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Een. xxi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 247
Fulton County (New York) Tipulidae—I.
By Cuartes P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y. : 1) During the season of 1909, a large number of more or less
interesting crane-flies were collected by the writer at various localities in Fulton County, N. Y. Of the great amount of ma- terial collected, comparatively few specimens have been deter- mined, and these are mentioned herewith. The species, Erioptera dulcis O. S., Limnophila lenta O. $., Hexatoma mega- cera O. S., Pachyrhina macrocera Say, Tipula trivittata Say, and T. flavicans Fabr., are not recorded in Prof. Needham’s list of the New York crane-flies (23d Report of New York State Entomologist, Bull. 124 of the State Museum). Many of the species are comparatively uncommon.
The New York Tipulidae have been sadly neglected by the majority of collectors. The two most important collections made in the State are those of Baron Osten Sacken and Profes-
sor Needham. ZTHSONES, AUG 2 1961
248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ’10
Fulton County, in which all of my collecting was done, contains about all of the varied situations in which the different _ crane-flies occur. The Adirondack Mountains, with their scores of little lakes, occupy the northern half of the county; a river flows through the northeast corner; while great tracts of marshland (the Vlei) lie in the eastern part. The altitude ranges from about 500 feet up to 2,700 feet. My main col- lecting grounds are as follows:
1. The Woodworth’s Lake and Canada Lake country, in the central, or west central, portion of the county. Small mountain lakes, lying between 1,500 and 1,600 feet above sea level. The character of the fauna and flora is typically Cana- dian. Most of the species of Tipulidae secured by Osten Sacken at Trenton Falls, and by Needham at Old Forge, occur here.
2. The Sacandaga Park country, in the extreme northeast of the county, is on the Sacandaga River, a branch of the Hudson. Sport Island, in the river, is about half a mile in length, and several hundred feet in width. The ground is mostly low, with grassy fields in the center, the margins of the island being overgrown with rank shrubbery, ferns, etc., forming choice haunts for many insects. The island is con- nected with the mainland (Sacandaga Park) at the northwest end, by a large wooden bridge. There is a broad strip of low land bordering the northeast coast of the island for several hundred feet. On each side of the island is a dam of about six feet drop, skirting the east shore of the island from the dam
y several hundred feet to the south, are broad, pebbly beaches. On the southeast side of the island is a deep indentation into the land, an offshoot of the main stream, but filled with quiet water ; this is called the “bayou.” The altitude of the island is about 875 feet. The fauna and flora shows an intermingling of Canadian and Transition forms.
3. Gloversville, N. Y., in south-central part of the county ; altitude, 900 feet.
4. Johnstown, N. Y., in southern part of the county; alti- tude, 700 feet.
—s-
Vol. xxi] ' ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 249
These last two localities are in the township of Johnstown. Both cities are situated on the Cayudetta Creek, and only three miles apart. The fauna is mainly Transition.
The determinations have all been made, or confirmed by, Professors C. W. Johnson and J. G. Needham, to whom my sincere thanks are due.
1. Rhipidia maculata Meigen.
Woodworth’s Lake (Bleecker township) ; altitude 1,600 feet ; August 24, 1909; a few specimens, hovering about the crevices in a small cliff.
2. Discobola argus Say.
Canada Lake (Caroga township) ; altitude 1,550 feet; July 10, 1909; one in a spider’s web, still alive. Woodworth’s Lake (Bleecker township), altitude about 1,625 feet, August 22, 1909 ; One specimen, swept from rank, palustral vegetation.
3. Limnobia parietina O. S.
One fine specimen, Woodworth’s Lake, August 20, 1909, from a small cliff along the outlet. My field notebook says, “From a crevice high up on the face of the cliff, I drove out a large crane-fly. It flew out of the cranny with sluggish, lum- bering flight and lit on the top of a hemlock tree a foot or two away. By jumping up, I managed to sweep the specimen into my net.”
4. Toxorrhina muliebris O. S.
I swept one specimen from tall, rank vegetation at Sacan- daga Park. It was taken along the railroad embankment, north of the railroad station, about sunset, July 5, 1909. 2 5. Rhamphidia flavipes Macq.
Two specimens at Mountain Lake Bog Pond (Johnstown township) ; altitude 1,580 feet, June 26, 1909. One specimen swept from rank grasses at Sport Island, Sacandaga River, June 20, 1909. One specimen, southeast of Johnstown, INE Yes September 6, 1909.
6. Cladura indivisa O. S.
Woodworth’s Lake, August 24, 1909, two specimens flying
about in the woods. Johnstown, N. Y., September 12, 1909,
250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ‘10
one specimen. It was extraordinarily abundant in a woods near Gloversville, N. Y., on September 22, 1909. The following is from my field notes :
“T went to Simmon’s Woods, southeast of Gloversville, N. Y., this afternoon, and was very agreeably surprised at the occurrence, in large numbers, of this usually uncommon in- sect. Near the entrance of the woods, where Simmon’s Brook emerges, the insects were found in numbers.
“At each step they flew out of the bushes to others farther away. They are wary insects, and when sitting on the upper side of a leaf, slip over the edge and hang inverted from the lower side when alarmed by an observer.
“They present a very characteristic attitude, sitting on the leaf of a tree, with their wings folded flat over the abdomen, and the six long legs stretched out over the leaf. A few were taken in copulation; these were all hanging on the under side of a leaf. Their habit of clinging to the under surface of a leaf is quite remarkable and I found several by looking for them there.
“There were hundreds of specimens in the low bushes of the woods, usually on the broad leaves of deciduous trees at a height of two or three feet. Sometimes they would-alight on hemlock, and, occasionally, in ferns near the ground. It was the only Tipulid observed here to-day.”
7. Rhypholophus monticola O. S.
Woodworth’s Lake (Bleecker township), August 24, 1909. Several specimens flying about a small cliff along the outlet.
8. Rhypholophus rubellus O. S.
Along the Mountain Lake Railroad track, about two miles north of Gloversville, N. Y. One specimen, July 3, 1909, swept from ferns, in a damp woodland (Power House Woods).
9. Erioptera (Mesocyphona) caloptera Say.
Very common about Johnstown, N. Y.; first taken on the evening of June 1, 1909, several specimens swept from tall meadow grass. Very common throughout the summer, into September, in similar habitats. Sacandaga Park (Northamp- ton township), July 5, 1909, a few specimens taken.
Vol. xxi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 251
10. Erioptera (Mesocyphona) dulcis O. S. One specimen in company with the last, which it somewhat resembles.
11. Erioptera (Hoplolabis) armata O. S.
Not at all rare about Johnstown, N. Y., from May and June until September 12, 1909, when I took a few specimens. It frequents shady places, such as gullies. Power House Woods (see R. rubellus), July 3, 1909,a few. Sport Island, Sacandaga R., July 5, 1909, very common.
12. Molophilus hirtipennis O. S.
Johnstown, N. Y., June 30, 1909, at twilight; July 1, 1909, one flew to a lamp in my house; not rare during the summer months.
13. Goniomyia subcinerea O. S. Taken at the same time and place as Rhypholophus rubellus O. S. (No. 8) ; two specimens.
14. Trichocera ¢cumalis Fitch.
Very common at times during the winter months. During November and in February and March it is found on cellar windows and, on warm days, out of doors. In late March and April it occurs in small swarms in sunny places in woods and along the edges of brush lots. On May 12, 1909, a very large swarm was observed at Johnstown, N. Y., hovering over a large fallen beech trunk. My latest record is May 19, 1909, one specimen at Johnstown, N. Y.
15. Limnophila macrocera Say.
Sacandaga Park, very common on damp vegetation along the railroad embankment north of the station. It was taken in large numbers on June 20 and 21, 1909. One specimen was taken near the Johnstown cemetery on July 2, 1909, and an- other on September 12, 1909. These are my only records. The species is generally not very common.
16. Limnophila adusta O. S. East of Johnstown, N. Y., June 20, 1909, one specimen.
17. Limnophila lenta O. S. Woodworth’s Lake (Bleecker township), August 24, 1909.
252 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’to0
It was not uncommon in the cool woods along the outlet of the lake.
18. Limnophila (Dactylolabis) montana O. S.
On May 16, 1907, I found this species very abundant around a stone quarry near the Gloversville Reservoir. The flies lurked in the crevices of the rocks and large numbers were collected as they hung inverted from the roof of the crannies. This is the only Limnophila that I have taken in such a situation. (This is mentioned in Needham’s list, quoted before.)
19. Hexatoma megacera O. S.
This remarkable little species was not at all rare on Sport Island, Sacandaga R., June 6, 1909. It occurred on semi- palustral grasses along the northeast coast of the island and along the “bayou.” It was very sluggish and not at all diffi- cult to capture. A large number were secured.
20. Eriocera longicornis Walker.
Of this remarkable species I secured a single male specimen on May 18, 1907, flying at twilight over a grassy field near Gloversville, N. Y. On June 6, 1909, it occurred in large num- bers on Sport Island, Sacandaga River. In the late afternoon a few scattered individuals were observed. Just after sunset the insect became very abundant along the north end of the island, hovering in small swarms over the water’s edge and dancing about like many of our smaller Tipulids. Toward dusk, many species of may-flies and caddice-flies joined the little companies of dancing flies. Of the specimens secured. the males slightly predominated in numbers.
21. Tricyphona (Amalopis) inconstans O. S.
Canada Lake (Caroga township), July 10, 1909, two speci- mens. Not at all rare about Woodworth’s Lake in August. Johnstown, N. Y., in June, July, August and, especially, early September.
22, Liogma nodicornis O. S. Mountain Lake Bog Pond (Johnstown township), altitude 1,585 feet, June 26, 1909. It was very common toward sunset
Vol. xxi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 253
on rank, semipalustral vegetation. One specimen in the ceme- tery gully, Johnstown, N. Y., June 15, 1909. 23. Phalacrocera tipulina O. S.
East end of Canada Lake (Caroga township), altitude 1,550 feet; one specimen only on July 10, 1909.
24. Dolichopeza americana Needham.
One specimen under the bridge at the outlet of the Mountain Lake Bog Pond (Johnstown township), altitude 1,585 feet. It was taken during a rainstorm, in company with Bittacomor-
pha, on June 13, 1909.
25. Pachyrhina macrocera Say.
One specimen in the gully on the north side of the Johns- town cemetery, June 30, 1909. 26. Pachyrhina incurva Loew.
Two specimens, male and female, in Johnstown cemetery gully on June 30, 1909. 27. Pachyrhina ferruginea Fabricus.
Two specimens near Johnstown, N. Y., June 24, 1909. 28. Tipula abdominalis Say.
Very common along the Park side of Sacandaga River from July 6 to 16, 1906. It was kindly determined by Prof. E. P. elt:
29. Tipula trivittata Say.
Two specimens on Sport Island, Sacandaga River, June 12, 1909 (northeast coast). One specimen on Sport Island, June 20, 1909.
30. Tipula flavicans Fabr.
In early September this species became very common in most of the grassy fields and scanty brush lots about Johns- town, N. Y. Specimens were secured from September 3 until September 22, 1909, when I left that locality.
31. Bittacomorpha clavipes Fabr.
The phantom crane-fly is one of the most striking of our Tipuloidea. It is abundant and very widely distributed in the county. I have taken it in marshy woodland about Glovers-
—
254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ’1o0
ville (Cold Spring Woods) and near Johnstown, from June
throughout August. It occurred at the Mountain Lake Bog —
Pond, June 13, 1909 (altitude 1,585 feet). It is a very com- mon species at Sacandaga Park, frequenting the rank vegeta- tion growing along the bottom of the railroad embankment. Specimens were observed June 20 to 22, 1909. 32. Ptychoptera rufocincta O. S.
One specimen in the Power House Woods near the govern- ment shooting range, north of Gloversville, N. Y., July 3, 1900.
33. Idioplasta fitchii O. S.
This was probably the most interesting species taken. Over half a century has elapsed since the discovery of this wonderful crane-fly by Asa Fitch.
I secured five specimens on Sport Island, Sacandaga River (Northampton township) from June 6 to 19, 1909. All five specimens were swept from the rank, tall vegetation along the northeast coast of the island, exactly opposite Wolf Island. The first two specimens were taken on June 6, two more on June 12, and the last on June 19. The beautiful ocellate mark- ings on the wings are quite variable in shape and character. They are, however, generally arranged in three bands, a basal one, a medial one and a sub-terminal one, with a few scattered rounded apical marks. In one specimen the bands are almost complete, there being but one detached apical spot. In an- other specimen (June 12, 1909) the marks are separated. rounded spots, about three apical ones, five sub-apical ones, six medial ones, and three or four basal ones. These separated spots are usually contiguous but separable by their light color with a broad dark ring surrounding the marking.
The markings of the wings of my specimens are very con- spicuous and, as Prof. Johnson suggests, bear a great super- ficial resemblance to those of Epiphragma fascipennis.
x
MN atthore Procter Pa fark
Vol. xxiii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 66
Fulton County (New York), Tipulidae (Dipt.).—II. By Cas. P. ALEXANDER, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.
This is a continuation of the list in ENTomMoLocicaL News, June, 1910. Since the publication of that article, much of the undetermined 1909 collection has been worked over and an im- mense amount of new material collected. The total number of species definitely known from the county to date is about 125, which is more than is known from most States of the Union.
A few errors in the first part, most of which must be charged against the author, should be corrected: On page 248, thirteenth line in under 2, should read, “for several hundred feet.’ The altitude of the island is 750 feet (average), not 875 feet. On page 251, Trichocera crwmalis should be T. brumalis.
New collecting grounds: Some of the new localities visited proved to have an extremely rich Tipulid fauna. The more notable of these are:
“Psocid Glen,” on the west bank of the Cayudutta creek, between Johnstown and Sammonsville; a small creek flowing into the Cayudutta at the electric-light dam. Although at a low altitude (550 feet), the fauna is distinctly Canadian.
“Prairie Lake Bog’ in Caroga Township (1,870 feet); a bog in the tertiary stage, supporting a perfectly normal oxy- lophytic type of vegetation, such as: Solidago uliginosa, Gen- tiana linearis, Acer pennsylvanicum, A. rubrum, A. spicatum, Nemopanthus mucronata, Kalmia angustifolia, Andromeda polifolia, Chamaedaphne calyculata, Chiogenes hispidula, Vac- cinium macrocarpon, Aronia melanocarpa, Sarracema purpu- rea. Drosera rotundifolia, D. intermedia, Myrica gale, and a variety of sedges.
Since the publication of the first part, the acceptance of Meigen’s 1800 paper by most Dipterologists has changed many of the genera used in tne Tipulidae. The names are given in Coquillett’s “Type-Species of North American Diptera,” but are widely scattered amongst the other genera of flies, so that
67 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’12
a compact record of the recent changes in nomenclature, as now held by many students of the family, may be of value.
Sub-fam. LIntNoBINAE: % Aa: 0s cconeaeen ae cee cece eee A MPHINOMINAE Heide LIMNOBING 22.52 ef..< «oes since same ae eed AMPHINOMINI Genus Limnobia Meig. 1818 ...............-. Amphinome Meig. 1800 Genus Dicranomryia Steph. 1829 ............- Furcontyia Meig. 1818 Tribe ANTOCHINI, RHAMPHIDINE .............0c..s. MEGARHININI Genus Rhamphidia Meig. 1830 ....Megarhina St. Farg. et Serv. 1828 Genus Dicranoptycha O. S. 1859 .......... Marginomyia Meig. 1818 ‘Tribe ERIOPrERIND: 2. 25s 7... encase oe eae eon ere PoLy MEDINI Genus Erioptera Meig. 1803 ..........--...-+- Polymeda Meig. 1800 Genus Rhypholophus Kol. 1860 .....-....--..-- Ormosia Rond. 1856 Genus Helobia St. F. et S.; 1828; (preocc.) Symplecta Meig. 1830 Tribe LimNopHILINI, TRICHOCERINI ............-.---- PETAURISTINT Genus Trichocera Meig. 1803 ................-- Petaurista Meig. 1800 Tribe “ANTSOMERTIEN 7 .rce dor st aretclie eats otsae ttn ae HEXATOMINT Genus Eriocera Macq. 1838 .........-...--..- Caloptera Guer. 1829 Genus Asmalopis Ealv8560 52-112 veins Tricyphana Zett. 1837
Genus Ctenophora (of authors, non Meigen) ..Phoroctema Coq. 1910 Genus Xiphura Brulle 1832; Ctenophora Meig. 1803. Flabellifera Meig. 1890
Genus Stygeropis Loew. 1863 ..............-- Prionocera Loew. 1844 Family PLY CHOPRERED A eran ace ae eerste LIRIOPIDAE Genus Ptychoptera Meig. 1803 .........+.+--+-++ Liriope Meig. 1800 Genus Idioplasta ©. S. 1878 ..--- 2200+ ee ees Protoplasa O. S. 1860
The present paper deals with the tribe Amphinomini, and begins the Polymedini. The remainder of the Polymedini, and the Megarhinini, Petauristini, Hexatomini, and Pedicini, as well as the Cylindrotominae, Tipulinae and Liriopidae will be considered in succeeding parts. New stations and new records for the species included in Part 1 are here given, with the orig- inal number in parentheses.
As in the previous part, I must acknowledge the kind advice of Prof. Needham and Prof. Johnson upon certain difficult questions.
34. Geranomyia canadensis Westw. Rare. Canada Lake; Caroga T’sh’p; one ¢ only, June 23, IOIT.
55. Geranomyia rostrata Say. Common and widely distributed. Sacandaga Park; several
Vol. xxiii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 68
along the R. R. embankment, June 21, 1911. On Aug. 24, 1910, the species occurred in extraordinary abundance. Thou- sands of specimens occurred here and I secured about a dozen at each sweep of the net. They are very active and usually fly directly from the bag, not making their way up the side of the net after the fashion of most crane-flies. Sport Island, N. E. Coast, Aug. 24, 1911; some ten specimens. Johnstown, N. Y.; Sept. 14, 1909. “Psocid Glen”; Aug. 24, 1910. VanDenburgs Pond; Bleecker T’sh’p; Aug. 30, 1909. “Camp Naturalist,” alt. 1428 feet; Bleecker T’sh’p; Sept. 14, 1910.
30. Rhipidia fidelis O. S. Rare. Sport Is.; Sacandaga R.; June 27, 910; 2. (4) Rhipidia maculata Meig.
Pinnacle Mt.; Bleecker T’sh’p.; alt. 2000 feet; Sept. 15 LOO or
’
37. Furcomyia longipennis Schum.
Common locally. Sacandaga R.; Sport Is. (bayou); Aug. 24, 1910. Hillside Park; Burrs Pond; abundant on marsh veg- etation consisting of Leersia, Bidens, etc.; Aug. 4, 1909, and Sept. 9, 1910.
38. Furcomyia immodesta O. S.
Commonly and widely distributed. Sacandaga R.; Sport Is. ; Aug. 24, 1910; both sexes; on the mainland, along the R. R. embankment, common; June 2r and 28, 1911. Johnstown; common; June 10, 1910. Gloversville; Power House Woods; Sept. 23, 1910. Woodworth’s Lake; Aug. 21, 19009.
39. Furcomyia gladiator O. S. Local. Extremely common in B. P. H. U. Swamp, Wood-
worth’s Lake; Aug. 22, 1910; males were more common than. females.
40. Furcomyia rostrifera O. S.
Common, especially in late summer and autumn. Sacandaga Park; along the R. R. embankment; June 27, 1910; June 28, 1911; Aug. 28, 1911. Sammonsville; Sept. 22, 1910; common.
69 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb; <12
Gloversville; Power-house Woods, Sept. 23, 1910; very abun- dant on low vegetation. Prairie Lake Bog; Aug. 31, IIT.
41. Furcomyia liberta O. S.
A well distributed species at low altitudes. Sacandaga R.; Sport Is.; June 17, 1910; a few, Aug. 24, 1910; June 21, 1911; rare. Johnstown; June 10, 1910, not rare; June 17, 1911.
42. Furcomyia stigmata Doane.
Not uncommon about the face of cliffs. Gloversville; stone quarries near the reservoir; June 19, 1910, and June 16, 1911.
A species described from California. Neither Mr. M. D. Leonard nor I can separate the New York specimens off as distinct. It is possible that an actual comparison of specimens would reveal differences. Stigmata is distinguished from haer- etica, O. S., by the shortness of Sc 1, a distinct stigmal spot, and the plain brown mesothoracic praescutum.
43. Furcomyia halterata O. S.
Local and northern in distribution. Sacandaga Park; along the R. R. embankment; Aug. 24, 1910; @’s. Prairie Lake Bog; Aug. 31, 1911; a few. Woodworth’s Lake; very com- mon along B. P. H. U. Creek and in the bog-swamp at the head of the creek; Aug. 22, 1910.
44. Furcomyia badia Walk.
Not common. ‘“Psocid Glen,” Aug. 31, 1910; a few only. Stone quarry on the mountain side, near the Gloversville reser- voir; Aug. 29, 1910, and Sept. 7, 1910. Woodworth’s Lake; B. P. H. U. Creek; Aug. 22, 1910.
45. Furcomyia morioides O. S.
Common and widely distributed. Sacandaga Park; along the R. R. embankment; June 21, 1911. Hillside Park; Sept. 9, 1910. Johnstown; Aug. 6, 1909. “Psocid Glen,” Aug. 26, 1910, a few; June 14, 1911, common, both sexes ; Aug. 30, 1911, a few.
46. Furcomyia pubipennis O. S. Not rare; Canadian life-zone. Sacandaga Park; along the
Vol. xxiii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 70
R. R. embankment, June 21, 1911; VanDenburg’s Pond, June 19, 1911; in a sphagnum bog. Mountain Lake, June 15, 1911: common around the bog-pond. Woodworth’s Lake, Aug. 19. 1909; very common about cliffs; both sexes.
47. Furcomyia globithorax O. S. Rare; Canadian life-zone. One fine @ of this peculiar little species; Woodworth’s Lake, along the outlet, Aug. 22, 1910.
48. Furcomyia simulans Walk. Not common. East Canada Creek, near Ingram’s Mills, Sept. Il, IQLI.
49. Amphinome immatura O. S. Rare. Sammonsville, Sept. 22, 1910; a broken specimen in a spider’s web. Pinnacle Mt.; near cliffs; 2 ; Sept. 16, 1910.
50. Amphinome solitaria O. S.
A common species of the Canadian life-zone. “‘Psocid Glen,” Aug. 26, 1910; four $’s; Aug. 30, 1911, common, both sexes. Woodworth’s Lake; B. P. H. U. Swamp; Aug. 22, rgro.
51. Amphinome triocellata O. S. Rare. Woodworth’s Lake; B. P. H. U. Swamp, Aug. 22, IQ10, one é only.
52. Amphinome indigena O. S.
Common. Sacandaga Park; along the R. R. embankment, June 21, 1911. “Psocid Glen,” Aug. 21, 1910. Canada Lake, June 24, 1911. Woodworth’s Lake, Aug. 22, 1910; June 23, 1910.
e
53. Amphinome tristigma O. S.
Abundant, northern in distribution. Gloversville; Power- house Woods, common on ferns, etc., July 3, 1910. Wood- worth’s Lake, B. P. H. U. Swamp, Aug. 22, 1910.
54. Cryptolabis paradoxa O. S.
Abundant. Gloversville; Power-house Woods, July 3 and 17, 1909; abundant on low vegetation, such as ferns, etc. Sac- andaga R.; Sport Is., July 5 and 25, 1909. Not rare on herb-
mi ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’12
age growing amongst shrubbery. June 27, 1910, “Very com- mon on the rank herbage of the northeast coast and specimens could be found in my net at every sweeping. Hundreds—if not thousands—of specimens about.” June 21 and 28, 1911, common on Sport Is.
55. Sacandaga flava Alex.
Locally common.
Since describing the genus Sacandaga (Ent. News, Oct., tgtt), I have come to the conclusion that the insect is most closely related to the genus Rhabdomastix, Skuse* of Australia. The differences between the two genera are rather numerous, but the resemblances, especially in the genitalia of the male and in the venation, are great, and it is possible that Sacandaga will, upon further study, be relegated to subgeneric rank. The genera should have been compared in the original description, but I was not in possession of Skuse’s detailed description of Rhabdomastix at the time. This comparison is supplied in the following key :—
A.—Antennae very long, filiform, nearly twice the length of entire body. Wings cuneiformly narrowed towards the base, with only a slight indication of an anal angle. Halteres, long, slender. Vena- tion: Se rather short, tip of Sct remote from the tip of Rr; Se beyond origin of Rs, twice the length of the cross-vein r-m. Sc2 absent or indistinct at tip of Sct. R2+3 (petiole of second sub- marginal cell of Osten Sacken) one-half of cell R2. Cross-vein r-m as long as the basal deflection of Cur. Second anal short, CUTVEd 24 icc ops praie Pee ene ees Rhabdomastix Skuse. AA.—Antennae normal reaching about to the root of the wings. Anal angle present and prominent. MHalteres short, abruptly capitate. Venation: Sc long so that Scr and Ri are somewhat approxi- mated at the tip; Sc long, beyond the origin of Rs, four times the length of the cross-vein r-m. Sc2 conspicuous, removed from the tip of Ser. R2+3 equal in length to, or longer than, cell R2. Cross- vein r-m much shorter than the deflection of Cur. Second anal Prominent. |PiSiniace ye celle eens ee erie Sacandaga Alex.
*Diptera of Australia, by F. A. A. Skuse. Proc. of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales; vol. 4 (series 2nd) (25th Sept., 1889) ; P. 828, 829; Pl. 22, Fig. 15 (wing) Pl. 24, Fig. 57 (¢ genitalia).
Vol. xxiii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. a2
Although the two species are almost antipodal in their re- spective ranges, it is not exceptionally remarkable to find such a distribution. Sport Island is the home of two other insects which are almost equally isolated from their near allies. The primitive crane-fly, Protoplasa, occurs here, and finds its only living relative (Tanyderus) in Chile and Australasia. The remarkable may-fly, Siphlonisca aerodromia Ndm. described from this island, finds its near relative in Oniscogaster wake- fieldi, McLach., of New Zealand. The present occurrence, therefore, merely adds one more difficulty to the explanation of the geographical distribution of animals and plants.
1g09—June 12, not rare on Sport Island; July 5, a few. 19to—June 27, male; Aug. 24. 1911—June 21, one male; June 28, several. Gloversville, Power-house Woods, July 3, 1909. Seasonal distribution, June 12-Aug. 24.
The species has been taken only on Sport Island, with the exception of a single specimen at Gloversville, and mainly on the east and northeast coasts, where it may be swept from rank herbage. The vegetation in the places where the species is commonest consists of a dense tangle of herbage, composed mainly of such plants as Onoclea sensibilis, Osmunda clav- toniana, Veratrum viride, Polygonatum biflorum, P. commu- tatum, Laportea canadensis, Actaea rubra, Cryptotaenia cana- densis, Galiwm lanceolatum, Eupatorium urticaefolium, Solidago canadensis, S. rugosa, S. graminifolia, Rudbeckia laciniata and Helianthus decapetalus. The whole undergrowth is thickly in- tertwined with creepers, such as Smilax herbacea, Clematis virginiana, Menispermum canadensis, Celastrus scandens and Convolvulus sepium. It is not common, as a rule, but in June several specimens can generally be taken by sweeping. On June 13, 1909, I found the species swarming and made the following observations:
The species came out at about 7.45 P. M. and at 7.51 P. M. began its flight in under an elm tree at the northeast end of the island. The flight was generally forward, but continually from side to side for a few inches. The flight was quite irregular, always toward the slight north breeze. The whole
73 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | Feb., ’12
swarm would often move away and return, a little later, to the first place. It swarmed within four feet of the ground, generally much lower, averaging, perhaps, two feet. The flight is so irregular that it is difficult to describe. The num- ber of individuals participating in the swarm was about twenty. Other species swarming nearby at the same time were Chir- onomus hyperboreus, var. meridionalis, Joh., and the may-flies, Ephemerella excrucians Walsh, and Siphlonisca aerodromia Ndm.
kody. C. I. Potiuern,
Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 349
Notes on Two Tipulidae (Dipt.). By Cuartes P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.
The following species were taken in Fulton County, New York, during 1909 and 1910. The first species is a novelty and cannot be referred to any of the known genera of crane flies. After a careful examination of the literature, I have de- cided to erect the following genus:
SACANDAGA ¢gen. nov. Subcosta, long; vein R? very short, oblique; no radial cross- vein; Mri+2 fused to margin. Antennae of 16 segments; basal segment rather globular; second globular, cyathiform;
Fig. 1.—Sacandaga flava—dorsal aspect of head; Cotype No. 2.
first segment of the flagellum globular; second to ninth gradu- ally cylindrical; tenth to fourteenth, elongate-cylindrical; all
350 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 1911
of the segments of the flagellum armed with from two to four stiff hairs. Palpus of four segments; fourth segment ir- regularly cylindrical, longer than the third; second about as long as the fourth; first longest; all armed with many stiff hairs. Eyes large, rather approximated behind. Legs rather short, fore legs about 13.5 mm. long; middle, 10.5 mm. long; hind, 13.5 mm. long. Last four tarsal segments very slender at their point of attachment with the segment preceding. The last tarsal joint is small, irregular in shape, rather smooth on the outer face; inner face, concave, with slight convexities at each end, the proximal with from six to eight hairs, the distal one with a single conspicuous bristle on each side, the whole inner face being rather finely clothed with hair; at the base of the segment on the outer face, are about four stiff hairs. Penultimate segment generally similar to the fifth in shape and
Fig. 2.—Sacandaga flava—middle leg, showing last two tarsal segments.
size, but more thickly covered with stout hairs. Claws long, slender, smooth, those of the posterior legs nearly two-thirds as long as the fifth tarsal segment.
This genus belongs to the tribe Polymedini (Eriopterini of authors.) It is most similar in venation to Empeda and Goniomyia, which it approaches in the shape of cell R2. It is easily distinguished by the much greater length of subcosta, lack of radial cross-vein, the deflection of Cu! fusing with M$
a
Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 351
under cell first M2 (discal cell of Osten Sacken), not proxi- mal to it, and the consequent insignificant fusion of Cu’ with M%. The resemblance to these two genera is probably merely accidental, as, in general appearance, the flies are very different.
The type, and only known species, is:
Sacandaga flava sp. nov.
Type—Alcoholic 9, in C. U. collection; Sport Is., Sacan- daga River, June 12, ‘09. Cotypes; (1) Sport Island, July 5, ’o9 (collection Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.). (2), 8 ; June 27, ’10; same locality. (3), ¢ 5; June 12, ‘09; same locality. (4), Gloversville, N. Y., July 3, ’oo.
Length 5 mm.; wing, from 6 to 7 mm. See table of leg measure- ments at the end of description.
Antenne blackish-brown; first segment, head and palpi, reddish- brown; eyes black.
Thoracic dorsum with a broad median stripe of reddish-brown on a more yellowish ground, beginning on the anterior margin of the prescutum, terminating within a short distance of the posterior margin. To the side of this, and more or less distinctly separated from it, is a broad stripe, beginning near the caudal end of the scutum and extending forwards on the side of the prescutum to near the middle of the latter. A narrow brown stripe extends from the anterior margin of the prescutum to the cephalic margin of the neck. Sides of the neck and thorax, honey-yellow, becoming infus- cated toward the venter. Legs dusky yellow; halteres light yellow throughout. Abdomen dirty yellowish. Wings hyaline, opalescent; stigma somewhat distinct.
Details of venation of the species: Subcosta long, Scr at least five times the length of Sc2. Radius quite long, parallel to subcosta till the latter ends, and then parallel to costa for a short distance, at its tip sharply turned upward. The radial sector arises near the middle of R. R2 is very short, oblique, shorter than the cross-vein r-m and only one quarter the length of R3. R3 a trifle longer than R2+3. Basal deflection of R4+5 as long as R2; beyond the r-m cross- vein, the vein runs nearly parallel between R2+3 and M1+2.
Media: basal deflection of M1+2 about one-half the length of R2; thence, to the m cross-vein, twice the length of R2. Basal deflection of Mz equals R2. Fused portion of M3+ Cur equal to one and one- half R2. Second deflection of M3, two-thirds the length of R2.
352 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 1911
Cubitus: Basal deflection of Cur (great cross-vein of Osten Sack- en) two-thirds the length of C2 or one and one-half R2.
1st Anal, nearly parallel to cubitus, more divergent toward the wing-margin. 2nd Anal, gently bisinuate and diverging posteriorly, leaving cell 1st A very large.
p<
Ne
Fig. 3.—Sacandaga flava—wing; Cotype No. 3.
Cell R2 is triangular, small; cell 1st M2 (discal cell of Osten Sacken) hexagonal, small. The proportions of the veins holds good in the specimens examined but may vary somewhat in a large series.
Leg measurements of cotype No. 2 (¢):
FORE MIDDLE HIND Femora 3.6 mm. 3.6 mm. 4.9 mm. Tibia 4305 BE) ake Aout Tarsus... yep Bo) Vis 235).°° 2h afro: ae MOM Tai «go “ OO ssn waveeoccceoeeret eS ary 28h 2a) ct OE WT esas daawtnpeens oles bra iss STAR oe SCS SARE eee 5 13). ne Tay Sey pio tal Pessesapensneeeeates 13.27 mm. to.60 mm, 13.27 mm.
More complete notes on the habits and occurrence will be given in “Fulton Co. (New York) Tipulide; Pt. IL.”
Adelphomyia senilis.
A second species which deserves mention is a little crane-fly of the tribe Limnophilini. It belongs to the genus Adel- phomyia, hitherto known only from the Old World, and is un- doubtedly the same as the common European, A. senilis Hali- day. The specimens at hand, over a hundred in number, agree
Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 353
so closely with Loew’s detailed description (as Cladura fuscula, Beschr. Europ. Dipt. III, p. 65), that it must be referred to senilis until a comparison with European specimens proves it otherwise.
The fly is very common in Fulton County, New York, in late summer and early autumn, and with the exception of the all-predominant Cladura flavoferruginea O. S., is the most common Amphinomine (Limnobine) at this season.
The venation, as shown by figure 4, is, in general, similar to a Phylidorea (Limnophila), but Sc! is longer than in any of the species of this genus in Eastern America, at least. All of the distal cells possess long prominent hairs on the membrane. These hairs occur all over cells 2nd R!, R?, Rk’. R°, M1, M?,
Fig. 4.—Adelphomyia sentlis—wing.
M3, Cu!, a few in cell 2nd M? (discal cell of authors), and a few on the extreme distal edge of cells Cu, R and Sc!. There is never any of this hairiness on the proximal half of the wing as in Ulomorpha and the character of the hair is different in the two genera.
Adelphomyia senilis might be mistaken for a small Phyli- dorea, but it is smaller than any of the described Eastern spe- cies. From Ulomorpha, it readily separates by its smaller size, presence of cell M! and characters mentioned above.
In Fulton County, New York, the species is well distributed, as follows:
(1) Woodworth’s Lake; alt. 1665 ft.; Aug. 21, 22, ‘og; Aug. 22, 1910.
-(2) Sport Is.; Sacandaga R.; alt. 750 ft.; one only, Aug. 24,
IQIO.
354 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 1911
(3) Johnstown; alt. 600 ft.; Aug. 31-Sept. 22, 1910.
(4) Gloversville; alt. 1000 ft.; Sept. 23, 1910.
Mr. M. D. Leonard, a most careful student of the family, took two specimens at Ridgewood, Bergen Co., N. J. (Brook, Ridgewood Heights, Sept. 16, 1910), thereby adding an inter- esting species to the New Jersey State list.
Besides receiving help from a number of students at Cornell, I wish, especially, to thank Dr. J. G. Needham for his very kind assistance throughout the course of this study.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 287
NEW TIPULIDAE (DIPTERA). BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, ITHACA, ‘N. Y. The following crane-flies are believed to be new to science :
Adelphomyia minuta, sp. Nov.
Antenne, first segment light reddish-yellow, remainder light brown, with a thick, white pubescence ; rostrum reddish-brown, palpi brown ; front and vertex reddish-yellow, thinly grayish-pruinose ; a row of pale yellow hairs along the inner margin of the eye ; occiput reddish-yellow. Pronotum yellow ; mesonotum, preescutum brownish-yellow, with a thin white bloom, a row of long yellow hairs on either side of the median line ; scutum and scutellum pale yellow ; metanotum almost white. Abdomen: yellow, with a white pruinosity on the caudal margin and with long scat- tered yellow hairs ; ovipositor brownish-yellow. Halteres yellow, knob barely darker. Legs pale yellow, darker on the tibize and tarsi. Wings hyaline, stigma indistinct, yellowish ; veins pale yellow, C, R and Cu somewhat brownish.
Subcosta quite long, extending almost to the anterior margin of cell R;; Sc, far distant from the tip of Sc,, so that Sc, is four times the length of Sc,. Radius long, cross-vein x far back from tip, about four times its length and near to the anterior end of cell R. As moderately long, arcuated at origin, about equal to Rg; R.,, from one to one and one-half the length of the basal deflection of Cu,; basal deflection of R,,; about one-half of cross-vein 7-m ; 7-m usually about as long as the basal deflec- tion of Cu,. Petiole of cell M, (M23) usually long, two-thirds the radial sector. Cu, usually about twice the basal deflection of Cu,. Basal deflection of Cu, under the middle of the discal cell. In most specimens the cross-vein 7 is much reduced, or even lacking, due to the great length. of the second deflection of Mg.
Length, 2, 3.3-4.4 mm.; average, 3.6 mm.; wing, 4.1—4.2 mm.
Length, 9, 4 5-4.9 mm.; average, 4.7 mm.; wing, 4.6-4.7 mm.
Type.— ¢, Coy Glen. Ithaca, N. Y., May 21, ’rr.
Co-types.—12 ¢s, 3 9S; same time and place as the type.
This tiny species is quite similar in venation to the species which fF have determined, provisionally, at least, as Adelphomyta senilis Hal. In that species cross-vein 7 is always present in the scores of specimens examined. .
The two species are of nearly the same size, with minufa averaging smaller. Although the distal cells of the wings of semz/is are notably
August, 1911
=
288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
pubescent, and of ménuta entirely glabrous, except in a few abnormal specimens, I have no hesitation in referring both species to the same genus, because of the similarity of venation and genitalia of the d. The valves of the ovipositor of the 2 are much more curved in méinuta than in senz/ts.
The species was very common on rank vegetation near rapids in Coy
Glen.
Phylodorea subcostata, 0. sp.
3.—Eyes black, with a purple reflection. Antenne, first segment, elongate-cylindrical, somewhat broader distally ; second globular ; third to last similar to one another in shape, cylindrical-ovate, with four or five long black hairs arranged in a partial verticil about the center; the last few joints are more slender and shorter than those preceding ; antenne black, with a thick gray pubescence throughout; the extreme base of segment three is brown in some specimens. Rostrum and palpi black. Entire head black, with a gray pruinosity. Pronotum light gray pruinose ; mesonotum black, with a thin yellow bloom on the sides, middle of prae- scutum shiny black ; postscutum gray-pruinose. Metanotum gray. Sides of thorax, including base of cox, thickly gray-pruinose. Fore leg, tip of coxa, trochanters and basal third of femur light yellow ; remainder of femur, tibia and tarsus dark brownish-black ; middle leg similar to fore, but apical half of femur dark coloured ; hind leg similar to fore, but only the apical third of the femur is dark, tibia paler brown ; tarsus as in fore leg. Halteres rather long, yellow throughout. Abdomen above black, the dorsum of each segment being paler in the basal two-thirds ; genitalia black ; beneath dirty blackish-yellow.
Wings hyaline, stigma rather indistinct, brown ; veins at base of wing strongly yellow, giving this colour to the wing at this region ; subcosta is yellow for its entire length, the other veins for a short distance only ; radius and costa of a paler brown than the other veins.
9 .—Similar to ¢, but genital segment light brown.
Subcosta long, fork very close to tip, Sc, being about twice as long as Sc,, ending anterior to cell Ry. Radius long, cross-vein y at tip ; radial sector often angulate, with a spur at the angulation, rather short, longer than R,, but not as long as Rs. Vein Ry,; about equal to the basal deflection of Cu, Basal deflection of Ry,,; shorter than Rg, ; cross-vein r-m two-thirds the length of the basal deflection of Cu,. Petiole of cell M, (vein M;,»), variable in length, from as long as the 7-m cross-vein, to
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 289
one and one-half the length of the basal deflection of Cu, or from two- fifths the length of cell M, to nearly twice as long as this cell. Very considerable variation occurs in the two wings of the same specimen. Basal deflection of Cu,, under the middle of cell rst, Ms. Cu, equal to, or very little longer than, the basal deflection of Cu, Cu,+Mg, about equal to basal deflection of Cu, Cells Rs, R; and rst M, usually in one line.
Length, $, 5.9-6.3 mm.; 92, 6.5-7.3 mm.; wings, ¢, 2, 6.5 mm.
Type.— ¢, Coy Glen, Ithaca, N. Y., May 21, ’r1. :
Co-types.— 2? 2, Coy Glen, May 21,’11 ; 2, Six-Mile Creek, Ithaca, N. Y., May 21, ’11. (Thompson and Rutherford.)
This species belongs to the /ratria group, and appears to be closest to costatz Coq. from New Mexico ; from frafria and costata it differs in being much smaller and decidedly distinct in coloration.
1911] Morse—Orthopterological Work of Mr. S. H. Scudder 191
masterly in execution, inspiring in word and deed; but in science— the pursuit of truth—it must not be done blindly, it is necessary to preserve an unbiased attitude and accept or reject conclusions independently.
Personally Mr. Scudder was the highest type of a scholarly gentleman: a broad-minded, dignified, cultivated, courteous savant, in whom were united the finest attributes of the scholar and man of science; yet genial withal, and most kind and helpful to the inquiring student. Well do I remember the cordial weleome he extended to me, an unknown quantity, in response to the rat-a- tat of his laboratory knocker,—that quaint conceit, a knocker in the form of a locust, beating upon the door with its hind legs!— when I first called upon him, as well as the many delightful hours spent there afterward in the study of his collection. His unrivaled library, rich in everything entomological and as complete as possible in his specialty; his collection, unequaled in America, containing specimens from the ends of the earth; and most of all the man himself, well-versed in many branches of the science, made his laboratory the Mecca of every entomologist, resident or migrant, native or foreign.
In those days (the 90’s) the Cambridge Entomological Club met there, its members few but determined to keep the lamp alive and maintain the high traditions of an earlier time. Mr. Scudder was a host in himself; Roland Hayward, now with the great major- ity, was very regular in attendance; Mr. Henshaw came frequently, less often in the later years; Messrs. Bowditch and Emerton, still with us, occasionally appeared; rarely, birds of passage visiting the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy or Mr. Scudder himself, among them Dr. Geo. H. Horn, Prof. Lawrence Bruner, and other entomologists of note; and among the younger men, while resident in Cambridge, I recall especially J. W. Folsom and W. L. Tower, both of whom have since made their mark.
This period was at the flood tide of Mr. Seudder’s productive- ness on the orthoptera. Never a meeting passed but that he had something to communicate ;—additional or newly worked material, new discoveries based on his studies, or notes of interest gleaned from his wide reading of entomological literature. Those were indeed, golden days
192 Psyche [December
“When every morning brought a noble chance, And every chance brought out a noble”
theme from Mr. Seudder’s pen.
In the spring of 1897 Mr. Scudder made a proposal which led to my spending the summer on the Pacific Coast in search of the Orthoptera of that region. On the way out I stopped for a few days in southern New Mexico with Professor Cockerell and col- lected there. The material thus secured, amounting to several thousand specimens, was shared between us, the bulk of it re- maining in my collection, but was determined almost wholly by Mr. Scudder, though the Xiphidiini and Tettiginse were worked up by me at his special request. No report on the collection as a whole has ever been prepared but upon it were based in large part a series of short papers by Mr. Scudder during the late 90’s, papers which form a very considerable contribution to the knowledge of the orthoptera of that region. The weekly, sometimes daily, postal card bulletins which Mr. Scudder sent me during the proc- ess of identification, announcing progress and new discoveries, remain among my treasured mementoes of a delightful and all too brief association with one of the truly great men of his time.
SYNONYMICAL, AND OTHER NOTES ON THE TIPULID (DIPTERA).
By Cuarues P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.
The question as to whether, or not, the name Li mnophila, Mac- quart (Nat. Hist. Dipt., Vol. I, p. 95, 1834) can be retained for the well-known genus of crane-flies, has faced every student of Tipulide since the time of Rondani. Rondani in his “Prodromus Dipterol. Italice’’ (Corrigenda, IV, 1861) stated that this generic name was preoccupied in the Mollusca and proposed the new name, Limnomya.
A careful study of conchological literature failed to find any mention of a genus Limnophila, but constant reference to a sub- order of that name. G. W. Tryon, Jr., “Structural and Systematic
Cai CM frbesowc
s ee Pricer Aeparte
1911] Alexander—Synonymical and Other Notes on the Tipulide (Diptera) 1938
Conchology” (Vol. III, p. 92, 1884), gives Limnophila, Hart- mann, as a synonym of the suborder Hygrophila, Ferrusac (order Basommatophora). Dr. Paul Fischer in his great work, “Manuel de Conchyhologie et de Paléontologie Conchyologique (Paris, 1887, p. 503) concerning the suborder Hygrophila, states that the suborder Limnophila is a synonym.
It is, of course, possible that a genus Limnophila was erected in the Mollusea in 1828, in which case the name of the Tipulid genus would become Limnomya, Rond., this being the first term applied to the genus as a whole, although the sub-genera Ela@ophila, Ron- dani (56); Lastomastex, O.S. (60); Prionolabis, O.S. (60); Dac- tylolabis, O.S. (60) and Dicranophragma, O.S. ('60) were erected before this genus. One, [dioptera, Macq. (Nat. Hist. Dipt., I, p- 94) was proposed even before Limnophila. However, these names are used by many authorities as full genera, and by others as sub-genera, all applying to groups of species contained in the old genus Limnophila. If any change should have to be made, it would be better to use the name which first covers the genus as a whole.
If there is no genus Limnophila in the Mollusca prior to 1834, then the Tipulid name is perfectly valid because that section of the rules of nomenclature that deals with synonymy decrees that “the laws of synonymy appertain only to genera, subgenera, species and sub-species’’ and consequently the Suborder Lim- nophila is outside the field.
The late Mr. D. W. Coquillet on p. 590 of his invaluable publi- cation, “The Type species of the North American genera of Dip- tera’ has placed the American species of the genus Limnophila in Bigot’s genus Phylidorea (Bigot, Synoptic Table, etc., p. 456).2 As explained by Osten Sacken (Studies on Tipulidze, pt. II, p. 234, 235)° the genus Phylidorea is merely a synonym of Limnophila.
Bigot, l. ¢., p. 456, states that “the species of Limnophila, Macgq., provided with a discal cell are my true Tipulid@ and re- ceive the new generic name, Phylidorea, Bigot.” But Osten Sacken, ]. ¢., p. 235, remarks, “what species Mr. Bigot places in
1 Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 37, pp. 499-647 (1910). 4Bigot. Ann. Soc. Entom., France, pp. 447-482 (1854). + Osten Sacken, C. R., Berliner Entom. Zeitschr., Bd. XXXI, Heft II, pp. 163-242 (1887).
194 Psyche [December
his genus Limnophila without discal cell is not explained in his paper and I am not aware of the existence of any such species.”
Consequently, the species in the New World, as well as the Old, should be known as Limnophila, but it would be better to accept the prior name Petaurista (Meigen, 1800) as the tribal name, 7. e., Petauristini instead of Limnophilini.
There are a few corrections in synonymy to be made. Tvpula costalis, Say of the Eastern United States (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, IIT, 23.2, 1823) is preoccupied by Macromastix cos- talis, Swed. of Australia. (Tipula costalis, Swederus; Act. Holm, 286, 1787.) No other name seems to have been applied to the costalis of Say, and I propose the name Tipula sayi, nom. nov. (non Oropeza sayi, Johns). Dicranomyia brunnea, Grimshaw, of Hawaii (Fauna Hawaiiensis, III, 1901) is preoccupied by D. brunnea Doane (Eastern United States) (Jour. New York Ent. Soe. VIII, 1900) and its describer should propose a new name for the Hawaiian insect. In the “Type-species of Am. Dipt.,” the late Mr. D. W. Coquillet states that the type of Holorusia, Loew, is grandis, Bergr. Bergroth (Ent. Tidskr, TX, 1888) proposed the name grandis to replace rubiginosa, preoc., on the grounds that Holorusia is not distinct from Tipula. If the genus Hol- orusia is to be considered as distinct as is done by Mr. Coquillet, the type is still rubiginosa, Loew, and not grandis, Bergr.
DescripTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
In the description of the following species of crane-flies, I have adopted many of the suggestions proposed by Mr. R. A. Mutt- kowski in his splendid article ““The Composition of Taxonomic Papers.” (Ann. Ent. Soe. Amer., June, 1911; Vol. IH, No. 2, pp. 194-217). Concerning the thoracic structure, the terminology given by Mr. R. E. Snodgrass, “The Thorax of Insects and the Articu- lation of the Wings” (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXXVI, pp. 568, 569; pl. 62; figs. 173, 174; pl. 63, figs. 175-178) is largely used. The best paper on crane-fly genitalia, is, without question, that by Mr. Snodgrass on “The Hypopygium of Tipulidae.” (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXX, June, 1904; pp. 179-236, pl. VIII, XVIII.) The terminology used therein has been adopted in the present paper,
1911] Alexander—Synonymical and Other Notes on the Tipulidae (Diptera) 195
but it would be desirable could we have a common terminology for all of the Dipterous families, if not for all the orders of insects.
I wish to thank Dr. A. D. MacGillivary, of Ilinois, for advise on certain points; Dr. J. C. Bradley, for the Georgia material herein included, and, especially, Dr. J. G. Needham for kind advice and assistance upon many points.
Limnophila similis sp. nov.
Male. Dark brownish-black; L. 7.5 mm.; wing, 9 mm. Rostrum brownish-yel- low, darker at the tip; palpi dark brownish-black; front, vertex and gene, light gray. Antenne: first segment elongated, cylindrical, as long as segments two, three and four combined, brown; second segment, globular, reddish-brown; remain- ing segments generally similar to one another in shape, cylindrical, armed with long black verticils and clothed with a fine yellow pubescence.
Thorax: Pronotum, dark brown with a fine pubescence; mesonotum: anterior portion of the prescutum, glabrous, shining black; remainder with a yellowish- brown bloom; a regular V-shaped row of yellowish-brown hairs, extending from the caudal end of the naked patch described above, posteriorly to near the transverse suture; scutum, scutellum and postnotum with a gray bloom, the scutum with scattered hairs; scutellum with a transverse row of yellowish-hairs along the caudal margin. Metanotum gray. The pleura dull yellowish-brown; venter, pale yellow, its sides with a gray bloom. Hialteres, pale yellow, the knobs darker, brown. Legs: cox, bright yellow; femora, yellow, tipped with brown; tibiz, brownish-yellow, extreme tip darker; metatarsus yellowish-brown, the remainder of the tarsi, dark brown.
Abdomen, dark brown, densely covered with long, pale brown hairs, the genital segment brighter brown. Genitalia: the pleura is moderately long, thickly armed with very long dark brown hairs; these hairs as long as the apical appendages. The dorsal apical appendage, pointing meso-caudad, chitinized at the tip, toothed; the ventral appendage thickened at the base, the slender apical portion short, di- rected caudad. (See fig. 8.)
Wings of a whitish color; cells C and Se tinged with yellow; stigma, brown; basal deflection of Ri-+s, base of R, and the deflection of Cu: with brown clouds; distal portion of cells 2d R:, R:, Rs: and R:;, tinged with darker. Venation: al- most exactly as in L. adusta, O.S., both agreeing in the following essentials: Rs very short, arcuated at its origin; Rs rather short, oblique, with the radial cross- vein near its middle and at the tip of Ri; 2d Anal similar in the two species. (See fig. 4.)
Female. Similar to the male; L. 8-9 mm.; w. 10-10.5 mm. Generally similar to the male, but the mesothoracic scutum and scutellum are covered with a yel- lowish-brown bloom; postnotum with a gray bloom; abdomen pale yellow with light brown apical rings on the segments; abdomen beneath, light yellow with brown caudal margins to the segments.
196 Psyche {December
Limnophila similis is allied to adusta, O.S., but is much darker in coloration, dark brown, not red or yellow. In adusta, the ventral apical appendage of the male hypopygium (see fig. 9) is thick- ened on both sides of the base; in similis (see fig. 8) the thicken- ing is all on one side (cephalic margin in the normal position of rest). The slender portion of this appendage is much longer than the thickened base in adusta, shorter than this base in similis. The dorsal appendage in adusta is long, slender, thickened on the inner margin of the chitinized tooth, in similis much shorter. The gonapophyses are much smaller in similis than in adusta, but have not yet been studied critically.
Holotype: male; Johnstown, N. Y. (Hale’s Creek) June 10, “10:
Allotype: female; with the type.
Para-type: female; Johnstown, N. Y., June 26, 10.
Swept from vegetation near water; Coll. C. P. Alexander.
Limnophila noveboracensis sp. nov.
Male and female. Brownish-yellow; legs, yellow; L. male, 5.2-5.8mm. Female 7-8 mm.; W. male, 6.5 mm.; female, 7—7.5 mm.
Rostrum, light brown; palpi with numerous long hairs, brown; front and ver- tex yellow with a light gray bloom, producing a silvery effect. Antenna: Ist seg- ment, elongate, cylindrical; 2d, more globular, both segments brown, armed with scattered black hairs; segments of the flagellum becoming gradually more and more elongated and slender, yellowish-brown, with a rather short pubescence and long scattered verticils. Front, vertex and the prolonged occiput, thickly beset with long, brown hairs.
Thorax: surface opaque; Pronotum, brownish-yellow; the neck with a gray pubescence. Mesothorax: prascutum, yellowish-brown; a distinct humeral pit on the latero-anterior margin, brownish-black; no distinct thoracic stripes; a conspicuous double dot near the cephalic margin of the prescutum. Remainder of the mesothoracic and the metathoracie dorsums, light brownish yellow. Pleure pale brownish-yellow. Halteres pale, the distal portion of the knob darker. Legs: cox yellow; femora and tibi pale yellow, the extreme tips barely darker; tarsal segments excepting the metatarsus, yellowish-brown.
Abdomen hairy, brownish above, paler, yellowish, beneath; genitalia, light.
Wings hyaline, or nearly so; stigma indistinct; veins pale brown. Venation: Sc long, extending almost to the inner margin of cell Rs. Se: about twice the length of Ses. R long, the cross-vein r far from its tip, at least twice its own length. Rs long, gently arcuated at its origin; petiole of cell Rs, short, from one-fourth to two- fifths as long as vein R2; Rs long, sinuate; Ri+s between Rs and the cross-vein r-m, longer than this cross-vein. M1; beyond the cell Ist M:, longer than this cell.
1911] Alexander—Synonymical and Other Notes on the Tipulide (Diptera) 197
Basal deflection of Cu: anterior to the middle of cell Ist M2. R:+:, so arcuated that Rg is not in a direct line with Rs. 2d Anal vein curved sharply inward at its tip. Cell Rs is decidedly anterior to cell Rs and about on a level with cell Ist M:. M,-+: fused to the wing-margin, eliminating cell Mi. (See fig. 3.)
Limnophila noveboracensis comes in the same category with lenta, O.S., quadrata, O.S.; nigrilinea, Doane and antennata, Coq. in that it lacks cell M,. It differs from these species as follows:
L. lenta, O.S. (fig. 1) (E. U.S.) has: Se, slightly longer than Ses; petiole of cell Ry (R2+ 3) rather long, two thirds the length of R.; cross-vein 7 usually just beyond the fork; vein Ry short, ob- lique; R, almost on a straight line with Rg; cells R3, Rs and 1st Mz all on a level; distal portion of vein Mz rarely longer than cell Ist Mo; R, usually short, arcuated at origin; coloration, ochra- ceous-yellow.
L. quadrata, O.S. (fig. 2) (E. U.S.) has: Ses longer than Se; petiole of cell R, (R2+3) nearly as long as Ry; the cross-vein 7 in- serted just beyond the fork; vein R» short, oblique; R, in a straight line with Rs; cells Rg, R; and 1st Mz all on a level; distal portion of vein M3 about as long as cell Ist Ms; R, long, gently arcuated near its origin; coloration yellowish-gray.
L. nigrilinea, Doane (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VIII, p. 190) (W. U.S.; Olympia, Wash.) has: Petiole of cell Ry one and one half the length of the basal deflection of Cu,; cross-vein r slightly re- moved from tip of R,; cell Rg slightly anterior to cell R;; general color yellow, with a black dorsal band. L. (female) 12 mm.; distal portion of wings pubescent.
L. antennata, Coq. (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIII, pp. 58, 59) (W. Am.; Brit. Col.) has: Petiole of cell Ry obliterated or nearly so; cross-vein r at the tip of R,; cell Rg slightly anterior to cell R;; general color black; antennz of the male long, reaching the base of the 6th abdominal segment.
Although noveboracensis agrees, superficially, with lenta and quadrata, it belongs to a very different group of species. In all respects except the presence of cell M,, this species is a typical member of the luteipennis group of the genus. ‘The four species, luteipennis, contempta, inornata and the present species, agree in possessing the following group characters: Structure of the head, narrowed and prolonged behind; neck produced forewards to
198 Psyche [December
meet the caudal portion of the head; structure of the antennz; the pronounced humeral pits, and the double dot on the meso- thoracic praescutum; venation; cell R; longer than cell R;; vein R; arcuated; 2d A strongly incurved at tip, ete.
Holotype: male. Sacandaga Park (Fulton Co.), N. Y., along the R. R. embankment, June 28, 1911.
Allotype: female; with the Holotype.
Para-types: 3, in the type-locality, June 21, “11.
Para-types: 10, in the type-locality, June 28, °11.
Para-types: 3, Coy Glen, Ithaca, N. Y.; July 11, *11.
Common on rank vegetation, usually near running water; Coll. C. P. Alexander.
L. noveboracensis is common, and apparently widely distributed in the North. The type locality is in the Southern Adirondack Mts. (N. Y.). The species is common about Ithaca, N. Y. (Coy Glen), and there are specimens in Dr. Needham’s - collection labelled “Walnut Lake, Mich., July 8, 1906.”” It has probably been confused with L. quadrata in collections. The figure in Dr. Need- ham’s Report on the Crane-flies of New York (23d Rept. of the N. Y. State Entomol., pl. 18, fig. 6) is not quadrata but belongs to this new species. The specimen of L. luteipennis, mentioned by Osten Sacken (Monographs, etc., IV, p. 218) where he says “I possess a specimen without petiolated (second) posterior cell in both wings” may possibly belong to noveboracensis.
Limnophila (Prionolabis) simplex sp. noy.
Male. Dark brown; L. 11 mm.; w. 11.5 mm. Described from an alcoholic specimen. Rostrum pale; palpi brown; front, occiput and vertex, dark brown; antennze, dark brown.
Thorax: pronotum, dark brown. Mesonotum, prescutum and scutum dark brown, the scutellum lighter brown. Metanotum dark brown. Pleure dark brown. Halteres uniformly pale. Legs: cox brown; trochanters brownish- yellow; base of femora, brownish-yellow, gradually darker to the tip; tibis, yel- lowish-brown, the tip suddenly darker; tarsi dark brown.
Abdomen: dorsum, light reddish-brown, the 8th segment rather darker; hypo- pygium, brown, the pleura medium-brown, paler mesally; apical appendages yel- low with the tips chitinized, brownish-black. Genitalia: hypopygium, tergal portion rather deeply notched, the notch obtuse, the sides produced posteriorly into short blunt points; pleura, rather short, armed with long, numerous black hairs. The apical appendages two, the ventral one produced posteriorly, elongate,
1911] Alexander—Synonymical and Other Notes on the Tipulide (Diptera) 199
toothed along the inner face of the tip; teeth relatively few, one tooth, near the middle, relatively larger than those below it. The anterior, or dorsal apical ap- pendage is simple, unarmed, projecting mesally, curved so that the tip projects slightly caudad. The Anal tube is long, almost concealing the guard of the penis; the second gonapophyses are long and slender; the guard of the penis is bent strongly ventrad near its tip. (See fig. 10.)
Wings: light yellowish-gray, the cells all uniform in coloration; stigma rather indistinct, gray; a pale gray cloud at the base of Rs; pale clouds along R: +s, basal deflection of Ruts, cross-vein m, deflection of Mi-++2, and along the basal deflection of Cu; Cu tinged with brown. Venation as in Limnophila rufibasis, O.S. to which this species is related.
This species belongs to the sub-genus Prionolabis, O.S., and is closely related to L. (P.) rufibasis, O.S. of the Eastern States. It differs in the following respects: L. rufibasis has the costal and subcostal cells much richer yellow than the other cells of the wing; stigma clear-cut, dark brown; markings along the cord of the wing and along Cu, much darker. Base of the femora bright yellow, not tinged with brown. The deciding difference lies in the shape of the anterior apical appen- dage of the male genitalia, which, in rufibasis (See fig. 11) is bifurcated with the ventral arm toothed, whereas in simplex (see fig. 10), it is simple. The species, L. munda, O.S., which is also referred to the subgenus Prionolabis is very distinct from either of the above.
Holotype: male, Gainesville, Ga., April 2, 1911; Coll. J. Gy, Bradley.
It is probable that some of Osten Sacken’s specimens of rufi- basis (Monographs, ete., IV, p. 226) belong to this new species, as he says “the wings are more yellowish in the larger specimens and more grayish in the smaller ones.’”’ The drawing of the genitalia (id., pl. IV, fig. 27) is highly diagrammatic.
Polymera georgiae sp. nov.
Male. Dark brownish black; L. 4.2-5 mm.; w. 5 mm., ant. 5.75 mm. Described from alcoholic specimens.
Rostrum and palpi, light brown; front and vertex, dark brown; eyes, black, the ommatidia large, few in number; antenn: first segment, short, round, brown; second segment, rounded, brown; third, very elongated, cylindrical, brownish-yellow, the tip, pale, whitish; segment with short scattered hairs and a few long delicate ones; segment 4 to 16, generally similar to one another in shape, elongate-cylindrical, swollen near each end, the swellings armed with short, scattered hairs and on the third to fifth segments with scanty long delicate ones; segments brown, pale at the ends producing an annulated effect.
Thorax: pro-, meso-, and meta-nota, as well as the pleure, dark brownish-black. Halteres brownish-yellow, the knob large, darker. Legs: anterior pair, coxe brown, trochanters light brown; femora, light brown, with a dark sub-apical ring,
200 Psyche [December
the extreme tip yellowish white; extreme base of the tibiew, yellowish white, re- mainder of tibiz, brown; tarsus light yellow, the base of the metatarsus rather darker. Middle pair: femora brown, darkest before the tip; tip abruptly whitish yellow; tibise and tarsi as in fore legs. Posterior pair: coxze brown; femora brown, with a darker subapical band; tip yellowish-white; base of tibia yellow; remainder brown; tarsi, yellowish-white, the terminal segments somewhat darker.
Abdomen dark brownish-black with long conspicuous hairs.
Wings: grayish brown throughout; venation: quite similar to P. albitarsis. Will. (Dipt. St. Vincent; P. 296, 297; Pl. 10, fig. 71) (Copied in Needham, Crane- flies (23d Rept. St. Ent. N. Y.; Pl. 21, fig. 2) and Williston, Manual of N. Am. Dipt. (1908); p. 85, fig. 28). However the longitudinal veins in the distal por- tion of the wing are much longer than there shown, the free portions of M; and Cu, longer, the basal deflection of Cu: beyond the fork of M, not at it, ete. (See fig. 5.)
This species differs from P. albitarsis Will. (Is. St. Vincent), in the conspicuous annulated antennz, darker color of the thorax and other colorational differences. From the unsatisfactory de- scription of P. fusca, Wied. (Brazil) (Wiedemann, Aussereur- opiiische zweifl. Inseckt, Vol. I, p. 58, pl. VI b, figs. 3 and 4) it differs in the color of the antennz and feet, and, if the drawing is accurate, in venation. P. obscura, Macq. is similar to fusca and considered a synonym by Kertesz. P. hirticornis, Fabr. (S. America) has white bands on the wings.
The genus is new to the Nearctic fauna, having been recorded, hitherto, only from South America and the Lesser Antilles.
Holotype: male, St. Simon’s Is., Ga., April-May, 1911. Coll. J. C. Bradley.
Para-types: 2 males, with the holotype.
Ormosia apicalis sp. nov.
Male. Yellow and brown; L. 4.5 mm.; w. 5.25 mm. Described from an alco- holic specimen.
Rostrum and palpi brown; front, vertex and occiput, yellowish-brown; anten- ne: Ist segment of the antenne, elongate, cylindrical; second globular; 3d to 8th oval, generally similar to one another in shape; remainder elongated, the segments covered with a short pubescence, and long, scattered hairs; antenne, pale yellowish- white.
Thorax: Pronotum grayish-white. Mesonotum: preescutum yellow with two indistinct brown lines running forwards from the ends of the arms of the V-shaped suture; these lines with numerous black hairs which meet jn front of the suture; an indistinct brown median line; scutum yellow with a row of hairs on either side leading from the ends of the V-shaped suture toward the wing-roots; scutellum whitish-yellow, thickly set with dark hairs; postnotum very pale, almost white.
1911] Alexander—Synonymical and Other Notes on the Tipulide (Diptera) 201
Metanotum yellow; pleure whitish with a tinge of brown. Halteres, pale. Legs, brownish-yellow throughout.
Abdomen, dark brown, pleure somewhat paler; genital segment yellow, tinged with brown in the apical half.
Wings: hyaline, the costal margin somewhat darker. A large, dark spot above the base of the Rs, a second surrounds Sez and a third at the tip of Ses, extending down over cross-vein r. The whole apical portion of the wing from the stigma down to the median veins is blackish. Dark clouds on the basal deflection of Cur and cross-vein rm; base of wing between R and Cu dark; veins brown; deflec- tion of M:+:, very pale. Venation (see fig. 6): Se long, Sc: ending at a point slightly anterior to the cross-vein r. Sc: remote from the tip of Sc:, about midway between that point and the base of Rs. Rs long, feebly arcuated. Cross-vein r far back from the tip of R; and just beyond the fork of R2+s. R:2+:s longer than the basal deflection of Cu:. Cell Ist M: closed. Basal deflection of Cu: anterior to the fork of M. (Most of the pubescence of the wing disc has become detached due to its being in alcohol with other specimens.)
This species does not seem very closely related to any of the described American forms. The three species with spots on bands on the wings, innocens, O.S., fascipennis, Zett., and nubilus, O.S. are quite distinct in that the spotted and banded effect is brought about by dark hairs, and not by the color of the membrane itself, as in apicalis. It agrees with innocens in the essential features of venation, closed cell Ist Ms, divergent Anal veins, etc.
Holotype: male, Burton, Ga. (May 20, 1911); Coll. J. C. Bradley.
Furcomyia monticola sp. nov.
Male and female. Light yellow and brown; L. male 6-6.5 mm.; female, 7.5-7.8 mm.; w. male, 6.5 mm.; female 7 mm.
Rostrum brownish-yellow; palpi brown, the first segment lighter colored. Front and vertex, brown. Antennz: first segment, cylindrical, light yellow, with a few scattered black hairs; remaining segments rounded-oval, almost monili- form, brown.
Thorax: Dorsum light yellow, marked with brown. Pronotum, very light brown medially. Mesonotum: a straight band of brown beginning near the ce- phalic margin of the prescutum, running backward and expanding out over the caudal portion of the sclerite, in the middle ending just before the V-shaped suture on the sides running to the suture and meeting the mark on the scutum; scutum with two lunate brown marks on each side of the yellow median line; scutellum largely brown; postnotum brown, yellow on the cephalic margin. Metanotum brown. Pleurw clear light yellow, unmarked. Halteres pale, knob slightly darker. Legs light yellow throughout, with numerous black hairs.
Abdomen: dorsum yellowish-brown, the joints of the sclerites darker. Ven- tral surface light yellow; genitalia brownish-yellow. Genitalia of male. (See figs.
202 Psyche (December
12, 13.) The ventral soft fleshy lobes, very large, resembling boxing gloves in shape, covered with scattered hairs pointing posteriorly. From its inner margin, pointing inwards, is a slender arm, terminating in a stout chitinized tooth, armed with denticulz along the cephalic margin; on the caudal margin of this arm, and pointing posteriorly, are two stout bristles. The dorsal arm is chitinized, rather slender, the free portion short, curved, pointing cephalad. The guard of the penis, when viewed from above, is almost straight, the second gonapophyses pointing inwards. Viewed from the side, the penis-guard is strongly decurved ventrally, with a protuberence beyond the middle on the ventral side; the second gonapo- physes, conical, pointing ventrad and armed with numerous hairs at the tip.
Wings: hyaline; stigma light brown, distinct. Venation (see fig. 7); Se mod- erately long, the fork at the origin of Rs, or (usually) somewhat beyond it. Sei, from one to two times as long as Se2. Cross-vein rat the tip of Ri. Deflection of R.+: about one half as longas Rs. Basal deflection of Cu: at the inner end of cell Ist M:. Cross-vein m present, closing cell Ist Ma.
On some of the cotype males, the basal deflection of Cu; is anterior to the fork of M.
This species comes nearest to F. moniliformis, Doane (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1900, p. 184, pl. VII, fig. 8) but differs in the fol- lowing particulars: antennz and palpi brown; markings on tho- racic dorsum very different, as well as decided differences in color of legs, abdomen, wings, ete. Sc, ends beyond the origin of R,, never before it; no pubescence in distal portions of the wings, ete. The forceps of the male are notable and agree in some respects with the brief description of this part in haeretica, O.S. (Mono- graphs IV, p. 70.)
Holotype: male, Black Rock Mt. (Rabun Co.) Ga., alt. 3,000 ft., May 24, 11. Coll. J. C. Bradley.
Allotype: female; with the holotype.
Para-types: 7 males, 1 female, with the holotype.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE
1. Limnophila lenta, O.S.; wing. (Ithaca, N. Y., Aug. 12, ’10.)
2. Limnophila quadrata, O.S.; wing. (Ithaca, N. Y., May 21, 711.)
3. Limnophila noveboracensis sp. nov. Para-type; wing. (Ithaca, N. Y., July 1 een L)
4. Limnophila similis sp. nov. Para-type; wing. (Johnstown, N. Y., June 26, °10.)
5. Polymera georgia sp. nov. Para-type No. 2, wing. (St. Simon’s Is.; Ga., April- May, 11.)
6. Ormosia apicalis sp. noy. Holotype, wing. (Burton, Ga., May 20, °11.)
7. Furcomyia monticola sp. nov. Para-type, wing. (Black Rock Mt., Ga., May 24, ’11.)
—_
Psycue, 1911. Vout. XVIII, Pratre 16.
ALEXANDER— TIPULIDZ
1911] Wheeler—New Ants from Mexico and Central America 203
8. Limnophila similis sp. nov. Holotype, male genitalia. (Johnstown, N. Y., June 10, °10.)
Pleura of the hypopygium; left side; ventral aspect. d. dorsal apical append.; vy. ventral ap. app.
9. Limnophila adusta,O.S. Male genitalia. (Ithaca, N. Y., July 16, ’11.)
As in No. 8 (similis).
10. Limnophila simplex sp. noy. Holotype, male genitalia. (Gainesville, Ga., April 2, °11.)
Pleura of the hypopygium; right side; dorsal aspect. p. posterior, or ventral apical app.; a. anterior, or dorsal apical app.; g. 2d gonapophyses; h. hypopy- gium; w. anal tube; x. guard of the penis; y. pleura.
11. Limnophila rufibasis, O.S. Male genitalia. (Ithaca, N. Y., May 22, ’11.)
As in No. 10 (simpler).
12. Furcomyia monticola sp. nov. Holotype, male genitalia. (Black Rock Mt., Ga., May 24, 11.)
Hypopygium, lateral aspect.
m. guard of the penis. j. 2d gonapophyses. |. ventral apical app.
13. Furcomyia monticola sp. nov. Holotype, male genitalia hypopygium; dorsal aspect.
h. hypopygium; i. pleura; j. 2d gonapophyses; k. dorsal apical app.; |. ven- tral apical app.; m. guard of the penis.
THREE NEW ANTS FROM MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA!
By Wituram Morton WHEELER.
Pheidole tisiphone sp. nov.
Soldier. Length 5.6 mm.
Head large; from above subrectangular, longer than broad, a little broader in front than behind, with nearly straight sides and very feebly excised posterior broader and a short, shallow occipital groove; in profile truncated anteriorly, flat- tened above in front and feebly convex below, with a narrow and very deep scrobe on each side, running obliquely backward and downward just over the eye to the outer border of the gula and ending abruptly at the middle of the head. The edges of the scrobes are sharp and parallel, the upper edges passing anteriorly into the frontal carinee which are very widely separated. Frontal area small, deeply im- pressed, rounded behind. Frontal groove obsolete. Eyes small, about 1-6 the distance from the anterior to the posterior border of the head. Clypeus short and very convex, with a faint, median, longitudinal impression, and entire and deflected
1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Bussey Institution, Harvard Uni- versity, No. 51.
204 Psyche [December
anterior border. Mandibles very convex, with two large, incurved apical teeth. Antenne very short and slender, the scapes curved, but scarcely flattened, less than half as long as the scrobe; funicles longer than the scapes; all their joints longer than broad. Thorax robust, especially in front, without humeral callosities; pro- and mesonotum in profile forming a simple subangular convexity, without a con- striction at the pro-mesonotal suture; mesoépinotal constriction well-developed; epinotum small, its base and declivity sloping, not separated by an angle; spines short, slender and rather blunt, longer than broad at their bases, directed upward and slightly backward, less than half as long as the distance between their bases. Petiole from above about 11% times as long as broad, broadest behind, with con- cave sides, its node rather high, strongly compressed anteroposteriorly, in profile with concave anterior and posterior declivities and seen from behind with straight, entire upper border. Postpetiole 114 times as broad as the petiole, convex above, nearly twice as broad as long, with the sides projecting as blunt angles, which are rounded in front and slightly concave behind. Gaster smaller than the head, ellip- tical. Legs long and stout, with distinctly incrassated femora.
Whole surface, especially that of the gaster, shining. Mandibles coarsely stria- topunctate. Clypeus transversely rugulose-punctate. Head in front longitudi- nally punctate, transversely and arcuately rugulose on the posterior two thirds except the posterior corners which are rather densely reticulate-rugose. Gular surface more shining, punctate. Thorax above, including the epinotal declivity, transversely rugose, pleur shining, more indistinctly rugose. Petiole and post- petiole rather smooth, the latter coarsely punctate on the sides. Gaster and legs glabrous, with small, indistinct, scattered piligerous punctures.
Body, legs and scapes covered with very long, suberect, golden yellow hairs, which are very abundant on the upper surface of the head and clypeus and sparser elsewhere. The hairs on the upper surface of the head are directed backward, those on the clypeus, mandibles and gula forward.
Ferruginous red; legs slightly paler and more yellowish; gaster, borders of man- dibles, clypeus, gula and antennal scrobes, black.
Described from a single worker taken by Mr. Frederick Knab at Almoloya, Oaxaca, Mexico (Nat. Mus. Coll. Type No. _ ). Two workers taken by the same collector in the same locality may belong to this species but they are so unlike the soldier that I deem it best not to describe them.
This extraordinary species is very distinct from all the species of the genus known to me. In the possession of deep antennal scrobes running obliquely downward to the sides of the head, it resembles Ph. aberrans Mayr of South America and Ph. scrobifera Emery of Costa Rica; but the head in these species is much shorter and of a very different shape, the scrobes are shallower and broader, the pilosity and color are very different, and the latter species measures only 2.75 mm. Ph. cavifrons Emery of Uruguay seems
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83
1909. Idem.—Genera Insectorum (dirigés par P. Wytsman), Bruxelles, 97 me fascicule, Family Chalcidide. pp. 427, 464, 465, 468. Table to the genus as in Ashmead (1904) ; brief diagnosis of the genus, listing cod/iguaye, melleus, persimilis and virtdt- cyaneus, Euderus columbianus (p. 427). (See also Kieffer, bionomic note on codliguaye, Révista Chilena de Historia Natural. Organo del Museo de Valpaiso, VII, p. 111.)
NEW AFRICAN 77PULIDA. BY C. P. ALEXANDER, ITHACA, N. Y.
The following species were given by Mr. Chas. W, Howard to Prof. Needham, and later turned over to me for examination. ‘There were four specimens, representing three species, of which two are herein character- ized asnew. Mr. Howard’s remark, that “the species were as thick as gnats,” is interesting.
Styringomylta howard, n. sp. ‘ Holotype.— ¢, brown and gray ; length, 5.25 mm.; wath 74.75 mm. Mouthparts dark brownish black ; palpi, first segment very short ;
second segment large, oval, brown, apical third black ; third more slender, brown, apical two-thirds black ; terminal segment about as thick as the penultimate. Antenne: first segment elongated, gray ; second oval, en- larged at the distal end, remaining segments oval, gradually becoming more elongated to the tip; segments with a short pubescence and long irregular hairs, which are scarcely verticillate ; first segment gray, second dark brown at tip, yellowish at base ; remaining segments pale brownish yellow, the hairs darker ; ommatidia large, coarse, black ; front, vertex, genie and occiput gray, with stout, scattered black bristles.
Pronotum large and prominent, showing an unusually generalized condition ; the scutellum U-shaped, encircling the cephalic margin of the mesothoracic prescutum, with about three prominent bristles on the lateral margin ; the scutum is narrower, running to an obtuse point cephalad, with a group of bristles along the lateral margin. Mesonotum: prascutum with a row of bristles along each side of the median line and a row along the lateral margin, this row incurving near the cephalic margin of the sclerite ; scutum with four bristles on each half; the scutellum with a bristle on either side of the median line ; postscutum and metanotum un- armed. Pronotum brown, pale ‘apically, with an inverted U-shaped pale mark on the scutum ; mesonotum priescutum, middle line pale, remainder
March, 1912
St THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
brown ; scutum grayish brown, yellow along the cephalic margin passing around the black bristle ; scutellum yellow medially, brown laterad of the bristle , postscutum brown ; metanotum brown; sterna yellow; epimera and episterna reddish brown, forming a narrow longitudinal band.
Halteres pale brown, subapically darker brown ; tip yellow. . Legs short and stout, thickly covered with appressed hairs; coxze short, cylin- drical, in the fore leg about as long as the trochanter; in the middle leg shorter than the prominent trochanter ; in the hind leg prominent, much exceeding the shorter and narrower trochanter. Femora rather short, slender proximally, soon thickening so as to become almost clavate distally ; the fore femora have stout, long hairs, which are scattered irregularly amongst the appressed hairs, becoming very numerous near the apical portion of the lower surface of the segment. Tibi slender through- out, tibiz and metatarsi with a few prominent hairs regularly disposed ; the other tarsal segments with a single hair at the tip. The fore femora are as long as the succeeding segments combined ; the hind legs are longer than the others. Fore legs lacking (in the holotype); middle leg, coxz and trochanter light yellow ; femora yellow, with a medial and subapical brown band ; tibiz yellow, with a dark band before the middle and at the tip ; tarsi yellow-tipped with dark brown ; fifth segment and claws dark brown. Hind legs, coxz, trochanters and femora as in the fore leg ; tibiz and tarsi yellow, excepting the last tarsal segment, which is darker.
Abdomen with numerous scattered hairs, yellow ; the apical margins of the segments brown.
Wings with a faint yellow tinge; costal border and radial veins yellow ; remaining veins darker; a dark suffusion around cross-vein 7-7, at the union of M, with M,,, and along the basal deflection of Cu,. Venation (see fig. 2): S, short, approximated with R basally; its tip opposite the origin of R,; R short, the tip of R, before the middle of the
Fic, 2.—Styringomyia howard?, holotype.
wing, the sector originating a short distance back from the tip; R, straight, rather long; R,,, very short, oblique; deflection of R,,; very short,
scarcely equal to the 7-m cross-vein ; R,,, long. M forks anterior to the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 85
fork of R.; deflection of M,,, rather long; M, in a line with M, strongly deflected cephalad toward M,,.. nearly, if not quite, obliterating the cross- vein #. Basal deflection of Cu, under the middle of cell rst My. First anal fused with Cu at extreme base ; 2nd anal strongly curved at tip with a spur at the curve, which may be a remnant of a forked anal.
Paratype.—¢@. This specimen is much darker than the type; the first six antennal segments are dark, remainder yellowish ; thoracic dorsum dark brown, where it is light brown in the type; yellow of abdo- men replaced by dark brownish gray, etc. This is butan extreme in colour.
This species is remarkably similar to the species mentioned by Osten Sacken (Mon. Dipt. N. Am., IV, p. 102, 103). The main differences are in the venation, the elongated cell 1st M, and incurved second anal with a spur at the curve being peculiar to S. howard.
Holotype— ¢, Queliniani, Zambesi R., Dec. 20, ’o8 ; coll. Mr. C. W. Howard.
Paratype.— ¢, with the type.
The only species described from Africa is S. cornigera Speiser (Dipt. aus Deutschland Afrikanischen Kolonieen, p. 130-132, fig. 1*). This insect differs so remarkably from the remaining species of the genus, which otherwise form a homogenous compact group, that I propose to set it off in a new subgenus.
Neostyringomyta, subgen. n.
Char.—Radius long, its tip beyond the middle of the wing; R, re- markably shortened, no longer than the 7m cross-vein; R,,, sinuate, leaving cell R, very different in shape from that which obtains in the sub- genus Styringomyia; cross-vein m long and prominent ; basal fusion of Cu and ist A very long ; prothorax narrow, scarcely one-fourth as wide as the head ; above the antenne a short, bent spatulate horn.
Type.—S. cornigera, Speis.
Cornigera is obviously of more recent derivation than the members of the subgenus Styringomyia, and its venation is almost normal ; the retreat of R,,, toward the base of the wing may give a hint to the manner in which the remarkable venation of Zoxorhina came about, perhaps by the fusion of R,,, with some other vein, such as R,.
A species was described from the Pacific Islands by Grimshaw in rgor, as S. didyma (Fauna hawatiensts, Vol. 3, pt. 1 (Dipt.), pl. 1, figs. 14-16), from Honolulu, Oahu De Meijere, in his recent paper, “Studien
“Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 52 (1907).
86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
uber Siid-ostasiat. Dipteren, V,”’+ records the species from much farther west (Batavia, Java, etc.). Styringomyia didyma belongs to the typical subgenus, and is extremely similar to the fossil species described by Loew** and Osten Sacken, as well as to the species under consideration. All of the species of the subgenus Styringomyta, as here limited, are very similar to one another in venation, and the coloration is inclined to be variable. S. didyma differs from the new species as follows: The wings are shorter in ddyma; R,,; is in a direct line with R,, whereas there is a deflection at the origin of Ry,; in S. howard. Didyma has no spur at the curve of 2nd anal. The coloration of the thorax of the two species is different. The male genitalia of the species have not been studied critically, and must furnish the ultimate criterion. It is, of course, possible that when further collections are made, intermediate stations for the genus will be discovered, and then it may be proved that S. howard: is merely a vari- ant of S. didyma. However, I prefer to describe it as distinct at present.
In the end of Vol. III of the Monograph, p. VII, Osten Sacken came forward with the surprising intelligence that the genus Sty7ingomyia still existed. Hesays: ‘During my passage through Stockholm in 1872, I made the interesting discovery that the genus, besides its occurence in amber and copal, is found living in Africa. I saw several specimens among the unnamed Diptera from Caffraria (from Wahlberg’s voyage) in the Stockholm Museum. ‘The species was apparently different from that included in the copal, which I possess.” Later, in ‘Studies on Tipulide,”* he states, ‘This singular genus, originally described from specimens included in copal from Zanzibar, and also in amber, has been discovered since as still living in South Africa. In the museum in Stockholm I have ~ seen recent specimens brought from Caffraria by Wahlberg.”
Despite Prof. Speiser’s statement (l.c., p. 132), that Osten Sacken probably referred to Lvephantomyia wahlbergi Bergr., when he made the last-quoted statement, I have no doubt but that Osten Sacken saw speci- mens of a true Sty/7ngomyia in Stockholm; an error of this calibre was not customary with Osten Sacken.
Mongoma zambesi@, 0. sp. Pe Holotype.— ?, brown; length, 5.75 mm.; wide, 5-5 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne, first two segments dark
+ Tijschr. voor Entomol., April, 1911, Pp. 40. **Loew, H. Dipterol Beitrige, I, p. 7, with f. (1847). *Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., Bd. XXXI, 1887; Heft., If, pp. 185, 186.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87
brown, third light brown, remainder lacking. Front, vertex, gene and occiput dark brown.
Thorax: Mesothoracic prescutum strongly produced cephalad, entirely covering the pronotum; cervical sclerite elongated, prominent ; transverse suture scarcely V-shaped ; mesothoracic prescutum, dark brown anteriorly, posteriorly with a pale brown median line, which extends back across the scutum, remainder of thoracic dorsum dark brown. Sterna, episterna and epimera brownish yellow ; halteres pale ; legs long, dull brown, at the joints somewhat darker; no processes on the fore femora, as described for AZ. fragillima and M. curtipennis.
Abdomen uniform brown.
Wings hyaline, costal margin yellow, stigma rather indistinct. Vena- tion (see ~fig. 3), Sc very long, as in all members of the genus; R= long, cross-vein 7 near its tip. R, gently arcuated, forking far before the tip
——<
Fic 3.—Mgngornia zambezia, holotype.
of Sc, and in a line with R,,,; the cross-vein 7 far before the fork of Rees; R, short, oblique ; R; long, in a line with R,,,. R,,; fusing with M,,, to form the proximo-anterior border of cell M,, thus obliterating the 7-1 cross-vein. M forks at the lower corner of cell M,, M,,, departing cephalad, fusing with R,,,; for a distance and finally separating, free at the margin; M, in a line with M. Cu short, its fork far back, the free position of Cu, very long, fusing with M, at the fork of M, and continuing to the margin so fused. Cu, fuses with rst A far back from the wing-margin, so that 1st A+ Cu, is over twice the length of the free portion of Cu, alone. 2nd A is very short, suggesting the condition found in Petaurista.
Helotype.— ?, Queliniani, Zambesi R., Dec. 20, ’o8; Mr. C. W. Howard.
The genus AZongoma, of which ten species have been described, has a world-wide distribution in the tropics ; two species have been described from the West Indies, five species from the East Indies and Australia, and three species from Africa. The genus is distinguished by the excessive length of Sc, the obliteration of the radio-medial cross-vein by the long
$8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
fusion of R,,; with M,,,., and the decided tendency of Cu, to fuse with rst A.
The West Indian species (manca and pallida Will., Dipt. St. Vincent, p. 291-293, figs. 6, 7, of paddida) and possibly 17. albitarsia Dol. (E. Ind.), also, which I have not seen, are the most generalized members of the genus, in that Cu, and ist A are distinct to the wing-margin. The inter- mediate group, containing /rentepohlit Wied. (see Wiedemann, Aussereur. Zweifl. Insekt., I, 551; 18, tab. VIb, fig. r2 ; a better figure in De Meijere, Tijd. voor Ent., rgi1, pl. IV, fig. 42); /ragi//ima Westw. (see Westwood, ‘Trans. Ent. Sce. Lond., 1881, pl. 17, fig. 1; also Needham, 23rd Rept., N.Y. St. Ent., pl. 20, fig. 6), and exornata Berg. (Bergr., Entomol. Tidskrift, 1888, opp. p. 130, fig. 3), has Cu, fused with rst A for a short distance back from the tip (Cu,+ tst A less than one-half Cu,),- A third stage in the specialization of this part occurs in JZ. pennipes O. S. (E. Ind). (See De Meijere, l.c., pl. IV, fig. 39.) The maximum of specialization, as far as I know, occurs in the present species, where the fusion of Cu, with rst A is notable, and suggests the condition obtained in the families Empidide and Dolichopodide.
Of the three described African species, JZ. zambeste, comes closest, apparently, to exornata. M. fragillima (and probably AL. curtipennis also, according to Speiser, who compares it with /ragi//ima), has vein My; separating from Cu,, and continuing distinct to the wing-margin ; both of these species possess a curious spur-like structure at the base of the fore femora, which does not occur in JZ. sambesie.
I havea ¢ of AZ. exornata Bergr., taken at Queliniani, Zambesi R., Dec. 20, ’08, in which the fore legs are lacking, and I am unable to state whether or not this structure occurs there. JA/. exornata has been recorded from Delagoa Bay, Portuguese East Africa ; Caffraria, KE. Cape Coiony, and Amani, German E. Africa. It is apparently widely dis- tributed throughout Eastern Africa.
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF A EUROPEAN SPECIES OF MYMARID IN NORTH AMERICA. BY A. ARSENE GIRAULT, BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA,
Up to the present I have been successful in finding but a single species of the family Mymaride, common to Europe and North America. This species is Anaphes pratensis Foerster, which I have captured in Illinois, and of whose characteristics I write of in a paper on Chalcidoidea, to be published soon in Germany ; the species is recorded from America
March, 1912
[Reprinted from JouRNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL Society, Vol. XX, No. 4, December, r912.]
A REVISION OF THE GENUS BRACHYPREMNA OSTEN SACKEN (TIPULID, DIPTERA).'
By Cuas. P. ALEXANDER,
IrHaca, N. Y.
The genus Brachypremna was erected by Osten Sacken in 1886.7 for Tipula dispellens Walker; at the same time Tipula breviventris Wiedemann was definitely referred to this genus. The following year, in part 2 of his “Studies on Tipulide,” the same author described two new species, pictipes and wnicolor, and gave a key (J. c., p. 239) for the separation of the four known species. In 1900, Wil- liston* described the fifth species, similis. I have had for study some fifty specimens of Brachypremne@ received from the various Eastern Museums, and in this material I found all of the known forms except- ing pictipes. There was also included a new species, hereinafter described, and a single specimen of the hitherto unrecognized Tipula albimana of Wiedemann. This name is preoccupied by T. albimana Fabricius (Mantissa Ins., vol. 2, p. 232, 1787) and I propose the name candida for the South American species. The seven species at present known are separated by the included key. Brachypremna eocenica Meunier was recently* described from the baltic amber.
1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Cornell University.
2 Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., Vol. 30, p. 161.
* Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., Vol. 31, pt. 2; pp. 239, 240.
* Biologia Centrali-Americana, Dipt., Vol. 1, Supplement, p. 229.
5 Monograph of the Tipulide and Dixide in the Baltic Amber, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zodl., Vol. 4, p. 394; pl. 16, fig. 6. (Paris, 1906.)
225
226 Journat New York Enromotocicat Society. [Vol. XX.
I am under obligations to Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., for the loan of the material in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; to Mr. Grossbeck for the American Museum forms; to Mr. Samuel Henshaw for the especially desired specimens of Brachypremna uni- color from the Loew Collection, now in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge; to Mr. Fred’k Knab for the extensive collec- tions of the U. S. National Museum, collections which contained all of the six species that I have examined; to Dr. J. Chester Bradley for the Cornell University specimens, especially rich in B. dispellens, and to Mr. E. B. Williamson for some very interesting material, collected on the author’s recent trip to British Guiana. I express my gratitude to all of the above gentlemen, and to others hereinafter mentioned.
CHARACTERS OF THE GENUS.
Head: rostrum elongated; nasus distinct, cylindrical, bearing a number of elongated hairs at its apex; maxillary palpi elongated; segments one and two short, subequal; segment three, half again as long as the second; last as long as two and three together; antennz short; first segment cylindrical; second, globular; flagellar segments elongate-ovate, gradually more slender and elongated, bearing scat- tered hairs.
Thorax: pronotum and collare slender, distinct, so that the head is separated from the mesonotum; legs long and slender, the tarsi almost as long as the femora and tibie combined; hind tibie spurred; the fore and middle tibie apparently spurless.
Wing venation: Sc long, ending opposite (unicolor) or beyond the fork of Rs; Rs strongly arcuated at its origin, almost square but not spurred, longest in unicolor, shortest in candida; R,,, of varying length, shortest, relatively, in unicolor, longest, relatively, in candida; crossvein r long connecting R,,, at the fork; R very pale, vertical, basal deflection of R,,, prominent in all the species excepting unicolor; cross-vein rm, when present, always short; cross-vein m very long, forming the distal face of cell 1st M,; petiole of cell M, moderately long except in unicolor where it is very short; basal deflection of Cu, slightly beyond the fork of M, except in unicolor where it is located at, or proximad of, the fork; fusion of M, and Cu, short, almost nil in unicolor, moderate in most species, longest in
Dee., 1912.) ALEXANDER: REVISION OF BRACHYPREMNA. 227
candida; cell 1st M, large, subquadrate in all the species, except unicolor where it is almost triangular; 2d anal very short, straight, leaving cell 2d A very long and narrow.
From the above it will be seen that wnicolor is the most distinct species, venationally, with candida second. The other species show a great similarity as regards the course of the veins; a character that I have used, should be explained; in the comparison between the length of the sector, beyond the strong basal arcuation, the straight portion of the vein is compared with that portion of M,,, lying between the cross-veins r-m and m, i. e., cephalic margin of cell ist M, (discal).
Abdomen: rather long and narrow. Hypopygium (see text fig-
Hypopygium of Brachypremna dispellens Walk., dorsal aspect.
ure): margin of the 9th sternite convex with a broad, obtuse notch; pleural pieces elongate, cylindrical (in lateral outline, triangular) ; with a deep groove on the ventral face; outer face beset with long hairs; apical appendage, elongate, hairy, the basal half rather fleshy, the apical half chitinized; viewed from the side the chitinized tip is strongly curved with the tip flattened and rather expanded; on the outer side at the base of the chitin, is a stout conical tooth; on the inner face at the end of the fleshy portion of the arm is a fleshy,
228 Journat New York Enrtomotocicat Society. [Vol. XX.
elongated lobe, beset with stout hairs; the guard of the penis is short
and stout; anal tube very short. In a position of rest, the appendages
tightly fit into grooves on the ventral side of the pleural pieces. Ovipositor of the female with the valves rather short, straight,
pointed. Key To THE Species oF Brachypremna O. S.
1. Basal deflection of F,,,; obliterated, so that R.,, and Ry, arise directly from the end of the radial sector; Rs elongate; cell 1st M, sub-triangular; legs
mnitorm ‘brown. © (Antilles) Sey spree .emtate otetaiicte ected ieee unicolor O. S. Basal deflection of R,,,; prominent; Rs shorter; cell 1st M, sub-quadrate; legs variegated with white or yellowish-white...................+-se00e 2
2. Femora with the tip dark, brownish-blacke. <j -iciels os @ aisles nl elalel si leiate siesta 3 Femora with the tip abruptly light-colored, white or yellowish-white........5
3. Tibie uniformly pale, whitish. (East U. S.—Brazil.)...... dispellens Walker. Tibiz more ordless darkicolorediy-ccreriieieite sisteicisleteeteleteiers siete enna ieteetore 4
4. Tibie white at the extreme base only. (Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia.) breviventris Wied. Tibie white at the base and tip. (Guiana—Brazil.)........ williamsoni, n. sp.
5.) Lip of tibie | broadly pales ptarsilpale svete tetateieterte nts sieteleiate eteetietietaleie ieee tata te ee Tip of tibie and the tarsi dark, concolorous with remainder of the legs.
(Mexico—Panamay) ea. azcterve eleteletatssiet elaniier tetera tate similis Williston.
6. Tibie with a narrow dark band, three mm, broad, situated one and one half mm. from the base. a(brazile) menses iin pictipes O. S. Tibie with the dark median band, broad, comprising about half the length of the. segment.) ((Guzata—B ra zal) ere eterno dal alel eet alee a candida n. n.
Brachypremna dispellens Walker.
1860. Tipula dispellens Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., Vol. 5, new series, p. 334. 1878. Tipula dispellens Osten Sacken, Cat. Dipt. N. Am., ed. 2, p. 39. 1886. Brachypremna dispellens Osten Sacken, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., Vol. 30, p. 162. 1900, Brachypremna dispellens Williston, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Dipt., Vol. 1, suppl., p. 229. 1909, Brachypremna dispellens Johnson, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc., Vol. 34, p. 123.
Head: rostrum light brown, the nasus rather short, dark brown; palpi, basal segment dark brown; second, brown at the base, paler, yellowish-white, apically; third segment entirely pale; fourth segment dark brown. Antenne, basal segments pale, flagellar segments light brown, the apices of the segments indistinctly paler. Front, vertex and occiput rather dark brown, except a very narrow, pale border adjoining the inner margin of the eye; center of the vertex clear-gray.
Thorax: prothoracic scutum pale, the lateral margins dark brown and two elongated spots on either side of the median line. Mesonotum, prescutum light brown, the extreme cephalic margin and the lateral edge, paler, whitish; a dis- tinct narrow brown line, arcuated outwards at the cephalic margin of the sclerite,
oe ie Seed
Dec., 1912.] ALEXANDER: REVISION OF BRACHYPREMNA. 229
thence continuing straight to the suture, the pale median line enclosed by them very narrow; sides of the sclerite dark brown, with an elongate, triangular, white mark, beginning on the lateral end of the suture before the wing-base, running inward; scutum light brown with three dark brown stripes, the median one broader; scutellum brown on the sides, in the middle silvery-white with an elongate brown median vitta; postnotum silvery-white, tri-vittate with dark brown, the pale stripes a trifle narrower than the dark median stripe. Pleure dull silvery-white, less clear anteriorly, with narrow dark brown stripes, the most dorsal of which begins at the prescutal pseudosutures (humeral pits), runs very obliquely under the bases of the wings and halteres and ends in the abdom- inal sternites; the second stripe is interrupted and includes the outer face of most of the coxe. Halteres: knob brown, stem pale. Legs: coxe gray with a distinct brown stripe; trochanter pale; fore and middle femora dark brown; hind femur light brown, darkening to the tip; tibie and tarsi entirely pale yel- lowish-white.
Wings: subhyaline, costal cell light brown or gray; cell R, with the costal border brown; tip of cell R,; narrowly brown on the caudal margin; veins con- spicuously margined with brown; tips of the median veins and Cu, very pale; stigma pale brown, margined with blackish-brown. Venation (see Fig. b): Rs rather long, beyond the arcuation a little longer than M,,. between cross-veins r—m and m; r—m short, but distinct, basal deflection of Cu, beyond the fork of M; fusion of Cu, and M, rather extensive.
Abdomen: tergum dark brown with indications of a paler, median, dorsal stripe; sternum very pale, the basal segments with oval dark brown spots in the middle, these fading out caudad into a lighter brown; in the distal segments, the dark brown spots become much more elongated. Hypopygium, see the generic characterization.
6d (Vienna, Georgia), length, 11.5—15.8 mm.; wing, 15.2-19.6 mm. Fore leg, femur, 11.8 mm.; tibia, 13.5 mm. Hind leg, femur, 11.6-15 mm.; tibia, 12.6-17.2 mm.
o (Igarape-Assu, Brazil), length, 13.8 mm.; wing, 18.1 mm. Fore leg, femur, 11.6 mm.; tibia, 13 mm. Hind leg, femur, 13.9 mm.; tibia, 15.5 mm.
© (igarape-Assu, Brazil), length, about 15.8 mm.; wing, 16.8 mm. Fore leg, femur, 11.2 mm.; tibia, 12 mm. Hind leg, femur, 12.8 mm.; tibia, 14.1 mm.
Distribution—United States: New Jersey, Shark River, Mon- mouth Co. (Johnson); District of Columbia, Washington (Osten Sacken) ; North Carolina, Pendleton, Northampton Co. (Johnson) ; Kentucky, in Mus. Comp. Zoél. (Johnson) ; Georgia, Atlanta, Felton Co.; Vienna, Dooly Co., Albany, Dougherty Co., Bainbridge, Decatur Co. (Dr. J. C. Bradley), and Billy’s Island, Okeefinokee Swamp, Charleston Co. (Cornell University Exped. 1912); Florida, Tick Island, Volusia Co. (Johnson), Jacksonville, Duval Co. (Johnson) ; Texas, Dallas, Dallas Co. (Boll). Mexico: Tabasco, Teapa and
230 Journat New York Enromotocicar Society. [Vol. XX.
Frontero (H. H. Smith); Vera Cruz, Medellin (H. H. Smith) ; Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Sumichrast). Cent. Am.: Guatemala, An- tigua (Eisen), Aguna (Eisen). Antilles: Trinidad (Busck), Cunapo River, Trinidad (Williamson). Dutch Guiana (authority Osten Sacken; Berl. Ent. Zeit., vol. 31, p. 239). Brazil: Para, Igarapé- Asst (Parish).
B. dispellens is readily distinguished from all of its allies by the uniform pale tibie. Northern specimens (Georgia) seem to have the coloration clearer cut, the pattern more grayish. Specimens from Guatemala have the costal cell of the wings more yellowish-brown; cell R, brown in the middle, paler along the costal margin; the tibie and tarsi more yellowish-white, etc. However, the Brazilian material shows almost the same type of coloration as the Georgia specimens and the discrepancy in color must be attributed to the age of the specimens and other factors. ;
Brachypremna breviventris Wiedemann.
1821. Tipula breviventris Wied., Dipt. Exot., Vol. 1, p. 43. 1828. Tipula brevi- ventris Wied., Aussereur. Zweifl. Insekt., Vol. 1, p. 47- 1886. Brachy- premna breviventris Osten Sacken, Berl. Ent. Zeit., Vol. 30, p. 161. 1900. Brachypremna breviventris Hunter, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 26, p. 285. 1902. Brachypremna breviventris Kertesz, Cat. Dipt., Vol. 2, p. 264.
Head: rostrum brown, shiny; nasus black, tipped with yellow hairs; palpi, basal segment yellow; second dark brown, tipped with pale brown; remaining segments dark brown. Antenne, basal four or five segments light yellow; re- mainder gradually darker, brown. Front light cream-color, vertex and occiput brown with a sparse yellow bloom.
Thorax: light brown, mesothoracie prescutum with a narrow brown stripe on either side of the very narrow median pale stripe; a short broad dark stripe — beginning just behind the proximal end of the pseudo-sutural fovea, broadening out behind, somewhat interrupted at the suture; scutum dark brown on the lobes, this color a continuation of the lateral prescutal stripes, scutum pale medially; scutellum pale with a short, double, brown median line; post-notum brown, with two narrow pale stripes on either side, these being a continuation of the pale vitte on the scutellum. Pleure brown anteriorly, the meso- and meta-pleure with a gray bloom; the sclerites with brown margins giving the pleure a spotted appearance. Halteres: stem pale, knob brown. Legs: coxe dark brownish with a large pale spot on the outer face; trochanter yellow; femora light yellowish-brown, darkening at the tip to a brownish-black; tibia with the extreme base, abruptly yellowish-white; remainder of the tibie dark brown; base of the metatarsus dark brown, concolorous with the tibia, the remainder of the tarsi brightening to a yellowish-brown.
Wings: costal cell brownish; remainder of the wing sub-hyaline; cell R,
Dec., 1912.] ALEXANDER: REVISION OF BRACHYPREMNA. 231
largely pale brown; cell R, with the extreme cephalic margin pale yellow, run- ning down and ending ata drop in the end of cell Rs; cell R, brown, with the caudal margin sub-hyaline; end of cell R, dark with the yellowish spot above described; RF, dark at tip with a hyaline drop in the outer caudal angle; cell M, almost hyaline; veins with narrow brown seams; stigma usually with a large sub-hyaline spot in under r, sometimes small or absent. Venation (see Fig. d): Rg rather long, beyond the arcuation longer than M,,. between cross-veins r—m and m; basal deflection of Cu, beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen: tergum brown, extreme bases of the segments, pale yellowish; sternum light brownish-yellow with a distinct elongate-ovate black spot in the middle of each segment.
dé, wing, 21 mm. Fore femur, 12.7 mm.; fore tibia, 14 mm.
99, length, 17.4-17.9 mm.; wing, 18-18.8 mm.; fore leg, femur, 11.3-11.6 mm.; tibia, 13-14.5 mm.; hing leg, femur, 13.2-13.8 mm.; tibia, 13.6-14.9 mm.
Distribution —Dutch Guiana: Cigi Makoe (H. Polak), Paramaribo (Miss Mayo). Brazil: Igarapé-Asst, State of Para (Parish), Rio Blanco (H. H. Smith).
B. breviventris may be readily distinguished by its dark femoral and tibial tips and pale basal tibial ring.
Brachypremna williamsoni, new species.
Tip of femur dark; base and tip of tibia abruptly light colored ; wings tinged with darker.
od, length, 11.3-15.7 mm.; wing, 14.8-19.3 mm. Fore leg, femur, 10 mm.; tibia, 11.4 mm. (paratype No. 1).
Head: rostrum brown; palpi, basal segment mostly black, second yellow at extreme base and tip, remaining segments brownish-black. Antenne, basal segments, pale brown; second, light yellow; flagellar segments with the base brown, tip yellowish, the brown increasing on the outer segments. Front brown; vertex and occiput light brown, brighter colored adjoining the eye.
Thorax: rather similar to breviventris, the long intermediate brown stripes quite indistinct; post-notum with the median brown stripe divided by a pale median line. Pleure without distinct brown spots. Halteres: base of stem pale, thence gradually darkening to the brown knob. Legs: coxe grayish-yellow, in- distinctly spotted with brown; femora brown, not darkened at the tip as in breviventris ; tibia dark brown, a narrow ring at base and tip, pale yellowish- white, tarsi brown, lighter colored toward the tip.
Wings: conspicuously tinged with darker; costal cells brown; cell R, with a brown cloud in cephalic portion and a hyaline droplet near outer end; RF, dark at outer end with a sub-apical hyaline spot; R, similar with a conspicuous rounded drop; M,, cephalic margin of tip brown, caudal margin of tip with a hyaline drop; cell M, dark, not hyaline, as in breviventris; veins with narrow seams of darker brown; stigma brown, a pale spot in it just below cross-vein r; (in the type ¢, stigma clear brown). Venation (see Fig. e): R, beyond
232 JournaL New York Entomotocicat Society. [Vol. XX.
arcuation short, scarcely longer than M,,, between cross-veins r—-m and m; basal deflection of Cu, before the middle of cell 1st M,.
Abdomen: tergum brown, the base of the sclerite paler, more yellowish; sternum pale, the median markings pale brown, broadly ovate, not elongate or black.
Paratype No. 1 differs in having the tibize unicolorous throughout, dark brown.
Paratype No. 2 has the tarsi much lighter. yellowish.
Paratype No. 3 is much larger (largest measurements given).
Holotype, d, Wismar, British Guiana. (Williamson, Coll.) Jan. 30, 1912.
Type in author’s collection.
Paratype No. 1, d, with the type.
Paratype No. 2, Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana. (Miss Mayo.) (In Coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.)
Paratype No. 3. Manaos, State of Amazonas, Brazil. (Miss Merrill.) (In Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.)
B. williamsoni is a small species finding its nearest relative, appar- ently, in breviventris Wied. It differs from this species in the pale tibial tips; the oval brown markings on the abdominal sternites (these being linear and brownish-black in breviventris and most other spe- cies), and in different wing-pattern. I take pleasure in naming this interesting form after Mr. E. B. Williamson, of Bluffton, Indiana, who collected the types while in Guiana in 1912, in search of Odonata.
Brachypremna similis Williston. 1900. Brachypremna similis Will., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Dipt. 1, Supplement, p.
229. 1902. Brachypremna similis Kertesz, Cat. Dipt., Vol. 2, p. 265.
Head: rostrum, light brownish-yellow, darker on the side; nasus brown with brownish-yellow hairs; palpi mostly brown, in some specimens the two basal segments are light yellow. Antenne with the basal segments pale, yellow- ish; segments three to five, brown at base, pale at apex; remainder of the antenne brown. Front, vertex and occiput dark brown, except a narrow yellow margin immediately adjoining the eyes.
Thorax: prescutum usually with the pale narrow median stripe not distinct (in some specimens it is apparent behind, in the vicinity of the suture), the pale stripes separating the broad lateral stripes from the median vitta are narrow and ill-defined; scutum dark brown on the lobes, paler medially; post- notum with the median brown vitta broad, the adjoining pale stripes very narrow. Pleurx pale, spotted with brown, these brown marks being on the margin of the sclerites. Halteres brown, the root of the stem paler. Legs:
Dec., 1912.] ALEXANDER: REVISION OF BRACHYPREMNA. 233
- cox pale, yellowish-white; femora brown, darkening outwardly, the tip ab- ruptly pale yellowish-white; tibie with a basal ring, subequal in width and of the same color as the femoral band; remainder of the tibie dark brown; tarsi brown, the apical segments becoming paler, yelfowish-brown.
Wings: costal cell yellowish-brown; cell R, almost clear, more yellowish on the costal margin; outer end of cell R, narrowly blackish-brown on the caudal margin; cell R; dark brown with a rounded hyaline drop; cell M, almost hyaline, with a large oval, even clearer, drop at its end; veins very indistinctly margined with darker; stigma dark brown, paler in the center. Venation (see Fig. a): Rs rather short, beyond the arcuation, a little longer than M,,. between r-m and m; r-m a little more distinct than is usual in the genus; basal deflection of Cu, just beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen: tergum dark brown, the extreme base of the segments paler, less distinct on the apical segments; sternum light brown with an elongate blackish spot in the middle of each segment; hypopygium rather browner than in related species.
3, length, 15.2 mm.; wing, 18.4-20 mm. Fore leg, femur, 12.1 mm.; tibia, 14.3 mm. Hind leg, femur, 14.8 mm.; tibia, 15.9 mm.
9, length about 15 mm.; wing, 16.6 mm. Fore leg, femur, 11 mm.; tibia, 13mm. Hind leg, femur, 12.7 mm.; tibia, 14.6 mm.
Distribution —Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith) ; Guate- mala, Livingston (Schwarz-Barber) ; Nicaragua, Escondido R., 50 miles from Bluefields (Richmond) ; Panama, Gatun (Jennings), Porto Bello (Busck), Paraiso (Busck).
Distinguished from the other species with pale femoral tips, candida and pictipes, by the dark tibial apices.
Brachypremna candida, new name. 1830. Tipula albimana Wied., Aussereur Zweifl. Insekt., Vol. 2, p. 615. non T-. albimana Fab. 1900. Tipula albimana Hunter, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol.
26, p. 286. 1902. Tipula albimana Kertesz, Cat. Dipt., Vol. 2, p. 281.
Head: rostrum yellowish; nasus pale with pale hairs; palpi, first segment dark brown; second segment mainly yellowish; remainder black. Antenne, first two segments yellowish, remainder dark brown. Front, vertex and occiput pale with a gray bloom.
Thorax: prescutal stripes about as in breviventris, but very indistinct; the usually distinct markings of the mesothoracic scutellum and postnotum not at all evident. Pleure brown, without distinct markings. Halteres brown, ex- treme base of the stem pale. Legs: femora brownish-yellow at base, gradually darkening to brown, with a rather broad, apical yellow ring; tibia with a basal yellow band about as wide as the femoral; apice of the tibia more or less yellowish-white, broadest on the hind leg, where it covers nearly one half of the segment; tarsi pale yellowish-white.
Wings: almost hyaline, cell C only a little more yellowish than the rest of
234 Journat New York Entomotocicat Socrety. [Vol. XX.
the wing; wing tip suffused with brown; inner end of cell R,, adjoining vein R., pale, hyaline ; remainder of cell R., most of R, and outer end of R;, uniformly brown, without hyaline droplets as in most of the species; veins rather indis- tinetly seamed with darker color; stigma dark brown, uniform. Venation (see Fig. f) : Rs very strongly arcuated, beyond the arcuation, Rs is shorter than M,,. between the cross-veins r—-m and m; fusion of M, and Cu, extensive, longer than R,.
Abdomen: tergum brown, segments paler basally, rather darker apically; Sth segment brownish-black ; hypopygium pale; sternites not visible in the single specimen before me.
d, length, 12 mm.; wing, 14.2 mm. Hind leg, femur, 13 mm. ; tibia, 15.6 mm.
Distribution—Dutch Guiana (Wiedemann’s type); Brazil (Man- aos, State of Amazonas) (Miss Merrill, Coll.). Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
This small species is conspicuously different from the nearest related species in its wing and leg pattern. The lack of hyaline drop- lets in the ends of the radial cells distinguishes it from similis, brevi- ventris and williamsoni. The leg pattern is closest to pictipes, but I cannot believe the two species to be conspecific. Pictipes is larger, and the dark tibial band in only 3 mm. broad; candida is our small- est species and the tibial band is broad, narrowest on the hind legs (6 mm.) and very wide on the fore legs (12 mm.).
Brachypremna pictipes Osten Sacken.
1887. Brachypremna pictipes O. S., Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., Vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 239. 1900. Brachypremna pictipes Hunter, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 26, p. 285. 1902. Brachypremna pictipes Kertesz, Cat. Dipt., Vol. 2, p. 265.
“ $.—Front and vertex brownish, paler in the middle; antennz brownish, two basal segments yellow; rostrum yellowish above, brown below; palpi brown at base and tip but yellow in the middle. Ground color of thorax brownish- yellow; collare with a short double longitudinal stripe in the middle and a lateral brown spot on each side; mesonotum with a double brown intermediate stripe and short, broad lateral stripes ; metanotum pale with three brown stripes; some brown spots on the pleure. Abdomen brown above, with a very faint longitudinal stripe on the basal segments; venter yellowish with a brown streak in the middle of each segment, forming an interrupted longitudinal stripe; male genitals, small, yellowish. Halteres brownish, paler at bases. Femora brown- ish, the tip yellowish-white for about 1.5 mm.; tibie and tarsi yellowish-white except a brown ring on the tibiz, about 3 mm. broad placed at about 1.5 mm. from the knee, the interval being white. Wings with a uniformly pale brownish tinge, the stigma but slightly darker; venation like B. breviventris Wied. L. 16-18 mm.
cea
bo oo ai
Dec., 1912.] ALEXANDER: REVISION OF BRACHYPREMNA.
Hab. Cassapava, Brazil. (Sellow, Coll.) “Type in Berlin Museum.” Adapted from Osten Sacken’s original description, J. c., p. 239.
Brachypremna unicolor Osten Sacken.
1887. Brachypremna unicolor O. S., Berl. Ent. Zeit., Vol. 31, pt. 2, pp. 239-240. 1900. Brachypremna unicolor Hunter, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 26, p. 285. 1902. Brachypremna unicolor Kertesz, Cat. Dipt., Vol. 2, p. 265.
Head: rostrum light brown; nasus concolorous, with short hairs; palpi, basal segment, brownish at origin, paler apically; second segment pale; re- maining segments brown. Antenne, first segment brown; second segment much lighter colored, yellow; flagellar segments dark brown with the extreme tip yellow, producing an annulated appearance, this coloring becoming obsolete near the end of the flagellum. Front, vertex and occiput light yellowish-brown.
Thorax: prescutum light brown, the anterior portion of the sclerite suf- fused with brownish, concealing the usual stripes; two distinct brown dots on the extreme cephalic margin of the sclerite; on the caudal portion of the sclerite, the dark stripes become distinct; median dark stripe not double; scutum uniformly light brown with suggestions of darker lines; scutellum and postnotum pale, with a narrow brown median line and with the lateral edges of the sclerite indistinctly brown. Pleure uniformly pale without distinct darker marks. Halteres long, brown, pale at the base of the stem. Legs: coxe pale, femora light brown passing into dark brown at the tip; tibia dark brown, the extreme base slightly paler, but not producing a ringed appearance; tarsi slightly lighter brown.
Wings: almost hyaline; cell C light yellowish-brown or yellow; cell R, tinged with yellow along the costal margin; cell R, tinged with yellow at the tip; veins narrowly margined with pale brown; darker brown clouds at the ends of the radial veins; stigma very pale brown with a narrow border of darker brown. Venation (see Fig. c): Rs long, beyond the arcuation, about three times as long as M,,, between cross-veins rm and m; basal deflection of R,,,; none, so that R,,, is in a line with Rs and R,,,; and R,,, arise directly from the end of the sector; cross-vein rm short but distinct, petiole of cell M, very short; cell 1st M, sub-triangular; fusion of M,; and Cu, very slight; basal deflection of Cu, at, or before, the fork of M.
Abdomen: tergum dark brown, the bases and lateral margin of the seg- ments indistinctly paler; sternum pale, with the median spots on the segments very elongate, black, forming an almost continuous line; lateral margins of the sclerites, darker, brownish.
Q, length, 16.5-18.6 mm.; wing, 18.5-20.1 mm. Fore leg, femur, 11.8 mm.; tibia, 13.3 mm. Hind leg, femur, 13.8-14 mm.; tibia, 15.4-16 mm.
Distribution—Island of Cuba, Cayamas (E. A. Schwarz); Is-
land of Porto Rico (Moritz) Osten Sacken’s types; Island of Grenada, Lesser Antilles (Busck.)
236 Journat New York Enromotocicat Society. [Vol. XX.
This remarkably distinct species requires little comparison with the other forms at present known. The plain brown tibie and the remarkable venation will serve to distinguish the species at a glance.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI.
These figures show the venation, and the main features of color-pattern. a, wing of Brachypremna similis Williston.
b, wing of Brachypremna dispellens Walker.
c, wing of Brachypremna unicolor Osten Sacken.
d, wing of Brachypremna breviventris Wiedemann.
e, wing of Brachypremna williamsoni, n. sp.
f, wing of Brachypremna candida, n. n.
Journ. N. Y. Ent, Soc.
Brachypremna
| * 1912 Pomona COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, Von. IV, No. 3, DECEMBER. /
THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF ADELPHOMYIA BERGROTH (TIPULIDA DIPT.)
CHARLES P, ALEXANDER ITHACA, NEW YORK*
The small size of the crane-flies constituting the genus Adelphomyia Bergr.’ entitles them to the name of Micro-limnophilini, the majority of the described forms being much smaller than members of allied genera.
Some confusion has arisen recently, regarding the identity of the most common of the three known American species and the purpose of the present article is to straighten out this imbroglio. The first mention of an American representative was in an article by the author? in which a new species (minuta) was described and a second species referred, provisionally, to the widely-distributed European form, senzlis Hal. This latter species was again mentioned, and its venation figured in a second article* and here, also, was referred to senilis. There has always been a question in my mind regarding the specific identity of the American and European forms and I have taken the opportunity to send specimens to Mr. F. W. Edwards, who kindly com- pared the American species with European specimens of senilis in the British Museum collection and reports that the two forms are distinct. I give a key to tue known American species and describe two new foris.
American Species of Adelphomyia
1. Wings with cell M1 absent. cayuga sp. D. Wings with cell M1 present. 2
2. Pubescence in cells of wings lacking or sparse; cross-vein 7 not evident ; cross-vein m short or obliterated; general color of body pale yellow. minuta Alex.* Pubescence in cells of wings conspicuous; cross-veins r and m distinct; body color more brownish. americana sp. 0.
Adelphomyia americana sp. n.
1911 Adelphomyia senilis Alexander. Can. Ent.
1911 Adelphomyia senilis Alexander. Ent. News.
Small species (length, 2, 3.8-4 mm.) ; radial cross-vein present; cell M1 present; plurz almost unicolorous, dull yellow.
¢ Length, 3.2-3.5 mm.; wing, 4.3-4.6 mm.
Foreleg, femur, 3.7 mm.; tibia, 4.1 mm.; tarsus, 3.8 mm.
Middle leg, femur, 3.9 mm.
Q@ Length, 3.8-4 mm.; wing, 5-5.3 mm.
Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Cornell University. 1 Bergroth; Mittheil. Naturf. Gesell. Bern; p. 134; 1891. 2 Alexander; Canad. Entom.; Aug. 1911. 3 Alexander; Entomol. News; Oct. 1911.
830 PomMonA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY
Rostrum and palpi light brownish-yellow; antenne hght brown. Front vertex and occiput light brownish-yellow, with a sparse greyish bloom.
Thoracic prescutum dull yellow, rather shining, without apparent stripes, scutum, scutellum and postnatum similarly colored. Pleure uniform dull yellow. Halteres pale, uniform throughout. Legs—Coxe and trochanters dull brownish- yellow; femora similar, slightly darkened apically; tibie and tarsi uniform brownish-yellow. Wings almost hyaline, veins light brown. Venation (Figure 260, A, or Ent. News, 1. ¢.)—Sc! very long, Se? far removed from its tip; cross-vein r present, inserted on R2 about its own length beyond the form of R2+3; M1 much shorter than M1+2 beyond cross-vein m. Short hairs in most of the distal cells of the wing.
B
Figure 260
Abdominal tergum brown with a narrow, darker, median line and a narrow pleural band of the same color; sternum pale yellow, almost con- colorous with the thoracic pleure.
Holotype, ¢. Woodworth’s Lake, Fulton Co., N. Y.; alt. 1650 ft.; Aug. - 22,1910. (Alexander, coll.)
Allotype, 2, with the type.
Paratypes, 30, ¢ 2. Sport Is., Sacandaga R., June 28, 1911; Wood- worth’s Lake, Gloversville and Johnstown, Fulton Co., N. Y.; Ithaca, Tomp- kins Co., N. Y.; September, 1911.
Types in Author’s Collection
Paratypes in British Museum of Natural History, U. S. Nat. Mus., Cornell University and in author’s collection.
[ am indebted to Mr. Edwards for the following comparison of americana with the European senilis :
Pomona COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY 831
“1. The pleure in A. americana are unicolorous ochreous ; in A. senilis they are reddish-brown above and below, more ochreous in the middle.
2. The marginal cross-vein is present in A. americana, absent in A. senilis.
3. The genitalia are different in the two species but as we have only one male, I do not want to dissect it, without which I cannot properly make out the structure.”’
Adelphomyia cayuga sp. n.
Large species (length, 2, 5 mm.) ; radial eross-vein indistinet; cell M1 absent.
2, length 5 mm.; wing 5.1 mm.
Rostrum, palpi and antenne light brown, Front, vertex and occiput brown.
Thoracic preescutum uniform light brown without apparent dorsal stripes ; seutum, scutellum and postnatum lighter-colored yellow. Pleure light brownish-yellow, brighter colored on the metapleure and on the posterior portions of the mesopleure. Legs rather uniform light brown throughout. Wings rather uniformly suffused with dark, membrane distinetly darker colored than in americana or minuta; veins light brown. Venation (Figure 260, B)—Sel rather long, about five times as long as Se2; R2-+-3 in a line with R2; eross-vein r not evident; basal deflection of R4+5 in a line with cross-vein r-m; cell M1 absent, i. e., M1 and M2 fused to the wing-margin. <A short pubescence in the apical portions of the wing, tips of cells Ril, R2, R38, R5, M2 and M3 being included.
Abdominal tergum and sternum uniformly brown.
Holotype ¢ (balsam slide), Vanishing Brook, Ithaca, N. Y.: Aug. 16, 1912. (Alexander, coll.)
Type in author’s collection.
6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society — Vol. Vit
On the tropical American Rhipidiae (Tipulidae, Dipt.)
By Cuas. P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.*
The genus Rhipidia Meigen, remarkable in the possession of strongly pectinated antennae in the males of many species, reaches its maximum of specific development in the tropics of the New World.
I have before me over fifty specimens of American Rhipidiae, referable to ten species, all of the described forms being included excepting brpectinata Will., costalis Will., bryant: Johns., tabescens End., and typical subpectinata Will. The types of bryanti are in Boston, and through the kindness of Mr. C. W. Johnson I was able to examine them in December, 1911. In addition to the hitherto known forms, I find among the material four new species and three additional varieties which are characterized in this paper.
All of the known Rhipidiae are referable to three main groups, which seem to be equivalent to subgenera, based on the structure of the male antennae.
(1) The subgenus Rhipidia, constituting the maculata group with bipectinate antennae, including the type of the genus, maculata Meig., and bipectinata Will., costalis Will., calverti sp. nov., cramptont sp. nov., and probably bryanti Johns., and tabescens End., these latter known only from the females.
(2) The subgenus Monorhipidia subg. nov., constituting the uniseriata group, with unipectinate antennae, including fidelis Osten-Sacken, and untpectinata Will.
(3) The subgenus Arhipidia subg. nov., constituting the dom- estica group, with subpectinated antennae, including two subgroups,
*Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Cornell University.
iL
Oc.,1912 ~~ Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society ii
subpectinata Will. and its allies, annulicornis End., and schwarzi sp. nov., and the domestica subgroup, with multiguttata sp. nov., and domestica and its races.
The material studied is the property of the United States National Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, and Cornell Univer- sity; and I am indebted to Mr. Frederick Knab, Mr. John A. Grossbeck, Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., and Dr. J. Chester Bradley for the loan of the material. I wish to further express my appre- ciation to Mr. Knab for kind advice and assistance in many mat- ters.
KXey to the American Rhipidia (males only.)
r Antennae of male bipectinated.”,...7. asses mice eee ee eeee Antennae of male unipectinated or subpectinated................. 2. Flagellum with all except the last segment pectinated. (Wings with five costal spots; hind tarsi light yellow.) Sted eereteds, Oh OEP Nay Se Ere calverti, sp. n. (Costa Rica). Flagellum with the first segment simple; one or more terminal seg- ments'simple 55,54 x. cores are oie arate a ee ee 3 3. Wings nearly uniformly clouded with blackish; stigma dark. (Flagellar segments long, bipectinated; dorsal thoracic stripes not complete; pleural stripe distinct.) ae CAR ORS bipectinata Will.1 (Lesser Antilles). Wings variegated with spots andidots.... 25. 5....2-..-seeyee ees 4 4. Wings with the spots confined to thé vicinity of the veins. (An- tennae black; terminal three or four segments simple.) A re ih ERA Ramee costalis Will.? (Lesser Antilles). Wings with numerous smaller spots and dots in all the cells........ 5 5. Antennae with shorter pectinations; wings greyish with brown spots; several marks along costal margin. Mon ahr ac A as maculata Meig.® (Holarctic region). Antennae with longer pectinations; wings hyaline with reddish- brown dots sprinkled in all the cells; larger costal marks not pres- ONtec sss bcos ahelae cena cramptoni sp. n. (North Brazil.) 6. Antennae of the male unipectinated (uisertata group)..........-.. Antennae of the male subpectinated (domestica group).. 7. Thorax brown, gray pruinose; wings pale brownish, a w hitish blotch in center of the disk; a round brown dot at origin of Rs, fork of Rs and tip of Sc; tarsi brown. fidelis O-S.* (Eastern U.S) Thorax yellow; wings with darker clouds along the anterior margin; apices of wings more clouded; posterior tarsi light yellow. unipectinata Will.5......(Central America; Lesser Antilles).
an
com!
1 Williston, Dipt. St. Vincent; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1896) 285, pl. 9, fig. 54. 2 Williston, /. c., 286, pl. 9, fig. 56. 8 Meigen. System Beschreib. (1818) 1: 153, pl. 5, figs. 9-11. 4 Osten-Sacken. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (1859) 209. 5 Williston, /. c. 286, pl. 9, fig. 55.
8 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety — Vol. V1
8. Mesonotal prascutum broadly edged with pale yellowish-white in FrantranGOmesinesemcmit eee erty) sf ecis wie sean nicer s <etok ee 9 Mesonotal preescutum without a broad pale margin............... 12 9g. Wing membrane without numerous dots in the cells (subpectinata).. 10 Wing membrane dotted with pale brown in all the cells........... II 10. Antennae yellow; head ochraceous-yellow pleural stripes narrow. weve essss + .Subpectinata subpectinata Will.6 (Lesser Antilles). Antennae blackish; segments 12, 13, pale; head gray; pleural stripes broad!2 <2. 5". subpectinata pleuralis subsp. n. (Central America.) 11. Antennae pale, except segments 7, 8 and 14; a large oval brown spot at fork of media. .....annulicornis End.7 (Trinidad, Colombia) Antennae dark brown, except segments 12-13; wings without a large blotch as described above... .schwarszt sp. n. (Greater Antilles) 12. Mesonotal prascutum without conspicuous dark brown marks, unicolorous except behind; wings abundantly dotted in all the Cells eae nae teen multiguttata sp. n. (Central America). Mesonotal prascutum with darker longitudinal lines; wings with markings large, scanty, confined to the neighborhood of veins (GAOT e eblns COU. OS OLE oe een OSC Oe DONO HI Baan Se 13 3. Thoracic prescutum with the middle stripes fused behind into a rectangular blotch. Si eet ees domestica angustifrons subsp. n. (Ecuador). Thoracic dorsum with a narrow stripe on either side of the pale «
Pl Ce aoe ocamor Cone nos 60 oe ee oR ReIO Aan eo pen SORE aac. 14 14. Larger (wing of male 5.7-6.5 mm.); color darker; wings tinged with DLO Wrieeerte tee domestica amazonensis subsp. n. (East Brazil).
Smaller (wing of male 5.4 mm.); color lighter; wings almost hyaline. domestica domestica O-S.8 (Eastern U. S.; Central and Northern dO CCIE OOO oo. TE SA Or aeras: S. America). The following species, known only from the females, could not be included in the above key: R. bryanti Johns.’ (Eastern U.S.), probably allied to maculata, but in its wing pattern suggest- ing members of the domestica group; deflection of Cu: unusually far distad. It is a large, vigorous species, quite distinct from any others that I have seen. R. tabescens End.'’ (Western Brazil) has a wing pattern very much like bryanti. It is quite impossible to state with certainty the exact position of this insect. Rhipidia calverti sp. n.
Antennae with first eleven flagellar segments long bipectinate; pedicels of segments pale, whitish; thoracic pleurae with a dark brown stripe; tip of hinder tarsi golden-yellow; wings subhyaline
6 Williston, /. c. 287, pl. 9, fig. 57, pl. 10, fig. 57a.
7 Osten-Sacken, /. c. 208; Monographs, 4. pl. 3 fig. 5.
8 Enderlein. Zool. Jahrb. (1912) 32: pt. 1, 80-81, fig. V 1.
9Johnson. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 35: no. 5, 123-124, pl. 16, fig. 20. April, 1909.
10Enderlein, /. c. 81-82, fig. Z I.
Oct.,1912, Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 9
with five brown marks along costal margin.
Male: Length, 6.6 mm.; wing, 7.3 mm.; antennz, about 3 mm.; Middle leg, tibia, 6 mm.; tarsus, 6.1 mm.; Hind leg, femur 6.8 mm.; tibia 7.5 mm.; tarsus 5.2 mm.
Head: Rostrum brown; palpi very dark brown, the last segment very slender. Antennae (see fig. h), first segment long cylindrical, second short, oval, about equal in size to the swollen base of the first flagellar segment; segments 3-13 enlarged at base into an oval knob, the inner side of this knob produced into two long pectinations; on the third segment, the pectinations a trifle over twice the length of the pedicel of the segment; pecti- nations increasing in length to the 8th to 10th segments where the pectinations are about three and one-half times as long as the pedicel of the segment; from the 11th on gradually shortened to the 13th; 14th segment simple, enlarged medially; there are eleven pectinated segments, more than in maculata, bipectinata or costalis; the pectinations are slender, tapering gradually to the tip, which is not enlarged. Segments at the base with two long hairs on the side opposite from the pectination, and the pectinate arm is densely clothed with delicate pale hairs. Pedicels to the flagellar segments rather long, subequal, conspicuously more slender than the enlarged base. Segments brown on the knot and pectinate arm, the pedicel conspicuously white. Front and vertex extremely narrow between the eyes, practically divided at the narrowest point; front, vertex and occiput dark blackish- gray.
Thorax: Cervical sclerites brownish-yellow. Pronotum brown on dorsum, more yellowish-brown on sides. Mes- onotum, prescutum, brownish-yellow with a broad rich reddish- brown dorsal stripe on each side of the narrow ground middle line, these diverging towards the suture; scutum dull yellow, very pale, whitish, in the middle, most of the lobes reddish-brown, these large spots being the caudal ends of the praescutual stripes; scutellum very pale, whitish; postnotum yellowish. Pleurae light yellow, darkened on the ventral half; a broad, dark brown stripe from the pronotum across the pleurae ending above the metacoxae, where a less distinct band runs cephalad, traversing the sides of the sternum, including the outer faces of the coxae. Halteres, extreme base and most of the knob, light yellow, stem
10 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety — Vol. Vill
and base of knob dark brown. Legs: fore legs gone; middle leg coxae and trochanters yellowish, outer face of coxa darkened; femora dull yellow, rather darkened apically; tibize dull brownish yellow; tarsi brown; hind leg similar to middle, but tarsal seg- ments 2 to 4 conspicuously light golden yellow, the 5th black. Wings hyaline, costal margin with five grayish-brown marks, the- third over the origin of Rs, the fourth at tip of Sc, the last, stigmal darkish; the interspaces between these marks cream colored; veins brown, darkest in the brown marks, lightest, cream colored on subcosta in the interspaces. Cord, outer end of cell Ist M», and cell R in under the dark marks with scarcely visible darker clouds (see fig. d). Venation: Sc long, ending beyond the middle of Rs; Sc: at its tip; Rs long, basal deflection of M.+:, less than one-half as long as the second section of M: +. (between r-m and m); basal deflection of Cu: just before the fork of M.
Abdomen: Tergum brown; sternum lighter, yellowish-brown.
Holotype, male, Rio Surubres, Costa Rica. Bonnefil F’m. 800 ft. altitude, October 20, 1909. By sweeping, coll. Dr. P. P. Calvert. Type, coll. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila) Named in honor of the distinguished student of Odonata, Dr. P. P. Calvert, who collected the type in Costa Rica while securing material for the Biologia Centrali-Americana. It is a magnificent insect, nearest allied, perhaps, to bipectinata Will.
Rhipidia cramptoni sp. n.
Antennae with ten flagellar segments long bipectinated; anten- nae brownish; thoracic pleurae dark on the metapleurae and caudal portions of the mesopleurae; wings light yellow with numerous dots in almost all the cells; conspicuous costal blotches lacking.
Male: Length 5.3 mm.; wing, 7.1 mm.
Head: Rostrum light brown; palpi yellow. Antennae (see fig. i), first segment elongate-cylindrical; 2nd globular, its dia- meter greater than the first; 3rd segment subglobular basally with a very short pedicel, less than one-half the length of the swol- len portion; 4th segment, base small, globular, produced into two pectinations on the under side, pectinations short, only a little longer than the segment itself, the dorsal pectination rather short- er, pedicel of the segment longer than the enlarged base; 5th seg- ment, base subglobose, with the pectinations more elongate and slender, pedicel a little longer than that of the 4th segment; 6th
Oc.,19:2 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Ex.tomological Society ll
segment, base only a little enlarged, ovate, pectinations long, at least twice as long as the entire segment, pedicel longer than that of the 5th segment; segments 7 to 11 with the bases oval, pectin- ations very long, pedicels long and slender; 12th segment, with the swollen base elongate-ovate, pectinations and pedicel shorter than in the 11th segment; 13th segment, base elongate, pectina- tions short, about as long as those of segment 4 but more slender, pedicel short; 14th segment slender, more enlarged basally. Seg- ments 1-2 dark brown; segment 3 and bases of succeeding seg- ments light brown; pectinations dark brown with numerous pale hairs; pedicels very pale, almost white; two long hairs on side of each basal swelling, opposite to the pectinations. Front with a conspicuous tubercle in the middle; vertex between the eyes very narrow. Front, vertex and occiput very dark brown, sparse- ly gray pruinose.
Thorax: cervical sclerites dark brownish-black. Pronotum very dark brown. Mesonotum, preescutum, rich reddish-brown, darker brown dorsally, in front and on the caudal half; scutum, lobes dark brown with a large yellow spot in the center of each; scutellum yellowish-brown; postnotum dull yellow. Pleurae, pro- pleurae dark brown on dorsal half, light yellow pollinose on ventral half; cephalic two-thirds of the mesopleurae light yellow; remain- der of pleurae very dark brown. Halteres light yellow. Legs broken; fore coxa and trochanter light yellow; middle and hind coxae very dark brown basally; apically, and the trochanters, pale, whitish. Wing: light yellow, the cells C and Sc rather brighter; no large brown blotches along costa, as in maculata, costalis and calverti; a small brown spot at end of Sc, another on cross-vein 7; a larger brown spot at origin of Rs; a large spot at tip of 2nd A. Faint narrow seams along the cross-veins and deflections of veins, especially on Cu, just above the fork of Cu. Numerous pale grayish-brown dots sprinkled in most of the cells (cells Sc and 1st M: excepted). (See fig. c). Venation: Sc rather long, ending before the middle of Rs; cell 1st M: small; basal, deflection of Cu: far before the fork of M.
Abdomen: Tergum dull yellow; segments 2 and 3 mostly dark brown; 4 to 7 dark brown apically; sternum dull yellow.
Holotype, male, North Brazil, August 17, 1911 (coll. H. E. Crampton). Typein coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. I take pleasure
12 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety — Vol. VIII
in naming this fine insect after Professor H. E. Crampton, who collected the type on his recent trip with Dr. Lutz in British Guiana and Northern Brazil.
RHIPIDIA UNIPECTINATA Williston.
A female from the United States National Museum, deter- mined by Coquillet as unipectinata, agrees well in most respects; however, the stem and knob of the halteres is deep black, not brown; wings with distinct costal blotches, ete. The coloration of the posterior tarsi is very similar to that of R. calverti, which has long, bipectinated male antennae, not long unipectinate antennae as described for unipectinata. The specimen is labelled “ Patalue, Guatemala. 700ft. (Dr. G. Eisen.) Received Jan. 6, 1903.” Rhipidia subpectinata pleuralis subsp. n.
Resembles subpectinata Will., of the Lesser Antilles, but is larger, the antennae dark brownish-black excepting the light yellow 12th and 13th segments; head brownish, gray pruinose, not “ochraceous yellow.” Thorax: mesonotum, prascutum as de- scribed for subpectinaia but with a broad median grayish stripe overlying the brownish dorsum; scutum and scutellum broadly whitish medially, brownish on the sides, a dark brown stripe on either side of the pale median stripe. Pleurae not “with a narrow black stripe"? but with a broad black band, clearly defined on the dorsal margin, below suffusing the ventral pleural sclerites; an indistinct narrow stripe over the base of the coxze, almost confluent with the broad dorsal band. Halteres light yellow, knob a little darker. Legs: femora with an indistinct subapical brown band; wings as in subpectinata. Abdomen dark brown, tergites 8 and 9 light yellow; sternites yellowish.
Male: Length 4.8 mm.; wing, 5.7 mm. Female: length 4.9 mm.; wing, 5.8 mm.
Holotype, male, Trece Aguas, Cacao, Alta Vera Paz, Guate- mala, March 28 (coll. Schwarz and Barber). Allotype, female, Bocas de Toro, Panama, 1905 (coll. McKenney). Types in coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.
It is probable that comparison with subpectinata will give this form specific rank. The description of subpectinata agrees closely with annulicornis End., except in the finely spotted wings of the latter. The pale antennae of these two forms is quite differ- ent from that of pleuralis, which agrees in this respect with schwarzt
Oct..1912 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 13
or domestica. Whether the specimen listed from Mexico (Teapa in Tabasco) by Professor Williston (Biol. Cent. Amer. Diptera 1, Suppl. 226, Dec. 1900) refers to this variety or not is uncertain. RHIPIDIA ANNULICORNIS Enderlein.
I have four specimens that agree closely with Enderlein’s description except in their smaller size. The female has never been described, and I make this the allotype.
Allotype, female, quite like the male in color; valves of the ovipositor are rather short, tergal valves very slender, arcuated; sternal valves bladelike, almost straight.
Male: Length, 4.1 mm.; wing, 5.2-5.4mm. Female: 4.3- -4.4mm.; wing, 5.4-5.5 mm.
Allotype, female, Trinidad, June (Aug. Busck); three speci- mens, 27 19? with the allotype. Allotype and 1z 19 in Coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.; 17 in author’s collection. Some of the speci- mens are very pale as though newly transformed.
Rhipidia schwarzi sp. n. |
Antennae subpectinate; mesothoracic prescutum with a broad pale margin; wings with numerous dots in the cells; anten- nae mostly black.
Male: Length about 5.5 mm.; wing, 5.4-6.3 mm. (type). femora, 4.3 mm.; tibia, 5.2 mm.
Male: Head: rostrum and palpi dark brownish-black. Antennae, first segment elongate-cylindrical; flagellar segments strongly subpectinated, less marked on the apical segments. Antennae dark brown, segments 12-13 white. Front, vertex and occiput dark brown, thickly gray-pollinose, clearer gray behind.
Thorax: Pronotum above almost white, especially the scutel- lum. Mesonotum, prescutum, lateral and cephalic margin broadly pale yellow, very conspicuous, narrowest just before the wing root, broadest in front; remainder of the sclerite rich chest- nut-brown, darkest brown just inside the pale lateral band; scutum, lobes dull chestnut, pale, grayish, medially and on sides. Pleurae brown, dorsal edge light yellow, continued back from the preescutal margin, becoming almost white behind the wing root, a dark brown stripe extending from the cervical sclerites caudad, running above the fore coxa, beneath the root of the halteres, fusing with the dark abdominal pleural stripe; ventral portions of pleurae and the ster- num pale, grayish-pollinose. Halteres light yellow, knob a little
14 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VII
darker brown. Legs, coxae dark externally, pale on the inner face; trochanters and base of femora pale yellow; femora darker brownish apically, especially in the fore legs; tibiae and tarsi yel- lowish-brown. Wings hyaline or nearly so, brown spots at tip of Se:, on cross-vein 7, at origin of Rs; cross-veins and deflections of veins seamed with pale brown; cells with large, pale brown spots scattered over their area (see fig. e). Venation: Sc rather long, ending about over the middle of Rs; basal deflection of Cu: far before the fork of M.
Abdomen: Tergum light brown, extreme lateral edge dark brownish-black; sternum lighter colored, the lateral margins broadly brown.
Holotype, male, St. Domingo (F. E. Campbell). Paratype, male, Cayamas, Cuba, February 22 (E. A. Schwarz). Types in coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. (No. 15, 138). I take pleasure in naming this fine member of the subpectinata group after Dr. Eugene A. Schwarz, the distinguished coleopterist, who collected the Cuban specimen.
Rhipidia multiguttata, sp. n.
Antennae subpectinate; mesothoracic prescutum not mar- gined with pale and without conspicupous brown stripes; wings with numerous dots in the cells.
Male: Length, about 5.5 mm.; wing, 7.4-7.6mm. Fore leg, femur, 4.85 mm.; tibia, 5.4mm. Hind leg, femur, 6.1 mm.; tibia, 6.5 mm.; tarsus,5.8mm. Female: Length, about 5.8 mm.; wing, 7.9mm.
Male: Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae, first segment elongate-cylindrical; 2nd oval, large, flagellar seg- ments subpectinated, the distal ones less strongly. Antennae dark brown, the apical flagellar segments lighter brown, with dense whitish hairs. Front dark brown with a short blunt tubercle in the middle; vertex between the eyes rather broad (for males of this genus), light brownish-gray, pollinose; extreme hind margin of occiput brown.
Thorax: Pronotum, scutum dark brown; scutellum light yellow, raised above the level of the prescutum. Mesonotum, prescutum brown, more yellowish behind, medially light chestnut- brown,. darkening to a deeper brown just before the suture; sides of the sclerite just before the suture so that the caudal half of the
Oct.,1912 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Extomological Society 15
prescutum appears trivittate; scutum yellowish-gray, clearest medially, a brown spot in the middle of each lobe; scutellum and postnotum brownish-gray pruinose, a narrow brown median stripe on the latter. Pleurae brownish-gray with two narrow dark brown stripes traversing the pleural sclerites, the most dorsal be- ginning over the fore coxa, the ventral one behind the fore coxa. Halteres light yellow, knob a little browner. Legs: coxae yellowish- brown; trochanters and femora light yellow, the latter with an indistinct brown subapical ring; tibiae and tarsi dull yellow, the last tarsal segments brown. Wings hyaline or nearly so; veins yellowish; a brown spot at origin of Rs, at tip of Sc, in cell Sc at about two-thirds its length; brown seam to cross-vein 7, fork of Rs, cross-veins and deflections of veins; a series of larger pale brown spots in cell M along vein Cw; all cells thickly sprinkled with very pale brown dots (see fig. a). Venation: Sc rather short, ending before the middle of Rs; basal deflection of Cu. sometimes far before fork of MM, sometimes closer to fork as in the paratype figured.
Abdomen: Tergites dull yellow, narrowly brown on the sides and on the caudal margin, indistinctly darker medially; sternites dull yellow, brownish on lateral edges.
Female: Quite as in male, in the allotype the brown marks on the caudal part of the praescutum not evident.
Holotype, male, Totonicipan, Guatemala, 1902 (Dr. G. Eisen). Allotype, female, with the type.
Paratype, female, Guatemala, July, 1902 (Dr. G. Eisen). Types in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. (No. 15, 137).
RHIPIDIA DOMESTICA Osten-Sacken.
Head: Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae dark brownish- black; segments 12-13 almost white. Front, vertex and occiput light gray.
Thorax: Pronotum light brown with a dark brown median stripe. Mesonotum, prascutum golden-sericeous on sides and behind: a broad, clear median stripe with darker lines as follows: a conspicuous dark brown line on either side of the very narrow ground line, occupying the caudal two-fifths of the sclerite; two small dark brown spots in front of the anterior ends of these marks and two still smaller dots on the humeri; a narrow median brown line on the front of the sclerite, broadest in front; a broad lateral
16 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. VIII stripe shorter than the caudal median stripe, running to the suture and overspreading the lobes of the scutum, making the sclerite bivittate; scutellum similar in color to the scutum; postnotum grayish. Pleurae light yellowish-brown with two narrow brown stripes. Halteres light yellow, knob not distinctly darker. Legs coxae traversed by the ventral pleural band; trochanters light yellow; femora yellow darkened toward the tip; tibiae and tarsi yellowish-brown. Wings almost hyaline; dark brown clouds at base of cell Sc, at three-fifths of the length of Sc, at origin of Rs; a pale, circular hyaline-centered cloud at the stigma; in center of cell 2nd R,, along cord, in centers of radial cells, at tips of the veins, etc. Venation see fig. g.
Abdomen: Tergum brown, apices of the sclerites broadly darker brown; genitalia yellow; sternum yellowish-brown.
Male: Length, 5.3 mm.; wing, 5.4 mm. Female: 4.5-5.8 mm.; 6.1-7 mm.
The specimens that I have before me are as follows: (1) Baracoa, Cuba, September, 1901 (Aug. Busck), 7, wing figured. (2) Balaclava, Jamaica (T. D. A. Cockerell), ¢. (3) Vera Cruz, Mexico, December 14, 1907 (Frederick Knab), ¢. (4) Cordoba, Mexico, December 25, 1907 (Frederick Knab), ¢. (5) Trinidad, June (Aug. Busck), ¢. (6) With the last, °.
All of the specimens are in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., except No. 4, which I have retained for my cabinet.
Rhipidia domestica angustifrons subsp. n.
Like domestica Osten-Sacken, but coloration different. Eyes large, in dried specimens light gray, not black, possibly not normal; vertex between the eyes long and narrow; vertex with a large brown spot in the center. Thorax with the median stripes con- fluent forming a rectangular mark on the caudal portion of the sclerite; lateral praescutal stripes very broad, triangular, the usual dots in front of the median blotch are, as a rule, produced into long, narrow streaks, with a third one between them in the middle, making the cephalic half of the prascutum appear trivittate; lobes of the scutum mostly brown; scutellum very pale. Pleural stripes broader but ill-delimited. Wing, fig. f.
Male: Length, about 5mm.; wing,6mm. Female: Length about 6.8 mm.; wing, 6.8 mm.
Holotype, male, Guayaquil, Ecuador (Francisco Campos).
Oc.,1912 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 17
Allotype, female, with the type. Paratypes, male and female, with the type. Types in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. (No. 15136); one male paratype in author’s collection.
Rhipidia domestica amazonensis subsp. n.
Like domestica Osten-Sacken but much larger and darker in color, the thorax much browner, the lateral prascutal stripes curve distad at their ends, suffusing the lateral edge of the scutum with dark brown; postnotum not conspicuously gray-pollinose; fore femora very dark brown; wings distinctly tinged with brown, markings darker, better defined. Wing, fig. b.
Male: Length, about 5.7-5.8 mm.; wing, 5.7-6.5 mm. Female: Length, about 6.1-7.1 mm.; wing, 6-7.8 mm.
Holotype, male, Igarape-Assi, Para, Brazil, February 3, 1912 (H.S. Parish). Allotype, female, with the type, February 1, 1912. Paratypes, 9 7, 1 ¢, with the type, January 23rd to February 4, 1912. Types in coll. Cornell University; paratypes in coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. and in author’s collection.
Explanation of Plate I.
(N. B. The wings are all drawn to scale by means of the Cornell pro- jection lantern and show the relative size of the species.) a Wi ing of Rhipidia multiguttata, sp. n. . domestica amazonensis, subsp. n. . 9
a & cramptoni, sp. n. @.
d— << bs calverti, sp. n. o.
e— & ¢ Schwarzt, sp. n. o.
(as = domestica angustifrons, subsp. n. ee « domestica domestica O. S.
h— Ante nna of calverti, sp. n. @. i— a cramptoni, sp. n. 2.
ae
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soctety Vol. VIII Pl. 1.
ALEXANDER—TROPICAL AMERICAN RHIPIDIAE.
Vol. xxiii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 418
A new Tropical Gonomyia (Tipulidae, Dipt.). By Cartes P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.* ;
The species described herein is referable to the manca group of Gonomyia Meigen, which, in a more extensive dis- cussion of the genus published elsewhere, I have recognized as belonging to the subgenus Leiponeura Skuse. This subgenus is represented in America by the following species: manca O. S.; pleuralis Will. (Atarba) ; puella Will. (Atarba) ; alexan- deri Johns. (Elliptera), and the present species.
This form is closest to pleuralis,; from which it differs in coloration and, fundamentally, in hypopygial characters.
Gonomyia (Leipcneura) amazona sp. n.
Wings with cord margined with brown; legs black.
Q9—Length, 5.4-5.5 mm.; wing, 3.8-3.9 mm. Fore leg, femur, 2.4-2.65 mm.; tibia, 4.2 mm. Hind leg, femur, 3-3.2 mm.; tibia, 4-4.05 mm.
é 9—Head—Rostrum and palpi dark brownish-black; antenne, basal segments greatly swollen, orange; flagellum with the three or four basal segments almost white, apical flagellar segments dark brownish-black. Front, vertex and occiput, pale yellowish white.
Wing of Gonomyta (Leiponeura) amazona, n. sp.
Thorax.—Mesonotum, prescutum very light yellowish orange; the lateral margins of the sclerite broadly whitish, separated from the bright color of the dorsum by an indistinct brownish line; scutum brownish-orange, almost concolorous with the prascutum, scutellum and postnotum very pale, almost white. Pleurz almost white; a broad band extending across the pleural sclerites, beginning on the gene of of the head, continuing back to the abdomen; the dorsal and ventral margins of this band are darker, deep brown; the ventral mark runs through the halteres, the rest of the band suffusing the mesonotal prescutum with light brown; a narrow, more or less dark colored,
* Entomological Laboratory, Cornell University. 7 Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1896); p. 280; pl. 10; fig. 61.
419 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., ’12
brown band running across the pleure just over the bases of the coxe; it is only about one-third as wide as the broad pale band separating the two dark pleural stripes. Halteres, basal half of the stem brown: remainder, including the knob, light yellow. Legs: cox white; tro- chanters and femora dark brownish-black, the extreme apices of the latter white; tibiae and tarsi dark brownish-black; the tarsi rather lighter.
Wings clear bluish-hyaline; veins light brown, C. and Sc. more yel- lowish; stigma large, rounded oval, dark brown; components of the cord and the outer end of cell 1st M* black, the membrane adjoining suffused with darker. All of the longitudinal veins are faintly mar- gined with very pale brown. Venation as in plewralis. (See fig. 1.)
Abdomen.—Tergum, light yellowish, especially bright on the lateral margins of the sclerites; apices of the sclerites dark brownish-black; sternum dull yellow, apices and lateral margins of the sclerites brown Hypopygium (see fig. 2), described below, in key.
Holotype, male, Igarape-assi, Parad, Brazil; February 1, 1912 (H. S. Parish).
Allotype, female, Igarape-asst, Para, Brazil; February 7, 1912 (ELS: Parish):
Paratype, 18 females, 2 males, Igarapé-assi, Para, Brazil; Jan- uary 25 to February 7, 1912 (H. S. Parish).
Types in Cornell University, except 5 female paratypes in au- thor’s collection and two in Coll. U. S. National Museum. Two females, in poor condition, are referred to this new species. They are from Paramaribo,
Hypopygium of Gonomyia (Leipo- Dutch Guiana (HA. Polak, Coll.), 1 ee isons. Rirsalavealappen. and are m the U. S. Nat. Mu- dage; c, ventral apical appendage; d, intermediate apical appendage; ¢, dor- S@um.
Ie raral (eget ream 2 RTE following comparison will point out the differences between the species:
pleuralis Will. (Antilles).
Trochanter and femur light yellow, femur light yellowish, sub- apically brown, tip light yellow. Lower pleural stripe broad, more than one-half as wide as the pale one above it. Pleural stripe very dark brown, clear cut. Wings with uniform veins; cord not seamed with darker. Base of flagellum dark. Hypopygium: (See figs. 3, 4.) the eighth sternite convex; ninth sternite with each of the lateral
Vol. xxiii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 420
pieces triangular, almost or entirely united on the ventral aspect; pleu- ral pieces elongate-cylindrical, bearing two appendages, the lower one (c), a long, chitinized hook bent strongly ventrad near its middle; the dorsal appendage (b), long, slender, fleshy, projecting caudad. Viewed from beneath, a short rectangular organ (f), ending in two short sharp-pointed, chitinized teeth which are curved ventrad; the or- gan rather chitinized basally and on the sides; behind the above de- scribed apophyse, an elongate subchitinized organ (g), undoubtedly the penis guard; it is elongate-cylindrical and directed caudad; above this, a pair of sharp pointed chitinized teeth (e), directed caudad and slightly upward, their base thickened and with a dorsal notch. 4, Baracoa, Cuba; Sept., 1901; Aug. Busch. (In Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.)
Hypopygium of Gonomyia (Letponeura) pleuralis Will. Fig. 3. Lateral aspect Fig. 4. Ventral aspect. Lettering as in Fig. 2.
amazona sp. n. (Surinam, E. Brazil).
Trochanter and femur dark brownish-black, extreme tip of latter white. Lower pleural stripe narrow, only about one-third as wide as the pale one above it. Pleural stripes usually light brown, not clear cut. Wings with cord and outer end of cell tst M* dark brown, narrowly seamed with darker. Base of flagellum pale. Hypopygium (see fig. 2): the eighth sternite convex, basal piece of ninth ster- nite triangular; pleural pieces (a), cylindrical, with a short, fleshy dorsal lobe (b), clothed with long hairs at the tip; ventral lobe reduced to two blunt chitinized teeth (c); behind this a broad, less chitinized organ (d). Viewed from beneath, a short, broad, rectangular organ bearing at its apex at either angle, long curved horns (e), shaped like steer’s horns, chitinized at the tip; ventrad of this organ, close to its lower face, two sharp needle-like appendages (f), and a sharp-pointed median organ which is presumably the guard of the penis (g). 6, Igarape-assu, Brazil, Jan. 26, 1912; H. S. Parish. (In Cornell Uni- versity.)
Vol. xxiii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 415
A Bromeliad-Inhabiting Crane-fly (Tipulidae, Dipt.) By Cas. P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.*
To the rather long list of inhabitants of the Neotropical epi- phytic, water-bearing Bromeliaceous plants, (as given by Dr. Calvert in ENromoLocicaLt News, Nov., 1911, pp. 402-411), there should be added the family Tipulidae. I have recently re- ceived specimens of a Costa Rican Mongoma that were bred from Bromeliads by Sr. C. Picado. Iam indebted to Mr. Fred- erick Knab, of the U. S. National Museum, for the privilege of examining these specimens.
Mongoma bromeliadicola sp. n.
Brown; thorax indistinctly striped; femora with a subapical black ring; apices of femora and tibie and bases of the tibie, white.
Length, ¢, 7.4 mm.; 92, 8.4-9.2 mm.
Wing, ¢, 76 mm.; 92, 8.5-9.2 mm.
Legs all detached and almost impossible to separate; femora, 8.4- 9.8 mm.; tibia, 7.6-10.1 mm.; tarsus, 7.2-8.9 mm. What is probably the fore-leg measures, femora, 8.4 mm.; tibia, 10.1 mm.; tarsus, 8.9 mm. Middle leg: supp. 9-9 mm., tibia 7.6-8.1 mm., tarsus 7.2-7.3 mm. Hind leg, supp., femora 9.6-9.8 mm., tibia 9.8-9.4 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi yellowish-brown; antenne dark brown the basal segments rather paler; front vertex and occiput light brown-
*Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell Uni- versity.
416 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., ’12
ish yellow; a brown stripe along the inner margin of the eye, run- ning from the narrowest portion of the front back to the gene. Thorax: mesothoracic prescutum light yellowish-brown with brown longitudinal stripes on either side of the narrow middle line; these stripes begin as two dark dots at a considerable distance caudad of the anterior margin of the sclerite, running backward to the suture and becoming more distinct behind; outer caudal margins of the sclerite rather dark brown, which color is continued backward onto
are
Wing of Mongoma bromeliadicola n. sp.
the sides of the scutum; middle line of the scutum yellowish-white; scutellum purplish-brown with a broad pallid caudal edge; post-notum deep purplish-brown; pleure dull pale whitish-brown; sclerite just anterior to the wing-basis darker, brownish. Halteres pale, whitish, throughout. Legs: cox and trochanters light brown; femora light yellowish-brown, darkening abruptly to form a sub-apical blackish ring; extreme tip abruptly cream-white in color; tibia: extreme base and tips, whitish, the tip being the broader; remainder of the tibia and the tarsi, dark brown. Wings faintly tinged with yellow; veins C, Sc and R brownish-yellow; remaining veins, brown; stigma somewhat triangular, dark brown; a distinct brown cloud at the ori- gin of Rs; tip of wing indistinctly darker. Venation (See Figure). R* longer than that portion of R*+* between cross-vein r and the fork of R*+*; cross-vein ry longer than that portion of R’*+-* beyond it; basal deflection of Cu’ before the fork of M; Cu®* close to Ist A at their tips, the distance separating the two veins at the wing margin being only about as great as Sc’.
Abdomen: tergum brown, the lateral and caudal margins of the two basal and the apical segments paler, yellow; in the ¢, the 8th and oth segments are darker, blackish; the hypopygium brown. In the 9, the last two segments of the abdomen are narrow, tubular with the valves of the ovipositor very long, slender, acicular. Sternum brown; the margins of the sclerites light colored.
The data for the specimens is a trifle confusing; the follow- ing localities were given by Sr. Picado: Cartago, Costa Rica—1500 meters—Nov.-Feb.; Estrella,
Vol. xxiii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 417
Costa Rica—2000 meters—Sept. ; Orosi, Costa Rica—1200 me- ters—Nov.-Feb.
It is difficult to say just where the specimens were taken. Holotype, ¢— Costa Rica (Sr. Picado, coll.) Allotype, @— with the type. Paratypes, 4 2 ’s—with the type.
All of the types in U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. (Type No. 14,957). The species is conspicuously different from the six Neotropical species of Mongoma that are known to me in its striking leg- pattern. Whether or not the long ovipositor has a significance in the manner of egg-deposition is a question for the collectoy to verify; a similar condition exists in the females of other species and it is possible that these may, likewise, have this pe- culiar larval habitat. But one Mongoma has ever been reared hitherto. De Meijere has recently! described the larva and pupa of the East Indian M. pennipes O. S. (l.c.; p. 50, 51; fig. 41, pupa). He states that Mr. Jacobson found the larve at Semarang (Java), Jan., 1906, in decaying plant-stems.
In conclusion, I would mention the rearing from Bromeliads of one of the “false crane-flies” by Sr. Picado, and its recent characterization as Anisopus picturatus? by Mr. Knab.
a ry et
ap ta ee q1 ote A
® - is] {i \ rT i ea). 2 sti a it ous 1 co | AL ha iO w Cui Oar TL y! Pa Pai YS a1 bene Ng > ve ie uy Weraa,
: : ‘ (eh ib Able Pi be
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 333
NEW SPECIES OF FURCOMYIA (TIPULID A). BY CHAS. P. ALEXANDER, ITHACA, N. Y.!
The crane-flies herein characterized as new are, with one exception, Neotropical forms. There have been described by previous writers 15 species of South American Zimnodini that I have no hesitation in referring to the genus /urcomyia (= Dicranomyta of authors). With the single exception of /. muscosa End. (Ecuador), the forms are Chilian or Pata- gonian, and are species named by Macquart,* Bianchard,® Philippi‘ and Bigot.’ No species have been mentioned from the various countries of Middle America, and it is probably because of this fact that so many of the forms received proved to be novelties.
The material included is the property of Eastern Museums, as follows : U. S. National Museum, received through Mr. Frederick Knab, and the American Museum of Natural History, received through Mr. J. A. Grossbeck. I express my sincere gratitude to both of these gentlemen for their kind help in this respect.
A Key to the spotted-winged Furcomyie. (South America (northern portion), Central America and the Antilles.)
1. Sc short, ending before, or opposite, or only slightly beyond, the
OPN GE INGe sodouvecepeacccsecsocnge onoacocdaceceecusedc Zs Sc long, ending far beyond the origin of Rs. ............5...... 5- 2. Wing-marking abundant, forming a network, ................--4- 3. Wing-marking scanty, confined to the neighbourhood of veins...... 4.
3. Legs with the femora uniform brown apically ; wing pattern neque oo 3 Su cponoce ocwpSeoede Do osephaAeseeer reticulata, sp. n.
(Cuba)
Legs with the femora yellowish apically with a broad gray subapical yor TAs PEKIN NAHE oso eo coon oodooO NDOn muscosa Enderl.
(Ecuador)
4. Legs black, a reddish annulus far before the tip of the femur; no supernumerary cross-vein in cell R,; seam on cord of wing, dark brown, narrow ; antennz dark except at base..... osterhoutt, sp. n.
(Panama)
1. Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Cornell University.
2. Macquart, Pierre Justin; Dipt. Exot., Vol. I, pt. 1, p. 72 (1838).
3. Blanchard, Emile; in Historia fisica y politica de Chili Zoologia, Tome 7, pp. 837-344, esp. pp. 340-343 (1852).
4. Philippi, Rodolfo; Verhand. zool-bot. gesells. Wien., Vol. 15, pp. 597, 598, 602-617, 780, 781; esp. 612-614 (1865).
5. Bigot, Jacques; Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn, 1882-1883; Tome 6, 2nd part, pp. 5-10; esp. pp. 8, 9, pl. 2, fig. 2 (1888).
November, 1912
334 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Legs with the femora dark brown at the tip with an indistinct sub- apical ring ; a cross-vein in cell R,; seam on cord pale brown,
broadsantennzespales <5... or erence eerie te translucida, sp. Nn. (Panama)
5. Wings with an abundant pattern in the cells..........g/oriosa, sp. n. (Guatemala)
Wings with the markings scanty and more or less confined to the
neighbourhood of veins. Ab ; aoduc ab oncolt
6. Wing hyaline, with the rents Sone ; iets Hee a brown band ;
tibisetandltarsiuniformydarksyerisettel- peerless .cisent, Sp. 0. (Guatemala)
Wing dusky, with the markings dark brown ; no pleural band; tibiz at tip, andi tarsi; Orange) DrOWDleernvteletetelerchelet-r-ietat-tetaieter lutzi, sp. n. (Brit. Guiana) Furcomyia reticulata, sp. n.
Antenne brown; thorax yellow, with an irregular brown median stripe ; legs yellow, darkening to brown apically ; wings hyaline, reticulated with brown marks.
?.—Length, 4.5-6 mm ; wing, 5.3-5.4 mm.
9 .—Head: rostrum yellowish brown; palpi dark brownish black. Antenne, basal segments pale, whitish ; flagellum light brown, the seg- ments rounded, becoming oval and then elongated toward the tip of the antenne. Front, vertex and occiput dull yellow, the vertex and occiput prolonged caudad, with two brown stripes above and brown on the sides.
Thorax: pronotum brown, thickly yellow pollinose ; a small brown median spot at the caudal margin of the scutum. Mesenotum, praescutum dull yellow sericeous , a broad, light brown median stripe, overlain by a dark brown stripe, whose margins are very irregular; two interrupted brown stripes on either side of the median mark, the outermost very pale on the margin of the sclerite ; scutum dull brown, with four brown stripes, c ntinuations of the lateral praescutal vitte ; the two stripes on each side unite at the caudal margin of the sclerite and run half across the scutellum ; scutellum very pale, whitish yellow, sending a median prolongation cephalad onto the scutum; postnotum brown. Pleure light brown, thickly pale yellowish pollinose. Halteres very pale yellow, the knob brown. Legs: coxe, trochanters and femora dull yellow, the femora darkening to brown apically ; extreme base of the tibiz whitish, rest of tibie and the tarsi dark brown. Wings, veins brown, except costa, which is light yellow and black alternated ; membrane hyaline, costal cell with
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 35
small, equally-spaced brown marks ; from the base to the tip of R, about 19, these marks a trifle narrower than the hyaline interspaces ; five large brown blotches along the radial cells, the first at the base of vein M ; second in m‘ddle of cell R; third just before the origin of Rs; fourth over the fork of Rs, and the last at the tip of R,,s, irregular; all the cells with narrow brown marks across them producing a net-work. Venation (see fig. p): Se short, Sc, ending before the origin of Rs, Sc, about opposite it ; Sc, longer than Sc,; Rs angular at base ; basal deflection of M,..2 long, so that the inner end of cell 1st M, is almost on a level with cell Rg; basal deflection of Cu, before fork of M, sometimes far before ; cross-vein m far out, so that the deflection of M, is much longer than mm.
Abdomen, tergum, segments brown, darkest on caudal margin, paler on the sides ; sternum dull yellow ; a dark brown median spot on caudal margin of each sclerite.
Holotype, @.—Pinar del Rio, Cuba ; 1900 (Palmer and Riley).
Paratype, .—Type locality, March 27, 1900 (Palmer and Riley).
Types in U. S. Nat. Mus. coll. (No. 15,133).
Furcomyia osterhoutt, sp. n.
Whitish ; mesothoracic preescutum with a broad median stripe and two short lateral ones ; femora black, with a postmedian reddish annulus ; wings with brown spots, bands and seams.
?.—Length, 6.5 mm (about) ; wing, 5.7 mm.
@.—Head: rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne, basal segments yellowish brown, flagellum very dark brown, almost black. Front, vertex and occiput pale, whitish, tinged with brown.
Thorax: pronotum dark brown above, abruptly pale, yellowish white on the sides. Mesonotum pale yellowish white, the median stripe broad, dark brown ; the lateral stripes appear on the hind margin of the preescu- tum and run back across the scutum and scutellum; at the caudal end of the latter sclerite they unite and form a very broad median band, which occupies the dorsum of the postnotum. Pleura pale, whitish. Hialteres, knob and most of the stem dark brown. Legs: cox and trochanters yellowish brown ; femora black, with a distinct reddish annulus at about three-fourths the length ; tibiee reddish at base, rest of tibiae and tarsi shiny black. Wing with a slight yellowish tinge, especially in the cephalic cells ; a very narrow brown mark from / caudad ; a brown mark from the tip of Sc, down beyond Rs; a brown mark at tip of R, and on7; a narrow seam along the cord; outer end of cell 1st M, seamed with brown ; most
33C THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
of the veins seamed with brown ; apical portions of the radial ceils suffused with brown, Venation: (See fig. gq.) Sc ends beyond origin of Rs, Sc, at its tip ; cross-vein 7 at tip of R,; Rs arcuated at origin ; basal deflec- tion of Cu, before the fork of M.
Abdomen, tergum yellowish, the apex of each sclerite brown, with a narrow brown median band ; sternum, markings less clearly defined.
Holotype, 9.—Bocas d’Toro, Panama; Sept. 28, 1903. (P. Osterhout, coll.)
Type in U. S. Nat. Mus. coll. (No. 15,130.)
Furcomyia translucida, sp.n.
Whitish ; mesothoracic prescutum with a narrow median brown stripe ; femora darkened at the tip, pale subapically ; wings with brown spots and bands ; a supernumerary cross-vein in cell Rg.
¢.—Length, 5.8 mm.; wing, 6.9 mm.; middle leg, femur, 5.7 mm.; tibia, 5.2 mm.
g.—Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne, basal seg- ments brown, flagellum yellowish, the terminal three or four segments brown; segments of the flagellum short, globular, the apical segments more elongated. Front, vertex and occiput light yellow, the vertex with a large brown spot in the centre.
Thorax: pronotum dark brown, becoming paler, yellowish white on the sides ; mesonotum, praescutum very pale, almost white, with a clearly- defined dark brown median stripe, rather narrow, ending at the suture ; scutum and scutellum pale, whitish, with a dark brown stripe on each lobe, running backward and meeting on the caudal margin of the scutel- Jum ; postnotum with a very broad brown median mark resulting from the confluence of the scutellar stripes. Pleurs very pale, whitish ; a brownish mark on the propleure above the fore coxa. MHalteres pale, knob dark brown. Legs: coxe and trochanters whitish; femora yellowish brown ; a cleirer yellow subapical ring, tip broadly brown, the extreme apex again rather lightened ; tibiz and tarsi brown, gradually increasing to dark brown. Wings: subhyaline or very faintly yellowish ; a brown mark at the humeral cross-vein extending down across the arculus ; a second mark at tip of Sc, and down across Rs almost to M ; a third, extending into a cross-band, from the stigma, where it is darkest, unbroken across the cord ;
a brown seam on the supernumerary cross-vein in cell Rs; outer end of cell 1st M, seamed with brown. Venation: (See fig. r.) Se short, end- ing just beyond the origin of Rs ; Sc. just opposite origin of Rs; R, ex- tending beyond cross-vein 7-, 7 at its tip. Rs square at its origin and
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 337
spurred, in a line with R,,,; a strong cross-vein in cell Rg at about two- thirds of the length of the cell ; cell rst M, rather elongate ; basal deflec- tion of Cu, at the fork of M.
Abdomen: tergum pale yellowish white, apical fourth dark brown ; apex sternum similar, but the dark apex not so clearly defined.
Holotype.— 4. Bocas d’Toro, Panama; Sept. 28, 1903. (P. Osterhout, coll.)
Type in U. S. Nat. Mus. coll. (No. 15,129.)
Furcomyia gloriosa sp. n.
Antenne brown; thorax gray, dorsum striped with darker; legs, femora dark on apical half, with a subterminal yellow ring ; wing spotted and suffused with brown.
2° .—Length about 6.5 mm.; wing, 8.4 mm.
2 .—Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne, basal seg- ments very dark brown ; basal five flagellar segments lighter brown, apical segments dark brown. Front, vertex and occiput dull gray, with a black mark on vertex along inner margin of the eye.
Thorax : pronotum dull greenish gray pollinose, with a broad black stripe on the side of the scutum. ‘Mesonotum, prescutum dark brown, thickly grayish pollinose, with a black stripe on either side of the narrow median gray line. running from the anterior margin of the sclerite almost to the suture. Lateral stripes short, broad, beginning behind the pseudo- sutural fovea, running across the suture and covering most of the scutum ; scutum in middle and along the caudal margin dark brown ; scutellum and postnotum dark brown. Pleure black, greenish gray pollinose. Halteres, stem pale yellowish brown, knob dark brown. Legs, coxee and trochanters dark brown, the former gray pollinose; femora light yellow, the apical quarter dark brown, with a subapical yellow ring. Wings hyaline or nearly so ; costal cell with four brown marks, the last at Sc, the 3rd over the origin of Rs ; a large square mark at the tip of R, (stigmal) extending down over the fork of Rs; cells 2nd R, and R, with large brown spots filling most of the cells ; cells R; to Cu, suffused with lighter grayish brown and with hyaline spots; basal and anal cells with smaller brown spots ; a series of about four in cell rst A. Ends of veins Cun, 1st and 2nd A, with broad, grayish brown suffusions. Veins brown; Sc and R yellow, except where located in the brown markings, where they are black. Venation: (See fig. j.) Sc long, ending far beyond the
origin of Rs, but slightly before its middle ; Rs long; basal deflection of ‘Cu, far before the fork of M.
338 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Abdomen, tergum dark brown; sternum lighter brown, extreme caudal margins of the sclerites light yellow.
Holotype.— ?. Totonicipan, Guatemala, Cent. Am., 1902. (Dr. G. Eisen.)
Type in U.S. Nat. Mus. coll. (No. 15,132.)
This insect agrees superficially with muscosa End.* of Ecuador, but has Sc much longer, legs very different in colour, and is a much smaller species. Juscosa has a supernumerary cross-vein in cell Rs, but this may not be normal, as it is not mentioned in the specific description.
Furcomyia eiseni, sp. n.
Antenne black throughout; body yellow; legs, femora yellow, passing into brown on the tibi and tarsi ; wings hyaline, with six brown spots along costa, the second, largest, at origin of Rs.
¢.—Length, from 4.5-5 mm.; wing, 6.3-7.5 mm.
9 .—Length, from 4.5-6 mm.; wing, 5-7-7 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi black. Antenne black throughout in the $, with conspicuous long hairs, not so noticeable in the 9. Front, vertex and occiput blackish, grayish pollinose in front.
Thorax: pronotum dull yellow’; mesonotum dull reddish yellow, with a very indistinct darker median stripe and darker lateral stripes which are brownish, these continued back on the scutum, where they cover the lobes; scutellum and postnotum brownish. Pleure yellow, with a more or less conspicuous dark brown stripe running from the cer- vical sclerites to the postnotum. Halteres yellow at base ; apical half of the stem and the knob brown. Legs: coxz and trochanters light yellow ; femora yellow at base, passing into brown ; tibiz and tarsi darker brown. Wings hyaline ; cells C and Sz slightly yellowish ; six brown marks along the costal margin on the cross-veins, as follows: A brown mark at the wing base ; a large brown rectangular mark at the origin of Rs ; a third at the tip of Sc, where it is continued down over the fork of Rs, here meeting the fourth blotch, located at the tip of R,; the marks continuing across the cord ; wing subapically largely dark ; outer end of cell 1st My seamed with brown; a brown mark in the end of cell 2nd R, and cell Rs; ends of veins Cu,, Cu, and rst A, with small brown clouds ; a large spot at end of znd A. Venation: (See fig. s.) Sc long, ending just before the fork of Rs, Sc, at its tip ; Ks square at its origin ; base of cell rst M, arcuated, nearly on a level with the inner end of cell Rg (as in stu/ta O.S.);
*1gt2. Z001. Jahrbuch.; pt. 1, pp. 75, 76; fig. W'. (Dicranomyia. )
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 339
basal deflection of Cu, just beyond the fork of M ; Cu, generally shorter than the deflection of Cu,.
Abdomen, tergum dark brown, the bases of the sclerites somewhat paler ; sternum light yellow, the caudal and lateral margins conspicuously dark brown.
Holotype—¢. Aguna, Guatemala, Cent. Am. (2,000 ft.) ; Sept., 1902. (Dr. G. Eisen, coll.)
Allotype—?. With the type.
Paratypes.—5, ¢ 2. With the type.
Types in U S. Nat. Mus. coll. (No. 15,131), except one paratype in author’s collection.
Furcen yi lutet, sp. n.
Antenne black ; body orange ; abdomen brown ; legs black, tip of tibize and the tarsi pale, orange yellow ; wings dusky, with brown marks.
@.—Length about 6 mm.; wing, 7.3 mm.; middle leg, femur, 5.4 mm.; tibia, 5.8 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne dark brownish black. Front thickly gray pollinose ; vertex and occiput dark orange brown, brighter orange on the occiput.
Thorax: pronotum and mesonotal prescutum and scutum deep orange ; scutellum and postnotum much lighter coloured, yellowish orange. Pleurz orange yellow, lighter coloured ventrally. Halteres, stem yellowish basally, darkening to the blackish knob, Legs: cox and trochanters orange yellow, extreme base of femora yellow ; remainder of femora and most of the tibiz: dark brownish black ; tibize with the apical eight pale orange brown; tarsi orange brown. Wings suffused with dark brown, costal and subcostal cells and the radial cells very dark ; dark brown spots arranged as follows: a rounded mark at the origin of Rs ; one at fork of Rs, continued down the cord as a broken seam ; a round spot at end of R, ; outer end of cell rst M, seamed with dark brown. Venation : Sc long, ending nearer to the fork of Rs than to the origin, Sc, at tip of Sc,. Cross-vein 7 at the tip of Rs; deflection of Ry,; long ; basal deflection of Cu, far before the fork of M.
Abdomen, tergum, segments dark brown ; sternum light yellow.
Holotype—¢?. Tukeit, British Guiana; July 19, tgtr. (F. E. Lutz, coll.)
Type in American Museum of Natural History.
340 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Furcomyia omissa, sp. n.
Small; dark brown ; wings dark, stigma present ; Sc, short, Sc, ap- parently lacking.
9 .—Length, 3.7-4 mm.; wing, 4-4.2 mm.
9.—Head: rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne brownish black. Front, vertex and occiput brown.
Thorax: mesonotum, prascutum with a thick brownish pollen, be- coming grayish on the sides of the sclerite ; a dark brown median stripe beginning near the anterior end of the sclerite, becoming narrower and finally obsolete before the suture ; scutum, scutellum and postnotum dark brown. Pleurz dark brown, with a sparse gray bloom on the middle of the thorax. Halteres dark brown ; remainder of femora, tibiz and tarsi dark brown. Wings somewhat suffused with darker ; a small oval brown stigma. Venation: (See fig.o.) Sc short, ending far before the origin of Rs, Sc, not evident. Rs rather short, about one and one-half times the length of the deflection of R,,;; cross-vein m present in the type, absent in the paratype.
Abdomen dark brown.
Holotype.— 9. Aguna, Guatemala, Cent. Am. (Dr. G. Eisen.)
Paratype.— $. Same as the type.
Types in U. S. Nat. Mus. coll. (No. 15,139.)
Furcomyia knabi sp. n.
Like /iberta O.S., but ventral lobe of ¢ hypopygium produced entrad in a long slender arm.
¢.—Length, 6.5-7 mm.; wing, 8.8-9 8 mm.
?.—Length, 7 mm.; wing, 9 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brownish black ; antenne black. Front, vertex and occiput clear gray.
Thorax : dorsum of the mesonotal prescutum suffused with brown, general colour brownish gray, much browner than the clear gray of the head ; stripes on thoracic dorsum ill-defined ; scutum dull gray, the scutellum very light gray ; postnotum gray. Pleure grayish. Halteres yellow, knob brown. Legs: coxz and trochanters brown ; femora, tibie and tarsi dark brown. Wings almost as in /erta O.S., not pallid at base ; a faint stigma at the tip of R,. Venation: (See fig. m.)
Abdomen gray. Hypopygium: (See fig. w.) Dorsal aspect, gth
fite yery convex, ending ina small knob deeply bifid; pleurx long, cylindrical, bearing two apical lobes; the dorsal lobe slender, chitinized, ending in an acute point; ventral lobe yellow, produced entad
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 34
into a long arm _chitinized, its apex blunt but slightly notched. Ventral aspect, gth tergite almost straight on caudal margin ; pleura short, the inner caudal angle produced into a long appendage, which is tufted with yellow hairs at its tip; guard of the penis long, enlarged basally, projecting slightly beyond the apices of the pleural appendage ; ventrad of the pleural arm is a slender acicular appendage.
Holotype—¢. Totonicipan, Guatemala, 1902! (Dr. G. Eisen.)
Allotype—¢. Antigua, Guatemala. (Dr. G. Eisen.)
Paratypes.—¢ ¢. Totonicipan, Guatemala. (Dr. G. Eisen.)
Types in U. S. Nat. Mus. coll, (No. 15,135). One paratype in author's collection.
Like /iberta O. S. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1859, p. 209; Mono- graph Dipt. N. Am., Vol. 4, p. 69), of the Eastern U. S., but larger, the mesothoracic prascutum browner and the stripes indistinct. In /tberta the # genitalia (fig. u) consists of short pleura, the swollen ventral lobes produced entad in a blunt knob, which bears two conspicuous caudad- projecting spines at its tip, the ventral one very stout, spine-like, the dorsal one more slender. In Avaés the pleurz are longer,.the lobes short, the ventral one produced into a long arm, which. is. slightly notched. apically.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. Fig. h. Wing of /urcomyia andicola, sp. n.
CO it f f. insignifica, Sp. 0. Lath s F. gloriosa, sp. n. ok. : EF: argentina, Sp. n. elt ss FP. liberoides, sp. N. Wes i, £. knabi, sp. n. ui S F. simillima, sp. n. ey ' iit, omissa, Sp. N. ap: sf Fi reticulata, sp. N. a fat : W osterhout?, sp. 0. ets ; F, translucida, sp. 0). ats Me ff. eiseni, sp. n.
cone te OLS Siumosa, sp. n.
“u. Hypopygium of / /iberta Osten Sacken. v=ventral apical appendage. d=dorsal apical appendage.
“ vy. Hypopygium of /. /iberoides, sp. 0.
is fF. knabi, sp. n.
(To be continued.)
Can. ENT., VOL. XLIV PLaTe XI.
FURCOMYIA (TIPULIDAE, DIPT.).
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 361
NEW SPECIES OF FURCOMY/4 (TIPULID2:). BY CHAS. P. ALEXANDER, ITHACA, N, Y. (Continued from page 341.) Furcomyia libertoides, sp. 0.
Closest allied to Zberta O. S. of the Eastern U.S., but differs as follows: The prascutal stripes are not clearly defined, the middle of the dorsum being suffused with bright brown ; tergum of abdomen brownish, not clear gray; wings with the stigma conspicuous, rectangular, not a narrow seam to cross-vein 7. Hypopygium from above—see fig. 5.). The pleural piece triangular, the ventral apical appendage fleshy, its inner margin produced into a point’ which is directed cephalad ; two short spines about equal in size, projecting caudad on the middle of this appendage ; dorsal arm, or apical appendage, rather short, gently curved. Venation, fig. |.
Length about 6.5-7.5 mm.; wing, 8.7-8.8 mm.
Holotype.—¢. Marin Co., Cal.; March 23, 1897.
Paratypes.— gs 5. With the type.
The material is part of the Wheeler collection ; one paratype in author’s collection.
Furcomyia simillima, sp. n.
Yellowish thorax, with a dark brown median stripe; halteres very long.
¢@.— Length about 5.5 mm.; wing, average, 6.8 mm.
?.—Length about 5 8 mm.; wing, average, 7.4 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown, Antenne, first segment dark brown, thickly gray pruinose, remaining segments dark brownish black. Front, vertex and occiput brown, thickly gray pruinose, producing a gray effect.
Thorax: cervical sclerites dark, almost black ; pronotum light dull yellow, dark brown along the dorsal median line. Mesonotum bright brownish yellow, becoming grayish on the sides; a broad dark brown median stripe continued from the pronotum, ending just before the suture } lateral stripes indistinct, grayish brown, beginning behind the pseudo- suture, continued across the suture and suffusing the lobes of the scutum ; median line of the scutunr and the scutellum paler yellowish white ; postnotum brown; metanotum light yellow. Pleure light yellow, be- coming grayish toward the metapleure. _ Halteres very long, extreme bas¢ yellowish, rest dark brown. Legs: coxe and trochanters yellowish ; femora yellow becoming somewhat darker apically; tibia .and? tarsi
December, 1912
362 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
yellowish brown. Wings subhyaline; no stigmal spot ; veins yellowish brown. Venation: (See fig. n.) Sc ending before origin of Rs, Sc, far before tip so that Sc, is long, somewhat shorter than Rs ; basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M.
Abdomen: tergum yellowish brown, apices of the sclerites narrowly paler ; sternum light yellow.
Holotype.— 4. ‘Totonicipan, Guatemala. (Dr. G. Eisen.)
Allotype— 9. Antigua, Guatemala. (Dr. G. Eisen.)
Paratypes.—11 ¢s, 8 9s. Quichi (July, 1902); Antigua and Totonicipan (July, 1902) ; Guatemala.
Types in U.S. Nat. Mus. coll. (No. 15,134.) Paratypes in author’s collection.
Resembles particeps Doane (Ent. News, Jan., ’08, p. 7), from north- western U.S, but head is more gray, abdomen much lighter coloured and the thoracic stripes different.
Furcomyia andicola, sp. n.
Head gray ; thorax brownish yellow ; wings with scanty brown marks.
9 .—Length, 8.1 mm.; wing, 11.2 mm.
9 .—Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne, basal seg- ments brown, flagellar segments very dark brown. Front, vertex and occiput gray.
Thorax: pronotum dull yellow, the dorsum indistinctly suffused with brown. Mesonotum dull brownish yellow, a broad brown median stripe and shorter, less distinct lateral ones ; scutum reddish brown, suffused with darker brown ; scutellum and postnotum brown, with a grayish brown bloom. Pleurze dark brown. Halteres, stem greenish at base, darkening to brown at the tip. Legs: cox greenish, femora brownish yellow, the tip clearer yellow ; tibiz light brown, darkened at tip ; tarsi brown. Wings subhyaline, veins brown, C, Sc and R, more yellowish ; a large, rectangu- lar brown stigma, which is continued back over the fork of Rs as a rounded spot ; narrow brown seams on the cord and outer end of cell rst M.. Venation (see fig. h.): Se ending just beyond origin of Rs; Sc, removed from the tip so that Sc, is rather more than half as long as Rs; Rs about one and one-half the length of the deflection of R,.;; basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M.
Abdomen: tergum and sternum brown, the apices of the sclerites yellowish. It is probable that, in life, the insect is quite greenish.
Holotype.— ?. San Antonio, Bolivia. (Received from Staudinger- Bang- Haas.)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 363
Type in author’s collection. Agrees most closely with pAatfa Phil, which has the thorax gray and the wing-pattern very different, three black spots in cells rst R, and 2nd Ry
Furcomyia tnsignifica, sp. 0.
Head brownish gray ; thorax reddish brown, dirker medially.
2.—Length, 8.5 mm.; wing, 9.6 mm.; fore leg, femur, 59 mm.; tibia, 7 3 mm.
2? .—Head : rostrum, palpi and antenne dark brown. Front, vertex and occiput brownish gray.
Thorax: pronotum yellowish brown. Mesonotum, preescutum reddish brown, darkest brown medially on prescutum ; paler, yellowish, on the humeral angles ; pleur brownish yellow, brightening to yellow on the sternum. Halteres long, slender, brown, brighter at the base. Legs long, slender ; coxee and trochanters yellowish ; femora yellowish brown ; tibie and tarsi brown. Wings hyaline, veins light brown ; stigma barely indicated, rectangular, very pale. Venation (see fig. i.): Sc short, Sc, quite removed from the tip of Sc, ; Rs short, not much longer than the deflection of R,,;; basal deflection of Cu, far before the fork of M.
Abdomen: tergum dark brown on the basal segments, lighter browm on the apical segments ; sternum light brown.
Holotype.— 2. Iquico, Peru. (Received from Staudinger-Bang-Haas )
Type in author’s collection.
This species cannot be referred to fad/ida Macq, which has a triangular cell rst M, which bears a spur, this character of an appendi- culate cell also separating e/guéfensts Blanch. The other species with unspotted wings, favida Phil. and chlorotica Phil., are quite different insects, specimens of which are before me, and will be redescribed in a later paper.
Furcomyia argentina, sp. 0.
Head gray ; thorax gray, darker on dorso-median line.
9 .—Length, 8 mm.; wing, 8.9 mm.; fore leg, femur, 6 mm.; tibia, 7 mm.; hind leg, femur, 7.1 mm.; tibia, 7.7 mm.
@ .—Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown, grayish pollinose ; segments submoniliform. Front, vertex and occiput gray.
Thorax: pronotum brownish gray, the gray being pollen. Meso- notum, preescutum gray, with an indistinct, broad, brown, median stripe + scutum, scu‘ellum and postnotum pale, with a gray pollen. Pleure pale
364 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. gray poilinose. Halteres short, stem dull yellow, knob brown. Legs : «ox and trochanters du!l yellow ; femora similar, rather darkened toward the up ; tibiz and tarsi ligit brown. Wings hyaline, veins dark brown, conspicuous ; stigma indistinct, brownish. Venation (see fig. k.): Sc ends opposite the origin of Rs ; Sc, far retracted so that Sc, is almost as long as the stigma; Rs only a little longer than the deflection of R,.,; basal deflection of Cu, at the fork of M. Abdomen: tergum dull brown ; sternum yellowish brown. Holotype-— ?. Neuquen, Argentina, 1907. (Dr. Adolf Lenol.) Type in author’s collection. Differs frem the hitherto described species by the characters give in | under insignifica. From tusignifica it differs in its wing venation, colour of veins, and body tone.
? Furcomyla fumosa, sp. 0.
Wings infumed, with darker clouds.
@ .—Length about 5.5 mm; wing, 6.3 mm.
© —Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brownish black. Front, vertex and occiput brownish, with a grayish pubescence.
Thorax: pronotum dark brown. Mesonotum light brown, the postnotum darker. Pleurze dark brown. Halteres dark brown, base of the stem light coloured. Legs: cox and trochanters dark brown, rest of legs broken. Wings infumed with brown, darker brown clouds arranged as follows: At origin of Rs, at tip of Sc, at tip of R,, along cord ; most of veins and tip of wing clouded with dark brown. Venation (see fig. t.): Sc long, Sc, ending slightly before the fork of Rs, Sc, at its tip: R, bends down near its end and touches R,.g, obliterating the cross-vein 7 ; basal deflection of Cu, beyond the fork of M.
Holotype.— @. Amatuk, British Guiana; July 14, 1911. (F. E. Lutz.)
Type in American Museum of Natural History.
This insect is closely allied to Zimnobia insularis Will. (Dipt. St. Vincent, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, 1896, p. 287, pl. ro, fig. 58), but the wing has quite a different pattern, cell rst M, less elongated, basal deflec- tion of Cu, farther distad, etc The two species are certainly as close to furcomyia as they are to Limnobiz, but seem to represent a peculiar group which needs further study with more material.
Mr. Epwarp P. Van Dezee, of Buffalo, leaves early in December for a four months’ vacation in California. His temporary address will be San Diego, Calif.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. : 205
A NEW PALAEARCTIC GERANOMYIA (TIPULID&, DIPTERA).
BY C. P. ALEXANDER AND M. D. LEONARD, ITHACA, N. Var
The following species is described from material sent to the authors by Prof. Dr. M. Bezzi. It was received by him from a correspondent in Ile Djerba, off the northern coast of Africa. Our thanks are due to Dr. Bezzi, and we take pleasure in dedicating this interesting species to him.
Geranomyia bezsit, sp. n.
Male (alcoholic). Colour light yellow ; proboscis with a brown sub- apical band; thoracic dorsum with four longitudinal brown. stripes ; pleure with a few dark brown spots. Wings hyaline with four rather indistinct spots.
Length, 7.2-75 mm.; wing, 6 3-6.4 mm.; head, total, 2.2 mm.; thorax, 1.7 mm.; hind femora, 5 mm.
Head: Proboscis light yellow, with a conspicuous, brown, subapical band ; palpi brown ; antennz yellow. Front, vertex and occiput light brownish yellow.
Thorax: Ground colour yellow ; dorsum with two median and two lateral brown stripes. Mesothoracic praescutum pale yellow, with two brown longitudinal bands, a little wider than the dividing median line, these bands darker on the outer margin; they begin near the cephalic margin of the sclerite and continue caudad. fading out at about two-thirds the length of the sclerite. Just cephalad of the end of the median stripes begin the dark brown lateral stripes ; on the praescutum they are arcuated, continuing back onto the scutum, where they are also broader ; end of the scutellum darker brown on either side of the pale median line ; caudal edge of the postnotum dark brown. Pleurz concolorous with the dorsum, lateral margin of the mesothoracic preescutum dark brownish black, most intense on the margin of the sclerite ; an intense brown semilunar mark on the pronotal pleure, midway between the anterior cox and the dark mark on the edge of the mesothoracic preescutum ; an irregular, interroga- tion-like mark below the wing root ; ventral portion of the mesothoracic episternum and sternum brown. Halteres light yellow, knob clear yellow. Legs light brownish yellow, tips of the segments not appreciably darker.
Abdomen yellow, with a brown mark on the ventral edge of the tergites, the first elongate, expanded over two segments ; behind this there
1. Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University. July, 1912
206 3 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
are five marks on successive segments. On the dorsal edge of the sternites are six corresponding marks, rather less distinct than the tergal marks. Hypopygium light yellow, fleshy apical appendages almost white.
Wings: Hyaline or nearly so ; veins light brownish yellow ; very pale brown clouds around the base of Rs, around cross-vein 7, and in the middle of cell Sc. Venation: Sc ending about opposite the origin of Rs; Sc? slightly retracted proximad of the origin of Rs, about one-half the length
R,
———
Fic. 6 —Wing of Geranomyia bezcit, sp. a.
of Sc,. Rs moderately long, about twice the length of the basal deflection of R,.;; cross-vein 7 at the tip of Ry, which is abruptly upcurved beyond it, very indistinct ; R,,, and R,.; arcuated and parallel ; cross-vein 7-m short, pale ; basal deflection of Cu, about equal to Cu,; Cu, fusing M distad of the fork M.
Holotype, ¢, lle Djerba, Tunis. (Museo Torino.)
Paratype, 3 gs, Ile Djerba, Tunis. (One in Museo Torino, two in Cornell University.)
Remarks: Some venational variation occurs in the paratypes. In some Sc, is exactly opposite the origin of Rs, and Sc, is only a little shorter than Sc,; basal deflection of Cu, at the fork of M, or even slightly proximad of it. (See figure.) The relative length of Cu, and the basal deflection of Cu, varies somewhat, Cug, however, being generally a little the shorter.
Key to the Palearctic Geranomyie :
1. Wings unspotted’)..: 2.0... 52.5. coos» one (NOnPalecarchic species): Wings: ‘spotted ::,. «. <)-sicuccpediemsais esieneeberte tai suntey ois pire roe eee 2. Thoracic dorsum without distinct stripes.....................-.3: Thoracic dorsum. withydistinctystripes.-eiee eee elena et eae
3. Antenne and palpi yellowish brown ; femora and tibize black at lt SAAC OariS Soa ULC OmarOO Gd ossocnummoctl ectiigd Witoll ls:
ie Wollaston—Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, I, p. 115 (as Limnobia ), (1858).
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 207
Antenne and palpi black ; femora and tibi not black at
WN atog sb d00 4 oS ROU OO UD Od OO NOHO EM Lia hen RULE ATI) ES 4 ls 4. Thoracic dorsum with two dark stripes.......... divittata Becker.® Thoracic dorsum with more than two dark stripes................5.
5. Costal margin of wings with six large equidistant brown GViMNGcd OP we cower cwdo ns aot Osas eb eS Gb UB cule SOREL Aaa aay A son Costal margin of wings with four spots............... an oolh
6. General colour yellowish brown ; proboscis unicolorous. . w#éco/or Hal.° General colour light yellow; proboscis light yellow, with a dark sub- apiCaleban dine clever: + ekeeie on ates cise tentlg eters O » OCSSIE US Poon
This key is based entirely on the published description of the species hitherto proposed. Some of these descriptions are very insufficient, for example, those of atlantica Wollaston and wunicolor Haliday. One, maculipennis Curtis,® is so brief and unsatisfactory that we have not attempted to include it in the above key. The complete description reads as follows: “Rather larger than G. uxicolor, and is of a lurid ochre, the wings tinged with the same colour. It may be merely a variety, differing principally in colour, arising possibly from age.
Whether or not Aforosa Macq. (1838), in which Enderlein has placed maculipennis Macq. (=canariensis Berg.) and vicina Macq,, is distinct from Geranomyia is uncertain. The character of a radial cross-vein shou'd be sufficient to distinguish this group of species from the typical Geranomyia group. Enderlein’ states that vicina has but one marginal cell; however, Macquart (Diptéres Exotiques, V, 1, pt. 1, p. 70), states clearly that there are two marginal cells. It is doubtful whether vicina isa Geranomyia; the statement of “rostre un peu alongé” being quite insufficient to give it a position in the genus Geranomyia.
Acknowledgements are made to Mr. Frederick Knab for his kindness in supplying a reference not otherwise obtainable.
The drawing of the wing was made by means of the projection microscope in the Entomological Laboratory.
2. Macquart—Diptéres Exotiques, Vol. I, pt. I, p.63 (as Aporosa maculipennis ) (1838) ; changed to canariensis by Bergroth, Wiener Entomol. Z itung, Vol. 8, p- 118 (1889).
3. Becker—Berlin Mitt. Zo6l. Mus., Vol. 4, p. 187 (1g08).
4. Mik—Verhandlungen Zodl.-Bot. Gesellschaft Wien., Vol. 14, p. 791 (1864), as maculipennis, n. sp.; changed to caloptera Mik, Verh. Zo6l.-Bot. Geselischaft Wien., Vo!. 17, p 423 (1867).
5. Halidiay—Entomological Magazine, Vol. 1, p. 155 (1833); Curtis, Brit. Entomol., Vol. 12, p. 573 (excellen coloured figure); Macquart, Suit. A Buffon, Vol. 2, p. 652 (1835).
6. Curtis—Brit. Entomol., Vol. 12, p. 573 (1835).
7. Enderlein, G.—Zodlogische Jabrbiicher, Vol. 32. part 1, p. 79, 80 (1912).
208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
DRAGON FLIES COLLECTED AT POINT PELEE AND PELEE ISLAND, ONTARIO, IN THE SUMMERS OF rgro AND tort.
BY F. M. ROOT, OBERLIN, OHIO.
Lestes unguiculatus Hagen.—Point Pelee. One specimen.
Lestes forcipatus Rambur.—Pelee Island. Very common.
Lestes vigilax Hagen.—Point Pelee. Common around ponds.
Enallagma carunculatum Morse.—Pt. Pelee. Fairly common near ponds.
Enallagma pollutum Hagen.—Pt. Pelee. Fairly common near ponds.
Ischnura verticalis Say.—Pt. Pelee and Pelee Island. Common.
Gombhus vastus Walsh.—Pelee Island. Five specimens taken near woods.
Anax junius Drury.—Pt. Pelee and Pelee Island. Common. (See note at end.)
Eschna clepsydra Say.—Pelee Island. One specimen taken.
i schna constricta Say.—Pt. Pelee and Pelee Island. Fairly com- mon. (See note.)
Epicordulia princeps Hagen.—Pt. Pelee. Fairly common about large ponds.
Pantala hymenea Say.—Pelee Island. One taken, others seen. (See note.)
Tramea carolina Linné.—Pt. Pelee. Rare. (See note.)
Tramea lacerata Hagen.—Pt. Pelee and Pelee Island. Common. (See note.)
Celithemis eponina Drury.—Pt. Pelee. Common near ponds.
Celithemis elisa Hagen.—Pt. Pelee. Rare.
Leucorrhinia intacta Hagen.— Pelee Island. Common at swamps.
Sympetrum rubicundulum Say.—Pelee Island and Pt. Pelee. Fairly common.
Sympetrum vicinum Hagen.—Pelee Island and Pt. Pelee. Very common. (See note.)
Sympetrum corruplum Hagen.—Pt. Pelee. Rare. (See note.)
Lrythemis simplicollts Say.—Pt. Pelee and Pelee Island. Common near ponds. (See note.)
-achydiplax longipennis Burm.—Pt. Pelee and Pclee Island. Com- mon. (See note.)
Libellula basalis Say.—Pt. Pelee and Pelee Island. Fairly common
near ponds. July, 1912
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209
Libellula incesta Hagen.—Pt. Pelee. Common at the ponds.
Libellula pulchella Drury.—Pt. Pelee and Pelee Island. Common. (See note.) ;
Plathemis lydia Drury.—Pt. Pelee. Rare, but seen regularly.
Nore.—On Pelee Island in r9ro, about the middle of August, or a little later, there were three days when dragon-flies of species hitherto not seen in large numbers swarmed around the end of the Point, Presumably they were migrating. The principal species concerned were Anax junius, Eschna constricta, Tramea lacerata and Pantala hymenea.
On Point Pelee in 1911, about the middle of August, the deer-flies became suddenly much more numerous, and on August 17 great numbers of dragon-flies appeared (perhaps following the deer-flies). The great bulk of these were teneral Anax junius (with reddish-purple abdumens), and towards evening they clustered so thickly on the cedars near the end of the Point that eight or ten could be captured any time by a single sweep of the net. With them were large numbers of Sympetrum vicinum (which preferred the low junipers to the cedars) and smaller numbers of Zramea lacerata and 4@schna constricta. There were also a few each of Zramea carolina, Sympetrum corruptum, Erythemis simplicollis, Pachydiplax longipennis and Libellula pulchella with the flocks. They remained until August 20.
THREE DAYS IN THE PINES OF YAPHANK. RECORDS OF CAPTURES OF HEMIPTERA HETEROPTERA.
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, WHITE PLAINS, Noy.
.
The name Yaphank (with the stress on the “/awk”) has a truly barbarous cadence. It is an interesting relic, one of the few remain- ing vestiges of the great Shinnecock tribe, once Lords of Long Island. The place that bears this cacophonous name is, indeed, one of the very few regions near New York and its teeming millions not utterly spoiled to the lover of nature by the “improvements” of modern progress as exemplified by its advance agents, the real estate dealers. Here and there in this land of sand and pines and scrub- oak, are still to be found ancient trees that stood when Hendrick Hudson first sailed into the Narrows. The present holders of the land are descendants of original Royal Patentees, and they own great stretches of wilderness. So it comes about that insect life is abundant
in numbers and rich in species, not the least among them being the July, 1912
210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Hemiptera. The chief collecting grounds are about two miles from the railroad station and the vegetation consists mainly of pine, scrub oak and along the roads, maple trees, and the weeds and shrubs common to this latitude.
Toward the end of September, 1911, 1 had the good fortune to spend three days there with Mr. G. B. Engelhardt, who was guide, philosopher and friend. We arrived about 11 a.m. the morning of the 23rd, and indulged in a little collecting before the noon-day mea!, after which we went out and did some sweeping and beating with good results, one being the capture of a new Corizus, described else- where. In the evening, between 8 and 1o, Engelhardt went sugaring, carrying a trap lantern, while I swept. The following day was rainy in the morning, but as soon as it cleared up sufficiently we took our way to the Carman River, a clear, shallow stream flowing over a bed of sand where a litle dredging was done, which yielded among other things one specimen of Belostoma dutartum Stal. (taken by Engelhardt), which is the farthest Northern authentic record for the species known to me. In the afternoon sweeping and beating made up the programme, in the brush and trees about a cranberry bog and in the grasses growing in it. Night sweeping vave good results, no less than 16 species being taken in clearings in the woods, while Ozophora picturata Say flew to light, its great agility making it hard to catch. The morning of the 25th dawned grey and muggy, the day finally clearing in the late afternoon. Sunshine or rain being one to the waterbugs, Engelhardt and I betook ourselves to the lake, where wingless Rheumatobates rileyi Bergr. was far from uncommon, but only one Zrepobates pictus H. S. was seen, although I was out in a boat looking for it. Here, in the floating duck-weed and alge I secured what seems to be a new species of Microvelia, in goodly numbers. On the way to and from the lake sweeping and beating were done with good results, and this part of the programme repeated in the afternoon yielded among other things, no less than rr specimens of the new Corizus, 2 being fully winged, the other brachypterous. In the evening our stay was wound up by Engelhardt visiting his sugared trees, while I watched the trap light and caught two Ozophora. Altogether, in the three days, in spite of unfavourable weather, we got between us some 300 specimens and 82 species of Hemiptera. The identified species are listed here-
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 211
after, with appropriate comment. Many of these are recorded from Long Island for the first time, and some of the other records are unusual or remarkable.
Apateticus (= Podisus) cynicus Say.—Was taken at sugar in the evening—a most unusual manner.
Apateticus maculiventris Say.
Apateticus serteventris Uhler.
Apateticus modestus Dallas.
Apateticus plactdus Ubler.
Flalcostethus (= Peribalus M. & R.) “imbolarius Stal.
Trichopepla semivittata Say.
Euschistus euschistoides Voll. (=fissilis Uhler.)
Euschistus variolarius P. B.
Thyanta custator Fabr.
Nezara hilaris Say.—At sugar, taken by Mr. Engelhardt.
Dendrocoris humeralis Uhler.
Brochymena arborea Say.
Tetyra bipunctata Fabr.—Was taken at light.
Aradus shermani Heid.—This species was taken under bark of dead pine tree, a few adults and a number of nymphs in various stages. Apparently first notice other than the type loca.ity in Pennsylvania.
Aradus cinnamomeus Panz.
Meszira granulata Say.
Corynocoris typhaeus Fabricius.—Swept from weeds in a dry field.
This appears to be the preferred habitat of this species.
Alydus eurinus Say.
Alydus pilosulus H. S.
Megalotomus 5-spinosus Say.—Common on false indigo ( Baptista tinctoria). Some specimens were also swept at night.
Hlarmostes reflexulus Say.
Corizus lateralis Say.
Corizus hirtus Bueno.—In a sandy spot, in short grasses, by sweeping.
Jalysus spinosus Say.
Lygaeus kalmit Fabr.
Wysius providus Ubler.—Swept and taken at light.
Wysius thymi Wolff.
Ischnorhynchus geminatus Say.
Geocoris piceus Say.
212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Phlegyas abbreviata Uhler.—One long-winged specimen was swept.
Crophius disconotus Say.—Beaten from oak.
Ligyrocorts diffusus Uhler.
Pamera basalis Dallas.
Antillocoris (= Cligenes) pilosulus Uhler.—TYaken by sweeping grasses in dry cranberry bog.
Pseudocnemodus bruneri Barber.—Two long-winged specimens were swept, one by daylight, the other at night. This is a pretty common and widespread species.
Carpilis ferruginea Stal.—Two specimens taken by sweeping in a marsh. This species has apparently not been recognized since Stal described it in 1874, in En. IV, pp. 144, 153. This is a notable addition to our fauna, and serves to show how little is known of the Hemiptera of any given region. ;
Ozophora picturata Uhler.—A number of specimens were taken at light and one was beaten from oak. This is a most agile species.
Drymus unus Say. b
Corythuca juglandis Fitch.—Taken by beating.
Corythuca crataegt Morrill—Taken by beating.
Corythuca pergandet Heidemann.
Physatochetla plexa Say.—Beaten from oak.
Reduviolus sordidus Rent.
Reduviolus ferus Linné.
Mesovelia bisignata Uhler.
Rhagovelia obesa Uhler.
Microvelia americana Uhler.—There are also 3 seeminglyaaihdes- cribed AZicroveliae. "
Gerris marginatus Say.
Gerris remigis Say.
Trepobates pictus H.S.
Rheumatobates rileyi Bergroth.—Abund int on the lake.
Neogeus (= Hebrus Curtis) concinnus Uhl.—Quite abundant on the damp edges of a cranberry bog.
Pygolampis, sp.—Nymph.
Pselliopus (= Milyas) cinctus Fab.—Beaten and swept. Found mating.
Zelus luridus Stal.—Nymphs.
Fitchia aptera Stal.—One large fully-winged female was swept in a little meadow.
we
12
[Reprinted from PsycHE, Vol. XIX, No. 6.]j
NEW NEARCTIC TIPULIDAE (DIPTERA).'
By Cuarutes P. ALEXANDER,
Ithaca, N. Y.
The following crane-flies, received from various correspondents during the past few months, are believed to be new to science.
Limnobia argenteceps sp. nov.
Antennz 15-segmented; pleure yellow, with a brown band; wings spotted; Se short, ending before the origin of Rs.
o’, Length, 4.6 mm.; wing, 5.9 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi black; antenne 15-segmented, with the segments all black, flagellar segments rounded-ovate; front, vertex and occiput black with a conspicuous silvery-grey bloom; gen darker. .
Thorax: pronotum light brownish-yellow; mesonotum, prescutum: in front and on the lateral margin, rather bright yellow; an indistinct broad, brown, median stripe which spreads out behind and covers the entire sclerite before the suture; scutum brown, paler, yellowish, medially; scutellum and post-notum brown. Pleure yellow, with a broad brown band extending from the cervical sclerites back to the halteres and base of the abdomen. Hallteres, pale at base; remainder, darker, brown. Legs: coxe bright yellow; trochanters yellow; femora yellowish-brown,
toward the tip; tibie and tarsi brown.
: hyaline, veins brown; a brown spot at the tip of Se, extending around the base of the sector; a large square stigmal spot; all cross-veins and deflections of veins, narrowly marginal with brown; tip of the wing and ends of all of the veins, faintly tinged with brown. Venation (See fig. 1): Sc short, Se: at the tip, end- ing before the base of Rs; Rs rather square at its origin; basal deflection of Cuz before the fork of M.
Abdomen: tergum dark brown, the extreme apice of each sclerite and a broad median patch on the base of segments 1 to 6, yellow; sternum mostly pale yellow, the lateral margins and an indistinct, sub-apical, cross-band, brown. Hypopy- gium yellowish: margin of the 8th tergite almost straight; pleural pieces, cylin- drical, thickly beset with stout hairs, bearing apically, a large pale segment which is likewise beset with hairs, and armed at its tip with a slender, chitinized projec- tion, curved at its ends; guard of the penis long, prominent, enlarged apically and notched.
1Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Cornell University.
164 Psyche [December
Holotype, o, Huachuca Mts., Arizona; Aug. 1905 (H. Skinner, Coll.) Type in coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.
The reference of this insect to Limnobia is merely provisional; I do not care to add a new genus to our already too long list, nor do I know of any genus into which this species will accurately fit. It is remarkable in possessing antennz which are 15-segmented. The hypopygium is more like that of Limnobia than it is like that of Furcomyia, still the appearance of the insect, and its venation, are strongly suggestive of the last-named genus. It may be well to compare it with this genus; in Doane’s Key (Ent. News, Jan. ’08; p. 5-7) it runs down to couplet 30, but runs out because of its spotted wings. It is related to Furcomyia signipennis Coq. of California (J. N. Y. Ent. Soc.; vol. 13; p. 56; (1905).
Elliptera astigmatica sp. nov.
Wings without a stigmal spot.
o Length, 8.75 mm.; wing, 14 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi brownish-black; antennz, segment one, elongate-cy- lindrical; flagellar segments oval, similar to one another in shape, gradually smaller; antenne black; front, vertex and occiput black; the occiput narrowed behind. (It is probable that the head is covered with a grey bloom in fresh specimens; the type is injured.)
Thorax: very convex, prescutum large, greyish-brown, clearer grey along the margins and on the pleure; the prescutum is very large, so that the meso-thoracie legs are very widely separated from the prothoracic pair, but close to the metatho- racic; scutum, scutellum and post-notum dark grey, the caudal margin of the scutel- lum brown. Halteres light yellow, the knob brown. Legs: fore cox dark brown, yellowish at the tip; remainder lacking; middle and hind legs, cox yellowish- brown; femora and tibize obscure yellowish-brown; tarsi lacking.
Wings: hyaline, with a faint yellow suffusion in cells C, Se, Ri and anterior por- tions of R;; stigma entirely absent; veins, brown, R: darker than the others; a brownish suffusion below Cu and 2nd Anal. Venation (See fig. 2.): Costa in vicinity of Sc bellied out cephalad and incrassated; Se rather long, lying closer to C than to R; Se: far retracted, so that Se: is about equal to Rs; R long, ending before the wing-tip, strongly incrassated to near the origin of Ris; Rs long, aris- ing at an extremely acute angle, diverging only slightly from Ri; Re,: in a direct line with Rs; basal deflection of R,s short, strongly arcuated, beyond cross-vein r-m, straight, parallel with R23 to near the tip when it runs somewhat caudad; M weak, on a line with M; and Cu:; deflection of M:,: almost as long as the cross-vein r-m; M:,: proximad of m longer than that portion beyond it, making cell Ist Ma very elongate; Cu strong, Cu: about two-thirds as long as Cuz; Cu: fuses with M just before the fork; 1st A very weak; 2nd A stronger, gently bisinuate; anal angle rather prominent.
1912] Alexander—New Nearctic Tipulidae (Diptera) 165
Abdomen greyish on dorsum, pleure darker, blackish; sternum testaceous.
Holotype, co’, Roger's Pass, British Columbia; J uly 30,1908. (J. Chester Brad- ley, coll.)
Type in Cornell Univ. coll.
This species agrees with the other American species, clausa O. 5. of California, in its possessing a median cross-vein. It differs in the entire absence of a stigmal spot. I have seen the types of clausa in Cambridge, thanks to the kindness of Mr. Henshaw, and find that that portion of Ri, just underneath the stigma is bent caudad, and, beyond the stigma, regains its former level; no such condition exists in astigmatica.
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) distincta sp. nov.
Vertex variegated; mesonotum clear light grey; dorsal stripes rather broad, clear; pleural stripes very distinct, clear-cut; femora with two dark bands, except- ing the middle pair which has one; wings greyish, spotted and dotted, on the veins and in the cells, with white.
co’, Length, 3.6—3.8 mm.; wing, 4.6 mm.
Head: palpi brown; antenne light yellowish-brown; vertex with a large, clear grey, oval spot, surrounded by a brown border; the outer margins of the vertex, nearest the eyes, fawn-colored; occiput dark brown. Cervical sclerites pale yellow, dorsally with two dark spots.
Thorax: pronotum whitish, the scutellum interrupted medially with a dark pit; mesonotum, preescutum clear light grey, the lateral margins narrowly greyish; a brown stripe on either side, beginning near the caudal end of the pronotum, con- tinuing backward; a brown stripe on either side of the grey median yitta. Pseudo sutural pits: elongate-oval, pale; the space anterior to this fovea is pale, fawn- colored; prescutal, or tuberculate, pits, distinct, black, separated from one another by a distance equal to one and one-half the diameter of one; these pits are located in the median ground stripe near the proximal edge of the dark dorsal stripes; scutum, greyish, the vitte of the prescutum continued backward onto this; scu- tellum light yellowish-brown, darker anteriorly; post-notum grey, tri-vittate with dark brown. Pleurz dark brown; a narrow yellowish-white pale stripe running from the lateral margin of the cervical sclerites, caudad; broadening out above the fore coxa and continuing to the wing basis; a broad, clear, silvery-white stripe, narrowest anteriorly, beginning back of the fore coxa, running back to the base of the abdomen; sternum clear grey. The pleura has the appearance of having three dark and two pale bands. Halteres, stem white, knob pale brown. Legs: fore and hind femur, yellow with a broad sub-basal, and a narrower, sub-apical, brownish- black ring; tibie and tarsi whitish; extreme tarsal segments darker; middle leg, similar, but femur has only the sub-apical dark band.
Wings greyish, browner on the cephalic half, with numerous white spots and dots, these largest along the costa and on the cord; the cells are speckled with numerous fine dots.
166 Psyche [December
Abdomen light brownish-yellow; a broad, brown, median stripe.
Holotype, co, Highrolls, New Mexico; May 31, 1902. Paratypes, 3 o's; Highrolls, New Mexico; May 31, June 2, and June 10, 1902.
Types in coll. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phil.
\
This species differs from its nearest ally, caloptera Say, in its very clearcut pattern of coloration, clear grey with distinct pleural stripes, not yellowish with indistinct pleural stripes, ete.
Trimicra pygmeza sp. nov.
Small; brown; basal half of antenne yellow, remainder brown; wings greyish with a short pubescence in all the cells.
9, length, 3.2 mm.: wing, 3.5 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antennz, basal seven segments light yel- low, terminal segments dark brown; front, vertex and occiput dark brown.
Thorax: dark brown, the lateral margin of the mesonotal prescutum dull yellow- ish; scutum, scutellum and post-notum dark brown, dark stripes not evident; pleure dark brown, more yellowish near the dorsal margin. Halteres yellow. Legs: coxee and trochanters yellowish-brown; femora, tibiae and tarsi brown.
Wings: hyaline with a slight greyish tinge; stigma indistinctly grey; veins brown, R more yellowish. Wing covered in all the cells with a thick short pubescence. Venation: (See fig. 3) Sc. retracted far back from the tip of Sci; Rs leaves R: at an acute angle; fork of Re; deep, Rz,s being a little shorter than the basal deflection of Cui; cross-vein r just beyond the fork of R:;: and far removed from the tip of R:. Abdomen: dark brown; in the 2 with the valves of the ovipositor rather short, yellow.
Holotype: o&, Woodworth’s Lake, Fulton Co., N. Y. (alt. 1660 ft); Aug. 22, 1910 (Alexander, coll.). Allotype; 9, with the type. Paratypes: 9, Wooster, Ohio; Sept. 20, 1911, on grass-lands. (Houser, coll.) In coll. John Houser. o@ Coy Glen, Ithaca, N. Y.; May 28, 1912; (Alexander and Sheffield.)
The types are mounted in balsam, in the author’s collection. Related to T. anomala O. S. but much smaller and quite differ- ently colored; Mexican specimens which I have determined as T. anomala may, or may not, be conspecific with T. pilipes Fabr. of Europe (Compare Osten Sacken, Western Dipt., p. 200.) If so, it is easily separated from pygmaea by its non-pubescent wings.
1I have applied the term “pseudosutural pits’ to the deep impressions on the antero-lateral margins of the prascutum existing in many Tipulide (humeral pits of Osten Sacken). The ‘double dots’ of Osten Sacken are spoken of above as the ‘tuberculate pits.’
1912] Alerander—New Nearctic Tipulidae (Diptera) 167
Limnophila laricicola sp. nov.
Small; antenne of the co" elongate; color of the body light yellow; wings sub- hyaline.
o', Length, uncertain, abdomen broken; wing, 5.4 mm.
Head: antenne elongate, the segments indistinct, twisted, elongate-ovate, nar- rowed at the ends, brownish in color; front, vertex and occiput light brown, but discolored, and possibly different in fresh material.
Thorax: pronotum brown; mesonotum, prescutum brown on the anterior mar- gin; a dark brown spot on the frontal third of the sclerite in a median position; remainder of the sclerite light yellow, sub-shining, with a sparse pale bloom; scu- tum and post-notum light yellow, the latter with an indistinct narrow brown median stripe; pleure yellow, darker near the dorsal margin. Hialteres, stem pale, knob darker. Legs: coxe and trochanters light yellow; remainder of the legs brown, rather darker outwards.
Wings: subhyaline, stigma indistinct, brown. Venation (See fig. 4): Se rather long, extending to beyond the fork of Rs; cross-vein 7 at the tip of Ri; Rs short, less than M; or Mz in length; R:,: rather long, as long as Rs, gently arcuated; R: rather oblique, cross-vein r near its middle; deflection of Ri,s about as long as cross- vein r-m; petiole of cell M: moderately long, about three-fifths of cell Ms; basal deflection of Cu: beyond the middle of cell Ist M2. Cell R: very acute at its proxi- mal angle; cell Ist M: long and narrow.
Abdomen broken.
Holotype, @. Canada Lake, Fulton Co., N. Y.; June 20, 1911 (Alexander). Occurred in an extensive sphagnum bog, on vegetation growing underneath larch trees. (altitude 1550 feet)
Type in author's collection.
This species by its elongate antenne in thed’, is allied to poetica O.S. I thought that it was a small ¢@ of this species until I saw the types in Cambridge. Poetica is conspicuously larger, with quite different antennal structure. In Jlaricicola, the antennal segments are twisted, and the sutures between them indistinct, producing an appearance quite different from that which obtains in the male sex of poetica, tenuipes, niveitarsis, etc. Venationally, this new species differs from poetica in its longer Re,s, shorter petiole to cell M,, ete. Unfortunately my type, and only speci- men, was recently accidentally damaged.
Eriocera albihirta sp. nov.
Antenne short in the o’; cell M: present; body densely clothed with long white bairs. o Length, 15 mm.; wing, 15.6 mm.; antenna, 4.5 mm. Fore leg, fem. 8 mm.; tibia, 10 mm. Middle leg, fem. 9.2 mm.; tibia, 8.4 mm. Hind leg, fem. 12 mm.; tibia 12.6 mm.
168 Psyche [December
Head: rostum and palpi dark brown; antenne, first segment large, cylindrical, brown; remainder of antennz black with black hairs. Front wide, the frontal tubercle not prominent; front, vertex and occiput, medium brown densely clothed with long pale hairs; a spot on the front just behind the base of the antennz, paler, golden-yellow.
Thorax: mesonotal prescutum dark dull black without apparent stripes (though these may have been destroyed by some means or another), the entire sclerite densely clothed with elongated white hairs, very conspicuous; those on the dorsum darker and shorter, those on the lateral margin of the sclerite exceedingly conspicu- ous; scutum dull black; scutellum dark brown, also with numerous pale hairs; post-notum black. Pleur light grey with dense white hairs; the light color of the pleurz renders it probable that the dorsum is grey with darker stripes, in living material. Halteres, stem light brown, knob darker brown. Legs: coxze brown, with a grey bloom; trochanter brown; fore femora, basal half brownish-yellow; apical half dark brown, uniform throughout; tibia and tarsi dark brown; middle leg, femora with rather more than the basal half light-colored; hind leg, femora with only the extreme base yellowish.
Wings: subhyaline or light brown, more brownish near the veins; cells C and Se brownish-yellow; stigma small, oval; veins brown. Venation: (See fig. 6); Se extending beyond the fork of Rz;3; R long, cross-vein r about one-half as long as that portion of Ri beyond it; r before the middle of R:; cell M: present. Vena- tion almost exactly like the eastern EF. brachycera O. S.
Abdomen: tergum uniform dark brown, the lateral margin pale yellowish, and provided with long pale hairs, these longest on the basal segments; hypopygium yellowish-orange; sternum more greyish.
Holotype: The labels read ‘22 California. No. 846. Coll. Hy. Edwards.’ Prob- ably from Marin Co.
Related to E. brachycera O. S. but darker and clothed with long pale hairs much longer than in brachycera. The basal segments of the antennze in brachycera are very light yellowish-red, not brown; the front of brachycera in the vicinity of the tubercle is uniformly pale; the thoracic dorsum may or may not be simi- larly colored in the two species (see statement, above, concerning the condition of the thorax in albihirta). In brachycera the legs are much lighter-colored with narrow blackish tips to all the femora; in albihirta the femoral tips are uniform brown and very broad.
Eriocera fultonensis sp. nov.
Antenne short in both sexes; cell M; absent; body coloration dark brown; prescutum four-striped; wings light brown; cross-vein r far before the fork of Re,s.
co’, Length, 9.6-10.2 mm.; wing, 9-10.4 mm.
9, Length, 11.2-11.5 mm.; wing, 10.5-11.5 mm.
1912] Alexander—New Nearctic Tipulidae (Diptera) 169
Head: palpi dark, blackish, rostrum much paler brown; antenna short in both sexes; scapal segments dark above, reddish-yellow underneath; flagellar segments black. Front, vertex and occiput black with a grey pruinosity, most distinct behind the eyes.
Thorax: mesonotal preescutum light yellowish-brown with a dark brown stripe on either side of the paler median vitta, these stripes broadest in front, narrower behind, ending just before the suture; a shorter, curved, lateral stripe on the lateral edge of the sclerite, beginning just behind the pseudo-suture, continuing to the transverse suture; scutum, scutellum and post-notum blackish, scantily grey pruinose; pleure unicolorous greyish-black. Halteres, base of stem, pale, yellow; remainder of stem, and the knob, dark brown.
Legs: cox light brown; trochanters and basal three-fourths of the femora, light brownish-yellow; apical fourth of the femora, brown; in the fore-legs, the apical half of the femur is brown; tibia light brown, the tip black; tarsi brown.
Wings: veins dark brown; membrane rather uniformly tinged with light brown; stigma small, delimited externally by the radial cross-vein; extreme tip of the wing rather darker. Venation (See fig. 7): cross-veinr near the tip of Ri, situated far before the fork of Rz,.s; Rzmuch shorter than R2,3; cell M: absent; basal deflec- tion of Cur slightly before the fork of M.
Abdomen shiny black, including the large hypopygium; in the 9, the valves of the ovipositor are likewise black.
Holotype, co, Sport Is; Sacandaga R; Fulton Co.; N. Y. June 28,1911. (Alex- ander, coll.) Allotype, 2, with the type. Paratypes, 5 co’, 5 9, with the type.
Types in author’s collection.
Nearest related to E. fuliginosa O. S. (East. U.S.), from which it is readily distinguished by the lack of a grey bloom on the thorax, the shiny jet black abdomen and genitalia, etc. In normal indi- viduals of fultonensis, cross-vein r is far before the fork of Ro+3 (See fig. 7). In rare instances, however, the cross-vein is much nearer to the fork though never quite at it. Specimens which I refer to fuliginosa, provisionally, show a venation similar to that des- eribed for the species (See fig. 8); the coloration is very dark, however, and comparison with the type may prove them to be novelties. E. fultonensis differs from E. gibbosa Doane! (Mich.) in the same venational peculiarity.
Eriocera cinerea sp. nov.
Cell M, absent; color of the thorax light grey; stripes on the mesothoracic priescutum indistinct; cross-vein r far beyond the fork of Rz,s. 9, Length, 11.4 mm.; wing, 11.2 mm.
9, Head: rostrum yellow; palpi yellowish-brown; antenne, segments one
1 Doane, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.; vol. 8; p. 193; pl. 8, fig. 10. (1900)
170 Psyche [December
and two, light orange-yellow beneath, light brown above; flagellar segments brown. Front and clypeus light orange-yellow; vertex and occiput light grey, more brown- ish medially, paler on the vertex behind the eyes, and on the genx.
Thorax: prothorax, scutum dark brown with a grey bloom and prominent pale hairs; scutellum dark brown medially, the ends conspicuously orange-yellow. Mesothorax yellowish-grey, the praeescutum with four very indistinct darker lines; the middle pair long, confluent or nearly so at their cephalic ends; lateral pair short, beginning behind the prominent rounded, black pseudo-suturalfovea; scutum and scutellum brown with a clear light grey bloom; post-notum dark brown. Pleure light grey; halteres, stem brownish-yellow, knob brown. Legs: cox and trochanters rich orange-yellow; femora light brownish-yellow, the extreme tip: darker, brown; tibize, extreme base brown, remainder yellowish-brown, insensibly darker apically; tarsi brown.
Wings sub-hyaline or very pale brown; costal and subcostal cells light yellow; stigma ill-defined, yellowish-brown; veins brown. Venation (See fig. 9) Se short, ending before the fork of Re:3; Res slightly longer than that portion of R: before cross-vein r; cross-vein r inserted near the tip of R: and far beyond the fork of R:;3; cell M: absent; cell 1st M: elongate.
Abdomen: tergum dark brown, the lateral margins of the sclerite broadly, the caudal margin narrowly, brownish-yellow; valves of the ovipositor brownish- orange; sternum greyish-brown.
Holotype. @, Boston, Massachusetts.
Type in author’s collection.
Related to fuliginosa O. S. but head and thorax conspicuously grey, not brown; abdomen not uniform brown; cross-vein r sit- uated far beyond the fork of Rei;, ete. The female of 2. wilsont O. S. (East U. S.), of which I have seen the types in Cambridge, is unknown. This new species cannot be that sex of wilsont because of its totally different body-color. E. longicornis Walker is quite a different species; its venation seems never to have been figured (The figure in Needham’s 23rd Rep’t of the N. Y. State Entomologist, is not longicornis, but spinosa.) so I include a drawing. (See fig. 10.)
Rhaphidolabis neomexicana sp. nov.
Cross-vein m of the wings absent; wings pearly-white with a distinct dark brown stigmal spot.
9, Length, 5.4 mm. wing, 7.6 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brownish-black, antenne black; head dark brown, sparsely grey pruinose. Thorax: mesonotal praescutum dark brown, very sparsely grey pruinose without distinct darker stripes, though rather deeper- colored medially; scutum, scutellum and post-notum dark brown with a faint grey
——
Alexander—New Nearctic Tipulide
Vou, XIX, Pirate 13
1912] Alexander—New Nearctie Tipulidae Diptera e alval
dust. Pleure dark brownish-black, grey-dusted. Halteres, stem pale, knob brown. Legs: cox brownish-yellow, more greyish anteriorly; trochanters brown- ish-yellow; femora and tibie uniform medium brown; tarsi gone.
Wings: hyaline or sub-pearly; a prominent elongate dark brown stigmal spot; veins brown, the longitudinal veins rather paler at the wing-root. Venation: (See fig. 5): Sc long extending béyond the fork of R2,3; R: long, cross-vein r very near its tip; Rs short, oblique; Re,s very short, only a little longer than cross-veins ror r-m; cross-vein r beyond the middle of R:; M: about as long as Rs; no cross- vein m; basal deflection of Cu: beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen: dark brown, the pleural sutures lighter brown; valves of the oviposi- tor light colored, brownish-yellow.
Holotype, 9, Beulah, New Mexico: June 29, 1902.
Type coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.
Most closely allied to R. tenuipes O. S. of the Eastern United States, but differs in its wing coloration, apparent lack of thoracic stripes, dark stigmal spot and venational details, 7. e., more oblique Rs, shorter and more divergent M, and Mp, ete.
R. debilis Will. appears to be a Tricyphona by its venation (Res fused and Ry and R; separate). It agrees most closely with T. vitripennis Doane.
The members of this tribe, Pedicini, require careful study at the hands of some competent student who has access to an abundance of Western material. The West appears to be the center of dis- tribution for the members of this group, which, in other parts of the continent, are represented only by a few species, or else, as in the tropics, quite lacking. I surmise that such a study, based on sufficient material, would show congenerousness of Plectromyia O. S. and Rhaphidolabis O. S., with Dieranota Zett.
Explanation of the Plate 13.
Wing of Limnobia argenteceps, sp. n. “ “ Elliptera astigmatica, sp. n. “ Trimicra pygmaea, sp. n. “ Limnophila laricicola, sp. n. “ Rhaphidolabis neomericana, sp. n. “ Eriocera albihirta, sp. n. <p SE: fultonensis, sp. n. Boa OSA Os fuliginosa O. S. (or related species) ee aga 0 cinerea, sp. n. Hat de longicornis Walker.
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1 Williston, Kans. Univ. Quart.; vol. 2; p. 62; Oct. 1893.
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NEW NEOTROPICAL TIPULINZ (TIPULIDA, DIPT.).
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.*
The following species are included in four collections that I have had for study, received from the following sources: The American Museum of Natural History, including the Williston collection, received through Mr. J. A. Grossbeck; the Cornell University Collections consisting of Mr. H. S. Parish’s extensive Brazilian material, through Dr. J. C. Bradley; the United States National Museum Collections, through Mr. Frederick Knab, and a small lot received from Staudinger-Bang-Haas and now in my cabinet. I wish to thank the above named gentlemen for the loan of this and other interesting crane-fly material.
The Tipulini, containing the great genera T7zpula and Pachyrhina, is, in any region, in a very chaotic condition. The genus Tipula with its hundreds of described species has become so unwieldly as to be almost unusable. In the Neotropical fauna there are described up to the date of this writing, 46 species of 77pula and 12 of Pachyrhina. Some of these, however, are undoubtedly synonomous (as moniliformis Roder and ornaticornis v. d. Wulp). The future student of the Tzpulini should make it a point of obligation to his fellow students to describe in detail, and figure if possible, the genitalia of the male and female. Mr. R. E. Snodgrass (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.; Vol. XXX, pp. 179-236) laid a firm foundation for the study of the male hypopygium, and American authors are using this charac- ter to some considerable extent. As an example of a splendid revision of a genus of this tribe, I will cite Mr. M. P. Riedel’s excellent paper on the Palearctic Pachyrhine.t
It is probable that hypopygial characters can never be made the main basis of subdivision into groups because of the great differences in closely-related species and the consequent ten- dency to separate forms that are closely allied. At present it seems as if Schummel’s old division of species into groups on wing-pattern is the best for main group characters. Never- theless, hypopygial characters are so constant and so extremely important that it would be impractical to ignore them.
*Entomological Laboratory, Cornell University. {Deutschen Entomol. Zeitschr.; Vol. for 1910, p. 409-437, 4 fig.
343
- ie
344 Annals Entomological Society of America _ [Vol. V,
I have before me male specimens of the following species which I expect to characterize more fully in the third part of my “Synopsis of the Neotropical Tipulide.”’
Pachyrhina nigrolutea Bellardi. -
Macromastix chilensis Philippi.
Tipula albifasciata Macquart.
Tipula craveri Bellardi.
Tipula edwardsi Bellardi.
Tipula microcephala v. d. Wulp (which seems to belong to Holorusia Lw.). This name is preoccupied by T. microcephala Big. (1858), and I rename the South American species, Tipula vanderwulpi n. n.
Tipula monilifera Loew.
Tipula moniliformis Roder.
Tipula subandina Philippi.
Tipula apterogyne Philippi.
Tipula rufostigmosa Macquart.
Tipula variinervis Bigot. (= picti-pennis Walker.)
Pachyrhina macrosterna, sp. n.
Thoracic stripes not complete, represented, when at all evident, only by spots at the margins of the preescutum; dorsal apical appendage of the @ genitalia prolonged, stylet-like.
o Length, 10.3—10.8 mm.; wing, 11.4—11.8 mm. Middle leg, femur, 8 mm.; tibia, 8.9 mm.
9 Length, 12.8 mm.; wing, 13.2 mm.
Fore leg, femur, 8.9 mm.; tibia, 10.7 mm.
Hind leg, femur, 9.3 mm.; tibia, 10.6 mm.
o&' Head: Anterior prolongation of the front brownish-yellow, clearer yellow beneath and on the sides; palpi brownish; antennz, basal segments orange-yellow; 3d segment brownish-yellow; remaining seg- ments dark brown basally, gradually fading into the yellowish-brown apical portion of the segment; terminal three or four segments uniform brown. Front, vertex and occiput yellow, more brownish in the middle of the vertex, very broadly shiny, this mark not clearly delimited but embracing most of the space between the eyes.
Thorax: Pronotum dull pale yellow; mesonotum, prescutum shiny, brownish-yellow, without clearly defined stripes; pleure dull with a pale yellowish bloom. Halteres, stem pale, knob brownish. Legs: coxz and trochanters yellow; femora brownish-yellow, the extreme tip dark brown; tibize yellowish-brown, extreme tip indis- tinctly darker; tarsi brown. Wings hyaline or nearly so, cells C and Sc yellow, stigma pale. Venation: Rs short, a little longer than Ro; petiole of cell M, long, as long as the basal deflection of Rus.
Abdomen: Tergum, segments shiny, segment 1 yellow, narrowly margined with brown behind; segment 2, yellow, brown on the caudal half, a large rounded brown spot on the lateral margin; segments 3 and 4 mostly brown, more yellow basally, with a gradually smaller brown spot on the lateral margin of each of the sclerites; segments 5 and 6, brighter, more yellowish; segment 7 dark, almost black, margined with pale; hypopygium orange-yellow; sternum, yellowish. Hypopygium: 7th tergite, short, shorter than the tergites immediately preceding; Sth
—=-— = sh
1912] New Neotropical Tipuline 345
tergite distinct, about as wide as the 7th, its caudal margin straight, its lateral corners evenly rounded; 7th sternite rather broad, broader then the sixth sternite; 8th sternite very large, longer than the three pre- ceding segments combined and projecting caudad beyond the remaining appendages; its ventral face is evenly rounded, broad at the base, narrowing apically, at its tip turned abruptly dorsad and ending in two blunt teeth, these teeth bifid with the caudal denticulum rather the longer. Above the origin of the Sth sternite arises the 9th sternite: broad basally, rapidly narrowed toward the tip into a chitinous, spoon- like appendage, convex on its outer face, concave on its inner. 9th tergite with the caudal margin rather deeply incised medially, the adjacent lobes brown, chitinized, and bent ventrad at the tip. Two distinct sets of apical appendages arising from the genital chamber, which may, or may not, be connected with one another nearer their bases; first, a pair of dorsal-lieing appendages which are bifid with the ventral tooth greatly prolonged, stylet-like (see Fig. k,). Beneath these are two large complex appendages (see Fig. k) which may be described as being three-branched, the ventral branch is strongly chitinized and expanded, six-toothed, of which the most dorsad is the largest; the dorso proximal branch (a) is flattened, its margin chitinized and somewhat reflexed, bearing a spine near its outer edge at the tip; the dorso-distal branch (b) is slender, more fleshy and bears scattered hairs at its apex. Between the ventral organs, just ventrad of the dorsal pair is a large, pale fleshy organ. 2
2 Antennze mostly yellowish excepting the apical segments which are brown. On the cephalic margin of the mesonotal preescutum is a dark brown spot on either side of the usual broad median stripe which is here not indicated; a large brown spot on the sides of the sclerite about at the anterior end of the usual lateral stripe. Ovipositior (see Fig. r) with the valves very short, blunt, evenly rounded on their lateral margin.
A paratype male shows the fore portion of a lateral stripe on the preescutum.
Holotype, @, Antigua, Guatemala. Sept., 1902 (Dr. G. Eisen).
Allotype, 2, with the type.
Paratype, o', Aguna, Guatemala. (Dr. G. Eisen). (Received at U.S. National Museum, Jan. 6, 1903).
Types in U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. (No. 15,072).
Paratype in author’s collection.
Pachyrhina macrosterna, and the following species, trinidad- ensis, are closest allied to circumscripta Lw, ferruginea Fabr. and elegantula Will., in the respect that the thoracic stripes are not jet-black. The other nine Neotropical species are all black-striped species. These two species form a distinct group, (macrosterna group), differing from the species named above in their petiolate cell M; and powerful hypopygium. The petiolate cell M, suggests collaris Say of the Northeastern United States, a very different insect.
346 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V,
Pachyrhina trinidadensis, sp. n.
Similar to macrosterna but antennz darker; three distinct brown thoracic stripes; dorsal apical appendage of the o genitalia chisel- shaped, sub-truncated at its apex.
o Length, 11 mm.; wing, 10.8 mm.; antennz, about 4.5 mm. @ Length, 12—13.2 mm.; wing, 12.2—12.8 mm.
Fore leg, femur, 7.7—7.8 mm.; tibia, 9.4—9.8 mm.
Middle leg, femur, 8.5 mm.; tibia, 8.8 mm.
Hind leg, femur, 9 mm.; tibia, 9.9 mm.
o& Head: Anterior prolongation of the front and the palpi brown. Antenne, two basal segments light orange-yellow; 3d segment, basal half brown, apical half yellow, remaining segments brown, extreme apice of each segment yellowish, this yellow color becoming obsolete on the outer segments. Front, vertex and occiput brown, the center of the vertex broadly shiny and brighter brown.
Thorax: Pronotum very pale yellowish-white, not shining; mesonotum shiny, preescutum light yellow with three dark brown uni- form stripes; the middle stripe is broadest on the anterior portion of the sclerite, rather narrower behind; the lateral stripes bent strongly ventrad at the pseudosuture (humeral pit or dorso-pleural suture of Osten Sacken); scutum yellowish with two dark brown spots on each lobe; scutellum lighter brown; post notum brownish-yellow, thinly pale pollinose; pleuree pale with a sparse greyish pollen. Halteres pale, gradually darkening to the brown knob. Legs: coxa and trochanters light clear yellow; femora brown, the tip narrowly dark brown; tibia and tarsi brownish. Wings: color and venation almost exactly as in macrosterna of Central America (see Fig. h.).
Abdomen: Tergum brownish, the lateral margins of the sclerites clearer yellow, not darker on segments 2 to 4; segment 7 with the basal half dark brown; remainder of tergum and the sternum, brown- ish-yellow. Hypopygium (see Fig. j); 7th and Sth tergites and 7th sternite as in macrosterna; Sth sternite with the caudal denticula (d) about equal to the cephalic one; 9th sternite (9s) viewed from the side with an obtuse notch on the ventral face. Apical appendages: The dorsal-lying appendage (c) projects straight backward, enlarged at the apex, chisel-shaped, the outer angles equal, the caudal margin gently concave (see Fig. j2); the appendages lie in a vertical plane and side by side, separated from one another by a distance about equal to the width of one. The second, or ventral, appendage (see Fig. j,) the ventral branch of macrosterna is, apparently, lacking; the dorso-proximal branch is chitinized and bears a sharp spine on the caudal margin, this spine being bent outward (a); on the sides of the appendage is a large prominent spine which projects ventrad and outward (x) toward the appendage of the 9th sternite which it almost touches; at its base, a small hair-bearing projection; the margin of the appendage below the large spine curves distad, is chitinized on the extreme edge and bears long hairs; I cannot perceive any structure corresponding to the dorso- distal branch of macrosterna; a large pale organ lying between these ventral appendages and just beneath the paired dorsal appendages.
1912] New Neotropical Tipuline 347
2 Quite similar to the o’, the shiny spot on the vertex brown; the median prescutal stripe very broad, in front almost touching the anterior end of the lateral stripe; a brown spot on the mesopleurz about midway between the coxa and the pseudo suture; ovipositor about as in macrosterna; upper valves tipped with black; lower valves, viewed from the side, broad at the base, the ventral margin concave, obtuse at the tip; viewed from beneath, flattened, bearing scanty long hairs on the outer face, the tips touching.
Holotype, &, Port of Spain, Trinidad, Sept. 25, 1901, (H. Carciniola).
Allotype, 2, with the type.
Paratype 1, 9, with the type.
Paratype 2, 2, Trinidad, West Indies, (Aug. Busck).
Types in U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. (No. 15,073) except para- type No. 2, in author’s collection.
Tipula armatipennis, sp. n.
Color light yellow; wing unmarked; a distinct spur on the costa near the stigma in the o”.
o& Length, about 13.5 mm.; wing, 14.4 mm.; antenne, about 6 mm. 2 Length, about 15.5 mm.; wing, 14.8 mm.
o Head: Anterior prolongation of the front yellowish-brown; mouth-parts similar. Palpi light yellow, more brown apically, the last segment about as long as the basal three combined. Antenne, scapal segments yellow, the first cylindrical, the second very short, broader than long, with a thick brush of stout black hairs on its inner face; flagellum, segments (except the first) more or less enlarged at the base and slightly constricted in the middle, the swollen base with a few long black hairs, the segment densely clothed with a pale pubescence; seg- ments 3—4, yellowish, except at the black knot, this color passing into a uniform dark brown on the apical segments. Front, vertex and occiput pale brownish-yellow with a sparse greyish bloom.
Thorax: Pronotum light yellow; mesonotum, preescutum, light yellow without distinct stripes; scutum orange with indistinct darker spots; scutellum depressed on the sides, swollen medially, brownish- yellow; post-notum dull yellow. Pleurz yellow, with a sparse greyish bloom. Halteres uniform yellow, knob brownish. Legs broken. Wings: subhyaline; stigma large, oval, brown; cells C and Sc tinged with yel- low; the apices of cells Rz and R; tinged with brown; veins brown. On the costal margin of the wing, above the middle of the stigma, is a distinct spine or spur. Venation (see Fig. g); Sc long ending at the base of the stigma; Rs short, less than twice as long as the deflection of Ryis; Roz short, forming the caudal margin of the stigma; R» short, subperpendicular, basally forming the distal side of the stigma; cell Ist Mz small, pentagonal.
348 Annals Entomological Society of America __[Vol. V,
Abdomen: Tergum, segment one dark brown, indistinctly black medially; remaining segments reddish-brown, darker basally. Hypo- pygium swollen. Sternum brownish-yellow; 7th segment black both on the sternite and pleurite. Hypopygium: (see Fig. 0); 7th sternite, caudal margin almost straight; lateral margin impressed, wavy; 7th tergite, caudal margin straight; Sth sternite, (Ss), broad at the base, narrowed apically, running caudad slightly beyond the remaining appendages; the base is shiny, the tip short-cylindrical, dull, opaque; the tip bent strongly dorsad and deeply notched at its base; the dorsal surface of the eighth sternite is deeply concave, hollowed-out; at the notch, on the dorsal margin, is a small flattened lobe (c), directed upward, its caudal margin narrowly chitinized, the tip densely fringed with long pale hairs. Sth tergite very narrow (St.) represented only by a narrow strip, concave on its caudal margin and consequently even more reduced on the middle line. 9th sternite (9s) broad basally, the dorsal margin with a broad, obtuse notch; a blunt tooth on its caudal margin, ventrally the margin is rolled inward, forming a broad, obtuse notch on the margin; the inward-projecting arm is chitinized, its inner margin thinned and bearing a dense fringe of long pale hairs which overlap those of the opposite side and form a dense mat under the apical appendage and over the Sth sternite. 9th tergite (9t) moderate, medially with a deep notch on the caudal margin; the adjacent lobes being sharply pointed, bent ventrad at their tips, sub-chitinized and with hairs and minute denticule along the inner face; the latero-caudal margin of this sclerite is thinner and bears a fringe of sub-equal, pale hairs. The apical appendage (a) is dorsal, flattened, bearing two teeth, the most dorsal and innermost project inward, very sharp, slender, chitinized, almost touching its fellow on the middle line; the ventral tooth (a) longer, directed more caudad; the outer margin of this appendage clothed with long hairs; below the apical appendage, a flattened median organ (b), its caudal margin vertical, evenly convex, narrowly chitinized, and fringed with fine hairs. Below the 9th tergite and between its arms, in the specimen at hand, the penis (p.) projects; it is extremely elongated and if straightened would be considerably longer than one-half of the abdomen.
2 Like the @ but the antennz short, the flagellar segments cylindri- cal, subequal, not swollen basally, basal half of each segment brown, apex yellow. Wing without a spur, but venation as in the o’. Ovipositor: (v, v1) Sth tergite, concave on the caudal margin; 9th tergite very nar- row and not as wide as the rest of the abdomen, its caudal margin con- cave. Base of the ovipositor short, almost as broad as long, the valves short, their tips chitinized and sub-spatulate, viewed from the side (v,), the valve is wider than its base narrowed near the tip, the tip again expanded; lower valve shorter than the upper, directed caudad and up- ward, the valves extremely high, blunt at the apex. The 9th sternite is very long.
Holotype, &@, Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil (H. H. Smith, coll.)
1912] New Neotropical Tipuline 349
Allotype. 2, with the type.
Types in Am. Mus. of Nat. Hist., New York.
I know of no species of Tipula that even approaches this remarkable fly. No form in the American fauna has a spur on the wing.
Tipula guato, sp. n. Color light yellow; flagellum of antennz bi-colored; wing subhyaline.
o Length, about 12 mm.; wing, 11.5 mm. Fore leg, femur, 7.6 mm.; tibia, 9 mm.
Head: Anterior prolongation of the front rather short; nasus not distinct, but with a long brush of hairs in its normal position; dull yellow, brightest on the sides. Palpi, light yellow, short. Antenne, basal segments yellow, second segment with a brush of hairs on the inner face; flagellum, segments swollen on the ends, narrowed medially; the basal knot blackish, and with a few prominent hairs; the entire segment clothed with dense pale hairs; basal segments of flagellum with apices yellow, this color gradually passing into the dark brown of the terminal segments. Front, vertex and occiput dull brownish-yellow.
Thorax: Mesonotum, prescutum dull yellow without apparent stripes; scutum, scutellum and post-notum similar but more or less suffused with brown. Pleurze dull yellow, sparsely greyish pollinose. Halteres, stem yellow, knob brown. Legs: coxa and trochanters light yellow gradually passing into the brown of the tarsi (only fore legs remain). Wings: Subhyaline; stigma oval, pale brown; cell C and apices of cells R. and R; tinged with yellow; veins brown, Sc more yellowish. Venation: (see Fig. e); Sc long ending far beyond Rs; Rs short, about as long as Mi4. between cross-veins r-m and m; Ro43 in a line with Rs; R» oblique; cell Ist Me rather elongated; petiole of cell M, short; cross-vein m-cu distinct.
Abdomen: Tergum light brown, almost uniform; 7th and 8th black; hypopygium yellow; sternites light brown; 7th and base of Sth black. Hypopygium: (see Fig. p); 7th sternite broad, its caudal margin almost straight; 7th tergite almost convex; Sth sternite (Ss) broad at the base with a very obtuse tooth on its dorsal margin; produced behind into a blunt point which is broadly and obtusely notched at the tip; Sth tergite (St.) moderately broad, about one-third as wide as the 7th, rather widened at the ends, but the caudal margin almost straight; 9th sternite (9s) subquadrate, large, its dorsal margin straight; its caudal margin truncated; ventral margin with an obtuse ventral- projecting tooth; the inner margin is bent inward and has a dorsally- directed tooth; this inward projection of the 9th sternite fills a consid- erable portion of the genital chamber between the 9th sternites and just dorsad of the Sth sternite. Along the median line it is deeply notched, and the whole external face is densely covered with delicate, silvery- white, appressed hairs. 9th tergite (9t.) rather short with an obtuse median notch, the adjacent teeth broad, obtuse, projecting downward, densely covered with short, stout hairs, the extreme base of each tooth,
350 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V,
on either side of the median notch, produced ventrad into a small spine. The apical appendage is dorsal; the caudal margin is rather straight, the outer upper angle produced dorsad into a chitinized tooth which is slightly bifid at its apex, the chitin continuing down the anterior side of the appendage in a narrow line; the inner margin of the appendage straight, with scanty long hairs which cross over the median space and meet those of the other side. Between the chitinized teeth, on the median line, is a pale, horse-shoe shaped organ which probably surrounds the penis which is not exserted in my single specimen.
Holotype, o&, Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil (H. H. Smith, coll.)
Type in Am. Mus. of Nat. Hist., New York.
The specific name is derived from a native tribe. ‘‘The central parts of Matto Grosso at the foot of the plateaux are occupied by the Guatos, some of whom are still in the wild state:’’ Reclus, Universal Geography, Vol. XIX, p. 258. The latest and best account of this tribe is by Dr. Max Schmidt, “Reisen in Matto Grosso in Jahre 1910.’’*
Tipula smithi, sp. n. Light brownish-yellow; costal margin of wings brown. Q Length, about 13 mm.; wing, 12.8 mm.
Head: Anterior prolongation of the front, short, light greyish- brown; palpi light brown. Antenne, first eight segments clear light yellow, the apical segments gradually suffused with brownish. Front, vertex and occiput greyish-brown. Thorax: Mesonotum, prascutum light brown without apparent stripes; scutum similarly brown; scutel- lum and post-notum light yellow. Pleure yellow with a pearly-grey bloom. Halteres light brown. Legs: coxe yellowish with a grey bloom; trochanter light yellow; rest of legs gone. Wings: Nearly hyaline; stigma rounded, dark brown; the costal margin suffused with brown, the brown pattern including cells C, Se, the cephalic half of R (where it becomes paler, more yellowish); basal third of cell Ist Ri; all of cell 2d Rj; cell Re; cell Rs, except a hyaline spot in the proximal end and another over the middle of vein Ryi;; brown clouds at origin and tip of cell R;; along basal deflection of Cu; along cross-vein m; at fork of My42, and at the ends of the longitudinal veins. Venation: (see Fig. f); cross-vein r about as long as that portion of Re below it; Rs; short, about twice as long as Re; basal deflection of Ry,; long, almost oblit- erating cross-vein r-m; petiole of cell M, almost as long as that cell; fusion of M; and Cu, extensive, not quite as long as cross-vein m.
Abdomen: Tergites brownish-yellow; sternites clearer yellow; sec- ond segment very long, as long as 3 and 4 combined; 9th tergite with caudal margins concave (see Figs. w, w;), the caudo-lateral angles
*Zeitschrift fur ethnologie; vol. 44, pt. 1; p. 130-174; especially, p. 131-137; (1912).
1912] New Neotropical Tipuline 351
produced into short obtuse points; valves of the ovipositor very short» divergent, the basal piece longer than the tips; lower valves (see Fig: wi, /); very short, broad at the base, truncated at the tip.
Holotype, 2, Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type in Am. Mus. of Nat. History. This handsome species is named in honor of the pioneer collector, Mr. Herbert H. Smith. Tipula inca, sp. n. Grey; wings indistinctly spotted; legs short, stout. o Length, 11.5 mm.; wing, 13.4 mm.; antennae, about 8.5 mm.
Fore leg, 21 mm.; middle leg, fem. 6.8 mm.; tibia, 5.6 mm.; tarsus, 6.5 mm.; hind leg, fem. 7.8 mm.; tibia, 8.3 mm.; tarsus, 7.9 mm.
Head: Anterior prolongation of the front white, very pale, with numerous brown hairs on the distal half above; nasus not prominent; palpi brown, first segment light brown, shorter than the second, slender; second, paler brown basally, greatly thickened distally; 3d segment again slender except at the base; 4th very irregular, brown, except at the extreme base where it is yellowish; mouth parts dark brown. Anten- ne, Ist segment short, much thickened distally; 2nd short; 3d one and one-half the length of the 1st; remainder very flexible, elongated, at the basis armed with four or five strong, black hairs, the whole surface covered with a fine pubescence. Basal segment light yellow, somewhat darker at tip; 2d brownish-yellow; 3d silvery greyish-brown; remainder light brown. Front pale silvery-white; vertex and occiput grey with a dark brown median line beginning between the antenne, running caudad. Head closely applied to the prothorax.
Thorax: Pronotum silvery-grey, medially with a broad brown stripe. Mesonotum, grey with a very narrow dark brown median line, broadest before, gradually narrowing toward the suture, lateral mar- gins of prascutum dark brown except extreme edge; between this brown and the median stripe, an indistinct pale brown stripe on the caudal half, ending at the suture; scutum, grey medially, yellowish on the sides; scutellum grey, a large flattened brown area on the sides above the wing-roots; post-notum grey, brownish medially and on the sides. Pleurse and sterna silvery-whitish, tinged with grey. Halteres long, yellowish. Legs short, stout, femora somewhat incrassated at tip, pale yellowish-brown, tip rather darker; tibia and tarsi brown. #4
Wings: Hyaline, cells C and Sc tinged with yellow; stigmal area pale greyish; a vague grey suffusion around cross-vein m and on outer deflection of M3; caudal third of cell M along vein Cu, grey, this also continuing onto Cu, and Cuz as a very narrow seam; cells of wing in vicinity of anterior (cephalic) half of the cord, greyish; two pale clouds in base of cell Cu; margin of anal angle grey. Venation as in Bigz ic:
Abdomen: Pale brownish-yellow; middle of Ist tergite brown, which color continues back over the succeeding three segments as a narrow line; sternites brownish-yellow, the sclerites at pleural margin
352 Annals Entomological Society of America _ [Vol. V,
deeply incurved, dusky, giving an indistinct lateral stripe. Hypo- pygium: (Fig. 1); 8th tergite, (St), moderately long, its caudal margin almost straight, its caudal margin very feebly concave medially; 8th sternite, (Ss) short and high, only about two-thirds as long as the 7th sternite, but very high at its base; viewed from the side, triangular, its tip turned dorsad and clothed with long hairs; 9th tergite (9t) broad, viewed from above, much broader than the Sth tergite, swollen basally, the caudal margin broadly concave, in the middle, feebly convex and here with a minute square median notch (Fig. 1,); viewed from the side (1) the 9th tergite is truncated at its tip and broadly notched, its ventral-caudal margin gently concave; the suture separating the 9th tergite and sternite not complete. 9th sternite, viewed from the side (1, 9s), its dorsal margin about straight attached to the tergite on its cephalic or anterior portion; its caudal margin about straight; along its caudal face, an elongate body (y), convex outerly; its ventral margin applied to the caudal prolongation of the ventral face of the 9th sternite; at its dorsal end it is produced into a fleshy, feebly chitinized body (a), densely covered with pale hairs which are longest apically; viewed from the side, it is slender with a bump on the middle on its outer face. Proximad of this organ, in the notch of the ventral paired organ on the 9th sternite, is an elongate, slender organ (b) directed dorsad; its base is slightly enlarged, its stem very slender with long pale hairs on its inner face, these directed toward the median line; the tips of these organs are greatly produced on the proximal side, here sub-chitinous, the tip chitinized, black. In a position of rest, the inner edge of this organ is closely applied to its fellow at the median line; the caudal face of this broad expansion is provided with three or four transverse ridges and its ventral margin is fringed with long pale hairs; viewed from above this organ resembles Fig. 1; the outer tooth most chitinized, black; the inner, less chitinized except on its outer margin; recurved at the tip and directed cephalo-ventrad. Viewed from beneath, the 9th sternite has the caudal margin concave, a pair of elongate median organs directed caudad, these organs (c) slender, swollen at their tips, the tips closely applied, densely clothed with appressed, pale hairs.
Holotype, @, Callanga, Peru. (Rec’v’d from Staudinger- Bang-Haas).
Type in author’s collection.
The specific name is derived from the great Indian nation formerly inhabiting Peru.
Closest related, apparently, to glaphyroptera Phil.; sub- andina Phil., and apterogyne Phil., of Chile in the greyish color. I have before me specimens of all of the above, excepting glaphyroptera, which differs widely from inca in antennal and wing characters,
a
1912] New Neotropical Tipuline 353
Tipula aymara, sp. n. Orange; costal margin of the wings dark; cross-veins not seamed with brown; radial cells light brown... Length, o, 15 mm.; wing, 17 mm.; antennz, about 7.6 mm. Length, 9, 13.8 mm.; wing, 14.6 mm. Hind leg, o; fem. 10.4; tibia, 13.3; tarsus about 25.5 mm. Hind leg, 2 ; fem., 8; tibia, 9.6 mm.
o@ Head: Anterior prolongation of front short, light brown; palpi, segment one, shorter than two, brown; 3d about equal to 2d, dark brown at base; pale, yellowish, at tip; 4th, very long, lash-like, twice as long as the rest of the palpus together, yellow. Antenne, segments 1 to 3 orange-yellow; remainder brown, with a fine white pubescence; three or four bristles at the base of each segment and a single one near the middle. Front and vertex brownish-orange; occiput brown; the vertex very thickly beset with numerous long hairs; this including the whole region bounding the eyes, both above and beneath.
Thorax: Collare orange. Pronotum orange-yellow. Mesonotum, prescutum and scutum orange without distinct markings; scutellum and postnotum yellow. Pleurze and sternites clear yellowish-orange. Halteres yellow, knob darker. Legs: cox, trochanters and extreme base of femora light yellow; rest of femora, tibie and tarsi brown; all of the coxz thickly beset with long yellow hairs. Wings (see Fig. b) with a pale brownish-grey tinge; cells C, Sc, most of 2d R, light brown; the distal half of cell 1st Ri dark brown, forming the stigma; no brown seams on the cross-veins or deflections. Radial cells, indistinctly suf- fused with very light brown distally; cross-vein r-m slightly margined with brown.
Abdomen: Tergum, Ist segment, yellow; 2d brown; 3d, 4th, dark brown; 5th, 6th, lighter brown; 7th, Sth, black; the 1st to 5th tergites are very deep, so that viewed from the side, they conceal the sternites; the 6th sternite shows caudally, the 7th is one-third as high as the 7th tergite, the Sth sternite subequal to the Sth tergite. Sternum, seg- ments one to five, invisible, 6, orange, 7—9, black. Hypopygium (Fig. m). 7th sternite almost straight along the caudal margin; 7th tergite, broad, its caudal margin almost straight, very feebly concave. 8th sternite (from beneath), broad, the caudal margin with an obtuse median notch, the adjacent lobes broadly rounded and clothed with a dense brush of long yellow hairs; (from the side) (8s) with the dorsal margin gently sloping; the tip truncated. Sth tergite, (St) reduced to a mere strip, its caudal margin rather strongly concave so that the median portion is scarcely visible. 9th sternite (9s) appearing as the half of an oval, the outer face sub-shiny, convex, a small group of long hairs on its dorsal angle; the dorsal margin strongly bent entad, the proximal margin straight, almost in a line with the notch on the Sth sternite, the two together making a very deep V-shaped niche; the proximal-ventral side is strongly produced into a rectangular arm, projecting entad, its tip strongly truncated, almost touching its fellow of the opposite side. Looking into the end of the genital chamber (see Fig. m;) there appears
354 Annals Entomological Society of America __[Vol. V,
to be an appendage to the 9th sternite, a semi-lunar, feebly-chitinized piece (z) flattened and the tip slightly expanded, bearing a fringe of long pale hairs on its proximal margin, these projecting inward; at the tip, the hairs become very stout, bristle-like, black, and the organ ends in two or three chitinized teeth which are directed dorsad and slightly outward; underneath the tip of this appendage is a rounded, chitinized organ (b) produced caudad into a long spine; it is black, very conspic- uous, occupying the niche between the 9th sternite and tergite, its rounded face directed outward through the niche. 9th tergite (St), rectangular, its sides square, its caudal angles almost right; on the caudal margin, a broad median lobe, very obtuse and enlarged at the apex, black and very densely clothed with short hairs; the very con- spicuous lobe is concave at its tip, projects caudad, the tip very slightly ventrad. Apical appendages, from the genital chamber: dorsal lying, on either side of the median line, an elongate-triangular organ (w) broad at the base, directed dorsad and slightly caudad, the tips touch- ing, the cephalic margin densely clothed with pale hairs; the opening between them (looking into the genital chamber) is elongate-oval and in it is a perforate membrane through which the penis is probably exserted. The ventral lying appendage (a) viewed from the side, roughly triangular, one angle directed caudad, another ventrad; caudal face gently concave; the whole organ densely clothed with long pale hairs, longest on the dorsal margin; viewed from above, it is seen that the dorsal edge is thickened, narrowing to the sharp ventral margin (Fig. m, a).
9 Similar to the o’, but antennze much shorter, segments 1—5, yellow; abdomen, segments 1—2 yellow with lateral margin of tergum black; segments 2—6, black, yellowish in the middle of the lateral margin of tergites; 7—S8 black; 9 yellow. Sternites 4—6 distended with eggs; shoved out of the tergal covering, black with a yellow wash. Genitalia: 9th tergite about as long as the Sth, its caudal margin broadly impressed medially; appendage to the 9th tergite broad basally, sub-shining, ending in a blunt lobe, its tip rounded, deeply notched, the lobes fringed on the inner edge with short pale hairs. From beneath, the 9th sternite is very long, its caudal margin deeply notched, the valves projecting from the middle of this notch, the lateral margins lobed and bent inward; 9th sternite very long. (See Figs. s, s:).
Holotype, #, San Antonio, Bolivia (Recv’d from Staudinger- Bang-Haas).
Allotype, 2, with the type.
Types in author’s collection.
The specific name is that of a native tribe. “‘The Aymaras, who constitute the chief ethnical element of the Bolivian nation, are in almost exclusive possession of the plateau regions and their domain also encroaches northward on Peruvian territory. The true center of the race lies in the islands, head- lands and shores of Lake Titicaca.’’ Reclus, Universal Geogra- phy, Vol. XVIII, p. 368.
1912] New Neotropical Tipuline 355
This species and the next, parishi, are members of the longitarsis Mcq’t group, possessing elongated antennz in the #; costal margin of wings darkened, with the remainder of the wings subhyaline, no white longitudinal stripe in under R, (oleracea group, as virgo O. S., virgulata Will.); 2 ovipositor with remarkably shortened valves; color of the species yellow or orange with one or more subterminal abdominal segments black. Here belongs longitarsis Macquart, tabida End. (Peru) and appendens End. (which is certainly not a Macromastix as its describer believed) from Ecuador, as well as the two new species. J. aymara differs from appendens in being much larger; veins not seamed with brownish and distal ends of the radial cells uniformly suffused with darker. From fabida, it differs in wing coloration; not only the penultimate abdominal segment is black, but the antepenultimate as -well (and most of the remaining tergites in the 9). T. longitarsis has a large quadrangular brown spot in cell M, near the cubital vein.
Tipula parishi, sp. n.
Small; orange; costal margin of wings dark; veins in distal portion of the wing seamed with brown.
¢@ Length, 11.9 mm.; wing, 11.8 mm.; antenne, about § mm. Middle leg, femur, 8.6 mm.; tibia, 8.8 mm.; tarsus, about 23 mm.
Head: Anterior prolongation of the front brown; palpi brown. Antenne, two basal segments yellow; 3d dull yellow; remainder, base black, tip dull yellow; on the 6th and following segments the yellow color is very much reduced. Antennal segments covered with a dense pale pubescence and a few long black hairs; the segments are all elongate- cylindrical, the base only a trifle more enlarged than the stem. Front, vertex and occiput dull brown; eyes metallic.
Thorax: Dull brownish-yellow without distinct preescutal stripes; the scutum, scutellum and postnotum even darker brown. Pleurze yellowish-brown, lighter ventrally, passing into the clear light yellow of the coxze. Halteres brown, stem a little paler. Legs: coxee, trochanters and femora yellow, the femora gradually becoming brownish-yellow apically; tibie and tarsi brown. Wings: Subhyaline, cells C, Sc, extreme cephalic margin of R, base and tip of Ist Ri, 2d Ri and tips of Rs, R; and R; brown, the stigmal area rather the darker. Brown seams along the cord, including a large seam on the basal deflection of Cur near the fork of Cu; cross-vein m seamed with brown. Venation: Rs short, arcuated, about as long as the basal deflection of Cui; Re+s short, less than Rs, about equal to Re; cross-vein r-m not reduced, about one-half as long as the deflection of Ry;5; fusion of Cu; and M; about as long as 7-m.
356 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V,
Abdomen: Tergum, segments 1—3, yellow, the lateral margins of the sclerites broadly brown; on the 4th and succeedings tergites, the brown lateral margins of the sclerites are paler but suffuse the whole segment; 7th and Sth sclerites black; 9th yellow. Sternites, 7th black, 8th black basally; remainder of sternum yellow. Hypopygium: (see Fig. n). 7th sternite and tergite about as in aymara; Sth sternite rather short, its length scarcely more than the 7th, its caudal margin quite straight, as in the 7th. Sth tergite, broad on the sides, the caudal margin quite deeply concave, reducing the median portion very con- siderably. 9th sternite (see Fig. n, 9s); cylindrical, rather elongated; viewed from beneath (n;) the whole caudal margin is squarely notched, this notch toothed and notched again. Viewed from the side, the dorsal margin is straight basally, then straight apically, the angle being about 150°; near its tip, produced into a complex appendage (Fig. n, 2) its cephalic arm conspicuously chitinized, black, its caudal margin conspic- uously fringed with hair. 9th tergite (see n, 9t); caudal angles evenly rounded; caudal margin gently concave with a distinct blunt median tooth, which, on the ventral surface of the sclerite, is seen to be bent ventrad and continued cephalad, as an oval organ densely covered with minute chitinized teeth on the ventral surface, these denticules more numerous on the margins. Apical appendages; dorsal-lying, viewed laterally, (a), elongate, slender, projecting straight backward, the tips expanded, rounded; viewed from above, it is seen that this organ is median, but deeply bifid at its tip (m2), giving the appearance of being a paired organ; the tips are divergent, enlarged apically into a rounded knob. Ventral-lying appendage, viewed laterally (b) subequal to the dorsal appendages in length, project caudad and slightly dorsad, the tips acutely pointed; from above, this organ is broad, slightly notched at the tip, and its dorsal surface appears to be concave.
Holotype, «&, Igarapé-asst, Para, Brazil, Jan. 26, 1912, (H. S. Parish, coll.)
Type in Cornell University Collections.
I take pleasure in dedicating this interesting species to the well-known South American traveller and collector, Mr. H. S. Parish.
This little species is allied to appendens End. but differs considerably in coloration; the basal deflection of Cu, is dis- tinctly seamed with brown. This insect bears a certain resem- blance to aymara but is strikingly distinct in wing coloration and hypopygial characters. The flagellar segments in aymara are distinctly enlarged at the base; in parishi not at all swollen basally, the segments being uniformly cylindrical.
1912] New Neotropical Tipuline 357
Tipula atacama, sp. n. Small; yellow and brown; wings reddish-brown with hyaline spots; femora dark with a light subapical ring. @ Length, about 12 mm.; wing, 14.2 mm. Fore leg, femur, 6.8 mm.; tibia, 7.6 mm.; tarsus, about 12.5 mm.
Head: Anterior prolongation of the front and palpi light yellowish- brown, the latter darker toward the tip. Antenna, segments 1—3, orange-yellow, remainder black. Front with a distinct protuberance just behind the antennz; front, vertex and occiput pale yellow.
Thorax: Pronotum light yellow, a brown transverse mark in front; a semi-lunar brown spot on either side behind. Mesonotum, prascutum dark brown behind, a broad dark liver-brown median stripe of this color beginning near the cephalic margin of the sclerite, broadest in front, narrowing behind, reaching the suture; the caudal half of the sclerite is thinly grey pruinose; cephalic half, on either side and in front, of the median stripe, bright orange; scutum dark brown, thickly grey pollinose; scutellum and postnotum dull yellow, brown on the sides. Pleure, brown, more yellowish ventrally; sternum yellow. Halteres yellow, knob slightly darker. Legs (fore only remain): coxze and trochanter yellow; femur, light yellowish-brown, a dark brownish- black ring at the tip with a light yellow subapical ring; tibia and tarsus brown. Wings: suffused with pale reddish-brown, adorned with hyaline spots arranged about as follows: (1) the clearest fill most of cell Ist M2 and extends down into the base of cell M3, the outer deflection of M3 being whitened; (2) in cell 1R; above the fork of Rs; (8) In cell C above the tip of Sc. Less clear spots are in the center of cell R and, nearer the tip; a double spot near base of cells R3 and R;; one at base of M and cu; pale centers to cells M, Cu and Ist A. Venation as in Fig. d.
Abdomen: Tergum, light yellow, segments 3—S slightly darker brown caudad; extreme ventral margin of tergites* dark brownish- black. Sth tergite narrow, especially medially, due to the concave caudal margin. 9th tergite (see Fig. u) narrow, moderately long; base of the ovipositor cylindrical; the valves (u) broad at the base, rapidly narrowing to the slender, sub-spatulate tips. 9th sternite broad basally, conical, the valves (e) flattened, blade like, shorter than the upper valves.
Holotype, 2, San Antonio, Bolivia, (Received from Staud- inger-Bang-Haas).
Type in author’s collection.
The specific name is that of a native tribe of Indians dwell- ing west of the Andes and south of the region inhabited by
the Aymaras.
It may be allied to decorata Phil. and frauenfeldi Schin. (Chilian species) in the tuberculate front, but is little related in other respects. In wing-coloration, alacama shows some resemblance to flavipennis Phil. (Chile) but is only about half as large and shows conspicuous colorational differences.
358 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V,
Tipula maya, sp. n. Large; thorax brownish-yellow, striped; wings brown; cross-vein r before the fork of Ro,3. Q Length, 28 mm.; wing, 27.6 mm. Fore leg, femur, 14 mm.; tibia, 16.8 mm. Middle leg, femur, 15.9 mm.; tibia, 15.4 mm. Hind leg, femur, 16.2 mm.; tibia, 18.7 mm.; tarsus, seg. 1, 18 mm.; seg. 2, 4 mm.; seg. 3—5, 3.5 mm.
Head: Anterior prolongation of the front, and the palpi, dark brownish-black. Antenne, basal segments brown, flagellum broken. Front, vertex and occiput dark brown, occiput paler.
Thorax: Pronotum dull yellow, the scutum and caudal margin of the scutellum brown. Mesonotum, prascutum dull brownish-yellow, brighter, yellow, along the lateral margin of the sclerite; extreme cephalic margin of the sclerite dark brown, continued backward as a narrow median stripe broadening out in the middle but soon becoming faint and almost obsolete; the lateral stripe begins at the front angle, continues caudad; at about one-third the length of the sclerite it forks, the inner branch continuing directly caudad in a line with the main stem and running to the transverse suture; it is palest medially, the edges brown. The outer branch bends toward the edge of the sclerite and continues back to the side of the scutum; scutum brown, dark brown on the sides and on the caudal margin; scutellum dark brown medially, the sides light brown, a narrow yellow stripe on the cephalic margin; post- notum dark brown with a pale narrow, median vitta. Pleure very pale brown except the dorsal edge which is yellow; a dark brown band extends from the cervical sclerites across the dorsal portions of the pleurz, under the root of the wing, fusing with the dark brown of the postnotum. Halteres dark brown. Legs: cox and trochanters light yellow; femora light yellowish brown, tip broadly and abruptly dark brown; tibia light brown, the tip indistinctly darker; tarsi light brown, the tips o the individual segments dark brown. Wings: Uniformly suffused with brown; cells C and Sc more yellowish-brown; stigma brown; cell 2nd Ry, Re and tip of Rs darker brown; a brown seam on most of the veins and a brown cloud in cell M at about four-fifths the length of Cu. Venation. (see Fig. a); Rs long, gently arcuated, twice as long as Re;3 before r; about as long as the basal deflection of Cu; Ro;3 straight, Re about two-thirds as long as Ro,3. The radial cross-vein connects R, with Re:3 before its fork, this distance on Roi; between r and the fork about equal to the cross-vein r-m. Basal deflection of R45 a trifle longer than r-m; cross-vein m about twice as long as r-m; cell Ist Mz about pentagonal, its inner face (segment one, Mj,2) about as long as the cephalic face (segment two, Mj42); cross-vein m-cu oblit- erated by fusion. Petiole of cell M, about as long as this cell. Cus about as long as the deflection of Cu.
Abdomen: Tergum, segment 1, yellowish on basal half, dark brown on caudal half and on the sides; segment 2 deep reddish-brown with an indistinct dark brown median stripe and lateral margins; in the
1912] New Neotropical Tipuline 359
middle an interrupted narrow grey transverse stripe; segments 3—7 similar, but the transverse grey impression is close to the base of the sclerite; segment 8 narrow, its caudal margin with an obtuse median tooth and an obtuse notch on either side (see Fig. t); 9th dark brown; sternites yellow, on segments 4—6 darker, brownish. Upper valves of the ovipositor (u) very slender, the tip not enlarged; 9th sternum long, its caudal margin deeply notched; valves short, acicular (1).
Holotype, 2, Aguna, Guatemala, Cent. Am. (alt. 1030 ft.) Aug. 6, 1902, (Dr. G. Eisen, coll.)
Type in U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. (No. 15,075).
The specific name is derived from an ancient tribe of Indians. dwelling in Yucatan and the adjoining parts of Guatemala, famous for their high degree of culture and the wonderful structures that they built.
In the size and wing-coloration, this species suggests certain members of the obligue-fasciata group, (oblique-fasciata Mcqt.; cravert Bell.), but differs notably in venational- and leg-charac- ters. In general color it resembles the next species, fumtpennis, of Peru.
The venation is very like Holorusia Loew, and it is quite possible that maya may prove to belong to this genus. It is much smaller than rubiginosa Loew, which has the wings more uniform, dorsal thoracic stripes not clear, petiole of cell M, short, etc.
Tipula fumipennis, sp. n. Large; thorax dark brown; wings brown; tarsi very long. @ Length, about 19 mm.; wing, 23 mm. Fore leg, femur, 13.6 mm.; tibia, 14.5 mm.; tarsus, about 35 mm. Hind leg, femur, 13 mm.; tibia, 15.8 mm.; tarsus, about 39 mm.
Head: Anterior prolongation of the front rich reddish-brown; palpi dark brown. Antennz basal segments reddish; flagellum broken. Front reddish; vertex rich reddish-brown, pale, almost white medially, this pale color including the occiput.
Thorax: Pronotum rich brownish-yellow with two parallel dark brown marks on either side of the median line. Mesonotum, preescutum dark chocolate brown without distinct stripes; scutum and scutellum gradually paler brown, the postnotum yellowish with a very narrow, indistinct median brown line. Pleurze, propleurae and cephalic portions of the mesopleure dark brown, except a very broad, conspicuous, yel- low band running across the dorsal portions of the pleuree from the pronotal scutellum back to under the wing-basis; remainder of pleurze yellow. Halteres brown, extreme base of stem yellowish. Legs: coxe, anterior and middle, dark brown, hind coxe lighter, yellowish-brown; femora, tibiz and tarsi brown. Wings: Infumed with brown; cells C and Sc brighter, yellowish; above the stigma grey; stigma and cell
360 Annals Entomological Society of America __[Vol. V,
2d R, dark brown; a brown cloud at the origin of Rs; veins broadly margined with the dark-ground color leaving the centers of the cells pale. Venation: Rs rather long, somewhat angulated basally; Rois about one-third longer than R»; cross-vein r connects Re far beyond the fork of Re;3; deflection of Ry; and r-m about subequal; sides of the elongate cell 1st M2 parallel, petiole of cell M; short, only about one- third as long as the cell; cross-vein m-cu indicated by a point. Cue one-half longer than the basal deflection of Cu.
Abdomen: Tergum, brown, 2d segment deeply impressed in the center, except at the median line; lateral margins of the sclerites with a basal yellow triangle; sternites yellow, caudal margins darker, brownish. Ovipositor: Segment 9 short, the valves slender, but flattened blade- like; lower valves, short, very high, blade-like; nearly twice as high as the tergal valves.
Holotype, 2, Piches and Perene Vs., Peru, 2000-3000 feet, (Pres. by Soc. Geog. de Lima).
Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. (No. 15,074).
Microtipula, gen. n.
Antenne elongated in the @ and apparently 12-segmented, the flagellar segments very elongated, clothed with a long, pale pubescence; two or three bristles at the base of each segment and, usually, one near the middle. Anterior prolongation of the front short; nasus not dis- tinct. Wings: Se long extending beyond the origin of Rs to a distance about equal to Re,3; Rs long, gently arcuated, not quite as long as R3; cross-vein r at the fork. Re indicated only basally, its tip atrophied. Cross-vein r-m short, about as long as 7; cross-vein m long, a little less than the basal deflection of M142; cross-vein m-cu obliterated by the touching of Cu, and M;. Hypopygium complex, penis very long. Type, M. amazonica, sp. n.
This genus is proposed for a tiny species from Eastern Brazil, which, by its combination of characters, will not fit into any of the existing genera. In its venation (i. e. oblitera- tion of the terminal section of R.) the species suggests certain Dolichopezine genera. In my key to the Dolichopezini* it would not fit in either of the primary sections; in the Megis- tocera group because of its complex hypopygium or in the Dolichopeza group because of its 12-segmented antenne. It bears a slight resemblance to Megistomastix which has a very different hypopygium and 13-segmented antenne. I prefer to believe it to belong to the 7ipulini. In Skuse’s keyj to the Tipuline genera it would run down to Habromastix of Australia. However, this genus as well as all the 77pulini known to me,
*Psyche; Vol. 19, p. 64 (April, 1912).
{Dipt. Austral.; pt. 8; Tipul. longipalpi (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.; Vol. 5, (2d series). Feb. 26, 1890; p. 78-81.)
2
1912] New Neotropical Tipuline 361
has the terminal section of R:, more or less preserved.{ I prefer to believe that the species represents a new genus to which I have applied the above name from the small size of the included form.
Microtipula amazonica, sp. n.
Bluish grey; & antennz elongated, Q short; wings hyaline with brown markings.
o Length, 6.2 mm.; wing, 7.2 mm.; antennz, about 5.5 mm. Fore leg, femur, 4.4 mm.; tibia, 5.9 mm.; tarsus, 9.4 mm. Middle leg, femur, 4.5 mm.; tibia, 5.8 mm. @ Length, about 6.8 mm.; wing, 7.4 mm. Fore leg, femur, 4.9 mm.; tibia, 6 mm. Middle leg, femur, 5.2 mm.; tibia, 5.3 mm.; tarsus, about 9.4 mm. Hind leg, femur, 4.9 mm.; tibia, 5.4 mm.; tarsus, about 10 mm.
o'Head: Anterior prolongation of the front short, dark brown; palpi, lighter, yellowish-brown. Antennz, segments 1—2, yellowish- brown; segment 3. brown; remaining segments dark brownish-black, the segments elongated, not enlarged ‘basally, covered with a long pale pubescence; a few long dark basal bristles. Front brown; vertex and occiput clear bluish-grey.
Thorax: Cervical sclerites bluish-grey; pronotum clear light grey, unmarked. Mesonotum, prescutum greyish with a thick blue-grey bloom, especially thick on the sides and in front, leaving a cuneiform median mark, grey; scutum and scutellum grey; postnotum with a decided blue-grey bloom. Pleuree bluish-grey. Halteres brown, the knob dark brown. Legs: coxe yellow, greyish pruinose on the front; tro- chanters dull yellow; femora yellow, the tip broadly dark brown; tibize yellowish brown, the tip darker; tarsi brown. Wings: Subhyaline; cells C and Se dark brown; stigma oval, brown, filling in the tip of cell Ist R; and the extreme base of cell 2d Ry. Tip of cell 2d Ri, most of cell Rs, cephalic portion of R; median portion of M, and seams along most of the veins paler brown. Venation (see Fig. i) as in the genus.
Abdomen: Tergum, segments 1—2 yellow, dark brown apically and on the sides of the sclerites; 5th dark brown, except the basal third; 6th mostly yellow, darker, almost black, on the apical half and along the lateral margin of the sclerite; 7th black; base of 8th suffused, black. Hypopygium (see Fig. q): Sth sternite rather long, at least twice as long as the 7th and even higher; Sth tergite short, about two-thirds as long as the 7th and not as deep. 9th sternite, viewed from the side, tather short, the ventral margin about straight, the caudal end gently rounded, with an appendage (e); dorsal side with a rounded, chitinized black knob; appendage of the sternite broad, bi-lobed, the ventral lobe with.a long flexible, finger-like tip projecting caudad and dorsad; the upper, or cephalic, lobe lying closely appressed to its dorsal margin, elongate-cylindrical, rather fleshy. 9th tergite (in the drawing, Fig. q, 9,
{Pehlkea End. show a species in which Rz seems to be present; the venation, apparently, is misinterpreted in the figure. (Zool. Jahrb.; Vol. 32, pt. 1, p. 15.)
362 Annals Entomological Society of America __ [Vol. V,
the 9th tergite is seen from a dorsal aspect) viewed from above, rectan- gular with a very. deep oval notch, the lateral lobes squarely truncated at the tips, clothed with long hairs, these longest at the apex; a few hairs on the ventral face. Penis (p.) extremely long and slender projecting far beyond the genital chamber and is almost half as long as the whole abdomen.
Q Like the o’, but antenne short; segments 1—5 light yellow, these gradually darkened; pleure lighter grey; dark femoral tips not so broad. Abdomen, tergum, segments 1—2, yellow, tip and margin darker; segment 3 almost all black except the base; segments 4—5, yellow except the black lateral margin; segments 6—7 black; tip of abdomen yellow; valves of the ovipositor quite short and blunt.
Holotype, @, Igarapé-assi, Para, Brazil, Jan. 29, 1912, (H. S. Parish, coll.)
Allotype, 2, same locality and collector; Jan. 27, 1912.
Type in Cornell University Collection.
This insect differs considerably from all the described forms. in its small size and blue-grey coloration.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES XXIV, XXV, XXVI.
The wings are all drawn to scale by the projection microscope in Cornell University.
Fig. a. Wing of 9 Tipula maya, sp. n.
Fig. b. Wing of 9 Tipula aymara, sp. n.
Fig.c. Wing of & Tipula inca, sp. n.
Fig. d. Wing of 9 Tipula atacama, sp. n.
Fig. e. Wing of o& Trpula guato, sp. n.
Fig.f. Wing of 9 Tipula smithi, sp. n.
Fig. g. Wing of o& Tipula armatipennis, sp. n.
Fig. h. Wing of @ Pachyrhina trinidadensis, sp. n.
Fig. i. Wing of 2 Microtipula amazonica, sp. n.
Fig. j. Hypopygium of Pachyrhina trinidadensis. (lateral aspect). 8t, 9t=S8th
and 9th tergites; 7s, 8s, 9s=7th-9th sternites; c equals dorsal apical appendage. j 1=ventral apical appendage enlarged. j. 2 is tip of dorsal apical appendage enlarged.
Fig. k. Hypopygium of Pachyrhina macrosterna, sp. n. The ventral apical appen- dage enlarged. k, tip of dorsal apical appendage, enlarged.
Fig. 1. Hypopygium of Tipula inca (lateral aspect); 11, (dorsal aspect).
Fig. m. Hypopygium of Tipula aymara (lateral aspect)
m,. Looking into the genital chamber. Fig. n. Hypopygium of Tipula parishi, sp. n. (lateral aspect). nm, ventral aspect; ne, tip of dorsal apical appendage.
Fig.o. Hypopygium of Tipula armatipennis. (lateral aspect). p=part of the exserted penis.
Fig. p. Hypopygium of Tipula guato. (lateral aspect.)
Fig. q. Hypopygium of Microtipula amazonica (lateral aspect). (N. B.—The 9th tergite is shown from a dorsal aspect.)
Fig. r. Ovipositor of Pachyrhina macrosterna. (dorsal aspect).
Fig. s. Ovipositor of Tipula aymara (dorsal aspect). 8t, 9t=S8th and 9th tergites. u=upper valve (tergal); 1=lower valve (sternal). s1:=ventral aspect.
Fig. t. Ovipositor of Tipula maya. (dorsal aspect).
Fig. u. Ovipositor of Tipula atacama (dorsal aspect).
Fig. v. Ovipositor of Tipula armatipennis (ventral aspect). vi, lateral aspect, 9s=9th sternite.
Fig. w. Ovipositor of Tipula smithi, (dorsal aspect). wi, lateral aspect.
ANNALS E, S. A. Vou. V, PLATE XXIV.
ist A Cu,
C. P. Alexander.
ANNALS E. S. A, Vou. V. PLATE XV.
C. P. Alexander.
ANNALS E, S, A. VoL. V, PLATE XXVI,
C. P. Alexander.
1912 PoMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, Vor. IV, No. 3, DECEMBER.
THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF ADELPHOMYIA BERGROTH (TIPULID DIPT.)
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER ITHACA, NEW YORK*
The small size of the crane-flies constituting the genus Adelphomyia Bergr.’ entitles them to the name of Miecro-limnophilini, the majority of the described forms being much smaller than members of allied genera.
Some confusion has arisen recently, regarding the identity of the most common of the three known American species and the purpose of the present article is to straighten out this imbroglio. The first mention of an American representative was in an article by the author? in which a new species (minuta) was described and a second species referred, provisionally, to the widely-distributed European form, senilis Hal. This latter species was again mentioned, and its venation figured in a second article’ and here, also, was referred to senilis. There has always been a question in my mind regarding the specific identity of the American and European forms and I have taken the opportunity to send specimens to Mr. F. W. Edwards, who kindly com- pared the American species with European specimens of senilis in the British Museum collection and reports that the two forms are distinct. I give a key to the known American species and describe two new forms.
American Species of Adelphomyia
1. Wings with cell M1 absent. cayuga sp. 1. Wings with cell M1 present. 2
2. Pubescence in cells of wings lacking or sparse; cross-vein 7 not evident; cross-vein m short or obliterated; general color of body pale yellow. minuta Alex.? Pubescence in cells of wings conspicuous; cross-veins + and m distinct ; body color more brownish. americana sp. 0.
Adelphomyia americana sp. n.
1911 Adelphomyia senilis Alexander. Can. Ent.
1911 Adelphomyia senilis Alexander. Ent. News.
Small species (length, 2, 3.8-4 mm.) ; radial cross-vein present; cell M1
present; plurz almost unicolorous, dull yellow.
é Length, 3.2-3.5 mm.; wing, 4.3-4.6 mm.
Foreleg, femur, 3.7 mm.; tibia, 4.1 mm.; tarsus, 3.8 mm.
Middle leg, femur, 3.9 mm.
“2 Length, 3.8-4 mm.; wing, 5-5.3 mm.
Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Cornell University. 1 Bergroth; Mittheil. Naturf. Gesell. Bern; p. 134; 1891. 2 Alexander; Canad. Entom.; Aug. 1911. 3 Alexander; Entomol. News; Oct. 1911.
830 Pomona COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY
Rostrum and palpi light brownish-yellow; antenne light brown. Front vertex and occiput light brownish-yellow, with a sparse greyish bloom.
Thoracic preescutum dull yellow, rather shining, without apparent stripes, seutum, scutellum and postnatum similarly colored. Pleurz uniform dull yellow. Halteres pale, uniform throughout. Legs—Coxe and trochanters dull brownish- yellow; femora similar, slightly darkened apically; tibie and tarsi uniform brownish-yellow. Wings almost hyaline, veins light brown. Venation (Figure 260, A, or Ent. News, ]. ¢.)—Se? very long, Se? far removed from its tip; eross-vein r present, inserted on R2 about its own length beyond the form of R2+3; M1 much shorter than M1+2 beyond cross-vein m. Short hairs in most of the distal cells of the wing.
B
Figure 260
Abdominal tergum brown with a narrow, darker, median line and a narrow pleural band of the same color; sternum pale yellow, almost con- colorous with the thoracic pleure.
Holotype, ¢. Woodworth’s Lake, Fulton Co., N. Y.; alt. 1650 ft.; Aug. 22,1910. (Alexander, coll.)
Allotype, @, with the type.
Paratypes, 30, ¢ 2. Sport Is., Sacandaga R., June 28, 1911; Wood- worth’s Lake, Gloversville and Johnstown, Fulton Co., N. Y.; Ithaca, Tomp- kins Co., N. Y.; September, 1911.
Types in Author’s Collection
Paratypes in British Museum of Natural History, U. S. Nat. Mus., Cornell University and in author’s collection.
[ am indebted to Mr. Edwards for the following comparison of americana with the European senilis :
Pomona CoLLEGe JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY 831
“1. The pleure in A. americana are unicolorous ochreous; in A. senilis they are reddish-brown above and below, more ochreous in the middle.
2. The marginal cross-vein is present in A. americana, absent in A. senilis.
3. The genitalia are different in the two species but as we have only one male, I do not want to dissect it, without which I cannot properly make out the structure.”’
Adelphomyia cayuga sp. n.
Large species (length, @, 5 mm.); radial cross-vein indistinet; cell M1 absent.
@, length 5 mm.; wing 5.1 mm.
Rostrum, palpi and antenne hght brown. Front, vertex and occiput brown.
Thoracic prescutum uniform light brown without apparent dorsal stripes ; scutum, scutellum and postnatum lighter-colored yellow. Pleure light brownish-yellow, brighter colored on the metapleurwe and on the posterior portions of the mesopleure. Legs rather uniform light brown throughout. Wings rather uniformly suffused with dark, membrane distinctly darker colored than in americana or minuta; veins light brown. Venation (Figure 260, B)—Ncl rather long, about five times as long as Se2; R2+-3 in a line with R2; cross-vein r not evident; basal deflection of R4+-5 in a line with cross-vein r-m; cell M1 absent, i. e., M1 and M2 fused to the wing-margin. A short pubescence in the apical portions of the wing, tips of cells Rl, R2, R38, R5, M2 and M3 being included.
Abdominal tergum and sternum uniformly brown.
Holotype @ (balsam slide), Vanishing Brook, Ithaca, N. Y.: Aug. 16, 1912. (Alexander, coll.)
Type in author’s collection.
Vol. xxiv} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 176
A New Species of Dixa from Chile (Dixidae, Dipt.). By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.*
In a collection of Neotropical crane-flies belonging to the Hungarian National Museum and kindly sent to me for deter- mination by Dr. Kertesz, there was included a species of Dira from Chile. This is the first record for a member of this family of flies from south of the Equator. Of the 21 described species, 12 are European, 8 are American and 1 is Chinese. Of the American species all are Nearctic with the exception of the widely distributed Diva clavulus Williston; which was de- scribed from the Island of St. Vincent. Dr. Johannsen has examined this specimen and states that it is very different from
*Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell Uni- versity. 7Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896. Part 3, p. 2098, fig. 73.
177 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 713
any of the American species, the types of which he has studied in Cambridge.
Dixa chilensis sp. n.
Male. Length about 3.5 mm.; wing 3.8 mm. Mouth parts and palpi dark brownish black; clypeus and front yellowish, suffused with brown on the sides; antennae dark brown, the third segment much paler, more yellowish; vertex and occiput pale yellowish-white.
Pronotum light chestnut brown; mesonotum, praescutum very pale, almost white with three dorsal stripes; the intermediate stripe is broader and begins just behind the cephalic margin of the sclerite; the lateral stripes are narrower, begin at about mid-length of the sclerite, continuing caudad and including the sides of the scutum; middle line of the scutum and the scutellum dull yellowish; post- notum dark brown. Pleurae with a broad silvery white band, delimit- ed by two narrow dark brown stripes, the upper one beginning on the cervical sclerites and running to the base of the halteres; the lower stripe running above the bases of the coxae. Halteres pale, apices of the knobs dark brown. Legs, fore and middle coxae yel- low, brownish in front, trochanters pale, whitish-yellow; femora and tibiae very light brown, narrowly tipped with dark brown; tarsi brown; hind legs, femora much brighter colored, yellowish, broadly tipped with brownish black; tibie dark on basal half, passing into a broad, dull yellowish post-median band; tip of tibia swollen, black; tarsi brown. Wings, subhyaline, cells C and Sc more yellowish; an irregular brown mark at the origin of Rs, a second at the arcuation of R2+3, a third at the top of Rr extending down over the fork of R 2-+-3; cross veins and many of the longitudinal veins narrowly and indistinctly seamed with a lighter brown; anal cell a little brown
on the angle; venation (see figure), cross vein r-m far before fork cf Rs; R 2 +3 at origin perpendicular, extremely arcuated, fork of R 2+ 3 much shorter than the fused portion.
Abdomen brown.
Holotype, ¢, Concepcion, Chile; Aug. 23, 1904 (P. Herbst).
Type in the Ungarisches National Museum.
The species differs from all of the known American forms in the extreme arcuation of R 2+3 and the shortness of the fork of this vein.
(Reprinted from Insecutor Inscitiee Menstruus, Vol. I, No. 9, September, 1913]
THE TIPULIDAZZ IN BRUNETTI’S “FAUNA OF BRIT- ISH INDIA; DIPTERA NEMATOCERA”
By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.!
The publication of this great work (November, 1912) affords us an opportunity to investigate the rather numerous genera that the author has recently erected (Records of the Indian Museum, vol. 6, 1911). As was suspected at the time of their characterization, most of these genera are based upon too tnivial structural features to warrant recognition while some are strict synonyms of older well-known genera and due either to carelessness on the part of the author or his lack of familiarity with the holarctic fauna. Some of the glaring specific errata that appear in this work are noticed at the end of the article. The magnificent drawings by Bagchi are the most valuable single feature of the volume, and it is upon these figures that the following criticisms are largely based.
Ceratostephanus Brun. (p. 406) undoubtedly equals Rhipidia Meigen.
Atvpophthalmus Brun. (p. 408) is very doubtfully a valid genus based entirely on the holoptic condition of the eyes. A close approach to this is found in many Rhipidie where the space left on the vertex is exceed- ingly narrow.
Gymnastes Brun. (p. 432) equals Teucholabis Osten Sacken, the character of a clubbed femur and the venation being approached by sev- eral true species of Teucholabis.
Mongomioides Brun. (p. 481) and Paramongoma Brun. (p. 484) have been considered by the writer in another article (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, p. 499).
Dasymallomyia Brun. (p. 494) equals Gnophomyia Osten Sacken. The venation of the type is similar to that of G. aperta Coq. (non Bru- nettis G. aperta (p. 492), which, however, is a Pedicine, Rhaphido- labis) from British Columbia. The short, very hairy legs of which so much is made is characteristic of a group of tropical American species (hirsuta Alex., pervicax Alex., et al.).
Paracladura Brun. (p. 502), a valid genus and a very primitive one but not at all related to the American Cladura as stated.
Claduroides Brun. (p. 505), a strict synonym of Rhaphidolabis Osten Sacken, which belongs in a totally different tribe.
Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University.
TIPULIDAZ IN BRUNETTI'S “FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA” 119
The following observations on certain of the species may be of value to workers on the Onental fauna. They represent merely the personal opinions of the writer and whether these are nght or wrong may be ascertained from an examination of the types.
Dicranomyia ornatipes Brun. (p. 380) is almost certainly an Eriop- terine belonging to the subgenus Leiponeura Skuse of Gonomyia Meigen. A study of the genitalia of the type would settle the matter. The author merely remarks, ‘““ Genitalia yellowish brown, small, concealed, apparently normal.”
Toxorhina incerta Brun. (p. 422). Brunetti states that there is no mention of an open discal cell in any of the living Toxorhine. T. mu- liebris O. S. of the eastern United States normally has this cell open as shown by Needham (23d Rept. N. Y. State Ent., pl. 29, fig. 5) whose figure is cited by Brunetti! Moreover, on the page immediately preced- ing Brunetti states that muliebris has the discal cell coalescent with the second posterior. In such cases it is difficult to make out just what the author is attempting to discuss. The remarkable venation of 7. incerta as shown twice in this volume is almost certainly an abnormality of the type.
Erioptera brevior Brun. (p. 452) and Empeda inconspicua Brun. (p. 475). Ina recent article (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, p. 512) I relegated Empeda Osten Sacken to a subgenus of Erioptera Meigen and hesitated a long time before allowing it to stand at all. On plate 9, figure 2, Brunetti figures the Evrioptera and in figure 10 the Empeda, and there is not one single point of difference between the two other than slight specific characters. E’mpeda is merely an Erioptera in which the fusion of R2+;3 is a little longer than usual.
Gnophomyia Osten Sacken (p. 487). When we come to examine the species that the author has placed in this genus we are strongly re- minded of the work of Walker or Philippi of a half century ago. By means of the author's own keys in this volume it would be impossible to run most of the species down to this genus or even to this tribe!
G. longipennis Brun. (p. 489) is a Rhaphidolabis and probably the same species as Claduroides and Rhaphidolabis fascipennis.
G. genitalis Brun. (p. 490) and G. furcata Brun. (p. 491) probably Limnophila but certainly not Gnophomyia.
G. aperta Brun. (p. 492) is a Rhaphidolabis.
G. incompleta Brun. (p. 493) equals a Plectromyia Osten Sacken, but this, in turn, should be relegated to the synonymy of Rhaphidolabis.
120 INSECUTOR INSCITIZ MENSTRUUS
The lack of cell Mj is not a generic character since it occurs in various species in genera of many tribes (Limnophila, Polymera, Eriocera, etc.). G. nigra Brun. (p. 494) stated in a long text discussion to lack the radial crossyein, but this is very clearly shown in the figure (pl. 10, fig. 3). Cladura flavescens Brun. (p. 501) is very probably a Limnophiline, strongly suggesting A delphomyia Bergroth. Claduroides fascipennis Brun. (p. 505), Rhaphidolabis fascipennis Brun. (p. 519), and Gnophomyia longipennis Brun. (p. 489) are almost
certainly one and the same species.
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[Reprinted from Insecutor Inscitiee Menstruus, Vol. I, No. 11, 1913]
A NEW GERANOMYIA FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS '
(Diptera, Tipulide) By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER
In a collection of Philippe Chironomidz and Culicide sent to Dr. O. A. Johannsen by Dr. C. S. Ludlow there was included a peculiar species of Geranomyia. Since this insect exhibits many structures that have not been recorded hitherto in this tribe, | am describing the species at this time. It will be figured in a later paper.
The presence of a prominent fleshy horn on the vertex, a rounded tubercle on the anterior margin of the mesonotal prescutum, and the apparent lack of vein Sc2 of the wings at once separates this species off as unusual in the genus. I express my thanks to Dr. Johannsen and Dr. Ludlow for this material.
Geranomyia cornigera, new species. 3 Length, 4.5—7 mm.; rostrum, additional, 1.6-2.2 mm. Wing, 5.7-7.8 mm.
Rostrum long, rather stout, dark brownish black, each tip ending in a
‘Contribution from the Entomological Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
138 INSECUTOR INSCITIAE MENSTRUUS
small pale greenish recurved hook; palpi apparently 4-segmented, black. Antenne dark brown. Head light silvery gray with blackish reflections ; a fleshy elongate lobe, black in color, on the vertex, extending cephalad to near the base of the antenne.
Cervical sclerites and the pronotum dark brown. Mesonotum, pre- scutum with a small median brown knob on the cephalic margin. Lobes of the scutum dark brown, this color produced anteriorly in a long stripe which continues along the praescutum to the knob described above. Preescutum with a pale brown median stripe which continues back to the transverse suture; scutum with the median space pale. Scutellum pale yellowish, except a brown mark on the anterior part on either side, this being an elongation of the caudal lobe. Postnotum yellow with a broad transverse brown band. Pleurae with two conspicuous transverse stripes, the upper one broadest, beginning above the fore coxee, continuing back- ward, above the halter, to the postnotum where it fuses with the trans- verse brown band described above; a narrower brown band begins on the mesonotum just before the mesocoxze and continues to the abdomen. Halieres dark brown. Legs, coxee, and trochanters brownish yellow, femora light brown, tibiz and tarsi brownish yellow. Wing, veins dark brown, cells C and Sc light brown, remainder of wings hyaline; narrow pale brown seams along Rs and the cross-veins and deflections of veins; there are three dark brown marks in cell Sc, the first at the base, the third at the tip of vein Sc, the second being midway between the other two and containing a supernumerary cross-vein as is usual in this genus. Venation, Sc ending just beyond the origin of Rs; cross-vein Sc2 not evident; Rs long, about twice as long as the deflection of R4+5; cell first Mo very long, narrow, quadrangular or nearly so, the basal deflection of Cuj at its base; the veins issuing from cell first M2 very short.
Abdomen, tergites dark brown; basal three or four sternites yellowish darkening into brown on the terminal segments.
Holotype, ¢, Pettit Banks, Philippine Islands, October 23, 1912 (Dr. Ludlow). Paratypes, 7 ¢, with the type, taken at | p.m.; 4 3, type locality, between daylight and dark on October 22, 1912.
This species is closest to G. nofata Mei. of Java in its striped pleure ; it differs in the color of the thorax, wings, legs, and structural characters.
A key to the Oriental species of Geranomyia is given in Brunetti's Fauna of British India, p. 388, 1912. The East Indian species are considered by de Meijere in Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, vol. 54, p. 31,
A NEW NOMARETUS FROM NORTH CAROLINA 139
1911. Palsearctic species which may be regional are G. annandalei Edw. (Jour. and Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal (new series), vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 47, 48, 1913) from Palestine and G. avocetta Alex. (Can. Ent., vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 205, 206, 1913) from Japan.
A REVISION OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN DIPTER- OUS INSECTS OF THE FAMILY PTYCHOPTERID
BY
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER
Of the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
No. 1953.—From the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. 44, pages 331-335
Published February 20, 1913
Washington
Government Printing Office 1913
A REVISION OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN DIPTER- OUS INSECTS OF THE FAMILY PTYCHOPTERID
BY
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER
Of the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
No. 1953.—From the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. 44, pages 331-335
Published February 20, 1913
Washington Government Printing Office 1913
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ed ae ee) ‘ ak PiSth wt 4 et iy Tae y aed tae hot tad iV Lb ead oh j , on fi aR ‘ ie Aca hee a ha i Me Wa envy rc "Son Sh ya! ides a | é Yas MOL) Wile mg a i)! petal em aya sesh ds 1 \ . ' - ' A bis
A REVISION OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN DIPTEROUS INSECTS OF THE FAMILY PTYCHOPTERID®.
By Caries P. ALEXANDER, Of the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
The only genus of Ptychopteride as yet made known from the Neotropical regions is Tanyderus Philippi,’ erected in 1865 to receive the then unique species, pictus Philippi, of Chile. Two New Zealand species, forcipatus Osten Sacken? and annuliferus Hutton, have been described. The Cylindrotoma ornatissima, described by Doleschall from the East Indies in 1858, was later found to be a true Tanyderus.!
I have given, below, a rather free translation of Philippi’s original description of 7. pictus and also add the description of a fifth species, the second from the American continent.
KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF TANYDERUS.
Anal angle of the wing very sharp; wing with two brown fascize which are almost unicolorous in all of the cells; antennse with at least 25 segments.........-. pictus. Anal angle of the wing less pronounced, square; wing with an irregular picture; dark
TANYDERUS PICTUS Philippi.
Length body, 12 1.; wing expanse, 26 1.
Head quite black, only the antennz are pale yellow, except the first two segments, which, however, are black. The long, slender neck-like prothorax is also black and there appears above in the cephalic half a caniculated excavation, which is run through by an elevated longitudinal line continuing to the posterior margin. The anterior portion of the, mesothoracie prescutum is yellow with a black spot in the middle; the remainder of the mesothorax is, for the
most part, black; on the pleure, in front of the wing basis, is a yellow
1R, A. Philippi. Aufziihlung der Chilenischen Dipteren, Verh. der Zo6l.-bot. Ges., 1865, vol. 15, pp. 780, 781, pl. 29, fig. 57.
2 Verh. Zodl.-bot. Ges., 1879, p. 518.
3 Trans. New Zealand Institute, vol. 32, p. 48.
4 Osten Sacken, Studies on Tipulids, pt. 2, 1887, pp. 228-230.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 44—No. 1953. 331
332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44,
spot, and the space before the scutellum is likewise yellow; remainder of the pleur yellow with black spots; metanotum is yellowish with four black spots on the caudal margin. The segments of the abdomen are yellow with black posterior edges and black longitudinal spots, of which there are four on the dorsum in two rows. The wings have yellow veins and a yellowish membrane, especially in the middle, and there are ramifying, yellow, black-bordered crossbands, which make this species one of our most beautiful Tipulids. The legs are yellowish with black cox and a blackish ring above and below the knee; they are rather strongly haired. UHalteres are black with bright stem.
The species has an extremely sharp anal angle and possesses a supernumerary cross vein in cell #, of the wing.
diese nese ee TE
Fic. 1—LATERAL ASPECT OF THE HEAD OF TANYDERUS PATAGONICUS. a, ANTENNA; b, CLYPEUS; C, MAXILLARY PALPUS; d, LABRUM; €, MAXILLA; f, HYPOPHARYNX (?); g, HYPOPHARYNX (?); fh, LABIUM.
TANYDERUS PATAGONICUS, new species.
Antenne 17-segmented; thorax gray with chestnut stripes; anal angle of the wings not prominent; supernumerary cross veins in cells R, and R;; wings marked with brown and gray.
Female.—Length, 12.1 mm.; wing, 18.2 mm. Legs, posterior femora, 8.2 mm.; tibia, 9.8 mm.
Head.—Mouth parts, clypeus (0) rather quadrate, about as broad as long; the labrum closely applied to its cephalic margin. Labrum (d) elongate, depressed, flattened, its edges toward the tip, with numerous stout hairs; underneath the labrum is a pair (e) of elon-
EE
no. 1953. REVISION OF FAMILY PTYCHOPTERIDD—ALEXANDER. 3383
gate, slender, extremely pointed stylets which I believe to be homologous with the maxille of certain other Diptera (Tabanide) ; at the base of the maxille, beneath the clypeus, arise the elongated maxulary palpi (ec), which are almost as long as the antennx; these palpi are 5-segmented; segment 1 short; 2 twice as long as 1; 3 longer than 1 and 2 combined; 4 and 5 subequal, longer than 2 but shorter than 3; palpi clothed with long appressed hairs; between the labrum and Jabium, there projects an elongated stylet, almost as broad as the labrum, which seems to be homologous with the hypopharynx (f/f); the possibility exists, however, that it may con- sist of the two mandibles closely applied to one another. The specimen is unique and I do not care to remove the mouth parts. The elon- gated labium (hk) apparently 2-seg- mented, and bearing a pair of broad palpi at the tip, arises from the yen- tral surface of the head; viewed from beneath, the labium is seen to consist of a basal and apical piece, the latter deeply divided by a longitudinal fur- row; the palpi divergent, their margins clothed with long, stout hairs; from between the palpi there projects out- ward a narrow compressed organ (4) ; this may (in case the organ (f) de- scribed above as possibly being the hypopharynx is not this) be the hypo- pharynx. In this case the mandibles would be present and accounted for in the organ described above as the hypo- pharynx. sre Nerrciiccre 2 herent:
Occipital region narrowed behind, 5, civenvs; ¢, maxtuany rairus; @, broadening to the vertex; vertex nar- “220M 6 MAxILLA. rowed between the eyes, its sides parallel; front encroaching onto the inner margin of the eye in a broad, shallow sinus, in which the anten- ne (a) are located. Antenne, 17-segmented; the scapal segments almost smooth or with very small hairs; both segments short, the first cylindrical, the second oval, its distal end more enlarged; the flagellar segments clothed with dense appressed hairs; basal flagellar segments almost subequal; apical segments more elongated. (See figs. 1 and 2.)
Mouth-parts yellow, the labium brown; maxillary palpi dark brown; clypeus dull brownish gray; antenne dark brown, the cloth- ing of hairs on the flagellum rather paler.
834 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 44.
Front dark brown, black apically and with a narrow median stripe; vertex brown with a black U-shaped mark between the eyes; occiput and gene brown.
Cervical sclerites prominent, transverse, deep velvety black on the dorsal mid line, grayish brown Jaterally.
Thoraz.—Pronotum, the scutum projects on the dorsal surface of the insect, the scutellum is not visible from above, dark brown, paler onthe sides. Mesonotum, prescutum gray, the extreme mid line nar- rowly black; on either side of this, extending from the cephalic margin of the sclerite backward to the transverse suture where they become confluent, a broad chestnut stripe; laterad of this, near the middle of the sclerite, a broad brownish-chestnut stripe runs back- ward, interrupted by the shallow, open, transverse suture. Scutum light brown mesially, caused by the spreading out of the central preescutal stripes; on the sides of the sclerite are the well-defined
Ses
1st A Fic. 3.—WING OF TANYDERUS PATAGONICUS. St, SUBCOSTA 1; R;, RADIUS 1; Rs, RADIUS 5; Ji, MEDIA 1; Cui, CUBITUS 1; Ist A, ANAL.
continuations of the brownish-chestnut lateral prescutal stripes; scutellum and post-notum rich brown; metanotum dull brown. Pleurse, spiracles prominent, spongy in appearance, yellow; epi- pleure gray, sternal region more brown. Halteres brown, stem slightly paler. Legs, coxe, and trochanters dull gray; femora rich brown; dark brown at the tip; tibia extreme base and tip brown, remainder yellow; tarsi dark brown.
Wings.—Venation, Se long, its tip nearer the fork of R,,, than to the fork of 2 ,+,; a spur at the fork of Sc; aslight spur at the origin of R;; an oblique supernumerary cross vein in cell #,; a second one in cell R;. Anal angle of the wing not especially prominent.
Wings (fig. 3) subhyaline, veins brown; cells C and Sc yellow; wings marked with gray and brown as follows: Brown; a rounded spot at the base of the wing under the cross vein h; a second at the origin of R,; a third under the tip of Se; a large irregular spot ex- tending along the cord which is on the proximal half of the wing; @
No. 1953. REVISION OF FAMILY PTYCHOPTERIDE®—ALEXANDER. 835
brown seam on the two supernumerary cross veins and on m; stigma oval, lighter brown. The gray extends as an irregular band distad of the supernumerary cross veins; and as an interrupted band prox- imad of the cord; an isolated spot in the ends of the cells Cu, and Cu.
Abdomen.—Tergum light yellowish brown; a narrow brown median stripe; caudal edge of the sclerites gray, interrupted medially by the brown median line; lateral edge of the sclerites dark brownish black, narrowest caudally; segment eight dark brown; genital segment light brown. Sternum light yellowish white, a brown transverse sub-basal band; eighth segment dark brown.
I wish to thank Dr. W. A. Riley, of Cornell, for kind assistance with this paper.
Holotype.—Latitude Cove, Patagonia; United States Bureau of Fisheries; accession No. 21999.
Type.—Cat. No. 14919, U.S.N.M.
A SYNOPSIS OF PART OF THE NEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES OF THE SUBFAMILY a) LIMNOBIN/E
BY
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER
Of the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
No. 1966.—From the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. 44, pages 481-549, with Plates 65-68
Published April 30, 1913
ys Washington Government Printing Office 1913
A SYNOPSIS OF PART OF THE NEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES OF THE SUBFAMILY LIMNOBIN/Z
BY
~ CHARLES P. ALEXANDER
Of the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
No. 1966.—From the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. 44, pages 481-549, with Plates 65-68
Published April 30, 1913
Washington Government Printing Office 1913
‘ vO hy i
i ete
A SYNOPSIS OF PART OF THE NEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES OF THE SUBFAMILY LIMNOBIN.
By Cuartes P. ALEXANDER, Of the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
1 INTRODUCTION.
The present paper is the partial result of the study of some exten- sive collections of tropical American Tipulide or crane-flies. In this paper the tribes Eriopterini and Limnophilini are included. A
* second part will include the tribes Limnobini, Antochini, and Hexa-
tomini, completing the Limnobine, and a third will treat of the
Tipuline.
) In this paper the term Neotropical is used as synonymous with the Neogea (in part), of Sclater (1858) and the Dendrogea of Sclater (1874). It includes South America and the adjacent Falkland, South Georgia, Juan Fernandez, and Galapagoes Islands; the West Indies, or Antilles; Central America, Mexico, and the extreme southern portions of Florida and Texas.
Besides describing all new forms and redescribing such species as are inadequately handled in previous descriptions, I have thought it might be of some value to future students to include keys to the genera and species of the regional forms. It should be understood,
however, that the difficulties in the way of such an attempt are such — as to almost discourage one from undertaking it. One must remem- ber that a very considerable number of the species have never been rediscovered since their original description; many of these descrip- tions are brief, vague, and altogether unsatisfactory. Those of Fabricius would be as bad as those of Walker if it were not for the work of Wiedemann, who had access to the Fabrician types. Phil- ippi, who described a large number of Chilean species, was almost
~ unacquainted with the work of European writers on the subject, and as a result committed some grievous errors, such as erecting the genus Plettusa for the well-known Geranomyia (and referring it tothe Culicidz), the genus /dioneura for the well-known and cosmopolitan Helobia; the genus Polymoria, based on the misconception that the insect possessed six posterior cells, etc. In addition to insufficient descriptions, a serious difficulty exists in the fact that several score of
- — —— =
Proceepinas U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 44—No. 1966. 69077 °—Proc.N.M.yol.44—13 31 481
482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 44.
species have been placed in wrong genera, and there many of them remain at the present writing. Until the type is studied, or the species rediscovered, the generic position of many species must be considered in doubt. I have studied this subject with considerable thoroughness and as a result have assigned each of these faulty species to its probable true generic position, and it is in this genus that the species will be considered. Future research will undoubtedly prove that many of the species were wrongly assigned, and the purpose of this introduction is to let the reader know of the difficulties in theway. Many of the keys are based entirely or in part upon the original descriptions, and for that reason it has been necessary to use super- ficial characters for the main subdivisions, such as ‘‘ wings spotted,” “wings not spotted,’ etc. This is of course unsatisfactory, but con- venient and, under the circumstances, the only possible course.
As an example of the manner in which species are referred to the wrong genera, the case of the genus Limnobia is cited. This genus, erected by Meigen in 1803, has served as a storehouse, or junk heap, for species which are in reality referable to almost every genus of the Limnobine. The numerous species of Fabricius and Wiedemann were described before the old genus Limnobia was split up. Mac- quart included everything in Limnobia that possessed but two branches to the radial sector. Philippi and Gay described a large number of species of what seem to be Furcomyia, as Limnobia. The notorious work of Francis Walker needs no comment here, most of his descriptions being absolutely unrecognizable and the types of many no longer in existence, many of the names are herein consid- ered as unrecognizable species and dropped from consideration.
After this discussion of the difficulties encountered because of the work of pioneer students like Fabricius and Weidemann, or the mis- erably poor work of Walker, it is a pleasure to speak of the really monumental labors of Osten Sacken, who, having seen the types of many of the early writers, definitely and finally gave them a true generic position. Of the scores of species of New World crane-flies described by Osten Sacken and his fellow workers, Loew and Schiner, not one can be called ‘‘unrecognizable” from their descriptions. Osten Sacken did not describe an extraordinary number of new species, but whatever work he did was done thoroughly and accu- rately. The ‘‘Father of American Dipterology”’ now rests from his labors, having won the honor, respect, and the highest esteem of every student of his subject.
In studying the Neotropical Tipulide the student is struck by the abundance of certain genera and tribes, and the total absence of others. Of the hundreds of specimens examined by the writer not a single species of the Cylindrotomine or Pedicini was encountered. Limnobini are abundant (Geranomyia, Furcomyia, and Rhipidia);
q
; |
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF N BOTROPICA L LIMNOBINE—ALEXANDER. 483
Antochini common, especially Rhamphidia and T eucholabis; Eriop- terini numerous; Limnophilini common (Limnophila, Polymera, and Epiphragma), Hexatomini very numerous, almost all being Eriocera; the Tipuline are represented by an abundance of Tipula, Pachyrhina, Brachypremna, Tanypremna, and Megistocera.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
Concerning the geographical conditions of the regions where certain of the included material was collected, the following are of interest:
BRITISH GUIANA.
Toomatoomari.—Cataracts on the Potaro River, 8 miles above the junction with the Essequibo.
Kaieteur (Falls)—Formed by the fall of the River Potaro, a tributary of the Esse- quibo, over an abrupt cliff of 741 feet. The width of the fall at times of high water is 370 feet while at low water it decreases to rather less than half that width."
The rainy season of November—January was entirely skipped. Ordinarily the lowest water stage of the year is in October, following the so-called long dry season. But in February, when we were there, the river captains and crews on both the Demerara and Essequibo Rivers reported that the water there was the lowest they had ever seen it at any season. Swamps which I made some effort to reach, and which I was assured I would find waist deep in water, were in every case entirely dry, and usually baked and cracked. * * * I believe the time of year to go after both of these groups (Tipulidz and Syrphide) in the Tropics is August or the end of the long _ rainy season. The end of the short rainy season (December and January) would also be favorable, but this is an uncertain season and has failed in the past, as if did in 1911-12. In fact, the best time for collecting in either Trinidad or British Guiana is during your summer vacation—June, July, and August. It is rather strange that more students in the East, close to New York, do not go South during the summer.”
BRAZIL.
Chapada.—A small village of Matto Grosso, Brazil, about 25 miles ENE. of Cuyaba (the capital of Matto Grosso), on the plateau. The village itself is about 2,500 feet above sea level, or 1,800 feet above Cuyaba, but collections are from all the surrounding Tregion as low as 1,500 feet. This isa country of mixed forest and campo, or grassland, with scattered trees; there are many streams—some small lakes or ponds and tracts of more or less boggy savanna where the streams rise. The name Chapada is really a generic application, applied to the plateau in general. The real name of this village is Santa Anna la Chapada, and in some maps it appears as Santa Anna, but in all that Tegion it is known simply as Chapada, or the Chapada.
Corumba.—A town on the River Paraguay, near the junction of the Taguary, the port of entry for Matto Grosso. There isa tract of dry rocky land, a kind of island, in the flood plain of the Paraguay, which is here very extensive. Collections were made "principally on the flood plain: the waters were rising, but I used to wade about with a apy pushing a canoe through the grass behind me. These flood plains are mostly grassland, with some forest along the river and channels. (H. H. Smith.)
J _ From Among the Indians of Guiana, by Everard F. Im Thurn. (1883).
? Letter from E. B. Williamson to J. G. Needham, April 23, 1912.
_ *¥rom Contributions to a Knowledge of the Odonata of the Neotropical Region, by P. P. Calvert, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 6, No. 1, 1909.
484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 44,
Igarape Asst is about 120 miles from the city of Pard. It is situated about 1,000 feet above the sea level and in the heart of the forest. I arrived at my destination about the first of December, 1911, which is the latter part of the dry season. The rains did not start until about the middle of Janwary, and from then on it rained almost every day for three or four hours. It was usually fine in the morning, but toward 12 o'clock clouds loomed up on the horizon. When these wet days come it is very hard to keep things from molding, especially insects. There were very few Tipulide to be had during the dry season, but they: became more plentiful as the wet season advanced. I used to go out with a waterproof on and an umbrella in one hand and netin the other. The place where I stopped was right beside a swamp, so that it made it all the better for your material. At night I puta light, mounted on a chair, with a sheet behind it, and this had the desired effect."
It is not proposed nor intended to give the characters of any genus, except where such genera have been insufliciently described. In the case of monotypic genera, described in papers that are diffi- cult of access to the student, the generic and specific descriptions are included. Under each genus is given references to the best characterizations of the genera that are available, some one or more of which will be accessible to the general student of the Diptera. As regards the synonomy of the species, it has been given complete in the case of purely Neotropical forms. In wide-ranging or cos- mopolitan species, only the more important or significant changes are given.
For the information of the reader concerning any points of nomen- clature that may be doubtful, I give the following bibliography of the systems adopted in this paper:
1. Wing venation:
Comstoox, J. H., and NeepHam, J. G.
The Wings of Insects.
American Naturalist, vol. 32, No. 373, pp. 43-48; No. 374, pp. 81-89; No. 376, pp. 231-257; No. 377, pp. 335-340; No. 378, pp. 413-424; No. 380, pp. 561-565; No. 382, pp. 769-777; No. 384, pp. 903-911; vol. 33, No. 386, pp. 117-126; No. 391, pp. 573- 582; No. 395, pp. 845-860.
Published separately by the Comstock Publishing Company with the addition of a table of contents, 124 pp., 90 figs. The fourth part, No. 377, pp. 335-340, deals with the Diptera but makes no mention of the Tipulide in particular.
NEEDHAM, JAMES GEORGE.
Crane-flies, in the 23rd Report of the State Entomologist of New York, 1907, pp. 199-248, pls. 11-382. The most complete account and critical study of the venation of crane-flies ever published. The study of this paper is strongly recommended,
2. Head sclerites: . Comstock, J. H., and Koour, C. The Skeleton of the Head of Insects. American Naturalist, vol. 36, No. 421, pp. 13-45. Comstock, J. H. and Ketroee, V. L. The Elements of Insect Anatomy. Comstock Publishing Company, Ithaca, New York (1904), pp. 1-145.
1 Letter from H. S. Parish, May 24, 1912.
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIN®—ALBXANDER. 485
3. Thoracic sclerites: Crampton, G. C. A Contribution to the Comparative Morphology of the Thoracic Sclerites of Insects. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jan., 1909 (Feb. 22, 1909), pp. 3-54, pls. 1-4.
Snoperass, R. E. The Thorax of Insects and the Articulation of the Wings. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, pp. 511-595, pls. 40-69 (Nos. 1687, 1909).
4. Abdominal sclerites:
Comstock, J. H., and Ketxoce, V. L.
The Elements of Insect Anatomy.
Ithaca, N. Y., 1904.
5. Hypopygial characters:
Snoperass, R. E.
The Hypopygium of the Tipulide.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, pp. 179-236, pls. 8-18.
The above are, without much question, the best and are recom- mended to students of the family as standards to be followed in the describing of species.
Wherever I have asked for specimens, available material was very cheerfully given me for study. I wish to express my sincere grati- tude to several gentlemen for their kindness in regard to this matter. These are Mr. Frederick Knab, of the United States National Museum; Mr. J. A. Grossbeck, especially for the loan of the Lutz-Crampton Guiana collection; Mr.S. H. Henshaw of the Museum of Comparative Zoology; Prof. C.F. Baker, Mr. C. W. Johnson, Mr. E. T. Cresson, Thee and others. Much of the work was done as research in the Systematic Entomological Laboratory of Cornell, under the direction of Dr. J. Chester Bradley, and to Doctor Bradley and Doctor Needham, my sincere thanks are due for continual help.
The following collections are embraced in the material studied:
1. United States National Museum, Washington, District of Columbia. A very extensive series of nearly 400 specimens rep- resenting about 90 species: received through Mr. Knab.
2. American Museum of Natural History, New York City. A collection embracing about 50 specimens in 37 species; received through Mr. Grossbeck.
3. Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Massachusetts. A collection of six specimens, four species, but of especial interest as belonging to the Osten Sacken and Loew collections; received through Mr. S. H. Henshaw.
4. Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, Massachusetts. A specimen of Tanypremna; received through Mr. C. W. Johnson.
5. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A collection of about 25 specimens, 5 or 6 species; received through Mr. Cresson.
486 . PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44.
6. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. The rather extensive collections made by Mr. Parish in the Province of Pard, Brazil, in January and February, 1912.
7. Pomona College, Claremont, California. A collection of 5 specimens, 3 species, from Mexico; received through Prof. C. F. Baker.
8. Museu Rocha, Ceara, Brazil. Ten specimens of a Geranomyia; received from Mr. P. Rocha. -
9. Staudinger and Bang-Haas, Dresden, Germany. A collection of South American species; 22 specimens, 15 species; in author's collection.
10. Mr. E. B. Williamson, Bluffton, Indiana. Ten specimens, rep- resenting 3 species, collected by Mr. Williamson on his recent trip (see p. 483); in author’s collection.
In a very recent paper,! Dr. G. Enderlein has added much to our knowledge of tropical crane-flies. The specific descriptions and the figures are excellent, but the very free erection of genera must be criticized. Of the 15 genera proposed in this paper, several are rank synonyms of older genera, while the majority of the others are based on trivial differences of venational or antennal characters. In regard to this subject it may be well to quote the words of Osten Sacken,? as follows:
To these successors I am free to give a piece of advice, as the result of more than 30 years’ experience with the Tipulide, and this is not to introduce new genera prematurely. Large accessions of new forms, or of variations of already well-known forms, must be expected from as yet unexplored, principally tropical, regions; but these accessions although large will be slow in coming. Do not introduce new genera for every slight deviation from a well-known type, because you would soon have no end of new genera and a growing difficulty in discriminating between them. But do not hesitate to establish a new genus for a form that can not be forced into any of the
existing genera and which shows distinctive characters in more than one organ of its body. Such forms are not very common.
The opinion that I have formed of Enderlein’s genera, after a careful study of their characters, is given below. Mr. F. W. Edwards, the well-known British authority on the Limnobine, writes me that, in his opinion also, most of the Enderlein genera rest on a very insufli- cient basis.
1. Ctenacroscelis (p. 1) equals Holorusia Loew. (H. rubiginosa Loew has cross-vein 7 present in normal individuals, and connected with R,4, instead of R,.)
2. Icriomastaz (p. 9) may be a valid genus, although the characters ” on which it is based are rather trivial.
1 Giinther Enderlin. Studien tiber die Tipuliden, Limnobiiden Cylindrotomiden, und Ptychopteriden, Zodlogische Jahrblicher. Abteilung fiir systematik, geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 1912, vol. 32 pt. 1, pp. 1-88, fig. 51.
2 Osten Sacken, Studies on Tipulidw, pt. 2, Berlin. Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 31, p. 163.
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIND—ALEXANDER. 487
3. Stegasmonotus (p. 11) equals Tanypremna Osten Sacken. (Tipula longipes Fabricius (p. 13) is certainly a Tanypremna.)
4. Pehlkea (p. 15), apparently a good genus, based, principally, on the strong supernumerary cross-vein in cell M.
5. Phacelodocera (p. 26) equals Ptilogyna. The differences be- tween this and the Australian Ptilogyne are not sufficient for generic separation.
6. Tipulodina (p. 30), not a Pedicine, but unquestionably a Tipuline as shown by the position of Se,, shape of cell Cu,, ete.
7. Androclosma (pp. 34-37, 49); not different from Arrhenica, proposed by Osten Sacken for A. spinosa Osten Sacken. Mr. Ed- wards informs me that A. ornatum has a strange resemblance to a species of Macromastix from New Zealand.
8. Psaronius (p. 50) equals Lecteria Osten Sacken. I have both of Enderlein’s species, Dactylolabis conspersa (p. 49) and Psaronius lituratus (equals Lecteria obscura Fabricius). I believe that the presence or absence of tibial spurs is a character that is overdone, as closely related species tend to be separated by it.
9. Aldrovandia (p. 52), not Eriopterine, but undoubtedly a Tipuline.
10. Clydonodozus (p. 57). Mr. Edwards writes: “I should doubt very much if Clydonodozus can be retained as distinct from Conosia.”
11. Mongomella (p. 61) equals Mongoma Westwood. The follow- ing errata in venational interpretation: I. cariniceps (p. 60, fig. L’), vein R,,, should be R,; vein M, should be R,.;; M, should be M,,,.; the same applies to ¥. gracilis (p. 62, fig. M,), which is closely related to M. zambesiz Alexander from East Africa.
12. Pycnocrepis (p. 65) equals Styringomyia Loew.
13. Stibadocera (p. 83) is very doubtfully Cylindrotomine; the presence of Se, and obliteration of Sc, is a Tipuline character. The wide separation at the wing-margin of R, and R,,, is not at all Cylindrotomine. The position of this very curious genus must remain in doubt until related forms, or more material, are discovered. An examination of the male genitalia would tell whether or not the species belong to the Cylindrotomine.
New names proposed.—The following new names are given to cer- tain of the species occurring in the list in part 2. The same combi- nation of generic and specific terms necessitates the renaming of the later species.
Geranomyia enderleini, new name for G. annulata Enderlein (1912); not G. annulata Skuse (1888) (Dipt. Aust., pt. 7, p. 70).
Geranomyia philippii, new name for G. virescens Philippi (1865); not G. virescens Loew. (1851).
Furcomyia chilensis, new name for Limnobia guttata Philippi (1865); not L. guttata Meigen (1838) (—Linnophila marmorata Meigen).
488 PROCBEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you, 44.
Furcomyia bigoti, new name for Limnobia longicollis Bigot (1888) ; not L. longicollis Macquart (1846).
Furcomyia blanchardi, new name for Limnobia stictica Blanchard (1852); not L. stictica Meigen (1818).
Furcomyia subandina, new name for Limnobia stigmatica Blanch- ard (1852); not L. stigmatica Meigen (1830).
Epiphragma fabricii, new name for Tipula maculata Fabricius (1805); not 7. maculata Linneus (1758); not T. maculata Meigen (1804).
Eriocera willistoni, new name for E. fasciata Williston (1900); not EF. fasciata Guerin (1830).
Eriocera longistyla, new name for Tipula erythrocephala Fabricius (1805); not J. erythrocephala De Geer (1776).
I wish, in closing this introductory statement, to express my thanks to Mr. F. W. Edwards, of the British Museum of Natural His- tory, for the following information regarding Walker’s South Amer- ican Tipulide:
Limnobia calopus Walker. Types g 9 in very good condition, only one leg missing from each. Osten Sacken has a note attached, “Comp. this to Limnobia armillaris Wied. (O. Sack).” Certainly belongs to the genus Lecteria, but there is no cross vein in the second submarginal cell.
Limnobia reciproca Walker. Bad condition; no legs. Genus Trimicra (close to T. pilipes Fabr.). ’ ;
Limnobia chrysoptera Walker. No legs, but recognizable by wings, easily I should
say. Genus Hriocera.
Limnobia tenebrosa Walker. Good condition; genus Eriocera.
Gonomyia variegata Walker is a Geranomyia.
Gonomyia antarctica Walker is a Limnophila.
Ptilogyna simplex Walker. Fair condition; genus Ozodicera, as stated by O.S§.
Tipula filigera Walker. Fair condition; certamly recognizable. I have not stud- ied the Tipuline and am not sure of the genus of this. The legs are very long and slender, but the venation is like Tipula, the anterior branch of the second vein (R2) being oblique. Antenne, 10-jointed?
The other species you ask about I can not trace in our collection, so their exist- ence is doubtful.
A LIST OF THE NEOTROPICAL TIPULIDE (LIMNOBIN#).
Tribe 1.—LIMNOBINI: Tribe 1.—Limnopini—Contd. Geranomyjia brasiliensis Westwood. G. philippii, new name (for virescens G. enderleini, new name (for annu- Philippi).
lata Enderlein). G. pilipes Walker. G. fulvithorax Philippi. G. rostrata Say. G. insignis Loew. G. rufescens Loew. G. intermedia Walker. G. stigmatica Philippi. G. leucomelanopus Enderlein. G. testacea Philippi. G. lineata Enderlein. G. tibialis Loew. G. mexicana Bellardi. G. tristis Loew. G. pallida Williston. | G. valida Loew.
i
: { '
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIN. B—ALEXANDER. 489
Tribe 1—Limnopini—Contd. Tribe 2.—AntTocuint—Contd.
G. variegaia Walker.
G. virescens Loew.
Rhipidia annulicornis Enderlein. . bipectinata Williston.
. costalis Williston.
. domestica Osten Sacken.
. subpectinata Williston.
. tabescens Enderlein.
. unipectinata Williston. Peripheroptera aberrans Schiner. P. incommoda Osten Sacken.
P. nitens Schiner.
P. schineri Osten Sacken. Discobola argus Say.
Furcomyia bigoti, new name (for longi-
by by bo by be
collis Bigot).
F. blanchardi, new name (for stictica Blanchard).
F. chilensis, new name (for guttata Philippi).
F. chlorotica Philippi.
F. elquiensis Philippi.
F. flavida Philippi.
F. infumata Philippi.
F. lineicollis Blanchard.
F. muscosa Enderlein.
F. ornatipennis Blanchard.
FP. pallida Macquart.
F. phatta Philippi.
F. polysticta Philippi.
F. subandina, new name (for stig- matica Blanchard).
F. vernalis Philippi.
Limnobia ocellaia Réder.
?L. diva Schiner.
?L. insularis Williston.
2L. longimana Fabricius.
Zalusa falklandica Enderlein.
Tribe 2.—ANTOCHINI:
Rhamphidia albitarsis Osten Sacken. Teucholabis annulata Williston. T. chalybeiventris Loew.
T. complexa Osten Sachen.
T. flavithoraxy Wiedemann.
T. gracilis Osten Sacken.
T. melanocephala Fabricius.
T. molesta Osten Sacken.
T. morionella Schiner.
T. polita Osten Sacken.
T. rostrata Enderlein.
T. scapularis Macquart.
T. schinert Enderlein.
T. simplex Wiedemann.
T. spinigera Schiner.
T. trifasciata Enderlein.
T. venezuelensis Macquart.
Toxorrhina brasiliensis Westwood.
T. fragilis Loew.
Blephantomyiameridionalis, new name (for longirostris Williston), preocc. fossil.
Diotrepha concinna Williston.
D. mirabilis Osten Sacken.
Paratropeza collaris Osten Sacken.
P. fasciolaris Wiedemann.
P. pxusia Osten Sacken.
P. singularis Schiner.
Tribe 3.—ERI0PTERINI: Molophilus guatemalensis, new spe- cies. M. thaumastopodus, new species. Eroptera ( Mesocyphona) caloptera Say. EB. (M.) c. var. femoranigra, new sub- species. EB. (M.) annulipes Williston. EB. (M.) bicintipes, new species. EB. (M.) costalis, new species. E. (M.) eiseni, new species. E. (M.) immaculata, new species. E. (M.) knabi, new species. EB. (M.) parva Osten Sacken, brasili- ensis, new subspecies. E. (M.) splendida, new species. EB. (Empeda) nigrolineata Enderlein. E. (B.) n. var. pubescens, new sub- species. 2B. longipes Philippi. 2B. pallida Philippi. ?E. uniformis Blanchard. Trimicra anomala Osten Sacken. T. reciprocra Walker (=anomala Osten Sacken?). Symplecta macroptera Philippi (=hy- brida Meigen?). S. hybrida Meigen. Gnophomyia caloptera Osten Sacken. G. ferruginea Williston. . hirsuta, new species. . luctuosa Osten Sacken. magnifica, new species. . nigrina Wiedemann. . osten-sackeni Skuse. . rufithorax Wiedemann. . subhyalina, new species. Gonomyia (Gonomyia) delicata, new species.
RARRAAAA
490
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
) Sweet 7 '
VoL, 44,
Tribe 3.—ERiIoPTERINI—Contd. | Tribe 4.—LIMNopHILIni—Contd.
G. (Leiponeura) pleuralis Williston. G. (L.) puella Williston.
G. (L.) puer, new species.
G. (Gonomyia) unicolor, new species. Sacandaga parva, new species. Mongoma disjuncta, new species. M. extensa, new species.
M. longifusa, new species.
M. manca Williston.
M. niveitarsis, new species.
M. pallida Williston.
Cryptolabis tropicalis, new species. Sigmatomera amazonica Westwood. S. flavipennis Osten Sacken. Lecteria armillaris Fabricius.
ZL. conspersa Enderlein.
L. matto grossx, new species.
L. obliterata, new species.
L. obscura Fabricius.
Tribe 4.—LIMNOPHILINI:
Epiphragma adspersa Wiedemann,
E. buscki, new species.
E. circinata Osten Sacken.
E. delicatula Osten Sacken.
E. fabricti, new name (for maculata Fabricius).
E. histrio Schiner.
E. imitans, new species.
£. nebulosa Bellardi.
E. punctatissima Wiedemann.
E. pupillata, new species.
EB. sackeni Williston.
£. varia Wiedemann.
Limnophila apoecila Philippi.
L. chilensis Philippi.
L. cineracea Philippi.
L. epiphragmoides, new species.
. euteniata Bigot.
. favicauda Bigot.
. guitulatissima, new species.
lentoides, new species.
. luteipennis Osten Sacken,
nacrea, hew species.
. stigmatica Philippi.
. tenuipes Say.
. undulata Bellardi,
. venosa Philippi.
. verecunda Philippi.
?L. cinerea Philippi.
?L. decasbila Wiedemann.
?L. irrorata Philippi.
?L. lutea Philippi.
?L. multipunctata Fabricius.
?L. pallens Philippi.
SHS SSS hhh
?L. punctipennis Philippi.
?L, tenella Philippi.
?L. trichopus Philippi.
L. antarctica Walker.
Ctedonia bicolor Philippi.
C. bipunctata Philippi.
C. flavipennis Philippi.
C. fusca Jennicke (=flavipennis Phi- lippi?).
C. pictipennis Philippi.
Polymera albitarsis Williston.
P. conjuncta, new species.
P. fusca Wiedemann.
. georgizx Alexander.
. grisea, New species.
. hirticornis Fabricius.
. nornaia, new species.
. niveilarsis, Dew species.
. obscura Macquart.
. pleuralis, new species.
superba, new species.
. thoracica, new species.
Ischnothriz xtherea Bigot.
etsy te te ty ttt
Tribe 5—HEXATOMINI:
Eriocera braconides Enderlein.
E. brunneipes Williston.
E. caminaria Wiedemann.
E. chrysoptera Walker.
E. erythrea Osten Sacken.
E. fasciata Guerin.
E. flavida Williston.
E. gracilis Osten Sacken,
E. hemorrhoa Osten Sacken.
E. lessepsi Osten Sacken.
E. longistyla, new name (for erythro- cephala Fabricius).
E. macquarti Enderlein,
. melanacra Wiedemann.
. mesoxantha Osten Sacken.
nigra Wiedemann,
. obsoleta Williston.
ohausiana Enderlein.
pretiosa Osten Sacken.
. tenioptera Wiedemann,
. trifasciata Réder.
virgulativentris Enderlein.
. willistoni, new name (for fasciata Williston).
E. zonata Osten Sacken.
?E. flaviceps Wiedemann.
?Penthoptera fuliginosa Schiner,
Shee hhh heb
Tribe 6.—PEDICINI:
?Tricyphona pusilla Bigot.
xo. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIN®—ALEXANDER. 491
CHARACTERIZATIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND KEYS TO THE FORMS. KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES OF TIPULIDE.
1. Terminal segment of the maxillary palpi very long, whip-lash shaped, much longer than all of the preceding segments combined; Sc ends in R, Sc, being obliterated; fusion of Cu, on M usually slight, often punctiform; cell Cu, of the wings usually broader at the base than at the middle. Antenne 13-seg- TiC ert ee BO a Are een PEER antec ar Cee SOO ptide DeonO pee TIPULIN&.
Terminal segment of the maxillary palpi short, scarcely longer than the two pre- ceding combined; Se ends in ©, Sc, being present; fusion of Cu, on M usual long; cell Cu, of the wings usually only as broad at the base as at the middle. Antenne) WA Ot eLG maser men ted (21.6 4 5tin steels a= eiaioiein swe isieiai LIMNOBIN &.
The exceptions to the above characterizations are numerous, but the majority should hold. Pedicia, a Limnobine, has long maxillary palpi like the longipalpous Tipuline; the Dicranote (Pedicini) have 13-segmented antenne, etc.
KEY TO THE TRIBES OF LIMNOBIN 2,
1. R, with two branches reaching the margin.............-.....-...------.--- 2: R, with three branches reaching the margin...............--..--.---.-+-+-- 4, De vAmtenn ee L4-SeOMeR TCO ie aye (sia 2 3a soe wins lore cleicin Sune ccleen tae ces's LIMNOBINI. ESN 2RieBS Ut Carin Gii.c Alea scmdsceee de USB eS er BOR eeednge BetnpocEEoocrES ac 3. 3. R, usually incurved toward R.,, at the wing margin and fused backward with it; tibies with spurs at the tipo... se ee=. csc cceen esos Serene CYLINDROTOMINI.
R, runs straight to the wing margin, not fusing with R.,,; tibiz spurless. ANTOCHINI. PELE Deo ap Umeda ie UN Gul) har telesiclers ait ie nicl anid ata wats sien sce ie scan cjijors oe cisie Oe Mibie: without spurs at the tip .-..-....-. 22.2.2. eae e nee ERIOPTERINI. 5. Antennz with from 6 to 10 segments...............--.------------ Hexaromrnt. Antenne withitrom: 1S torsg Begmente .2- Joss ccs. c ce elec ve ce cen etieeees cc 6. 6. Sc, retracted far toward the base of the wing so that it is proximad of the origin Ole Rigen ee et eee tee eens oo ae ola te aie = aren Sag Ric este s.cs PEDICINI. Se, at the tip of Se, or retracted backward ( Trichocera), not proximad of the origin Olt Roe ete eee ae ee Se eicicing ness ac select cele cose LIMNOPHILINI.
The tribes herein considered, Eriopterini and Limnophilini, are exceedingly closely allied to one another, and the character of the tibial spurs can not, apparently, be depended upon in critical cases. The members of these tribes require further study at the hands of some student who has access to collections where a majority of the _ forms are contained. If these tribes are valid (and no one disputes the point as to whether they are convenient to use or not), then other characters will be found to separate them. I have included the genus Lecteria in both tribes, as L. obscura has spurred tibix whereas LZ. armillaris has naked, spurless tibie.
492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44,
bo
13.
14:
KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE ERIOPTERINI.
(Based largely on Needham’s Key, 1907.)
. Wings absent .......---- +--+. 22-22 eee eee c ee ene pee ene eeee Chionea Dallman. Wings present... . =. ---). 2-2-2. eee ce sere cect e enn n een eee en ence serene 2.
. Three branches of M reach the wing-margin...........------------------+---- Sy Two branches of M reach the wing-margin.................------------------- 4,
. Se very long; Sc, and R, approximated at their tips...... Lecteria Osten Sacken. Sec shorter; Sc, and R, distant at their tips.......-.....-- Cladura Osten Sacken.,
. R, shorter than Ry45. .------ +--+ +2222 eee eee ee cere ee eee ee eee eee eee 5. R, longer {han Roig-22-< co - + eter ae eee easels se eee ee 8.
_ Cross vein r-m absent; Sc, very long, approximating R, at their tips; cross vein papresent.\. 921225 e-2 22252 one sen nnoe nee mere Mongoma Westwood. Cross vein r-m distinct; Sc, short; no cross vein r}.....,-.-.-------1---------- 6.
_ Antenne of the male as long as the body, prominently haired. . Lachnocera Philippi. Antennse of the male short, normal... 0.52 ~~ - $5 ~<a se wenn oe os meee ie
_ Se short ending opposite, or anterior to, the origin of Rs; anal angle of the wing
not prominent.......---.--.0--02-------se2- essen nne- === Gonomyia Megerle. Se long ending near to the fork of Rs; anal angle of the wing prominent. Sacandaga Alexander.
. Rs long, normal in position; cell first R, elongated.............-----.+------- 9.
Rs shortened, its first fork angulated; cell first R, equilateral or nearly so. Cryptolabis Osten Sacken.
. Second fork of the radial sector on the posterior side, i. e., Rs ends in cell R,.
Molophilus Curtis. Second fork of the radial sector on the anterior side, i.e., Rsendsin cell Ry... .-- 10.
. A supernumerary cross vein in cell R.; second anal vein strongly Sniseol
Helobia Le Peletier. No supernumerary cross vein in cell R,; second anal not bisinuated.......-.--- 1
. Cu, tending to turn toward the apex of the wing.. ae .-Erioptera Meigen.
Cu, tending to turn away from the wing apex.......-...-.------------+----- 12.
. Antennal segments (male) subreniform, nodose; fourth antennal segment like 2
recumbent S- cee. ase scicece eee eee aaa ae Sigmatomera Osten Sacken. Antennal segments of the male not so. .........-------------+----+----+-+--- 15: Sides of cell first M. parallel; Sc. near tip of Sc,...-- Gnophom yia Osten Sacken. Sides of cell first M. divergent distad; Sc, retracted toward the wing basis. ...... 14, The deflected base of Cu, meets M far before the fork; Rs long and straight at its origin; second fork of Rs skewed forward; terminal 3 segments of the antenne usually abruptly smaller............----------+--++++-- Trimicra Osten Sacken, The deflected base of Cu, meets M usually at the fork; Rs shorter, straight; second fork of Rs usually symmetrical; flagellar segments of the antennz uniform. Rhypholophus Kolenati.
I have omitted Polymoria Philippi from this key as it is very
probably a Limnophala (See ee Limnophilini).
1 Subgenus Empeda (genus Bone would run down here, but has cross vein r present.
no, 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINY®—ALEXANDER, 4938
DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Genus LECTERIA Osten Sacken.
Lecteria OsteEN SACKEN, Studies, etc., 1887, pt. 2; Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 31 . 206. eu siiie ENpDERLEIN, Zodl, Jahrb., vol. 32, 1912, pt. 1, pp. 50, 51.
I have included in this genus Limnobia armillaris Fabricius, made the type of this genus by Osten Sacken, and which has spurless tibie; Psaronius lituratus Enderlein (—Tipula obscura Fabricius) and Lecteria obliterata, new species, which have spurred tibiwe. As I have stated in a later paragraph, I believe that the tibial spur character has been overdone. The venation of these three species is so remarkably similar that I have no hesitation, in view of the existing data, in referring all three species to the genus Lecteria.
Lecteria is sufficiently well distinguished, venationally, in the extreme length of subcosta, the long radial sector, strongly arcuated at its origin and thence running parallel with radius, the tendency for R, to shorten and disappear, etc. The described species are all Neotropical, but Mr. Edwards informs me that the British Museum possesses three undescribed species from Africa. I believe that the presence or absence of spurs, in this group of species, has the tendency to separate from one another species that are in reality closely allied. Thus Enderlein described as Limnophilini two species which possessed tibial spurs. The type of the genus Lecteria, armil- laris Fabricius, seems to vary considerably in venation. The speci- mens upon which Osten Sacken based his genus possessed a super- numerary cross vein in cell R,, and in some specimens another in cell R;. The types of Limnobia calopus Walker in the British Museum, as well as the three specimens I possess, entirely lack these cross veins. Itis probably a case comparable to the related genus Cladura Osten Sacken where cross veins may occur almost anywhere on the wing disk.'
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LECTERIA.
1. Wings without distinct markings (antennz with the basal segments yellow, fla-
EMT EC oe Se nas obliterata, new species. a
MRIS R TVET ULNY XO Wy TR STRAND Persie al iaoiaint ais ait ence sae cle hake oa wees
2. Wings with abundant brown dots in all of the cells. .conspersa Enderlein ? (Brazil).
Wings with the markings larger and confined to the neighborhood of the veins... . .3.
3. Wing markings confined to a spot at the base of Rs, along deflection of R,,,, and in cell second R,; cell first M, is hexagonal, the fusion of Cu, and M, slight,
less than cross vein r-m ............----- obscura Fabricius* (Guiana-Brazil).
Wanp-markInge OYE CXtENBIVE =. <<. 0nsiltaas vielssiocs cscine csidislesies ss ietetekces 4.
! See Alexander and Leonard, Venational Variation in Cladura, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 20, Mar.. 1912, pp. 36-39, pl. 4.
2 Zool. Jahrbuch., 1912, vol. 32, pt. 1, Stud.tiber die Tipuliden, etc., pp. 49,50 (fig. D!) (as Dactylolabis).
*Syst. Antl., 1805, p. 27 (as Tipula); Wiedemann, Auss. Zweifl. Ins., 1828, vol. 1, p. 24 (as Limnobia)
eee ie i
494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44,
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LECTERIA—Continued.
4. Wing-markings present as a narrow seam along the cord; at fork of M,,., Ro,3, at origin of Rs, at origin of the basal deflection of R,,,;, and at the tips of R, and
R.; cell first M, pentagonal; basal deflection of Cu, before fork of M; basal deflection of R,,,; long, longer than Mj... .. . . matto-grossx, new species (Brazil).
Wing markings more extensive; a transverse band across the wing in the neighbor- hood of the cord; an interrupted band beginning at origin of Rs; tip of wing
dark; basal deflection of Cu, beyond fork of M; basal deflection of R,., short; arcuated, less than M,............-. armillaris Fabricius! (Costa Rica—Brazil),
LECTERIA OBLITERATA, new species.
Small, slender; basal antennal segments yellow; flagellum black; general color of the body dull black; legs brown; wings dark-col- ored, gray.
Male—Length, 14.4 mm; wing, 11 mm. Head: Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antennz, basal segments elongate-cylindrical, stout, second rounded; flagellum, segments rapidly becoming smaller toward the tip; basal segments light yellow; flagellar segments abruptly dark, black. Front dark brown, shiny; vertex black, pollinose on the sides; one or two hairs on the sides of the vertex behind the eyes, occiput with a brown bloom; gene more yellowish.
Thorax: pronotum, scutum and scutellum visible from above, dull brownish-black. Mesonotum, prescutum with the pseudo- sutural fovea shallow, but prominent, shiny black; prescutum, extreme cephalic margin with a yellowish bloom which is continued backward on the sides of the sclerite; dorsum of the sclerite velvety- black at the anterior prominence; dull black back to the suture; scutum, scutellum, and post-notum black, rather dusted with light gray. Pleure light gray; prothoracic pleure somewhat darker, blackish; an indistinct brown stripe across the pleure from the fore-coxa to the base of the halteres. Halteres short, stem pale, knob brown. Legs: cox and trochanters light brownish-yellow; femora dark brown, more yellow basally; tibie and tarsi dark brown. Wings dull brownish-gray; cells C and Se yellow; veins Se and R yellow; remaining veins dark brown. Venation (see fig. 41).
Abdomen very elongate; tergum brownish; segments dull yel- low at the base and tip, remainder dark grayish-brown; basal ster- nites yellow, apical ones concolorous with the tergites.
Habitat.— Holotype—Male, Tukeit, British Guiana, July 21, 1911 (Lutz, coll.). Paratype—Male, Kaicteur Falls, British Guiana, Aug. 10, 1911 (Lutz, coll.).
Types—In American Museum of Natural History.
1 Syst. Antl., 1805, p. 26 (as Tipula); Wiedemann, Auss. Zweifl. Ins., 1828, vol. 1, p. 13 (as Limnobia).
.
no, 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINY—ALBPXANDER. 495
LECTERIA CONSPERSA Enderlein. Dactylolabis conspersa ENDERLEIN, Zool. Jahrb., pt. 1, 1912, pp. 49, 50.
I have seen a single specimen, taken at Rio de Janeiro in Novem- ber. (Probably by H. H. Smith.) It forms part of the Williston collection in the American Museum of Natural History in New York.
The wing seems to be of a different shape from that shown in Enderlein’s figure, almost Drepanopteryx or Osmylus-like (Hemero- biidee, Neuroptera).
LECTERIA OBSCURA Fabricius.
Tipula obscura Fasricius, Syst. Antl., 1805, p. 27.
Limnobia obscura WiepEMANN, Dipt. Exot., vol. 1, 1821, p. 12; Auss. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, 1828, p. 24.—Hunrer, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1900, p. 289.— Kertesz, Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, 1902, p. 175.
Psaronius lituratus ENDERLEIN, Zool. Jahrb., 1912, pp. 50, 51, fig. Ey.
Female—Length, 23.4 mm.; wing, 15.8 mm.; abdomen, 18.6 mm.; legs, fore, femora 8.8 mm.; tibia 10 mm.; tarsus 1, 5.5 mm.; tarsus 2-5, 3.6 mm.; middle, femora 10.1 mm.; tibia 10.1 mm.; tarsus 1, 4.8 mm.; tarsus 2-5, 3.2 mm.; hind, femora 11.2 mm.; tibia 11.4 mm.; tarsus 1, 3.6 mm.; tarsus 2-5, 3.2 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; palpal segments short; clypeus yellowish-brown, with two long hairs on either side. Anten- nx: first segment much elongated, cylindrical, longer than the fol- lowing three combined; second segment short, rounded-oval, trun- cated at its apical end; segments of the flagellum gradually more slender and more elongated, clothed with dense, appressed downy hairs and with long hairs which are shortest on the proximal seg- ments; antennze yellowish-brown; flagellum darker, brown. Front brown; vertex yellowish-brown, rather darker in places; a patch of long hairs on either side of the eye.
Thorax: pronotum brown; mesonotum: prescutum, with a broad deep pseudosutural fovea on its antero-lateral margin; the caudal margin of the fovea gentle, cephalic margin precipitous, dark brown, conspicuous; prescutum light brownish-yellow with indistinct brown stripes; two parallel ones on either side of the pale narrow median stripe, becoming indistinct near the transverse suture; the shorter, but broader, lateral stripes begin just behind the fovea and run backward across the suture; scutum, scutellum, and postnotum dull yellowish-brown, the color of the scutum near the center brought about by the spreading out of the lateral prescutal stripes. Pleura dull yellow, a darker spot on the mesothoracic epipleura. Halteres, stem yellow, gradually darkening to the brown knob. Legs: light yellow; femora dark brown at the tip; tibia brown at the extreme base and tip; tarsal segments dull yellow, darker at the tip of each segment; segments four and five brown.
496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44.
Wings: cells C and Se light yellow, remainder subhyaline; veins brown except where covered by spots; brown spots located as follows: a rounded oval spot at base of Rs, a spot in stigmal area in cell second R,, a triangular spot along the deflection of R,,;. Vena- tion: Sc, long, as in the subgenus; space on costa between Se, and R, shorter than the crossvein r-m. Rs extremely arcuated at its origin, then running parallel with R, and in a direct line with R,; R, short, tending to be abortive; basal deflection of M,,, shorter than the basal deflection of M,; M,+Cu, shorter than 7m.
One female, Savannah, North Brazil; Aug. 23, 1911 (Crampton, coll.). (Amer. Mus. of Nat. Hist. Coll.)
Two males, Igarape-Asst, Para, Brazil; Feb. 4, 1912 (Parish, coll.).
One male, one female, Igarape-Asst, Parad, Brazil; Jan. 29, 1912 (Parish, coll.).
Specimens in Cornell University collection; one im author’s
collection. LECTERIA MATTO-GROSSZ, new species.
Head grayish; thorax with three dark brown stripes; pleure gray, with a brown stripe; abdomen light brown, with brown edges to the sclerites.
Length (abdomen broken) of head and thorax, 4.8 mm.; wing 13 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne, first segment, elongate-cylindrical, second, globular, cyathiform; remainder, short, oval, gradually more slender and cylindrical, armed with long hairs, brown. Front and vertex with a greyish-yellow bloom, clearer gray on the occiput; vertex armed with numerous prominent brown hairs, scanty or wanting along the median line.
Thorax: pronotum pale whitish-yellow, the anterior border of the scutum rather more brownish; mesonotum: prescutum, pseudo- suture reduced to a narrow impressed line, shaped somewhat like an interrogation point, anteriorly brown, posteriorly, and a rounded area near the pseudosuture greyish-yellow, extreme cephalic margin of the sclerite gray; a narrow dark brown median stripe; a broader brown lateral stripe, anteriorly close to the median vitta, beyond the pseudosuture divergent toward the lateral margin of the sclerite; scutum light grayish-brown, lateral margin dark chestnut-brown, a continuation of the broad lateral prescutal stripes; scutellum and postnotum dull yellow, with a narrow, indistinct brown median stripe. Pleure yellowish, with a gray bloom; a dark brown stripe extending from the sternal region of the head across the pleure, encroaching on the base of the fore coxa, and extending to beneath the wing-basis. Halteres short, stem yellowish, knob rather browner. Legs, coxe pal@ whitish-yellow; trochanters yellow (rest of legs missing).
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINU®—ALBEXANDER. 497
Abdomen: tergum dull yellow, tip of each segment light brown; lateral margin of the sclerites broadly dark brown. (Terminal seg- ments broken.) Sternum pale whitish, a narrow yellow median stripe, which sub-apically broadens out over the entire sclerite.
Wings: subhyaline with a faint yellow tinge; brown clouds at end of R,, R,, around cross vein r, at fork of R,,;, at origin of R,,,, along remainder of the cord, along cross vein m and the deflection of M,. Venation: Se long, approximating R, at the tip as in the genus; r nearer to tip of R, than to the fork of R,,,; Rs long, strongly arcu- ated at its origin, then running parallel to R,; R,,, in a line with Rs and R,; R, strongly curved cephalad at its tip; R, strongly curved caudad at its tip, so that cell R, is very broad on its distal portion; deflected portion of R,,; very long, so that cell R; is much nearer the base of the wing than cells R, or first M,. M in a direct line with M,; M,,. fused for a long distance beyond m. Basal deflection of Cu,
slightly anterior to the fork of M. (See fig. 39.)
Habitat.— Holotype.—Corumba, Matto Grosso, Brazil, April (H. H. Smith, coll.). Type.—In American Museum of Natural History.
LECTERIA ARMILLARIS Fabricius.
Tipula armillaris Fasrictus, Syst. Antl., 1805, p. 26.
Limnobia armillaris WrepEMann, Dipt. Exot., vol. 1, 1821, p. 13; Auss. zweif. Ins., vol. 1, 1828, p. 25.
Limnobia calopus Waker, Ins. Saund., vol. 1, 1856; Dipt., p- 439.—Hunter, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1900, p. 293.—Krrresz, Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, 1902,
pale Lecteria Bealls Osten Sacken, Studies, etc., pt. 2, 1887, p. 206—Krnrvesz, Cat. Z Dipt., vol. 2, 1902, p. 218.
Male.—Length 9.2-17.8 mm.; wing, 10.2-12.8; abdomen 13 mm.; antenne, 3 mm.; legs, hind, femora, 9.6-12.2 mm.; tibia, 9.3-11.6; tarsus, 6-8.9; middle, femora, 7.8-10.8; tibia, 7.4-10.2; tarsus, 6.4— 9.4; fore, femora, 7.2-9.8; tibia, 8-10.4; tarsus, 6.9-10.4.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; vertex and occiput dull blackish-gray with numerous long dark brown hairs; front dull gray Antenne rather short, dark brown, the flagellar segments with scat-
_ tered long brown hairs and densely covered with shorter appressed
hairs; gene lighter brown.
Thorax: pronotum dark gray-brown; mesonotum, preescutum with an indentation on its margin above the spiracle ; light gray with dark velvety blackish stripes, median one broadest near the center of the sclerite, extends back to the suture; on either side of the middle stripe is a lateral one which originates near the cephalic margin of the sclerite, forks at about one-third its length, the inner branch con- tinuing directly back to the suture , the outer branch broadens out on the side of the sclerite, inclosing a rounded yellowish spot at its
69077°—Proe.N.M.yol.44—13-——32 :
498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 44.
caudal margin narrowly confluent with the inner branch. The space inclosed by the fork of this stripe, at its cephalic end, is glistening, mirror-like; behind this oval, glistening spot, a small cloud of chest- nut-brown; a row of long hairs extending along the lateral branch and its fork, these hairs dark basally, paler brown at their tips; scutum dull blackish-gray; from both forks of the lateral prescutal stripes extends backward a narrow, velvety-black stripe, which meet in a triangle at the outer margin of the sclerite. Caudo-lateral margin of the sclerite produced into a blunt protuberance; scutellum and post- notum light gray, brown on the lateral margin above the base of the halteres. Pleurz dull bluish-gray with indistinct black marks on some of the epipleural and sternal sclerites. Halteres light yellowish- brown, knob brown. Fore legs, cox yellow with a slight gray bloom on its external face; trochanter yellow; femur narrow «ut the base, soon thickened, clavate, its distal half with long outspread hairs; basal half of the femur pale whitish-yellow with light yellow hairs; a post-median brown rig with black hairs; a broad, bright yellow, sub-apical ring, and an apical ring with black hairs; tibia about uniform in diameter throughout its length, densely ciothed with long prominent hairs, a broad basal ring dark brown with black hairs; a narrower, white, sub-basal ring with white hairs; a very broad, brown, median portion with black hairs; a broad white sub- apical ring with white hairs; a narrow apical ring with black hairs; tarsi with prominent hairs, first segment brown with brown hairs except at the tip, which is white with white hairs; segments two and most of three, white with white hairs; tip of three, and four and five, brown. Lower aspect of extreme tip of segment one, and extreme base of segment two, jet black, denticulate. Middle legs similar to fore, but post-median brown band on femur smaller and yellow sub- apical ring broader. Hind legs similar to fore, but the hairs even more conspicuous and showy; claws long, extended, smooth, or with mere indentations on the inner margin.
Wings: hyaline with brown veins; pale brown markings on the wing as follows: a large blotch at the origin of Rs, continuing across cell R; a large row of markings at:the tip of R, and along the cord; along the second deflection of M, and cross-vein m; at tip of R,, apex of the wing, and a faint mark extending from the tip of second anal across cells second A and Cu. Venation (see fig. 42): Se very long as in the genus; Se, separated from R, at the tip by a space equal to the’ cross-vein r-m. Rs strongly arcuated at its origin, almost parallel with R,, in a direct line with R,; R, leaves R, shortly after the fork of Rs and is very strongly curved toward costa at its tip; R,., strongly arcuated on its deflection; basal deflection of M,,, about four times as long as the basal deflection of M,; M,+Cu, longer than the basal deflection of Cu,; Cu, equal to the basal deflection of Cu,.
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINM—ALBXANDER. 499
Abdomen: tergum dark brown; apices of the segments yellowish; sternites dull yellow; hypopygium yellow.
Male, San Carlos, Costa Rica (coll. Schilde and Burgdorf). Male, Igarape-assi, Para, Brazil (alcoholic, Jan. 30, 1912) (Parish, coll.). Female, same place and collector as last (pinned, Jan. 29, 1912).
Genus MONGOMA Westwood.
Mongoma Westwoon, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 364.
Trentepohlia Brcor, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1854, p. 474.
Paramongoma Brunettt, Rec. Ind. Mus., vol. 6, 1911, p. 295.
Mongomioides Brunetti, Rec. Ind. Mus., vol. 6, 1911, p. 296.
Mongomella ENDERLEIN, Zodl. Jahrbuch, vol. 32, 1912, p. 61. The genus Mongoma was erected by Westwood in 1881 with the African jragillima as type. No mention is made, in this paper, of the Limnobia irentepohlii Wiedemann which Bigot, in 1854, had made the type of his new genus Tvreniepohlia. Osten Sacken' uses the genus Mongoma but mentions that it is congeneric with Trentepohlia. Skuse? and Bergroth®? use the name Trentepohlia. Edwards‘ uses Trentepohlia and writes that, as Bigot definitely mentioned trentepohlit as type, the name can not be rejected. Brunetti® splits the old genus Mongoma into three, proposing Paramongoma for the albitarsis group of the genus, and Mongomioides for trentepohlit and its allies. Bru- netti’s statement that australasiz is a strict “ Mongoma” (p. 291) and, a little later, that ‘“‘The only Oriental species definitely referable to Paramongoma is albitarsis Doleschall, but australasix Skuse is certainly congeneric”’ (p. 296) is confusing. Still more recently Enderlein® has retained Trentepohtia for trente- pohlit and its allies, as was suggested by Edwards,? Mongoma for fragillima and its allies, and has proposed the new name Mongomella for the albitarsis group, with paliida Williston as type. The name is, of course, strictly synonomous with Paramongoma Brunetti. I have recently shown’ that the species of the genus show a very gradual transition from one to another, and no division, not even subgeneric, can be accepted. For instance, the new species, WW. dis- juncta would represent another new etoRp because of its two median branches that reach the wing margin, t he Paramongoma group haying but a single median vein. There is but one valid genus, with but a single subgenus, included in the Mongoma group, ead its species have an equatorial distribution (tropicopolitan).
1 Studies on Tipulide, pt. 2, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 31, p. 204, 2 Dipt. Australia, p. 247.
3 Ent. Tidskr., vol. 9, p. 135.
¢ Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, 1911, p. 63.
6 Rec. Ind. Mus., vol. 6, p. 291.
5Zo6l. Jahrbuch, 1912, pp. 60-62.
TI dem, p. 63.
*Can. Ent., 1912, p. 88.
500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you, 44,
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MONGOMA.
1. Veins Cu, and M, distinct at the wing margin... .-disjwncta, new species (Brazil).
Veins Cu, and M, not distinct at the wing margin.................------..-.-- 20
2. Tarsi of all the legs white.-.........-..- niveitarsis, new species (Greater Antilles).
Tarsliof.all'thelegs'not white... tees 26 2 =e ue. aoe ee ee ee 3.
3. Cell R, of the wings very long, much longer than cell R;..........-..---.------ 4,
Cell R, of the wings short, about as long as cell R,...-..-.-..--...--.---------- Do:
4. Larger species; length 7-8 mm...........---- manca Williston! (Lesser Antilles).
Small species; length 5mm.......-..-..-<-.--.---.- extensa, new species (Brazil).
5. Nostigmal spot; ground color of the body yellow. pallida Williston? (Lesser Antilles). Stigmal spot distinct; ground color of the body brown.
longifusa, Dew species (Panama).
MONGOMA DISJUNCTA, new species.
Antenne brown; body and legs light brownish-yellow; veins M, and Cu, distinct at the wing margin.
Female.—Length, 11.6 mm.; wing, 10.2 mm; fore leg, femur 11.8 mm.; tibia 14; tarsus 12.6; hind leg, femur 12.4 mm; tibia 12.4; tarsus 9.6. Head: rostrum and palpi brown, the terminal segment s rather darker; antenne brown; front, vertex, occiput and genx brownish-yellow.
Thorax: prothorax light brownish, its pleura darker brown. Meso- notum: praescutum dull yellow with a faint brownish tinge; scutum, scutellum, and post-notum brownish-yellow. Pleure uniform dull yellow, with no decided contrasts in coloration. Halteres brownish- yellow, the knob, basally, slightly darker. Legs: coxe, trochanters, femora, and tibiz dull yellow, tarsi rather lighter yellow.
Wing: dull yellowish-hyaline, darkest at the tip; stigma oval, brown; veins brown, C and Sc more yellowish. Venation: Se very long, as in the genus; Sc, retracted rather far backward, so that Se, is rather longer than R,. R long, cross vein r just before its tip, oblique. Rs rather long, gently arcuated, about equal to R.,,, R, short, rather sinuated. R,,, fused with M,,,, obliterating the cross vein 7—m, this fusion continuing for a short distance beyond the cross vein m, when the veins separate in a symmetrical fork. M in a line with M, and Cu,; basal deflection of M,,, very long, longer than R,. Cu, about equal to Cu,; Cu, fuses with M just before the fork of M; at the lower distal angle of cell first M, the veins separate, Cu, continuing in a straight line with Cu,+M,, M, arecuates cephalad to the cross vein m and continues thence straight to the wing margin. Cu, strongly divergent from Cu,, forming an angle of about 75°. Cu, and first A free at the tip; second anal rather long. (See fig. 22.)
Abdomen: tergum dark brown; sternum, segments 1-6 dull yellow, 7-8 dark brown; genital segment dull yellow; valves of the ovipositor not very elongate, dark brown, extreme tips paler, yellowish.
1 Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 293. 2Idem, p. 293, pl. 101, fig. 67.
—
——
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIND—ALBEXANDER. 501
Habitat.—Holotype—Female, Esperito Santo, Brazil. Received from Staudinger and Bang-Haas. Type.—In author’s collection. MONGOMA NIVEITARSIS, new species.
Dark brown; all tarsi white; wings hyaline.
Female.—Length, 6.8—7 mm.; wing, 6.1-6.3 mm.; hind leg, femur 9mm.; tibia and tarsus together, 15 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne moderately elon- gated, dark brown. Front, vertex, and occiput dark brown.
Thorax: pronotum largely concealed from above by the forward projecting mesonotum, viewed from the side, the prothoracic scutel- lum is high, bearing six prominent bristles on its margin; separated from the scutum by a deep notch; pronotum dark brown. Meso- notum very gibbous, very dark brown; scutum, scutellum, and post- notum dark brown; pleurs yellowish brown. Halteres long, slender, brown, the stem palest. Legs: coxe and trochanters dull yellowish- brown; femora dark olive-brown; tibia brown, extreme base pale; tarsus, segments one and two brownish-white; three to five white, except the claws, which are brown.
Wings: hyaline, slightly darker toward the tip; stigma brown; veins brown. Venation, (See fig. 13.)
Abdomen: tergum dark brown; sternum yellowish-brown; ovi- positor, valves very long, slender, dark-brown basally, remainder lighter brown.
The paratype has the tip of the tibiee and all of the tarsal serments white.
Habitat.— Holotype-—Female, El Yunque, Porto Rico, West Indies; 2,850 feet; Feb. 25, 1900 (Coll. C. W. Richmond). Paratype.— Female, with the type, Feb. 27, 1900.
Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14920).
MONGOMA EXTENSA, new species.
Brown; small, cross vein r slightly before the fork of R 445.
Female.—Length, 5.1 mm.; wing,4.9 mm. Head: rostrum pale; antenne and palpi brown; front and vertex brown; occiput and cervical sclerites rather paler brown. ;
Thorax: dorsum brownish-yellow, the mesothoracic scutum pale yellow in the middle and on the sides. Halteres pale, whitish, knob rather brown. Legs brown, the feet rather lighter-colored, dull yéllow.
Wings: subhyaline, a triangular, pale brown, stigmal spot. Vena- tion: R,,, in a line with R,, which is shorter than it; R44, leaving R, at an angle of about 60°, very long. Fork of R,,, opposite the tip of R,. Cross vein r very indistinct, slightly before the fork of R.43. Cu, rather close to first anal at its tip, the distance separating them at the wing margin only aslongasSc,. (See fig. 11.)
Abdomen brown.
502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou, 44.
Habitat.— Holotype——Female, Culebra, Panama.
Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14921).
Related to M. manca Williston, but much smaller and colorational and venational details different.
MONGOMA LONGIFUSA, new species.
Brown; stigmal spot distinct; R,,, longer than R, alone.
Length 4.4 mm; wing 4.2 mm.
Female——Head: antenne and palpi brown; front, vertex, occiput and cervical sclerites brown.
Thorax: Dorsum brownish-yellow; an indistinct, very narrow, brown median line; transverse suture interrupted medially and prescutum produced caudad into two obtuse denticule; pleurz dull yellow. Halteres light yellowish-brown. Legs uniform brown.
Wings: subhyaline; cells C and Se slightly more yellow, stigmal spot and extreme tip of the wing pale brown; veins light brown. Venation: Se, retracted rather far toward the base of the wing; R,4, between r and the fork, longer than R, alone. Basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M. (See fig. 10.)
Abdomen: light brown; lateral line black; the apical segments of the abdomen slender, tubular, valves of the ovipositor very slender, arcuated.
Habitat.— Holotype——Femaie, Igarape Ass, Para, Brazil, Jan. 19, 1912 (Parish, coll.).
Type.—In Cornell University collection.
Related to UM. pallida Williston, but differs as follows: darker in coloration; a distinct, though pale, oval stigma; longer fusion of Rois, Otc.
Genus LACHNOCERA Philippi. Lachnocera Purr, Verh. Zodl.—bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 19, 1865, p. 615.—OsTEN Sacxen, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 335. The following description is adapted from Osten Sacken: +
Antenne, at least those of the male, are as long as the body, 13 segmented (?); first segment cylindrical, stout, elongated; the second of the same length as the first, gradually attenuated; the following ones slender, stouter in the middle, on both sides with long, hirsute hairs; the last segments are rather indistinct, Rostrum short; fourth segment of the palpi equal to the third in length (?). Wings with two marginal cells; the first large; the second short, separated from the first by an oblique vein; a single submarginal cell; four posterior cells; discal cell pentagonal; basal cells elon- gated, the second longer. TFeetslender.
LACHNOCERA DELICATULA Philippi.? The following is translated from Philippi’s original description: First segment of the antenne testaceous; remainder and palpi,
grayish-brown; thorax testaceous with brown stripes; coxe and
1 Translation, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 335. 2 Verh. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 19, 1865, pl. 23, fig. 5.
| |
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIND—ALEXANDER. 5038
trochanters pale; abdomen and remainder of the feet, greyish-brown; wings little infuscated; stigma dusky.
Male—Length, body, 2} lines; wing expanse, 64 lines.
Habitat.— Valdivia, Chile.
Genus GONOMYIA Meigen.
Gonomyia Metcen, Syst. Beschr., vol. 1, 1818, p. 146.—OsrEeN Sacken, Studies, pt. 2, 1887, p. 200.
Taphrosia Ronpani, Prodr, vol. 1, 1856, p. 1820.
Goniomyia OstEN SAcKEN, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 177.
Gonomyise appear to be numerous in the Neotropical regions and many species are herein recorded. Some of the aberrant species that I have referred to the subgenus Lezponeura Skuse, have been placed in various genera of the Antochini, simply because of the lack of one branch of the radial sector. Thus Atarba puella Williston, A, pleuralis Williston, Eiliptera, sp. (Williston); Elliptera alexanderi Johnson, and the two Australian species of Leiponeura are, apparently, all Gonomyizw. I have had for examination all of the American Gonomyizx excepting G. galactoptera Bergroth, of Alaska. (Aldrich gives also G. caudata Lundberg, but Kertesz calls this an Hmpeda.)
The American species referable to the subgenus Gonomyia Meigen, (type tenella Meigen) are blanda Osten Sacken; cognatella Osten Sacken; swbcinerea Osten Sacken; sulphurella Osten Sacken; virgata Doane; galactoptera Bergroth; delicata, new species; and wnicolor, new species.
Those species referable to Leiponeura Skuse (type gracilis Skuse) are manca Osten Sacken; pleuralis Williston; puella Williston; alexanderi Johnson; and puer, new species.
In the genus Gonomyia the prominent fovee on the sides of the mesothoracie prescutum that I have called the “pseudosuture”’ are normal in position, but the tuberculate pits are far cephalad and small, located on the anterior margin of the sclerite.
‘ KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF GONOMYIA.
1. Radial sector with 3 branches reaching the wing margin....-... Gonomyia Meigen. Radial sector with but 2 branches reaching the wing margin... Leiponeura Skuse.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LEIPONEURA SKUSE.
1. Femora with a distinct brown band before the tip.............-..------------ 2. Hemora wnicolorous, not banded at the'tip.... 2 o-- oie wie wcine ence evaie 3.
_ 2. Hind legs with the tibia china-white; tibie tipped with dark brown,
; alexanderi Johnson! (Eastern U. S.).
Legs uniform, brownish-yellow..........-..- manca Osten Sacken ? (Eastern U. S.).
1 Psyche, Feb., 1912, p. 3, fig. 6. 2 Monographs, vol. 4, pp. 178, 179 (male, footnote).
504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 44,
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LEIPONEUR& SKUSE—continued.
3. Pleural stripes dark chestnut-brown and yellow, distinct; stigma clear cut, dark- [Sonate eho d ease secon eee ante pleuralis Williston (Cuba—St. Vincent Is.). Pleural stripes indistinct, or faintly indicated: stigma faint or lacking.......- 4. 4, A faint blue tinge on pleurze; no stripes; mesonotum light brown, puella Williston (Lesser Antilles; Mexico). Pleurz plumbeous with a yellow stripe; mesonotum brownish-gray, puer, new species (Greater Antilles).
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GONOMYIA MEIGEN. (Neotropical and Nearctic, excluding boreal forms.)
i, (Wings spotted -- ires-seeence blanda Osten Sacken ! (E. and SE. United States). Wings unmarked (except stigmal spot in cases).---..-..---..------------------ 2. 2. Femora with a distinct brown anteapical band, sulphurella Osten Sacken? (E. United States). Femora unicolorous, wibandedi:: 4s255- 5... -=2es eee 5 - see eee eee 8. 3. Antenne orange or yellow at the basis.........-.-.-.-.-.-----.0-0---0-0-e-20-< 4, Antennse/entirely: brownor black-s.- 4. eee .se Res 2-o eee Seer eee 5. 4. Pleural stripes dark brown; Sc very short....- delicata, new species (Guatemala). Pleural stripes reddish; Sc longer, ending slightly before the origin of Rs., cognatella Osten Sacken* (E. United States). 5. Pleurz with a brown stripe running from collare to base of halteres, virgata Doane * (W. United States). Plenrge without distinek Stripes sae ae ase eel = ei ae 6. 6. Pleur uniformly light yellow; basal deflection of Cu, at the inner end of the short cell firatiMai = eens eee subcinerea Osten Sacken * (E. United States). Pleurz rich light brown; basal deflection of Cu,, under the middle of the long cell first Mp.........---.-.---------wnicolor, new species (Mexico and C. America).
GONOMYIA (LEIPONEURA) PLEURALIS Williston.
Atarba pleuralis Wuuston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 289, pl. 10, fig. 61, male and female.—CoqumuerTtT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 250.—Kerr- Tesz, Cat. Dipterorum, vol. 2, 1902, p. 189.—Axpricn, Cat. N. Amer. Dipt., 1905, p. 82.—Wruiston, Man. N. Amer. Dipt., 1908, p. 85 (fig. 32).
Atabarba pleuralis Hunter, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1900, p. 290.
Gonomyia pleuralis ALEXANDER, Ent. News, vol. 23, 1912, p. 419.
Male.—Length, 5.1 mm; wing, 3.4 mm.
Female.—Length, 6.4 mm; wing, 5 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne, basal two or three segments light yellow, remainder brown; front, vertex and occiput light yellow; a black spot on the vertex between the eyes.
Thorax: mesothoracic prescutum rich chestnut-brown, lateral and cephalic margin broadly light yellow, this bordered internally by a narrow line of darker brown; pseudosuture light brown, short, tri- angular; scutum like the prescutum; scutellum yellow with a narrow
1 Monographs, vol. 4, pp. 182, 183, male and female. 2 Idem, pp. 180, 181, male and female.
3Idem., p. 181, male and female.
4 Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1900, p. 189, pl. 7, fig. 21.
6 Monographs, vol. 4, pp. 181, 182, male and female,
xo. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIN®—ALEXANDDR. 505
brown median line; post-notum light yellow with a transverse semi- lunar mark on the cephalic margin of the sclerite. Pleure light yellow; a broad chestnut band extending along the dorsal edge of the epipleure, becoming indistinct beyond the wing-basis. Two dark brown bands, one just under the chestnut epipleural band, the other near the venter traversing the coxe, these inclosing between them a rather broad light yellow stripe; sternum light yellow. Halteres light brownish-yellow. Legs light yellow; femora and tibie indistinctly darker at their tips.
Wings hyaline; stigma distinct, oval, dark brown.
Abdomen: caudal margin of tergites brownish-black, remainder of the tergites dull yellow; sternites light brown, darker on the pleural region, especially the first two abdominal segments where they are blackish-brown, formed by the conjunction of the brown thoracic pleural stripes.
Distribution —Aguadilla, Porto Rico; Jan., 1899, female (Aug. Busck, coll.), (see Coquillett). Baracoa, Cuba; Sept., 1901 male (Aug. Busck, coll.). St. Vincent, West Indies (H. H. Smith, coll.), Williston, male and female.
GONOMYIA (LEIPONEURA) PUELLA Williston.
Atarba puella WiuistoN, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, pp. 288, 289, pl. 10, fig. 60, male and female.—Kerresz, Catalogus Dipterorum, vol. 2, 1902, p. 189.— Aupricu, Cat. N. Amer. Dipt., 1905, p. 82.—ENpDERLEIN, Zool. Jahrbuch, 1905.
Atabarba puella Hunter, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1900, p. 290.
Female —Length, 3.4—4 mm; wing, 3.8 mm. Head: rostrum light yellow; antenne, first twosegments brownish-yellow, flagellum brown; front and center of the vertex light yellow; sides of vertex and occi- put grayish.
Thorax: mesonotum, prescutum light brown with a faint dark brown bloom; pseudosuture deep, short, triangular, reddish; lateral margin of the prescutum pale yellowish-white; scutum, scutellum and post-notum light brown; caudal margin of the scutellum brown- ish-yellow. Pleure light brown with a distinct pinkish-white tinge overspreading the sclerites; sternum dull brownish-yellow. Halteres light colored, Imob slightly darker. Legs yellowish-brown through- out. Wings hyaline.
Abdomen: uniformly brown, the sternum and genital segment lighter, yellowish.
Redescribed from two females from San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico (Townsend, coll.), and two of Williston’s female paratypes, from St. Vincent, 1,000 feet.
Distribution—Vera Cruz, Mexico; St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.
506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you, 44.
GONOMYIA (LEIPONEURA) PUER, new species.
Brownish-gray; scutellum pale on caudal margin; pleure plumb- eous, striped with yellow; wings hyaline.
Female.—Length, 4,5-5 mm; wing, 4-4.5 mm. Head: rostrum brownish-yellow; palpi dark brown; antenne light brown; front whitish, flesh color, semituberculate; vertex and occiput bluish-gray pruinose; genx brighter blue-gray.
Thorax: mesonotum, “prescutum brownish-gray except the extreme lateral margin which is light yellow, broadest anteriorly; pseudosuture elongate-triangular, reddish-brown; scutum browuwish- gray, paler medially and on the externo-caudal angles; scutellum yellow; post-notum brownish-gray, thickly blue pruinose. . Pleure plumbeous with a yellow stripe beginning above the fore coxa, con- tinuing caudad to below the halteres, brightest anteriorly; sternum yellowish. Halteres pale, knob slightly darker. Legs: cox and trochanters yellow; femora, tibiz and tarsi yellowish-brown, uniform.
Wings: hyaline, stigma very faintly indicated. (See fig. 14.)
Abdomen: dorsum dark brown; genital segment dull reddish- yellow.
Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14932).
Paratypes.—Females: mesonotum grayish-brown, the cephalic and lateral margins of the prescutum pale, cream-color; pale pleural stripes broader; lateral margins of the abdominal tergites pale on their basal half, giving a semiannulated appearance.
Habiiat.—Holotype—Female, Santo Domingo, West Indies (Aug., 1905), (Busck, coll.).
Paratypes—Females, with the type (San Francisco Mountains; Sept., 1905).
GONOMYIA (GONOMYIA) DELICATA, new species.
Antenne with two basal segments light yellow; head light yellow with a dark line on vertex; mesonotum brown; pleure yellow with distinct brown stripes; legs unicolorous, yellowish-brown; wings hyaline; stigma pale brown.
Female —Length, 4.6 mm.; wing,6mm. Head: rostrum and palpi dark brownish-black; antenne, two basal segments light yellow, remainder dark brownish-black; front and oeciput light yellow; vertex light yellow with a linear dark brown medial stripe; gene faintly tinged with darker.
Thorax: pronotum light yellow with a broad median grayish- brown stripe; mesonotum brown; pseudosuture elongate, triangular, deep, shiny reddish; a pale line from the mesal end of this fovea continuing back to the transverse suture. Lateral margin of the prescutum bright light yellow, broadest behind. Scutum brown, indistinctly paler medially; scutellum light brown; post-notum
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINA—ALBXANDBPR, 507
light yellow, browner in front. Pleure light yellow with two narrow dark brown stripes, the upper continuing from the side of the pro- notum, obliquely caudad to the base of the halteres; the lower short, beginning under the precoxa, running backward to the mesocoxa. Halteres, brownish-white. Legs: coxe and trochanters light yellow; femora, tibze and tarsi yellowish-brown, uniform.
Wings: hyaline, stigma pale brown.
Abdomen: tergum dark brown, uniform; sternum uniform light yellow.
Habitat — Holotype —Female—Totonicipan, Guatemala, Central America (1902), (G. Eisen).
Type—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14933).
Near G. cognatella Osten Sacken; differing in coloration, pleural stripes more distinct, ete.; venation (Se very short, etc.). Delicata has Rs rather long, arcuated at its origin with a slight spur; the distance on R from tip of Se to origin of Rs almost as long as Rs
itself. GONOMYIA (GONOMYIA) UNICOLOR, new species.
Head dark gray; antenne blackish-brown; mesonotum brown; pleure light brown, not striped; legs uniform yellowish-brown; wings hyaline.
Male—Length, 3.9 mm.; wing, 4.6 mm.
Female —Length, 4.8 mm.; wing, 5 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi brown; antenne uniformly dark blackish- brown throughout; front, vertex and occiput uniform blackish-gray.
Thorax: mesonotum, prescutum medium brown; pseudosuture prominent, dark brown; scutum similar to the prescutum; scutellum pale, yellowish; post-notum medium brown. Pleure rich light brown, the sternum rather darker. Halteres brown, paler at the extreme base. Legs: cox, trochanters, femora, tibize and tarsi, yellowish- brown, unicolorous.
Wings: hyaline. (See fig. 15.)
Abdomen: tergum medium brown throughout; hypopygium slightly paler; sternum paler, yellowish.
Habitat— Holotype—Female, Aguna, Guatemala, Central America 2,000 feet), (G. Eisen). Allotype—Male, with the type. Para- type—Male and female, with the type.
Type—In U. S. National Museum collection (No. 14934).
Three specimens, two from Totonicopan, Guatemala, July, 1902, female and male (G. Bisen), and one from Cérdoba, Mexico (May 8, 1908) (F. Knab), are larger, mesonotum more greyish, pseudosuture and tuberculate pits black, conspicuous and venation slightly different. I believe them to be variations of the species. Length, male 6.1 mm.; female, 7 mm. I have labeled them unicolor, var.
508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 44.
Genus SACANDAGA Alexander.
Sacandaga ALEXANDER, Ent. News, 1910, pp. 349-352, figs. 1-3; Idem, 1911, pp. 71-73. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SACANDAGA.
1. Length, 5 mm.; wing, 6-7 mm.; color of the body, yellowish; wings, hyaline. jflava Alexander ! (Eastern U. S.).
Length, 2.9-4.5 mm.; wing, 4-5 mm.; color of the body, brown; wings, gray.
- parva, new species (Greater Antilles).
SACANDAGA PARVA, new species.
Antenne brown; color of body brown; wings gray.
Male.—Length, 2.9 mm.; wing, 4mm. Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne dark brown, the first flagellar segment elon- gated. Eyes widely separated by the very broad front and vertex; front, vertex, and occiput dark blackish-brown with an indistinct sparse gray bloom. <
Thorax: pronotum barely visible from above, dark brown, the sides of the scutellum more yellowish; mesonotum, preescutum rather dark brown; space in front of the pseudosuture more yellowish; pseudo-sutural fovea deep, shiny, dark brownish-black, elongate semilunar; tuberculate pits dark brown, far cephalad, nearer the anterior margin of the sclerite than to the pseudo-suture, separated from one another by a distance equal to about one and one-half the diameter of either; scutum, scutellum, and post-notum dark brown, pleure grayish-brown, region about the wing basis yellowish. Hal- teres yellow at basis, stem and knob brownish; stem with long brown hairs. Legs: coxe and trochanters dull yellow; femora, tibia, and tarsi dark brown.
Wings: gray throughout, costal cell more brownish; veins brown. Venation (see fig. 9): Se quite long, its distance beyond the origin of Rs about two and one-half times the length of cross vein r—m. Se, rather indistinct, far removed from the tip of Se, R rather long, however, the tips of R, and R, are much more widely separated than in S. flava. Rs long, gently arcuated; R,,, much longer than cell R.; R, is missing in its distal portion (an abnormity rather than a specific character); R, short, almost perpendicular; eross vein r-m and the basal deflection of R,,; subequal. Basal deflection of M,,, practically gone, M being almost in a line with M,..; second anal long bisinuated. Cell first M, not so regularly hexagonal as in flava, anal angle very prominent.
Abdomen: tergum dark brown, sternum brownish-yellow on basal five segments.
Female—Length, 4.6 mm.; wing, 5 mm. Similar but larger; abdominal sternum darker, brown; valves of the ovipositor yellowish.
1 Ent. News, vol. 22, 1910, pp. 349-352, figs. 1-3, male and female.
—_—
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIN®—ALEXANDER. 509
Habitat.—Holotype.—Male, Yallahs Valley, Blue Mountains, Ja- maica, Feb. 24,1911. Allotype-—Female, San Francisco Mountains, Santo Domingo, Sept. 27, 1905 (Aug. Busck, coll.).
Holotype-—In American Museum of Natural History.
Allotype.—In U.S. National Museum collection. (No. 14,930).
The discovery of this tiny species in the Greater Antilles is interest- ing. Its only known relative, S. flava, was but recently described from the Eastern United States. The present insect is in perfect generic agreement with flava in its shortened antenne, prominent anal angle, sinuosity of second anal, ete.
Genus CRYPTOLABIS Osten Sacken.
Cryptolabis OstEN SacKEN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 224; Mono- graphs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 185; Studies, etc., pt. 2, 1887, p. 205.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CRYPTOLABIS.
1. Rs short, so that the cell first R, forms a rough equilateral triangle; Rs shorter than the free portion of M; beyond the deflection of Cu,...............-.--2----- 2: Rs long, so that the cell first R, forms a triangle that is not equilateral; Rs longer than the free portion of M, beyond the deflection of Cu,
tropicalis, new species (Central America).
2. Thorax wholly grayish-brown; head dark brown; antennz brown bisinuata Doane! (West. U. S.). Thorax pale but with three black stripes, the middle one double; head blackish; SN tenn 6s DISCK 07-2) 5<ie ce ie «cs eee paradozxa Osten Sacken? (East. U. S.).
CRYPTOLABIS TROPICALIS, new species.
Pale, yellowish-brown; radial sector elongate.
Male.—Length, 3-3.8 mm.; wing, 4.4 mm. Head: rostrum and palpi brown; basal segment of the antenne brown, remainder of the antenne dark brown; eyes elongate-ovate, rather approximated; front brown; vertex narrow between the eyes; vertex and occiput light yellow.
Thorax: pronotum light yellow; mesonotum: prescutum light yellowish-brown with an olive tinge; scutum, scutellum, and post- notum yellowish-brown. Pleure pale whitish-yellow with a light brown line extending from the prosternum obliquely to the base of
the halteres. Halteres light yellowish. Legs: coxe, trochanters,
femora, tibix, light brownish-yellow, the hind femora lightest yellow; tip of the tibia darker; tarsi light yellowish; segments 4 and 5 darker, brown. Wings hyaline, veins brown, except C, Sc, and R, which are yellow. (See fig. 8.)
Abdomen: tergum brown; genital segment light yellow; sternum light yellow.
A paratype differs in having the rostrum, palpi and front more yellowish; thoracic dorsum more distinctly tinged with brown; the second paratype has a more reddish tinge to the prescutum.
1 Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 8, pp. 189, 190, pl. 7, fig. 22, male. 2 Monographs, vol. 4, p. 186, pl. 2, fig. 11, male and female.
510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 44.
Habitat. Holotype-——Male, Trece Aguas, Cacao, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, April 23, 1906 (Barber and Schwarz, coll.). Para- types.—Two, same locality and collector; April 27.
Type.—In U.S. National Museum eollection (No. 14929).
Genus MOLOPHILUS Curtis.
Molophiius Curtis, British Entomology, 1833, p. 444.—OsTEN Sacken, Mono- graphs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 162.
KEY TO THE NEOTROPICAL SPECIES OF MOLOPHILUS,
1. Color black; fore and hind tibie with long fringes of hairs. thaumastopodus, new species (Brazil). Color light grayish-brown; tibize without conspicuous fringes of hairs. guatemalensis, new species (Central America).
MOLOPHILUS THAUMASTOPODUS, new species.
Dull greyish-black; fore and hind tibize with long fringes of hair; wings and halteres dark.
Female.—Length, 4.2 mm; wing, 4.1 mm.; fore leg, femur, 3 mm; tibia and tarsus, 5 mm.; middle leg, femur, 2.6 mm; tibia and tarsus, 3.7 mm.; hind leg, femur, 4.6 mm; tibia and tarsus, 6 mm.; head: rostrum and palpi brownish-black; antenne dark brown, each seg- ment somewhat paler at the base; antenne rather long, the seg- ments oval, with long blackish hairs. Front, vertex and occiput dull grayish-black.
Thorax: dorsum dull grayish-black throughout ; pseudosuture black. Pleurze uniform dull blackish. Halteres black, light brown at the base. Foreleg: cox and trochanters yellowish-brown; femur brown, paler on the basal half, slender basally, stout apically, with long dark brown hairs appressed internally, subappressed externally, tibia slender, dark, blackish, with a patch of white hairs near the base on the outer side; a long fringe of black hairs on the same side, four or five times as long as the diameter of the tibia; tarsus black, segment 1 with the basal half white on the external side; tarsus clothed with long appressed hairs. Middle leg: coxa and trochanter dull yellowish- brown; femora rather uniform dark brown, with long appressed hairs; tibia dark brownish-black, a small white spot on the side near the base; tarsi dark brownish-black, a few white hairs at the base of segment 1. Hind leg: coxa and trochanter dull yellowish-brown; femora paler basally, dark brownish-black on the apical half, very slender at origin, but stout at the tip, at the extreme tip, on the outer side, a patch of white hairs; tibia slender, dark brownish-black, hairs long, appressed on basal third; on apical two-thirds, the hairs stand out straight on four sides, being from seven to eight times as long as the diameter of the tibia; tarsus, segment 1 black, with long black hairs on the outer face, appressed internally; segments two to five with long white hairs externally, short black ones internally.
ul
xo. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIND®—ALEXANDER. 511
Wings blackish-gray; veins with long black hairs; venation (see fig. 12); wings metallic in lights.
Abdomen: tergum black except the genital segment, which is dark brown; tips of the ovipositor yellow; sternum dark brown.
Habitat.—Holotype—Female, Para, Brazil (No. 6316 on slip) (C. F. Baker, coll.).
Paratype-—Female, Igarape Assti, Paré, Brazil, Jan. 21, 1912. (H. S. Parish, coll.).
Holotype.—In U. S. National Museum collection. (No. 14927).
Paratype.—In Cornell University collection.
MCLOPHILUS GUATEMALENSIS, new species.
General color light grayish brown; antenne rather short, dark brown; legs normal.
Male.—Length, 4.8 mm.; wing,5 mm. Head: palpi and rostrum dark brownish black; antennze dark brown, rather short; front, ver- tex, gen, and occiput uniformly dull gray; hind margin of the head broadly rounded.
Thorax: light grayish-brown; mesonotum: prescutum with a row of brown hairs on either side of the median line ; pseudo-suture elongate- triangular, dark brown, connected with the lateral margin of the sclerite by a narrow depressed line; tuberculate pits jet black, rather far forward, about midway between the pseudo-suture and the cephalic margin of the prescutum, closely approximated, the distance between them less than the diameter of either one. Scutum grayish; scutellum light yellowish-brown; post-notum grayish. Pleure gray- ish-blue, darkest on the mesoepipleurs. Halteres light yellowish- brown.
Feet: cox and trochanters light yellowish-brown; femora light brown, darkest apically; tibize yellowish-brown, tip dark brownish- black; tarsi black.
Wings: tinged with brown.
Abdomen: tergum dark brown clothed with long yellowish hairs; genitalia paler, yellow.
Habitat —Holotype.—Male, Guatemala (probably Guatemala City), Cent. Am.; Sept. 10, 1902 (G. Eisen, coll.).
Type.—In U. S. National Museum collection (No. 14928).
Genus HELOBIA Le Peletier.
Helobia Le Petetier, Encycl. Méth., Ins., vol. 10, 1825, p. 585. Symplecta Meicen, Syst. Beschr., vol. 6, 1830, p. 282. Idioneura Pamuirrt, Verh. Zodl.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 15, 1865, p. 615. Symplectomorpha Mix, Wien. Ent. Zeitung, vol. 5, 1886, p. 318. In the material from the United States National Museum there were six specimens that I have determined as the almost cosmopolitan species, H. hybrida Meigen. It is very probable that H. macroptera
512 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 44.
Philippi! will prove to be the same species. The .data for this material are:
Totonicipan, Guatemala, Central America, 1902 (G. Eisen, coll.), 3 males, 2 females. Antigua, Guatemala, Central America, 1 female.
Genus ERIOPTERA Meigen.
Erioptera Metcen, Illiger’s Magazine, vol. 2, 1803, p. 262.
Chemalida RonvAnt, Prodromus Dipt. Italice, vol. 1, 1856, p. 180.
Limnxa Ronpant, Prodromus Dipt. Italic, vol. 1, 1856, p. 181.
Tlisia RonvANI, Prodromus Dipt. Italice, vol. 1, 1856, p. 182.
Limnoica Ronvant, Prodromus Dipt. Italicee, vol. 4, 1861, Corrigenda, p. 11. Trichosticha ScutNeR, Wien. Ent. Monatschr., vol. 7, 1863, p. 221.
Erioptera OstEN SACKEN, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 146.
The subgenera of the genus ERIOPTERA Meigen.
Zrioptera MretceEn, Illigers Magazine, vol. 2, 1803, p. 262. Cheilotrichia Rosst, Verz. 6sterreich. Dipt., 1848, p. 12. Acyphona OstEN SACKEN, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 151. Hoplolabis OsteEN Sacken, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 152. Mesocyphona Osten Sacken, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 152. Empeda OstEN SackeNn, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 183.
Of these subgenera, Mesocyphona and Empeda ure the only ones definitely known to occur in the Neotropical fauna. The great majority of species fall within the JMesocyphona group, which, in the tropics, shows quite a diversity of wing and leg patterns. The genus will probably prove to be a very extensive one when more extended collections are made.
In his Catalogue, E. Lynch Arribalzaga gives Erioptera ( Mesocy- phona) hirsutipes Macquart, described from tne Canary Islands, and which Osten Sacken placed in Trimicra. There is certainly an error in this determination, and I have omitted the species from the list.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MESOCYPHONA.
1. Wings with dark or light spots.25,.00<25--52<cns56- ss soe ee ee OF Wines unspotted, hyaline:or nearly 80-< = 22 --- open ope = tee i ll. 2. Wings light colored with darker, more or less distinct spots. state E ae Wings dark colored, at least on the cells C, Sc, and R, with enter is and dots. 4, 3. Femora, tibise, and tarsi conspicuously sumed annulipes Williston (Lesser Antilles, Brazil). Femora, with one subapical ring; tibia and tarsi unicolorous. parva Osten Sacken ? (East. U. §., Brazil). 4, Large species (wing 6 mm. in length). ......-.. splendida, new species (C. Amer.). Smaller'species(wing 4 mmvor less)/2 = se. cees = == =e ee ee eee 5. . Centers of cells M, Cu, and A of the wings almost hyaline, colorless. knabi, new species (Mexico). Centers of cells M, Cu, and A of the wings, although paler than cells C, Sc, and R, more or less tinged with pray or bYGWwD) s2- == see. oases se see een eee 6.
u
1 Verh. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 15, 1865, p. 615, pl. 23, fig. 4. 2 Monographs, vol. 4, p. 162, male and female.
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINY—ALBEXANDDR. 518 ,
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MESOCYPHONA—continued- 6. Spots on the wings scanty, twenty or less......... eiseni, new species (C. Amer.). Spot Ol WN WhO PORUMGNOUS <5 - eee Renet anise sie ian eet ie heen aisle ara tate 7 . Mesonotum with a dark line on either side of the pale median vitta; tuberc ulate pitaibetween the dark lines. SF ceeera a esos owes citaateee soe iaie aoe oe pes 8. Mesonotum with three very narrow dark lines; the median one passing between thetuberculate pits. - =. 5.2 <2, .0-e sec eae. new species (C. Amer., Cuba). 8. Mesonotum clear gray; pleural stripes clear-cut, distinct. distincta Alexander ! (Southwest. U. S.). Mesonotum yellowish; pleural stripes not clear-cut; indistinct...............-- 9. 9. Spots on the wings not occurring in the cells; femora with a subapical brown band (Ty anid AR REcibnc COASA One aE ESO ae dulcis Osten Sacken ? (West. U.S.). Spots on the wings numerous inside the cells; femora with a medial and subapical [vee canu PNG Loi le Eee SERN BA Sane nee ee (caloptera group) 10. 10. Lighter colored northern form; hind femora with the post-medial yellow band as wide as the subapical dark band, caloptera caloptera Osten Sacken * (East. U. S.). Dark southern form; hind femora with the post-medial yellow band much narrower than the subapical dark band, caloptera femoranigra, new subspecies (Cent. Amer.). 11. Femora with a single dark subapical band, immaculata, new species (Mexico, Cent. Amer.). Femora with two dark bands. ..........-...-.- bicinctipes, new species (Brazil).
s
ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) ANNULIPES Williston.
Erioptera annulipes Wuu1ston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 294, female— Hunter, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1900, p. 290.—Kerrtesz, Catalogus Dip- terorum, vol. 2, 1902, p. 200.—A.pricu, Cat. N. Amer. Dipt., 1905, p. 84.— ENDERLEI, Zool. Jahrbuch, 1912, pp. 54, 55, fig. G1, female.
Male.—Head: rostrum and palpi brown; antenne brown; front, vertex and occiput clear light gray.
Thorax: mesonotal prescutum light brown; dorsal stripes very indistinct, close together; pseudosuture shallow, elongate, pale, tuberculate tips black, close together, the space between them about equal to the diameter of one; scutum and post-notum similar to preescutum; scutellum pallid, yellowish, with two indistinct dorsal lines. Pleurz light brown, stripes indistinct, the pale white band between the second and third dark stripe, indistinct, narrow; sternum whitish. Halteres white throughout. Hind leg: coxa and trochanter pale yellow; femur long, white, with four blackish-brown rings, sub- basal, premedian, post-median, and subapical, the last broadest; tibia white with three rings, subbasal, median, and subapical, the last narrowest; first tarsal segment black at base and tip; segments 3 to 5 all black. Middle leg similar to hind leg, but first femoral band is very small, indistinct, ths others gradually wider. Fore leg, similar to hind leg, but only three femoral bands.
! Psyche, vol. 19, Dec., 1912, pp. 165, 166. 2 Western Diptera, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 198, 199 (April, 1877). 3 Monographs, vol. 4, pp. 161, 162, male and female.
69077 °—Proe.N.M.vol.44—13
29 vo
514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. you. 44.
Wings hyaline, costa and subcosta indistinctly dark above the origin of Rs, at Sc,, at tip of Se,, tip of R,, and tip of R,; veins com- posing the cord darker.
Abdomen: light brown, with a dark median tergal stripe.
Allotype-—Male, Aguna, Guatemala, Central America (G. Eisen).
One male with the allotype; one female taken at Igarape Assi, Para, Brazil, January 19, 1912 (Parish, coll.).
Ranges from St. Vincent to Brazil.
ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) PARVA, var. BRASILIENSIS, new subspecies.
Similar to the typical parva of the eastern United States, but much darker in coloration. The color of the body is dark brown, not brownish-yellow, especially pronounced on the abdomen which is uniform in pattern (see fig. 27).
Habitat—Fifty-five specimens taken at Igarape Assti, Para, Brazil, from January 19-February 7, 1912 (Parish, coll.). All of this large
series were females. - _Holotype.—Cornell University collection.
Paratypes.—In author’s collection, American Museum of Natural History, Academy of Natural Sciences, and U.S. National Museum collections.
ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) SPLENDIDA, new species.
Large species; wing 6 mm. long; vertex variegated; mesonotum pale brownish-gray, bi-vittate dorsally; wing grayish-brown, spotted and dotted with white.
Male—Length, 4 mm.; wing 6 mm.
Female.—Length, 4.7 mm.; wing, 6.1 mm.
Male.—Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenn, second seg- ment oval, tumid, two basal segments brown; flagellum, first five seg- ments cream color; remainder darker, brown. Front brown; vertex pale cream color nearest the eyes, in the center dark brownish-black; occiput and extreme median portion of the vertex grayish-yellow; the dorsal aspect of the head appears to have a dark V on a light ground.
Thorax: pronotum broader behind, prolonged cophalad into a long point; scutellum narrow, interrupted medially by a shallow fovea, pale brownish-gray. Mesonotum: preescutum with the tuber- culate pits separated from one another by a distance equal to from one to two times the diameter of either tubercle; pseudosuture present as a deep linear hollow exteneing from the lateral margin of the sclerite, just above the spiracle, toward the median line; this hollow is broadest at either end, constricted or interrupted
near its middle. Prascutum pale brownish-gray; lateral margins —
dark brown, broadest caudad, confluent in front; a longitudinal
xo. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINY—ALEXANDER. 515
stripe on either side of the middle line, this stripe narrow in front, broader behind, continuing almost to the suture, not touch- ing the tuberculate pits; on the side of the sclerite, anterior to the pseudosuture, the ground color is brighter, yellowish; seutum similar in ground color, a forked brown stripe on either side which is a prolongation of the median prescutal stripes; scutellum grayish, paler behind; post notum gray with a brown median stripe; tuber- culate pits and pseudosuture dark brown. Pleure grayish with three oblique brown bands; one (dorsal) passing through the mesothoracic spiracle; the second from the foreleg to the meta-notum; between these two, a yellow line extending from the cervical sclerites caudad; third dark band passes just above the mesocoxa; the second and third stripes delimit a broad, conspicuous, silvery-white area; sternum gray. Halteres light yellow, the knob darker, brownish. Legs: coxa brown; trochanter, paler, yellow; femora yellow with a brown subapical ring; tibia and tarsus light yellow, the apical two tarsal segments darker, brown.
Wings: grayish-brown with numerous white spots and dots abundantly sprinkled in all the cells; the larger spots being (1) in base of cells R and M; (2) at the origin of Rs; (3) at Sc, extending from the costa to the sector; (4) at the tip of Se, and (5) along the basal deflection of Cu,, the veins brown except where the spots en- croach upon them where they are yellowish-white. (See fig. 28.")
Abdomen: tergum yellowish-brown, with a narrow black median stripe and a broader lateral one; sternum yellowish.
Habitat.— Holotype —Male, Totonicipan, Guatemala, C. Am.; 1902 (G. Eisen). Allotype—Female, with the holotype. Paratype—Male, with the holotype.
Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14922).
ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) KNABI, new species.
Vertex grayish-brown, unicolorous; mesonotum dull gray, dorsal stripes very narrow; pleural stripes rather indistinct; apical half of femora dark; costal and sub-costal cells of wing dark with a few large spots.
Female.—Length, 4mm; wing, 4.2mm. Head: rostrumand palpi dark brown; antenne uniformally brown; front, vertex and occiput grayish-brown with a darker linear brown spot on vertex.
Thorax: pronotum white, the scutellum pale brown on the middle line, giving the appearance of being divided. Mesonotum: pre- scutum dull gray; the extreme lateral margins narrowly white; continued caudad from the end of the prothoracic scutellum; a broad sublateral band beginning near the pseudosuture, continuing caudad, indistinct, brown. The lateral bands on either side of the broad
1 In the figure, No. 28, the vein Sc was accidentally omitted.
516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44.
medial ground band very narrow, far removed from the tuberculate pits. Tuberculate pits separated from one another by a distance equal to one and one-half the diameter of either; pseudosuture elongate, rather deep; pits and pseudosuture shiny black. The space in front of the pseudosuture pale, whitish. Scutum dull gray with two brown stripes on either side of the middle line, continuations of the prescutal stripes; scutellum pale, grayer anteriorly, a large oval brown medial spot; post-notum dull gray with a narrow black medial line. Pleural stripes rather indistinct; ground color whitish with two oblique brownish bands, one along the dorsal edge of the epipleural sclerites, the second along the ventral edge of these sclerites; sternum gray with two indistinct brown bands. Halteres pale, knob darker. Legs—Fore: brownish yellow; femora, apical half dark brown with a subapical band of pale yellow hairs; tibia dark basally, remainder of tibia and three basal tarsal segments whitish; two apical tarsal segments brown. Middle: femora, dull yellow with an apical brown band; tibia and tarsi as in the foreleg. Hind: femora, apical half dark brown with a very narrow yellow subapical band; tarsi and tibiz as in the foreleg.
Wing: cells A, Cu, M and caudal half of R almost hyaline; cells C, Se and cephalic half of R brown with large spots; one at the base, one at the origin of Rs, one at Se,, one at cross vein 7 and fork of Ri; apices of cells R,, R;, M,, brown; also narrow margins along most of the veins in the caudal half of the wing. (See fig. 25.)
Abdomen: brown, apices of the tergal segments paler.
Male.—Similar to the female but has a narrow brown line running along the middle of the mesothoracic preescutum, making the thoracie dorsum tri-vittate; this stripe ends far before the suture; the brown on the wings is less extensive, producing a very pale picture. Legs rather darker, especially the middle femora.
Habitat.— Holotype.—Female, Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, Mexico (Fredk. Knab). Allotype.—Male, Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz, Mexico, December 14, 1907 (F. Knab). Paratype—Sex (%), Acapulco, Mexico (F. Knab).
Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14924).
ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) EISENI, new species.
Vertex variegated; mesonotum light brownish-yellow; pleural stripes rather distinct; wings brownish, the spots only on the veins, few in number (about 16) and subequal.
Male.—Length, 3.3-3.6 mm; wing, 3.1-3.2 mm.
Female.—Length, 3-3.3 mm; wing, 3.2-3.4 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne pale yellow throughout; outer margin of the front and vertex along the inner side of the eye, light yellow; rest of the head brown.
Thorax: pronotum, scutum light yellow; scutellum pale whitish. Mesonotum: prescutum light brownish-yellow, extreme lateral mar-
:
no. 1966. SYVOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINE—ALEXANDER. 517
gins of the sclerite white, caudad of this broadly brownish, especially behind; the stripe confluent in front; a rather broad uniform stripe on either side of the middle line; tuberculate pits and pseudosuture very pale, reddish; the pseudo-suture very shallow, not prominent, located in the pale patch between the brown prescutal stripes. Seutum yellowish-brown with four stripes, continuations of the uninterrupted preescutal stripes; scutellum and post-notum yellow- ish-brown, the latter darker medially. Pleure light brown; a narrow white oblique stripe runs from the cervical region back toward the wing-basis; a very broad white area, originating behind the precoxa, running backward obliquely to the halteres, narrowest anteriorly. Sternum pale greyish-brown with a pale stripe across the post and meso coxe. Halteres white except the knob, which is darker. Legs: coxe and trochanters white; femora pale yellowish, palest at the extremities, with an indistinct brown subapical ring; tibie and tarsi pale’ yellowish-white, last two tarsal segments darker.
Wings: costal, subcostal, and radial cells brown; median, cubital and anal cells grey; about sixteen large rounded spots on the wing arranged about as follows: (1), in base of cell R; (2), under origin of Rs; (3), at Se,; (4), at tip of Se,; (5), at tip of R,; (6), at fork of R,,,; (7), several confluent along the cord; (8), at the tip of each of the longitudinal veins; (9), at fork of M,,., and (10), in cell R,. (See fig. 26.)
Abdomen: brown with an indistinct darker median line on the tergum.
Habitat.— Holotype.—Male, Aguna, Guatemala, Central America (2,000 feet) (G. Eisen). Allotype.—Female, with the type. Para- types.—Three males, three females with the type.
Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14923).
ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) COSTALIS, new species.
Vertex unicolorous, clear brown; mesonotum clear brown, narrowly trivittate; pleural stripes indistinct. Legs pale except a narrow subapical band on femora; costal and subcostal cells of wings dark with a few small dots.
Male.—Length, 2.8mm.; wing,2.9mm. Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne, front, vertex and occiput clear light brown. _ Thorax: pronotum light yellow, the scutellum rather darker me- dially. Mensonotu: prescutum uniformly light brown with three very narrow indistinct dark brown lines, the medial one beginning at the cephalic margin of the sclerite, continuing backward, passing between the tuberculate pits; lateral stripes indistinct at the ends, strongly bent proximad near the middle by the pseudosuture. Tuber- culate pits separated from one another by a distance equal to one and one-half the diameter of either; pits black; pseudosuture elongate
518 PROCEEDIN Gs or THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44.
deep, pale reddish; scutum grayish brown, trivittate; scutellum, gray, broadly two-striped; post-notum dark. Pleure uniformly light brown without conspicuous stripes. Halteres pale, knob brown. Legs: brownish yellow, a narrow dark subapical ring on the femora.
Wings: cells C and Se rather dark brown, with a few small incon- spicuous dots; caudal cells pale, subhyaline. The picture of the wing is that of a dark costal area and the remainder of the wing pale. (See fig. 24.)
Abdomen: yellowish brown, a median tergal stripe, broadest on the first segment; lateral margin of the tergites darker.
Female.—Length, 5.7 mm; wing, 4.3 mm. Larger, the caudal cells of the wing darker, numerously dotted and sprinkled with paler.
Habitat.— Holotype.—Male, Aguna, Guatemala, C. Am. (G. Eisen, coll.). Allotype.—Female, Cayamas, Cuba, March 18 (KE. A. Schwarz); (in house).
Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14925).
ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) CALOPTERA Say; FEMORANIGRA, new subspecies.
Like caloptera Say in its variegated vertex, yellowish mesonotum, wing pattern, etc., but much darker in coloration, especially in the posterior femora.
Prescutal pits separated by a distance not greater than the diame- ter of one; located on the proximal edge of the dorsal thoracic stripes, these stripes as wide as, or wider than, the pale dorsal median stripe; hind femora largely black, the yellow being confined to the extreme tip, the base, and a narrow post medial ring.
This subspecies is closely allied to the more northern caloptera in its coloration and structure; the indistinct brown pleural stripes, the shape and position of the prescutal stripes, the wing pattern, etc. A notable and apparently constant difference, however, is in the posterior femora which are mostly black in the tropical form, the antepenultimate (yellow) ring being narrower than the penulimate (black) ring, and other clearly defined differences. In some speci- mens the last black ring is continued to the tip of the femur, obliter- ating the yellow apex of the segment. This is apparently merely a dar id southern form of the species.
Habitat.— Holotype.—Female, Juan Vinas, Costa Rica, May 2, 1910; (P. P. Calvert) (in house). Paratypes. —Three females, ‘with the type.
Type.—In Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.
ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) IMMACULATA, new species.
Vertex brown anteriorly, more yellow behind; mesonotum grayish- yellow, stripes broad; pleural stripes distinct; femora with a narrow sub-apical band; wings unspotted
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIN®—ALEXANDER. 519
Male.—Length, 2.3 mm; wing, 2.9 mm.
Female.—Length, 2.2-3.4 mm.; wing, 3.9—4 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi brown; antenne, two basal segments dark brown, flagellum brown with pale, hairs; front and vertex brown, the caudal portion of the vertex and the occiput dull yellow.
Thorax: pronotum light yellow above, on sides deep brownish- black forming a U-shaped mark around the scutum. Mesonotum: extreme lateral edges of the prescutum pale white, pale median stripe rather broad, grayish-yellow, pale lateral stripes, strongly tinged with brown, the usual brown stripes, broad, distinct; scutum brownish-yellow with four brown stripes; scutellum pale; post- notum pale, darker caudad. Tuberculate pits dark brown, sepa- rated from one another by a distance equal to from one and one-half to two tumes the diameter of either. Pseudosuture rather deep, elongate, broadest at the proximal end, pale brown. Pleure with distinct alternate dark and pale stripes, there being three brown and two pale, the second pale band is broad, silvery white; sternum dull gray. Halteres pale, knob brown. Legs: coxa grayish; trochanter yellow; femora dark yellow with a narrow brown subapical ring; tibiz and tarsi yellow, the tarsal segments 3 to 5 darker, brownish.
Wings: hyaline unmarked; veins brown; costa more yellowish; an indication of darker along vein Cu. (See fig. 20.)
Abdomen: tergum dark brown, with no distinct darker median stripe; sternum brown.
Habitat.— Holotype.—Male, Bluefield, Nicaragua, November, 1900 (L. A. Wailes). Allotype-—Female, Cérdoba, Mexico, December 25, ' 1907 (F. Knab). Paratypes.—One female, one male, Aguna, Guate- mala (D. G. Eisen); one female, Cérdoba, Mexico, December 23, 1907 (F. Knab).
Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14926).
The Guatemalan specimens are very small, but undoubtedly belong to the same species.
ERIOPTERA (MESOCYPHONA) BICINCTIPES, new species.
Resembles E. immaculata of Mexico and Central America in its unspotted wings. It differs as follows: Flagellum of the antenne much lighter colored (yellow) than the brown scape. Thorax: pronotum light colored (whitish) with a V-shaped mark on the scutum, very conspicuous. Mesonotum: yellowish, brown stripes not clear cut. Femora with the usual subapical brown band and with a subequal post-median band, this latter marking less strongly indicated on the forelegs.
Ten specimens, one male, nine females.
520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you, 44.
Habitat.— Holotype—Male, Igarape Assu, Para, Brazil, January 25, 1912 (Parish Coll.). Allotype-—Female, with the type, February 7, 1912. Paratypes.—Hight females, with the type.
Type.—In Cornell University collection. Paratypes in author’s collection.
ERIOPTERA (EMPEDA) NIGROLINEATA Enderlein. Empeda nigrolineata ENDERLEIN, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, 1912, pp. 56, 57, fig. H’.
The species is allied to E. stigmatica Osten Sacken, especially, in the variety pubescens. This race differs in having the pubescence of the wing, lack of the stigmal spot, and in color. Typical nigrolineata can not be mistaken for stigmatica by its very striking coloration.
A redescription of typical nigrolineata, based on forty specimens, is as follows:
Male.—Length, 3-3.3 mm.; wing, 4.8-5 mm.
Female.—Length, 3.9-5 mm.; wing, 5.1-6 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi dull yellow, the latter more brownish; antenne brown; front, vertex, and occiput brown, the vertex paler, yellow, in the vicinity of the eyes.
Thorax: light reddish-brown with a dark brownish-grey median stripe, broadest on the pronotum, where the whole sclerite is included, narrowing behind, becoming indistinct before the suture. Tuber- culate pits close together, separated by a distance about equal to the diameter of one; pseudo-suture pale, reddish, shiny. Lateral margins of the prescutum pale yellow, scutum, scutellum and post-notum light reddish-brown. Pleurz yellow, with a faint bluish tinge; no stripes. Haltere light yellow, knob shghtly darker, brownish. Legs dull yellow, the tarsi darker, yellowish-brown.
Wings hyaline; veins light brownish-yellow.
Abdomen: light yellowish-red, base darker, brown; hypopygium yellow.
I have had for study a series of 49 specimens from the United States National Museum collection. These were collected by G. Eisen, Totonicipan, Guatemala, Central America, July, 1902. Forty of these are referable to typical nigrolineata; nine are referable to the following variety:
ERIOPTERA NIGROLINEATA, var. PUBESCENS, new subspecies.
The head above is uniformly light grey, the dark stripe of the throacic dorsum broad, on the prescutum expanded out over the entire sclerite with the exception of the anterior margin and the space in front of the pseudo suture. Pleure greyish with an indistinct broad yellowish stripe above the foreleg and running caudad beyond the wing basis; wings strongly tinged with yellow at the bases; a distinct, though sparse, pubescence in all of the cells of the wings.
7
bo wb
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINE—ALEXANDER. 5
Genus SIGMATOMERA Osten Sacken.
Sigmatomera OstEN SackeEN, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, pp. 137, 138. 1. Cell first M, distinct; brown crossband on the wing narrow, confined to the cord
(exico) ss. 058 sets ete Ee Re sd flavipennis Osten Sacken.! 2. Cell first My not distinct (cross vein m obliterated); brown crossband broad; base and tip of the wing brown (Brazil)...................- amazonica Westwood .*
No representatives of this genus were included in the material studied. Genus GNOPHOMYIA Osten Sacken. Gnophomyia OstEN SacKEN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 222.
Furina Jannicxe, Abhandl. Senckenb, Ges., vol. 6, 1867, p. 318—OsTeNn SackeN, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 172; Studies, etc., pt. 2, 1887, p. 198-
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GNOPHOMYIA.
eS OTORS VOU: ADSON tos oeisisie sa ose ates sie aperta Coquillett (S. W. Caneee) 2 Cross vein m present ............: Pode SRE E bese s 50> (Oana CO ABE EPBEE SEH REE aba es 2. Wings uniform in coloration without dark fascie .....................-....... 3. Wings light colored with dark fasciz, or dark colored with white fascia ....... 9. 3. Wings strongly tinged with blackish or dark brown, uniform. ................. 4. Wingsisnbhysline;jor veryislightly darker ss. .<2:ocos<. sccc-scoc cess esos Jecese 8. 4. Halteres with the knob yellow. ....... iristissima Osten Sacken* (Eastern U.§.). Halferestentirealw danke Colored neces smisctte scenic ves sie miveecccn cede ce ceians 2 De SMELL Ka AC Keane ceeretmerere ela (See eee tee or on tec tey ce s tet See 6. HM Oraixs OFAN SOs «ese os se eae get ee atest se seas Seiden stelercletele it 6. Small species (length about 4 mm); wings infumed with violaceous; stigma SEG WWE epee ee aye a ea male a Lila nigrina Wiedemann® (Brazil). Larger species (length about 6-7 mm); wings nearly black; costal cell darker; no distinct stigma .....-.....-.. luctuosa Qsten Sacken (E. U. 8.; Cent. Am.). @ AbGOMen DISC) se ean oem aerials eel rufithorax Wiedemann (Brazil). Abdomen orange......-. Dado poSHc coSNOERObeSe magnifica, new species (Mexico).
8. Dark rust red; wings uniformly tinged with brown. ferruginea Williston ® (Mexico).
Greyish brown; wings very faintly tinged with brown; an indistinct hyaline
cross band beyond the cord ..... subhyalina, new species (Cent. Am., Brazil).
9. Wings subhyaline with two brown fascia -...............-2..-.0 pnOusEo RSS 10. Wings brown with two subhyaline crossbands.
caloptera Osten Sacken? (Brazil, probably).
10. Body, halteres and legs altogether black.......... osten sackeni Skuse ® (Brazil).
Body light yellow, with brown marks............-- hirsuta, new species (Brazil).
I have not included in the above table, Gnophomyia (2) stupens Walker® on the grounds that it is unrecognizable. In the original description, the venation is compared to a Tricyphona, but Osten Sacken says that it is a Gnophomyia. No species known to me has
1 Monographs, Dipt. N. Amer., vol. 3, p. ix (supplement, Smiths. Mise. Coll., No. 256 (1873) ). ? Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 366, pl. 17, fig. 3.
* Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1905, p. 58.
4 Monographs, vol. 4, p. 175, pl. 2, fig. 5 (wing); male and female.
6 Auss. Zweifl. Ins., 1828, vol. 1, p. 37 (Limnobia).
§ Biologia Centrali-Americana, Diptera, vol. 1 (supplement), Dec., 1900, p. 226, female.
7 Studies on Tipulide, pt. 2, Berl. Ent. Zeit., 1887, pp. 199, 200, male and female.
® Osten Sacken, Idem, p. 200, female.
* Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., new ser., vol. 5, 1860, p. 333 (Limnobia).
522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44.
brown on the costa and along the veins, and at the same time is large enough (12 mm) to answer this description. It agrees very well with the Mexican Trimicre.
GNOPHOMYIA LUCTUOSA Osten Sacken.
Gnophomyia luctuosa OSTEN SAcCKEN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 224, male; Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 174; Cat. Dipt. N. Amer., 1878, p. 30; Berl. Ent. Zeit., vol. 31, 1887, p. 198.—Jonnson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 320.—Kerresz, Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, 1902, p. 210.—A.pricH, Cat. N. Amer., Dipt., 1905, p. 87. Limnobia nigricola WatkeER, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 333. One female from Guatemala, Central America (Sept., 1902) (Coll. G. Eisen.). Length, 6 mm.; wing, 6.3 mm. Specimen in U. S. National Museum collection. (See fig. 29.)
$ GNOPHOMYIA RUFITHORAX Wiedemann.
Timnobia rufithoras Wrepemann, Auss. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, 1828, p. 548, male.
Furina rufithorax JmnNeke, Abhandl. Senckenber. Ges., vol. 6, 1867, p. 318, pl. 43, fig. 1.
Gnophomyia rufithorax OsteN SackEN, Berl. Ent. Zeit., vol. 31, 1887, p. 198.— Hunter, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1900, p. 291.—Kerresz, Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, 1902, p. 211.
Male.—Somewhat injured, head missing.
Thorax: pronotum black, reddish along the caudal margin. Mesonotum: yellowish-orange, darker, brownish, behind. Pleure orange, the meso- and meta-coxe orange at the bases. Legs black.
Wings brown, posterior cells paler. “Gee fig. 32.)
Abdomen black
Male, wing 11.5 mm.
Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil (March) (H. H. Smith, coll.) (speci- men in American Museum of Natural History).
GNOPHOMYIA MAGNIFICA, new species.
Head, legs and wings black; thorax and abdomen orange-yellow.
Female.—Length 14 mm.; wing, 13 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brownish-black. Eyes rather approximated; antenne entirely black. Front, vertex and gene black, occiput dull orange-yellow; front shiny.
Thorax: pronotum, scutum bright orange-yellow, darker in front, paler behind; scutellum narrow, transverse, pale yellow. Meso- notum: prescutum deep orange-yellow without stripes, a row of hairs along either side of the middle prominence, passing mesad of the pseudosutural fovea, a rounded whitish spot occupying the region of the pseudo-suture, lateral margins of the sclerite paler, light yellow; scutum, scutellum and post-notum orange-yellow, the latter slightly suffused with brown, especially medially. Pleurse
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINAI—ALEXANDER. 523
orange-yellow, darker near the sternum and on the coxe. Halteres black, brown at the extreme bases. Legs: coxe yellowish-brown; trochanters, femora, tibise and tarsi jet black.
Wings deep shiny-black throughout. (See fig. 31.)
Abdomen: deep orange throughout.
Holotype.—Female, Cuernavaca, Mexico (D. L. Crawford, coll.).
Type.—tIn collection of Prof. C. F. Baker, Pomona College.
GNOPHOMYIA SUBHYALINA, new species.
Grayish-brown; legs unicolorous, except tarsi; wings subhyaline, very pale brown with a hyaline cross-band.
Male.—Lengtb, 4.8-6 mm; wing, 4.8-6.1 mm.
Female.—Length, 5.2-7 mm; wing, 5-6.8 mm.
Head: palpi and rostrum dark brown; antenne, basal segments yellowish-brown, flagellum medium brown, the segments covered with a dense pale pubescense. Front, vertex and occiput gray, tinged with browm
Thorax: pronotum: scutum grayish-brown; scutellum light yellow, brightest laterally. Mesonotum: grayish-brown, without stripes; pseudo-suture prominent, triangular, with a prolongation extending lateral to the caudal end of the prothoracic scutellum, dark brown scutum grayish-brown, more yellowish on the sides nearest the wing bases; scutellum and post-notum medium brown. Halteres brownish - yellow, knob pale. Legs: coxe and trochanters pale yellow; femora, tibize and most of tarsal segments one and two brown; remainder of the tarsi brownish-black.
Wings: subhyaline, veins dark brown; wings very faintly tinged with brown; a broad hyaline band which crosses the wing distad of the cord is broadest posteriorly; venation (see fig. 23).
Abdomen: tergum dark brown; sternum lighter yellowish-brown.
The paratypes are rather smaller, but undoubtedly belong to the same species.
Hatitat.—H olotype.—Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, April 2 (Schwarz and Barber, coll.). Allotype——Same place as the type, April 20. Paratypes.—Male, Montserrat, Trinidad, West Indies, June, 1897 (Aug. Busck, coll.). Three males, seven females, Aguna, Guatemala, Central America (G. Hisen, coll.). One female, Igarape Asst, Paré, Brazil (H. 8S. Parish, coll.).
Types—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14931).
GNOPHOMYIA HIRSUTA, new species.
Thorax light yellow with four stripes; legs with dark tips to the femora, tibie and tarsi; wings hyaline with two conspicuous brown bands.
Female.—Length,7 mm.; wing,6.6mm. Head: rostrum and palpi yellowish-brown; antenne, basal segments brownish-yellow, flagellum
524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 44.
lighter yellow, segments with numerous long black hairs. Front, vertex and occiput dull yellow with a brown tinge; gene clearer brown.
Thorax: pronotum light yellow. Mesonotum: prescutum covered with a thick pubescence, light yellow with two brown stripes on either side of the median line, these stripes pale, yellowish-brown in front; a large rounded brown spot on the sides of the sclerite before the pseudosuture; scutum, scutellum and post-notum brown, the latter darker. Pleuree light yellow with a broad brown band running from the side of the pronotum, backward under the wing-bases to the post- notum; sternum light brown. Halteres broken, stem yellow. Legs light yellow, a light brown ring at the tip of the femora, a darker one at the tip of the tibix; tarsi, tip of segment 2, all of 3 to 5 dark brown; legs densely hairy.
Wings: hyaline with two brown bands, one traversing the wing- basis, extending from near the humeral cross vein to the origin of the sector, narrower in the anal cells. The second band is in the vicinity of the cord, cells second R, almost all included, base of cell R,, tip of cell R, base of cells R; and first M,; a prominent brown cloud at the basal deflection of Cu, and along the second deflection of M, and cross vein m (outer end of cell first M,); a very pale brown cloud extends across the cells R,, R,, R;, and M,. Venation (see fig. 30).
Abdomen: tergum light yellow; all except segment 5 with the selerite largely brown, especially caudally and laterally; segment 5 clear yellow; sternum light yellow.
Holotype.—Female, Rio de Janiero, Brazil (November) (coll. H. H. Smith).
Type.—In American Museum of Natural History.
Genus TRIMICRA Osten Sacken.
Trimicra OStEN SacKEN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 290; Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 165; Studies, etc., pt. 2, 1887, p. 195. Tlisia Ronpant, Prodr., vol. 1, 1856, p. 182.
KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF TRIMICRA,.
1. Antenne uniformly brown; wings not a large species, length, 7 mm. or
OVER aoe - co eng Seb eee eee eee ee oe eee cee anomala Osten Sacken.* Antenne with the basal pesments yellow; wings pubescent; small species, length, 5 mim. or less: -.. 5s... 2eb ee ce oe ae seek oe ee nee ee pygmexa Alexander.”
In the United States National Museum collection is a series of specimens from Mexico which agree very well with the description of T. anomala, and I have determined them as such. As to whether or not this species is conspecific with the European Trimicra pilipes Fabricius, as given by Osten Sacken i in his Western Diptera, page 200;
1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 290; Minigrayiisy vol 4, p. 167. 2 Psyche, vol. 19, Dec., 1912, p. 166, pl. 13, fig. 3.
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOT ROPIC. {ZL LIMNOBIN« D—ALBPXANDER. 525
T will not attempt to decide without having European material for comparison. The data for the Mexican specimens are as follows: nase Mexico, December 18, 1907, male and female; February , 1908, male and female; February 16, 1908, two females; March . 1908, three females; March 16, 1908, male. Orizaba, Mexico, March 13, 1908, male and female (Fred. Gib) coll.).
KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE LIMNOPHILINI.
(Based largely on Needham’s key, 1907.)
HPS WICALIY PYGdON Waren ccine xa mii ni aia nie 47 A ooo alae ae ee pa raeione sonra wclciainiaio ee a = = 2:
(OI YeCVET ES SSC SS MS Soe ee SE ees aS an Co OSSD SAA CHES OOD Sa ENCE 3.
2. Cell M, present; basal deflection of Cu, near the outer margin of cell first M,
(i. e., fusion of Cu, and M, very slight)..................-.. . Trichocera Meigen.
Cell M, absent; basal deflection of Cu, at, or near, the fork af M (i. e., fusion of
Ga andyn qxtonsive) sacs s nee eee at seein einen nies Ischnothrix Bigot.
Se REGIA CrOoesuvell! SDBENGs . cos tosis ceinie eaiaetacalt cate Phyllolabis Osten Sacken.
Il est pee Oc hoe aoa Sac cotascus Baodo soos ppacesagse 4,
4. Cross vein m absent; fusion of M, and Cu, long and ending in a sy mime brical
FOR ose ae eee ad re trees ae Mee Pes Secis e s NS avs Polymera W ear’ Cross vein m present; fusion of M,; and Cu, neatly short; fork not symmetrical. .
5. Wings pubescent; two branches of M..............------ Ulomorpha Osten Sac cs
Wings glabrous (usually); if pubescent, three branches of M at the wing margin. .6.
6. A supernumerary cross vein in cell C............------ Epiphragma Osten Sacken.
No mupernnumerary.cross ven in Cell Glee. oc sce saan sice snc eisie eles aime eae es Up
7. Antenne of male with long pectinations; usually with more than 16 segments.
Ctedonia Philippi.
Antenne of male of various shapes, but never pectinate; 16-segmented.......... 8.
8. Se very long, approximating R, at wing-margin ............. Lecteria Osten Sacken.
Se shorter, always distant from R, at the tip...2............Limnophila Macquart.
Genus ISCHNOTHRIX Bigot.
Ischnothrix Bicor, Miss. Sci. Cape Horn, Zodl., pt. 6, 1888, pp. 7, 8, pl. 2.
Male—Related to the genus TJrichocera. Antenne hair-like, two or three times as long as the body, with 13 or 14 (?) segments, segment 1 short, stout, second scarcely visible, the remainder elongated, cylindrical, attenuated apically; rostrum almost as long as the head, horizontal, abruptly truncated at the tip; palpi 5 segmented, the fifth not much longer than the others, indistinctly furrowed; three ocelli; feet very long, smooth, not swollen; wings margined with short hairs, twice as long as the abdomen; first and second longitudinal (Rondani) veins separate at their tips; three yeins emerge from the pentagonal discal cell, widely separated basally, not forked; from the first basal cell, two veins, the outer forked; hypopygium small, clasping; abdomen scantily clothed with fine hairs on both sides. (Bigot).
ISCHNOTHRIX ZTHEREA (Bigot).
Male.—Hight mm. Antenne testaceous, broadly infuscated at the tip; palpi black; rostrum brown, tip tinged with black; head
526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot, 44.
brown, front with a median brown vitta; thorax reddish, tinged with dull brown; halteres whitish; abdomen testaceous, incisures infuscated; feet testaceous; wings almost hyaline, in the middle slightly tinged with whitish; stigma small, black; transverse veins and the third longitudinal vein at the base margined with brown.
Translated from Bigot’s original description. His figure shows an insect with a moderately long Se,; Se, not far from the tip of Se,; R,,, long fused, much longer than either R, or R,, which are sub- equal; M,,, fused to the wing margin; the outer deflection of M, about equal to the cross-vein m; basal deflection of Cu, at the fork of M. The anal angle of the wing is prominent.
Genus POLYMERA Wiedemann.
Polymera WrEDEMANN, Dipt. Exot., vol. 1, 1821, p. 40 —OstEen SackEen, Mono- graphs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 335; Studies, etc., pt. 2, 1887, p. 215.
The genus Polymera is a very characteristic one in the Neotropical regions. Almost every collection brought from South or Central America includes specimens of this interesting group, and it is very probable that it will ultimately prove to be one of the largest genera of the tropical crane-fly fauna. One species, Polymera magnifica Meunier,! has been described as fossil.
The recent species hitherto described, five in number, range from Brazil to the southeastern United States. I have had for study about 25 specimens which included all of the known species, excepting fusca Wiedemann and albitarsis Williston, as well as seven new forms. The males, as now known, are all characterized by extremely elongated antenne, at least as long as the body, and usually clothed with long delicate, outstretched hairs. The antennal segments may be
. elongate-cylindrical and not constricted (niveifarsis and possibly fusca), or they may be constricted once, producing a bi-nodose effect (most of the species), or constricted twice, producing a tri-nodose appearance (plewralis). Specialization in wing venation is also evident, ranging from a generalized form like niveitarsis with deep forks, through plewralis which has lost one of the forks (M,.,. fused to the margin) but still has a deep medio-cubital fork, to conjuncta, which shows a decided tendency for Cu, and M, to fuse to the wing- margin.
Wiedemann does not say that the antenns of the female fusca are elongated like those of the male (as described by Williston, Dipt. St. Vincent, p. 297). The sex of the specimen that he figures is not given, but it is undoubtedly a male. The venation and antenne are so similar to niveitarsis that it would not be surprising if the second specimen that Wiedemann possessed? from’ the Frankfort Museum proved to belong to that species.
1 Ann. Sci. Nat. Zodl., vol. 4, p. 385, pl. 14, figs. 11, 12; pl. 15, fig. 2; pl. 16, fig. 1. 2 Auss. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, p. 554.
no, 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINDM—ALPXANDER. 527
Antenne: first segment broadly oval-cylindrical; second short, oval-cylindrical, much narrower than the first; third segment elongate-cylindrical, not constricted, with long delicate hairs; seg- ments 4 to the end, constricted at the ends, and constricted once or twice medially, producing a bi-nodose or tri-nodose appearance. As previously stated, some (as niveitarsis) have simple flagellar segments; at the nodes, the segments are clothed with long outstretched hairs which are much longer than the segments which bear them; inter- spersed with these are very short, prominent bristles, and over the whole segment is a fine delicate pubescence.
Palpi: first segment very short, second and third subequal in diameter and length; fourth about as long as 2 and 3 together, narrower than either.
Venation: Se, at, or near, the tip of Se,; R long, R, usually far back from its tip; M, and M, usually separate at the wing-margin; M, and Cu, fused for a considerable distance, when separating, the fork symmetrical; cross vein m absent.
Genitalia: male (obscura); pleuree very long, cylindrical, thickly clothed on the external facies with long hairs; two apical appendages; anal tube broad, distinct; guard of the penis scarcely visible from the
exterior. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF POLYMERA.
Celie Mirentteliyabsen ba. 6 se ae- Sacre. oan e tra goa eeiaseiee he Amersia cine alanis 2. Cell M, PLCSCNt.-.---- 0+ sees eee eee ee eee eee teeter ees 3. 2. Large species (wing 6.2-6.8 mm.); Cu,+M, shorter than M, alone; pleure dark; farsiowhiteneec cm comet cc seencees nese le nee pleuralis, new species (Brazil). Small species (wing 3-3.5 mm.); Cu,+M, longer than M, alone; pleure not dark; EARSUTIOE WNIULO Seater eae ne rc ela 3585 conjuncta, new species (Brazil). Se Wings not unifornuin Coloma iON sn ace eee om ae clan. S2is (= 52)fe mie ne neces saison 4. Wangs iunifonmsinicoloratone aces me atee aia 5s ide =o oie ela o!a:neieielors ic areisinss\esioi-lerseice 6. 4. Wings dark colored with lighter spots or fascive................-2..-220--200000- 5. Wings hyaline, or nearly so, with small brown spots at the forks of most of the BENE eso cee eee De prefaeieme Se levee ae occ! obscura Macquart (Brazil). 5. Wings with white or whitish spots.....-. superba, new species (Costa Rica, Brazil). Wings with a light yellow cross-band.............-.-- hirticornis Fabricius (Brazil). 6. Flagellar segments of the antenne elongate-cylindrical, not noticeably con- RUDI | so 5 RAGS REI GAU DRONES CHOA SO OS OCR OE EAC NESE p A Ae Sne ee Haier tes Ue Flagellar segments of the antennz constricted once or twice, giving a multi-seg- mented appearance) to the antennse 5... <2... a2 esse ee claw e ce cscaceaee 8. anvats Of all the leps white a2. <<:-/26 =,<c einige oe,es, fusca Wiedemann ! (Brazil), Only tarsi of hind legs white. ..-...-.-..... niveitarsis, new species (Guat., Brazil). 8. Fore and middle tarsi more or less yellowish-white or white...................- 9. Fore and middle tarsi dark, about concolorous with the tibiz.. eon sate arene LS
9. Antennz conspicuously annulated, rather short (about as jong a as erie body). georgiz Alexander * (Southeast U. S.). Antenne not conspicuously annulated, much longer than the body......-..-.. 10,
1 Auss. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, pp. 58 and 4554, pl. 6b, figs. 3-4. Original description in Dipt. Exot., vol. 1, p. 44. 3 Psyche (Dec., 1911), pp. 199, 200, fig. 5.
528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 44. ©
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF POLYMERA—continued.
10. Thorax light-colored; brownish-yellow with a narrow dark pleural stripe; wings
DYOWRAE week se ate ece neces eeeemeeene albitarsis Williston? (Lesser Antilles).
Thorax uniform in color, dark brown; wings gray -.-dhoracica, new species (Brazil).
11. Large species; length (male) 4.5 mm.; wing 4.7 mm.; distance of R, beyond r
equal to that space between Sc, and 7; wings yellowish.
inornata, new species (Brit. Guiana).
Small species; length (male) 3 mm.; wing 4.6 mm.; distance of R, beyond r much less than that space between Sc, and 7; wings gray.
grisea, new species (Panama).
(Probably here; see description.)
POLYMERA PLEURALIS, new species.
Size medium; flagellar segments of the antenne tri-nodose; wing with cell M, absent; M,-+-Cu, much shorter than M, alone; tarsi white or whitish; thoracic pleurs with a broad black stripe.
Length, male, 5 mm.; female (to tip of ovipositor), 6.6-6.8 mm.; wing, male, 6.4 mm.; female, 6.2-6.8 mm.; antenne, male (about), 8.5 mm.; hind leg, female, femur, 5.4 mm.; tibia+tarsus, 8.6 mm.
Male.——Palpi and rostrum hight brown, the latter more yellowish; eyes large, conspicuous, leaving the vertex narrow between the eyes; vertex grayish; occiput brownish-gray. Antenne, basal segment dark brown, second lighter brown, third elongate-cylindrical fifth to near the end (most noticeable in the region of the tenth segment) constricted twice, producing a tri-nodose effect, segments brown, the extreme base and tip paler, yellowish, giving an annulated appear- ance to the antenne.
Thorax: dorsum uniform light brown; pleure very broadly dark brownish-black, extending from the cervical sclerites to the abdomen, this color encroaching on the fore coxa; sterna pale whitish-yellow. Halteres light brown, the knob rather dark. Legs: coxe, trochan- ters and extreme base of the femora pale whitish-yellow, remainder of the femora and the tibiz pale brown, darker at the extreme tip; tarsi yellowish-white, except the last segment, which is brown.
Wings: uniformly tinged with light brown. Venation: Se rather long, ending about opposite the fork of R,,,; Rs not gently arcuated at its basis, but rather square; R, beyond the cross-vein 7 about two- fifths the distance from Se, to 7; R.,, short, shorter than the basal deflection of Cu,; basal deflection of R,,,; longer than rm. M,., fused to the wing-margin. M,+Cu, short, only about two-fifths as long as Cu, beyond the fork. (See fig. 17.)
Abdomen blackish, sternum little, if any, paler.
Female. Quite similar to the male, but antenne short, normal in appearance, not annulated; if bent backward, would extend about to the base of the abdomen. In color and venation, as in the male.
1 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 296, pl. 10, fig. 71.
— "
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINDH—ALEXANDDR. 529
Habitat—Holotype—Male, Igarape Asst, Para, Brazil; February 4, 1912 (Parish). Allotype.—Female, Igarape Asst, Parad, Brazil; F'eb- ruary 7, 1912 (Parish). Paratype—Female, Igarape Asstt, Para, Brazil; January 19, 1912 (Parish).
Types.—In Cornell University collection.
Paratype.—In author’s collection.
POLYMERA CONJUNCTA, new species.
Size small; flagellar segments of the antenne bi-nodose; wing with cell M, absent; M,+Cu, longer than M, alone; tarsi not lighter colored than the tibie; thoracic pleure unicolorous with the dorsum.
Male.—Length (abdomen unbroken); female, 2.8 mm.; wing, male, 3.5 mm.
Female.—ULength, 3 mm.; antennx, male, 4.4 mm.
Male.—Antenne dark brownish-black, not annulated, the flagellar segments bi-nodose, deeply but broadly constricted medially; a group of outstretched hairs extending from each node.
Thorax light brown, rather yellowish; mesothoraciec postnotum dark colored; pleure not clearly darker than the rest of the thorax. Halteres pale. Legs brown, the tarsi not paler, excepting the poste- rior tarsi, which are rather paler brown.
Wings light brownish-gray. Venation: Se short, Se, ending slightly before, or opposite to, the fork of Rs; Rs rather square at its origin; R,,, long; basal deflection of R,.; long. M,,. fused to the wing margin. Cu,+M, much longer than M, alone. Basal deflection of Cu, slightly before, or opposite to, the fork of M. (See fig. 7.)
Abdomen brown, darker than the thorax.
Female.—Antenne short, segments simple, brown; coloration as in the male. Venation as in the male, but cross vein 7 inserted nearer to the fork of R,,,, and R, is almost at a right angle to R, at its origin.
Habitat— Holotype. Sieh Igarape Asst, Para, Brazil, Feb. 4, 1912 (Parish). Allotype——Female Igarape Asst, Pare, Brazil, Feb. 4, 1912 (Parish).
Types.—In Cornell University collection.
POLYMERA OBSCURA Macquart.
Polymera obscura Macquart, Dipt. Exot., vol. 1, pt. 1, 1838, p. 65, pl. 8.— Wuuuiston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 297.—Hunter, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1900, p. 292.—ALEXANDER, Psyche, 1911, p. 200.
Polymera fusca Kertesz, Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, 1902, p. 242.
) Male.—Length, 5.2 mm.; wing, 5.8 mm.; antenne, 7.5 mm.
‘fabout).; hind leg, femur, 4.6 mm.; tibia, 4.8 mm.; middle leg, femur,
4.8 mm.; tibia, 5.3 mm.
69077 °—Proc.N.M.vol.44—13——34.
530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 44.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; vertex brown, more yel- lowish anteriorly; occiput light brown. Antenne, basal segment of the scape brown, second yellowish, third light brown, whitish apically, darker brown subapically, each succeeding segment of the antennx bi-nodose, dark brown on the nodes, lighter brown at the constriction, and pale, almost white, at the ends. |
Thorax: pronotum pale yellow: mesonotum, praescutum very light brownish-yellow with two broad dark brown stripes recurrent along the lateral margin of the sclerite; a broad lateral stripe extending | from behind the pseudosuture to the transverse suture; pseudo-suture _ black, scutum light brownish-yellow medially with a dark brown line on either side; scutellum and postnotum brown, dusted with yellow. Pleurz: dorsal portions of the epipleurz dark brown, remainder of the epipleure brownish-black, deepest medially. Halteres light brown. Legs: coxe and trochanters dull yellow; femora light brown, extreme tip light yellow, sub-apical ring black; tibia light brown, tip broadly black; tarsi white, the hindermost pair clearest white, anterior pair has the extreme tips of the segments indistinctly brown.
Wings: light gray, indistinct rounded clouds at the origin of Rs; along the cord; at the fork of R,,,; at cross vein r; at the fork of M,,,, and at the fork of M, and Cu,. Venation: Se rather long, Se, ending rather nearer to the fork of R,,,than Rs. Rs evenly areuated at its origin, in a line with R,,,; basal deflection of R,,; arcuated; basal deflection of Cu, at the fork of M; M,+Cu, longer than M, alone. (See fig. 18.)
Abdomen brown; sternum dark.
Hypopygium: posterior margin of the ninth tergite (d) produced caudad into a blunt, obtuse tooth; pleure (c) very long, cylindrical, thickly clothed on the external facies with long hairs, bearing two apical appendages, the upper one (a) is chitinized, cylindrical, blunt at the apex and there armed with a sharp, recurved hook; the lower appendage (5) is not chitinized, or only feebly so at its tip, rather shorter than the upper apical appendage and more pointed at its tip. On the ventral aspect, the ninth sternite is broadly concave; the anal tube (e) broad, distinct; guard of the penis entirely hidden from the ventral aspect, scarcely apparent from the dorsal aspect. (See fig. 1.)
Igarape Assi, Para, Brazil (Parish), Jan. 19, 1912 (1 male); Jan. 30, 1912 (2 males); Feb. 4, 1912 (3 males).
Specimens in Cornell University collection and in author’s col- ection.
POLYMERA SUPERBA, new species.
Size, medium; flagellum of the antenne bi-nodose; cell M, present; wing dark-colored with white spots.
Male—Length, 5.8 mm.; wing, 5.8 mm.; antenne (about), 7.8 mm. Head: vertex dark chestnut-red, paler, yellowish, on the occiput;
No. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIN.E—ALEXANDER. 531
front brown; rostrum reddish; palpi dark brown; antenne: basal segments reddish-brown, third segment dull yellow at the base, remainder brown, paler, light yellow, at the tip, other segments con- stricted in the middle, with the extreme base and tip light yellow, producing an annulated effect.
Thorax: pronotum obscure yellow. Mesonotum: prescutum with the anterior half shining dull yellow; tuberculate pits large, comma- like, located well toward the cephalic margin of the sclerite; remainder of the sclerite black; scutum, scutellum and post-notum black; pleure: prothoracic obscure shining yellow; remainder of the pleure black. Halteres, stem and tip of the knob, yellow; remainder of the knob, brown. Legs: coxe and trochanters dull yellow; fore leg broken. Middle leg: femora brown, the tip yellow or whitish- yellow, a broad black sub-apical band; tibia, basis yellow, remainder dark brown; tarsi, dark brown. Hind leg: femora yellowish-brown; tip whitish-yellow; a broad black subapical band; tibia, brown, paler at the extreme base; tarsi, base of segment 1 and segments 4 and 5 brown, remainder white, or whitish.
Wings: veins dark brown; cells C and Se dull yellow; remainder of the wing subhyaline with brown markings; the whole apical third of the wing, a large spot connected with it and embracing the stigmal region and the cord, a large, interrupted basal blotch extending from the wing base to beyond the base of the sector, paler in the anal cells, a large spot in the ends of cells Cu and first A. Venation: Se long, ending beyond the origin of Rs; 7 inserted far back from the tip of R, so that R, beyond 7 is about two-fifths of the distance on R, between Se, and 7. Rs rather square at its origin; R,,, short, about as long as the basal deflection of Cu,. Basal deflection of Cu, opposite the fork of M; M,+Cu, equal to M, alone. (See fig. 2.)
Abdomen: tergum dark shining black; apical half of each segment paler, brown; hypopygium light reddish-yellow, the tips of the apical appendages brown; sternum, apical two-thirds of each segment brown, basal third black. ,
Allotype-—Female, length, 6.3 mm.; wing, 5.9 mm. Very similar to the male, the costal and subcostal cells of the wings are not yel- lowish but brown. The fore legs are present; apical two-thirds of the femora dark brownish-black; tibie and tarsi blackish.
Habitat —Holotype—Male, Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama (Aug. Busck).
Allotype.—Female, Igarape Asst, Para, Brazil, January 24, 1912 (Parish).
Holotype:—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14935).
Allotype.—In Cornell University collection.
532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 44.
POLYMERA HIRTICORNIS Fabricius.
Chironomus hirticornis Fapricius, Syst. Antliar, 1805, p. 46.—WreDEMANN, Dipt. Exot., vol. 1, 1821, p. 37, fig.
Polymera hirticornis WrEDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl. Ins., 1828, vol. 1, p. 57.— Macauart, Suite 4 Buffon, vol. 1, 1834, p. 113 —Hunrter, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1900, p. 292.—Kerrresz, Catalogus Dipterorum, vol. 2, 1902, p. 242.—ALEXANDER, Psyche, 1911, p. 200.
Male-—Length, 7.6 mm.; wing, 7 mm.; antenna, 8 mm. (about). Head: rostrum and palpi, gene and occiput, orange-yellow; vertex brown, the anterior portion paler yellowish; front yelow. Antenne, basal segments, brownish-yellow, segment 3 dark brown, yellowish basally, remaining segments bi-nodose, dark brown.
Thorax: pronotum yellow; mesonotum: prescutum, anterior half bright yellow with a brown spot in the middle at the cephalic end, remainder of the prescutum brown, much darker anteriorly near the pseudosuture; scutum, scutellum and postnotum dark brown; pseudosuture black. Pleurze: prothoracic, yellow; meso- and meta- pleure dark brownish-black. Halteres light brownish-white. Legs: cox and trochanters light yellow; femora light yellow, darkening to form a brown subapical ring, a broad yellow apical band; tarsi yellowish; the posterior pair white.
Wings: brown with a broad pale yellow band across the disk, just distad of the cord and proximad of the fork of M, and Cu,; a pale yellow spot around Rs, and one at end of second A; costal cell and base of wing light yellow; veins brown, yellow where traversed by the yellow markings. Venation: Se very long, extending far beyond the fork of Rs; cross-vein r far back from the tip of R, so that R, beyond 7 is only a little shorter than R, between Sc, and 7; R., very short, less than the basal deflection of Cu, Cu,+M; much shorter than M, alone; basal deflection of Cu, beyond the fork of M. (See fig. 3.)
Abdomen: tergum black, extreme tip of segments 2-5 brownish- yellow; remainder entirely, black; hypopygium orange-yellow; sternum: segment 2, black; 3, tip orange; 4-6, orange-yellow; 7-8, black.
Igarape Asst, Para, Brazil, January 23, 1912 (coll. Parish).
Specimen in Cornell University collection.
POLYMERA NIVEITARSIS, new species.
Size, large; flagellum of the antenne almost simple; posterior tarsi, only, white; basal deflection of R,,, not evident; cell M, present.
Male —Length, 6.2 mm.; wing, 7.3-7.4 mm.; antenne (about), 12.5 mm. Head: palpi brown; rostrum yellowish brown; antenne with the two basal segments and the proximal end of the third dull yellow; remainder of the antenne dark brownish-black, clothed with
Zl
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIND—ALEPXANDER. 583
long black hairs; no distinct constrictions on the flagellum of the antenne. Front dull yellowish-brown; vertex dark brown; occiput paler.
Thorax: mesonotum dark brown, uniform, dull opaque through- out; pleure light grayish-brown. Halteres brown. Legs: cox, trochanters, femora, tibiz and tarsi yellowish-brown; posterior legs with the apical half of tarsal segments 1, and 2, 3, and 4, white.
Wings uniformly tinged with yellowish; veins brown. Venation: Sc long, Se, ending beyond the fork of R,,,; cross-vein 7 far out toward the tip of R,, so that R, beyond r is only about one-fifth the distance on R, from Se, to 7; Rs gently arcuated at its origin, in a direct line with R,,;, consequently no basal deflection to R,,, is present; Rox, short, a little longer than the basal deflection of Cu,; Cu,-+M, shorter than M, alone; basal deflection of Cu, at the fork of M. (See fig. 16.)
Abdomen: tergum dark brown; sternum yellowish; hypopygium brown.
Female—Length, 5.9 mm.; wing,7 mm. Flagellum of the antenne broken; vertex more grayish; oviposter very long and pointed; col- oration and venation as in the male.
Paratypes.—Males, specimens 1 and 3 (Surinam) (Brazil). Similar to the type, but the head darker brown with no yellowish tinge. Venation of Surinam specimen: 7—m at the fork of Rs; basal deflec- tion of Cu, at the fork of M. Brazilian specimen: R, beyond r about one-fourth of the distance on R, between Sc, and 7; basal deflection of Cu, beyond the fork of M. Specimen 2 (Surinam) is more inter- mediate between the holotype and paratypes 1 and 3.
Habitat.— Holotype-—Male, Bocas del Toro, Panama, September 28, 1903 (P. Osterhout). In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14926).
Allotype-—Female, Patulue, Guatemala, Central America (700 feet) (G. Eisen) (received Jan. 6, 1903) (U. S. National Museum col- lection). Paratypes 1-2.—Two males, Surinam (H. Polak) (U. S. National Museum collection). Paratype 3—Male Igarape Asst, Para, Brazil, January 29, 1912 (Parish), (Cornell University collection).
If the specimen figured by Wiedemann ! was really a specimen of
_ his fusca, then this species is undoubtedly closely allied to fusca. It
is readily distinguished by its dark brown fore and middle tarsi. POLYMERA THORACICA, new species.
Size, medium; flagellar segments of the antennx bi-nodose; wing with cell M present; tarsi white; thorax dark brown, pleural stripe not conspicuous.
Male.—Length, 4.8 mm.; wing, 5.3 mm.; antenns (about), 7.5 mm. Rostrum and palpi brown; antennz: basal segment dark brown, segment 2 and the flagellum light brown, the base and tip of the seg-
1 Auss. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, pl. vib, figs. 3, 4.
i
534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 44.
ments light yellow, this annulated effect most noticeable on segments 4-8; a group of wide, outspread hairs extending from each node. Front, vertex and occiput grayish-brown, a black spot in the center of the vertex.
Thorax: dark brown; pseudo-sutural spots, deep, prominent, black; pleure, brownish-black; the sternum nearly as dark; halteres light brown, the knob darker. Legs: coxe and trochanters light yellow- ish, basis of former, brown; femora brown, more yellowish basally, subapically somewhat darker brown; tibie brown, tip dark; tarsus, segment 1 light brown, tip whitish; segments 2-4 white; 5 more brownish.
Wings: slightly tinged with gray. Venation: Se rather long, Se, nearer to the fork of R,,, than fork of Rs; R, beyond r about one- third the distance of R, between Sc,and r. Basal deflection of R,., very long, twice as long as 7~-m; M,+Cu, about equal to M,;. Basal deflection of Cu, beyond the fork of M. (See fig. 4.)
Abdomen dark brown.
Habitat.— Holotype.—Male, Igarape Asst, Paré, Brazil, February 7, 1912 (Parish).
Type.—In Cornell University collection.
Differs from albitarsis Williston in the darker coloration throughout; Se longer, extendmg much beyond the fork of Rs; basal deflection of Cu, beyond the fork of M, not at it, ete. It comes close to fusca Wiedemann, but differs in several details of coloration, and, if Wiede- mann’s figure represents true fusca, as I suppose it does, in vena- tional and antennal characters.
POLYMERA INORNATA, new species.
Size, small; flagellar segments of the antenne bi-nodose; wing with cell M, present; R, beyond r equal to R, between Se, and r.
Male —Length, 4.4 mm.; wing, 4.8 mm.; antenna (about), 6.5 mm. Head: rostrum and palpi light brown; front, vertex, and occiput dark brown, bloom destroyed by mucilage; antennal segments dark brown, somewhat paler at the base and apex of each segment, but not producing an annulated effect.
Thorax: notum light chestnut-brown; pleure similar but paler, without any distinct darker pleural stripe, sternal region dull yellow. Halteres very pale yellow, the knob light brown. Legs: fore and middle, only, remain; light yellowish-brown, the cox and trochan- ters being more yellow; it is very probable that the posterior tarsi are whitish.
Wings uniformly tinged with yellow; veins brownish-yellow. Venation: Se long, ending about opposite to the fork of R,,,; cross- vein 7 far removed from the tip of R,, so that R, beyond this cross vein is equal to that section of R, between Se, and cross-vein 7;
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIN®—ALEXANDER. 535
R,,, short but longer than M,; basal deflection of R,,, distinct, as long as r~m; basal deflection of Cu, slightly beyond the fork of M; Cu, +M, about equal to Cu, beyond M,. (See fig. 5.) Abdomen: tergum, dark brown; sternum, lighter colored. Habitat.— Holotype —Male, Tukeit, British Guiana, July 20, 1911 (coll. Lutz). Type.—In American Museum of Natural History. Differs from all of the known species in the extreme recession of the cross-vein r. POLYMERA GRISEA, new species. Size, small; flagellar segments of the antennz bi-nodose; cell M, present; dark pleural stripe narrow, distinct; wings gray. Male —Length, 3-3.5 mm. (about); wing, 4.6; antenna, 7.5 (about). Related to albitarsis Williston in its awl coloration and vena- tion but very much smaller. In the dark narrow pleural stripe it agrees well with Williston’s description! The wings are slightly grayish, not brown; basal segments of the antennse dark brown; the legs are lacking excepting one of the fore pair. (See fig. 6.) Habitat.— Holotype —Male, Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama (A. H. Jennings coll.). Type.—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14937). Genus EPIPHRAGMA Osten Sacken. Epiphragma Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 238; Mono- graphs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 193; Studies, etc., pt. 2, 1887, p. 208. This well-defined genus reaches its maximum of species in tropical America. Several of the species that have until now been character- ized as “Limnobia’”’ are undoubtedly Epiphragme and I treat them as such in this paper. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EPIPHRAGMA.
' 1. Wings with complete unicolorous fasciz, brown or white, extending across the
TT cl 5 en ee Ree BEE” SB gn ais SAB ee eee ae eee 2. , Wings with ocellate marks, or pale-margined spots, or incomplete fasciw .....-. 3. 2. White fascize about three; brown fasci, as a rule, not connected; tip of tibixe GER Sed b65 2 sot secs MEBs Sere SoSr anes eBoacE Jascipennis Say ? (Hast. U. S.).
A single white fascia across the middle of the wing, owing to the confluence of the two brown fascie on either side; tip of tibie light yellow,
imitans, new species (Bolivia). 3. ean color of the wing dark brown or rusty-brown.......-..---------------- 4, Ground color of the wing pale brown, gray, subhyaline or hyaline............-- 6.
4. Thoracic dorsum velvety black, with a bright yellow, very conspicuous, spot, histrio Schiner* (Colombia). Thoracic dorsum not velvety-black and yellow...........-.-2222.2-2++2.2---05.
1 Dipt. St. Vincent, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, pp. 296, 297. 2 Osten Sacken, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 194, male and female. * Reise Novara, Dipt., 1868, p. 41; male.
536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you, 44.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EPIPHRAGMA—continued.
5. Antennal segments 3 and 4, yellow, remainder brown or black; tarsi brown; head black, opaque, yellowish-gray pollinose..sackeni Williston ' (Lesser Antilles). Antennal segment 3, only, reddish yellow, remainder brown or black; tarsi yellow; head ochraceous brownish-yellow....-...---.----- fabricii, new name (Brazil). 6. Wing markings few, mostly reduced to ocellate or semiocellate markings....-... it Wing markings ocellate or dark-centered with pale margins; wing margin either abundantly spotted, or with incomplete Dandal-tisesce~ sess a eee eee 8. 7. Mesonotum with a grayish triangle in the middle; sides yellowish-red; legs pale WelloWetocs eee eae eee eee aes eee delicatula Osten Sacken ? (Colombia). Mesonotum without gray; pleure with dark brown stripes; femora with a brown band 3. oc seseene eestor eae es eee pupillata, new species (S. Brazil). 8. Ground-color of the wings hyaline.......... buscki, new species (Greater Antilles) Ground-color'of the wings motihyaling-< 2. 22-2 -- ee oe oo eee eee eee 9. 9. Antenne of male long, reaching to the second abdominal segment. circinata Osten Sacken * (Costa Rica). Antenne of male short, reaching to the wing-root........-.--.-.-------------- 10. 10. Legs mostly dark brown; femora and tibia with two pale bands; anterior margin of wing with eight larger spots.......-- adspersa Wiedemann (Guiana; Brazil). Legs mostly yellow; wings without eight larger spots on costal margin........ iii 11. Legs yellow throughout; four large sub-costal spots, the largest at the stigma. punctulatissima Wiedemann * (Brazil). Legs yellow; femora with a brown band before the tip; wings with an irregular POC eRe cossasceeaaaaso sss aaSae=bs solatrix Osten Sacken * (East. U. 8.).
Species not included in the above key, because of insufficient description:
Epiphragma varia Wiedemann (Brazil). Wiedemann says:
It must not be confused with Limnobia maculata F. (=fabricii, n. n.), which it closely resembles, but still in respect to the wing pattern is quite different. Venation as in L. maculata. Color of body, brownish all over; of the feet, only one, without tarsi, remaining; this is deep brown, only the tip of the tibia yellow.
Epiphragma nebulosa Bellardi (Mexico).?
The description calls for a very large species (male, length, 15 mm.; wing-expanse, 33 mm.); antenne yellowish throughout, the basal segments paler; mesonotum with a subrotund black spot, fading out behind; halteres brown with the knob black; feet brown, the femora somewhat reddish-brown; feet with three black, equidistant bands, the first in the middle of the femur, the second at the knee; wings that are pale reddish-brown in the middle of the cells, hyaline at the veins.
EPIPHRAGMA IMITANS, new species.
Femora with the apices pale yellow; wings with two complete double fasciz.
Female —Length, 11 mm.; wing, 10 mm.; fore leg, femur, 6.5 mm.; tibia, 8 mm.; tarsus, 8.5 mm.; middle leg, femur, 6.4 mm.; tibia, 7.6
1 Dipt. St. Vincent, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, pp. 294, 295, fig. 68.
2 Studies on Tipulide, vol. 2, 1887, p. 208, male.
5 Biologia Centrali-Americana, vol. 1, 1886, pp. 9, 10, pl. 1, fig. 1, male.
* Auss. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, 1828, p. 301.
© Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, pp. 195, 196, male and female.
© Auss. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, 1828, p. 573 (as Limnobia). .
7 Ditterologia Messicans, pt. 1, 1859, pp. 206, 207, pl. 1, fig. 4 (as Tipula).
no. 1966. SYVOPSIS OF NEOF ROPICAL LIMN OBING BH—ALEXANDER. 537
mm.; hind leg, ‘sitar: 7.2 mm.; tibia, 8. 5 mm.; i hendk rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne: ee basal segments dark brownish- black, third segment bright yellow, fourth darker, brownish-yellow, remainder dark brown; front, vertex, and occiput brown, deeper, more richly colored bebind, yellow immediately surrounding the eyes.
Thorax: pronotum brown; mesonotum: preescutum, anterior half deep chestnut-brown, the extreme cephalic margin darker brown, the posterior half with a tawny yellow bloom and with four brown spots; scutum pale yellow on the anterior half, rich brown behind, connected along the lateral edge of the sclerite with the brown of the anterior part of the prescutum ; scutellum dark brown; postnotum light brown. Pleure pale silvery with four rich brown stripes, the most dorsal of which begins on the dorsum of the pronotum, runs obliquely around to the scutellum, the second, or epipleural, begins on the venter of the pronotum, continues caudad, obliquely, to the postnotum, where it spreads over the sclerite, the third, or episternal, band runs above ghe coxeg; sternum dark brown, constituting the fourth stripe. Talt- eres pale yellowish-brown, knob rather darker basally. Legs: coxe brown medially, paler at the ends; trochanters yellow. » Legs all simi- lar to one another in coloration; femora light brownish-yellow with a conspicuous pale yellow apical band; tibie pale yellow throughout; tarsi pale yellow, the terminal segments yellowish-orange.
Wings hyaline, with two irregular brown bands across the wing; the proximal one more regular on its outer margin; the distal band has three finger-like projections on its inner margin along Rs, M, and Cu, respectively; the bands are more or less distinctly margined with darker. (See. fig. 35.)
Abdomen: Tergum light brown, the apices of the segments very light yellow, this ealoss continuing back along the laters! edge; a dark brown median line; ninth segment yellow; valves of the ovi- positor reddish; sternum pale hea) very palé along the lateral edge.
Habitat —Holotype—Female, San Antonio, Bolivia (received from Staudinger and Bang-Haas, Germany). Type—In author’s collection.
EPIPHRAGMA FAERICII, new name.
Tipula maculata Fasricius, Syst. Antl., 1805, p. 30 (not T. maculata Linnzeus nor T. maculata Meigen) (1804). Limnobia maculata WrzpEMANN, Dipt. Exot., vol. 1, 1821, p. 16; Auss. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, 1828, p. 29.—Hunrer, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1900, p- 289.—Kertesz, Catalogus Dipteroum, vol. 2, 1902, p. 174. Male—Length, 10-11.5 mm; wing, 14 mm. _ Head: rostrum light brown, palpi blackish-brown; clypeal region and anterior portion of the front to just behind the origin of the
538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you, 44.
antenne dark colored; antenne: segment one dark, blackish, coy- ered with a thick light-colored pubescence, second segment dark brown, third segment conspicuously orange-red, remainder dark brownish-black. Front (behind), vertex and occiput dull tawny- yellow, darker behind and underneath on the gens; a conspicuous brown line on the head, anteriorly enlarged into a conspicuous spot running back toward the collare. Front nearly as wide as the first antennal segment is long.
Thorax: pronotum dark brown; mesonotum, rich reddish-brown, in front a narrow dark brown margin which continues back toward the lateral margins of the sclerite; medially a narrow brown line runs back for a short distance, but fades out’ at about one-third the length of the sclerite; scutum brown, darker caudally. On the lat- eral margins oi these two sclerites (scutum and preescutum) is a large buff spot, hemmed in above by a fuscous line.running cephalad from the suture for one-third the length of the preescutum and then bent strongly laterad and recurved, to form a deep chocolate-brown spot occupying the lateral margins of both sclerites. Scutellum and postnotum dusky brownish-black, paler at the sutures; metanotum brownish-black. Pleuree and sterna very dark brown, almost uni- form except a darker black band which begins on the prosternum and continues back across the epipleure. Halteres yellowish, a lit- tle darker toward the knob. Legs: coxe and trochanters brown, slightly paler toward the tips (rest of legs gone, but probably with more or less dark color).
Wings light yellow with about eight brown spots along the ante- rior margin of the wing, of which the second is located on the cross- vein h; fourth and sixth larger, at base of Rs and tip of Se; irregular light brown bands lead from these spots across the wing, each spot and band being separated from the ground-color of the wing by a subhyaline margin. First anal cell with three subequal brown marks at its tip, second anal cell with about five at its tip. (Venation as in fig. 33.)
Abdomen: tergum dark brown, apices of segments more or less paler; sterna paler, more yellowish-brown, especially on the caudal margins of the segments; hypopygium light yellowish-brown be- neath.
A second specimen has the rostrum reddish-brown; the third antennal segment still more conspicuous, orange; the lateral marks on the mesothoracic prescutum and scutum much paler brown; pleuree paler brown.
Two specimens (males) from Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil (Coll. TH. H. Smith).
In American Museum of Natural History.
xo. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIND—ALEXANDER. 539
EPIPHRAGMA PUPILLATA, new species.
Pale yellow; a narrow brown median line on head; thoracic pleure with broad brown bands; fore femora with a pale brown subapical band; wings subhyaline with about nine darker spots along the costal margin and a few pale brown spots over the rest of the wing; an ocellate mark at the origin of the sector.
Male.—Length, 7 mm.; wing, 9-9.5 mm.; fore leg, femora, 6 mm.; tibia, 7.25 mm.; head: rostrum and palpi brown; antenne yellow; first segment elongate-cylindrical, second rounded-oval, remainder lacking; front, vertex and occiput light yellow, somewhat darker posteriorly with a rather narrow dark brown median line beginning at the narrowest portion of the front, continued caudad; front narrow, about three-fourths of the first antennal segment
Thorax: pronotum, yellow, brownish medially, with three dark brown rounded spots, the median one in front on the scutum, the lateral ones larger on sides of the seutellum. Mesonotum: preescutum, pale brownish-yellow, the lateral and cephalic margins of the sclerite broadly brown, continuing back to the wing-bases, a similarly colored, very narrow median line begins at the cephalic margin of the prx- seutum, continues backward with more or less distinctness to the suture; scutum yellowish, brownish medially, this color broadened ‘out on the caudal margin; scutellum pale yellow; post-notum, brown- ish-yellow. Metanotum darker, brown. Pleure: a narrow oblique | brown band running from the collare caudad to the wing bases, inclosing the mesothoracic stigma, bounded on either side by a very narrow pale line; remainder of pleurz and sterna dark brown. Tal-
| teres light yellow, the apical half of the stem and base of the knob slightly infuseated. Legs: coxe yellow, brown basally; fore leg, only, remains; femur light yellow with a pale brown subapical band; tibia light yellow throughout; tarsi lacking.
Wings (see fig. 37) subhyaline, nine brown spots along the anterior margin, the second being at the humeral cross-vein, fourth over the _ origin of R,, fifth, at the supernumerary cross-vein, sixth, at the tip of Sc,, seventh, at tip of R,, eighth and ninth, at tips of R, and _R,, respectively. A distinct eye-like spot, ifs pupil at the angulation of R,, pale brown. Three dark brown spots in cell Sc, under the _ third to fifth costal spots described above. Other pale brown marks
on the wing disk, as follows: semicircular extending from the third
costal spot backward across the base of cells R and M; a row of seven in cell second anal; one at tip of vein second anal; two at the end of cell first anal; four in the distal half of cell Cu; one at end of cell
M, in cell Cu and in cell M,; two in cell M,, two or three in cell R,;
a large one about the stigma, extending down into cells first R,, R.,
and base of R,; a semicircular one in cells first R, and end of R,
crossing the end of the sector; this last, with the stigmal spot, forms
540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44,
an incomplete ocellus in this region of the wing. Venation (see | fig. 37).
Abdomen: terga dark brown on segments 1 to 4; segments 5 to 8 paler brown; sterna, first dark brown, remainder paler brown; hypo- pygium pale yellow.
The paratype differs as follows:
Similar to the type, but shows the pleural markings better. The brown stripe inclosing the anterior stigma is here pale in front but darker near the wing-bases, and surrounded by the pale lines described above. Below this is a broad dark brown stripe, beginning on the ventral side of the pronotum, separating at the fore coxe and con- tinuing back across the epipleure as a broad, deep chocolate-brown band which becomes more indistinct in the vicinity of the meta- pleure. Ventrad of this band on the lateral margins of the meso- sterne is a pale silvery bloom, with a dark brown spot above almost |
|
continuous with the epipleural band and below changing to the dusky brown of the venter.
Wings about as in the holotype, but three spots in the end of cell first anal and a few of the other spots encroaching into various cells of the wing, but the size of these spots seems to be only relative and the number is generally probably as given in the type description.
Habitat —Holotype—Male, Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil (H. H. Smith, coll.). Paratype.—Male, same locality and collector.
Type.—In American Museum of Natural History. |
EPIPHRAGMA BUSCKI, new species. |
Related to £. solatriz and E. sackeni; differs from both species in its different wing-picture; from solatrix in leg-coloration, ete. .
Male——Length, 8 mm.; wing, 8.2 mm.; head: rostrum yellow; — palpi dark brown; antennze with the two basal segments dark brownish-black; remainder broken; vertex and -occiput brownish- gray, clearer gray nearest the eyes; a brown mark connecting the eyes back of the front; front gray; cervical sclerites and gene blackish.
Thorax: pronotum dark brown, the scutellum lighter; mesonotum: prescutum anteriorly light brown with five narrow brown lines run- ning from the cephalic margin backward, the median one is broadest in front and continues farthest caudad; caudal margin of the scle- rite with a thick whitish-yellow bloom, in front of which is a dark brown band extending from the ends of the transverse suture across the sclerite; the space between the lateral stripes is filled with brown, — giving the appearance of but three longitudinal stripes of which the lateral ones are broad; scutum light yellow with an indistinct brown — transverse band; scutellum brown caudally; postnotum light ochra- ceous-yellow with a brown base and tip; metanotum light yellow. | Pleure light silky yellow, with an interrupted dark brown band extending from near the caudal margin of the pronotum back a
Vwi 7 !)
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NHOTROPICAL LIMNOBINE—ALUENANDER. 541
the epipleure to the base of the abdomen. Halteres long, slender, stem yellow, knob brown with the extreme margin paler. Legs: coxx and trochanters dull yellow; middle coxa with a broad triangu- lar black mark on its caudal aspect; posterior coxee dark brownish. Hind leg only remains; femora brown except the base, a post-medial and a sub-apical band, yellow; tibie dark brown; tarsi light yellow- ish-brown.
Wings clear hyaline with an irregular brown picture; the brown markings not edged with lighter as in sackeni, and no tawny as in solairiz. Venation (see fig. 36).
Abdomen: first segment light yellow; tergites dark brown, the basal half clearer, darker brown, the apical half more indistinct; hypopygium dull yellow; sternites light yellow.
Habitat— Holotype—Male, San Francisco Mountains, Santo Domingo, West Indies, Sept., 1905 (Aug. Busck, coll.).
Type—In U.S. National Museum collection (No. 14938).
EPIPHRAGMA ADSPERSA Wiedemann,
Limnobia adspersa WreDEMANN, Auss. Zweifl. Inskt., vol. 1, 1828, p. 550—Hun- TER, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1900, p. 288.—Kerresz, Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, 1902, p. 169. Length, male, 8.25 mm.; wing, 10.2 mm. Head: rostrum and palpi brown; antenns: first segment dark brown with a gray bloom, second dark, brownish-black, third light yellow, fourth pale brownish-yellow, remainder dark brownish- black. Front rather broad, tawny yellow, a median brown line only on the occiput and caudal end of the vertex. _ Thorax: pronotum, yellow with an indistinct darker median line, | enlarged behind; mesonotum yellow anteriorly, the sclerite is nar-
rowly brownish, with a very narrow brown line running backward toward the suture; on the sides of the prescutum the brown is broader and clearer except anteriorly, where it is paler; scutum with a depressed area at the point of the suture; scutum, scutellum, post- notum and meta-notum dull yellowish-brown. Pleurz pale brown with the usual dusky epipleural stripe leading from the prosternum backward, and the dusky color on the venter. Halteres long, pale brown, knob not conspicuously brighter. Legs: middle pair; coxe pale, whitish; trochanters brown; femora dark brown, a narrow yellow band beyond the middle and,a broader one at the tip; tibia, base broadly yellow, middle tip of tibia yellow; tarsi conspicuously light yellow, the last segment more brown. Hind legs: coxe pale; tro- -chanters brown; femora dark, the band beyond the middle broader than in the middle pair, tip of femora and base of tibia with subequal bands of pale yellow; tibia almost all light yellow with a broad brown subapical band; tarsi, basal two-thirds of the metatarsus pale yellow, Test of the tarsi dark brown.
542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 44.
Wings: hyaline or nearly so; anterior margin with about eight large brown spots along the margin, the fifth being at the tip of Se; between the large spots are scattered smaller dots. The whole disk of the wing is covered with pale greyish-brown spots distributed as in the figure. Venation as in fig. 34.
Abdomen: tergum brown; sterna brown; apices of segments paler; hypopygium dark brown.
One male from ‘‘Forest, British Guiana; Aug. 5, 1911 (Crampton coll.). Specimen in the American Museum of Natural History.
Genus CTEDONIA Philippi.
Ctedonia Puurrr, Verh. Zodél-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 15, 1865, p. 602.—OsTEN Sacken, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, p. 334; Studies on Tipulide, pt. 2, 1887, p. 213.
The. following description is translated from Philippi’s original characterization of the genus’ by Osten Sacken. I have adopted this translation ? almost as it stands:
Head small, globose, attenuated behind, produced anteriorly into a stout hori- zontal rostrum. Eyes globose, rather remote. No ocelli. The antenne in length are equal to about three-quarters of the head and the thorax taken together; from 15 to 24 segmented; first segment cylindrical, stout; the second equal to one-third of the first, subglobular; the following eight (to 12), cylindrical, subequal, emitting a filament and thus forming a comb; the projection of the third’ segment is on the external side and short; the fourth segment has one on the inside and another on the outside; the segments 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and beyond, have on the inside a long pro- jection; segment 11 has a short one on the inside; the nine following segments are cylindrical and difficult to distinguish. Palpi 4-segmented, segments cylindrical, the fourth stout, rather short, although a little longerthan the third. The tibize have two spurs at the tip.
The genus was not represented in any of the material that I received for examination. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CTEDONIA,
1. Antenne with only 15 segments; wings hyaline with two black spots, the large one extending from cell first M, to the stigma. .bipunctulata® Philippi (Chile). —
Antennée with 22 or more'seoments:. 5. noc se- one oe eae dene = ee ee 2.
> Wings almost unicoloronss----— seco =e eee nee eee ee eee he
Wings with brown clouds, on a limpid ground..... pictipennis* Philippi (Chile).
3. Body gray; head blackish; wings yellowish with a pale brown stigmal spot; feet
yellowish, the tip of the fore femur with a brown band; antenne with 22 seg-
TNCN(S: sneak see hee ee ee ee EE ee flavipennis® Philippi (Chile).
Body yellow except the head, antenn, palpi, sternum of thorax including the
cox; tip of abdomen; tibie and tarsi, which are black; wings somewhat
* yellowish-brown; femora luteus; antennz with 24 segments. bicolor® Philippi (Chile).
bo
1 Verh. Zoél-Bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 15, 1865, p. 602.
2 Monographs, vol. 4, p. 334.
3 Verh. Zoél-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1865, p. 603, male and female (?). 4 Idem, p. 603, female.
‘Idem, pp. 602, 603, female.
6 Idem, p. 603, male.
No, 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIND—ALEXANDER 543
T have not included C. fusca Jaenn., as it is probably synonymous with flavipennis, above.
Genus LIMNOPHILA Macquart.
Limnophila Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., Suite & Buffon, vol. 1, 1834, p. 95.— OstEN SAcKEN, Monographs, vol. 4, 1869, pp. 196-202.
Phylidorea Brgor, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1854, p. 456.
Limnomya Ronpant, Prodromus Dipt. Italic, vol. 4, 1861, p. 11.
Pilaria StnTENIS, Sitzgsber. Naturf. Ges. Dorpat, vol. 8, 1888, p. 398.
The subgenera of the genus LIMNOPHILA Macquart.
Idioptera Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., Suite 4 Buffon, vol. 1, 1834, p. 94. Limnophila Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., Suite 4 Buffon, vol. 1, 1834, p. 95. Lasiomastix OstEN SAcKEN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 233. Prionolabis Osten Sacxen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 239. Dicranophragma OstEN SAackEN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 240. Dactylolabis Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 240. Ephelia Scutver, Wien. Ent. Monatschr., vol. 7, 1863, p. 222.
Poecilostola Scutner, Wien. Ent. Monatschr., vol. 7, 1863, p. 222. Rhienoptila Nowicxy, Verh. Zodél-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 17, 1867, p. 337. Eutonia v. d. Wuxp, Tijdschr. voor Entomol, vol. 17, 1874, p. 147.
I have refrained from giving a key to the included forms because the numerous species described by Blanchard and Philippi are almost certainly a mixture of several genera, and until more of these species are rediscovered it would be foolhardy to attempt a key in this group.
I am including in Limnophila the species described as Polymoria Philippi. The only species I have ever seen, P. lutea, is represented by a single legless specimen, and I am unable to decide as to whether or not this insect has spurred tibie.
LIMNOPHILA EPIPHRAGMOIDES, new species.
Light brown and yellow; halteres extremely long; wings hyaline, with a brown picture. Venation: Petiole of cell M, very short; basal deflection of Cu, far before the fork of M.
Female.—Length, 12.4 mm.; wing, 10.6 mm.; abdomen, 10 mm.; halteres, 2.3mm. Legs: fore, femora,7.1 mm.; tibia and tarsus gone; middle, femora, 7.1 mm.; tibia and tarsus gone; hind, femora, 8.2 mm.; tibia, 10 mm.; tarsus, 8.7 mm.
Alcoholic specimen—Head: rostrum and palpi brownish-yellow; antenne, first segment elongated, cylindrical, brown, second oval, yellow; flagellum broken. Eyes oval, large; front and vertex very narrow between the eyes, yellowish-brown.
Thorax: brown; stripes on the mesothoracice prescutum ill-defined; the post-notum rather more yellow. Pleure light yellow, a brown linear mark above the base of the halteres and a small brown spot above the base of each coxa. Halteres extremely long, much longer than the thorax, stem yellow, the knob brown, clothed with fine papille. Legs: coxe yellow, apically with a narrow ring of brown;
544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44,
femora yellow, gradually darker, more brownish, toward the tip of the segment; remainder of the legs light yellow.
Wings hyaline; cells C, Sc, Se,, first R,, second R,, R, and the ante- rior border of R light brown; a light yellow spot near the distal end of eells C and Se; a clear yellow spot on the basal third of cell Se,, at end of cells second R, and R,; a dark brown suffusion at the end of veins Se and Se,, R,, R, and a very large one at the end of R,. Remainder of the wing with light brown markings as follows: along the cord, in cell R,, excepting three hyaline spots at the base, at the first quarter, and a rectangular spot at the middle, cell R,, apex and middle brown; a brown cloud along the cross-vein m and second deflection of M,, a continuation of the medial band in cell R;; brown marks in base and apex of cell M,, apex of cell second M,; apex and middle of M,; a large cloud at the end of Cu, and first A; around the basal deflection of Cu,, at the fork of R,, and two eye-like spots in the middle of cell Cu and above the end of second anal. Venation: Se rather long, extending to opposite the fork of R,,,; Se, at the tip of Se,;7 far removed from the tip of R,; R,,, short, rather longer than the basal deflection of Cu,; basal deflection of R,,; arcuated, nearer the base of the wing than the rest of the cord; M,,, beyond m (i. e., petiole of cell M,) very short, shorter than the cross-vein 7; basal deflection of Cu, far anterior to the fork of M, the distance that M is fused with Cu, greater than the deflection of Cu, alone. (See fig. 40.)
Abdomen: tergum brown, bases and apices of segments yellow; a narrow, transverse, yellow band near the middle of each segment interrupted medially, forming two rectangular spots; on segments 5-8 the yellow bases to the segments are not evident, but are re- placed by small, square or rounded dots at the latero-cephalic margin of the sclerites; ovipositor with short yellowish valves; sternum, yel- low, with a broad, brown subbasal blotch on each sclerite, triangular on its anterior margin.
Habitat.— Holotype-—Female, Igarape Assti, Paré, Brazil; January 30, 1912 (Parish, coll.).
Type.—In Cornell University collection.
LIMNOPHILA NACREA, new species.
Color, silvery gray, antenne white, excepting segments 1, 2, and 16, which are dark.
Female.—Length, 8.2 mm.; wing, 8.4 mm. Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antennz: first segment short, cylindrical, second of the same diameter, short, flagellar segments elongate, gradually shorter to the end, with a few long hairs on the basal half of each segment, each segment being covered with a dense pubescence, two scapal segments dark brown, third segment brownish at base,
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBIND—ALEXANDER. 545
whitish-yellow apically, remaining segments, except the last, white, ultimate segment black. Front rather broad; head triangular behind; eyes conical, with coarse ommatidia; front, vertex, and occiput light silvery gray.
Thorax: pronotum white; mesonotum: prescutum pearl gray, whitish along the lateral margin; no evidence of a pseudo sutural pit or fovea; scutum gray, yellower caudad; post-notum dull gray. Pleure light brownish-yellow, the sternum clear light yellow. Hal- teres long, slender, light brown. Legs long, slender; coxe light yel- low; remainder of the legs light brownish-yellow, the apical segments darker.
Wings pearly white; stigma pale brown; veins light brownish- \yellow. Venation: Se long, Se, ending about opposite to the fork of the sector; Sc, near its tip; R, long, rather close to R,. R, short, gently arcuated; R,,, gently arcuated, short, equal to R,; R, short, oblique; R, long, feebly sinuated. M,,, fused to the wing margin; cross-vein m obliterated; fusion of Cu, with M, about equal to M, before the basal deflection of Cu,, both shorter than the deflec- tion; second anal long, gently sinuated. (See fig. 19.)
Abdomen brown, the ovipositor yellow.
Habitat — Holotype —Female, Cinchona, Jamaica, West Indies, Feb. 24,1911.
Type.—In American Museum of Natural History.
The open cell first M, may be an abnormality of the specimen; if not, the insect may be the representative of a new subgenus.
LIMNOPHILA LENTOIDES, new species.
Male.——Length, 5.2-5.4 mm; wing, 6.9-7 mm. Head: Rostrum and palpi brown; antenne: basal segment elongate-cylindrical, second globular, cyathiform, dull yellow; flagellar segments rather regularly oval, clothed with a fine pubescence, dark brownish-black. Front and anterior portion of the vertex gray; caudal portion of the vertex, and the occiput, gradually darker brown.
Thorax: pronotum distinct, brown with a grey bloom. Mesonotum brown with a yellowish-grey bloom; pseudosutural pit on the preescu- tum, small, semilunate, black. Pleure light gray. Halteres long, light brown. Legs: coxe and trochanters llight yelow; femora yellowish-brown; tibie and tarsi light brown.
Wings subhyaline, with brownish-yellow veins. (See fig. 21.)
Abdomen: tergites brown; sternites dull yellow.
Female.—The female is larger and has the wings strongly tinged with yellow (length, 8.8 mm.; wing. 8.8 mm.). This specimen lacks a cell first. M, in both wings.
Paratype No. 1 is like the type. but the mesothoracic prescutum shows four indistinct brown stripes, two long, narrow ones on either
69077°—Proc.N.M.vol.44—13——35
546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 44,
side of the median line, and a broader one extending from behind the pseudosuture back to the transverse suture. The venation seems to be almost as variable as in the northern L. lenta Osten Sacken.
Habitat.— Holotype.—Male, Totonicipan, Guatemala, Central Ameri- can, 1902 (G. Eisen). Allotype.—Female with the type. Paratypes.— Three males with the type.
Type.—In U. S. National Museum collection (No. 14939).
LIMNOPHILA CINERACEA Philippi.
Limnophila cineracea Puteri, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien., vol. 15, 1865, p. 611.—Hounter, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1900, p. 292.—Kerresz, Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, 1902, p. 228.
Male.—Length, 6.5 mm.; wing, 7.6 mm.
Head: rostrum black; antenne short, the segments rounded or subglobular, black; front, vertex and occiput brown with a light gray bloom; numerous long, scattered hairs behind the eyes.
Thorax: pronotum: scutum gray, strongly suffused with brown in the middle; scutellum gray, more brownish on the lateral margins; mesonotum: prescutum pale brown with a light gray bloom, a more or less distinct brown stripe along the middle, extending from the transverse suture almost to the cephalic margin of the sclerite; pseudo-suture black, comma-shaped; tuberculate pits not visible; scutum, scutellum and post-notum black, dusted with light grey; pleure dark, dusted uniformly with light gray. Halteres pale throughout. Legs: coxe gray; trochanters yellowish-brown; femora brown, more yellowish basally; tibie and tarsi brown.
Wings whitish, subhyaline; veins brown; a very pale, ill-defined, brown stigma. Venation: Sc. long, extending almost to the fork of Rs.; cross vein r-m very strongly arcuated, U-shaped; cell first M, long and narrow; deflection of M, longer than the cross vein m; basal deflection of Cu, in under cell first M,.
Abdomen: tergum brown; lateral margins of the sclerites paler, yellowish; hypopygium reddish brown.
“Chile,” E. C. Reed, coll.
Specimen in U.S. National Museum collection.
The species belongs to the lenta group of the genus, in which cell M, is entirely lacking.
LIMNOPHILA GUTTULATISSIMA, new species.
Light brown, the thorax with darker spots; legs yellow; wings subhyaline, with abundant brown dots.
Male.—Length, 8.2 mm.; wing, 10 mm.; hind leg, femur, 7.5 mm.: tibia, 8.4 mm.; tarsus, 6.6 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brownish-black; antenne, basal segment black, remainder broken. Front and vertex gray with a
es
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINY—ALEXANDER. 547
triangular black mark between the eyes and a brown margin on the inside of the eye; vertex thickly dotted with brown; occiput gray.
Thorax: pronotum gray; mesonotum: preescutum, pale brown with a grayish bloom in front, with indistinct darker brown spots on the caudal half of the sclerite; seutum, light brownish-yellow, with a large rounded dark brown spot on either side of the median line and a smaller lateral spot which is continued cephalad upon the caudal portion of the prescutum; scutellum gray, suffused with brown anteriorly, a blackish edging along the caudal margin; post-notum grey. Pleure brown, with a decided gray bloom. Halteres light yellow. Legs: anterior: coxe and trochanters light yellow, re- mainder broken; middle and hind: cox and trochanters brownish- yellow; femora yellowish-brown; tibize and tarsi similar, the three apical tarsal segments brown.
Wings: subhyaline, veins yellow, especially in the cephalic portion of the wing; all the cells with numerous fine dots of light brown, these dots assuming a reticulated appearance in the caudal cells, con- fluent, forming large brown blotches about the base of Rs, along the cord and running cephalad over the fork of R,,,, and the apical portions of cells second R,, R,, and R,. Venation (see fig. 38, from which the wing pattern has been omitted): Se rather short, ending just beyond the fork of R,,,; Sc, at the tip of Se,, slightly longer than Sc,; Se, remote from the tip of R,. Rs long, arcuated at its origin; R,,, short; R, strongly arceated at its origin; r far back from the tip of R,; Mi: beyond m longer than either M, or M,, which are subequal. Basal deflection of Cu, in under the middle of cell first M,.
Abdomen: tergum brown, the lateral margins of the sclerites yellow; hypopygium reddish-yellow; sternum yellow, the sixth and seventh segments more brownish.
Habitat.— Holotype.—Male, Totonicipan, Guatemala, Central Amer- ica (Eisen, coll.).
Type.—In U. S. National Museum collection (No. 14940).
? LIMNOPHILA LUTEA Philippi.
Polymoria lutea Puturprt, Verh. Zodl-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 15, 1865, p. 609.— Hunter, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, 1900, p. 290.—Kerresz, Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, 1902, p. 198.
Male.—Length, 10.7 mm; wing, 12-12.2 mm. Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne brown, the flagel- lar segments rather brighter; front, vertex and occiput dark brown. Thorax: prescutum reddish-yellow with indistinct reddish stripes on either side of the middle line; scutum deep brownish-red; scu- tellum reddish-yellow; postnotum brown; pleurse brown, the pro- pleure lighter, yellowish. Halteres, stem and knob light yellow.
548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 44.
Legs: coxe and trochanters yellow, the former obscured; remainder — of legs gone. | Wings strongly tinged with yellow; costal cell light yellowish- brown; extreme base of cell second R, and tip of cell first R, brown; — a rounded white mark in cell first R, just above the fork of R,,5; _
most of cell second R, white; tips of cells R, and R, very pale, sub- hyaline; veins yellow, C, Sc and R more brownish. Venation: Rs | very long, almost straight at its origin and about in a line with R,,, and R,; R,,, very short, shorter than the cross vein r~m; R, strongly arcuated at its origin; M,,, beyond cross vein m shorter than either — M, or M, alone; basal deflection of Cu, beyond the middle of cell — first M,; second anal elongate sinuated. |
Abdomen: tergum light yellow, especially along the lateral mar- | gins of the sclerites; along the mid-dorsal line, darker, brown. Hypopygium reddish-yellow. The genitalia suggest L. adusta Osten | Sacken and its allies, and also Polymera, consisting of elongate, cylindrical pleural pieces set with long pale hairs and bearing apically appendages which are dark colored, chitinized and denticulate on their outer face.
“Chile” (E. C. Reed, coll.).
Specimen in U.S. National Museum collection.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLate 65.
. Hypopygium of Polymera obscura. . Wing of Polymera superba.
Wing of Polymera hirticornis. Wing of Polymera thoracica.
. Wing of Polymera inornata.
. Wing of Polymera grisea.
. Wing of Polymera conjuncta.
. Wing of Cryptolabis tropicalis.
. Wing of Sacandaga parva.
. Wing of Mongoma longifusa.
. Wing of Mongoma extensa.
. Wing of Molophilus thaumastopodus. . Wing of Mongoma niveitarsis.
Fig.
ra) SMM N Dob ON
Ll coll eel one
Pate 66.
_ ~
Fig. 14. Wing of Gonomyia puer.
. Wing of Gonomyia unicolor.
. Wing of Polymera niveitarsis.
. Wing of Polymera pleuralis.
. Wing of Polymera obscura.
. Wing of Limnophila nacrea.
. Wing of Erioptera immaculata.
. Wing of Limnophila lentoides.
. Wing of Mongoma disjuncta.
. Wing of Gnophomyia subhyalina.
i a o
4
et cos
so to ~~ ©
t
tb t> co to
no. 1966. SYNOPSIS OF NEOTROPICAL LIMNOBINE/—ALBEXANDER. 549
Pate 67. Fig. 24. Wing of Prioptera costalis. 25. Wing of Erioptera knabi. 26. Wing of Hrioptera eiseni. 27. Wing of Erioptera parva brasiliensis. 28. Wing of Prioptera splendida (vein sc. accidentally omitted). 29. Wing of Gnophomyia luctuosa. 30. Wing of Gnophomyia hirsuta. 31. Wing of Gnophomyia magnifica. 32. Wing of Gnophomyia rufithorax.
Pate 68.
Fig. 33. Wing of Epiphragma fabricii.
34. Wing of Epiphragma adspersa.
35. Wing of Zpiphragma imitans.
86. Wing of Epiphragma buscki.
87. Wing of Epiphragma pupillata.
38. Wing of Limnophila guttulatissima (pattern omitted).
39. Wing of Lecteria matto-grossex.
40. Wing of Limnophila epiphragmoides.
41. Wing of Lecteria obliterata.
42, Wing of Lecteria armillaris.
Pal 6 fA AJ. Aes
he We. 2
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 65
VENATION OF NEOTROPICAL CRANE FLIES.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 548,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 66
VENATION OF NEOTROPICAL CRANE FLIES.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 548.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 67
VENATION OF NEOTROPICAL CRANE FLIES.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 549.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 44 PL. 68
VENATION OF NEOTROPICAL CRANE FLIES.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 549,
CRANE-FLIES OF JAPAN
(Reprinted from the Canadian Entomologist)
f REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF JAPANESE CRANE- FLIES (TIPULIDAE) WITH A KEY TO THE
SPECIES OF PTYCHOPTERA
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER
July, 1913 - September, 1913 October, 1913 - May, 1914
June, 1914 - July, 1914
ITHACA, N. Y.
4485
pages 197-210
285-295 313-322 157-164 205-213 236-242
. ' IA
The annaatliany Fantomalogist
VoL. XLV. LONDON, JULY, 1913 No. 7
REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF JAPANESE CRANE- FLIES (TIPULIDA), WITH A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PTYCHOPTERA.
BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, ITHACA, N.Y.*
An extensive collection of Japanese crane-flies, taken by Dr. S. I. Kuwana and assistant entomologists in the vicinity of Nishiga- hara, Tokio, Japan, during the season of 1912, was forwarded to me for examination. The material, alcoholic, is contained in 62 vials, very carefully prepared and with complete data. I express my sincere thanks to Dr. Kuwana and his assistants for this fine rep- resentation of Japanese Tipulidae and Ptychopteride.
Family Ptychopteride Genus Ptychoptera Meigen. Key to the species of Ptychoptera.
1. Wings with a distinct brown cross-band along the cord |... .2 Wings hyaline or subhyaline without a distinct brown cross- band along the cord.
bo
Radial sector more than twice as long as the radio-median cross-vein. (aire) og aoenne ......contaminata L. Radial sector rarely longer than the Satan dian cross-vein.. .3 3. Posterior metatarsus conspicuously white. WEB ULODE) Bis ee ee es ets rorgs weperaions yo. = albimana Fabr. Posterior metatarsus not white. 4. Pleura reddish yellow; a short brown cross-band near the mid- dle of the radial cell. (East. U.S.).........rufocincta O.S. Pleuree black; no brown cross-band near the middle of the ALA CE | ates tery teeta wee dae NECA. et aide Ree 5 5. All coxe yellow or reddish-yellow; scape of antennze brownish- MEOWsOLSVEllLOWsies is tra tue cae tae nls cf sas eacho ee 6
* Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University.
198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
Fore cox yellowish, other coxa black; scape of antennz black.
(Jjapan).2 7. Se eee eee eee japonica, sp. n. 6= Scutellum yellow. ((Buropele sei eee lacustris Meig. Scutellumblack=s232 22 25 ine he ne eee i
~I
Abdomen with the basal third of the second segment and the basal one-half of the third segment reddish orange.
(india) is3.32. ae eee distincta Brun. Abdomen entirely black. (Europe)........... paludosa Meig. 8. Femora and tibie bright orange-yellow, tarsi coal-black. (Abdomen orange-yellow, tergites with blackish borders to the segments; sternites orange-yellow.)
(India) tcnéc.oee Seca en Cero atritarsis Brun. Femora and tibia more or less black or brown; tarsi not coal-- blaGk ws 2is.cc.6 cares er EE a ae 9
9. Pleure:silvery-whites ¢i-44 32.05hN eee oe ce eee 10
Pleuree not white. Thorax different in colour in the two sexes; femora bright yellow, hind pair black on the basal two-thirds except the extreme base. (India)........... tibialis Brun.
10. Hind coxe black except at tip; femora brown at tip; scutellum reddish; hypopygium large, reddish; first segment of the antennce reddishs |(West.Uco))eee iene eee ene lenis O.S.
Coxee and femora yellow, the latter black at the tip; scutellum yellow; hypopygium small, mostly blackish; antennal scape black. i(Burope)s- cee eee en eee scutellaris Meig.
Ptychoplera japonica, sp. n.
Wings banded; radial sector very short; antenne of the male very long, about as long as the body; abdomen with little reddish or yellowish colour.
Male.—Length, 8.5 mm; wing, 8.9 mm; antenne, 8.4 mm.; fore leg, femur, 5.4 mm.; tibia, 5.4 mm.; tarsus, 8 mm.; middle leg, femur; 5.4 mm.; tibia, 5.1 mm.; tarsus, 7 mm. _ Hind leg, femur, 6.1 mm.; tibia, 6.8 mm.; tarsus, 6.3 mm.
Female.—Length, 11.5-13.5 mm.; wing, 10.7-10.8 mm. Fore leg, femur, 5.6-5.8 mm.; tibia, 5.1-5.4 mm.; tarsus, 7 mm. Middle leg, femur, 5.4 mm.; tibia, 5.4 mm; tarsus, 6.8 mm. Hind
leg, femur, 6.2 mm.; tibia, 6.8 mm.; tarsus, 6.2 mm.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 199
Male.—Rostrum and palpi light brownish-yellow; front and vertex very dark coloured, occiput similar. Antenna, segment one black, segment two black at base, brown apically, segment three yellowish on basal half, black apically, remainder of antenne black; antenne very long, as long as the body ; segments one and two short, the third segment very long, segments 4 to 15 long, gradually shortening, terminal segment very short.
Thoracic pronotum deep bluish-black; mesonotum, including the pleurz similar. Halteres rather pale dull whitish. Fore legs with yellow coxa, dark at base, yellow trochanter, yellow femur broadly tipped with blackish, yellow tibia narrowly tipped with blackish, metatarsus yellowish-brown—darkened into brownish- black at the tip, remaining tarsal segments brownish black; middle and hind legs similar, but their coxee blackish and the black femoral tips narrower. Wings with cell C yellowish brown, Sc and R more yellowish, remainder of wing hyaline or nearly so, a brown mark at the base of the wingin the neighbourhood of cross-vein h, a cross-band at the cord, often irregular, often a rounded brown spot on vein Cu.1 midway between cross-vein m-cu and the tip of the vein, brown marks at end of vein Ri, fork of Rss and fork of M. Venation (see plate II¥., fig. 7); Rs very short, much shorter than cross-vein r-m, basal deflection of Ra+s short but distinct, about one-half as long as Rs, cross-vein m-cu long, curved, longer than the basal deflection of Cu.1, placed opposite or very slightly beyond cross-vein r-m.
Abdomen, Ist segment very short, 2nd a little longer than the 4th, 3rd very long, as long as the succeeding 4 segments combined, segments 4-8 successively shorter. Abdomen dark brownish black, basal half of segment 4 orange. Hypo- pygium, 8th tergite narrow, short, widely separated from the some- what broader 8th sternite, 9th tergite viewed from above very deeply incised, this incision rectangular, the caudad projecting lateral lobes are somewhat swollen basally, narrowed behind, slightly enlarged at the tips, densely clothed with long black hairs, between the lateral arms is a small rounded lobe, directed caudad; the 9th pleurite reaches the 8th tergite, the 9th tergite and 9th sternite being more widely separated; the 9th tergite is triangular,
200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
its apex rounded, bearing a long slender appendage at its tip on the inner side, this appendage long, slender and curved proximad so that each touches its mate of the opposite side, these appendages thickly clothed with long black hairs. The 9th sternite is very high at its base, extending up beyond the ventral level of the 8th tergite, its caudal ventral margin strongly chitinized, produced caudad and dorsad into a long slender arm, just dorsad of which is a shorter, strongly chitinized arm, with five or six blunt teeth on the ventral face. The guards of the penis are separated except at the base, divergent, chitinized, slender, rather blunt at the end, but the outer angle produced distad into a long slender arm. (See pl. IV., fig. 12- 16).
Female—Similar to the male, with the following exceptions: Antenne short; black on tips of femora even more extensive, in fore femur covering almost one-half of the segment; tibiee almost uni- formly brown. Abdomen, tergites 1 to 6 dark brown; segment 7 brown, apical third white; 8th tergite mostly whitish; sternum lighter brown. 9th tergite, blade-like, pointed; 9th sternite short, produced into a short lobe on its dorsocaudal angle; ovipositor chestnut-brown. (See pl. IV.; fig. 11.)
Vial No. 29, Tokyo, Japan; May 7, 1912. 1o¢,5 9. Male, Tokyo, Japan; May 7, 1912.
Female, with the type.
Holotype. Allotype.
Paratypes.—lour females, with the type. Types in the author’s collection. Paratypes in the U. S. National Museum and Cornell Univer- sity collections. _ Family Trpulide Tribe Limnobint.
Genus Dicranomyia Stephens. DICRANOMYIA JAPONICA, sp. n.
Subcosta long; wings with a distinct stigma and faint clouds along the cord; femora tipped with brown.
Male——Length, 9-9.4 mm; wing, 9.4-10 mm; antenne 3.2 mm. Female: Length, 10.2-11.4 mm; wing, 9.3-10.6 mm.
CaN. ENT., VOL. XLV.
cS JAPANESE CRANE-FLIES (ALEXANDER).
202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
Male —Rostrum and palpi brown; antenna, segments 1 and 2 pale whitish yellow; segment 3 yellowish basally, brown at tip; re- mainder of antenne dark brown. Antenne long; flagellar segments long, cylindrical, subequal in length. Front, vertex and occiput, dark brown; gene lighter colored, more yellowish.
Pronotum dark brown medially, yellowish on sides; mesonotal preescutum light yellow, with a broad, conspicuous median brown stripe; scutum with the lobes dark brown, paler medially; scutel- lum dark brown, except the narrow median incision on the anterior margin; post-notum largely dark brown. Pleure dull light yellow, the mesopleure suffused with brownish. Halteres rather long, pale, knob a little darker. Legs, coxe and trochanters light yel- low, femora dull yellow, the tip brown; tibie dull yellow, tip scarcely darker; tarsi, segment 1 dull brownish yellow basally, darkening to brown on apical third; remainder of tarsi brown. Wing pale brownish yellow, costal and subcostal cells rather clearer yellowish; veins brown; a conspicuous brown stigma; very pale grey clouds along the cord, outer end of cell Ist Me, and at origin of Rs. Venation see fig; Sc long, ending before fork of Rs, See longer than Sci, at the tip; Rs long arcuated at origin some- times with a spur. (See pl. III.; fig. 9.)
Abdomen, tergites largely brown, usually with a yellow tri- angle on the anterior portion of the sides of the sclerites; sternite yellow; 8th and 9th, brown; 8th tergite, with caudal margin pale, straight; 9th tergite, with caudal margin strongly convex; with a brown median mark. Pleural pieces short, triangular, very broad at base, narrowed apically; dorsal apical appendage short, cylin- drical, narrowed at tip, its inner or caudal margin provided with 4—5 rounded teeth. Ventral arm a small, rounded, little chitinzed lobe, covered with long hairs; guard of the penis very long, pale, projecting beyond the apical appendages, bifid at tip with 2 slight- ly chitinzed divergent horns, these horns directed ventrad; 2nd gonapophyses, slender, much shorter than the penis guard, scarcely enlarged at end, but inner face produced into a short, indistinct tooth. (See pl. IV.; fig. 10.)
Female about as in the male; valves of the ovipositor rather long, the tergal valves much longer than the sternal valves. : £ g
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
203
Variations: In some specimens the basal 4 or 5 segments are pale; yellow triangles on sides of abdominal tergites vary in dis- tinctness.
Vial No. 4—Tokyo, Japan; April 25,1912. 1 0.
Vial No. 14—Tokyo, Japan; April 25, 1912. 1 9.
Vial No. 15.—Tokyo, Japan; April 25, 1912. 4 os,2 9s
Vial No. 24.—Tokyo, Japan; April 27, 1912. 7 os, 6 9s.
Vial No. 32.—Tokyo, Japan; May 7, 1912. 3 9s.
: Vial No. 33—Tokyo, Japan; May 7, 1912. 2 os.
Vial No. 37 —Tokyo, Japan; May 7, 1912. 1 @.
Vial No. 38.—Tokyo, Japan; May 7, 1912. 1 9.
Holotype——o", Tokyo, Japan; April 27, 1912. (Vial 24).
Allotype.— ?, with the type (Vial 24).
Paratvpes.—14 o's; 12 Qs; Tokyo, Japan; 1912.
Types in author’s collection.
Paratypes in U.S. National Museum and Cornell University collections.
D. japonica resembles umbrata Meij. from Java (1) but the legs are much paler, wing-pattern and venation different, and it is a much larger species (wing, 9-10 mm.; in wmbrata, 5 mm.).
April 25-May 7,
Dicranomyia nebulosa, sp. n.
Subcosta long; wings clouded with grey; femora pale apically, with a dark subterminal ring.
Male —Length, 5.4 mm.; wing, 5.8 mm.
Male.—Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenna, Ist segment brown at base, more yellowish at the tip, succeeding segments brown; flagellar segments rounded, short-pedicallate, these pedicels being whitish; front, vertex and occiput, very dark blackish.
Pronotum | brownish-yellow, ‘darker brown medially above. Mesonotum rather gibbous, brown, a narrow, darker brown, median line on the preescutum; lateral margin of this sclerite with a rounded dark brown spot which is connected with short lateral stripes nearer to the median vitta; scutum light brown, lobes mar- gined with dark brown; scutellum with a dark brown median mark: postnotum brown. Pleure brown, almost uniform, paler near the
(1) (Tijd voor Entomol.; Vol. 44; p. 25; pl. 1, f. 7.;
1911.)
204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
sternum. Halteres pale. Legs, coxee and trochanters light yellow; femora light brown, becoming light yellow on the apical sixth and with a conspicuous, dark-brown, subapical ring; tibiee dark brown; tarsi broken. Wings, whitish or subhyaline; costal cell slightly more yellowish; grey clouds as follows: At origin of Rs (largest), at stigma, at tip of Sc, along cord, along outer end of cell Ist Mz and in the center of mostof the cells. Venation, (see pl. III.; fig.10) ; Se long, extending far beyond the origin of Rs, Sc2 at the tip of Se1, Rs almost square at its origin and spurred (in the types), cell Re almost as far proximad as cell Ist Me (as in F. stulta O.S.), cell Ist Me long, longer than the veins issuing from it, basal deflection of Cu.1 at the fork of M.
Abdomen, tergum dark brown; caudal margins of the 7th, 8th and 9th segments more yellowish; sternum dull yellow. Hypo- pygium (see figs. 8,9; pl. 1V.); 9th tergite short, its cephalic and cau- dal margin convex, its caudal half provided with a number of long hairs. Pleura very long, cylindrical, the tips produced into a slender lobe on the ventral side; two apical appendages, which are very short and inconspicuous, being scarcely one-third as long as the plura; dorsal appendage simple, short, slender and subchitini- ized, not exceeding the ventral appendage; ventral appendage double, its dorsal arm being small, triangular and with the caudal or outer face bearing a chitinized tooth, its tip produced entad and cephalad into a blunt lobe; the ventral arm is produced entad into a small lobe, with the tip evenly rounded. Viewed from the side, the pleura is broad, its ventral margin rounded at the base, at the middle of its length produced into a spatulate fleshy lobe which is directed caudad. The guard of the penis is long (extending about to the extreme tip of the pleura), and slender. broad at the. base, narrowed toward the tip, the end little, if any, enlarged: the apex is very slightly notched; viewed from the side, it is seen that the extreme tip is bent ventrad; viewed from above, the guard seems to be concave, its lateral margins being more strongly chitinized. The second gonapophyses are rather long, dark brown, subrounded or scarcely pointed at the apex; at their base they are about as broad as the base of the penis guard; the lateral margin of the apophyse is produced dorsad into an incurved, chitinized flap or
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205
margin, which, on the sides, protects the Short, slightly emarginate anal tube.
Vial No. H.—Tokyo, Japan; Aug. 1912. 1 o%. Holotype, o'.—Tokyo, Japan; Aug. 1912. Type in the author’s collection.
D. nebulosa resembles unibrata Meij. (Java), but the leg-pat- tern and venation are quite different.
Genus Geranomyia Haliday. Geranonvyia avocetta, sp. n.
Wings spotted; thoracic dorsum brown, the humeral portions of the prascutum yellow; tibial apices not blackened.
Male—Length, excluding the proboscis, 7.5-7.7 mm.; pro- boscis, 3-3.6 mm.; wing, 7.8-7.9 mm. :
Male.—Proboscis and palpi dark brown, the former more yel- lowish basally; antennz, basal segments dark brown, flagellar seg- ments somewhat lighter brown, segments rounded-oval; front, ver- tex and occiput dark-colored, almost black.
Pronotum dark brown; in the paratypical specimen, the caudal margin of the scutum and the scutellum, yellowish. Mesonotal prescutum with a broad, dark brown, median line, widened behind; humeral angles conspicuously light yellow, behind darkening into brown of a lighter shade than the broad median vitta; scutum with the lobes dark brown, median line paler; scutellum and postnotum brown. Pleurze dull brownish-yellow, clearer below. Halteres pale, knob a little browner. Legs: Coxe and trochanters light yellow, the latter margined with black at the tip; femora and tibiae light brown, scarcely darkened at their tips; terminal tarsal seg- ments darker brown. Wings, hyaline or nearly so, the costal cells and veins more tawny; veins light brown, darker brown where tra- versed by dark markings; seven brown marks along the costal mar- gin, the third at the origin of Rs extending down almost to vein M; the fourth at the tip of Sc extending down into cell Ist Ri; the 5th (stigmal) spot, largest, rectangular; the sixth and seventh spots at ends of veins Res and Ras; cord and outer end of cell Ist Me seamed with brown; a brown spot at ends of most of the veins, most distinct and largest at the 2nd anal vein. Venation (see pl. III.; fig.8): Sc long, ending nearer to the ferk of Rs than to
206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
its origin; Sce at tip of Sci; Rs long, nearly three times as long as the basal deflection of R4+s; basal deflection of Cu. at fork of M.
Abdominal tergum brown, anterior margins of the basal seg- ments somewhat more yellowish; sternum pale whitish-vellow. Hypopygium (see figs. 5-7; pl. IV.): 8th tergite short, consisting only of a narrow ring, almost straight on its cephalic margin, concave on the caudal margin; 9th tergite convex anteriorly, concave on caudal margin. Pleural pieces very short, cylindrical, not more than twice as long as wide, bearing two apical appendages. The- dorsal appendage is a short, slender, strongly curved hook, sharp pointed and more chitinized at its tip; it is directed entad, cephalad and dorsad. The ventral lobes are long, fleshy, between two and three times as long as the pleura and much thicker; at their base, on the inner side, is a short, fleshy tooth, more chitinized at its tip, directed cephalad and dorsad and meeting its mate of the opposite side on the median line; near the tip, on the outer or caudal face, are two, long, slender, subequal bristles, directed caudad. The ventral side of the pleura is produced into a lobe, enlarged apically and directed entad and slightly caudad. The guard of the penis is short, extending slightly beyond the most caudad-projecting portion of the pleura; it is swollen at the base, less so in the middle of its length, its tip small, chitinized, bifid at apex, the tip directed slightly ventrad. The second gonapophyses are very short, and, viewed from above, barely project beyond the fleshy lobe leing between them.
Vial No. 8.—Tokyo, Japan; April 25, 1912. 10.
Vial No. 49—Tokyo, Japan; August, 1912. 1 o.
Holotype, o'.—Vial No. 8.
Paratype, o'.—Vial No. 49.
Types in the author's collection.
G. avocetta, compared with the four Javan species described by de Meijere, agrees most closely with G. montana, which, however, has the wing-pattern much less distinct. From the North Ameri- can G. rostrata Say, it differs conspicuously in its unicolorous tibie.
Genus Rhipidia Meigen. Rhipidia pulchra septentrionis, subsp. n. This subspecies differs from typical pulchra Meij.* (Java) in
*Neue und bekannte sudasiatische Dipteren ; p. 92, fig. 7. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, vol. 17, 1904.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 207
antennal coloration, the flagellar segments being alternately dark and light-coloured; segments, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 are whitish, the re- mainder of the antennae brown. The wings have a large spot at the base of Cu and the venation is not as figured by de Meijere. (Com- pare fig. 1; pl. IIT.)
Female.—Length, 7.6-8.6 mm.; wing, 7.4 mm.
Vial No. 10.—Tokyo, Japan; April 25, 1912. 2 9s.
Holotype and Paratype in author’s collection.
In Tijd Voor Entomol., Vol. 44, p. 27, figs. 14-16, de Meijere refers this to Dicranomyia. However, I believe his original refer- ence of the species to be the correct one—this belief based on vena- tional hypopygial characters.
Tribe Antochini Genus Rhamphidia Meigen. Rhamphidia nipponensis, sp. n.
Rostrum short; palpi pale; wings hyaline without darker
marks.
Female.—Length, 8.9 mm.; wing, 7.8 mm.; middle leg, femur, 6.6 mm.; tibia, 7 mm.; tarsus, 6.7 mm.
Female.—Rostrum light brown; labrum light yellow; palpi light brownish-yellow; antenna brown, flagellar segments cylin- drical with short black bristles not exceeding the segment in length, the outer segments not conspicuously narrowed; front, vertex, oc- ciput and gene dark brown.
Pronotum dark brown, mesonotal praescutum light brown, with three broad, darker brown stripes, the median one longest, broadest, very dark brown in front; the lateral stripes begin behind the pseudosutural fovea and cross the suture, suffusing the lobes of the scutum; scutum medially light brown, on margins yellow- ish-brown; scutellum brown, margined with yellowish; postnotum brown. Pleuree brownish-yellow, suffused with brown on portions of the mesopleure; mesosternum brown. Halteres light yellow, knob slightly darker, brown. Legs: coxe light yellow, tipped with pale brown; trochanters yellow; femora yellowish-brown, rather clearer yellowish basally; tibia brown, tarsi brown, terminal seg- ments rather darker. Wings, hyaline or nearly so; veins brownish
CAN. ENT., VOL. XLV. PLATE IV.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 209
yellow, stigma not indicated. Venation (see fig. 1; plate IV.); cross- _vein r-m distinct; basal deflection of Cuz beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen, tergum and sternum dark brown; ovipositor light yellow.
Vial No. 28.—Tokyo, Japan; April 26, 1912. 19.
Holotype, 2 .—Vial No. 28, in author's collection.
This species differs from the European R. longirostris by its shorter rostrum, cylindrical flagellar segments with short bristles; pale maxillary palpi and other colorational differences, which may, of course, vary in series.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE III.
Fig. 1. Wing of Rhipidia pulchra septentrionis, sub sp. n. Fig. 2. Wing of Limnophila japonica, sp. n..
Fig. 3. Wing of Erioptera elegantula, sp. n.
Fig. 4. Wing of Limnophila satsuma Westwood.
Fig. 5. Wing of Tricyphona vetusta, sp. n.
Fig. 6. Wing of T. kuzwanai, sp. n.
Fig. 7. Wing of Ptychoptera japonica, sp. n.
Fig. 8. Wing of Geranomyia avocetta, sp. n.
Fig. 9. Wing of Dicranomyia japonica, sp. n. Fig. 10. Wing of D. nebulosa, sp. n.
Fig. 11. Wing of Molophilus pegasus, sp. n. Fig. 12. Wing of Gonomyia insulensis, sp. n. Fig. 13. Wing of Conosia irrorata Wiedemann. Fig. 14. Wing of Gonomyia superba, sp. n. Fig. 15. Wing of Erioptera asymmetrica, sp. n.
PLATE IV. Fig. 1. Wing of Rhamphidia nipponensis, sp. n. Fig. 2. Wing of Limnophila inconcussa, sp. n. Fig. 3. Wing of Tricyphona insulana, sp. n. Fig. 4. Liogma kuwanai, sp. n. Fig.5. Hypopygium of Geranomyia avocetta; lateral aspect.
e—penis guard; d—dorsal apical appendage; v—ventral apical appendage.
210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
Fig. 6. Hypopygium of Geranomyia avocetta; dorsal aspect.
Fig.7. Hypopygium of Geranomyia avocetta; ventral aspect, showing a portion of the hypopygium.
Fig. 8. Hypopygium of Dicranomyia nebulosa; lateral aspect. The apical appendages are not included.
Fig. 9. Hypopygium of Dicranomyia nebulosa; dorsal aspect.
Fig. 10. Hypopygium of Dicranomyia japonica; dorsal aspect.
Fig. 11. Ovipositor of Ptychoptera japonica; lateral aspect.
Fig. 12. Hypopygium of Ptychoptera japonica; lateral aspect. tg—9th tergite.
Fig. 13. Hypopygium of Ptychoptera japonica; 9th tergite, - dorsal aspect.
Fig. 14. Hypopygium of Ptychoptera japonica; 9th sternite, ventral aspect. .
Fig. 15. Hypopygium of Ptychoptera japonica; guard of the penis (?).
Fig. 16. Hypopygium of Ptychoptera japonica; ventral appen- dage.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
DONACIA EMARGINATA KIRBY (COLEOPTERA.) A BroGrapuic NOTE. BY L. B. WOODRUFF, NEW YORK CITY.
Donacia emarginata Kirby may gain its sustenance from various water-loving plants, but that which it seems to find superlatively to its taste near New York City is the Marsh-mari- gold, Caltha palustris. Ina certain wooded swamp just outside the city limits, always wet under foot and in April excessively “soft,” grow and bloom great masses of these glorious golden flowers; and when they reach the zenith of their splendor, in almost every clump, half buried under their stamens, are from one to several of these graceful metallic beetles. The sturdy crowfoot cup gives them secure support, and in them throughout the flowering period they are to be found in breeding pairs. On the stems just above the roots the pupal cocoons are attached, sometimes several in a row; but when the swollen buds expand the beetles emerge, leave their
lowly dwellings, and, climbing up the stems, attain the scene of July, 1913
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 285
REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF JAPANESE CRANE- FLIES (TIPULIDA:), WITH A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PTYCHOPTERA. BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, ITHACA, N.Y. (Continued from Page 210.) Gonomyia (Gonomyia) superba, sp. n.
Antenne, brown; color, brown and yellow; vein, Sc ends slightly beyond the origin of Rs.
Male.—Length, 5-5.5 mm.; wing, 4.9 mm.
Female.—Length, 5.9 mm; wing, 5.2-5.5 mm.
Male—Rostrum yellow, palpi brown; antenne brown, in- cluding the basal segments; front, vertex and occiput dull yellow, the vertex clearer yellow behind.
Pronotum, clear light yellow above; on the sides, a shert, dull brown stripe from the cervical sclerites down to above the fore coxa. Mesorotum, prascutum very light yellowish brown, with rich chestnut-brown stripes, a median stripe, broad and dark in front, narrow behind, and again enlarged at its end divided by a pale, narrow, median stripe; lateral stripes short, beginning behind the pseudosutural pits crossing the transverse suture and suffusing the lobes of the scutum; lateral edge of the prascutum, in front, yel- lowish; behind, brown; scutellum pale, whitish; the base and lateral edges tinged with brownish, post notum brown. Pleurz clear yellow- ish white, anirregular dark brown mark behind and above the base of the coxa; sternum yellow, the sides of the mesosternum, between the — fore and middle legs, brown, separated by a broad median pale mark; the propleural stripe begins on the prosternum as a rounded mark which sends out a narrow caudal prolongation. Halteres light yellow. Legs: coxe and trochanters light yellow, margins of the segments more or less brown; femora and tibiz light brown; tarsi somewhat darker brown. Wings, hyaline or nearly so; veins — brown, costa more yellowish. Venation (see fig. 14, pl. III): Sc ending slightly beyond the origin of Rs; basal deflection of Cu! about at the fork of M.
Abdomen, tergum, light yellow, each segment with a large
brown mark on basal half, the caudal margin of this mark much September, 1913
286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
rounded; sternum light yellow. Hypopygium (see fig. 1 and 2, plate X). Pleurites short and broad, the caudal end produced into one fleshy and three chitinized appendages, as follows: Viewed from above, a fleshy lobe in front, the inner dorsal margin produced en- tad and dorsad into a slightly curved slender spine; behind the fleshy lobe arises a stout hook, very strong at the base, constricted before the middle, the tip slender and pointed, this hook directed entad and caudad; from the outer ventral angle of the pleurite arises a long, straight chitinized appendage, directed entad and caudad, narrow basally and more enlarged apically. The guard of the penis is long, pale, ending in a long, slender, tube-like point. On either side of the penis guard arises an elongate, very slender, chitinized heok, which is straight for about three-fifths its length and then bent strongly inward; viewed from the side, these hoops are bent very strongly ventrad and then caudad. Summarized, the hypopygium bears eight chitinized slender arms, all except two (which are probably homelogous with the second gonapophyses) being borne by the pleurites.
Female.—Very similar to the male, but larger.
Vial No. 1—Tokio, Japan; Aug. 1912. One o&.
Vial No. 5.—Nishigahara, Japan; Apr. 25, 1912;5 @, 4 9.
Holotype, o; Vial No. 1.
Allotype, 2 ; Vial No. 5. =
Paratypes, 5 co’, 3 9; Vial No. 5.
Types in author's collection; Paratypes in U.S. National Museum and Cornell University Collections.
G. superba differs from nubeculosa Meij. (Java). (Tijd. voor Entomol., vol. 44, p. 48, 49; fig. 36, 1911) in the unspotted wings; from metatarsata, (l.c., p. 48, fig. 35) in its closed cell 1st Ma, ete.
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) insulensis, sp. n. Pleuree without longitudinal stripes; vein Sc ends far before the origin of Rs. Female —Length, 3.9-4 mm.; abdomen, 2.6 mm.; wing, 4 mm. Female.—Rostrum yellow, palpi brown; antenna, segment one yellowish, remainder dark brown; front, vertex and occiput yellow, the vertex suffused with dark colored.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 287
Mesonotal prascutum yellowish, with three brown stripes, the median one bread, not divided by a pale median vitta, ex- tending to the suture, the lateral stripes are broad, narrow, uniform in width until they cross the suture (not expanded behind), lateral margin of the sclerite dull yellow, the ground color between the brown stripes is very reduced; scutum, lobes dark brown, median line yellowish; scutellum yellow, a brown median spot in front; postrotum brown. Pleure, mesopleuree brown in front, extending from the lateral margin of the preescutum down to and suffusing the mesosternum on the sides; metasternum pale brown. Halteres dull yellow. Legs: coxe and trochanters yellow, suffused with brown in front; femora, tibia and tarsi brown, a little darker toward the tip. Wings subhyaline, veins brown. Venation (see fig. 12, plate III); Sc. ending far before the origin of Rs; R*** almost parallel to R'.
Abdominal tergites yellowish-brown; sternites light yellow.
Vial No. F.—Tokio, Japan; August, 1912; 1 9.
Holotype, 9 ; in Vial F.
Type in autkor’s collection.
The three species of Gonomyia described by de Meijere as Atarbe (Tijd. voor Entomol.; vol. 44, 1911) are all members of the subgenus Leiponeura Skuse. These species are Gonomyia nebulosa (l.c., p. 42, fig. 25); pilifera (l.c.; p. 43, fig. 26) and diffusa (I.c.; p- 43, 44). They have nothing in common with Atarba and are quite distinct from any members of the Lezponeura group, that I know of, in their clouded wings. G. insulensis differs from all of the akove species in its unmarked wings.
Genus Erioptera Meigen., Subgenus Acyphona Osten-Sacken.
Of this subgenus, two species were included, both of which are herein characterized as new. The only described Palearctic species, Acyphona maculata Meigen, of Europe, differs from the. Japanese species, as follows: Wing pattern, in maculata large, rounded brown markings mostly with grey centers; the body-shade is much lighter in maculata and there are several important differ- ences in hypopygial characters, these being shown by the following key:
288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
1. 9th tergite bread and thin, at its apex deeply notched; two chitinized teeth at the base cf the pleura on the ventral
9th tergite provided with two chitinized heoks at its apex; no chitinized teeth at the base cf the pleura on the ventral side; [horns of the second gonapophyses long, widely separated at the*base))(Japan)). 9 eae ee ee re ae asymmetrica, sp. Nn.
2. Base cf pleura on sternal side provided with a chitinized plate which is bidentate, the proximal tcoth free, the distal one joined to the pleura; 2nd gonapophyses short, chitinized at tip and cn sides; apex merely notched.
(Biarope) fat. c ah Aetee eee ener er et ee ameter maculata Meigen. Base cf pleura cn sternal side provided with a small chitinized teoth, minutely denticulate; 2nd gonapophyses long, the tips long and widely separated (Japan)........imcongruens, sp. n.
Erioptera (Acyphona) incongruens, sp. Nn.
Small species; light brown, with narrow dark brown pleural stripes; wings thickly spotted with brown. Male—tLength, 5 mm.
Male—Restrum. and palpi brown. Antenne long, segment cne brewnish-yellcw; segments two to eight light yellow; remainder with increasing amcunts cf brown at their tips, the apical segments all brownish. Frent, vertex and ecciput dark brown.
Theracic pronotum brewnish-yellow, brown on the sides. Preescutum reddish-brown, with a double median brown stripe; humeral region brighter yellow; sides of the sclerite darkened; scutum, scutellum and pestnetum brown. Pleura reddish-brown with narrow dark-brown lines, the most dorsal one continuing from behind the fere coxa underneath the wing to the pestnotum; the second beginning on the mescsternum running above the middle coxa, becoming very narrow and indistinct before the reot of the halter; the last stripe cn the metasternum over the hind coxa. Halteres light yellow. Legs: coxa brown; trochanters brownish- yellow. (The legs are all detached and Iccse in the vials; most of these have the femcra largely brown, basal third mestly paler, yellcwish; a pest median yellew ring, tip usually pale; tibia and
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 289
tarsi clear light yellow, sometimes infuscated at the tips; tibiae often with a sub-basal aunulus. In the vial were several specimens of E. asymmetrica, a closely allied form, and most of the legs evi- dently belong to that species. Two legs in the vial are very dif- ferent and may belong to this little species, this being rendered probable by the size; in these the entire legs are clear, light yellow, the femora with a rather narrow subapical dark brown ring).
Wings spotted with brown.
Abdemen: Tergum dull brownish yellow, apex and lateral margins of the sclerites brown. Hypopygium unsymmetrical as in the genus, the 9th abdcminal segment being twisted one-half around. Suture between the 9th tergite and the 9th sternite not indicated. The 9th tergite is broad and long, its hind margin pro- duced caudad in a wide, thin plate which is broadly and rather deeply netched at its middle; no chitinized hcoks at its apex. The pleurites are convex cuterly (produced into two apical appendages), the base (dersal) produced entad and cephalad in a long, chitinized heck; the ventral edge cf the pleura near the sternum possesses a small chitinized organ which is directed caudad and is provided with two or three denticule; cf the two apical appendages, the ventral ene is chitinized, the dorsal one is fleshy, the second gona- pophyses are cles¢ together, the chitinized tips rather long and deeply divided. (See plate X, figs. 5 and 6).
Holotype, o. Vial 6, April 25, 1912; Tokio, Japan.
Erioptera (Acyphona) asymmetrica, sp. n.
Resembles incongruens closely, but is larger, the coloration darker, especially on the pleure and usually on the abdomen. Wings hyaline, spotted with brown, varying considerably in the intensity and size of the markings; in some the dots are small, not confluent, in the darker specimens the spots on the costal half of the wing tend to flew tcgether to form large blotches. The male genita'ia of the two species is remarkably different. (See plate III, fig. 15, wing.) :
The hypopygium is, as in the genus, asymmetrical, the usual. dorsal pertions cf the 9th sclerites being switched around on a level with the pleural sutures of the remaining segments. (See fig. 7-9, plate X), suture between 9th tergite and sternite obliterated, 9th
290 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
tergite broad and long with a cross-shaped mark; near its tip set with two small, semicircular, chitinized pieces which are produced into sharp points on the proximal ends. Pleurites skort and stout, at the base on tke Corsal side, preduced into a long, slender, chiti- nized arm which is directed entad, two apical appendages, the more ventrad being chitinized, especially at the tips, the dorsal apical appendage fleshy. Between the tergite and the unarmed sternite, nearly in the median plate, is a rectangular, subchitinized organ, bearing at its outer angles chitinized kooks, bent ventrad and in- ward, these kcoks minutely denticulated at tip.
o&.—Length, 5.8 mm.; wing, 6.38 mm.
2 —Length, 6.4-7.1 mm.
Holotype.—Vial 6, April 25, 1912; Tokio, Japan.
Allotype.—Vial 6, April 25, 1912; Tekio, Japan.
Paratypes.—Vial 6 and L; 4 2, 2 o’, April 25, 1912; Aug. 1912, Tokio, Japan.
Subgenus Erioptera, Meigen. Erioptera (Erioptera) elegantula, sp. n.
Wings with brown spots.
Male—tLength, 5.4 mm.; wing, 7.7-7.9 mm.
Female.—Length, 6-6.5 mm.; wing, 7-8.3 mm.
Male——Rostrum and palpi dark brown, antenne with basal segments brown, flagellar segments skort, dark brown; front, ver- tex and occiput dark brown.
Pronotum dark brown above, lighter colored on the sides. Mes- onotum dark brown, the region before the pseudosutural pits more yellowish; scutum, scutellum and postnotum dark brown. Pleura dark brown. Halteres pale. Legs: coxe dark brown; trochanters brown; femora dark brown; tibiz dark brown, a little paler at the ex- treme base; tarsi dark brown. Wings subhyaline with greyish-brown marks, as follows:A large rounded spot at origin of Rs,a second at Sc?, a third at end of Sc! running Cown over cross-vein r; a fourth spot at tip of R! anda smaller one at tip of R®; cord broadly mar- gined with the same color; less distinct clouds at ends of the other veins and along most of these veins. Venation, (see fig. 3, plate III.)
Abdomen dark brown, densely clothed with long whitish hairs. Hypopygium. 9th tergite broad at base, narrowed at the middle,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291
the tip rather expanded with a deep V-shaped incision, the lobes rounded. Pleurites long, cylindrical, not very convex on outer face; three apical appendages, the more dorsal being somewhat fleshy, brown, elongate-cylindrical, narrowed basally, provided with long hairs, and, at its tip, with a slender hook directed cepha- lad; the median apical appendage is longest, chitinized,very strong- ly so at its tip; tip broadly expanded and concave, this concavity provided with minute denticule; the ventral apical appendage is shorter than the median one, fleshy, cylindrical, narrowed at base. Viewed from beneath, the 9th sternite is straight on its caudal margin, pleurites very broad at base, produced entad and almost meeting cn the median line on the sternum; second gonapophyses long, slender, acicular, the tips barely projecting beyond the caudal level of the 9th sternite.
Female.—Similar, but averages larger in size.
Vial No. 1—Tokio, Japan; 2 o, 2 9.
Vial No. 16.—Tokio, Japan; 2 9 (small, but apparently of the same species.)
Holotype—co'. Vial No. 1, I.
Allotype—g¢@. Vial No. I.
Paratypes.—1 o, 3 9, Vials I and 16.
Types in author’s collection.
E. elegantula ditters from E. javensis Meij. (Tijd voor Ento- mol., vol. 44, p. 45, 46, fig. 28, 1911) and EZ. notata Meij. (l.c., p. 46, figs. 29-31) in its spotted wings.
Genus Molophilus Curtis. Molophilus pegasus, sp. n.
Antenne of the male short; color of body brown.
Male—Length, 4.2 mm.; wing, 4.3 mm.
Female.—Length, 4.9 mm.; wing, 5.1 mm.
Male—Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne light yellow, the flagellar segments with the exception of the first, a little more brownish; antenne short, extending about to the base of the wings, segments of flagellum cylindrical; front, vertex and occiput brown.
Pronotum above, light yellow, darker on the sides. Meso-
notal prascutum reddish-brown, with a broad, dark brown median stripe, and less distinct but broader lateral stripes, which begin
292 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
behind the pseudosuture, broaden out behind and fuse with the median stripe near the transverse suture; scutum, lobes brown, median line paler; scutellum lighter colored, yellowish medially, brown on the sides; postnotum brown. Pleuree brown except dorsally, where there is a pale band running from the pronotum back to the wing basis. Halteres light yellow. Legs: coxa and trochanters pale yellow, femora short, incrassated beyond the base, brown, paler basally; tibia and tarsi brown. Wings slightly tinged with yellowish-grey; veins yellow. Venation (see fig. 11, plate III).
Abdomen, tergites dark brown; sternites rather lighter brown, extreme apices of the sclerites pale. Hypopygium (see figs. 3 and 4, plate X); 9th tergite and sternite completely fused so that ro pleural suture remains; viewed from beneath, the 9th sternite projects backward, its caudal margin rather squarely truncated; the outer ventral pleural arm is straight, fleshy, rather thickly covered with long hairs; just entad of the outer arm and nearer to the base of the pleurite, arises the inner ventral pleural arm, which is elongate, slender, its tip strongly chitinized and denticulated at the extreme end and bent inward; the guard of the penis is a pointed, chitinized organ, nearly as long as the outer pleural arm. Viewed from the side, outer ventral arm of the pleurite directed caudad; inner ven- tral arm with the tips conspicuously arcuated and bent ventrad; just above the base of the inner arm arises the dorsal pleural ap- pendage, very broad at the base, its tip chitinized and directed slightly dorsad, on the dorsum of the pleurite are two protuber- ences clothed with long hairs. Viewed from above, the pleurites are very broad,'so that the space between them on the median line is narrow; about midway of their length, on the inner face, is a strong protuberance, directed inward; it is strongly chitinized and almost touches its mate of the opposite side.
Female.
Similar, but larger; the abdomen is dark brown, the genital segment much brighter, yellowish-brown.
Vial No. 19.—Tokio, Japan; June 25, 1912; 1 9.
Vial No. 20—Tokio, Japan; June 25, 1912;19.
Vial No. K.—Tokio, Japan; Aug. 1912; 1 o.
Holotype.—1 a’, Vial K.
Allotype—1 2, Vial 20.
Paratype—1 @ Vial 19.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 293
Types in author's collection; paratype in U.S. National Mus- eum collection.
M. pegasus differs from bicolor Meij. (Java) (Tijd. voor Ento- mel.; vol. 44, p. 45, fig. 27) in its darker brown body-color and darker legs.
Genus Conosia Van der Wulp. Conosia irrorata Wiedmann.
The following papers since Kertesz (1902) may be cited:
1904.—Conosia irrorata de Meij; Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde; p. 92.
1911.—Conosia irrorata de Meij; Tijdschrift voor Entomo- logic; vol. 44, p. 51.
1911.—Conosia irrorata Brun.; Rec. Indian Museum; vol. 6, part. 5, p. 283.
1912.—Conosia irrorata Brun.; Fauna Brit. India, Dipt. Nemat., p. 497.
One female in vial 47; Tekio, Japan. The wing pattern is figured on pl. IIT; fig. 13.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.
Fig. 1—Hypopygium of gonomyia superba; dorsal aspect; x, y, z=chitinized pleural appendages.
Fig. 2.—Hypopygium of gonomyia swperba; lateral aspect, sternum uppermost; lettering as in fig. 1.
Fig. 3—Hypopygium of Molophilus pegasus; lateral aspect; t = 9th tergite; s =9th sternite.
Fig. 4.—Hypopygium of Molophilus pegasus; dorsal aspect; p =pleura.
Fig. 5—Hypopygium of Erioptera (Acyphona) incongruens, sp. n.; dorsal aspect.
Fig. 6.—Hypopygium of Erioptera (Acyphona) incongruens; 9th tergite, dorsal aspect.
Fig. 7—Hypopygium of Erioptera (Acyphona) asymmetrica; 9th tergite, dorsal aspect.
Vo PLATE X. CAN. ENT, VOL. XLV
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 295
EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.—Continued.
Fig. 8.—Hypopygium of Erioptera (Acyphona) asymmetrica; lateral aspect; p =pleura; s=9th sternite; t =9th tergite.
Fig. 9.—Hypopygium of Erioptera (Acyphona) asymmetrica; dorsal aspect; gonapophyse.
Fig. 10.—Hypopygium of Limnophila japonica; dorsal aspect; h =anal tube.
Fig. 11.—Hypopygium of Limnophila satsuma ; ventral aspect.
Fig. 12—Hypopygium of Limnophila inconcussa; dorsal aspect; h=anal tube; pl =pleura.
Fig. 13.—Hypopygium of Liogma kuxanai; lateral aspect; t=9th tergite; pe = penis-guard.
Fig. 14.—Hypopygium of Liogma kuwanai; ventral aspect of the base of the tripartite penis-guard.
Fig. 15.—Hypopygium of Liogma kuwanai,; dorsal aspect.
(To BE CONTINUED.)
A NEW PYROMORPHID FROM TEXAS. BY WM. BARNES, M.D., AND J. MCDUNNOUGH, PH.D., DECATUR, ILL.
Acoloithus novaricus, sp. nov.
Very similar to falsarius Clem., having the wings of the same dull black colour. The distinguishing feature is that the collar is unbroken reddish-orange, whereas in falsarius this colour is con- fined to the lateral areas, the centro-dorsal portion being black. Expanse, 14 mm.
Habitat: Kerrville, Texas; Shovel, Mt. Texas (July), 2 o7’s. Type and cotype coll. Barnes. 4 o’s (Texas). Cotypes, Tring Museum, England.
Dr. K. Jordan, with whom we have recently had some cor- respondence concerning this group, has called our attention to this species and expressed the desire that we describe it. We take pleasure in doing so, as the characteristic feature seems very constant.
September, 1813
296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
FURTHER NOTES ON ALBERTA LEPIDOPTERA. BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MiDNAFORE, ALTA.
(Continued from paze 2#4.)
423. S. athabasca Neum.—The cnly locality given for this species in Smith’s Catalogue is “British Columbia,” presumably on the strength of the description, which I have not seen: But I have seen the type, a male, in the Neumegen collection, and it is labelled “Belly River,” which is in Soutkern Alberta, and no portion of it in B.C. I have scen the species fairly swarming around Gleichen, and on the Blackfcot Indian Reserve near there. It is almest or quite exclusively a day flier, and revels in hot sun- shine, usually accompanied, in far fewer numbers, by Melicliptera septentrionalis and Melaporphyria oregonica. The Laggan specimens [ referred to as having orange secondaries are petricola Walker, described from Rocky Mountain specimens taken by Lord Der- by’s collectors. A prairie and a mountain series of these respec- tively might easily give every impression of two species, especially if the series were short ones. Mountain specimens are usually a trifle more robust and larger, have yellowish or orange secondaries and ochreous tinted primaries, the depth of this tint varying as the depth cf color of the secondaries. In size, my prairie speci- mens vary from about 28 to 31 mm., smaller specimens being un- common. Mountain specimens scen to average scarcely more than 1 mm. larger, but my largest specimen, a handsome female from Field, B.C., expands very nearly 35 mm. My darkest and most richly coloured example is from Windermere, also in B.C. But an orange-tinted form is rare on the prairie, and a form with creamy white ground is equally rare in the mountains. Each of these grades through to the predominating form in their respective districts, and tke extremes in each over- lap those in the other. I regret to say that my entire series of these at present consists only of twenty-five specimens, but I have examined a good many more, both dried and in nature, and after years of deliberation have come to the conclusion that the balance
of evidence is strongly in favor of there being only one species. September, 1913
Che Ganadiay Lantomalogist
VoL. XLV. LONDON, OCTOBER, 1913 No. 10
REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF JAPANESE CRANE- FLIES (TIPULIDA), WITH A KEY TO THE ~ SPECIES OF PTYCHOPTERA. BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, ITHACA, N. Y.* (Continued from page 295). Tribe Limnophilini. Genus Limnophila Macquart.
KEY TO THE JAPANESE LIMNOPHIL.
1. Wings unspotted (subgen. Limnophila) ...... INCONCUSSA, SP. N.
Wings marked with brown (subgen. Pwcilostola)............2.
2. Large species (male, length 22-25 mm.; wing over 15 mm.); wings with a few large seams or blotches. ...; satsuma Westw. Small species (male, length 10-13 mm.; wing under 12 mm.) wings with abundant dots-n thescells..-....2...:.....90
Die 3. Legs and abdomen yellow throughout; petiole of cell Mi: as
Oe oo CAR ECE Nhe en ae varicornis Coq. Legs with segments tipped with brown; abdomen yellow and brown; petiole of cell Mi longer than cell
SE Meee ae ree es ora ee ee OPONICE \ Sp. Nk
Limnophila inconcussa, sp. n.
Wings unspotted; cross-vein r far from tip of Ri.
Rostrum brownish yellow beneath, brown above, palpi brown; antenne dark brown, the third segment more yellowish at its base ; antenne short, reaching about to the wing basis; front, vertex and occiput dark brown, dusted with grey.
Mesonotum grevish with a median brown stripe; pseudo- sutural fovea and tuberculate pits very distinct, black; scutum, scutellum and postnotum brown, pleuree dark brown (probable that the body, in dried specimens, is grey). Halteres pale. Legs: coxe and trochanters dull yellow; femora yellow, a little darkened
*Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University.
314 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
before the tip; tibia yellow, brown at tip; first tarsal segment yellow, brown at tip, remainder of tarsi brown. Wings with a brownish yellow tinge; stigma indistinct, brown; veins Sc and R yellow, remainder brown. Venation (see fig. 2, pl. [1): Re+s arcu- ated, long, cross-vein r almost at its fork; Rs long; cross-vein r-m more distad than fork of cell; basal deflection of Cu: at or slightly beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen: tergites light brown; sternites much paler, yellow- ish. Hypopygium (see fig. 12, pl. X): pleurites elongate, slender, cylindrical, clothed with long hairs; two apical appendages, elongated, the outermost longest, more slender, chitinized, directed cephalad, its tip produced into a slender spine and its inner or cephalic edge near the tip armed with blunt denticula; inner appendage shorter, a little stouter and more fleshy, clothed with long hairs, especially on the inner face; the anal tube prom- jnent, oval.
Vial No. 2.—Tokyo, Japan; 1 ¢#, 1 9.
Vial No. 9.—Tokyo, Japan; April 25, 1912; 2 7, 2 9.
Vial No. 17.—Tokyo, Japan; April 25, 1912; 3 ¢,7 9.
Vial No. 27.—Tokyo, Japan; April 25, 1912; 4 @.
Holotype.—o", Vial 2.
Allotype.— @, Vial 2.
Paratypes—5 co’, 13 2, in Vials 9, 17 and 27.
Types in author’s collection; paratypes in U. S. National Museum and Cornell University collections.
Of the American species, inmconcussa is most like toxoneura O. S. (East. U.S.), but the cross-vein r is removed from the tip of Ri, fusion of Ress is longer, etc.; the coloration of the two species is quite different. In Verrall’s key to the British species (Ent. Mo. Mag., April, 1887, p. 264, 265), it runs down to lucorum Meig., which has a dark brown abdomen, brown legs, etc.
Limnophila (Pecilostola) saisuma Westwood. 1876.—Limnobia satsuma Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., PD; DUS spleic, Hen oar bs 1881—Limnobia satsuma Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 383.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ; 315
1888.—?Epiphragma satsuma Rergroth, Ent. Tidskrift, p. 138. 1902.—Limnobia salsuma Kertesz, Cat. Dipt., Vol. 2, p. 177.
Male—Length 22.6 mm.; wing 16.8 mm.; hind leg, femur 14.1 mm.; tibia 12.2 mm.
Male—Rostrum and palpi brown, tke apical segment of the latter darker; antenne, segments one and two dark brown, flagel- lum yellow except the two last segments which are brown; front dark brown, vertex and occiput reddish brown, a narrow median streak continued back from the front.
Pronotum with the scutum dark brown, scutellum yellowish. Mesonotal preescutum rich reddish brown, the lateral margins of the sclerite more greyish, a darker brown median triangle, broad- est in front, narrowed, to a point at the suture, lateral stripes similar in colour to the median stripe; scutum, lobes dark brown, median line yellowish, dark brown on caudal portion; scutellum and postnotum dark brown. Pleure light brownish yellow; propleuree and dorsal portions of the mesopleura up to the wing; root dark brown; mesostigma very large, conspicuous, situated just behind and under the prenotal scutellum. Halteres short, stem yellow, knob brown. Legs: ‘coxe light yellow; trochanters reddish yellow; femora yellow, tip brown, with a still darker subapical ring; tibize slightly darkened at the extreme base, a whitish sub-basal annulus, tip narrowly dark brown: tarsi brown- ish yellow, tips of the segments darker; legs conspicuously hairy. Wings (see fig. 4, pl. III.): cephalic third deep yellow, caudal portions yellowish grey; surface with conspicuous brown marks: a large blotch at base ef M; at origin of Rs; at the cord; a narrow seam to cross-vein r; paler crown margins to Cu and the veins in the vicinity of cell Ist Mz (discal). Venation (See fig. 4).
Abdomen: tergites rich yellow, extreme apical margin of the sclerites darker; a brown lateral line; sternites lighter yellow, apices, especially of the terminal segments, darker. Hypopygium (See fig. 11, plate X.): viewed from beneath, 9th sternite with caudal margin straight, the sides oblique; pleuree very- short, stout; dorsal apical appendage directed inward, cylindrical, chitinized, its tip with a sharp recurved hook; ventral apical appendages, two, the outermost chitinized, broad at base, rapidly tapering to a sharp point, directed inward, the lower appendage
316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST c
is fleshy at the base, more chitinized at the tip, its caudal or outer margin grooved to receive the outer appendage. Viewed from above, 9th tergite concave, with a projecting median lobe; anal tube conspicuous, more pointed at upper end than in japonica
One male (Vial No. C; Tokyo, Japan; August, 1912); I give the above description to supplement Westwood’s brief character- ization. The species agree with barbipes Meigen (Europe) in its conspicuously hairy legs.
Limnophila (Pecilostola) japonica, sp. n.
Wings spotted; tibia and femora tipped with brown.
Male—tLength 10-13 mm.; wing 9.8 mm. Female, length 15 mm.; wing, 11-12.3 mm.
Male—Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne dark brownish black, except segment three, which is pale vellow basally, the tip brown; antenne short, if extended backward it would barely reach the wing basis; segment ene elongate, as long as the succeeding three combined; segments 2-5 bread, oval-pyriform, gradually becoming mere cylindrical; segments 6-16 cylindrical more elongate toward the end; front, vertex and occiput dark brown.
Pronotum and mescnotum dark brown. Pleuree dark brown. Halteres long, stem yellow, knob brown. Legs: coxe and trochanters dull brownish yellow; femora light yellowish brown, the tip broadly brownish black; tibia with base narrowly dark brown, remainder yellow, except the broad dark brown tip; tarsi dark brownish black. Wings tinged with brownish, cells C and Se rather brighter; veins yellowish brown; wing spotted with brown, varying greatly in the size of the markings; in one (9, Vial A), there are large brown spots at origin of Rs, tip of Se and fork of Re+s, and abundant pale brown dots over the wing surface; in a second specimen (@) the wing disk is heavily marked with brown, a series of brown marks in the costal cell, a large square blotch at origin of Rs, another at tip of Sc: extending partly down across the cord; others at tips of Ri, Re and Rs; large, paler brown dots inall the cells of the wing. Venation (see fig. 2, pl. III).
Abdomen: tergites brownish; sternites dull yellow, apical third of each sclerite brown. Hypopygium (see fig. 10, pl. X): viewed
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. _ 317
from above, 9th tergite, caudal margin almost straight with a little rounded knob or hook on either side of the median line; pleurites very short and stout, with three apical appendages, the more dorsal being the longest, slender at base, swollen subapically, the extreme tip slightly hcoked and strongly chitinized, this appendage directed caudad and entad; two ventral appendages, the more dorsal being short, blunt, very strongly chitinized at its tip and with numerous, triangular denticul, closely and regularly set; ventral appendage slender, curved at a right angle, its tip directed cephalad. Anal tube very conspicuous, pale whitish, slightly notched at its tip. Second gonapophyses rather slender, tips expanded, the organs directed caudad. Viewed from beneath, the 9th sternite has a rectangular median protuberence.
Female.—Similar, larger; the dark apices of the akdcominal sternites not well marked.
Vial No. A—Tokyo, Japan; April 25, 1912; 1 @.
Vial No. 7.—Tokyo, Japan; April 25, 1912;2 ¢,1¢.
Vial No. 18.—Tokyo, Japan; June 26, 1912; 42.
Vial No. 23.—Tokyo, Japan; June 25, 1912: 307.
Vial No. 48.—Tokyo, Japan; August, 1912; 1¢.
Holotype—¢?. Vial 48.
Allotype—@. Vial A.
Paratypes:==5 o', 5) @. Vials'7, 18, 23.
Types in author’s collecticn; paratypes in U.S. National Museum and Cornell University Collections,
This species differs from L. varicornis Cog. (Japan)* in its shorter antenna; legs not all yellow, but the segments conspic- uously tipped with darker; abdomen not yellow; wings with petiole of cell Mi much longer than cell Ist Me, etc. L. varicornis also, is probably a Pecilostola.
Tribe Pedicini. Genus Tricyphona Zetterstedt. IXEY TO THE JAPANESE TRICYPHON2. 1. Wings hyaline or nearly so, not spotted or striped; cross-veins r-m connected with vein Ras beyond the fork of
EA po cure ale Ake nt a beaches Sn ae insulana, sp. n. *Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 21, p. 304 (1893).
318 _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Wings spotted or striped with brown or yellow; cross-vein r-m connected with the radial sector at or before its fork... .. 2:
2. Wings with a bread, yellow subccstal streak, extending from tke base of tke wing to the apex; median cross-vein ADSEMES. <.: Oe eae ae ene spel eneen, wees wei en ee kuwanat, sp. P.
Wings with a narrow brown seam along the cord, and rounded brown spots on most of the cross-veins and at the cnds of most of the longitudinal veirs; median cross-vein [eigorc) ll Gana Sok Co, Croc atic aaiblc hom Pap Ae veiusta, sp. n
Tricyphona kuwanat, sp. n. Color yellow; mesonotum with black markings; wings with a conspicuous yellow longitudinal streak.
Female —Length 15.8 mm,; wing 12.2mm.;abdomen 12.4mm.
Female—Rostrum and palpi brown; antennae, segment 1 brown, segments 2 to 16 light yellow, the terminal flagellar seg- ments more brown; front and vertex brown, the hind part of the vertex, the occiput and the gene clearer reddish brown.
Pronotum light yellow, brown medially. Mesonotal preescutum ligkt brownish yellow. darkest medially, the sclerite with four rounded, velvety-dark brownish black spots as fellows: a small rounded spot on either side of the median line, about mid-length of the sclerite; an oval spot on the sides ef the sclerite, akout midway between the pseudosuture and the trarsverse suture; a small triangular black spot on the middle of the transverse suture; scutum light yellow, with velvety-black marks as follows: a double, semilunar transverse mark on the cephalic portions of the sclerite, caudad of these marks are four small dots, the outermost larger, rounded, occupying the middle of the scutal lobes, the inner small and oval, on either side ef the median line; a small elongate black mark on the suture, between the scutum and scutellum; scutellum and postrotum brown. Plcure light brownish yellow. Halteres light yellow. Legs: cox and trochanters light yellow; femera and tibiae yellow, tip of the latter narrowly dark brown; first three tarsal segments light yellow, narrowly tipped with dark brown; segments 4 and 5 dark brown. Wings hyaline or nearly so, a broad yellow streak running from the base of the wing
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 319
around to beyond the apex, embracing the caudal portion of cell C, cell Sc, cephalic portion of cell R and Ist Ri, caudal portion of cell 2nd Ri and outer half of cell Re; cell C is hyaline with small, rather evenly spaced dark brown cross stripes; the margin of the wing from the end of cell C around to end of cell Rs is light brown; the caudal margin of the longitudinal yellow streak above described is narrowly brown at the deflection of Re, a slender brown streak runs caudad and outward along Rats, ending opposite the fork ef Rive; Cu and 2nd anal margined with bright yellow. Venation (see fig. 6, plate III), Rs beyond the cross-vein r-m short, a little shorter than r-m; Re, Rs and Ra+s all originate at a com- mon point; Re at origin is perpendicular; cross-vein m_ lacking; basal deflection of Cu: at fork of M.
Abdomen: tergites light brownish yellow, with numerous slender black hairs; segment 2 with a short black-sub-basal streak on the margin; segments 3 to 6 with longer marginal streaks, which cover almost the basal half of the sclerite; sternites light yellow, with black marks on the sides remote from the.margin of sclerite, that on the second oblique, meeting its mate on the venter, the others longitudinal.
Vial No. 31.—Tokyo, Japan; May 7, 1912; 1 9.
Holotvpe— @, in Vial 31.
Type in author’s collection.
Tricyphona insulana, sp. n.
Brown; wings hyaline without a stigma; ro median cross- vein; legs largely yellow.
Female, length 9.6 mm.; wing 9.4 mm.
Female—Rostrum and palpi dark brown apices of the palpal segments a little paler: antennae, basal segments pale brown, flagellum dark brown; front, vertex and occiput dark brown, probably with a grey bloom in dry specimens.
Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown with indi- cations of stripes near the median line; it is probable that the thorax is covered with a grey bloom; scutum dark brown; scutellum brownish yellow; postnotum brown. Pleurze brown. Halteres light yellow. Legs: coxee yellow, more brown basally;
320 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
trochanters yellow; femora yellow, darkening to light brown at the tip; tibia light yellow, brown at tip; tarsi brown. Wings hyaline; veins light brown. Venation (see fig. 3, plate IV) cross- vein r-m connects Rats; no cross-vein m.
Abdomen: tergum reddish brown, segments with a dark brown apical ring; pleural line yellow; sternites brown, ovipositor with yellow valve.
Vial No. 27.—Tokyo, Japan; April 25, 1912; 19.
Holotype, 2, Vial No. 27.
Type in author’s collection.
Related to T. vitripennis Doane (West. U.S.) but lacks a brown stigma, has no median cross-vein, etc. From 7. immaculata Meigen (Europe) it differs in having cross-vein r farther removed from the tip of Ri, cross-vein r-m far beyond the fork of Rs, not at it; the legs much more yellow, not mostly brown; ovipositor of the female yellow, not patch brown, etc.
Tricyphona vetusta, sp. n. Wings spotted with brown; cross-vein m-cu of the wings present; cross-vein m present. Female.—Length 16 mm.; wing 14.8 mm.; hind legs femora 8.4 mm.; tibia 10.3 mm.; tarsus 8.9 mm.
Female——Rostrum light brownish yellow; palpi with segments dark brown, the apical ones with bases yellow; antennae, base light brown, flagellum dark brown; front, vertex and occiput
dark brown.
Prornotum dark brown. Mesonotum, prescutum, greyish with four brown stripes, the median one double, narrowed behind; scutum dark brown, the lobes paler brown; scutellum dark brown, much lighter on the sides; postnotum dark brown with a large oval spot behind on either side of the median line. | Pleuree dark brown, indistinctly variegated with darker. Halteres light yellow, the knob light brown. Legs: Coxe, especially the fore and middle, brownish at the base, remainder light yellow; trochanters yellowish; femora yellow, darkening into brown at the tip; tibia yellowish brown, rather darker apically; tarsi dark brown. Wings, tinged with light yellow, cells C and Se a little brighter, with
ee
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 321
brown marks as follows: a rounded spot at Sc, a larger one at origin of Rs, a crossband on the cord running from the tip of Sci, down to fork of Cu and thence to the wing-margin along Cuz; a round spot at cross-vein r, apical margin of the wing brown, a brown seam on cross-vein m, brown dots at ends of all the longitudinal veins; veins yellowish brown. Venation (see fig. 5, plate III); Rs ina line with Ris; Ress short, gently arcuated; crossvein r very far distad so that Ri beyond it is about equal to it in length; cross-vein m present, connecting Mz with Ms; cross- vein m-cu present.
Abdomen: Tergites, segment one brown, segments two and six dull yellow, an indistinct median brown stripe becoming more plainly defined behind until on the 8th and 9th tergites it abruptly suffuses the entire sclerites; pleural stripe broad, dark brown, extending the length of the abdomen as a conspicuous lateral line; sternites light yellow, a rounded ill-defined brown mark on tie 8th sternite.
Vial No. 26.—Tokyo, Japan; April 25, 1912; 19.
4 Holotype, 2, in Vial 26.
Type in author’s collection.
Related to JZ. constans Deone (West. U.S.) but is much smaller with a very different wing pattern. In venation, sug- gesting 7. vernalis Osten-Sacken of the Eastern United States.
Tribe Cylindrotomint. Genus Liogma Osten-Sacken.
Liogma kuwanat, sp. n.
Resembles L. nodicornis O.S., of the United States, but the tripartite penis-guard is very much longer and directed dorsad.
Male—Length 15.9 mm.; wing 11.4mm.;antenne 3.8-3.9 mm.
Male.—Rostrum and palpi light brown, remaining segments dark brown; flagellar segments slender at base, the inner face produced into a subtriangular tooth, making the flagellum strongly serrate; front, vertex and occiput dull dark brown, very rugulose, the vertex broad.
Mesorotum dark brown, a lighter brown line extending from the median line of the scutum, branching Y-shaped and extending
322 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
to the pseudosuture, this pale line being somewhat impressed;
scutum, scutellum and postnotum brown, the latter rather darker.
Pleura, propleure and cephalic and dorsal portions of the meso-
pleure, up to the wing-root, yellowish; remainder of the pleure
brownish. Halteres pale, yellow. Legs: coxe suffused with brown; trochanters light yellow; femora yellow basally, becoming brown at the tip. Wings tinged with grey, stigma elongate-oval, brown,
distinct. Venation (sce fig. 4, plate IV).
Abdomen light brownish yellow, the caudal half of the 7th, 8th and 9th tergites brown. Hypopygium (see figs. 13-15, plate X): 9th tergite, viewed from above, with the lateral ears or lobes prominent, the interval between them almost straight, not deeply notched as in nodicornis; 9th sternite and its pleurite fused, massive, as in the genus, the apical appendate stout, directed cephalad, flattened at its anex. Viewed from the side, the penis- guard is conspicuous, tripartite as in the tribe, it is very long, arising from the ventral wall, directed caudad and thence dorsad, almost attaining the level of the dorsal edge of the 9th sternite, toward their end, directed cephalad, the tip flattened; anal tube conspicuous. Viewed from beneath, the massive sterno-pleurites meet in a straight median suture, which is membranaccous; the tripartite penis-guard is deeply concave below the forking.
Vial No. E—Tokyo, Japan; Aug., 1912; 1 &.
Holotype.—o"’, Vial E.
Type in author’s collection.
The difference between the American and Japanese species are shown by the following key:
1. Abdomen brown; o& hypopygium, 9th tergite with a deep median rotch; guard cf the penis short, directed caudad. (Bdst. (UNS) Feet ee eae ae nodicornis O. S.
Abdomen reddish brown; &@ hypopygium, 9th tergite without
a deep median notch between the prominent lateral ears;
guard of the penis elongate, conspicuous, directed caudad and
dorsad, almost attaining the dorsal level cf the abdomen.
(Japan)" si. Galas ee ee eee kuwanai, sp. n.
The succeeding parts dealing the Tipuline will conclude the Tipulida.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 157
REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF JAPANESE CRANE- FLIES (TIPULIDA, DIPTERA). (Continued from Vol. XLV., p. 322). BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, ITHACA, N. Y. Subfamily: T7PULINA. Tribe: DOLICHOPEZINI. Genus: Nesopeza, gen. n.
Antenne 13-segmented, segment 1 cylindrical with a few long hairs; segment 2 oval-cylindrical; segment 3 very long, cylindrical; the succeeding segments gradually shorter, the last very slender. Palpi with the apical segment slender, as long as all of the preceding segments combined. Legs excessively long and slender. Wing- venation as in Dolichopeza Curtis (lack of cell Ist M2, basal deflec- tion of Cu: far before the fork of M, etc.), but the radial sector is very elongate, angulated at origin, almost as Jong as Rs beyond the fork, Rs not short and simulating a cross-vein.
Type of the genus: Dolichopeza gracilis, de Meij.
Nesopeza gracilis de Meijere.
1911.—Dolichopeza gracilis de Meijere; Tijd. voor Ent., vol. 54, p. 60, 61; pl. 4, fig. 46.
One @ from Tokyo, Japan; August, 1912. (Vial D.)
This new genus represents one extreme of the Dolichopeza group and Scamboneura Osten Sacken, the other. In this genus the radial sector is extremely elongated, in Dolichopeza Curtis almost transverse and simulating a cross-vein, while in Scamboneura the origin of the sector is farther distad than the tip. See my key to the Dolichopezini, Psyche, vol. 19, p. 64. (April, 1912.)
Genus: Dictenidia Brullé. Tribe: CrENOPHORINI.
Dictenidia fasciata Coquillett.
1898.—Dictenidia fasciata Coquillett; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 304, 305.
1902.—Dictenidia fasciaia Kertesz; Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, p. 266.
One o& from Tokyo, Japan, Aug. 1912 (Vial 39). It agrees very closely with Coquillett’s description. The specimen offers the following measurements:
May, 1914 j
158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
Length 12 mm.; wing 10.2 mm.; antenne 5 mm.
Fore leg femur 6.7 mm.; tibia 7.4 mm.
Middle leg femur 7 mm; tibia 6.4 mm.; tarsus 6.9 mm. Hind leg femur 8.8 mm.; tibia 10.4 mm.; tarsus 6 mm.
I supply a figure of the wing of this beautiful crane-fly, it never having been figured. (See Plate XII, fig. 8).*
Tribe: TIPULINI. Genus: Pachyrhina Macquart. Key to the Japanese Pachyrhine. 1. Thoracic markings brown or black, distinct..............: 2. Thoracic markings very pale, ill-defined....... flavonota, sp. n.
2. Mesonotal stripes pale brown; tip of wing narrowly and regularly bordered with dark brown; [scutellum and postnotum mostly
yellowish; abdominal tergites trivittate]........palloris Coq. Mesonotal stripes black; tip of wing hyaline or irregularly suffused| with :darker.2 20.22 oc. Sey te ae eee ee 3. 3. Mesonotal stripes very broad, almost concealing the pale ground colour; tip of the wing clouded with darker. .... pullata, sp. n. Mesonotal stripes narrower, so that the yellow ground colour is well defined’; tip of the wing clear.........-............ 4. 4. Scutellum and postnotum unmarked with darker: Lika eee ot Se ee ee ete eae repanda, sp. Nn. Scutellum black; postnotum with a dark median vitta
3 A ee APS aos acd Rep fer ee ee virgata Coq.
Pachyrhina flavonota, sp. n.
Head yellow, shining, without a distinct darker spot; meso- notum orange-yellow with well defined darker stripes.
Male.—Length 12 mm.; wing 10.6 mm.; antenne 3.8 mm.
Female.—Length 14.6 mm.; wing 14 mm.
Male.—Palpi light brown; frontal prolongation of the head yellow, nasus brown, with a tuft of brown hairs; antenne, scapal segments yellow, first flagellar segment yellow, on its inner face at three-fourths its length with a wart-like knob, remaining flagellar segments brown, the enlarged bases darker brown, inner face of the
*Plate XII will appear in the next issue.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159
intermediate flagellar segments not very deeply incised; front, vertex and occiput shining yellow, no distinct mark on the vertex.
Pronotum yellowish; mesonotal prescutum orange-yellow with faint indications of darker stripes; a smal! brown mark in the notch of the transverse suture; scutum, scutellum and postnotum without distinct marks. Pleura light yellow. Halteres brownish yellow, the knobs yellow. Legs, coxe and trochanters yellow, femora and tibiz dull yellow, the tips darker, tarsi brown. Wings subhyaline, the tip broadly but indistinctly suffused with darker; stigma oval, brown; cells C and Se. a little yellowish. Venation, see pl. XI. fig. 5.
Abdomen with the tergites yellowish, slightly darker medially and laterally; segments 8 and 9 brown; sternites yellowish. The male hypopygium with the 9th tergite from above (plate X]I, fig. 6) with the caudal margin four-lobed, the central lobes on either side of the shallow median notch, these lobes provided with numerous black denticul; the 9th sternite from below with a broad and deep V-shaped median notch. Outer apical appendages narrow, taper- ing to a very long point; inner appendage with the usual cephalad prolongation, beneath which is a small, chitinized tooth. (See plate XI, fig. 15.)
Female—Larger, the abdominal tergites with distinct brown blotches on each segment, these broadest behind, narrowed to a point in the front.
Holotype, o', Tokyo, Japan, August, 1912 (Vial K).
Allotype, 2, Tokyo, Japan, August, 1912 (Vial 42).
Pachyrhina palloris Coquillett.
1898.—Pachyrhina palloris Coquillett, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.; vol. 21, p. 306.
1902.—P. palloris Kertesz, Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, p. 321.
1910.—P. palloris Riedel, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., p. 436.
Two females agreeing rather well with Coquillett’s description, but showing the following differences: The median thoracic vitta is bisected from the front by a pale line, making this stripe double; sides of the scutellum brown; the antenne, broken in the type, may be thus described : four basal segments yellow, remaining
160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
segments with the enlarged basal third dark brownish black, the remainder of each segment dull yellow. The venation is shown in plate XI, figure 2. Vial K. Tokyo, Japan; August, 1912;2 9.
Pachyrhina pullata, sp. n.
Thoracic dorsum mostly black; wings with the apex brownish.
Male.—Length 17.4 mm.; wing 12.9 mm.; antenne 4.6 mm.4
Male.—Palpi brown, the third segment yellow; frontal pro- longation of the head shiny black; antennz with the first segment brown, paler apically, second segment yellow, third segment pale brown at the base, dark brown at tip, remaining segments dark brownish black. (See plate XI, fig. 12, for outline of the sixth an- tennal segment); vertex brownish yellow, darkening to the brown on the occiput and gene.
Pronotum light yellow above; mesonotum dull yellow with three jet black stripes, the median stripe very broad and narrowed behind, the lateral stripes short, broad, straight, the space betweer these three stripes very narrow and greatly reduced; scutum with the median depression pale in front; behind and on the lobes black; scutellum and postnotum broadly black medially, paler on the lateral margin of the sclerites. Pleura yellow, with dark brownish black blotches as follows: An elongate, vertical mark on the pro- pleura; mesopleura with a large blotch on the ventral portions of the episternumand the sternum; caudal edge of these two sclerites with an elongate vertical blotch extending from the wing-root to mesocoxa, the portion of the postnotum between the base of the wings and the halteres brown; metepimeron brown. Halteres pale, knobs whitish at the tips. Legs, fore coxae brown, trochanter light vellow, femora vellow basally, browner at tip; other coxe more yellowish, femora darkening to brown at tip, tibicee brown, lighter basally; tarsi dark brownish-black. Wings hyaline or nearly so, cells C and Sc. yellowish; stigma brown, distinct; cord margined with brown; apex of wing brownish. Venation as in plate XI, fig. 1.
Abdomen with the first tergite brown, except on the side in front; segments 2 to 5 brown on the caudal half; segment 6 with the caudal half dark brown; segments 7 to 9 dark brown; sternites yellow; caudal half of the 7th te 9th segments dark brown.
15.
JAPANESE CRANE-FLIES
162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
Male.—Hypopygiun, with the 9th tergite (pl. XI, fig. 7) from above, narrow with deep median notch on the caudal margin, and with the outer angles of the lobes produced into sharp points, which are directed caudad and laterad, the caudal margin of these lobes with fine denticulz, 9th sternite from beneath with the caudal margin gently concave, pleural suture very strongly arcuated; apical appendages, outer one rather broad and pointed, inner ap- pendage with a long curved point below which are three chitinized teeth. (See plate XI, fig. 14).
Holotype, o&. Tokyo, Japan; May 7, 1912. (Vial 30.) Pachyrhina repanda, sp. n.
Head yellow, with a small rounded brown spot on vertex; mesothorax with black stripes, scutellum and postnotum unmarked.
Male.—Length 12.9 mm.; wing 13.4 mm.; antenne 5.2 mm.
Male.—Palpi yellow; frontal! prolongation of the head yellow except the nasus, which is brownish and provided with a tuft of long brown hairs; antennze with segments 1 to 3 yellowish, the third a little brown on the lower surface; remainder of antennz dark brownish black; the intermediate flagellar segments rather deeply incised on the lower face at the basal third (see plate XI, figure 11, showing the outline ofthe sixth antennal segment); front, vertex and occiput yellow, the vertex with a small rounded dark brown median spot behind.
Pronotum light yellow; mesonotal prascutum light yellow, with dark brownish black stripes as follows: A broad median stripe which is widest in front, slightly narrowed behind and running the length of the sclerite; a shorter lateral stripe on either side, this stripe curved laterad before the pseudosuture; scutum, lobes with a prominent oblique stripe running across them; a small triangular median. blotch on the anterior half of the sclerite; scutellum and postnotum light yellow, unmarked. Pleura pale yellowish white. Halteres light coloured, the knob a little suffused with brown. Legs, coxe and trochanters light yellow, femora and tibia yellowish brown, passing into brown at the tip of the latter; tarsi brown. Wings subhyaline, cells C and Sc. a little brighter, yellowish; stigma small, brown, tip of the wing a little su‘tused with darker; veins brown, vein Sc. yellow. Venation as in plate XI, figure 3.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. [165
Abdomen, tergites yellow with an indistinct light brown blotch in the middle of each sclerite; lateral sutures darker; sternites yellow; segments 7 to 9 dark brown. Male hypopygium with the 9th tergite (see plate XI, fig. 8) from above with the caudal margin concave, with a deep, parallel-sided, median notch, the lateral angles produced into points which are directed caudad the caudal margin with small, black denticulee and points; 9th sternite from below with the caudal margin about straight with a rounded median protuberence. Apical appendages, the oucer fleshy lobe rather broad, the point moderately long and rather obtuse; the inner appendage is strongly chitinized, rounded-oval, on the cephal- ic face produced into a long point which is directed forward; below this point, very strongly chitinized and deeply incised. (See plate XI, fig. 16.)
Holotype, o', Tokyo, Japan; August, 1912. (Vial 43.)
Pachyrhina virgata Coquillett.
1898. —Pachyrhina virgata Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 306.
1902.—P. virgata Kertesz, Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, p. 325.
1910.—P. virgata Riedel, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., p. 436.
Several specimens of this interesting species were included in the collection.
Male.—Length 10.8—11.8 mm.; wing 10.2—12.4 mm.; antenne 4.6—4.9 mm.
Female.
Length 14.4 mm.; wing 13 mm.
I give a figure of the sixth antennal segment in plate XI, figure 10, and of the wing-venation in plate XI, figure 4. The male hypo- pygium may be described as follows: The 9th tergite from above (plate XI, figure 9) with the caudal margin having a brcad rounded median notch into which the tips of the apical pleural appendages fit, the inner edge of the adjacent lobe produced into chitinized lobules which are provided with denticule; each lobule with a sharp chitinized point on its caudal margin, these points directed caudad. Inasmall o& (Vial 46) the median notch is not so rounded, more oval, the sharp caudal points are longer. Apical appendages, the outer fleshy lobe rather broad and pointed, inner lobe witha
long, cephalad-directed point which is provided with a few hairs on its lower face, with a deep notch beneath its base and a strongly chitinized protuberence. (See plate XI, fig. 13). Vial 22; Tokyo, Japan; April 26, 1912; 1 o,1 9. Vial 35; Tokyo, Japan; May 7, 1912; 1 9. Vial 43; Tokyo, Japan; Aug. 1912; 2 &. Vial 44; Tokyo, Japan; Aug. 1912;1 @. | Vial 46; Tokvo, Japan; Aug. 1912; 2 o. | Vial K; Tokyo, Japan; Aug. 1912; 1 9.
(To be continued.) |
164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. |
THE PRESENCE OF RING-JOINTS IN AUSTRALIAN SCELIONIDA:.
BY ALAN P. DODD, NELSON, N. Q., AUSTRALIA.
Quite recently while examining the antenne of a Scelionid, Gryonella reticulata Dodd, | was somewhat surprised to find that two small ring-joints were present. As ring-joints have not been recorded in this family, I had never searched for them, and it was only accidentally that their presence in this species was noticed. This discovery caused me to examine the antenna of numerous Scelionids in my collection. I found that in some cases there were obviously no ring-joints present; in others there appeared to be minute ring-joints, but I could not make sure of the fact, while in a few cases the ring-joints were distinct, though smal]. The following species possesssed obvious ring-joints: Subfamily / eleasine; Gryonella reticulata Dodd; Subfamily Baline, Acolomorpha minuta Dodd; Subfamily Scelionine, Hadronotus nigriceps Dodd, Opistha- cantha giraulti Dodd, Sceliacanthella paroipennis Dodd, Leptoteleia aurea Dodd, Baryconus exsertus Dodd, B. longipennis Dodd, and B. trispinosus Dodd.
The species, Opisthacantha giraulti, possessed apparently one ring-joint, but under high-power magnification there appeared to be three excessively thin ring-joints. Gryonella reticulala had two ring-joints, while the other species mentioned possessed but one each. This discovery is of considerable interest.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 205
Hydromanicus, A ntarctopsyche, Symphitopsyche and Stenopsyche. This latter genus has been placed in the Philopotamide since it has ocelli, but is more allied to Hydropsyche by all other characters.
The Psychomyini will include, besides the usual genera, Ecnomus; it was also placed here by MacLachlan. Tinodes is removed to the next tribe.
The Polycentropint, besides the usual genera, includes Tinodes; this move is also warranted by the structure of the male genitalia.
The Philopotamini has the usual genera, as placed by Dr. Ulmer, but without Stenopsyche.
(To be continued.)
REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF JAPANESE CRANE- BEES @kEP UEDA DEP TERA). BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, ITHACA, N. Y. (Continued from p. 164.)
Genus: Tipula Linneus.
Key to the ‘apanese Tipule.
i= Large species (over 30)mm.in length)... .... 4.2.22... er. 2 Smaller species (less than 25 mm. in length)............... t 2. Wings ochre-brown, the cross-veins darker, the stigma bright
yellow {abdomen ochraceous-brown, the sterrum Dalen eee ee eos ieee es os prepotens Wied () Wings not ochre-brown with a yellow stigma............... 3 3. Abdominal tergites with the apices brown; hypopygium pale dull fulvous brown, thoracic dorsum blackish with two
GUStys lines eres eee: Medias ah pOea con: mikado Westw. (*) Abdomen with three dorsal longitudinal stripes, the median one indistinct on the basal segments. ...... .coquwilletti End.
4. Wings hyaline or subhyaline, with the costal region darker. .5 Wings either subhyaline without a dark costal border, or else
variegated hyaline, gray and brown................«-%. 6 5. Thoracic notum yellowish; abdomen without a distinct stripe ONKEUEN ChsS1G Careers eee terse AR ee end Toten es yamata, sp. 0.
1 Prepotens Wiedemann; Aussercur. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, pp. 40, 41 (1828). 2 Mikado Westwood; Trans. Eat. Soc. Lond., for 1876, p. 594. June, 1914
206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
Thoracic presscutum and scutum dark; abdomen yellow, with a broad brown stripe on either side of the yellow median
Vita wv. iso ie yore hac tots ate: Re cere aino, sp. n. 6. Abdomen with the segments having a dark caudal margin. . .7 Abdomentlinediwathydanksstripesic:- alacant 8
7. Caudal margin of the abdominal segments very narrow; wings light yellow without darker markings, except the prominent Stismlaeeeee ..-....@msulicola, sp..n.
Caudal margin of hee seatoatecil ee broad, comprising at least two-thirds of the length of the sclerite; wings light
gray with hyaline blotches............ nipponensis, sp. Ni. 8. Head. yellowish. 4-22 ae eas ee Ee eee 9 Headiiblackiorndark) browns oe eee eee eee 10
9. Abdomen with a median stripe; flagellum of antenna blacks his 22 eee ace ee ee . japonica Loew (?)
Andemen with three nee one medion ane two lateral: two basal flagellar segments yellow, remainder brown at base,
yellow: ‘at:-tipy Saeteae sae cae c shone hei lems SCRPICCOUSDAUS 10. Large ee (length, o, 15 mm.; unis 19 mm.). ahi kc sto eae IUSOM, AS Deane Small species (arity oe 101 mm.; wing, 13-5 :cmaml.)!72%) 6 oars he eect en ke parva Loew(?)
Tipula coquilletti Enderlein. Rs 1898 Tipula nubifera Coquillett; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 305.
1902 7ipula nubifera Kertess; Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, p. 299.
1912 Tipula coquillettt Enderlein; Zoél. Jahrb., vol. 32, pl. 1, jae es
A male and female; the following addenda to Coquillett’s des- cription may be of value:
The legs in my specimens have the femora and _ tibia almost uniformly dark brown; abdomen very long for a 7ipula. The wing is shown in plate 16, figure 7. Male hypopygium: 8th tergite rather broad, its caudal margin almost straight; 8th sternite (see plate (*) figure 17), much produced caudad into a scoop-like lobe which is very deeply notched medially, the tips of the lobes directed
1 Japonica Loew; Wiener Ent. Monatschr., Vol. 2, p. 101, 102 (1858). 2 Parva Loew; Wiener Ent. Monatschr., vol. 2, p. 102 (1858). 3 Plate 17 will appear in the next issue.
Can. Enr., Vot. XLVI. PLATE XVI.
JAPANESE CRANE-FLIES
208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
inward; 9th tergite rather small (see plate 17, figure 8), viewed from above, the caudal margin is narrowed and evenly concave, the whole caudal end being covered densely with small black spicules; suture between the sternum and tergum not clear; 9th sternite (plate 16, figure 7), broad, its caudal margin concave. Pleural appendage, a large flattened lobe (sce plate 17, figure 10), on the inside (plate 17, figure 9), with the dorsal outer angle densely provided with short black spicules, with numerous other spicules down the inner face.
Female (allotypic): tergal valves of the ovipositor long and slender, heavily chitinized, not so deep as the high sternal valves.
Vial 13; Tokyo, Japan; April 25, 1912; 167, 19.
Tipula yamata, sp. n.
Head blackish; thoracic notum yellowish; anterior half of the pleura dark brown; abdomen without distinct longitudinal stripes; wings with a pale brown suffusion, the costal region a little darker.
Male, length 12 mm.; wing 16.6 mm.
Female, length 19.2 mm.; wing 16.8 mm.
Male.—Palpi dull yellow; frontal prolongation of the head rather short, dull yellow; antenne light yellow, the flagellar seg- ments passing into brown; front, vertex and occiput dark brown passing into yellow on the gene.
Pronotum brown. Mesonotum light coloured, yellowish, with indistinct, narrow, darker stripes on the prascutum. Pleura, pro- pleura and anterior half of the mesopleura and the metapleura, pale, whitish, Halteres long, slender, pale. Legs: fore and middle coxe dark brown; trochanters and femora yellow, light brown at tip; tibiae yellowish, brown darker at the tip; tarsi brown. Wings with a pale brown suffusion; costal border darker brown, this colour including cells C-and Sc.; stigma greyish brown. Venation, see plate 16, figure 5.
Abdominal, tergites 1-4’ yellowish, 5-9 darkened, brownish; sternites 1-6 yellow, 7 yellow with a brown median line, 8 brown basally, yellow at the tip. Male hypopyguim: 9th tergite from above with a prominent median chitinized protuberence, its caudal margin gently concave and with short bristles and chitinized points. Pleural suture incomplete; pleural appendages as follows: outermost (see plate 17, figure 3), a broad, flattened lobe quite
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209
densely covered with long hairs, these hairs rather stout except along the caudal margin where they are delicate, fringe-like; just inside this appendage is a cylindrical, chitinized arm directed toward the end of the 9th tergite, the apex evenly rounded; the largest of the pleural appendages is a flattened arm whose apex is notched and crenulated and fits into the notch of the 9th tergite; the penis is very long and slender, the central vesicle large and rounded.
Female.—About as in the o, the flagellar segments suban- nulate, the apical three-fifths of each segment being much paler than the basal portion; abdominal tergites 5-7 with a dark brown basal mark, segments 8 to the end brown; valves of the ovipositor short and sharply pointed. In one 9, the entire tergum beyond segments 1-3 is almost entirely dark brown but this may be caused by the gravid condition of the abdomen which is greatly distended with eggs.
Holotype, &, Tokyo, Japan; August, 1912 (Vial 42).
Allotype, 2, Tokyo, Japan; August, 1912 (Vial K).
Paratypes, 22, Tokyo, Japan; May 7, 1912 (Vial 34).
The specific name is that of an aboriginal Japanese race inhabiting the southern and central portions of the southern half of Nippon, facing the Pacific Ocean.
Tipula aino, sp. n.
Head blackish; praescutum and scutum dark coloured; abdomen vellow with two dorsal brown lines, one on either side of the broad ground stripe; wings with a slight gray tinge, costal region brown.
Male.—Length 16 mm.; wing 16.5-18.4 mm.
Female.—Length 19.4 mm.; wing 20.5 mm.
Male.—Palpi and the frontal prolongation of the head brown; antenne with the three basal segments orange, segments 4 and 5 orange at the extreme base, entire remainder of the antennz black; front, vertex and occiput dark coloured, blackish.
Mesonotum with the prescutum and most of the scutum uniformly dark brown with narrow darker stripes, one median and one on either side; scutum pale medially, lobes very dark; scutellum and postnotum dull yellow, the latter a little brown on the sides and in some specimens entirely dark. Pleura dull yellow
210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
with a brown tinge on the propleura and anterior portions of the mesopleura. Halteres rather long, pale. Legs: coxee and troch- anters light yellow; femora orange-yellow the tip brown; tibie yellowish on the basal half, thence passing into brown; tarsi brown. Wings with a dark brown costal border, this in- cluding cells C, Sc., and the cephalic halves of cells R and Ist R1; stigma even darker; most of cells R and M and the bases of cells Re, Rs and Rs hyaline; remainder of the wings with a brownish- gray tinge. Venation as in plate 16, figure 3.
Abdominal tergites yellow with a broad brown stripe on each side, these stripes becoming confluent on segments 7 and 8; caudal margin of segments 3-6 narrowly brown; sternites dull yellow, the caudal margins of the segments a little darker. Male hypopygium: 9th tergite from above (see plate 16, figure 4), with the latero- caudal angles produced into strong spines between which is a small rounded lobe covered with hairs; suture between the tergum and sternum not clear; appendages of the pleural region viewed from the side (see plate 17, figure 5), two in number, the more ectad of which is a large, oval lobe, somewhat chitinized on its edges, its ventro-cephalic margin on the inside with a small oval knob provided with hairs; inner lobe very large, its caudal edge thickened and here provided at its tip with a comb of bristles di- rected caudad and an apical bunch directed dorsad; inner face of this appendage near its tip with a group of about 14 sharp points.
Female ——Ovipositor with the sternal valves very high, blade- like, the tips subacute; tergal valves very slender apically, the tip scarcely enlarged.
Holotype, co, Tokyo, Japan; April 13, 1912 (Vial 12).
Allotype, 2, Tokyo, Japan; April 13, 1912 (Vial 12).
Paratypes, 5 o’, 52; as follows:
Vial J; 12, Tokyo, Japan; August, 1912 (Cornell).
Vial 12; 26%, 22, Tokyo, Japan; April 13, 1912 (Cornell).
Vial 40; 3¢°, 29, Tokyo, Japan, August, 1912 (U.S. Nat.
Mus.).
The specific name is that of an aboriginal Japanese race for- merly occupying the northern half of Nippon, now confined to Yesso and the islands to the northward.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 211
Tipula insulicola, sp. n.
Antenne annulated black and yellow; thorax without indis- tinct brown stripes; wings light yellow with a prominent oval brown stigma; abdominal segments with a dark caudal margin.
Female—Length 11.2 mm.; wing 11.3 mm.
Female.—Palpi and frontal prolongation of the head brown, the latter short and stout; antennz with the three basal segments yellow, remaining segments with the basal two-fifths dark brown, the apices light yellow, these colours abruptly contrasted; front, vertex and occiput brown.
Prescutum dull yellow with three indistinct brown stripes of which the median one is broad, the lateral ones shorter and nar- rower; scutum with the lobes reddish; scutellum and postnotum
dull yellow. Pleura dull yellow. Halteres dull yellow. Legs: coxe, trochanters and femora light vellow; tibize brownish yellow, a little darkened at the tip; tarsi brown. Wings light yellow,
cells C and Sé. a little brighter; stigma prominent, oval; an in- distinct hyaline stripe across the wing beginning before the stigma and including cell Ist Mz. Venation, see plate 16, figure 6.
Abdominal tergites dull yellow, each segment narrowly but distinctly margined with dark brown all around, sternites very pale, almost white, each segment with the caudal margin narrowly brown: genital segment reddish yellow. Ovipositor with the tergal valves having a stout, enlarged base, the valves produced caudad into exceedingly slender points which are slightly expanded at their tips; tergal valves much shorter than the elongate, bladelike sternal valves which are directed caudad.
Holotype, 2, Tokyo, Japan; August ,1912 (Vial K).
(To be continued.)
TWO NEW CALIFORNIA THAMNOTETTIX (HOMOPTERA).
BY E. D. BALL, LOGAN, UT.
While collecting in California, several years ago, a single specimen of a beautiful Thamnotettix was captured, but escaped
from the net; not, however before its characters were pretty defi- June, 1914
212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
nitely fixed in mind. While collecting in another locality last year the same species was found and instantly recognized, and, like the former one, lost. This now became the chief object of search, and later it was captured in several different places. Its remarkable agility in escaping from a net probably being a reason it has not been captured before.
Thamnotettix pasadena, n. sp.
Size and form of wrsina nearly, colour pattern resembling collaris, but still more highly ornamented. Rich brown, with head, saddle and anteapical band yellow. Length 2 6.5mm; o 6mm.; width 1.5mm.
Vertex definitely obtusely angled, almost two-thirds as long as its basal width, slightly shorter than the pronotum, one-half longer at apex than against the eye, disc flat, the margins rounding to the front except at the conical apex, front broadly wedge-shaped, the lateral margins nearly straight,, clypeus broad, slightly con- stricted. Elytra moderately long, strongly flaring behind. Vena- tion weak, often obscure, with irregular reticulations in the ante- apical cells, often especially emphasized along the claval and costal margins.
Colour—Vertex and face light yellow to yellowish ivory, eyes reddish or reddish brown, pronotum 1ich brown, the anterior submargin rich brown, with a row of irregular coalescing black spots, on either side a transverse median ivory mark; scutellum rich brown, sometimes with a medium light shield ornamented with two round dots. Elytra with the anterior two-thirds of claval areas rich yellowish ivory, the remainder brown, corium yellowish subhyaline, a brown cloud along the claval suture abruptly terminating just before the apex of clavus, where it expands and, uniting with the claval markings, forms a transverse brown band which narrows toward the costa and becomes slightly oblique, the reflexed apices of the elytra,including most of the apical areas smoky brown.
Genitalia—Female ultimate segment three or four times as long as the preceding, deeply angularly excavated from the lateral angles two-thirds, of its depth, the bottom of the notch broadly
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 235
DIRECTIONS FOR SENDING LIVING APHIDs.
It is desirable, in sending aphids for determination, that living individuals be submitted when possible. We have found the following method to be the most satisfactory of several tried:
Place a portion of the plant bearing the aphids in a glass vial and with it a strip of filter paper, the size depending on the size of vial and quantity of foliage placed within it. The vial is then tightly stoppered with a cork and placed in a mailing tube or substantial box for mailing. Always have the stem of the plant and the end of the filter paper sufficiently long so that they will be held by the cork; otherwise the loose foliage and twigs will shake about and may crush the aphids. By this method we have shipped living specimens 1,700 miles and had them reach their destination in excellent shape. Tin salve boxes also make excellent shipping boxes for living aphids. Shipments of this nature should always be accompanied by full data, such as name of food plant, locality, date, part of plant affected, and collector.
All of the illustrations in this paper are by Dr. Henry Fox, excepting figures 10, 21, and 22, which are by Mr. W. R. Walton and figures 43 and 45 to 48 inclusive of plate VII and all of plate XVIII, which are the author's.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate Il. Macrosiphum creel n. sp.—Figure 1 antenna, and 2 cornicle of wingless viviparous female; 3 head and 4 antenna of winged viviparous female.
Macrosiphum coryli n. sp.—5 head, 6 antenna and 7 cauda of wingless viviparous female; 8 antenna, 9 wing, and 10 cornicle of winged viviparous female.
Plate IV. Macrosiphum venefusce n. sp—Il11 head, 12 antenna and 13 cauda of wingless viviparous female, 14 head, 15 antenna, 16 wing, and 17 cornicle of winged viviparous female; 18 antenna of winged male; 19 antenna and 20 hind tibia of wingless oviparous female. =
Plate V. Macrosiphum tilie Monell.—21 head, 22 antenna and 23 cornicle of wingless viviparous female; 24 antenna of winged male; 25 hind tibia of wingless oviparous female.
236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
——
Myzus lycopersici Clarke.—26 antenna of wingless viviparous female; 27 antenna, 28 head, 29 cornicle and 30 cauda of winged viviparous female; 31 antenna of winged male; 32 antenna of Oviparous female.
Plate VII. Myzus lycopersici Clarke —33 hind tibia of wingless oviparous female.
Rhopalosiphum howardit \Wilson.—84 antenna of wingless viviparous female; 35 head, 36 wing, 37 cornicle, 38 cauda and 39 antenna of winged viviparous female; 40 antenna of wingedmale.
Eulachnus rileyi Williams.—41 antenna of wingless viviparous female; 42 head, 43 antenna, 44 beak, 45 wing and 46 hind tarsus of winged viviparous female; 47 antenna of winged male, 48 hind | tibia of wingless oviparous female. ye
Plate XVIII. Symdobius albasiphus n. sp.—49 antenna, 50 cornicle and 51 cauda and anal plate of wingless viviparous female; 52 head, 53 antenna and 54 cauda and anal plate of winged
viviparous female; 55 antenna and 56 wing of winged male; 57 antenna and 58 hind tibia of wingless oviparous female.
REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF JAPANESE CRANE- FLIES (TIPULID2, DIPTERA).
BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, ITHACA, N. Y. (Continued from p. 211.)
Tipula nipponensis, sp. n.
Head yellowish; thorax yellow with brown stripes; abdomen with the caudal margin of the segments broadly brown; wings variegated gray, brown and hyaline.
Male: Length 12.8 mm.; wing 13.6 mm.; antenna about 4 mm.
Female: Length 13—14.1 mm.; wing 14.2-15.2 mm.
Male: Palpi brown, the terminal segment very long and pale; frontal prolongation of the head very short and stout, yellowish; antenne, segments 1 and 2 yellow, flagellar segments with the somewhat enlarged base dark brown, the remainder of each seg- ment dull yellow; front, vertex and occiput dull yellow, the sides of the vertex and the gene dark brown.
Pronotum pale; mesonotum dull yellow with dark brown
stripes, the median one bisected by a pale line, lateral stripes short, July, 1914
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 237
very close to the median stripe; scutum with the lobes brown; scutellum and postnotum yellowish medially, the sides dark brown, a narrow indistinct median line. Pleura yellowish with brown blotches as follows: On sides of the propleura; a large blotch on the meso- episternum and mesosternum; a very dark spot on the dorso- cephalic angle of the mesepimerum, a dark blotch at the base of the halteres. Halteres paler. Legs, coxe dull yellow with the base on the outer side tinged with brown; trochanters yellow; femora yellow, the tip brown; tibie light brown, tarsi dark brown. Wings with a light gray suffusion, cells C and Sc a little lighter, yellowish; stigma brown; hyaline spots as follows: In front of and beyond the stigma, cell Ist Mz, a large blotch in the end of cell M and a spot in cell Ist A near the end of vein 2nd A; veins Cu and 2nd A narrowly seamed with brownish. Venation (see plate XVI, figure 2).
Abdominal tergites with the basal third yellowish, apical two- thirds brown; pleural line conspicuously dark brown; sternites light vellow, each segment with a narrow, transverse subbasal brown band. Male hypopygium: 9th tergite from above narrow, not nearly as wide as the 8th tergite, its lateral angles rounded, its caudal margin deeply and broadly notched. Pleural append- ages from the side (see plate XIX, fig. 2). A more dorsal and ectal fleshy lobe which is directed backward, this lobe cylindrical, tapering, provided with sparse long hairs; entad and ventrad of this lobe is a large bifid appendage whose caudal arm is feebly chitinized, pale, with abundant hairs, the inner or cephalic arm is chitinized, and with strong teeth which approach the caudal margin of the 9th tergite. Penis with the central vesicle large, its convex side directed dorsad, the penis proper, long and slender.
Female.—Almost as in the oc’, the antennz shorter; oviposi- tor with the tergal valves much more slender than the high " sternal valves.
Holotype, &, Tokyo, Japan; April 26, 1912 (Vial 25).
Allotype, 2, Tokyo, Japan; April 26, 1912 (Vial 25).
Paratype, 2 ; Tokyo, Japan; April 26, 1912 (Vial 25).
Tipula serricauda, sp. n.
Head with a brown median stripe; thorax with three brown
stripes; abdomen trivittate with brown; female ovipositor with the
238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
sternal valves exceedingly short, tergal valves long, serrated on the outer margin; wings clouded brown, gray and hyaline. Female.—Length about 23 mm.; wing 18-18.8 mm. Female.—Palpi with the base dark, the apical segments pale; frontal prolongation of the head rather short, dark above, pale beneath; antenne, four basal segments light yellow, the remaining segments a little brown at the base, yellow apically ; front, vertex and occiput dull yellow, the head with an elongate brown median stripe. Mesonotal prescutum light brown, with three broad dark brown stripes of which the median one is very broad and is bisected by a pale line, lateral stripes close to the median one; scutum dull brownish yellow, the lobes mostly dark brown; scutellum brownish yellow; postnotum light brown, with three dark brown longitudinal stripes. Pleura brown, much darker on the mesosterna. Halteres rather short, dull yellow, the knob a little brown. Legs, coxee with the externo-cephalic face brown; trochanters dull yellow, femora and tibie yellow, the tips brown; tarsal segment 1 brownish yellow, brown at the tip; segments 2-5 brown. Wings gray, cells C and Se yellowish brown; dark brown blotches as follows; At base of vein M, in middle of cell M: ad- joining vein Cu, at origin of Rs, stigmal region including the cephalic portion of the cord. Hyaline blotches scattered over the wing, the largest beyond the stigma, extending obliquely across the wing to cell Ist Me; a large blotch in cells R and M near the basal third, another in cell M near the tip; others before the stigma and in the anal cells. Venation (see plate XVI, fig. 4). Abdominal tergites brownish yellow, with three indistinct dark brown longitudinal stripes which extend the length of the abdomen. Ovipositor of a remarkable structure; viewed from beneath (see plate XIX, fig. 6), the sternal valves are remarkably short, not even attaining the base of the upper valves; upper valves parallel on a horizontal plane, slightly curved, the inner margin smooth, the outer margin with numerous saw-like teeth. Sternites dull yellow, a broad brown longitudinal median stripe rather indistinct on segments 1-3 but becoming darker and better defined on the apical segments. Holotype, 2, Tokyo, Japan; August, 1912; vial 41. Paratype, 2, Tokyo, Japan; August, 1912; vial 41.
Can. ENT., VOL. XLVI.
\¥\ \
ap q A x \ WI i ASS \
JAPANESE CRANE-FLIES.
PLATE XIX
240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Tipula yusou, sp. n.
Head and thorax* blackish; postnotum blackish; abdomen yellow with three dorsal brown longitudinal lines and one median stripe; wings pale greyish brown variegated with hyaline.
Male: length 15 mm.; wing 19.2 mm.; antennae 4-5 mm.
Female: length 23 mm.; wing 21 mm.
Male: Palpi and frontal prolongation of the head dark brown, the latter very long; antennze, segment 1 very long; scapal seg- ments yellow, segment 3 yellow basally darkening into brown at the tip, remaining segments dark brown, the enlarged base even darker, front, vertex and occiput dark brown.
Pronotum dull yellowish brown. Mesonotal preescutum light brown with three darker brown stripes of which the median one is elongate cuneiform, its narrowed point ending just before the suture; scutal lobes dark brown; scutellum dull yellow with an indistinct, narrow darker line; postnotum dark brown. Pleura dark brown. Halteres pale, the stem browner before the knob. Legs, coxee brown on the outer face, the tips yellow; trochanters yellow; femora yellow, becoming brown at the tip; tibiz and tarsi brown. Wings, basal half pale yellowish, apical half more brown, cells C and Se yellowish; stigmal blotch darker brown, irregular; hyaline blotches as follows: a large blotch across the wing before the cord; a narrower one beyond the cord; a large blotch in the caudal portions of cells Ist A and 2nd A; cell M pale in the middle. Venation, see plate XVI, figure 1.
Abdominal tergites 1—7 dull yellow with a narrow dark brown median stripe; segments 3-7 with a shorter and narrower stripe near the lateral margin of each scierite; segments 8—9 dark brown; sternites dull yellow, also with a distinct, narrow median vitta. Male hypopygium (Lateral aspect, see plate XIX, figure 1): 9th tergite from above, with the caudal margin deeply and broadly rounded, the edge with abundant chitinized teeth, the lateral angles notched; 8th sternite, viewed from the side triangular, the caudal end with a dense bunch of orange coloured hairs; 9th ster- nite rather large, oval, bearing on its pleural region a group of appendages as follows: the more dorsal a large, fleshy, sigmoid lobe, very densely clothed with long delicate hairs, ventrad and entad of this a large bifid appendage whose caudal branch ends in
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 241
a cylindrical chitinized arm, and whose cephalic branch is produced dorsad into a spoon-shaped appendage whose concavity is directed toward the chitinized portion of the 9th tergite; entad of these appendages is a large lobe whose point is chitinized and directed cephalad, the sides with deep parallel grooves. The penis is rather Short and very stout; just underneath its tip inside the pleura are a pair of apophyses (shown in the figure), these strongly chitinized and ending in two sharp spines of which the caudal one is the larger.
Female.—Like the &@, but the dorsal abdominal stripe is much broader, lateral stripes also much broader; on the caudal half of the 7th tergite and on the 8th tergite, all three of the dorsal vitta unite and cover the segment; the sternal vitta is very broad, but is interrupted at the end of the 6th segment; segments 7 and 8 with a small brown median spot near the caudal margin, and the anterior and posterior edges of the sclerite a little darker; genital segment dull yellow.
Holotype, &, Tokyo, Japan; May 7, 1912; vial 36.
Allotype, 2, Tokyo, Japan; April 26, 1912; vial 21.
Paratypes, 2 9, Tokyo, Japan; April 25, 1912: vial 3.
The specific name is that of an aboriginal Japanese race for- merly occupying the north-west shores of the southern half of Nippon facing the Sea of Japan.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE XI.
Fig. 1. Wing of Pachyrhina pullata, sp. n.
Fig. 2. = P. palloris Coquillett.
Fig. 3. a P. repanda, sp. n.
Fig. 4. “— P. virgata Coquillett
Fig. 5. “__P. flavonota, sp. n.
Fig. 6. Dorsal aspect, 9th tergite, of P. flavonota, sp. n.; o. Fig. 7. a P. pullata, sp. n. ay Fig. 8. es ie i P. repanda, sp. n.; ov Fig. 9. ‘ iz * P. virgata Coquillett;@. Fig. 10. Sixth antennal segment, P. virgata Contec Gr: Fig. 11. i - P. repanda, sp. n.; &.
Fig. 12. a . rE P. pullata, sp. n.; a.
242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
Fig. 13. Pleural appendages, co hypopyguim, P. virgata Coquillett. : ;
Fig. 14. Pleural appendages, & hypopygium, P. pullata, sp. n.
Fig. 15. rs on “ 2 P. flavonota,sp.n.
Fig. 16. a = ‘ * P. repanda, sp. n. PrarrE XVI.
Fig. 1. Wing of Tipula yusou, sp. n.
Fig. 2. vf T. nipponensis, sp. n.
Fig. 3. a T. aino, sp.n.
Fig. 4. a T. serricauda, sp. n.
Fig. 5. 3 T. yamata, sp. n.
Fig. 6. mg T. insulicola, sp. n.
Fig. 7. a T. coquilletti Enderlein.
Fig. 8. - Dictenidia fasciata Coquillett
PLATE XIX.
Fig. 1. Hypopygium of 7ipula yusou, sp. n.
Lateral aspect; t= 9th tergite; pl= pleura. Fig. 2. Hypopygium of 7. nipponensis, sp. n.
Lateral aspect; t= 9th tergite. Fig. 3. Hypopygium of 7. yamata, sp. n.
Lateral aspect; t= 9th tergite. Fig. 4. Hypopygium of 7. aino, sp. n.
Dorsal aspect of the 9th tergite. Fig. 5. Hypopygium of 7. aino, sp. n.
Pleural appendages, lateral aspect. Fig. 6. Ovipositor of 7. serricauda, sp. n. Ventral aspect; t= tergal valve; 5= sternal valve. Hypopygium of 7. coquilletti End. Ventral aspect; 8s = 8th sternite; 9s= 9th sternite. Fig. 8. Hypopygium of T coquilletti End.; 9th tergite from above.
Fig. 9. Hypopygium of T. coquilletti End.; pleural appendage from the inside. Fig. 10. Hypopygium of 7. coquilletti End.; pleura and its
appendage from the outside.
ee ie) “I
*
NEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES
(Reprinted from Entomological News)
THE NEOTROPICAL TIPULIDAE IN THE HUNGARIAN NATIONAL MUSEUM (DIPTERA)
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER
TTHAGA, N.Y. I. November, 1913 - = - = pages 404—412 Il. December, 1913 - - - - 439-449 Ill. May, 1914 - - - - - 205-215
IV. October, 1914 - : - : 351-363
4945
Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 404
The Neotropical Tipulidae in the Hungarian National Museum (Diptera).—I.
By Cuarres P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.* (Plate XIV.)
Through the kindness of Dr. Coloman Kertesz, I have been able to examine and study the South and Central American crane flies in the collection of the Hungarian National Mu- seum at Budapest. This collection of Tipulid, although not containing an unusual number of specimens, included a con- siderable number of interesting species which will be discussed in this and succeeding papers.
Subfamily LIMNOBINAE. Tribe 1—LIMNoBINI.
Genus Dicranomyia Stephens. 1829. Dicranomyia Stephens; Catal. Brit. Ins.; vol. 2, p. 243.
Dicranomyia subdola, sp. n. (PI. XIV, Fig. 1).
Wings hyaline, veins of the wing margined with brown; tips of the femora yellow; abdomen annulated brown and yellow.
Female:—Length, 7.8 mm.; wing, 10.6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne greyish brown, the flagellar segments much darker, brown; front, vertex and occiput greyish brown with numerous black hairs.
Pronotum brownish yellow, dark brown medially. Mesonotal przescu-
*Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Cornell Univer-
sity.
405 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 13
tum yellowish brown, a broad dark brown median stripe extending the length of the sclerite; scutum with the lobes brown, median space brighter, more yellowish; scutellum brown broadly margined with yellowish; postnotum dark brown. Pleure broadly dark brown be- coming much lighter colored on the sternum. Halteres rather long, base of the stem pale, darkening into brown.
Legs, coxe and trochanters light yellow, femora yellowish brown darkening toward the tip, the apex broadly yellow, tibie and tarsi brown.
Wings subhyaline, a brown quadrangular stigma, narrow brown seams along the cord, at the tip of Sc and along Rs, on the outer de- flection of cell 1st M2 and less distinctly along most of the longitudinal veins. Venation, (see plate XIV, fig. 1) Scr ending beyond the origin of Rs, Sc2 also beyond Rs, its length about equal to Sci, basal deflection of Cui about at the fork of M.
Abdomen, tergites with the basal half of each segment dark brown, the apical half abruptly yellow; sternites similar beyond the first seg- ment.
Holotype, @, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian National Museum.
Closely related to andicola Alexander, of Bolivia (Can. Ent.; vol. 44, pp. 362, 363; pl. 11, fig. h), differing in the lack of lateral prescutal stripes, much more extensive brown pat- tern on the wings, position of Sc2, ete.
Dicranomyia tricincta, sp. n.
Wings with a reticulated pattern, a supernumerary cross vein in cell R3; femora with three subequal, equidistant brown rings.
Male—Length, about 7-7.5 mm.; wing, 10.3 mm. Hind leg, femur, 8.8 mm.; tibia, 9 mm.; tarsus, 5.7 mm.
Closely related to D. muscosa End." of Ecuador, differing as follows: Head rich brown without a yellowish tinge; legs with the femora light yellow with three broad equidistant brown bands, the first premedian, the second postmedian, the last subapical, these annulations occurring on all the legs, tibiz a little darker at the tip, two terminal tarsal seg- ments brownish. In muscosa, the legs are bright greenish yellow, the apical third of the femora yellowish, before the tip with a broad pale grey ring, tibize and tarsi bright brownish yellow. With muscosa it agrees in its irregularly reticulated wing pattern, presence of a super- numerary cross vein in cell R3, green cast to the body, ete.
Holotype, ¢, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian National Museum,
(1) Enderlein, Zool. Jahrbuch., vol. 32, pt. 1, pp. 75, 76, fig. W?; 1912.
Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 406
Genus Rhipidia Meigen. 1818. Rhipidia Meigen, System. Beschr., vol. 1, p. 153.
Rhipidia domestica angustifrons Alexander (1912). Alexander, Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., vol. 8, pp. 16, 17; pl. 1, fig. 9.
One 2 from Callanga, Peru.
Rhipidia, sp.
One @ from San Bernardino, Paraguay. Fiebrig, 1908. It is allied to domestica but the antenne are entirely lacking and closer identification is impossible.
Rhipidia, sp.
One 2 from Asuncion, Paraguay. Vezényi, 1904.
Genus Geranomyia Haliday. 1833. Geranomyia Haliday; Entomol. Magaz., vol. 1, p. 154.
Geranomyia valida Loew. (Pl. XIV, Fig. 2). 1851. Aporosa valida Loew.; Linnea Entomologica, vol. 5, p. 308.
One @, Concepcion, Chile, 1903; P. Herbst, coll.
A few additional details to Loew’s characterization may be given. Proboscis split at tip, each lip recurved, the palpi very short and stout. Legs stout, coxe, trochanters and femora yel- lowish, not darkened; tibiz yellowish brown; tarsi, segments 1-3, brownish yellow, narrowly brownish at the tip of each, segments 4 and 5, brown. Wing venation (see plate XIV, fig. 2). Length, about 6.5 mm.; wing, 9.6 mm.; rostrum, 2.2 mm.
Geranomyia numenius, sp. n. (Pl. XIV, Fig. 3).
Rostrum long, thorax reddish brown, the przescutum with three pale vitte and a dark brown median stripe; femora with a dark subapical ring; wings spotted, Sc long.
Female—Length (excluding rostrum), 9.3 mm.; wing, 9.2 mm.; pro- boscis, 6.2 mm.
Proboscis dark brownish black; antenne almost black, the flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical; front, vertex and occiput grey.
Pronotum light grey with a broad dark brown median vitta. ‘Mesonotal prascutum rich reddish brown divided by three pale longi- tudinal whitish grey stripes, the median one broad and bisected by a narrow dark brown line which begins just behind the front margin of the sclerite and runs to the suture, the pale lateral vitte narrow, en- larged at their anterior end before the pseudosutural fovea and run to the suture; scutum, scutellum and postnotum rich reddish brown, the latter with a paler median line. Pleure pale testaceous brown, darker
407 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 713
on the mesopleure, more greyish behind. Halteres, stem pale, knob brown.
Legs, cox and trochanters dull yellow, femora light brownish yel- low with a rather broad subapical ring, tibiae light brown, the tip a little darker; tarsi brown.
Wings slightly infuscated with four brown marks along the costal region, the second at the origin of Rs, the third at the tip of Sc, the fourth at the stigma; pale greyish seams along the cord and along the outer end of cell 1sf M2. Venation (see plate XIV, fig. 3) ; Sc long, end- ing opposite or beyond the middle of Rs; Sc2 equal to Sci; Rs rather long, strongly arcuated at its origin. There is a supernumerary cross vein in cell Sc between the base of the wing and the origin of the sec- tor, such a condition being rather frequent in this genus.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, stermites much paler, yellowish.
Holotype, @, Callanga, Peru.
Paratype, 2, Callanga, Peru.
Types in the Hungarian National Museum.
The paratype lacks the blackish median prescutal vitta.
G. numenius is allied to insignis Loew (1), but the antennal flagellum is black, not brown; thorax without three clear opaque brownish black stripes, ete.
Geranomyia cinereinota, sp. n. (Pl. XIV, Fig. 4).
Rostrum short; thoracic notum grey with a well defined blackish median stripe; femora uniform in color, wings subhyaline.
Male, length (excluding rostrum), 5.1 mm.; wing, 6.8 mm.; rostrum, 1.8 mm. Female, length (excluding rostrum), 5.2 mm.; wing, 7 mm.
Male.—Proboscis short, scarcely extending beyond the wing basis, dark brownish; antenne dark brown; head grey densely clothed with long, black hairs.
Cervical sclerites blackish with a little greyish bloom. Mesonotal preescutum grey with a broad brownish black median stripe, the sides of the sclerite darkened, almost black, the ground color brightest in front on either side of the median vitta, more suffused with brownish behind; scutum, scutellum and postnotum light grey. Pleure grey suffused with darker. Halteres short, yellowish, the knob brown.
Legs, cox and trochanters yellowish, femora dull yellow, tibize light brown, tarsi brown.
Wings subhyaline, iridescent, veins C, Sc and R more yellowish, re- maining veins brown. Venation (see Plate XIV, fig. 4).
Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites dull yellowish.
In the female the rostrum is even shorter, scarcely exceeding the antenne in length.
1. Loew, H.—Linnza Entomologica, vol. 5, p. 395, (1851).
Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 408
Holotype, ¢, Coroico, Bolivia.
Allotype, 2, with the type.
Paratypes, 4o ¢ @, Bartica, Brit. Guiana (H. S. Parish, coll.).
Types in the Hungarian National Museum; paratypes in au- thor’s collection.
G. cinereinota is allied to diversa O. S. of the Eastern U. S., but has a long Sc., and a different thoracic- and wing-pat- tern.
Geranomyia scolopax, sp. n.
Rostrum short, barely exceeding the antennz in length; thoracic no- tum greyish brown with dark brown stripes; legs uniform; wings hya- line with three brown costal spots.
Male.—Length, 5.3 mm.; wing, 7 mm.
Proboscis short, scarcely longer than the antennz, dark brown; an- tenne dark brownish black; head grey.
Mesothoracic prescutum greyish brown, with an ill-defined, darker median stripe and the lateral margin of the sclerite dark brown, this color being the continuation of the dark propleure, scutum dark brown; scutellum and postnotum a little lighter. Pleure light brown with a broad greyish brown band extending the length of the thorax above the base of the halteres and below the wing root, becoming con- fluent with the postnotum. Halteres pale, the knob a little brown.
Legs, coxe and trochanters yellow, fore femora dull yellow, tibize and tarsi brown; middle and hind legs brown excepting the coxe and trochanters which are yellow.
Wings hyaline, or nearly so, with a distinct oval, brown stigma, a brown cloud at the fork of Sc including the base of Rs, cell Sc with a brown cloud at one-half its length. Venation: Sc rather short, end- ing a little beyond the origin of Rs; Sc2 at the tip of Scr; basal deflec- tion of Cut at the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites rich brown, the extreme base of each segment pale; the lateral edge and an indistinct median vitta brown; sternites brown.
Holotype, ¢, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian National Museum.
Closest to cinereinota, sp. n., but with distinct spots on the wing and with the median prescutal stripe ill-defined.
Genus Peripheroptera Schiner. 1866. Peripheroptera Schiner; Verh. Zool. bot. ges. Wien; vol. 16, . . P. 933-
409 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 713
This remarkable genus of flies is apparently confined to the trepics of South America. Specimens are rare in collections and the few that have been taken are all contained in Euro- pean museums. The peculiar characters of the genus, for the most part alar and venational, are thoroughly discussed by Osten Sacken in the second part of his “Studies on Tipulide” (Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 31, pp. 174-177). The present col- lection contained specimens of four species of which three are herein considered as new.
Key to the Species of Peripheroptera. 1. Cell 1st M2 open; [thorax black shining; inner end of cell R3 an- terior to that of cell R5] (Brazil, Bolivia). incommoda O. §. (1)
Cell 1st M2 closed, i. e., crossvein m present ..........-.-+---> 2 2 (Body, color shiningspitchy blacks see eeee reece einer eeeeeneriee 3 Body color more or less reddish or yellowish ...............-- 4
3. Inner ends of cells R3, R5 and 1st M2 about in a straight line; femora yellow basally darkening into brown at the tip. (South yAmerica)i essen eee aberrans Schin. (2) Inner ends of cells R3 and 1st M2 much farther proximad than the inner end of cell R5; legs black. (Peru). teucholaboides sp. n. 4. Wings conspicuously margined with brown all around; a broad brown seam along the cord; [cell 1st M2 elongated; inner ends of cells R3, R5 and 1st M2 ina line.] (Peru). eudorae sp. n. Wings hyaline or suffused with yellowish; no distinct brown caudal margin to the wink sc. 2s os ein ccle cemie Caen reir 5 5. Inner ends of cells R3, R5 and 1st M2 nearly ina line. (Brazil). schineri O. S.'(3) Inner ends of cells R3, R5 and 1st M2 not in a line, that of R5 be- ing muchitarther distad, “2... <a> =e seme eee eee 6 6. Abdomen entirely light brownish yellow; triangular basal cell (2) very much shorter than cell R. (Peru)..arcuata sp. n. Abdomen darkened toward the tip; triangular basal cell (3 2) almost as long as cell R. (Colombia)....nitens Schin. (4)
(1) Osten Sacken, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr.; vol. 31, p. 176 (1887).
(2) Schiner, Novara Reise, Dipt, p. 43 (1868) (as Rhamphidia).
(3) Osten Sacken, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr.; vol. 31, p. 177 (1887).
(4) Schiner, Novara Reise, Dipt., p. 47, pl. 2, fig. 3 (1868) (type of the genus).
Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 410
Peripheroptera incommoda Osten Sacken (Pl. XIV, Fig. 5).
One male from Coroico, Bolivia, agrees very well with the original description of this species. It measures 3.5 mm. in length of body and 5.4 mm. in wing length. I include a figure of its venation. (See Plate XIV, fig. 5).
Peripheroptera teucholaboides, sp. n. (Pl. XIV, Fig. 6).
Head dull brown; thorax shining black; wings hyaline with a small brown stigma.
Male—tLength, 4.8 mm.; wing, 6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne dark brownish black, the flagellar segments short, rounded; front, vertex and occiput dull red- dish brown.
Thoracic dorsum shining black; pleure black, with a bluish grey bloom on the mesopleure. Halteres brown, the base of the stem lighter.
Legs long and slender, entirely black.
Wings hyaline, a small dark brown stigma and a narrow seam of the same color on the deflection of R 4 plus 5; veins brown. Vena- tion (see Plate XIV, fig. 6), triangular basal cell very short and small; Scr ends just before the origin of Rs; deflection of R 4 plus 5 a little shorter than Rs but strongly arcuated; inner end of cell 5 farther distad than those of R3 and 1st M2; basal deflection of Cur at fork of M. Anal angle of the wing feebly indicated.
Abdomen shiny black.
Holotype, ¢, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian National Museum.
P. teucholaboides bears a strong superficial resemblance to Dicranomyia moriodes O. S. (East. U. S.) and to certain of the tropical forms of Teucholabis. It is much nearer to the normal Limnobine type than any of the other known species of the genus in that the male venation and alar characters are about as in the females of the other species, i. e., small triangu- lar basal cell, small stigma, indication of an anal angle to the wing, etc.
Peripheroptera eudorae, sp. n. (Pl. XIV, Fig. 7).
Thorax reddish; wings margined all around with brown, a broad brown seam along the cord.
Male—Length, 5.4-6 mm.; wing, 8.2-10.1 mm.
Rostrum and palpi reddish brown; antenne, first segment brown, re- maining segments dark brownish black; front, vertex and occiput shiny
reddish chestnut, the occiput rather narrowed caudad to meet the elongated cervical sclerites, gene yellowish brown.
411 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 13
Pronotum shiny chestnut; mesonotal preescutum rich yellowish chest- nut, very shiny, in front much darker, brownish, this brown mark ill- delimited; scutum reddish brown, blackened on the outer cephalic angles of the lobes; scutellum and postnotum liver brown. Pleure deep yellowish chestnut without markings. Halteres short, brown.
Legs, cox and trochanters brownish yellow, base of femora yellow- ish, soon darkened into brown, tibize and tarsi brown.
Wings, yellowish, with distinct brown markings, the whole margin of the wing is brown, rather interrupted at the distal ends of the radial cells where the yellow ground color continues to the wing margin; cord broadly margined with brown. The yellow color is distributed as follows: Most of cells R and M, tip of cell 2nd R1, most of cell R3, basal half of Rs, middle of 1st M2, indistinct spots in the bases of M1 and M3, and a patch in cell Cur. Venation: Costa strongly incras- sated near the end of Scr; Sci ends opposite the origin of Rs; Rs short, about equal to the deflection of R 4 plus 5; inner ends of cells R3, Rs and 1st M2 in a line (see Plate XIV, fig. 7).
Abdominal segments almost black, each sclerite with a broad pale silvery apex.
Holotype, ¢, Callanga, Peru.
Paratype, ¢, Callanga, Peru.
Types in the Hungarian National Museum.
Peripheroptera arcuata, sp. n. (Pl. XIV, Fig. 8).
Thorax yellowish, a dark brown median mark on the przscutum, wings with the deflection of R 4 plus 5 strongly arcuated and not in a line with the inner end of cell Rs.
Female—Length, 5.6 mm.; wing, 6.8-7.8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brown; antennz, basal segments dull yellow, flagellar segments brown; front and vertex grey, this color continued caudad along the inner margin of the eye, caudal portions of the vertex and the occiput brownish yellow, head not shiny.
Thorax rich brownish yellow, a little shining, a conspicuous, elon- gate oval, dark brown stripe on the prascutum, this mark truncated in front, more pointed behind; scutum, scutellum and postnotum dull yel- low, not shiny. Pleurze dull yellow. Halteres light yellowish brown, knobs dark brown.
Legs, coxe and trochanters light yellow, femora yellowish darken- ing into brown toward the tip, tibia and tarsi brownish.
Wings with a faint yellow tinge, most intense along cells C and Sc; stigma indistinct rather small, cord and tip of the wing very indistinct- ly suffused with brown. Venation (see Plate XIV, fig. 8), cross vein r angulated near its middle, strongly arcuated and with indications of a spur; Rs rather long, not so arcuated as the deflection of R 4 plus 5 which is bent almost at a right angle and is much proximad of the
Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 412
inner end of cell R5 though about on a line with the inner end of cell Ist M2.
Abdomen brownish yellow without dark markings.
Holotype, ¢, Callanga, Peru.
Paratype, 2, Callanga, Peru.
Types in the Hungarian National Museum.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV.
Fig. 1. Wing of Dicranomyia subdola sp. n.; 9.
Fig. 2. Wing of Geranomyia valida Loew.; 9.
Fig. 3. Wing of Geranomyia numenius sp. n.; 9.
Fig. 4. Wing of Geranomyia cinereinota sp. n.; @.
Fig. 5. Wing of Peripheroptera incommoda Osten Sacken; ¢@. Fig. 6. Wing of Peripheroptera teucholaboides sp. n.; @.
Fig. 7. Wing of Peripheroptera eudorae sp. n.; @.
Fig. 8. Wing of Peripheroptera arcuata sp. n.; 9.
Fig. 9. Wing of Diotrepha omissinervis sp. n.; 9.
Fig. 10. Wing of Atarba varicornis sp. n.; 9.
439 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., ’13
The Neotropical Tipulidae in the Hungarian National Museum (Diptera).—Il.
By Cuartes P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.* (Plate XVI.)
Tribe 2—ANTOCHINI. Genus Teucholabis Osten Sacken. 1859. Teucholabis Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.; p. 223.
Teucholabis is the dominant Antochine genus in the tropics of the New World. Many species were included in the collec- tion and are considered in the following pages.
Teucholabis flavithorax Wiedemann.
Two specimens, ¢ @, from Callanga, Peru.
Teucholabis tristis, sp. n. (Pl. XVI, Fig. 1).
Head and thorax shining black; wings infumed with brown; Rs long, only slightly arcuated.
Female.—Length, 5.6 mm.; wing, 6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne dark brownish black; front, vertex and occiput dark shining black.
Thoracic dorsum shining black, the pronotum dull yellowish, this color continued caudad as a narrow stripe along the lateral margin of the prescutum to the wing root; pleure black. Halteres brown, knob yellow.
Legs, coxe and trochanters brown, femora yellowish brown, the tip
*Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Cornell Univer- sity.
Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 440
broadly dark brown; tibie and tarsi dark brown; the brown femoral apices are broadest on the fore femora, narrower on the hind femora. Wings with a light brown suffusion, a little more hyaline in cells Ist Ri, tip of cell R and in cell 1st M2; stigma dark brown, oval. Venation (see Plate xvi, fig. 1): Rs long, almost straight; cell 1st M2 short; basal deflection of Cur at the fork of M. Abdomen moderately long, dark brownish black.
Holotype, 2, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian National Museum.
Teucholabis fulgens, sp. n. (Pl. XVI, Fig. 2).
Head reddish; pronotum yellow; mesonotal prescutum reddish yel- low with three dark spots; posterior cox similar in color to the other cox; wings hyaline with no dark brown basal spot, tip infuscated.
Female—Length, 5 mm.; wing, 5.8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brown; antenne brown; front, vertex and occiput reddish.
Pronotum yellow. Mesonotal prescutum rich orange yellow, a small rounded, dark brown median spot near the cephalic margin; an oblong transverse mark of the same color on the caudal region of the prescu- tum; scutum yellow, the lobes more orange; scutellum light yellow; postnotum reddish orange. Pleure reddish orange, a rounded black spot midway between the root of the wings and the base of the halteres. Halteres brown, the knob orange yellow.
Legs, coxe and trochanters reddish yellow, fore femora with the basal fifth yellow, remainder brownish black, tibie and tarsi brownish black, middle and hind femora yellow with the tip broadly dark brown, tibie dark brown, lightest medially, tarsi dark brownish black.
Wings subhyaline, tip slightly infuscated; a triangular brown stigma and a very narrow brown seam on the cord down to cell 1st M2. Vena- tion (see Plate xvi, fig. 2): Rs rather strongly arcuated, its origin slightly anterior to Sc2.
Abdomen with the six basal tergites dark brown, apical tergites and the valves of the ovipositor rich reddish yellow; sternites light red- dish yellow.
Holotype, 2, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian National Museum.
Teucholabis jocosa, sp. n. (Pl. XVI, Fig. 3).
Head grey; pronotum inconspicuous, yellow; mesonotal prescutum reddish yellow with three dark spots; all coxe reddish; wings hyaline with a pale brown rounded stigma.
Female.—Length, 5.2 mm.; wing, 5 mm.
441 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 713
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black; antenne dark brownish black; front, vertex and occiput grey.
Pronotum not conspicuous, dull yellow; prescutum orange medially, lighter colored, yellowish, on the sides, a brown median stripe broad- est in front near the cephalic margin of the sclerite, becoming indis- tinct behind at about midlength of the sclerite, a rounded brownish black spot on the sides of the prescutum near the suture; scutum, scutellum and postnotum dull brownish yellow, not brightly colored. Pleure dull yellow. MHalteres pale yellowish brown, knob and stem almost unicolorous.
Legs, cox and trochanters dull yellow, femora dull yellow, the tips broadly dark brown, tibize yellowish brown, the tips broadly darker brown, tarsi dark brown; the brown femoral and tibial apices are sub- equal in length on all the legs.
Wings hyaline, with a pale brown rounded stigma. Venation (see Plate xvi, fig. 3): Rs long and almost straight.
Abdomen dark brownish black, the extreme apices of segments I to 6 indistinctly dull yellow; apical segments dull yellow, the base of the 7th tergite blackish.
Holotype, ¢, Coroico, Bolivia, in the Hungarian National Museum,
Teucholabis jucunda, sp. n. (Pl. XVI, Fig. 4).
Head black; pronotum light yellow; mesonotum light yellow with dark brown spots; pleuree with a large blotch; hind legs blackish; halteres dark throughout; wings brown with two large enclosed sub- hyaline blotches.
Female.—Length, 6 mm.; wing, 8.3 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black, the former elongated; antenne dark brown- ish black; front, vertex and occiput black.
Pronotum elongate, conspicuous, light yellow. Mesonotal prascutum light reddish yellow or orange yellow, a shining brownish black tri- angular spot on the middle of the sclerite, its anterior end broadest, its apex directed caudad and becoming much paler behind, spreading out over this part of the sclerite, a large rounded dark brown spot on the sides of the sclerite behind; scutum, lobes dark brownish black, median line and margins of the sclerite reddish yellow; scutellum and postno- tum yellowish. Pleure light dull yellow with a very large conspicuous brownish black mark on the mesopleure. THalteres brownish black throughout.
Legs, fore coxe and trochanters yellowish, rest of fore legs missing; middle cox and trochanters brown, base of the femora yellowish brown soon passing into the dark brown of the tip, tibie and tarsi dark brown; hind coxe and trochanters black, femora, tibie and tarsi dark brownish black.
Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 442
Wings hyaline or subhyaline, with conspicuous brown markings on the tip, along the cord and sub-basal, so that of the ground color only the following remains: A large blotch distad of the cord extending from cell 2nd Rr caudad into cell Cur including most of cell 1st M2; the median blotch is irregular, embracing the middle of cells R, M. and Cu and the tips of the anal cells; the anal angle of the wing is pale. Venation (see Plate xvi, fig. 4): Sc long, Scr ending nearer to the fork of Rs than to its origin.
Abdomen with three basal tergites dark brown, the remaining simi- lar in color with broad pale yellowish brown apices; sternites dark brownish black with very broad yellowish apices to the sclerites except the apical segments which are uniformly dark; ovipositor, base black- ish, tip yellowish.
Holotype, 9, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian National Museum.
In my key to Teucholabis (Psyche, vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 43, 44, 1913) jucunda would run down to pulchella Alexander, from Eastern Brazil. From this species it differs in the increase in brown markings on the thorax and the much darker wing pat- tern. It is much more closely related to T. laeta described below.
Teucholabis laeta, sp. n. (Pl. XVI, Fig. 5).
Head reddish brown; pronotum yellow; mesonotum reddish yellow with dark brown spots; pleure uniform; halteres dark throughout; wings with broad dark brown fasciz, basal cells almost clear of dark color.
Male.—Length, about 4.1 mm.; wing, 5.3 mm.
Rostrum, palpi and antenne dark brownish black. Front, vertex and occiput very deep reddish brown.
Pronotum yellow. Mesonotal prescutum rich reddish yellow with a large oval, median, dark brown blotch on the anterior portion of the sclerite, larger more rounded spots of the same color on the sides of the sclerite behind; scutum reddish, the lateral cephalic edge of the lobes with a brown blotch; scutellum and postnotum reddish yellow. Pleurze uniform reddish yellow without black markings. Halteres uni- formly dark color.
Legs, coxe and trochanters dull yellow, fore femora with the basal third yellowish passing into dark brown, tibie base and tip dark, the intermediate portion somewhat lighter, yellowish; remaining femora with the dark tip narrower.
Wings subhyaline with the tip dark brown, a broad seam of the same
443 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Decs rr
dark color along the cord, these two bands cutting off a large oval blotch of the ground color, base of the wing almost free from brown markings, except at the tips of the anal veins. Venation (see Plate xvi, fig. 5): Sc long, origin of Rs far before its tip.
Abdomen with the tergites dark shiny black, the fifth much paler, yellowish, basally and apically; sternites reddish yellow, uniform.
Holotype, ¢, Songo, Bolivia, in the Hungarian National Museum.
Closely allied to jucunda but much smaller, the thoracic coloration especially in the pleurz different and wing-pattern and venational details quite distinct. It should be noted that in the genus Teucholabis, the males are invariably larger than the females, a condition that is quite different from what oc- curs in most crane flies.
Teucholabis hilaris, sp. n. (Pl. XVI, Fig. 6).
Head reddish; pronotum yellow; mesonotal prescutum yellow with three broad brown stripes confluent behind; scutellum yellow; posterior coxe dark; wings hyaline with the tip infuscated.
Male—Length, 5 mm.; wing, 5.5 mm. Female—lLength, 4 mm.; wing, 4.8-5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brownish yellow; antenne basal segment orange yellow, flagellum black; front, vertex and occiput orange yellow.
Pronotum conspicuous, rich orange yellow, very shiny. Mesonotal prescutum yellow with three very broad dark brown stripes which almost conceal the ground color, these stripes confluent behind near the transverse suture; scutum yellow, each lobe with a large dark brown rounded spot in the center; scutellum light yellow; postnotum brownish black. Pleure, propleure yellow; meso- and metapleure dark shining black. Halteres, stem brown, knob bright orange yellow.
Legs, fore and middle coxe and trochanters light orange yellow, fore femora yellowish on basal fourth, remainder dark brown, tibie and tarsi brown, the former a little brighter medially; middle femora light yellow with a rather broad dark brown tip, tibiae with the base and tip dark brown, the medial portion yellowish brown; tarsi dark brown; hind leg, coxz and trochanters dark brownish black, femora light yellow with the tip broadly dark brown, tibie yellow with the base narrowly dark brown, the tip broadly of the same color, tarsi dark brownish black.
Wings, hyaline, the tip broadly infuscated with light brown; a dark brown basal spot in the region of the arculus; a dark brown triangular stigma which sends a narrow brown seam down along the cord to cell ist M2. Venation (see Plate xvi, fig. 6) : Origin of Rs opposite Sc2.
Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 444
Abdomen dark brownish black, the extreme tergal apices yellow; sternites yellow with brownish black rings.
Female\—Similar, the ovipositor and a ring on the 8th abdominal segment, yellow.
Holotype, ¢, Callanga, Peru.
Allotype, ?, Callanga, Peru.
Paratype, 2, Callanga, Peru.
The two types in the Hungarian National Museum, the para- type in the author’s collection.
This handsome species agrees most closely with simplex Wied. [Aussereur Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, pp. 549, 550; (Limno- bia)] but is much smaller, antenne not yellowish brown and the leg-pattern quite different. From molesta O. S. (Biologia Cent. Amer.; vol. 1, pp. 6, 7), it differs in its reddish head; from gracilis O. S. (l.c., p. 7), it differs in its thoracic pattern and much smaller size.
Teucholabis munda, sp. n. (Pl. XVI, Fig. 7).
Head dark brown above; pronotum yellow; thorax shiny black; wings hyaline with a broad brown apex and brown marks along the cord; Rs very short, arcuated, its origin opposite the tip of Scr.
Male—Length, 5.5 mm.; wing, 5.8 mm.
Rostrum yellow, palpi brown; antennz with the basal segment yel- low, remaining segments rounded oval, dark brownish, front yel- lowish, vertex and occiput very dark brown becoming lighter and brighter on the genz.
Pronotum very light yellow, not very shining. Mesonotum entirely dark shiny black. Pleure black. Halteres, stem dark brownish black, the knob light yellow.
Legs, fore coxe and trochanters light yellow, femora with the basal third yellowish darkening into brownish black apically, tibiz and tarsi dark brownish black; middle coxe brown, trochanters yellow, femora brownish yellow, the tip darker, tibiae and tarsi dark brown; hind coxe black, trochanters brownish yellow, femora brownish yellow gradually darkening to the brown tip, tibie and tarsi dark brownish black.
Wings subhyaline, the whole tip of the wing infuscated with light brown, the inner margin of this infuscation including the extreme tip of cell 1st M2; stigma large, dark brown, sending a narrow brown seam along the cord; an indistinct light brown suffusion in cell M1, and tips of the two anal cells. Venation (see Plate xvi, fig. 7): Rs short and very arcuated at its origin, its base opposite the tip of Scr.
445 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Wecseax 3
Abdomen with the tergites black, sternites black, the tips of the apical sclerites broadly yellowish.
Holotype, ¢, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian National Museum.
T. munda differs from all of the species known to me 1 the great arcuation of the radial sector.
Teucholabis paradoxa, sp. n. (Pl. XVI, Fig. 8).
Head reddish brown; thorax reddish, unspotted; wings subhyaline with numerous brown spots and dots; cross vein r-m not present.
Male—Length, 5 mm.; wing, 6.6 mm. Female—Length, 6 mm.; wing, 6 mm.
Male and Female——Rostrum reddish, palpi brown; antenne dark brownish black throughout; front, vertex and occiput shining reddish brown.
Pronotum reddish. Mesonotum and pleure reddish yellow without dark markings. Halteres light brown throughout.
Legs, cox and trochanters brownish yellow, femora brownish yel- low, the tip rather broadly dark brown, tibiz brown darkest at the tip, tarsi dark brown; fore tibia almost uniformly dark brown; the dark femoral apices subequal on all the legs.
Wings, shiny, light yellowish hyaline, with numerous dark brown spots and dots as follows: Cell C is brown except for a space near cross vein h; Sc2 brown with a space over the middle of cell 1st ‘Rt. Four large brown blotches, one at the base of the wing, a second at the origin of Rs, a third near the stigma and the last at the end of Rr in cell 2nd Rr. Anal angle of the wing dark, a large blotch in the end of cell 1st A; smaller blotches at the ends of the longitudinal veins; all of the cells of the wings with abundant rounded brown dots. Venation (see Plate xvi, fig. 8): Sc long, Rs rather long and rather strongly arcuated so that cell R is narrowest at its middle; cross vein r-m obliterated by the fusion of R 4 plus 5 on M 1 plus 2 at the proximal end of cell 1st M2; cell 1st M2 much longer than the veins issuing from it.
Abdomen, base yellowish, in the female tergites 2 to 5 light brown with dark apices; sternites brownish yellow; in the male, several of the basal tergites yellow, the abdomen expanded before the hypopy- gium, several segments being involved.
Holotype, ¢, Callanga, Peru.
Allotype, 2, Callanga, Peru.
Types in the Hungarian National Museum.
The only species of Teucholabis that I know of with this type of wing-pattern. The obliteration of the radio-median
Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 446
cross-vein by the fusion of R 4 plus 5 on M 1 plus 2, is a new venational feature for the genus although long known in the related genus Paratropesa Schiner.
Genus Paratropeza Schiner.
1866. Paratropesa Schiner; Verh. Zool. bot. Ges. Wien; vol. 16. p. 932.
A very interesting group of Neotropical crane flies remark- able in the presence of cell R2 in the wings, Paratropeza being the only genus in the tribe that possessses this character (com- pare my key to the Antochini, Psyche, vol. 20, No. 1; pp.
40, 41; 1913).
Key to the Species of Paratropeza.
1. Cross vein r-m obliterated by the fusion of R 4 plus 5 on MIT DLUSKE boviec tress aaah sete Aad es cio Oe kitten 2 GCrosssveinir=m» presents cer on canner a ee oie cee 4 2. Entire thorax blue black; [head dark purplish; wings with three dark brown bands, one near the wing base, one along the cord and the last on the wing tip; abdomen black, margins of the segments yellowish.] (Brazil, Peru). collaris O. S. (1) Thorax with at least the scutellum yellowish .................. 3 3. Thoracic prescutum entirely shiny black; wings with a narrow brown seam along the radial cross vein; [head yellow; abdo- men rust yellow except the base which is black.] (Colombia). singularis Schin. (2) Thoracic prescutum reddish yellow with three broad black stripes; wings with a narrow seam along the cord, tip of the wing
faintly infuscated; [head reddish yellow.] (Mexico). praeusta O. S. (3) 4. Cell 1st M2 of the wings open, due to the atrophy of the outer de- flection of M3; wings with two distinct dark brownish bands: tip of the wing infuscated. (Brazil)... fasciolaris Wied. (4) Cell 1st M2 closed; wings with a narrow brown seam along the
cord; tip of the wing not infuscated. (Brazil).
’ jactans sp. n.
(1) Osten Sacken, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr.; vol. 31, p. 190 (1887).
(2) Schiner, Novara Reise, Dipt., p. 46, pl. 2, fig. 2 (1868). (Type of the genus).
(3) Osten Sacken, Biol. Cent. Amer., vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 8 (1886).
(4) Wiedemann, Ausser. Zweifl. Insect, vol. 1, suppl., Pp. 552, pl. 6b, fig. 11 (1828), (as Limmnobia).
447 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dees “13
Paratropeza collaris Osten Sacken (Pl. XVI, Fig. 9).
One ¢@, from Callanga, Peru. Venation (see Plate xvi, fig. 9); Rs very strongly arcuated at its origin; deflection of Rk 4 plus 5 and cross vein r almost in a line; cross vein r-m ob- literated by the fusion of R 4 plus 5 on M 1 plus 2; basal de- flection of Cur just beyond the fork of M.
Paratropeza jactans, sp. n. (Pl. XVI, Fig. 10).
Thoracic prascutum yellowish with broad brown stripes; scutellum yellow; postnotum black; wings with a narrow brown seam along the cord; cross vein r-m present; cell 1st M2 closed.
Male.—Length, 6 mm.; wing, 6.8 mm.
Rostrum yellow, palpi brown; antennz with the basal segment brown- ish yellow, the remaining segments brown; front and vertex brown, darkest on the vertex; occiput reddish brown.
Pronotum yellowish brown. Mesonotal praescutum dull yellow with three broad dark brown stripes confluent behind, the median stripe broad, its sides subparallel, the lateral ones very large, occupying most of the caudo-lateral portions of the sclerite; scutum dull yellow, the lobes with a large rounded dark brown spot; scutellum dull yellow; postnotum dark brownish black. Pleurz rich reddish yellow, this color including the sternum. Halteres brownish black, the knob light yellow.
Legs, coxze and trochanters dull yellow, rest of the legs broken.
Wings broadest in the region of the cord, subhyaline with a broadly triangular dark brown stigma, a narrow brown seam along the cord and on the outer end of cell 1st M2; an indistinct brown suffusion from the origin of Rs caudad across the wing to the tip of 2nd A. Vena- tion (see Plate xvi, fig. 10): Rs long, very gently arcuated; deflection of R 4 plus 5 anterior to the cross vein r; cross vein 7-m present, rather long; cell rst M2 closed; basal deflection of Cur just beyond the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brownish black with a broad yellowish apex to the sclerites; sternites yellowish.
Holotype, ¢, Theresopolis, Brazil, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum.
Genus Diotrepha Osten Sacken.
1878. Diotrepha Osten Sacken; Cat. Dipt. N. Am.
Diotrepha omissinervis, sp. n. (Pl. XIV, Fig. 9).
Wings uniformly grey, Sc long, ending opposite the middle of Rs, tip of Rr atrophied; femoral and tibial apices dark brown.
Female.—Length, 8.8 mm.; wing, 6 mm.; abdomen, 7.2 mm. Hind leg, femur, 5.8 mm.; tibia, 6.3 mm.; tarsus, 4.6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne with the two basal seg-
Vol. xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 448
ments dark brown, the flagellar segments much paler, whitish; front, vertex and occiput light greyish brown, darker behind.
Mesonotal prescutum light brown, unmarked; scutum, scutellum and postnotum of about the same color, the latter a little darker. Pleure uniformly brown. Halteres brown, the base of the stem paler.
Legs, cox and trochanters dull yellow, femora almost white with the tip broadly dark brown, tibiz whitish with the tip very narrowly dark brown; tarsi whitish, the two terminal segments becoming more infuscated.
Wings with a grey suffusion, veins rather pale. Venation (see Plate xiv, fig. 9): Sc long, ending about opposite the middle of Rs, Sc2 at its extreme tip, the terminal portion of Rr beyond the cross vein r, atrophied.
Abdomen long, uniform dark brown, the sternites rather brighter.
Holotype, @, Songo, Bolivia, in the Hungarian National Museum.
From mirabilis Osten Sacken (1), the only described species with dark femoral and tibial apices, this species differs as fol- lows: Sc much longer, ending near the middle of Rs instead of just beyond its origin; the atrophy of the tip of Ri distin- guishes omissinervis from all of the described forms.
Genus Toxorhina Loew. 1851. Toxorhina Loew.; Linnea Entomologica, vol. 5, p. 400.
Toxorhina brasiliensis Westwood. One ¢ from San Bernadino, Paraguay. Fiebrig, 1908.
Genus Atarba Osten Sacken.
1869. Atarba Osten Sacken; Monographs of the Dipt. of N. Am., vol. 4, pp. 127, 128.
Atarba varicornis, sp. n. (Pl. XIV, Fig. 10).
Antenne very long, annulated dark brown and yellowish; femora unicolorous; wings without a stigmal spot; valves of the ovipositor very powerful; abdominal tergites dark brown.
Female.—Length, 4.2 mm.; wing, 4.9 mm.
Rostrum yellowish, the palpi a little darker; antennz with the scapal segments dull yellow, flagellum with the basal half of each segment light yellow, the apical half abruptly dark brown, the terminal two or three segments uniformly brown; front and occiput dull brownish yel- low, the vertex a little darker brown.
(1) Osten Sacken, Cat. Dipt. N. Am., p. 220 (1878); Wifliston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. 3, p. 201, fig. 65 (1806).
449 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS _ }Decknae
Thoracic dorsum dull rich yellow, the postnotum a little more grey- ish. Pleurz dull yellowish with a faint greyish bloom. Halteres light yellowish brown.
Legs, cox and trochanters yellow, femora, tibize and tarsi dull yel- low, the latter passing into brown beyond the metatarsus.
Wings with a faint yellowish tinge, stigma very feebly indicated; venation (see Plate xiv, fig. Io.)
Abdomen brown, valves of the ovipositor very large, powerful, yel- low, sternum light yellow, the sides of the sclerites broadly margined with brown.
Holotype, 2, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian National Museum.
This is the third true Atarba described since the erection of the genus in 1869. It is closely allied to picticornis O. S., of the Eastern United States but is much smaller (wing of °, under 5 mm.; in picticornis, over 6 mm.); valves of the ovi- positor very long, stout, the upper valve with the basal two- thirds enlarged, the apical third slender, acicular, lower valves flattened, blade-like ; upper valves much longer than the lower valves; the abdominal tergites dark brown, in picticornis, the tergites dull yellow.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI.
Fig. 1. Wing of Teucholabis tristis sp. n.; 2.
Fig. 2. Wing of Teucholabis fulgens sp. n.; 2.
Fig. 3. Wing of Teucholabis jocosa sp. n.; 2.
Fig. 4. Wing of Teucholabis jucunda sp. n.; 9.
Fig. 5. Wing of Teucholabis laeta sp. n.; 6.
Fig. 6. Wing of Teucholabis hilaris sp. n.; 9.
Fig. 7. Wing of Teucholabis munda sp. n.; @.
Fig. 8 Wing of Teucholabis paradoxa sp. n.; 2.
Fig. 9. Wing of Paratropeza collaris Osten Sacken; ¢. 0.
Fig. 10. Wing of Paratropeza jactans sp. n.; ¢.
Vol. xxv ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 205 5
The Neotropical Tipulidae in the Hungarian Nat- ional Museum (Diptera)—III.
By Cuas. P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y. (Plate IX.) Tribe 3—ERIOPrERINI. Genus Erioptera Meigen. 1803. Erioptera Meigen; Illiger’s Magaz., vol. 2, p. 262.
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) annulipes Williston! One female from San Bernardino, Paraguay, Fiebrig, 1908; one female from Callanga, Peru.
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) sp. One female from Paraguay, taken by Fiebrig. It is closely allied to immaculata Alexander.?
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) sp. One male from Coroico, Bolivia. Closely allied to caloptera Say.’ Gentts Molophilus Curtis. 1833. Molophilus Curtis; Brit. Entomol., p. 444.
Molophilus flavidus sp. n. (Pl. IX fig. 2).
Color yellowish; male antenne elongate; ventral appendage of the male hypopygium deeply_bifid.
Male—Length, about 4.1 mm.; wing, 5.6 mm. Palpi brown; an- tennae elongate, the segments covered with a dense pubescence, an-’ tenne very light brown; head dull yellow.
Pronotum pale yellow without apparent stripes, the lateral margin of the sclerite and the sides of the pronotal scutellum very light yel- low; scutum, scutellum and postnotum light brownish yellow. Pleure light yellow. Halteres, stem yellow, knob broken.
Legs, coxa and trochanters yellow; femora yellow basally darkened into brownish on the apical half; tibie and tarsi brown.
Wings pale yellowish, veins light yellow, indistinct. Venation: basal deflection of R4 plus 5 very reduced, or, in other words, the veins R2 plus 3 and Rq arise almost directly from the end of Rs.
Abdomen light yellowish brown. Hypopygium with the ventral ap- pendage (see Plate IX, fig. 2) very deeply bifid, the inner branch short- er, at its tip slightly denticulated, the outer branch very long, bearing
1 Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 204 (1806).
2 Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, No. 1066, p. 518; pl. 66, fig. 20.
§Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 3, p. 17 (1823).
206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 714
along its ventral face a row of spine-like teeth, the tip flattened and provided with a few appressed teeth. The dorsal lobe at its dorso-apical angle provided with the usual curved hook-like appendage, the lobe densely clothed with long, pale hairs; the tip of the lobe ventrad of the hook-like appendage is produced into a short, sharp spine.
Holotype, male, Concepcion, Chile (P. Herbst, coll.), 1904, in the Hungarian National Museum.
The ? Erioptera uniformis Blanchard’, ? longipes Philippi and ? pallida Philippi® may possibly be Molophili. Philippi’s description would seem to indicate rather unusual insects, longipes being described as having an elongate rostrum. In our present state of knowledge of Chilian Tipulidae, I cannot determine any of the forms before me as Blanchard’s or Philippi’s species.
Molophilus taurus sp. n. (Pl. IX, fig. 1.)
Color brown; male antennz short, ventral appendage of the male hypopygium deeply bifid.
Male.—Length, about 4.6 mm.; wing, 6.2 mm. Palpi dark brown; antenne short, the flagellar segments oval to elongate-oval, brown; head blackish gray.
Pronotum narrow, the scutum yellow, with a brown tinge, a bunch of long black hairs at each outer angle; scutellum light yellow. Meso- notal prescutum light grayish brown; scutum and scutellum light brown; postnotum very dark grayish brown. Pleure brownish gray, more yellowish around the wing-root. Halteres pale yellowish brown.
Legs brown. Wings subhyaline, the veins distinct, brown. Vena- tion: R4 plus 5 rather long, longer than the cross-vein r. .
Abdomen dark brown, densely clothed with long pale hairs. Hypo- pygium with the ventral appendage (see Plate IX, figure 1) very deeply bifid, the inner branch short bearing on its inner face a number of blunt teeth, including a bunch of about three near the middle, the tip sharp; outer branch long, slender, directed caudad and entad, crossing its mate of the opposite side like a rapier, long, cylindrical, tapering to the sharp point. Dorsal lobe and its appendages about as in flavi- dus.
Holotype, male, Rancagua, Chile. December, 1904 (P. Herbst, coll.), in the Hungarian National Museum.
* Blanchard, Gay, in Hist. fis. y polit. de Chile; Zool., vol. 7, p. 343 (1852).
3 Philippi, Verb. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 15, p. 616 (1865).
8 Philippi, I. c.
Vol. xxv ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 207 7
Molophilus sagittarius sp. n. (Pl. IX, fig. 4.)
Color brown; male antenne short; ventral appendage of the male hypopygium simple, its caudal margin with about six long serrations.
Male—Length, about 3.8 mm.; wing, about 6 mm. Palpi dark brown. antenne brown, short, the flagellar segments oval; head grayish brown.
Pronotum enormously enlarged, fitting around the cephalic margin of the mesonotum like a life belt, bright yellow. Praescutum and scutum dark brown; scutellum yellowish brown; postnotum dark brown. Pleurze dark brown. Halteres entirely light yellow.
Legs, coxe and trochanters brownish yellow; femora yellowish brown; tibiz and ‘tarsi brown.
Wings subhyaline, veins brown, rather distinct.
Abdomen dark brown. Hypopygium with the ventral appendage (See Plate IX, figure 4) simple, flattened, its outer margin with about six long serrations.
Female—About as in the male but the pronotum is not conspicu- ously swollen and is not yellow; the thoracic prescutum has indica- tions of three darker dorsal stripes; wings a little browner.
Holotype, male, Coroico, Bolivia. Allotype, female, Callanga, Peru. Paratype, female, Cillutincara, Bolivia.
Allied to M. perseus Alexander’, of Colombia, but the ventral appendage of the male hypopygium is much less regu- larly serrated on its outer margin and the teeth are fewer (about 6*instead of 10 or 12) and longer; dorsal lobe very small and narrow. The hypopygium of M. guatemalensis Alexander® has never been described and so I figure the ventral hypopygial appendage (see Plate IX, fig. 3) ; the ap- pendage ‘is simple, sickle-shaped, on the outer side near the base with a sharp point.
Genus Gnophomyia Osten Sacken. 1859. Gnophomyta. Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 223. Gnophomyia luctuosa Osten Sacken. One female from the Sierra, San Lorenzo, Colombia; Uj- heyi, collector.
7 Alexander, Journ. ‘N. Y. Ent. SOc), VOL. 21, )ppa 201, 202 pls 6; figs. 4, 5 (1913). 8 Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, No. 1966, p. 511 (1913).
208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 714
Gnophomyia maestitia sp. n. (Pl. IX, fig. 8.)
Color black; a yellow spot on the caudal end of the pronotum; wings dark colored with a darker brown cross band near the cord; halteres black; antenne of the ¢ elongate. Male, length 5.5 mm.; wing, 5.8 mm. Female, length 5.5 mm.; wing, 5.8 mm.
Male.—Palpi black; antenne long, extending beyond the base of the wing; flagellar segments elongate, black; head black.
Pronotal scutellum largely light yellow, the median portion dark. Mesonotal prescutum deep black; scutum, scutellum and postnotum black, the scutellum shiny and with a pearly lustre. Pleure black; a narrow, light yellow mark extending from the end of the pronotal . scutellum almost to the wing-root; a yellow blotch between the mid- dle and hind coxe.
Halteres black. Legs black. Wings dark colored, a broad, irregular dark band in the vicinity of the cord; cells R and M almost hyaline. Venation (see Plate ix, figure 8): Cross-vein yr connecting with R2; R2 very long; Rs short, straight.
Abdominal tergites dark brownish black; sternites a little paler.
Female—yYellow color of the thorax reduced, the pronotal pattern confined to a small rounded spot underneath the pseudosutural fovea; yellow on the mesosternum not indicated; antenne rather shorter.
Holotype, male, Vilcanota, Peru; Allotype, female, Callanga, Peru; Paratypes, 1 male, Vilceanota, Peru; 3 males, 2 females, Callanga, Peru; in the Hungarian National Museum; 1 male. 1 female, paratypes, in author’s collection.
Most closely allied to nigrina Wied.” from which it differs in its slightly larger size, difference in body coloration and in wing pattern; Juctuosa O. S. and tristissima O. S.% are the only other species with which it could be confused, differing from the former by its long antennae, non-pubescent wings, etc., and from the latter by its black halteres, short and straight radial sector, etc.
Gnophomyia pervicax sp. n. (PI. IX, fig. 7.)
Shiny yellowish; thoracic dorsum with three brown stripes; pleure yellow with a dorsal brown band; wings hyaline with a narrow brown seam along the cord; vein R2 short. Male, length 6 mm.; wing, 6.4 mm. Female, length 4.5 mm.; wing, 6 mm.
Female—Palpi dark brown, the basal segment a little lighter; an-
10 Wiedemann, Aussereur-Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, p. 37 (1828).
11 Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 224 (1859).
12 Osten Sacken, I. c.
Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 209
tennz brown; front yellow; vertex brownish; occiput and gene dull yellow.
Pronotum light dull yellow. Mesonotal prescutum shiny, dull yel- low with three very broad brown stripes which are confluent behind, the middle stripe beginning at the cephalic margin of the sclerite; scutum light brown, the middle of the lobes dark brown; scutellum light brown; postnotum light brown, the sides very dark, almost black, especially behind. Pleurze yellowish, the mesopleure tinged with brown; a large rounded dark brown spot between the bases of the halteres and the wings. Halteres light yellow, knob brown.
Legs, coxe and trochanters yellowish, femora and tibie dull yellow, tarsi dull yellow becoming brown on the apical segments.
Wings subhyaline, a brown band extending from the tips of Sc and R down across the cord to cell 1stM2; veins brown. Venation (see Plate IX, figure 7): Sc long, extending beyond the cross-vein 7; cross- vein r connecting with R2 plus 3 nearer to its origin than its tip; R2 very short.
Abdomen with the four basal tergites yellow with a broad, dark brown, lateral margin; remaining tergites dull brown; sternites, basal ones dull yellow, terminal four sclerites suffused with brown.
Male—tThis sex shows a dark brown pleural band across the scler- ites; femora with a light brown tip, tibie with a distinct brown tip; cross-vein r about midlength of R2 plus 3 and a faint brown seam! along the outer end of cell rstM2.
Holotype, male; Allotype, female, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian National Museum.
G. pervicax is allied to G. hirsuta Alex. (Brazil) in its peculiar venation but has only a single narrow alar cross- band.
Genus Trimicra Osten Sacken. 1861. Trimicra Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phifla., p. 200. Trimicra sp. One male from Asuncion, Paraguay, June, 1905. Vezenyi.
Genus Sigmatomera Osten Sacken.
1869. Sigmatomera Osten Sacken; Mon. Dipt. N. Am., vol. 4, p. 137. Sigmatomera occulta sp. n. (Pl. IX, fig. 5.)
Wings without dark cross bands; cell rstM2 closed.
Female.—Length, 13.5 mm.; wing, 14.3 mm. Rostrum and palpi
Pag Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, No. 1966, p. 523, plate 67, fig. 30 (1913).
210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, ’14
light yellow, the terminal palpal segments a little more brown; an- tenne with the two basal segments dull yellow, flagellum black; head dull greenish brown (greasy in the type).
Thoracic dorsum dull brownish yellow without well defined stripes; caudo-lateral angles of the prescutum brown; scutum and scutellum brown; postnotum greenish brown. Pleure dull yellow. Halteres yellow. :
Legs light yellow, the tibize a little darkened at the tip, tarsi brown.
Wings hyaline, cells C and Sc yellow; veins C, Sc and R yellow, other veins dark brown. Venation (see Plate IX, figure 5): Deflec- tion of R2 plus 3 with a spur at midlength; cell 1stM2 closed.
Abdominal tergites rich brown with a blackish median blotch; sternites brownish.
Holotype, female, Ascuncion, Villa Morra, Paraguay, Vezen- yi, in the Hungarian National Museum.
S. occulta differs from S. flavipennis O. S.%, the only described species with a closed cell 1stM2, in its lack of dark crossbands on the wing.
Genus Rhabdomastix Skuse. 1889. Rhabdomastix Skuse; Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S$. Wales, ser. 2, vol. 4, p. 828.
Rhabdomastix (Rhabdomastix) illudens sp. n. (Pl. IX, fig. 6.)
Antenne of the 4 between four and five times as long as the body; a dark brown stigmal spot.
Male.—Length, 7.4 mm.; wing, 7.7 mm.; antenne, 33 mm. Palpi very short, the first segment light brown, the apical segments almost black; antennze with the basal segment enormously enlarged, barrel- shaped, the second segment small, rounded, flagellar segments succes- sively elongated, the apical segments very long, the whole antenne almost five times as long as the body; scapal segments brown, flagel- lar segments very pale, the extreme tip of each segment narrowly dark brownish black, the apical antennal segments more brown; the whole head underneath the swollen scapal segment is very deep and stout; head light gray.
Thorax brown with a light gray bloom; pseudosutural fovea large, prominent, black; tuberculate pits rather far cephalad, black; scutum and postnotum grayish, scutellum rich brown. Pleure pale brownish with a sparse gray bloom. Halteres short, yellowish.
Legs, coxze and trochanters yellowish; fore and middle trochanters long and slender, the hind trochanter shorter; femora and tibie yel- lowish brown becoming browner on the tarsi.
44 Osten Sacken, Smithson. Miscell. Coll., vol. nH, No. 256 (1873).
Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 211
Wings subhyaline; a brown stigmal spot; veins pale brownish yel- low. Venation (see Plate IX, figure 6) almost as in R (Sacandaga) flava Alex.'5 but the cross-vein m, here, is much longer.
Abdominal tergites yellowish brown, sternites paler, yellowish.
Holotype, male, Coroico, Bolivia, in the Hungarian National Museum.
From R. (R.) ostensackeni Skuse (Australia) it dif- fers in the much greater length of the antennae which is here more than four times as long as the body, in ostensackeni not quite twice as long. From the members of the subgenus Sacandaga, it differs in the elongate male antennae. The dis- covery of a member of this subgenus in the New World is of exceptional interest.
Genus Lecteria Osten Sacken. 1887. Lecteria Osten Sacken; Berl. Entomol. Zeitschr., vol. 31, p. 206,
Lecteria armillaris Fabr. 17 One female from Espirito Santo, Brazil; one specimen, sex uncertain, from Callanga, Peru.
Lecteria abnormis sp. n. (PI. IX, fig. 9.)
Tibie spurred; color grayish with a narrow dorsal brown median line extending from the head to the mesonotal scutellum; wings sub- hyaline with a brown costal margin; vein R2 obliterated.
Sex, (?) (probably a 2). Head and thorax, 4.5 mm.; wing, 12.8 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antennal segments 1 and 2 dull yellow, the first segment very long, the second very short, globular; flagellar segments brownish; front, vertex and occiput yellowish gray with a narrow dark brown median vitta originating beween the an- tenn and running to the caudal margin.
Pronotum gray with a narrow dark brown median stripe. Meso- notal prescutum brownish, more grayish behind and on the sides, with a dark brown median line; scutum and scutellum light gray, the dark brown median vitta ending on the scutellum; postnotum gray. Pleure very light gray. Halteres dull yellow, the knob dark brown.
Legs, cox light gray, trochanters dull yellow, femora dull brown- ish yellow with a dark brown subapical ring close to the tip, tibiae spurred, dull yellow, brown at the tip; tarsi brownish yellow, the apices of the segments darker, brown.
W Alexander, Ent. News, vol. 22, pp. 351, 352 (1911).
16 Skuse, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, vol. 4, second series, p. 829, pl. 22, fig. 15 (1880).
17 Fabricius, Syst. Antl., p. 26 (1805).
212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 714
Wings subhyaline, cells C and Sc brown, veins brown. Venation (see Plate IX, figure 9) vein R2 entirely obliterated and only two branches of the sector attain the margin.
Abdomen broken.
Holotype, Paraguay, Fiebrig, coll., in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum.
L. abnormis belongs to Psaronius Enderlein, if this be ad- mitted as a valid genus or subgenus.
We have here a venational phenomenon which is compar- able to that in the subgenus Leiponeura of Gonomyia Meigen, that is, the total obliteration of one of the branches of the radial sector. This condition is presaged by L. obliterata Alex.!8 (British Guiana) but in this new species the loss of R2 is complete. In keys to the Tipulid tribes this would run down to the Antochini and students of the family should exercise care in the study of this interesting group of species.
Tribe 4—LIMNOPHILINI. Genus Limnophila Macquart. 1834. Limnophila Macquart; Suit. a Bffon, vol. I, p. 95.
Limnophila kerteszi sp. n. (Pl. IX, fig. 10.)
Thorax grayish without distinct stripes; wings long and narrow with brown markings, these largest along the costal border.
Female—Length, 8.8 mm.; abdomen, 7.6 mm.; wing, 8.6 mm. Ros- trum and palpi very dark brown; antenne dark brownish black; head grayish brown.
Thoracic prescutum yellowish brown without apparent stripes; scu- tum gray, the lobes dark brown; scutellum and postnotum light gray. Pleure brown with a dull gray bloom. Halteres long, very pale, al- most whitish, the knob a little brown.
Legs, coxe brownish, trochanters dull yellow, femora dull yellow with an indistinct brown subapical ring, tibie brown, tarsi brown.
Wings whitish with brown marks as follows: Cell C brown except the outer quarter; cell Sct except the tip; a brown mark at the base of cell R, another at the origin of Rs; an irregular brown seam along the cord; a large brown blotch occupying the end of cell R2 and the middle of cell R3; a rounded spot in the middle of cell R5; marks on the forks of veins, cross-veins and deflections of veins and at the ends of the longitudinal veins; gray clouds along the anal angle of the wing. Venation (see Plate IX, figure 10) : Se2 longer than Scr; Rs very long, straight in a line with R2 plus 3; cell M1 present.
18 Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. ‘Mus.,. vol. 44, No. 1966, p. 494, plate 68, figure 41 (1913).
Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 213
Abdomen long, tergites dark brown; sternites dark brown on the basal third and along the sides; remainder of each segment yellow.
Holotype, female, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum.
Limnophila conspersa Enderlein.!9 One female from Espirito Santo, Brazil, More properly re- ferred to Limnophila than Lecteria or Psaronius.
Genus Epiphragma Osten Sacken.
1859. Epiphragma Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila., p. 238. Epiphragma cordillerensis Alexander.”°
One female, Callanga, Peru; one, sex uncertain, from San Antonio, Bolivia.
Tribe 5—HeExaToMINI. Genus Eriocera Macquart. 1838. Eriocera Macquart; Dipt. Exot., vol. I, pt. I, p. 74.
Eriocera perdecora sp. n. (PI. IX, fig. 11.)
Head black; thoracic dorsum reddish; abdomen black; wings brown with a broad yellow cross band and yellowish anal cells.
Female—Length, about 18.5 mm.; wing, 14.4 mm. Rostrum and palpi black; antenne black; head black.
Pronotum black; mesonotum entirely light orange-yellow, the ex- treme lateral margin of the sclerites dark brown. Pleure dark brown- ish black. Halteres black.
Legs, cox and trochanters dark brown; femora brown, darker at the tip; tibia and tarsi dark brown; middle and hind femora with the basal half brighter, brownish yellow.
Wings dark brown, cells C and Sc yellow; a broad yellow band across the wing mostly before the cord; anal cells largely yellowish. Vena- tion, see Plate IX figure 11.
Abdominal tergites dark brownish black, the last segments more red-. dish, valves of the ovipositor dark brown; sternites, basal segments a little brighter, the last segment reddish.
Holotype, female, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum.
In my key to the Neotropical Eriocerae (Psyche, vol. 21, pp. 34-37. 1914.) perdecora would run down to the couplet con-
19 Enderlein, Zool. Jahrbuch, vol. 32, pt. I, pp. 49, 50 (fig. Dr) (1912). (as Dactylolabis). -20 Alexander, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 21, pp. 202, 203, pl. 5, fig. 8 (1913).
214 ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS [May, 714
taining braconides End.*! and magnifica Alex.”, species with the head black. It differs from both of these species and from all other banded winged species, in its reddish thoracic dorsum.
Eriocera sublima sp. n. (Pl. IX, fig. 12.)
Head red; thorax black; abdomen black, the last segment orange; wings dark brown with a very narrow white cross band at the cord.
Female.—Length, 13.2 mm.; wing, 11.4 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne with the scapal segments deep orange-red, flagellar segments dark brown; front, vertex and occiput fiery orange, the gene darker.
Thorax dark brownish black, the mesonotum without well defined stripes. Halteres black.
Legs very dark brownish black, the tips of the tibie and the tarsi much paler, light brown.
Wings dark brown, the alar band white and very narrow, of about the same width as the cell 1st/2; anal cells of the wing scarcely paler. Venation, see Plate IX, figure 12.
Abdominal segments dark brown, the last segment abruptly fiery orange.
Holotype, female, Minas Geraes, Brazil, 1897. Ex Coll. Fruhstorfer, in the Hungarian National Museum.
This species differs from all of the forms with banded wings in the very narrow, white alar band, and in its very dark
brownish coloration.
Eriocera chrysoptera Walker. (Pl. IX, fig. 13.)
1856. Limnobia chrysoptera Walker; Ins. Saunders, vol. 1, Dipt., p. 438.
1902. L. chrysoptera Kertesz; Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, p. 171.
1913. Eriocera chrysoptera Alexander; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.; vol. 44, No. 1966, p. 490.
1914. Eriocera chrysoptera Alexander; Psyche, vol. 21, p. 37.
Female.—Length, 18.8 mm.; wing, 13.6 mm. Rostrum, palpi, an- tenne and head very deep black.
Thorax black. Halteres short, black.
Legs, cox and trochanters black, basal portion of femora dark brownish black, this dark base narrowest on the fore legs, broadest on the hind legs where it covers almost one-third of the segment, tip of femora black, the middle portion bright yellow; tibia and tarsi
very dark brown.
~21Enderlin, Zool. Jahrb, vol. 32, pt. 1, p. 47, fig. Br (1912). 22 Alexander, Psyche, vol. 21, pp. 37, 38; pl. 4, fig. 7 (1914).
Ent. News, Vor. XXV. Plate IX,
NEOTROPICAL TIPULIDAE—avexanper.
Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 215
Wings bright golden yellow, the anal cells gray; tip of the wing from the cord outward dark brown. Venation, see Plate IX, figure 13. Abdomen black.
Two specimens, one a female, one with the abdomen brok- en, from Coroico, Bolivia. I have but little doubt that this is Walker’s chrysoptera; the type in the British Museum has lost all the legs, which are quite distinctive in this species.
Eriocera ohausiana Enderlein.
1912. Eriocera ohausiana Enderlein; Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. I, pp. 45, 46, fig. Ar. :
1913. Ertocera ohausiana Alexander; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, No. 1966, p. 490.
1914. Eriocera ohausiana Alexander; Psyche, vol. 21, p. 36.
One male, Sierra, San Lorenzo, Colombia; Ujhelyi, coll. One male, one female, Callanga, Peru. One female from Songo, Bolivia. One female from Coroico, Bolivia.
These specimens vary much in intensity of the wing-pat- tern and in coloration, but I cannot find characters which will justify specific separation. The two females from Bolivia lack the dark femoral apices and have the abdominal tergites 5-7 blackish, the wing much more uniform in coloration, etc. The female from Peru has the legs dark brown and lacks black coloration on the abdomen. I have retained one male, one female, for my collection.
ExpLANATION oF Prate IX.
Figure 1. Hypopygium of Molophilus taurus sp. n.; ventral apical appendage from beneath.
Figure 2. Hypopygium of M. flavidus sp. n.; ventral apical append- age from beneath.
Figure 3. Hypopygium of M. guatemalensis Alexander; ventral api- cal appendage from beneath. :
Figure 4. Hypopygium of M. sagittarius sp. n.; ventral apical ap- pendage from beneath.
Figure 5. Wing of Sigmatomera occulta sp. n.
Figure 6. Wing of Rhabdomastix tlludens sp. n.
Figure 7. Wing of Gnophomvia pervicax sp. n.
Figure 8 Wing of G. maestitia sp. n.
Figure 9. Wing of Lecteria abnormis sp. n.
Figure 10. Wing of Limnophila kerteszi sp. n.
Figure 11. Wing of Eriocera perdecora sp. n.
Figure 12. Wing of E. sublima sp. n.
Figure 13. Wing of E. chrysoptera Walker.
Vol. xxv] © ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 351
The Neotropical Tipulidae in the Hungarian National Museum (Diptera).—IV.
By Cuas. P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, New York. (Plate XV.) Sub-family TIPULINAE, Tribe Treurint. Genus Macromastix Osten Sacken.
Macromastix pygmaea sp. n. (PI. XV, fig. 1).
Size small (wing of ¢ about 10.5 mm.); wings with R2 obliterat- ed; halteres very long and slender.
Male—Length 8 mm.; wing, 10.3 mm.; antennae about 9.5-10 mm.
Palpi dark brown; frontal prolongation of the head brown, an- tennae a little longer than the body, the flagellar segments being great- ly elongated, antennae densely clothed with rather short delicate hairs; fore part of the vertex produced into a prominent conical tubercle; front and vertex gray, occiput brownish.
Mesonotal praescutum light brown somewhat darker in front and on the sides, but without apparent stripes; scutum with the lobes brown; scutellum and postnotum light brownish yellow. Pleurae, mesopleurae darker brown than the yellowish metapleurae. Halteres very long and slender, yellowish at base, the remainder brown.
Legs, coxae and trochanters dull yellow: femora dull yellow bas- ally soon passing into brown; tibiae and tarsi brown.
Wings subhyaline, cells C and Sc more yellowish; stigma scarcely indicated; veins brown. Venation, Rs very short, R2 obliterated. (See Plate XV, figure 1).
Abdomen with the two basal segments light brown: remainder of abdomen dark brown; hypopygium simple.
Holotype—Male, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum.
The reference of this species to Macromastix is somewhat provisional. It agrees with M. chilensis Philippi! in its antennae and simple hypopygium, but the obliteration of vein R2 is a character suggesting certain of the Dolichopezini. I do not care to erect a new genus upon a single specimen. As I have shown before,’ Enderlein’s M. appendens (Zool. Jahrb., Vol.
2, pt. I, pp. 14, 15) is not a Macromastix at all, but a true Tipula.
1Philippi, Verh. Zool. bot. Gesell. Wien. Vol. 15, p. 617 (1865). _
2 Alexander, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 5, No. 4, p. 355 (1912).
352 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS © (Ockyat4
Genus Holorusia Loew. Holorusia flavicornis sp. n. (Pl. XV, fig. 2).
Antenne of @ elongate, without bristles; thoracic dorsum rich chestnut; pleurze yellow above, paler beneath, a dark lateral stripe; wings pale brown.
Male.—tLength, 13.2 mm.; wing, 19.3 mm.; antenne, about 7.5 mm. Fore leg, femur, 10.8 mm.; tibia, 12.3 mm.; tarsus, segment I, 21.4 mm.
Palpi rather short, dark brownish black, the frontal prolongation of the head rather long, the nasus very long and sharply pointed, the prolongation is brown, rather darker on the sides; antenne elongate, scapal segments very small, the first only a little longer than the second, the flagellar segments elongate cylindrical, not incised, with- out bristles but densely clothed with very short pale hairs; antennz light yellow, the apical flagellar segments a little darker; head with a light brown median stripe, the sides-behind the eyes rich chestnut brown. ; ;
Pronotum rich chestnut medially, light yellow on the sides, this color being the anterior end of a broad pale stripe underneath the mesonotal prascutum. Mesonotal prescutum rich chestnut brown, stripes not very distinct, the lateral margins of the sclerite rather darker; scutum dark brown; scutellum brown; postnotum dark brown in. front, light dull yellow behind. Pleure rather pale; a yel- low stripe, described above, running from the pronotum almost to the wing root; ventrad of this, a dark brown stripe running from the cervical sclerites almost to the wing root; ventral pleural sclerites brownish yellow. Halteres rather short, brown.
Legs, coxe and trochanters dull yellow; femora yellowish brown, passing into brown, the tip dark brown; tibie brown, the extreme base pale, almost white; tarsi brown; legs long and slender.
Wings with a pale brown suffusion, cell C more yellowish, stigmal region dark brown; a brown cloud at the origin of Rs; subhyaline droplets in cell rstR1, end of Rs, Mt, base of M2 and tip of 1stA near the vein 2ndA. Venation, see Plate XV, figure 2. The wing figured shows an adventitious crossvein in cell R3 dividing this into two cells the other wing being normal.
Abdominal tergites brown, the genitalia more yellowish, sternites a little more yellowish. Hypopygium small, 8th tergite rather narrow, especially medially; 8th sternite rather short, produced caudad into a very short sheath for the oth sternite. Ninth tergite rather square, the caudal margin deeply concaye, the latero-caudal angles produced into prominent lobes which are somewhat divergent, the tips and cau- dal margin provided with numerous black bristles. Ninth sternite rather large, pleura not distinct, near the base of the sclerite on the
Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 353
ventro-median line underneath the protecting sheath of the 8th stern- ite is a median lobe directed ventrad, deeply divided medially to form two cylindrical lobes which are densely clothed with long, appressed silky hairs. Pleural region with the following appendages: a large pale external appendage, directed dorsad in a position of rest, its tip rather sharp-pointed, on its outer margin near the middle, with a prominent chitinized tooth, the whole appendage clothed with long pale hairs; inner appendage smaller, flattened, fleshy, pale, clothed with abundant pale hairs. Inside of the genital chamber, just beneath the lobes of the oth tergite is a pair of irregular appendages very densely provided with small, rounded chitinized tubercles.
Holotype-—Male, Venezuela, ex. Coll. H. Fruhstorfer, in the Hungarian National Museum.
From the species of what seem to be Holorusia. pallidi- nervis Mcqt. (Dipt. Exot., Suppl. I, p. 16) and albocostata Mcqt. (1. c., pp. 15, 16), this differs in its wing-pattern and long pale yellow antennae. From H. maya Alex. (Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 5, p. 358, 1912) it differs in its much smaller size and quite different color.
Holorusia laevis, sp. n. (Pl. XV, figs. 8, 15).
Flagellum of antenne without bristles; antenne of ¢ moderately long, flagellum bicolored; mesonotum reddish brown with indistinct darker lines; wings light brown, a square spot in cell M near the mid- dle of its length.
Male—Length, 13.4 mm.; wing, 18 mm.; fore leg, femur, 11 mm.; tibia, 11.5 mm.; tarsus, segment 1, IO mm.
Palpi moderate in length, dark brown: frontal prolongation of the head rather short, nasus very long and prominent, front light brown; antenne moderately long, if bent back, extending a little beyond the wing root, segment 1 rather short, about one-half as long as the third segment, flagellar segments cylindrical, not constricted, unarmed with bristles except a small pair at the tip, segments 1 and 2 light brown, 3 dark brown, 4 to 8 dark brown, yellowish at the tip, 9 to the end dark brown, the entire flagellum densely covered with white downy hairs; head rich brown. (See Plate XV, Hears)
Pronotal scutum reddish brown, scutellum almost white. Mesonotal prescutum reddish brown with very narrow indistinct darker lines: scutum reddish brown; scutellum and postnotum pale yellowish white. Pleure uniform pale yellowish. Halteres rather long, brown.
Legs, coxe and trochanters light yellow, femora light yellowish brown, dark brown at the tip; tibiz brown, scarcely darker at the tip; tarsi brown. :
354 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 14
Wings subhyaline, cells C and Sc brownish, stigmal region brown, a brown cloud at the origin of Rs, a square patch in the middle of cell M over the vein Cu; base of cell M dark.
Abdominal tergites 1-5 dull yellowish, 6-8 dark brown, 9 yellowish, pale; segments 3-6 pale on the lateral margin; apical sternites dark brown; oth and caudal part of the 8th light yellow. Hypopygium : oth tergite from above, rather quadrate, the caudal margin with a median notch, the whole posterior face provided with numerous black bristles as in this group of species (flavicornis, et al). Eighth ster- nite short, dark basally, pale reddish yellow apically; oth sternite very elongate giving the caudal margin of the hypopygium an oblique ap- pearance when viewed from the side, pleural suture incomplete; outer pleural appendage long, flat and tapering to a point, fleshy, pale, clothed with long hairs. (See Plate XV, fig. 8). Inner appendage short, fleshy, concave on the outer face.
Holotype-—Male, Asuncion, Paraguay, May 5, 1904 (Ve- zenyi), in the Hungarian National Museum.
Holorusia orophila sp. n. (Pl. XV, fig. 14).
Flagellum of antenne without bristles; antenne short, the flagel- lum bicolored: mesonotum light brown with about five narrow darker lines; wings with a square spot in cell M near the middle of its length.
Male—Length, 13.5 mm.; wing, 16. mm. Fore leg, femur, 9.6 mm.; tibia, 10.8 mm.
Palpi rather short, dark brown; frontal prolongation of the head short, nasus very long and prominent, brown; antennz short, if bent backward, not attaining the wing root; the first segment elongate as long as the succeeding three segments combined; flagellar segments short-cylindrical, without bristles; first three antennal segments dull yellow; segments 4-10 dark brown basally, yellow apically, terminal antennal segments dark brown; head dark brown, narrowly paler be- hind adjoining the eyes. (See Plate XV, figure 14).
Thoracic notum, prescutum light brown with about five narrow darker lines, one median and with two indistinct lateral stripes on either side; scutum and scutellum light brown, the latter paler, yel- lowish; postnotum dull yellow, darker on the sides. Pleura pale dull yellow, unmarked. Halteres rather long, brown, a little paler basally.
Legs, coxe dull light yellow; trochanters and femora yellowish brown, the latter a little darker at the tip, tibiae and tarsi brown.
Wings subhyaline; cells C and Sc brown; stigma brown; a brown spot in cell M near the middle of the length of Cu; cells R and M brown at the base.
Abdomen with the basal tergites dull yellow; 5-6 with a broad brown median stripe; 7 with the caudal margin dark brown; 8 en-
Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 355
tirely dark brown; 9 yellowish. Sternites 1-6 dull brownish yellow, the apical sternites dark brown.
Holotype-—Male, San Lorenzo, Sierra, Colombia (Ujhelyi), in the Hungarian National Museum.
Holorusia peruviana sp. n.
Flagellum of antenne without bristles; antenne dark brown; meso- notum light brown with broad brown stripes; wings without well defined markings.
Male.—Length, 13.3 mm.; wing, 17.1 mm.; fore leg, femur, 7.8 mm.; tibia, 8.9 mm.; tarsus, 14.2 mm.
Palpi short, dark brown; frontal prolongation of the head very short and stout, brown, nasus distinct, large; antenna, scapal segments short, brown, flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical, dark brown, without bristles, but clothed with a dense. fine pubescence; head brown, a median line and the region adjoining the eyes very dark brown.
Mesonotal prascutum pale with three broad brown stripes, the me- dian one very broad, bisected by a dark brown line; scutum brown- ish gray; scutellum and postnotum light gray with a narrow indis- tinct brown median line. Pleure with a broad light band across the dorsal sclerites extending from the pronotum to the wing root; me- dian pleural sclerites light gray with three oval dark brown spots which form an interrupted lateral band; mesosternum gray with a light brown suffusion. Halteres rather long, brown, pale at the ex- treme base.
Legs, coxe light gray; trochanters dark brown; femora brown, darker at the tip; tibiz and tarsi brown.
Wings with a light gray suffusion; stigma light brown; a rounded gray cloud at the origin of Rs; a subhyaline blotch jn cell 1st4 at the margin. Venation: Cell rsti/2 very long, petiole of, cell Mr short or lacking.
Abdominal tergites light brown, a slightly darker median stripe; segments 6-8 dark brown; sternites, segment 1 dark brown, 2-5 light yellow, dark brown medially, 6-8 dark brown.
Holotype—Male, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum.
The reference of some of the above species to Holorusia is doubtful, but they agree better with that genus than with the typical Tipula and so I describe them as species of Holorusia.
350 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 714
Genus Tipula Linnaeus. Tipula gladiator sp. n. (Pl. XV, figs. 6, 7).
Antenne of the male elongate, basal segments yellow, flagellum dark brown; thorax dark grayish brown; wings dull yellowish; 8th sternite of the @ genitalia produced caudad into a long curved sabre- like appendage.
Male—Length, 16.2 mm.; wing, 14 mm.
Palpi with the basal segments a little darker than the dull yellow apical segments; frontal prolongation of the head short, nasus dis- tinct, darker brown above, more yellowish beneath and on the sides; antenne elongate, if bent backward extending about to the grd ab- dominal segment; segments 1 and 2 light yellow, flagellar segments dark brown covered with short pale hairs; the segments not cylin- drical, but feebly incised on the lower face; head gray, a little clearer on the occiput. 5
Pronotal scutum dark brown bordered with gray. Mesonotal pra- scutum brown with indistinct darker brown stripes of which the me- dian one is double; scutum brownish gray; scutellum brown; post- notum light gray. Pleure pale with a clear light gray bloom on the mesopleure. Halteres brown, pale at the base.
Legs, coxe pale yellow with a sparse grayish bloom, most pro- nounced on the fore cox; trochanters dull yellow; remainder of legs broken.
Wings with a brownish yellow suffusion; stigma oval, brown. Venation as in Plate XV, figure 6.
Abdominal tergites dark brown; a large triangular yellow blotch on the sides of the second segment on the caudal half; genitalia yel- lowish; two basal sternites dull yellow, 3-7 dark brown. Hypopygium: Eighth tergite broad; 8th sternite with the caudal margin produced backward in a long curved appendage, much exceeding the remaining parts of the hypopygium; its dorsal face concave, the appendage sparsely clothed with short appressed hairs. Ninth tergite with a blunt lobe on the caudal margin on either side of the coricave median portion, the latero-caudal angles produced backward into long, slen- der, chitinized spines which are directed caudad and slightly ventrad; oth sternite small. Appendages which seem to come from the pleural region are: first, a ventral appendage, irregular, rather chitinized apically, its dorsal margin near the tip with a rounded notch; second appendage, above the first, a sharp, heavily chitinized spine directed caudad; third appendage, large, feebly chitinized, its apex notched (possibly median in position as it seems to be unpaired); fourth, dorsad of these three appendages and just underneath the spines of the oth tergite is a sub-fleshy lobe more chitinized apically, clothed with long delicate hairs (not shown in the figure). Lateral aspect of the hypopygium shown in Plate XV, figure 7.
r .
Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 357
Holotype—Male, Theresopolis, Brazil, in the Hungarian National Museum.
The remarkable hypopygium of the male at once separates it off from the other species in the Neotropical fauna.
Tipula guarani sp. n.
Antenne brownish yellow; thorax brownish gray with brown stripes; femora brownish yellow, tip broadly brown; wings hyaline with brown spots and gray clouds.
Female—Length, 33 mm.; wing, 23.2 mm.; fore leg, femur, 11.6 mm.; tibia, 14.4 mm. }
Palpi rather long, the three basal segments rather stout, the last segment slender, palpi dark brown; frontal prolongation of the head rather long, brown; antenna, segment 1 elongate, first flagellar seg- ment rather stout, antenne brownish yellow; head pale yellowish brown with a narrow stripe of dark brown.
Thoracic pronotum pale gray, dark brown medially. Mesonotal prescutum light brownish-gray with dark brown stripes, the median stripe broadest in front, a little narrowed behind, the thoracic stripes contrasting strongly against the pale ground color; scutal lobes largely brown with an isolated rounded brown spot on the cephalic margin of each lobe, this being the caudal end of the lateral przscutal stripe; median portion of the scutum brown; scutellum and postnotum gray- ish brown medially. Pleurz dull gray with brown spots on the meso- pleure. Halteres rather long, brown, the knob darker.
Leg, coxz grayish brown; trochanters dull yellow; femora brown- ish yellow, the tip broadly dark brown; the fore legs, especially, show a broad yellow subapical ring; tibie brownish ‘yellow, the tip indis- tinctly darker; tarsi brown.
Wings hyaline with brown spots and gray clouds, as follows: Brown spots at the base of the wing, midlength of the distance be- tween the base of Rr and the origin of the sector; at origin of Rs, stigmal region, brown seam to vein Cu and most of the crossveins and deflections of veins; tip of cells R2 and R3 grayish brown; gray clouds in all the caudal cells of the wing. Venation: Rs long, slen- der, lying rather close to Rr; crossvein m-cu present.
Abdominal tergite 1 brownish gray; 2-8, dull orange-yellow, a little suffused with darker; segment 9 and ovipositor brown; sternites yel- low, median line brown. Ovipositor, tergal valves very long, very slender and straight, the margins smooth, tips scarcely expanded, sternal valves short.
Holotype—Female, Rio Grande, Brazil, in the Hungarian National Museum. The specific name is that of a native Indian tribe.
358 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., ’14
Tipula oblique-fasciata Macquart. One female from Chiriqui, Central America.
Tipula sp. One female, monilifera group, Mexico. Tipula apterogyne Philippi. Three males, Concepcion, Chile; P. Herbst, 1903, 1904.
Tipula abortiva sp. n.
Female with rudimentary wings; wings black with a whitish cross- vein in the neighborhood of the cord.
Female—Length, 16 mm.; wing, 8 mm.; fore leg, femur, 5.3 mm.; tibia, 5.4 mm.; tarsus, 6.1 mm.
Palpi short, dark brownish black; frontal prolongation of the head brown, the nasus rather prominent; antennz, segments 1 and 2 brown; flagellum brownish black; head light brown, more gray on the occi- put, with a very indistinct, narrow brown median line best indicated on the occiput.
Pronotal scutum dark brownish black, a little paler on either side behind; scutellum pale grayish with three brown marks. Mesonotal prescutum suffused with dark brownish black in front, light gray with three very pale brown stripes, the median one broadest, the. lateral ones very indistinct. Scutum, scutellum and postnotum dull gray, the two latter with an indistinct median brown mark. Pleure mostly dark brown. Halteres rather short, brown.
Legs, coxe grayish brown; trochanters brownish yellow; femora, tibiz and tarsi dark brown.
Wings very short, dark brown with a faint white crossband across the cell 1stM/2 extending from the end of cell R to the middle of cell M3.
Abdominal tergites with segment I brown, segments 2-8 reddish brown, the lateral margins suffused with brown; sternites reddish brown, the segments with an indistinct median brown mark; seg- ments 8-9 dark brown; caudal segments of body and ovipositor shiny; tergal valves of the ovipositor long, slender, straight; sternal valves much shorter.
Holotype——Female, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum.
Tipula campa sp. n. (Pl. XV, figs. 5, 9-12, 18).
Color of the thorax light gray; basal abdominal segments orange- yellow; subterminal segments dark brown; antenne of the @ very long.
Male—Length about 11 mm.; wing, 14.4 mm.; fore leg, femur, 8 mm.; tibia, 8.6 mm.; tarsus, II mm.
Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 359
Palpi very short, dark brown; frontal prolongation of the head short, light gray; antenne very long, if bent backward extending about to the eighth abdominal segment, scapal segments light brown, flagellar segments very dark brown; after the first, each segment is swollen at its base and less so before its tip, provided with a few black bristles and abundant long pale hairs. (See Plate XV, figure 18). Front with a well defined tubercle which is bisected by a deep median furrow; head gray.
Pronotum dark brown, bordered with gray; mesonotal prascutum very light gray with four bright brown stripes, one on either side of the median line, pale and indistinct in front, clearer behind; lateral stripes short, lateral margin of the sclerite of the same color; scutum gray, the anterior end of each lobe with a rounded chestnut brown spot; scutellum and postnotum light gray, the latter dusky on the sides. Pleure clear light gray. Halteres light brownish yellow bas- ally, passing into brown.
Legs, coxe light gray, trochanters yellow; femora light brown, dark brown at the tip; tibie and tarsi brown.
Wings subhyaline, cells C and Sc pale brown, a brownish tinge in the vicinity of the stigma, at ends of cells R2 and R3; hyaline blotches 1.01 well defined. Venation, see Plate XV, figure 5.
Abdomen, tergites 1-4 bright yellow, 5-8 passing into brown; 9 light yellow; sternites yellowish; the lateral margins of the tergites are broadly dark brown. The male genitalia with the 8th tergite broad, dark colored, except at the base where it is reddish; 9th tergite very pale yellow, viewed from above (see Plate XV, figure 11), large, subquadrate, the outer lateral angles rounded, caudal margin with a very deep median notch; viewed from the side the caudo-lateral mar- gin with a rather sharp protuberance. Eighth sternite (Plate XV, figure 10) with the caudal margin rounded and with a prominent me- dian protuberance. Ninth sternite (from beneath, see Plate XV, figure 12) with the caudal margin produced backward as a promi- nent, sub-lyriform appendage; viewed from the side, the oth sternite is small, the pleural piece complete, almost oval, its ventro-caudal margin applied closely to the caudal appendage of the oth sternite. Pleural appendages two, the more cephalic and dorsal being a long, cylindrical fleshy appendage, pale, clothed with long hairs, directed dorsad; the second appendage is large, viewed from behind (see Plate XV, figure 9); it is slender basally, with the inner part of the base clothed with long pale hairs, the tip expanded out like a knife blade, meeting its mate of the opposite side on the median line, the caudal face of this blade with a few transverse ridges, the outer face somewhat chitinized, in contact with a chitinized appendage having the same general blade-like shape which lies between the caudal appendage and the oth tergite.
360 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 714
Holotype —Male, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian National Museum.
The specific name, campa, is that of a native Indian tribe living in eastern Peru.
This species and the two following belong to the same group of species as inca Alexander,® possessing short palpi, short legs, and the peculiar genitalia of the male as described above. These three species are closely related to one another and differ from inca in the bright orange-yellow color of the ab- dominal tergites, in the structure of the antennae, etc.; they are separable amongst themselves by very striking differences in the antennae of the male and in the details of the male
hypopygium.
Tipula piro sp. n. (Pl. XV, figs. 4, 13, 17).
Color of the thorax light gray; basal abdominal segments orange yellow; subterminal segments dark brown; antenne of ¢ moderate in length.
Male—Length, 12.3 mm.; wing, 15.5 mm.; fore leg, femur, 8.4 mm.; tibia, 9.6 mm.; tarsus, 13 mm.
Palpi very short, dark brown; frontal prolongation of the head moderate in length, grayish, tinged with brown on the sides; an- tenne moderately long, if bent back they would extend about to the base of the fourth abdominal segment, the scapal segments light brown, flagellum dark brown, the ventral face of each flagellar seg- ment very deeply incised (see Plate XV, figure 17); head gray ting- ed with brownish.
Thorax light gray; pronotum with a short, dark brown median line; mesonotal prascutum light gray with a very narrow, indistinct median brown line, and, behind, with indications of a pale brown stripe on either side of the middle; lateral margin of the sclerite and a short lateral stripe brown, the latter much lighter and bright- er; scutum light gray with two bright brown rounded spots on each lobe; scutellum and postnotum light gray suffused with dusky on the sides. Pleurz light gray, a large brown spot on the mesoepister- num and another on the mesoepimerum. Halteres rather long, brown, pater at the base.
Legs, coxe gray, trochanters and femora brown; tibie and tarsi darker brown.
Wings with a faint brown tinge, cells C and Sc yellowish; hyaline
= Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 5, pp. 351, 352; pl. 24, fig. cp pl. 25, fig. 1, (1912).
Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 361
spots on the wing disk, one being in cell rs¢M2, another in the mid- die of cell M, etc. Venation as in Plate XV, figure 4.
Abdomen with the first tergite gray; 2-4 bright yellow, remainder brown, including the genitalia; lateral margins of the tergites broad- ly dark brown; sternites dull yellow. The genitalia agree with 7. campa, differing as follows: Ninth tergite (see Plate XV, figure 13) with the caudal margin more tuberculate, on either side of the elongate-oval median notch is a short, cylindrical lobe, the caudo- lateral angles slender and reflexed; 8th sternite dark brown, only the median lobe being paler; the second pleural appendage, viewed from behind, has the narrowed base very elongate, the blade rela- tively small, the whole appendage being hidden beneath the 9th tergite.
Holotype—Male, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum.
The specific name, piro, is that of a native Indian tribe of eastern Peru.
Tipula curinao sp. n. (Pl. XV, figs. 3, 16).
Color of the thorax light gray; basal abdominal segments orange yellow, subterminal segments dark brown; antenne short.
Male—Length, 12 mm.; wing, 15.5 mm.; fore leg, femur, 8.1 mm.; tibia, 9 mm.
Palpi very short; frontal prolongation of the head moderate, grayish brown; antenne short, if bent backward, extending about to the base of the halteres, dark brownish black, the scapal segments aicne a little paler, flagellar segments short, cylindrical, the base en- larged (see Plate XV, figure 16); frontal tubercle rather prominent; head dull yellow, more brownish in the middle of the vertex and on the occiput.
Pronotum dark brown; mesonotal prescutum light gray, the lateral margin of the sclerites very dark brown, a very broad light brown median stripe, broadest in front, narrowed behind, partially bisected from behind by a pale line, lateral stripes of the same color; scutum light gray with two light brown spots on each lobe; scutellum and postnotum light gray with a brown median vitta and with the sides of the sclerites tinged with dusky. Pleure brown with a sparse gray bloom. MHalteres rather long, brown.
Legs, coxe and trochanters brown; femora reddish brown pass- ing into brown at the tip, and with an indistinct yellowish brown annulus before the tip; tibia and tarsi dark brown.
Wings light brown, cells C and Sc a little brighter; a dark brown spot at the origin of Rs and others in the stigmal area; a hyaline spot in cell 1stM/2 and a smaller one in cell M. Venation as in Plate XV, figure 3.
362 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS - [(Oct.,,’14
Abdomen, tergites 1-7 orange yellow, the lateral margins broadly brownish black, segments 8-9 dark brown; sternites orange, apical sternites more brownish. The genitalia agree with 7. campa, differ- ing as follows: Ninth tergite without a median incision on the caudal margin; 8th sternite about as in campa but the lobe larger and more pronounced; oth sternite with a great median notch which divides the segment into two except behind; the inner angles of each of the lobes thus formed is a rounded ball densely clothed with long hairs; the second pleural appendage has the blade very small and in- conspicuous, the appendage being mostly stem.
Holotype——Male, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum.
The specific name, curinao, is that of a native Indian tribe of eastern Peru and western Bolivia.
Genus Microtipula Alexander. Microtipula amazonica Alexander.* One male from Surinam (Michaelis).
Genus Pachyrrhina Macquart. Pachyrrhina consularis Osten Sacken.
Seven specimens in the collection that agree sufficiently with consularis; that this last named species is specifically dis- tinct from P. elegans Fabricius, as stated by Osten Sacken, is by no means certain. The present material is as follows:
Bolivia, Coroico, 1 female; Peru, Vilcanota, 1 male; Brazil, Rio Grande, 1 female; Paraguay, San Bernardino, March, 1908 (Fiebig), 2 females, 1 male; Argentina (Vezenyi), I male. The Peruvian specimen and one of the San Bernasdino females have been retained; the remainder of the material is in the collection of the Hungarian National Museum.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV.
Figure 1. Wing of Macromastix pygmaea, sp. n. Figure 2. Wing of Holorusia flavicornts, sp. n. Figure 3. Wing of Tipula curinao, sp. n.
Figure 4. Wing of Tipula piro, sp. n.
Figure 5. Wing of 7ipula campa, sp. n.
Figure 6. Wing of Tipula gladiator, sp. n.
4 Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 5, Pp. 361, 362; pl. 24, fig. i; pl. 25, fig. q (1912).
Ent. News, Vor. XXV. Plate XV.
NEOTROPICAL TIPULIDAE, IV.—ALEXANDER.
Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 363
Figure 7. Hypopygium of Tipula gladiator. Lateral aspect; 8s, 9s, equal 8th and oth sternites; 8f and of equal 8th and oth tergites.
Figure 8. Hypopygium of Holorusia laevis, sp. n. Lateral aspect of the pleural appendage.
Figures 9-12 Hypopygium of Tipula campa, sp. n. 9, 2nd pleural appendage from behind; 10, 8th sternite, ventral aspect; 11, 9th tergite, dorsal aspect; 12, oth sternite, ventral aspect.
Figure 13. Hypopygium of Tipula piro, sp. n., oth tergite, dorsal aspect.
Figure 14. Sixth antennal segment of ¢ Holorusia orophila, sp. n.
Figure 15. Sixth antennal segment of $ Holorusia laevis, sp. n.
Figure 16. Sixth antennal segment of ¢@ Tipula curinao, sp. n.
Figure 17. Sixth antennal segment of $ Tipula piro, sp. n.
Figure 18. Sixth antennal segment of ¢ Tipula campa, sp. n.
eh i hy ibe
- ae ee «') a@ ie 7
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7 ie = =a th a : , e
NEW NEOTROPICAE ANTOCHINI (TIPULID& DIPTERA)
By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER
[Reprinted from Psycur, Vol. XX, No. 1.]
40 Psyche [February
NEW NEOTROPICAL ANTOCHINI (TIPULIDE DIPTERA).
By Cuas. P. ALEXANDER,! Ithaca, N. Y.
This paper considers only the members of the Limnobiine tribe Antochini, a rather extensive group in the tropics. The genera have an almost Cosmopolitan distribution, occurring in both the Old and New Worlds, exceptions existing in Styringomyia, Para- tropeza, Thaumastoptera, Diotrepha and Atarba. The material studied herein, is, for the most part, the property of Cornell Uni- versity and the U. S. National Museum and to Dr. J. Chester Bradley and Mr. Frederick Knab, I am indebted for the privilege of examining these collections.
A KEY TO THE ANTOCHINE GENERA.!
1. Cell R: present (Central and South Amer.) ............. Parairopeza Schiner. Gell Raiabsent)s... osc av sone eaters mteere eosaisre etre iste notation 2 2. Rostrum prolonged, at least as long as the head........................-- 3 Rostrum shorter'than‘thehead . s,s. o.5 cise eccisiete eer nee ae eee ee Seeie mers 6
3. Rostrum about as long as the head. (Eur.; N. and C. Am.; Austral.) Rhamphidia Meigen.
Rostrum'about asilong/asithe bod yi04-4.-)-1 1. eee 4 (Toxorrhina group) 4- Radial.sector two-branched) < 22 < cicte ws, eisinsele « ciclo eine asic cio eine 5 Radial sector unforked (N. and S. Am.; Africa)........ Toxorrhina Loew. 5. Anterior branch of Rs (R2,:) long, as long as the posterior branch
(Ru..s) (Eur.; N. and C. Am.; East Ind.)......Elephantomyia Osten Sacken
Anterior branch of Rs (Rz;:) very short, oblique, tending to disappear. (Africa, Americas tropics) eee) dee ete eet Ceratocheilus Wesche
6. Cuz at least 4 times as long as the deflection of Cui; deflection of Cu: tending to retreat toward the wing basis..7 (Thaumastoptera group) Cu: not much more than twice as long as the basal deflection of
Cu:; Cu: (deflection) remaining at, or near, the fork oRML.. «ccc shoeee 9
7. M..:free at the wing-tip. (Ms; fused with Cu; obliterating cell Ms.) (Europe;Seychellésils) smc cide settee eee Thaumastoptera Mik M7 sfused to thewing-tip iicjerceis sinclar erieysiaver ale eres etere sei oe 8
8. M:; distinct from Cu at its tip forming a cell M;; basal deflection of Cu: under the base of Rs. (Eur.;N. and C. Am.; Austral.) Orimarga Osten Sacken
1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Cornell University.
1913] Alexander—New Neotropical Antochini 41
M; fused with Cu to the tip, obliterating cell M,; basal deflection of Cu: retreated far toward the base of the wing. (N. and S.
/ STIG RS SAP OCL SESS oe Tso ar 8 NMNE ROE on Diotrepha Osten Sacken
9. R: very short, ending before the middle of the wing, the sector orig- inating near its tip. (Australasia to Africa) ........ Styringomyia Loew.
R, ending beyond the middle of the length of the wing, the sector FEMGLE ANON RHEL Merch iets rts eferesesicre sie cle Salta aiticroieiale clar,s,0rercbe sareie'e are « 10 HOM Radi tlicross-VeIn presen tonctamien asi cle fecic sitio ce nia aie w o/o cs tities toe cicie aves 11 Radial (cross<v Guna sent camyictar es concede tet adele Haas ones Sedat bes 12
11. Rs very long, straight, but diverging from R:; basal deflection of Ris twice as long as cross-vein r-m; basal deflection of Cu; before the fork of M; radial cross-vein usually in a direct line with r-m; anal angle of the wing very prominent. (Eur.; N. Amer.) Antocha Osten Sacken Rs shorter, more arcuated; basal deflection of Ris about as long as r-m; basal deflection of Cu; at, or beyond, the fork of M; radial cross-vein usually slightly distad of the level of r-m; anal angle of the wing feeble. (N. and S. Am.; Asia; Australia) Teucholabis Osten Sacken 12. Rs short, not much more than twice as long as the deflection of Ris; cell R: broader at base than at tip (Alarba) or else Rs gently arcuated and the veins issuing from cell Ist M: twice as long as that cell (CETERA OTTO) a Ser OR OURO BO GHIA SRCHIE Be aunts cn SORE aaa aa 18 Rs long, and very straight, close to R: leaving cell R: extremely narrow; deflection of Ris very short, almost perpendicular to Rs at its origin; cross-vein m present in New World species. (Eur.;
NIST AITO. C been abe OC ob oth COL OOO RE MTA Sons Aeeaeae Elliptera Schiner. 13. Rs originating opposite to the end of Sc; cell 1st M: short, almost as broad as long. (Eastern U. S.)................ Atarba Osten Sacken
Rs originating far before the end of Sc; cell Ist M: elongate, twice as long as broad. (Eur.; N. Am.; Africa; East Ind.) Dicranoptycha Osten Sacken
Ellipteroides Becker’, erected in 1907 for the new species, piceus, is almost certainly Eriopterine. The presence of a cell Re is a tribal character, not generic as considered by Becker. But one genus, Paratropeza Schin., occurs in the Antochine series that possesses cell Re, but this genus, in all other respects is a true member of that series. Jllipteroides is not, but seems, rather, to be a generalized form allied to Gonomyia. It is not at all related to Elliptera Schin., as Becker states, and this reference was probably made chiefly on the lack of cell Ist M2 (discal), a very unimportant
1Ellipteroides, Becker is omitted; see discussion at the end of this key. 2 Becker, T. Die Ergebnisse meiner Dipterologischen Friihjahr-reise nach Algier un Tunis 1906. (Zeitschr. far Syst. Hymenopt. und Dipterol.; vol. 7, p. 239; figure) (1907).
42 Psyche [February
character in this genus. The insect, piceus, from Algiers, N. Africa, is blackish with yellow spots; cross-vein r absent; cell 1st Mz open, the outer deflection of M; being obliterated; Rs rather straight, but diverging strongly from Ry, ete. Gymnastes Brunetti; not distinct from TYeucholabis, the opinion of Mr. F. W. Edwards who is well acquainted with the Old World Fauna.
Teucholabis Osten Sacken
The number of species belonging to this genus now known from the American Continent is 21, of which I have seen 12.
Teucholabis venezuelensis Macq.' and T. melanocephala Fabr.? have not hitherto been recognized as belonging to this genus but there can be no questicn as to their position. Both species are described as having pale clouds on the wings, not distinct brown bands as in the polita group.
The Limnobia bifasciata Fabr.* is likewise a Teucholabis and con- specific with trifasciata End;* however the Fabrician name is preoccupied? and so Enderlein’s name is valid.
Rhamphidia scapularis Macq.® is a Teucholabis as was indicated by Osten Sacken in 1869; still Kertesz (1902) retains it under Rhamphidia; the same statement applies to Limnobia simplex Wied? which is retained in Limnobia.
Teucholabis sackeni sp. noy.
Wings banded; thorax with a chestnut dorsal stripe; femora yellow with the tip black. @. Length, 4-4.5 mm; wing, 5 mm. Fore leg, femur, 3.4 mm; tibia, 3.4 mm; tarsus, 3 mm. Middle leg, ““ 3 mm; “ 26 “ Hind leg, “ 3.8mm; “ 3.1 “ tarsus, 2.5 mm. Head: rostrum, palpi and antenne dark brown. Front, vertex and occiput rather dark brown. Thorax: collare orange-yellow; prothorax very light yellow; mesothorax, bright yellowish-brown; preescutum with a dark brown median mark, broadest anteriorly, narrowed behind, beginning rather far behind the anterior margin of the sclerite,
1 Macquart, Dipt. Exot.; supplément, 1, p. 19; (1846), (Limnobia)
? Fabricius, Entomol. Syst.; vol. 4, p. 241; (1794); (Tipula)
2 Fabricius, Syst. Antl.; p. 31; (1805); (Tipula)
‘Enderlein, Zodl. Jahrbuch Abth. F. Syst.; vol. 32, pt. 1; p. 69, 70 (1912) 8 Schrank, Enum. Ins. Austr.; p. 428 (1781) (Tipula)
®Macquart, Dipt. Exot.; vol. 1, pt. 1; p. 73 (1838) (Rhamphidia)
7 Wiedemann, Aussereur. Zweifl. Insekt.; vol. 1; p. 549 (1828) (Limnobia)
1913] Alexander—New Neotropical Antochini 43
running caudad; sides of the sclerite between the pseudosutural foves (humeral pits) and the transverse suture, almost filled with a large rounded dark brown spot, this mark not touching the dark median vitta (as in melanocephala); seutum, with the exterior front angles darkened; scutellum and post-notum very dark chestnut-brown. Pleure, propleure yellowish; mesopleuree very dark brown, almost black. Halteres pale at base, stem brown, knob bright yellow. Legs: cox and trochanters bright yellow, abruptly contrasted with the dark pleural and sternal coloring; femora light yellow, the apical portions abruptly dark brownish- black, these dark tips rather broadest on the fore-femora; tibia dull yellow, the extreme tip brown, broadest again on the fore-tibia; tarsi dark brown. Wings: hyaline, stigma dark brown, square; wings broadly banded with pale greyish-brown, the innermost band extending from the origin of Rs to the end of 2nd Anal, almost diamond-shaped, the breadth sub-equal to the length; the middle fascia is a paler continuation of the stigma, across the cord of the wing and ending at Ist Anal, rather narrowest near the fork of M; the apical band is rather darker and fills out the wing tip, its inner margin straight and embracing the outer end of cell Ist M2. Venation: (See fig. a.): Cell 1st M2 very elongate, rather square at its inner end; veins beyond cell 1st M: (discal) short, so that that portion of Mi... between cross- veins r-m and m, is longer than the distal segment of Mi,: The type has the cell Ist M: open, confluent with cell Ms, due to the disappearance of the outer deflection of vein Ms.
Abdomen: tergum dark brownish-black, the apices of the segments broadly paler; 7th tergite orange-yellow; 8th blackish; valves of the ovipositor pale, orange-yellow; sternum similar, but the pale apical margin even broader, em- bracing the apical half of the sclerite.
Holotype, 2, Sonsonate, Salvador, Cent. Am. (Frederick Knab, Coll.) Para- types, 2 2. Aguna, Guatemala, Cent. Am. (alt. 2000 ft.) (Dr. G. Eisen, coll.)
Type and one paratype in U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. (No. 15,124).
One paratype in author's collection. I take pleasure in naming this handsome species after the “Father of American Dipterology,” Baron C. R. von Osten Sacken.
This species falls in the polita group, the species of which may be separated by the following key:
1. Thoracic prescutum entirely shiny black................200.0ceeeeeeeeees 2 Thoracic prescutum more or less orange-yellow or brownish. ............... 4 2. Pronotum yellowish. (Colombia).................5..--+s- trifasciata End: ErOnOLUNY IRC a5 <fen tects ctole eet eae re cree eee dine Mis oie elerorbieltsl lasaisis laters 3
3. Small species (oc, length, 2.5-3 mm.) ; legs with the basal two-thirds Wellowish=tavym yen (brazil) perremirerkereteveiiclek ered ciererccoic,s-<socciejersis « polita O. S.+
Larger species (9, length, 5 mm.); leg dark brown. (Costa Rica) . .rostrata End.*
1Enderlein, Zodlog. Jahrbuch abth. f. Syst.; vol. 32, pt. 1; p. 69, 70; fig. Ri (1912). 2 Osten Sacken, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr.; vol. 32, pt. 2; p. 189 (1887). 1Enderlein, Zodlog. Jahrbuch abth. f. Syst.; vol. 32, pt. 1; p. 68, 69; fig. Qi (1912).
44 Psyche [February
4. Mesonotum mostly orange; a black spot on the preescutum. (Eastern
Brazil) jo cicat ae anc cveserctasin anh OE Be ee ee pulchella, sp. n. Mesonotum chestnut in the middle, black on the sides of the pre- scutum.«(Guat=—Salvador)). ...2 4: a2 oacieeeeeeeiseien eerie sackeni, sp. n.
Teucholabis pulchella sp. nov.
Wings banded, thorax yellowish with a large black spot on the mesonotum; femora brown.
co’. Length, 8.3 mm.; wing, 7 mm.
Fore leg, femur, 3.4 mm.; tibia, 4.1 mm.; tarsus, 4.6 mm; (alcoholic) o.
Head: rostrum and palpi brown, the apices of the segments of the latter very narrowly paler; antenne brown. Front, vertex and occiput brown.
Thorax: pronotum light yellow; mesonotum entirely clear light yellow, except the middle of the praescutum which has a prominent rounded, transverse, brown mark extending from the level of the pseudosutural fovea back to near the suture, the caudal margin of the mark produced backward in two small lobes, one on either side of the median line. Pleure clear light yellow. Halteres brown, extreme base of stem pale; knob less dark than the stem. Legs: cox and trochanters light yellow; femora, basal half light brown, apical half dark brownish-black; tibie and tarsi dark brownish-black. Wings: hyaline or nearly so; an indistinct brown band across the wing from the base of Rs to the end of 2nd Anal; a much darker brown band, broadest in front begins over the cross-vein r and extends back to Cu; outer end of cell Ist M- margined with brown; tip of wing brown, the inner end of this band distant from the outer end of cell Ist M2 Venation, as figured (lig. b.)
Abdomen, dark brown, the genitalia swollen. Hypopygium: (See fig. 1.): 9th tergite, caudal margin strongly convex; pleural pieces very stout, at the apex with two short teeth; the inner margin produced caudad and entad in an obtuse tooth; viewed from the ventral aspect, with a stout apical appendage (a) inserted on the side of the pleura, below the apical teeth described above; it is narrowed at the ends, swollen on the inner face in the middle and bears numerous hairs at its tip; just entad of the base of the apical appendage is a rounded lobe (b); between the pleur arises what is apparently the guard of the penis, dark brown basally, appar- ently less chitinized apically (c), shaped as in the figure.
Holotype, &, Igarape-assu, Para, Brazil; Jan. $0, 1912. (H.S. Parish, coll.)
Type in Cornell University Museum.
It is probable that the body-colors, described above as brown are, in fresh specimens, jet black and presumably shiny.
The species belongs to the polita group and may be separated from its allies by the key under sackeni.
Teucholabis audax sp. noy.
Wings unbanded; body-color yellow; large, o’, wing, 9.5-10 mm. o’. Length, 11.3 mm.; wing, 9.7 mm. Fore leg, femur, 8.2 mm.; tibia, 9.6 mm.; tarsus, 8.6 mm.
1913] Alexander—New Neotropical Antochini 45
Middle leg, femur, 7.4 mm.; tibia, 7.4 mm.; tarsus, 5.6 mm.
Hind leg, “81mm; “ 82mm; “ 6.7mm.
Head: rostrum yellowish-brown; palpi black; antenne, first segment bright honey-yellow at the base, abruptly light brown; remainder of the antenne dark brownish-black. Front very narrow, the eyes almost contiguous at the narrowest portion; front dark brown; the caudal porticn of the vertex, and the occiput lighter, more yellowish.
Thorax: cervical sclerites elongated, brown. Prothorax very long, about as long as the mesonotal prescutum and cylindrical, broadest basally, narrowing cephalad to meet the narrow cervical sclerites; pronotum brownish-yellow. Meso- thorax, prescutum medially bright orange-yellow; on the sides brown; in the mid- dle of the sclerite, beginning near the anterior margin, broadest in front, narrowed to a point behind, is a dark brown mark; scutum pale yellow, a continuation of the preescutal pale median vitta, lobes brown, darkest laterally; scutellum bright orange; post-notum yellowish with indistinct brown stripes; pleurz shiny orange- yellow with patches of grey bloom (possibly not normal). Halteres brown. Legs: cox and trochanters light yellow; femora pale yellow with the tip broadly brown, and with a brown post-medial annulus, most prominent on the hind legs; tibia dull yellow, indistinctly darker at the extreme tip; tarsi brownish-black; legs densely covered with long black hairs. Wings: hyaline, veins brown; veins C, Se and R bright yellow; stigma rounded, dark brown, large; an indistinct brown cloud around the deflection of Ru,s. Venation, see figure d.
Abdomen: tergum light yellow, apical segments more brownish, hypopygium brown.
Holotype, @, Canal Zone, Panama, Central America. (C. H. Bath, coll.)
Type in U.S. National Museum Coll. (No. 15,126).
This vigorous species is the largest member of the genus in the American fauna. It may be readily recognized by its general yellow color (including abdomen) and its large size.
Teucholabis pleuralis sp. noy.
Wings unbanded: thorax light yellow with a dark, narrow pleural stripe; abdo- men without metallic reflexions; femora yellow, brown at the tip.
o Length, 5 mm.; wing, 5.3 mm.
Middle leg, femora, $ mm.; tibia,2.7 mm.
Hind leg, oa 4mm.; “ ,3.8 mm.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brownish-black. Antenne very dark brown. Front, vertex and occiput dark brown.
Thorax: prothorax light yellow; mesothorax: praescutum orange-yellow with a dark brown median mark, broadest anteriorly, beginning near the cephalic margin, becoming obsolete at about one-half the length of the sclerite; scutum and scu- tellum orange-yellow, the lobes of the scutum brownish on the antero-exterior angles; post-notum brownish-yellow with an indistinct brown median line. Pleura and sternum light honey-yellow, the former with a rather broad, dark brown band beginning on the cervical sclerites, running obliquely above the base of the fore cox, through the halteres, and becoming confluent with the dark color of the
46 Psyche [February
abdomen. Halteres dark brown. Legs: coxe and trochanters light yellow; femora light yellow, the apice broadly dark brown; tibia and tarsi brownish-black. Wings, subhyaline, with a distinct dusky tinge; stigma round, brown, its posterior margin not touching R23. Venation: Se rather long, that portion beyond the origin of Rs slightly longer than cell 1st M:(discal); cross-vein 7 close to the tip of Ri; space on R23 before r, as long as the basal deflection of Cui; cell Ist Mz very elongated, narrowed anteriorly; outer deflection of Ms; longer than cross-vein m (these two components making up the distal end of cell 1st M:); basal deflection of Cu: slightly beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen: dark brown, not at all with metallic reflexions; two basal sternites yellowish.
Holotype, @, Aguna, Guatemala, Central America (Dr. G. Eisen, coll.)
Type in U.S. Nat. Mus. coll. (No. 15,125),
T. pleuralis is closest to chalybeiventris Loew' from the island of Cuba; it differs in its lack of metallic reflexions on the head and abdomen; prothorax yellow, not brownish; mesothorax with a con- spicuous pleural stripe; femora not brownish-black except at the extreme tip; wings not pure hyaline, but distinctly suffused with darker. It is even more closely akin to the specimen which Willis- ton? doubtfully referred to chalybeiventris, but no mention is made, in this description, of a pleural stripe. It is very probably the same species; Williston’s specimen was from Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Teucholabis parishi sp. nov.
Wings unbanded; color light yellow throughout; venation not like typical Teucholabis.
co Length, 5.2 mm.; wing, 4.1 mm.
Middle leg, femora, 2.6 mm.; tibia, 2.5 mm.
Hind leg, ss 34mm.; “ 3.5 mm.
(Alcoholic) @.
Head: rostrum very short, pale; palpi also very short, the segments subequal, only about twice as long as broad, pale yellow. Antenne, 16-segmented, segments 1 and 2 short, the second only a little more globular than the third, light yellowish; the apical segments apparently paler. Front broad; broader than the diameter of one eye; ommatidia of the eye large, coarse.
Thorax: light yellow, mesonotal prescutum with darker, orange, stripes (pos- sibly brown in dry fresh specimens); the middle stripe is doul/e, begins at the cephalic margin of the sclerite, ends just before the suture; the lateral s#ripes begin just behind the pseudo-sutural fovea, run caudad, crossing the suture, on the scutum represented by two spots on each lobe, the posterior one triangular; post-
‘Loew; Wiener Entomol. Monatschr.; vol. 5, no. 2; p. 33, 34. (Feb. 1861) (Rhamphidia) 2 Williston; Biologia Centrali-Americana; Diptera, vol. 1, supplement; p. 226 (Dec. 1900).
1913} Alexander—New Neotropical Antochini 47
notum rather darker yellowish. Pleurs, light yellowish, a dark spot under the base of the halteres, above the hind coxa; a clearer-defined, though smaller, spot on the propleurs in the vicinity of the anterior spiracle; sternum light orange-yellow. Halteres, stem short, knob large; pale yellow. Legs, pale yellow; only the two terminal tarsal segments slightly darker. Fore legs very widely separated from the middle legs as in the Antochini. Wings: light yellowish; veins brown, those in the costal region rather brighter-colored, stigma very indistinct. Venation: (See fig. c.): Se short ending before the fork of Rs; what seems to be a branch of R2,; arises from R:,3; [ regard it as cross-vein r, although it is not complete and is very oblique in position (such asin Paratropeza). If this is regarded as a vein, R:, then the radial cross-vein is absent and the genus would run down into the Lriopterini; I know of no genus, at present, that can receive it.
Abdomen: light yellow; on the sides of the 6th segment rather dark brown, and here with a conspicuous widened enlargment (possibly not normal). Hypopy- gium: (See fig. k, ka), Sth tergite short, narrower than either the 7th or 9th; 9th (a) tergite convex on the caudal margin, with a deep median notch. Pleural pieces (b) rather narrow, cylindrical, with the appendages at the end or on the ventral face; the outer angle of the pleura produced into a blunt knob (c); apical append- ages two, the dorsal one (d), fleshy, inserted near the apex of the sclerite; the ventral one (e) arising from the ventral side, far down near the base of the pleura; the base strongly swollen, the tip chitinized bearing on the inner face, a strong tooth, swollen at the base and projecting inward; the tip, slender, bent inward. What seems to be the guard of the penis (f) is elongated, slender, not swollen, but pseudo-seg- mented near the tip.
Holotype: co’, Igarape-assu, Para, Brazil. Jan. 30,1912. (IH. S. Parish, coll.)
Type in Cornell University Museum.
The reference of this curious species to Teucholabis is provis- ional, only. It seems to me as though it might be considered one of the primitive forms of the genus. I take pleasure in naming this insect after its discoverer, Mr. H. 8. Parish, the well-known collector and traveller.
Orimarga Osten Sacken
The following species is the second American form to be made known. The two species may be separated by the following key.
1. Thoracic pleura without silvery band; legs pale yellow; tip of femora, base and tip of tibia black; wings hyaline, extreme base dark yellow. (Southwest.
WES adactoaseerdecrencdecorusccarcn a ener dine arizonensis Coquillett Thoracic pleure with a broad silvery-blue band; legs dark brown, uniform, wings suffused with darker. (Guatemala, Cent. Am.)........ argenteopleura, sp. n.
1Coquillett, “New Dipt. from N. Am.;” Proc. U. S. Mus.; vol. 25; no. 1280; p. 83, 84 (1902)
48 Psyche é [February
Orimarga argenteopleura sp. nov.
Dark brownish black; pleur with a silvery-blue band; legs uniform dark brown.
o, Length, 8.8 mm.; wing, 6.4 mm.; abdomen, 6.8 mm.
Fore leg, femur, 5 mm.; tibia, 5.3 mm.; tarsus, 5.1 mm.
Hind leg, “ 5.4mm.; “ 5.5 mm.; 4.2 mm.
2 Length, 6.2 mm.; wing, 4.9 mm.
o& Head: rostrum and palpi dark brownish-black; antennz, basal segments dark, silvery-greyish pollinose; flagellar segments dark brownish-black. Front very pale blue, the vertex and occiput brown with a sparse bluish bloom; back of the eye, on the vertex, seven or eight very long dark hairs.
Thorax: mesonotum very dark brown without apparent dorsal stripes; a narrow bright silvery-blue stripe running along the extreme lateral edge of the thorax, beginning on the end of the prothoracie scutellum, continuing to above the wing- basis. Pleurse dark brownish-black with a much broader silvery band extending from above the fore coxa back to above the hind coxa. Halteres, stem light brown, knob dark brown. Legs: cox, trochanters and extreme base of the femora light brown, the remainder of the legs dark brown. Wings: uniformly suffused with dark; veins almost black; extreme apice of the wings, in the ends of the radical cells, still darker brown. Venation: (See fig. f.): Rs angulated at its origin; cross- vein r at the tip of Ri; cross-vein r-m distad of the level of r; basal deflection of Cu: at about one-third the length of Rs.
Abdomen very elongated, dark brownish-black.
9 Almost exactly like the co’, but much smaller.
Holotype, o& Trece Aguas, Cacao, Alta V Paz, Guatemala, April 24.
(Barber and Schwarz, coll.) Allotype, Q. Type-locality, April 26, (Barber and Schwarz). : Types in the U. S. National Museum coll. (Cat. No. )
«<
Ceratocheilus Wesché
1910. Ceratocheilus Wesché; Journ. Linn. Soc. Zodl.; vol. 30; p. 358. 1912. Neostyringomyia Alexander; Canad. Ent.; vol. 44; p. 85. _
The genus Ceratocheilus was erected by the late Mr. Wesché for a species which he described as new (winnsampsoni), but which Mr. F. W. Edwards has since determined as being conspecifie with the Styringomyia cornigera of Speiser. Neither Mr. Wesché’s paper, nor Mr. Edward’s extremely valuable article (Annals and Magazine Nat. Hist.; series 8, vol. 8, p. 279-283; Aug. 1911) were available to me until after my paper was issued, wherein I erected the subgenus Neostyringomyia, using exactly the same type, cornigera Speis; consequently my name falls as a rank synonym of
1913) Alexander—New Neotropical Antochini 49
Ceratocheilus. All of the species hitherto described are African. C. cornigerum Speiser has spotted wings but C. gilesi Edwards has hyaline wings like the New World form.
The discovery of this genus in America is very interesting and we may likewise expect Styringomyia to turn up in the Neotropical fauna, when further collections are made.
Ceratocheilus americanum sp. noy.
Wings unspotted; thorax with dorsal stripes.
Q. Length, 10.5 mm. (excluding rostrum); wing, 5.3-6.2 mm.; rostrum, 5.6 mm.
Fore leg, femur, 5.5 mm.; tibia, 5.7 mm.; tarsus, 5.2 mm.
Middle leg, i Oem eG INTHE 4.8 mm.
Hind leg, “= 6.8'momis, 16) smmsee 4.5 mm.
The measurements of the legs and body appertain to the 2 with the largest wing (6.2 mm.), the paratype.
Head: rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne dark brown; front brown; ver- tex and occiput brown, with a greyish bloom behind; genx grey. Eyes brilliant metallic green. The corniculus represented by a rounded plate above the base of the antenne.
Thorax: collare very dark brown; prothorax concealed from above by the over- projecting mesonotum, only the lateral ends of the scutellum, which shows above the humeri as a rather square brown knob on either side. Mesothorax, praescutum very light buff-colored with dark brown longitudinal stripes; the middle one is broad, begins at the cephalic margin of the sclerite and continues back almost to the suture; on its caudal portion it is indistinctly divided by a pale median vitta; lateral stripes begin behind the pseudosutural foves, continue back to the scutum where they cover the lobes; extreme lateral edge of the praescutum buff-colored; scutum dark brown except the pale median depression; scutellum pale greyish- buff; post-notum thinly greyish with indistinct brown stripes on the sides. Pleurze greyish with brown patches on the sides of the sternum; on the mesopleurs, just before the wing basis and another just behind the fore coxa; sternum buffy-grey. Halteres, stem light-colored, knob dark brown. Legs: cox and trochanters yel- lowish-brown; femora light brown; tibis and tarsi darker brown. Wings: sub- hyaline, unspotted; veins dark brown. Venation: (See fig. e.); Se ending just beyond the origin of Rs; Rs oblique, about as long as R23; Ri beyond Rs about as long as the deflection of R «4s. Basal deflection of Cu: before the fork of M.
Abdomen: tergum, sclerites dark brown, from the third outward with the basal- fourth light yellowish; valves of the ovipositor long and slender (See fig. j.). Ster- nites dull yellow, the extreme tip of segments one to four brown; a narrow, indistinct, linear, brown, median stripe.
Holotype: @. Culebra, Panama, Central America. Feb. 16, 1902. (W. M. Black, coll.) Paratype, 9, Igarape-assu, Para, Brazil. Jan. 30, 1912 (H.S. Par- ish, coll.) :
50 Psyche ? [February
Type in U. S. Nat. Mus. coll. (No. 15,127). Paratype, (alcoholic), Cornell University Museum.
The paratype does not differ except in such respects as might be caused by its immersion in alcohol.
Toxorrhina Loew
The Neotropical material that I have before me numbers 30 specimens referable to four species. T. brasiliensis Westwood is well-defined, but no specimens in the collection agree with Loew’s description of fragilis. It is probable that it is an insular form, limited to the Antilles; it will be easy to recognize by its light- colored legs with darker femoral and tibial apices. My material is all continental and ranges from Mexico to Eastern Brazil.
Of the Nearctic species, I have taken muliebris O. S. by the hun- dreds, and have seen several specimens of magna O. S. from Georgia. The coloration of these two species is very constant and it is for this reason that I do not hesitate to describe three new tropical forms based largely on color-characters. WVenation in the genus is rather inconstant, especially as regards the position of the basal deflection of Cu; (pars ascendens of Bergroth; great cross-vein of Osten Sacken).
In the vicinity of Para, Brazil, Mr. H. S. Parish took four species of Tozorrhina, including the large brasiliensis Westw. It would seem from this, that the tropics is the principal home of the mem- bers of this genus.
KEY TO THE NEOTROPICAL TOXORRHIN.
1. Tibisze darker at the ‘tipo .c)yoc eo siaa ote =) o1< ape elm enerere epete ete eee epee reise rare 2 Tibiz uniform in color throughout... ........---2.--22000-eeeee cess serene 8
2. Femora uniform throughout; tibiz black at the tip. (Eastern Brazil) brasiliensis Westw.
Femora darkened at tip; tibize (probably) not black at tip. (Porto Lit (c1) EE ee ene iar tao ck eso o2 fragilis Loew.*
$. Color light yellow; basal segments of antenne lighter than the fla-
gellum; abdominal sclerites dark at tip, except the sternites which
are uniform yellow. (Eastern Brazil).................... flavida, sp. n. Color brown; antenn unicolorous; abdominal sclerites uniform or
dark at base and tip..< 22. .<- soe oe ee =e ea ee erence eer 4
1 Westwood, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France; vol. 4, p. 683 (as Limnobiorhynchus) (1835) 2 Loew, Linnea Entomol.; vol. 5, p. 401; pl. 2; f. 16, 17, 18, 22. (1851)
1913] Alexander—New Neotropical Antochini 51 4. Small species (Length, c’ 5 mm.; wing less than 5; rostrum less than 4 mm.); abdominal sclerites uniform throughout, the apices
not darkened. (Eastern Brazil)..................... meridionalis, sp. n. Larger species (Length, co’, 6-6.5 mm.; wing more than 5; rostrum over 5 mm.); abdominal sclerites pale in the middle but dark at the bases and apices of the sclerites; apice of the sternites narrowly
darkened. (Mexico—Eastern Brazil.)..................... centralis sp. n.
Toxorrhina flayida sp. noy.
Light yellow; basal segments of the antenne paler than the flagellum; 9 oviposi- tor with very slender acicular valves; basal approximation of Cu and Ist A slight. 9. Length, 6, 6.7,8.2mm. Wing, 4.8, 5,5.4mm. Rostrum, 3.4, 3.7, 3.8 mm. Fore leg, femur, 3.4, 3.8, 4 mm.; tibia, 4, 4.2, 4.5 mm. Middle leg, “ 3.6,4,— mm.; tibia, 4.5, 3.6— mm. Hindleg, “ 3.3, 3.6, 4.2 mm.; tibia, 3.5, 3.8, 4 mm.
Upper valve of @ ovipositor, 1.9, 2.0 mm.
Head: rostrum rather short, medium brown; antennz, basal segments varying from light yellow to yellowish-brown; flagellar segments dark brownish-black. Front, vertex and occiput yellowish-grey.
Thorax: cervical sclerites rather dark brown; mesonotum, prescutum rich yellowish-brown, with an indistinct narrow paler median line which becomes obso- lete before the suture and in some specimens is bordered on either side by a very nar- row brown line; lateral margins of the sclerite dull yellowish, especially bright in front of the pseudosuture; scutum, lobes brownish-yellow, median line greyish; scutellum greyish-white suffused with brown, post-notum dull yellow tinged with brown caudally. Pleurse uniformly dull orange-yellow. Halteres, stem yellow, knob slightly darker, tinged with brown. Legs: coxae and trochanters yellow, the latter rather tinged with brown; femora dull brownish-yellow, not darkened at the tip; tibize uniform yellowish-brown; tarsi brown. Wings, veins light brown, in costal region more yellowish, subhyaline. Venation (See fig. h.) Se: ending about opposite the origin of Rs; deflection of M:,2 much shorter than that segment of M..: between cross-veins r-m and m; cell Ist M2 elongated; basal deflection of Cu: rather near the fork of M. Basal approximation of Cu and Ist A slight, about one-fourth of Cu beyond the arculus.
Abdomen: tergum rich dull yellow, the caudal margin of each sclerite broadly brown; sternum uniform light yellow. Ovipositor of the 2, upper valve, base slender, tip acicular, very elongate; lower valves likewise very slender.
Holotype, 2 Igarape-assu, Para, Brazil, Feb. 1, 1912. (H.S. Parish, coll.) Para- type, 2 Igarape-assu, Para, Brazil, Feb. 3, 1912. (H.S. Parish, coll). Paratype, Q Igarape-assu, Para, Brazil; Feb. 7, 1912. (H.S. Parish, coll.) Paratype, 9 Igarape-assu, Para, Brazil; Feb. 4, 1912. (H.S. Parish, coll.)
Types in Cornell University, except paratype No. 3, in author’s collection.
Toxorrhina meridionalis sp. noy.
Brown; antenne uniformin color; abdomen uniformly light brown; Q ovipositor with the lower valves stout, blade-like; basal, approximation of Cu and 1st A more extensive.
52 Psyche (February
o. Length, 4. 8 mm.; wing, 4.6-4.8 mm.; rostrum, 3.7 mm. Fore leg, femur, 3-3.25 mm.;_ tibia, 3.85-4 mm. Middle leg, “ 3.2-3.4 mm; tibia, 3.5-3.6 mm.
Hind leg, “ 3.5-4+mm.; “3.8 mm.
©. Length, 6 mm.; wing, 5.1 mm.; rostrum, 4.2 mm. Fore leg, femur, 3.2 mm.; tibia, 4.1 mm. Hind leg, “ 3.5 mm.; “ 3.6 mm.
Upper valve of 2 ovipositor, 1.3 mm.
Head: rostrum brown; antenne dark brownish-black, including the basal segments. Front, vertex and occiput greyish, with two indistinct brown lines on the sides of the vertex.
Thorax: cervical sclerites dark brown; mesonotum, praescutum, dark brown darkest medially, paler, almost yellow, before the pseudosuture and along the margins of the sclerite; in some, the median stripe is separated from the lateral by paler; near the suture, with the appearance of two narrow, dark brown lines; seutum, lobes dark brown, the depression between them greyish; scutellum and post-notum brown with a sparse grey bloom. Pleure dark brown with a sparse greyish bloom, the extreme dorsal portions of the pleurz are darker, producing an indistinct dorsal pleural stripe. Halteres brown, extreme base of stem rather paler. Legs: cox and trochanters, brown; femora, tibize and tarsi dark brown, not darker at the tips.
Wings: subhyaline, veins brown: Venation (See fig. g.): Sc: ending opposite the origin of Rs; deflection of M:,: a little shorter than that segment of Mi;: be- tween cross-veins r-m and m; basal deflection of Cu: situated far before the fork of M; basal approximation of Cu and Ist A rather extensive, about two-fifths the length of Cu beyond the arculus.
Abdomen: segments dark brown without distinct darker markings on the incis- ures. Ovipositor of the 2, upper valve, base not strong, the tip slender but rela- tively short; lower valve, very broad, almost as wide as the base of the upper valve.
Holotype, # Igarape-assu, Para, Brazil; Jan. 26, 1912 (H. S. Parish). Allo- type, 2, Igarape-assu, Para, Brazil, Feb. 1, 1912 (H. S. Parish). Paratype 1; o' Igarape-assu, Para, Brazil; Feb. 4, 1912 (H..S. Parish). Paratype 2; & Igarape-assu, Para, Brazil; Feb. 4, 1912 (H. 5S. Parish).
Types in Cornell University, except paratype No. 2, in author's collection.
Toxorrhina centralis sp. nov.
Brown; antennx uniform in color; abdomen with base and tip of each sclerite dark; 2 ovipositor with long slender valves; basal approximation of Cu and Ist A moderate.
o Length, 6.6-7.2 mm.; wing, 6.2 mm.; rostrum, 5.1 mm.
Fore leg, femur, 4.8 mm.; tibia, 5.3 mm.
9 Length, 7.2-8 mm.; wing, 5.1-6.3 mm.
Middle leg, femur, 4.1 mm.; tibia, 4.6 mm. Hind leg, femur, 3.8-4.7 mm.; tibia, 4.2-4.5 mm. Upper valve of 9 ovipositor, 2.0 mm.
1913] Alexander—New Neotropical Antochini 53
Head: rostrum dark brown; antenne uniform dark brown. Front, vertex and occiput light grey, suffused with brown.
Thorax: prescutum rich light brown without apparent paler stripes; sides of the sclerite broadly pale buff; scutum similar, brown; scutellum and post-notum with a sparse greyish bloom. Pleure light brown. Halteres light brown, stem paler. Legs uniform light brown.
Wings subhyaline, veins light yellowish-brown. Venation: (See fig. i.): Se ending opposite origin of Rs, basal deflection of M:,: about equal to that segment of Mi,1 between cross-veins r-m and m; basal deflection of Cu: usually at, or very close to, the fork of M; basal approximation of Cu and Ist A moderate, about one-third of the length of Cu beyond the arculus.
Abdomen, tergum, sclerites light brownish-yellow, the apice and basis of each sclerite broadly brown, each band as broad as the median pale band; sternum light yellow, the apical fifth of each sclerite brown. Ovipositor of the 9, upper valve, very long and slender, lower valve also slender, but stouter than the upper valve.
Holotype: co Surinam (HH. Polah). Allotype, 9 Surinam, (H. Polah). Paratype 1, sex? Cordoba, Mexico; April 1, ‘08 (Fred’k Knab). Paratype 2 2, Cordoba, Mexico; May 8,’08 (Fred’k Knab). Paratype 3, 2, Cordoba, Mexico, May 8, ’08 (Fred’k Knab). Paratype 4, o’, Rio Dulce, Guatemala; Mar. 21, ’06 (Schwarz and Barber). Paratype 5, 9, Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta V. Paz, Guatemala; April 14, 06 (Schwarz and Barber). Paratype 6, o, Steamship “Algiers,” second day out from Port Limon, Costa Rica; June 20, 1903 (Dr. J. B. L. Layton). Paratype 7, 2, Bocas del Toro, Panama; Sept. 28, ’03. (P. Osterhout). Paratype 8, Param- aribo, Dutch Guiana (Miss K. Mayo). Paratype 9, 2 Igarape-assu, Para, Brazil (H. S. Parish).
Types in the U. S. Nat. Mus. coll. (No. 15,128).
Paratypes in U. S. N. M., except No. 4 in author’s collection, No. 8, in Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. and No. 9 in Cornell University.
This species exhibits some differences in coloring and other vari- ations from the type-description but I am quite certain that but one species is included. Most of the specimens show clearly the dark basis and apice of the abdominal tergites. Some variation exists in the position of the basal deflection of Cu, in relation to the fork of M. In most specimens it is close to, or at, the fork; in some rather far proximad of the fork; in paratype No. 9 it is distad, underneath cell Ist My. A few examples show an open Ist Mo, occasionally one wing exhibiting this character while the opposite wing is quite normal.
Explanation of the Plate 2.
Fig. a. Wing of Teucholabis sackeni, sp. n. oN Vat Se “ Teucholabis pulchella, sp.
“ “
c “ Teucholabis parishi, sp. n
“a
Roos es pon Feo
Psyche [February
. Wing of Teucholabis audaz, sp. n.
AY “* Ceratocheilus americanum, sp.n.
< “ Orimarga argenteopleura, sp. 0.
se “ Toxorrhina meridionalis, sp. n.
4 “ Toxorrhina flavida, sp. n.
of “ Toxorrhina centralis, sp. n.
Ovipositor of Ceratocheilus americanum, sp. n. . Hypopygium of ? Teucholabis parishi, sp. n.
Dorsal aspect. (a) 9th tergite; (b) pleura; (c) apice of pleura; (d) dorsal apical appendage; (e) ventral apical appendage,; (f) guard of the penis.
ka Ventral apical appendage, (enlarged). 1. Hypopygium of Teucholabis pulchella, sp. n. Dorsal aspect. (a) apical appendage; (b) lobe; (ec) guard of the penis.
Psycue, 1913. Vou. XX, Puate 2.
ALEXANDER—NEW NEOTROPICAL ANTOCHINI.
{Reprinted from JourNaL oF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL Socrety, Vol. XXI, No. 3, September, 1913.]
REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF CRANEFLIES ~ (TIPULIDE, DIPT.) FROM THE COLOMBIAN ANDES, TAKEN BY MR. JOHN THOMAS LLOYD.
By CuHartes P, ALEXANDER,
IrHaca, N. Y.1
A rather extensive collection of craneflies taken by Mr. John Thomas Lloyd on the central chain of the Andes in southwestern Colombia, March, 1912, was handed to me for study. The types have been deposited in the Cornell University collection, where the re- mainder of the Andean insects are preserved; certain of the paratypes are in the author’s cabinet. Mr. Lloyd and Dr. A. A. Allen, whose bird collections have been considered in a recent paper by Frank M. Chapman,? undertook this trip along the Cordillera Central in the spring of 1912. The itinerary of the expedition as originally planned was much more extensive, but serious illness in the party prevented collecting after leaving the “ Valle de las Papas.”
The collection embraces some 125 specimens referable to 22 species, of which 15 are herein described as new. The only pub- lished paper which considers craneflies from this altitude of the Andes is by von Roder, “ Dipteren von der Cordilleren in Columbien.”*
The following data regarding the localities collected in was fur- nished by Mr. Lloyd and Dr. Allen.
1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Cornell University.
2 Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 31, Art. 16, pp. 139, 140. 8 Victor von Réder, Stett. Ent. Zeit., Vol. 47, pp. 257-270 (1886).
194 JournaL New York Enromotocicar Society. [Vol. XXI.
’
Valle de las Papas, “the valley of potatoes,” on the Cordillera Central of the Andes near the summit at an altitude of about 10,000 feet. The Rio Caqueta, one of the principal tributaries of the Upper Amazon, flows through the valley. The valley spreads out as a flat expanse several miles in width, the surface sparsely overgrown with a tall grass suggesting prairie grass, in the wet places replaced by rushes closely allied to Scirpus; bog mosses, Sphagnum sp., occurs abundantly almost everywhere except in the wooded places. At vari- ous spots, especially in the neighborhood of the river, clumps of scat- tered trees occur, with numerous bushes in between; these trees resemble mesquite and have comparatively little moss. It was from amongst these tree clumps that most of the craneflies labelled “ Valle de las Papas” were taken. It is possible that some came from the “cloud” or “moss” forest on the slopes above the valley, as in a few places the edge of the “cloud” forest came close up to the tree clumps, though in most instances it was at least one eighth of a mile away.
The floral, avifaunal and climatic conditions of the valley are almost exactly the same as those occurring above tree line in the true paramo; however, it is at a much lower altitude (10,000-10,300 feet) than the true paramo (12,600 feet and over) and is separated from the latter by a cloud forest belt of varying width. Ecologically the flora of the paramo is a psychrophytic or cold soil formation; it is de- scribed as being a subglacial fell field “supporting a typical, open vegetation, the individuals of which are scattered in small tufts, and display growth-form exactly corresponding to those in northern fell- fields; cushion-like growth is perhaps more common. . . . Despite great humidity, frequent rain and mist, which the sun may suddenly dissipate, the vegetation is xerophytic, as Gébel’s descriptions demon- strate; many plants occur with pinoid, cupressoid, juncoid or woolly- haired leaves.’ Besides a large number of Holarctic genera of plants, there are many genera peculiar to the region; the most notable single plant of the paramo is probably the “great frailejon,” Espeletia grandi- flora Humb. et Bonpl., a remarkable Composite plant growing 6 to 8 feet in height; a good figure of Espeletia is shown in Engler und Prantl? and in Plate 1 of this article.
The “cloud” forest or “moss” forest which surrounds the valley
1 Eug. Warming, CEcology of Plants, Sec. 9, pp. 258-259, 1900. 2 Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Vol. 4, Pt. 4, p. 217, Fig. 109.
Sept., 1913.] ALEXANDER: CRANEFLIES FROM COLOMBIAN ANDES. 195
is always overhung by clouds; it is a region of very heavy and almost constant precipitation; during the time when the collection was made it rained almost continuously every day. Trees are abundant and thickly draped with a dense covering of moss, with an abundance of ferns and vines and many orchids, the whole composing a dense tangle through which passage must be cut with a knife. (See Plate IV, lower figure. )
Almaguer, 20 miles west of the “ Valle de las Papas”; the village of that name is at an altitude of about 7,500 feet, but the craneflies so labelled were taken in the vicinity of a camp on the mountain ridge west of the village, at an altitude of 10,500 feet. This is in the “moss” forest and most of the insects were obtained along a trail cut through the forest; in the open places Sphagnum grows commonly and blue-berries with non-edible woody fruit occur in abundance along the trail wherever trees have been removed.
Popayan, 40 miles N.N.E. of Almaguer, at an altitude of 6,500 feet; this is below the level of the “cloud” forest and is largely open country with savannah conditions, open hills with little woods except along the rivers.
The collection by species is as follows:
Subfamily LIMNOBIN/E. Tribe LiMNoBINI.
Genus DICRANOMYIA Stephens.
1. Dicranomyia elegantula new species.
Allied to gloriosa Alex.; wings dark brown on anterior half, with large white spots, posterior half almost clear.
Male, wing, 7.5 mm.
Female, length, 6.8 mm.; wing, 8.4 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne dark brownish black, the seg- ments of the flagellum rounded; front, vertex and occiput yellowish brown, the median line a little darker, the region adjoining the eye a little brighter, yellowish.
Mesonotal prescutum medially dark brown, a broad triangular patch of yellowish gray bloom on the sides of the sclerite just behind the pseudosuture, the point of the triangle directed inward, on the sides of the sclerite in front of the pseudosuture the color in certain lights is very dark, velvety black, in
196 Journat New York Enromotocicar Society. [Vol. Xt.
other lights almost white; scutum dark brown with a paler bloom along the front margin; scutellum dark brown with a diamond-shaped patch of gray bloom in the middle; postnotum brown. Pleure black, the mesopleure largely covered with a silvery white bloom, a narrow brown stripe cuts across this patch from the cervical sclerites to the scutellum. Halteres whitish, with the knob brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters brown, femora light yellow, rest of the legs gone. Wings with the anterior half brown with rounded white spots, a series of about eight in the radial cell, a large spot at the end of Se, extending caudad to the radial sector, other spots in cell 2nd R, and R;. The caudal cells of the wings are almost hyaline with scattered brown markings, a brown suffusion along Cu and its fork, in cell rst A and on the anal angle of the wing. Venation: Sc long, Sc, at its tip; Rs long, much longer than the very long deflection of R,,,; inner ends of cells R, and Cu, almost in a line. (See Pl. 2, fig. 2.) Abdomen brown.
Holotype, 2, Almaguer, March 11, 1912.
Allotype, d, with the type.
The allotype has the femora much darker, brown, narrowly tipped with yellowish.
D. elegantula approaches gloriosa Alex. (Guatemala) in its long Sc and general coloration; the venation, especially as regards the long deflection of R,,,, is very different; the pale color of the anal cells is a conspicuous character.
In regard to the patches of pollen occurring on the thorax of this group of species, it should perhaps be stated that this varies consider- ably in different lights and the student must take this factor into account.
2. Dicranomyia cordillerensis new species.
Subcosta long, thorax brownish yellow, wings pale brownish with scanty brown spots.
Female, length, somewhat shrunken, 7.6 mm.; wing, 11.2 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black; antennz dark brownish black, the flagellar segments oval, gradually more elongated toward the tip; head gray.
Mesonotal prescutum shiny brownish yellow, becoming more brownish behind; scutum, scutellum and postnotum dark brown. Pleure dull brownish yellow. Halteres long, pale, knob darker. Legs, cox and trochanters dull light yellow, remainder of the legs broken. Wings, pale brownish, cells C and Se rich yellow; a conspicuous brown spot at the origin of Rs, a smaller one at the tip of Sc, a very large stigmal blotch, indistinct seams on the crossveins
1C. P. Alexander, Canadian Entomologist, November, 1912, pp. 337, 338; Pl. 11, fig. 7.
Sept, 1913-] ALEXANDER: CRANEFLIES FROM COLOMBIAN ANDES. 197
and deflections of veins which make up the cord and the outer end of cell rst M,. Venation: Sc long, extending far beyond the origin of Rs, Rs angular and spurred at origin, almost straight beyond the angulation, deflection of Fee short. (See Pl. 2, fig. 1.)
Abdominal tergites brown, sternites yellowish, the scterites suffused with brown behind and on the sides.
Holotype, 2, Valle de las Papas, March 29, 1912.
Agrees most closely with D. ornatipennis Blanchard (Chile), but the wing pattern, as described for the latter, is different, the crossveins not margined with darker. D. lineicollis Blanchard is a much smaller species, with a dark lateral, thoracic stripe.
3. Dicranomyia andicola Alexander. 1912. Furcomyia andicola Alexander, Can. Ent., December, 1912, p. 362; Pl. 11, fig. h.
Three males and one female from Almaguer, March 11, 1912.
The ventral lobes of the male hypopygium are conspicuous, yellow, produced into a short, rounded protuberance near the base on the inside and here with two long slightly curved, pointed spines; lower or cephalic side of this protuberance with a comb of long bristles. Ventral projections of the pleura very elongate, cylindrical, the base narrowed. Dorsal apical appendage of the pleura very stout, short, strongly curved. Caudal margin of the 9th tergite concave.
4. Dicranomyia insignifica Alexander. 1912. Furcomyia insignifica Alexander, Can. Ent., December, 1912, p. 363; Pl. rx, fig. i.
About 40 specimens, both sexes, from Almaguer, March 11, 1912, and Valle de las Papas, March 22 to 29, 1912.
The 9th tergite of the male hypopygium has a deep median notch on the caudal margin; pleurz very short, the inner face beset with stout spines, near the middle produced into a chitinized arm which is provided with spines at short intervals and is tipped with long hairs; pleura with two apical appendages, the dorsal one very short, about as long as the pleura and strongly curved; the ventral appendage very large, fleshy, very much larger than the pleura, its inner margin near the base with a small protuberance bearing two stout spines, on the ventral margin cephalad of these spines are three large bristles; pleura with a large rounded lobe on the ventral side. (See Plate 3, fig. r.)
198 JournaLt New York Enrtomotrocicar Society. [Vol. XXI.
5. Dicranomyia longiventris new species.
Male, length, 7.3 mm.; wing, 8 mm.; abdomen, 6.8 mm.
Rostrum yellowish, palpi pale brown; antenne dark brownish black, fla- gellar segments oval, more elongated toward the tip of the organ; head gray.
Mesonotal prescutum light yellowish brown, a broad brown median stripe with a narrower lateral stripe on either side behind joined to the caudal end of the median stripe; scutum with the lobes dark brown, median line whitish; scutellum and postnotum yellowish brown. Pleurz pale, dull whitish. Halteres very long, brown, the knob a little darker. Legs long, brownish. Wings sub- hyaline, stigma feebly indicated; venation (see Pl. 2, fig. 3): Sc, very long, Rs short, about as long as the deflection of R,,,, but much more arcuated.
Abdomen very long and slender, tergites dark brown, the lateral and caudal margins of the sclerites narrowly pale, yellowish; sternites pale, dull
yellowish. Hypopygium with the oth tergite oval, the latero-caudal angles.
broadly rounded, the caudal margin slightly concave. Pleure short and stout, the dorsal apical appendage long, slender, simple, ending in a sharp curved point; the ventral appendage is a fleshy lobe much longer than the pleura; from the base of this lobe is borne another chitinized appendage which is enlarged at its base, deeply bifid at its tip, one of the two teeth obtuse and ending in long hairs, the other shorter and pointed; midlength of this arm are two pointed spines; this appendage is apparently borne by the base of the fleshy ventral lobes. From the ventral side of the pleura projects a con- spicuous fleshy lobe bearing long hairs; guard of the penis uniform in width, a little pointed at the tip. (See Pl. 3, fig. 2.)
Holotype, 6, Valle de las Papas, March 29, 1912.
Allotype, 2, with the type.
Paratypes, 6 d, 2 9, Valle de las Papas, March 22 to 29, 1912.
D. longiventris belongs to the halterata group (halterata O. S., particeps Doane, simillima Alex., et al.) with very long Sc, and ex- ceedingly long halteres. The extremely long abdomen easily separates it from these allied forms.
Genus GERANOMYIA Haliday. 6. Geranomyia sp.
One specimen from Almaguer, March 11, 1912, in too poor condi- tion to determine. It belongs to the group of species containing rostrata Say, insignis Loew, etc.
Sept., 1913.] ALEXANDER: CRANEFLIES FROM COLOMBIAN ANDES. 199 Tribe ANTOCHINI.
Genus ATARBA Osten Sacken.
7. Atarba columbiana new species.
General color yellow, wings broad with the stigma indistinct, femora with a brown subapical ring.
Male, length about 6 mm.; wing, 7.8 mm.
Female, length, 5.5 mm.; wing, 7.4—7.8 mm.
Rostrum brownish yellow, palpi very dark brown; antennz elongated, the segments of the flagellum elongate-oval, antennz light yellowish brown, with a dense white pubescence; head light yellowish gray.
Mesonotal prescutum rather shiny, dull yellow, without apparent stripes, sometimes with a brown suffusion; remainder of the mesonotum similar. Pleure light yellow. Halteres short, stem pale, knob darker. Legs bright yellow, femora with a conspicuous brown ring just before the tip, tarsi with segments 2 to 5 and the tip of segment 1 brown. Wings subhyaline, iridescent, stigma indistinct, veins in the costal region yellow, others brown. Venation (see Pl. 2, fig. 4): Sc short, Sc, ending opposite the origin of Rs; Sc, about five times as long as Sc,; cell rst M, about square; basal deflection of Cu, beyond the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the hypopygium a little brighter colored, sternites yellowish brown.
Holotype, ¢, Almaguer, March 11, 1912.
Allotype, 2, with the type.
Paratypes, 1 d, 1 2, with the type.
A. columbiana differs from all of the known species of the genus in its brown femoral rings. As I have indicated in previous papers, the species of Atarba described by de Meijere, Williston and others are not members of this genus but aberrant species of the Eriopterine genus Gonomyia.
Tribe ERIOPTERINI.
Genus GONOMYIA Meigen. 8. Gonomyia andicola new species.
Basal flagellar segments swollen, thoracic dorsum dark clove brown, pleure with a broad yellowish band, wings tinged with darker.
Male, length, 5 mm.; wing, 6.6 mm.
Female, length, 5.5 mm.; wing, 7.3 mm.
200 JournaL New York Entomorocicar Socrety, [Vol. XX.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black; antenne dark brownish black, scapal and four basal segments of the flagellum enlarged, oval, the remaining flagellar segments abruptly becoming elongate-oval; head dark brownish gray.
Mesothoracic dorsum dark clove brown without distinct darker stripes, lateral margin of the sclerite narrowly bright yellow, extending from one wing- base to the other, broadest in front; scutum dark brown; scutellum dull yellow, postnotum brown. Pleure dark brownish gray, with a broad oblique band, yellowish in some lights, whitish in others, extending from above and behind the posterior coxe towards the cervical sclerites, ending on the mesopleure. Halteres pale, knob brown. Legs, coxe light brown, darker basally, remainder of the leg dark brown. Wings suffused with darker, veins dark brown. Vena- tion (see Pl. 2, fig. 6): Sc long, ending rather far beyond the origin of Rs, fork of R,,, long, about as long as its petiole, veins issuing from cell rst M, long, basal deflection of Cu, before the middle of cell rst M,.
Abdomen dark grayish brown. Male hypopygium (see Pl. 3, fig. 3) with the oth tergite produced into a prominent median lobe which is deeply notched. Pleural pieces elongate-cylindrical, the dorsal inner angle produced entad into a short subchitinized arm; from the end of the pleura is a strong, curved, chitinized hook, directed entad and cephalad, a few short hairs at intervals along this hook; behind the chitinized hook is a straight fleshy appendage directed caudad; gonapophyses long, straight, directed caudad, at the tip some- what twisted and strongly chitinized, before the tip on the inner face, with a strong curved spine; guard of the penis long and slender, scarcely enlarged at the tip, which is truncated.
Holotype, ¢, Valle de las Papas, March 29, 1912. Allotype, 2, with the type. Paratypes, 13 males, 4 females, with the type.
Genus ERIOPTERA Meigen. Subgenus MESOCYPHONA Osten Sacken.
9. Erioptera (Mesocyphona) sp.
Two specimens, ¢, 2, from the Valle de las Papas, March 29, 1912, not in proper condition to determine more accurately.
Subgenus ERIOPTERA Meigen.
ro. Erioptera (Erioptera) andina new species.
Brown, the pronotal scutellum light yellow, legs brown, wings suffused with brown, halteres brown at the tip, the stem pale.
Male, length, about 4 mm.; wing, 6 mm.
Female, length, 4.7 mm.; wing, 6.3 mm.
EE
-_— =
Sept., 1913-] ALEXANDER: CRANEFLIES FROM COLOMBIAN ANDES. 201
Rostrum, palpi and antenne dark brown; front, vertex and occiput dark brownish.
Pronotal scutellum light yellow, showing off conspicuously against the dark brown of the rest of the thorax. Mesonotal prescutum dark brown, lat- eral edges of the sclerite paler, occupying the region before the pseudosutural fovea ; remainder of the mesonotum dark brown. Pleurz dark plumbeous brown. Halteres large, stem pale yellowish, knob brown. Legs, coxe and trochanters dull yellow, remainder of the legs brown. Wings with a faint brown suffusion, stigmal region elongate, brown, veins brown. Venation (see Pl. 2, fig. 5).
Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium (see Pl. 3, fig. 6). The oth tergite is a quadrate plate with its caudal margin broadly emarginate, the edge with small teeth. Pleural pieces rather long, cylindrical, the inner ventral angle produced into a lobe, the tip of the pleurites bearing long hairs; two apical appendages, both chitinized, the ventral one slender basally, more en- larged and irregularly spatulate at the tip; the dorsal appendage long, slender and acutely pointed at the tip. The apophyses consist of a median quadrate plate with its caudal margin straight or nearly so, produced into indistinct points at the lateral angles; on either side of this plate is a slender chitinized rod directed caudad.
Holotype, d, Valle de las Papas, March 29, 1912.
Allotype, 2, with the type.
Paratype, d, with the type.
This is the first neotropical species of the stibgenus to be described.
Genus MOLOPHILUS Curtis.
11. Molophilus perseus new species.
Male antennz short, thorax light yellowish brown, wings nearly hyaline, veins light yellow, male hypopygium with the lower pleural lobe provided with a strong chitinized appendage which is serrated on the caudal margin.
Male, length, 4.8 mm.; wing, 6.2 mm.
Female, length, 5—5.3 mm.; wing, 6.8—7.6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antennz with the basal segment yellow, the remainder of the antenne dark brown, the flagellar segments elongated; head dark brown.
Thoracic dorsum light yellowish brown without distinct stripes, extreme margin of the prescutum pale yellowish white; scutum and scutellum brown, postnotum dark brown. Pleure dark brown. Halteres light yellow. Legs light yellow, hind and middle tarsi darker. Wings subhyaline, veins light yellow, especially bright along the costa and at the base of the wing.
Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium (see Pl. 3, figs. 4 and 5) with the pleural pieces very short and broad, divided by a membranous notch into two lobes; viewed from above with an oval lobe projecting caudad, this lobe concave on its dorsal inner face and here provided with a strong chitinized
202 JournaL New York Entomotocicar Socrety. [Vol. XXI.
U-shaped hook, the inner edge of the lobe produced into a less chitinized hook. Viewed from beneath, the pleura has a lower lobe separated from the dorsal one by membrane; this lower lobe is provided with a powerful chitinized ap- pendage ending in a long straight point, the caudal or outer edge with promi- nent, regular teeth, the inner or cephalic margin of this appendage with a few long bristles near the base.
Holotype, d, Valle de las Papas, March 29, 1912. Allotype, 2, with the type. Paratypes, 1 d, 2 2, with the type.
Genus TRIMICRA Osten Sacken. 12. Trimicra sp. One female from the Valle de las Papas, March 29, 1912; it is in too poor condition to determine beyond the genus.
Tribe LIMNOPHILINI.
Genus EPIPHRAGMA Osten Sacken.
13. Epiphragma cordillerensis new species.
Thorax with five dark lines, one being median, femora with a conspicuous subapical brown ring with indications of a second, postmedian ring, wings light brown with darker ocellate markings.
Male, length, 7.2-8 mm.; wing, 9-9.4 mm.
Female, length, 1o—10.8 mm.; wing, 10.3-12.8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne with the scapal segments dark brownish black, the rather enlarged first segment of the flagellum bright orange-yellow, remaining segments of the flagellum dark brownish black; front, vertex and occiput dark brown, a pale buff margin along the eyes and two buff spots on the occiput.
Prescutum with a broad brown median stripe, which continues to the suture; sides of the sclerite a little darker, region between these brown mark- ings with a golden yellow bloom; scutum light yellow, the center of each lobe and the median depression brown; scutellum grayish brown with a median brown stripe; postnotum gray with a brown median stripe and a rounded brown spot on either side near the end of the basal half. Pleure grayish, a dark brown stripe extending from the head across the cervical and pronotal sclerite to the metathorax. Halteres rather long, pale, the knobs a little darker. Legs with the coxe yellowish, the extreme base traversed by a dark brown band, trochanters brownish yellow, femora yellowish, darkening to brown before the tip, a subapical or apical ring of yellow, tibie brownish yellow, tarsi brown. Wings with a dull yellow suffusion and with abundant brown ocellate
Sept., 1913-] ALEXANDER: CRANEFLIES FROM COLOMBIAN ANDES. 2038
markings, the largest at the origin of Rs, with numerous other marks in all the cells; a series of five subequal oval spots in cell 2nd A. Venation as in Pl. 2, fig. 8.
Abdominal tergites brown, sternites dull yellow, the extreme lateral margin brown.
In some specimens the only mark on the yellow femora is the broad sub- apical brown band.
Holotype, ¢, Popayan, March 1, 1912 (by sweeping).
Allotype, 2, Valle de las Papas, March 22, 1912.
Paratypes, 3 d, 1 2, with the allotype.
In my key to the American species of Epiphragma* this would run down to solatrix Osten Sacken of the eastern United States, from which it differs in the much more ocellate character of the wing pattern and other characters.
Genus OROMYIA new genus.
(non Oreomyza Pokorny, Wien. Ent. Zeit., Vol. 6, 1887).
Antennz of the male elongated, the scapal segments greatly swollen, globu- lar, the elongate first segment of the flagellum arising abruptly from the last scapal segment, flagellar segments much elongated, the whole antenne about as long as the body; there are only 12 antennal segments in my unique speci- men, but the total number is very probably 16. Tibie with two long, slender spurs. Wings with subcosta short, ending opposite the origin of the radial sector; the sector is short, arcuated; R, short, oblique, crossvein r lacking. Male genitalia with the oth sternite produced caudad into a conspicuous lyri- form plate.
Type of the genus, Oromyia lloydi new species.
In my key to the Limnophiline genera? Oromyia would run down to Phyllolabis Osten Sacken*® of the western Nearctic fauna, which is presumably its nearest ally, both genera agreeing in the lack of cross- vein r and cell M,. They may be separated by the following key:
1. Subcosta very long, ending opposite the fork of Rs; R, not oblique and as long as R,.,; crossvein m prominent as long as r—m; basal deflection of Cu, very far distad, so that Cu and M do not fuse. Male genitalia with the 8th sternite bearing a pale foliaceous appendage, broad at the base,
1C. P. Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 44, No. 1966, p. 535.
2 Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 44, No. 1966, p. 525.
3 Osten Sacken, Western Diptera, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, Vol. 3, pp. 202, 203 (1877).
204 JournaL New York Enromotocicar Society. [Vol. XXI. . narrower on the apical half and very deeply split medially. Male an- tennz of the normal Limnophiline type, the flagellar segments not elon- gated, the antenne reaching about to the wing-base. Phyllolabis Osten Sacken. Subcosta short, ending opposite the origin of Rs; R, very short, oblique, simulating a crossvein; crossvein m short, tending to be obliterated by the long second deflection of M,; basal deflection of Cu, under the middle of the square cell rst M,. Male genitalia with the 9th sternite produced caudad into a conspicuous lyriform plate. Male antenne elongated, as long as the body ................+- Oromyia new genus.
14. Oromyia lloydi new species.
Thorax dull yellow; wings subhyaline with a large stigma.
Male, length, 5.5 mm.; wing, 6.8 mm.; antenna, about 6 mm.
Hind leg, femur, 5.6 mm.; tibia, 5.2 mm.; tarsus, 4.2 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenne with the scape and the extreme base of the first flagellar segment reddish yellow, remainder of the antenne dark brownish black; front and clypeus brown, with a gray bloom; front, vertex and occiput gray.
Thoracic dorsum dull yellow without distinct stripes; pleare more brown- ish yellow. Halteres yellow, knob broken. Legs, coxe and trochanters light yellow, femora light yellow at base, darkening rather abruptly into brown; tibie and tarsi brown. Wings subhyaline, stigma rather square, brown; veins dark brown. Venation as in the genus. (See Pl. 2, fig. 7.)
Abdomen with the two basal tergites dark brown, 3d to 5th yellowish basally, brown apically ; remaining segments brown. Sternites with the second segment brown with a rounded yellowish median spot; segments 3 to 6 brown, the basal portion yellowish, this covering about one half on segment 3 and about one fourth on segment 6; remaining sternites dark brownish black. Hypopygium with the 8th sternite produced caudad into a long cylindrical pro- tuberance which is thickly covered with long hairs; oth sternite broad at the base, at the tip produced into a chitinized lyriform appendage, this appendage directed caudad, at the apex of each arm bearing a dorsally directed slender hair-like point. Pleural pieces broad at the base, narrowed and truncated at apex, clothed with long dense hairs; two chitinized apical appendages, the dorsal one cylindrical, somewhat enlarged at the tip; ventral appendage stouter, produced into a long hook at the apex, on the lower face with numerous appressed teeth. (See Pl. 3, figs. 7-9.)
Holotype, o, Valle de las Papas, March 29, 1912. The type of this new genus is named in honor of the collector, Mr. J. T. Lloyd.
Sept., 1913-] ALEXANDER: CRANEFLIES FROM COLOMBIAN ANDES. 205
Genus LIMNOPHILA Macquart.
15. Limnophila lloydi new species.
Color of the head and thorax light gray, wings hyaline, with four costal blotches of brown, the largest near the tip of the wing, other cells of the wing with scattered brown dots.
‘Male, length, 8.2 mm.; wing, 9.6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antennx with the scapal segments dark brown with a gray bloom, flagellar segments brown; front, vertex and occiput with a broad light gray median stripe, the region adjoining the eye rich yel- lowish brown.
Pronotum light gray; mesonotal prescutum light gray, with a linear rich rust brown streak on either side of the median line near the pseudosuture, two brown spots on either side near the transverse suture; scutum, scutellum and postnotum light gray, the latter broadly margined with dark brown behind. Pleure, propleure brown with a yellow bloom, mesopleure dark brown, the metapleure even darker. Halteres light yellow throughout. Legs, fore coxe yellowish with a slightly darker bloom, trochanters yellow above, brown be- neath, femora yellowish becoming browner before the tip, tibia yellow, brown at the tip, tarsi yellowish, each segment tipped with brown; middle and hind legs similar but the coxe and trochanters are brown. Wings long and narrow, rather pointed at the tip, hyaline with yellow veins; conspicuous brown marks as follows: one at the base of cell R, a second at the origin of Rs, a third, larger, including the tip of Sc, the fork of R,,, and down the cord to cell 1st M,; a fourth, very large blotch, occupying the ends of cells 2d R,, R, and R,; a few scattered dots at the ends of the veins and in most of the cells. Venation, see Pl. 2, fig. 9.
Abdominal tergites yellowish brown, brightest medially, the apical sclerites rather darker; sternites yellowish brown.
Holotype, d, Valle de las Papas, March 29, 1912.
This species is dedicated to the collector, Mr. J. T. Lloyd.
This species suggests Lecteria conspersa Enderlein? (Brazil) in its wing pattern but in all other respects is quite different. It also bears a resemblance to Limnophila guttulatissima Alexander (Guate- mala),? in which the thorax is pale brown spotted with darker brown and the wings with a greater abundance of brown dots.
16. Limnophila orophila new species. Blackish, wings dull yellowish, crossveins r and m lacking. Male, length, 5-5.2 mm.; wing, 5.3-5.7 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black; antennz black, the 2d segment
1 Gunther Enderlein, Zodl. Jahrb., Vol. 32, Pt. 1, pp. 49, 50 (1912). 2C. P. Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 44, No. 1966, p. 546.
206 Journat New York Entomorocicat Socrery. (Vol. XXI-
large, rounded, flagellar segments rounded oval, gradually decreasing in size to the tip; front, vertex and occiput dull black with a sparse grayish bloom.
Thorax black with a sparse brownish bloom on the sides of the prescutum adjoining the pseudosuture, scutum, scutellum and postnotum black with a brownish bloom. Pleure black with a brown bloom. Halteres, stem light brown, knob darker. Legs, coxe and trochanters dull brownish yellow, re- mainder of the legs dark brownish black. Wings with a dull yellow suffusion, no stigmal spot, veins yellow. Venation, crossveins r and m obliterated, cell M, gone by the fusion of M, and M,, basal deflection of Cu, beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen black, the hypopygium a little browner. Male genitalia with the pleural lobes rather stout, with two apical appendages, the more dorsal, fleshy basally and here with long hairs, chitinized on the apical half, the tip deeply bifid; the ventral appendage is subchitinized, cylindrical, simple, the tip rounded.
Holotype, 6, Almaguer, March 11, 1912. Paratypes, 2 d, with the type.
Subfamily TIPULINE. Tribe TIPULINI.
Genus PACHYRHINA Macquart.
17. Pachyrhina alleni new species.
Head black, reddish around the base of the antenne; thorax with the predominating color black with narrow yellow lines and spots; abdomen with the basal half yellowish red, the tip black; wings with a pale brown suffusion.
Male, length, 10.6-11.2 mm.; wing, 11-12 mm.; antennz, about 3.5-4 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black; antenne short, blackish, the flagellar segments very short, cylindrical, scarcely concave on the inner face, terminal antennal segments shorter and more slender; frontal tubercle and region around the base of the antennz dull orange-yellow, frontal prolongation of the head, vertex and occiput dark brownish black, gene provided with abundant long black hairs.
Pronotum dark brownish black, the scutum broadly bright yellow above. Mesonotal prescutum orange-yellow, with three very broad black stripes which almost conceal the ground color, the median one very broad in front, narrowed to a point behind at the suture, the lateral stripes begin behind the conspicuous straight pseudosuture and run caudad, interrupted by a dull yellow patch on the lateral angles behind; the yellow ground color of the prescutum is broadest in front before the pseudosuture, almost obliterated behind; scutum dull yellow, each lobe with a conspicuous black blotch, these being caudal extensions of the
Sept., 1913-] ALEXANDER: CRANEFLIES FROM COLOMBIAN ANDES. 207
lateral prescutal stripes; scutellum dull brown, darker, blackish, anteriorly brighter, yellowish on the sides, this color continued cephalad onto the lateral margins of the scutum; postnotum dark brownish black with a dull yellow blotch on the cephalic margin, one on either side of the median line. Pleure brownish black, paler dorsally, an elongate yellow blotch on the extreme lateral edge of the prescutum, appearing pleural in position, just above the anterior spiracle; tegula conspicuous, bright yellow; a conspicuous yellow stripe on the side of the postnotum, also appearing to be pleural in position, this stripe being cephalad of the base of the halteres and cephalo-dorsad of the mesospiracle. Halteres light brown. Legs, coxe and trochanters light brown, the former darker basally, femora light brownish yellow, the fore femora darker, brownish, tibie brown, tarsi broken. Wings with a uniform pale brownish tinge, cells C and Se a little brighter, stigma brown, veins dark brown. Venation (sce Pl. 4, fig. 5); Cu, fuses with M for a distance about equal to the crossvein r-m and breaks away before the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites 1 and 2 reddish brown, 3 reddish yellow with a brown blotch near the base, 4 reddish yellow, 5 to 9 dark brownish black; sternites 1 to 4, reddish yellow, 5 to 6 similar, the caudal margins of the sclerites broadly blackish, segments 7 and 8 dark brownish black, the latter at the tip densely clothed with bright orange hairs. Hypopygium with the goth tergite having an oval notch, the caudal margin with abundant chitinized points and denticule. Pleural suture long, prominent; pleura bearing two lobes, the outer lobe fleshy, very broad and flat, provided with dense hairs, its tip pointed; the inner lobe is large, chitinized, especially on the cephalic margin, where it is produced into a large appressed tooth. (See Pl. 4, fig. 8.)
Holotype, ¢, Valle de las Papas, March 29, 1912.
Paratype, d, with the type. :
This species is named in honor of Dr. A. A. Allen of Cornell University.
P. alleni is allied to usta Osten Sacken of Costa Rica (Biol. Cent. Amer. Dipt., Vol. 1, pp. 17, 18) in the predominance of the black color on the thorax. It differs in many respects, having much more dark color on the head, abdomen with the basal half reddish yellow, not black, etc.
18. Pachyrhina nigrolutea Bellardi. 1859. Tipula nigrolutea Bellardi, Ditterologia Messicana, Vol. I, p. 11.
One female from Popayan, March 1, 1912, by sweeping.
208 Journat New York Entomotocicat Sociery, [Vol. XXI.
Genus TIPULA Linnzus.
19. Tipula carizona new species.
Monilifera group; wings light brown, subhyaline markings scanty; abdo- men yellowish brown, trivittate with darker brown.
Male, length, 11.4—-13.2 mm.; wing, 13.3-14.5 mm.; antennz, 9 mm.
Palpi dark brown; antenne of the monilifera type of structure, scapal segments light yellowish brown, third segment with the basal half yellowish brown, passing into dark brown at the tip, remainder of the antenne dark brown; frontal prolongation of the head brown with a gray bloom; front, vertex and occiput light gray with three longitudinal brownish stripes, one median and one along either inner margin of the eye.
Pronotum light gray, with a very narrow and indistinct median brown mark, sides of the sclerites darker. Mesonotal prescutum light gray, with darker longitudinal stripes as follows: a very narrow brown median stripe extending the length of the sclerite, on either side of this, narrowly separated by a strip of the ground color, is a gray band, behind the pseudosutural or humeral region begin the abbreviated grayish lateral stripes, sides of the sclerite brown, much of the gray ground color is speckled with dark brown; scutum gray, with the lobes brown, a dark brown median spot on the caudal margin of the sclerite, this running back across the scutellum as a median vitta; scutellum very pale gray, with the caudal margin broadly dark brown; postnotum clear gray, with a conspicuous dark brown median stripe and a spot of the same color on the sides of the basal half of the sclerite. Pleure light gray, with large indistinct markings of brown. Halteres light brown, the knob a little darker. Legs, coxe light brown, with a gray bloom, trochanters and femora light brown, the latter broadly dark brown apically, tibie brown, the dark tip still broader, tarsi dark brown. Wings with a rather uniform light brown suffusion, stigma a little darker brown, a subhyaline spot beyond the stigma in cell 2d R,, a second along the cord, most noticeable in cells rst M, and base of M,. Venation as in PI. 4, fig. 7.
Abdominal tergites yellowish brown, with a dark brown median stripe extending to the 8th segment, lateral margins of the sclerites dark brown; sternites yellowish, becoming much more infuscated along the apical segments. Male hypopygium: oth tergite from above with the caudal margin deeply and broadly incised, this broad notch. with a median protuberance which is again incised by a triangular cut, ventral margin of the oth tergite produced entad into a rounded lobe. 8th sternite produced caudad into a long flat point, which is densely clothed with long hairs, viewed from beneath this appendage is seen to be constricted at the extreme base, soon widening. oth sternite rather large, the pleural piece complete, oval, bearing three appendages, the more dorsal being long, slender, fleshy and directed dorsad, clothed with long pale hairs; the more ventral appendage projecting caudad from the ventro- caudal angle of the sclerite, short, densely clothed with short appressed hairs; the median appendage is largest and longest, its base about as wide as the length of the pleura, the appendage narrowed before the enlarged axe-like tip,
Sept., 1913-] ALEXANDER: CRANEFLIES FROM COLOMBIAN ANDES. 209
which is chitinized on its apical margin. Central vesicle small with a promi- nent apophyse directed dorsad and cephalad; the penis is short and propor- tionately thick, its walls with numerous transverse lines, the base of the penis scarcely anterior to the central vesicle. Other prominent appendages of the genital chamber are a pair of chitinized flattened pieces on either side of the penis, on the dorsal margin produced dorsad into spoonlike points. (See Pl. 4, figs. 2-4.)
Holotype, d, Valle de las Papas, March 29, 1912.
Allotype, 2, with the type.
Paratypes, 10 d, March 22 to 29, 1912, with the type. One ¢ frrom Almaguer, March 11, 1912.
Variations: in some specimens, the shaft of each of the flagellar segments is much paler, yellowish brown, than the swollen base. In many individuals the thorax lacks the gray bloom which produces this body color but this is probably due to the condition of the specimens. The wings of some with an indistinct subhyaline band beginning before the stigma and running obliquely toward the base of the wing.
The specific name is that of a native Indian tribe; spelled also “carijona.” They inhabit the banks of the upper Yapura River.
T. carizona is related to moniliformis Réder! but I cannot identify this. as Réder’s species. * Moniliformis is described as having yellowish and hyaline conspicuously diversified wings, whereas in carizona the wings are pale brown with the whitish or subhyaline markings very reduced. The thorax in moniliformis is brown without distinct stripes, in carizona gray, vittate with darker; no mention is made in the de- scription of moniliformis of the conspicuous trivittate condition of the abdominal tergum. In monilifera Loew the wing pattern is also con- spicuously diversified brown and white; here the caudal prolongation of the 8th sternite is much shorter, the penis much longer and more slender, the shapes of the 9th tergite and the median pleural appendage quite different and the 9th sternite produced into a conspicuous median lobe.
20. Tipula monilifera Loew.
1851. Tipula monilifera Loew, Linnea Entomol., Vol. 5, p. 404; Pl. 2, figs. 26-27.
One male from Popayan, March 1, 1912, and another male from the Valle de las Papas, March 29, 1912.
1 Victor von Roder, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1886, pp. 259, 260.
210 JournaL New York Entomoxocicar Society. [Vol. XX1.
21. Tipula mocoa new species.
Size medium (wing, 2, 20 mm.); color light brown, thorax with five darker brown lines, the median one narrowest, femora brown, with a con- spicuous yellow subapical ring, wings hyaline variegated with numerous gray and brown blotches.
Female, length, about 18 mm.; wing, 20.8 mm.
Palpi and frontal prolongation of the head dark brown; antennz with the scapal segments yellowish, first flagellar segment with the basal two thirds light brown, remainder yellow, next five segments with the basal third black, rest yellow, apical flagellar segments dark brownish black; vertex and occiput dark grayish brown, the region adjoining the eye paler, yellowish.
Pronotum dark brown, darkest medially. Mesonotal prescutum light brown, with darker brown stripes, the median one very narrow and runs the length of the sclerite; on either side of it is a broader brown stripe which bends slightly distad near the middle of the sclerite and then becomes confluent with the median stripe near the suture, in front spreading out and occupying the region in front of the pseudosuture, lateral stripes rather short surrounded by the pale ground color of the prescutum, sides of the sclerite behind rather bright yellowish; scutum gray, the lobes with two dark brown spots of which the anterior one is the smaller; scutellum and postnotum dull yellow with a narrow brown median line. Pleurz grayish with two large blotches on the mesepipleure. Halteres brown, the knob a little yellowish. Legs, coxe brown- ish yellow, gray pollinose, trochanters dull yellow, femora dull yellow basally, soon darkening to the tip with a broad yellow subapical ring, tibie and tarsi brown. Wings hyaline, cell C pale yellowish brown, wings with numerous gray and brown clouds on the disc as follows: a large one at the stigma, at the fork of Cu, in the anal cells, in the middle of cell M, at the origin of Rs and in the middle of cell R: a gray blotch in the radial cell and clouds at the ends of the longitudinal veins. Venation as in PI. 4, fig. 6.
Abdominal tergites rich brown with indications of a darker dorsal stripe, pleural region a little browner, especially on the basal segments, sternites yel- lowish brown. Ovipdsitor with the tergal valves very long and slender, the tips rather obtuse, sternal valves rather long, slender, extending about one half the length of the upper valves.
Holotype, 2, Valle de las Papas, March 29, 1912. The specific name is that of a native Indian tribe, dwelling on the banks of the upper Caqueta.
22. Tipula miranha new species.
Size large (wing, 9, 25 mm. or over); color yellowish, thorax with three brown stripes, the median one bisected, abdomen brown or yellowish brown, with three darker brown lines on the tergum and a median one on the sternum, wings infumed with brownish yellow.
Sept., 1913.] ALEXANDER: CRANEFLIES FROM COLOMBIAN ANDES. 211
Female, length, 20-22 mm.; wing, 25-26.5 mm.
Palpi brown, frontal prolongation of the head rich orange yellow, brownish beneath; antennz with the scapal segments very small, dull yellow, flagellum broken; front, vertex and occiput orange yellow with a narrow, indistinct brown median line, sides of the vertex and the genz a little suffused with brown.
Pronotum dull yellow, a little brown on the sides and on the median line. Mesonotal prescutum dull brownish yellow with three dark brown lines, of which the median one is double, being bisected by a pale line, the median stripe is broadest in front, where it spreads out over the sclerite, narrowed » behind, the lateral stripes are much shorter, elongate oval; scutum dull brown- ish yellow, each lobe with two large brown spots; scutellum dull yellow, pale brown on the sides; postnotum dull yellow with a moderately broad pale brown median line and a rounded pale brown spot on either side in front. Pleure dull brownish yellow, becoming more brownish on the mesosternum. Halteres brown, paler at the extreme base. Legs, coxe yellowish brown, trochanters similar, femora light brownish yellow, the tip narrowly brown, tibie brown, the tips scarcely darker, tarsi brown. Wings with a pale brown suffusion, costal and subcostal cells more yellowish, stigma brown, veins yellowish brown. Venation as in Pl. 4, fig. 7.
Abdominal tergites yellowish brown, with a moderately broad median brown stripe which spreads out on the 6th and 7th segments, a broad, irregular lateral band near the margin of the tergites; sternites dull yellow, with a broad brownish median stripe. Ovipositor with the tergal valves very long and slender, flattened and rather gradually narrowed to the rather acute tips; sternal valves very short, extending only beyond the base of the tergal valves, the tips, viewed from the side, obtusely rounded.
Holotype, 2, Valle de las Papas, March 29, 1912.
Paratype, 2, with the type.
The specific name is that of a native Indian tribe, dwelling on the middle Putumayo River.
T. miranha is allied to T. paulseni Philippi (Chile) in its unmarked wings, color of the antenne, etc.; the thorax and abdomen are not gray or grayish, however.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Prats IV.
Upper figure, view in the Valle de las Papas, Colombia, showing the ‘paramo * conditions.
Lower figure, view in the ‘cloud’ forest, near the Valle de las Papas.
Photos by John Thomas Lloyd.
212 Journat New York Entomotocicar Society. [Vol. XXT-
PrateE V. Fig. 1. Wing of Dicranomyia cordillerensis n. sp. Fig. 2. Wing of D. elegantula n. sp. Fig. 3. Wing of D. longiventris n. sp. Fig. 4. Wing of Atarba columbiana n. sp. Fig. 5. Wing of Ertoptera andina n. sp. Fig. 6. Wing of Gonomyia andicola n. sp. Fig. 7. Wing of Oromyia lloydi n. sp. Fig. 8. Wing of Epiphragma cordillerensis n. sp. Fig. 9. Wing of Limnophila lloydi n. sp.
Puate VI.
Fig. 1. Hypopygium of Dicranomyia insignifica Alexander. Ventral aspect.
Fig. 2. Hypopygium of Dicranomyia longiventris n.sp. Ventral aspect. v — ventral pleural lobe; p= guard of the penis; f= 9th tergite from beneath.
Fig. 3. Hypopygium of Gonomyia andicola n. sp. Dorsal aspect. ¢—=oth tergite from above; p/ = pleura.
Fig. 4. Hypopygium of Molophilus perseus n. sp. Ventral aspect, show- ing the ventral edge of the pleura.
Fig. 5. Hypopygium of Molophilus perseus n. sp. Wentral aspect, show- ing the dorsal edge of the pleura.
Fig. 6. Hypopygium of Erioptera andina n. sp. Dorsal aspect. f= oth tergite from above.
Fig. 7. Hypopygium of Oromyia loydi n. sp. Ventral aspect. 8s = 8th sternite; 9s — oth sternite.
Fig. 8. Hypopygium of Oromyia loydi n. sp. Lateral aspect. 9s —=oth sternite; p/ = pleura.
Fig. 9. Hypopygium of Oromyia lloydi n. sp. Pleura and appendages.
Prate VII.
Fig. 1. Wing of Tipula miranha n. sp.
Fig. 2. Hypopygium of Tipula carizona n. sp. Lateral aspect. 8s —= 8th sternite; 9s oth sternite; p/ = pleura; 9 = oth tergite.
Fig. 3. Hypopygium of Tipula carizona n. sp. The penis and its vesicles.
Fig. 4. Hypopygium of Tipula carizona n. sp. The pleura and its ap- pendages from a ventro-lateral aspect.
Fig. 5. Wing of Pachyrhina alleni n. sp.
Fig. 6. Wing of Tipula mocoa n. sp.
Fig. 7. Wing of Tipula carizona n. sp.
Fig. 8. Hypopygium of Pachyrhina alleni.n. sp. Pleural appendages; o = outer appendage.
Journ.
N.
Vi
int. Soc.
Tipulidz
> LV:
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Wah, NOMS TEMS We —————
Tipulidze
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc Vol. XXT. Pl. VI
Tipulidae
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Vol. XXTI. Pl. VIL.
o) —-~ Ry
Tipulidae
[Reprinted from Psycur, Vol. XXI, No. 1]
NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN NEOTROPICAL HEXATOMINI (TIPULIDA, DIPTERA.)
By Cuas. P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.!
The following species were included in collections received for study from the American Museum of Natural History (Mr. Gross- beck); United States National Museum (Mr. Knab); Cornell University (Dr. Bradley); and the Muzeu Rocha (Senor Rocha). I express my sincere thanks to the above-named gentlemen for this and other favors received from them. The present paper deals with the Hexatomini, an extensive tribe of crane-flies, which reaches its maximum of specific development in the tropics. The study of these forms was conducted as research in Systematic Entomology at Cornell University under Dr. J. Chester Bradley, to whom I[ am indebted now, as before, for advice and many val- uable suggestions.
1 Entomological Laboratory, Cornell University.
34 Psyche [February
Eriocera Macquart. 1830. Caloptera Guerin; Voyage de la Coquille; Zodl.; pl. 205it. 12: 1838. FEriocera Macquart; Dipt. Exot.; vol. I, pt. 1; p. 74. 1838. Evanioptera Guerin; Voyage d’ la Coquille; Zodl.; vol. 2, pt. 2; p. 287. 1848. Pterocosmus Walker; List Dipt. Brit. Mus.; vol. I, p. 78. 1850. Allarithmia Loew.; Bernstein und Bernsteinfauna, p. 38. 1857. Oligomera Doleschall; Naturk. Tijds. v. Nederl. Ind.; vol. 14, p. 11. 1859. Arrhenica Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.; p. 242. 1859. Physecrania Bigot; Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.; p. 123; pl. 3, fig. 1. 1912. Androclosma Enderlein; Zobl. Jahrb; vol. 32, pt. 1, p. 34, fig. U, V.
Eriocera is one of the dominant genera of the crane-fly fauna in Neotropical countries. The key given below is based on a study of specimens of many of the species and a careful consideration of the original descriptions. It should, however, be supplemented by the original description wherever this is possible.
A Key to the Neotropical Species of Eriocera.
1. Wings dark colored with hyaline or yellowish cross-bands, or wings light col-
ored with darkcross-bands: <2. = s/ssracic syle os «siseictelalsiselseeietereleleisie ele 2 Wings, whether dark colored or not, uniform, or nearly so, in color, not cross- Banded cs sadssca SSieexcstrocer healers Shere er eet Tse eee Ee Tea mena ea Tage eee 18
2. Wings light-colored with three dark cross-bands, [small species; length, 2, 8'mm/]. /\(Rorto! Rico) \Sseascen ce saa eee ae trifasciata Réder* Wings dark colored with hyaline or yellowish cross-bands. ..............-... w
3: Head'dark:colored; notiredior yellow. a- ateiciier emilee edste ate tete ieee elena 4 Headtyellowish-orreddishin: ssc eae ee ee ee eee sot
4. Base of the wings pale; femora with the basal third and a ring at the second third yellow; first four abdominal segments bright yellow; head with a
yellowish-grey bloom. (Colombia.)...........-....-...- braconides End.2 Base of the wings dark; legs, abdomen (with the exception of the apical seg- ments of the 9) and head entirely black. (Guatemala.)... . magnifica, sp. n.
5. Lip: of thewing!darksicolored feiy.ivaryerasereisiirienis tele «etait te eee ee 6 Tip of the wing pale giving the wing the appearance of having an apical yellow cross-band. «(NorthiBrazil®)oe eerie eee eee perpulchra, sp. n.
6. Wings pale brown with a moderately narrow, hyaline band, whose distal edge is limited by the cord; a small brownish stigmal spot [antenne bright brown- ish-yellow; thoracic dorsum brownish-yellow with three greyish brown stripes; femora with middle third and apical quarter brown on a ochraceous-yellow ground], (Colombia, ©. cceci rites sees eee ioe virgulativentris End.*
Wings darker brown with the cross-band usually wider; stigma not distinct . . .7
1 Roder, V. von; Stett. Entomol. Zeitung; vol. 46, p. 338; 1885. 2 Enderlein, G.; Zo6l. Jahrbuch; vol. 32, pt. 1; p. 47, (f. B'); 1912. 3 Enderlein, G.; |. c.; p. 47, 48; (f. c4); 1912.
1914) Alexander—New or Little-known Neotropical Hexatomini 3o
7. Legs with the tibiz, at least the posterior ones, with a broad white ring. ....... 8 Perammnthontawnite: Danse mer atc sa teifdei @ aes A teint jsreretasiaisy «hela, «ave 9
8. Thorax uniformly black; [head and base of antenne uniformly fiery reddish- yellow; wing band yellow; anal cells a little less brown than rest of the brown Bard | eer Bravzill) 20 Seok irae co trveises agrcvorae Heh oe emerald tanioptera Wied.* Thorax not uniformly black, dorsum very faintly striped, pleura sooty-brown; {abdomen black; a scoriaceous, bluish-black band at the base of each seg- MEN Wa STALIN eee he rey ePe te stats. ao eM Pace ors cis caminaria Wied.’
9. Femora banded with yellow rings on a darker ground; [large, 9, length, 18 mm.; head yellowish-orange; first antennal segment brown; abdomen with seg- ments 2, 3, 4 and the terminal ones yellowish-orange, the others black]. (Brazil) eer rete eco tatcs sere Senter sora Amer es Gaaia wets fasciata Guer.*
Femora not banded with yellow rings; legs yellow, brown or black usually
darkening toward the tips of the segments..................-.0000005 10
10. Antenne entirely orange; [larger; 2, length 15 mm.; wing-bands pale yellow]. (C3307) Bela rie ocd Pit C SERN ere tron oi Oren PT ae ae ruficornis Macq." Antennx with only the scape orange, flagellum brown; [smaller; ? less than TOT Eee ae Bem ee ielad Antero icles Aepe ipirs See ee Mee 11
11. Thoracic dorsum blackish-grey trivittate with black; [wing band and anal cells ellowish | sae (oraz) Rees eee element ees alate ate sfaraetess melanacra Wied.’ Thoracic dorsum neither grey, nor trivittate with black.................. 12
12. Abdomen black, at base of each segment a shining, scoriaceous, bluish-black band. [This species is also included in couplet 8; Wiedemann does not mention white tibial bands, but specimens which Schiner determined as being caminaria had white on the tibie]. (Brazil.)............ caminaria Wied.*
Abdominal segments 2, 3, and sometimes 4, with at least the caudal margins whitish; bases of the segments usually reddish. (Northern S. America.) hs Send te ABB Arie eee longistyla Alex. (=erythrocephala Fabr.) preoce.s
18. Abdomen mostly yellowish or yellowish-brown, usually with a black band be-
fore tthe tip eric. cto cir cian ee “ASE Ce nis EO aaa acter Oo ee 14 Abdomen mostly black or blackish... .......... yHomlant ou seeded soe Fe 26
14aey brontalstupercle black or bigckishte, sje -c sic crise + 2 cies es ie wiae- alar 15 Brontalituberclesyellowishior reddish’. «--.as0.)a0-12 22 2-+- 2-0 -<ear ees 18
15. Thorax red between the pronotum and the suture, with a dark median line; {abdominal segments 6 and 7 black; wings pale brownish; co’, length, 15 ONT | ea MLEXICON) Series Meee A es cei aiepi as ee nts eneysire mesoxantha O. §.1°
Thorax yellow or reddish-yellow, without a dark median line............... 16
4 Wiedemann, J.; Aussereur. zweifl. Insekt; vol. I, p. 28; (Limnobia); 1828.
& Wiedemann, J.; 1. c.; vol. I, p. 31; (Limnobia); 1828.
6 Guerin, F. C.; Voyage de la Coquille.; Zo6l.; vol. 2, pt. 2; p. 287; pl. 20, f.2; (Eva nioptera); 1830.
7 Macquart, J.; Dipt. Exot.; vol. 1, pt. 2; p. 176, 177; (Cylindrotoma); 1838.
§ Wiedemann, J.; Aussereur. zweifl. Insekt; vol. I, p. 548; (Limnobia); 1828.
* Fabricius, J.; Syst. Antliar.; p. 31; (Tipula); 1805
139 Osten Sacken, C. R. R.; Biologia Centr. Americana; Dipt.; vol. I; p. 10; 1886.
36
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Psyche {February
Antenne with flagellum light yellow; thorax uniformly yellow; [abdomen with segments 3-7 with brown spots; wings brownish, lighter-colored in the interior of the cells]. (Mexico.)..............-....--ceee, flavida Will.
Antennz brown or black; thorax yellow with black lateral spots or stripes. . . .17
Antenne black; a large black spot on mesonotum aboye each wing; abdomen black excepting segments 1-4 and 9. (Mexico.)......... brunneipes Will.
Antenne brown; a short black stripe on each side of the mesonotum; abdominal segments 1-4 with a narrow posterior black band; remaining segments black excepting their yellowish bases. (Mexico.) rR eo OA na Ae SC willistont Alex. (=fasciata Will.) preoce.ts
Cell Ist M» far out toward the wing-margin, so that Cu: beyond this cell is shorter than Cui+ Ms; that portion of R: between cross-vein r and Se2, very thin, indistinct; [antenne of the @ very long, filiform, twice as long as the body]; “Bastern-Brazil) i... nt. incest bee see Mee macrocera, Sp. N.
Cell Ist M2 nearer to the wing root, so that Cu: beyond this cell is as long or longer than Cu:+ Ms; ; Ri between r and Sez equal to the remainder of R: in thickness; [antennze of the known o1’s short]............... 19, 23
Males with the frontal tubercle produced into slender horn-like points which are directed laterad; [abdomen with a subterminal black band]. (Bolivia.) spar ides lla) oid arabes 9b dls anew og) doetbote once aye asl atts eeanie eke eet chee tel eee cornigera, sp. 1.
Males (as known) with the frontal tubercle normal......................- 20
No conspicuous black subapical band on the abdomen; stigmal spot conspic- uous; {length about 19 mm; wing 17 mm.]. (British Guiana—Eastern Brazil.) FPA ODA ORO s.0 CONGO DOIIOOC UL SUG ed OOM ooL oY kaieturensis, sp. n.
A conspicuous sub-apical dark brown or black band on the abdomen. ....... . 21
Larger species; [length, 20 mm.; wing, 18 mm.; [Sc: longer than Se:]. (Ecuador.) Tee Bae Pome Mis eae oie oa staie Pee aie ee eet ohausiana End.
Smaller'species [length, 15 mm-or/less]y je syy-:cie +e» er-letsialeloicteteteietelsleleneeiet vale 22
Antenne brown; body coloration dull brownish-yellow. (Peru.) eee ee ete er AA AAO CAR en AROSE Ons Sar seb SOs peruviana, sp. n.
Antenne yellow; body coloration yellow and black. (Mexico—Costa Rica.)
Females (as known) without a subapical black band on the abdomen; [length 25-28 mm.; wing, 20-21 mm.]. (British Guiana—LFastern Brazil.) Be er ee APP A, oe on ae olsobe usocbo en kaieturensis, sp. n.
Females (as known) with a subapical black or blackish band on the abdomen. . 24
Mesonotum uniformly reddish-yellow; [antenne brown; wings tinged with brownish]; \(Honduras:)'*aracescn oh en aoe ne eee erie obsoleta Will.1¢
Mesonotum longitudinally striped. .................2502055 on aesn a 300 25
Scape of the antenne yellow; legs yellow, segments tipped with black; Sc. longer and more conspicuous than Se;. (Mexico—Costa Rica.) zonata O, 5.15
11 Williston, S.; Biologia Centr. Americana; (suppl.; Dipt.; vol. I); p. 227; 1900. 12 Williston, S.; l. ¢., p. 227; pl. 4, fig. 5; 1900.
13 Williston, S.; 1. c., p. 226; pl. 4, fig. 10; 1900.
1 Enderlein, G.; Zodl. Jahrbuch.; vol. 32, pt. 1; p. 45, 46; fig. At; 1912.
15 Osten Sacken, C. R. R.; Biologia Cent. Amer.; Dipt., vol. I, p. 10; 1886.
16 Williston, S.; Biologia Cent. Amer.; Dipt.; vol. I (suppl.); p. 227; 1900.
——————————
.
1914) Alexanler—New or Litile-known Neotropical Hexatomini ral
Scape of the antenne brownish-black; legs blackish-brown except base of fore
‘femur; Sc: shorter than Sc:. (Mexico.)............+.-5+ townsendi, sp. ©.
26. Color metallic blue with head orange-red. (Panama.)........ lessepsi O. S. Colon nOppMeLAlic| bl US mrwestet re RP otis ates sie nietsis tts = wakercs sjajsie vase 27
em UNOLACIC DIeeSCUCUMTER taere He cite sts enya fale on ta delcyesefo alc) e eis ie ciehelvies 28 POP ACC OTeeSCULUNIN DIACK a gate feel ohede sacl elane ota oteh nein sjet ey efal steel = oNaterets)e/o/\2 29
28. Frontal tubercle red; scutellum black. (Mewico.)......... haemorrhoa O. S.8 Frontal tubercle black; scutellum red. (Guatemala.)......... erythraa O. 8. SOmshrontautubercleorang essen clacton le ctace iaoeeecie araltel-leleic lo ov ohsik' a> 30 Rrontalituberc] esblackae eae ste crs -slsrletes cise ate alee ale ose) +) fale fava! aiajavelele\ $1
$0. Abdominal segments 3-5 with basesred dish. (Mexico.)......, gracilis O. $.2 Abdominal segments altogether black. (Colombia.).........macquarti End»
31. Wings luteous, blackish toward the tips. (South America.) chrysoptera Walk Vis ro Gili) Bra NRINE Gee Shan er.8ohe Hanae inner ob ecoche TOO GUdUUOD OSoT 82
$2. Wings brown, darker along costa; cells uniform; wings not reddish-yellow at Passes VICKICO.) aren 9 eee Seneca eta cio ac eos _pretiosa O. S28 Wings brown, either reddish-yellow at base or else with hyaline in some of the Gale. eid Ae ean unbid acer moRest dodiing MoS aod Sonic eran canes ator 33
33. Wings a little reddish-yellow at base. (Brazil.)............... nigra Wied.*
Wings blackish, some of the cells with nearly hyaline streaks. (South America.) SN te eS Tose ete oer Hctefareis ee aye abciewciays ........tenebrosa Walk.?s
The following species are not included in the above key:
Penthoptera fuliginosa Schiner;® (Colombia) shining pitch- black; femora with a broad yellowish-red ring immediately beyond the base; head, antenne and palpi black; wings tinged with brown, more saturated on costal margin. Osten Sacken, (Studies on Tipulide, pt. 2, p. 224), suggests that this is an Eriocera.
Limnobia flaviceps Wied.;2’ (Brazil) thorax and abdomen black, forehead fiery yellow; antennz black. Venation (PI. 6 b; fig. 10) like Eriocera but cell Rz very short.
Eriocera magnifica sp. nov.
Dark brownish-black including the head; wings dark with a broad pale yellow postmedian band.
17 Osten Sacken, C. R.; Biologia Cent. Amer.; Dipt.; vol. I, p. 13; 1886.
18 Osten Sacken, C. R.; ibid.; p. 11.
19 Osten Sacken, C. R.; 1. .
20 Osten Sacken, C. R.; I. c.; p. 12.
2 Enderlein, G.; Zo6l. Jahrb.; vol. 32, pt. I; p. 45; 1912.
2 Walker, F.; Insecta Saundersiana; vol. I; p. 438; (Limnobia); 1856.
2 Osten Sacken, C. R. R.; Biol. Cent-Amer.; Dipt.; vol. I, p. 12; 1886.
24 Wiedemann, J.; Aussereur. zweifl. Insekt.; vol. I, p. 27; (Limnobia); 1828. 25 Walker, F.; Insecta Saundersiana; vol. I, p. 439, 440; (Limnobia); 1856. 2) Schiner; Reise Novara; p. 42. (Penthoptera); 1868.
27 Wiedemann, Aussereur. zweifl. Insekt; vol. I, p. 550; (Limnobia); 1828.
38 Psyche [February
&, Length, 14 mm.; wing, 12.4 mm.; antenne about 3.8 mm. Fore leg, fem. 7.6 mm.; tibia, 9.7 mm.; tarsus 1, 4.9; 2-5, 4.1 mm. Middle leg, fem. 9 mm.; tibia, 9.6 mm. Hind leg, fem. 9.8 mm.; tibia, 11.8 mm. 9, Length, 21 mm.; wing, 16.3 mm.; antennz about 5 mm. Fore leg, fem. 9.9 mm.; tibia, 10.6 mm.; tarsus, 8.4 mm. Middle leg, fem. 11.4 mm.; tibia, 10.9 mm. Hind leg, fem. 12.8 mm.; tibia, 13 mm.
o&, Rostrum and palpi dark brown; antenna, two basal segments brown; flagel- lum very dark brownish-black. Front, vertex and occiput deep brown. Frontal tubercle moderately broad, deeply notched.
Thoracic dorsum dark brownish-black without distinct stripes; pleurae more brownish. Legs and halteres dark brownish-black.
Wings (fig. 7) brown with a broad light yellow band slightly beyond the middle, its outer margin just distad of the cord.
Abdominal tergum, basal half shiny, apical half dull black. 9, similar to @ but larger and the genital segment reddish. Paratype paler and evidently newly- emerged; same place and date as the allotype.
Holotype, &@. Trece Aguas, Cacao, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala. April 5. (Schwarz and Barber.) Allotype, 2 same locality and collector as the o, April 9. Paratype, 2 with the allotype. Types in the U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Paratype in the author’s collection.
In its blackish head, magnifica agrees most closely with braconides Enderlein (Zoél. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. I; p. 47; fig. Bt; 1912) of Colombia; the remaining species with banded wings have the head conspicuously orange or yellow. Braconides differs very notably in its pale wing-basis, light bloom on the head, different leg-pattern, ete.
Eriocera perpulchra sp. nov.
Head reddish; frontal tubercle notched; wings yellow with two brown bands. &, Length, 20.8 mm.; wing, 16.6 mm.; abdomen about 16 mm.; Antenne 3.2 mm. Middle leg, femora, 10.4 mm.; tibia 11 mm.; tarsus 8.3 mm. Hind leg, femora, 11.8 mm.; tibia 13.6 mm.; tarsus about 8 mm.
o, Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne, segments 1-2, orange-yellow; segment 3, yellow basally, passing into dark brown at the tip; remaining segments dark brownish-black. Front, vertex and occiput bright orange, rather obscured posteriorly. Frontal tubercle very broad, truncated in front and broadly notched.
Pronotum very dark brown. Mesonotum, prascutum, medially broadly dull chocolate-brown with three narrow darker lines, one median, the other two on the sides of the broad median band, these dark vittse becoming indistinct behind; sides of the sclerite anterior to the pseudosuture brighter, orange; sides of the preescutum behind, dark colored; scutum, scutellum and postnotum dark brownish-black. Pleure dark brown, rather lighter colored on the ventral sclerites. Halteres, stem
1914) Alexander—New or Little-known Neotropical Hexatomini 39
brown, basally, darkening to brownish-black on the knob. Legs: cox and tro- chanters dark brown; femora dull brownish-yellow, tip broadly dark brown, an indistinet broad darker median band; tibiwe and tarsi brown, the former lighter colored basally.
Wings: pale light yellow; a broad brown basal band filling in the space from slightly beyond cross-vein } to beyond the origin of R,; a second brown band filling in the space from the cord to the tip of Ri, down to the end of Cur. Venation (see fig. 8): Se rather short, ending opposite cross-vein r-m before the middle of Re+3; eross-vein r about equal to that portion of R» proximad of it; Rs long.
Abdominal tergites reddish-brown, segments 6-7 rather darker, brown; segments 8-9, reddish. Sternites reddish-brown.
Holotype, Savannah, North Brazil. August 22, 1911. (Crampton.) Type in American Museum of Natural History.
Eriocera longistyla Alex.
1805. Tipula erythrocephala Fabricius; Syst. Antliar.; p. 31 (non T. erythro~ cephala DeGeer. 1776). 1821. Limnobia erythrocephala Wiedemann; Dipt. Exot.; vol. 1, p. 17. 1828. Limnobia erythrocephala Wiedemann; Aussereur. zweifl. Ins.; vol. I, p. 30. 1838. Cylindrotoma erythrocephala Macquart; Dipt. Exot.; vol. I, pt. I., p. 67. 1866. Eriocera erythrocephala Schiner; Verh. Zol. bot. Ges. Wien.; vol. 16, p. 929.
1868. Eriocera erythrocephala Schiner; Novara Reise; Dipt.; p. 41.
1869. Eriocera erythrocephala Osten Sacken; Monographs Dipt. N. Am.; vol. 4; p. 248.
As I have shown elsewhere, the Tipula erythrocephala of Fabricius is homonymous with DeGeer’s species and I have renamed it as above.
I have before me five specimens of this handsome little form, as follows:
(1) &@, Waratuk, Upper Potaro R.; July 15, 1911. (Crampton.)
(2) &, Upper Potaro R.; July 17, 1911. (Crampton.)
(3) @ 2, Tukeit, Upper Potaro R.; July 24, 1911. (Lutz.) (in cop.)
(5) 2, Tukeit, Upper Potaro R.; July 24, 1911. (Lutz.)
I am including a few additional details in regard to measurements and coloration:
o, Length, 9.1-10.3 mm.; wing, 9.9-10.4 mm, ¢, Length, 10.8-11 mm.; wing, 10.3-10.9 mm.
First and second antennal segments of the same bright orange color as the dorsum of the head; flagellum of antenne and the palpi dark brown.
Mesonotal preescutum dark brown covered with a thick yellowish bloom which is less intense on the cephalic margin of the sclerite; three broad dorsal stripes, very indistinct. The thoracic dorsum, viewed with the naked eye, appears pearly- yellow; scutum and scutellum similar to the prescutum; postnotum darker brown, less pruinose. Wing shown in fig. 6.
Abdominal tergites, segment 1 very dark brown, only the extreme margin orange; segment 2 light orange-yellow, with a dark brown postmedian band; segment 3 orange, more yellowish on the anterior and posterior margins; segment 4, dark brownish-black, anterior quarter orange; segments 5-7 deep black, 8 and hypopy- gium orange. Sternites about as in the tergites; the lateral line dark on 2nd and
40 Psyche [February
$rd segments. The last specimen listed above (9) is similar but the abdominal tergum has the basal three-fourths of segments 1-3 almost black, the apical quarter yellowish. The Q, in cop, has the first abdominal tergite black.
The specimens are in the American Museum of Natural History with the excep- tion of specimen No. 2, in the author’s collection.
Eriocera macrocera sp nov.
Head reddish-yellow; antenne of the & twice as long as the body; the section of Cu: beyond the outer end of cell Ist M2 is shorter than the fused portion of Cw: and M:.
3, Wing, length, 8.3 mm.; breadth at widest point, 2.5 mm. Front, vertex and occiput bright orange-yellow; antennz very long, brown.
Thorax and abdomen, brown. Wings witha slight brownish tinge; stigma darker brown, large but ill-defined; veins C, Sc and R rather yellowish; remaining veins brown. Venation (see fig. 4). Costa incrassated between ends of Se: and Ri 5 Se: near the tip of Sei; the portion of R: between Se: and cross-vein r, delicate, indistinct; Rs strongly arcuated at origin; R2+s nearly twice as long as that por- tion of R» before cross-vein 7; the portion of Cu; beyond the outer end of cell Ist Mz is shorter than the fused portion of Cu: and Ms; instead of distinctly longer as in all short-antenneed forms known to me; in other words, cell Ist M: (discal) is very far out toward the wing margin.
Holotype, c?, Igarapé-assii, Pari, Brazil. January 30, 1912. (H. S. Parish.) Type in Cornell University Collection.
The only South American Eriocera, so far deseribed, with elon- gate antenne in the male. From the related Northern species, E. longicornis Walk., it differs in its reddish head and body-color. The type-specimen is not at hand and a more detailed description will be given later.
Eriocera cornigera sp. nov.
Frontal tubercle of the male produced into long, slender points; abdomen with a subterminal black band; general color yellow.
o, Length, 12.8 mm.; wing 11.6 mm.; antennz nearly 4 mm. Middle leg, femora, 8.2 mm.; tibia, 8.8 mm. Hind leg, femora, 9.4 mm.; tibia, 10.7 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark, blackish; antenne, first two segments brownish-yellow; third bright yellow; remaining segments dark brownish-black. Front brownish- yellow; vertex and occiput brownish-yellow, greyish near the eyes; frontal tubercle brighter, orange-yellow. Frontal tubercle extended into two elongate, pointed tubercles.
Pronotum prolonged into rather long obtuse points at the antero-lateral angles, brown. Mesonotum, praescutum, median line tawny; a large, dark brown stripe beginning near the cephalic margin, narrowing behind and gradually converging to near the suture. To either side of this, near the middle of the sclerite, begins a broad stripe which runs to the suture; ground color of the sclerite yellow. Scutum
a
1914] Alexander—New or Liitle-known Neotropical Hexatomini 41
largely brown, tawny in the middle; scutellum and post-scutum tawny; postnotum tawny. Pleure yellowish-tawny; sternum light yellow. Halteres tawny, knobs rather darker. Legs brownish-yellow, scarcely darker at the apices of the segments.
Wings: cells C and Se tinged with yellow, rest of wing greyish; stigma very indis- tinct, rounded. Venation (see fig. 3.). Sc rather long, ending just beyond the level of cross-vein r-m; Sc: longer and much stronger than Sc: which is reduced in size and simulates a cross-vein (as in zonata O. S.); R. very long, nearly straight; R2+s long; cross-vein r oblique, inserted on R: just beyond the fork.
Abdominal segments 1-5, light yellow; 6-7 deep brownish black; hypopygium broken.
Holotype &@. Songo, Bolivia. (Received from Staudinger-Bang-Haas). Type in author's collection.
Eriocera kaieturensis sp. nov.
Large species (wing 17-21 mm.); head yellow; thoracic dorsum striped; legs with a broad subapical yellow band; wings with an indistinct yellowish band before the cord, stigma distinct.
&, Length, about 19 mm.; wing, 17 mm.; antenne about 4 mm. Hind leg, femur, 11.4 mm.; tibia, 11.5 mm.; tarsus, 7.4 mm. 2, Length, about 25 mm.; wing, 20.8 mm. Middle leg, femur, 11 mm.; tibia, 10.9 mm.; tarsus, 8.9 mm. Hind leg, femur, 14.3 mm.; tibia, 14.8 mm; tarsus, 8.3 mm.
o@, Rostrum and palpi brown; antennz short, segments 1 and 2 bright orange, remaining segments brown. Front, vertex and occiput bright orange-yellow.
Mesonotal prascutum light yellowish-brown pollinose with a broad darker brown median stripe, broadest in front, narrowed to a point near the suture, this broad band including a narrow, dark brown, median line; two broad lateral stripes of the same brown color on either side, beginning behind the pseudo-suture, con- tinuing back across the suture onto the scutal lobes; scutum light yellowish-brown, each lobe brown medially, a continuation of the lateral priescutal stripes; scutellum light brownish-yellow. Pleurze darker brown dorsally, beneath much paler, yellowish. Halteres, stem dull yellow, knob brown. Legs: coxe and trochanters orange-yellow, the latter with a narrow black line; femora yellow, darkened at the tip and indistinctly and breadly darker beyond the middle producing a yellow subapical band; tibie dull yellow; tarsi dull yellow, each segment tipped with brown. Wings: of a pale yellow color, this color rather darker, more greyish, beyond the cord and near the base of the wing; stigma conspicuous, but not dark, brown, occupying the end of cell 1st R:; veins brownish-yellow. Venation as in figure 1.
Abdominal tergum, segments rich yellowish-brown, darker apically; segments 5 and 6 darker; lateral margin of the tergites dark brownish-black, producing a dark lateral abdominal line; sternum yellow.
©, Quite as in the c’, but larger.
Holotype, co. Kaietur Falls, Potaro R.; British Guiana. August 8, 1911. (F. E. Lutz.) Allotype, @. Savanna, North Brazil. August 20,1911. (Cramp- ton.) Paratype, 9. Ceara, East Brazil. (Senor D. Rocha.) Holotype and Allotype in American Museum of Natural History. Paratype in Muzeu Rocha, Ceara, Brazil.
42 Psyche [February
The paratype differs from the type @ and @ in having the first flagellar segment of the antenne tipped with black, the wings more unicolorous; and femora without the broad indistinct yellow band. I believe that the specimen is merely a variant of the typical species. (Length, almost 28 mm.; wing, 21 mm.)
Eriocera peruviana sp. nov.
General color dull brown; frontal tubercle orange.
&, Length, 11.8 mm.; wing, 11.2 mm.; antennz about 2 mm. Middle leg, fem., 8 mm.; tibia, 8.8 mm. Hind leg, fem., 8.9 mm.; tibia, 10.2 mm.
Rostrum and palpi yellowish, the latter rather more brownish. Antenne very short, brown; basal segments lighter colored. Frontal tubercle and region imme- diately behind it rich orange-yellow; frontal tubercle deeply furrowed. Remainder of front, vertex and occiput rich brown.
Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotum, preescutum, ground color light brownish- yellow; cephalic margin dark brown, continued backward as a stripe on either side of the narrow median line; a short brownish stripe on sides; scutum, scutellum and postnotum brownish-yellow. Pleurs yellowish-white, a broad darker band extending from the root of the wings to the cervical sclerites. Halteres light brown. Legs: light brown, uniform. Wings: cells C and Se brownish-grey, remainder of wings clearer grey. Venation (see fig. 5): Se strong, Sc: remote from tip of Sci; Re+3; more or less on a level with Rs.
Abdomen dull yellowish brown; sub-terminal three segments darker; hypo- pygium reddish-brown.
Holotype, o. Callanga, Peru. (Received from Staudinger-Bang-Haas). Type in author’s collection.
Eriocera townsendi sp. nov.
Frontal tubercle orange-yellow; scape of antenne dark brown; legs black. @, Length, 18 mm.; wing, 13.6 mm. Fore leg, femora, 6.3 mm.; tibia, 7.3 mm. Middle leg, femora, 7.8 mm.; tibia, 7.2 mm. Hind leg, femora, 9.1 mm; tibia, 9.5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown; scape of the antenne dark brown, apice of segment one pale, silvery; segments 3 to 5, yellowish-orange; remaining antennal segments darkening to brown. Frontal tubercle moderately prominent and rather deeply notched, rich orange-yellow; sides of the vertex behind the eyes brown.
Mesonotal praescutum with a broad deep brown median stripe, margined with a narrow deep black line and divided by a narrow median line of the same black color; the lateral black stripe is forked near the pseudo-suture, the caudal branch ending at the pseudosutural fovea; sides of the sclerite somewhat brighter brown; scutum, lobes brown, blacker on the cephalic margin; scutellum and middle line of the scutum orange; postnotum dark brown laterally, broadly dull yellow medially. Pleure dark brown. Halteres deep brown, base of the stem a little paler. Legs: coxze and trochanters deep brown except the fore trochanter which is dull yellow;
1914) Alexander—New or Little-known Neotropical Hexatomini 45,
fore leg with basal quarter of femur conspicuously yellow, abruptly darkening to brownish-black; tibiae and tarsi dark brownish black; middle and hind legs uni- formly very dark brown. Wings almost uniformly brown; cells C and Sc a little darker colored. Venation: Sc long, Se: much longer and more distinct than Ses; Ris rather long, a little longer than R: beyond cross vein r and about three times as long as R: between the fork of R2+s and r.
Abdominal tergum, segments 1-4, orange-yellow; 5, extreme base orange-yellow; remainder of 5th and 6 and 7, deep velvety-black; genital segment orange. Ster- num similarly colored but duller.
Holotype, @. Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico. Hd. R. Piedras Verdes. Alt. about 7,300 ft. (Coll. C. H. T. Townsend.) Type in U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
This species is closest to zonata O. S. but I cannot make the two descriptions agree. The basal segments of the antenne in townsendi are very dark brown; there is more black on the abdo- men; the legs are not yellow (except base of fore femora) but dark brown. The peculiar course of Sc, in zonata, apparently ending in radius rather than in costa does not obtain in the new species, where Sc; ends in costa, Se; being about twice as long as Sc.
Eriocera erythrza Osten Sacken. 1886. Eriocera erythrea Osten Sacken; Biol. Cent. Amer.; Dipt. vol. I, p. 11-
One 2 from Cacao, Alta Vera Paz. April 12, 1906. (Schwarz and Barber).
The mesonotal praescutum shows indications of darker brownish stripes of which the median is more double. Venation: Sc long, Se: strong, ending about opposite the fork of R:+s; Sc: weak, much shorter than Sc:. Rs almost in a line with R2+3; R; before cross-vein r a little less than one-half of R»+3; cross-vein r a little more than one-half of R: before it; basal deflection of Cu: under the middle of cell 1st Mz. The specimen is in the U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
Eriocera gracilis Osten Sacken. 1886. Eriocera gracilis Osten Sacken; Biol. Cent. Amer.; Dipt. vol. I, p. 12+
One <, Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico. Hacienda R- Piedras Verdes. Alt. about 7,300 ft. Coll. C. H. T. Townsend. Specimen in U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
The mesonotal prescutal greyish on dorsum, with three black stripes of which the median one is broadest in front, narrowed to a point near the suture; the lateral stripes which lie on the sides of the dorsal triangle are connected on the anterior margin of the sclerite with the median stripe; the sides of the praescutum are more yellowish than the grey dorsal triangle; scutum and scutellum, as well as the postnotum deep, rich brown. Venation: Sc rather short, ending far before the
44 Psyche {February
fork of Rzs; Sc: much shorter than Se: but strong, in a line with the cord of the wing; R:-; long, as long as R: alone; cross-vein r about as long as that portion of R: between it and the fork of R2+s; basal deflection of Cu: as near to the fork of M as to the middle of cell Ist M:. .
Penthoptera Schiner.
1863. Penthoptera Schiner; Wiener Entomol. Monatsschr.; vol. 7, p. 220. 1869. Penthoptera Osten Sacken; Monographs Dipt. N. Am.; vol. 4, p. 256. A Key to the American Species of Penthoptera.
1. Small (wing less than § mm.); mesothoracie praescutum with the ground color obscured by a greyish or bluish pruinosity, dorsal stripes not distinct; | metatarsi of the legs white; cell M, of the wings present, i. e., Mi and M; separate at the wing-margin. (Eastern U.S.) .........--- albitarsis O. S.2
Large (wing more than 9 mm.); mesothoracie prescutum yellowish with four shining blackish marks; metatarsi of fore and middle legs more or less brown; cell M, of the wings lacking, i. e., Mi and M:; fused to the wing-margin. (Guatemala.). ...< 25 ¢<t= nes eee a eee conjuncta, sp. 1.
The new species described below is a typical member of the genus Penthoptera as defined by Osten Sacken (Monographs, 1. c., p. 256, 257). It agrees with albitarsis O. S. of Eastern North America, and chirothecata Scop. of Central and Southern Europe, in its snowy-white tarsi, a character not yet found in Eriocera, so far as I can discover. It differs from these two species, and comes closest to cimicoides Scop. of Central and Southern Europe in the lack of cell M, of the wings; from the last-mentioned species, it differs in tarsal and body-coloration, ete.
Mr. F. W. Edwards, in his recent comprehensive paper on the Seychelles Tipulide, has questioned the generic validity of Penthoptera. The group is, indeed, founded on rather trivial characters, but these, as defined by Osten Sacken, are numerous and apply very well to the typical group of species. Penthoptera fuliginosa Schiner, the only form ever described by the founder of the genus was considered by Osten Sacken to be a species of Eriocera. In case Penthoptera is reduced in rank, Schiners fuli- ginosa will require renaming.
Penthoptera conjuncta sp. nov.
Thoracic dorsum yellowish with four dark marks; tarsi white; cell M, absent. o, Length, 9.5 mm.; wing, 9.8 mm. 2, Length, 10.6 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
2Qsten Sacken, Monographs, vol. 4, p. 257, 258. See Needham, 23rd Rept, N. Y-. State Entomologist for 1907, plate 12, figure I, for photo of wing.
2? Edwards, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.; 2nd series, Zodlogy; vol. 15, pt- 2; Sept. 1912. The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905—No. 14—Diptera, Tipulide; p- 195-214; pl. 10-11.
Psrcue, 1914.
Vou. XXI, Puate IV.
Alexander—Neotropical Hexatomini
1914] Alexander—New or Little-known Neotropical Hexatomini 45
Rostrum and palpi brown; scape of antenna light yellowish-brown, the basal segment slightly darker than the second segment; flagellum broken. Front, vertex and occiput dark-colored, thickly bluish-grey pruinose. Frontal tubercle prominent, not notched.
Mesonotum yellowish-brown, shiny, a narrow deep brown line on either side of the broad dorsal median portion, beginning above the pseudosutural region, nar- rowing behind and ending before the transverse suture: a large rounded brown spot on the sides of the sclerite before the transverse suture; scutum, scutellum and postnotum yellowish-brown with a faint greyish bloom; a rounded darker brown spot on the lateral lobes of the latter. Pleura very light yellow, a large rounded brown spot on the mesopleure underneath the wing-root and less distinct spots on the propleure and cervical sclerites forming an interrupted dorso-pleural band. Halteres deep brown. Legs: cox and trochanters light yellow; femora yellowish-brown, extreme tip darker brown; tibisee brown; fore metatarsus brown on basal two-fifths, remaining portions of fore tarsi pure white except the last segment which is brownish; middle leg, with the basal third of the metatarsus brown; metatarsus of the hind legs entirely white. Wings: subhyaline or slightly tinged with darker, especially toward the tip; veins dark brown. Venation, see figure 2.
Abdominal tergum with the segments dark brown; segment 1 pallid at base, darker apically; extreme margin of segments 2-6 pallid; 7-8, not pale at tip; o& hypopygium reddish-brown; sternites dull yellow.
Holotype, o’. Patalue, Guatemala, Central America. 700 ft. (Dr. G. Eisen.) Allotype, 2, with the type. Received at the National Museum, January 6, 1903. Type in U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll.; allotype in author's collection.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.
The figures are all drawn to scale by means of a projection microscope. Fig. 1. Eriocera kaieturensis sp. nov.; wing.
Fig. 2. Penthoptera conjuncta sp. nov.; wing. Fig. 3. Eriocera cornigera sp. nov.; wing. Fig. 4. Eriocera macrocera sp. noy.; wing. Fig. 5. Eriocera peruviana sp. nov.; wing. Fig. 6. Eriocera longistyla Alex; wing.
Fig. 7. Eriocera magnifica sp. nov.; wing. Fig. 8. Eriocera perpulchra sp. noy.; wing.
(Reprinted from JouRNAL oF THE NEw YoRK ENTOMOLOGICAL Socrety, Vol. XXII, No. 2, June, rorq.]
THE CRANEFLIES COLLECTED IN COSTA RICA BY DR. P. P. CALVERT. (TIPULIDA, DIPTERA).
By Cwartes P. ALEXANDER, Irnaca, N. Y.
While collecting the dragonfly material for the Biologia Centrali- Americana, Dr. P. P. Calvert secured a very considerable number of specimens of other orders of insects. A few of the craneflies that were taken have been considered by the author in other papers.t The majority of the new forms have been left for this paper, however, and a complete list of the material secured is herein included. The crane- flies of the collection form a small but interesting lot and I am in- debted to Dr. Calvert and to Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., for the privilege of studying these forms. The type-material is in the collection of the American Entomological Society at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
1 Vide Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., Vol. 8, Oct., 1912; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 44, No. 1966, Apr., 1913.
Tale JournaL New York Entomotocicar Socrery, [Vol. XXL
Supramity LIMNOBINE. Tribe LIMNOBINI.
Genus DICRANOMYIA Stephens.
Dicranomyia omissa Alexander.
One male and one female specimen from near Cartago, C. R., altitude 5,000 feet. They were taken on Dec. 15, 1909, over mud on the south slope of Irazu, by Dr. P. P. Calvert. One female from the Rio Siquiares, Turrucares, C. R., on Dec. 19, 1909. The specimens from Irazu are much larger than the type but undoubtedly belong to this same species.
Genus RHIPIDIA Meigen.
Subgenus Conorhipidia new subgenus.
I propose this new subgeneric term for those species of the genus in which the mesonotal prescutum is produced dorsad into a promi- nent conical protuberance. Two species are known to me, conica Alexander, which is the type of the subgenus, and the smaller form described below as punctipennis.
Rhipidia (Conorhipidia) punctipennis new species.
Thoracic mesonotum produced into a conical point; wings with dark mark- ings small and sparse.
Female, length, 5.3-5.6 mm.; wing, 6.8 mm.
Female—Rostrum and palpi dark brown; the antenne light brown with pale hairs, the petioles of each segment pale. Head light gray.
Pronotum and cervical sclerites brown. Mesonotal prescutum with a con- spicuous conical protuberance as in the subgenus; pale yellow in front, rich brown behind the conical point; scutum, scutellum and postnotum brown. Pleure light yellow, except the meso- and meta-pleure above the coxa, which are brown; a shiny brown spot before the root of the wing and another near the stigma. MHalteres pale, the knob scarcely darker. Legs, fore coxe yellow, hind and middle coxe brown; trochanters, femora and tibie light yellow, the tarsi a little more darkened. Wings pale yellowish hyaline with a few scattered brown dots as follows: one at the origin of Rs; one on crossvein 7; one at the base of R 4 + 5; one at the fork of Cu on Cui 1, indistinct dots at the tips of the veins; a rounded brown spot before the tip of 2d anal. Venation as in fig. 1.
Abdomen yellowish brown with a row of about five brown marks on the pleure, the most anterior of which is very small, rounded.
Holotype, 9, Rio Siquiares, Turrucares, C. R., alt., 2,200 ft.; Aug. 14, ’09; (Dr. P. P. Calvert).
Paratype, 9, with the type.
———e -«
.
June, 1914.] ALEXANDER: CRANEFLIES From Costa Rica. 118
Type in the collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.; the paratype in the author’s collection. The shape of the thorax, from the side, is shown in Fig. 10.
Rhipidia (Arhipidia) domestica Osten Sacken.
One male and two females from near Cartago, C. R., altitude 5,000 ft.; Dec. 15, ’09; they were taken on the south slope of Irazu, over mud. One male from Cartago, Oct. 27, ’o9.
Rhipidia (Rhipidia) calverti Alexander.
The type, a male, was taken at Bonnefil farm, Rio Surubres, C. R., alt. 700 feet; Oct. 29, ’o9, by Dr. Calvert. Rhipidia (Rhipidia) costalis Williston.
One very small female of this species from Rio Siquiares, Tur- rucares, C. R., alt. 2,200 ft., Aug. 14, ‘09. This is the first representa- tive of the species that I have seen and a figure of its venation is herein included (Fig. 2). The basal deflection of Cu, is at the fork of M as in this group of species.
Genus GERANOMYIA Haliday. Geranomyia tristis Loew. Two specimens, one of each sex, from Cache, C. R., Mar. 3, ‘Io. Geranomyia sp. One female from Alajuela, C. R., alt. 3,100 ft., Sept. 15, ‘09. The specimen is of a small reddish form with hyaline wings but the condi- tion of the material forbids closer determination.
Tribe ANTOCHINI. Genus TEUCHOLABIS Osten Sacken.
Teucholabis trifasciata Enderlein.
One female of this species from Alajuela, C. R., alt. 3,100 ft., Sept. 15, 09. As I have indicated in another paper, this species is the same as the Limnobia bifasciata of Fabricius.
Genus TOXORHINA Loew.
Toxorhina centralis Alexander. One female from Cache, C. R., near a stagnant pool, bank of the Rio Reventazon; Mar. Io, ’Io.
1 See Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., Vol. 8, Oct. 1912, p. 8-10, fig. d and h.
119 Journat New York Entomotogicar Society, (Vol. XXII.
Tribe ErtopTerini. Genus RHABDOMASTIX Skuse. Subgenus Rhabdomastix Skuse.
Rhabdomastix (Rhabdomastix) septentrionalis, new species.
Antenne of the male very long; color of the body dark brown; the stigmal spot of the wings pale.
Male, length, 6 mm.; wing, 7 mm.; antennz (only twelve segments remain- ing) 15.5 mm.
Male.—Antennz with the basal segment very large, light brown, flagellum yellowish brown. Head brown with a light gray bloom. :
Mesonotum dark brown, the pseudosutural fovea not conspicuous; scutum, scutellum and postnotum light brown. Pleure light brown with a sparse gray- ish bloom. Halteres pale yellow. Legs, coxe, brown with a sparse gray bloom, trochanters dull yellow, femora dull yellow, tibie light brown, tarsi brown. Wings light gray, stigma oval, gray, rather indistinct, veins dark brown. Vena- tion (see fig. 3): R 2+ 3, long, rather longer than vein R 2 alone.
Abdomen dark brown, the apical margins of the sclerites paler, brown; hypopygium yellowish.
Holotype, male, Alajuela, C. R.: alt. 3,100 ft.; Sept. 15, og (Dr. P. P. Calvert).
Type in the collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.
Related to R. (R.) illudens Alexander (Bolivia)* but much smaller and dark brown in color, the thorax not clear gray with prominent pseudosutural fovee. This is the most northerly repre- sentative of the subgenus yet made known.
Genus GNOPHOMYIA Osten Sacken.
Gnophomyia subhyalina Alexander. One female from Alajuela, C. R., alt., 3,100 ft., on Sept. 15, ‘09, by Dr. Calvert. Genus MOLOPHILUS Curtis.
Molophilus orion, new species.
Antenne of the male moderately long; ventral appendage of the hypo- pygium in the shape of a long, paddle-like arm densely clothed with a brush of hairs on its inner face.
Male, length, 3.8 mm.; wing 4.4 mm.
Female, length, 4.4 mm.; wing 5 mm.
Male——Rostrum and palpi brown; antennz rather short, if bent back- ward not extending beyond the wing-root; the flagellar segments oval; an- tennz brown covered with a dense pale pubescence; head grayish brown.
1Ent. News, 1914, Vol. XXV, pp. 210, 211; pl. 9, fig. 6.
June, 1914.) ALEXANDER: CRANEFLIES From Costa RICA. 120
Mesonotal prescutum grayish brown, the pseudosutural foveer prominent, elongate, reddish brown; scutum, scutellum, postnotum and pleure grayish brown. Halteres rather long, uniform light yellow. Legs, coxe and trochanters yellowish brown, femora and tibiz similar, the tips of the individual segments not infuscated, tarsi brown. Wings rather uniform light yellow, the veins pale. Venation as in fig. 4.
Abdomen brown. Hypopygium about as in other species of the genus except the ventral appendage (see fig. 9) which here is long and slender, chitinized heavily, and having its inner or cephalic margin provided with a long dense brush of hairs. The anal lobe is provided with a dense covering of long pale hairs.
Female, similar but larger.
Holotype, male, Alajuela, C. R., alt. 3,100 ft., Sept. 15, ‘og (Dr. P. P. Calvert).
Allotype, female, with the type.
Types in the collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.
The numerous species of Molophilus bear a great superficial re- semblance to one another and most of the species can only be sep- arated by a comparative study of the male genitalia. The ventral apical appendage is heavily chitinized and very various in shape in the different species and offers the best criterion for specific determi- nation. The only other Central American Molophilus described is M. guatemalensis Alexander! which I have figured in Entomological News, Vol. XXV, pl. 9, fig. 3, 1914; as shown by the figure, the ventral appendages of the two species are entirely different.
Genus ERIOPTERA Meigen. Subgenus Mesocyphona Osten Sacken.
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) parva Osten Sacken. Two males and two females from Alajuela, C. R., Sept. 15, ’o9.
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) caloptera femoranigra Alexander.
Many specimens of both sexes, including the type material, from Juan Vinas, C. R., July 21, ’09; they were attracted to a light on a rainy evening. Also from Cache, C. R., near the Rio Reventazon alt. 3,450 ft., Mar. 4, ’1o, and at Alajuela, C. R., alt., 3,100 ft., Sept. 15, ‘og, one female specimen. Eleven specimens from the type locality now before me have the dark bands on the femora much paler and less intense, but undoubtedly belong here.
1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 44, p. 511, 1913.
121 Journat New York Enromotocicat Society, [Vol. XXII
Genus GONOMYIA Meigen. Subgenus Leiponeura Skuse.
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) recurvata, new species.
Pleuralis group; male hypopygium having two chitinized points on the pleurites; dorsal gonapophyses long, slender, almost straight; ventral gona- pophyses bent cephalad.
Male, length, 4.4 mm.; wing, 3.7 mm.
Female, length, 5.7 mm.; wing, 5 mm.
Male.—Rostrum and palpi brown; antenne with the basal segments yellow with a faint brown suffusion, flagellum brown; head pale yellowish.
Mesonotal prescutum light brownish orange, the lateral margin very pale yellow separated from the orange by a very narrow dark brown line which is not apparent in front; scutellum pale, whitish, with a brown median line. Pleure having the pale line that is enclosed by the pleural stripes very pale, almost white, the lower dark pleural stripe broad. Halteres light brown. Legs, coxe and trochanters very pale, femora light brown with a broad, indistinct’ subapical ring, the tip rather broadly pale; tibie and tarsi light brown. Wings subhyaline, the stigmal spot vary large, rounded-oval, dark brown, veins brown.
Abdominal tergites light yellow, the extreme tip and base of each seg- ment conspicuously dark brown; sternites more uniformly dark brown. Hypo- pygium with the pleural pieces rather stout, the dorsal fleshy appendage long, slender, very pale; the ventral appendage is enlarged at its base and near the tip bearing a prominent chitinized tooth which is directed outward; at the tip of the lobe are several bristles and before the chitinized portion there is a shorter conical tooth on the outer or caudal margin of the lobe, this tooth being very pale, subhyaline. The ventro-lateral margin of the pleurite is pro- duced caudad into a long, slender chitinized rod which is directed toward the chitinized tooth described above. The dorsal gonapophyses (see Fig. 6, e): are very long, slender, straight, lying parallel to one another and diverging only at the tips which are more chitinized. The guard of the penis (g) is very long, slender, extending about to the point of divergence of the dorsal gona- pophyses. The ventral gonapophyse (f) is rectangular with two short teeth at the tip. The whole organ is recurved cephalad and the tips lie against the flaring margin of the oth sternite.
Female, similar to the male but larger, the yellow color of the abdominal tergites not so apparent.
Holotype, male, Alajuela, C. R.; alt. 3,100 ft.; Sept. 15, ’o09 (Dr. IBY Ie (Gzihyerne))-
Allotype, female, near Cartago, C. R.; alt. 5,000 ft.; Dec. 15, ’09; south slope of Irazu, over mud (Dr. P. P. Calvert).
Paratypes, male, with the holotype in the author’s collection. Female, Laguna near Cartago; Feb. 26, ‘Io.
Type in the collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.
June, 1914.) ALEXANDER: CRANEFLIES From Costa Rica. 122
Gonomyia recurvata differs from its nearest described relatives, amazona Alexander and pleuralis Williston in the male hypopygium, the two chitinized appendages to the pleurites, the extremely elongate and straight dorsal gonapophyses and the remarkable recurved ventral gonapophyse. ‘
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) calverti, new species.
Puella group; basal antennal segments tinged with brown; male hypo- pygium without a recurved ventral hook; ventral portion of the hypopygium with two rounded, flattened lobes each of which bear 8 or 9 chitinized teeth.
Male, length, 3.4 mm.
Male.—Rostrum and palpi brown; the enlarged basal segments of the antenne brown, not orange, flagellum light brown.
Mesonotal prescutum very light grayish brown without distinct markings ; the pronotum, a narrow lateral margin to the prescutum and the median line of the scutellum yellowish; scutum and postnotum light brown; scutellum yel- low, more brown at the base. Pleure without distinct stripes. Halteres light brown, the knob yellow. Legs, light yellowish brown, the individual segments scarcely darkened at tip. Wings subhyaline with iridescent reflexions, veins brown, stigma lacking.
Abdomen light brownish yellow, the tergites rather darker than the stern- ites. Hypopygium having the pleural pieces (fig. 7) long, slender, slightly curved, clothed with sparse long hairs; the tip is suddenly narrowed, more chitinized and ending in two long curved bristles. Ventrad of the pleurites is an enlarged cylindrical tube which is produced dorsally into a long obtuse point, and ventrally into two hand-like flattened organs armed with 8 or 9 chitinized teeth as shown in fig. 8, d; these flattened organs are directed ventrad and entad. From inside this genital chamber, near the dorsal wall project two subchitinized elongate flattened appendages (c).
Holotype, male, Alajuela, C. R.; alt. 3,100 ft.; Sept. 15, ’og (Dr. P. P. Calvert).
Type in the collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.
This species is similar to puella Williston in its pleural and wing patterns but the basal segments of the antennae are suffused with brown and the hypopygium is very different from that shown in Williston’s figuret which shows a prominent recurved ventral hook.
Tribe LIMNOPHILINI. Genus LIMNOPHILA Macquart.
Limnophila guttulatissima Alexander. One female from Cartago, C. R., along a ditch on Feb. 26, 1910.
1 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, pp. 288, 280, pl. 10, fig. 60 a.
123 JournaL New York Enromotocrcar Socrery, [Vol. XXII.
Tribe HExATOMINI, Genus ERIOCERA Macquart.
Eriocera exquisita new species.
Wings uniform dark brown; color entirely reddish orange except the mesonotum which is dark brown; no black on abdomen.
Male, length, 11.6-13 mm.; wing, 11.5—12.4 mm.
Male—Rostrum reddish brown; palpi short, basal segment orange, tip brown; first segment of the antenne orange, second segment light reddish brown; flagellum dark brown; head orange, the frontal tubercle small, scarcely notched in front.
Pronotum light yellowish orange. Mesonotal prescutum dark chestnut brown on the sides, the middle line broadly paler, brightest, almost orange, in front, indistinctly divided by a median line; scutum dark brown; scutellum and postnotum yellowish orange. Pleure light orange yellow. Halteres black. Legs, coxe yellow, trochanters, femora, tibiz and tarsi brown. Wings uniform dark brown, veins brown. Venation as in fig. 5.
Holotype, male, Alajuela, C. R.; alt. 3,100 ft.; Sept. 9, ’o9 (Dr. P. P. Calvert). Paratypes, 2 males, with the type. Type in the collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.; one paratype in the author’s collection. Subfamily TIPULINZE. Tribe DoLicHopPEzIN1. Genus BRACHYPREMNA Osten Sacken.
Brachypremna dispellens Walker. One male from Bonnefil farm, Rio Surubres, C. R.; alt. 7oo ft.;_ Oct. 19, ’09 (Dr. P. P. Calvert).
Tribe TIPULINI. Genus TIPULA Linneus.
Tipula obliquefasciata Macquart. One female from Cachi, C. R.; Mar. 8, ro.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2.
Fig. 1. Wing of Rhipidia (Conorhipidia) punctipennis n. sp.
Fig. 2. Wing of R. (Rhipidia) costalis Williston.
Fig. 3. Wing of Rhabdomastix (Rhabdomastix) septentrionalis n. sp. Fig. 4. Wing of Molophilus orion n. sp.
Fig. 5. Wing of Eriocera exquisita n. sp.
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. VA, ROCHE, Je Tuk
Costa Rican Tipulidae.
June, 1914] ALEXANDER: CRANEFLIES From Costa Rica. 124
Fig. 6. Hypopygium of Gonomyia (Leiponeura) recurvata n. sp. Ventral aspect; a, pleural pieces; b, dorsal apical appendage; c, ventral apical append- age; d, intermediate apical apendage; e, dorsal gonapophyse; f, ventral gona- pophyse; g, penis-guard.
Fig. 7. Hypopygium of G. (L.) calverti n. sp. Dorsal aspect of the pleurite.
Fig. 8. Same as last. Lateral aspect of the end of the abdomen. a, pleu- rites from the side; b, dorsal wall of the genital chamber; c, gonapophyse; d, ventral arms.
Fig. 9. Hypopygium of Molophilus orion n. sp. Ventral aspect of the ventral apical appendage. ;
Fig. 10. Thorax of Rhipidia (Conorhipidia) punctipennis n. sp. Lateral aspect showing the conspicuous dorsal protuberance.
{Reprinted from JoURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL Society, Vol. XXII, No. 3, September, 1914.]
A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF TANYPREMNA OSTEN SACKEN AND MEGIS- TOCERA WIEDEMANN. (TIPULIDA, DIPTERA.)!
By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, ItHaca, N. Y.
This paper is presented in order to complete the American species of the Dolichopezini that are allied to Megistocera Wiedemann. These genera are Brachypremna Osten Sacken which has been taken up by the author in an earlier paper (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. XX, p. 225-236, 1912), Tanypremna Osten Sacken and Megistocera Wiedemann which will be considered in the present paper in the order named. A key to the Dolichopezine genera of the world is given in Psyche, vol. XIX,. p. 64, 1912.
I am indebted to Mr. Frederick Knab for the loan of the material in the United States National Museum; to Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., for the specimens in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences; to Mr. C. W. Johnson for a Tanypremna taken on the Mann expedition to Brazil; to Dr. F. H. Lutz for the material in the American Museum of Natural History; and to Mr. John Thomas Lloyd for the species of Tanypremna herein described as new.
1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University.
206 JournaL New York Enromotocicat Socrery. [Vol. XXII,
TANYPREMNA Osten Sacken. 1886. Tanypremna Osten Sacken; Biol. Cent. Am., Dipt., vol. 1, p. 19 (opilio). 1912. Stegasmonotus Enderlein; Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. 1, p. 11 (longissimus).
1912. Pehlkea Enderlein; 1. c., p. 15 (columbiana).
The genus Tanypremna was erected in 1886 by Osten Sacken to receive the then unique species, opilio, of Guatemala. The following year the same author described T. manicata from Brazil. In a recent paper Dr. Enderlein has erected two new genera which must be con- sidered synonymous with Tanypremna and the two types make the third and fourth American species. The Tipula longipes of Fabricius is now known to be a member of this genus, while the new form herein described as Tanypremna regina is the sixth species to be made known. The species most closely allied to the genotype, opilio, are columbiana which Enderlein made the type of a new genus, Pehlkea, and the new species, regina. T.colwmbiana Enderlein has a strong supernumerary cross-vein in cell M, this latter character being also found in regina, which, moreover, possesses a considerable series of such veins and spurs of veins in both of the basal cells. This char- acter of supernumerary cross-veins is: one which has been over- emphasized in the past in the formation of genera and it is doubtful whether even subgeneric rank should be given to the majority of such forms. The extreme plasticity of these characters is shown in such genera as Cladura, Gnophomyia, Tricyphona, and others, in which these supernumerary cross-veins may be present or absent in the two wings of a single specimen. In the various subgenera of Limnophila such as Ephelia, Idioptera, Dicranophragma, etc., which possess these supernumerary cross-veins in all specimens, it is known and appre- ciated that these groups are scarcely of subgeneric value. Consider- ing the very close relationship existing between opilio, columbiana and regina, and taking into account the plasticity of the characters used in their diagnosis, I am unwilling to consider the forms as representing more than very well-defined species of this genus, Tanypremna.
The species of Tanypremna appear to be quite uncommon and not often picked up by collectors. This is well shown by the fact that each species was founded upon a single specimen and scarcely a dozen specimens are known to be in existence in the various museums.
]
-~I
Sept. t9%4-] ALEXANDER: TANYPREMNA AND MEGISTOCERA. 20
CHARACTERS OF THE GENUS.
Frontal prolongation of the head very short and stout, about as deep as long; the nasus long and prominent, clothed at the tip with long hairs; palpi with the last segment longer than any of the others. “Antenne: very short, the basal segments larger, the flagellar segments oval, more elongated toward the end. Front very broad between the eyes with no protuberence.
Prothorax viewed from the side very narrow, the scutellum closely applied ‘to the mesonotal prascutum and the head, in turn, closely applied to this. Mesonotal praescutum very gibbous, partly or almost entirely concealing the head when viewed from above. Halteres long and slender. Legs very long and slender, the tarsi especially being excessively elongated.
Wings with vein Sc long, Sc, persistent at the wing-margin and quite close to R, at its tip; Rs short, usually arcuated but sometimes straight though never so square at the origin as in Brachypremna;
-R, usually distinct, oblique, rarely vertical as in Brachypremna. Second anal vein usually long and not ending close in the anal angle of the wings. In Jongipes Fabricius, R, is swung proximad at its tip so that it is very close to R, at the wing-margin; Fs is oblique, straight and second anal is rather short. T. columbiana has a strong
“supernumerary cross-vein in cell M, and T. regina has this cross- vein and spurs of many other in the basal cells .
Abdomen elongated, in the females of some species, excessively long and slender.
Coloration —Usually light yellow, the thoracic dorsum dark brown, the pleurae yellow with brown transverse bands. Legs brown, the segments having more or less white. Wings usually subhyaline with the veins indistinctly seamed with darker, rarely the whole disk marbled with darker.
A Key To THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF TANYPREMNA OSTEN SACKEN.
1. Tibie with more or less white before or at its tip...............ee+-ees 2 Tibiz with the base abruptly white but the remainder of the segment dark GGT Aes éomasseceane corp Oonees DOACHSOL AA OSE pAOOoEperarooencd 4
2. First tarsal segment broadly white medially, dark at both ends; remaining tarsal segments entirely white; [radial sector of the wings short, straight, oblique, forming a V with the deflection of R,,;]. (Guiana, Brazil.)
longipes Fabricius. Tarsal segments one and two tipped with white....................+0:- 3
208 Journat New York Enromotocica Socrety. [Vol. XXII.
3. Wings hyaline with the apical veins seamed with brown; [abdomen very long, slender; length of the body of the female over 50 mm.]. (Brazil.)
3 longissima Enderlein.
Wings pale brown with a darker brown stigma; [body less elongate, the tip of the abdomen of the type and only known specimen is broken and
the length can not be accurately determined; it was estimated to be 14
mm, by Osten Sacken; some brown on the third tarsal segment]. (Brazil.)
manicata Osten Sacken.
4. No supernumerary cross-vein in cell M. (Guatemala, Venezuela.) opilio Osten Sacken. A supernumerary cross-vein in Cell M......2..0-.cccceseeccccccersens +5 5. Wings with the seaming limited, confined to the cord and the super- numerary cross-vein in cell M; wing of the male 18.5 mm. (Colombia.) columbiana Enderlein. Wings heavily marbled with brown in almost all the cells; wing of the male
22 mm: (Golombiay) eis cfricle olin seletePaies evel obaieiale etebeintelel teats regina n. sp. Tanypremna longipes Fabricius.
1805 Tipula longipes Fabricius; Syst. Antl., p. 25. 1821 Tipula longipes Wiedemann; Dipt. exot., vol. 1, p. 37, 41. 1828 Tipula longipes Wiedemann; Aussereur. zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, p. 43. 1834 Tipula longipes Macquart; Suite a Buffon, vol. 1, p. 82. 1900 Tipula longipes Hunter; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 26, p. 286. 1902 Tipula longipes Kertesz; Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, p. 293. 1912 Stegasmonotus longipes Enderlein; Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. 1, Pp. 13. 1913 Tanypremna longipes Alexander; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, p. 487.
Female, length 24 mm.; wing, 12.6-12.8 mm.; abdomen, 20.1—-20.2 mm.
Fore leg, femur, 9.6 mm.; tibia, 12.4 mm; tarsus 7, 15.5 mm.;
tarsus 2 to 5, 8.1 mm. Hind leg, femur, 12 mm.; tibia, 13 mm.; tarsus 7, 16.4 mm.; tarsus 2 to 5, 10.6 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head short, pale dull yellow, the nasus rather long with a brush of hairs at the tip; lower part of the rostrum dark, blackish; palpi with the two intermediate segments pale, the first and last being dark colored, the latter named segment very long. Antennz short, the scapal segments and the base of the first flagellar segment pale, yellowish, remainder of the antenne dark brownish black. Front pale yellowish white, on the vertex passing into brown, the occiput dark.
Pronotal scutum broadly dark brown medially, paler on the sides. Mesonotal praescutum dark brown, medially this color extending to the extreme cephalic margin which is darkest, the space in front of the dark mark on the pesudosuture described below is very pale, almost
‘Sept, 1914.1] ALEXANDER: TANYPREMNA AND MEGISTOCERA. 209
white; the prescutum with deep impressed lines extending from the _pseudosutural fovee caudad to the transverse suture; a dark brownish black mark at the humeral angle of the sclerite extending ventrad onto the pleure; scutum dark brown, a little paler medially; scutellum and Paesinotum brown, the latter a little paler on the sides. Pleure pale, yellowish white, with a broad brown stripe extending from the humeral angle of the prascutum ventrad and caudad across the meso- pleure, splitting near the base of the fore coxa, the anterior fork broad suffusing the sides of the mesosterna and the base of the mesocoxe. Halteres long and slender, the stem pale brown, the knob dark. Legs with the coxe pale except the mesocoxe as described above; fore legs with the trochanters having a decided green caste, femora dark brown, the base pale, tibie with the base broadly pale, about equal in width to the black apical ring, a rather broad white subterminal band; metatarsus dark brown, the white medial band a little broader than the dark basal ring, remainder of the tarsi white. Hind legs with the femora brown, the tibie with the basal three- fifths dark brown, the remainder snowy white excepting a broad dark brown tip; metatarsus white except the broad brown base and apex; remainder of tarsi pure white. Wings usually with a light brown tinge, in some more nearly hyaline, and the costal cell brown; stigma dark brown, the cord more indistinctly seamed with brown. Venation as in fig. 1: Rs oblique, short and straight; the deflection of lie arcuated, forming a V with the end of the sector; R, short and show- ing a tendency to atrophy; basal deflection of R,,, lacking.
Abdominal tergites 2 to 4 brown with a broad white basal blotch on the sides and a broad white blotch on either side beyond the middle, the extreme lateral margin of the sclerite narrowly blackish brown; apical tergites uniformly dark brown. Sternites dull yellow, the Ovipositor reddish brown.
Distribution —British Guiana, Upper Potaro River, July 17, 1911. (Crampton.) Specimen, a female, in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History. Brazil, Manaos (Mann). Specimen a "female in the collection of Mr. C. W. Johnson.
-Tanypremna longissima Enderlein. 1912. Stegasmonotus longissimus Enderlein; Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. 1, Dp: It, 12.
210 Journat New York Entomotocicat Society, [Vol. XXII
Female, length, 55 mm.; wing, 22.5 mm.; abdomen, 48.5 mm.
Fore leg, femur, 11.5 mm.
Middle leg, femur, 16 mm.; tibia, 18.5 mm.; tarsus 7, 22 mm.; 2, i
10.75 mm.; 3, 6 mm. Hind leg, femur, 19 mm.; tibia, 22 mm.; tarsus Z, 20 mm.; 2, 10.5 mm.; 3, 5.5 mm. ;
Head whitish; occiput for the most part blackish brown, vertex pale brownish. Prolongation of the frontal part of the head scarcely one-quarter as long as the remaining length of the head. Palpi greenish, the last segment greyish black. Antenne short (2.25 mm. long) very thin and delicate, 13-segmented, pale, the fips of the very slender flagellar segments grey, the last five flagellar segments entirely grey, basal segments greenish; at the end of each flagellar segment rather long fine hairs, somewhat verticillate. Forehead broad; tubercle lacking.
Thorax gibbous, extending far forward and projecting over the head so that viewed from above nothing is to be seen of the latter. Thoracic dorsum dark brown, a broad seam in front; a narrower seam on the sides up to the wing-root yellowish white; the dark brown color extends to the cephalic margin as a moderately broad stripe. Prascutum with a somewhat elevated blackish-brown median line. Scutum brown, very level. Postnotum long, brown, whitish yellow on the sides with an impressed crossline on the middle which forms an obtuse angle medially (concave in front) and from this angle sends out an impressed longitudinal line backward. Meta- pleure greyish brown. Prothorax greyish brown medially, whitish elsewhere. Abdomen extremely long and slender, dark brown above, ochre-yellow beneath, on the middle of the tergites one to three there is a sharp pale crossline, on tergites four to seven a light spot on each side of the middle; eighth segment short, scarcely one and one half times as long as broad; genital segment with the moderately elongated and rather powerful ovipositor reddish brown, polished, smooth, and 6 mm. long. Fore femora pale greyish green with a narrow brown ring before the tip. Middle legs blackish brown, the tibia with a very broad white ring before the tip; almost the apical half of tarsal segments one and two white, the third tarsal segment entirely white, remaining segments broken. Hind femora reddish yellow, darker brown at the tip; tibia blackish brown with a broad
Sept, 1914.) ALEXANDER: TANYPREMNA AND MEGISTOCERA. 211
white ring before the end; tarsal segments one and two blackish brown with somewhat more than the apical half white; remaining tarsal segments white. Claws small, reddish brown. Halteres with the pedicel long, yellowish brown, the knob brown. Wings hyaline, veins dark brown. All veins on the apical quarter of the wings seamed with pale brown, all of the cross-veins and deflections of veins brown and more broadly seamed. WR, very short and ends close to R, (on the left wing R, is quite lacking) ; Cu, in punctiform con- tact with cell rst M,; Rs short, not longer than R,,,. Membrane very smooth but with greenish reflections only at the tip.
Distribution—Brazil, Espiritu Santo.
Translated from the original description.
Tanypremna manicata Osten Sacken.
1887. Tanypremna manicata Osten Sacken; Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., vol 41, pt. 2, p. 240.
1902. Tanypremna manicata Kertesz; Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, p. 265.
Yellowish brown, thoracic dorsum with three almost confluent brown stripes; brown spots on the metanotum. Antenne pale yellow, darker towards the tip; halteres brownish yellow; abdomen yellowish brown (tip broken). Legs dark brown, but femora paler; a small white ring before the tip of the tibie; three successive white rings at the end of tarsal joints one, two and three. Wings with a pale brownish tinge; stigma brown.
Habitat—Brazil (discoverer, Sellow); a single specimen in the Berlin Museum; sex uncertain, as the tip of the abdomen is broken off. The length, when the abdomen is entire, must be about 14 mm. The number of joints of the antennz is certainly more than eleven (this number I counted in T. opilio).
The above is taken verbatim from Osten Sacken’s original descrip- tion; the type specimen seems to be the only one so far taken.
Tanypremna opilio Osten Sacken.
1886. Tanypremna opilio Osten Sacken; Biol. Cent. Amer., Dipt., vol. 1, p. 19, pl. 3, £. 2.
1887. Tanypremna opilio Osten Sacken; Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. 30, pt. 2, Pp. 164.
1902. Tanypremna opilio Kertesz; Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, p. 265.
Male, length, 23.4 mm.; wing, 18 mm.; abdomen, 20.4 mm. Fore leg, femur, 12.8 mm.; tibia, 15.3 mm.; metatarsus, 24.2 mm. Hind leg, femur, 14.5 mm.; tibia, 15 mm.
212 JournaL New York Entomotocicar Society, [Vol. XXII.
Female, length, 26.2 mm.; wing, 18.3 mm.; abdomen, 22.2 mm.
Hind leg, femur, 13.9 mm.; tibia, 13.8 mm.; metatarsus, 18.7 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head yellow, the nasus long, clothed with dark hairs; the palpi and lips dark brown. Antenne with the basal segments yellow, flagellum black, antennz with thirteen seg- ments (not eleven as given by Osten Sacken). Head light yellow — except a linear brown blotch on the vertex along the inner margin of each eye.
Pronotal scutum brownish black, this color produced ventrad onto the propleure and including the anterior face of the pro-coxa. Mesonotal praescutum deep chocolate brown, darkest in front, with three very narrow darker lines, one median, the other two lateral. A yellow patch on the sides of the sclerite in front, before the pseudo- sutural fovea; a dark brownish black stripe begins at the pseudosuture and traverses the mesopleure, ending on the anterior face of the mesocoxa, scutum, scutellum and postnotum dark chocolate brown, the latter with a pale, narrow median line. Pleurz light yellow with the vertical brown bands as described above; sides of the postnotum and the caudal face of the metacoxe brownish black. Halteres very long, dull yellow, the knob brown. Legs with the coxe as described above, trochanters greenish yellow, femora brownish black, tibiae brownish black with the extreme base rather broadly white, tarsi white. Wings with a rather uniform light brown suffusion, stigma dark brown; the veins seamed with a light greyish brown. Venation as in fig. 2.
Abdominal tergites brown, the lateral margins of the sclerites rather broadly black which color runs across the dorsum as a sub- apical band; extreme apices of the basal tergites paler; the terminal tergites uniformly dark brown. Sternites dull yellow with an apical annulus of black and in the terminal segments a medial band also; the eighth segment black; hypopygium reddish.
Distribution —Guatemala, Cacao, Alta, Vera Paz, April 23 (Schwarz and Barber), Purula, Vera Paz; altitude, 5,000 feet (Champion). Venezuela, Cariaquito, Jan. 22, 1911 (S. Brown).
The specimen from Cacao is a female in the U. S. National Museum collection. The Purula specimen is Osten Sacken’s type. The Venezuela material consists of a fine pair in the collection of the American Entomological Society, Philadelphia.
This is the only species concerning which we have any ecological
‘Sept. 1914.) ALEXANDER: TANYPREMNA AND MEGISTOCERA. 213
_ data; the note by Champion who collected the type, tell us that the insect lives in the humid forest regions of the mountains (5,000 feet). Tanypremna columbiana Enderlein.
1912, Pehlkea columbiana Enderlein; Zool. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. 1, p. 15, fig. B.
Male, length, 27 mm.; wing, 18.5 mm.
Hind leg, femur, 15.75 mm.; tibia, 13 mm.
Head yellow; eyes very large, black, almost semicircular; occiput somewhat infumed. Front narrow, half as broad as the diameter of the eyes. Antenne very small and short, about 1.75 mm. long, dark brown, the basal segments yellow. Palpi black, the apical seg- ment with the exception of the base brownish yellow. Nasus long, pubescent at the end and somewhat propped.
Thoracic dorsum dark brown, sternites, pleurze and coxe bright brownish yellow; humeral angles of the prescutum bright brownish yellow; a similar spot before the wing-base. Before this latter a rather broad brown band extends from the margin of the thoracic dorsum through the middle of the mesopleure, ending on the meso- cox which are thus infumed on their outer face. The sides of the prothorax brown, fore cox browned on their outer face. Legs with the trochanters bright yellowish, hind femora dark brown, pale yellowish at the base; tibie dark brown, the basal eighth yellowish white; first tarsal segment black, the second yellowish white; the re- maining segments as well as those of the fore and middle legs broken off. Abdomen long, brown, the tip somewhat enlarged and darkened, the incisures rather brightened. Halteres greyish black, pedicel very long, brownish yellow and with yellowish pubescence. Wings rather narrow at the base for a rather long space, very narrow; bright brownish, a brown spot at the base of the radial fork, a rounded blackish brown spot at the stigma, the caudal veins of cell tst M,, the basal deflection of Cu, seamed with brown, the super- numerary cross-vein between M and Cu broadly seamed with brown; proxima of the base of MW a small hyaline spot. Membrane strongly red to green iridescent.
Distribution—Colombia, Hacienda Pehlkea.
Translated from the original description.
Enderlein’s figure shows a typical Tanypremna with the exception that the tip of R, is omitted in the figure; whether it is also lacking
214 Journat New York Entomorocicat Socrety. [Vol. XXII.
in the type is another question but if such is the case its disappearance may be accounted for by atrophy. In any case there is a consider- able error in Enderlein’s interpretation of the veins in the radial field of the wing; the vein labelled R, should, of course, be R,, the part spoken of as the radial cross-vein is the basal deflection of R, and the part called R,,, is R, alone. The wing is shown in fig. 3, taken from Enderlein’s original description of the species.
Tanypremna regina new species.
Large species, wing of the male, 22 mm.; wing heavily marked with brown; supernumerary cross-veins in the basal cells of the wing; tibia white at the base.
Male, length, 28.2 mm.; wing, 22 mm.; abdomen, 23.5 mm.
Fore leg, femur, 12.7 mm.
Hind leg, femur, 15.7 mm.; tibia, 15.1 mm.; metatarsus, 24.8 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head very short, the nasus long and slender, dark brown; sides of the rostrum more yellowish; palpi dark brownish black. Antenne with the two basal segments light yellow, the flagellum broken. Front light sulphur-yellow; vertex and occiput dark brown, paler along the inner margin of the eyes and with a narrow median line.
Pronotum with the scutum narrow and high,-projecting dorsad as a sharp collar, the scutum dark brown, remainder of the pronotum yellow. Meso- notal prescutum light yellowish brown with four darker brown stripes, the middle pair being longest, narrowed in front and behind, very dark brownish black on the extreme cephalic margin; lateral stripes shorter, beginning at the pseudosutural fovee and running caudad to the suture, connected with the middle stripes except behind; scutum and scutellum broken; postnotum dark brown, more yellowish medially behind. Pleure yellowish with a green caste, a small oval brownish black spot behind the head at the end of the pronotal scutum; a broader dark brown mark running from the base of the wing ven- trad to the base of the mesocoxa whose posterior face it suffuses. Halteres long, slender, green in color. Legs with the coxe light brownish yellow except the dark mark on the mesocoxa described above; trochanters greenish; femora brownish yellow, the tip broadly dark brown; tibie (only the posterior pair remaining) with the extreme base white and having a decided green caste, remainder of the tibie dark brown; the first tarsal segment pale, almost whitish, basally soon darkening to a light brown that includes the remainder of the tarsi. Wings subhyaline in the radial and medial cells, cell C brighter, more yellowish, the anal cells greyish brown, a row of brown blotches in cells R and M, each one surrounding the spur of a cross-vein, there being about five in cell R and three in cell M; the cord is seamed with darker brown as are also most of the veins and deflections of veins; stigmal spot a little darker brown. Venation as in figure 4; the presence of a supernumerary cross-vein in the basal cells is a feature that, in this subfamily of crane- flies, occurs only in the Dolichopezini; the numerous spurs of cross-veins in the basal cells is a very remarkable feature.
Sept, 1914] ALEXANDER: TANYPREMNA AND MEGISTOCERA. 215
Abdominal tergites reddish brown, the apex of each segment narrowly paler, greenish white, the apical tergites darker brown; lateral margin of the tergites narrowly dark brown. Sternites light yellow, the extreme apices of the sternites darker, the apical sternites uniformly darker brown.
Distribution —Colombia, Cordillera Central.
Holotype, female, near La Vega which is about 12 miles north of Almaguer, March 6, 1912, at an altitude of about 7,000 feet. (John Thomas Lloyd, coll.)
This species is part of the Lloyd collection of Andean insects; the craneflies of this collection have been discussed in an earlier paper - (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 21, Sept., 1913). This specimen was not included in that article because it was in papers with butterflies and so was overlooked until very recently. | There can be but little doubt but that this fly is quite greenish in its living state as shown by the presence of decided green tints on the halteres, legs and thorax.. Other species of this genus suggest this same condition to a much less degree. This form is by far the most beautiful of all the species described and it is believed that the specific name is not inappropriate. The presence of the numerous spurs of veins in the basal cells of the wings is quite remarkable. Since these spurs are surrounded by dark markings in every case, I believe these remnants to be constant or nearly so, and Dr. Needham and Dr. Johannsen who examined the wing, are of the same opinion. This presence of a dark marking about a vein or spur seems at first glance to be a trivial character but it is my belief that it is a character upon which considerable stress must be laid—that is, that dark mark-
ings when present on a wing nearly always surround veins-and the presence of a brown blotch in a cell may well indicate the position once occupied by a vein.
MEGISTOCERA Wiedemann.
1821. Mackistocera Wiedemann; Dipt. Exot., p. 41. 1828. Megistocera Wiedemann; Aussereur, zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, p. 55.
The genus Megistocera contains a small restricted group of flies having a tropicopolitan distribution. There are about three species in the Old World and these are remarkable in the possession of enor- mously elongated antenne in the male sex so far as known; the single New World form has short antenne in both sexes.
216 Journat New York Entomotocicat Society. [Vol. XXU-
CHARACTERS OF THE GENUS.
Frontal prolongation of the head rather long, the nasus prominent, with a bunch of long hairs at the tip. Terminal segment of the palpus elongate, whiplash-like. Antennz rather long, at least as long 4s the head, the scapal segments enlarged, the flagellar segments six in number, elongate-cylindrical; in the New World species the antenne are about as long as the head, in the males of the Old World forms (this sex of M. bicauda Speiser of Africa not yet described) the antenne are enormously elongated. Eyes with delicate omma- tidia; the vertex rather approximated between the eyes.
Pronotum not produced dorsad into a narrow plate as in Tany- premna. Mesonotal prescutum not exceedingly gibbous or projecting over the head. Halteres rather long, the knob small. Legs very long and slender, especially the tarsi. Wings with the cross-vein m-cu present and long; basal deflection of R,,, assuming a position that is nearly vertical or perpendicular. The Old World fuscana Wiede- mann has a venation that is quite similar to that of our American form except that the cell rst M, is much smaller and cell 2nd A very much broader.
Abdomen rather short, the male hypopygium simple; the valves of the ovipositor powerful, the lower valve arcuated basally, the lower valves appressed against the upper pair.
Megistocera longipennis Macquart.
1838. Tipula longipennis Macquart; Dipt. Exot., vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 57, pl. 5, fig. 1.
1878. ?Longurio longipennis Osten Sacken; Cat. Dipt. N. Am., Ed. 2, P. 37-
1885. Tipula longipennis Roder; Stett. Ent. Zeit., vol. 46, p. 338.
1885. Tipula tenuis v. d. Wulp; Notes Leyden Museum, vol. 7, p. 7.
1885. Tipula tenuis v. d. Wulp; Tijdschr. voor Entom., vol. —, p. 85, pl. 4, fig. —.
1886. Megistocera longipennis Osten Sacken; Berl. Ent. Zeit., vol. 30, p. 161.
1902. Megistocera longipennis Kertesz; Cat. Dipt., vol. 2, p. 264.
1902. Tipula tenuis Kertesz; 1. c., p. 309.
1907. ?Megistocera tenuis Needham; Rept. Soc. Ent. N. Y., p. 212.
1909. Megistocera longipennis Jchnson; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 34, P. 123. Male, length, 10 mm.; wing, 15.6 mm.
Middle leg, femur, 11.2 mm.; tibia, 10.6 mm.; metatarsus about
26 mm.
Sept, 1914-] ALEXANDER: TANYPREMNA AND MEGISTOCERA. 217
Female, length, 14.3 to 15 mm.; wing, 16 to 16.4 mm. Fore leg, femur, 7.7 mm.; tibia, 8.6 mm.; metatarsus, 8.1 mm. Middle leg, femur, 11.5 mm.; tibia, 10.6 mm.; metatarsus, about 24 mm. Hind leg, femur, 10.5 mm.; tibia, 88 mm.; metatarsus, about 25 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head short, light brown, the nasus pale with the apical brush of hairs dark, palpi black. Antenne with the basal segments light yellow, the flagellar segments brownish black. Front dull yellowish brown, the vertex and occiput grey.
Mesonotum brownish grey, the lateral margin of the prescutum paler grey bordered interiorly by a narrow blackish line which is waved at the pseudosuture; scutum brownish grey with a brown blotch on each lobe; scutellum pale brown, on the sides dark brown and more shiny; postnotum light brown, more fuscous laterally. Pleure pale yellowish brown with a whitish bloom; a rounded shiny black spot at the dorso-cephalic angle of the mesoepisternum. Halteres pale brown, the knob dark brown. Legs with the coxz pale, the outer faces somewhat browned. Wings whitish, veins brown; stigma conspicuous, oval, brown. Venation as in fig. 5.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the extreme lateral margins broadly pale, the dorsum variegated with paler, the basal segments being paler medially, the apical four or five segments with the pale spots in two rows one on either side of the middle line; sternites pale.
Distribution—Florida, Lake Okeechobee; report; by Mr. C. W. Johnson from the Mus. Com. Zool., I have examined this same speci- men on two different occasions and there can be no doubt as to the identity. Little River; Nov. 30, 1912, one male found in a spider’s web by Mr. Knab. Cuba, Macquart’s type. Porto Rico (Réder), Trinidad, June 13. Two males, three females, taken by August Busck; U. S. National Museum. British Guiana, Bartica, Dec. 5, 1912 to Jan. 18, 1913. Mallali on the Demerara R., Mar. 20, 1913 (Parish) ; collection of the author. Dutch Guiana, Van der Wulp’s type of tenuis. Brazil, female from Ceara in Museu Rocha. Para- guay, Piedro Bay. April, H. H. Smith, collector; part of the Willis- ton collection in the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.
218
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
ape pw
Journar New York Enromotocicar Society, [Vol. XXII.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.
Wing of Tanypremna longipes Fabricius.
Wing of Tanypremna opilio Osten Sacken.
Wing of Tanypremna columbiana Enderlein (after Enderlein). Wing of Tanypremna regina n. sp.
Wing of Megistocera longipennis Macquart.
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Vol. XXTL. Pl. V.
Tipulidae.
*.
The Biology of the North American Crane-F lies ( Tipulidae, Diptera)
I. THE GENUS ERIOCERA MACQUART
C. P. ALEXANDER AND J. T. LLOYD ITHAGA, N. Y.
oh
-
ae
1914 Pomona Journnat or Entvomo.oGy anv Zoonocy, Vou. VI, No. 1, Maren
The Biology of the North American Crane-Flies (T?pulide, Diptera)
I. THE GENUS ERIOCERA MACQUART
C. P, ALEXANDER AND J. T. LLOYD ITHACA, N. Y.*
INTRODUCTION
The tribe Hexatomini, one of the ten sections into which the Tipulid flies have been divided, is widely distributed in the north temperate and torrid zones. The dominant genus is Friocera, containing nearly one hundred described species, most of which are tropical forms. No species have been described from Europe or the Australian region but elsewhere the genus is represented by a host of forms, the number of species be- coming less as one goes north or south from the equator. The males of many of the species have the antenne exceedingly elongated, extending backward twice the length of the body. The wing-coloration in the northern forms is sober, undiversi- fied, but in the tropics the wings of many species take on a banded or spotted appearance that is quite unparalleled in any other group of crane-flies.
The immature stages of this remarkable group of insects were quite unknown hitherto. Van Roser (Verzeich.-Wuerttem- berg. Dipt., pt. 1, p. 262) states that the larve of Hexatoma (—Anisomera of authors) live in the sand along the banks of streams.
The members of this tribe of insects seem to be easily recog- nized in all stages. The adult flies, although closely resembling the Limnophilinit in venation, have the minimum number of antennal segments for the family, there being but six of these segments in Hexatoma and not more than ten elsewhere in the
“Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University.
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 13
tribe. Other crane-flies have, as a rule, thirteen, fourteen or sixteen segments to the antenne. The pupx of the Hexatomini differ from all crane-fly pupe known to the authors in the presence of six pairs of abdominal spiracles. The larvee, in the powerful decussate mandibles, the great elongation of the maxille and the feeble chitinization of the mental region present striking differences from other crane-fly larve.
Larval habitat—The larve and pupe of the three forms reared occurred together in a gravelly sand-hbank along Fall Creek near Forest Home, Ithaca, N. Y. The soil in which the species occurred varied from a gravel of rather coarse texture to a fine clay thickly penetrated by grass-roots. Farlier in the spring, full grown larve of E. spinosa have been found in Fall Creek, Coy Glen and other rapid streams about Ithaca, at which time they occurred beneath stones far out in the bed of the creek. It seems probable that most of the larve live in sand near the water’s edge; that many could live beneath stones in the creek seems impossible considering the closeness of search by members of the Limnological classes during the past few years.
On the morning of April 30, 1913, Mr. Lloyd found adults of FE. longicornis very common on the island in Fall Creek above the second bridge in Forest Home. They were swarming in numbers around the flowers of Willow (Salix), that grows commonly on the flat shore. On the morning of May 1, Dr. Needham and Mr. Alexander went up to this island to observe the feeding habits of the species. Very few of the adult flies were to be seen on the wing but the insect was emerging by the hundred, and pup, cast pupal skins and teneral adults were very common. The pupe of longicornis oceurred an inch or two beneath the surface of the gravel, projecting from one- third to one-half of their length above the soil level, the caudal end attached. A few specimens pushed up about two-thirds of their lengths and remained perfectly quiet in the hot sun, settling lower and lower in their cavities until almost hidden: it seems probable that such specimens would not transform as strong, healthy individuals even if they emerged at all. Most
14 JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
of the pupx project about half their length from the soil and, attached by the caudal end, sway back and forth rather actively. In none was the beginning of transformation observed: speci- mens partly out of the skin were several times noted. The male has ditficulty in extrieating the very lone antenne from the pupal sheath. <A field sketch made of the closely-allied 2. spinosa is herein given and shows the relative position of the
Adult male of Hriocera spinosa O. S. emerging from the pupal skin. The coloring and hair-characters are from a fully colored adult.
parts of the body that are used: the first flagellar segment of the antenne is directed straight away from the body, the fourth segment (second flagellar) at an acute angle to the third and thence the antenne continue straight back to the sheath. The numerous spines on the underside of the flagellum of the males of EF. spinosa and longicornis have long been known and the fact that they pointed away from the body noted; any use for this curious development has not been suggested. We observed the males in the act of withdrawing their antenne and the method of procedure was about as follows: The tips of the fore femora are placed underneath the sharp spines on the flagellum and by raising the lee the antenna is pulled upward slightly. These spines are regularly arranged and since both forelegs work in unison, the spines function as cogs and the whole organ is gradually forced from its pupal sheath. The
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 15
whole body is carried very straight and stiff during this opera- tion, the abdomen, especially, being very long and pale. The drawing out of the extreme tips of the antenne is usually accomplished by the bending backward of the whole body of the insect, but this is not always the case. When the antenne are freed, the insect then walks a few steps from the skin, first withdrawing its abdomen from the case. It then waits quietly until it attains more strength and color. It is probable that this teneral condition of the insect is its most dangerous period as it is defenseless against all enemies. An account of the enemies of the species is given in a later paragraph.
A count of one square foot of normal gravel was made at this time and showed the following: Twenty-eight living pup of longicornis, two larve of spinosa, one pupa of Tipula bella Lw., one large Tabanid larva; forty-seven cast pupal skins of longicornis, as well as most of the natural beetle asso- ciates given in a later place. This infestation was merely normal and many square rods of ground along the south bank of Fall Creek were in almost the same condition. One small larva, almost certainly of this species and deseribed hereinafter as such, was found but practically all of the larve had passed into the pupal stage; many of these pupw were very pale and feebly colored and evidently but newly transformed.
The emergence of the adults of EF. longicornis from the pup took place during the late hours of the morning, most numerously between ten a. m. and noon.
Natural enemies of the pupwe and the teneral imagoes were found to be medium-sized black Lycosid spiders which were preying on the weak, uncolored adults in numbers; dozens of the spiders were noted with individuals of the crane-flies in their grasp; these spiders when alarmed would run away very rapidly but only in exceptional cases would they release their victims. A few Attid spiders were also noted with Hriocere. A mound of gravel and sand containing many pupe and skins was noted showing traces of a bird or mammal having preyed upon the pupe.
16 JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
Natural associates of Hriocera on these gravel beds were eround-beetles of the genera Omophron, Schizogenius, Dyschir- ius, Bembidium and Agonoderus; click beetles, Cryptohypnus, and rove-beetles, of which Pederus, Lathrobium and Cryp- tobium were the commonest forms. <A large larva of Corydalis about ready to pupate and an abundance of larve and pup of horse-flies, Tabanide, were taken.
The larve of 2. spinosa were found in great numbers in these eravel-banks on May 1. They oceurred with young and mature pupe of FL. longicornis which were emerging in great numbers at this time. On May 27, both larve and pup of spinosa were found to be very abundant, larve being more numerous in the wetter places, pupe in the dryer spots. They occurred at various distances from the water’s edge, from within a foot to as far back as eight or ten feet from the shore. The pupe oceur in short, more or less vertical burrows, from one to three inches below the surface. Not often were larve and pupe found in close proximity to one another. Pup of spinosa, as well as all others of the tribe so far as known, are very active when removed from their burrows, wriggling rapidly to and fro, and are exceedingly tenacious of life. Larve, as found on May 27, were mostly contracted; a few, however, were expand- ed and had the subterminal segment of the abdomen swollen. In this regard it may be mentioned that almost all of the larve of crane-flies that live in the sand or mud along stream banks, have this power of inflating the end of the abdomen. Larve of Eriopterini, Limnophilini, Pedicini and Hexatomini have been observed with this conspicuous enlargement. It is apparently used to propel the larva through the soil by alter- nate expansion and contraction of the segment.
Larve of this species were placed in breeding-jars on May 13, and adult flies emerged on the 28th. It is probable that the pupal stage is not longer than ten to twelve days, but this was undoubtedly accelerated by the increased warmth of the laboratory. The natural pupal period may be as long as two weeks. On May 30, a large number of larve and pup were brought into the laboratory in a bucket of gravel. Some of the
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 1Lf/
fully-grown pupe transformed in the pail while being brought into the laboratory. The larve are almost certainly carnivor- ous, their powerful sickle-shaped mandibles inflicting a painful bite on tender parts of the hand.
The larve of FL. fultonensis were found in the same situations on May 30. They occurred in company with numerous spinosa larve and pupe, a few large Tabanid larve, a small Tabanid pupa, and the following beetle associates: Bembidium, Schizo- genius, Tachys, Cryptobium bicolor, etc. These larve were placed in breeding-jars on May 30. One of these larve pupated on June 1 and emerged as an adult on June 6. This gives a very short indoor pupal period of a trifle less than a week.
The habits of the adult flies are still not well known. At 5:00 p. m. on May 1, 1913, the swarming of the species was observed near the place described above. At 5:40 p. m. they were flying in some numbers, swarms averaging from thirty to forty individuals being the most common. They kept out in the open, away from trees or bushes, and maintained an aver- age height of from thirty to forty feet above the ground. Most of the swarms were out above the creek-bed but others were above the banks of the stream. The entire swarm seemed to face the gentle easterly breeze (i. e., up-stream). They swarmed about on a horizontal plane, the motions of each individual being mostly like a figure 8. The swarm covered considerable space, being from eight to ten feet high and about one-half of that distance through, the swarm scarcely moving from its position. Individuals constantly leave and rejoin the swarms. The insects sit on the tops of the willow bushes before joining the swarms and at this time are very wary. They dart up into the air and far overhead at the first approach of a possible enemy. It is very hard to eatch specimens from the ground, but by standing on the bridge, which is only a little lower than the level of the swarm, it is rather easy to capture departing and incoming individuals. The next night, May 2, at 5:30 p. m., the insects were again swarming in numbers; at this time the swarms were smaller, of from twenty-five to thirty individuals, and they swarmed quite low, ten to fifteen feet up, just out
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of reach of a net. The motion of individual specimens in a swarm varies at different times, now being a slow 8, now fast. One or two seemed to copulate in midair; this was done so rapidly, however, that it is not certain, the more so as it is so different from the mating habits of the closely-related Hewa- toma.
The rearing of this material to the adult stage was accom- plished by Mr. Lloyd; the biological notes herein given, the technical descriptions and the figures are by Mr. Alexander,
We wish to express our sincere thanks for the kind help and advice given to us by Dr. Needham during the progress of this study.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES
Common characters of the larve—The body is rather stout, yellowish, with a conspicuous bronzy sheen. The head-capsule (plate I, figure A) is long and narrow, and when retracted is completely concealed in the first thoracic segment, only the tips of the long apical maxillary lobe projecting. The mand- ibles are long, acutely pointed, decussate, provided with teeth on the inner basal half (a). One of the lobes of the maxille (ec) is prolonged cephalad in a long, flat, blade-like appendage. The antenne (b) are rather long, eylindrical. The framework of the head consists of a broad plate on either side in front, herein described as the genal plate (e), and two long bars of chitin extending backward on either side, one of these bars occupying a dorsal position, the other constituting the lateral margin of the capsule. The entire mental region seems to lack chitinized parts... The eauda (plate I, figures I-L) has the stigmal field free from lobes in longicornis or with four lobes in the other species.
Common characters of the pupe—The head is provided with a group of lobes herein spoken of as the cephalic crest (plate II, figure A, a). Spines or tubercles occur in the different species on the scape of the antenna, the tentorium, the clypeus, the eye, the thoracic seutellum, ete. Pronotal breathing-horns short, cylindrical (longicornis), long, eylindrical (fultonensis)
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 19
or acute and curving ventrad at apex (spinosa). Segments II to VIL of the abdomen with a spiracle on either side.
Ky to THE LAarRvV® or ERIOCERA
1. Head capsule long and narrow; lateral lobes of the fronto- labral selerite not pronounced; labrum small. Caudal lobes not developed; hairs around the stigmal field very few (about twenty) but very long. (Genal plate produced into a lobe on the inner cephalic angle; a strong conical tooth on inner face of mandible at about midlength.)
longicornis Walk.
Head capsule broader; lateral lobes of the fronto-labral selerite prominent; labrum well developed. Caudal lobes prominent, one pair being lateral and one pair ventral, bearing fringes of abundant long hairs. 2
2. Large larve (fully grown and extended, 40-45 mm. long, and 4-5 mm. in diameter); lateral lobes of fronto-labral selerite not hairy; tubercles on labrum merely rounded; no strong, truncated tooth at mid-length of the mandible on the ventral face; hairs on caudal lobes prominent, reddish. Lateral lobe with a black line which is con- spicuously enlarged at its inner end; ventral lobes with a black line which is forked, Y-shaped, at its inner end.
spinosa O. 8.
Smaller, more slender larve (fully grown and extended, 18-26 mm. lone, 2 mm. in diameter); lateral lobes of the fronto-labral selerite clothed with abundant long hairs; tubercles on labrum cylindrical, truncated, chitinized ; a strong, truneated tooth at mid-length of the man- dible with a smaller one beside it; hairs on caudal lobes abundant but pale, indistinct. Lateral lobe with a black line which is not conspicuously enlarged at its inner end; ventral lobes with a black line which is en- larged at its inner end, not conspicuously forked.
fultonensis Alex.
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Kry to tHE Pups or Hriocera
1. Size large (length 25 mm. or over); pronotal breathing horns tapering to the acute tip; cephalie crest small, reduced to four tubercles; cell M, on wing-pad present and usually evident; a strong spinous tubercle on either side of the median line at the base of the second abdom- inal tergite; a tubercle on the eye. (Mesonotal scutellar lobe, conspicuous, projecting). spinosa O. S.
Size small (length under 18 mm.) ; pronotal breathing horns about uniform in diameter throughout their length, blunt at apex; cephalic crest prominent, in some species so large as to conceal from beneath the pronotal breathing horns; cell M, on wing-pad absent; no spinous tubercle at base of second abdominal tergite; no tubercle on eye..
2. Antenne of ¢ elongate, reaching almost to the tip of the wing-pad; lobes of the cephalic crest triangular, rather pointed at the apex, the lobes when viewed from beneath, tending to diverge apically; pronotal breathing horns short, not much longer than a single lobe of the crest; median scutellar lobe conspicuous, projecting; hind tarsi projecting considerably beyond the level of the inner two; wing-pads usually showing cross-vein r beyond the fork of R.4-,; spine on antennal scape present.
longicornis Walk.
Antenne of é short like the 2, reaching just beyond the base of the wing-pad; lobes of the cephalic crest more rounded, thickly covered with rounded protuberances, the lobes when viewed from beneath, tending to converge apically; pronotal breathing horns long, exceeding the whole crest in length; median scutellar lobe not apparent ; all the tarsi about on a level; wing-pads pale, showing cross-vein r before the fork of R.+,; spine on antennal scape absent. fultonensis Alex.
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ERIOCERA LONGICORNIS Walker 1848 Anisomera longicornis Walker; List Dipt. Brit. Mus.; vol. I, p. 82. LARVA
Length, not fully extended, 13-13.5 mm.; diameter, 2 mm.; at subterminal swelling, 2.4 mm.
Color of larva light yellowish; almost uniformly eylindrical; the prothorax a little shorter than the other two thoracic seg- ments; first abdominal segment simple, a little shorter than the metathorax; remaining abdominal segments with a faint basal constriction, dividing the segment into two annulets; remaining segments gradually increasing in length toward the end; the tenth segment is capable of being enormously distended; the last segment is narrowed, tapering to an obtuse point; this segment is clothed with numerous appressed hairs and two or three long, delicate hairs on the side of the segment.
Head-capsule long and narrow, measuring 1.5 by .275 mm. On the antero-dorsal portion of the head-capsule are the two genal plates (Snodgrass terminology), these rather broad, separated from one another along the dorsal median line by a wide space; the cephalic inner angles produced entad into prominent lobes (plate I, E), the caudal margin of the plates produced caudad in a fringe-lke comb of chitinized points; these genal plates (which presumably include the vertex and gene) are only about two-fifths the length of the head-capsule. Cephalad of the genal plates is a rounded median lobe (frons and eclypeus) bearing at its apex a few small tubercles and : small quadrate projection (labrum) ; the lateral margins of this sclerite are gently rounded, not produced cephalad into promi- nent lobes. This plate consists of the fused frons, clypeus and labrum. lLaterad of the genal plate is an elongate chitinized piece articulated with the base of the mandible on its dorso- lateral aspect, fused or closely applied to the genal plates for most of the length of the latter, thence articulated end-to-end with another elongated bar of chitin which extends caudad, expanding out at its tip and becoming approximated with its
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fellow of the opposite side on the dorso-median line. This bar and the genal plates form the dorsal framework of the head- capsule. From the ventro-lateral angle of the mandible there arises another long bar of chitin which runs eaudad ending about on a level with the median dorsal bar, very little ex- panded at its tip; this bar forms the lateral framework of the head-capsule. Antenne (plate I, C, b) arising on the inner cephalic angle of the genal plate just dorsad of the base of the mandible. It consists of a one-segmented, cylindrical, slightly curved organ which bears a number of long hairs at its apex, almost as long as the segment itself. Mandibles (plate I, H) exceedingly powerful, decussate, ending in a long, sharp point, on its caudal or inner face bearing a prominent conical tooth at about mid-length, and with other blunt protuberances nearer the base; one of the ventral strands of muscle has an ego. shaped, chitinized piece isolated in it. Mavilla arising just ven- trad of the mandibular base, articulated on its outer caudal angle with the lateral chitinized bar of the head; the palpus is very short, lying underneath the base of the mandible, short- eylindrical, ending in a small cylindrical tip which is enclosed in a rounded fleshy apex; one of the two apical lobes of the maxilla (galea or lacinia) persists as a very elongate, pale, blade-like organ projecting far beyond the other mouth-parts, on the cephalic inner face with a long supporting strand of chitin which is forked near the base. Mental region entirely lacking strongly chitinized parts, the only indication of chitinization being a pale yellow area continued from the tips of the mandibles caudad but completely disappearing in caustic potash (1% solution, 24 hours).
Stigmal field small, oval, at the caudal end of the body, the stigmata occupying the dorsal portion of the area (plate I, K, L). Stigmata small, oval, placed rather obliquely, their dorsal ends directed inward, the distance between them less than the length of one or about equal to the small diameter of one. A faint dusky mark from the dorsal margin of each stigma to the edge of the field; a faint vertical stripe lying between the stigmata. There are no distinct lobes around the
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 23
stigmal field; at about midlength and lying on the lateral mar- gin of the field is an elongate triangular black mark, its point directed outward; from this point and the margin of the field just above its tip, arise three long curved hairs directed outward. The ventral marks are larger, brownish black, these marks three- pointed at their dorsal end, the innermost of these points con- nected with its fellow of the opposite side; just laterad of this mark is a slender brown line which bears at regular intervals, three long, slender, curved hairs directed caudad; at the caudal margin of the large mark arise three very large hairs directed ventrad and arising from a common point so that they appear coalesced at their origin. Just laterad of these three bristles is still another delicate hair; so that surrounding the stigmal area there are about twenty of these long hairs. Caudal gills four, very short and inconspicuous, hidden underneath the subterminal enlargement. ;
Described from one larva taken in company with abundant pup of the same species, Forest Home, Ithaca, New York, May OS:
PUPA, ¢
Antennal sheaths enormously enlarged, viewed from beneath, the swollen bases nearly contiguous on the median line; just above and entad of the cephalic inner margin of the eye, pro- vided with a sharp, chitinized spine placed in an eye-like depression. The antenne bend laterad and dorsad to near the pronotal breathing horns and then ventrad, running ecaudad, closely appressed to the ventral side of the body, lying just inside the inner margin of the wing-sheath and outside the second pair of legs; the tip of the antenna is just beyond the middle of the fourth tarsal segment of the middle legs. In older pup the spines on the ventral side of the adult organ are clearly apparent through the cuticle. Cephalic crest (plate II, ki) —F rom between the bases of the antenne arises a flattened crest directed cephalad, deeply bifid by a square median notch, each of the lateral lobes thus formed being provided with chitinized points which are beset with sparse hairs; on each
24 JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
side at the base of the crest, just cephalad of the swollen an- tennal base is a small subchitinized tubercle bearing a bristle. Eyes moderately large, occupying the space between the scape of the antenne and the basal segments of the antennal flagzel- lum. The anterior arms of the tentorium show through the cuticle, the arms rather short, elongate-triangular, directed toward the caudal end of the eye. Labrum large, roughly tri- angular, transversely wrinkled and bearing a conspicuous tubercle on either side near the base (which probably repre- sents on the ectal surface the propharynx underneath, accord- ing to Dr. MacGillivray). The lobes of the labiwm project ‘audad on either side of the labrum, occupying the space just cephalad of the fore coxa and proximad of the tip of the fore femur. The mazille are represented by a quadrate plate on either side, lying just caudad of the eye, laterad of the clypeus and labium and cephalad of the knee-joint.
Thoracic notum quite convex, the pronotal breathing horns short, directed cephalad, dorsad and laterad, distinetly crenu- lated, not visible from beneath. The mesonotal prescutum deli- cately wrinkled medially, the V-shaped suture rather indis- tinct in young pups, clearer in darker, older pupe. Median lobe of the mesonotal scutellum well indicated, projecting dorsad and caudad as a conspicuous point. Wing-pad attached opposite the basal quarter of the fore tibia, directed caudad., the tip of the pad lying opposite the ends of the second tarsal segments of the fore and middle legs and opposite the end of the second abdominal segment. Halteres originating on the side of the metanotum, hidden by the wing-pad, the tip at the extreme base of the second abdominal segment and just before the apex of the hind tibia. Fore legs (plate IT, A), viewed from beneath the fore coxe (g) are seen lying just caudad of the lobes of the labium; the coxa, trochanter and extreme base of the femur lie in one straight piece contiguous on the median line. Just beyond the base of the femur the segment bends cephalad upon itself and lies parallel with the coxe and tro- chanters (h) the tip of the femur lying laterad of the labial lobes and just caudad of the maxilla. At this point the tibie
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 25
(1) bend obliquely back across the body so that their tips are not distant from the middle line of the body; the legs touch the pair of the opposite side at the basal fourth of the metatarsus, the remaining tarsal segments running directly caudad and on either side of the middle line of the body. Middle legs—The coxe and trochanters (j) oceupy the sternal region of the pupa immediately behind the bend in the fore femur, the tip of the middle trochanter (j) corresponding closely to the tip of the fore tibie (4). The middle femur les beneath (dorsad of) the fore tibia, the middle tibix being outside (laterad) of the fore tibia and lying parallel with them; the tip of the tibia is about opposite the basal third of the fore metatarsus; the tarsi run parallel with the hind tarsi and end on a level with them. Hind legs—Only the cox are visible, lying between the bases of the fore metatarsi; the remainder of the leg with the exception of the terminal tarsal segments is concealed by the sheaths of the fore and middle legs and the wings. The femur and tibia are very strongly bent, the tip of the tibia occupying a position that is exactly caudad of the tip of the femur, the tarsi running caudad. The tip of the metatarsus is seen just proximad of the radial region of the wing or just laterad of the antenne. The hind tarsus projects conspicuously beyond the other tarsi, the tips of the two anterior pairs ending about opposite the middle of the fifth tarsal segment, which here bends strongly inward; tip of the tarsus ending before the caudal margin of the third abdominal segment.
First abdominal segment short, exceeded by the halteres; segements II to VII about equal in length, VIII very narrow, bearing the ninth segment on its caudal face. Tergites—First narrow, its caudal margin gently concave, not provided with spicules; segment II indistinctly divided into two approximately equal parts by a transverse false constriction, the caudal margin of the segment provided with about thirty-two chitinized spicules. Seements IIL to VII with the caudal half of a different texture from the basal half, being somewhat more echitinized, the basal half provided with feeble transverse wrinkles, the caudal margin of each segment provided with chitinized spicules which de-
26 JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
crease in number toward the end of the body, there being about thirty-two on segment IIT and twenty-four on segments V and VI. Segment VII has the median line devoid of spicules, each side being provided with about seven arranged in a slightly eurved line. Segment VIII very small, inconspicuous, the lateral angles of the caudal margin provided with a few weak hairs and the dorsal surface with several tubercles. Ninth segment bearing the hypopygium, the tergal plate small, ending in two chitinized cylindrical lobes, sharp-pointed, the points directed sharply dorsad. Sternites—Segments I and II pale, unarmed, hidden by the leg-sheaths; segments III to VII quite as in the tergites, the third segment with an interrupted row of spicules, about twelve in the middle and two larger ones on either side; in some specimens the row is complete and contains thirty to thirty-two spicules. Segments IV to V with complete rows of about twenty-four spicules; segment VI with a wavy, somewhat broken row of about twenty spicules; segment VII with about five feeble spicules on either side of the bare middle line; ninth sternite broader at base than at tip; tip truncate with the outer angles rounded with a very deep median split. Pleurites, non-chitinized, segments II to VII bearing spiracles, these spiracles located just caudad of the false transverse constriction and a little nearer to the sternites than the tergites.
Young pupe, when alive, are very pale, the soft abdomen being almost white, the chitinized anterior portion very pale hrown. Older pup are much darker, the chitinized parts he- coming black with a bronzy reflexion, the abdomen much paler, of a dirty brownish-grey. The breathing horns are dark brown on the apical half. Young pup, in aleohol, are light yellowish brown, abdomen clear yellow, the pleurites a little darker.
Length, from crest to tip of abdomen— é, 13.2-15.2 mm; °, 14-15.4 mm.
Dextro-sinistral width at wing-pad— 2, 2.1-2.2 mm.; ¢, 1.8-1.9 mm.
Dorso-ventral depth at wing-pad— ¢, 2.1-2.3 mm.; ?, 2.2 mm.
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 27
PUPA, 2
In this sex the crest is smaller (plate III, B), reduced to two triangular lobes with the notch between these lobes very deep; the antennal sheaths are not swollen basally so that the pro- notal breathing horns are visible from beneath; antenne short, extending to a point just beyond the base of the wing. Arrange- ment of the legs about as in ¢; in one specimen the two ter- minal tarsal segments of the hind legs project beyond the tips of the other feet; the base of the fore femur is not before the first bend but this segment of the leg is just at this bend. The ninth sternite of the abdomen (plate III, F) is triangular, quite pointed at the tip, with a deep median split; ninth tergite with a broad notch, the lobes small, triangular, divergent, not strongly chitinized and directed strongly dorsad. There is only a little difference in the shape of the ends of the abdomen in the ¢ and 2 pupa of this species.
30th sexes of the pupe described from numerous specimens, Fall Creek, Ithaca, New York, May 1, 1913.
ERIOCERA SPINOSA Osten Sacken 1859 Arrhenica spinosa Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 244. LARVA
Fully grown, fully extended, 40-45 mm.; diameter, 4-5 mm.
Color of larva varies from very pale whitish to rather dark brown; the skin has conspicuous bronzy reflexions in life. -
The larval head differs from that of 2. longicornis Walker, as deseribed before, in the following essentials. (See plate I, A).
Genal plates not ending in a sharp protuberance on their inner cephalic angle, the inner margin being almost straight. The lateral lobes of the frontal sclerite are very pronounced, longer than the labrum itself. The hairs at the tip of the antenne are shorter, not more than one-third to one-fourth the length of the segment. The mandibles (plate I, F) lack the prominent conical tooth at midlength. The head-eapsule is much broader in proportion to its length, measuring 3.) to, 3.8 mm. by 1.8 to 2 mm. (across the genal plates).
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Stigmal field (plate I, figure I) with the spiracles small, dorsal, rounded or rounded-oval, widely separated; four slen- der, elongate lobes around the stigmal field, one pair being lateral and the other ventral. Lateral lobes with the inner face having a narrow black line, this beginning as an enlarged black spot just ventrad of the spiracle, reaching the tip of the lobe; the dorsal outer edge of this lobe with a dense fringe of long conspicuous reddish hairs, the inner edge of the row beginning just laterad of the spiracle where the hairs are exceedingly short, gradually becoming longer to the tip where they are as long as the lobe itself. Ventral lobe with a narrow black line on the proximal face which divides at the base of the lobe, the ventral branch running along the ventral margin of the stigmal field, the dorsal branch paler, spreading out across the stigmal field and approaching its fellow of the opposite side on the middle line; a dense fringe of conspicuous reddish hairs on the tip of the lobe and continued on the outer dorsal side for a short distance toward the base. A few dusky brown spots on the stigmal field between the stigmata; two small hairs occu- pying the space between the stigmata. Underneath the caudal lobes and behind the swollen penultimate segment are the four caudal gills, short, stout, cylindrical, unbranched, the lateral pair directed outward, the inner pair directed caudad.
Deseribed from abundant larve from along Fall Creek, Ithaca, New York, above the second bridge, in Forest Home, May 1, 1913.
PUPA, ¢
Antennal sheaths elongated (plate II, figure E, plate IIT, figure D), the tip of the sheath lying just before the end of the middle metatarsus, in a few specimens even reaching beyond the tip. Cephalic crest (plate II, E, b) very reduced, scarcely projecting beyond the front level of the antenne; viewed from beneath (plate III, D), it is somewhat quadrate, the fore lateral angles produced into small pointed lobes bearing a long hair at the apex; viewed from the side (plate II, IE, b) it is seen to be notched, there being a second lobe, subequal to the ventral one in size, immediately behind it, this also bearing a large hair.
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 29
Spine on the scape of the antenne (plate IT, E, ¢; plate III, D) enormous, somewhat curved, directed ventrad. The inner caudal surface of the eye also bears a conspicuous tubercle. The tentorium between the caudal ends of the antennal scapes is produced into a small median tubercle (plate II, BE, d). The tubercles on the base of the labrum or end of the clypeus (plate II, KE, e) are very large, close together, the tips strongly chitinized.
Pronotal breathing horns long, slender (plate IT, E, a), broad at the base, tapering to a rather sharp point, the organ arcuated so that the point is bent strongly ventrad. Mesonotal seutellar lobe prominent, rather strongly projecting. Leg-sheaths with the terminal tarsal segments about on a common level and opposite the end of the third abdominal segment. Wing-pad light brown, the venaticn showing very clearly, the presence of cell M, in connection with the elongate antenne being char- acteristic of this species alone in Eastern America.
Second abdominal tergite with a conspicuous basal tubercle on either side of the median line. Spicules very strong, almost spinous, about twenty to twenty-two on tergites II to V. Ter- gites VI and VII destitute of spicules but with four subapical setiferous tubercles. Tergites II to VII with a conspicnous setiferous tubercle on the ventro-cephalic angle of each caudal annulet. Eighth tergite concave on caudal margin (plate II, D) bearing a pair of strong apical tubercles on either side of the median line. Sternites—Segment III with two spicules on each outer angle; segments IV to VI with about sixteen spicules (sometimes as many as twenty); segment VII with about ten. Segments IV to VII with a small setiferous tubercle about midlength of the caudal annulet, widely separated. Segment VIII (plate II, C) without soft pleural region, bearing an apical row of strong spines which is broken only on the dorsum and for a small space on the median line of the venter, there being about twenty of these spines on the segment. Ninth sternite (plate II, C, a) rounded, swollen, with a deep median furrow bearing a small lobe on the ventral side at the end of this split. Ninth tergite (plate II, D, a) produced caudad into two strong
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conical points with a V-shaped notch between them, these points directed caudad and slightly dorsad, each one a little split near the tip on the outer face and with a prominent lateral tooth at about mid-length.
Pleural region of abdomen rather restricted, longitudinally wrinkled. Spiracles large, elliptical, transverse, placed about mid-leneth of the segment. About three small setiferous tuber- eles on each pleuron ventrad and caudad of the spiracle; an- other setiferous tuberele on the dorso-cephalic angle of each pleuron.
In life, pupe vary from a very pale yellowish to dark, almost black, the deepest coloration being the head and thorax; the body often with bronzy reflexions.
Length, from crest to tip of abdomen—¢, 26.5-27 mm.; 2, 25-28.5 mm.
Dextro-sinistral width at wing-pad— ¢, 3.4-3.9 mm.; ?, 3.4-4 mm.
Dorso-ventral depth at wing-pad— ¢ , 4-4.2 mm.; 2, 3.5-4 mm.
PUPA, 2
Quite like the ¢, the sheath of the antenne short, reaching a point just beyond the end of the fore cox or some distance beyond the base of the wing. Ninth sternite (plate III, H) elongated, cylindrical, its tip rounded, feebly split underneath. Ninth tergite (plate III, I) very long, pointed, with a deep median split. —
Numerous ¢ 2 pupe, Fall Creek, Ithaca, New York, May 27, 1913, taken from the gravelly beds along the creek above the second bridge in Forest Home.
ERIOCERA FULTONENSIS Alexander 1912 Eriocera fultonensis Alexander; Psyche, vol. 19, p. 168, 169. LARVA Fully grown, fully extended, 18-26 mm.; diameter, 2 mm. Form long and slender. Color pale flesh color, the cephalic ‘segments a little darker, brownish, the enlarged subterminal swelling almost transparent.
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 31
The larval head differs from that of FE. longicornis Walker or E. spinosa O. S., as described before, in the following essentials :
Genal plates (plate I, D) at their inner cephalic angle evenly rounded, not produced into a prominent lobe. The labrum (plate I, B) is much more produced, conical, bearing a little tuft of hairs at the tip and a small, eylindrical, chitinized tubercle on either side of the tip; the lateral lobes are very prominent, cylindrical, densely clothed with lone short hairs, the lobes bent prominently inward. Antenne (plate I, C, a) more club-shaped, the distal end being larger than the base; hairs at the apex short. Mandibles (plate I, G) with a promi- nent conical tooth at mid-length, this tooth squarely truneated at apex and bearing a smaller tooth at its side. Size of the head-capsule, 2.7 by 1.2 mm., across the genal plates.
Stigmal field (plate I, J) with the spiracles rounded-oval to rounded, placed obliquely, very widely separated from one another. Four conspicuous lobes surrounding the stigmal field, of which one pair are lateral and the other ventral. Each lateral lobe slender, with a narrow straight black mark on its inner face, at its inner end, this mark scarcely if at all enlarged; the lobe bears a dense fringe of long, delicate, pale brown hairs along its dorsal face, these hairs quite inconspicuous due to their pale color. Each ventral lobe very long and slender, the inner face with a narrow, straight black line which is expanded out at the base into a dark brown triangular mark which meets its fellow of the opposite side on the median line, the two enclosing a pale, oval area between them; a fringe of rather long pale hairs on the apical third of this lobe. A pale brown mark runs from each stigma dorsad. Stigmal field almost destitute of dark spots or marks.
Deseribed from several larve taken in sandy banks of Fall Creek, Ithaca, New York, May 30, 1913.
PUPA, 32
The male pupa is quite like the @ described below; the bristles on the lobes of the crest are very long, exceeding the
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lobe itself, there being three of these elongated bristles on the dorsal lobe and one on the ventral lobe, it being directed caudad. In the ¢ the abdomen ends in a blunt, rounded lobe deeply divided into two parts, strongly suggestive of the powerful hypopygium of the adult male of this species. Total length of the ¢ pupa, 10-12 mm.
PUPA, 2
Differs from the pupa of the same sex of FE. longicornis (q. v.) in the following essentials:
The general form is much stouter and the body is covered with numerous appressed hairs. The sharp spine on the seape of the antenne is lacking; the lobes of the cephalic crest are small (see plate II, F, b; plate III, C) and tend to converge when viewed from beneath, and are covered with small, rounded warts or tubercles; in front, above the base of the antenna, are two more large lobes so that the erest is four-lobed instead of bi-lobed as in longicornis; these anterior lobes are smaller, rounded, and usually end in an apical tip or spur directed ven- trad. The pronotal breathing horns (plate II, F, a) are very long and rather slender; the mesonotum more convex than in longicornis; the wing-pad usually shows the venation clearly on the pale background and the presence of crossvein r connecting R, with R.+, is distinctive of this species; the absence of cell M, separates this pupa from E. brachycera O. S., spinosa O. S., et al. The leg-sheaths end almost on a level, the outer or hind pair being but a trifle longer than the two inner pair. The spicules on the caudal margin of the abdominal segments are smaller and more numerous, on some of the segments (fifth and sixth tergites) averaging forty. The ninth abdominal segment (plate IIIT, G) is much longer than in longicornis, the ninth tergite elongate, pointed, much longer than the ninth sternite and scarcely directed dorsad, being much more like a typical ovipositor than in longicornis.
Fully colored pupe are dark brown, the cephalic crest being paler, the pronotal breathing horn is pale yellow, darkening into brown at the tip. The wing-pads are light yellow with the
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 33
venation showing clearly, dark brown. The pleurites of the abdomen are darker brown than the sternites or tergites; ninth segment dull yellow.
Length, from crest to tip of abdomen— 2, 14-16 mm.
Dextro-sinistral width at wing-pad— 2, 1.8-2 mm.
Dorso-ventral depth at wing-pad— ¢, 2.5-2.7 mm.
These specimens were taken at Ithaca, New York, as larve on May 30, 1913; they were removed from the breeding jars as fully-colored pup on June 6, 1913. The single ¢ I possess is represented only by a cast skin, taken as a larva on May 30, and emerging as an adult fly on June 6.
34
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HXPLANATION OF PLATES
PLATE Tf.
Head-capsule of larva of Lriocera spinosa O. S., dorsal aspect, a little elongated to show the shape of the head of fultonensis and longicornis. a, mandible; b, antenna; c, maxilla; d, labrum; e, genal plate.
Clypeo-labral sclerite of EH. fultonensis Alex., dorsal aspect. Antenne of larvae. a, 2. fultonensis; b, EB. longicornis. Genal plate of FE. fultonensis, dorsal aspect.
Same of EF. longicornis.
Mandible of larva of FE. spinosa.
Same of -L. fultonensis.
Same of E. longicornis.
Dorso-caudal aspect of end of the abdomen of LE. spinosa larva. Same of FE. fultonensis.
Same of EZ. longicornis.
The stigmal field of the last-named, more enlarged.
PLATE II.
Ventral aspect of g pupa of EF. longicornis. a, cephalic crest; b, scape of antenna; c, anterior arms of the tentorium; d, maxilla; e, labrum; f, labium; g, fore coxa; h, fore femur; i, fore tibia; j, middle coxe; k, wing-pad; 1, elongate antennal sheath; m, second abdominal segment, bearing spiracle.
Dorsal aspect of g pupa of BE. longicornis. a, cephalic crest; b, enlarged base of antennx; c, pronotal breathing horns; d, mesonotal prascutum; e, meso- notal scutum; f, mesonotal postnotum.
Ventral aspect of end of abdomen of g pupa of EF. spinosa. a, ninth sternite; b, ninth tergite.
Dorsal aspect of same. a, ninth tergite; b, ninth sternite.
Lateral aspect of 9 pupa of EF. spinosa. a, pronotal breathing horn; b, cephalic crest; ¢, spine on antennal scape; d, tubercle on tentorium: e, tubercle on clypeus.
Same of EF. fultonensis. Same of E. longicornis.
PLATE III. Lateral aspect of g pupa of E. longicornis. Ventral aspect of 9 pupa of EL. longicornis. Same of ZL. fultonensis. Same of E. spinosa. Ventral aspect of head of 4 pupa of EF. longicornis. Lateral aspect of abdomen of 9 pupa of EZ. longicornis. Same of LZ. fultonensis. Ventral aspect of abdomen of 9 pupa of E. spinosa, Dorsal aspect of the same.
Biology of the North American Crane Flies ( Tipulide Diptera)
By
CHARLES Paut. ALEXANDER
1914 Pomona College Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Vol. VI, No.3, Sept.
Biology of the North American Crane Flies (Tipulidee, Diptera) Il. LIOGMA NODICORNIS Osten Sacken
CHARLES PAUL ALEXANDER ITHACA, N. ¥."
The genus Liogma belongs to the tribe Cylindrotomini, an interesting group of the Tipulide. Baron Osten Sacken in the Monographs of the North American Diptera speaks of them as a ‘*small, but very remarkable group of species, occupying an isolated and intermediate position between the Tipulidé brevipalpi and longipalpi.”’ The structure of the adult flies, especially as regards certain details of the venation of the Wings, is quite unique but it is in the immature stages of the different genera that the most interesting distinctions are found. The larva, instead of living in the mud along the banks of streams or in rotten wood as do the majority of the known crane-fly larve, dwell upon the leaves of various terrestrial and aquatic plants; instead of being brown or grey in color, they are bright green and usually resemble the leaves of their host-plants to a very remarkable degree.
The larva of Cylindrotoma distinctissima Meigen lives on the lower surface of the leaves of various plants (Stellaria L.., Anemone (Tourn.) L., Viola (Tourn.) L.) and eats elongated holes in them. The larva before undergoing its transforma. tions, leaves its host-plant and crawls to some grass-stalk, where it passes the pupal stage. The larva of Triogma trisul- cata Schummel, is aquatic, living on the leaves of the submerged moss, Fontinalis antipyretica L., in small alpine streams where it was first found in Saeckingen at an altitude of nearly 4000 feet; it spends the winter as a larva, the first specimens being found by Prof. Steinmann at the end of April, fourteen days
“Contribution from the Limnological Laboratory of the Department of Ento- mology in Cornell University.
106 JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
after the melting of the snow. The larva of Phalacrocera replicata Vu. has lone been known to entomologists as it was first figured by Degeer in 1776. It lives in the water amongst the aquatie plants and mosses; Bengtsson and Mueggenbure believe that it has but one generation in a year, spending the entire winter in the larval state; Miall and Shelford, however, think that it is possible that there are two or more generations of Phalacrocera in a single season. The species of the genus Liogma O. S. are terrestrial, and live on mosses of the genus Hypnum Dill. They will be considered in detail in the remain- der of the paper.
The genus Liogma was proposed in 1869 by Osten Sacken for the two species known at the time,-Cylindrotoma glabrata Meigen of the western Palearetic region and C. nodicornis Osten Sacken of the eastern Nearetie region. The erection of the genus at this time was merely tentative and neither species was designated as type; it was not until later that the American nodicornis was chosen. <A third species, Liogma kuwanai Alexander, has been described from the eastern Pale- aretie region but of this form only the adult fly is known.
The larva of the European species, Liogma glabrata, was first found by Mr. DeRossi in 1876, but its discoverer was quite at a loss to identify his remarkable insect. In 1878, Osten Sacken, using this short description of DeRossi, pointed out the affinities of this larva with the Cylindrotomini and sug- gested that it was the larva of Triogma, then unknown. In 1901, Dr. Mueggenbure’s excellent paper on Liogma glabrata appeared and the larva and pupa are therein described in great detail. The larva of glabrata was found in the woods in the environs of Berlin, in grassy wet spots where the moss, Hypnum squarrosum Breh. & Sehp., occurs. The following interesting details are taken from Dr. Mueggenbure’s paper: the complete metamorphosis of the insect requires one year, of which time but a comparatively short period is oceupied by the egg (8 to 10 days) and pupal state (11 to 12 days). The duration of the adult life is not known but it is certainly short and even in the male sex oceupies but a few weeks at the
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maximum. Near Berlin, the flies emerge during the first half of July. The males appear first, the females later, and these latter were always seized in copulation by the males just after they had forsaken the pupal skin and while still teneral and undeveloped. (In this regard compare also Mik (Entomol. Nachricht, p. 200, pp. 315, 316, 1886); and Candell (Proe. Ent. Soe. Wash., pp. 45-46, 1918). Hach female lays about sixty eges (like Phalacrocera, according to Miall and Shelford) and these are deposited singly on the leaves or branches or attached lightly to the axils of the leaves of H. squarrosum. The female dies soon after the accomplishment of oviposition. The larvae when newly emerged, lack the beautiful moss-green color of the later stages and are ashy-grey. The animal grows very slowly in the autumn, and throughout the winter is still very small and difficult to detect. In the spring the growth is greatly accelerated and the larva becomes fully grown during the latter half of June. While growing, the animal molts several times, probably at least eight, the number determined for Phalacro- cera by Bengtsson. Pupation oceurs in the moss where the larva happens to be. In its green color with brown blotches, the larva simulates remarkably the color of the host-plant and the effect of the shadows cast by various foreign bodies such as plant-stems and leaves. As Mueggenburg says: ‘‘so com- pletely does our larva harmonize with its environment. that even a practiced eye succeeds only after long inspection in
29
discovering it on the moss branches. The extreme sluggish- ness of the larva, so characteristic of the American nodicornis, is described for this form. Considering our very seanty knowl- edge of the immature stages of crane-flies, Dr. Mueggenbure’s statement that the distribution of the larva is restricted by the distribution of this one moss, Hypnum squarrosum, must be taken to be a little too extreme. I have but little doubt but that the larva of glabrata will be found on other related species of Hypnum when further collections are made.
The American species, nodicornis, is of especial interest since it is the genotype. The larva was first observed around Ithaca, N. Y., in the spring of 1913. On May 7, Miss Eudora
108 JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
F. Tuttle found a large, nearly full-grown larva in moss, Hypnum cupressiforme a. in Caseadilla gorge; the specimen was given to me on the 11th and placed in breeding-jars con- taining damp moss of the same species. On May 8th, I went to Coy Glen, near Ithaca, and there sifted a dead larva from another species of Hypnum; on May 11th I secured another larva from the moss in Caseadilla gorge, and this specimen was likewise transferred to my breeding-jars. On May 25th when these jars were examined, it was found that both specimens had pupated but were still very pale and uncolored. On May 30th, one female emerged from these pupwe and was identified as being this species.
The larve of Liogma are the most sluggish of any crane-flies known to me. They move only with great slowness and at most times appear to be quite dead. They crawl about amongst the stems of their host-plant and probably never leave it, not even to pupate.
At Orono, Maine, I sifted some Hypnwn in Standpipe woods on June 16th and found two fully-colored pupwe, which were killed for specimens on June 17th; on the latter date I found a third pupa in the same woods.
In nature the insects probably emerge about the middle or latter part of June and adult flies may be found in June and July. The rapid development and early emergence of these flies in breeding-jars where they are influenced by artificial conditions of heat, light and moisture has been mentioned earlier by Dr. Mueggenbure and others. In our breeding-jars the length of the pupal stage was apparently not more than six days but in the field it is undoubtedly longer.
In the northern part of its range the adult flies probably do not appear before July (IKKearner, Ont., July 9, 709; St. Johns, Queb., July 20, 701). In the northern United States the insects are on the wing in late June and early July. (Orono, Me., June 8, ’13; Ellsworth, Me., June 15 to July 4, ’18; Machias, Me., July 25, 07; Manchester, Vt., June 6, 710; Montpelier, Vt., June
25, ’06). In New York state the flies are common in damp
* Determined by Mr. H. D. House and Prof. C. H. Peck of Albany, N. Y.
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 109
swampy woods supporting a Canadian fauna and flora. In Fulton county, N. Y., I have taken the form in the gorge of the Cayudutta creek at Johnstown on June 15, ’09, which is the earliest date for the county. At Mountain Lake bog-pond both sexes were found in abundance on June 26, ’09. At Vanden- burg’s pond on June 19, 1911, I found the insect in numbers and a living female placed in a vial with a male Phalacrocera tipulina was taken in copulation at once and remained ‘‘in coitu’’ for several hours. The last specimens for the year in this county were found at Sacandaga Park on June 27, 1911. As we approach the southern limit of their range they probably emerge in late Aprilor early May. (Hazleton, Pa., June 8, 710; Wooster, Ohio, May 31, 712; Black Mountains, Buncombe county, N. C., May 23, 712). The adult insects are sluggish and do not fly readily and they may be swept from the vegetation that sur- rounds their haunts. They frequent the rank growth around small shaded ponds where they occur with numerous other crane-flies of the Canadian fauna. At Ithaca, this form is most common in the gorges and on the moist shaded hillsides to which little sunlight penetrates.
I am indebted to the following persons for the data on the geographical distribution of the adult flies: Mr. C. W. Johnson, Mr. M. C. VanDuzee, Miss C. J. Stanwood, Dr. W. G. Dietz, and Mr. J. H. Houser. And to Dr. Needham and Miss Tuttle for kind help in the securing of the immature stages.
This work has been done in the Limnological Laboratory of Cornell University under the direction of Dr. Needham, to whom my thanks are due for kind suggestions concerning many points.
A Key to tHE Known Larva or THE CYLINDROTOMINI 1. Body appendages long, filiform; aquatic or nearly so on Fontinalis antipyretica, Hypnwn elodes, H. exannulatwm, Ranunculus fluitans, ete.
(Palearctic) Phalacrocera replicata I. Body appendages shorter, leaf-like. Y)
2. Dorsal appendages all simple; terrestrial on Viola biflora V., Stellaria nemoralis, Anemone nemorosa, ete.
(Palearctic) Cylindrotoma distinctissima Meig.
Some of the dorsal appendages bearing teeth on the anterior convex side. 3
110 JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
3. Some of the dorsal appendages bearing four teeth on the anterior face; aquatic on Fontinalis antipyretica. (Palearctic) Triogma trisulcata Schumm. The dorsal abdominal appendages with not more than two teeth; terrestrial on Hypnum. 4 4. Most of the dorsal appendages bearing two teeth; on Hypnum squarrosum. (Palearctic) Liogma glabrata Meig. Most of the dorsal appendages bearing a single lateral tooth; on Hypnum cupressiforme and a related species. (Nearetic) Liogma nodicorns O. S.
Larve of the Cylindrotomini may be distinguished from those of other crane-flies by the following easily determined points: color green or greenish; the body provided with filiform or leaf-like appendages; larve living upon various Bryophytie or Spermatophytic plants.
A Key to THE KNown Larva AnD Pup or THE Genus Liocma OsTtEN SACKEN
LARVA
1. Prothoracic segment bearing four conspicuous dorsal pro- jections about ina line. Meso- and metathoraces with two pairs of dorsal appendages, each bearing two lateral teeth in front. Second abdominal segment with four dorsal appendages of which the last two bear two teeth in front.
glabrata Meigen
Prothoracic segment bearing four inconspicuous dorsal tubercles. Meso- and metathoraces with two pairs of dorsal appendages, the anterior pair small, both pairs simple. Second abdominal segment with four dorsal appendages of which the last two bear a single small tooth in front. nodicorms Osten Sacken
PUP
1. Pronotal breathing horns directed cephalad and dorsad. Mesonotum bearing two pairs of spines, the more anterior being the smaller, situated just behind the breathing- horns, the posterior pair larger. Metanotum with two pairs of spines. Abdomen with the first tergite bearing two pairs of spines of which the first has two lateral branches, the second simple; the second tergite bears two
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY alilal
pairs of spines of which the first has two lateral branches, the second, one branch; the third tergite bears three pairs of spines of which the first is very short and simple, the second with two lateral branches, the third with one branch; tergites IV and V with three pairs of branches of which the first two are similar to those of the third seg- ment, the last possessing two lateral branches. glabrata Meigen Pronotal breathing horns directed cephalad and ventrad. Mesonotum spineless. Metanotum with one pair of spines. Abdominal tergites bearing but a single pair of appen- dages which are unbranched and correspond in position to the last or more posterior of those of the Kuropean species. nodicornis Osten Sacken
DevratLeD CHARACTERIZATION OF THE IMMATURE STAGES or Lroama NODICORNIS O. S.
LARVA (Plate I)
Fully grown, length, 14.5-15 mm.; maximum breadth, 3 mm.; maximum depth, 2.5 mm.
Color when living, light green, the numerous spines which cover the body are darker; sides with seven oblique marks, the first of which is on the first abdominal segment, the last on the seventh; the marks on the ends are the smallest and least distinct, the five intermediate marks being large and conspicuous; these marks of one side are all parallel to one another; the caudal face of the ventral lobes which protect the stigmal field, deep black.
Head retracted into the first thoracic segment. Antenne two- segmented, the basal segment elongate-eylindrical, the tip very short, thimble-shaped, its diameter less than that of the elongate basal segment. Maxille with the palpi very short and broad, the basal segment chitinized, the tip narrow, pale; the shape of the maxilla and its palpus is shown in figure 3 of plate I. The mandible works vertically; many-toothed on the inner face at the tip as shown in figure 2 of plate I. The labium has about seven teeth on either side, the ones on either side of the median line being the larger (figure 4 of plate If).
11 JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
Prothorax, in front, sloping from the anterior end, on the ventral slope provided with the lip-like lobes and the transverse slit through which the head-capsule is exserted. The upper lip is the higher, not strongly chitinized, provided with a few small scattered bristles which are more numerous on the sides of the lobe; lower lip not so high, with small scattered bristles that are not arranged in a row as in glabrata. At the angle of the slit is a small rounded lobe bearing a small bristle. Dorsal body appendages reduced to a pair of lobes in front separated by a space a little wider than one of them, and a pair of smaller ones behind very widely separated. Lateral body appendage long, conspicuous. Ventral body appendages not apparent.
Meso- and metathoraces swollen and arched ventrally like the prothorax. Dorsal appendages two, a small conical one in front and a much larger one behind which bears a small tooth in front and with its tip directed backward. Lateral appendages viewed from above, two in number, the anterior one larger, directed sharply backward, the second smaller, conical. Ventral appen- dages viewed from the side, two, of which the anterior one is the larger, the posterior pair small, slightly behind the others.
Abdominal segments, dorsal appendages: first segment with two pairs of appendages, the anterior shorter, conical, the tip strongly recurved and bearing a tiny tooth on its anterior face at about midlength; the posterior are much longer with the tip bent strongly backward, a small tooth on the anterior face at about one-third the length. Segments II to VII with four pairs of appendages, the first very small, conical; the second exactly similar but larger; the third and fourth similar to those appendages of the first abdominal segment; the tiny first appendage is largest on the second segment, becoming smaller toward the end of the body. Lateral appendages: first segment with three appendages, the first of which is directed laterad, the posterior two more recurved and directed caudad. Segments Il to VIL with four pairs of lateral appendages of which the first is very small, situated at the antero-lateral angle of the segment, the other three teeth are subequal and directed caudad. Ventral appendages, first segment with three pairs of appendages which
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 113
are successively larger, from the short anterior one to the large posterior one. Segments Il to VII with five pairs of appendages of which the first three are small, the fourth intermediate between them and the enlarged fifth.
Highth segment bearing the stigmal field and the caudal appendages. Dorsal side of this field with a pair of long slender lobes which are bent conspicuously cephalad. Stigmal field (figure 5 of plate I) very small, oval, the two rounded-oval stigmata are situated side by side and close to one another, facing one another and capable of being closely appressed. On the ventral side of the stigmal field are two lobes, directed ventrad, which Dr. Mueggenburge regards as being the ninth segment, the inner faces of these lobes with a conspicuous jet- black line, the tip ending in a sharp recurved hook. Ventral surface of the terminal segments with small protuberances.
pupa (Plate IT)
Length from head to the tip of the abdomen, ¢, 10.4-11.4 mm.; ?, 10-15 mm.
Length from head to tip of tarsi, ¢,5.2-5.3mm.; 2, 5.1-5.4 mm.
Dextro-sinistral width at the wing-pad, ¢, 2-2.2mm.; 2, 2.2-2.6 mm.
Dorso-ventral depth at the wing-pad, ¢, 1.9-2.2 mm.; 2, 2.1-2.5 mm.
Living pup have the breathing horns light yellow, the ter- minal half a little more brownish; a brownish-black mark on the prescutum; the abdomen is greenish, more yellow behind; the dorsal spines are clear light green throughout, ocea- sionally the tips a little infuscated. Alcoholic pupa—meso- notal prescutum with a dark brownish-black mark, irreg- ularly U-shaped, the arms of the U directed backward, the dark color produced caudad and cephalad along the middle line from this mark; a triangular or rounded black spot on either side of the scutellar lobe; metanotum with a large blackish median blotch which is continued cephalad onto the mesonotal postnotum. Abdomen with an interrupted brownish-black longitudinal line along either side of the middle of the dorsum; the caudal margin
114 JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
of each tergite suffused with brown. In old and fully colored pup, the bases of the dorsal spines are brown, the tips paler; the head and thorax with appendages brown, sometimes very dark; abdomen yellowish.
Male—Bases of the antenne approximated on either side of the middle line of the venter lying between the cephalic half of the compound eyes; antenne rather enlarged, directed cephalad, bending around the anterior margin of the eye and thence directed caudad; the antenna ends between the fore tibixe and femora just beyond the joint, the tip about on a level with the lobes of the labium; in older pup the peculiar nodose segments of the imago show through the sheath. Eyes rather large; labrum elongate, slender. Cephalic portion of the head very flat and broad without spines; a small blunt tubercle between the antennal bases.
Pronotal breathing horns large, conspicuous, directed dorsad and laterad, the apical half bent rather suddenly cephalad. Mesonotum feebly wrinkled. Metanotum with two long slender spines arising beyond midlength of the segment, directed caudad and scarcely dorsad, their tips parallel or slightly convergent. The fore femur is long, ending on a level with the caudal portion of the eye; the fore tarsi are shortest, the hind tarsi longest, this relation holding for all the tarsal segments throughout; the tip of the hind legs is just before the caudal margin of the third abdominal segment. Wings broad, reaching the caudal margin of the second abdominal segment.
Abdomen, viewed from above, with the first segment about one-half as long as the second; segments II to VII subequal in length. Tergites | to VII bear a long slender spinous projection from either side of the median line, shortest on the anterior segments, longest on the seventh segment. These projections arise from near the caudal margin, those on the anterior seg- ments more parallel, those on the rear segments becoming diver- gent; these projections are directed caudad and dorsad, those behind being almost perpendicular to the body. Segments II to VII have the lateral margins produced into three sharp spines, these spines being near the base, middle and caudal portion of
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY T15
each segment. ‘These spines are directed laterad and caudad, the terminal spine more sharply caudad than the other two. Sternites side, these being very widely separated, about midway between the median line and the lateral margin of the segment; seement
Segment IIT with a small subapical spine on either
IV with the same spines but larger and more prominent; see- ments V to VIL similar but with another pair of small spines about midlength of the segment and much nearer to the middle line of the body. Segments IT to VII with a subbasal triangular pit or mark, widely separated. Highth tergite with the caudal margin rounded, concave, the lateral angles produced backward, upward and slightly outward as strong spines; suture on the ventral surface incomplete; two small spines on either side of the middle line of the body. Ninth tergite produced caudad as two strong, parallel, spinous projections. Hypopygium from beneath, the lower valve very long, about concealing the dorsal valve, at its tip with four small spines directed outward and caudad, these spines on the caudo-lateral angle of the segment. (See figure 1 of plate IT).
Female—Very similar to the male, the antennal sheaths smaller and not so closely approximated basally; the lower valve of the ninth segment slender, obtuse at apex, Sais notched ; upper valves broader, longer, with a deep median split, the lobes rounded. (See figures 3 and 4 of plate IT).
Larva described from one specimen taken in Coy Glen, Ithac: ‘ N. Y., May 8, 1913:
Pup described from two females; Cascadilla creek, Ithaca, N, Y., killed on May 30, 1913. (One taken as a fully-grown larva, May 7, 1913, by Miss EKudora F. Tuttle; the other taken by the author as a larva on May 11).
Two pupx from Orono, Maine, killed on June 17, 1913, and a third fully-colored specimen from the same place on June 19, A BrsnioGrRaPHy oF THE IMMATURE STaGEs OF THE CYLINDROTOMINI
General Osten Sacken 1897 Remarks on the literature of the earlier stages of the C ylin-
drotomini, a section of the Tipulidw. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.. pp. 362-366.
116 JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
Cylindrotoma distinctissima Meigen Boie 1838, 1839 Zur Verwandlung geschichte inlandischer Zweiflugler; No. 1. Limnobia distinctissima. Naturhistorisk Tidskrift af H. Kroejer, p. 234. Schellenberg 1803 Genres de Mouches Dipteres, p. 22, 23; pl. 27, fig. 1 (as Tipula histrio Pabr., i. e., Pachyrhina). Zeller 1842 Dipterologische Beitrage. Pt. 2, Limnobia distinctissima (Wied) Meig. Isis, 808, 810.
Liogma glabrata Meigen Mueggenburg 1901 The larva and pupa of Cylindrotoma glabrata Meig. 1818, a contribution to a knowledge of the Tipulidw. Beiheft zum Archiy. fur Naturgeschichte, vol. 67. (Title in German, trans- lated above).
Osten Sacken 1878 Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. 4, p. 5.
Rossi, de 1876 Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. 2, pp. 30, 31.
Rossi, de 1902
Cylindrotoma glabrata. Insekt. Borse, vol. 19, p. 111.
Phalacrocera replicata Linneus. Bengtsson 1897 Studier oefver Insektlarver. 1 Till Kaennedomen om larven af Phalacrocera replicata (Lin.), pp. 1 to 117; 4 pl., 40 fig. Bengtsson 1899 Ueber sogenannten Herzkorper bei Insektenlarven, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Blutgewebe. Bihang till k. svenska Vet. Akad. Handlingar, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 1-23.
Degeer 1773 Nova Acta Upsal., pp. 66-77, pl. 6.
Degeer 1776 Mem. Hist. Ins., vol. 6, p. 351, pl. 20, figs. 1-16.
Degeer 1782
Abhandlungenzur geschichte der Insekten, pp. 135-141. Aus dem Franzosischen ubersetzt und mit anmerkungen heraus- gegeben.
Engel 1884
Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. 10, p. 260.
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 117
Giard 1895 Bull. Soe. Ent. France, p. cexxxv. Grube 1868 Ueber eine noch nicht beschreibene Dipterenlarva des suss- wassers. Jahresb. d. Schles. Gesellsch. der Vaterl. Cultur fur 1867. Gruenberg 1910 Die Susswasserfauna Deutschlands. Heft 2A. Diptera, erster teil, pp. 32-35, figs. 33-40. Holmgren 1907 Das ‘‘endolabialmetamere’’ der Phalacrocera larva. Zool. Anzeig., vol. 32, pp. 73-97. Miall and Shelford 1897 The Structure and Life-history of Phalacrocera replicata. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pp. 343-361, pl. 8-11.
Triogma trisulcata Schummel Muller 1908, 1909 Ueber die larva yon Triogma trisuleata Schumm. Ann. de Biol. Lacustre, vol. 3, p. 15. Steinmann 1907, 1908 Die Tierwelt der Gebirgsbaeche, eine faunistisch biologische studie. Ann. de Biol. Lacustre, vol. 2, p. 107, (as Phalacrocera).
118
Figure Figure Figure Figure
Figure ;
Figure
Figure Figure
Figure
Figure 4.
1. 2. ah A.
wo
JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
HXPLANATION OF THE PLATES
PLATE I. THE LARVA.
Dorsal aspect of the larva. Mandible, lateral aspect.
Mandible, ventral aspect. a, mandible; 6, antenna. Mouthparts, ventral aspect. a, maxillary palpus; 6,
d, labium.
stipes; c,
eardo;
Caudal end of the larva, caudal aspect, looking into the stigmal field.
Lateral aspect of the larva.
PLATE II. THE PUPA.
Lateral aspect of the pupa; male.
Dorsal aspect of the pupa; male.
Dorsal aspect of the end of the abdomen; female. Ventral aspect of the end of the abdomen; female.
PLATE I
THE CRANE-FLIES OF THE FIJI ISLANDS
(Reprinted from the Annals of the Entomological Society of America)
ON A COLLECTION OF CRANE-FLIES (TIPULIDAE, DIPTERA) FROM THE FIJI ISLANDS
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER
ITHACA, N. Y.
September, 1914 ; - ~ 3 pages 239-246
ON A COLLECTION OF CRANE-FLIES (TIPULIDAE DIPTERA) FROM THE FIJI ISLANDS.
By Cuarves Paut ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.*
The following crane-flies were included in material sent to Mr. Harry H. Knight by Dr. James F. Illingworth. The only published reference to the Tipulid fauna of these islands is included in Skuses Diptera of Australia (vol. IV, 2nd series, 1889) and his records are mentioned herewith. I am indebted to Dr. Ilingworth and Mr. Knight for this material. The types are in the collection of the author.
Family Tipulidae. Subfamily Limnobinae. Tribe Limnobini.
Dicranomyia saltens Doleschall. 1857 Limnobia saltens Doleschall; Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., vol. 14, p. 390, pl. 2, fig. 3.
Two, a male and a female, from Nadi on July 27. This seems to be the most easterly station so far made known for this species; it has been recorded from southern India, Java, the Philippine Islands, etc.
Dicranomyia illingworthi, sp. n.
Wings hyaline with sparse brown markings; Sc short ending just beyond the origin of Rs.
Male, length, 4.6 --5 mm.; wing, 5.2 --6.8 mm.
Male: Rostrum and palpi brown. Antenne dark brown, the flagellar segments globular in shape. Head dark brown.
Thorax rather uniformly dark brown, stripes on the praescutum not well-defined, lobes of the scutum a little darker. Pleurze uniform brown. Halteres pale, stem moderate in length. Legs, coxz light brown, trochanters brown. Wings hyaline, veins brown; a small rounded brown stigmal spot; pale seams at Ses, base of Rs and on the cross-veins and deflections of veins along the cord and outer end of cell Ist Mo. Venation: (See fig. 1.) Sc short, ending just beyond the origin of Rs. Basal deflection of Cu; before the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites slightly darkened, the sternites pale, the abdo- men rather transparent. Hypopygium with the pleurites short, cylin- drical; dorsal-appendage chitinized short, slightly curved and acute at apex; ventral appendage large, pale, almost white, with the outline rounded, the inner lobe produced mesad into a cylindrical, feebly chitinized, point that bears two bristles which are directed caudad., (See fig. 7.)
*Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University,
239
240 Annals Entomological Society of America _[Vol. VII,
Holotype, o@, Nadi, Fiji Is., 7-28, 18. Paratypes, 4 a's, with the type.
Libnotes strigivena Walker. Limnobia strigivena Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., V, 229, 1861.
This species is recorded by Skuse (Diptera of Australia, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, IV, series 2nd, 787, 1889).
Tribe Antochini.
Teucholabis fijiensis, sp. n.
Head dark; thorax with three brown stripes, pleure spotted with brown; wings yellowish with brown spots.
Male, length, 7 mm.; wing, 7.4 mm.
Male: Rostrum brown, palpi dark brown. Antenne with the basal segments of the flagellum rounded, brown. Eyes large, contigu- ous on the vertex; head dark greyish black.
Pronotal scutum dull yellow, brown medially above; a brown spot on the lateral end. Mesonotal praescutum light yellow with three stripes of which the median one is longest and broadest, extending from the cephalic margin to the transverse suture. The lateral stripes are short and narrow, behind, crossing the transverse suture and ending on the anterior border of the scutal lobes; the lateral margin of the sclerite is suffused with dark brown. Scutum and scutellum brown except the median portion of the former which is pale. Postnotum dark brown. Pleure dull yellow, the episternites of the pro- and mesothoraces brown. Halteres pale. Legs, coxze, fore and middle, brown, hinder pair paler; trochanters pale yellow; femora yellowish brown with a broad brown subapical ring; tibize and tarsi brown. Wings vellowish, stigmal spot large, prominent, a small seam on Sce; seams at the base of Rs, along the cord and on the outer end of cell Ist Me. Venation: (See fig. 2.) cross-vein r at the tip of the long R,; and so placed slightly beyond the middle of Ro43.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the caudal margin a little more yellowish; the basal two or three sternites yellowish, the others more brown. Hypopygium with the ninth tergite having the caudal margin rounded and very feebly notched medially. Pleurze short, clothed with sparse long hairs. Dorsal appendage of the pleurite jointed at the base, pale, clothed with numerous long hairs at the base, at the tip slightly bifid underneath. The ventral appendage is a long elongation of the pleura, not jointed at its base, darker and more chitinized; toward the tip it is constricted, the actual apex expanded and bearing a few small hairs. (See fig. 8).
Holotype, @, Nadi, Fiji Is., 7-28,'13.
1914] Tipulidae from Fiji Islands. 241
Tribe Eriopterini. Gonomyia (Leiponeura) fijiensis, sp. n.
Thorax brown, lateral margin of the praescutum yellow; wings with the costal margin yellow, the membrane light brown and hyaline diver- sified, stigma lacking.
Male, length, 4.9 mm. Female, length, 4.8-5.1 mm.; wing, 4.3- 4.4 mm.
Male: Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne light sulphur yellow, the flagellar segments a little paler. The head bright sulphur yellow with three pale brown marks, a median one on the frontal tubercle and others on the sides of the vertex.
Pronotum light yellow. Mesonotal praescutum dark clove-brown the lateral margin between the pseudosuture and the transverse suture yellow, scutum, scutellum amd postnotum dark brown. Pleure light yellow, a broad brown lateral stripe, deepest ventrally fading into the yellow of the dorsal pleurites above, extending from the ventral surface of the cervical sclerites through the halteres to the posterior portion of the mesonotal postnotum; the area between this stripe and the praescu- tum is light yellow suffused with brown near this stripe; sternites dark brown. Halteres light sulphur-yellow. Legs, fore coxe light sulphur- yellow except the extreme tip which is dark brown; trochanters light brown; remaining coxe dark brown on the basal half, paler brown apically and on the trochanters; remainder of the legs broken off and confused in the vials with the legs of several other species, but they are probably uniform dark brown. Wings with the costa and the subcosta conspicuously bright sulphur-yellow, remaining veins brown; wing suffused with brown and variegated in places with hyaline, as in cell R which completely lacks a stigma, in cell R, lst Mz and elsewhere. Vena- tion as in figure 3.
Abdominal tergites brown, broadly edged with yellow on the caudo- lateral margins, the brown always continuing to the caudal margin as a narrow median line except in the 8th tergite where the lateral and caudal margin is broadly yellow all around; sternites brown, very nar- rowly edged with paler on the caudal margin; pleurites broadly and conspicuously yellowish. Hypopygium with the 9th tergite short, broadly concave, yellow. Pleurites rather short, cylindrical, yellow, clothed with long pale hairs, bearing at the tip two appendages; the dorsal appendage is entirely fleshy with two arms, the one directed caudad, the other cephalad, the caudal arm densely clothed with abundant pale hairs, the cephalic arm with a chitinized bristle at the tip and about four smaller bristles on either side, subequal in length and evenly spaced. The ventral appendage is a long simple curved hook, very strongly chitinized. The 9th sternite is very high, convex and bears at its tip two strongly chitinized forked appendages that are directed caudad, the outer fork being cylindrical, acute, the inner fork flattened, twisted and directed entad. The penis-guard viewed from above (fig. 9) is narrow at the base, broadening toward the tip, the lateral edges chitinized and
242 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. VII,
passing into two sharp chitinized points; viewed from the side (fig. 10) these sharp tips are directed strongly ventrad and viewed from beneath (fig. 12) they are seen to be decussate. Gonapophyses short, directed dorsad at the tip which is blunt and truncated.
Female: Similar to the male but the head of one specimen is entirely dark, the dorsal brown stripe on the pleure clearer and narrower not grading insensibly into the yellow of the dorsal pleurites.
Holotype, o, Nadi, Fiji Is., 7-28, ’13. Allotype, 9, and paratype, 2, with the type.
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) varipes, sp. n.
Head yellow with a brown vertical spot; thoracic dorsum brown; legs banded brown and white; wings with the costal margin conspicu- ously bright yellow.
Female, length, 4.6 mm.; wing, 3.6 mm.
Female: Rostrum and palpi brown. Antenne with the two basal segments light yellow above, brown on the under surface; the two or three basal flagellar segments are yellowish, the remainder brown. Head light yellow, a narrow transverse brown mark across the front behind the antennze and a V-shaped brown mark on the vertex with its point directed cephalad.
Pronotum light brown except the scutellum which is very light yellow, a continuation of the dorsal pleural stripe. Mesonotal prae- scutum very dark clove-brown, uniform; scutum similar except the median portion and the outer caudal angles of the lobes which are paler; scutellum brown, the apical two-thirds pale; mesonotum light brown. Pleurze and sterna brown except a broad yellow line extending from the wing-root along the dorsal pleurites to the pronotum and a second broad whitish yellow stripe extending from the fore coxz, above the middle cox to underneath the halteres. Halteres uniform lght sulphur yellow. Legs,—fore legs, coxee light yellow at the base, the tip brown; trochanters brown; femora brown; tibiz, extreme base and apical two-fifths brown, the remainder china-white; metatarsus with the basal half white, remainder of the tarsi brown. One other leg is loose in the vial and belongs to either the middle or hind legs,—here the base of the femur is yellowish passing into brown at the tip; the tibie all white except the very narrow base and slightly broader apex which are brown and the metatarsus is white except the tip which is broadly brown; remaining tarsal segments brown. Wings, costa very con- spicuously pale sulphur-yellow, remaining veins brown; wing-mem- brane with a light brown suffusion; cell R; paler and containing the oval brown stigma. Venation as shown in figure 4.
Abdominal tergites and sternites dark brown, the pleural region paler.
Holotype, 2, Nadi, Fiji Is., 7-28, ’13.
1914] Tipulidae from Fiji Islands. 243
Erioptera (Erioptera) oceanica, sp. n.
Halteres dark at tip; wings light brown; male hypopygium with the pleura bearing a chitinized knob at tip.
Male, length, 6.3 mm.; wing, 5.4 mm.
Male: Rostrum and palpi brownish yellow. Antenne rather long, the flagellar segments rather elongate-oval; if bent backward the organ would extend beyond the wing-base; scape brown, the flagellar segments a little paler. Head dark brown and sparsely hairy.
Pronotum brown, clothed with brown hairs. Mesonotal praescu- tum light brownish yellow without apparent stripes but with a row of hairs on either side of the middle line; scutum, scutellum amd postno- tum brownish yellow, the latter with a narrow brown median line. Pleuree light brownish yellow. Halteres rather long, pale, the knob dark. Legs pale yellow with the two apical tarsal segments brown. Wings with a pale brown tinge, the costal region a little more yellowish; veins brown. Venation as in figure 5.
Abdomen long and slender, pale yellow, the seventh sternite brown. Hypopygium with the pleurites very long and slender, densely clothed with long yellow hairs; at the tip of the pleurite are two appendages, the one a dorsal chitinized appendage, slender at the base, swollen at the tip and slightly roughened apically, and a ventral, flattened fleshy lobe that is rather truncate at the tip. (See fig. 13).
Holotype, @, Nadi, Eiji Is., 7-28, ’13. Paratype, #, with the type.
Mongoma fijiensis, sp. n.
Trentepohlii group; wings subhyaline, indistinctly if at all marked; legs without white bands. :
Male, length, 6.8 mm.; wing, 5.5-5.6 mm.
Female, length, 8-8.6 mm.; wing, 6.4-6.6 mm.
Male and female: Rostrum and palpi yellowish. Antenne with the basal segments pale yellow, the flagellar segments brownish. Head dark brown. Neck elongate, brown dorsally, yellow beneath. Meso- notal praescutum light yellow with three elongate brown stripes, the median one broadest in front, narrowed behind and ending at the trans- verse suture; the lateral stripes are narrower, beginning just back of the pseudosutural foveee and continue back to the scutum where they suffuse the lobes. Scutum yellow, except the central portions of the lobes which are brown; scutellum and postnotum dark brown except a narrow margin of yellowish. Pleure light yellow, the sterna a little suffused with brown. MHalteres rather short, pale yellow. Legs, coxe and trochanters pale yellow, femora, tibiae and the first tarsal segment brown, the remainder of the legs broken off. Wings with a pale yellow suffusion; veins light brown; stigma rather pale; indications of slightly darker seams along the cord. Venation: (See figure 6). Fusion of Ist A and Ctr slight.
Abdominal tergites dark brown medially, this mark in the shape of a long triangle with its point directed cephalad; sternites pale yellow.
244 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. VII,
Holotype, &, Nadi, Fiji Is., 7-28, 713. Allotype, 2, and paratype, 2, with the type.
Mongoma, sp.
A species belonging to the fragillima and australasiae group in the Macleay collection mentioned by Skuse (Dipt. Aust., vol. 4, series second; Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., Sept. 25, 1889; p. 832, 833.)
Conosia irrorata, Wiedemann.
Sixteen females taken at a lamp at Nadi, Fiji Islands, July 28, 1913. This series shows a great difference in size in the different individuals. It was previously recorded from these islands by Skuse who noted a specimen in the Macleay collection. (1. c., p. 837, 838). The reason that this entire series consisted of females is undoubtedly due to the nocturnal oviposition in this species. Series of photophilous craneflies always show a preponderance of the female sex and many of these are gravid specimens ready to deposit their eggs, the others having laid the clutch earlier in the evening. When males occur at lamps or in trap- lanterns it is probable that copulation takes place in the twilight or early evening. :
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE XXXIV.
Fig. 1. Wing of Dicranomia illingworthi, sp n. Fig. 2. Wing of Teucholabis fijiensis, sp. n. Fig. 3. Wing of Gonomyia (Letponeura) fijiensis, sp. n. Fig. 4. Wing of Gonomyia (Gonomyia) varipes, sp. n. Fig. 5. Wing of Erioptera (Erioptera) oceanica, sp. n. Fig. 6. Wing of Mongoma fijiensis, sp. n. PLATE XXXV. Fig Hypopygium of Dicranomyia illingworthi; dorsal aspect of the pleurite.
ie Fig. 8. Hypopygium of Teucholabis fijiensis; dorsal aspect of the pleurite. ig. 9. Hypopygium of Gonomyia (Leiponeura) fijiensis; dorsal aspect. d—dor- sal appendage; v—ventral appendage; p—penis-guard.
Fig. 10. Hypopygium of Gonomyia (Letponeura) fijtensis; lateral aspect. p— penis-guard; pl—pleurite; s—9th sternite.
Fig. 11. Hypopygium of Gonomyia (Leiponeura) fijiensis; ventral aspect of the 9th sternite.
Fig. 12. Hypopygium of Gonomyia (Leiponeura) fijiensis; ventral aspect of the penis-guard.
Fig. 13. Hypopygium of Erioptera (Erioptera) oceanica; pleurite, lateral aspect.
d—dorsal appendage; v—ventral appendage.
G fF. Alexander,
ANNALS E. S. A. VOL. VII, PLATE XXXV.
C. P. Alexander.
ON A SOLLEC TION OF; CRANE-FLIES FROM BRITISH GUIANA Tipulidae, Diptera
By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER
From the Transactions of the American Entomological Society, xl, 223-255
Issued September 25, 1914
ON A COLLECTION OF CRANE-FLIES FROM BRITISH GUIANA (TIPULIDAE, DIPTERA)!
BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER Ithaca, New York
The present paper is the result of the study of an extensive series of crane-flies collected in British Guiana by the well-known ento- mologist, Mr. H.S. Parish, during 1912 and 1913. The material at hand consists of some 1200 specimens representing fifty-five species of which twenty-four are herein considered as new. Unless stated otherwise the specimens were taken at light as explained under Mr. Parish’s account of his trip. The habit of many of the species of ovipositing at twilight or during the night explains why so many of the individuals secured at the lights were females.
The types and uniques are deposited in the collection of the author. Paratypes of several of the species have been placed in the collections of the United States National Museum, the Hungarian National Museum, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia and the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Mr. Parish’s Account of the Trip:
I boarded my steamer at New York and after a journey lasting seventeen days I arrived at Georgetown, the capital of British Gui- ana, on November 28, 1912. On the second day after my arrival at Georgetown I caught the river boat that plies between there and Bartica, which latter place I reached after a pleasant trip of about 40 miles up the Essequibo River. Bartica is a pretty little village having a population of between 800 and 1000 including the Indians. The weather there is, on the whole, rather uncertain though one can generally depend on a little rain every day, excepting from September to November, during which months the rainfall is very slight. However, as I remarked above, one cannot place any dependance on the weather and it is well for the prospective col- lector to include in his impedimenta a good waterproof cape andan umbrella as a safeguard against fever and for his personal comfort.
1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL. (17)
224 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
This colony is thickly covered with forest, in the interior abound- ing in valuable hardwoods. The house at which I stopped while at Bartica was about 150 yards from the forest and formed an ideal location for one employed in my vocation. This house had two floors; the one on the second, facing the woods, was fitted with a gallery or balcony in which there were several windows. Darkness falls very quickly here, there being but little twilight, so that as soon as the sun set I would repair to the balcony I have described above and make preparations for the evening’s work. The method I adopted was to hang a sheet under my oil-lamp that is provided with a reflector, thereby proving a great attraction for various insects. Then with net in hand and cyanide bottles within easy reach, I was ready for my evening’s catch, that is to say as ready as is possible, for within an hour they were trooping in a good deal faster than I could handle them. Sometimes there would be as many as fifty or even one hundred craneflies flying against the ceiling, besides numerous moths, beetles, ete. It was truly a happy hunting ground for the enthusiastic collector and one, much to the disgust of my landlord, from which I could hardly tear myself away.
My time for rising was six A. M. and from then on until eleven A. M. I would employ my time in drying, papering or pinning the specimens that I had captured on the previous day and night. From half past eleven until after five in the afternoon, I would go afield for specimens. My experience is, that for successful cranefly collecting, one should select damp, shady spots, most of the species being found in such places though some are found on hilly ground. I never saw the craneflies swarming as I have noticed them doing in Toronto, excepting at Mallali and then only three or four together.
After leaving Bartica I went back to Georgetown and from there took a steamer to Wismar which is the highest point at which the Demerara River is navigable by that steamer. I remained over night at this place and then took a smaller steamer for Mallali that is about 175 miles from the starting point. On steaming up the Demerara River, I noticed that almost all of the tall trees were dead, caused by the terrible forest fires that raged through the country a few years ago. These fires burned up everything, destroying all animal life for miles around and it is only now that the vegetation is springing up again. This was a great disappoint-
5
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 228 ment to me, as having visited this country before and having found a great variety of insect life, I had counted upon this to be so again. I had intended to push on further into the interior and I would have done so only for my becoming ill, which put an end to all my plans. In the meantime and before I was taken ill I captured a few inter- esting specimens in places where the ground was beginning to show green, but the variety of species was lacking.
Bartica.—Temperature in the sun, 110 to 120 degrees, in the shade, 80 to 84 degrees, during rain, 70 to 72 degrees. The ground is comparatively low, but a short distance back it rises into the hills.
Mallali.—Temperature in the sun, 110 to 120 degrees, in the shade, 80 to 84 degrees, during rain, 68 to 70 degrees. The altitude is from 75 to 100 feet above sea-level.
Family TIPULIDAE
Subfamily Limnopinar Tribe Limnobini
Genus DICRANOMYIA Stephens 1829. Dicranomyia Stephens, Cat. Brit. Ins., ii, 243.
Dicranomyia eiseni Alexander 1912. Furcomyia eiseni Alexander, Canad. Entom.,xliv, 338, pl. 11, fig. s.
Bartica, January 9, 3 males; February 5, 1 male, in swamps. Mallali, March 13, 1 female; March 19, 1 male.
Dicranomyia apicata sp. n.
S- long; wings infumed at the tip; pleura without stripes.
Male,—length, 5-6.4 mm.; wing, 5.7-7 mm.
Female,—length, 7.1; wing, 6.4-6.9 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae brownish black throughout, fla- gellar segments rounded oval, more elongated distally. Head blackish with a light silvery gray bloom.
Mesonotal praescutum light brownish yellow with a very broad brown median stripe that is enlarged behind at the transverse suture; lobes of the scutum and the scutellum dark brown, remainder of these sclerites brownish yellow; postnotum lighter brown. Pleura light yellowish, not marked. Halteres moderately long, the base of the stem yellowish, the knob brown. Legs, coxae and trochanters yellow; base of the femora yellow soon passing into dark brown; tibiaeandtarsidark brown. Wingslight brown, thestigma oval, dark brown; tip of the wing suffused with a paler brown. Venation:
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
226 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
(see pl. III, f. 1) Sc long extending far beyond the origin of the radial sector, Sc2 near its tip; Rs long, more than twice as long as the deflection of Ry+4s; basal deflection of Cu; at or before the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the ninth segment somewhat paler; sternites brown.
Habitat.—Bartica, December 24, 1912 to April 14, 1913.
Holotype, o, Bartica, February 21, 1913.
Allotype, 2, topotypic, December 24, 1912.
Paratypes, 47, 72, topotypic, December 31, 1912, to April 14, 1913.
Easily separated from the other known species of the genus that have the long subcosta by its lack of distinct spottings on the wings, the stigmal blotch and a more or less distinct infuscation at the apex being the only marks on the wing-surface.
Dicranomyia parishi sp. n.
Sc short, S*2 retracted far from the tip of Sc:, Rs long; wings hyaline or nearly so; halteres rather short.
Male,—length, 5 mm.; wing, 6.2 mm.
Female,—length, 5-6.2 mm.; wing, 5.3-6.4 mm.
Rostrum, palpi and head light brown, the latter with an indistinct grayish bloom when seen in certain lights.
Mesonotal praescutum with a light golden bloom, the lateral margins narrowly brown, the sclerite with three dark brown stripes of which the median one is broadest, the short lateral stripes beginning back of the pseu- dosutural foveae and continuing on to the scutum where they suffuse the lobes; scutellum and postnotum light brown. Pleura pale, whitish, the mesosternum strongly suffused with brown. Halteres quite short, brown, the knob darker. Legs, coxae and trochanters brownish yellow; femora brown, paler at the extreme base; tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings hyaline, veins brown, stigma indistinct. Venation: S~; ending opposite the origin of Rs, Sc. retracted far back from its tip as in the halterata group; Rs long, nearly twice as long as the deflection of Ry+>5.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternites paler.
Habitat—Bartica, January 11, 1913 to February 27, 1913. Mallali, March 6, 1913 to March 31, 1913.
Holotype, @, Mallali, March 15, 1913.
Allotype, 2, topotypic, March 6, 1913.
Paratypes, 392, Bartica, January 11, February 27. One?, topotypic, March 31, 1913.
The only described regional species that can be confused with this form is D. simillima Alex. (Can. Ent., December 1912, 361,
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 227
pl. 11, fig. n; as Furcomyia), which has Sc; ending before the origin of Rs, Rs short, not much longer than the deflection of 24,5, long slender halteres, etc.
Genus RHIPIDIA Meigen 1818. Rhipidia Meigen, System. Beschr., i, 153.
Rhipidia domestica Osten Sacken
1859. Rhipidia domestica Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 208.
Bartica, six o7, eight 9, November 27, 1912 to February 5, 1913. Mallali, one o, March 31, 1913.
Rhipidia annulicornis Wnderlein 1912. Rhipidia annulicornis Enderlein, Zool. Jahrb., xxxii, pt. 1, 80,81.
Bartiea, two co’, eight 2 December 30, 1912 to April 14, 1913. Mallali, ac’ and a 2, March 13 to 15, 1913.
Rhipidia conica sp. n. A
Antennae black with the thirteenth segment pale; mesonotal praescu- tum produced into a high conical, somewhat spinous, tubercle; legs pale, the tarsi tipped with darker; wings with the costal margin yellow, remain- der of the wing-membrane grayish with scattered brown markings.
Female,—length, 7.5 mm.; wing, 7.6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennae with the segments of the flagellum strongly serrated, the shafts of the segments short, antennae brownish black except segment thirteen which is abruptly yellow. Eyes almost contiguous on the vertex. Asmallmedian tubercle just behind the antennal bases. Head brown with golden yellow reflections in certain lights.
» Pronotum reddish brown. Mesonotal praescutum produced dorso- cephalad into a conspicuous conical spine; anterior half of the sclerite light reddish brown, dorsal posterior half, including the summit of the spine, rich dark brown except a pale median portion near the suture; scutum, scutellum and postnotum brown. Pleura light brownish yellow without any conspic- uous markings. Halteres pale, the knobdarker. Legs,—fore legs with the coxae and trochanters pale brownish yellow, femora yellowish brown passing into brown at the tip, tibiae and tarsi very pale yellow, excepting segments four and five and the posterior half of three of the tarsi which are dark brownish black; other legs similar but the middle femora are darker throughout and the posterior femora are lighter throughout and not darkened at the tip. Wings with the cephalic portion light cream yellow, the caudal portion including all of the cells behind M and much of the radial field grayish; dark marks on the wings as follows: a small brown blotch at the base of WM; a large blotch at the origin of Rs and a nearly subequal blotch midway between these two last; a small rounded blotch _at the end of Sc;; darker suffusions at the fork of Rs, tip of R,, end of
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
228 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
Ro43, Cuz, and 2nd A and along most of the veins and deflections of veins. Venation: see pl. III, fig. 2.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the valves of the ovipositor reddish yellow; sternites dull yellowish indistinctly marked with black; a greenish tinge at the base of the abdomen may, or may not, be natural.
Habitat.—Bartica, February 17, 1913.
Holotype,— 2 , Bartica, February 17, 1913.
Rhipidia conica separates off from all the described forms, with the exception of punctipennis Alexander, in the remarkable tubercle on the mesonotum; to what extent this character is developed in the male sex is uncertain. In another paper (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXII, 117; 1914), I have erected the subgenus Conorhipidia to receive these two species, conica being the type of the sub- division.
Genus GERANOMYIA Haliday 1833. Geranomyia Haliday, Entomol. Magaz., i, 154.
Geranomyia insignis Loew 1851. Aporosa insignis Loew, Linnaea Entom., v, 395.
Many specimens of both sexes; Bartica, November 26, 1912 to February 9, 1913, a few in the deep swamps but more attracted to lights in the evening; Mallali, March 18 to March 20, 1913.
Geranomyia pulchella sp. n.
Lobes of the scutum and posterior pleural sclerites black; wings clear on the costal third, gray at the tip and on the caudal two-thirds; four dark blotches on the costal margin; legs unbanded.
Male,—length, excluding the rostrum, 5.5-5.8 mm.; rostrum, 3-3.1 mm.; wing, 6.5—6.6 mm. ;
Female,—length, excluding the rostrum, 6.4-7 mm.; rostrum, 2.9-3.2 mm; wing, 6.7-7 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black, the former moderate in length, the latter two-segmented. Antennae dark brown throughout. Head black with alight gray bloom.
Pronotum reddish brown. Mesonotal praescutum rich reddish brown, a yellowish blotch on the sides of the sclerite in the neighborhood of the pseudosutural foveae, behind which the whole side of the sclerite is covered by a large blackish blotch; an indistinct dark median vitta on the anterior part of the sclerite; secutum with the lobes black, median and caudal por- tions paler, yellowish brown; scutellum brown; postnotum dark brownisb black. Pleura largely black, except the region around the wing-root, the propleurae, and the sternal sclerites which are brown. Halteres light yellow, the knob brown. Legs, coxae and trochanters brown, femora yellow- ish brown throughout, tibiae yellowish brown, the tarsi brown. Wings with the anterior third yellowish hyaline with four dark brown blotches, the
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 229
basal two very small, the third, at the stigma, and the fourth, at cross vein r, very large and conspicuous; caudal half of the wings strongly infumed with gray, the tip darker. Venation: (see pl. III, fig. 3) Se ending slightly beyond the origin of Rs, Sco at its tip; Rs long, slightly angulated at origin, about four times as long as the deflection of R445; cell fst Ws long and nar- row as in cinere’nota Alex.
Abdomen with the basal tergites dark brown, apical tergites reddish brown with a narrow indistinct darker median line ; basal sternites yellowish, apical sternites brown, the hypopygium yellowish brown.
In the male paratype, the end of Scis just beyond the origin of Rs.
Habitat—Bartica, January 8, 1913, to February 14, 1913.
Holotype, , Bartica, January 22, 1913, in deep swamps.
Allotype, 2, with the type.
Paratypes, 5 2, 1 co, topotypic, January 8 to February 14. Geranomyia tibialis Loew 1851. Aporosa tibialis Loew, Linnaea Entom., v, 397.
Kighteen specimens, from Bartica, January 4, 1913 to February 14, 1913, one taken in deep swamps, the others attracted to light at night.
Geranomyia cinereinota Alexander 1913. Geranomyia cinereinoia Alexander, Ent. News, xxiv, 407, pl. 14, fig. 4.
Nearly two hundred specimens taken at Bartica from December 5, 1912 to April 14, 1913; Mallali, March 8 to 20, 1913. This form came in abundance to light and with Gonomyia pleuralis Williston is the most abundant form in the collection.
Geranomyia virescens Loew 1851. Aporosa virescens Loew, Linnaea Entom., v, 398.
One dark female that I refer to this species taken at Bartica on December 31, 1912. One typical male, Bartica, January 23, 1913. Geranomyia pallida Williston 1896. Gerancmyia pallida Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, 284,
pl. ix, fig. 53.
Three females at Bartica, December 19, 1912 to January 30, 1913, at light. One female from Bartica on February 5, 1913, in the swamps.
Tribe Antochini Genus RHAMPHIDIA Meigen 1830. Rhamphidia Meigen, System. Beschr., vi, 150.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
230 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
Rhamphidia albitarsis Osten Sacken
1887. Rhamphidia albitarsis Osten Sacken, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., xxxi, 184. 1896. Rhamphidia albitarsis Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, 288, pl. 10, fig. 59.
One typical specimen, ac’, from Bartica, November 26, 1912. A second specimen, ? , from the same place on February 8, 1918, is quite normal but the tarsi are not whitish, being of a very light brown.
Rhamphidia uniformis sp. n.
Wings with crossvein r-m present; veins Sc and R, close together at their tips; inner end of cell {st M». about on a line with the base of Rs; tarsi light brown.
Female.—Length, 5-5.3 mm.; wing, 4.4-4.6 mm.
Rostrum rather long, slender, about as long as the head, dark brown, the palpi dark brownish black. Antennae short, very dark brown. Head very dark brown.
Pronotum and cervical sclerites dark brown. Mesonotum rather light brown, shining, the postnotum much paler, yellowish brown, this color suffusing the pleuritesexcept the more dorsal ones which are brown; sternites pale like the ventral pleura. Halteres rather short, pale, the knob darker. Legs; coxae yellowish brown, the trochanters and femora dark brown, the latter a little paler at the base, tibiae dark brown, tarsilight brown, insome specimens quite pale. Wings almost hyaline, the veins brown, a faint brownish tinge in the region of the stigma. Venation: (see pl. III, fig. 4) Sc; and &, rather approximated at their tips; crossvein r-m present and dis- tinct, situated far out toward the distal end of cell {st Ms and in this respect suggesting the condition that obtainsin the Old World Ccnosia; cell 1st M, unusually long, its inner end about on a line with the origin of the radial sector. ‘
Abdomen dark brown, the genital segment elongate, the valves very slender, the upper pair acicular.
Habitat.—Bartica, January 28, 1913 to February 8, 1913.
Holotype, 2, Bartica, February 1, 1913.
Paratypes, 29, topotypic, January 28, 1913; February 8, 1913. Rhamphidia mirabilis sp. n.
Pale reddish yellow, the wings banded with brown.
Male.—Length, 5-5.6 mm.; wing, 5.1-5.3 mm.
Female.—Length, 5.8-6 mm.; wing, 4.8-5.3 mm.
Male: Rostrum elongate, much longer than the head, dark brown, the palpi brownish black. Antennae light brown, the verticils on flagellum long, black, conspicuous. Head blackish with a sparse gray bloom.
Pronotum light yellow. Mesonotal praescutum reddish yellow without apparent stripes; scutum with the outer cephalic half of each Jobe dark
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 231
brown, scutellum and postnotum reddish yellow. Pleura light yellow, un- marked. Halteres pale throughout. Legs, coxae and trochanters yellow, the femora, tibiae and tarsi light brown. Wings yellowish hyaline with two broad dark brown bands, the first occupying the basal portion, the second the region of the cord and completely traversing the wing. Costa very strong, veins brown. Venation: see pl. III, fig. 5.
Abdomen reddish yellow, the seventh segment brownish black.
Female: Abdomen unicolorous; the dark brown spots on the scutal lobes not very evident.
Habitat——Bartica, December 5, 1912 to February 20, 1913, the latter taken in deep swamps. Mallali, March 8 to 19, 1913. Described from 13 specimens, 607, 4 2 , 3 broken.
Holotype, o, Mallali, March 14, 1913.
Allotype, 2, topotypic, March 8, 1913.
Paratypes, 5c’ 32, 3 broken, Bartica, December 5, 1912 to February 20, 1913; Mallali, March.
Genus STYRINGOMYIA Loew
1845. Styringomyia Loew, Dipt. Beitr., i, 6. Styringomyia americana sp. n.
Mesonotum pale medially, darker on the sides; fore legs banded, hind legs unbanded:
Male.—Length, 5 mm.; wing, 3.6-4.2 mm.
Rostrum and palpi yellowish brown. Antennae with the basal segments brown, the flagellum a little brighter colored. Head light reddish brown.
Pronotum pale on the dorsal median line, more brown laterally. Meso- notal praescutum rather pale medially, this mark broadest behind near the suture, sides of the praescutum and the scutum reddish brown, shining. Pleura dull yellowish. Halteres short, pale. Legs with the coxae and trochanters light yellow, the fore femora yellow with three brown bands, narrower subbasal and subapical ones and a broader medial one; tibiae yellow, broadly brownish beyond the base and before the middle, the tip narrowly browned; tarsi yellow, the last segment brown. Hind legs entirely light yellow, unmarked except the brown last tarsal segment. Wings tinged with light yellow, the crossvein r-m slightly suffused with brown. Venation: see pl. IV, fig. 1.
Abdominal tergites light yellowish, the apical fourth dark brown, the sternites yellow; hypopygium crushed.
Habitat—Mallali, March 8, 1913. Holotype, o, Mallali, March 8, 1913. Paratype, sex? topotypic, on the same date.
Genus ATARBA Osten Sacken 1869. Atarba Osten Sacken, Mon. Dipt. N. Am., iv, 127.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
232 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
Atarba varicornis Alexander 1913. Alarba varicornis Alexander, Ent. News, xxiv, 448, pl. xiv, fig. 10.
One male from Mallali, March 25, 1913.
This is the first male to be made known and I make it, theallo- type. The antennae in this sex are nearly as long as the rest of the body, the basal three-fifths of each segment blackish brown, the apical portions yellowish; the segments with long outspreading
hairs. Genus CERATOCHEILUS Wesche
1910. Ceratocheilus Wesche, Jour. Linn. Soc., Zool., xxx, 358.
Ceratocheilus americanum Alexander 1913. Ceratocheilus americanum Alexander, Psyche, xx, 49, 50, pl. 2, figs. e and 7. One typical dark female, Bartica, February 12, 1913.
Genus TOXORHINA Loew 1851. Toxorhina Loew, Linnaea Entom., x, 400 to 402.
Toxorhina centralis Alexander 1913. Toxorhina cen'ralis Alexander, Psyche, xx, 52, 53, pl. 2, fig. 7.
Three specimens from Bartica, December 10, 1912, a9, to Feb- ruary 28, 1913, ac’.
A specimen of another species is represented by a single female from Bartica, December 12, 1912. It is allied to brasiliensis Westwood in the dark tibial apices, but it is very much smaller. I prefer to leave this form until more material becomes available.
Genus TEUCHOLABIS Osten Sacken 1859. Teucholabis Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 223.
Teucholabis annulata Williston 1896. Teucholabis annulata Williston, Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1896, 290, pl. 10, f. 63. One male from Bartica, November 30, 1912; females from Barti- ca, November 30, 1912 and January 14, 1913.
Teucholabis trifasciata Pnderlein 1912. Teucholabis trifasciata Enderlein, Zool. Jahrb., xxxii, pt. 1, 69, fig. Rl. One specimen, sex undeterminable because the abdomen is broken, from Bartica, December 4, 1912.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 233
Teucholabis melanocephala labricius
1794. Tipulamelanocephala Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv, 241. 1828. Limncbia melanccephala Wiedemann, Aussereur. zweifl. Ins., i, 34.
E'ght specimens, 47 and 49, Bartica, December 5, 1912 () to April 14, 1913 (o”), a few in the swamps, the others attracted to light at night. Mallali, March 11, 1913, one large male.
I identify this large showy species as being the Tipula melano- cephala of Fabricius described from Cayenne. My series do not agree in all respects with the rather detailed description given by Wiedemann but since they show considerable variation in color, I believe my determination of the form to be correct. The insect may be recharacterized as follows:
Male.—Length, 6.9 to 9.8 mm.; wing, 6.3 to 9.1mm. Female.—Length, 9 to 10.3 mm. ; wing, 6.4 to 8 mm.
Male.—Rostrum rather short, dark brownish black, the palpi black. Antennae dark brown. Head reddish yellow, in some specimens with a conspicuous dark brown blotch on the vertex.
Pronotum reddish yellow, black anteriorly. Praescutum reddish with a broad dark brown mark extending from the lateral margin inward toward the median line; other specimens show a median dorsal stripe that is divided by a pale line; in some dark individuals the median line is dark brown and at its caudal end becomes confluent with the cephalic ends of the lateral stripes as described by Wiedemann; this leaves a large blotch of yellow on the sides of the sclerite in front of the pseudosuture and the median portion of the sclerite behind at the transverse suture. Lobes of the scutum largely dark brown; scutellum and postnotum pale, in dark individuals the caudal half of the latter very dark brownish black. Pleura largely blackish but this color largely concealed by a dense silvery pubescence; sternites reddish yellow. Halteres moderately long, the stem light brown, the knobs dark brown except their bases which are black. Legs, coxae and trochanters dull yellow, femora yellowish brown with a broad median and a subapical annulus of dark brown. Wings subhyaline with three brownish clouds, not strongly defined, the basal band irregular extending from the rounded blotch at the origin of Rs to the end of 2nd Anal; the middle band begins at the darker brown rounded stigma caudad across the wing, including the outer end of cell 1st M2; the third band embraces the wing-tip and is moderately broad. The venation is shown in plate ITT, fig. 7.
Abdomen with the first tergite black, the remaining tergites dull yellow; sternites with the lateral margins of the segment brown; sternite seven with a broad rounded dark brown median blotch at the caudal end; sternite eight with a row of about seven strong curved hairs on either side of the middle line, these hairs directed inwards. .
Female.—Similar to the male but the size averages smaller as is the rule in this genus, but the very long, slender abdomen makes up the” greater part of this length; abdomen dark brown.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
234 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
Teucholabis stygica sp. n.
Black; wings hyaline with the tip infumed and a brown mark along the cord.
Female.—Length, 5.5 mm.; wing, 4.8 mm.
Rostrum very long and slender, much longer than the head, dark brown- ish black, the palpi black. Antennae black, the apical flagellar segments broken. Head black.
Thoracic dorsum deep shiny black, unmarked. Pleura black with a very sparse grayish bloom in oblique lights, not shining, Halteres black, the knobs pale, dull yellow. Legs black, the tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings hyaline, the apex infumed with brown; a very large triangular blotch in the region of the cord, broadest along costa, ending on the basal deflection of Cu; a faint brown seam along the outer end of cell 1s! M.. Venation: see pl. IIT, fig. 6.
Abdomen short, black, the valves of the ovipositor reddish chestnut.
Habitat—Bartica, February 8, 1913. Holotype, 2, Bartica, February 8, 1913.
Teucholabis lugubris sp. n.
Abdomen long and slender; head black; thorax black with scanty reddish markings; wings hyaline with a small pale stigmal spot.
Female.—Length, 7.8 mm.; abdomen, 6.1 mm.; wing, 5.9 mm.
Rostrum rather short and stout, about as long as the head, this and the palpi dark brownish black. Antennae dark brown. Head black.
Pronotum black. Mesonotal praescutum black with a linear yellowish stripe beginning near the pseudosutural fovea extending caudad toward the suture but not attaining this; a conspicuous yellow blotch occupying the caudo-median portion of the praescutum and the cephalo-median portion of the scutum; remainder tothe scutum black; scutellum black except a round- ed blotch on the sides of the sclerite, obscure yellow; postnotum black. Pleura black with a silvery gray pubescence. Halteres black, the knob large, obscure yellow. Legs with the fore coxae tipped with yellow, tro- chanters brown, femora dark brown, most intense at the tip, tibiae and tarsi brownish black. Wings hyaline or nearly so, veins brown, costa more yellowish; a small rounded stigmal spot, pale brown and confined to the vicinity of thecrossveinr. Venation: see pl. IV, fig. 3.
Abdomen very long and slender; tergites black, shiny, apices of segments seven and eight reddish; sternites black, the valves of the ovipositor chestnut brown.
Habitat.—Bartica, January 4, 1913, in deep swamps.
Holotype, 2, Bartica, January 4, 1913.
A key to the American species of this large and difficult genus is appended. I have seen the types of over half the described forms and specimens of many of the remaining species. The key should always be supplemented by reference to the original descriptions and figures.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 235
As indicated in earlier papers, bifasciata Fabricius is the same as trifasciata Enderlein, the latter name being the correct one. T. venezuelensis Macquart? is omitted from the key as I believe it to be synonymous with 7’. melanocephala Fabricius, a variable species. T. polita Osten Sacken is either an exceptionally small species or else Osten Sacken’s type is shrunken and no allowance was made by him for this change in condition. The species identified by Williston as complexa (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, 289) is not this, but represents an apparently undescribed species that is quite widely distributed in Middle America and the Antilles.
A Key To THE AMBRICAN SPECIES OF TEUCHOLABIS OsTEN SACKEN
1. Wings spotted; cross-vein r—m obliterated by fusion. (Peru) paradoxa Alexander® Wings hyaline or banded, not spotted; cross-vein r—m present or lost PWG TE ty Geek Ooree, 5 Sao Neate Uc BY ie AROSE ERS ARE WAP IE 2 2. Wings with the membrane hyaline or nearly so, unmarked except for the stigmal spot; in some species the membrane isslightly dark- ened but in such cases the stigmal spot is darker, distinct. ..... 20 Wings with the membrane clouded or banded, or with a seam along the cord, or with the tip infumed or with the membrane darkened andthe BGIPUIA IN GIS HNC Grete eels faroie ec ierste.# = ate ose a aaee ces 3 AVL RUTTER CURLING bi ANOS): -farspstare oats ohaicl atlanta <)« ayej= a)ape nisisvals s\aleisi~ sie 4 Wings with the darker markings reduced to very narrow seams along the cord or to indistinct clouding at the apex or else the whole REN PSIS IN ILO ys Cars DYOWaN eictate cleric releiele one cle laiciale sists eiesialepesees 12 4. Radial sector short, very arcuated, beginning opposite the tip of Se: {head dark brown above; pronotum yellow; thorax shiny black; wings hyaline with a broad brown apex and brown markings along the cord.]. (Peru).. ...,....munda Alexander‘ Radial sector longer, igs ouredl Wpecianine far before the tip of
5. Thoracic praescutum shiny black, unmarked.....................-6 6
Thoracie praescutum more or less orange-yellow or brownish...... 8
6. Pronotum yellowish (head black; wings with the apical band includ-
ing the distal end of cell 1st M2; basal band broadly diamond- shaped]. (Lesser Antilles, Colombia, French Guiana.)
trifasciata Enderlein®
=bifasciata Fabricius®
21846. venezuelensis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. : suppl. 1, 19, pl. 2, fig. 7 (Limnobia).
31913. paradoza Alexander, Ent. News, xxiv, 445, 446, pl. 16, fig. 8.
41913. munda Alexander, Ent. News, xxiv, 444, 445, pl. 16, fig. 7.
51912. trifasciata Enderlein, Zool. Jahrb., xxxii, pt. 1, p. 69, 70, fig. R1.
£1805. bifasciata Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 31 (Tipula) =. trifasciata Enderlein.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
236 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
10.
11.
Pronotum black: ss ssc. Ss cas ones eee Seen Oe ee roe tf Small species (7, length, 2.5-3 mm.); legs with the basal two-thirds yellowish-tawny [head black; halteres brown, knob yellow; apical band including the distal end of cell 1s! M.). (Brazil) polita Osten Sacken™ Larger species (?, length, 5mm.); legs dark brown [head black; wings with the apical band not including the distal end of cell 1st M: which is seamed with brown; basal band narrow, linear.]. (Costa
RicaPanama®)..). eet ee ee eee rostrata Enderlein® The apical band on the wings not including the distal end of cell 1st M, BO DRO RAO OO Ome OO OOOO OR QO OOS Tor SOG IOC NGS 9
The outer band on the wings including the distal end of cell st Me..... 10 Basal band on the wings narrow, linear; mesothorax mostly yellow; femora without a medial band [thorax with a large black spot on the middle of the praescutum; pleura clear yellow; legs dark brownish black except the base of the femur which is paler]. (Brazil)2.2 sah eee ee ee pulchella Alexander® Basal band on the wings broad, diffuse; mesothorax mostly dark; femora with a brown medial band [colors on the wing-dise much paler, less well defined; head yellowish usually with a dark brown mark on vertex]. (Guiana).......... melanocephala labricius!® Wing markings not so extensive, the band along the cord narrow, not extending caudad of the basal deflection of Cu; and in no way connected with the apica) band [head dark brown; pronotum very light yellow; mesonotum with a chestnut dorsal stripe; femora yellow with the tip black]. (Central America) sackeni Alexander Wing markings extensive, the band along the cord broader, attaining the hinder margin of the wing and connected along the costal and caudal margins with the broad apical band and thus enclosing # large oval! spot oft hyaline») == 22 -. ow enieeneri eee ee ll Head black; pleura with a large blotch; basal cells of the wing suffused with dark color; sizelarger (@, 6.1 mm) [pronotum light yellow; hind legs blackish; halteres dark throughout]. (Peru) ; jucunda Alexander? Head reddish brown; pleura unspotted; basal cells of the wings almost devoid of dark color; jpronotum yellow; halteres dark through- out]. (Bolivia)..........................-.-.-laeta Alexander!
71887. polita Osten Sacken, Berl. Ent. Zeit., xxxi, pt. 2, 189. 81912. rostrata Enderlein, Zool. Jahrb., xxxii, pt. 1, 68, 69, fig. Q1. $1913. pulchella Alexander, Psyche, xx, 44, pl. 2, figs. b, l.
101794. melanocephala Fabricius, Entomol. Syst., iv, 241 (Tipula). 111913. sackeni Alexander, Psyche, xx, 42, 43, pl. 2, fig. a.
121913. jucunda Alexander, Ent. News, xxiv, 441, 442, pl. 16, fig. 4 131913. Jaeta Alexander; ibid., 442, 443, pl. 16, fig. 5.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 237
12. Thewingmembrane uniformly dark brown................-...00008 13 The wing membrane mostly hyaline, the darker markings small, limited COUT OTE I) ea pee asce oon DEO AP ood Act Mig 6 CBS OEIC ROR ERSCEaEn 14
13. Mesonotal praescutum in front with alongitudinal shining black median
stripe; femora blackish with a rust-red band beyond the base.
(South Americs)¥.. 222.2 < act oe neers schineri Enderlein'™
Mesonotal praescutum entirely bright ochraceous yellow, unmarked
with darker; femora uniformly yellowish without a rust-red ring.
(Brazil; eera) oeees Ano eee eee flavithorax Wiedemann"
14. Thoracic dorsum shiny black without markings [rostrum very long
and slender; wings hyaline with the tip infumed with brown, a conspicuous seam along the cord]. (British Guiana)
stygica sp.n.'#
Thoracic dorsum with: more or less red or yellow.. seca Bee 3)
15. Femora brown with a yellowish annulus before the tip oes yellow
with brown stripes; wings a little yellowish, the tip scarcely
brown; abdomen brown and yellow; length of the @ about 7 mm.].
(Brazil) Seventy eters <n oc temeeiee oF simplex Wiedemann”
Femora without a yellow annulus before the tip; head reddish......... 16
16. Thoracic dorsum reddish yellow without darker markings........... 17
Thoracic dorsum more or less red but distinctly marked with dark
browmsbripes Orspotssee acco te tons ce sie cins che od eee. 18
17. Large (c’, length, 10 mm. or over); legs pale yellow, the femora with a
brown band beyond the middle [head dark in front, pale yellow
behind; brown markings on the wing consisting of a large rounded
dark brown stigma and an indistinct seam along the deflection of
Rizs; abdomen light yellow]. (Panama)....audax Alexander'®
Small (7, length, 4mm.); legs uniformly brown beyond the base of
the femur [head blackish brown; wings tinged with pale brown, the
stigmal spot well-defined, brown; costa clouded with brown to
the tip, some of the cord with brown seams; halteres brown;
abdomen blackish brown, the male hypopygium with many thorn-
like appendages!. (Colombia)............ spinigera Schiner’ 18. Thoracie dorsum reddish yellow with three confluent black stripes that occupy nearly the whole mesonotum....................+6 19
Thoracic dorsum reddish yellow with three dark spots [head reddish; pronotum yellow; hind coxae reddish yellow like the other coxae; wings hyaline without a dark basal spot; abdomen with the basal tergites dark brow. n, the apical tergites yellowish]. (Peru).
fulgens Alexander?®
14 1912. aepaion Bnderlein, Zool. Gao Xxxli, pt. rt lentes
181821. flavithorax Wiedemann, Dipt. exot., i, 43, no. 3 (Limnobia). 161914. stygica, sp. n. this paper, pl. iii, fig. 6.
17 1830. simplex Wiedemann, Aussereur. zweifl. Ins., i, 549 (Limnobia). 181913. audax Alexander, Psyche, xx, 44, 45, pl. 2, fig. d.
191868. spinigera Schiner, Novara Reise, Dipt., p. 44.
201913. fulgens Alexander, Ent. News, xxiv, 440, pl. 16, fig. 2.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
238 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
19.
23.
25.
Postnotum and scutellum black [front black, remainder of the head reddish; wings hyaline, rather narrow, stigma small, brown, bisected by cross-vein 7, cord slightly clouded with brown; hal- teres brown; abdomen metallic black with the incisures reddish yellows GVlexico)yaateea ene eee gracilis Osten Sacken®*
Postnotum brownish black, scutellum light yellow [head reddish; pronotum yellow; hind coxae dark; wings hyaline with a con- spicuous brown spot at the base, the tip infuscated; abdomen dark brownish black with the tergal apices yellow]. (Peru)
hilaris Alexander?
Head black not metallic; thoracic dorsum with the color mostly black, ShININg sce sansteys ive a ae eee: ete PACA RIC SSS oven
Head generally not black, if so with metallic reflections; the thoracic dorsum with the color largely yellowish or reddish with or without scanty darkermankinge:-< 2 <2 .s--- 0 aaseleet eines Deere 25
Legs brownish black: sic~ oo) seanae a cine o's snot eee ames Meee eee 22
Legs with the femora yellow, tipped with brown, the coxae brown... 23
Legs pitch black, coxae bright yellow; general color shining b’ack, the margin of the praescutum yellow; scutellum yellow; postno- tum and pleura black, the latter with a yellow spot above the mesocoxa and another under the wing-root [wings hyaline, stigma blackish brown]. (South America). morionella Schiner”
Legs dark brownish black; pleura: black, unmarked [abdomen long and slender; wings hyaline, the stigmal spot small]. (British Gutana): ssa ceo te eee ee ee lugubris, sp.n.*'
A reddish mark on the humeral angles of the praescutum; legs brown, fore femora yellowish with two brown rings. (Brazil)
scapularis Macquart*®
The reddish on the praescutum not in the shape of humeral marks; femora with only the apical brown annulus..................... 24
Pronotum dull yellowish; pleura uniformly black; wings infumed with brown, stigma dark brown, oval. (Peru). tristis Alexander”®
Pronotum bright yellow; pleura with yellow spots; wings hyaline, stigma small, brown. (Mexico).......molesta Osten Sacken”
Cross-vein 7 indistinet or lacking, tending to be oblique, the tip atrophied [color light yellow throughout]. (Brazil)
parishi Alexander* Cross-veinr present, conspicuous, vertical...................--++- 26
211886. gracilis Osten Sacken, Biol. Cent. Am., Dipt., i, 7.
221913. hilaris Alexander, Ent. News, xxiv, 443, 444, pl. 16, fig. 6.
23 1868. morionella Schiner, Novara Reise, Dipt., 47 (Limnobia). 741914. lugubris, sp. n., this paper, pl. iv, fig. 2.
25 1838. scapularis Macquart; Dipt. Exot., i, pt. 1, 73, pl. 10, fig. l (Rham-
phidia).
261913. tristis Alexander, Ent. News, xxiv, 439, 440, pl. 16, fig. 1. 27 1886. molesta Osten Sacken, Biol. Cent. Am., Dipt., i, 6, 7. 281913. parishi Alexander, Psyche, xx, 46, 47, pl. 2, figs. c, k.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 239
26. Thoracic dorsum with three complete dark brown stripes........... 27 Thoracic dorsum without three dark brown stripes.................. 28
27. Wings broader, the tip not infuscated; femora yellow’ tipped with brown. (Eastern United States)....complexa Osten Sacken”*
Wings narrower, the tip narrowly infuscated; femora yellowish brown
at the tip and with a postmedial brown annulus. (Lesser An-
hilles's! Guiana) .A.<.1.,. vi-secysooar ene b en een annulata Williston®®
28. Thorax light yellow with a dark narrow pleural stripe. (Central Amer- ROT) terns eters terete arista ad Aine oar eeere pleuralis Alexander*!
Mhoxras without spleuralsunperaca. -osery esterases aerais Selelatel nwa. io. aye 29
29. Head and abdomen with metallic reflections; prothorax brownish; femora brownish black. (Cuba)........chalybeiventris Loew
Head gray without metallic reflections; prothorax dull yellow; femora yellow with the tips broadly brown. (Bolivia) jocosa Alexander®
Genus ORIMARGA Osten Sacken 1869. Orimarga Osten Sacken, Mon. Dipt. N. Am., iv, 120.
Orimarga punctipennis sp. n.
Thorax and head bluish gray; legs very pale, almost whitish; wings spotted with brown.
Male.—Length, 7 mm.; wing, 4.4 mm.
Rostrum rather elongated, dark brown, the palpi brownish black. An- tennae with the basal segments light [era the pee broken. Head with a uniform light gray bloom.
Thoracic dorsum brown with a thick blue-gray Bloons Pleura yellow- ish brown. Halteres rather short, brown, more yellowish at the base. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellowish brown, the remainder very pale whitish brown except the apical tarsal segments which are brown. Wings almost hyaline, the veins brown; dark brown dots as follows: the largest at the tip of Sc, others at the base of Rs, tip of R:, and on cross-vein 7, basal deflection of 24s and cross-vein r-m and faint marks on the basal deflection of Cu, and at the fork of Cu: and M3. Venation: see pl. IV, fig. 3.
Abdominal tergites dark brownish black, the sternites paler.
Habitat.—Bartica, February 11, 1913. Holotype, o&, Bartica, February 11, 1913.
291859. complexa Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1859, 223. (GENOTYPE).
301896. annulata Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, 290, pl. x, fig. 63.
311913. plewralis Alexander, Psyche, xx, 45, 46.
321861. chalybeiventris Loew, Wien. Entomol. Monatschr., v, no. 2, 33, 34 (Rhamphidia).
331913. jocosa Alexander, Ent. News, xxiv, 440, 441, pl. 16, fig. 3.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL. (18)
240 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
This is the third American Orimarga to be described and it is easily distinguished from the related species in this genus, and in Diotrepha, by its spotted wings.
Genus DIOTREPHA Osten Sacken 1878. Diotrepha Osten Sacken, Cat. Dipt. N. Am., ed. 2, 27 and 219.
Diotrepha atribasis sp. n.
Large species (length 8 to 10 mm.); the femora and tibiae tipped with black and the base of the tibiae black; tip of R: obliterated.
Male.—Length, 9 mm.; wing, 5.5 mm.
Female.—Length, 8 to 9.8 mm.; wing 5 to 6.3 mm.
Male.—Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennae with the elon- gated basal segment and the second globular segment dark brownish black; flagellum much paler brown, in some spécimens almost white. Head light brown with a grayish bloom, very pale on the front and anterior por- tions of the vertex. :
Thoracic dorsum light brownish gray. Dorsal pleurites a little grayish,
_ the ventral pleurites and the sternites light yellow. Halteres rather short, pale, the knob brown. Legs, coxae and trochanters light yellow; femora pale whitish broadly tipped with dark brown; tibiae with the extreme base and tip narrowly dark brown; tarsi white, the apical segments becoming a light brown. Wings light gray, the veins brown. Venation: see pl. iv, fig. 4.
Abdomen dark brownish black throughout.
Female.—Similar, the abdomen of a lighter brown, especially the stern- ites which are ringed with darker apically.
Habitat—Bartica, December 10, 1912 to February 8, 1913.
Holotype, &@, Bartica, January 28, 1913.
Allotype, 2, topotypic, December 10, 1912.
Paratypes, 2, topotypic, February 8, 1913; another specimen with the abdomen broken, topotypic, January 21, 1913, in deep swamps.
This species is the largest and most showy of the forms known to me. It may be easily recognized by the black tibial bases.
Tribe Eriopterini Genus GONOMYIA Meigen 1818. Gonomyia Meigen, Syst. Beschr., i, 146. Subgenus LETPONEURA Skuse 1889. Leiponeura Skuse, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8S. Wales, ser. 2, iv, 795. This group was represented in the collection by a great number of specimens the majority of which were females. It is no longer
possible to determine isolated females in this genus or in Molophilus
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 241
and so the list of species as given below may not indicate the full number of species represented. There are a large number of speci- mens of a small species with uniform pleura which are possil ly puella Williston but I have never seen a male that answers the figure given by Williston in his original characterization of the form.
The best criteria for working upon these insects are the presence or absence of a stigmal spot, the length of subcosta of the wings, an open or closed cell /s¢ Me, pleurae striped or uniform, character of the genitalia of the males, such as the appendages of the pleurites, the structure and length of the gonapophyses and penis guard, ete.
The American forms may be provisionally divided into groups of species as follows:
1: cinerea group with the cell 7st M2 open, due to the obliteration of the outer deflection of M3; this includes cinerea Doane and alexanderi Johnson.
2: pleuralis group with the cell {st M2 closed, stigma distinct, pleura distinctly striped; this meludes pleuralis Williston, ama- zona Alexander, recurvata Alexander and sacandaga Alexander.
3: manca group with the cell /st M2 closed, stigma lacking. ‘This group includes a heterogeneous collection of forms such as manca Osten Sacken, puella Williston, pwer Alexander, calverti Alexander and the new forms described below as extensa, inermis and scimitar. The males known to me may be separated by the following key:
1. Hypopygium small, tubular, the pleural pieces not distinct. (Costa
ERIC 8) esc enolate feo esol wisicteteciovetorare ss ettteletsie ci. « calverti Alexander Hypopygium with definite cylindrical pleurites which bear more or less prominent chitinized appendages......................05- 2
2. Pleurites not armed with a chitinized appendage; guard of the penis WON EMBUDCOBLATSHOLE ee 3). eicineisscciofessiaraiaeraccere winnie tats ofa sieieieiae 3 Pleurites armed with chitinized appendages.......................- 4
3. Pleurites long, slender, finger-like; ventral gonapophyses consisting of conspicuous divergent chitinized hooks. [Small species with uniform pleura.] (Eastern United States)..manca Osten Sacken
Pleurites shorter and stouter; ventral gonapophyse an oval lobe with a few rather stout hairs. [Large species with indistinct pleural SEUMDEI ge COTILISN: GuUlans) ar. ecieiscrgeceie neo sere inermis sp. n.
4. Pleurites with the chitinized appendage almost straight beyond the base, expanded before the tip. [Pleura distinctly striped, Sc long, ending slightly before the origin of Rs.] (British Guiana)
extensa sp. n.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
242 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
Pleurites with the chitinized appendage curved, sickle-shaped, sharp at Che Gipses: cc wtscsmteeetet cle teeters cetera ee eee eee 5 5. Both the dorsal and ventral gonapophyses distinct; penis guard not prominent. [Sc long ending opposite or slightly beyoad the ori- gin of Rs; pleura distinctly striped.] (British Guiana) scimitar sp. n. The ventral gonapophyse an oval lobe with numerous slender hairs; penis guard long, extending far beyond the tips of the pleurites. (S: ending just before the origin of Rs; pleural stripes not clear- cut.] (Florida; Haiti; British Guiana).......... puer Alexander I have not included pue!la Williston because the male is not known to me; it is figured (Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1896, pl. 10, fig. 60) as having a conspicuous recurved ventral appendage.
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) alexanderi Johnson
1912. Eliptera alexanderi Johnson, Psyche, xix, 3, fig. 6.
A female specimen, taken in the swamps, December 31, 1912. One female at light, also at Bartica, February 4, 1913. One female at light, Mallali, March 11, 1913.
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) pleuralis Williston
1896. Atarba plewralis Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, 289, pl. 10, fig. 61.
About four hundred specimens of which some fifty are males.
This large series was taken at light at Bartica from December 9, 1912 to February 26, 1913 and at Mallali on March 14, 1913.
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) inermis sp. n.
Rather large species (wing over 3.5 mm.); subcosta short; pleura indis- tinctly striped; pleural pieces of the male hypopygium without chitinized appendages.
Male.—Length, 3.9 to 4.1 mm.; wing, 3.7 to 3.9 mm.
Female.—Length, 4mm.; wing, 3.8 mm.
Rostrum above bright orange, the palpi dark brown. Antennae brownish black. Head grayish.
Thoracic dorsum grayish plumbeous, the scutellum, only, pale yellow- ish white. Pleura pale silvery white, a broad indistinct plumbeous stripe begins on the side of the neck and ends beneath the wing-root; sternites plumbeous. Halteres dark brown, the knob, only, a little paler. Legs, coxae and trochanters dull brownish yellow, remainder of the legs brownish black. Wings subhyaline without a stigmal spot. Venation: (Plate iv, fig. 5) Sc ends far before the origin of Rs, this space about equal to the cross- vein m.
Abdominal tergites brown, sternites a little paler, hypopygium dull yel- low. Hypopygium with the pleuriteslong, clothed rather densely with long hairs, at the tip narrowed into an arm which is truncated at the apex and
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 243
bears two rather strong bristles; no chitinized hooks on the pleurites. Ventral gonapophyse expanded into a flat oval surface on its ventral face and provided with abundant rather stout black hairs.
Holotype, o’, Bartica, January 28, 1913.
Allotype, 2, topotypic, January 28, 1913.
Paratypes, 30 o 2, topotypic, December 31, 1912 to February 13, 1913. ;
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) extensa sp. n.
Small species (wing less than 3 mm.); subcosta rather long, ending just before the origin of Rs; pleural stripes distinct; pleurites of the hypopy- gium bearing a strong, nearly straight, chitinized appendage.
Male.—Length, 3.2 to 3.3 mm.; wing, 2.5 to 2.7 mm.
Female.—Length, 3.6 mm.; wing, 2.7 to 2.8mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the first segment black, second yellow, black on the sides, flagellum brownish black. Head light yellow.
Thorax light brown without distinct darker markings; lateral margin of the praescutum yellow; scutellum brownish of the anterior half, yellow be- hind; postnotum yellow with a conspicuous semilunar brown mark just be- hind the scutellum. Pleura brown with a broad conspicuous yellow stripe beginning on the fore coxa and ending on the sternites of the abdomen. . Halteres brown, knob yellow. Legs, coxae yellowish, trochanters and femora dark brown, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings subhyaline, irridescent, no stigmal spot. Venation: Sc ending slightly before the origin of Rs.
Abdominal tergites brown, broadly yellow laterally; sternites yellowish; hypopygium yellow, the chitinized appendages black. Hypopygium with the pleurites moderately long, the fleshy dorsal appendage rather short, very pale, the chitinized arm strong and powerful, bent at a sharp angle just beyond the base, thence extended caudad and expanded near the tip, apically bearing a sharp point; dorsal gonapophyses small, inconspicuous, the tips black, chitinized; ventral gonapophyses not chitinized.
Holotype, @, Bartica, January 11, 1913.
Allotype, 2, topotypic, January 28, 1913.
Paratypes, 1 o’, 502, topotypic, December 27, 1912 to Feb- ruary 13, 1913.
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) scimitar sp. n.
Similar to G. extensa, differing chiefly in the male hypopygium and the venation.
Male.—Length, 3.3 mm.; wing, 2.8 mm.
This species presents a superficial appearance that is quite similar to Gonomyia extensa. In the present species subcosta ends opposite or slightly beyond the origin of the radial sector. The pleural pieces of the male hypopygium are short and stout, the fleshy dorsal appendage being
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
244 * “-BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
short, stout and cylindrical, sparsely clothed with long hairs; ventral ap- pendage a long chitinized sickle-shaped arm which is directed ventrad and then caudad and mesad, at the tip directed outwards; gonapophyses mod- erately prominent, the penis-guard not conspicuous.
Holotype,o, Bartica, December 23, 1912.
Paratype, o’, topotypic, December 23, 1912.
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) puer Alexander
1912. Gonomyia (Leiponeura) puer Sey Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xliv, 506, pl. 66, fig. 14.
Bartica, ten o, 2, January 3, 1913 to January 10, 1913.
Genus ERIOPTERA Meigen 1803. Erioptera Meigen, Illiger’s Magazine, ii, 262. Subgenus MESOCYPHONA Osten Sacken 1869. Mesocyphona Osten Sacken, Monograph Dipt. N. Am., iv, 152.
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) parva Osten Sacken 1859. Erioptera parva Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859,
D27p Twenty-one, o’, 2, Bartica, December 10, 1912 to February 8, 1913.
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) immaculata Alexander
1913. Erioptera (Mesocyphona) immaculata Alexander, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xliv, 518, 519, pl. 66, fig. 20.
One 92, Bartica, January 28, 1913.
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) bicinctipes Alexander
1913. Hrioptera (Mesocyphona) bicinctipes Alexander, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xliv, 519.
Three 2, Mallali, March 11, 1913 to April 5, 1913.
Genus GNOPHOMYIA Osten Sacken 1859. Gnophomyia Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 223.
Gnophomyia arcuata sp. n.
Grayish black without yellow markings; halteres dark throughout; wings with the membrane hyaline, cell R2 very broad at the tip, veins Rs and R; being divergent apically.
Female.—length 6 mm.; wings, 5.4 mm.
Female—Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennae brownish black. Head brownish black.
Thorax rather unifurmly dark grayish black without yellow markings. Halteres dark throughout. Legs dark brown. Wings hyaline, the stigmal spot quite indistinct. pale brown; veins dark brown. Venation: (see pl. IV, fig. 6) basal deflection of R243 very arcuated, sub-perpendicular, the cross-
CHARLES P, ALEXANDER 245
vein r just before the fork of Ras, R rather long, running parallel to Ri, Rs with its tip swung caudad toward the wing-tip so that cell R: is very wide at its distal end; cell {st Mz narrowed at its base; basal deflection of Cuz just before the fork of M.
Abdomen dark grayish black, the end of the abdomen and the ovipositor being drawn out into a long slender tube.
Habitat.—Bartica, January 4 to 28, 1913.
Holotype, 2, Bartica, January 28, 1914.
Paratype, sex indeterminable, topotypic, January 4, 1913.
This species may be easily separated from the other black forms with dark halteres (luctuosa Osten Sacken, maestitia Alexander, et al) in the divergence of veins R: and R; at their tips, the former being considerably shorter than the latter vein and consequently cell Re is very wide at its outer end.
Gnophomyia subhyalina Alexander
1913. Gn ph myia subhyalina Alexander, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., xliv, 5238, pl. 66, f. 23.
Fourteen specimens 6.7, 89, taken at Bartica, December 18, 1912 to February 25, 1913; mostly attracted to light, a few in the swamps.
Gnophomyia decisa sp. n.
Color black; legs light yellow; wings light brown diversified with hyaline and brown; a supernumerary cross-vein in cell Re.
Male.—Length. without the head, 3.9 mm. ; wing, 4.7 mm.
Male.—Head lacking.
Thorax including the pleura black. Halteres rather slender, brown. Legs with the coxae bark brown, trochanters dull yellow, femora and tibiae dull yellow. the latter a little darkened toward the tip, the tarsi brown. Wings light brown, diversified with darker and lighter spots and drops as follows: asubhyaline patch in cell Sc; just at the end of vein Sc, other light marks in cell R, 2nd R,, at the end of vein Ri, in cells 1st and 2nd Mz, etc. Dark brown marks in the base of cell R, at the origin of Rs, end of Sc, around cross-vein r (stigmal), along the cord, at the tip of R2, and Rs, a seam along the supernumerary cross-vein in cell /2,, seams along the basal deflection of Cu, base of the outer deflection of Ms; and on cross-vein m. Venation= (see pl.III, fig. 8) a supernumerary cross-vein in cell R2, cell 1st M, very long; and narrow so that cross-vein m is beyond the middle of the outer free por— tion of Ms.
Abdomen dark brownish black, the hypopygium slightly brighter, more reddish.
Hatbitat—Mallali, March 15, 1913. Holotype, o, Mallali, March 15, 1913. This species is not a typical member of Gnophomyia in the posi-
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
246 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
tion of Sc, that is at the tip of Sc; and not retracted backward toward the wing-base to a greater or less degree. It seems to be most nearly allied to this genus, however, and it is better to refer it here than ta create a new group on insufficient material.
Genus SIGMATOMERA Osten Sacken 1869. Sigmatomera Osten Sacken, Mon. Dipt. N. Am., iv, 187, 138.
Sigmatomera apicalis sp. n.
Color yellowish; wings yellow banded and tipped with brown.
Male.—Length, 13.6 mm.; wing, 12.8mm.; antennae, 6mm.
Male: Rostrum short, dark brown, the palpi yellowish brown. Antennae dark brownish black, the second segment slightly paler basally, segments three to nine (the first seven flagellar) with the extreme apex pale, almost whitish; the first four segments of the flagellum show the deep constrictions that give to the segments the S-shaped appearance, but beyond these first four this appearance is gradually lost and the apical segments are elongated and but little constricted. Eyes large, nearly approximated above, so that the space on the vertex between them is very narrow and reduced; head blackish in front, yellowish red behind.
Thoracic dorsum rather shining reddish yellow, without apparent darker stripes. Pleura yellowish brown. Halteres rather long, dull yellow. Legs reddish yellow, the femora rather broadly tipped with darker; tibiae light brown tipped with darker; tarsi dark brown. Wings rather uniform light yellow, arather narrow darker band along the cord, an interrupted basal band and the apex of the wings lighter brown. Venation: (see pl. III, fig. 9) cell 1st M2 closed.
Abdomen brownish yellow, darker toward the tip, the hypopygium and segment eight dark brown.
Habitat—Bartica, February 21, 1913.
Holotype, o, Bartica, February 21, 1913.
In its closed cell 7st M, this agrees most closely with the type of the genus which has only a narrow brown seam to the cord. The color pattern of the wing agrees much more closely with amazonica Westwood, but here the thorax is.blackish and cell 7st M2 is open by the lack of the outer deflection of M3.
A Key TO THE SPECIES OF SIGMATOMERA OSTEN SACKEN
1. Cell 1st Me open; thorax black [apical band on the wings narrow, barely including the outer end of cell 2nd Ri; middle crossband broad; basal band suffusing most of the anal lobe]. .(Brazil)
; amazonica Westwood** Cell 1st M; closed; thorax yellowish:.....- =... 12s eee easels terrae 2
3441881. amazonica Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 366, pl. 17, fig. 3.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 247
2. Wings nearly hyaline, not banded, only the costal cells yellowish. (Par-
(4) C9 icc Re ROCESS HEINOGRCS Ban COM GOR OUIRA ap occulta Alexander*® Wangaivellowiah; banded) a. wis: des series naaredemianits cate esac rset ss 3
3. Wings with the banding confined to a narrow mark along the cord. (IMPEEICO) Postal ss cere seins ine eee eto flavipennis Osten Sacken*®
Wings with the apex broadly banded, the middle crossband narrow, darker brown; the basal band not suffusing the anal angle of the wings: (British Guiang)...c..cecesecre des eer apicalis sp. n.37
’ Genus MONGOMA Westwood 1881. Mongoma Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 364.
Mongoma geniculata sp. n.
Cross-vein r just before the fork of Re:s3; wings with the veins seamed with gray, tip not infuscated; legs black with the tip of the femur and the base of the tibia narrowly white, the tarsi brown.
Female.—Length, 10.8 mm.; wing, 7.7 mm.
Rostrum and palni brown, the latter darker; Antennae dark brownish black. Head brown.
Praescutum dark brown without distinct darker markings; seutum with the lobes dark brownish black, the median area paler, more yellowish; scutellum and postnotum brownish black. Pleura pale yellowish, the mesopleura a little infumed with brown. Halteres brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellowish brown; femora brownish black, the tip narrowly white; tibiae dark brown, the extreme base whitish; tarsi dark brown. Wings subhyaline, the stigma prominent, oval, dark brown; veins broadly seamed with gray, the tip not distinctly infuscated. Venation, see plate IV, fig. 7
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the lateral margins yellow; sternites yellow.
Habitat—Bartica, February 18, 1913. Holotype, 2, Bartica, February 18, 1913.
Mongoma pallipes sp. n.
Cross-vein r just before the fork of R213; tip of wing infuscated and the veins seamed with gray; legs with the tips of the femora broadly white, the extreme base of the tibiae similar; hind legs, only, with the tarsi and the tip of the tibiae white, the remaining tarsi brown.
Male.—Length, 9.4 mm.; wing, 7.3 mm.
Rostrum yellowish. Antennae broken. Head dark brown, more yellow- ish behind.
Praescutum light yellowish brown, more brownish behind near the su- ture; seutum with the lobes dark brown, the median space pale;scutellum and
35 1914. Peeiin Alexander, Ent. Nowe: XXV, 209, pl. ix, fig. 5.
36 1873. flavipennis Osten Sacken, Mon. Dipt. N. Am., iii, ix (supple- ment).
371914. apicalis, sp. n., this paper, pl. iii, fig. 9.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
248 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
postnotum brown. Pleura dull yellow. Halteres brown. Legs, the fore pair lacking; middle pair, coxae and trochanters pale dull yellow, femora brown the tip abruptly white, extreme base of the tibia white, the remainder brown, tarsi brown; hind pair with the coxae and trochanters dull yellow, femora brown with the tip broadly white, tibiae with the base narrowly and rather indistinctly white, the tip broadly white, tarsi white,the two terminal segments more browned. Wings subhyaline, the stigma dark brown; tip of the wing and most of the veins and deflections of veins and cross-veins seamed with gray. Venation, see plate IV, fig. 8. Abdominal tergites dark brown; sternites pale yellowish brown.
Habitat.—Mallali, March 8, 1913. Holotype, o, Mallali, March 8, 1913. The described species of Mongoma belonging to the bromeliadicola group may be separated by the following key: 1. Femora not tipped with white. (For these species, see Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xliv, 500.) Remora tipped with-white.s.-5 0) ieee dee chee ce ieee eee 2 2. Wings without gray seams to the veins; cross-vein r rather far before the fork of R243; tips of all the tibiae yellowish white, tarsi brown. (Costa Rica) wii sieceecseoese nero bromeliadicola Alexander®® Wings with the veins seamed with gray; cross-vein r just before the fork of R243; tibiae either uniformly brown beyond the base or else only the hind pair tipped with white...................--.00-- 3 3. Wings infumed with gray at the apex; hind tarsi white; white tips to the light brown femora broad? (British Guiana). .pallipes sp. n. Wings not infumed at apex; all the tarsi brown; white tips to the dark brown femora narrow. (British Guiana)........ geniculata sp. 0.
Tribe Limnophilini Genus PSARONIUS Enderlein 1912. Psaronius Enderlein, Zool. Jahrb., xxxii, pt. 1, 50. 1913. Lecteria Alexander, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xliv, 493.
In an earlier paper cited above I did not consider this genus as being distinct from Lecteria Osten Sacken. A very considerable amount of new material has since come to hand and it now appears as though the two genera are analogous forms of their respective tribes, Lecteria being an Eriopterine with spurless tibiae, while Psaronius is a Limnophiline with spurred tibiae. The venation of the members of these genera is very similar and their true relation- ships will only be explained when the immature stages are dis- covered and the forms reared; since Lecteria armillaris Fabricius
381912. bromeliadicola Alexander, Entomological News, xxiii, 415 to 417.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 249
and Psarenius obscurus Fabricius are common and widely distrib- uted throughout the tropics of the New World, this work of breeding out the adults should not be very difficult.
The following corrections to my paper cited above should be made: Lecteria conspersa Enderlein is a Limnophila though not a member of the subgenus Dactylolabis as stated by its describer. L. mattogrossae Alexander (ibid., 496, 497) and armillaris Fabricius (ibid., 497) are members of Lecteria as above restricted; the other species are Psaronii and may be separated by means of the key given later.
Psaronius fuscipennis sp. n-
Wings dark fuscous with darker and paler markings in the radial cells.
Male.—Length, 27 mm.; wing, 18.8 mm.
Female.—Length, 24 to 25 mm.; wing, 16 to 16.2 mm.
Similar to P. obscurus in size and general structure but the body color- ation is very muchdarker. The body markings are dark brown instead of the ochrageous brown of obscurus; the four terminal tarsal segments uniformly brown, not pale tipped with brown. The wings are distinctly dark brown with darker markings at the origin of Rs and at the stigmal spot; paler, subhyaline, blotches before and after the origin of 2s and beyond the stigma.
Habitat.—Bartica, February 26 to April 14, 1913. Holotype, «, Bartica, April 14, 1913.
Allotype, 2, topotypic, February 28, 1913. Paratype, 2, topotypic, February 26, 1913.
Psaronius obscurus Fabricius
1885. Tipula obscura Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 27. 1912. Psaronius lituratus Enderlein, Zool. Jahrb., xxxii, 50, 51, fig..Ey.
Thirteen specimens, 7 co’, 69, Bartica, January 21 to February 26, 1913; two females were taken in deep swamps, the remainder at lights.
Psaronius pygmaeus sp. n.
Wings subhyaline with scanty darker markings; vein Re fusing with R, at its tip; metatarsus very pale, whitish.
Male.—Length, 21 to 22 mm.; wing, 13.5 to 14.4 mm.
Fore leg, femur, 9.4 mm.; tibia, 13.4 mm.; tarsus, 10.7 mm.
Hind leg, femur, 12.2 mm.; tibia, 12.4 mm.; tarsus, 7.9 mm.
Rostrum rather short, brown, palpi dark brown. Antennae with the elongated basal segment orange, remainder of the antennae dark brown. Head orange-brown, the margin adjoining the eyes narrowly silvery; sides of the vertex with abundant long hairs.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
250 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
Thoracic notum light brown, dorsal stripes not apparent; the postnotum darker brown medially. Pleura rather pale, brownish yellow. Halteres brown, the extreme base pale. Legs with the coxae and trochanters rather bright yellow; femora brown, only the tips slightly darkened; tibiae brown, the tip narrowly dark brown; first tarsal segment very pale, almost white, remainder of the tarsus brown. Wings with a pale yellow suffusion, the cos- tal cell brighter yellow; brown clouds at the origin of Rs, fork of Ro; and the radial cross-veins and deflections of veins narrowly and indistinctly seamed with brown; cephalic half of the long cell R.infumed. Venation: (see plate IV, fig. 9) R: tending to atrophy, its tip fused with R; at the wing-margin.
Abdominal tergites light brown, beyond the third segment darkening into a deeper brown; sternites yellow, the apical segments darker.
Habitat.—Bartica, January 30 to February 21, 1913.
Holotype, o’, Bartica, February 21, 1913.
Paratype, o, topotypic, January 30, 1913.
This form is the smallest of the described species with the exception of obliteratus Alexander; the forms may be separated by the appended key. }
A Key TO THE SPECIES OF PsARONIUS ENDERLEIN
1. R, entirely atrophied; cell 2nd R, entirely obliterated. (Paraguay) abnormis Alexander?® R, present, at least basally; the tip may be fused with R, at the wing
MOP 3 2 oe sis serene ane. Hee wo eee eleee ee See EEE Eee 2 2. R» fused with R, at its tip so that cell 2nd R, is very tiny, pointed at its distal end which does not attain the wing-margin............... 3
Rz free for its entire length, running sub-parallel to R; and R; so that
cell Rz is long, slender, its distal end at least as broad as its prox-
imal end and attaining the wing-margin........................ 4
3. Smaller; wing of male less than 12mm.; wing suffused with brown; body
coloration dull black; antennal flagellum black, the scape orange.
(British (Guiana) ene. ce ee eee obliteratus Alexander*®
Larger; wing of male over 12 mm.; wing pale yellowish; body coloration
orange-yellow; antennal flagellum brown, only the first segment
orange. s(British \Guiana)peees serene eee pygmaeus sp. n.
4. Wings light yellow or brownish yellow; body coloration ochraceous yel- low, the markings rather indistinct. (Guiana; Brazil)
obscurus Fabricius*
Wings dark brown; body coloration brown, the marking dark brown.
(British Guians) nese eer eet eee eres fuscipennis sp. n.
391914. abnormis Alexander, Ent. News, xxv, 211, pl. ix, fig. 9 (Lecteria). 401913. obliterata Alexander, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xliv, 494 (Lecteria). 411805. obscwra Fabricius. Syst. Antl., 27 (Tipula).
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 251
Genus POLYMERA Wiedemann 1821. Polymera Weidemann, Dipt. Exot., i, 40.
The species of this interesting genus have been considered by the author in earlier papers; the student is referred to the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, xliv, 526 to 535.
Polymera hirticornis Fabricius 1805. Chironomus hirlicornis Fabricius, Syst. Antliar., 46.
Bartica, one male on January 28, 1913; two females on February 11, 19138, March 1, 1913.
Polymera niveitarsis Alexander 1913. Polymera niveitarsis Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xliv, 532.
Bartica, one female, February 14, 1913.
Polymera obscura Macquart
1838. Polymera obscura Macquart, Dipt. Exot., i, pt. 1, 65.
Bartica, one male, December 30, 1912. Mallali, one female, March 13, 1913.
Polymera conjuncta Alexander 1913. Polymera conjuncta Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xliv, 529. Bartica, one specimen, sex uncertain, January 13, 1913. Mal- lali, one female, March 15, 1913.
Polymera pulchricornis sp. n.
Size medium; flagellar segments of the male antennae bi-nodose; wing with cell WM, present; tarsi uniformly brown, similar in color to the rest of the legs; thoracic pleura with a prominent black stripe.
Male.—Length, 4.4 to 4.5 mm.; wing, 4.6 to 4.7 mm.; antennae about 7 mm.
Female.—Length, 5.7 mm.; wing, 5.2 mm.
Male.—Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae very long and delicate, about half as long again as the body; segments brown, darkest at the nodes which are provided with groups of long out-stretched hairs; flagellar seg- ments bi-nodose. Head grayish.
Thoracic dorsum light brown, unmarked. Pleura with a very broad dark brown lateral stripe; sternites and coxae light yellow. Halteres brown. Legs with the coxae as described above; trochanters dull yellow; femora light brown; tibiae and tarsi of all the legs brown. Wings with a light gray- ish brown suffusion; stigma not present. Venation: (see plate IV, fig. 10) Cell My present; cell M3 as long as its petiole; the space on 2; beyond r about one-half that of R: between Scz and r.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
252 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
Abdomen dark brown throughout; pleurites of the hypopygium very long and slender.
Female.—Similar to the male but the antennae short and simple, extend- ing about to the base of the first abdominal segment.
Habitat.—Bartica, December 10, 1912 to February 17, 1913.
Holotype, &, Bartica, February 17, 1913.
Allotype, 2, topotypic, December 10, 1912.
Paratype, co’, topotypic, January 28, 1913.
In my key to the species of Polymera (ibid., 527, 528) this form would run down to P. znornata Alexander, also from British Gui- ana, in which the color of the hind tarsi is not known; in inornata, however, the cross-vein r is almost midway between Sc: and the tip of FR, and there is no pleural stripe on the thorax. P. pulchricornis agrees with thoracica Alexander and albitarsis Williston in its dark pleural stripe, but differs in the dark color of the tarsi. P. grisea Alexander has the cross-vein r very far out toward the tip of Ry, the basal deflection of Cu; beyond the fork of M, pleuralstripe narrow, etc.
Tribe Hexatomini Genus ERIOCERA Macquart 1838. Hriocera Macquart, Dipt. Exot., i, 74.
Eriocera kaieturensis Alexander 1914. Briocera kaieturensis Alexander, Psyche, xxi, 41, 42, pl. 4, fig. 1. Bartica, 9, February 26, 1913; Bartica, o, April 15, 1913; St. Edwards, 2, December 2, 1912.
Eriocera speciosa sp. n.
Head reddish; thoracic dorsum grayish brown; wings brown with a broad whitish band lying before the cord; basal segments of the abdomen orange- yellow, tip black.
Male.—Length, 10.4 to 11.6 mm.; wing, 10.1 to 10.8 mm.
Female.—Length, 13.1 to 14mm.; wing, 11.4 to 12.5mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennae with the first seg- ment brownish orange, remainder brownish black. Head fiery orange-yellow.
Thoracie dorsum brown with a yellowish bloom; postnotum lighter brown. Pleura light brown. Halteres short, brown, lighter at the base. Lega dark brown. Wings dark brown, the anal cells scarcely if at all paler; a broad whitish band across the wing, this band lying entirely before the cord. Venation, see plate III. fig. 10.
Abdominal tergites 1 to 5 orange, 6 velvety black, brownish orange around the margin, 7 and 8 velvety black; hypopygium grayish brown;
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 253
sternites 1 to 5 yellow, 6 to 8 black. Insome speciments an oval black median spot on tergite 5 near the caudal margin.
Holotype, o’, Bartica, January 30, 1913, in swamps.
Allotype, 2, topotypic, February 5, 1913, in swamps.
Paratypes, 11o’, 22, topotypic, January 25, 1913 to February 11, 1913, in swamps.
E. speciosa is closest to Z. melanacra Wiedemann of Brazil but the thoracic dorsum is without black stripes, base of the wing not conspicuously pale, wing band proximad of the cord, first abdom- inal segment not black, no dark stripes on the yellow of the basal abdominal segments, etc.
Subfamily TipuLinar Tribe Dolichopezini Genus MEGISTOCERA Wiedemann 1828. Megistocera Wiedemann, Aussereur. zweifl. Ins., 1, 55. Megistocera longipennis Macquart 1838. Tipula longipennis Macquart, Dipt. Exot., i, pt. 1, 57, pl. 5, fig. 1.
Bartica, one co’, December 5, 1912, one o, January 18, 1913. Mallali, one 9, March 20, 1913.
Genus BRACHYPREMNA Osten Sacken
1886. Brachypremna Osten Sacken, Berlin. Entomol. Zeitschr., xxx, 161.
Brachypremna breviventris Wiedemann 1821. Tipula breviveniris Wiedemann, Dipt. exot., i, 43. Bartica, two 2, January 16, 1913 to February 18, 1913; one o, January 31, 1913. Tribe Tipulini Genus OZODICERA Macquart 1834. Ozodicera Macquart, Histdéire Naturelle des Insectes: Diptéres, i, 92.
Ozodicera pectinata Wiedemann 1821. Tipula pectinata Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., i, 24.
One female from Bartica, January 27, 1913.
Ozodicera noctivagans sp. n.
Very much smaller than any of the described species, length of wing under 12 mm.; thorax gray with four brown stripes; wings dusky, stigma brown.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
254 BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
Male.—Length, 12 to 12.1 mm.; wing, 10.8 to 0.9 mm.
Fore leg, femur, 7 mm.; tibia, 8.7 mm.; tarsal segment 1, 8.8 mm.; tarsal segments 2to 5 about 7.5mm. '
Rostrum and palpi black. Frontal prolongation of the head yellow, the nasus very small, indistinct. Antennae with the scapal segments yellow, flagellum brownish black; segments 4 to 9 of the antennae unipectinate, the pectinations a little longer than the segment, except on the 9th where it is shorter, four apical segments simple. Head brownish gray, somewhat shiny around the base of the antennae.
Thoracic dorsum gray with four distinct brown stripes, the median pair longest, broad in front, ending in a point behind near the suture; lat- eral stripes short and broad, beginning behind the pseudosutural foveae, ending at the transverse suture; scutum gray, each lobe witha large brown blotch on the cephalic margin this being a continuation of the lateral prae- scutal stripe; scutellum gray. the caudal half dark brown; postnotum with a gray bloom showing brown in certain lights; this gray and brown pattern is variable in different lights. Pleura light brown with agray bloom. Halteres rather long, dark brown, pale at the base. Legs, coxae and trochanters dull yellow, femora yellow narrowly dark brown at the tip, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings with aslight dark suffusion; stigma brown; veins dark brown. Venation: cross-vein 7 connects with 2, just beyond the origin of the latter; R23 longer than R, alone; cross-vein r-m short, punctiform; cell [st M» large; cell M, broadly sessile, the portion of M. that makes up the outer end of cell 1st Mz about one-third as long as cross-vein m; fusion of Cu; and My slight equal to about one-third of the cross-vein m.
Abdominal tergite 2 with the basal half pale silvery gray, apical half black; tergite 3 brownish yellow indistinctly ringed with blackish before the middle and at the end of the segment, segments 4 to 6 brownish yellow tipped with black, apical abdominal segments rather uniformly dark; six basal sternites yellow, 7 and 8 brownish black, 9 yellow.
Holotype, o, Bartica, February 19, 1913, at light.
Paratype, o, topotypic, January 7, 1913, at light.
From the other species of Ozodicera with the antennae unipecti- nate, pectinata Wiedemann, gracilis Westwood, griseipennis Loew, simplex Walker and bimaculata Enderlein, this form differs conspic- uously in its very small size and gray thoracic coloration. The species above listed have the wing over 15 mm. in length, nocti- vagans having it under 12 mm.
Vic. 1.—Wing of Dicranomyia apicata sp. n. Vic. 2.—Wing of Rhipidia (Conorhipidia) conica sp. n. Fig. 3.—Wing of Geranomyia pulchella sp. n. Fig. 4.—Wing of Rhamphidia uniformis sp. n. Fic. 5.—Wing of Rhamphidia mirabilis sp. n. lic. 6.—Wing of Teucholabis stygica sp. n. lic. 7.—Wing of Teucholabis melanocephala Fabricius. Fic. 8.—Wing of Gnophomyia decisa sp. n. Fic. 9.—Wing of Sigmatomera apicalis sp. n. Fic. 10.—Wing of Eriocera speciosa sp. n. PiatTe IV Fie. 1.—Wing of Styringomyia americana sp. n. Iie. 2.—Wing of Teucholabis lugubris sp. n. Fic. 3.—Wing of Orimarga punctipennis sp. n. Fie. 4.—Wing of Diotrepha atribasis sp. n. Fig. 5.—Wing of Gonomyia (Leiponeura) inermis sp. n. Fic. 6.—Wing of Gnophomyia arcuata sp. n. Fic. 7.—Wing of Mongoma geniculata sp. n. Fic. §.—Wing of Mongoma pallipes sp. n. Fic. 9.—Wing of Psaronius pygmaeus sp. n. Fig. 10.—Wing of Polymera pulchricornis sp. n. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC., XL.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES
Piate IIT
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XL. Pile
ALEXANDER—BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XL. Pl. IV.
ALEXANDER—BRITISH GUIANA TIPULIDAE
a5
‘3 \ ac Lge Sa, Ba. alee »
Pe i
vat
2
fri ee ae ton he CP ANNNSS 3
-New or little-known Craneflies from the United States and Canada. Tipulidee, Diptera.
BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER.
From the Proceedings of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, October, 1914.
Issued November 24, 1914.
‘.
1914.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 579.
NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN CRANEFLIES FROM THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. TIPULIDZA, DIPTERA.
BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER.
During the past few years the various collections of craneflies in the Eastern United States have been examined by the author and observations made upon the more uncommon and less-known species. The following paper deals with the new species discovered, the corrections in synonomy and the geographical distribution of insuf- ficiently known forms. The collections examined are those of the United States National Museum through the kindness of Mr. Knab, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia through Mr. Cresson, the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge through Mr. Henshaw, the Boston Society of Natural History through Mr. Johnson and the private collections of Dr. W. G. Dietz, Mr. C. W. Johnson, and Mr. M. C. Van Duzee.
The Loew and Osten Sacken types are in the Museum of Com- parative Zoology (excepting Triogma exculpta Osten Sacken, which is in The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia). Coquillett’s types and the Limnobine described by Doane in his first paper are in the National Museum. The species described by Mr. Johnson are in The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the Boston Society of Natural History or in the private collection of the deseriber.
Family TIPULIDAS. Subfamily LIMNOBIN 2. Tribe Limnobini. Genus DICRANOMYIA Stephens. 1829. Dicranomyia Stephens; Cat. Brit. Ins., vol. 2, p. 243.
Dicranomyia nelliana sp. n-
Color gray; wings with vein Sc short; membrane hyaline with. abundant brown spots and dots.
Male, length, 5.5 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.
Rostrum, palpi and antenne dark brown, the segments of the antennal flagellum rounded oval. Head gray.
Thoracic dorsum gray, the prescutum with a large dark brown spot in front whose exact limits behind are uncertain, due to the
580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {Oct.,
injury done to the thorax by the pin; scutum gray medially, the lobes yellow outwardly, black on the inner part of the lobe; seutellum gray medially, black on the sides; postnotum blackish gray. Pleurze gray. Halteres yellow, the knob darker. Legs, coxie and trochanters dull yellow, femora yellowish brown, the tip broadly dark brown, tibie light brown, the tip narrowly dark brown, tarsal segments 1 and 2 light brown, the tips of the segments brown, segments 3 to 5 brown. Wings hyaline with abundant brown markings in all the cells including a series of four large marks along the costa, the third at the origin of Rs and the fourth at the stigma; venation (Pl. XXVII, fig. 22): Se short ending opposite the origin of Rs, basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M.
Abdomen with the basal tergites dull brownish yellow, dark brown laterally, segments 6 to 8 dark brown, the hypopygium yellow; sternites dull light yellow, the lateral margin of the sclerites brown, segments 6 to 8 uniformly darker.
Holotype, o, Colorado, in the U. 8. National Museum.
This is the only North American species with the short subcosta that has the wings so spotted; superficially this insect resembles simulans Walker which has a long subecosta, but in the details it is quite a different fly.
Dicranomyia reticulata Alexander.
1912. Furcomyia reticulata Alexander; Canadian Entomologist, vol. 44, pp. 334, 335, pl. 11, fig. p.
One female from Biscayne Bay, Dade Co., Fla., taken by Mrs. Slosson, constitutes the first record for the United States.
Genus RHIPIDIA Meigen. 1818. Rhipidia Meigen; Syst. Beschr., vol. 1, p. 153. Rhipidia (Rhipidia) bryanti Johnson. 1909. Rhipidia bryanti Johnson; Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 34, pp. 123, 124, pl. 16, fig. 20.
This showy Rhipidia has been bred from decaying wood under- neath bark by Mr. R. C. Shannon at Washington, D.C. The male has never been described, but has been found several times; the antenn in this sex are bipectinate. The collections of Dr. Dietz, Mr. VanDuzee and the National Museum indicate a wide range for this species. Orono, Penobscot Co., Me., June 30, 1913 (Alexander). East Aurora, Erie Co., N. Y., June.15, 1912 (VanDuzee). Plummers Islind, Md., September 4, 1904. Potomae Park, Washington, D. GS May 11, 1913 (Shannon). Black Mts., Buncombe Co., N. Car., June 16, 1912 (Beutenmuller). Braidentown, Manatee Co., Fla.,
1914.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 581
March (Van Duzee). Clear Creek, Clear Creek Co., Col., June 10, 1912 (Osler). Kirbyville, Jasper Co., Tex., March 21, 1908 (E. 8. Tucker). Rhipidia (Arhipidia) schwarzi Alexander. 1912. Rhipidia schwarzi Alexander; Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, vol. 8, pp. 13, 14, pl. 1, fig. e.
One female from Biscayne Bay, Dade Co., Fla., taken by Mrs. Slosson. Three females from Braidentown, Manatee Co., Fla., taken in March, 1913, by Mr. M. C. Van Duzee.
Rhipidia (Arhipidia) shannoni sp. n.
Antenne subpectinate, black; thoracie dorsum without a broad pale margin in front; postnotum velvety black; wings with a few dark brown spots and with abundant gray dots in all the cells.
Male, length, 4.9-5.1 mm.; wing, 6.7—6.8 mm.
Female, length, 5.4-5.6 mm.; wing, 5.8-7.2 mm.
Rostrum, palpi and antenne black. Head gray.
Mesonotal prescutum yellowish brown without distinct markings except behind near the suture where there are two brown spots on either side of the median line, narrowly separated from one another, a more linear mark on either side; scutum very light yellow medially, darker on the lobes with a dark brown ring on each lobe; scutellum light yellow with a dusky mark on either side of the middle line; postnotum with a deep velvety black triangle with its point behind, the sclerite pale on the sides. Pleuree brown with a gray bloom with two narrow brown stripes, the more dorsal less clean-cut, the ventral one narrow, well-defined, beginning on the fore coxa, traversing the bases of the other coxe. MHalteres brownish yellow. Legs, cox yellow, brown at the base on the outer face, trochanters dull yellow, femora yellowish brown, tibize and tarsi yellowish brown, the two apical segments of the latter black. Wings light yellow with a few large brown spots as follows: a large one beyond the middle of vein Sc, smaller ones above the arculus, origin of Rs, tip of Sc; and a large rounded spot at the stigma; paler seams along the cord and outer end of cell 1st M., abundant pale gray dots in all the cells; venation (Pl. XXVII, fig. 23).
Abdomen grayish brown, the pleural line narrowly dark.
Holotype, o, Plummers Island, Md., June 14, 1913 (R. C. Shannon).
Allotype, 2, topotypic, August 18, 1912 (J. R. Malloch).
Paratype, o’, Cabin John, Md., August 30 (Fred’k Knab); 9, Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama, December 12, 1912, at light (J. Zetek).
582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct.,
Related to R. multiguttata Alexander (Guatemala) and in my key to the species of this genus! it would run down to this form. It differs widely in its wing-pattern which resembles that of certain members of the subpectinata group (annulicornis Enderlein, schwarzi Alexander) in the prominent rounded dark spots at the base of the sector and at the stigma. The thoracie pattern, especially the velvety black postnotum, separates this species off from any of the described forms.
This species is named in honor of Mr. Raymond C. Shannon, assistant to Mr. Knab in the Department of Dipterology at Wash- ington, who collected the type and who has reared many interesting craneflies.
Tribe Antochini. Genus TEUCHOLABIS Osten Sacken. 1859. Teucholabis Osten Sacken; Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 222. Teucholabis rubescens sp. n.
Head and abdomen black; thorax red; wings dark colored; legs brownish black.
Male, length, 6.8-7 mm.; wing, 7.1-7.3 mm.
Rostrum short, dark brown; palpi dark brownish black. Antennz- dark brownish black, the flagellar segments rounded. Head black.
Pronotum dark brown. Mesothorax reddish orange. Halteres brown, the knobs darker. Legs, coxee and trochanters dark brown, femora brownish yellow at base, darkening to the tip, tibiae and tarsi dark brownish black. Wings with a decided brown tinge, stigma rather distinct, small; veins dark brown; venation (PI XXVIT, fig. 24).
Abdomen dark brownish black.
Holotype, o’, Rio Ruidoso, White Mts., N. Mex., alt. about 5,500 feet, July 25 (hovering around trunks of mountain cotton-wood) (C. H. T. Townsend). '
Paratype, o’, topotypiec.
Related to 7. flavithorax Wiedemann in the bright colored thorax and dark wings; it is a smaller species with the wings much lighter colored, the stigma smaller and more distinct, the femora:with the bases brighter colored, not entirely jet-black. In flavithorax the legs are stout and covered with long, conspicuous hairs, while in rubescens the hairs are not conspicuous; the basal tarsal segments of flavithorax are light yellow, conspicuously lighter colored than the
1 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, vol. 8, pp. 7, 8; 1912.
1914.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 583
tibie, but in rubescens the tarsi are dark brown, concolorous with the tibise. Tribe Eriopterini. Genus ERIOPTERA Meigen. 1803. Erioptera Meigen; Illiger’s Magaz., vol. 2, p. 262. Subgenus MESOCYPHONA Osten Sacken.
1869. Mesocyphona Osten Sacken; Mon. Dipt. N. Am., vol. 4, p. 152. Erioptera (Mesocyphona) rubia sp. n.
Dark brownish black; wings dark brown with white spots and a white cross-band at the cord.
Female, length, 4 mm.; wing, 4.2 mm.
Rostrum, palpi and antenne black, flagellar segments rounded oval. Head black.
Thoracic dorsum dark brownish black with a sparse brown bloom, the area darker in front of the pseudosutural foves. Pleursee dark brown with a sparse gray bloom. Halteres yellow, the knobs a little darker. Legs, coxze and trochanters very dark brown, femora dark brownish black, greatly enlarged at the tip, tibie dark brown, the tip darker, tarsi with the basal half of the metatarsi dull brownish yellow, remainder of the feet dark brown. Wings dark brown with white marks as follows: a large rounded spot at Se2, a smaller rounded spot near the tip of 2d A, a broad white band at the cord entirely traversing the wings, tip of the wing white including the ends of cells R;, R; and parts of Rk. and M,; it is probable that the base of the wing is also white, but this is not certain; veins dark brown except in the white markings, where they are china-white and difficult to detect; venation (Pl. X XVI, fig. 12).
Abdomen dark brownish black, valves of the ovipositor brownish yellow.
Holotype, 2, Chiricahui Mts., Cochise Co., Ariz., June 24 (H. G. Hubbard).
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) immaculata Alexander.
1913. Erioptera (Mesocyphona) immaculata Alexander; Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 44, pp. 518, 519, pl. 66, fig. 20.
One female Hees Denison, Grayson Co.,*Tex., June 22, 1904, taken by Mr. H. 8. Barber.
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) eiseni Alexander. 1913. Erioptera (Mesocyphona) eiseni Alexander; Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 44, pp. 516, 517, pl. 67, fig. 26. One male collected at La Cueva, Organ Mts., Donna Ana Co., N. Mex., alt., 5,300 feet, on September 1, by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend.
584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct.,
Subgenus ERIOPTERA Meigen. 1803. Hrioptera Meigen; Illiger’s Magazine, vol. 2, p. 262. Erioptera (Erioptera) dorothea sp. n.
Cell 7st M, closed, but without a spur as in Hoplolabis; wings spotted.
Female, length, 4.5-4.6 mm.; wing, 5.6-6.8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the basal segments brown, flagellar segments dull yellow, the apical segments brown. Head gray.
Thoracic dorsum light gray, the prescutum narrowly margined with pale in front, area in front of the pseudosutural fovex pale, tuberculate pits dark brown. Pleure light gray. Halteres light yellow, the knob scarsely darker. Legs with the cox thinly dusted with gray, trochanters brownish yellow, femora dull yellow, the tip narrowly brown, tibie dull brownish yellow, the apex browned, tarsi brown. Wings light gray with brown markings as follows: a series of six large blotches along the costal margin, the second at the origin of Fs, third at Se., fourth, largest, at tip of Sc, and on cross- vein 7, fifth at the tip of R, and the last at the tip of R.; brown seams along the cord, outer end of cell 7st MW. and at the ends of the longitudinal veins; venation (PI. XX VI, fig. 13): cross-vein m present less than one-half as long as the outer deflection of M;.
Abdomen grayish brown, the apical tergites and the valves of the ovipositor reddish yellow; the apical margins of the sclerites pale.
Holotype, 2, South Fork of Eagle Creek, White Mts., N. Mex., alt. 8,000 feet, August 16 (C. H. T. Townsend).
Paratype, 2, topotypic.
The wing-pattern is very similar to #. (Hoplolabis) armata O. S. of the Eastern States, but the venation is quite different.
Erioptera (Erioptera) lucia sp. n.
Cell 1st M, closed and very small; pleurites of the male hypo- pygium bearing a triangular flattened lobe at the tip.
Male, length, 4.5 mm.; wing, 6 mm.
Female, length, 4.5 mm.; wing, 6.3 mm. ;
Rostrum light yellow, palpi brown. Antenne light yellow, the flagellum broken. Head light gray.
Thoracic dorsum yellow without darker markings. Pleure yellow, the ventral sclerites darker and with a sparse grayish bloom. Halteres light yellow. Legs, cox and trochanters dull yellow, femora and tibize brownish yellow, tarsi brown. Wings hyaline or nearly so, the veins brown; venation (Pl. X XVI, fig. 14, which shows
1914.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 585:
the very similar microcellula); basal deflection of Cu, just before the fork of M, cell 1st M. small, the outer deflection of W, and cross-vein m subequal.
Abdomen brownish yellow, sternites yellow. Hypopygium with the pleurites rather long, slender with rather abundant long pale hairs, the dorsal appendage flattened (Pl. XXVI, figs. 19, 20), tri- angular, the base narrowed, the tip truncate, chitinized along the margin, at the apex finely denticulate; ventral appendage shorter, at the tip bearing a chitinized hook that is directed caudad and outward; gonapophyses sharp-pointed, chitinized, decussate.
Holotype, o, Colorado.
Allotype, @, Beulah, N. Mex., alt. 8,000 feet, August (T. D. A. Cockerell).
Differs from all of the described American species except E. microcellula sp. n., in the small closed cell 7st M.. From microcellula it can be easily separated by the male genitalia.
Erioptera (Erioptera) microcellula sp. n.
Very similar to EZ. lucia in all general features, but the male genitalia are conspicuously different. The pleurites are stouter and bear an irregular appendage shaped as in the figures (Pi. X XVI, figs. 16, 17 and 18). The ventral pleural appendage is not shown in the drawings; it consists of a cylindrical fleshy lobe, narrower at the base, very densely covered with long pale hairs. The gonapophyses seen from beneath are long chitinized hooks, slightly curved inward but their tips not meeting, along the sides with numerous appressed teeth.
The wing-venation is shown in Pl. X XVI, fig. 14.
_ Male, length, 4.8 mm.; wing, 6.8 mm.
Holotype, &, Colorado.
Subgenus EMPEDA Osten Sacken. 1869. Empeda Osten Sacken; Mon. Dipt. N. Am., vol. 4, p. 183. Erioptera (Empeda) alicia sp. n.
Body coloration light yellow without darker markings; cell /st M. closed.
Female, length, 3.5 mm.; wing, 4.9 mm.
Rostrum light yellow, palpi brown. Antenne with the basal segments light yellow, flagellar segments light brown. Head light yellow.
Thorax light yellow without darker markings, the pleure of a lighter shade than the dorsum. Halteres light brown. Legs, coxe and trochanters yellow, femora brown, more yellowish at the base,
586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {Oct.
tibie and tarsi light yellowish brown with abundant yellow hairs. Wings hyaline or nearly so, the veins light yellow; venation (Pl. XXVI, fig. 15) as in stigmatica O. S., but the cross-vein m is present, closing the cell 7st M..
Abdomen brownish yellow.
Holotype, 2, Scotia, Cal., May 20, 1903 (H. S. Barber).
This differs from the described American forms, stigmatica Osten Sacken and nigrolineata Enderlein by its closed cell 1st M. and the uniform pale yellow coloration.
Genus RHABDOMASTIX Skuse. , 1889. Rhabdomastix Skuse; Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. Wales, series 2, vol. 4, pp- 828, 829. . Subgenus SACANDAGA Alexander. 1911. Sacandaga Alexander; Entomological News, vol. 22, pp. 349-351. Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) caudata Lundbeck.
1898. Goniomyia (Empeda) caudata Lundbeck; Diptera gréenlandica, Vidensk. Meddel. fra den naturh. Foren., p. 267, pl. 6, fig. 18.
This curious fly was described from a single female taken at Permiliarsukfiord, 61°, 30’ N. L., Greenland. It seems to me that the generic reference as given above is more nearly correct. The cross-vein 7 is shown in Dr. Lundbeck’s figure and it is indicated in the material before me; it is probable that this species is an inter- mediate form in the Eriopterine series. The following material was studied: One female, Signuia, Baffin Land, August 2, 1897 (Schu- chert and White). Several of both sexes, Kokanee Mt., Brit. Col., alt. 8,000 feet, August 11, 1903 (R. P. Currie).
I am greatly indebted to Dr. Lundbeck for a copy of the descrip- tion and figure of this interesting fly.
Genus GONOMYIA Meigen. Subgenus GONOMYIA Meigen. 1818. Gonomyia Meigen; Syst. Beschr., vol. 1, p. 146. Gonomyia (Gonomyia) obscura Doane.
1900. Phyllolabis obscura Doane; Journal of the New York Entomological Society, vol. 8, p. 192, pl. 8, fig. 7.
The type, a female, is No. 7,034, in the U. 8. National Museum Collection; it was taken at Pullman, Wash., June 22, 1898. Gonomyia (Gonomyia) blanda Osten Sacken.
1859. Gonomyia blanda Osten Sacken; Proceedings of the Academy of Nat- ural Sciences of Philadelphia, p. 231.
The following records extend the range of the species: Peachland,
B. Col, May 19, 1912. Blue Lake, Humboldt Co., Cal., June 24,
1914.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 587
1903 (J. C. Bradley). Tex., one female in the C. V. Riley Collection in the National Museum.
Subgenus LEIPONEURA Skuse. 1889. Leiponeura Skuse; Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S. Wales, ser. 2, vol. 4, p. 795. Gonomyia (Leiponeura) alexanderi Johnson. 1912, Elliptera alexanderi Johnson; Psyche, vol. 19, p. 3, fig. 6.
The following additional distribution in the United States: Black Mts., Buncombe Co., N. Car., June 13, 1912 (Beutenmuller). Plano, Collin Co., Tex., August (E. S. Tucker).
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) cinerea Doane.
1900. Dicranomyia cinerea Doane; Journal of the New York Entomological Society, vol. 8, pp. 182, 183, pl. 7, fig. 2.
The type, a female, is No. 7,005 in the U. S. National Museum Collection; it was taken at Pullman, Wash., August 10, 1898. Gonomyia (Leiponeura) manca Osten Sacken.
1869. Goniomytia manca Osten Sacken; Monographs of the Diptera of North America, vol. 4, pp. 178, 179.
1908. Dicranomyia curvivena Coquillett; Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, vol. 9, p. 144.
Coquillett’s types were examined in Washington and proved to belong to this species.
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) puer Alexander.
1913. Gonomyia (Leiponeura) puer Alexander; Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 44, p. 506, pl. 66, fig. 14.
Miami, Dade Co., Fla., December 19, 1912 (Fred’k Knab). Billy’s Island, Okefenoke Swamp, Charlton Co., Ga., June 25, 1912 (Bradley and Leonard); several specimens of both sexes.
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) sacandaga sp. n.
Coloration yellow and brown; pleure striped; wings with the costa strongly yellow, stigma pale brown.
Male, length, 3.2-3.4 mm.; wing, 3.3-3.5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne with the two basal segments light yellow, the flagellum brown. Head light yellow with a dark brown spot in the middle.
Mesonotal preescutum rather dark brown, narrowly edged around with light yellow; scutum pale yellow medially, the lobes brown margined with yellow behind; scutellum brown, broadly margined with yellow behind; postnotum brown. Pleure striped brown and yellow; the dorsal pleurites light yellowish brown, limited above by the bright yellow margin of the praescutum, limited below by the dorsal pleural stripe which begins beneath the base of the halteres
588 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {Oct.,
and goes to above the fore coxa; lower pleural stripe broader, travers- ing the cox, the yellow band between these dark stripes very clear, at the anterior end including most of the fore coxa. Halteres light yellow. Legs, coxze as described above, trochanters dull yellow, femora brown broadly tipped with dark brown, tibiz and tarsi dark brown. Wings light gray, the costal margin conspicuously light yellow; cells C, Sc and R, pale, almost hyaline; stigma pale brown, oval; veins brown; venation (Pl. XXVII, fig. 25): Se ending far before the origin of fs, the distance equal to two-thirds the length of the sector.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the apical third of each sclerite yellow, the lateral margin narrowly yellowish; hypopygium reddish; sternites brown, the extreme apex of each sclerite yellowish. Hypo- pygium (Pl. XXVI, fig. 21) with the pleurites rather long, slender, with a few rather long hairs on the outer face near the tip, bearing two appendages; of these the more dorsal is stouter, paler and less chitinized on its basal two-thirds, the apex a strong chitinized. tooth with numerous pale hairs around its base; this appendage is con- nected basally with the long, flattened basal appendage. which is a little truncated at its apex, shaped as in the figure. The ventral lobe of the pleura is produced into a short fleshy conical lobe pro- vided with long hairs. The dorsal gonapophyses are short, curved, strongly chitinized beyond the curve, pointed at the tip, with two or three blunt teeth on the cephalic or under face of the hook.
Holotype, &, Sport Is., Sacandaga R., Fulton Co., N. Y., August 24, 1910 (Alexander). ‘
Allotype, 2, topotypic.
Paratypes, 50 @ @, topotypic, July 5 and July 27, 1909.
? Gonomyia slosson® sp. n.
Cell ist M. open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of M;; . cell M, absent. :
Female, length, 6-7 mm.; wing, 6-6.8 mm.
Rostrum brown at the tip, yellowish at the base; palpi dark brown. Antenne brown. Head light yellow.
Thoracie pronotum yellow with a brown spot on either side. Preescutum light yellow with dark brown stripes, the median one darker in front, behind somewhat divided by a pale line; the lateral stripes begin behind the pseudosutural fovee and are entirely con- fluent with the middle stripe; pseudosutural fovee chestnut, very far proximad; scutum yellow, the lobes largely dark brown; scutel- lum dull yellow; postnotum brown, yellowish on the sides in front.
1914.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 589
Pleure, dorsal pleurites purplish brown, sternum lighter grayish brown, the two enclosing a broad light yellow stripe beginning behind the fore coxa and ending above the hind coxa. Halteres pale brown, the knob a little darker. Legs with the coxze and trochanters dull yellow, femora and tibie yellow, the latter a little darkened at the tip, tarsi dark brown. Wings light brown, stigma small, rather indistinct, veins brown; venation (Pl. XX VII, fig. 26): Sc. far re- moved from the tip of Se,; cross-vein r rather indistinct at the fork of R..:; cell M, absent; outer deflection of W; absent; basal deflection of Cu; at the fork of M.
Abdomen dark brown, the pleural line and the genital segment yellowish.
The paratype has the two basal segments of the antennz yellowish, the head behind gray, cross-vein r very indistinct, basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M.
Holotype, 2, Biscayne Bay, Dade Co., Fla. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson).
Paratype, 2, Paraiso, Canal Zone, January 29, 1911 (Aug. Buseck).
I was unable to detect tibial spurs on this insect. The general appearance is more like that of a Limnophila than any other form known to me and I refer it to Gonomyia with considerable doubt. The long Se and cross-vein r are not typical of Gonomyia.
Genus CLADURA Osten Sacken. 1859. Cladura Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 229. Cladura delicatula sp. n.
From the only described American species, C’. flavo-ferruginea O.S. (= indivisa O.8.), this form differs in its very much smaller size and palecoloration. The specimens of indivisa mentioned by Osten Sacken,? where he states “‘some of the specimens, probably recently excluded, were pale and without spots,’ may have belonged to this form. There are no brown spots on the pleure; the extreme lateral margin of the abdominal tergites is dark; the wings are hyaline and lack the dark markings on the cord, origin of the sector and on the outer deflection of cell 1st M.. I have compared this insect with the extensive series of Cladura studied by Mr. Leonard and myself* and have no doubt of its specific distinctness. The wing is figured in Pl. XX VII, figs 27.
Female, length, 4.6-4.7 mm.; wing, 5.6-5.7 mm.
2Mon. Dipt. N. Am., vol. 4, p. 189. ’Venational variation in Cladura, Journ. N. Y. Entomological Society, vol. 20, - pp. 36-39, 1912.
590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {Oct.,
Holotype, 2, White Mts., N. Hamp. (H. K. Morrison). Paratypes, 2 2 , topotypiec. Tribe Limnophilini. Genus LIMNOPHILA Macquart. 1834. Limnophila Macquart; Suit. a Buffon, vol. 1, p. 95.
Limnophila albipes Leonard. 1913. Limnophila albipes Leonard; Entomological News, vol. 25, pp. 248, 249, fig.
One male of this species was taken by Mr. 8. Frost at Tarrytown, Westchester Co., N. Y., June 16, 1913. This constitutes the first record for the State.
Limnophila alleni Johnson. 1909. Limnophila alleni Johnson; Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 34, pp. 126, 127, pl. 16, fig. 18.
This fine species was described from a single male. A male specimen was taken in Coy Glen, Ithaca, N. Y., June 20, 1910, by Miss Anna H. Morgan. Another male in Simmon’s woods, Glovers- ville, N. Y., June 9, 1914, by the author. There is a badly injured female in the Cornell Collection, taken in North Carolina by H. K. Morrison; this specimen has a strong cross-vein in cell R; in both Wings uniting Ry; with W,. A second female was taken at Sugar Grove, Fairfield Co., O., May 19, 1901, by Prof. J. S. Hine; the female never having been described, I make this specimen the allotype and characterize this sex as follows:
Allotype, 2 : Head dark brown; abdominal segments 2 to 4 bright orange-yellow, the caudal median portion brown, smallest on segment 2, largest on segment 4; segments 5 to the end of the body brownish yellow with a narrow darker median stripe; sternites yellow with a narrow median brown stripe extending the length of the segment; no black band on the middle of the fore femora.
Female, length, 36 mm.; wing, 22 mm.
Specimen in the author’s collection.
Limnophila subcostata Alexander. 1911. Phylidorea subcostata Alexander; Canadian Entomologist, vol. 43, pp. 288, 289.
Since this species was first described it was found to be rather common in the bogs, deep woods and gorges in May and early June. The species has not been figured hitherto and I show its venation in Pl. XXV, fig. 1. A male from Fall Creek, Ithaca, N. Y., May 7, 1913; a second male from the same place on May 13, 1913; a male from Bear Creek bog, Freeville, N. Y., May 29, 1913. Several females
1914.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 591
swept from rank vegetation at Sacandaga Park, Fulton Co., N. Y., June 1, 1914. Three females taken in Simmon’s woods, Glovers- ville, N. Y., June 3, 1914, in company with a cranefly fauna that is quite characteristic of northern woodlands that support a rich Canadian flora. (Dicranomyia pubipennis, Rhypholophus rubellus, Erioptera stigmatica, Adelphomyia minuta, Limnophila rufibasis, L. areolata, Rhaphidolabis flaveola, Tricyphona calcar, ete.)
Subgenus EPHELIA Schiner. 1863. Ephelia Schiner; Wien. Entomol. Monatschr., vol. 7, p. 222. Limnophila (Ephelia) johnsoni sp. 2.
Color yellow; wings hyaline, unmarked; a supernumerary cross- vein in cell M.
Male, length, 4 mm.; wing, 6.1 mm.
Female, length, 7.2 mm.; wing, 8.6 mm.
Rostrum pale brownish yellow; palpi and antenne very pale yellowish_ brown. Head yellow with a pale bloom, eyes conspicu- ously contrasting, black.
Pronotum pale yellow. Mesonotal preescutum pale yellow with four broad indistinct darker stripes, of which the median pair are the longest; scutum, scutellum and postnotum light yellow with a sparse pale gray bloom. Pleure yellowish. Halteres pale yellow. Legs yellow, the tibix and tarsi a little suffused with brown. Wings pale yellow, the veins pale; venation (Pl. XXV, fig. 2): Rs rather long, angulated at base, in a line with the deflection of R» +s; cross-vein r not distinct; basal deflection of R.; and M,.. strongly arcuated and in a line; a strong supernumerary cross-vein in cell M.
Abdomen very light brownish yellow.
Holotype, o, Mountain Lake, Fulton Co., N. Y., alt. 1,590 feet, June 17, 1914 (C. P. Alexander).
Allotype, 2, Bretton Woods, N. H., June 23, 1913 (C. W. Johnson).
This interesting new species is named in honor of the well-known dipterologist, Mr. Charles W. Johnson, who collected the allotype. . The only other species of Ephelia in America are aprilina O. S. and superlineata Doane which have the wings heavily spotted with
brown. Subgenus DACTYLOLABIS Osten Sacken.
1859. Dactylolabis Osten Sacken; Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 240. Limnophila (Dactylolabis) hortensia sp. n. . Wings subhyaline; color gray, hypopygium reddish. Male, length, about 8 mm.; wing, 8.8 mm. Female, length, 7.8-8.4 mm.; wing, 8.4-8.8 mm.
592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct.,
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antenne with the basal segment very elongate, dark brown, flagellum dark brown. Head gray.
Thoracic dorsum light gray, the prescutum with darker markings, a very indistinct stripe on either side of the middle line, a more distinct stripe on either side, narrowest in front. Pleurz light gray. Halteres pale yellow. Legs, cox and trochanters yellow, femora yellow darkened at the tip, tibie brownish yellow, brown at the tip, tarsi brown. Wings subhyaline or faintly yellowish, stigma indis- stint, veins brown; venation (Pl. XX VII, fig. 29): R».; about as long as the basal deflection of Ci; cross-vein r at about two-thirds the length of Ro.
Abdominal tergites gray, the hypopygium reddish yellow; ster- nites blackish gray, each segment with more or less yellow at the base.
Holotype, o, London Hill Mine, Bear Lake, Brit. Col., alt. 7,000 feet, July 29, 1903 (A. N. Caudell).
Allotype, 9, topotypic.
Paratypes, 10 &@ 9, topotypie.
In the U. 8. National Museum Collection this material was deter- mined as L. cubitalis Osten Sacken, and by Osten Sacken’s key? it would run down to that species. The following differences suffice to separate the forms:
1. The extreme base of FR, is perpendicular to the end of the sector; cell R, very long and narrow; wings more tinged with yellow; hypopygium concolorous with the rest of the abdomen; size larger (Eastern United States)... cubitalis Osten Sacken.
R, leaves the end of the sector at an angle; cell R. shorter, not so elongated; wings nearly hyaline; hypopygium reddish, con- spicuously brighter than the rest of the abdomen; size smaller (British Columbia) imemeacsaicemenee nt enean a ULOMe nee eS) anls
Limnophila nigripleura A. and L. sp. n.
Belongs to the luteipennis Osten Sacken group; wings clear; pleurze with a conspicuous dark brown stripe from the cervical sclerites to the postnotum.
Male, length, 4.8-5 mm.; wing, 5.8-6 mm.
Female, length, 6 mm.; wing 7 mm.
Palpi and antenne dark brownish black. Head light clear gray, provided with numerous hairs.
Pronotum dusted with gray. Mesonotal prascutum and scutum
4Mon. Dipt. N. Am., vol.4, pp. 202, 203.
1914.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 593
light brown, rather darker medially; scutellum more yellow me- dially; postnotum gray. Pleur dull light yellow with a broad dark brown stripe extending from the cervical sclerites to the postnotum; mesosternum suffused with brown. Halteres light yellow, . the knobs darker. Legs, coxe and trochanters dull yellow, femora brownish yellow, tibi similar, the tip narrowly brown, tarsi brown. Wings subhyaline, stigma indistinct, veins brown; venation (Pl. XXYV, fig. 3).
Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites much paler, yellowish white, hypopygium brown.
Holotype, o*, Sacandaga Park, Fulton Co., N. Y., June 20, 1910.
Allotype, 2, topotypic.
Paratypes, 50 o 2, topotypic; Mountain Lake, Fulton Co., INAS, alt. 1,580 feet, June 15, 1914; Orono, Penobscot Co., Me., July 29, 1913; Ithaca, Tompkins Co., N. Y., July 7, 1911; Ridgewood, Bergen Co., N. J.
A common and widely distributed species in the Eastern United States; the material has been compared with the types of contempta in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and the form differs as described above. The species has been in the collection of Mr. Leonard and myself for some years.
A key to the species of the luteipennis group.in the Eastern U nited States.
DB CG PAUL 5 PY 0/5 00 eee ene eee noveboracensis Alex.5 (OPIN AVG OINEETSS ah, cece tere een eM ee Snes
2. Wings with small brown dots on the cross-veins and at the forks, luteipennis O. 5.6
Aiba a foe GE wets) 00) 7127 Leet ee eee LO iOs POT OK sheen CLEAT a DANCE Vee ease ed aercteretansecsinre inornata O. 8.7 Thorax brownish without gray COOP... cee en ee 2 4. Larger species with the pleure unmarked................. contempta O. 3.3
Smaller species; pleure with a conspicuous dark brown stripe from the cervical sclerites to the.postnotum,
nigripleura A. & L., sp. n.
The members of the luteipennis group have the following characters
in common: head narrow and prolonged behind; pronounced
pseudosutural or humeral pits; conspicuous tuberculate pits on
either side of the middle line of the prescutum in front. Venation
5 noveboracensis Alexander; Pysche, vol. 18, pp. 196 to 198; 1911. 8luteipennis Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 236; 1859. 7inornata Osten Sacken; Mon. Dipt. N. Am., vol. 4, pp. 219, 220; 1869. 8contempta Osten Sacken; l.c., pp. 218, 219; 1869.
594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct.,
of the wings. cells R; and ist M,. longer than cell R;; radial and medial veins long and slender; second anal vein incurved at the tip. Limnophila nove-anglie sp. n.
Belongs to the adusta Osten Sacken group; wings hyaline: aay: col- oration yellowish; abdomen of the male with a black subterminal ring.
Male, length, 6.8-7.5 mm.; wing, 5.8-7.2 mm.
Female, length, 8 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.
Rostrum’ yellowish, palpi brown. Antenne, basal segments brownish yellow, the first four or five flagellar segments with the extreme base yellowish, remainder of the antennze brown. Head with a broad purplish brown band across the vertex from one eye to the other; occiput rather abruptly reddish yellow.
Thoracie notum reddish yellow without stripes. Pleure lighter yellow. Halteres short, rather pale, the knob only a little darker. Legs, coxze and trochanters yellow, femora and tibe yellow, the tips narrowly brown; metatarsus dull yellowish basally, tipped with brown, remaining tarsal segments brown. Wings with a faint yellowish tinge, a pale brown, oval stigma, no infuseation at the tip of the wing; venation (Pl. I, fig. 4).
Abdomen brownish yellow with a conspicuous subapical black ring including segments 8 and 9 and the caudal half of 7; hypo- pygium reddish yellow.
The female sex is similar, but the abdomen lacks the black subapical ring, and in some specimens the entire head is dark purplish brown.
Holotype, o, Ellsworth, Hancock Co., Me., August 10, 1913 (Miss Cordelia J. Stanwood).
Allotype, 2, topotypic.
Paratypes, 1 co’, 49, type-locality, July 9 to August 10, 1913.
A key to the species of the adusta group in the eastern United States.
’
1. Wings more or less clouded with brown apleally. often with
brown seams on the cross-veins.............. ees nr ers Wings uniform in coloration, the stigma ‘indistinet............ wo:
2. Yellowish species, the thoracic notum light yellow.......... adusta O. 8.9 Brown species, the thoracic notum dark brown...........s?milis Alex."
3. Larger species (wing of male, 9.5 mm.); abdomen without a black subterminal ring in the male....0.0..........dutea Doane" Small species (wing of male less than 7.5 mm. 3 abdomen of the male with a black subterminal ring .........6.0..700 felt? sp. n.
%adusta Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 235; 1859. Mon. Dipt. N. Am., vol. 4, pp. 215-217; 1869.
© similis Alexander; Psyche, vol. 18, pp. 195, 196; 1911.
lutea Doane; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 8, p. 191; 1900.
1914.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 595
The members of the adusta group are distinguished by the follow- ing characters: radial sector short, arcuated; cross-vein 7 situated at about mid-length of R: which is quite oblique. The species are yellowish or brown and specimens in a single species vary much in the intensity of their coloration.
The following species have been examined and prove to belong to this group of the genus:
Limnophila fulvocostalis Coquillett, from Bering Islands, type 4,049 U.S. N. M.
Limnophila costata Coquillett,? from New Mexico, type 5,318 U.S: N. M.
Limnophila insulana Johnson," from Bermuda, type in the collec- tion of Mr. Johnson.
Limnophila stanwoode sp. n.
Belongs to the quadrata Osten Sacken group; body-coloration yellow; wings pale yellow; fs long, cell M, absent.
Male, length, 6.6-6.9 mm.; wing, 7.5-7.9 mm.
Female, length, 6.8-7.2 mm.; wing, 6.8-7.3 mm.
Rostrum yellowish, palpi with the basal segments light colored, terminal two brown. Antenne with the scape yellow, flagellum brown, the proximal half of the first two flagellar segments yellowish. Head reddish yellow.
Thorax brownish yellow without distinct dark lines, the post- notum with a narrow indistinct median stripe of brown. Pleure, pro-pleur darker, the meso- and metapleure light yellow. Halteres pale yellow. Legs, cox and trochanters light yellow, femora brownish yellow darkening into brown at the tip, tibize light brown darker at the tip, tarsi dark brown. Wings with a light yellow tinge, the stigma gray, oval, veins brown, the radial cross-vein mostly obscured by the stigma; venation (Pl. XXYV, fig. 5).
Abdomen brownish yellow, the lateral line brownish; sternites a little brighter yellow; segment 8 and the caudal half of the 7th brown; hypopygium yellowish; valves of the ovipositor of the female long, acicular.
Holotype, &@, Sacandaga Park, Fulton Co., N. Y., June 11, 1914.
Allotype, 2, topotypic.
Paratypes, 3 o’, 18 2, Ellsworth, Hancock Co., Me., June 21- July 23, 1913.
2 Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands, vol. 4, p. 342; 1899.
18 Psyche, vol. 9, p. 149; 1901.
“The Dipteran Fauna of Bermuda, Annals of the Entomological Society of America, vol. 6, pp. 443, 444, fig. 2; 1913.
596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF |Oct.,.
The paratypes were collected by Miss Cordelia J. Stanwood, the well-known student of bird-life, in whose honor the species is named. Miss Stanwood has done much to discover the craneflies in the vicinity of her home city, and as a result of her careful observations our knowledge of the Hancock Co. Tipulide is remarkably com- plete and constitutes one of the most valuable lists of a restricted locality that has ever been secured.
Limnophila osborni sp. n.
Belongs to the guadrata Osten Sacken group; mesonotum rich brown; pleurze with a conspicuous black dorsal stripe; wings with a brown tinge; cross-vein 7 at the fork of R2::; Rs long, cell M, absent.
Male, length, 6.8-6.5 mm.; wing, 7.4-7.5 mm.
Rostrum a little reddish yellow, palpi and antenne dark brownish black. Head dark brownish black.
Mesonotal prescutum rich yellowish brown with a very narrow black line on either side of the broad median space, a deep black spot on the anterior margin of the praescutum continued foreward onto the pronotal sclerites, lateral stripes not clearly indicated; scutum yellowish brown with a darker brown suffusion on each lobe; scutellum dull yellow; postnotum clear light gray. Pleure pale yellowish with a broad deep black stripe extending from the cervical sclerites across the dorsal pleural sclerites to the abdomen; the pleurze adjoining this broad conspicuous stripe very narrowly gray pruinose; sternal sclerites pale dull yellow. Halteres rather long, pale, the knob elongate, dark. Legs, coxe and trochanters pale yellow, femora brownish yellow, the tip darker, tibiz and tarsi dark brown. Wings with a brown tinge, veins dark brown; vena- tion (Pl. X XV, fig. 6): ecross-vein r at the fork.of Ro+s.
Abdominal tergites shining black; sternites dark brownish black; basal sternites with some yellow; hypopygium reddish brown.
The paratype from Phair, Me., shows the mesonotal prascutum very dark brown medially, a little lighter behind, lobes of the seutum shiny black. :
Holotype, o, Phair, Aroostook Co., Me., August 26, 1913 (Herbert Osborn).
Paratypes, 1 @ with the type; 2 from the Bangor Bog, near Orono, Penobscot Co., Me., August 30, 1913 (Herbert Osborn).
This interesting late summer member of the quadrata group is named in honor of Dr. Herbert Osborn, who collected the type material.
A key to the species of the quadrata group in the eastern United States.
1914.| NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 597
1. Mesonotum and pleurz yellowish or brownish yellow; wings pale VellOw:; 'SIZCsSin alee enc went sl eenticnirstteecsnt stanwoode sp- 0. Mesonotum and pleure not yellow; size larger....... 2. 2. Pleuree and mesonotum clear bluish ‘black with a gray ‘bloom, only the coxze conspicuously light yellow; wings with a yellow ish tinge; cross-vein r beyond. the fork of R24; on Re, quadrata O, 81° Pleure with a conspicuous black dorsal stripe; mesonotum rich brown; wings with a brown tinge; cross-vein r at the fork (0) UP CA eC Aree eR res hare sn a Ree ee ee ET osborni sp. n. The members of the quadrata group have the radial sector long and in a line with R23; cells R;, R; and 1st M, in a line or nearly so; cell M, absent. Limnophila emmelina sp. n. Brown, abdomen hairy; wings brown; cell FR, sessile; cell M, absent. Male, length about 7 mm.; wing, 8.9 mm. Rostrum very short, reddish brown, the palpi brown. Antenne rather short, dull yellowish brown. Head reddish brown. Thoracic dorsum yellowish brown without distinct darker mark- ings. Pleure dull yellow. Halteres yellow. Legs, cox and trochanters dull yellow, femora yellow, broadly tipped with brown, tibize dull yellow, rather narrowly tipped with brown, tarsi brown, the base of the metatarsus a little paler. Wings with a slight brownish tinge, no stigmal spot, veins brown; venation (Pl. XX VII, fig. 28): R, arising from the sector so that the cell R2 is sessile; cell W, absent. Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites lighter colored. Holo- type, o’, Great Falls, Va., April 20, 1913 (Fred’k Knab). From other members of the genus in which cell M, is lacking this species is readily distinguished by the sessile cell R:.
Tribe Pedicini. Genus ORNITHODES Coguillett. 1900. Ornithodes Coquillett; Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, p. 400.
Ornithodes harrimani Coquillett.
1900. Ornithodes harrimani 5 Coduillett; Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Science, vol. 2, p. 400.
The type is No. 5,203 in the U. 8. National Museum. It is a male from Virgin’s Bay, Alaska, ao 26, 1899. This insect is very similar to TrUeUR HOE in senpron but distinct in the curious
Denar Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 241; 1859; Mon. Dipt. N. Am., vol. 4, p. 230; 1869.
598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {Oct.,
elongate rostrum, from which character Coquillett evidently derived the generic name. Genus TRICYPHONA Zetterstedt. 1838. Tricyphona Zetterstedt: Ins. Lapponica, Dipt., p. 851. Tricyphona katahdin sp. n.
Color light brown; wings light yellow with sparse brown seams and spots; cross-vein m-—cu lacking.
Male, length, 6-7.6 mm.; wing, 6-6.9 mm.
Female, length, 8.8-9.5 mm.; wing, 7.5-9 mm.
Palpi dark brownish black, rostrum and head brownish gray, clearer gray on the vertex adjoining the eyes; first segment of the antenne pale yellow, remainder of the antennze dark brown.
Mesonotal preescutum light fawn-brown with an indistinct brownish stripe on either side of the middle line and shorter lateral pale brown stripes, these latter continued caudad onto the lobes of the scutum; scutellum grayish; postnotum light yellowish brown with a whitish bloom. Pleurs light yellow. Halteres pale, the knob a little darker. Legs yellow, coxee and trochanters brownish yellow, femora yellow darkening into brown on the apical half or more, tibize and tarsi dark brown. Wings light yellow, the veins yellow; small brown markings as follows: a rounded spot on Sc: continued up into the costal cell; an oval spot at Sc; brown seams at the base of Rs, base of Re::, cross-vein 7, tip of Ross, fork of Ry:s, cross-vein r—m; venation (Pl. X XV, fig. 7): cell R,much shorter than cell R;, usually one-half as long; cell MW, very short usually about equal to its petiole beyond cross-vein m or a little longer; cell 1st M, very long, narrow; Cu, and M; fused for a distance obliterating cross-vein m-—cu.
Abdominal tergites with the basal two-thirds brown, apical third yellowish; sternites dull brownish yellow, margined laterally with brown, the apical segments with the margin reduced or lacking; hypopygium pale.
The female is similar to the male, but larger, especially the abdomen; brown tips to the femora narrower; abdomen usually with more yellow color, often with a broad median patch of yellowish on the tergites.
In some of the males the scapal segments of the antenne are dark brown, concolorous with the rest of the antenne.
There is some variation in venation in the series, the fusion of M; and Cu, is sometimes lacking, the cross-vein m-—cu being present as in vernalis Osten Sacken; one female lacks cross-vein m in both wings.
1914.] NATURAL SCIEBNCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 599:
Holotype, oc, at the foot of Mt. Katahdin, Piscataquis Co., Me., along the Abol trail; altitude about 1,000 feet, August 22, 1913 (Alexander).
Allotype, 2, topotypic.
Paratypes, 9, 5 2, topotypic (Morse and Alexander). 1%, 1 2, Ellsworth, Hancock Co., Me., August 26 and September 1, 1913 (C. J. Stanwood). :
Paratypes have been deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (through Prof. Morse); Boston Society of Natural History, Maine Experiment Station, American Museum of Natural History, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and the U. 5. National Museum.
Related to Tricyphona vernalis Osten Sacken (Pl. XXYV, fig. 8), but is a very different species. The size, sex for sex, is smaller; no sign of the gray coloration so characteristic of vernalis; wings much paler, yellowish, and the markings are reduced to mere spots and narrow seams as described above, not conspicuous rounded clouds. In normal individuals of both species, vernalis has cross-vem m-—cu present and cell M; consequently very long; katahdin has Cu, and M, fused for a greater or less length; the forks of cell W, and R, are much shorter in katahdin than in vernalis.
senus POLYANGEUS Doane. 1900. Polyangeus Doane; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe., vol. 8, p. 196. Polyangeus maculatus Doane. 1900. Polyangewus maculatus Doane; Journal of the New York Entomological Society, vol. 8, p. 197, pl. 8, fig. 20.
The type is apparently not in the collection of the U. 5. National Museum with the remaining Doane types. There are a few speci- mens from Eureka, Humboldt Co., Cal., May 22, 1903, taken by Mr. H. 8S. Barber.
Genus DICRANOTA Zetterstedt. 1838. Dicranota Zetterstedt; Ins. Lapponica, Dipt., p. 851. Dicranota pallida sp. n.
Size large, wing over 7 mm.; body coloration light yellow; cell M, present, deep; cross-vein m present.
Female, length, 8 mm.; wing, 8.1 mm.
Rostrum and palpi pale yellow. Antenne with the two basal segments pale yellow, the flagellum broken. Head yellow.
Thoracic dorsum light yellow, lobes of the seutum, basal portion of the scutellum and the postnotum more brownish. Pleure dull yellow. Halteres broken. Legs, cox and trochanters dull yellow,
600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct.,
femora yellow, a little darker at the tip, tibiz and tarsi dull yellow, the tips of the individual segments a little darkened. Wings broad, hyaline, highly iridescent, veins brown; venation (Pl. XX VII, fig. 31): Rs long, angled and spurred near its origin; cell st M, closed; cell M, present and very deep, its petiole very short so that the cell is almost sessile.
Abdomen dull yellow.
Holotype, 2, White Mts., N. H. (H. K. Morrison).
This insect agrees with argentea Doane and noveboracensis sp. n., in the presence of cell MW, of the wings. The pale coloration and the closed cell 1st M, readily separate it from these species. The related Rhaphidolabis flaveola O. 8. has the petiole of cell M, long, the radial sector short, no supernumerary cross-vein in cell /,, ete.
Dicranota noveboracensis sp. n.
Body coloration gray; size small (length about 6 mm.); wings with cell M, present.
Male, length, 5.5-6.3 mm.; wing, 6.6—-7.5 mm.
Female, length, 6-6.5 mm.; wing, 7.8-S mm.
Rostrum, palpi and antennz dark brown, the flagellar segments short, oval. Head brownish gray, paler around the eyes, a very narrow dark brown median stripe.
Thoracic dorsum gray with three dark brown stripes on the dor- sum, the middle stripe broadest, extending the length of the pra- scutum, faintly bisected by a narrow pale median line; lateral stripes short, beginning at about midlength of the preescutum, extend- ing back onto the seutum where they suffuse the lobes; scutellum and postnotum light gray. Pleurz light gray. Halteres pale. Legs, cox brown with a sparse gray bloom on the outer face, trochanters yellowish brown, remainder of the legs brown. Wings light gray, the stigmal spot pale brown, not completely fillmg the space between the cross-veins in the radial cells, veins dark brown; venation: Rs rather elongate, oblique; cell 17; present. The venation is figured in Needham’s paper, 23d Report of the N. Y. State Entomologist for 1907, pl. 19, fig. 1 (as rivularis Osten Sacken).
Abdomen light brownish gray.
Holotype, o, Fall Creek, Ithaca, N. Y., May 8, 1914.
Allotype, 2, topotypic.
Paratypes, 4 7, 1 2, topotypic, 1 @, 1 2, Dolgeville, Fulton Co. N. Y., May 16, 1914.
The American species of Dicranota may be separated by the
following key.
1914.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 601
1. Cell MW, absent... A ieee, seer Ds Cell M, present... 3.
2. Halteres with the knob darkened; antenne of the male much longer than the thorax (eastern United States).........eucera O. 8.1
Halteres pale; antenne of the male short (eastern United States), rivularis O. 827 3. Cell 1st Mz present; body-coloration yellowish (eastern United REIT NOCD Rok eelpedee eR Oe eetenedttsest ch, on tear Sears ea pallida sp. n. Cell 1st M; absent; body-coloration grayish...
4. Size large (length of female 9 mm. ) (western U nited States), argentea Doane ® Size small (length of the female 6 mm.) (eastern United States), noveboracensis sp. Ni.
Genus RHAPHIDOLABIS Osten Sacken. 1869. Rhaphidolabis Osten Sacken; Mon. Dipt. N. Am., vol. 4, p. 284. Rhaphidolabis polymeroides sp. n.
Antenne elongated, much longer than the head and thorax to- gether, the segments of the flagellum with abundant outstretched hairs; wings with a brown suffusion.
Male, length about 6-6.5 mm.; wing, 7.4 mm.
Rostrum brown, palpi dark brownish black. Antenne elongated, if bent backward they would extend to the middle of the abdomen; flagellar segments very long, cylindrical, with abundant outstretched hairs. Head gray.
Thoracic dorsum brown with three dark brown stripes, the median one longest and broadest, the lateral stripes short, narrowed in front, broader behind; scutum with the lobes dark brown these being continuations of the lateral prascutal stripes; scutellum and post- notum brown with a sparse gray bloom. Pleure brownish gray. Halteres long, pale at the extreme base, knob dark brown. Legs, coxee brown, more yellowish at the tips, trochanters yellow, femora yellow darkening into brown beyond the base, tibie and tarsi brown. Wings with a dark brown suffusion, stigma indistinct, veins dark brown with conspicuous hairs; venation (Pl. X XVII, fig. 30).
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the hypopygium lighter brown; sternites more yellowish.
Holotype, &, Eureka, Cal., May 22, 1903 (H. S. Barber).
This insect is conspicuously different from any 8 the deseribed
16 eycera Osten Sacken; Mon. Dipt. N. Am., vol. 4, pp. 281, 282; 1869. 7 rivularis Osten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sct. Phila., p. 249, pie , fig. 16; 1859. Bargentea Doane; Journ. N.Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 8, p. 196, pl. $ , fig. 19; 1900.
602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct.,
Dicranote. The resemblance of this insect to species of Polymera is remarkable. Tribe Hexatomini. Genus ERIOCERA Macquart. 1838. Hriocera Macquart; Dipt. exot., vol. 1, No. 1, p. 74. Eriocera tristis sp. n-
Abdomen shining black; wings with a blackish suffusion; cross- vein 7 at the fork of Ro:
Female, length, 12 mm.; wing, 10-10.8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antenne reddish brown. Head dark brownish black, much paler, yellowish, along the margin of the eye and a pale spot behind the frontal tubercle. Frontal tubercle conspicuous, shiny, without hairs, deep chestnut-brown with a V-shaped notch in front.
Thorax with the pronotum dark brownish black; mesonotum very dark brown with four indistinct blackish stripes, the middle pair longest, divergent in front, the lateral pair abbreviated; scutum and seutellum brown, the latter with a sparse gray bloom; postnotum black. Pleuree dark brown. Halteres dark brownish black. Legs, cox brown, trochanters dull yellow, femora full yellow at base, darkening into brown at the swollen tips; tibie reddish brown, tarsi brown. Wings blackish brown, stigma oval, dark brown; venation: cross-vein r at the fork of Res; cell 1st M. small, almost square; basal deflection of Cu beyond the fork of M. (The venation is figured in Psyche, vol. 19, pl. 13, fig. 8; 1912.)
Abdominal tergites dark shiny black, the terminal segment and the ovipositor reddish brown; sternites yellowish, apices of the segments dark brownish black, sometimes the yellow color indistinct.
Holotype, co, Fall Creek, Ithaca, N. Y., August 1, 1912 (Alex- ander).
Allotype, 2 , topotypic.
Paratypes, 1 2, topotypic, (Carl Ilg). 22, topotypie (Carl Ilg.).
I examined the types of fuliginosa O. S. on September 11, 1913. The wing is suffused with rather light brown; stigma small, rounded, brown; cross-vein r just beyond the fork of Ress. F. tristis may be told by the very dark color of the wings and the deep black abdomen; this is the species mentioned by me in Psyche, December, 1912, p. 169, under the account of E. fultonensis.
1914.) NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 603
Subfamily CYLINDROTOMIN 2. Genus CYLINDROTOMA Macquart. 1834. Cylindrotoma Macquart; Suit. a Buffon, vol. 1, p. 107.
Cylindrotoma splendens Doane.
1900. Cylindrotoma splendens Doane; Journal of the New York Ento- mological Society, vol. 8, p. 197, pl. 8, fig. 21.
1900. Cylindrotoma juncta Coquillett; Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. 2, p. 401.
Doane’s type (No. 7,051 U. 8. N. M., from Unalaska, August 24, 1897) was described three months before Coquillett’s juncta (No. 5,204 U. S. N. M., Virgin’s Bay, Alaska, June 26, 1899) appeared in press.
Cylindrotoma tarsalis Johnson.
1912. Cylindrotoma tarsalis Johnson; Psyche, vol. 19, p. 2, fig. 4. 1912. Cylindrotoma (?) anomala Johnson; Psyche, vol. 19, pp. 2, 3, fig. 3.
The two names given above represent one and the same species. I have found this insect commonly in various parts of Fulton County, N. Y. Genus PHALACROCERA Schiner.
Phalacrocera neoxena sp. n.
Wings dark-colored; vein R, persistent at the tip as in replicata Linnzus.
Male, length, 11.8-12 mm.; wing, 10.4-11 mm.
Female, length, 11.8 mm.; wing, 10.9-11.9 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne dark brownish black. Head broad, black with a sparse grayish bloom.
Pronotum black with a gray bloom which is most intense on the sides of the sclerites. Mesonotal preescutum with a pale yellowish gray bloom; four indistinct darker stripes, the median pair long, the lateral pair short and broad; scutum, scutellum and postnotum with a pale grayish white bloom. Pleure black with a gray bloom which leaves patches of the ground color at intervals. Halteres long, brown. Legs, cox grey, trochanters and femora yellowish brown, brown at the tip, tibie light brown, darker brown at the tip, tarsi dark brown. Wings with a brown suffusion; stigma prominent, oval, brown; veins dark brown; venation (PI. XXV, fig. 10): Rs very long, almost straight; cross-vein r short; R, beyond r persistent as in replicata, not atrophied as in tipulina; cross-vein r—m present as a short vein or else lost by the slight fusion of Ry+; on Mi+2; cell ist M, large, arcuated at the base.
Abdominal tergites brown with a dark brownish black median
604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct.,
line; lateral margins of the sclerites narrowly dark brownish black; sternites dark brown. Hypopygial sternites bright yellowish chest- nut, tergites brown.
Holotype, &, Nipigon, Algona District, Ontario, June 17, 1913 (Dr. E. M. Walker).
Allotype, 2, topotypic.
Paratype, No. 1, o, topotypic; No. 2, 3, type locality, June 18, 1913; No. 3, 2, North Fairhaven, Cayuga Co., N. Y., May 17, 1913, found dead in lake drift (Dr. J. G. Needham and Miss Emme- line Moore).
The type and paratype No. 1 is in the collection of the University of Toronto.
This insect is closest to P. replicata Linnzeus of Europe, but the wings are darker colored, much more tinged with brown; the vena- tion, although similar in the persistence of the tip of R,, shows a tendency to the reduction of the radio-median cross-vein, the base of cell 1st M, more arcuated and other details. Griinberg’s figure of the male hypopygium of replicata shows differences in the shape of the 9th tergite and the conspicuous appendages of the 9th sternite. The wing venation of the three known species of the genus are figured on Pl. XXV, replicata, fig. 9, neoxena, fig. 10, tipulina, fig. 11.
At this point it may be mentioned that there is a great difference in the interpretation of the venation of the radial field of the wing in this tribe of craneflies. Most authors have considered the vein R, of the Cylindrotomine to represent a combined fusion of Ry..+; from the tip of the wing backward. From a study of the venation of the known species of this tribe, about a dozen in all, it is seen that the above interpretation of a long backward fusion of Ris2:s is impossible and two other possible explanations are here presented. Looking over the series of wings before me, it seems that the vein hitherto considered as Ri,2+s 1s, in reality, R; or Rox; alone, R, becoming atrophied beyond the radial cross-vein rather than obliterating this cross-vein and fusing with R;. This is proved by the wings of Phalacrocera shown in the plate, in replicata and neoxena, R, being separated from R.+;, whereas in tipulina the tip of R, is atrophied beyond cross-veinr. A second possible interpretation is that of considering the small cross-vein mentioned by Osten Sacken as occurring in the costal cell beyond the tip of Se and present as a very indistinct vein in many specimens (Liogma) as being the
19 Siisswasserfauna Deutschlands, vol. 2A, pt. 1, p. 33; 1910.
1914.] " NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 605
tip of R:. In this case R, is quite short, extending only a slight distance beyond the fork of the radial sector, and the cross-vein r is very long and simulates a section of vein FR, ending at the outer part of the stigma; according to this interpretation, &, would be separate, but usually very indistinct or lacking, R. is atrophied at its tip except in two species of Phalacrocera (replicata and neoxena) , whereas the vein hitherto considered as being Ri,.+s is really R; alone. This latter explanation of these veins of the radial field is probably the correct one.
Subfamily TIPULIN®. Tribe Tipulini. re Genus LONGURIO Loew. 1869. Longurio Loew; Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 13, p. 3. Longurio minimus sp. n.}
Size small (wing under 18 mm.); wings with cell 1, long-petiolate.
Male, length, 21 mm.; wing, 14.6 mm.; abdomen, 17.6 mm.
Female, length, 27 mm.; wing, 16.4 mm.; abdomen, 22 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head very short, yellowish, the nasus elongate, prominent. Palpi and mouth parts brown. Antenne short, light yellow, the flagellar segments gradually decreasing in size from the base outward. Eyes rather large, metallic, the front between them narrowed. Head yellowish brown.
Thoracic dorsum brownish yellow, the stripes indistinct in alcoholic material. Pleurz dull yellow. Halteres yellow, the knob a little darker. Legs, cox and trochanters dull light yellow, femora and tibiz brownish yellow broadly brown at the tip, tarsi brown. Wings with a pale brown suffusion, stigma prominent, a narrow brown seam along the cord; venation (Pl. XX VII, fig. 32): petiole of cell M, nearly as long as the cell itself.
Abdominal tergites dull yellow, 7 to 9 dark brown, sternites light yellow, each segment with an elongate brown subterminal median mark, on the 6th and 7th segments covering the caudal end of the segment, 8th sternite dark brown, paler caudally, hypopygium brown.
Holotype, &, Tallulah Falls, Rabun Co., Ga., June 17, 1910 (J. C. Bradley).
Allotype, 2, topotypic.
Paratype, <’, topotypic.
I am referring this insect to Longurio, although it does not agree with Longurio testaceus Loew, the genotype, in some respects. L.
606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {Oct.,
testaceus® is a much larger insect (male, wing 25.5 mm., abdomen 36 mm.), the cell 7st M.is much larger and the petiole of cell M, is very short. 2schnosoma rivertonensis Johnson,” a paratype of which is in my collection through the kindness of Mr. Johnson, is a large fly (male, wing 22 mm., abdomen 30 mm.) with cell M, entirely sessile.
EXPLANATION OF PLates XXV, XXVI, XXVII.
Prare XXV.—Fig. 1.—Wing of Limnophila subcostata Alexander. Fig. 2.—Wing of L. (Ephelia) johnsoni sp. n. Fig. 3.—Wing of L. nigripleura A. & L. sp. n. Fig. 4—Wing of L. nove-anglie sp. n. Fig. 5.—Wing of L. stanwoode sp. n. Fig. 6.—Wing of L. osborni sp. n. Fig. 7.—Wing of Tricyphona katahdin sp. n. Fig. 8.—Wing of T. vernalis Osten Sacken. ¢ Fig. 9.—Wing of Phalacrocera replicata Linneus. Fig. 10.—Wing of P. neoxena sp. n. Fig. 11—Wing of P. tipulina Osten Sacken.
Pirate XXVI.—Fig. 12.—Wing of Frioptera (Mesocyphona) rubia sp. n.
Fig. 13.—Wing of FE. (Erioptera) dorothea sp. n.
Fig. 14.—Wing of E. (Erioptera) microcellula sp. n.
Fig. 15.—Wing of EF. (Empeda) alicia sp. n.
Fig. 16.—Hypopygium of £. (£.) microcellula; dorsal aspect of the pleurite and appendages. d = dorsal appendage.
Fig. 17.—Hypopygium of #. (£.) microcellula; ventral aspect of the dorsal apical appendage.
Fig. 18.—Hypopygium of EF. (E.) microcellula; ventral aspect of the ventral gonapophyses.
Fig. 19.—Hypopygium of ZF. (E.) lucia; lateral aspect of the pleurite.
Fig. 20.—Hypopygium of Z. (£.) lucia; dorsal aspect of the pleurite.
Fig. 21—Hypopygium of Gonomyia (Leiponeura) sacandaga; dorsal aspect.
Piate XXVII.—Fig. 22.—Wing of Dicranomyia nelliana sp. n. Fig. 23.—Wing of Rhipidia (Arhipidia) shannoni sp. n. Fig. 24.—Wing of T'eucholabis rubescens sp. n.
Fig. 25.—Wing of Gonomyia (Leiponeura) sacandaga sp. n. Fig. 26.—Wing of ? Gonomyia slossone sp. n.
Fig. 27.—Wing of Cladura delicatula sp. n.
Fig. 28.—Wing of Limnophila emmelina sp. n.,
Fig. 29.—Wing of L. (Dactylolabis) hortensia sp. n.
Fig. 30.—Wing of Rhaphidolabis polymeroides sp. n.
Fig. 31.—Wing of Dicranota pallida sp. n.
Fig. 32.—Wing of Longurio minimus sp. n.
» Berlin. Entomol. Zeitschr., vol. 13, p. 3; 1869. 21 Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 34, p. 116, pl. 16, figs. 138-15; 1909.
PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1914. PLATE XXVI.
ALEXANDER: CRANEFLIE
Ne ows Ve ee VO ihe EO BOP GOW eas BFe SY FE AAR “ NY; < Rae Low: aS me ~ Foyt Bae! * oot y a SCRE, RR BL EA ae Se aaeD ai SUN Re ee Se AS ote ae or Ary gn Es a! AY ne Ys , FE Sp SAGE EAs a
CES BaMe OL oper se | | y Weak eS ae Sen t ee as pasar i! fo eee EAE Rare Aaah seek AOS ae : Wiss Beene Son Ne WY OK NH, Pe ve
ne toe = ey 2S" gy a cred WK Ms ne Ae Ws. ri : Ned Pe ee SE GSN Neen eee See Roe i Rees RN RE UN PH Sasa aeae SORA Sip Oe oe ne ners ee) ak ; ary & Merete oe ae ei ae cane ee 2 - Coen ety Crees seat veepee ie: Ren oS wu Lae oe i“ “ah ie. ue rete EN oe ae CaN oye ee x oie, ey ae ate on ay BRS 72 er ee x ee ge ae
| hes Es Mat oe ih lon Oe sre Ve ae ea nee ae
2) ey, xR | Sa ah 14 Py %3 is ee a rr SS ALOR Y SURG ate REE eR Ran
BCA che “Khe ew <i wets ee Jehan Cid or
bes pet boi NS aaa MAE Se ao RULE She Se ak MA Rare ee ate A
iy > Re +e sve PLY Aah we i t 9 he 3. 12 aR, aa 1h), TP =k Ne PAO . IY MBER Ym OS See NY Sark oor oa ve a5 Ae TOG au MME aD c us QL Alexander, Charles Paul. ‘© 8% 0.7" Mise ae YY" 337 . Papers on Tipulidae. Lt lea