of the auxiliary vein
present, the costal break immediately before the end of the first vein;
cheeks comprised largely of the lateral prolongations of the center of
the face; mesopleure entirely bare. (North America.)

Sinophthalmus Coquillett.

Face not tuberculate ; anterior fronto-orbital reclinate; calypteres fringed with
cilia; auxiliary vein weak, but usually meeting the costa some dis-
tance before the end of the first vein, at which place normally is
located the costal break; lateral prolongations of the center of the
face narrow; mesopleure often setulose or bristly................ Za

2. Cheeks narrow, less than one fourth the eye-height, the center of the face
broader than the cheeks at the vibrisse; arista plumose to loosely
pubescent, more than one and one half times the length of the antenna,
its basal segment long, the third antennal joint with fine but per-
ceptible pubescence, especially along the front edge; upper occiput

283

284 Journat New York Entomotocicat Society, [Vol. XXI.

usually concave; anal angle of wing usually reduced and without large
alula; marginal cell typically long. (OPoMyYZINA.).............+. 3
Cheeks broad, usually more than one fourth the eye-height, at the vibrissal
angle usually broader than the diameter of the central part of the
face; arista shorter and sub-bare, the microscopic hairs close together,
its basal segment usually short, the third antennal joint without per-
ceptible hairs arising from the spongy pubescence; occiput flattened
or convex; anal angle evident and with alula; marginal cell typically

not lone and «narrow., ((CHUROMYIINA) ciernsteerieyeieieieeleleieereieteieiee 20.
Dorsocentrals extending in front of the suture; wings pictured.. oiahane Als
Presutural dorsocentrals absent or scarcely differentiated.............. 6.

Anal angle of wing evident; wings largely clouded with black but with
numerous hyaline spots; oral vibrisse present; two fronto-orbitals;
occiput flat; postverticals large; pleure bare; tibie with preapical
bristle: © (GNorthAmiericas) cee ecs smclelcietieicnee Spilochroa Williston.

Anal angle reduced ; wings hyaline, with some dark spots; no oral vibrissa;
one fronto-orbital; occiput concave above; no postverticals; pleure
hairy, one sternopleural, one mesopleural bristle; no preapical bristle

ONMEUDISE * seis eres ote erate nee sel We Selele eis WEG ule hersrs tees okitors SiGutere muse
Middle of cheeks with two stout vibrisse; no anal angle to wing. (Bacon
North “Americas iiss sectors aca cue ore atetecstareraferes ore ere teternce Geomyza Fallen.
Cheeks with short fine hairs only ; anal angle small but evident. (Europe,
Australias. sNorth) Americar) sive siete nietaewie ster ieee Opomyza Fallen.
At least the front tibie with preapical bristle on the outer side; four
scutellar bristles's mesopleura, Wainy. isp c clei eciere Sita eae 7

Tibie without preapical bristle (in Amphoroneura the hind tibie with a
weak preapical bristle); usually the basal scutellar bristles reduced
or wanting; mesopleure bare; second vein usually extending close to
the costa; postverticals usually minute or wanting; costa not spined. 12.

Vibrissa present; wings usually pictured.......... bravetebetstets Si ayehenie ote soir

No oral vibrisse; wings hyaline; one fronto-orbital; front and hind tibie
with preapical bristle; arista short-plumose; abdomen slender, the
second and third segments with marginal bristles; costa not spinose;
anterior cross-vein before the end of the first vein; ultimate section
of the fourth vein two thirds the length of the penultimate section;
discal cell confluent with the second basal cell. 5 mm. (Java.)

Apsinota Wulp.

. Base of fifth vein greatly thickened; one fronto-orbital; front tibie only

with preapical bristle. (North America.)....Tauromyia Giglio-Tos.
Veins not thickened; three fronto-orbitals; postverticals present; all the
tibie with preapical bristle........ EMG corec nec B deat Geatattee ets,ane MeleOs

. The three fronto-orbitals in a single row; two acrostichals, the mesonotum

densely hairy but the hairs not arranged in rows; discal and second
basal cells confluent. (North America.)..... Pseudiastata Coquillett.
Middle fronto-orbital proclinate and nearer the eye than the others are,
but two of the fronto-orbitals of large size; discal cell complete;
acrostichals numerous; Costa spimtuloSe: re. «2 els ciele cl <)elsi<islelsisie alos

Dec., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA, 285

10.

Il.

12.

7.

14.

7a

16.

Antenne more or less projecting, not reaching the oral margin; base of
anal vein present, but rudimentary........ staves nu ieleses secke aisieeiavelecss DT.
Antenne decumbent, the third joint twice as long as broad, reaching the
oral margin; anal vein wanting; foremost fronto-orbital reduced in
size; face narrow, its sides parallel; arista pubescent; the second
antennal joint tipped with a short projecting bristle. (Europe, North
Americas)... 4.2 Bela net a aiReteare hare ace ats Sosterel od: 6 Tryptocheta Rondani.
Arista plumose, the hairs longer above, third antennal joint one and one
half times as long as broad; the second joint tipped with a strong
projecting bristle; hindmost fronto-orbital reduced in size; face as
broad as either eye, widest at level of the vibrisse. (Europe, North
PNTMETCAn) faye fer ysistet chars saat "ei aero el « Hebatetoee hesaeens .....Diastata Meigen.
Arista pubescent; the third antennal joint short, oval; the second joint
without projecting bristle; fronto-orbitals of male as in Diastata, of
female as in Tryptocheia. (Europe.)............ Euthycheta Loew.
Oral vibrisse not differentiated; eyes reniform, approaching below so as
to narrow the face; arista long and loosely plumose; wings more or
VESSMDICLU LEC Aloha Scuvellarci edie tetas elelad oip acca eiele eevee deci. 1:3)
Oral vibrisse present; eyes rounded, face not shield-shaped; arista short-
plumose or pubescent; third antennal joint rounded; usually but two
strong, scutellar) bristles. 4... . 0.620. scr6 ee clerchetelc erenete eee oe tanta DSe
Wings fasciate, only the base of the auxiliary vein present, second basal
and anal cells relatively large; second antennal joint rather broad,
the third joint somewhat pointed................ Va ab eheVinies tela aneire 14.
Wings nearly hyaline, the broad marginal cell more or less brownish;
second basal and anal cells wanting; third and fourth veins converg-
ing; second and third sections of the costa equal; third antennal
joint broadly oval. (South Asia.) (Tijds. ent., LIV, 423, rortr.)
Amphoroneura deMeijere.
Face hollowed out in the middle and elevated into a low ridge on each
side and around the lower end; one pair of fronto-orbitals; two ver-
tical, one ocellar and one postvertical. (North America.)
Scutops Coquillett.
Center of face longitudinally convex and slightly raised above the facial
orbits; two pairs of fronto-orbitals, forming a transverse row, one
vertical, no ocellar, no postverticals. (North America.)
Cyamops new genus.
Wings six times as long as broad, the hind margin broadly and strongly
excised, leaving the discal cell unusually narrow; occiput convex.
@NoscthwAmierioah i. jcc) screwed aa ater seeeeeees--Mutiloptera Coquillett.
Wings not unusually narrow, the hind margin not excised; occiput con-
cave; front femora usually with a thorn beneath......... stivercietate kOe
Wings pictured, the second vein arching forward close to the costa, the
anal angle wanting; two fronto-orbitals; cheeks one tenth the eye-
height; ocellar triangle large and shining. (North America.)
Ischnomyia Loew.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

86

Journat New York Enromoxocicat Society, [Veh XXI.

Wings hyaline, the second vein parallel with the costa, the anal angle
more or less evident.........-+++e0-- CRNA tale erage a eisters Vacomslyis
Two strong fronto- eaeeaen in front of which is a senate bristle, the
hinder fronto-orbital behind the middle of the front; postverticals
present; mesonotum more or less pollinose and with acrostichal
setule; face and cheeks relatively broad. (Europe, North America.)
Anthomyza Fallen.

One strong fronto-orbital at the middle of the front, with a smaller bristle
before; postverticals minute or wanting; disc of mesonotum pol-
ISH eects ete crete miele EAE SE 1 Eee a eya.aie iti ors arora sterekote Oe eens
Front opaque, the ocellar triangle not Gnillentaeyele 5 bo q50n aan A oti oe 19.
Ocellar triangle enlarged, reaching nearly to the savant it sal the frontal
orbits descending to include the orbital bristle highly polished, thus
forming an M-shaped design on the front; arista short-plumose; two
strong dorsocentrals; postverticals minute; eyes large, the lower
facets enlarged, thus reducing the size of the face and cheeks.

(North America.)....... BP Se iielsiee ete nisie ....-Mumetopia new genus.
One dorsocentral; face shining black; postverticals minute; arista plu-
mose; wings long and narrow. (Europe.)......-- Anagnota Becker.

Two dorsocentrals; face pruinose; no postverticals; a rounder head, more
elevated thorax, shorter and broader wings with the tip less rounded,
and shorter claws. (Europe.)....... weeeeee-Paranthomyza Czerny.

Pubescent, without macrochete, scutellum margined with fine bristles,
cheeks broad and hairy; front hairy, produced over the antenne as
a subconical process. (Europe.)........- .....Selachops Wahlberg.

Macrochete developed; front not produced...........- beak le anal oan

But two postsutural dorsocentrals present; no vibrisse ; the -palished front
with a broad transverse impression below the middle, and with two
fronto-orbitals; no preapical tibial bristles; costa not broken and not
spinose. (North America.).........+++++++- Pseudodinia Coquillett.

Dorsocentrals usually extending in front of suture; front neither trans-
versely grooved nor polished; fracture of costa before the end of the
first vein usually distinct.........eee eee e eee eee reece eter eres 22.

Tibie with preapical bristle; costa bristly with short spines; two fronto-
orbitals; two presutural dorsocentrals; two or three sternopleurals..23.

Tibie without preapical bristle; costa not spinose; vibrissa small or want-
ing; one sternopleural; one presutural dorsocentral........-- eee

Black species ;, vibrisse large; face vertical, below the epistome with an
oral margin; cheeks narrower than the eye- -height; antenne normal;
front pollinose. (Europe, Asia, North America.) . Trixoscelis Rondani.

Yellow species, with yellow bristles ; vibrisse rather small; face receding
below, without oral margin; cheeks nearly as broad as the eye-height ;
antennz very small. (North America.)........-- Zagonia Coquillett.

Ovipositor lengthened, two times as long as another segment, but above
deeply compressed, so that the lateral margins form narrow ridges;
anal and second basal cells lacking; two fronto-orbitals; one row
only of acrostichals. 1.8 mm. (Europe.)....- Pseudopomyza Strobl.

Dec., 1913-] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 287

Ovipositor not of remarkable structure; anal cell at least present...... 25.

25. Acrostichal setule and hairs of front absent or greatly reduced; bristles
and hairs black; discal cell usually fused with the second basal;
cross-veins rather close together; usually no oral vibrissa; one to

three fronto-orbitals; upper occiput rather concave. (Europe, Asia,

Nig nthe Amn Eri Gas) evareveiaia oieremeter tet lel-1= aveie er sielersis) + elias Tethina Haliday.
Acrostichal and frontal hairs present; hairs and bristles often yellow or
white; discal cell separated from the second basal; oral vibrissa more

Ons lessedtiherentiated act mpi eriece nice cami ctasinc crew ae elcse s\cie sss 26.

26. Cheeks with a marginal row of hairs; face nearly vertical or projecting;
cinereous species; ultimate section of fifth vein usually shorter than

the penultimate section of the fourth; three or four fronto-orbitals,
outwardly bent. (Europe, North America.)....... Rhicnoessa Loew.

Cheeks hairy; face receding; ground-color yellow; ultimate section of fifth
vein equal to or longer than the penultimate section of the fourth

CTI MMe Tor oh Manet st ciete sci one foto, cyrus hem en eve eich o/ ous ROLLY sal suare ie A Sieve ie Savers) aeuanerd wierd 27k

27. Two or three reclinate fronto-orbitals; center of face small and deeply
sunken; upper occiput flattened. (Europe, Africa, North America.)
Aphaniosoma Becker.

Three fronto-orbitals, the front pair convergent; center of face not deeply
impressed; occiput rather convex. (Europe, Asia, North America.)
Chiromyia Desvoidy.

_SINOPHTHALMUS Coquillett.

This genus is aberrant in the Geomyzine. It differs from all the
other genera of this group before me in having the calypteres entirely
without cilia; the auxiliary vein very short, entirely vanishing half-
way to the costa, the costal break immediately before the end of the
first vein; the costa showing a weak spot beyond the humeral cross-
vein corresponding to the first costal break of other subfamilies; the
basal cross-vein of the discal cell is interrupted; the lateral prolonga-
tions of the center of the face occupy a large part of the cheeks; the
mesopleure entirely bare; and the face with central protuberance.

The genus is certainly quite similar to Drosophila repleta Wollas-
ton, differing indeed only in the family characteristics, such as the
separate basal cell and pubescent arista. The two are such replicas
of each other, so similar in size, color, vestiture, cheetotaxy, and pro-
portions of parts, that it is hard to believe that their similarity is the
result of convergence and that they should be assigned to separate
subfamilies.

But a single described species.

288 JournaL NEw York EntomotocicaL Society, [Vol. XXI.

Stout, mottled with black and yellowish ; head yellow, the cheeks, sides of occi-
put and center of front marked with black; mesonotum centrally
cinereous black, with setigerous brown spots; the pleural sutures and
base and apex of the scutellum testaceous; abdomen black, except at
base and on incisures; femora black except at end, tibize with three
brown rings; wings hyaline, the cross-veins and a spot on the fourth
vein brown. 3.5 mm. Cal.* (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VI, 191, 1904.)

pictus Coquillett.

SPILOCHROA Williston.

Gray pollinose, head, thorax, antenne and legs testaceous; abdomen brownish
black, irregularly mottled with white pubescence and with sparse
black hairs; wings largely infumated, the base and numerous rounded
or quadrate spots hyaline (see fig. 3, page 297, Williston’s Manual,
3 ed.) ; ocellar bristles large, distant one third the width of the front;
costa with short spines. 2.5 mm, (Fla., W. Ind.*) (Peratochetus
(Heterochroa)) (Ormatuss) sic <2 spss 3 tine os oe eee eee ornata Johnson.

GEOMYZA Fallen.

Wings with apical spot and both cross-veins brown; mesonotum shining red;

Te gS VEO Whi. ovci'e, ase Terens ate aye whale ekere ato ae] enel sie oc Nchate eter etait Poe Reiatonay Reema 2s

Wings with at least the anterior cross-vein not bordered with brown....... 3%

2. Legs entirely yellow; metanotum red; female abdomen reddish, with brown

bands, male abdomen sometimes reddish at base. 3-4 mm. (Eur. ;*

UW. (Ss Vireo umt Colle). ain a elate sinless snenatet sn eictsye combinata Linnzus.

Hind femora with more or less evident preapical brown ring; metanotum

blackish; abdomen black, of the female reddish at tip. 3 mm.

(Alaska, Wash.,* Id.,* Wyom., Cal.*) (Balioptera.)....lurida Loew.

3. Legs entirely yellow; mesonotum ‘shining red; posterior cross-vein clouded

with brown; abdomen of female shining black. 4 mm. (Eur.; Cal.)

venusta Meigen.

Hind legs largely brown; mesonotum blackish; both cross-veins unclouded ;
apex of abdomen of female reddish. 3 mm. (Cal.,* Wash.*)

monostigma new species.

Geomyza monostigma new species.

Female—Length 3 mm. Largely blackish, shining. Back of head blackish,
the anterior half of the front, the face, cheeks, antenne and mouth testaceous ;
arista plumose above, pubescent below. Mesonotum blackish, except the
humeri and sides; scutellum reddish; metanotum black; pleure dark brown,
the sutures broadly reddish. Abdomen black, the apex reddish. Legs dull
yellowish, the outer half of the hind femora, and a basal and apical broad ring
of the hind tibie fuscous. Halteres white, the stem black. Wings clear hya-
line, the humeral and costal cells blackish; at the tip of the marginal cell,
extending across the end of the third vein, is an apical blackish spot; cross-
veins not marked with a dark spot.

Dec., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 289

Two specimens. Stanford University, California, 24 April, 1910 (Wm. M.
Mann) ; Seattle, Washington.
Structurally the species is the same as combinata and /urida.

OPOMYZA Fallen.

It is not at all certain that the following species described by
Walker is a true Opomyza. His full description is quoted.
Testaceous, head whitish in front; thorax rather stout; abdomen with a spot

on each side near the base, a dorsal spot and the apical half black;
legs whitish; wings slightly grayish, with a blackish spot on the costa
near the base, and another on the costa at two thirds of the length;
discal transverse vein straight, parted by twice its length from the
border, and by much more than twice its length from the prebrachial
transverse, which is near the base. 3 mm. (U. S.)..signicosta Walker.

TAUROMYIA Giglio-Tos.

The genus Tauromyia has been doubtfully located among the Geo-
myzine. Williston believes it can not belong here. Its size, eight
millimeters, is greater than that of any other member of the group,
but otherwise there is nothing radical in the description to exclude
this fly from this subfamily. The head is somewhat hemispherical,
the face large and vertical, the cheeks narrow and bare but furnished
with long bristles along the margin of the large mouth-opening. One
recurved fronto-orbital bristle. Only posterior dorsocentrals present.
Wings long, the anal angle wanting, the fifth vein thickened at base.
Testaceous; face with three small black spots; front with two black spots above

antenne and ocellar triangle black; mesonotum with four brown

vitte; abdomen blackish apically, all the segments margined with
brown; wings lightly yellowish. 8mm. (Mex.)..pachyneura Giglio-Tos.

PSEUDIASTATA Coquillett.
Yellow, the abdomen brown; wings hyaline, marked with six brown bands, of
which five extend posteriorly from the costa and one covers the pos-
terior cross-vein. 3 mm. (Md.) (Proc. Wash. Ent. Soc., IX, 148,
NG O78) Parcheversradeerene erasers suetalei eve wrleidiiais gave alias shes lure nebulosa Coquillett.

TRYPTOCHATA Rondani.

Cinereous brown, the front half of the wings lightly infumated; face, cheeks,
anterior edge of the front, humeri, legs including coxe and base and
tip of abdomen yellow; mesonotum with four poorly defined darker
vitte alternating with more pollinose grayish stripes. 3mm. (Wash.*)
QWieni entom= Zig.) Kee By, 1gTI)\i a... swe e ewes micans Hendel.,

290 JournaL New York Entomotoeicat Society, [Vol. XXI.

DIASTATA Meigen.

Hind cross-vein enclosed in a brown mark............... ersyekie adel ete aie Nolet eteieree
Wings hyaline, slightly infumated along the costal portion, the costal cell
mostly black, the hind cross-vein slightly nearer the end of the fourth

vein than the anterior cross-vein. 2.5 mm. (Wash.*).modesta n. sp.

2. Costa and posterior cross-vein infumated; arista two times as long as the
thicd Vantennalls i outers der ta. ore ere eine ee eee rietaerhors aietacabies 235

Brown markings of wing including the anterior cross-vein, the costa paler
than ithe markines wanistasshonienncreiemceeitecee eerie Aeientererer

3. Posterior cross-vein considerably nearer the anterior cross-vein than the
end of the fourth vein; thorax with four indistinct vitte. 2.5 mm.
(MartinisEalls: (Canadas) secon enero re tenuipes Walker.
Posterior cross-vein nearer the end of the fourth vein than to the anterior
cross-vein; mesonotum not vittate; middle coxe of male with very

long hairs. 4 mm. (Eur.; Asia; N. H., Wash.*)....vagans Loew.

4. Wings brown, marked with three fascie, the first subbasal, the second be-
tween the cross-veins, starting at the second vein and interrupted or

not by the discal cell, the third subapical and more or less inter-

rupted at the fourth vein; base of abdomen with pollinose fasciez. 3

mits (GN WISE LE) cic chore le ecto Oe a eee pulchra Loew.

Wings largely hyaline or subhyaline, marked with blackish spots about the
costal cell, the anterior cross-vein, the posterior cross-vein extending

to the third vein, and narrowly at the end of the second, third and

fourths Vietns) 5 wicks sheis orate eters aie tie toate Be lee ee Ee

5. Abdomen shining black; on each side of the middle black spot of the
wings is a white spot, the basal of which extends from the third to

the fifth veins, the outer from the third to the fourth veins. 2-3.5

mritruey CAN als cape W\ife1ss fa eect ml ee can (O)i1e®) Pee eee eluta Loew.

Basal segments of abdomen fasciate with white pollen; outer white spot
of wing not present. 3 mm. (Eur.; N. J., Ohio.)..nebulosa Fallen.

Diastata modesta new species.

Female.—Length 2.5 mm. Disc of mesonotum brownish pollinose, the
notopleural suture and pleure cinereous; abdomen subshining, with uniform
thin coating of brownish pollen. Front luteous, the orbits raised as far as
the foremost bristle, merging at the minute hindmost frontal bristle with the
brown-cinereous color of the occiput. Postvertical bristles large, twice as far
apart as the ocellars. Antenne yellow, the third joint one and one fourth
times as long as broad, apically rounded, the black arista loosely plumose, and
about two times as long as the joint. Face and cheeks white. Two dorso-
centrals, eight rows of acrostichals, three supra-alars, two sternopleurals, meso-
pleure setulose with a row of six upward-directed bristles along the posterior
margin. Legs including the coxe yellow. Wings nearly hyaline, the costal
cell black, the costal portion lightly infumated, no fascie or spottings; ante-
rior cross-vein located under the end of the first vein, costal spines minute.

Ee

Dec., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 291

A single specimen, taken July 31, 1908, on Mount Constitution, Orcas
Island, Washington.

SCUTOPS Coquillett.

Yellow, apices of palpi, two broad vitte on mesonotum, metanotum except
sides, abdomen and two interrupted bands on each tibia, black; pol-
ished, the face, orbits and notopleural suture pruinose; wings brown-
ish outwardly, with a subapical fascia and the tip whitish. 3 mm.
(Nicaragua.) (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VI, 97, 1904.)

fascipennis Coquillett.
CYAMOPS new genus.

Near Scutops Coquillett. Head broader than the thorax, the upper
occiput concave, the lower occiput convex, the head therefore longest
below, but still much higher than long. Eyes reniform, vertical, the
lower anterior facets enlarged so as to diminish the size of the face.
Sides of front nearly parallel, that part of the front between the ocelli
and the antenne nearly twice as broad as long; two pairs of fronto-
orbitals, on nearly a horizontal row, the inner pair reclinate, the outer
pair proclinate; no ocellar or postvertical bristles; but one pair (the
inner) of vertical bristles present. Face suddenly narrowed beneath
the antennze by the encroaching eyes, which nearly obliterate the
facial orbits at the place where they pass into the gene, the sides of
the center of the face, however, vertically subparallel, this portion of
the face slightly convex, expanding and rounding below without an
oral margin into the large buccal cavity; clypeus (Chitinhufeisen)
strongly developed, but retracted into the cavity. Cheeks about one
tenth the eye-height, the gene nearly parallel with the margin of the
eye, the bucce differentiated only as the line bearing the weak oral
hairs, the lateral prolongations of the center of the face forming a
triangular anterior part of the cheeks, passing into, but separated by
a distinct oblique suture, from the unusually developed shining pos-
terior oral margin; vibrisse no larger than the oral hairs, but porrect.

Cheetotaxy of the thorax as follows: one dorsocentral, two rows
of fine acrostichals approximate before but diverging behind, two noto-
pleurals, two supra-alars, four scutellars; one sternopleural centrally
located, pleurze otherwise glabrous. Abdomen very sparsely hairy,
comprising six flattened segments, broad up to the last segment, which
is very short and abruptly and strongly constricted for the attachment
of the small genitalia. The hypopygium consisting of two vertically
moving valves, from the upper of which arise two short converging

292 JournaL New York Entomotoeicat Society, [Vol. XXI.

processes. Legs without bristles and with ordinary hairs; the middle

tibie tipped with a long spur. Calypteres rudimentary, fringed with
but four hairs. Wings about two and one half times as long as wide;
costa stopping at the fourth vein, weakened but not actually broken
some distance before the end of the first vein, the second section of
the costa two times as long as the third, which is twice the length of
the fourth section; auxiliary vein straight, vanishing halfway between
the humeral cross-vein and the end of the first vein; the first vein
extending two fifths the length of the wing; third and fourth veins
slightly converging, the anterior cross-vein before the middle of the
long discal cell, the sections of the fourth vein proportioned about
three to four, those of the fifth vein about six to one, the posterior
cross-vein longer than the ultimate section of the fifth and one half
the length of the penultimate section of the fourth vein; basal cells
completely formed and elongate, anal vein extending one half the
way to the margin of the wing.
Type species: Cyamops nebulosa, new species, following.

Cyamops nebulosa new species.

Male.—Length 2.5 mm. Shining, blackish, the lower part of the front
opaque black, with white-pollinose orbits, the face and cheeks whitish-pollinose.
Legs including the coxe yellowish, the outer two thirds of the femora black-
ish, the tip of the tarsi brown. MHalteres with large white knob; calypteres
margined with brown. Center of wing with a large brownish cloud, the apex
similarly clouded.

One specimen. Woods Hole, Massachusetts. July 7, 1902.

While this insect is markedly different from the other Geomyzine,
yet it finds its best location here. The only other groups with which
it could be confused are the Psilinze and the Drosophilinz.

MUTILOPTERA Coquillett.

Yellow, the abdomen black. Wings hyaline, the apex brown, which color ex-
tends half way to the posterior cross-vein; cross-veins of equal
length, the posterior clouded with brown. 2mm. (N. Dak.) (Proce.
Ent. (Socs Washe) (xe) Tai moo7e.) eee astern apicalis Coquillett.

ISCHNOMYIA Loew.

With darker spot at end of second vein, all the other veins bordered with
brown; upper vibrisse long; palpi brownish; pleure largely blackish ;
front femora with strong thorn beneath. 3 mm. (Mich.*) (Wien.
ent. Ztg., XXX, 45, 1911; Williston, Manual, 3 ed., p. 80, fig. 14.)

spinosa Hendel

i act tia te ie ed

Dec., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 293

Third vein broadly brown, expanding anteriorly at tip of wing, the root of the
wing black, the posterior veins obscurely bordered; both vibrissz
small; palpi whitish; pleuree whitish, with black border above; front
femora beneath with a row of uniform bristles; mesonotum often
with two pale stripes. 2.5 mm. (Pa., N. J., Wisc.) .albicosta Walker.

ANTHOMYZA Fallen.

Head, thorax, abdomen, halteres and legs, except the last tarsal joint, wholly

Wellowe ech Ommanae ey CRs UNA SKl cS) ire clereicisrs enc ates « pallida Zetterstedt.
PantlyronewiHollyaiblackishiates sce cscieteecierstere os aera caytis.oie suave Gs ae cele wiais'e Ze
2. Pleure yellow, largely or wholly; last tarsal joint black................ 2°

Pleure wholly black, lightly cinereous; legs entirely yellow; occiput and

thorax black, abdomen brownish; halteres yellow. 2.5 mm. (Eur.;

Ont ele Ne Wer celidest Walshe). coceecern sen eee gracilis Fallen.

3. Mesonotum and scutellum grayish; head, antenne, humeri, pleure, venter,
halteres and legs yellow. 2.5 mm. (Alaska, Wash.,* N. H.)

tenuis Loew.

Largely yellowish; occipital spot, mesonotum with four faint vitte, pleure

above and abdomen with fuscous fascie, darker. 2.3 mm. (D. C.,

Nee ee Gra ema a Slit) cre cy retetn a ait, armors etter. jensiacd oxi variegata Loew.

MUMETOPIA new genus.

Related to Anthomyza but differs in the narrower face and cheeks,
the reduction of the fronto-orbital bristles, and the specialization of
the interfrontalia.

Eyes large, subquadrate, the facets of the lower-front part en-
larged so as to reduce the face and cheeks, the face thus at most
scarcely more than one half the width of the front at its middle, and
the cheeks about one tenth of the eye-height. The uppermost fronto-
orbital not behind the middle of the front, at most one small fronto-
orbital anterior to this. Ocellar triangle very large, glistening, reach-
ing quite to the frontal suture; frontal orbits differentiated; upper
occiput concave; postverticals minute or wanting. Two dorsocen-
trals; basal scutellars minute; acrostichals greatly reduced; two
sternopleurals, Front femora with thorn beneath and with usual
bristles; no preapicals; ungues small. Wings narrow, three times as
long as wide, the anal angle not pronounced.

The pubescence of the arista is pronounced so as to be almost
short-plumose. The body is polished, almost devoid of a pollinose
coating.

Type: Mumetopia occipitalis new species.

294 JournaL New York Entomotocicat Sotety, [Vol. XXI.

Key To THE SPECIES OF MUMETOPIA.

Front tibiz and first three joints of front tarsi black; face less than one
fourth as broad as the front at its middle. 1.2 mm. (Porto Rico.)

(Anthony 2 a2) aac Seid ie wisttin in wo Metletclore Serta ste nigrimana Coquillett.
Legs yellow, at most the last tarsal joint black; face about one half as broad
as’ the. front at: itssmiddlles <sym c rerio inte Sele oie iat tete aren teteteren 2

2. Occiput with a white-pruinose spot above the neck; sides of mesonotum
thinly white pruinose; pleure largely yellow; last tarsal joint not
black; face white; mouth-parts yellow. 1.75 mm. (Ga.,* La.,* Tex.*)

occipitalis new species.
Occiput, notum, pleure and abdomen entirely polished: black; last tarsal
joint black, contrasting with the remainder of the legs............ af

3. Clypeus, palpi and base of proboscis black; center of face dusky; third
antennal joint infuscated above. 2.5mm. (Mass.*).nitens new species.

Mouth-parts entirely yellow; face white; third antennal joint white. 2
timers WGNeeld.) ies CAmthompsas pubic ice ee neice terminalis Loew.

Mumetopia occipitalis new species.

Length 1.75 mm. Front black, next to the antenne yellowish, which be-
comes whitish pollinose and broader on the orbits; face and cheeks white;
occiput black except along the oral margin, marked with a silvery white prui-
nose spot just above the neck. Antenne yellow, the third joint mostly white
and white-hairy, infuscated only at the insertion of the long-pubescent black
arista. Mouth-parts, including the small clypeus, yellow. Width of face one
half the width of the front at its middle. A single pronounced fronto-orbital
located beyond the middle of the front, with sometimes a minute bristle imme-
diately before it. Mesonotum and abdomen shining, though very little dusted,
black, the sides of the mesonotum yellowish overlaid with white pruinosity ;
pleure yellow, but with a horizontal blackish line just below the notopleural
suture; two dorsocentrals, acrostichals almost entirely wanting. MHalteres and
legs light yellow. Wings narrow, hyaline, the veins yellow.

Seven specimens: Austin, Texas (February to November), and
Opelousas, Louisiana (March). Those from the latter place were
received from Dr. Hough determined as terminalis Loew.

Mumetopia nitens new species.

Length 2.5 mm. Shining black, the front above the antenne, facial orbits,
labella, halteres, and the legs, except the last tarsal joint, light yellow. The
narrow bucce continuing as the facialia nearly to the antenne black; the cen-
ter of the face dusky; the large clypeus and the palpi black. Antenne yellow,
the third joint dusky above; the black arista with rather long pubescence.
The width of the face at its middle somewhat more than one half the width
of the middle of the front. Near the middle of the front is a stout fronto-
orbital, and towards the level of the antenne is another, about one half the
length of the former. Two dorsocentrals and four rows of fine but distinct

Dec., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 295

acrostichals. Front femora with a pronounced thorn. Wings hyaline, veins
yellow.

Three specimens, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, July 16, 1902.

This species differs from occipitalis in the shape of the face, posi-
tion of the fronto-orbitals, structure of the mouth, as well as in color
and size. It can hardly be Loew’s terminalis.

PSEUDODINIA Coquillett.

Front below the ocelli broader than long; apices of third and fourth veins
diverging; black, the proboscis, halteres, tarsi and apices of the tibie
yellow, the thorax thinly gray pruinose. 1.5 mm. (N. Mex.)

varipes Coquillett.

Front below the ocelli square; third and fourth veins not diverging; black, the
proboscis, halteres, tarsi and apices of the tibie yellow............2.

2. Occiput, notum, first three segments of the abdomen, and the femora cine-
reous pruinose, the front femora with stout bristles. 2mm. (Tex.*)

pruinosa new species.

Head, mesonotum, scutellum and abdomen polished black, only the noto-
pleural suture pruinose; femora shining black, not bristly. 2 mm.
@idi*)es 2s. Be repersiceisesiel ay ausi i stele siete siclaycusireres sie oo 's:e nitida new species.

Pseudodinia pruinosa new species.

Male—Length 2 mm. Black, the proboscis, end of tibie and the tarsi
yellow, the halteres white. Front polished black, with a broad, shallow, trans-
verse depression above the antenne, that part of the front between the an-
tenne and the ocelli square, bearing two small reclinate fronto-orbitals; ocellar
bristles small and distant, postverticals small and decussate. Face, cheeks and
occiput cinereous-black; no vibrisse; cheeks one sixth the eye-height. Two
dorsocentrals placed well back toward the scutellum, about eight irregular
rows of minute acrostichals; entire thorax cinereous pruinose. First three
segments of the abdomen lightly cinereous pruinose, the remaining segments
polished black. Legs rather short and robust, the femora and base of tibie
cinereous, front femora bristly, middle tibie with apical spur. Calypteres
white, with rudimentary fringe. Wings hyaline, veins yellowish, the auxiliary
vein distinctly separated from the first throughout its entire course though
approaching it before the end, the first vein there bent so as to end near the
middle of the wing; costa unbroken; third vein ending near the tip of the
wing; the sections of the fourth vein proportioned one to two, of the fifth
vein three to one.

One specimen, Austin, Texas, May IT, 1900.

Pseudodinia nitida new species.
Female—Length 2 mm. Slender, shining black, the proboscis, end of the
tibie, the tarsi and the very narrow pleural sutures testaceous; halteres and

296 * JournaL NEw York Enromotogicat Socrery, [Vol. XXI.

calypteres white. Front shining, the transverse impression above the an-
tenne shallow and provided with scattered proclinate hairs, that part of the
front before the ocelli nearly square; ocellar bristles small, postverticals cru-
ciate, two reclinate fronto-orbital bristles, the anterior at the middle of the
front; ocellar triangle and orbits polished, the M-shaped mark between some-
what sericeous; face short, greatly receding, carinate only between the an-
tenne, facial grooves broad and shallow, cheeks almost bare and about one
seventh the eye-height. Mesonotum almost devoid of dust, highly polished,
the humeri and the notopleural suture lightly gray-pruinose; two dorsocentrals,
acrostichals rather sparse, fine and irregular; pleure very lightly pruinose,
one mesopleural and two sternopleural bristles, no prothoracic, no setule.
Abdomen highly polished, but the basal three segments show very sparse
pollen, the last segment short and compressed. Legs short, the femora not
robust, bristles of front femora fine, no tibial bristles, but the middle tibie
with a small apical spur. Wings narrow, hyaline, whitish at base, veins be-
coming light brown apically; the auxiliary vein almost touching the first vein
before its end, the first vein continuing straight and ending in the costa much
before the middle of the wing, the costa, however, unbroken; third vein ending
a little before the wing-tip; penultimate section of the fourth vein less than
one half as long as the ultimate section; the sections of the fifth vein propor-
tioned about three to one.

One specimen, Avon, Idaho, July 26, 1912.

TRIXOSCELIS Rondani.

Mesonotum whitish gray, with two indistinct brown vitte; costal margin of
wing between the first and second veins brown; four dorsocentrals;
legs yellow, the coxe and front legs dark brown; antenne brown. 1.5
mm. (Galapagos Isl., Ariz.) (?canescens Loew, Eur.) (Parodinia:

RUACHOC SSA.) diye ets hits aislargtsrs eileen ee costalis Coquillett.
Mesonotum cinereous; wings hyaline, the costa not bordered with brown; five
dorsocentrals), 3s fen.sies sess covaera ta Heeler ene hee eee 2.

2. Antenne entirely yellow, the third joint at most infuscated.............. 3.
Third joint of antenne black; legs yellow, the tarsi brownish. 2 mm.
(Cal) i(Parodinia pomeien. eC eee eee cinerea Coquillett..

3. Front legs, except the white coxe, black, the posterior legs yellow; pollen
of upper edge of mesopleure slightly brownish. 2.5 mm. (Eur.;
tds = \Wash..* Gales (Bo. C35) a,c. sevpaevere setenv frontalis Fallen.
At least the tibie and tarsi yellowish, or the front legs not darker than the
others; thorax uniformly cinereous pollinose............e.eeee0:- 4.
4. Legs entirely yellowish, including the coxe; face yellowish. 2.5mm. (Cal.,*
Washi*)" «(Wiens ent. Zig, XoXe@n 4 Uronms) weenie severe prima Hendel.
Coxe and femora blackish, the tibie a little infuscated; center of face
dusky. 2mm. (Cal.) (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXXIV, 100, 1908,
Siligor)) asaske sl wasn ee fae ee ee ee litorea Aldrich.

Dec., 1913] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 297

ZAGONIA Coquillett.

Entirely yellow, including the hairs and bristles, except that those of the costa,
the spurs at the end of each tarsal joint, the claws and sometimes the
palpi are black; female with the third joint of the antenne black, male
with the antenne entirely yellow. 2.8 mm, (Cal., Or., Wash.*)
(Invert. Pacif., 27, 1904. Syn.: Siligo oregona Aldrich, Trans, Am.
Efe SOC. OOO HQ OM LOO GN) crateicle(eveisvare ciele. ore! caciahe flava Coquillett.

TETHINA Haliday.

Vibrissal angle projecting; face one half as long as the front; three fronto-
orbitals; gray-black, the front anteriorly and the face yellow. 3 mm.
(Pender Island, B. C., not Idaho; Wash.) (Wien. ent. Ztg., XXX,

AWN RMT OTF) lay tetenspene tebe erslcbel cteftehcils' sf'siciay fete ale steterevars is ere, = rostrata Hendel.
Face vertical without projecting vibrissal angle; face more than one half as
OsT Sa AS CLE: OM eweneteye eave volev systole y<<eiste7oyealsiesiclie\sia Ot o's, diel evsie 6 idjerarerare’is Ze

2. Two small fronto-orbitals; the cheeks, face and anterior portion of the front

whitish yellow, the light color of the front gradually merging with

hep DLO WAIS Mee he Xie eve sara falls hokeic Cora lepeter'el aye esas (esti aNe\'e lsce ais yeveiieavja e wcbrenaltene 3%

One large fronto-orbital; front coxe pruinose and white, remainder of legs

black; center of front orange, sharply delimited from the brown ver-

tical triangle. 2.5 mm. (Ga., La.,* Cal.,* Wash.,* Alaska.) (Pelo-

myia occidentalis Williston.) (hicnoéssa.)......... coronata Loew.

3. Largely olivaceous black, including all the coxe, femora and tibie; tarsi

black apically; antenne mostly black. 2 mm. (Mass., R. I., Cal.,

Winch saulides me Allasias) mn GiciCWOESSOs) scree ccieicle aie e/clalele parvula Loew.

Cinereous; legs yellow, only the femora in part cinereous and the last tarsal
joint blackish; antenne mostly yellow. 1.5 mm. (Tex.*)

maritima new species.

Tethina maritima new species.

Female.—Length 1.5 mm. Yellowish-cinereous, bristles black. Occiput
and ocellar triangle yellow-cinereous, front yellow, face and cheeks white.
Antenne yellowish brown, a little darker above, the arista pale. Mouth-parts
yellow, the small clypeus black. One or two pairs of minute fronto-orbitals ;
ocellar bristles widely distant from each other; no postverticals. Thorax and
abdomen densely yellow-cinereous pollinose, the last abdominal segment yel-
lowish; four dorsocentrals, one presutural, one sternopleural, one mesopleural
bristle. Legs including the coxe yellow, the femora broadly diffused with the
body-color, the last tarsal joint brown. Halteres yellow. Wings faintly yel-
lowish and faintly opalescent; the penultimate section of the fourth vein two
thirds as long as the ultimate section of the fifth vein.

Three specimens, Galveston, Texas, taken during the early part of
June, 1900.

298 JournaL New York Entomotocicat Society, [Vol. XXI.

RHICNOESSA Loew,
Cheeks broad, fully two thirds as wide as the eye-height, the eyes relatively

small Vand thorizontallya ovale ecient eee eee eee 2:
Cheeks narrow, much less than one half as wide as the eye-height, the eyes
relatively darcers hairs) and bristles: plackmarcmacmereecec cients 4.

2. Hairs and bristles of entire body and of the legs white; white-cinereous ;

the cheeks, face and front whitish in ground-color and not cinereous;

the femora dusky and last tarsal joint black. 2.5 mm. (Mass., R. I,

Ne Je. exc?) aos pretence tier Stok Meer reen One rea albula Loew.

Hairs and bristles of the thorax black; cinereous black species.......... By

3. Hairs of abdomen white; front relatively broad ; mesonotal pollen somewhat

yellowish; legs yellow, the last tarsal joint and the apex of the

femora darkened; third section of the costa only a little longer than

the fourth section; penultimate section of the fourth vein a little

longer than the ultimate section of the fifth vein. 2.5 mm. (West

Ind.) (Anthomyza cinerea Williston, 1896, nec Rhicnoéssa cinerea

Loew, 1862, from Europe, Asia and Africa.)..... willistont new name.

Hairs of abdomen black; front relatively narrow; thorax and abdomen

cinereous; femora cinereous black, the tibie and last tarsal joint

dark; third section of the costa much longer than the fourth; penulti-

mate section of the fourth vein shorter than the ultimate section of

the hiths -ae7spmim's -(@Miass:*))\-% cecil eee whitmant new species.

4. Front narrow, red, with brownish orbits becoming white next to the eyes;

antenne yellow; legs yellow, the last tarsal joint brown. 2-2.5 mm.

(West ind) (Anthomyza.) soe a. oeeieeeoeee ranthopoda Williston.

Front broad, dull brownish; antenne blackish; femora and tibie black;
eyes vertically but obliquely oval. 2mm. (Wash.*)

milichioides new species.

Rhicnoéssa whitmani new species. |:

Male.—Length 1.75 mm. Cinereous black, including the occiput, vertex,
coxe and femora. Front testaceous, the orbits whitish, the sides of the front
slightly rounding to narrow the front below, the lowermost (fourth) fronto-
orbital minute, four pairs of interfrontal bristles, postverticals convergent.
Face and cheeks white, the latter two thirds as broad as the height of the
horizontally oval eyes; the distance from the mouth to the root of the antenne
about one half the length of the front and vertex; oral margin with a single
row of five black bristles, the foremost porrect but not otherwise differen-
tiated as a vibrissa. Antenne small, reddish, the outer joint a little dusky a*
its end, the short arista black. Proboscis dark at the base, the labella yellow;
palpi yellow. Thoracic bristles rather strong, four dorsocentrals, acrostichals
in four rows, lateral setule strong; one sternopleural, one superior meso-
pleural, a vertical row of four bristles along the posterior edge of the meso-
pleure. Abdomen cinereous, not at all reddish, the hind margin of the posterior
segments narrowly whitish, its bristles black; hypopygium small, concolorous.
Coxe and femora cinereous black, the tibie blackish, the tarsi except the apical

Dec., 1913.] MELANDER: SYNOPSIS OF DIPTERA. 299

joints yellow. Halteres and calypteres whitish. Wings slender, hyaline, the
veins rather dark; fourth section of the costa two thirds as long as the third
section; penultimate section of the fourth vein three fourths as long as the
ultimate section of the fifth, and twice as long as the posterior cross-vein;
basal cells distinct, anal vein represented only by a fold.

One specimen, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, July, 1902.

I name this species in memory of Professor Charles Otis Whit-
man, whose name will ever be associated with the locality where the
type was found.

Rhicnoéssa milichioides new species.

Male—Length 2 mm. Black, densely covered with cinereous pollen;
cheeks, face, except the epistome, and front testaceous. Antenne piceous; the
arista scarcely longer than the third joint. Proboscis long, slender, chitinized,
geniculate, dark in color, the yellow slender labella as long as the middle sec-
tion of the clyeus; palpi yellow, linear. Front as broad as either eye, its
orbits rounding so that at the antenne the eyes are one third closer together
than they are at the level of the front ocellus; two rows of small frontal bris-
tles, the inner row with six bristles, directed inward, the outer row with four
reclinate bristles directed rather outward; the center of the front with four
pairs of cruciate bristles between which there is a shallow depression; ocellar
bristles proclinate, diverging and midway between the ocelli; postverticals
convergent. Face deeply excavated, short, the distance from the mouth to the
root of the antenne about one third the length of the front and vertex; epis-
tome projecting almost tuberculate below the antenne; cheeks one third the
eye-height, anteriorly projecting, with a single row of marginal bristles and
with a single porrect vibrissa. Bristles and setule black; four dorsocentrals,
acrostichal and other setule strong, one sternopleural, two posterior and one
superior mesopleurals, two prothoracic, pleure loosely setulose. Six abdominal
segments cinereous pruinose, the seventh segment more or less polished black
and rounded. Coxe, femora and tibie concolorous with the body, the tarsi,
except the last joint, yellowish; bristles of front femora rather strong; middle
tibie with strong terminal spur; pulvilli large, white. Halteres whitish. Wings
nearly hyaline, with yellowish tinge; the penultimate section of the fourth
vein slightly longer than the ultimate section of the fifth; costa not at all
weakened at the humeral cross-vein, but broken just before the end of the first
vein; basal cells distinct, anal vein entirely wanting.

Three specimens, taken on the sea beach at Alki Point, Seattle,
Washington, August 2, 1908.

While this species is clearly a Rhicnoéssa, it bears a strong resem-
blance in the shape of its head to certain Milichiine genera. The nar-
nowed front with central depression, the numerous fronto-orbitals,
the short, carinate face, the lengthened proboscis and the nearly hori-

300 Journat New York Enromotocicat Sovrety, [Vol. XXI.

zontal and projecting oral margin remind one of the description of
Platophrymyia. In that genus, however, the disc of the mesonotum
is not bristly.

APHANIOSOMA Becker.

A minute yellow species from the Bahamas was sent me by C. W.
Johnson, with the label Cacorenus. As the specimen is defective,
lacking the wings, it can not be fully determined, but it is apparently
very closely related to the type-species, approximatum, from Egypt,
which was described by Becker in the conclusion of the Aegyptische
Dipteren, page 187 (1903).

CHIROMYIA Desvoidy.

Entirely yellow, including the antenne, legs, halteres, hairs and bristles, and
the veins of the wings, only the small ocellar triangle black; eyes
circular; about six irregular rows of dorsocentrals; scutellum with a
few setule in addition to the regular bristles; mesopleure setulose.
2—3 nm. (Eur ,Atrcs; Ne Y., Mass Neo. Ne Hee Galles steale
Washi). (CSespbiellas)s 5. mcteme cate cece oeieteieortereree flava Linnzus,

Same in color, but the ocellar triangle brown; eyes horizontally oval; about
four rows of acrostichals; scutellum and mesopleure not setulose.
Tob) cue (GRE se sWashe- ci Caleu) ie oeetee eter merrier minima Becker.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.
Fig. 1. Wing of Leucopis griseola Fallen, Ochthiphiline. Costa unbroken,
auxiliary vein largely separate from the first vein.

Fig. 2. Wing of Meoneura vagans Fallen, Milichiine. Costa broken be-
yond humeral cross-vein and before the end of the first vein. Auxiliary vein
and anal vein rudimentary.

Fig. 3. Wing of Trixoscelis frontalis Fallen, Geomyzine. Costa inter-
rupted at first vein only.

Fig. 4. Head of Ochthiphila polystigma Meigen, Ochthiphiline.

Fig. 5. Head of Pholeomyia indecora Loew, Milichiine.

Fig. 6. Head of Madiza halteralis Coquillett, Milichiine. Lower occiput
extending obliquely forward, the bucca small and comprising the vibrissal angle.

Fig. 7. Head of Cerodonta femoralis Meigen, Agromyzine. Gena nar-
rower than bucca.

Fig. 8. Head of Diastata eluta Loew, Geomyzine. Bucca narrower than
gena.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Wall 3 XO IP, WIE.

North American Diptera.

—

~~

SOME ACALYPTRATE MUSCID.

By A. L. MELANDER.

[Reprinted from PSYCHE, Vol. XX, No. 5]

166 Psyche [October

SOME ACALYPTRATE MUSCIDZ!
By A. L. MELANDER

By an interesting coincidence Mr. J. R. Malloch, then of the
United States National Museum, and I made an independent
study of the small flies grouped about the Agromyzide. Mr.
Malloch’s paper on the genus Agromyza is to appear in the Sep-
tember issue of the Annals of the Entomological Society of America,
while his discussion of the other genera is to come out in the
Proceedings of the National Museum. The first installment of
my paper was printed in the September issue of the Journal of
the New York Entomological Society, which was received at
the Bussey Institution, through the mails, on September 8. The
remainder of this article, dealing with the Geomyzine is to appear
in the December issue of that publication.

The following notes were made on a recent visit to the National
Museum and to the Philadelphia Academy of Science, and are

1Contributions from the Entomological Laboratory of the Bussey Institution, Harvard
University, No. 73.

1613] Melander—Some Acalyptrate Muscile 167

given as a supplement to my paper. While in Philadelphia I
saw the proof sheets of Mr. Malloch’s work, and while in Wash-
ington I examined his types.

1. Scutops Coquillett is not a Geomyzine. The post-vertical
bristles are strongly divergent; the costa is nowhere fractured;
the palpi are broadly spatulate; the first vein ends at the middle of
the wing and the auxiliary vein, although rudimentary, is sepa-
rated from the first vein, abruptly turning forward so as to termi-
nate near the middle of the costal cell. In addition, the lack of
oral vibrissxe, the presence of the clypeus, the single pair of recli-
nate fronto-orbital bristles, the stiff bristles of the front femora,
the absence of preapical tibial bristles; and the shortened anal
vein, support its relationships with the Lonchxine. The center
of the face is broad and flat, obliterating the facial orbits below
the antenne. The face continues on the sides so as to line the
mouth-opening; the cheeks thus consisting of the face, genz
and bucce.

2. Pseudiastata Coquillett belongs with the Drosophilinz. It
possesses the following characters which are at variance with
typical Geomyzinz. The costa is fractured both at the humeral
crossvein and at the end of the auxiliary vein, where there is a
pronounced costal spine; the discal cell is confluent with the
second basal; the single frontal bristle is proclinate; there are
no mesopleural bristles; and the antennze are spaced apart.

Mr. Coquillett was apt to over-stress some certain character,
such as the vestiture of the arista, and as he relied much on his
analytical keys, the microscopic pubescence of the arista of Pseu-
diastata led the genus to the Geomyzine. A similar instance
occurred with Sinophthalmus, which presents more Drosophiline
characters than it does Geomyzine. Pseudiastata has the anal
cell present; the calypteres ciliate; the post-vertical bristles
convergent; the oral vibrissee present; the clypeus visible and
moderately developed; the cheeks consisting of the gene, bucce
and the sides of the face; the center of the face broad and flat;
the front pubescent; and the propleural bristle lacking.

3. Spilochroa punctipennis, sp. nov.

Male. Length 2.5mm. Cinereous, black; body not spotted. Cheeks, face
and frontal orbits white-pollinose. Antenne brown, the third joint blackish,

168 Psyche [October

except near the arista; arista with very short and close pubescence. Proboscis
blackish, palpi whitish. Chztotaxy as in ornata, the bristles long and strong:
two fronto-orbitals; ocellars almost reaching the root of the antennz; postverticals
moderately long and cruciate; oral margin of the narrow cheeks with a row of
five hairs, with a strong vibrissa and with a strong bristle in back; five dorso-
centrals, four rows of acrostichals with about a dozen setulze in each; one humeral;
two notopleural; three supra-alar; four scutellar; one mesopleural and two
sternopleural, as well as a few mesopleural and sternopleural setule. Abdomen
setulose as in ornata, and with an indication of a brownish median stripe. Hal-
teres and calypteres white, the latter with a weak white fringe. Posterior legs
yellowish, front cox dull whitish, remainder of the front legs blackish. Wings
mostly hyaline, but marked with about two dozen pale brown spots, the largest
of which occur at the end of the first vein, in the tip of the marginal cell and-on
the posterior. cross-vein. The spots are aggregated in the same general pattern
as in ornata, but are not nearly so confluent as in that species.

The type, collected by Professor T. D. A. Cockerell at Pecos,
New Mexico, July 26, is in the National Museum. Two para-
types were taken by H. S. Barber at Las Vegas Hot Springs,
New Mexico, August 11 and 18.

4. Trixoscelis fumipennis, sp. nov.

Male. Length 2.6mm. Very close to the European 7. marginella Fallen, but
differs in that the paler portion of the first and second posterior cells is not oval
in outline.

Head and thorax, largely brownish-gray pollinose; front except the orbits and
the rounded ocellar triangle testaceous; orbits at the antennz reddish; face and
cheeks white-sericeous; cheeks two-thirds the eye-height; antennze reddish, the
third joint largely dusky above; arista black, its pubescence microscopic; palpi
yellow, proboscis reddish. Ocellar bristles reaching to the base of the antenne.
Thorax with a median brown stripe and with less evident brown vitte bearing
the dorso-central bristles; humeri and pleurz reddish, becoming paler below;
center of the scutellum a trifle darker than the sides: abdomen shining black.
Coxe, front tibize and posterior legs testaceous; front femora and tarsi blackish.
Halteres and calypteres white. Wings largely darkly infumated, but the base,
including the auxiliary cell, a narrow streak in the submarginal cell above the
anterior cross-vein, the anterior portion of the discal cell, a middle stripe in the
first posterior cell extending to the wing-t'p, the greater part of the second posterior
cell, and the anal angle, nearly hyaline; costal spines black; anterior cross-vein
slightly beyond the middle of the discal cell; sections of the fourth vein propor-
tioned three to four, of the fifth vein six to one; posterior cross-vein slightly longer
than the outer section of the fifth vein.

Five specimens: Aweme, Manitoba, N. Criddle, collector, June
12,1911. The type is in the collection of the Philadelphia Acad-
emy of Science, number 6018. Paratypes are in the collections

of Mr. Criddle and myself.

1913] Melander—Some Acalyptrate Muscide 169

Malloch! has described the Arizona specimens of costalis Coquil-
lett as claripennis. This is the species I have designated as
frontalis Fallen, which is common throughout the Pacific states.
Hendel’s Trizoscelis prima is the same as Parodinia cinerea Coquil-
lett.

5. Hemeromyia was described by Coquillett as near Agromyza.
It proves to be the same as the Milichiine genus I described as
Paramadiza. Malloch’s species Hemeromyia nitens is the same
as my washingtona. Curiously enough the name Paramadiza
was selected also by Malloch, as a new generic name for Madiza
halteralis Coquillett. As the name Madiza is now used for the
Chloropine genus Siphonella Macquart, the species halteralis is
without a generic name. (See Malloch, Canad. Entom., xlv., p.
177. June, 1913.) I would therefore suggest the appropriate
name Mallochiella for this insect and for its European congeners.
The identity of the Paramadizas may now thus be tabulated.

MALLOCHIELLA nomen novum.
halteralis Coquillett
Desmometopa (Coquillett)
Madiza (Hendel, Melander)
Paramadiza Malloch
HeMEROmYIA Coquillett.
obscura Coquillett
washingtona Melander
Paramadiza Melander
Syn: Hemeromyia nitens Malloch

Fig. 1. Mutiloptera apicalis Coq., wing.

6. Mutiloptera apicalis Coquillett. This is a curious fly, whose
body characters are evidently Geomyzine. The entire posterior
portion of the wing is aborted as shown in the sketch.

September 19, 1913.

1The Genus Parodinia Coq. (Geomyzide). Malloch, J. R. Ent. New, xxiv. 274-276 (June,
1918).

[Reprinted from Wisconsin Natural History Society’s Bulletins Nos. 1 and 2—Vol. I1V—(New Series)
Apmil, 1906.]

THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF SOME INSECT SECRETIONS.

BY A. L. MELANDER AND C. T. BRUES.

In this paper we have attempted to give in addition to some
original observations, a brief resumé of what is definitely known
regarding the general chemistry of the odors of insects and
myriapods.

Most of the odorous secretions of insects are the products of
highly specialized glands which derive from the blood the founda-
tion for their work. An exception to this, however, is seen in the
fat occurring associated with the chitinous skeleton of insects.
Of the glandular secretions one may define two categories: those
used by the insect directly in its own metabolism, and those of
more indirect use as an odorous character and developed to suit
peculiar conditions of environment or habits. As the first group
includes products found elsewhere throughout the animal
kingdom, e. g., the salivary, digestive, and excretory fluids, all
secreted by portions of the alimentary tract, we shall pass them
by to consider those substances more or less peculiar to insects
themselves. These products are of two kinds: defensive, malo-
dorous, highly volatile liquids developed principally to repel
predaceous enemies; and alluring, sweet-scented or sweet-tasting
fluids used to attract the two sexes of a species or the individuals
of a community, or even to insure protection by other species as
is the case with many myrmecophilous insects.

We are not aware that anyone has ever attempted to classify
insect odors, but Kerner and Oliver (’95) p. 199, have divided the
odors of flowers into the following groups: indoloid, aminoid,
paraffinoid, benzoloid and terpenoid. As other scents seem to be
developed in insects and some to be lacking, this classification is
not wholly suited to our purpose. Accordingly, we have used the
following outline in the absence of a more satisfactory one. It
includes six rather heterogeneous groups: Ethereal and Ben-
zoloid, Indoloid, Isonitrile, Vegetable extracts, Acid, Alkaline.

ETHEREAI, AND BENZOLOID.

The European bugs of the genus Pyrrhocoris secrete a sweet
smelling and pleasant tasting etheral liquid, according to Maver
(74). The Texan ant, Camponotus maculatus sansabeanus, has
a marked scent resembling a combination of butyric and valer

22

APRIL, 1906. THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF SOME INSECT SECRETIONS. 23

ianic ethers. This we have treated more fully in the sequel, like-
wise the odor of Forelius fatidus. The odor of the latter, as
well as that of many members of the ant subfamily Dolichoder-
inz, is very similar to that of rancid cocoanuts. The Harlequin
bug has an odor resembling essence of Gaultheria or wintergreen.
Many Coreide, notably the Squash-bug (Anasa tristis) possess
a very characteristic odor closely resembling that of isoamylacetic
ether, while the whole family Pentatomide have a weaker dis-
agreeable and probably nearly related ethereal smell. Other bugs
possess rather agreeable odors. The giant waterbug (Belostoma)
gives rise to a pear or banna-like smell according to Locy. Syro-
mastes also resembles a fine bergamot pear (Siebold, ’48).

The water bettles belonging to the genus Dineutes possess
the characteristic odor of apple skins, while certain Cicindelidz
are suggestive of hyacinths. The following Lepidoptera have also
been described by Packard as being pleasantly odorous (’98):
Pontia napi yields a scent like citrons, Callidryas gives the odor
of musk, and Dircenna is suggestive of vanilla. Many Ceramby-
cide are strongly odorous, for example the European Aromia
moschata has a powerful smell of musk, while the closely related
American Callichroma plicatum has a strong honey-like smell, as
we have often observed, a fact first mentioned by Wheeler (’g0a).
The characteristic odor of the Scarabzeid beetle Osmoderma is
evidently of similar composition.

The osmateria of some Papilio larvae secrete an etheral
melon-like fluid, although this scent is usually concealed by
stronger disagreeable ones. The leaf beetle, Lina populi, produces
a secretion with an odor of oil of bitter almonds (dinitrobenzene )
(Claus, 61). Candéze has suggested the presence of free hydro-
cyanic acid in this secretion. The large fly, Cenomyia ferru-
ginea, has a very permanent and strong odor which has been com-
pared by Wheeler (’90a) to the juice of a species of Hypericum.

INDOLOID.

Under this grouping we find a number of insects with a fecal
odor, varying greatly in intensity and modification. Of the half
a dozen species belonging to the Neuropterous genus Chrysopa
with which we are familiar in nature, all possess the odor of
human excrement to an excessive degree. A similar odor occurs
in the neotropical group of the foraging or driver ants, Eciton.
We have treated in detail with the secretions of the Texan species
in the second part of this paper.

i il 0 hn ei

24 BULLETIN OF WISCONSIN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. VOL. 4, Nos. 1-2.

ISONITRILES.

Both sexes of the large T'arantula-hawk (Pepsis spp.) produce
a distinct isonitrile odor when first captured. This is quite
noticeable, although often modified by the scent of the honey that
they have eaten.

The nasutes of an African species of Ptyotermes eject a
pungent stream from the head, the nature of which is thus treated
by Cook (’90): “The fluid is clear and watery and does not stain
the hands. A smarting sensation in the eyes and nose is also
distinctly appreciable. The odor is even more disagreeably
pungent and penetrating than that of Spirotreptus [a myriapod
mentioned below] and has an almost nauseating quality which
pervades the nests and galleries of the species and can readily be
detected in houses attacked by this termite [isonitriles]. Like the
secretion of Polyzonium [another myriapod referred to below] the
liquid becomes sticky on exposure to the air, and the insect
enemies upon which it is squirted have their antennze stuck to
their bodies and are otherwise disabled.”

VEGETABLE EXTRACTS, ETC.

Large numbers of phytophagous insects acquire odors or tastes
derived from their food plants, but these hardly come in line with
the present discussion.

Many of the Darkling beetles, and especially those belonging
to the genus Eleodes secrete from anal glands a fluid of an in-
tensely disagreeable odor, which some of the species can forcibly
eject for a distance of ten centimeters or more. The liquid stains
the skin brown, besides having a very penetrating odor and thus
resembles the secretion of Spirobolus (see special part). Accord-
ing to Williston (’84) it is soluble in water, alcohol and ether, has
an acid reaction, and can be esterified to an agreeably smelling
ether by means of alcohol and sulphuric acid. He suggests from
this the presence of organic acids other than formic or acetic,
which latter he could not detect. Our commonest species, when
extracted with ether furnishes an extremely malodorous com-
pound, suggesting extract of Taraxricum or opium.

The exuded blood of many Coccinellide has an opium-like
odor (Packard '98). The species of the ant genus Cremastogas-
ter, squirt from their anus a white liquid which recalls the juice
characteristic of the shelf-fungi. This odor is much more intense
in another ant, Pachycondla (v. special portion).

APRIL, 1906. THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF SOME INSECT SECRETIONS. 25

The myriapod ‘“‘Petaserpes rosalbus secretes a considerable
quantity of a milky substance which has the perfume of gum
camphor.” (Cope ’70) (see also Banks, Science, ‘00, p. 649)
Cook (‘90) noted camphor also in Polyzonium, a closely related
form. These seem to be the only recorded occurrences of cam-
phor in the animal kingdom, but in the absence of chemical evi-
dence must of course remain doubtful. The occurrence of canthar-
idine in members of the Meloidz may be mentioned in this connec-
tion.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Finally, the assertion that free iodine in present is the gaseous

secretion of the Paussid Beetle, Cerapterus quadrimaculatus must:

be noticed. (Loman ’87). The close similarity between the purely
organic secretion of the Spirobolus described in the sequel and
the physical characteristics of free iodine in solution cause us to
doubt Loman’s observation.

ACID.

A small leaf beetle (Notodonta) is stated to secrete hydro-
chloric acid. (Denham ’88). Another leaf beetle, (Lina) suppos-
edly secretes Hydrocaynic acid according to Candéze (’74). It
has long been known that ants produce formic acid in great quan-
tity. while this acid is probably present in the poison of all wasps
(Forel ’78). The relative amount in various species of ants will
be tabulated in the special part of this paper. Butyric acid as well
as formic occurs in nearly all the Carabidz associated with other
substances. The whip scorpion (Thelyphonus) secretes acetic
acid (Marx. ’86) in such quantity that a stream is ejected from
each side of the body which fact has earned its Mexican name of
“vihagron”. According to Claus (’87) the myriapod Fontaria
secretes a fluid which contains free hydrocyanic acid. Cope (’70)
and Wheeler (’go) have both demonstrated that the allied Poly-
desmus virginiensis secretes free hydrocyanic acid.

ALKALINE.

The only recorded case of a strong alkali being found in the
animal kingdom is in Dicranura, and some other moths, which
produce potassium hydroxide at the last moult in order to soften
the silk of the cocoon (Latter ‘92 and ’95). Strangely enough the
larva of this same insect produces formic acid in quantity (Mel-
dola ’92).

26 BULLETIN OF WISCONSIN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. VOL. 4, NOS. 1-2

The carrion beetles of the family Silphidz emit from the mouth
and anus a fetid liquid with an ammoniacal odor ( Packard ’98 p.
375) as we have frequently noticed. This is probably derived
from the decomposition of its food and is not a glandular product
at all.

SPECIAL, PART.
Experiments with Myriapods.

For many years the repugnatorial secretion of the Julidz has
been referred to by various writers, although even yet nothing
definite is known of its chemical composition. As long ago as
1870 Prof. E. D. Cope (’70) remarked that “the species of Spiro-
bolus and Julus discharge a yellowish juice having much the smell
of aqua regia and a very acrid taste. The Spirostrephon lactarius
exudes from a series of lateral pores a fluid which has in its odor
a close resemblance to creasote.” Wheeler (’90) has “frequently
seen our common Julus,* when irritated, emit from its repugna-
tory glands a brown liquid with a pungent odor not unlike bro-
mine.” More recently Cook (’00) has treated in greater detail the
question of this secretion.

We quote the following from his observations: “When the
liquid comes in contact with the skin a yellowish green stain
results, which gradually deepens to a dull purple. * * * The
alcohol in which these large diplopods are collected takes on
similar colors, yellowish green at first, changing to a very deep
purplish red, and has a characteristic disagreeable odor different
from that of the living animal, but still in some respects suggest-
ing it. This odor Loew considered similar to that of pyridine.
* %* * Direct exposure to the light and heat of the sun is also
speedily fatal to many diplopoda, the heavily armored Spiroboli
are often quite dead after ten or fifteen minutes’ exposure. That
this susceptibility may prove to be the result of some chemical
change or dissociation of the stored repugnatorial fluid is appar-
ently indicated by the fact that animals killed by exposure to the
sun do not stain the alcohol as described above, the repugnatorial
fluid having oozed out and having been evaporated from the sur-
face of the segments. This suggests a further possibility that
the material elaborated in the repugnatorial glands may not attain
its final and effective composition until directly or indirectly acted
upon by the air.”

* Probably identical with the species of Spirobolus here considered.

APRIL, 1906. THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF SOME INSECT SECRETIONS. 27

Our experiments were carried on with about a hundred large
specimens of Spirobolus marginatus Say. Although largely nega-
tive we deem our results of interest, as they seem to be somewhat
at variance with the conclusions arrived at by Dr. Cook.

The animals were forced to secrete by roughly shaking them in
tepid water. By this means the Spirobolus were not injured and
could be reserved for a future experiment. After some ten
extractions they were unable to elaborate any further secretion,
although they were carefully fed in the meantime. The water thus
acquired a strong pungent odor and a dull yellowish color, as the
secretion is very readily soluble in water. On heating for a
moment to about 80 or go degrees the yellow completely changes
to brown and the odor is greatly modified, losing its pungency.
The addition of a small amount of alcohol effects a similar change,
and even on exposure to the air for a few hours the water-solution
undergoes the same color-changes. If the solution be shaken
with ether, chloroform, benzene,. or carbon disulphide while it is
still in the yellow stage, the secretion readily passes into the added
solvent, tinging it intense yellow, and leaving the water colorless.
The extraction by ether may even be hastened by the addition of
some salt.

It readily diffuses into the lower alcohols, while less rapidly
into the higher, e. g., amyl alcohol acquires the same tint as the
water-layer above only after twenty-four hours, and never absorbs
more of the secretion than the water does. After decomposition
has takn place (7. e., when the liquid is in the brown stage), a
separation of the secretion cannot be effected by any of the named
solvents.

When an ether extraction is carefully evaporated, the secre-
tion can be obtained in its original concentration. It is then
extremely volatile and pungent, irritating the eyes causing
them to lachrymate, much like bromine; it has an atrociously
acrid taste; stains paper, cloth, and the skin a deep yellow, which
passes to a permanent brown; it is neither acid nor alkaline to
indicators; it gives no reaction with PtCl,, FeCl,, nor concen-
trated HNO,. When saponified with KOH the color changes ic
the greenish red noticed in the decomposed aqueous extract, while
the odor disappears. The original odor can be brought back by
the addition of HCl, although faintly at times. When dried in a
sulphuric acid desiccator on a watch glass the secretion is
absorbed by the acid, thus suggesting in connection with its
peculiar odor, a nitrile; but so far all tests for nitrogen and sul-
phur have proved negative. If the secretion be placed in a nearly

28 BULLETIN OF WISCONSIN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. VOL. 4, NOS. 1-2.

closed pipette and kept for an extended time at an exhaustion
of about 300 mm., a number of small metallic, bluish-purple,
spurred and acidulated scales and needles appear in the upper
bulb.of the tube. These lamelle appear pink by transmitted light.
Although by their luster and volatile character they suggest iodine,
they give no test for this element, and are probably a polymerisa-
tion product, as they increase'in number with time, even when
kept at the ordinary pressure.

Unfortunately, although our Spirobolus were very active at
first—on one occasion a large specimen ejected a decided stream
a distance of ten inches—they soon showed signs of weakening,
and after about ten extraction, which gradually diminished in
amount during the four months of experiment, their glands re-
fused to reproduce their secretion, although the animals seemed
otherwise in good condition, and we were forced to discontinue
the interesting study.

Although Loew suggested pyridine it was with the under-
standing that this odor might have come from the German alcohol
used as the preservative. This must obviously be its source, as
Spirobolus has quite a different odor. The facts brought forth by
Dr. Cook as to the action of the air we have duplicated during
our tests, and these can all be explained upon the idea of saponi-
fication. It is not the final composition that is effective as the
repelling agent, as he has suggested, but the condition that
obtains just before decomposition. ‘The unstable nature of the
secretion gives it great reducing power, as can be shown with
alkalinated silver iodide. Its staining effects recall the secretions
of Brachynus, Platynus, and their related forms among the
beetles, which insects Julus greatly resembles in smell, but in addi-
tion to the staining principle these Carabidz produce formic and
butyric acids, so the secretions cannot be identical.

Experiments with Ants.

A. The relative Amount of Formic Acid present in different
Species.

It has long been known that certain species of ants, e. ¥.,
Formica and Lasius, secrete a considerable amount of free formic
acid. ‘This is stored up in the sac which contains the acid part
of the stinging fluid in those species of Ants which have well-
developed stings, while in those devoid of stings it is retained in
a special sac in the posterior part of the abdomen. The following
experiments were conducted with a view towards determining

APRIL, 1906. THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF SOME INSECT SECRETIONS. 29

what amount of formic acid is present in different forms, and if
the amount is constant for each species.

The ant selected for preliminary experiments was Formica
fusca, var. gnava Buck., as it was evident from its strongly acid
odor that formic acid was here present.

A counted number of the ants were collected in weak ethyl
alcohol, and then subjected to distillation in a small flask with
steam. After the distillate had ceased to show an acid reaction,
a few cubic centimeters of dilute sulphuric acid were added to
the flask and the distillation continued, in order to ascertain if
any of the formic acid in the ants had combined with any small
particles of calcareous earth that might have been present adher-
ing to their bodies or in the alimentary tract. After removing any
trace of sulphuric acid from the second distillate by means of
barium chloride, it was tested for formic acid by the method
given below, but not even an acid reaction could be obtained.

The first distillate was then titrated with semi-normal potas-
sium hydroxide and its acidity noted. The solution of potassium
formate thus obtained was then heated for several hours at 100 C.
on a water bath with an excess of mercuric chloride solution and
the amount of reduced calomel weighed. This method with
mercuric chloride was found, however, to be very unsatisfactory,
as it gave widely divergent results with distillates whose titration
determinations were very nearly equal. The poor results thus
obtained were probably due to the presence of organic matter
other than formic acid. and perhaps in some cases to an incom-
plete reaction of the alkaline formate. But as no other acid, e. g.,
acetic, butyric, hydrochloric, etc., could be detected, titration with
semi-normal potassium hydroxide was selected as the most
reliable method.

The following table, compiled from a large series of deter-
minations, shows the amount of formic acid in a number of species
of Formicidz. As the agreement is in most cases so close, only
a few determinations are given for each species, besides several
widely divergent ones that seem worthy of notice.

30 BULLETIN OF WISCONSIN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. VOL. 4, NOS. 1-2.

TABLE I.

Weight in Grams of Formic Acid Present in Ants of Different Species.

oS Titration. Titration. Titration.

Formica fusca.
var.gnava Bkly.
worker. .0004960 . 0006342 * 0001854 7 .0003986
female. . 0003285
Camponotus
maculatus,
var sansabeanus

Bkly.
worker major. 0005443 .002150 . 002230
worker minor. .000448
Camponotus
fumidus Roger.
worker major. .0008401 001725 .001533 .001744
worker minor. .000414 -000418 | *.000158 7.000368
Componotus
americanus,

Mayr.| .00009766 . 0002668 . 0002390
Cremastogaster
lineolata,
var.clara Mayr.| trace trace
Pachycondyla
harpax. .000208
Forelius
foetidus. Bkly. | none none
Atta
fervens, Say. none
Pheidole
several spp. none
Pogonomyrmex
barbatus. Sm. none
Eciton
spp. none

* These ants were kept for a considerable time in a cloth bag
in the laboratory.

§ Collected in very dry weather.

APRIL, 1906. THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF SOME INSECT SECRETIONS. 31

As these data are wholly independent of the size of the ants
they give a poor idea of the relation between the amount of acid
and the weight of the ant. This is obviated in the following table,
which is derived from the one given above by dividing the actual
amount per ant by the weight of the ant itself in grams.

TABLE II.

Table Showing Relative Amount of Formic Acid Per Weight of Ant in
Various Species.

Formica fusca

worker .005 .1268

female .0380 .0109
Camponotus

sansabeanus

worker major 041 .0534

worker minor .009 0506
Camponotus

fumidus 5

worker major .020 .0814

worker minor .005 . 0832
Camponotus

americanus .005 .0478
Pachycondyla

harpax SOUS Maes .0160

It is seen that Formica heads the list, containing more
than twice as much acid relative to its size as the species of
Camponotus examined and which follow it in the list. We believe,
however, that when Myrmecocystus is tested in a similar way, it
will show a still greater amount, as its acid odor is much more
intense.

32 BULLETIN OF WISCONSIN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. VOL. 4, NOS. 1-2.

It should be noticed here that the females and males never
gave any test for acid, except in a single form (female of
Formica); also that as a rule only the species of genera which
are not provided with stings showed any considerable amount of
acid other than that which could be attributed to acid in the
alimentary tract or in the small acid sting gland. Cremastogaster
may prove to be an exception, but in this case most likely some
other acid is present. Forelius is a stingless ant and we should
expect to find it provided with acid, but it is neutral, probably
because of the substitution of a peculiar ethereal secretion to take
the place of the acid (see below). Pachycondyla, one of the
Ponerine, although provided with a powerful sting, shows the
presence of a considerable amount of acid. The males of no
species secrete any acid, and as a general rule the females scarcely
ever more than a trace.

THE DISTINCTIVE ODORS OF SOME SPECIES.

No one who has ever collected ants extensively can have failed
to notice the very strong and distinctive odors possessed by many
species. Other species also, which are not particularly odorous,
yield peculiar scents when carefully examined.

Tre ei ONe

All the species of this genus of ants which we have examined
(viz: E. cecum, E. schmitti, E. sumicrasti, E. opacithorax, fF.
californicum, E. pilsowm) possess a strikingly similar and very
disagreeable odor. This odor, or one barely distinguishable from
it, is secreted in even a more marked degree by species of the
Neuropterous genus Chrysopa. In the latter insect it was long
ago described by Say (’59) as closely resembling human feces.

The specimens of Eciton examined were subjected to distiila-
tion with steam and the first few cubic centimeters of the distil-
late collected. In this was found almost all the volatile odorous
substance. When isolated in this manner the fecal or indoloid
odor is even more pronounced than when the worker ants are
crushed between the fingers. As the odor strongly suggested
indol or some of its numerous disagreeably smelling derivatives,
tests were made for indol by crushing some of the ants on a piece
of plantinum foil with concentrated nitric acid, then evaporating
to a yellow residue which turned to a yellow-brown upon the addi-
tion of a small quantity of potassium hydroxide solution. The

2

APRIL, 1906. THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF SOME INSECT SECRETIONS. 33

color seems to be produced not by indol, however, but rather by
the burnt chitin or animal fat, as other insects which did not have
an indoloid-odor gave the same result. The very delicate and
characteristic test with strong hydrochloric acid and a pine
splinter was also tried, but with negative results, as no red or
purple color was developed. As it is not an indol and yet has a
fecal odor it would seem that it must contain a leucin. Its solu-
bility also indicates the presence of this substance since it is
readily extracted from the ants by water or ether, but not at all
by absolute alcohol. When an ethereal extraction of the ants is
rapidly evaporated under reduced pressure a few pearly fat
globules are obtained, which are in part soluble in water, while the
addition of alcohol causes a globule to separate for a few moments
(leucin and fat?), later to disappear. After evaporation of the
alcohol from this and freezing the residue, some crystals very
much resembling leucin could be observed under the microscope,
although contaminated greatly and rendered somewhat obscure
by the large amount of fat present in the mixture. These crystals
were very distinct when the flask was cold, but as it became
warmed up to the room temperature they melted or dissolved
in thesia.

The original ether extraction is neither acid nor alkaline to
indicators, and on saponification with potassium hydroxide gives
no odor of amonia, but a smell resembling cenanthol, which most
probably arises from the fat and not from the odorous principle.
Thus although there is no positive evidence that the substance
present in Eciton is actually leucin, nothing seems to oppose such
a conclusion.

That the Eciton odor has considerable biological significance
is very probable. These ants are totally blind, and migratory in
their habits, so that they must depend almost entirely upon a
sense of smell to follow one another about. Thus it can easily
be seen how much a strong odor might be developed through the
action of natural selection, from the small trace of leucin that is
usually present in insect feces. (Concerning the normal pres-
ence of leucin in the alimentary tract of insects see Plateau (’73).)

II. FORELIUS FG:TIDUS.

The Texan species of this monotypical genus, like the species
of Tapinoma and a few other closely related ants, has a very
strong and peculiar odor which has been very aptly described by
Buckley (’66), and later by Forel, as closely resembling “rotten
cocoanuts.”’

sala salle a

stron teal cael i Soa

34 BULLETIN OF WISCONSIN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. VOL. 4, NOS. 1-2.

These ants are very small and cannot be conveniently picked
up by the forceps, but may be collected in almost any number by
placing pieces of filter paper soaked in sugar solution near the
nests. They collect on the paper to feed upon the sugar and may
be easily shaken into a bottle.

When distilled with steam the odor passes over and remains
dissolved in the aqueous distillate. Thus freed it retains the very
evident odor of rancid cocoanuts. By saponification with potas-
sium hydroxide solution it loses all odor, but on adding dilute
sulphuric acid to excess an odor closely resembling that of fresh
cocoanuts is developed. From this it is quite evident that the
odorous principle is an ether of some sort. Attempts to identify
the free acid were not successful; its odor is too pleasant to
associate with any of the lower straight chain fatty acids, but may
possibly be due to a forked chain one, or to a higher fatty acid.
Tt does not seem likely that it is an aromatic acid.

Ill. CAMPONOTUS MACULATUS, VAR SANSABEANUS.

All the ‘castes of this ant, and more especially the males,
possess a strong, sweet pelargonic smell which very closely re-
sembles a bouquet of valerianic and butyric ethers. The odor is
at first concealed by the stronger smell of formic acid, but is very -
pronounced when an aqueous distillate from the ants has been
neutralized with an alkali. This physiological peculiarity readily
setves to separate it from Camponotus fumidus, an allied form
which often greatly resembles it in the worker major caste, for
the latter species is wholly devoid of the geranium-like odor.*

IV. FORMICA FUSCA VAR. GNAVA.

This ant, too, has its own distinctive odor, which can be readily
recognized after the aqueous distillate has been neutralized with
an alkali. ‘The odor is exactly that of the mixture of sodium
palmitate and oleate, which give to ordinary soap its odor.

V. CREMASTOGASTER LINEOLATA, VAR. CLARA.

The odor associated with this ant is one of the most unpleasant
that we have encountered in the course of our work. At first the
fresh ants have quite a strong odor strikingly similar to chlorine.

* We are thus enabled to repeat on a small scale in the animal
kingdom, the physiological separation of species by olfactory means,
a thing which has often been effected by botanists with plant species,
more notably among the roses (ef. Kerner and Oliver, ’95}.

4

APRIL, 1906. THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF SOME INSECT SECRETIONS. 35

This soon passes away, leaving an after odor suggestive of the
large shelf fungus (Polyporus. )

VI. PACHYCONDYLA HARPAX.

Here the odor is hardly distinguishable from the fungoid smell
of Cremastogaster, although it is not evident until the ants have
been crushed.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.
100) banks, IN:
Camphor secreted by an Animal. Science, N. §S., vol.
XII, p. 649.
Tae wadeze. i.

Les moyens d’attaque et de défense chez les insects. Bull.
Acad. Royal de Belgique, 2 Ser. XX XVIII, pp. 787-
810.
‘for. Clause
Ueber die Seitendriisen der Larven von Chrysomela
populi. Zeit. f. wissen. Zool. Bd. 11, pp. 23-28.
oo. ‘Cook OUF.
Camphor secreted by an Animal. Science, N. S., vol.
XII, pp. 516-521.
170.) Cope, 2. Pe
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Phila. vol. 3, pp. 66-67.
88. Denham, Chas. S.
The acid secretion of Notodonta concinna. Insect Life,
ip pie:
84. Dewitz. H.
Ueber das durch foramina repugnatoria entleerte
Sekret bei Glomeris. Biol. Centralblatt IV., p. 202.
78. Forel; Aug.
Der Giftapparat und die Analdritsen der Ameisen. Zeit.
f. wissen. vol. XXX. Suppl. pp. 28-68.
70. Gissler-C gue
On the repugnatorial glands in Eleodes.. Psyche, ii. p.

200.
95. Kerner, A. and Oliver, F. W.
The Natural History of Plants. Vol. 2, Part 1, pp. 199.
New York, Henry Holt & Co.
193. Kolbe, E® J.
Einftthrung in die Kenntniss der Insekten. pp. 608-613.
Berlin.

36

‘59.
"48.

*82.

BULLETIN OF WISCONSIN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. VOL. 4, NOS. 1-2.

Latter, Oswald.

The secretion of potassium hydroxide by Dicranura
vinula and the emergence of the imago from the
cocoon. Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. p. 287.

Latter Oswald.

Further notes on the secretion of potassium hydroxide
by Dicranura vinula and similar phenomena in other
lepidoptera. Nature, 1895, and Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond.

‘Ponmanre)..C. C:
Freies Jod als Driisensekret. ‘Tijdschr. Nederl. Dierk.
Ver. Deel 1, 1887.
Ligz> KG.
Das Blut der Coccinelliden. Zool. Anzeiger, p. 244,255.
Marx, Geo.

Notes on Thelyphonus. Entomologica Americana, vol.

2, 1886-1887.
Mayer, Paul.
Anatomie von Pyrrhocoris apterus. Archiv f. Anat.
Phys, etc. pp. 313-347.
Meldola, Raphael.
Note on Dicranura larva. Trans Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892.
Packard, A. Ss
Text book of Entomology. New York, Macmillan Co.
PP- 357-397.
Say. Thos.
Complete writings, edited by J. L. LeConte.
Siebold, Carl Theo.

Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der wirbellosen

Thiere.
Weber, Max.

Ueber eine Cvyanwasserstoffsaure bereitende Driise.

Archiv f. mik. Anat, XXI, pp. 460-475.
Wheeler, Wm. M.

On the appendages of the first abdominal segment of

embryo insects. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. etc. vol. vii.
Wheeler, Wm. M.

Hydrocvanic acid secreted by Polydesmus virginiensis.

Psyche v. p. 422.
Williston, S. A.

A protective secretion of Eleodes ejected from anal

gland. Psyche, iv. p. 168.

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FROM

BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN

Vor. Es Nor

GINN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS

The Atheneum Press
1900

;
.
BOSTON, U.S.A.

NEW SPECIES. OF HYGROCELEUTHUS. AND
DOLICHOPUS, WITH REMARKS ON
HYGROCELEUTHUS.1

AXEL LEONARD MELANDER anp CHARLES THOMAS BRUES.

THE recognition of two new species of Hygroceleuthus and a
study of both sexes of the other American species of this genus,
and of another species which has been hitherto placed in Doli-
chopus, have shown the necessity of revising this genus. Hith-
erto but little attention has been paid to the females, which are
very difficult to separate, whereas the males present very evi-
dent characters and are easily identified.

Previous to 1868 only one species of Hygroceleuthus was
known from North America, and three others fromthe rest of
the world. Since then North America has produced at least
eight species, making it the richest country known in species
of this genus.

Flygroceleuthus and Dolichopus are very closely allied, their
separation being effected by male characters alone. These two
genera form a group distinct from other Dolichopodidae by the
presence of a number of bristles on the upper surface of the
hind metatarsi. They have in common also the first joint of
the antennae hairy above, third joint short, its arista dorsal,
and hypopygium free.

The so-called distinction between the two genera is to be
found in the length of the face which, in the typical males of
flygroceleuthus, is lengthened and attains the lower corner of
the eye. Subordinate to this and even less constant are the
lengthened antennae, deep incision in the hind margin of the
wing, and broadened wings. In the three typical species of
flygroceleuthus, which have tarsal ornamentation, this occurs on
the middle legs. In Dolichopus there is no species with the

1 Contributions from the Zoblogical Laboratory of the University of Texas, under

the direction of W. M. Wheeler, Vo. 7.
123

124 MELANDER AND BRUES. [Vor; I.

middle legs similarly ornamented if we except plumipes. For
this reason and because it shows a tendency toward the length-
ened face of Hygroceleuthus, we have included plumipes in the
present paper. But as this species shows strong Dolichopus
characters in the short, stout antennae and slight costal thick-
ening, it cannot be placed satisfactorily in either genus as they

have been defined. On
the other hand, the
European Hygroceleu-
thus diadema merges ~
with Dolichopus on ac-
count of its shortened
antennae.

The original defini-
tion of Hygroceleuthus
included a deep incision
in the hind margin of
the wing and broadened
wings. From these
characters A/drichit and

Fic. 1.— Showing length of face: 1, Dolichopus comatus, Wheelert deviate very

male; 2, Hygroceleuthus plumipes, male; 3, Hygroce- decidedly.
leuthus Wheelerii, male; 4, Hygroceleuthus amnicola, i
female; 5, Hygroceleuthus affictus, male; 6, Hygroce- Lat ipes, the only

Lens fariees) SalS> North American /y-
groceleuthus which Loew saw, possessed no characters at vari-
ance with the typical species. It was because of limited material
that Loew felt justified in constructing this genus. Like other
genera founded on secondary sexual characters alone, such as
Rhagoneura and Spathochira ot this same group, Hygroceleuthus
has been found invalid as the number of species increased.

From the foregoing it seems advisable that Hygroceleuthus
be no longer retained with generic value, but may be kept as
an expression for a group of the genus Dolichopus.

Of the previously described species of Hygroceleuthus, one
has failed to be recognized, /amellicornis Thom., if indeed
this be a species of Hygroceleuthus. The type was a female
from California, but the description omitted the important
points.

No. 3.] HYGROCELEUTHUS AND DOLICHOPUS. 125

We have examined types of all the species except latipes,
plumipes, crenatus, affictus, and ciliatus. The specimens
studied in the preparation of this paper are in the collection
of Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler, who kindly placed his collection at
our disposal.

Although the name ci/iatus has been previously used by
Walker,! Aldrich’s cé/iatws may remain, as Walker’s species is
too poorly characterized to admit of its recognition.

Males.

Middle tarsi ornamented . ; ; : : : , : : 2
Middle tarsi plain. . : . ; : : : : ; 5
2. Antennae largely isidele f ; : : . Aldrichit Wheeler
First joint of antennae yellow. : : ; : : ‘ 3

3. Middle tarsi strongly compressed . ; ; : . latipes Loew
Middle tarsi not compressed, first joint feathered laterally . ; 4

4. Middle tibia twice length of femur : : . Wheelerii, sp. nov.
Middle tibia not elongated, slender. : ; . plumipes Scop.

5. Cilia of tegulae yellow . : : ; : : : : 3 6
Cilia of tegulae mostly black ; : : 8

6. Second abdominal segment laterally mith a tuft of yellow hairs
afflictus O. S:

Abdomen without such tuft . : : ; 7 : : : 7
7. Face yellowish white . : ‘ : : : . crenatus O.S.
Face silvery ‘ : 3 ; , : . tdahoensts Aldrich
8. Arista bare . : : : 2 : : ciliatus Aldrich
Arista densely pieacent ; ; : 5 t 4 9

9. Front coxae yellow, postocular cilia’ in art yellow
consanguineus Wheeler

Coxae black, postocular cilia wholly black . : var. propinguus
Females.
First joint of antennae yellow : 2
First joint of antennae in great part aba s : ‘ 4
2. Species about 6 mm. first joint of middle tarsus eens at pase 3
Species about 4mm. Middle tarsi wholly black . . plumipes Scop.
3. Hind tibiae wholly yellow, vertex green : : . latipes Loew
Hind tibiae black at tip, vertex violet . ‘ . latipes var. cognatus
4. Tip of hind tibiae black, or, if yellow, the wings narrow”. ' 5
Hind tibiae wholly yellow . : : : , : : ; 6

1 List of Diptera in Collection of British Museum, pt. iii, p- 661.

120 MELANDER AND BRUES. [VoL. I.

5. Front femora with the basal two-thirds infuscated amnicola sp. nov.
Front femora wholly yellow . : : . Aldrichit Wheeler

6. Arista with slight pubescence; wings ustally with a stump-vein at the
bend of the fourth vein . s 3 ; , , 4 : 7
Arista bare . : aw ee : : 8

7. Second joint of hind tarsi wallow: at base tees yellow ; smaller species
crenatus O. S.

Second joint of hind tarsi black; legs darker ; larger species
consanguineus Wheeler

8. Tegular cilia wholly black, somewhat robust : . ctliatus Aldrich
Tegular cilia yellow at sides ; : : ‘ : : : 9
9. Wings yellowish anteriorly, coxae yellow. F . affictus O. S.
Wings hyaline, coxae darker : : 3 . tdahoensts Aldrich

Hygroceleuthus Wheelerti, sp. nov.

Male. Length 5 mm.; length of wing 4mm. Shining metallic cupre-
ous green. Proboscis piceous. Face covered with a thick dust, silvery
on lower half, becoming golden towards antennae. Antennae yellow, first
two joints wholly so, the third black on upper surface and outer half.
First joint hairy above, and with a slight swelling on inner surface to meet
the other antenna; second joint tipped with a fringe of black hairs, becom-
ing stouter and longer on underside,
nearly one-half the length of first joint
when viewed from above. Third
joint somewhat longer than the first,
bearing dorsally a stout arista with
very short pubescence. Vertex me-
tallic violet. Postocular cilia deli-
cate, black above and light yellow
below. Thorax bright grassy green,
becoming cupreous at sides and with

Fic. 2.—H. Wheelerii: a, wing of male; aR SP. :
3, middle leg; c, antenna. a faint indication of the two narrow

approximated median brown lines.
Abdomen green, with silvery dust at sides and beneath. Posterior margins
of segments becoming cupreous and margined with piceous. Hypopygium
green, almost piceous, overlaid with a grayish dust. Lamellae pale, with a dis-
tinct narrow dark border and a black fringe. Internal appendages yellow.
Sides of thorax glaucous ; shining green when viewed from behind. Fore
coxae yellow, hairy on whole anterior face and with a few bristles at tip.
Middle and hind coxae yellow with outer face glaucous at basal two-thirds.
Trochanters, femora, and tibiae yellow. Middle tibiae very long and thin,
the proportion of femur to tibia of the middle leg being 20 to 39. Hind
tibiae not incrassate, nor with smooth space on inner surface. Anterior
tarsi black from tip of first joint, middle and hind tarsi black. Middle

No:.3:i] Hf1YGROCELEUTHUS AND DOLICHOPUS. 127

tarsi short, first joint broadly feathered laterally. Wings narrow, hyaline,
distinctly yellowish towards costa. The usual costal swelling at tip of first
vein is slight. Almost no incision at tip of fifth vein. The anal angle of
wing is produced into a large distinct lobe. Veins dark. Bend in fourth
vein regular. Halterés and tegulae yellow, the tegular cilia long and black.

One male specimen taken by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler in a cran-
berry bog at Woods Holl, Mass., July 13, 1899.

This very distinct species is readily recognized by its length-
ened middle tibiae. Aside from this the following are more or
less characteristic: the reduced costal swelling and incision of
the wing as well as the pronounced anal lobe ; the peculiar lat-
eral ornamentation of the middle tarsi, which are unusually
short ; the violet front; the light-colored antennae and finely
pubescent arista; and the yellow hind tibiae.

Hygroceleuthus plumipes Scopoli.

Mate. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. Length of wing 3.5-4 mm. Face yellow
pollinose. Antennae yellow, third joint black at tip. First joiat with a
slightly prominent projection on its inner side. Arista slightly pubescent.
Fremt metallic green. Thorax without distinct dusted bands. Abdomen

Fic. 3.—H. plumipes: a, male wing; 2, female wing; c, antenna; @, middle tibia:
e, middle metatarsus, male.

metallic green above and distinctly bronzed toward the apex ; white dusted
at the sides and covered throughout with short black hairs. Lamellae of
hypopygium narrowly bordered with fuscous. Pleurae metallic green, cov-
ered with white dust. Coxae of same color as the pleurae, except the anterior
ones, which are yellow and covered with black hairs on the anterior and
inner surfaces, bearing also a few black bristles at their tips. Femora yel-
low. Tibiae yellow, the middle pair slightly, and the posterior pair dis-
tinctly tipped with black. Middle tibiae flat, very slender except at extreme

128 MELANDER AND BRUES. [Vot. I.

base and apex, which are normal in form. The flat sides each with a wide,
shallow, piceous groove extending along the entire length of the tibia.
Tarsi black, except basal two-thirds of anterior pair. Middle tarsi with the
first joint longer than the two following and broadly feathered laterally.
Wings narrow, the. anterior and posterior margins subparallel, nearly hya-
line. Swelling at tip of humeral vein slight, incision at tip of fifth vein
slight. Tegulae with long black cilia.

Female. » Length 3.5-4.5 mm. Length of wing 3.5-4mm. Face broader,
gray, greenish in certain lights and darker below. Middle tibiae and tarsi
of the usual form. Anal lobe of wing more rounded than in the male, and
the costa not thickened.

Twenty-three specimens examined. Sixteen males and six
females, from Rabbit Ear Pass 10,000 feet, and North Park,
gooo feet, Colorado. Also one male specimen from Vancouver
Island, collected by Mr. C. Livingston.

This species is readily distinguished by the peculiarly formed
middle tibia and tarsus of the male. The female may be sep-
arated from /atifes by its smaller size and wholly black middle
tarsi, and from all the other species by the entirely yellow
first antennal joint.

The distribution of this species is most interesting. It is
one of the three species of Dolichopus which are common to
Europe and North America. It is mostly a boreal species,
being found in great numbers throughout Northern Europe,
from Cape North to Switzer-
land. In America it was
noticed by Loew from Alaska.
Where plumipes extends to-
ward the south it is limited to
high altitudes, as witnessed in
Switzerland and Colorado.

Hygroceleuthus latipes Loew.

evoecemensr

Male. Length 5-7 mm., of wing
4.5-6.5 mm. Face silvery, yellowish
above. First joint of antennae yellow, at most slightly darkened above,
long. Arista pubescent. Vertex generally green. About 6 to 8 of the
supraocular cilia black, the remainder pale. Abdomen with posterior
margins of the segments cupreous. Lamellae of hypopygium white with
narrow black border and fringe. Anterior coxae yellow, hairy on distal

Fic. 4.—H. lati~es: a, male; 4, female.

VOs3% (| HYGROCELEUTHUS AND DOLICHOPUS. 129

portion in front. Femora and tibiae yellow. Middle tarsi compressed,
ornamentation dorsal on last four joints. Wings thickened at tip of first
vein and incised at fifth, Tegula cilia black, a few yellow inside.

female. Face silvery, broader. Antennae shorter, first joint hairy above,
sometimes infuscated above. Vertex green. Abdomen more cupreous,
and anterior and middle tarsi slightly lighter than in the male. Posterior
femora with two macrochaetae near tip on outer side. Wing incision not
very deep.

This species has a greater distribution than any of the other
species, except plumzpes. It has been taken at various places
in the Northern States from Connecticut to Idaho. This is
the commonest species, and, aside from Wheelerii, the only
species yet found east of the Dakotas.

Latipes, var.? cognatus. Two specimens vary from the type
as follows and may possibly represent another species. Pos-
terior tibiae black at tip and hind tarsi totally black. Vertex
violet. Posterior femora each with only one macrochaeta on
outer side near apex.. One female from Woods Holl, Mass.,
July 19, 1899, and another female from Pullman, IIl., August
7, 1897.

flygroceleuthus Aldrichit Wheeler.

Male. Length 4-5 mm. Face with silvery white dust below, ochreous
above. Antennae black, first and second joints yellow below on mesial sur-
face. Arista moderately pubescent. Front green. Postocular cilia white
on lower two-thirds, black above. La-
mellae of hypopygium yellow with black
border and fringe of delicate black hairs.
Anterior coxae yellow, others dark.
Second, third, and fourth joints of
middle tarsi distinctly compressed and
fringed with stout black hairs. Anal
angle of wing bilobed, costal thickening
prominent and incision at tip of fifth
vein slight. Tegulae with long black

cilia.

Female. Length 4-5.5 mm. Face
grayish-yellow. First joint of antennae almost entirely black. Tip of hind
tibiae usually black. Incision at tip of fifth vein slight. Anal angle not
bilobed, and tarsi but very slightly compressed.

Fic. 5.—H. Aldrichiz: a, male; 4, female.

Numerous specimens examined, males and females. From
Idaho, Wyoming, and Colorado.

130 MELANDER AND BRUVUES. [Morr I.

The peculiar anal lobe of the male wing easily identifies this
species. The female is not so easily distinguished, but can be
recognized by the characters given above.

Hygroceleuthus amnicola, sp. nov.

Female. Length 4.5 mm., of wing 4.5 mm. Of a bright metallic green
with cupreous reflections. Palpi light yellow with black hairs. Face evenly
overlaid with golden dust. Antennae black with lower half of first and sec-
ond joints yellow. The difference in color is sharply marked. First joint
hairy above, with a rather large yellow projection from inner side. Second
joint tipped with a fringe of black hairs which are longer below. Front
metallic brassy green. Upper half of the postocular cilia black, lower pale.
Thorax shining green, not much dusted in front, disc somewhat cupreous ;

; the two narrow approximated lines
are left green. Sides of thorax glau-
cous, becoming more piceous in all
the coxae. Front coxae with black
hairs on whole anterior face. Mid-
dle and hind femora yellow; fore
femora black for nearly proximal
two-thirds. All the tibiae yellow, infuscated at tip ; the darkening especially
prominent on the hind legs.. Front tarsi black from tip of first joint ; mid-
dle tarsi with first and second joints yellow, their tips black, remaining
joints black ; hind tarsi black from base of first joint. Wings long and
narrow, greatly prolonged beyond tip of fourth vein ; the fourth vein with

Fic. 6.— H. amnicolz: wing of female.

a very strong bend and continued obliquely forward. Halteres and tegulae
yellow, the cilia of the latter long and black.

One specimen, Colorado, Grizzly Creek, North Park; col-
lected, bys Mr. (C.F. Baker:

- Although this species is represented by a single female
specimen, it is so distinct that there is no hesitancy about its
position. The wings reach further beyond the fourth vein; the
angle of the fourth vein is more nearly rectangular; the coxae
are darker and the femora blacker than in any other female
Hygroceleuthus.

Amnicola differs from Aldrichiz thus: middle tarsi are not
compressed and are largely yellow; the front femora and coxae
are much darker; the wings are hyaline and more extended
beyond the veins, and the fourth vein is more:sharply bent. -

No. 3.] BMVGROCELEOTHOS AND DOLICHOPUS: iT

flygroceleuthus crenatus O. S.

Male. Length 5-6 mm. Face yellowish-white. Antennae with the two
basal joints black, except a yellow protuberance on the inner side of each.
Arista densely pubescent. Postocular cilia black on upper third, yellow
below. Anterior coxae yellow, with
a black stripe outwardly. Femora
and tibiae yellow ; the hind tibiae
incrassate, with a shallow, broad,
brownish groove on the inner side.
Anterior and middle tibiae infuscated
toward the tips. Hind tarsi black
except base of first joint. Lamellae

of hypopygium nearly white, mar-
gined with black at the tips. Wings
very broad, narrowed to the base.
Costa moderately thickened, incision
at tip of fifth vein moderate. Cilia
of tegulae yellow, delicate, sometimes with a few black hairs intermixed.

female. Length 5-6 mm. Face uniform gray. First joint of antennae
in great part black. Arista black, slightly pubescent. Hind tibiae wholly
yellow, the hind tarsi with the second joint yellow at the base. Wings
with a distinct incision at tip of fifth vein. A stump-vein projecting from
the bend of the fourth vein, sometimes abbreviated.

Fic. 7.—H. crenatus: a, male ; 4, female.

Numerous male and female specimens examined from Cali-
fornia, Washington, Wyoming, Idaho, and Vancouver Island.

Hygroceleuthus consangut-
neus Wheeler.

Male. Length 5.5-6.5 mm.,
of wing 4.5-5.5 mm. Upper
two-thirds of face more opaque
than lower third, generally
with two broad vertical bands
on upper two-thirds. Anten-
nae black, in small part yellow
below, and on mesial surface
of first and second joints.

First joint with smooth swell-

Fic. 8. —H. consanguineus: a, male; 4, female.

ing inside. Arista thick,
densely pubescent. Postocular cilia black, becoming thick and flat below ;
upper infraorbital cilia bright orange, lower black. Lamellae of hypopygium

132 MELANDER AND BRUES. [VoL. I.

piceous with suffused black border. Legs yellow, black from tip of first
tarsal joint. Hind tibiae incrassate slightly. Distal portion of fourth vein
with abrupt angle and with stump-vein. Cilia of tegulae black.

Female. Somewhat smaller and with relatively longer wings. Stump-
vein at angle of fourth longitudinal present. Tegular cilia black. Fore
coxae with black hairs in front. The dilation of first antennal joint is less
prominent. The lower postocular cilia are also parti-colored but less flat-
tened than in the male.

This species was described from a large number of ppoeinens
collected in July, 1896, near Monterey, Cal.

Consanguineus, var. propinguus. Several interesting speci-
mens received from Mr. C. Livingston, from Corfield, Van-
couver Island, vary from the typical consanguineus as follows:

Darker. All the coxae piceous; femora piceous beneath
near base. Postocular cilia black, none of the orange-colored
cilia of the typical consanguineus present, not so many of the
infraocular cilia flattened. Lamellae of hypopygium darker.

Hygroceleuthus afflictus O. S.

Male. Length 6-6.5 mm. Face white, silvery. Antennae with yellow
expansion on inner side of first joint ; second joint with only a vestige of
yellow on the inner side. Pubescence of arista sparse but robust. Vertex
green. Postocular cilia black above for a long distance, descending nearly
to the middle of the eye ; below light yellow. Second abdominal segment
bearing on each side near the middle a
tuft of long yellow hairs, directed back-
ward and reaching to the middle of the
fourth segment. Third segment with a

very small similar tuft. Hind tibiae

incrassate, with a broad shallow groove

on the inner side. Costal thickening

and incision at fifth vein of wing distinct.

Female. Length 5.5—6.5 mm. - Face

: gray, with a greenish tinge on the lower

eee ee part and slightly ochreous near the base

Fic. 9. Hi affictus: a, male: 6; female. | OF the antennae. Antennae dark, first

and second joints in great part black.

Arista bare. Abdomen without any tufts of yellow hair. Anterior coxae

yellow, sometimes with a small posterior stripe dark. Hind tibiae completely

yellow. Wings yellowish anteriorly, costa not thickened, notch at tip of fifth
vein very pronounced. Tegular cilia black, yellow at the sides.

No. 3.] WMGROCELEUTHOES: AND DOLICHOPUS. 133

Numerous males and females examined from Arizona, Mon-
terey County, Cal, and Wyoming. It was described from San
Rafael, Cal., and is recorded also from Washington.

The male of this species is very easily known by the presence
of the tufts of yellow hair upon the second abdominal segment.

Hygroceleuthus ciliatus Aldrich.

Male. Length 4—5.5mm. Face yellowish-white. Front green. Antennae
black, except lower half of first and second joints. Arista bare. Post-
ocular cilia black on upper third, below nearly white. Sides of first abdominal
segment with a few white hairs. Tips of hind tibiae blackish. Tarsi simple,
black from tip of first joint. Wings narrow, hyaline, costa not thickened at
tip of first longitudinal. Indention at
tip of fifth vein slight. Tegulae with
long black cilia.

female. Length 4-5.5 mm. Face
yellowish-gray. Arista of antennae bare.
Hind tibiae wholly yellow. First joint
of hind tarsi lighter at base. Tegular
cilia black. Wings with a distinct in-
cision at tip of fifth vein.

Numerous specimens examined
from South Dakota and Wyoming.

Fic. 10.—H. ciliatus: a, male; 4, female.

Hygroceleuthus tdahoensis Aldrich.

Male. Length 5.2 mm., of wing 4.8
mm. Face silvery. Antennae black,
not large but with swollen yellow pro-
tuberance on inner side; second joint
slightly yellow on inner side; arista
rather stout. Vertex blue-green. La- ;
mellae of hypopygium small, white, with ai * ee ‘
rather wide black margin. Anterior ale Belin
coxae yellow with a dark green stripe
on outer face, and with afew hairs
on lower part. Hind tibiae incrassate with a longitudinal depression.
Tarsi black from tip of first joint. Costa thickened for a long distance,
the incision in hind margin.slight. Tegular cilia pale, not large.

female. Face broader, darker than in the male. Anterior coxae more

Fic. 11.—H. tdahoensis: a, male;
6, female.

hairy. Wings less yellow anteriorly, costa not thickened. Tegular cilia
larger, black with a slight admixture of pale ones.

134 MELANDER AND BRUES. [Vorsl.

Moscow, Idaho. September. The original collection num-
bered about seventy-five specimens.

LIST OF THE SPECIES OF THE GROUP HYGROCELEUTHUS.

plumipes Scopoli, 1763. Lut. Cari., 334.

latipes Loew, 1861. Neue Bettraege, Fasc. viii., 5.

? lamellicornis Thomson, 1868. ugentes Resa, 511.
crenatus Osten Sacken, 1877. Western Diptera, 312.
affictus Osten Sacken, 1877. Western Diptera, 313.
ctliatus Aldrich, 1893. Kan. Univ. Quart., 25.
tdahoensis Aldrich, 1894. Kan. Univ. Quart., 154.
Aldrichit Wheeler, 1899. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sct., 3.
consanguineus Wheeler, 1899. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sct., 5.
Wheelerii Melander and Brues, sf. nov.

amnicola Melander and Brues, sf. ov.

Dolichopus.

The following notes and descriptions were made from speci-
mens belonging to Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler, who has not only given
us his entire collection to work over, but has also tendered us
much aid and advice.

The appended list is given in the hope that it may prove
useful, as it contains many new localities. It is interesting
to note that so many of Loew’s species have been again
recognized.

Dimorphism has not been noticed in the genus Dolichopus
as yet, but a most interesting case of what may turn out to be
such is tobe found in the species Henshawi and marginatus.
Of the more specific characters these two species possess in
common the following: antennae similarly colored, vertex vio-
let, fore coxae with dark hairs, hind tibiae with similar dark
glabrous stripes, similar wing neuration, and the yellow hind
femora of the male ciliated with black hairs, in which character
they differ from all other dolichopodes. On the other hand,
the males seem evidently distinct as follows :

Henshawi. Face generally yellow ; postocular cilia darker
yellow; fore tibiae incrassated at tip; fore tarsi ornamented
and banded; hind tibiae not evidently darkened towards tip

No. 3.] HYVGROCELEUTHUS AND DOLICHOPUS. 135

except a large black blotch on inner side; lamellae of hypopy-
gium fringed with comparatively short hairs.

Marginatus. Face gray; all the legs plain ; front tarsi grad-
ually darker toward tip; hind tibiae more infuscated at apex ;
lamellae fringed with numerous longer hairs.

The females of these species cannot be separated. They
agree rather with marginatus in the color of the postocular
cilia and of the legs. The males, evidently so distinct, were
taken, together with the females, in the same netful at Woods
Holl, Mass., by Dr. Wheeler. Marginatus is the commoner
form. In all were taken from July 14 to August 9, 1899,
forty-eight females, thirteen male Henshaw, and nineteen
male marginatus.

Dolichopus partitus, sp. nov.

Femora chiefly black, cilia of inferior orbit black, wings infuscated, coxae
wholly black.

Male. Length 5-5.5 mm., of wing the same. Dark green with metal-
lic lustre. Proboscis and palpi black. Face rather wide, short, con-
cave beneath the antenna, and with a pronounced transverse ridge at its
lower fourth, below this convex. Face covered with light brown pollen,
except a small spot at each side of the ridge. Antennae totally black ; the
first joint with short bristles above ; the bristles about the apex of the sec-
ond joint much longer below. Third joint short, ovate, obtusely pointed at
tip; arista black, pubescent. Front
dark violaceous green. Postocular
cilia totally black. Thorax above,
dark green, with a median longitudi-
nal dark cupreous band. Scutellum !
of same color as thorax. Abdomen ae
metallic green, lighter than thorax.
Surface covered with short black
hairs, more sparse towards base; very slightly covered with whitish dust.
Hypopygium almost black, shining with two patches of black hair on dorsal
side near the base ; internal appendages ferruginous. Lamellae yellow, of
usual size, with a black border. Between the white center and black border
isa ferruginous band. The border is very much jagged at apex and furnished
with strong bristles, becoming more slender towards base. Pleurae greenish-
black, covered with whitish dust ; coxae black. Legs black, except femora
and tibiae just at their articulation, the four anterior tibiae and the base of
the first joint of four anterior tarsi. Posterior femora not ciliated. Wings
infuscated about cross-vein and at apex between costa and third vein. The

lap, _

Fic. 12. —D. partitus: male wing.

1 36 MELANDER AND BRUES. [VoLu. I.

latter spot reaches only to the second longitudinal in one specimen. Veins
black ; costa with an elongate swelling at the junction of the humeral vein ;
notch at tip of fifth vein distinct. Tegulae and halteres light yellow, the
former with long black cilia.

Described from two male specimens collected in North Park,
Colorado.

This species is related to /ohnsonzt Aldrich, but may be dis-
tinguished by its wide face, totally black coxae, spotted wings,
and violaceous front.

Dolichopus paluster, sp. nov.

Bluish-green ; antennae totally black ; infraocular cilia black ; tegular
cilia black ; legs including coxae black ; tarsi not ornamented ; hind femora
ciliated in male.

Male. Length 5-5.5 mm. Wing 4.5-5 mm. Shining bluish-green.
Proboscis and palpi piceous. Face moderately wide, between three and
four times as long as the width at the middle, covered with brownish-yellow
pollen, not at all silvery. Vertex dark blue-green. Postocular cilia all
black. Antennae totally black; first. joint with but
few bristles above, those about the apex of the second
joint very long below. Third joint oval, obtuse at
apex. Arista black, pubescent, about twice as long
as the antenna. Dorsum of thorax dark green, tinged
with blue. In some specimens there is a median
stripe, more blue and shining. Scutellum of the same
color as thorax, fringed with short light-brown hairs.
Abdomen green, distinctly bluish in many specimens,
and very shining, sharply compressed towards apex
and somewhat inflated near the base; destitute of light dust. Hypopy-
gium black, shining, slightly ochreous-dusted near the base, and bearing a
bunch of black hairs basally. Lamellae oval, slightly angulated inwardly,
nearly white, with a sharply defined black border, fringed with black bris-
tles which are more delicate basally. Internal appendages dark ferrugi-

Fic. 13.—D. paluster:
male lamella.

nous. Pleurae black, white dusted, those of the prothorax green like the
dorsum. Legs, including coxae, wholly black, fore coxae white dusted, and
with short black hairs. Anterior tarsi not ornamented, about one-fourth
longer than the tibiae ; middle tarsi but slightly longer than tibiae. Hind
femora ciliated on apical half with black hairs, the longest hairs not longer
than the width of the femur at the point of their insertion. Posterior tibiae
somewhat thickened. Wings grayish; veins black; costa but slightly
thickened at tip of first longitudinal ; fourth vein not sharply bent, approxi-
mated with the third vein at tip. Incision at tip of fifth vein slight. Teg-
ulae and halteres yellow, tegular cilia black.

INGR3-] “MA YGROCELEUTAOS AND DOLICHOPUS. 137

Female. Size same. More coppery than the male, especially on the
sides of the thorax and abdomen. Face dark yellowish-gray ; slightly
more than twice as long as wide. Posterior femora not ciliated below,
hind tibiae not thickened. The wings are brownish, darker anteriorly
between the costa and second longitudinal; the veins black, very narrowly
margined with brown. Otherwise like the male.

Described from five male and four female specimens, col-
lected by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler, in Monterey County, Cal.,
during July, 18096. | .

This species is most closely related to corvax Osten Sacken,
from which it differs as follows: lamellae nearly white, bor-
dered with black; fore. tarsi male plain. In covax the front
tarsi are ornamented and the lamellae are nearly black, yel-
lowish-brown in the middle only.

Dolichopus intentus, sp. nov.

Femora largely black ; tibiae pale ; cilia of inferior orbit dark ; tegular
cilia dark; wings hyaline ; lamellae of hypopygium small, dusky ; antennae
black, third joint long, pointed, with subapical arista.

Male. Length 4 mm., of wing 3.5 mm. Dark bronzed green dusted.
Proboscis dirty yellow, palpi piceous. Face thickly covered with silvery
dust, except a small median spot immediately below antennae. Antennae
black ; first and second joints subequal ; first two joints more or less shin-
ing, densely clothed with ap-
pressed short pubescence ;
third joint more opaque, the
pubescence closer. First
joint bristly ; second joint
with a terminal fringe of
bristles which become longer
beneath; third joint longer
than first and second to-

gether. _ Arista subterminal,
shorter than third antennal
joint. Front violet, metallic,
slightly bronze dusted. Post- )
ocular cilia black. Thorax and abdomen greenish-bronze above, becoming

Fic. 14. —D. iutentus : male wing, antenna
and hypopygium.

piceous dusted below. Hypopygium piceous dusted, shining inwardly. In-
ternal appendages dark ; lamellae small, fuscous without a distinct darker
border, fringed with hairs only. Legs plain, dark, with usual bristles.
Front coxae somewhat lighter than pleurae, yet silvery. Femora piceous
except the yellow tip ; hind femora with two ante-apical bristles. Fore and

138 MELANDER AND BRUES. [Vo I.

middle tibiae yellow ; hind tibiae black at tip, slightly swollen along middle,
but without a smooth space internally. Wings subquadrate, hyaline, third
and fourth veins subparallel at tip. Wings with costa at tip of first vein
thickened and without an obvious notch at terminus of fifth vein; anal
angle rounded. Tegulae and halteres yellow. Tegular cilia black.

One specimen, collected by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler at Chicago,
Ill., dated May 8, 1896.

This species is allied to Jaticornis Loew, and zucongruus
Wheeler, but is at once distinct in the structure of the
antennae.

In his table of Dolichopus,1 Mr. Aldrich commits zucongruus
to the section with the femora yellow. The type specimen
has dark legs. Division 5 of his table may be thus altered:

5. Third joint of antennae large . ‘ : 5 : : ; 5a
Third joint as usual, tegular cilia black. ; ; ; 6
sa. Tegular cilia yellow ; hind tibiae dark on whole under suriuce
zncongruus Wheeler
Tibiae of hind legs infuscated towards tip ; : : 50
54. Tegular cilia generally yellow ; lamellae of ions aire clear
laticornis Loew
Tegular cilia black ; lamellae of hypopygium dusky
tntentus NOV.

Dolichopus calainus, sp. nov.

Femora chiefly black, cilia of inferior orbit pale, middle tibiae black,
femora yellow only at extreme tip, hind femora not ciliated, legs wholly
black.

Male. Length 5 mm., of wing 4.5 mm. Bright metallic blue with
greenish reflections. Proboscis and palpi piceous. Face of usual length
and rather narrow ; light gray below, ochreous and darker above. Antennae
totally black, third joint ovate, obtusely pointed at tip. Arista black, mod-
erately pubescent, nearly twice as long as the antenna and inserted about
the middle of the third joint. First joint but slightly bristly above, more
strongly so toward the tip. Front bright blue with a decided greenish
tinge. Postocular cilia black above, below the middle light. Just before
the lower corner of the eye they are suddenly somewhat longer and placed
very close together, forming a sort of brush. Dorsum of thorax and scutel-
lum deep shining blue, greenish only at extreme sides and in front. Abdo-
men much compressed toward the apex ; shining bluish-green, whitish dusted
on the sides below and covered with black hairs, which grow longer toward
the apex of the abdomen. Hypopygium piceous, with several conspicuous

1 Kan. Univ. Quart. Vol. ii., No. I, p. 2.

ial eile

No. 3.] HYGROCELEUTHUS AND DOLICHOPUS. 139

patches of black hairs ; internal appendages light brown. Lamellae small,
strongly infuscated, lighter at middle; with a narrow black border which is
much wider on the lower corner; fringed with black bristles which are
slender, especially on the upper edge. Pleu-
rae very dark gréen, grayish dusted. All
the coxae black. The anterior ones silvery
in front and covered with short black hairs.
Legs black, slightly whitish dusted. The
anterior tibiae dark brown on the inner side.
All the femora at extreme tip, the tibiae at
extreme base and the first joint of anterior
and middie tarsi at extreme base, yellow.
Wings hyaline, the veins black. Costa with a knot-like swelling at junction
of humeral vein. Tegulae and halteres yellow, the former with long black cilia.

Fic. 15.—D. calainus: hypopygium.

Described from one male specimen collected by Dr. Wm. M.
Wheeler in Chicago, May 8, 1896.

This species is related to myosota O. S., but may be dis-
tinguished by the lamellae of the hypopygium, which are larger,
darker, wider, and distinctly angulate below.

Dolichopus enigma, sp. nov.

Dark green, shining ; wings brownish in front ; tegular cilia black ; cilia
of inferior orbit pale ; femora black, hind pair of male not ciliated ; fore
tibiae brownish-yellow ; lamellae of
hypopygium subrectangular.

Male. Length 4 mm., of wing
3-5 mm. Bright green, not very
shining. Proboscis and palpi pice-
ous. Face rather wide, covered with
dense silvery dust, brownish in cer-
tain lights. Antennae totally black,
sericeous, but little hairy above.
First joint long, second and third
taken together, about twice the
length of first. Arista less than
twice as long as antenna, black, but
little pubescent. Front dark green,
not very shining. Postocular cilia
black above and pale below. Dor- Fic. 16.— D. enigma, male; D. ovatus, male.
sum of thorax and scutellum bright
green, somewhat cupreous in front. Abdomen dark green, bronzed, not
so bright as thorax ; covered with black hairs throughout and white dusted
on sides and below. Incisures between segments black. Hypopygium

140 MELANDER AND BRUES. [VoL. 1.

black, basal portion opaque, white dusted, with two patches of black hair
dorsally ; towards the apex very shining. Internal appendages ferruginous.
Lamellae subrectangular, dirty, translucent, white, with brown border, wider
at apex, where it is jagged and bristly. Pleurae very dark green, opaque,
white dusted. Legs, including coxae, totally black, except the anterior tibiae
above and the base of anterior tarsi, which are more or less yellow above,
femora indistinctly tipped with brownish-yellow. Tarsi not ornamented,
hind tarsi with the usual bristles. Wings grayish, tinged with brown in
front and along the veins; costa with a short swelling in the angle which it
makes with the first vein; bend in the fourth vein not very abrupt; second
and third veins much approximated except at tip; no distinct incision at
tip of fifth vein. Tegulae and halteres yellow ; tegular cilia black.

One male, North Park, Colorado, over gooo feet, collected
during July.

This is closely related to ovatus Loew, but is distinct by
the much larger subrectangular lamellae, costa with a swell-
ing, second and third veins more approximated, and wings
brownish in front.

Dolichopus agronomus, sp. Nov.

Femora chiefly black, cilia of inferior orbit pale, middle tibiae yellow, first
joint of hind tarsi with few bristles, hind femora ciliated with short hairs.

Male. Length 3.5 mm., of wing 3mm. Dark metallic green. Probos-
cis and palpi piceous. Face very long, densely covered with bright silvery
pollen, which continues past the antennae as far as the frontal bristles.
Above the antennae it is greenish-white and
not so dense. Antennae long, totally black,
the first two joints short, the third large and
broad, elongated ovate and rather sharply
pointed. Arista black, pubescent, a little longer than the an-
tenna. Postocular cilia black above, pure white below. Thorax

bluish-green, covered with very fine white dust. A median shin-
ing stripe is not at all dusted. Abdomen very strongly com-
pressed toward apex, dark green, white dusted, especially along
Fic. 17-—D. the sides. The extreme basal and apical margins of the seg-
wele antenna ments more or-less free from the dust. Entire abdomen
and lamella. Covered with short black hairs. Hypopygium black, shining,
covered at base with white dust. Internal appendages light yellow.
Lamellae nearly white with an indistinct narrow blackish border; elongate
oval. Each lamella nearly bilaterally symmetrical, but little angulate
inwardly and beset with the usual bristles. _Pleurae greenish-black, dusted
with gray. Coxae of same color as the pleurae, all tipped with yellow, the

)
:

No. 3.] HYGROCELEUTHUS AND DOLICHOPUS. I41I

anterior ones silvery in front. Femora brownish-black, tipped with yellow.
Anterior and middle tibiae yellow, the anterior ones lighter. Posterior tibiae
and tarsi deep black, the former yellow at extreme base. Anterior and mid-
dle tarsi blackened from the tip of first joint. Wings oval, much narrowed
toward the base, hyaline, the veins dark brown. Costal swelling and inci-
sion at tip of fifth vein not well marked. Tegulae and halteres yellow.
Tegular cilia yellow, with a couple of strong black ones intermixed.

Described from one male specimen, collected by Dr. Garry
deN. Hough, at New Bedford, Mass., June 8.

From convergens it differs by the vertex being white polli-
nose, as well as the face. Also the hind femora are ciliated
with short hairs ; the hind tibiae are totally black; the lamellae
of the hypopygium are oval, and the third and fourth veins of
the wing converge less strongly.

From adbiczliatus it differs by the smaller size; longer third
antennal joint, and the black hind tibiae. Moreover, the cilia-
tion of the hind femora of the male is shorter; the lamellae
are not broad and rounded, and are much lighter in color.

From xanthocnemus it can be readily distinguished by the
shorter ciliation of the hind femora and the black hind tibiae.

This is a very peculiar species and superficially resembles the
species of the group pea» although it is otherwise
quite different.

Dolichopus pernix, sp. nov.

Green ; face whitish ; antennae black, arista plain ; infraocular cilia white ;
tegular cilia black ; feet yellow, including fore coxae, tip of hind tibiae con-
spicuously black ; last two joints of male fore tarsi moderately enlarged,
black ; fourth longitudinal vein not broken.

Male. Length 4.75 mm., of wing 4.5mm. Green, shining. Proboscis
piceous, palpi yellow. Face narrow, silvery white, flavescent towards anten-

‘nae. Antennae wide, black, first joint dark brown below ; joints subequal ;
second and third together ovate; third obtusely
pointed ; arista dorsal, sericeous, longer than an-
tenna, inserted at middle of third joint. Vertex
shining green. Postocular cilia except upper five
white. Thoracic dorsum green, more or less shin- Fy, 13.—D. pernix: male

ing, towards front and sides brassy. Abdomen antenna and tip of fore
tarsus.

shining green, sparsely silvery dusted above, becom-
ing thickly at sides and below, cupreous towards tip. Hypopygium piceous,
dusted, greenish towards base, shining on inner surface. Lamellae elongate,

ee MELANDER AND BRUVES. [MorEs!:

light yellow, narrowly margined with black, fringed with dark hairs, inner and
apical angle prolonged into several long filaments. Pleurae glaucous, in differ-
ent parts green, cupreous or piceous, according to angle of vision. Middle
and hind coxae piceous, glaucous. Fore coxae yellow, piceous and dusted
basally on posterior face ; front surface besides the strong apical bristles with
fine dark hairs which are supplanted by lighter ones on proximal portion.
Legs yellow except apex of hind tibiae, hind tarsi, and last two joints, of
front tarsi. The middle and front tarsi increase in density of color from
tip of first joint. Hind femora not ciliated, with a subterminal bristle.
Hind tibiae not glabrous inwardly. Front tarsi slender, as are the tibiae,
nearly twice the length of the tibiae ; first joint longest, a little shorter than
two following ; second and third subequal, fourth shortest, fourth and fifth
together about equal to third ; fourth and fifth joints flattened. Empodia
distinct, yellowish. Wings long, hyaline ; costa with a small tubercle at
juncture of first vein ; third vein converging towards fourth ; bend in fourth
vein slight; at tip of fifth vein a broad, shallow sinus ; anal portion moder-
ately prominent. Tegulae and halteres yellow, the former with long black
cilia.

One male taken by Mr. Clermont Livingston at Corfield,
Vancouver Island, May 21, 1896.

Though closely related to dsczfer, it appears quite distinct.
The more evident points of difference are these:

Pernix: First antennal joint not red beneath; arista inserted
near middle of third joint of antenna; numerous dark hairs on
anterior face of fore coxae; tip of hind tibiae evidently black
for some distance ; fourth tarsal joint flattened, black ; wings
not evidently narrowed at base.

Discifer: First antennal joint reddish on under side; arista
-beyond middle of third antennal joint ; front coxae with white
hairs (dark hairs on inner side of female, only) ; hind tibiae
dark at only extreme tip and less on outer side; fifth tarsal
joint only black; wings rather narrowed towards base.

The proportion of the tarsi to the tibiae is also different, as
is also the comparative length of the tarsal joints.

Dolichopus pantomimus, sp. nov.

Green; face narrow, light brown; antennae black with simple arista ;
cilia of inferior orbit pale; cilia of tegulae black; feet yellow, includ-
ing front coxae and excepting tip of hind tibiae and tarsi, not ornamented
in the male excepting femoral brush ; fourth vein not broken.

No. 3.] HYGROCELEUTHUS AND DOLICHOPUS. 143

Male. Length 4mm., of wing 3 mm. Bright metallic green, somewhat
brassy. - Proboscis piceous, palpi ferruginous at tip with few dark hairs.
Face very narrow, with eyes almost contiguous at middle, thickly overlaid
with ferruginous dust, shining. Antennae black, sericeous, not noticeably
bristly ; second joint closely applied to the third; first joint equal to second
on inner side; third joint long, pointed, equal to first two together. Arista
finely pubescent, arising from middle of upper surface of second and third
joints taken together. Vertex green, shining. Infraocular cilia white.
Thorax with dorsum bright green, cupreous anterior to wing insertion,
dusted in front ; with an indication of two brown median longitudinal lines
in front. Abdomen dorsally bright green, cupreous tinged ; the posterior
margins of segments blackened. Hypopygium wholly
piceous, somewhat shining, and finely sericeous. La-
mellae in length equal to antennae, white translucent,
with a jagged, moderately wide black apical border,
and closely fringed with black hairs at tip. Pleurae,
sides of abdomen, and base of posterior fore coxae
dark green, glaucous. Fore coxae wholly yellow,
rather sparsely beset with pale hair, besides the apical
bristles. Legs plain, yellow; hind femora with an.
ante-apical bristle and ciliated below with not long Fic. 19.—D.pantomimus :
yellow hairs ; hind tibiae stouter than the others, and male antenna and
with a long glabrous streak on hind surface, black at 5 ase
tip for one-seventh its length ; hind tarsi entirely black, anterior pairs darker
towards tip, but not black. Empodia very small, silvery. Wings narrow,
tinged somewhat dark gray ; costa, at tip of first vein, with an evident knot;

fourth longitudinal vein not broken ; hind margin entire at tip of fifth vein ;
anal angle rather strong.

A single male from New Bedford, Mass., collected May 30,
by Dr. Garry deN. Hough.

Related to Loew’s melanocerus, but differs in the smaller
size, color of the hairs of the fore coxae, which are not black
at base, anterior tarsi not black, and the narrowed darker face.

Dolichopus renidescens, sp. Nov.

Green ; shining ; face broad, light brown, antennae black, with a plain
arista ; vertex violet; cilia of inferior orbit white, of tegulae black ; legs
yellow, except tips of the tarsi and hind legs from outer portion of hind
tibiae, not ornamented except the ciliation of hind femora; fourth vein not
broken.

Length 4.5-5 mm., of wing the same. Bright green, shining, darker on
thoracic dorsum, almost bluish. Proboscis piceous, palpi brunneous. Face

144 MELANDER AND BRUES. [Vot. I.

broad. Antennae dull black, sericeous, short, with slender, dark, sericeous
arista, once and a half the length of the antenna ; third joint a little shorter
than the first two together, broadly oval, rounded but obtusely pointed at
apex; second joint with circlet of hairs. Front violet. Upper seven of
postocular cilia black, rest pale yellow. Thoracic dorsum bluish-green,
brilliantly shining except for indications of longitudinal dusted rows; scu-
tellum and ante-scutellar region purer green. Abdomen shining green,
with brassy tinge, lightly dusted. Pleurae glaucous on a green foundation.
Middle and hind coxae, except tip, and extreme base of fore coxae of same
color as pleurae. Front coxae with black
pubescence on anterior face. Legs largely
yellow, the hind femora with two ante-

apical bristles; fore and middle legs dark
Ecko from tip of first tarsal joint; hind tarsi
Fic. 20.—D.renides black, hind tibiae infuscated at tip.

as Wings hyaline, normal, a slight sinus at
and lamella.

tip of fifth longitudinal. Tegulae yellow
with rather long black cilia. Halteres yellow.

Male. Face ferruginous. Hypopygium piceous with brassy
green tinge; sericeous below, shining inwardly ; internal ap-
pendages yellow. Lamellae clavate, broad, white translucent,
rather broadly margined with black at extremity, apex jagged and fringed
with rather long, slender, nearly straight, black hairs. Hind tibiae with a
long, narrow glabrous streak, more evident near tip, on hind face. Anal
angle of wing full; costa thickened at junction with humeral vein.

Female. Face with gray dust. First antennal joint a little longer than
in male. Hind tibiae not glabrous, the apical infuscation not evident. Anal

angle of wing rounded ; costa not thickened.

Two males and one female from North Park, Colorado, col-
lected at an altitude of over gooo feet during July.

The shorter antennae, broader face, violet front, more ex-
tended margination of hypopygial lamellae, and the closer
ciliation with brown hairs of the hind femora which possess
two ante-apical bristles, distinguish this species from mela-
nocerus Loew.

Dolichopus apheles, sp. nov.

Green; face ochraceous ; antennae black, with a simple arista; infra-
orbital cilia white; tegular cilia black; feet plain, yellow, except tips of
hind femora and tibiae black ; hind tarsi black; fore coxae yellow with dark
hairs ; fourth longitudinal vein not broken.

Male. Length 5 mm., of wing 4 mm. Not so brightly colored as in
most species, largely green. Proboscis piceous, palpi roseous yellow. Face

No. 3. HYGROCELEUTHUS AND DOLICHOPUS. LA5
: 45

ochraceous. Antennae sericeous, black, except underside of first joint, which
is indistinctly reddish, very like those of a female Hygroceleuthus, first
joint longer than second, short, hairy above ; second with a crown of black
bristles ; third short, deep, subtriangular. Arista sericeous. Vertex blue
green in certain lights, violet in others, somewhat shining. Infraocular
cilia pale ; six of the supraocular cilia black. Thorax dull, bluish on dor-
sum; posterior declivity and scutellum shining green. Abdomen shining
green dorsally, cupreous toward apex, transverse margins of segments pice-
ous. Hypopygium piceous with greenish tint, shining, and not sericeous on
inner face ; lamellae rounded, rather short, white translucent, with a narrow,
black, apical border, jagged and fringed with black hairs.
Pleurae glaucous, as are the middle and hind coxae, except
tips. Front coxae yellow with a basal glaucous-piceous
spot on the outer side ; front surface with a coating of short
black hairs, besides apical bristles. Legs yellow, entirely

unornamented ; the darker places are: hind tarsi and outer
fourth of hind tibiae black, tip of hind femora more evi- Fic. 21. — D.
dently on upper surface black; the infuscation of fore and — @/e/es: male
middle tarsi begins at middle of first joint. Hind femora oe
with a single ante-apical bristle and not ciliated beneath; hind tibiae with
no evidently glabrous space. Wings normal, rather dusky anteriorly ;
without costal thickening at tip of first vein; fourth vein unbroken, beyond
bend gradually converging with third, but almost subparallel with it; no
indention in posterior margin; anal angle full. Tegulae and halteres yellow,
tegular cilia black, rather short and stout.

One male collected by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler near Milwaukee,
Wis., June 28, 1895.

This unique species is allied nearest to those species grouped
about melanocerus Loew and zuczsuralis Loew.

The addition of the last four species has necessitated the
following modification of Divisions 52 to 56 of Professor
Aldrich’s table.

52. Front legs of male ornamented . : ; : : : : 2
Front legs plain : . : : A : 3

2. Fourth joint of fore tarsi a Pale not flat : 5 . adisctifer Stan.
Fourth joint of fore tarsi of male flat, black : . pernix sp. nov.

3. Antennae wholly black; hind femora of male ciliated . : : 4
First antennal joint lighter below F : ; : ; ; 6

4. Front coxae with light hairs : : : . pantominius sp. Nov.
Front coxae with dark hairs in front . : . : : : 5

1 Kan. Univ. Quart. Vol. ii, No. 1, p. 5.

146 MELANDER AND BRUES. T VOL. lg

5. Face rather narrow; front green : . . melanocerus Loew
Face broad ; front violet . : : . vrenidescens sp. nov.
6. Femora of hind legs of male aliatedv not blackened . : ; 7
Male hind femora not ciliated, black at tip : apheles sp. nov.
7. Front coxae with black pubescence . : 2 : : : 8
Front coxae with white pubescence . ; . platyprosopus Loew
8. Bristles of hind tibiae long : < g . . setosus Loew
Bristles of hind tibiae normal. : ‘ ; inctsuralis Loew

56. pracustus, etc.
Dolichopus amphericus, sp. nov.

Light green ; antennae yellow, except third joint and tip of second ; fore
tarsi ornamented ; femora yellow; postocular cilia pale below; tegular cilia
black, hind tibiae not black at tip.

Male. Length 6.5-7 mm., of wing 5.5-6 mm. Light coppery green
with much white dust. Proboscis piceous, palpi testaceous. Face of
medium width, about four times as long as broad, thickly covered with
brilliant yellow dust. Front shining green. Antennae rather elongate ;
first joint yellow, with many short black hairs above ; second joint yellow
at base, becoming black at apex; third joint black, sericeous, obtusely

Fic. 22.—a, D. amphericus, male wing; 4, D. coloradensis, male wing;
c, D. amphericus, lamella; d, D. amphericus, male fore tarsus.

pointed at apex. Arista less than twice as long as antenna, very distinctly
pubescent. Postocular cilia black above and light yellow on lower three-
fourths. Thorax light green, coppery on the disc; slightly opaque by the
presence of light yellow dust. Dorsally there is a deep coppery longitudinal
stripe. Abdomen shining green, white dusted. The white dust is so thick
as to obscure the ground color on the lower part of the sides. Incisures
coppery. Hypopygium black, shining, except at base, where it is white
dusted. Near the base bearing a large patch of black hair. Internal
appendages ferruginous ; lamellae very pale yellow, with a wide, sharp bor-
der of black at apex, where they are bristly and deeply toothed. Outer
tooth bearing at its tip a strong, curved bristle. Pleurae greenish-black,

INOn 3.3] HVGROCELECTAHOS AND DOLICHOP US: 147

white dusted. Fore coxae yellow with white pubescence in front, at apex
and inwardly with black hairs. Middle and hind coxae of same color as
the pleurae, yellow only at extreme tip. The middle pair with white hairs
in front. Legs yellow. Fore tarsi ornamented; the first two joints long
and slender, first about once and a half the length of the second; third
less than one-half the length of the first, much enlarged at apex, where it is
infuscated ; fourth joint small, shorter than the third, flattened, velvety
black ; fifth oval, about one-half as long as the first, broadly compressed,
deep black and fringed on anterior edge with black hairs; empodia silvery
white. Middle tarsi infuscated from tip of first joint. Hind femora not
ciliated ; hind tibiae wholly yellow with a dorsal, apical, glabrous stripe ;
hind tarsi wholly black. Tegulae and halteres yellow; tegular cilia black.
Wings narrow, nearly hyaline, slightly brownish in front ; costa with no notice-
able swelling ; fourth vein not broken; distinctly lobed at tip of sixth vein.

Female. Length 5.5-6.5 mm., of wing 6.25-6.75 mm. Face yellowish-
gray. Front tarsi plain, infuscated from tip of first joint, the second and
third joints lighter at base, giving the tarsus a somewhat banded appear-
ance. Wings darker and longer than in the male; only a faint indication
of the preanal lobe.

Two males and three females from Price County, Wis. ;
collected by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler.

This species resembles co/oradensis Aldrich, from which it
differs by the larger size, bright yellow face, lighter antennae,
brownish wings, and white hair on front face of anterior coxae.

Together with flagellitenens Wheeler, amphericus possesses
greatly enlarged metapleurae which give a winged appearance
to the first abdominal segment. The posterior portion of the
metapleurae is dull black and pubescent.

The following localities are those of species in the collection
of Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler:

Group Hygroceleuthus.

latipes Lw. Wisconsin, IIlinois. fornia, Washington, Wyoming,
var. cognatus, Illinois, Massa- Idaho.
chusetts. consanguineus Wheeler. California.
Aldrichit Wheeler. Idaho, Wyo- var. propinguus. Vancouver
ming, Colorado. Island.
plumipes Scop. Colorado. Van- affictus O.S. Arizona, California,
couver. Washington.
Wheelertti M. et B. Massachusetts. cé/éatus Ald. Wvoming, South
amnicola M. et B. Colorado. Dakota.

crenatus O. S. Vancouver, Cali- dahoensis Ald. Idaho.

148 MELANDER AND BRUES.

Group Dolichopus.

partitus M. et B. Colorado.

paluster M. et B. California.

laticornis Lw. Wisconsin, Wyo-
ming.

intentus M. e¢ B. Illinois.

incongruus Wheeler. Wisconsin.

gratus Lw. Illinois, Wisconsin.

calcaratus Ald. Massachusetts.

detersus Lw. illinois, Wisconsin.

myosota O.S. California.

calainus M. et B. Illinois.

acuminatus Lw. Illinois, Wisconsin.

ovatus Lw. Wisconsin.

enigma M. et B. Colorado.

setifer Lw. Wisconsin, Massachu-
setts.

albiciliatus Lw. Massachusetts,
Illinois, Wisconsin.

agronomus M. et B. Massachusetts.

vanthocnemus Lw. Vancouver
Island.

pachycnemus Lw. Massachusetts.

longimanus Lw. Wisconsin, Mas-
sachusetts.

albicoxa Ald. Massachusetts, Illi-
nois.

brevimanus Lw. Massachusetts,
New Hampshire.

socius Lw. Massachusetts, New Jer-
sey, Wisconsin.

palaestricus Lw. Illinois, New
Hampshire.

splendidus Lw. Ontario, Michigan,
Illinois.

splendidulus Lw. Illinois, New
Hampshire.

batillifer Lw. Massachusetts.

tonsus Lw. Massachusetts.

tener Lw. Wisconsin.

variabilis Lw. Illinois, Wisconsin.

lutiepennis Lw. Vancouver Island.

bifractus Lw. Massachusetts, Illi-
nois, Nebraska.

obcordatus Ald. Wyoming, Idaho.

ramifer Lw. Illinois, Texas, Wyo-
ming.

vittatus Lw. Illinois, Wisconsin.

cuprinus Wied. Illinois, Wisconsin,
Wyoming. ;

longipennis Lw. Vancouver Island.

flagellitenens Wheeler. Illinois,
Wisconsin.

comatus Lw. Massachusetts, Ili-
nois, Wisconsin.

pernix M. et B, Vancouver Island.

melanocerus Lw. Massachusetts.

pantomimus M. et B. Massachusetts.

renidescens M. et B. Colorado.

apheles M. et B. Wisconsin.

setosus Lw. Massachusetts, Van-
couver Island.

gracilis Ald. Wisconsin.

angustatus Ald. Massachusetts.

lobatus Lw. Illinois, Wisconsin,
Michigan.

coloradensis Ald. Colorado.

amphericus M. et B. Wisconsin.

Henshawi Wheeler. Massachusetts.

marginatus Ald. Massachusetts,
New Jersey.

scoparius Lw. Massachusetts, Illi-
nois, Wisconsin.

canaliculatus Thomson. California.

duplicatus Ald. Idaho.

Coguilletti Ald. Idaho, Vancouver
Island.

tenuipes Ald. Idaho, California.

occidentalis Ald. Idaho, Vancouver
Island.

scapularis Lw. Wisconsin.

germanus Wheeler. Wisconsin,
Wyoming.

grandis Ald. California.

sexarticulatus Lw. Illinois, Louis-
jana.

Willistonii Ald. Kansas,

terminalis Lw. Wisconsin.

sarotes Lw. Wisconsin.

ee

GUESTS AND PARASITES OF THE BURROWING
BEE HALICTUS:

AXEL LEONARD MELANDER anp CHARLES THOMAS BRUES.

[Reprinted from BroLocicAL BULLETIN, Vol. V., No. 1, June, 1903. |

GUESTS.AND “PARASITES OF THE BURROWING
BER VIIA EICruUSs:

AXEL LEONARD MELANDER anp CHARLES THOMAS BRUES.

During the months of summer every roadside presents a field
of busy insect-activity, as varied and interesting as it is unseen
and unheeded. Those insects, however, that we do notice are
seen during their idling moments and hence we are generally ac-
customed to stigmatize all as idlers with no aim beyond song or
frolic. But insects have a busy life—another phase of their
existence which many of us overlook. If we inspect some road-
side more attentively we shall be surprised to see many of the
self-same idlers working with diligence. Spurred by parental
anxiety these insects excavate their nests and store them with
food, doing for their young what their parents have done for
them.

Out of this multiplicity of insect-life we shall select as an
example one of the burrowing bees of the genus Hadictus, and
endeavor to tell what may be seenonany summer day. /alictus
(Chloralictus) pruinosus Robertson is a brilliant greenish bee,
measuring about one third of an inch in length, which lives over
an extended range, occurring from New Mexico, through Illinois,
to Massachusetts. It is the commonest Halictine at Woods
Hole, in the last-mentioned state, where the following observa-
tions were made. During the early part of summer these bees
commence their excavations along the roadsides wherever a
sandy slope presents a favorable situation, and continue their
activities until early autumn, the colonies increasing in size, and
becoming more closely settled as the season advances. They
seem to be in the height of their vigor during the early part of
September in this region. Although their social instincts are

not so highly developed as those of Afzs or Bombus, these bees
I

2 MELANDER AND BRUES.

depart in their habits from the strictly solitary bees in that a
male and two or three females are generally necessary for the
successful direction of a single menage. Moreover, a large
number of nests are usually associated as a colony which may
be scattered over a considerable distance or so populous that the
tunnels almost intersect by their irregularities. The openings to
the nests, however, are always separated by a distance of two or
three inches or more. It can thus be readily seen that Halzctus
lives under conditions more or less similar to those of their more
gregarious relatives, the ants, and hence it is not surprising that
they are forced to harbor the same class of guests, and to be
exposed to the same vicissitudes as are their cousins.

In constructing their nests the bees dig by means of their
mandibles in the sandy clay, forming a hole of a diameter only
slightly greater than will admit the largest female. The wall is
then banked up with a plaster formed by the aid of saliva. Im-
mediately behind the entrance is a short blind passageway, only
large enough to allow a bee to turn on itself within.

This niche, which is always less than an inch from the entrance,
serves simply to allow the bees to pass one another in the in-
terior of the nest. From this point the gallery extends nearly
straight back into the hill side, for a distance of a few inches and
then slopes downward to the end—a total length of a foot or
so. Near the further end jut a number of small diverticula
radially extending from the main tunnel.

These are the nurseries of the young bees, where are stored the
pollen and honey which is destined to serve as food for the bee
larve of the coming generation. The excavation of the tunnels
is a matter of considerable toil, requiring many days for its com-
pletion, but so industriously do the little bees work that at the
close of day a miniature mound of sand has accumulated on the
hill-slope below the opening. During the warm portions of the
day the site of each colony of nests is a scene of inspiring activ-
ity. The air is filled with an ever-changing swarm of bees, each
bent on its own task of excavation or of collecting honey and
pollen, while from the openings of completed nests others can be
seen peering about and eying everything that comes within their
range of perception. At night everything is quiet, the trespas-

GUESTS AND PARASITES OF HALICTUS. 3
sers and robbers, too, have ceased their work, and the colony
slumbers in peace.

The structure of the nest was ascertained by the ingenious
plaster-cast method advocated by Prof. J. B. Smith. By this
means the galleries of Halictus are seen to depart but little from
those of the other burrowing bees. A passage-way for exit and
entrance in addition to the regular one opening on the dumping
ground, such as is constructed by Augochlora humeralis Patton,!
was never noticed in the case of //. pruinosus, the vigilance re-
quired to guard two openings having probably prevented such an
extravagance. All the burrows which we dug out, a dozen or so.
in number, extended in a nearly horizontal direction, and were
always built on the very steep slopes along the roadsides. By

Fig. 1. Diagram of //a/ictus nest. a@, plan; 4, elevation.

this means none of the excavated dirt accumulated about the
doorway, which was even cleared of all débris with but little effort
on the part of the bee. The relatives of pruznosus in Texas,
morphologically of the same species, select a level spot for their
nesting-site, dig vertical burrows, and place the accumulated dirt
in an irregular cone about the opening. A photograph of these
nests is given for comparison.

During the latter part of nest-construction when the pollen has
been gathered and the eggs laid, their home is continually threat-
ened by thieves and kidnappers against whom a guarded watch-
fulness must be maintained. The sentinels are generally the

1J. B. Smith, Proc. Am. Ass. Adv. Sct., 1898, p. 368.

4 MELANDER AND BRUES.

males, who sit at the doorway, their rounded heads neatly filling
out the entrance. When the female returns pollen-laden, the
little guard slips into the first side passage while she enters, and
then as quickly returns to his post. The incomers are perceived
at a distance of half a foot, probably announced by the buzzing
of their wings. Even when the little watchers can not see the
female coming they dart half way out of their retreat at her ap-
proach. With antenne vibrating and mandibles spread the males

either manifest a joyful greeting for their nest-mates or show an

equal degree of hostility towards any stranger that may venture
too near.

The most dreaded of the enemies of the //a/icti is perhaps the
little velvet ant, J/utilla canadensis Blake, which is common
nearly everywhere in North America, running about on the nests
of these bees, its distribution practically coinciding with that of
this species. Perhaps it is the stridulation produced by the ab-
domen of these intruders that arouses the ire of the guard at the
door, for no sooner does one approach a nest than the watcher,
if it be a female, rushes out and pounces upon the J/utla, en-
deavoring to sting it to death. Down the hill-slope they roll,
heedless of everything but an inborn desire to annihilate each

TN

GUESTS AND PARASITES OF HALICTUS. 5

other. The Juilla, too, is armed with a powerful sting, half the
length of her abdomen, but the sagacious Ha/ictus grasps her
enemy about the waist and most successfully evades the sharp
thrusts. These combats continue for many minutes, concluded
either by the invulnerable J/uéi//a slipping from the bee’s grasp,
for her body is hard and sleek, or by the death of the more
plucky Halctus. Each colony, where everything seemingly is
peace and content, is thus turned into a field of carnage, with the
bodies of one or more females ruthlessly tumbled to the bottom
of the hill. If the bee escapes unscathed, which happily is the
more usual outcome of these struggles, she spends a few moments
in preening her body, and then returns to her nest. But no

Fic. 3. Nest of Haltctus at Woods Holl, Mass.

greeting awaits her after her loyal struggle. When she hurriedly
left the nest the male waiting his turn in the tunnel below quickly
took her place as guard at the door, and now he blocks the
entrance as obstinately as though it were a stranger begging
admittance. The taint of J/uiil/a is still to be recognized on the
body of the female and probably overpowers her family smell.
For quite a minute she must remain at the door parleying with
her mate before he is convinced of her identity.

This observation is of interest when considering the organic
dependence of instinct. Fear of J/usil/a has been cultivated

6 MELANDER AND BRUES.

through natural selection and heredity till it manifests itself in the
actions just recorded. But the conduct of the male towards his
nest-mate, an inhospitable act which a gleam of reasoning intelli-
gence would not permit under the circumstances, lends itself
rather to the theory of a mechanical instinct, actuated in this
case by the chemical nature of J7Zuzi//a’s poison. If this be so it
will be questioned why the bee does not behave as when Muztzlla
itself approaches. Does the mixture of J/util/a-influence and
Flalictus-influence compel an impassive head-on greeting while

Fic. 4. Combat. between JZuét//a and Halictus. ‘‘ Down the hill they roll heed-
less of everything but an inborn desire to annihilate each other.’’

Mutilla alone induces the male-watcher to turn tail in the manner
described on the next page ?

One little bee once displayed an originality not noticed again.
For fully twenty minutes she had waited at the entrance of her
home, gently urging admission by advancing to the nest-opening
once each minute. The male would retreat a short distance each
time but not sufficiently far to admit the female, who would then
retire, resting with her antenne almost touching those of the

.

GUESTS AND PARASITES OF HALICTUS. 7

stubborn gate-keeper. Finally she turned about and crept back-
ward to the male, resting a moment with her sting before his
face. When she now turned, the male seemed convinced, and
the wearied female entered in the usual way. In this case did
the female flaunt her own poison to overcome that of J/ut//a as
a passport to her home? It might seem so; but the simplicity
of such a physiological action is quite equalled by the complex-
ity of the intelligence displayed.

When a male bee guards the opening the approach of Mutilla
produces a far different effect upon the watcher. Instead of
rushing out on the marauder, the defenseless male adopts the less
foolhardy measure of ‘turning tail,” but still keeps at the en-
trance of the nest. Now the convex abdomen neatly fits the
opening, forming a parasitic-proof shield, and Mutilla must needs
leave. When no other bee is behind a female watcher, she never
rushes out, leaving the nest unguarded, but adopts a manceuvre
similar to the male’s, but instead of inflexibly curving her abdo-
men over the opening, she reaches afar with her sting.

Canadensis, however, is not the only Mutillid that worries the
Halictines. On numerous occasions MZyrmosa unicolor Say * and
Mutilla infensa sp. nov. were found crawling about, but these species
do not appear to have become nearly so annoying. From one
square meter of //a/ictus-colony fully fifty specimens of canadensis
were taken during the summer, whereas in all but ten specimens
of the Myrmosa were observed. Mutilla ferrugata Fabr. and
vesta Cresson were also found prowling over the nests, though
these species are doubtless parasitic on the larger burrowing in-
sects which associate with Halictus, for the large size of their
bodies would not permit entrance into the Halictus nests. More-
over, they may crawl quite close to the doorkeeper and elicit no
attention; possibly their stridulation is pitched to an unrespon-
sive key and their odor stimulates no reaction.

Almost as ardent a persecutor of the bees is to be found ina

1Tt is time to abandon superfluous names. /yrmosa unicolor Say, described as a
male, and MW. thoracica Blake, described as a female, have paraded in collections
quite long enough as distinct species. Inasmuch as Mr. H. L. Viereck has recently
taken the initiative (Zw¢. News, 1902, p. 72) in consolidating some of the species of
Mutillidze, we shall follow him in the nomenclature of this paper. The males of this

species fly abundantly among the roadside flowers, in company with males of cana-
lensis and ferrugata (castor Blake = Lepeleterit Fox [ fenestrata Lepeletier] ).

8 MELANDER AND BRUES.

new species of Phora.' This little fly takes a stand near an open-
ing and patiently awaits an unguarded moment. Then she quickly
slips in to deposit an egg in the pollen so industriously stored.
One Phora persisted in her attempts to enter for several hours.
Driven back a half inch by the doorkeeper she gradually and
slowly returned until she nearly touched his face. Thenasudden
lunge half way out of the nest on the part of the bee would drive
her back again. This was repeated over and over, the dogged-
ness of the parasite and her slow approach seeming to exasperate
the little watcher. By turning his head he tried to follow her
movements, but from their very slowness was unable to discern
her position. Only when his palpi were touched would he make
a sudden dart. hora depends on her agility as well as on her
deliberateness. On each return of the female bee, after a fifteen-
minute foraging trip, the parasite would jump about excitedly
and possibly would get a chance to oviposit on the pollen mass
during a dart at the bee. A moment’s rest on the threshold
would grant the nervous little fly ample time to infect the unsus-
pecting bee. The behavior of the bees towards Phora is quite
different from the action of ants towards these guests. Unless
irritated by the persistence of the parasite, H/a/ictus is passive
and does not notice its presence. Even the incoming females dc
not see the fly at a distance of half an inch. On the other hand,
ants are put in a state of fright by the proximity of these flies.
During the attacks of the ant-decapitating phorid, Apocephalus
Pergandet Cog. upon the species of Camponotus, ferruginea in
the north, and maculatus var. sansabeanus in the south, the ants
rush in the wildest excitement with wide-spread mandibles at the
agile fly. Can this difference result from the bees never seeing
their offspring and being consequently unaware of their fate,
whereas the ants have a personal acquaintance with the ravages
of these parasites? It might seem so, but we must remember
that in the case of Pachycondyla harpax, at least, a phorid larva
is not only tolerated in the nest, but is also fed by its host.? In
this case, however, no harm is done to the species by the pres-
ence of the fly, whereas with H/a/ictus it must mean the death ot
the brood.

1P. halictorum, described in the sequel.
2 Wheeler, W. M., Am. Nat., 1901, p. 1007et seg.

GUESTS AND PARASITES OF HALICTUS. 9

The most conspicuous of the smaller Hymenoptera that fre-
quent these grounds is a little species of Loxotropa. Time and
again this insect was observed crawling stealthily over the nest-
colony, tapping its antenne on the ground as it moved. During
this deliberate progress it covers an inch in four seconds, but as
soon as its nears a selected opening its movement slows down to
an almost imperceptible advance. Still holding its long and
clubbed antennz extended straight forward, their tapping now
reduced to a slight nervous vibration, it gradually insinuates itself
into the nest, even beneath the very jaws of the gatekeeper.
Often after crawling so far into the nest that only the tip of its
abdomen is visible, it finds the nest unsuitable. Then it deliber-
ates no longer, but makes a hasty exit, leaving the astonished

Fic. 5. Loxotropa ruficornis Ashm. AHalictus, . Phora cata, sp. nov.

sentinel to reach in vain with questioning antenne for its bold
and impudent disturber.

As interested an observer of the incoming bees as is the Phora,
is a tachinid fly. This species hovers over the breeding ground
and suddenly circles over a particular hole. Is it attracted to
the nest by the hollowness of the sound of its vibrating wings as
it flies over an opening, or does it discern the state of advance-
ment of the household below by an instinct less mechanical ?
Like its relatives, this species chooses the moment when the
incoming bee pauses at her threshold quickly and quietly to
oviposit on her pollen mass and thus infect her offspring.

IO MELANDER AND BRUES.

A number of ants, foragers from near-by nests, are always to
be found on the nesting-ground. These belong to harmless
species which do not molest the bees. When an ant and a bee
meet on the nest there is no encounter, each retreating good-na-
turedly to go her own way. The Stenammas, especially, have a
stridulatory note as plaintive as that of A/ut//a, yet this is unno-
ticed by the bees; even the watchers rest unaroused in their
doorways while the ants pass them by. The little red thief ant
is also found nesting in the midst of the bee-colony. Evidently
it is here to ply its vocation of tunnelling into the chambers of
the bees to steal from them their honey.

The little beetle, Aeocera concolor, seems quite at home with
the bees. Although it belongs to a family of fungus-beetles, it,
nevertheless, must have some intimate connection with the bees,
as it was repeatedly observed running familiarly in and out of the
nests. It is quite possible that it may live upon the pollen in
deserted nests which has become mouldy by the growth of fungus
hyphe. The mixture of pollen and honey is thus readily turned
into a mass of fungus under certain conditions.

The woes of the Halicti are not yet at anend. Another insect
Is aS persevering in its depredations as its colleagues, and accom-
plishes by boldness what the others try by stealth. This is a
larger foe, Philanthus punctatus by name, which audaciously
builds its nest in the center of the //alictus colony, and when
ready swoops down on a bee, stings it to death, and carries it
home. Not one but many bees meet this death at the sting of
their unsuspected neighbor, who plans her murders so that they
take place at the flowers where the bees are at work.

When we consider the persistence of the Mutillas we can ap-
preciate the extent to which specialization in keeping the nest
parasite-proof has been carried by this bee. Seldom are the
entrances left unguarded, and never is a stranger bee granted ad-
mission. In this respect Halictus is far more conservative than
the wasp 7rypoxrylon. Although mistakes in selecting their own
domicile from a cluster of fifty similar nests were frequently
made, the watchers always recognized these visitors as strangers
and were instantly ready to show fight. 7Zrypoxylon, a wasp
which also guards its doorways, on the contrary, makes no ob-

ee a ee ae eee

SS ee

_

GUESTS AND PARASITES OF HALICTUS. Il

jection to the free entrance of visitors of the other sex, as has
been shown by the Peckhams.’ JZutilla canadensis appears to
be the most dreaded enemy, as it alone is noticed by the
bees. With a little reasoning ability many of the other parasites
could be readily annihilated, whereas no move is made for pro-
tection against these foes except by the guard at the door. But
how are the bees to know, even in the case of J/uz//a, that their
guests mean harm to their progeny? Probably they do not ina
strict sense. It is evident, however, that the instinct of guarding
the entrance to the nest could have been developed through the

Fic. 6. Stethopathus occidentalis, sp. nov., lateral view.

action of natural selection of favorable variations in habit, while it
would be difficult to derive a number of specific reactions towards
the different guests in the same manner. The very commonness
of Mutilla and its conspicuous size are probably the reason that
a specific reaction has been developed in this single case.
Halictus is far less sensitive to its surroundings than many of
the fossorial wasps are, coming and going even though we dis-
1¢< Instincts and Habits of the Solitary Wasps,”’ p. 79, 1897.

12 MELANDER AND BRUES.

turbed the nest and remained close by. Its one fear is centered
in Mutlla, With thief-ants to rob its nests, parasites to prey on
its offspring, and in constant danger of being carried away bodily
by a wasp, itself numerous in individuals, it is remarkable that
Halictus should have become a dominating type throughout such
a wide territory.

This ends the list of the enemies of the bees as we have ob-
served them. Many other insects abound on the nesting-site,
but most of these, at least, are accidental visitors which neither
harm nor are harmed. Several beetles, spiders, flies and other
insects are included in this list which we give for reference in
conclusion. The smaller species live near the Halictus as they
would do anywhere, and not through preference, and the larger
ones in part are attracted to our observation ground to prey on
the smaller. These transients are such as a careful observation
of any limited field would bring to notice. They are the partici-
pants in life’s continual struggle, each seriously and unwittingly
playing its part.

PART 2WoO;

A List OF THE INSECTS, INCLUDING THE ACCIDENTAL VISITORS,
Founp ABOUT THE COLONIES OF HALICTUS PRUINOSUS,
ROBERTSON, AT Woops Hote, Mass.
Juty—AuGusST, 1902.

Class ARACHNIDA.
Epeirid sp.
A minute larval spider was several times seen. It has no
connection with the Hadictus.

Bathyphantes formica Emerton.

Quite a number of specimens of this strange spider were ob-
served running in their zigzag course over the ground. Like
the last it is an accidental visitor, occurring on the colony during
its search for food. We are indebted to Mr. Nathan Banks for
the determination of this species.

GUESTS AND PARASITES OF HALICTUS. 13

Acarina spp.

Two species of mites were obtained, one of which (4ryobia
pratensis Garm. ?) occurred in numbers.

Class MYRIAPODA, DIPLOPODA.
Polyxenes fasciculatus Say.

Numerous specimens found crawling about on the sand.

Class INSECTA.
Order Thysanura.

The genus Podura, represented by many specimens, was found
associated with the former.

Order Hemiptera.
Aleurodes sp.

The larval form of an Aleyrodid was discovered on the nest.
Probably it is that of A. corm Hald., the commonest form of the

Atlantic States.
Order Diptera.

Family CHIRONOMID.

Ceratopogon hollensis sp. nov.

Third vein in part confluent with the first, ending much beyond the
middle of the wing, wings in large part hairy, not uniform in coloration,
but not spotted; eyes well separated ; tarsal claws simple, of an equal
length ; legs not spinose beneath : metatarsus much longer than the second
tarsal joint.

Female. — Head fuscous, proboscis black. Antennz fuscous, the joints
uniformly moniliform, slightly longer than broad, the last two joints longer.
Eyes widely separated, the front yellowish. Mesonotum pruinose, sparsely
and uniformly covered with short black bristles. Abdomen dark fuscous,
lightly gray pruinose, apically hairy. Pleuree paler fuscous, smooth. Hal-
teres dark fuscous, the stems paler. Legs slender, uniformly yellowish,
except that the knees, and the tips of the femoral and tarsal joints are very
narrowly black ; tibia provided with several simple long but slender hairs
on the outer edge; no bristles below, tarsi somewhat hairy, claws small,
uniform, simple, empodium small. Wings sparsely covered with short
bristle-like hairs, more or less serially arranged. These become obsolete
at the very base, cinerascent with a pale brown tinge becoming stronger
along the basal part of the course of the anterior heavy veins, gradually
interrupted in front of the anterior cross-vein, then gradually recommencing

14 MELANDER AND BRUES.

to end abruptly before the tip of the first vein. The crotch of the furcation
of the light vein crossing the anterior cross-vein is darkened by an accumu-
lation of pigment and by an increase in the number of hairs.

Length, 0.85 mm.

Woods Hole, Massachusetts, August, 1902.

The nearest relative of this species is C. varipennis Coq.

It is not unlikely that the species is an halictophile, as it was
several times seen upon the nests, thus suggesting its myrme-
cophilous relatives. It may also be the cause of the presence of
some of the proctotrypidze here listed, as some of them are
known to prey on the larve of various species of the genus.
This is the case with Adeliopria Ashm., a Diapriid, which is
parasitic on a Texan species of Cvratopogon.'

Family MycreTropui.Lip&.
Sciara sp.

A Sciara would frequently fly over the nesting-site and alight
on the open ground. It is an accidental visitor more at home in

the nearby grass.
Family PHoRID®.

Phora halictorum sp. nov.

Female.—Length, 1.5-2.25 mm. Head black, subshining, antennz
black ; palpi dull yellow, with stiff black bristles below ; proboscis not ex-
serted ; front long, flattened, punctured, shining, its bristles reduced in size,
and those of the middle row placed high up. Anterior four proclinate
bristles small, the remaining ones placed normally.

Thorax black, subshining, the dorsum finely pubescent, the pleure
lightly pruinose, ten bristles present on the hind edge of the mesonotum,
dorsum with one pair of dorsocentral and four marginal scutellar bristles.

Abdomen black, shining though not brilliant, not bristly, lightly pruinose
basally along the sides ; ovipositor short, retractile, piceous.

Legs piceous, front legs somewhat lighter, front coxze dull yellowish,
middle and hind coxz piceous, hind coxz with the usual ridge on the pos-
terior side ; hind femora stoutest, twice as thick as the front ones, middle
femora intermediate, all the tibiz with short bristles, biserially arranged
on their outer side, those of the front tibiz ten to twelve in number and
approximated into one line towards the inner forward edge, those of the
other tibize in two separated series, for the middle tibize four in the outer
and six in the inner row, and for the hind tibiz seven in the outer and ten
in the inner rows ; front tibize without terminal spurs, middle tibiz with one

1See Wm. H. Ashmead, BIoL. BULL., 1902, p. 15.

GUESTS AND PARASITES OF HALICTUS. 15

long spur three fourths the length of the metatarsus, hind tibiz with two
moderately long spurs, the outer one two-thirds as long as the inner, which
is nearly as long as that of the middle tibia.

Wings hyaline with faint cinereous tinge, not brilliantly iridescent, the
heavy veins nearly black, reaching very nearly to the middle of the wing.
First vein but slightly bowed, third vein nearly straight, furcate, costal
bristles fine and short, thickly placed, distributed as follows: four proximal
to the humeral cross vein, twenty-two (double series) bordering the costal
cell, ten (double series) bordering the marginal cell, and six (in double
series) along the submarginal, 7, ¢., the furcation of the second heavy vein.
Thin veins dark, the fourth longitudinal slightly flexed only at its extreme
base, so that the cell in front is slightly wider than the one behind, ending
a little closer to the wing-tip than the second light vein does, seventh vein
evident, extending into the wing-margin. MHalteres whitish, their stem
dusky.

Ma’e.—Length, 1.75 mm. _ Differs as follows: frontal bristles stouter,
abdomen smaller, genitalia not distinct, small, the central filament fleshy,
short, directed backward. Tibial setulae and the inner spur of the hind
tibia reduced in size, ridge of the hind coxz large ; costal bristles not uni-
form, disposed thus: prehumeral four, twenty along costal cell, four along
marginal cell and four along the submarginal. The inner bristles are
minute, becoming larger at the third pair of the costal cell, and from thence
are much stronger than in the female.

Described from several specimens, collected as described in the -
previous account at Woods Hole, Mass., July-August.

This species is related to agarici Lintner’ but differs by the
longer bristles on the tibia, longer front, four scutellar bristles,
etc. The habits also are quite different, as agarici feeds upon
decaying mushrooms.

Phora rostrata sp. nov.

Female.—Length, 1.5-1.75 mm. _ Black, shining, legs more or less yel-
low, lower frontal bristles proclinate, third vein forked.

Head shining black, especially smooth and polished on the front and
vertex. Front with the normal chetotaxy except that there are only two
proclinate bristles at the lower edge. The front is also sparsely hairy
besides the large bristles. Median longitudinal groove and ocellar tubercle
unusually well-marked. Antennz black, with a distinctly plumose arista.
Proboscis piceous, very large and strongly exserted, as long as the head-
height. It is slender at the base where the rather small bristly spindle-
shaped black palpi are inserted, then much enlarged, swollen and bifurcated
at the extremity. The bifurcation is produced by a splitting of the apex by
a horizontal slit inthe proboscis. Thoracic dorsum shining, hairy as usual,

‘roth N. Y. Rept., pp. 399-406.

16 MELANDER AND BRUES.

with one pair of dorsocentral and two scutellar bristles. Abdomen black,
nowhere bristly. Legs pale yellow, the tarsi sometimes brownish; hind
tibiz very indistinctly ciliated and with a single weak spur, as have also
the middle pair. On the inner side at the apex the posterior pair have
several transverse rows of short black bristles. Wings yellowish hyaline,
the costal vein reaching distinctly beyond the middle of the wing and with
very short cilia. First vein ending a little closer to the tip of the second
than to the humeral cross vein. Fourth vein evenly arcuate, fifth vein
sinuate as is also the sixth; seventh vein*present. Halteres yellowish,
blackened at the tips.

Described from two female specimens collected at Woods
Hole, Mass., July 15, 1902, about the burrows of Halictus pru-
2OSUS.

This species is readily recognizable on account of the excessive
development of the proboscis, which is evidently adapted to some
peculiar method of food-getting. It is also characterized espe-
cially by the very shining front, which seems to place it near to
the European P. wznor Zett., with which it agrees is some other

characters.
Phora cata sp. nov.

Male and Female. —o.8-1.2 mm. Black, legs and palpi yellowish or
brown, antenne of male enlarged. Anterior frontal bristles proclinate.

Head black, front short, about as wide as long,

subshining, faintly gray
pollinose in the male, two anterior bristles proclinate, the others all present
and arranged as usual. Antenne wholly black in the male, in which sex
the third joint is enlarged and ovate so as to be very conspicuous, in the
female they are of the usual size and slightly yellowish at the base ; arista
pubescent. Palpi light yellow, strongly bristly. Proboscis of female pro-
jecting, stout and horny. Thorax shining, black, hairy, with one pair of
dorsocentrals and two marginal scutellar bristles. Abdomen black. Legs
yellowish-brown, the anterior pair lighter. Posterior femora ciliated below
on apical half, their tibize without any rows of small bristles on the outer
side ; four posterior tibiz each with a delicate apical spur. Wings hyaline,
the costal vein not quite reaching to the middle of the wing, its cilia short
and closely placed. Third vein far from the costa at its base, and forked
very near the apex. Tip of first vein twice as far from the humeral vein
as from the tip of the second. Fourth vein slightly but evenly curved, re-
curved at the extreme tip. Fifth slightly diverging from the fourth to its
tip, which is as far behind the wing tip as the fourth is before it. Seventh
vein faint but distinct. Halteres yellowish in the female, piceous in the male.

Described from a single pair from Woods Hole, Mass. The
lighter color of the female is most likely due to her apparently

GUESTS AND PARASITES OF HALICTUS. 7

immature condition. They were taken on the sand in the midst
of a colony of Halictus.

This species can readily be recognized in the male sex by the
enlarged third joint of the antenna. The female is not so charac-
teristic, but can be distinguished by the combination of structural
characters given in the description. It resembles most closely
P. agarict Lintner, but has very short costal bristles.

Stethopathus Wand.

Among the insects frequenting the ground immediately about
the Halictus-burrows was one extremely small form, which from
its quick motions we immediately suspected to be a wingless
phorid fly. Such it indeed proved to be, but of quite a different
sort from any of our previously discovered North American
species. Its occurrence in New England is quite unexpected and
considerably extends the range of such forms, as none have
hitherto been seen in America north of central Texas.

Its associations with the HYafictws may be doubtful, although
no specimens could be found elsewhere whereas three females
were captured where the burrows of the bees were abundant.
Nests of Laszus niger and of Stenamma fulvum, variety piceum
also abound in such locations, but close scrutiny of the ant nests
revealed no specimens of the Phoridz. The fact that species of
Phora occur as parasites of these bees would make it seem not
improbable that the Ste¢hopathus has similar habits. We have
also a single winged male phorid, captured at the same time, but
which is probably the male of some other undescribed form on
account of its larger size and the different chetotaxy of the head,
The description of this interesting little wingless fly, one of the
smallest known of all the Diptera, is given herewith.

Stethopathus occidentalis sp. nov.

Female,—Head rounded triangular, much rounded on the sides and at
the hind angles and obtusely pointed in front, about two thirds as long as
wide above, vertex descending rather steeply and evenly. Eyes small,
about one and one third times as large as the second antennal joint,
coarsely facetted with hemispherical ommatidia as usual. Antenne placed
at the bottom of the deep frontal cavities. Proboscis long and stout,
equal to the head-height ; palpi small and slender, thickest near the tips,
with stout macrocheete on the inner side. Ocelli present, placed ina small

18 MELANDER AND BRUES.

triangle on the vertex. Head with four closely approximated macrochete
at the middle of the front margin, two widely-separated ones near the
anterior corner of the eye directed inwards and two outwardly directed
ones near the posterior angles ; a series of small macrochetz below andin
front of the eye.

Thorax small, twice as wide as long, truncate before and behind ; sinu-
ate on the sides and narrowed behind, so that the pleura are slightly visi-
ble from above. Thorax rather sharply arched above, and much narrowed
below on the sides. Dorsal surface with a pair of long macrochete just

TS LESAN
co < f3

=
NASA

a

ay

Fic. 7. Stethopathus occidentalis sp. nov., dorsal view.

behind the anterior angles and four smaller marginal ones along the pos-
terior edge.

Abdomen considerably swollen, but with large and strongly chitinized
dorsal plates. The first is only a narrow band, contiguous with the second
which is very large and contiguous with the third. The fourth and fifth
are separated by a white membrane such as covers the abdomen else-
where. Seen from above the abdomen is twice as wid as the thorax and

GUESTS AND PARASITES OF HALIJCTUS. 1g

flattened, oval in cross-section. No ventral sclerites are present. Each
segment is margined behind with small bristles and is hairy elsewhere as
is theentire body. Glandular opening of the fifth segment ! in the shape of
an arcuate slit. External genital organs of the usual form. Legs rather
stout, the tibize with two apical spurs.

Length, 0.75 mm. Testaceous, head and thorax darker above, espe-
cially directly about the ocelli. Abdominal plates dark fuscous, the mem-
branous parts almost white, with a small fuscous spot at the insertion of
each hair.

This form is a typical representative of the Stethopathinze and
strange to say, it approaches more nearly to the East Indian
Stethopathus ocellatus Wand. than to any of the species that have
hitherto been discovered in America. Indeed, it is here regarded
as congeneric with the former, although the two species are from
such widely separated regions of the earth.” It may be neces-
sary later to separate these two forms, but at the present state of
our knowledge of this group it does not seem advisable. The
American species resembles S. ocellatus Wand. in possessing
ocelli, being utterly destitute of wings and halteres, and in having
a similarly shaped head and abdomen. But differences in form
are also evident: the thorax is only twice as wide as long, in-
stead of three times as in oce//atus, the palpi are clavate, not
spindle-shaped, and the chetotaxy is somewhat different, although
conforming to the same general type. Although its habitus seems
to be quite different from that of the genus gmatias Meinert
(which it may be recalled, has just been discovered in Arizona,’
a locality quite distant from its home in Denmark), yet this spe-
cies may possibly prove to be a close relative.

A point perhaps of minor importance, but nevertheless inter-

_esting as bearing upon its systematic position, is the fact that the

1 Tn previous papers the gland opening has been referred to the fourth segment of
the abdomen, but the very short first segment in the present species leads us to believe
that this sclerite is concealed in the other American species and that there, too, the
gland really opens on the fifth segment.

2 Many cases might be mentioned of monotypical or very small genera of insects
which have an inexplicably wide discontinuous distribution. Amphizoa with two
species, one in western North America and another in Tibet; Syz¢elia, which is rep-
resented by two species, occurs in Mexico and eastern Asia; and the water-beetle,
Pelobius, occurring in western Europe, Tibet and Australia. For further references
to the close approximation in certain details of the faunze of eastern North America
and Asia, see C. C. Adams, ‘‘ The Southeastern United States as a Center of Geo-
graphical Distribution of Flora and Fauna,’’ Biot. BuLL., Vol. III., pp. 115, et seq.

3D. W. Coquillett, Caz. Enz., 1903, p. 20.

20 MELANDER AND BRUES.

American species has, like the East Indian form, bare, non-pubes-
cent macrochetz, while the other American species of this sub-
family have them pubescent.

Family TACHINID#.
Metopia leucocephala Rossi.
The interested observer of the Ha/ictus mentioned in the first
part was captured for identification, and proves to belong to
this widely distributed species.

Order Hymenoptera.
Family BRACONID.
Subfamily CHELONINA.

Chelonus brevipennis sp. nov.

Female.—Length, 2 mm. Ferruginous, head piceous black, wings
reaching just beyond the base of the abdomen.’ Antenne 21-jointed,
tapering as usual, and almost as long as the body, ferruginous at the base,
black at the tip, the third joint four times as long as thick, the apical joints
more or less quadrate-moniliform. Eyes smaller and less densely hairy
than usual. Head almost smooth above, shining, thinly pale pubescent,
piceous black above, ferruginous below, palpi yellow. Thorax ferruginous,
pronotum coarsely rugose reticulate above, mesonotum less distinctly so,
metanotum small, quadrate, not toothed at the posterior angles, rugoso-
reticulate ; pleure not roughly sculptured, somewhat shining. Abdomen
with no traces of sutures above, dark ferruginous and sparsely white hairy ;
gradually broadened from the base and rounded at apex ; finely and irregu-
larly reticulately striate longitudinally, especially at the base. The incurved
margin is emarginate at the apex of theabdomen. Ovipositor stout, black.
Legs long and slender, yellow, the femora clavate.

Described from a single female specimen collected at Woods
Hole, Mass., in a burrow of Halctus pruinosus.

The present species seems best referable to Che/onus because
of its pubescent eyes. The apex of the abdomen however is
emarginate, somewhat as in Gastrotheca Guérin. Unfortunately
as the wings are rudimentary they can not be used to determine
its affinities. The only other apterous species belonging to this
subfamily are included in Acampsis Wesmael, from which the
present form differs by its unsegmented abdomen.

1 For neuration, see BIoL, BULL., 1903, p. 189, Fig. 5.

GUESTS AND PARASITES OF HALICTUS. Z1

Family CuHatcipipa@.!

Eupelmus rhizophelus Ashmead.’

This remarkable chalcidid with vestigial wings in the female
was seen rather commonly about the Halictus burrows. As it has
been previously bred from cynipid root galls by Mr. Ashmead, it
is no doubt an accidental visitor to the bee nests.

Eupelmus Ashmeadii sp. nov.

Female, — Length, 3.5-4 mm., ovipositor 0.5 mm. Shining green
varied with ferruginous on the thorax and with luteous and black on the
abdomen. Head shining green, with a sparse white pubescence. Man-
dibles brown, black at the tips, palpi black. Antenne long, the scape
yellow, reaching to the ocelli, flagellum black, about once and one half
the head-height, last joint acutely pointed. Head less than twice as wide
as long, the space between the eyes above narrow, so that the lateral
ocelli are close to the eye-margin. Face rugoso-punctate with a median
carina extending from the clypeus to the insertion of the antennz. Pro-
thorax shining brown. Mesonotum very closely punctate, not at all shining,
brown in front and green behind, concave medially behind, on each side
of the depression it is raised and almost carinate, then slopes down to the
reflexed margin ; anteriorly it is raised to form a broad triangular tubercle.
Pleuree ferruginous except in front where they are green. Metanotum
golden, closely punctate, bilobed, sharply declivous, forming a right angle
with the mesonotum. Wings deeply infuscated, paler at base and slightly
so at apex, with a narrow cross band of white just before the stigmal vein.
Marginal vein equal to one third the length of the wing, stigmal vein
moderate, one half the length of the post-marginal. Abdomen shining
black, pale luteous on the basal third. Sheaths of the ovipositor bright
ferruginous, almost as long as the abdomen. Legs brown, darker on the
front and hind femora, tarsi yellowish except the tips.

Described from three female specimens collected at Woods
Hole, Mass., July and August, 1902.

This pretty species was associated with the much smaller
brachypterous species, Eupelmus rhizophelus Ashm., on the bur-
rows of Halictus pruinosus. It is named in honor of Mr. Wm.
H. Ashmead, who determined it as an undescribed species.

Henicopygus subapterus Ashmead.
We have seen this species running actively about on the ground
among ffalictus burrows at Austin, Texas. Like the species of
Eupelmus, it may be an accidental visitor.

1 We are indebted to Mr. Wm. H, Ashmead for his kindness in determining the
species of Chalcidide.
2 For wing-neuration, see BIOL. BULL., 1903, p. 189, Fig. 7.

22 MELANDER AND BRUES.

Encyrtine gen. et sp. indesc.

Among the Chalcidide there is a single specimen which Mr.
Ashmead, who has kindly examined it, informs us represents
an undescribed genus of Encyrtine. Unfortunately it is too
poorly preserved to permit of an accurate characterization in the
large and difficult group to which it belongs.

Cirrospiloideus (Miotropis) platynote Howard.

A single female of this species was captured.

Superfamily PROCTOTRYPOIDEA.

Family ScELIONID.
Telenomus sp.

There is a single pair representing an apparently undescribed
species in this large and difficult genus.

Caloteleia Marlattii Ashmead.

This active little species is a regular visitor about the nests.

Caloteleia parvipennis sp. nov.

Female.—Length, 2.5 mm. Yellow, varied with darker. Head
black, very smooth and polished above the antenne, finely punctured on
the vertex and with larger punctures intermixed. Mandibles yellow at the
base, black at the tip. Antennal scape pale yellow, reaching a little above
the vertex, the pedicel small and rounded, yellow, the flagellum about one
and one half times the length on the scape, black, the first flagellar joint
twice as long as the pedicel, then the joints decrease in size to the fourth,
the following six forming a thick oval club with closely articulated joints.
Thorax entirely yellow, except the tegule which are black, mesonotum
finely punctulate, with two rather faintly marked furrows, scutellum large,
semicircular, smooth. Metathorax very short, emarginate in the middle,
smooth on the sides. Abdomen polished and perfectly smooth, except for
coarse longitudinal striz on the first and at the base of the second seg-
ments. The petiole is short quadrate, and bears a quite distinct polished
black tubercular horn at its base ; basal half of abdomen otherwise yellow-
ish varied with brown, apical half black; third segment longest, second
nearly as Jong, others much shorter. Legs including the coxez yellow.
Wings short, reaching only to the middle of the abdomen. Marginal vein
short and swollen, stigmal about one third as long as the lengthened post-
marginal, costal margin sparsely ciliated.

Described from one female specimen taken at Woods Hole,
Mass., on a slope that was thickly riddled with the burrows of

GUESTS AND PARASITES OF HALICTUS. 23

Halictus. When captured it made no attempt to fly, the wings
evidently being too much atrophied to be of functional use.

This form can be readily recognized by its short wings. It
does not seem to be very closely related to any of the other
North American species,

Scelio ovivorus Riley.

This large and coarsely sculptured Scelionid was originally
bred by Scudder from the eggs of the common New England
grasshopper (Dissosteira carolina) so that its occurrence is evi-
dently not connected with the presence of the Halictus colony.
Nevertheless it was often seen intermingling with the bees.

Family Drapriip&.
Loxotropa ruficornis Ashmead.

This is a common species always to be found on the breeding
ground of these bees. Its habits have already been noted in the
preceding part of this paper.

Family BETHYLIDA.

Empyris subapterus sp. nov.

Female.—Length, 3.25 mm. Black, head and thorax subopaque, ab-
domen shining ; antennz, mandibles at tips, palpi, tegula and extreme
tip of abdomen rufous ; sparsely pale pubescent. Head about one third
longer than wide, closely and finely punctate with fewer larger punctures
intermixed. Antenne reaching about to the tegula, scape stout and
curved, three times as long as its thickness at the tip ; following joints of
about equal length, except the first flagellar, which is shorter ; pedicel more
slender, the other joints slightly wider than long. Eyes hairy, ocelli
present. Prothorax sculptured like the head, with a transverse impressed
line anteriorly. Mesonotum very short, less than half as long as wide,
without grooves or furrows. Tegule rufous. Scutellum basally with a
deep transverse linear fovea. Metanotum about one and one half times
as long as wide, with a median longitudinal carina and a fainter one close
on each side of it anteriorly, also a lateral and an apical carina present ;
surface elsewhere finely transversely rugulose ; posterior face sharply
declivous, shining and punctulate. Wings abbreviated,! just attaining the
apex of the metanotum ,; with a small stigma near the apex, a narrow,
submarginal cell and an equally long but wider basal cell ; costal margin
fringed. Legs, including the coxe, dull rufous. Abdomen polished black,
the margin of the penultimate segment and the apical half of the last seg-
ment ferruginous.

1For figure see BIOL. BULL., 1903, P- 189, Fig. 2.

24 ' MELANDER AND BRUES.

Described from several female specimens collected at Woods
Holl, Mass., running about among the burrows of a colony of
FHlalictus pruinosus Robts.

This species greatly resembles J/esitius in habitus, but has a
transverse furrow at the base of the scutellum instead of two
foveze. It can hardly be the undescribed female of £. carbonarius
Ashmead, on account of the difference in the sculpture of the
metanotum. It is apparently the first subapterous form to be
described in this genus.

Family FormIcip&.
Lasius niger Linneus.
Stenamma fulvum var. piceum Buckley.
Solenopsis molesta Say.

This last named species is the only one that derives any direct
benefit from the presence of the bees.

Family MurTILLip#.
Mutilla canadensis Blake.

This is the most conspicuous of the enemies of the bees. It
has been fully noticed in the preceding part.

Mutilla infensa sp. nov.

Female.—Clothed with sparse appressed white pubescence becoming
denser apically, and with scattered long erect hairs. The hairs are black
on the vertex, dorsulum and second abdominal segment and become
whitish on the under side of the body and beyond the second segment of
the abdomen. Coarsely sculptured species ; head finely and closely punc-
tate, thorax and petiole of the abdomen coarsely reticulate, abdomen much
less deeply and more distantly punctured than the head, the apical segments
with finer punctures, meso and metapleurz shining, not or but little stri-
gose, nearly smooth, pygidium longitudinally closely but irregularly striated,
the strize very weak and vanishing apically. Head quadrate, concave
behind, in profile also rounded ; eyes prominent, round, subshining, their
facets distinct ; mandibles straight, strong, pointed, untoothed ; scape stout,
as long as the three basal joints of the flagellum, basal flagellar joints sub-
equal. Thorax elongate-oval, nearly as broad as the head, the front mar-
gin and angles well defined, posterior surface of the metanotum not sharply
declivous, somewhat flattened and rounded above. Petiole of the abdomen
flattened above, constricted from the second segment, one fourth broader
than long, its front angles sharp and prominent, its ventral carina weak,

GUESTS AND PARASITES OF HALICTUS. 25

very obtusely angulate at the middle and minutely toothed in front. Legs
slender, provided like the body with silvery erect hairs, four or more strong
spines on the outer edge of the hind tibiz, the tibial spurs and spines black,

Ferruginous or somewhat darker, the mandibles, the flagellum except
its basal joint, z. ¢., the third antennal joint, more or less of the second ab-
dominal segment, and all of the other segments of the abdomen, from the
third apically, both ventrally and dorsally black. Legs including the cox
piceous or black. Second segment of the abdomen with a varying extent
of the front margin, a diffused median vitta and the hind margin more
strongly black or blackish. On each side of the median stripe is a pair of
conspicuous rounded testaceous spots. Last ventral segment sometimes

reddish.

Length, 4.75 mm.

Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Parasitic on MHalictus prut-
nosus (2).

The edentate mandibles, the facetted eyes and the nodose
petiole of the abdomen would lead one in placing this species in
the small group scrupea, where it is obviously distinct from the
only other known female by its rugose thorax, etc. Notwith-
standing this, we shall have to disregard the well-marked om-
matidia and place the species in the group occidentalis, intermedi-
ate between cariniceps Fox and rugulosa Fox, differing from each
by the structure of the pygidium, etc., but related by its general
habitus, sculpture and chetotaxy.

Mutilla vesta Cresson.
Mutilla ferrugata Fabricius.

Like.the former species this too is doubtless parasitic on the
larger Hymenoptera such as Philanthus or the Pompilide that
nest near by.’

Myrmosa unicolor Say.

The males of this species fly about the roadside flowers while
the females are frequently found about the bee nests. Their
presence is undoubtedly due to the bees.

Family PHILANTHID#.
Philantus punctatus Say.
This species was observed nesting in the very midst of several

of the colonies of Halictus.

1In Europe Sichel records J. incompleta Lep. as parasitic on Hadictus (cf. Hore,
Soc. ent. Ross., VI., p. 11) and MV. coronata as a parasite of Larra anathema
(zd¢d., p. 12).

20 MELANDER AND BRUES.

‘

Sphex tchneumonea Linn., and a species of Pompilidze were
also seen digging their nests in the compact sand of the road in
the vicinity of the bee colony. They have no connection with
the presence of the bees, but associate with them as the same
condition of soil and surroundings are suitable for each.

Order Coleoptera.
Family CoccINELLID&.
Microweisea misella Leconte.’

The species of this genus are reported to be of great economic
importance as they greedily prey on scale insects. The presence
of the Aleyrodes may have had an influence in bringing this spe-
cies to our notice.

Family ENDOMYCHID#.
Aphorista vittata Fabricius.
Family Prinip#.
Cznocara scymnoides Leconte.
Family ScAPHIDID.
Beocera concolor Fabricius.

The last three species are fungus-eating beetles, which may
come to the Halictus nests to feed on the fungus overgrowing
the stores of abandoned or damp nests. It is certain that during
the course of the season numerous nests are left unfinished, either
deserted voluntarily by the bees for some whimsical reason or
not completed by the death of the bees.

Family RHIPIPHORID.
Myodites fasciatus Say.

Inasmuch as Fabre and others have found the larve and pupz
of a member of this family in the cells of an European species of
Hlalictus, it is quite interesting to note the occurrence of MZ. fasci-
atus about the colonies of the American form. Several specimens
were taken while sweeping with the net among the swarming
bees as they entered and left their nests.

Several other beetles were found crawling over the nest but
were visitants too accidental to record.

1 This is the species known in our lists under the generic name Svz/ia or Pentilia.
The present name was proposed by Cockerell (Caz. Zxt., 1903, p. 38).

GUESTS AND PARASITES OF HALICTUS. 27

In conclusion we may present the following diagram showing
the interrelationships of the most important of the insects we
have observed. For Halictus it is indeed a “ whirlpool of life”’
with only too many vortices centered upon its unfortunate self.

Mutilla
if
Myodites “\s we Phora
Philanthus ss HALICTUS ~~ Stethopathus

Metopia 4-7 “ss Ceratopogon “ss Polyxenes <= Smilia

J \ Beocera Solenopsis t I | Aleyrodes
Proctotrypidze # * Thysanura
Mutilla 2 a7

= as Pompilus ~ Spiders 2.
ree Sphex ““& ~~ Sciara

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