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Peta Ve at bab oy bbe ree soit ’ 4 > wire deta arted ee ty) > | ft ita “4 wt propre oy wine nen yodede , ey eRe hia le bi Wed bees 5 8 ed aauar foes ony in a . / sme G98 9 iy i* Hq hGt bout gy sind on ‘ saree “ae gern Lbs hel ehdbdie betes an oy wee ty ' “ p+ Pee pee Chey id bel Sat eM oe uo satjau mane Hye (sy yee ny vee ‘ erie ih ‘ , i ry “a be ; i heen maar ft mt mau t ‘ 7 4 muy toepedio da ja pmnnawa toy ue me it a weal ; aryl, ye ae Hie pene phds ae Ake : ) *o ie re Hvye tty ries q ry) aay + ti ree rt ’ ‘ ' pigee Poegngn pen Pavey “aye eh ° ag ' vt ay Min ge mednas eo yaaNd eee palit te ay iat sey i . eh mtg “Vee Detae at pat fey ‘ ' Vedra sey ; ine ron teh , yd 20 5 44) sae ’ enable ’ . Far dedepe > >y et ‘ birndpn ion ed ehe tis ‘ v . i aw 1 rotytens ve omige amin od AT Boa fe yo ba do¥aylaad LM) s8dnq4 - 27,5 wag a eae Pune, i wet APR 6 1901 MONTHLY NOTICES 1ST OF PAPERS & PROCEEDINGS . OF THE BAY Al, SOCIETY OF TASMANIA, FOR at, SHAS PENN ERIN \S Fr. TASMANTA: PRINTED AT THE ‘‘ MERCURY” STEAM PRESS OFFICE, HOBART TOWN, 187 Oo. Gontents, Page Proceedings of the Society for March ..............0s00e8 ccs cateesceuepeanentee 1 Plant Impressions from Claystone...........csecssoscesccscecces Permee siccecscn cet 2 Endogenophyllites Wellingtonensis............c.cesceeceee neesGen ent se eadenene eee 2 Remarks on Esparto Grass. ............secesseseeee Susinasesceccatsacheeeeaeen wakeneee we eee Dried Shell-fish, &c., from Hast Coast...........ccssecccscossensecceas 5. camaitepeeeee 3 Printed Records of Early Days of the Colony 5 Proceedings of the Society for April ..............csseceesees soi candesvereeeeen acon) aD Artificial Fecundation of Ova of Grayling... 33. g-s-cesbecs eer eees a sige ce debasbe eee 6 pheep Hluke, Discussion OM... 50: 1.0 .sedeesasasiaceee cvesnedciosea grote o seeuuunednes 6 Kingfisher, second species of, in Tasmania. sen Gapiadosces duiieee eS cenece ie eeteme acents Proceedings of the Society for INE DY sinc wn wewanicancudtreste ox neces esen eae Toageen tees 7 Epthianura albifrons breeding in Tasmania........ ovcadsenseas ssases seneaceienaee oe Salpa, Remarks on 8 Aphis OM Guy WeAV CS o cc scices 0025. -0ehsusaicveseccanaesscassezence) eee eee aeeceen 8 9 12 SOC cveccescer cet OScoosssrcersessscouses On the Transit of Mercury over the Sun’s Disc, Nov. 5th, 1868 Remarks on the Sheep Fluke ( Fasciola Hepatica y Pe ne 8 Remarks on the Geological Structure of Part of the North Coast of Tas- mania, with special reference to the Tertiary Marine Beds near Table ‘Cape adue¥aceBehsecccse soa, a= sev easis ot phos» sednebmlery cache: eta 17 22 Meteorological and Botanical Abstract for the Autumn 2 Quarter, U 1869 . Proceedings of the Society for JUNC:....+e.casvescosvesciees) soe saezcanesauenee ieee mea Beet Sugar, DISCUSSIOI OM oats. cacsnc weve esimsos sewenncan¥enevaceaie. oat ee here 24 Proceedings of the Society for July.............. 60g aceasueeics scans nee eeeeeeees RR ere Salmon Trout detained in fresh water.........0.....008 didedtsbuen teamed yneme acta 29 Sulphur, Apparatus for applylng, to plants.. .....0....ssesere serseseereerneceres 29 The Manufacture of Beet Sugar in New South Wales. By James ; Barnard 30 Proceedings oi the Society for AUGUSE. 004.3 ects sseascd cocscesteceat espe ene 38 The Growth of Beet-Root and Manufacture of Sugar. By James Barnard 32 Nobert’s Test Plate, Moller’s Diatom Type Slide, and Modern Mircroscopes BysFrancis Abbott, F.R.A.S., F.R.MLS. .:.icc:. cvccesseencee seen eee - op Meteorological and Botanical Abstract for the Winter Quarter, 1869...... 42 Proceedings of the Society for September ...........,......scsceesseccescocscccecce 43 Septaria from New Zealand..................scesee soeeeoeisee oseeseecnsdeadseraeeeeeee 43 Proceedings of the Society for October...... ....... Pecan ocessessscnmertaleseaeen 45 Proceedings of the Society for November........... ee eeeeee enact vencie bh Sgseaeaeeeee 47 Gold, &e., from iinngana, .. cidece- 20.5 )c0c00e Bais spdesetiecinesedeveseened si sss eaeee eam 47 Salmon Smolt caught in Derwent............ccseccorsocsecees tes cebdeneness eee eee Microscopical, Meeting 250.7) cesar. ce os cisceneeate svete testes shvndecseteeetee eee 48 Net-Fishing in the Derwent. By Morton Allport, F.L.S., F.Z Re 50 Notes on the Occurrence of Gold at Port Cygnet. By T. Stephens, M. ae 55 The Phyllactidium pulchellum. By E. D. Harrop, F.R.M.S. od Seeasoe een Meteorological and Botanical Abstract for the Spring Quarter, "1869... 61 3 as Summer Quarter, 1869-70 63 List of Bellows <. /sititeete cs tens sace ancrscaettencerters pseeace shhh ce ea teeta 72 Minutes of Annual General Meeting i niwdveaadvecwdececnwaexcenat te eceneae Scedacten men Report of Council for 1868 ........... Beane eee seaeeaee esisbtieoyenete se cl .sesedeee eee an Statement of Funds of Suciety ............seecceseee dvcnsonei ocesscehseaeeneeaaeane Aes: Books Purchased and Presénted......0......ceesce-eseessreesessees DPMP es hs 1. oo Presentations tO MuUs@tnr....iicectonessicvatvcve+e vececees oaeveeecehcemean ee aeeenee 85 * Plants; dev, recerved: ab Gardens <..cic.) o.ccesncor sense! gescel soso ceeeee ieee 88 3 Bemb from Gardens eressesewdssosca see ces ceases sackeesecneeemeeem rele a oe supplied ‘to Publie Places... .....0.+.+.saraaesce tere eeaeeee Rotates 89 Plants introduced into Botanic Gardens during the year seenne aunties eae 90 APR 6 1901 ERRATA. Page 6.—Sixth line from bottom, for ‘ pieced,” read ‘‘ placed.” Page 12.—First line, for “‘ heptica,” read ‘‘ hepatica.” Page 59,—Twelfth line, for ‘‘ Eudochrome,” read ‘‘ Endechrome.” ROYAL SOCIETY. Se MARCH, 1869. The monthly evening meeting of the Fellows, the first of the present Session, was held on Tuesday, the 9th March, J. Barnard, Esq., in the chair. The Hon. Secretary (Dr. Agnew) laid on the table the following re- turns :— 1 2. 3. 4, Visitors to Museum (February), 887. Ditto to Gardens (February), 1,911. Plants, &c., received at Gardens (February) :—From the Acclimati- sation Society, Christchurch, New Zealand, seeds of Areca sapida, and Cordyline indivisa. From Mr. C. F. Creswell, 11 packets seeds and 9 species of bulbous plants received from England. Seeds sent from Gardens :— To A. Verschaffelt, Ghent, Belgium, one packet of seeds of Areca sapida. 5. Time of leafing, flowering, and fruiting of a few standard plants in Botanic Gardens. 6. Books and periodicals received during January and February. Meteorological Returns :— 1. Hobart Town, from F, Abbott, Esq., tables for January and Feb- o3 ri co bo ruary. Port Arthur, from J. Boyd, Esq., table for January. Swansea, from Dr. Story, ditto, ditto Westbury, from F. Belstead, Esq., ditto, ditto and February. Adelaide, South Australia, from C. Todd, Esq., Government Observer, tables for December, 1868. Sydney, New South Wales, from C. R. Todd, Esq., Government Observer, tables for December and January. The presentations were as follows :— I. an FF From J. Milligan, Esq., London. (a). Seven packages of Tasmanian plants, named by Dr. Hooker, of ew, (b). Two ditto Italian plants. (c). Six specimens of Calymene Blumenbachii from Wenlock Shale, Gotland (ad). Specimen of Esparto Grass. . From G. Whitcomb, Esq. :— (a). Sample of coal from Lambton Colliery, Newcastle, and Bitumi- nous Shale from Hartley, New South Wales. (o). Sample of Sugar Cane-grown in Queensland. . From G. Krefft, Esq., Sydney Museum, per M. Allport, Esq., five prepared skins of birds from King George’s Sound. . From Mr. R. T. Dyer, Brighton, an Albino variety of the Rosella Parrot (Platycerceus eximius). . From the Hon. R. Officer, a White Hawk. . A Goshawk (Astur approximans). 2 3 7. From 8S. Hannaford, Esq., specimen of Sipwneulus from Corio Bay, Geelong. 8. From Captain T. Nichols, Skeleton of a Fish from Howe’s Island. §. From Mr. J. Kelly, One Shilling of Queen Anne, 1707, and a Danish Copper Coin, 1771. 10. From Mr. 8. H. Wintle :— (a). A Vegetable Impression in Shale, from a height of between ' three and four thousand feet on Mount Wellington (Endogeno- phyllites Wellingtonensis. McCoy.) (2). A Cluster of Plant Impressions from a Claystone Formation in Patrick-street. [In reference to this specimen, Mr. Wintle mentioned in his note that he had for anumber of years past been in the habit of examining the for- mation from which it was obtained, whenever he happened to be in the locality, but had not succeeded in finding any trace of organic structure until about three weeks ago, when he discovered several impressions simi- lar to those presented. He also stated that he had sent some to Professor McCoy, who considers them of great importance, and will shortly deter- mine the position they hold in the scale of fossil flora. | (c). Fragments of Shale, bearing impressions of Cryptogamic Plants from New Town. (ad). Specimen of Pholas sp. from Rocks below Sandy Fay. (e). Collection of specimens of Coleoptra, &c. (f). Gall Fly and Nest, also a smaller species, with its Larva. The Hon. Secretary read notes by Mr. Wintle, on the fossils and other objects presented by him. The recent Pholas, with its perfect syphon, preserved in spirits, and the shell of another embedded in the clay rock, into which the animal had bored to a considerable depth, were examined with interest, as also were the large and small Gall Flies, which produce their characteristic growths on the leaves of the gum and other trees. As to one of the fossils (No. 10, a) a letter was read from Professor McCoy, to whom it had been sent by Mr. Wintle for examination, and by whom, as a new species, it had been named Endogenophyllites Wellingtonensis. Mr. M. Allport called attention to the many interesting specimens pre- sented by Mr. Wintle ; and mentioned in reference to the vegetable re- mains occurring in the clay rock, that similar impressions had been many years ago found by him (Mr. Allport) in vast numbers, in a quarry at the Old Beach, but from the coarser material, the difficulty of assigning to them their correct position amongst fossil flora was very great. Recently, Mr. Allport had found similar remains in a quarry near the Cascades, and that gentleman remarked that if a few more would interest themselves in a strict search, the probability was strong that remains of greater paleeon- tological interest, and which would fix the geological age of the whole of these rocks, might be found. Referring to the wasp’s nest presented by Mr. Wintle, Mr. Allport presented a similar nest with the wasp which constructed it, the wasp having been watched at work on the nest, caught and brought to the donor by a boy only five years old. Mr. Barnard, in continuation of a former paper on the subject, read the following communication relative to the Esparto Grass, and laid on the table a sheet of Esparto paper :—‘“‘It may be in the recollection of the Fellows that, at the meeting of the Royal Society which was held on the evening of the 14th July last, on the occasion of submitting some ob- servations on the desirability of acclimatizing the Esparto Grass for the manufacture of paper, with a view to the establishment of a paper mill in Tasmania, I was requested to prosecute the enquiry, and obtain further information on a subject considered of wide importance. Accordingly, 5) by the July mail I gave effect to my promise of compliance with that request, by placing myself in communication with an eminent commercial firm in London, and soliciting their co-operation in the matter ; and I will now lay before the Society the result of the correspondence up to the present date, regretting, while sanguine of the attainment of ultimate success, that more should not have by this time been accomplished. By return mail, under date 11th September, 1868, these gentlemen write :— ‘The short interval between the arriyal and departure of the Marseilles Mail, has prevented our obtaining any useful information with regard to the Esparto Grass for the manufacture of paper; but you may rely upon our doing our best to assist you; and we will report, by next mail, the result of our inquiries.’ Agreeably to this intimation, onthe 9th October I was favoured with the following particulars :—‘ Esparto Grass.—We learn that 50,000 to 100,000 tons are imported here annually from Spain and the opposite coast of Africa. The last that was sold here fetched £4 15s. a ton, but scarcely any comes in here for sale. The bulk is bought by acompany (in which Lloyd is the principal man) who have establishments in Spain, and own or charter ships for bringing in whole cargoes, and have a patent for dressing it here. It seems quite a mono- poly, and other importers have discontinued. Under the circumstances, as you will conjecture, it is not easy to obtain information; but we have been able to get a sample of the last sold here, which we send you by this Mail. We are endeavouring to procure through some friends in Spain, a bushel of the seed. If we succeed, we will forward it to you; but it will be some time first.’ By the last Mail, under date 3lst December, 1868, the same gentlemen write :—‘ We have not succeeded in getting any further information about the Esparto grass; but we understand that another vegetable fibre—from Africa—is being tested by paper-makers, and promises good results. We will communicate any further information which we may obtain on the subject.’ The sample of Esparto grass re- ferred to has been laid upon the table, and the Society will please to receive the information embodied in the foregoing correspondence in the light of a progress report, to be followed up by further information from time to time as it may be transmitted. I present a sheet of paper manufactured from Esparto grass, for which I am indebted to the courtesy of Messrs. William Knight and Co., merchants of the New Wharf, which will enable the members to judge of its quality.” Mr. Justin Browne had seen it stated that this grass was driving rags out of the English market. Mr. Napier observed that the profit from the grass must be enormous, as its price was but £4 10s. per ton, whilst the value of the paper pro- duced from it was from £40 to £50 per ton. Mr. F. Abbots read an interesting paper on the late transit of Mercury over the Sun’s disc. The Secretary in laying before the meeting. two specimens of the dried mutton fish (Haliotis sp.), prepared by the Chinese at South Port, read the following note from Mr. Justin Browne :—‘“‘I send you for exhibition at to-night’s meeting some dried Mutton Fish. The shell of this fish is well known as the ‘ear shell,’ and when living the fish envelopes the shell or nearly covers it, and clings to the rocks with great tenacity. The Chinese pierce the shell with a sort of spear, and the fish being thus paralysed is easily detached from the rock ; it is separated from the shell much as an oyster is, and is then dried in a slow oven built for the purpose, after which the dried fish are packed in casks or cases for export. Before cooking, it is soaked in water for a considerable time. Crayfish are treated in the same manner, and are cured in large quantities.” 4 Mr. W. Knight, junr., exhibited a black powdery looking substance received from Mr Glover, who precured it on the West Coast. It occurs in considerable quantities along some of the freshwater creeks, and on some of the sea beaches and is carbonaceous in character—possibly the remains of firewood used by the Aborigines at their cooking places, where shell and other fish were consumed. On the motion of Mr. Allport, seconded by Mr. Justin Browne, the thanks of the meeting were given to the authorsof papers, and the donors slag especially to Mr. Wintle, for his very interesting con- ribution. 5 APRIL, 1869. The monthly evening meeting of the Fellows was held on Tuesday, the 13th April, T. Giblin, Esq., in the chair. The following returns for the past month were laid on the table :— . Visitors to Museum, 877. . Ditto to Gardens, 2,724. . Plants, &c., sent from Gardens. . Time of leafing, flowering, and fruiting of a few standard plants in Gardens. . Books and Periodicals received. . Presentations to Museum. Meteorological Returns :— 1. Hobart Town, from F. Abbott, Esq., Table and Summary for March. 2. Port Arthur, from J. Boyd, Esq., Tables for February and March. 3. Westbury, from F’. Belstead, Esq., Table for March. 4. Brisbane, Queensland, from E. McDonnell, Esq., Meteorological Summary for February. 5. Lighthouses, &c., from the Hobart Town Marine Board, Monthly Tables for the half-year ended 31st December, 1868. The presentations to the Museum and Library were as follows :— 1. From W. Johnstone, Esq., Trinity Hill, a Boomerang and Waddy from Queensland, a Spear from New Hebrides. OS On moh 2. From H. M. Hull, Esq., a Key-hole Limpet, and Chiton, from Sandy Bay ; a Magpie ‘Perch. 3. From Mr. F. Holmes, portion of Skin of Whale, tanned. 4. From Mr. G. F. Gooch, a small Silver Coin. 5. From Mr. Mitchell, Sandy Bay, a Basket and Necklace made by Female Aborigines of Tasmania. 6. From Dr. Cox, Sydney, 67 specimens of Shells. 7. From Mr. Hannaford, an Ostracion and 2 seeds of the Trappa bicornis, from China. §. From W. A. B. Gellibrand, Esq,, a Female Specimen of the Native Tiger (Thylacinus cynocephalus). 9. From J. Maclanachan, Esq., a Hen Golden Pheasant. 10. From J. Swan, Esq., Skeletons of Forester and Brush Kangaroo, and 2 Bandicoots. 11. From Mrs. Room, Launceston, an Indian Silver Coin (4 rupee) 12. From Dr. W. Sonder, Hamburg, Flora Capensis, by Drs. Harvey and Sonder, 3 vols. bound cloth. 13. Tasmanian Industries, by J. E. Calder, Esq. (pamphlet), 2 copies, presented by Her Majesty’s Government. 14, Statistics of New Zealand, 1867, presented by New Zealand Govern- ment, 15. From E. D. Harrop, Esq., Launceston, Four Mounted Specimens of Fluke (Fasciola hepatica). 16. From Mrs. C. Meredith, Specimen of the Australian Coot (Fulica Australis). 17. From Mr. F. A. Moore, Mangalore Farm, Bridgewater, a Copy of The Derwent Star and Van Diemen’s Land Intelligencer, April 3rd, 1810, containing an account of the death of Governor Collins. Printed Government Orders, January 14th, February 5th, March 2nd, April 5th, 6th, and 15th, 1814. A Promissory Note, value 3d. , signed W. Robinson, 1824, [ These records of the early days of the Colony excited much attention among the members present. ] The Secretary, Dr. Agnew, read a letter from Baron F. Von Mueller, 6 intimating that a copy of a work entitled “ Flora Capensis,” by Drs. W. H. Harvey and O. W. Sonder, had been presented to the Society by the latter gentleman. (See presentation No. 12.) Dr. Sonder also took the opportunity of conveying his thanks for his election as a corresponding member of the Society. . Mr. M. Allport informed the meeting that he had this season success- fully stripped and fecundated the ova from the indigenous grayling (Prototroctes murena). The male and female fish were taken with the rod at the Falls, New Norfolk, during the last week in March. The ova were brought to town and deposited in a slate tray with a gentle stream of water running through it. The embryos first showed in 3 days and hatched out in 8 to 12 days. Unfortunately the delicate little fish scarcely survived the extrusion from the egg more than a few minutes, and were all lost, probably from want of greater depth, or other physical condition of the water, of which we are at present ignorant. The main interest attaching to the experiment is, that it upsets the theory long held by many fisher- men that these fish spawn in salt water. The Secretary read a paper by Mr. E. D. Harrop, of the Bank of Van Diemen’s Land, Launceston, on the fluke (Fasciola hepatica). The subject was illustrated by several microscopical preparations (mounted by the author) of the Ova, Ovaries, &c., of the animal, which were examined with much interest by the Fellows present. Discussion followed, and, after a well-merited compliment to Mr. Harrop, for the care and neatness displayed in the mounted specimens of fluke presented to the Society, Mr. M. Allvort observed that Mr. Harrop regrets that he has been unable to prepare any specimens of the Cerca- riz of Fasciola hepatica, thereby implying that he has found such Cerca- riz; has he done so? and if so, where ? Mr. Allport believed that reliable information as to the Cercarie being found elsewhere than in sheep, would supply a link hitherto missing in the natural history of this fluke. Cob- bold expressly states that the life of the liver fluke subsequent to the hatching of the ciliated embryo, and until its re-appearance in the liver of the sheep, is at present unknown, but, that analogy (based on the well- known history of other allied creatures) would lead to the conclusion that the embryo takes up its residence in a molluscan host, and forms sporocysts, the progeny from which ultimately get to the interior of the sheep. Mr. Allport admitted that the probabilities are strong that some other hosts than mammalia were concerned in the development of the liver fluke, but stating that to the best of his belief proof was yet wanting. Mr. Walter Gellibrand mentioned an instance in which he had known sound ground on which a few fluky sheep were pieced for a few days, to transmit the disease to sound sheep in three weeks, in this case it seems hard to believe that any intermediate host was concerned in the development of the perfect fluke. A vote of thanks to Mr. Harrop, and to the donors of presentations, closed the proceedings. MAY, 1869. The monthly evening meeting of the Fellows was held on Tuesday, the 11th May, M. Allport, Esq., in the chair. The following returns for the past month were laid on the table:— IO Qe Cob . Visitors to Museum, 781. . Ditto to Gardens, 1,567. . Plants, &c., received at gardens. . Ditto, sent from gardens. . Time of leafing, flowering, and fruiting of a few standard plants in gardens. . Books and periodicals received. . Presentations to Museum. Meteorological Returns. qn me Cob . Hobart Town, from F. Abbott, Esq., table and summary for April. . Swansea, from Dr. Story, table for April. . Westbury, from F. Belstead, Esq., table for April. . Sydney, from G. R. Smalley, Esq., Government Observer, table for February. . New Zealand, from the Government Observer, tables for January and February. The presentations were as follow ;— fo’) wr lor) On me OO wre 10. ii: . From Mrs. C. Meredith, a Coot (Fulica Australis). . From Hon. C. Meredith, Esq., two specimens of “ Silver Fish’ from Prosser’s Bay. . A Kingfisher (Alcyone azurea) donor unknown. . From T. Stephens, Esq., a Kingfisher (Haleyon sanctus), from South- port. t . From E. D. Swan, Esq., nest and eggs of Epthianura albifrons, found at Cornelian Bay. . From Dr. Storey, Swansea, skeletons of Eagle Hawk, Crane, Bandi- coot, &e. . From Mr. A. J. Taylor, New Norfolk, a copper Coin of French Republic. . From Mr. Rollings, Sorell, a Jade Chiselfrom New Zealand. Flint Implement used by Tasmanian Aborigines for skinning Kangaroo, & Cc. . From M. Allport, Esq., Gelatinous tube of Salpa, and small Crus- tacean found within it. From Adventure Bay. Ditto, found at sea on the voyage from England, presented by Miss S. P. Edwards. From the Hon. R. Officer, Esq., M.H.A., a set of Maps of Geological Survey of Victoria, 1 vol. bound. Mr. Stephens called attention to a specimen of Kingfisher (presentation No. 4), which he had brought from Recherche Bay, where it was shot by Mr. Collis, and remarked that it was not included by Gould among the birds of Tasmania, M r. Swan remarked that he had for some time been aware of the existence of a second species of Kingfisher in Tasmania, and on examining the bird referred to by Mr. Stephens, had no doubt as to its being a speci- men of the sacred Halcyon (Halcyon sanctus), whose habitat had hitherto been supposed to be confined to the Australian Continent. With regard to presentation No. 5 (Nest and Eggs of Epthianura albifrons) the same gentleman observed that it was interesting, as proving 8 beyond a doubt that these birds breed in the colony, they having previously been looked upon as mere casual visitors. Referring to the crustaceans presented (Nos. 9 and 10), Mr. M. Allport stated that his specimen was picked up alive on the beach at Adventure Bay. At first the animal kept itself so pertinaciously within the clear gelatinous cylinder (resembling in shape a small barrel with the ends knocked out), through which it could be distinctly seen moving about, that he took this cylinder to be a part of the animal, probably some exten- sion of the carapace, analagous to that found in the entomostraca, but further observation showed that the enclosed crustacean was quite free of its beautiful envelope, and that it readily protruded its head and . anterior limbs from either aperture. The envelope might be the empty case of one of the Salpx, a family of floating molluscs, many genera of which are common round our coast, and the crustacean either took up its temporary residence in the already empty case or, as is most probable, had first devoured the softer parts of the mollusc and was on the look out for a second victim. Having preserved the specimen, Mr. Allport showed it some time after to a lady (Miss Edwards), who immediately recognised it as identical with one caught by her in a floating dredge on the voyage from England several years before, and which she had preserved. In order to demonstrate that the crustacean in the first specimen had not chosen its crystal-like home by mere chance, but as a part of the regular economy of this curious animal, Miss Edwards had kindly presented her duplicate specimen to the Museum. Mr. Allport incidentally remarked that many of the Salpz from the diaphanous nature of their outer covering, would form beautiful living objects for low powers at one of the Society’s microscopic meetings. Mr. Stephens, in bringing under special notice the fossils from Table Cape, collected and presented to the Society by Mr. Hainsworth, gave a lucid sketch of the geological formation of the portion of the northern seaboard of the island, extending from the Tamar to Circular Head. He then noticed in detail several of the specimens, and pointed out their value in a palzeontological pointof view. Mr. Stephens also referred to the great value which a more complete series would be to the Museum, and was sanguine that Mr. Hainsworth would still pursue his labours in the cause, and enrich the collection with specimens yet to be discovered. Mr. M. Allport called attention to a branch of Gum (Eucalyptus sp.), kindly forwarded by Lady Dry, the leaves of which were coated with a purple powder, resolving itself, under the microscope,into myriads of eggs of some insect, now rapidly hatching, and probably belonging to the Aphides. Under the low powers of the instrument the brilliant colours of the egg-cases elicited much admiration. The Chairman (Mr. Allport) after the proposal of the vote of thanks to the donors of presentations, and to Mr. Stephens, for his able remarks on the geology of the North Coast, called the attention of the meeting to one fact, that fixed the geological age of the raised beaches at Table Cape at about the same as the Travertine of Geilston Bay, though one was of marine, and the other of fresh-water origin, viz., the presence in each of bones of existing animals, as evinced by the Wallaby skeleton obtained from the coast formation by Mr. Wm. Archer, and the bones of the Dasyuri, Phalangiste, and Permales, obtained by himself from Geilston. After some conversational discussion, the thanks of the meeting were accorded to the donors of presentations, specially to Mr. Hainsworth for his valuable contribution, and to Mr. Stephens for his interesting address. The meeting then terminated. 9 ON THE TRANSIT OF MERCURY OVER THE SUN’S DISC, NOV. 5ru, 1868. —_m™ By Francis Aszort, F.R.A.S., &c. T lay on the table a diagram in which is embodied the ele- ments, and a full explanation, of the transit of Mercury, with the true path of the planet over the sun’s disc on the 5th of November, 1868. The observations were made with a five foot equatorially mounted achromatic telescope. Other obser- vations were also made at the time, and near the same place, with a small Gregorian reflector. The day was fine, and the passage of the planet over the sun’s disc was observed as a well-defined round black spot. When the true limb of the planet reached the true limb of the sun, the light being cut off, a fine dark ligament appeared to connect the limb of the planet and the sun, showing the true time at first contact. The Hobart Town time of transit was computed from the Nautical Almanac; the observations made with a half second chronometer, and when compared with the normal clock it was found to be remarkably close, I scarcely think one second in error. The sun’s limb was well defined, and the tremor by no means considerable. Some measures were made of the difference of right ascension of the Sun and Planet, they have been corrected for refraction, and for the motion of the sun, andare compared with the elements given in the nautical almanac, as shown in the diagram. In the observation I saw neither central bright spot, halo, nor satellite, My attention was directed to time determinations for ascertaining longitude, rather than to any peculiarities that might be presented during the transit. The Royal Astronomical Society are in full possession of all the means employed by Commander Kay for determining the geographical position of the Magnetic Observatory here, the whole series of observations consisted of moon culminating stars, of which 41 sets from both limbs of the moon were observed on the meridian, with an excellent transit instrument by Troughton and Simms. The solar eclipses, and the eclipses of Jupiter’s satellites were observed with a telescope made for the purpose by Jones. When the distance of any two given places is not very great, the longitude is determined with accuracy by transmission of chronometers, for which purpose Captain Kay availed himself of the well known positions of the observatory at Parramatta and Fort Macquarie, Sydney Harbour ; by this method no less than 76 chronometers were 10 employed, independent of 110 astronomical observations, and a triangulation. The whole of these observations were made from the year 1843 to 1846, and in order to obtain the corresponding observations of the moon culminating stars, previous arrangements were made at Greenwich, Edinburgh, Cambridge and Oxford. The lunar observations were after- wards placed in the hands of Mr. Riddle, head Mathematical. Master of the Nautical School at Greenwich, for reduction, and the whole series were reduced, and a paper drawn up from the results by Captain Shadwell, for the Astronomical Society, which gave for the longitude of Hobart Town, 9h. 49min. 29°6 SECS. Since the time this result was arrived at Captain Denham, when stationed at Garden Island, sent an officer into these waters for the purpose of confirming the longitude of Hobart Town. The mean result of all observations made at that time, gave for the longitude 9h. 49m. 28°8s. being a small difference of (0°3)—eight-tenths of a second. There remains, however, still much doubt as to the correct geographical position of any of the Australian colonies being correctly known. Captain Kay thinks with the Astronomer Royal, that for observing the forthcoming Transit of Venus, in December 1874 and 1882, they are not suited until better known. Mr. Ellery thinks differently, he considers the longitude of the Melbourne Observatory as well known as that at the Cape of Good Hope. The Sydney Astronomers believe the longitude established at Fort Macquarie, Sydney Harbour, and at the Observatory, Parramatta, by the late Sir Thomas Brisbane, assisted by his computer and observer, Mr. Rurnker, and Mr. Dunlop, to be the best known of any in these colonies. The authorities for the establishment of the longitude of Fort Macquarie, Sydney Harbour, and the chronometrical dif- ferences of meridians employed in the determination of the longitude for Hobart Town, from them, were very numerous. The determination of the latitude of any place isa much simpler problem ; the latitude obtained by Captain Kay,was the result of sextant observations by the method of circum-meri- dional altitudes of the sun and stars. In their reduction, Baily’s Tables and Formule of reduction to the meridian, and Ivory’s Tables of refraction, with their correction for pressure and temperature were used. Captain Kay thinks that the latitude assigned to the observatory cannot be much in error. If we consider the number of observations made and the large amount of labour bestowed upon them, the authority connected, and the result obtained, we have an equal right to consider the geographical position of Hobart Town, as correct as any of the Australian colonies. In all probability not one of the eprle TRANSIT of MERCURY QVER THE SUNS DISC NOVEMBER 5** {868 h mm HOBART TOWN TIME OF INGRESS 3. 14.9 .em. ' ; i FGRESS 6 .'52.27x W. Cc. Frgueadl, dé. . F. Abbott Survey Department, Hobart Town . RK re oe ® 1 tare ee 4s 11 ten principal observers engaged at the transit of Venus in 1769 had a fixed position more correct than that at Hobart Town. The re-discussion of the transit of Venus in 1769 recently made by Mr. Stone, at the Greenwich observatory, from results of ;all observations made at the time, has reduced the sun’s distance to near that arrived at by the opposition of Mars, and the speed of light, viz., 91,700,000 miles. This great problem therefore may be considered aimost settled within the require- ments of our present astronomy, and only waits for confirmation at the next transit of Venus to make all things accordant. This necessity is more felt owing to some doubt having arisen on a misinterpretation said to be made by Mr. Stone, in his re-discussion on Chappe’s statement made at the time of con- tact of the sun and Planet, and the circumstance of Pauly having left his telescope before the last contact. This question of the correct geographical position of these colonies therefore, is a problem that will require to be settled before the time arrives for ascertaining the true value of the solar paralax. There is a great uncertainty of any expedition being able to reach either Wilks Land or Sabrina Landin the month of December. In all probability the Australian colonies will be made the southern limit of observation. If, therefore, some well-defined spot is fixed upon in the interim, and suitable means employed to establish it as a starting point for deter- mining the correct geographical position of any other spot with equal accuracy, either by telegraphic communication or trans- mission of chronometers, several different stations could be either confirmed or corrected for the reception of any number of expeditions that might be sent to these colonies. 12 REMARKS ON THE FLUKE (fASCIOLA HEPTICA). eee By E. D. Harrop, F.R.M.S. Having lately had an opportunity of examining and dissect- ing specimens of Fluke, and in consequence having had to refer to some of the literature extant relating thereto, I ven- ture to lay before your learned Society a few remarks, bearing more particularly on the generative organs, and reproduction of this parasite. ¥ beg to offer for examination by the Members, preparations as follows :— Slide No. 1. Fasciola hepatica, taken from liver of sheep killed in the Midland District, showing oral and ventral suckers. Slide No. 2. Portion of uterus, with eggs packed in situ. Slide No. 3. Eggs of Fasciola hepatica. Slide No. 4. Same ; with operculum off, and vitelline con- tents extruded, also showing filamentoid spermatozoa. These parasites are perfectly hermaphrodite. Their gene- rative organs are well understood, and in proportion to the size of the animal, the extent and complication of these organs are astonishing. The male apparatus, the uterine cavity and oviduct, the yelk forming glands, occupy by far the greatest portion of the body. ’ Siebold says, ‘“‘the female apparatus of the trematodes con- sists of a germ forming organ (ovary), with its excretory duct; then two others for forming the vitellus, which have also excretory ducts, and then a simple uterus with its vagina. The male apparatus consists of testicles with their excretory canals, an internal seminal vesicle, a cirrhus-sac, an external seminal vesicle, and a penis.” This simple and concise description fails to convey a suffi- ciently enlarged idea of the beautiful arrangement and extent of the organ devoted to reproduction in the species under consideration. The whole circumference of the body just beneath the skin is occupied by the ovaries, from these ovifer- ous canals arise, and uniting on each side of the body, convey their contents into the large oviducts which terminate in the uterus. The male apparatus takes up the centre of the body. The testes, consisting of a great number of small and much convoluted vessels, terminate in two large tubes which convey the spermatic fluid to the vas deferens, which becoming attenuated, terminates at the root of the penis. The uterus consists of a tortuous tube filled with eggs. A portion of the uterus isshown in preparation No. 2. The eggs 13 are of a yellowish color, have an operculum, and are found in vast numbers in individual specimens of the entozoon. Slides Nos. 2 and 3 exhibit the eggs as taken from the uterine tube, and on slide No. 3, near some of the eggs, are to be seen some spermatic filaments. Alternate generation is the term applied to the various transformations these entozoa undergo in the course of their full development. There is a missing link in some of the stages, but sufficient is known for a thorough comprehension of the subject. The eggs being formed by the elaborate and beautiful reproductive system above described, escape from the uterus one ata time, and when perfectly mature the operculum is pushed off by the energetic action of the ciliated embryos within. An examination of slide No. 3, will show embryos (unfortunately not sufficiently advanced to exhibit cilia) amongst the extruded vitellus. In some cases these embryos make their escape whilst the egg is within the uterus, but more frequently they escape whilst the egg lies on the marshy or moist pastures. According to Siebold the development of the ege is as follows :—“ After the disappearance of the ger- minative vesicle, large transparent embryonic cells appear in the midst of the vitellus, which undergo fissuration. These multiply by division, increasing at the expense of the vitellus, which in the end they completely replace. When this has taken place there is a mass of extremely small cells, which being covered with a delicate epithelium having cilia, form a round or ovalembryo.” ‘The ciliated embryo can progress in moist grass or water, and, sooner or later, attaches itself to the surface of the body of some mollusk, most commonly the limneus, planorbis, or paludina, when it loses its ciliated epithelium and gains access to the interior of its host. When there the germ bud contained in the embryo developes rapidly into a non-ciliated larva, within which another family is developed. The enlarged larva is now transformed into a cyst, and is then called a “ nurse,” and its contained family develope into cercarize. These cercarie have an independent life of their own, and it is not absolutely necessary to their existence that they should enter the viscera and liver of a vertebrate, but when there, they meet their highest form of development in the mature liver entozoon. I regret much that I have not been able to prepare specimens of the cercarie, but when I do so I will forward some for inspection. Let us recapitulate these powers of reproduction, commenc- ing with the full-grown fluke:—In each individual a vast number of eggs are matured, and each one of these eggs contains a ciliated embryo, capable, after entering a mollus- can host, of developing into a non-ciliated larva; this larva 14 undergoes further development, has a considerable progeny of its own, which escape and are known as cercarie ; here follows under certain conditions, a separate existence not fully traced out, but each cercariz can enter the viscera of a vertebrate, when, in the liver, it attains its final development in the full grown and sexually mature fluke. Let preparation No. 2 (in which only a portion of the uterus is shown) be examined under the microscope, and the number, and dense packing of the eggs be observed, we shall then be astounded at the capabilities of increase made manifest, and no longer wonder at the rapid spread of this parasite. : From this knowledge of the reproduction of the fluke, we may fairly deduce the following conclusions :— First. That the immediate progeny of the Fasciola is innocuous to vertebrates, for certain metamorphoses or alter- nations of generation must be passed through before it can develope into the mature. animal. Second. That the eggs (being provided with a hard shell) - having passed out of the Fasciola, may be blown about the country and not develope until they meet with favorable con- ditions. Third. That an estate may have the reputation of being per- fectly free from fluke and yet the germs may be there in myriads, ready to develope when favourable conditions arise, may be through an overmoist season, may be through increase in molluscan life, may be through subtle influences not yet explored. Fourth. That ona comparatively dry estate, having the marshes well drained, the disease will never be very serious, unless the seasons happen to be peculiarly mild and moist. Fifth. That molluscan, or aquatic insect life is necessary to the development of the ciliated embryo, but it is not known how long this embryo can live without moisture; yet it has been proved that infusorial life generally will bear extreme dessication and yet survive. Sixth. That the offspring of flukey sheep are not borndiseased; but in consequence of the systems of the parents being dis- ordered, the offspring may be more predisposed to attacks of the worm, than those born of healthy sheep. It is stated in a report on fluke, which recently appeared in the newspapers, that “‘ when once a sheep becomes the host of flukes it is doomed, as the parasite will continue in the liver ducts until the life of the animal be exhausted.” This does not appear to be the fact, for I have it not only on the author- ity of Cobbold, that the entozoon after entering the liver ducts, passes into the biliary outlet, thence into the intestinal canal, and is so expelled ; but also from the observation of practical es, flock owners, that when sheep not ‘ badly flukey’ are brought into dry healthy pastures they get round again. And it is also known, that the eges are not, in most cases, expelled from the uterus until the fluke has passed from its host. Now this knowledge, removes, in some measure, the gloom from the terrible picture of the disease and its results portrayed in the report. The conclusion is almost beyond controversy, namely, given healthy, well-drained pastures and the fluke will dis- appear in a great degree; although the germs of the disease will always be there ready to spread in any flocks that may be exposed to attack by being placed in conditions favorable to their development. Good drainage and occasional salt diet appear to be the only remedies known at present ; but it is quite possible that cer- tain breeds or crosses may, from having more vigorous systems and better digestive powers, withstand the entrance of the parasite into the tissues better than others. Perhaps, I may be pardoned if, before concluding, I pass from the scientific side of the subject to the consideration rapidly and curtly, of its politico-economic relations. The disease and its causes has been well known for the last century. Its internal microscopic structure has certainly, only comparatively recently been elucidated, but all that which re- lates to its dire effects on sheep, that which tends to irritate or to subdue its prevalence, has been intimate knowledge for along time. Turning to the first edition of Cuvier, published in 1817, I find, under Les Trematodes, the following :— “La plus celebre est la douve due foie (Hasciola hepatica, Linn), qui est si commune dane les vaisseaux hépatiques des moutons, mais quise trouve aussi dans ceux de beaucoup d’autres ruminans, du cochon, du cheval, et méme de homme. “La douve des moutons se multiplie beaucoup, quand ils paissent dans des terrains humides, et leur occasionne Vhydropisie et la mort.” . It is very evident, then, that the disease and causes of its aggravation have been known amongst sheep farmers for a long time. A sheep farmer, understanding his business, must have known well enough that, in taking up his flocks to the marshy lands of the Lake district he was taking them to certain disease ; and without the slightest precaution, bring- ing them down to winter in the warmer country below, was taking as certain means to spread that disease. It may be presumed that some sheep farmers desirous of larger gains, have carried more sheep than their cultivated estates would bear in summer, and that during those months they sent them to depasture on lands utterly unprepared by drainage for their reception. The result was inevitable ; for a time greater profits 16 accrued, but a swift and dire Nemesis overtook those who offended against experience and reason, unfortunately, in many cases, causing the innocent alike to suffer with the culpable. I should not have thought of making these remarks if it were not that it has been proposed to render Government assistance in draining and firing the lands of flockmasters. I venture the opinion, in all deference, that it would be highly improper to render any such aid. The spread of the disease, for the germs are everywhere, has been caused through the cupidity or ignorance of flockmasters. Is it right that the public should pay because they are now suffering the consequences ? It is no new thing, no sudden and hitherto unknown visitation, but, on the contrary, we know well its cause, and, therefore, the means of its alleviation. As soon would we think to live unsheltered in the fen country and escape ague, as to keep sheep on marshy grounds and expect them to escape the fluke. It would be more in accordance with the dictates of political economy to let matters take their course until flockowners found it to be to their interest to study the sheep, its food, and requirements, with the same attention as they would any other animal from which profit is expected. There are times, perhaps, when for the general benefit, a government may resort to special measures, but in such case, whatever pecuniary outlay may be thought requisite should be met by a special tax on those who have caused the evil, either by their avarice, ignorance, or carelessness, and not on the public, who have obtained no benefits but rather absolute harm, the result of mismanaged property, which, although private, should not be used to the general disadvantage with impunity. 17 REMARKS ON THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF PART OF THE NORTH COAST OF TASMANIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE TERTIARY MARINE BEDS NEAR TABLE CAPE. Ooua==- By T. SrepHens, M.A. Tue interesting collection of rocks and fossils recently presented to the Museum by Mr. Hainsworth, of Table Cape, calls for something more than a passing notice, and the occasion suggests a brief consideration of the succession of strata exhibited by the coast section from the Tamar to Circular Head. Between the Tamar and Port Sorell, the Primary rocks are extensively developed. They consist chiefly of slates, schists, limestones, quartzite,and conglomerates,with ageneral strike to the N.N.W., and they are to be seen continually recurring with anticlinal and synclinal undulations along the whole line of coast from Badger Head almost to Cape Grim. So little is known of the palzeontology of these rocks, that it is impossible to do more than hazard a conjecture as to their relative position or age; but they comprise representatives of rocks which show themselves near the Grampians in Western Victoria forming possibly the base of the Lower Silurian series or even of still older date, and they certainly range in an upward direction as high as Upper Silurian. Slight traces of gold have been found at various points, but there is a singular absence of the dykes and veins of true quartz, and other features which characterise the auriferous slatesof similarage in other countries. Still, the absence of all trustworthy indica- tions of the presence of gold in paying quantities has not deterred the “ practical digger ’’ from wasting his money and time in prospecting such localities as the head of Middle Arm on the Tamar, and even more unpromising spots. Very rich red and brown hematites, with other ores of iron, are met with at various points, and notably on the west bank of the Tamar, where they have been fully investigated and reported on by Mr. Gould. Thin veins of galena associated with sulphurets of copper and iron, and carbonates of copper, occur near the Leven, and though the surface indications in that particular locality are not encouraging, they may some day be found further inland developed in valuable lodes. Resting unconformably on these Primary rocks and usually occupying the ancient valleys formed by their elevation are sandstones and shales containing thin seams of excellent coal. They are associated with calcareous beds containing Spirifera 18 Pachydomus and Producta in great abundance, with many other well-known Upper Paleozoic fossils. The resiniferous shale or dysodile of the Mersey, has also been proved by Mr. Gould to belong to this series. These coal mea- sures have not yet been recognised as existing West of the Leven, having probably been removed by denudation. They may, however, be met with as the settlement of the land ad- vances southwards from the coast. The horizontally bedded conglomerates and breccias of very variable character and uncertain age which occur at intervals between Port Sorell and Table Cape appear to come next in geological order, but may belong to the last named series of rocks. They have occasionally been tilted and broken by intrusions of basalt, and perhaps of trap also, but this is less certain. They are chiefly composed of rolled pebbles and angular fragments of the Primary rocks and the plutonic rocks associated with them, and are usually held together by a strong silicious cement. At the mouth ofthe Inglis this formation is especially interesting. Large angular blocks of granite and porphyry, the former sometimes weighing several tons, together with rolled pebbles of many of the Primary rocks, are here seen embedded in a fine grained mudstone; this being evidently derived from the denudation of some of the softer slates, and deposited as mud on the margin or in the bed of some ancient river or estuary, which occupied a basin with nearly the same principal boundaries as the modern Inglis. These massive blocks of granite and other rocks which are not now found in sitw within several miles of their present position, I consider to furnish more conclusive evidence of glacial agency in the geological history of Tasmania than I have met with elsewhere, and they strongly corroborate the testimony afforded by the seemingly erratic boulders which occur at various points in the basin ofthe South Hsk. The age of this conglomerate is doubtful. It underlies unconform- ably the Tertiary freestone, which has been determined by Professor M‘Coy to be of Miocene age, and it contains boulders derived from rocks which are certainly not older than the Lower Carboniferous or Devonian period. In the mudstone which forms the matrix of the transported boulders no fossils have yet been discovered, and the chance of finding them is occasionally lessened by the jointing and rude cleavage which sometimes traverses even the hard pebbles of chert, quartzite, &c., contained in it, and almost entirely destroys the traces of original bedding. It is right to mention that some detached portions of conglomerate, apparently belonging to the formation which I am now describing, have some of the peculiar characteristics of the conglomerate which belongs to 19 the Primary series; but they cannot be separated from the more recent formation without stronger evidence thancan be ob- tained by the passing traveller. Among the rolled pebbles which line portions of the beach. near Table Cape, and have been derived from the disintegra- tion of the conglomerates now under consideration, there have been found from time to time fragments of a hard com- pact shale, varying in colour from dark brown to dull black, and so closely resembling the so-called ‘“ kerosene shale” of Hartley in New South Wales, both in appearance,and behaviour under the simple tests to which I have subjected it, that they may be considered identical. Two specimens exhibiting the chief varieties, have been forwarded by Mr. Hainsworth, who rightly estimates the important results that would follow from the discovery of the original home of this shale, and has already devoted much of his leisure time to the exploration of the surrounding country in search of it, though hitherto without success. The entire absence of all the members of the Carboniferous series from which these waifs might have been derived is an adverse circumstance, and the occurrence of a single specimen would have attracted no attention. But the great difference between this shale and all the varieties of Tertiary lignite, which are common enough in Tasmania, and the discovery at different points of several specimens all iden- tical in character, force us to the conclusion that it is of pre- Tertiary age, and that portions of the series from which it has come, though removed by denudation near the coast line, will one day be found at no great distance inland. The extraor- dinary toughness of the shale is worth noting. It is easily seen that it would long resist the destructiveagencies which have played so important a part in the geological history of this and other countries, and might remain unaltered long after the accompanying sandstones had been ground down and _borne away to fill the hollows of adjacent seas.* I come now to the formation from which the interesting series of fossils now before us has been obtained. It varies in character from a breccia of coarse sand and broken shells to a fine-grained whitish sandstone, which has been used in * The subjoined report of an assay of this shale by Mr. Cosmo Newbery, of Victoria, has since been furnished by Mr. Hainsworth :— KEROSENE MINERAL FROM NORTH COAST OF TASMANTA. Burns freely with a yellow smoky flame, leaving a dark reddish brown ash. Contains iron pyrites. When heated in a closed vessel it melts, forming a fragile coke. A sample dried at 212° F. gives the following results :— Water driven off at 230° F. a Be Be me 1.59 Volatile matter ar - re ae ae Pes 67.36 Fixed Carbon es Ee oe ar ae ae 25.83 Ash ars a “ ae Ph a ws me 5.22 100.00 20 the district for building purposes. It has been recognised at various points within a radius of five or six miles from the mouth of the river, and in some places shows a pre- cipitous face of nearly 100 feet above high water mark. Although there is no section visible showing the actual contact between these beds and the basalt, which occupies a large extent of the adjacent country, there is no reason to doubt their priority to it; indeed, Mr. Hainsworth has informed me of an instance where basalt is found capping a small isolated hill which I know to have been formed by de- nudation, and which the basalt could only have reached by flowing in a lava-like sheet froma higher adjacent summit before the denudation had commenced. It is, however, quite possible that the fossiliferous strata represent two distinct periods, and that a portion of those which appear to abut against the basalt without the slightest alteration in character or position, may one day prove to be of more recent date. The Museum already contains a series of these Tertiary fossils, presented by different donors, but it is surpassed both in extentand variety by the collection now before us. The specimens are for the most part tolerably perfect, but some of the more delicate shells were so injured by pressure upon the decomposing matrix in which they were embedded that they could not be cleaned for purposes of identification, and had to be preserved in their rough state. The collection contains upwards of sixty species of Mollusca, representing the follow- ing genera :—Strombus, Typhis, Fasciolaria, Cancellaria, Cassis, Fusus, Ancillaria, Conus, Pleurotomaria, Voluta, Mitra, Cyprea, Trivia, Natica, Potamides, Turritella, Siliquaria, Littorina, Trochus, Dentaliwm, Terebratula, Waldhevmia, Rhynchonella (7), Ostrea, Pecten, Lima, Spondylus, Modiola, Arca, Limopsis, Cucullea, Pectunculus, Trigonia, Chama, Cardium, Lucia, Cyprina, Cardita, Venus, Venerupis, Crassatella, Tellina, Pholadomya, Corbula, with a few others which I have not been able to identify. The Hchinida are represented by species of Cidaris and Spatangus, and there are also two or three species of corals. Among tke shells which are now extinct one of the most noticeable is “ Trigonia semiundulata;’ (M’Coy). This shell has not been found elsewhere in Tasmania, but I have seen it in similar formations on the shores of Port Phillip. It is worthy of remark that the recent Zrigonia, of which we have two representatives, has not been found at all in the Table Cape beds. There is alsoa good specimen of a Cypreea, which is found nowhere else in Tasmania, and seems to be inter- mediate between C. eximia andthe recent C. wmbilicata, both of which are here found as Tertiary fossils. The collection 21 includes a species of Zerebratula,a Trochus, and a small Voluta, which I have not seen before. There is further evidence afforded by leaf impressions in the sandstone, and fragments of lignite, to connect these beds | very closely in geological age with the extensive Tertiary formation in and around Launceston, and on both banks of the Tamar, which I have also ascertained to be anterior to the great outflow of basalt, which extends from near Kerry Lodge to Evandale and the North Esk. They are also thus allied to the freshwater limestone which was formerly quarried in the outskirts of Hobart Town, and that which is still worked on the opposite side of the Derwent. These were described by Strzelecki many years ago, as the highest formation in geological sequence in Tasmania, and his des- cription still holds good, the post-tertiary and alluvial deposits which are common in the basins of modern rivers, and on the existing coast-line, being of course excepted. The igneous rocks of Table Cape, specimens of which have also been presented by Mr. Hainsworth, are exceedingly in- teresting, but can only receive a passing notice here. They present every variety from pumice-like scorie to fine- grained crystalline diorite, but may be classed under two distinct heads,—basalt and trap. The age of the latter and its exact relations to the sedimentary rocks it is not easy to fix, but a reference to a geological chart of the locality, prepared nearly ten years ago, when I was accidentally detained for two days in the neighbourhood, confirms the theory which I have latterly held of its being more recent than the conglomerate last described. It forms the projecting headland of Table Cape, and rises with a nearly vertical seaward face to a height of 583 feet. It is undoubtedly older than the Tertiary strata, and probably afforded a shelter under the lee of which they were quietly deposited during a long series of years ; where, too, they rested undisturbed until the period of the tremendous eruption of basalt, which, breaking through the previously weakened crust at many points simultaneously, elevated a great portion of the land to its present level, and may be said to have closed the geological history of the North Coast. 22 METEOROLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL ABSTRACT FOR THE AUTUMN QUARTER, 1869. OBSERVATORY, Honart Town. Max. and| 5 x Mean in Shade. Min. |-5 3S Wind. Rain. | ¢ zs in Shade |] & wy 36 Vv n SaiWer ee Sat Zo 2 Fee oe s|e 5.0 Mh cot - >= ron @] 2 > = 4 Slo. Pu Months.|¢ 29 .|.2 18.18 je~S! oe | od | Sou bt O wo SB OuUul)ay os =O 9 HO *1° G EL on BS, SoS Geel EIE-s/O Gg 4) & Prevailin AlES|a Bl Eom ooe/sdl Ean s| oe : 8 z Jnl SIS S Sb ols Bul kuleul Am! eS | Currents. o |5|_S\s & & gs esissea (2% = |sleelse S S - a 3 : 7|.0 O1A a = aa = Inches. eQ C Qe ° Q tbs. To ain March..! 29’916 | 59°65 |72°5|48°5| 103°16] 46°98 | N.W., S.E. | 41°10 9/158) 3°75 April ..| 30’019 | 56°46 |66°0/47°0| 88°93] 45°33] N.W., S.E. | 40°95] 2|0°50] 1.76 May ..| 297983 | 49°94 |58°0|43°0] 75°37| 40°44] N.W.,S.E. | 9°36/14/3°07| xz ee le ee eed Mean..| 29'972 | 55°35 |65°5|46°r| 89°15] 44°25| N.W.S.E. 30°47)25 5°15| 6°62 The Mean in all cases is taken from the sums of the three daily registers, and not from the maximum and minimum. The direction of the wind is registered from currents moving at a height of 192 feet, and the force according to Lind’s Wind Guage. The supposition, however, of an uniform velocity during the month is a very arbitrary one, and the results can be considered only approximately correct. The relations of the quantities of rain which fell under the different winds are registered each evening at sundown. The twenty-five years’ standard tables are used for obtaining the difference from the average. FRANCIS ABBOTT, Private Observatory. Leafing, Flowering, and Fruiting of a few Standard Plants im the Royal Society’s Gardens, for the Autumn Quarter 1869. March 12.—Tips of Hornbean commencing te turn yellow. 35. 12.—Coe’s Golden Drop Plum ripe. 5, 15.—Seckle Pear commencing to ripen. 5» L7%.—Tips of Elm commencing to turn yellow. >, 22,—Horsechestnut leaves turning brown. 5, 26.—Ash leaves commencing to fall. 55 28.—Oak ditto. April 8.—Coe’s Late Red Plum commencing to ripen 10.—Chinese Chrysanthemum commencing to flower. 14.-- Elm leaves commencing to fall. 5, 22.—Mountain Ash leaves ditto. 28.—Black Mulberry ditto 5, 00.—Seeds of Hornbean ripe. May 8.—First Medlar ripe. 18.—Coronilla glauca commencing to flower. 3, 20.—Photinia serrulata ditto. 24.—Diosma alba ditto. 1, 20.—Spirea prunifolia flora pl. ditto ,5, 26.—Ailanthus gladulosus leaves all shed. Note.—The Hornbeam was three, Coe’s Golden Drop Plum twelve, Horse- chestnut three, Oak two, Mulberry two, Medlar two, and Photinia ten days earlier this year than last. Coe’s Late Red Plum was seven, Elm two, and Ailanthus two days later. The time of the remainder was the same as last year. 23 ROYAL SOCIETY. —_——_4———_- JUNE, 1869. The monthly evening meeting of the Fellows was held on Tuesday, 8th June ; T. Giblin, Esq., in the chair. : Mrs. R. Walker, who had been previously nominated by the Council, was, after a ballot, declared duly elected as a member of the Society. The Secretary, Dr. Agnew, laid on the table the usual returns for the past month, viz.,— . Visitors to Museum, 596. . Ditto to Gardens, 1009. . Plants. &c., sent from Gardens. . Time of leafing, flowering, &c., of a few standard plants in Botanic Gardens. . Books and Periodicals received. . Presentations to Museum. teorological Returns. . Hobart Town, from F. Abbott, Esq., table and summary for May. . Port Arthur, from J. Boyd, Esq., table for April. Swansea, from Dr. Story, tables for March and April. . Melbourne, from R. L. Ellery, Esq., table for April. . New Zealand, from the Government, tables for March. . Brisbane, from Queensland Government, tables for March and April. . Sydney, from G. R. Smalley, Esq., tables for February and March. . Westbury, from C. Belstead, Esq., table for May. Also the following reports from the Government of Victoria :— 1. Report of Mining Surveyors and Registrars, Victoria, for quarter ending 81st March, 1869. 2. Report of Registrar-General, Melbourne (Vital Statistics), for quar- ters ending 3lst December, 1868, and 31st March, 1869. Registration of imported live stock for same period. The presentations were as follows :— 1. From J. Hull, Esq. A Falcon (Falco melanogenys). 2. From J. Maclaine, Esq., Clarke’s Island, per Mr. M. Allport. An Avocet (Recurvirostris rubricollis). 3. From Mr. R. Ransome, Southport, yer T. Stephens, Esq. A speci- 4 ON em OO bh Me Dd CONT OD Or CO DO men of Felspar Porphyry, and the Ear-bone of a Whale. . From the Seymour Coal Company. Slab of Shale with numerous plant impressions, from Seymour Mines. A specimen of Coal from West Wanganui Inlet, New Zealand. . From Mrs. Stagg. Hight Limestone Fossils (Tasmanian). . From P. Ferguson, Esq,, of the Ceylon Observer, per Mr. Langley, A Letter of the Chetty Merchants (Tamils) of Southern India and Ceylon, with an explanatory note. 7. From Mrs. Ransly. A Lizard with double tail. 8. From Mr. 8. H. Wintle. Seventeen named specimens of Tasmanian Coleoptera, with note. 9. From J. Maclanachan, Esq. A Pheasant (a cross between English and Chinese breeds). 10. From R. L. Holmes, Esq. Transactions and Proceedings of New Zealand Institute, vol. 1. 11. From W, A. B. Gellibrand, Esq. Seventy-nine Photographs of Machinery in the Leeds Exhibition. [These Photographs were presented to the donor by H. Denny, Esq., Secretary of the Leeds Literary and Philosophical Institution. ] o> Or 24 Mr. M. Allport wished to take the present opportunity of remarking that he had recently seen in the Student, for December, 1868, a paper on the Salpx, which confirmed him in the opinion he had hazarded at the last meeting in reference to the occurrence of a small Crustacean in the empty case of one of these animals. . Mr. Barnard laid upon the table a small specimen of fine crystal Sugar, manufactured from Beet-root, whith had been taken from a sample of 28 ibs. exhibited at the late Agricultural Show held in Sydney, and read a paper upon the subject. The Chairman remarked that he thought the thanks of the society were justly due to Mr. Barnard for bringing the matter before the meeting. He was certain it would be of great importance to the colony if the manu- facture of beet sugar could be introduced, although at first perhaps only on asmall scale, and by private individuals with simple apparatus, as described in the paper just read. In former years he had considerable experience in the growth of beet root, and was satisfied that this climate was peculiarly favorable for it. He could not indeed imagine why it was not more extensively cultivated, as it was a hardy plant, easily managed, and superior in almost every respect as a nutritive root crop to the mangold wurtzel. The produce of the two he thought would be about equal in weight, as the beet could be planted much closer than the mangold. Mr. Morton Allport moved a vote of thanks to Mr. Barnard for his interesting paper, expressing his opinion that it was a pity gentlemen who had left the colony, and who had an opportunity of observing what was doing in other colonies, did not take some interest in the matter, as Mr. Barnard was doing, and forward reliable information upon the sub- ject. ‘There could be no doubt it would be to the advantage of the colony. In reference to the subject, Mr. Napier recollected that some time ago a quantity of sugar from Svdney was placed in this market, but as it was somewhat peculiar in appearance, it did not command a ready sale; when tried, however, it was found to be so excellent for jams and general house- hold use that it was all quickly bought up. Subsequently it was found that the sugar originally came from France, and was made from the beet root. He had great pleasure in seconding Mr. Allport’s motion. Mr. Davies was sorry more attention was not paid to the manufacture of sugar. It only required a little energy. Ifit could not be undertaken in the large and profitable manner recommended in the pamphlet issued by Government, it ought at least to be tried by means of the simple and inexpensive process seen by Mr. Barnard in action near Sydney. If this was seen to succeed in a single instance, no doubt many would engage in the process, and in time it might become a matter of considerable national importance. Mr. Troup (D.A.C.G.), had seen the beet sugar largely produced in Germany, but doubted if in this island it could be manufactured to com- pete with sea-borne sugar, which was brought so cheaply to our doors. In America the Maple sugar could only be made profitably in the inland region, far from sea carriage. In the event of its being tried, however, he would recommend that the greatest possible care should be taken to procure the best seed, as it was found that the quantity of sugar in the beet varied very greatly according to the sample of seed. The Secretary remarked that the important point to be determined was the price per pound at which the sugar could be produced by the simple process just described, and suggested that Mr. Barnard would be kind enough to procure from his friend precise information on this point. In reference to the value of beet sugar, in comparison with that of the imported, it was to be recollected that the refuse from the manufacture formed excellent food for cattle, &c., and being always saleable would be a set off in favor of the farmer. 20 Mr. Barnard expressed his great willingness to obtain the required information, if possible in time to lay before the next meeting. Further discussion ensuing, the general feeling of the Fellows present appeared to be if the manufacture of the sugar could once be instituted, that the example would generally be followed. In order to promote this object, it was resolved that the Society should suggest to Government the propriety of offering a bonus for the first sample of a certain quantity, say 56lbs., of sugar produced in Tasmania from the beet. As it was understood that some plants could be obtained from Mr. R. Walker, it was suggested that the experiment might be tried on a small scale at the Society’s Gardens, if the very inadequate amount of labour available there would admit of it. The Secretary having promised to see the Superintendent of the Gardens on the subject, the vote of thanks to Mr. Barnard, and to the donors of presentations, was accorded, and the meeting terminated. 26 JULY, 1869. The monthly evening meeting of the Fellows was held on Tuesday, the 13th July; J. Barnard, Esq., in the chair. L. R. Castray, Esq., A.C.G., and G. Mace, Esq., who had previously been put in nomination, were, after a ballot, declared duly elected as Fellows of the Society. The Secretary, Dr. Agnew, laid on the table the usual ‘monthly returns, Viz.,— 1. Visitors to Museum, June, 1832. 2. Visitors to Gardens, June, 803. 3. Plants, &c., received at Gardens. From A. Verschaffelt, Ghent, Belgium, 106 varieties of fruit trees, of which 48 arrived alive, 15 doubtful, and43 dead. From Mr. G. Brunning, St. Kilda, 60 plants. From Mr. J. Harris, South Yarra, 47 plants. From Mel- bourne Botanic Gardens, 29 plants. . Plants supplied from Gardens. To Mr. Brunning, 54 plants, 12 packets seeds. . For Burial Ground, Cascade Invalid Depot, 40 cypress plants. . Time of leafing, flowering, and fruiting, of a few standard plants in Botanic Gardens. . Books and Periodicals received. . Presentations to Museum. teorological Returns— Hobart Town, from F. Abbott, Esq., table and summary for June. . Port Arthur, from J. Boyd, Esq., table for June. . Swansea, from Dr. Story, table for May. . Westbury, from F. Belstead, Esq., table for June. . Melbourne, from R.J. Ellery, Esq., table for May. . Sydney, from G. R. Smalley, Esq., table for April. : at Zealand, from Dr. Hector, ditto ditto, and report on meteorology or 1868. 8. Brisbane, from E. MacDonnell, Esq., table for May. The Secretary read a letter of thanks from Professor Newton, of Mag- dalen College, Cambridge, for specimens of natural history, and publica- tions forwarded by the Society in December last to the Museum and Library of that institution. Also one from the Secretary of the Anthropological Society of London for a complete set of the transactions of this Society, presented by order of the Council. The presentations were as follows :— 1. From Dr. Bennett, a crab, from Sandy Bay. 2. From Mr. J. Young, Howrah, eight specimens of Crustaceans (four Crabs and four Prawns), from Kangaroo Point. [These Prawns have lately been taken in considerable numbers from the mouths of rock cod (Gadus sp.) caught in the Derwent, and it is somewhat remarkable that they have not hitherto been found inany other situation. ] 3. From Mr. J. Townsend, specimens of Calcareous incrustation round roots of trees, from Sandy Beach at Pittwater. 4. From Mr. W. Johnston, a large seed of tree said to have been taken from the stomach of a Barracouta. Four Coins and one Brass Token. . From Mr. Whitely. Silver Coin, value 10 cents, Netherlands, 1849. . From Mr. 8S. H. Wintle. Specimen of Cleithelepis, from New South Wales, discovered by the Rev. W. B. Clarke. A Mineral speci- men from a vein in the Mudstone, Huon Road. 7. From Mr. H. Hull. A Malay Kris. Met ST Ss: Sr cs bo ES. COonr DN i ona 27 8. From L. R. Castray, Esq., A.C.G. A letter written in the New Zealand language, with translation. [This letter, addressed by one native to another, was picked up near Taranaki. | Six specimens of Woods from Madagascar, with Botanical, French, and Native names attached. — The attention of the meeting was directed to presentations of books fo the table, from the Royal Geographical Society, Royal Asiatic Society, Linnean Society, Geological Society, Zoological Society of London, and Royal Institution of Great Britain. Mr. Barnard read a paper on the Esparto grass, supplementary to his former observations on the same. From information referred to in the paper, it was evident that the cultivation of the grass could not be at- tempted in the colony with any chance of success. After some discussion of a conversational character, votes of thanks were accorded to Mr. Barnard, and the donors of presentations, and the meet- ing terminated. 28 AUGUST, 1869. The usual evening meeting of Fellows was held on Tuesday, 10th August, J. Barnard, Esq., in the chair. The Secretary, Dr. Agnew, laid on the table the usual returns for the past month, viz. By Visitors to Mibisexans 707. Sh ee ot He CO bo Mete nm Oe wb . Ditto te Gardens, 1251. . Plants and seeds sent from, and received at, Gardens. . Times of leafling, flowering, and fruiting of a few standard plants in Botanic Gardens. . Books and Periodicals received. . Presentations to Museum and Library. teorological Returns. . Hobart Town, from F. Abbott, Esq., table and summary for J uly. . Westbury, from F. Belstead, Esq., table for J nly. . Port Arthur, from J. Boyd, Esq., table for J uly. . Melbourne, from R. J. Ellery, Esq., table for June. Sydney, from G R. Smalley, Esq., table for May. New Zealand, from Dr. Hector, table for May. . Perth, Western Australia, from W. H. Knight, Esq., table for June. The presentations were as follows :— _ bo (vs) . From F. Aubin, Esq., a Sun Fish (Orthagoriscus sp.), washed on shore at Spring Bay. . From Mr. W. J. Thomas, a large specimen of “ Native Bread” (Mylitta Australis) ploughed up at Bellerive. [This specimen weighed 211b. 10oz. ] . From Mr. J. Rossitor, specimens of the Maori Hen of New Zealand. An English Partridge. Three Bones of Foot of Moa (Dinornis sp.) . From Mr. H. Hull, three Small Fish from Derwent. . From H. Bilton, Esq., Glenorchy, double Head of Calf. [This specimen has two perfect mouths, and four eyes, but only one pair of ears. he Calf from which it was taken lived three days, and the cow which produced it had one on a former occasion with three legs. | t From Dr. Cox, of Sydney, a large number of Shells. . From Mr. J. Jones, a smali Turtle from Lady Elliott’s Island. . From J. Barnard, Esq.,a package of Seed of Sugar-beet for distri- bution. . From the Institution of Engineers in England, a complete Set of the Transactions of the Institution, in eleven volumes. . Specimens of new species of Helix (Helix Allporti. Cox.) . From Mr. Roblin, a Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus xanthonotus). . From Mr. Gates, Jerusalem, ditto. . From Miss 8. A. Manley, four specimens of Chamostrea, from Carlton Beach. . From Miss 8S. P. Edwards, eleven copper Coins and Tokens. . From J. A. Youl, Seventh Annual Report of Inspectors of Salmon Fisheries, England and Wales. . From Rev. R. E. Dear, specimens of laminated quartz and iron ore, a number of flint implements of the Aborigines, collected by Mr. Rollings, of Forcett. . From J. Barnard, Esq., specimens Cinnabar Ore, from the Cudgegong, New south Wales. The Secretary announced that it had been decided by the Council to hold the annual microscopical meeting on Tuesday, the 16th November, when it was hoped that every Fellow possessing an instrument would take part in the exhibition ; and, in the meantime, endeavour to procure 29 new and suitable objects, so as to render the meeting as attractive as possible. Mr. Barnard read some notes on the cultivation of the Sugar Beet, sup- plementary to a former communication on the same same subject, and took the opportunity of presenting a package of the seed for distribution ; also, a small tract on ‘The Sugar Beet, its importance, cultivation, and man- agement,” by Jules Joubert, Secretary to the Agricultural Society of New South Wales. Mr. Davies suggested that a portion of the seed should be sent to Dr. Coverdale, who he believed was now giving the growth of Beet a fair trial on the farm of the Queen’s Orphan Asylum. As Dr. Coverdale was now making use of seed sent from Europe by Mr. John Walker, he would thus be enabled to institute a comparison between the seeds. Mr. Morton Allport called the attention of the Fellows to an interesting scientific fact, connected with the Salmon experiment, viz., that the few pairs of Salmon trout (Salmo trutta) which were retained in a freshwater pond, purposely prepared forthem, had deposited spawn in which the embryo fish were now distinctly visible. The parent fish were hatched in May, 1866, and are therefore nearly four years old, their weights varying from three-quarters of a pound to one pound and a half. Mr. Stephens, in bringing under the notice of the Fellows an apparatus for applying sulphur to plants, by means of a common pair of bellows, in a thorough and economical manner, observed that the use of sulphur was now largely adopted in Madeira, where it had quite cured the discase in the vine (Ocdiwm/) which had been so destructive of late years. Sulphur thus applied would in fact destroy all vegetable blight, which was of a fungoid character (as was the case with the Ocdiwm), and would no doubt be efficacious against the fire blight, which for some years had been so prevalent among the apple trees. [The instrument, which is very simple in construction, and could readily be made by any tin-smith, will be ex- hibited for some time in the Museum. | Mr. F. Abbott read a paper on Nobert’s test lines, Moller’s Diatom Type Slide, and recent improvements in the construction of Microscopes; which was listened to with much attention. Mr. Abbott intimated that he in- tended exhibiting some new Micrometers, and other novel objects of in- terest on the evening of the Microscopical meeting. Mr. Davies thought the thanks of the Society were specially due to Mr. Barnard, for the manner in which he had, on more than one occasion, brought the subject of Sugar Beet cultivation under notice, and begged to move accordingly. Mr. Buckland seconded the motion, which was carried, and the usual vote of thanks having been given to Mr. Abbott, for hisinteresting paper, and to the donors of presentations, the meeting broke up. 30 THE MANUFACTURE OF BEET SUGAR IN NEW SOUTH WALES. ——— (7) ——— By James BaArnarp. During my recent visit to New Sonth Wales I bore in mind my connection with the Royal Society of Tasmania, with a view, if possible, to be useful to its interests upon my return, by bringing under notice any important facts that seemed to me to claim its attention. Accordingly, I lay upon the table a Catalogue of the Inter- colonial Exhibition for 1869 of the Agricultural Society of New South Wales, representing the efforts of industry in the various departments of science and art, in addition to the more immediate results of the Society in the application of skill, energy, and capital, to pastoral and farming pursuits. The exhibits were 1708 in number, and none to my mind possessed more attraction than the sample of sugar, 28lbs. weight, manufactured from beet at Summer Hill, near Bathurst. I was courteously favoured with a specimen, which I placed in a phial; and although from the extreme smallness of the quantity it is scarcely worthy of presentation to the Society, still I thought, as coming from the first exhibition of the kind in New South Wales, and as a means of identity to those unacquainted with its quality, it might not prove altogether unacceptable. Other considerations contributed to fix my interest upon this subject. One was, that the advantages of the growth and manufacture of beet root sugar in Tasmania had been recognised both by the Legislature and the Government, and had led to the wide circulation ofa valuable pamphlet through- out the colony in recommendation of this industry. Another circumstance was, that while staying up in the interior I met a gentleman, possessing a large establishment, who informed me that he grew the beet and manufactured sugar sufficient for his own domestic consumption; and he described to me his modus operandi pretty well in the follow- ing terms, v1z :— “‘ Sow the beet in soil of medium quality ; transplant in rows eighteen inches apart, and twelve inches distant; wash the beet carefully, scraping off all dirt, and remove the heads. Cut up, and press out juice thoroughly, which boil in a copper ; then add lime, dredged in until all acidity is removed, as per test paper. Continue to boil until it draws out to a thread ; then stop. Take a beurette or funnel to a pin’s head point, with a false bottom, perforated. Then place animal charcoal ol (shin bone of beef) on the false bottom or shelf within the beurette, and pour the syrup over the charcoal, which is to be beaten up fine, letting it drain through the funnel-head, this will be molasses, the grains of sugar being left on the surface of the charcoal, which scrape off. Then, to dry the sugar, put it intoa pan, and place in “ water-jacket” ; 2.¢., a square iron box, double, a space of two inches for water on each of three sides; the fourth is the door to one shelf in the middle, and the bottom forming another, on which shelves the sugar is placed, being completed by a closed door. Make a fire of vegetable charcoal on bed of sand, placing in the hot water. Place the “water-jacket” upon it until the sugar is dried. There is a valve on the top for escape of moisture. The object is equal temperature. Thus, sand, charcoal, water, shelves, sugar.” It had been my first intention to try this experiment myself on a small scale before submitting any communication to the Royal Society ; but deferring to the suggestion made to me at a meeting of the Council this afternoon, I at once lay the process before the Society for trial, to enable any one willing to test it. I will only add, in conclusion, that the Agricultural Society of New South Wales has a periodical for the publication of its transactions and correspondence; and that I had the pleasure, through a gentleman, of establishing relations between that Society and the Royal Society of Tasmania in the exchange of its papers. The first supply will, I expect, arrive by the next steamer from Sydney. 32 .THE GROWTH OF BEET-ROOT AND MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR. By James BArRnarp. Acting upon the desire expressed by the Royal Society, on the occasion of my reading a short paper on the manufacture of beet-root sugar, I have been in communication with a gen- tleman in New South Wales with a view to procure further information, and have now the honour to submit the results. Accordingly, I have the pleasure to place at the disposal of the Royal Society a small bag of the seed of the Sugar Beet, of the variety known as the White Silesian, and considered to be the best, which I have procured from Sydney ; and although the quantity is small, being only enough to sow an acre and a-half of land, it may prove sufficient for the purpose of ex- periment. Distribution of this seed should, I suggest, be made, as far as it goes, to such persons as take an interest in the subject, and who would engage to sow a patch of ground and register the results. Very valuable information is contained in a short elementary treatise, on the importance, cultivation, and management of the Sugar Beet, of which I present to the Society two copies that I received from Sydney, and suggest the desirability of its being republished in its transactions in extenso. An article in the accompanying Bathurst Free Press will also be found not without interest, as announciug the inten- tion of a gentleman in that district, Mr. J. F. Clements, the successful exhibitor of a sample of the beet sugar at the recent Intercolonial Exhibition in Sydney, to devote his best ener- gies in the prosecution of this most important industry; and I am informed that Mr. Clements has obtained the services of an experienced practical man, in order to put the matter thoroughly to the test. Connected with these efforts, I have it on*the authority of the Secretary of the Agricultural Society of New South Wales, that it is Mr. Clements’ intention to publish the full results of his operations in the journal of that Society, which will conse- quently be available to our agriculturalists in due course, as that publication is now regularly placed upon the table of the Royal Society. Among the implements and machinery shown at the exhi- bition before alluded to, in class 201, was exhibit 871 a., Youngman’s Patent American Sugar Evaporator and Refiner. The price was £47 10s., and the exhibitor was Mr. Robinson, of George-street, Sydney. It is described as “consisting of STs) defecating, evaporating, finishing pans, and filters, with fur- nace, registers, dampers, and chambers, which enable the whole operation, from the strained neutralised juice to the re- fined syrup, (in which state it is the best possible for granula- tion), to be carried out in one continuous operation, with a capacity of from 8 to 10 gallons per hour, and with a con- sumption of fuel exceedingly small.” It must be a source of satisfaction to learn that Dr. Cover- dale, the Principal of the Queen’s Asylum, has determined to initiate the cultivation of the sugar beet, and. its subsequent manufacture, at the New Town Farm ; and no better employ- ment could be given to the band of juvenile workers placed under that gentleman’s control. The same enlightened views which led to the circulation in the community of an abridgment of Baruchson’s instructive pamphlet, will, doubtless, influence the Government to give encouragement to the proposed experiment, and sanction the purchase of the requisite machinery, to be obtained at such moderate cost, for the different processes of the manufacture. A few figures here may serve to show the national impor- tance of this useful industry. It appears, then, from Mowell’s Statistics of Tasmania for 1868, that the annual consumption of sugar in this community averages about 7Olbs. per head of the entire population. This makes a total of say 7,000,000lbs., or 3500 tons yearly, and exceeds in value £100,000 sterling. Hence it is apparent that there is ample scope for the most extensive operations, and that no apprehension need be enter- tained of over-producing this article of prime necessity. Adverting now to the specific question of cost, which was put to me in reference to the adoption of this as a domestic manufacture upon a limited scale, I have not been able to pro- cure data to show this with sufficient precision ; and I appre- hend that, after all, it could only be arrived at approximately, as it would evidently vary in almost every family, according to the degree of skill and experience brought to bear in the culture of the root, and its subsequent manipulation. Comparison with the home manufacture of bread and beer, as well as with the products of the dairy, best illustrates, I think, the question—‘ Will it pay?” Many people, we know, bake their own bread, and brew their own beer, as well as make their own butter and cheese, irrespective altogether of the mere question of cost, but simply because it suits them to do so, either from living at an inconvenient distance from the usual distributors of these necessaries of life, or from the possession of the requisite means and appliances, or for other reasons. So, with regard to sugar, it might fall in with family arrangements, in some instances, to apply any available 34 domestic strength to the prosecution of this valuable industry. Taking up the inquiry, however, upon broader grounds, it may suffice to point out the fact that the beet-root contributes more than one fourth of all the sugar now used in the world, having in many European markets nearly supplanted the sugar-cane, as affording convincing proof of its being a paying industry. Hence, the conditions of success being the same, there can be no reason to doubt that, once introduced into these colonies, the extraction of sugar from beet would soon grow into a staple manufacture of the first magnitude. Much, of course, would depend upon the Legislature, in the recognition of its national importance by sanctioning only such fiscal measures in relation to the undertaking as should have the effect of imparting a direct stimulus and encourage- ment to this most important manufacture. oO NOBERT’S TEST PLATE, MOLLER’S DIATOM TYPE SLIDE, AND MODERN MICROSCOPES. By Francis Apsort, F.R.A.S., F.R.M.S. Nobert’s Test Plate, as an instrument for trial, is admira- bly adapted for comparing the quality of object-glasses, sup- plied by different makers,and every microscopist who possesses a first-class instrument naturally desires to know what it is capable of doing ; for when the power and quality of his lenses are known to him, he is convinced it would be only a waste of time to try them further. One of the most important tests that the properties of a microscope can be tried by isto clearly “resolve” the very fine lines of the frustules of the Diatomacee. The value of minute Diatomacee, is, in their surface markings, which are admirable test objects for the higher power of the microscope. This test was first made known by Messrs. Harrison and Sollitt, of Hull, but unfortunately as a standard measure, a great difference exists in the fineness of the markings in specimens of the same species obtained from different locali- ties. In the = ibs. In. | In. June ..! 29'956 | 48°82 |65'0/30'0} gro | 30'5 N.W. 27°57, 9|1°55| 1°32 July ..| 30°032 | 49°15 |62°0/33'0} 880 | 30°0 N.W. | 22°62| 9/ 1°20] 1.40 August..} 29°862 | 51°09 |72°0|34'0| 102’0 | 29'0 N.W. 65°31|13|2°35| 1°71 Mean..}| 29983 | 49°68 |66°3/32°3| 93°6 | 29°8 N.W. 38°5|31| 5°10] 4°43 The Mean in all cases is taken from the sums of the three daily registers, and not from the maximum and minimum. ' The direction of the wind is registered from currents moving at a height of 192 feet, and the force according to Lind’s Wind Guage. The supposition, however, of an uniform velocity during the month is a very arbitrary one, and the results can be considered only approximately correct. The relations of the quantities of rain which fell under the different winds are registered each evening at sundown. The twenty-five years’ standard tables are used for obtaining the difference from the average. FRANCIS ABBOTT, Private Observatory. Leafing, Flowering, and Fruiting of a few Standard Plants in the Royal Society’s Gardens, for the Winter Quarter 1869. June 10th.—Early Narcissus commencing to flower. », 12th.—Maclaura aurantiaca leaves commencing to fall. 5, 14th.—Privet leaves shedding. 5, 15th.—Snow Flake commencing to flower. 5, o0th.—Leaves of Black Mulberry all shed. July ist.—Arbutus unedo in flower. », LOth.—Garrya elliptica ditto. 5, L2th.—White Mulberry commencing to leaf. », 15th.—Almond in full flower. >, 20th.—Yellow Crocus in flower. 5, 24th.—White Hyacinth ditto. Aug. 6th.—Sambucus niger commencing to break. 3, 10th.—Common Horsechestnut ditto. 5, L5th.—Elm commencing to flower. 3, 20th.—Poplar commencing to break. », 22nd.—Apricot commencing to flower. Note.—The Privet was 4 days, Almond 2 days, Crocus 10 days, Hyacinth 7 days, Elder 6 days, Horsechestnut 5 days, Elm 11 days, Poplar 8 days, and Apricot 8 days earlier this year than last. The Maclaura aurantiaca was 2 Se Arbutus 10 days, Garrya elliptica 4 days, and White Mulberry 4 days ater. 43 ROYAL SOCIETY. ———_—_—_ SEPTEMBER, 1869. The monthly evening meeting of the Fellows was held on Tuesday, the 14th September, James Barnard, Esq., in the chair. Mr. M. Allport, in the absence of the Hon. Secretary, laid on the table the usual returns for the past month, viz. :— ds 6. (i Visitors to the Museum, 1019. 2. Ditto to Gardens, 1072. 3. Plants sent from Gardens. 4. 5. Time of leafing, flowering, and fruiting of a few standard plants at Ditto received at ditto. Gardens. Books and periodicals received. Presentations to Museum and Library. Meteorological Returns. bed “I * One of them has since been divided, and found to be hollow in the centre, . Hobart Town, from F. Abbott, Esq., table and summary for August. . Port Arthur, from J. Boyd, Esq., table for August. . Swansea, from Dr. Story, table for June and July. . Westbury, from F. Belstead, Esq., table for August. . Brisbane, Queensland, from E. McDonnell, Esq., table for July, and summary of observations for 1868. Melbourne, from R. J. Ellery, Esq., table for July. . Perth, Western Australia, from W. H. Knight, Esq., do do. The presentations were as follows :— . From Mr. Oscar Hedberg, a collection of shells from the East Coast of Tasmania. [In calling attention to this presentation, Mr. Allport remarked that many of the specimens were very excellent of their kind, and although not new to the Museum, were valu- able for the purpose of exchange. |. . From Mr. Chaplin, a mineralogical specimen from Black Brush. . From Mr. H. McRa, specimens of Lava and calcareous Tufa, also a Spirifer, from Abyssinia, near Bothwell. A stone implement of the Aborigines. . From Mr. A. H. Swift, Little Taylor’s Bay, two specimens of Iron Ore (Hematite) from Point Ventinat. . From G. Dinham, two fossil Shark’s Teeth from the Lias, near Bath, England. . From Mr. OC. A. Glover, 15 mineralogical specimens from West Coast of Tasmania. Also specimens of a fibrous plant, supposed by the donor to be a new species, from the same locality. . From Mr. G. P. Clifford, Dunedin, two Boulders (Septaria) from Moeraki Beach, New Zealand. [These boulders are found in large numbers on the beach referred to, and not elsewhere in New Zealand. They vary in size from that of a cricket ball up to seven or eight feet in diameter, are of calcareous composition, and are remarkable for the regularity of their form, which is almost pertectly spherical. When burned they make an excellent cement. * | the cavity being lined with crystals of Carbonate of Lime. 44 8. From H. Gichard, H.I.M. ship La Somme One bronze Coin, value 5 cents, one silver ditto, 50 cents. 9. From C. Heron of the same ship. Two copper Coins, Colony of Cayenne, Louis 16th, 1789, and Republic of Berne, 1796. 10. From Mr. J. Walch. A Shilling of Queen Elizabeth; a Farthing of George 2nd, 1741; a copper Coin of French Republic (L’Aun 5) ; ditto of one of the Roman Emperors, &c. 11. From Mr. F. EK. Bomford. Specimens of Fluke (Distoma sp.) from liver of a Shark. 12. From Mr. 8. H. Wintle. A Pamphlet on the Progress of Botanical Discovery in Australia. By W. Woolls, F.L.S. 13. From Mr. Kelly. A Brass Basin, probably of Indian manufacture. 14. From Mr. A. McLaren. Specimens of Barnacles from piles of Wharf. 15. From the Secretary of War, United States. Report for 1866; and Report on Epidemic Cholera, 1867. Catalogue of Surgical Section. U.S. Army, Medical Museum, 1866. 16. From the Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Report for 1865. 17. From the Boston Society of Natural History. Proceedings, volume 7, 10, and Nos. 1 to 6 of volume 11. Memoirs of ditto, volume 1, parts 1 and 2. 18. From Essex Institute, Salem, Massachusetts. Proceedings, volume 4, parts 1 and 2 of volume 4, and Naturalists’ Directory, No. 1. 19. From American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. Proceedings volume 10, No. 76. 20. From the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Proceedings, volume 6. The special attention of the meeting wascalled to the very liberal do- nation of books, some of them of a very expensive character, lately received from the Government and various scientific institutions of the United States. The books had been sent in return for publications of the Society forwarded to the donors, a system of exchange having been initiated some time since through the Smithsonian Institution at Wash- ington. Mr. M. Allport read a paper on “ Net Fishing in the River Derwent,” in reference to which several of the Fellows present fully bore out that gentleman’s statements as to the permanent damage entailed on the fisheries by the use of the small meshed seine nets. Special votes of thanks were accorded to the American Government, the Smithsonian, and other institutions, for the donations of books. Also to Mr. Allport for his very able paper. The proceedings clos:d with the ordinary vote of thanks to the donors of presentations. 45 OCTOBER, 1869. The monthly evening meeting of the Fellows was held on Tuesday, the 12th October, C. Gould, Esq., F.G.S., in the chair. The hon. Secretary, Dr. Agnew, submitted the usual returns for the past month, viz. :— . Visitors to the Museum, 880. . Ditto to Gardens, 2,355. . Plants and seeds sent from, and received at Gardens. , . Times of leafing, flowering and fruiting of a few standard plants in Botanic Gardens. . Books and periodicals received. . Presentations to Museum. Meteorological Returns. . Hobart Town, from F. Abbott, Esq., table and summary for September. . Swansea, from Dr. Story, table for August. . Westbury, from F. Belstead, Esq., ditto for September. . Port Arthur, from J. Boyd, Esq., ditto, ditto. . Sydney, from G. R. Smalley, Esq., Government Astronomer, table for June. . Melbourne, from R. J. Ellery, Esq., table, &c., for August. . Perth, Western Australia, from W. H. Knight, Esq., table for August. The following presentations to the Museum were brought under the notice of the meeting :— . From Captain Roberts, a Snake and three Centipedes. . From F. B. Wilkinson, Esq., a Mountain Duck (Casarca tadornoides). . From Mr. W. Exton,Oatlands,a Chestnut-faced Owl (Strix castanops). From Mr. R. Propsting, a Harrier (Circus assimilis). ['This bird is known as the “ Swamp Hawk” of the colony. | . From A. H. Maning, Esq., a Sun Dial, made and used by Spanish shepherds. . From Mr. H. Turner, an Irish Penny, and a Sydney Token. . From Miss Castray, Leaves of Silver Leaf Tree from Table Mountain, Cape of Good Hope; a Damara Lady’s Necklace, from South Africa. 8. From Mrs. J. R. Buckland,—A Bullet from a double-barrelled gun, found loaded, on the 30th May, 1859, by the side of two skeletons belonging to the retreating party of Sir John Franklin’s ex- pedition, in a boat on the west coast of King William’s Island, lat. 69deg. 8min., N., long. 99deg. 24min., W. [Vide “Fate of Franklin and His Discoveries,’ by Captain McClintock, page 294.] A portion of a Boat’s Ensign, belonging to the same expedition, left at the Northern Cairn, Cape Felix, May, 1847, and discovered May, 1859, by Lieut. Hobson, of Lady Franklin’s screw yacht Fox. A portion of the Riband of the Order of the Redeemer, of Greece, worn by the late Sir John Franklin. An Almond from the Convent Garden on Mount Sinai. 9. From Mr. W. Knight, jun.,—A collection of Geological Specimens brought by Mr. Glover from the western coast of the Island. The Secretary brought under notice a model of a Reel invented by Sergeant Eccleston, R.A., Instructor of Artillery, to be used for the pur- pose of winding up the line in deep sea fishing. A letter descriptive of the manner of using it, and setting forth its advantages, was read. o> On mo bdo 10 Oop CODE “10> On me whre 46 Mr. Stephens read some “Notes on the occurrence of gold at Port Cygnet.” tr. Gould was much interested in the information contained in Mr. Stephens’ paper, as he had not had an opportunity of minutely examining the country about Port Cygnet. The discovery of fossils in the quarry alluded to, would be of the greatest importance, and he hoped, if any were discovered, they would be preserved for scientific examination. As to the specimens on the table, said to have been obtained from the vicinity of Port Davey, although he had visited that part of the country, several of them were new to him. He would instance: more particularly the ser- pentine, which was much more like that on the North of the Island than vany he had seen to the westward. Further information, however, was much required, as the specimens lost a great deal of their interest by not having labels affixed; and geological specimens generally were of very little value if not accompanied by a notice, defining exactly the localities in which they were found. Mr. J. W. Graves mentioned that gold in small quantities was disco- vered at Port Cygnet in 1852. Mr. Stephens was anxious to induce Fellows to send specimens of natural history to the Museum, which, in many respects, was still very deficieat. He would refer to one subject alone, that of our land shells. Of these, we had no proper collection, and if any information in reference to them was required, it would have to be sought for in the private museum of a naturalist (Dr. Cox), in Sydney—a circumstance which was scarcely creditable to us. Mr. Justin Browne observed that at a former meeting he had suggested that lists of such objects as we wanted might be exhibited at all the Post Offices in the interior, and he thought that if our wants were thus made generally known, many people in the country would send contributions. The Secretary informed the meeting that lists of desiderata for the Museum had been printed and forwarded to all the Fellows, and to many others. Scarce any response was, however, made to the appeal, except by Mr. W. Gellibrand, and also by Mrs. C. Meredith, who had contributed many valuable preparations of our sea-weeds and other objects. Mr. Graves mentioned he had lately received from Mr. Groombridge, of North West Bay, a black Wallaby. He had frequently seen the Albino variety, but had never seen or heard of a black one. He was inclined to believe it might be found to be a new species. {t was’now alive at his house for inspection. Mr. Castray (A. C. G.), in referring to presentation No. 7, observed if it was thought advisable by the Society to make exchanges of plants and seeds with the Cape, Mauritius, or Madagascar, that he would be happy to be the means of effecting such exchange, as he had correspondents in those places. Mr. Castray’s offer was at once accepted. Mr. Graves enquired if there were any berry-bearing wild plants at any of the places named, as such, if suitable to this climate, would be of great value both for our indigenous and acclimatised animals ? Mr. Castray thought there were some at the Cape which might be intro- duced with advantage. A vote of thanks having been accorded to Mr. Stephens for his paper, and to the donors of presentations, the meeting terminated. PAG NOVEMBER, 1869. The monthly evening meeting of the Fellows, the last of the session, was held on Wednesday, the 16th November, J. Barnard, Esq., in the chair. The Secretary, Dr. Agnew, laid on the table the following returns for the past month :— 1. Visitors to Museum, 3204. 2. Ditto to Gardens, 2624. 3. Times of leafing, &c., of a few standard plants in gardens. 4. Books and periodicals received. 5. Presentations to Museum. Meteorological Returns. 1. Hobart Town, from F. Abbott, Esq., tableand summary for October. 2. Port Arthur, from J. Boyd, Esq., table for ditto. 3. Swansea, from Dr. Story, table for September. 4, Sydney, from G. R. Smalley, Esq., tables for July (printed). 5. Melbourne, from R. L. J. Ellery, Esq., table and notes for September. 6. New Zealand, from Dr. Hector, tables for June and July. 7. Westbury, from F. Belstead, Esq., table for October. The presentations to the Museum were as follows :— 1. From Captain Garth, an albatross (Diomedia exulans), caught on the East Coast of the colony. 2. From Miss Peck, an English barn owl (Strix flammea), prepared and mounted. 3. From Salmon Commissioners, a Salmon Smolt, caught in the Derwent. 4. From Mr. M. Allport, two fish from Wedge Bay. 5. From the Hon. J. Maclanachan, Esq., a Pheasant, a cross between the English and Chinese varieties. 6. From Mr. J. C. Edgar, Sorell, 7 specimens of Land Shells. 7. From Mr. W. Legrand, 2 specimens of Land Shells. (Bulimus Tasmanicus.) 8. From Mr. E. D. Swan, polished specimen of Fluor Spar, from Derbyshire, England. 9, From Mrs. New, Bagdad, for Mr. J. Davies, a brown Trout (Salmo fario) caught in the Bagdad creek. ® 10. From G. Luttrell, shell impressions from Port Cygnet. 11. From Captain Williams, two samples of water from a mineral spring at Spring Bay. Also the tail of a large Tunny, which was driven on shore by a porpoise at Spring Bay. The fish weighed over 400 lbs. Mr. J. Davies presented for examination a sample of gold, weighing about 1} 0z., which he could state from excellent authority was obtained by two men, in two days’ work by digging at the Black Boy Reefat Mangana. Mr. Davies also submitted a sample of so-called jewel-sand for the pur- pose of obtaining the opinion of the Society as to the fact of its containing precious stones. (This sand has been examined under the microscope, but no valuable stones were found to be present ; it contained, however, a con- siderable proportion of fine gold.) Mr. M. Allport called attention to the presentation of a smolt by the Salmon Commissioners as placing upon record the first incontestable proof of the success of the grand experiment in which the Royal Society of Tas- mania had from the first taken so deep an interest. The last of the smolts hatched from English eggs left for sea in October, 1868, and, if not des- troyed, those fish must either be grilse or approaching grilse-hood ; that is 48 to say fish of from two pounds to eight pounds in weight, whereas the largest of the fish now caught weighs under half a pound, and carries with it a proof of its having but just left fresh water, as the silvery scales came off at the slightest touch, leaving the colour and markings of the parr dis- tinctly visible beneath. Itis therefore certain that these smolts are the produce of the Colony, as the parent fish must have returned from sea to deposit the ova from which such smolts were hatched. Doubts have been expressed by many colonists as to the nature of the fish, one specimen of which has been just presented to the Museum, and a slight reference to the subject is therefore necessary. In the first shipment—which arrived in 1864—the only migratory species introduced was the salmon (Salmo salar), while the second shipment—which arrived in 1866—contained two—the salmon and the salmon trout / Salmo trutta),—and it follows that these smolts, caught in salt water, must belong to one of these two species, though one learned gentleman has expressed his opinion that they are river trout (Salmo fario), in happy ignorance that the latter species cannot live in salt water. The second shipment arrived here early in the year 1866. In October, 1867, a portion of the smolts of that shipment left for sea. In October, 1868, the remaining smolts all left except a few salmon trout (Salmo trutta), retained in a pond for breeding purposes. The salmon trout so retained, although well-grown, healthy fish, showed no signs of spawning till the winter just past, and their progeny are now about an inch and ahalflong. It is, therefore, probable that the fish which went to sea in October, 1867, did not return as spawners till the winter of 1869, in which case the smo]t now exhibited can only be the young of the salmon (Salmo salar). Again of the salmon (Salmo salar), about 8000 are known to have left the ponds, and it is probable that about 2000 more ought to be added to that number, while of salmon trout (Salmo trutta) not more than 300 fish can have gone—in addition to which it must be remembered that the salmon have been two years longer in the river. In answer to those who unhesitatingly assert that these smolts are salmon trout, it may be mentioned that the first authorities in the world on the Salmonide ex- pressly point out that the various species of the genus Salmo in their immature stages closely resemble one another, and that a very slight variation from the normal type, which variation is by no means uncommon, may make it most difficult to determine the species of any single specimen, and we should therefore receive the decisive opinions of gentlemen who have no specimens to refer to with some degree of caution, especially when those opinions are strongly opposed to the probabilities. One specimen has been sent to Dr. Giinther (a leading authority on the subject) by the Salmon Commissioners with a view to obtaining his opinion as to its species before handing it to Mr. James A. Youl, to whom it is to be ultimately presented. After all if, with the chances so much against it, these should be salmon trout instead of salmon, the success of the experi- ment is none the less proved, as if one migratory species can succeed with a few hundreds turned out, how much more likely is the other to succeed when several thousands were liberated. The Hon. Secretary read a paper by E. D. Harrop, Esq., F.R.M.S., of Launceston on the Phyllactidiwm pulchellum, one of the Confervoid Alge. Specimens of this, and of several others of the same group, beautifully mounted by Mr. Harrop, were presented by him to the Museum. The usual vote of thanks (proposed by Mr. Bilton) to the donors of presentations, and the author of the paper, being passed, the meeting broke up, and the fellows adjourned to the large room in which the Society’s annual Microscopical Exhibition was being held. Here twelve instruments were at work with objects in great variety, and, as Fellows have the privilege of introducing ladies to this meeting, the room was filled with pleased and interested visitors. The exhibitors 49 were Messrs. F. Abbott, F. Abbott, jun., Agnew, M. Allport, E. Giblin, W. Johnston, Legrand, Napier, W. Stone, and Roblin. Mr. Abbott exhibited a great variety of instruments and objects of scientific interest, including groups of Diatoms, test lines after Nobert, specimens of diamond engraving, &c. Mr. F. Abbott, jun., by means of a binocular instrument, showed a series of metallic substances, embracing Gold, Copper, Iron Pyrites, &c. Dr. Agnew exhibited specimens of Confervoid Algz, received from and mounted by Mr. E. D. Harrop, of Launceston. The circulation in the Tadpole was well displayed by Mr. M. Allport, and by Mr. EK. Giblin, who also showed a micrometer, together with various crystals by polarized light, insects, &c., &c. Mr. Legrand had a series of twelve varieties of Tasmanian Polyzoa. Mr. Napier displayed some exquisite crystals under polarized light, and also specimens of English Polyzoa. Sections of Colonial Woods, and other objects, were shown by Mr. W. Johnston, Trinity Hill. Mr. Stone and Mr. Roblin exhibited the circulation of the sap in the Nitella flexilis, and the latter also showed the cup-like covering of the larva of a manna-making insect (Psylla sp 2) from leaves of the Eucalyptus, presented by Mr. 8. H. Wintle. The various objects under view were carefully examined by the numer- ous visitors, many of whom before leaving expressed their sense of the gratification and pleasure which had been afforded to them by the exhibition. 50 NET-FISHING IN THE DERWENT. By Morton Atuport, F.L.S., F.Z.S. During the months of November, December, and January, when the freshets caused by the winter’s rains having subsided, and the tidal waters get low and brackish, shoals of fish com- mence running up from Storm Bay and the open coast into the estuary of the River Derwent, for the purpose of depositing spawn in the shallow landlocked bays, which abound. from Rosny and Macquarie Point upwards. Of such fish, the most valuable are Flounders and Soles; the other being Bream, Mullet, Mackerel, Native Salmon, Kingfish, and a few species of comparatively minor importance. No exact season can be fixed for the spawning of any of these fish, the time of the deposition of the ova varying in different years from causes of which naturalists are at present ignorant ; and even in the same summer, many weeks often elapse between the deposition of the first and last spawn of each particular species. The parent fish having deposited the Spawn, remain in the river, safe from the attack of their more formidable marine enemies, till their strength is recruited, and return to the sea with the first floods of winter. The development of the spawn and subsequent progress of the fry are not so well ascertained as the habits of the parent fish ; but the probability is, that the fry—like those of most summer spawning fish—are very rapidly hatched, and increase their weight quickly at first, as otherwise they could never hold their own against the attacks of the innumerable enemies to which they are subjected in their early helpless stages. The fry of several species remain through the winter in the com- parative security afforded by the sheltered waters of the river, leaving for sea at the end of the following autumn, and becoming marketable in the ensuing spring—two years after they are hatched. Forty years ago, the bays near Hobart Town swarmed with fish during the summer months, and flounders and soles could be caught in any quantity on all the beaches at Sandy Bay. Vast shoals of Bream, Mullet, and Native Salmon, made their way up to the junction of the fresh and salt water at Herds- man’s Cove, in the Jordan, and above New Norfolk in the Derwent, at both which places angling was for several years afterwards successfully carried on. In the summer months, between the years 1840 and 1850, \ o1 anyone standing on the rocks near Green Point might have seen myriads of large fish passing and repassing with each tide, in.and out of the estuary of the Jordan, and Bream of two or three pounds each played in thousands about the shallows above Bridgewater, and at New Norfolk. In those early days and for many years afterwards, all the fish required for the Hobart Town market were easily obtained in the neighbourhood,and comparatively few nets were worked, but as the town grew the demand became larger; the number of nets increased, they were worked night after night without any reference to season, or restrictions as to the sale—every- thing with fins was swept up, and the nearest bays denuded of their fish. The nets used were seines of great length, with meshes generally less than an inch square; they were paid out from the stern of a boat in a large semicircle, and then hauled from both ends on to the shore. The fishing was carried on at night, when the bulk of the fish referred to were feeding in the shoal water, or depositing their spawn—in the latter case much of the spawn must have been totally destroyed, because the weeds upon which it was hung would choke the lower portion of the net, and weeds, spawn, and minute fry would alike be drawn on shore and left to perish. As the bays which were fished near town became exhausted, the men began to follow the unfortunate spawning fish further and further up the river. Unprotected by any daw, that which ought to have been regarded as a nursery, from which to supply the lower waters periodically with marketable fish, was more and more encroached upon, and as might have been expected, the fish grew scarcer and scarcer and smaller and smaller, till flounders two inches across, and mullet three inches long were to our national disgrace hawked about the streets. Line fishing above the town became a mockery, and those who remember the sport of other days gave it up in utter disgust. Angling in the upper waters fared no better, and was par- tially abandoned, while half a dozen net fishermen continued doing their utmost to kill the goose, which, with proper care, ought to have provided them and their descendants with golden egos for all time. In the year 1864, it became necessary, in order to ensure the safety of the few dozen of salmon smolts then descending the Derwent, to put some restraint upon the excessive netting in the river, and the Salmon Commissioners availed themselves of the power given them under the Salmon Act, and recom- mended the suppression of all netting above the town. At the time, one or two men made a faint show of resistance to D2 this measure, but did not press the subject probably because, having so far stripped the river, there was not much lost by the restriction. The improvement consequent upon stopping the netting soon became apparent. Towards the end of the second season the hand-line fishing from boats near town improved consider- ably, and the fish have since steadily increased both in quantity and size. Angling has been resumed with great success in the lower waters, and is gaining in favor asa healthy and pro- fitable recreation each year. Near the mouth of the Sorell Rivulet shoals of large bream have been constantly seen, where, a short time ago but few, and in some seasons, none showed themselves, One man who has fished the river for more than 30 years, and on whose veracity I can rely, assures me that he has seen a shoal of these fish covering half an acre,and that he believes the river will soon be what it was in its best days. The bays about New Town and Risdon have been alive with fish during the last season, and anglers in those waters rarely failed to make good baskets. This abundance of fish in the bays above the town has now excited the cupidity of those few net fishermen who do not consider anything beyond their present gain, and who for the sake of two or three good seasons would not only run the risk of wasting all the money and labour expended, for their own ultimate benefit, in the salmon experiment, but would even wantonly sacrifice the permanent iaterest of the public, and especially of the angling and line fishing public, by scraping up every spawning fish they can follow to the shallows, and thus undo all the good work which the Salmon Commissioners have done by placing some restriction on the netting. These fishermen are now urging Parliament to re-open the river, and those who advocate this to do so mainly on two grounds, one the hardship to the fishermen by taking away their means of livelihood, the other the advantage to be gained by catching a veritable salmon, and proving beyond doubt the success of the experiment. As to the first ground, it is difficult to understand why the presence of a larcer number of fish in the upper waters makes the hardship any greater now than it wasin 1864. On the contrary ; the closing the river has each year tended to make the fishing in the lower waters better at those seasons in which the fish ought to be caught. Had the net fishermen been allowed to goon as they had commenced, the river would soon have yielded them no profit at all, either in the upper or lower waters, a hardship much more serious than any they can now be subjected to by keeping 53 the upper waters closed, as each winter will bring a fresh supply of marketable fish within reach of their nets. It is also stated that in severe southerly weather themenmust either go up the river or lie idle at great loss, but the upper waters are only worth netting in summer and autumn, when southerly gales arerare. The men whoare really the sufferers by heavy southerly weather, are not the seine net men, but the deep-sea fishermen, who have to get from 20 to 60 miles out on to the exposed coast. It isa rather significant fact that since the closing of the river, deep-sea well-boats of superior build have increased in number, and, with the single exception of flounders, the better fish have been brought to market in such numbers that real trumpeter are now cheaper than when the river was open, although quantities are occasionally sent to Melbourne. It is quite probable that ifthe upper waters were thrown open during the next two seasons, there would be for a time such a supply that the market of the deep-sea fish might be mate- rially affected, and some of the boats withdrawn from an industry which deserves every encouragement—in other words, we should sacrifice a legitimate trade for that which ought to be considered illegitimate. Even if some hardships could be shown to exist, surely the future interests of the whole public are not to be sacrificed for the immediate and short lived benefit of some two dozen men, for it must be remembered that in the port of Hobart Town, the whole of the boats and gear fitted for this destructive fish- ing, are the property of two individuals, and that the hands employed in it rarely exceed 20 at any one time. The injury inflicted upon these 20 men and their families, by the closing of the river, can only be estimated at the difference between the wages they used to earn at the fishing in 1864, when it was failing perceptibly, and what they can now earn at any other occupation, and that difference must be trifling. As to the second ground upon which the opening of the river is advocated, it is by no means certain that allowing the nets to be worked for a few miles up the river would lead to the capture of salmon, for there can at present only be a few mature fish scattered over a wide expanse of water, and no net really adapted for salmon fishing in the wide tidal waters, with a mesh eight inches round when wet, itis to be found in the colony, and if it could be found it would not suit the pur- pose of those fishermen, who, caring little for the success or failure of the salmon experiment, simply wish to scrape out everything saleable, and would never be satisfied to use a mesh through which a fair sized smolt could pass. Again, it is quite possible that the space travelled over by 54 the salmon in their migration seaward may depend much upon their supply of food, and that, while the fish are scarce and their food abundant, they will not travel far from the junction of the fresh and salt water. Granting that salmon might be caught by opening the river and using proper nets, is it not manifest that the rapid stock- ing of our rivers would be more seriously retarded by killing half-a-dozen salmon now, when only a few pairs reach the spawning beds, than by killing as many thousands a few years hence, when every gravelly rapid over hundreds of acres will be tenanted by spawning fish? D0 NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF GOLD AT PORT CYGNET. By T. SrepHens, M.A. A visit recently paid to Port Cygnet has resulted in a dis- covery which is not without interest from a scientific point of view, if nothing more. Having had to traverse the Huon district in all directions for several years past, in the discharge of official duties, I had become tolerably familiar with its principal geological features, which present few variations from those that prevail in the neighbourhood of Hobart Town, and the greater part of the Derwent basin. Ifa line be drawn from the East Coast through Campbell Town to the Great Lake, and thence southwards to Recherche Bay in a direction nearly corresponding with the course of the 147th meridian, the area included between this and the coastline is the only large section of Tasmania in which there is no ground for expecting discoveries of gold or other valuable metals. The sedimentary rocks of the whole of this area may be described in general terms as Upper Paleozoic. They comprise the carboniferous series, and probably pass upwards into the counterparts of rocks now established in Victoria as Mesozoic, and they are here and there overlaid by Tertiary and Post- tertiary deposits. The whole series, to the Tertiary inclusive, has been penetrated and intersected to an extraordinary extent by trappean and basaltic rocks, which frequently hide the sedimentary strata altogether from view over extensive tracts of country. | But none of the older rocks, the recognised source of gold wherever it has been found in paying quantities, have hitherto been known to exist within this area, and as the greater part of it has been pretty well explored by the geologist, it is only in an odd corner, here and there, that their presence comes within the range of possibility. The oft repeated announce- ment of the discovery ot gold in small quantities at Port Cygnet, added to a previous acquaintance with the indications of extensive denudation of the upper Paleozoic sandstones and mudstones in that neighbourhood, suggested to me the idea of paying closer attention to the spots where any of the primary rocks, which by any chance had been elevated above the sea level, might be expected to show themselves. And after a brief examination of the rock exposed in a quarry near the southern extremity of the township, and in a small tributary 56 of the Agnes Rivulet, I have little hesitation in pronouncing it to be of earlier date than any which has hitherto been recognised in the above-mentioned area, It varies in character from a soft arenaceous clay slate to a hard compact grit, con- taining in places rolled pebbles and boulders of schistose or metamorphic rocks, with porphyries and granite, and is in all respects analogous to portions of the old conglomerates of the North Coast, which are undoubtedly of Silurianage. It occurs on both sides of the Agnes Rivulet, which seems to occupy a synclinal hollow, and it is evidently unconformable to the Upper Palzozoic mudstones by whose denudation it has been exposed. Theruling angle of dip is about 60°, the strike being nearly north and south. The rock is in places highly impregnated with iron pyrites, and I noticed faint impressions, apparently of organic origin, but too indistinct to be made out on the spot, and the matrix too perishable to allow of its removal for examination. Until some fossils have been dis- covered and identified, all further speculations as to geological age are quite futile, but the search for them I must leave to those who have plenty of leisure time. The existencein this neighbourhood ofan interesting porphy- ritic rock, containing large crystals of felspar, has long been known. Though peculiar to the district it is analogous in several respects to many common members of the trappean series, but the entire absence of hornblende, which in them is a distinguishing feature, is noticeable. It is clearly newer than the grit just described, which it intersects in the form of a vast dyke on the western side of the township, another branch showing itself in a quarry near the new slab road ; and it seems probable that the quartzose veinstones, which have been quite recently met with, and which appear to traverse the porphyry near some of its points of contact with the older rocks, are the source of the gold which has been sparingly found in the alluvium of adjacent gullies. Whether a careful assay of specimens from these veinstones will result in the establishment of this theory remains yet to be proved. Unfortunately the most interesting part of the quarry last referred to, is now under water, and there is no other spot in the neighbourhood which affords similar facilities for investi- gating the subject. There are well authenticated instances in Victoria of the occurrence of auriferous veins of similar character in diorites closely allied by their geological relations to the porphyry of Port Cygnet, but I see no grounds at pre- sent for advising any large outlay in the search for gold. It is clear that in the shallow alluvium, where it has hitherto been found, there is no prospect of an adequate return for the expenditure of labour and capital, and it is equally clear that oT the deep ground, where there is only a remote probability of the existence of an auriferous lead, could not be worked except at very great expense. Again, the quartzose veins of the porphyry have not yet been seen developed in any practicable shape. Attention has however been directed to the subject, and it is by no means improbable that continuations of these veins will some day be traced into the more substantial forms by which, under similar geological conditions, they are else- where represented. 58 THE PHYLLACTIDIUM PULCHELLUM. By E. D. Harrop, F.R.M.S. Phyllactidium Pulchellum ... Kutzing. Gray. Coleochete Scutata ............ Brébison. Hassall. It may be well to place on record the fact that this beautiful microscopic plant has been noticed in Tasmania; and as so little is known of it even amongst microscopists, I will, at the same time, with the permission of the Fellows of the Society, describe it, and give a few lines on its history. The first occasion on which it was observed here was last year by Mr. Sale, of Launceston, by whom it was found ad- hering to the glass sides of his aquarium, and since then I have discovered it in its natural habitat, namely, the leaves and stems of water plants. I send prepared specimens for examination by the Fellows. Although this plant was discovered in England in 1844 by Mr. Ralfs, who published a paper describing it in the “ Annals of Natural History” in 1845; yet so seldom had it been noticed by Algologists, that Dr. Gray, F.R.S., described it in “Seeman’s Journal of Botany,” in 1866, as new to Great Britain. Kuitzing appears to have been its first discoverer in 1838, when he met with it growing in an aquarium. Brébison also observed it in 1844 at Falaise, growing on the leaves and stems of inundated and in part decomposed water plants, principally on the Sparganium natans and Potamogeton natans. He named it the Coleochzte Scutata, and from the setigerous sheaths, growing sometimes numerously from the upper portion of the cells, considered that it should be placed in the Cheetophoroidz, and near the Bulbochete. The generic and specific names of Phyllactidium pulchellum first given it by Kutzing, and confirmed by Gray, are those by which it is now known. From the fact that this plant has generally been found associated with, or rather in water in which the Volvox Globator has been abundant, it was presumed by some ob- servers that there was some connection between the plants; but its affinities are with quite another family of the Con- fervoidez, namely, the Chetophoracez. From most, if not all, of these plants there grows on the back of some of the cells a sheath having a bulbous base, and ag from out of which apparently issues a delicate setaceous fila- ment of considerable length. These sete are not always met with, and I should say are rarely seen in mounted specimens, as they are extremely caducous. It is these setaceous filaments which place this remarkable plant in the family Cheetophor- acez of the Confervoid Algze, and at the same time would appear to ally it to the Bulbochete, with which genus Hassall considers it has close affinities. On the specimens on Slide No. 2, which were taken from the stem of a water plant, there will be noticed on the back of the cells nearer the margin than the centre, several masses of Hudochrome. These are the Sporangia. The reproduction of the plant is said to be effected by zoospores as well as spores, the zoospores being produced singly from the cell contents and bearing two cilia. With plants so minute, observation in respect of the reproduction by zoospores is extremely diffi- cult, and it is but rarely, indeed, that such points can be noted,and only when one is so fortunate as to have a specimen under examination in which the zoospores are on the point of escaping from the cells. This is quite possible when the plant grows in an aquarium, through the sides of which it may be observed with a glass from day to day. Dr. Gray describes the organism as follows :—“ The form is discoidal, circular, slightly concave on one side, formed of very minute, nearly equal sized square cells, placed on forked lines regularly spreading from a central cell to the circumference ; the frond is thin, membranaceous, and the upper and under surfaces are similar. The fructification consists of from twelve to sixteen square thickened patches, forming a circle (some- times two) rather nearer the margin than the centre of the disc, the square patches being often placed in pairs. The fructification was first observed by Suringar in his thesis entitled ‘‘ Observationes Physiologice,’’ delivered in Leyden, srd March, 1857.” This description fails to include the setigerous sheaths, which is an important omission, being that part ofits organisa- tion above others which has enabled botanists to give the genus its natural position. The sheath and filament are well shown on a specimen in preparation No. 2, where the delicate filament will be seen to issue from the setigerous sheath for a length almost equal to the diameter of the frond ; and in both of the preparations (Nos. 2 and 3) of the plant taken from the natural habitat there can be seen, with a little management of the light, numerous sheaths. Specimen No. 1 grew on the glass side of an aquarium, and it will be noticed how much finer the frond is than in those taken from the stems of water plants, so much 60 so that one might be led to consider it a variety. I think it is a perfectly mature frond as regards size, as the plants dis- appeared from the aquarium shortly after it was collected. The plant may, moreover, develope better on the smooth glass than on the rougher stems of water plants; in fact, it is just one of those conditions that might fairly be supposed to give rise to a variety. 61 METEOROLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL ABSTRACT, FOR THE SPRING QUARTER, 1869. S ‘ x4 = : ; o Mean in Shade. S a Wind. Ramee Ad | os Pan s 2 dae Ors b, ba | s¢ ahs re eens] 8 ee ole faa) 3 | 88 Months. | 2 o8-'| Bu feulsul 38 | gO cs & S _d| 5 es 2) 89% ba |EalEa| e', | Bs | Prevailing | 8 a2] g° $' oO a. Als eta ait, © Currents a (61231 es Pose Obes testes! 1g : a | Se | eee foe oe 8 Sie baa) & sje | § Ea "S 2 Als | a op) ie Se | = aes ee eee ee ee ee | ee Oe |e Inches. | = : g ee a do | tbs. In. | In. ' | ' Sept. ..) 29947 | 52°81] 75 | 31 | 93°77 | 39°75 | N.W., S.E. | 62°71! gl0'98 3°52 - ra) kD 2 | 3 O | Ochre. |). 297700° | -57 5°) 53 | 49 |102 47 | 49°13 Naw S.EB. 46°29/15| 3°32] 2.82 } } | | F fees | : Nov. ..| 29°706 | 59°51] 78 | 4° |r02‘13| 45°63] N.W.,S.E. | 52’o1|r4/1°87| 422 . | t | ———— _——— | —_ — | | | Mean..| 29°815 | 56°63 |75°3/37°0| 99°45 | 43°50] N.W., S.E. | 53°67'38! 6°17| 10°56 The mean in all cases is taken from the sums of the three daily registers, and not from the maximum and minimum. The direction of the wind is registered from currents moving at a height of 192 feet, and the force according to Lind’s Wind Guage. The supposition, however, of a uniform velocity during the month is a very arbitrary one, and the results can be considered only approximately correct. The relations of the quantities of rain which fell under the different winds are registered each evening at sundown. : The twenty-five years’ standard tables are used for obtaining the difference from the average. Leafing, Flowering, and Fruiting of a few Standard Plants in the Royal Society's Gardens, for the Spring Quarter, 1869. September 8th.—Common Ash commencing to break into leaf. 12th.—Grape Vines commencing to start. 15th.—Common Oak commencing to break into leaf. 16th.—Moutan Peony commencing to flower. 22nd.—Horse Chestnut ditto ditto. 25th.—Robinia Pseudo-acacia commencing to break into leaf. October 5th.—Carpinus Betulus commencing to break into leaf, 12th.—Ailanthus Glandulosus ditto ditto. 16th.—Common Lime ditto ditto. 17th.—Black Mulberry ditto ditto. 20th. —Elm Seeds commencing to fall. 3 26th.— Melia Azederach commencing to break. November 5th. —First Strawberry (Marguerite) gathered. 10th.—First Cherry (May Duke) gathered. 14th.—Black Mulberry in full flower. 20th. —Pomegranate in flower. 21st.—First Raspberry gathered. is 28th.—Bougainvillea Spectabilis in full flower. Nore. -Strawberries were four, Cherries six, Black Mulberry seven, and Pomegranate six days later this year than last; the time of the remainder of the above plants being about the same as last year. 99 99 > 9 99 2 ae mae t N i 4: = = eae 1) ‘— fr, Le Le) 4 sr os ee es as i Fe x fi; Ps © yA) Ayr 8 ‘nati yet ee | ye C ; y ze ‘Te ie re, i Poke Fa 2 4 Mts Bie ek i af i teed i cana cae ae bi} ; oo25) art oot afl f wd t A - y le } ? ys iy ale LR ‘? ' ‘ i ! ‘ 7 } Oh. me ee i ay ‘ ' € es iy = Frag ; on ’ a. 1 aodumee 81h yrdg sat to eniir eo) move | St vaned See : ty rt iin SHG ay it ery ., ‘anitiengdue south fini vs aban withyosuy ao iol add | ene viet Lik & y.) ist ‘j ey : ee lovee & arto LWplamisangd ae % i iedun of die giie Y Sodcte List finsiiy jan othe i: seem fe neers Hose oe Be > ety «aor 27a TULb ad? ‘enitats ro 10? b4éo ata eeldieg bial cid taey se ae ' * eee. MOU hvabsrs niny, plo “G hero ig Ba 3 F Ayal? (nat ra ( ety . 4" a/wiag A « : c ; Sool cit feet oF tained dis fe ;, A a i iu i iL’ y ¢ ; N it x) a3 rie b a s é ve ei eili dive ¢ - aT : inol ia? faotd af ertiodsatiee ke , os + ith Aiprit! tJ tape ae i 4 ray eta Oils) j we27; ; islint } ? 14363 Bei Sf. = ‘ AER CD, “eet vt ‘ ee: f Tevut 35 awe > What 2k es eee for Ctay (Oar Riedl eae ee P 3} ri Ls toant: qe } i parole Mae ol rig tio - Miya iit rh ake: fue Cy el shed tole oe Eee Sa yy . _ ll oh somot! ie idlceodaiy sullivan line Reet ‘ his 908 ce | sin lA 2 t «ie quieted! IS? 2497, Melkiog p iy WN aTRiTee Oy Ay Sik avd | «pak gah reer’ sgai2 fda} réile cat’ f 2 t hav Tee Aes a's FRottn vated ae 63 METEOROLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL ABSTRACT, FOR THE SUMMER QUARTER, 1869-70. S 4 q : oO Mean in Shade. s = Wind. Rain 3 ; ae | 8 52 vo ps Py a ai fal an h bs - a S ea ae Months.) 23.1 2. 18 1/8 | 22] 3 o |B) -5| aie (Seo) SPSzlEs| eo |e | Prevailing | § [Alge! we Ge Seen aga fe cht ira Ne Currents. 1S) 2 3) aa & aos 5 cS) S s) S ie) 6 v Slow es S a coun he Z2\a | a n a) Inches. e ei ° e ibs. Wha }} Ir Dec. ..| 29°739 | 61°55| 84 | 40 107'23| 380 N.W., S.E. | 78°83}15/1°47| 5°80 Jan. ..| 29°758 | 66°62] 99 | 45 |107°60| 42°5 N.W., S.E. | 92°63] 9/4°57| 5.00 Feb. ..| 29°928 | 63°45 | 92 | 42 |107°36| 39'0 N.W., S.E. | 60°88} 5/0°35] 5°32 Mean..| 29°805 | 63°87 |91°6 A 3 70739) Z20163 | NIWs Sh 77°44 |26| 6°39] 16°12 The mean in all cases is taken from the sums of the three daily registers, and not from the maximum and minimum. The direction of the wind is registered from currents moving at a height of 192 feet, and the force according to Lind’s Wind Guage. The supposition, however, of a uniform velocity during the month isa very arbitrary one, and the results can be considered only approximately correct. The relations of the quantities of rain which fell under the different winds are registered each evening at sundown. The twenty-five years’ standard tables are used for obtaining the difference from the average. FRANCIS ABBOTT, Private Observatory. Leafing, Flowering, and Fruiting of a few Standard Plants in the Royal Society’s Gardens, for the Summer Quarter, 1869. December 10th.—First Red Currant ripe. 11th.—Common Privet commencing to flower. 14th.—Black Currants commencing to ripen. 15th.—Melia azederach commencing to flower. a 16th.—Doyenne d’Ete Pear commencing to ripen. 33 20th.—Juneating Apple ditto ditto. January lst.—First Apricot (Royal) gathered. 8th. —Grevillea robusta in full flower. 9th.—Jargonelle Pear ripe. 12th.—Mulberries commencing to ripen. - 14th.—Veronica angustifolia in full flower. February 1st.—Kerry Pippin Apple commencing to ripen. 2nd.—Windsor Pear ditto ditto. 6th.—Greengage Plum ditto ditto. 3 15th.—Common Ash commencing to shed seed. i 18th-—Sycamore ditto ditto Note.—Red Currants were six days, Privet six days, Black Currants six days, Melia azederach three days, Doyenne d’Ete Pear two days, Juneating Apple five days, Apricot nine days, and Grevillea two days later than last season ; and Kerry Pippin Apple was three days, Windsor Pear four days, Ash three days, and Sycamore four days earlier. The remainder were about the same time as last year. 99 59 99 39 39 Hes ' ty veelire- ee pire? Gel | Monat ie satay ltecdiy Uivialh Wide i MRE a nN } r i hos wrth Paes 45 ey) dd aise af Af 1" P Woe thy he / pera TAREE A Pa ; Ain tee aaa ee hud ui er Mya | : (Ae TEE ‘ Oy haha ha ee” ina el a ae os ‘aie ‘ aE Sh ; { 3 Tat Sagi rad rege ry ay fs ee font: sari} ron et riot, ea Linden 4 Rell icaiery evi Yo ditt bree da oti have Yip bate ay . nents ; shang wite ade og. F BP side. ah uf wr sh ao P 4 cP ae ee } Ts) * a! or hae, i. ty hy ye ¥ er) Pts wy sR Ka ie, r . ry Na ea PRE di has at Gea, iy wy 1 ‘ , yp ae ’ aS “ fy! e Ape & bs f ye ii mre 4 ra ~ “ h . p T, ts . Piet CNR. Tye OAM MONS NMS NR ay 4 a : ; a - weal 4 ih S “ t* Ah IN ee 79 ait a | AY: Gr Pi an 4 % : y aye ve CH hx: aL Bait tert) hash / ro he to vite oR dan ob me awd) sey dave a . Ati ont tasers Me Over. >. Kok” hon ar ae ep xe Meret wae f Ae OhoR eastee ii ne Molaee silo sat ion Hig t ctl sno wth Bai to ty Shes fs : 1 i ae see (itr ais} & ee fois L 1A it er i ah ais ray 7 rr Ot aby) Piper, (2! f 4 Alege ee Aes TT: werk hamch ete Cer} 3 ' a, ata ee ’ 4 egal) ott! a } ai f i" Dui Pres ‘ Pa a WEE heite wy bare ve: Rao naa ae Ry ih P| bt ie maa Riaiie fe : ante Yi REI LAREN con? cee’ CCRT GRE, tg ae Hits, BT) e Pe ry pee i we rey "> , tale 6 uv Bhie Hebi diy fet aM ELD WoL y ‘ . ay; vik cat | ey a: TO ek IO EOE Gr OF THE mOYAL SOCIETE OF fa > MAINA. FOR THE VEAR Fe el ete te ee ee a ae tage” tao” ao Vago” Vana? Manel tat A TASMANIA: PRINTED AT THE ‘f MERCURY ” STEAM PRESS OFFICE, HOBART TOWN, I 87 oF Rovul Society of Gasmania. Patron : HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. Aresiweut : HIS EXCELLENCY CHARLES DuCANE, ESQ. Vice-DreswWents : Hon. T. D. CHAPMAN, Esq., M.H.A. Hon. SIR R. OFFICER, M.H.A, Ven ARCHDEACON DAVIES J. W. AGNEW, Ese., M.D. atembers of Council : *F, ABBOTT: Esq., F.R.A.S. | H. J. BUCKLAND, Esa: eee be Pe , Hsq., M.H.A. J. BARNARD, Esa. (sare *T. GIBLIN, Esa. VEN. ARCHDEACON D *JUSTIN McC. BROWNE, Esa. Hon. A. KENNERLEY, Esq., M.L.C. SIR R. OFFICER, Knt., M.H.A M. ALLPORT, Esgq., F.L.S., iv Z.S8. T STEPHENS, Esq., M.A. di Wee AGNEW, Es@., M. De reasurer + Hon. Decvelary : J. DUNN, Esa. | J. W. AGNEW, Ese., M.D. Auditors of Aunwal Accounts : F. BUTLER, Esq. | H. COOK, Esa. Auditors of Monthly Accounts : M. ALLPORT, Ese. | F. ABBOTT, Ese. Curator of Husewm: MR. T. ROBLIN. * Members who retire next in rotation. Honorary Fembers. HIS EXCELLENCY SIR WM. T. DENISON, K.C.B., F.RB.S., &e., England. HIS EXCELLENCY SIR GEORGE GREY, K.C.B., &c., Governor CHARLES JOSEPH LATROBE, Esq., England. SIR HENRY EDWARD FOX YOUNG, K.C.B., England. Corresponding aYembers. W. H. ARCHER, Esq., Registrar-General, Melbourne, Victoria. JOHN JOSEPH BENNETT, Esq., F.R.S., British Museum, London. REV. W. B. CLARKE, M.A., F.G.S., &c., Sydney. JOHN GOULD, Esqa., F.R.S., London. JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, Esq., M.D., R.N., F.R.S., &c., London. JOSEPH H. KAY, Captain R.N., F.R.S., Melbourne, Victoria. REV. R. L. KING, B.A., Sydney. J. MITCHELL, Esqa., Sydney. BARON F. VON MUELLER, C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S., F.LS., &c, &e., Government Botanist, Melbourne, Victoria. JOHN PEET, Esq., Professor, Grant’s College, Bombay. FREDERICK PENNY, Esq@., F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry in the Andersonian University, Glasgow. W. J. MACQUORN RANKIN, Esq, C.E., F.R.S.L., and E., &e. W. A. SANDFORD, Esg@., Colonial Secretary, Western Australia. W. WILSON SAUNDERS, Esgq., F.R.8., &c., London. ALFRED R. C. SELWYN, Esa., F.G.S., Government Geologist, Victoria. REV. CHARLES PLEYDELL N. WILTON, M.A., Newcastle, New South Wales. ADAM WHITE, Esq., F.L.S., &c., British Museum, London. E. S. P. BEDFORD, Esq., F.R.C.S.L., Sydney, New South Wales. C. TOMLINSON, Esa., Lecturer on Physical Science, King’s College School, London. G. BENNETT, Esq., M.D., F.Z.S., Sydney, New South Wales. G. KREFFT, Ese@., Curator of Museum, Sydney, New South Wales. PROFESSOR G. NEUMAYER, Munich. REV. JULIAN E. T. WOODS, F.L.S., F.G.8., F.R.G.S., &c., Penola, South Australia. DR. W. O. SONDER, Foreign Hon, Sec, Society of Naturalists, Hamburg. + Denotes Life Membership. Abbott, Francis, F.R.A.S., F.R.M.LS. Abbott, F.. jun.... Adams, G. P. Agnew, J. W., Allport, Joseph .. Allport, Morton, F. pss, BZ: 8. Archer, William, F.L.S. Atherton, E. a8 Atkinson, Rev., H. D.... M.D. Bilton, H. Barnard, James.. = +Barry, Sir R., Tate J udge.. Boyd, James, Civil Gatiiaianat Brent, John Butler, Francis ... Butler, J. . Bromby, Right Rev. C. H ce a Bishop of 1 en Bright, R.8., M.R.C.S.L Butler, Henry Buckland, H. J.... Browne, Justin McC Chapman, Hon. T.D., M.H.A. Cook Henry, M.H.A.... Clarke, J. M. Creswell, C.F. Cotton, TeeTbie:. : Crawford, Lieut. Gblbnal Cruttenden, Thomas ... Davies, Ven. Archdeacon Davies, John, M.H.A. Dear, R. E. .. Hobart Town BF Cheshunt Hobart Town Oyster Cove Glenorchy Hobart Town Melbourne Port Arthur Hobart Town Hobart Towu Badgad Hobart Town New Town Hobart Town >] 9° Swanport New Town W oodsden Hobart Town 9? 92 02 Dobson, Hon. W. L., M.H.A. Dobson, H. - Pann) J.A. | 3. op D’Emden, H. J. Du Cane, His Excellency C.. Fenton, Michael Fitzgerald, Robert = Foster, Hon. John, M.L.C. ... Giblin Thomas... Gould, C., F.G.S., Tes Geologist... Gorringe, Thomas ae Grant, James ... coe Greig, C. G. 5H Gunn, BR. C.,.F.B.S8.,; F.L.S. Graves, J. W.... +Gellibrand, W. A. B. Guesdon, W. A., jun. Hall, Dr. E. Swarbreck Harris, Rev. R. D., M.A Hinsby, Henry Hopkins, Henry Hunter, Henry Huston, G. F. .. Huybers, A. Hopkins, H., jun. Irving, Professor Ingle, J. a aoe Jackson, Adam ee uP a Johnston, William ... wee oe Kennerley, Hon. Alfred, M.L.C.... ee Kermode, Hon. R. Q. Knight, W., jun. Langdon, Captain the Hon. W., R.N., M.L.C. ... Lewis, David, M.H.A. See iaowes, Hon, Tf; ¥., MLC. .;. Hobart Town 39 2? bad Government House Fenton Forest Hobart Town Green Ponds Tullochgorum Hobart Town Launceston Hobart Town River Ouse Hobart Town Hobart Town New Norfolk Hobart Town 99 Melbourne University England Ross Hobart Town Hobart Town Mona Vale Sandy Bay Montacute Hobart Town Glenorchy 13 Maclanachan, James ... MacNaughtan, Alexander Mather, J. B. ... Maxwell, C. M +Milligan, Joseph, F.L.S. ... ie ae = Moore, J. A. Ba sae Meredith, Hon. C., M.H.A.... Morrison, Askin rs eee Marsh, H. J.... Mace, J. C. Mace, G. Napier, G. R. ... Nelson, H. Officer, Hon. Sir Robert, M.H.A., Speaker Pillinger, J. ... aa aa Roberts, H. L.... Salier, G., M.H.A. Sharland, W. 8., M.H.A. Solomon, Joseph beh A Stephens, T., M.A., Inspector of Schtolas. Story, J. F. Storie, Rev. J.... Susman, L. Stone, W. Swan, E.D._.. Scott, J., M.H.A. Scott, J. R., M.H.A.... Tonkin: FH... B:.... Turnley, G. W. Walch, James ... Waterhouse, R. 8. Weaver, G. Be Weston, W. P. Whitcomb, G. ... me Whyte, Hon. James, M.L.C. Wilson, George, jun..,.. Ballochmyle Hobart Town ” England New Norfolk Hobart Town 9? bd 2? Clarence Plains Spring Bay Hobart Town >] New Norfolk Antill Ponds Hobart Town 99 New Norfolk Hobart Town vie) Swanport Hobart Town Launceston New Town Hobart Town Launceston Hobart Town 22 | 99 Norfolk Plains Hobart Town ”’ Mount Seymour 74 Wilson, Hon. J. M., M.L.C. Wise, F. H. eae Woolley, a. ae a mee ae Wilkins, A. ... aon ane er Webster, A. G. Wright, Stephen P. H. Young, Russell Hobart Town 39 99 England Hobart Town 99 10 MINUTES of the AnnuaL GENERAL MEETING of the Royat Society or TasmantA, held at the Museum, Macquarie-street, at 7 o’clock p.m., on the 28th January, 1870: T. Giblin, Esq., in the chair. The following gentlemen, who had been previ- ously nominated by the Council, were, after a ballot, duly elected as Fellows of the Society :— Rev. H. D. Atkinson and Horatio Nelson, Esq. The Cuarrman having read the advertisement by which the meeting had been convened, called upon the Secretary to read the report. The Report for 1869 was then read. It was moved by Mr. Srepnens, seconded by Mr. Assort, and carried, ‘‘ That the Report be adopted and printed for circulation amongst the Fellows.” Mr. J. W. Graves moved a vote of thanks to Dr. Agnew for the very careful and elaborate Re- port he had drawn up, and he supported the motion by some eulogistic remarks on the services rendered by the Hon. Secretary. Mr. F. Assorr seconded, and the motion was unanimously agreed to. Dr. Acnew acknowledged the compliment and said he needed no thanks for what he had done ; he should at all times be ready to exert himself to further the interests of the Society. He referred to the testimonial which the last annual meeting requested him to procure, and reported that when he was in Melbourne, he endeavoured to select something to the value of the sum subscribed. The testimonial which he procured had been submit- 76 ted for the inspection of the Fellows, and had, he believed, given general satisfaction to the sub- scribers. The meeting proceeded to fill up the four vacancies caused by the retiring members of the Council, Messrs. Justin McC. Browne and A. G. Webster being appointed scrutineers. The following gentlemen were re-elected :— Ven. ARCHDEACON DaAvIsEs How. A. Kennercey, Esa. M. Atuport, Esa. J. W. Acnew, Esq., M.D. On the motion of Mr. Barnarp, seconded by Mr. Wesster, Messrs. F. Butler and H. Cook,. were re-elected Auditors of annual accounts. A vote of thanks having been passed to the Chairman, Mr. Gipuin expressed his acknowledg- ments, and regretted that the meeting had not been favoured with the attendance of the President, or some Vice-President, as he was of opinion that on these annual occasions there ought to be an address from the chair to the members, as was the case elsewhere. The meeting then terminated. (ars Roe Ore y. The Session of 1869 was opened on the 9th March, with a paper by F. Abbott, Esq., F.R.A.S., on the late ‘‘ Transit of Mercury over the Sun’s Disc,” and the following papers were read at the monthly meetings during the year :—‘‘ Remarks on the Geological Structure of Part of the North Coast of Tasmania, with special refer- ence to the Tertiary Marine Beds near Table Cape,” by T. Stephens, M.A.; “On the Manv- facture of Beet Sugar in New South Wales,” by James Barnard, Esq. ; ‘‘ Nobert’s test-plate, Moller’s Diatom type slide, and Modern Micro- scopes,” by F. Abbott, Esq., F.R.A.S., F.R.M.S. ‘Net fishing in the River Derwent,” by M. Allport, Esq., F.L.S., F.Z.S. ‘ Notes on the oc- currence of gold at Port Cygnet,” by T. Stephens, Esq., M.A. 7 Communications to the Secretary, by E. D. Harrop, Esq., F.R.M.S., of Launceston, on the development of the Fasciola hepatica (Sheep Fluke) and on the Phylactidium pulchellum (one of the confervoid Algz) were also read by permis- sion of the Council. The Annual Microscopical Soirée was held on the last evening of the Session, and as the Fellows had the privilege of introducing ladies, a very large number of visitors attended, who were both pleased and interested in the examination of the numerous objects collected for their inspection. The monthly Meteorological Tables have been recularly published, and copies of them forwarded to the Government observatories at Melbourne, 78 Sydney, Adelaide, Brisbane, Perth, Western Aus- tralia, and Wellington, New Zealand, from all of which places we receive similar returns. The published papers of the Society have been as usual forwarded to various scientific Societies and individuals in England, America. the neigh- bourimg Colonies and elsewhere, for which liberal returns have been received, especially from America, both from the Government and from the Smithsonian Institution. COUNCIL. No vacancy has occurred during the year. The required list according to Rule XXXII, as amended at the General Meeting of 1868, has been exhibited in the Library for the last fortnight. FINANCE. In last year’s Report the unexpected reduction of the grant-in-aid was referred to. ‘The neces- sary consequence of this withdrawal of £50 an- nually has been the contraction of a debt, as it has not been found possible to carry out stricter economy than has hitherto been exercised. Weare happy to say our income from subscriptions and arrears contrasts favorably with that of last year, and as Government (in response to an urgent appeal from the Council) has restored the £50 to our grant, we expect to see the debt very con- siderably reduced at the end of the current year. Although the Museum grant has been aug- mented by £50, we are sorry to say the ike sum has been deducted from the Garden grant. This is now only £400; a sum for which it is evident these extensive Gardens cannot be attended to in a manner satisfactory to anyone who takes the slightest interest in their proper maintenance. v9 Our total income (viz., Government Grant, £150 to Museum, £450 to Gardens ; subscrip- tions £150, and sale of plants, &c., £83 11s. 6d. ) has been £833 11s. 6d.; which, with £30 12s. in the hands of the Superintendent of the Gardens for payment of current expenses, and about £40 still due for subscriptions, will give a total of £904 3s. 6d. The total expenditure and habilities amount to £965 1s., leaving to our debit a balance of £60 17s. 6d. As will be seen by the Balance Sheet, the debt referred to consists chiefly of accounts due to the London Agents. Of these Messrs. Wheatley’s is the usual annual account for current literature ; the other is an old-standing account of Messrs. Orger and Meryon, of which we are happy to say one moiety has been cleared off during the last two years, leaving at present only £29 ds. 2d. un- aid. ; It is only fair to mention that the expenditure for the year (without considering previous habili- ties) has been kept within the income, as will be seen by the following figures :— Lon gan dl: Total Receipts from all sources 833 11 6 iiotat Expenditure 7.2) 2.10.0 483809 9.7 Balance Ose Ass aoe LU igh GARDENS. About 400 new plants have been introduced during the past year, embracing many of great interest or utility ; as Rhamnus utilis, from which is prepared the green dye of China; Carya tomentosa, White Hickory or Mocker Nut; Carya oliviformis, Pecan Nut; hea Assamica, Assam Tea ; 80 Dactylis coespitosa, Tussac Grass of Falkland Islands ; Frazximus pendula aurea, the Golden Weep- ing Ash; Jacaranda mimosceefolia, and Jacaranda mimosceefolia alba ; Dahlha imperialis, the tree Dahha which grows to the height of ten or more feet, and is said to be very beautiful when in flower, and Retinospora ericoides, from Japan. Several of the Coniferze have produced seed for the first time in the colony, during the year. The following are perhaps worthy of especial notice: —Wellingtonia gigantea, the mammoth tree of California; Abces Webbiana, the purple coned Fir; Thuja Lobbi; Junperus Langoldiana; Pinus muri- cata, pyreniaca, Monspeliensis, and Montezume. About an acre of ground has been trenched, and it is purposed to have it thrown open to the public during the ensuing autumn. Estimated number of visitors for the year, 22,033. MUSEUM. Additions have been made to the Conchological collection from various parts of Tasmania, espe- cially the East Coast. ‘To Dr. J. Cox, of Sydney, we are also much indebted for valuable contribu- tions. For the proper display of these and other specimens, which are continually increasing in number, additional case room is much required. For the exhibition of our stores of wet prepara- tions a considerable outlay (to which our funds are at present unequal) for glass jars and spirits would be necessary. Specimens of our Fauna, for exchange, have been sent to the Museums of Magdalen College, Cambridge, and Kentucky. Offers of exchange have also been received from some of the Con- tinental (European) collections. It is only due to 81 our former Secretary, Dr. Milligan, to refer to the valuable collection of Tasmanian plants presented by him, arranged and scientifically named by Dr. Hooker, of Kew. : As will be seen by the list of donations many additions have been made to the Geological Museum, all of which have been arranged in their appropriate sections; and the general collection has also received many specimens of Birds, Rep- tiles, Fishes, &c., with other objects of interest. Several skeletons of indigenous animals have been prepared, and will shortly be articulated and mounted for exhibition. The Museum has been visited by 12,960 persons during the year. This number is almost double that of any previous year—a circumstance to be attributed in a great degree to the interest excited. by the exhibition of the salmon smolts. caught in October and December last. OT ST ST6F -_—__ ___. tt 69° =e min da SCHMNOHOOMH OL FT O1Z SOSSORMNAOHOD | SOrFNHNAOnmH nao | oor ri bu “Soon ri onw re fos eS an) Be a Sed onrnr iar) al ..8 F ‘$000 AUNTH suonpny | TATLAL SIONV LE ‘OISL ‘page Arenaqe,y “4901109 punoy pure poyrpuy os OY ae e Suaprey oyuRjog [810], are = * aig -- “" spoeg 4 ot *$ ag % ** ssurpliMg 09 saredoyy tig Bi 5%: on 50 on os -- gortpung on no as Be a 3 “+ sqog TOMOT YT ae By ui oy on me ‘om ‘ALOSUOUTUOLT we oe ee ee oe ee ee oe OSVIO ST es oe os ue oe esvqisog puv A1st0Ty RIG a oe vs = SJULTT JO osvlaiwy pur JYySsoay ss ue a ee "+ O49Ip Jo atvdoyy pure s]OOL oO ve 2 ‘*SIOIMOQGVT PUB UVUIOIO\ JO Sas AL ap eg quepuszurtodng JO AIV[VO—SNAGUVY) OINVLO ie oH : "* WMESn TPIOL oe sh Of x ee ae oy ‘ALOSUOTIUOIT oe ee s. e* . oe yi) ‘saredoyy ‘SsuryqLiy ie i ae * SuaUTDEdg JO OSVIAIVD puUv JUSTOA ne uP bs “+ "Dap SOUTAA JO Sytatdg ‘toydurep ce ge a oN "* -yseg AWoq pur so1tpung ef ee ee e- ee «. oe qysry pur jon, T 50 Be an ne on ao 7) OWI LOPWAL — se ** suourtpoodg suravdord pur ‘jo osvyoing Re te + us oe aouvaInsSUT Jo WNT, “4 Oy ue a ss ** quepuo}ZV JO sosv Ad = ag om Sst ‘* Toywiny jo Arvepes—WaAAsA I oy OY so os ‘+ £JOTOON [VAOY TLIOT, Se ph: me ‘+ KTOMOTIVIG pure syoog—ArviqyT Zs SsUTpooo0rg pue srodeg SULIOAT[OP LOJ see ooten ag ** ‘qu00 ted G 4¥ OCT ‘poatooor suordyrosqng uo “WOTSST UU mog §s noroatt09 of ; ‘Oy ‘sqaoregy O5R4SOT a 2 w8 z ** ‘O” ‘“SUISTJMOApW ‘SULQUTII De ** — SJUSWINIYSUT [VOTSOTOION}OP\[—ALAINOG TVAOYY yoo fyurg rod sv “GOST JUNODOV UMRIPIOAO UO 4s0109UT an a we 30 oe ~ Be SORT LOY JUSTO} LYS Iod Sv ‘URE [VIOLOMIULOD JV UMBIPIOAO 9OURTE UU NA LIGNAd XH OT ST SI6F 9 TI &&¢ 0 0 O&F 0 0 OSE 0 0 OST 0 OL OL “8 we eee 9h aecr O}-SOmnTu oe oe ee ee _ TROL 7 a uo me ‘-anp suondraosqne we tr ay es Tea ** suopaey) orueyog. ‘quepuoqupiodng jo spuvy ut yseg Aq— ay a7 TeyOT, m0 as a “"4e poyeult}so ‘(poAToder Jou) qoqwooeq STE 04 yUN0ddB “0D ay AaT}VOY, MM ‘S&SSOJAT ‘+ uopuo'yT ‘HOLLOW DY LOSAIG “SASSOTT OF ON/P JUNODOV JO ooULT VE a 2 yurg jv soured UMVIpPIOAO OF — "Aq —'2)0 Ar YUL [VIOLOWULOD JV UMBAIPIOAO DIULTV|—'OJST “ULE IPL . ee “3 . stopIey) OIUL}OT [VIOT, x oe wig vs “+ AINSVOLT, WOT pre-ur-yuRiy ‘Op ‘qm ‘sqUeTd JO 918g JO Spood01g —SNACIV) OINVLOT, ** UMS AT [PIO a 30 Bit AINSVOLT, WOIJ PTV-UT-JULIH—WOGSD IAT 3 pe s ue ~ 4401008 [wAOyy [80], a0 an fr 50 - "* ON4Ip JO sivoIty ot a "* -SLOQUIOTT 69 WoIy sUOTIdIIOSqnY TenuUW ‘SLd IGOR "6981 ex ayn Of XLAIOOS TVAOU 24) fo spung oy2 fo [NAN ALVLS 85 BOOKS PURCHASED & PRESENTED DURING 1869. [Presentations marked thus.*] Anthropological Society, Memoirs of, Vols. 1 and 2. —, Works published by, in 1864- -5, 4 Vols. *_ Catalogue of Books in Library of, 1869. ee List of Fellows, 1867. *Anthropological Review. Nos. 2 to 22. From the Society. *________ Astronomical Register, Nos. 69 to 79. From F. Abbott, Esq. *______ Observations made at W illiamstown, Victoria, in 1861- 2-3, From Victorian Government. *Acid, Hydrofluoric, on, by G. Gore, F.R.S. From the author. Atheneum, The, Parts, 490 to 501, October 1868, to September, 1869. Arts, Journal of Society of, Vol. 16, Nos. 833 to 844, Vol. 17, Nos. 845 to 884. November 6th, 1868, to October 29th, 1869. Arts, Transactions of Society of, Vol. 16, bound, 1867-8. *Association, British, Report of, 1867, bound. *Agricultural Society of New South Wales, Journal of, Vol. 1, Nos. 6 to 12 ; Vol. 2, Nos. 1 to 4. From the Society. *Builder, The, Nos. 212 to 225. August, 1868, to September, 1869. *Boundary Line of New South Wales and South Australia, Determination of. By C. Todd, Esq. From the author. Botanical Works of the late Robert Browa. Vols. 2 and 3. *Botanical Discoveries in Australia. Pamphlet by W. Woolls, F.L.S. From Mr. 8. H. Wintle. *Beet Sugar, Manufacture of. MS. ByJ. Barnard, Esq. From the author. Conchologia Iconica. Parts 274 and 275 to 280 and 281. *Colonial Publications, viz., ‘‘ Derwent Star,” 1810; six Government orders, 1814 ; promissory note, value 3d., 1824, From F. A. Moore, Esq., Mangalor e, Bridgewater. *Catalogue « of Surgical Section, United States Army, Medical Museum. From Government of United States. *Exhibition, Intercolonial, 1869 (Sydney), Catalogue of. From J. Barnard, Esq. *Electrograph Pendulum, Description of. By L. R. J, Ellery, Esq., Mel- bourne Observatory. From the author. Florist and Pomologist, Nos. 11 to 22. November, 1868, to October, 1869. *Flora Capensis, Vols. Ms 2and 3. From Dr. Sonder, Hamburg. *¥Fossilen Mollusken. by Dr. M. Hornes. From ditto. *Fluke Sheep, The, on development of, by E. D. Harrop, Esq., F.R.M.S. From the author. Gardeners’ Chronicle, Nos. 45 to 52, November 7th to December 20th, 1868 ; Nos. 1 to 44, January 2nd to October 30th, 1869. *Geological Structure of part of North Coast of Tasmania, By T. Stephens, Esq., M.A. From the author. *Gold, on the occurrence of, at Port Cygnet. By the same. From the author. *Intelligencer, Walch’s Literary, monthly. Journal, ae Mechanics. Parts 44 to 55, November, 1868 to October, 1869 *Journals of House of Assembly, Tasmania, Vols. 5, 8, 12, and 16, From Government. *_______ of Legislative Council, Vol. 4. From ditto. Journal, Quarterly of Science, Nos. 21 to 24, January to August, 1869. Journal of Science, Silliman’s American, Vol. 46, No. 138, to Vol. 49, No. 143, *Law, Reign of, Argyle’s. From Dr. Milligan. Magazine, Country Gentleman’s, Vol. 1, No. 5 to9; Vol. 2, Nos. 10 to 12. Vol. 3 Nos. 15 to 16, November, 1868, to October, 1869. *Mining Surveyors and Registrars, Victoria, Report of 31st December, 1868, From Government of Victoria. Magazine of Science and Art (Sydney), Vol. 2, 1859. 84 *Meteorological Observations made at Hobart Town by F. Abbott, Esq., F.R.M.S., &c. Monthly Tables for 1869. = —____—_—— Port Arthur, from J. Boyd, Esq., ditto, ditto, ditto. — ——_——__—_ ——Swansea, from Dr. Story, ditto, ditto. —_——Westbury, from C. Belstead, Esq., ditto, ditto. —_—————-— from King’s, Island, Swan Island, Goose Island, Kent’s Group, Mount Nelson, and South Bruni. From the Hobart Towa Marine Board. *Meteorological Observations, New Zealand, printed tables January to Octo- ber, 1866: Report 1868 ; Observations 1868. From Government of New Zealand. ————______________, Brisbane, January to July 1869, monthly tables; Summary for 1868. From Government of Queensland. ——___________, Perth, Western Australia, ditto June to October, 1869. From W. J. Knight, Esq. -—_—__—____—, New Soath Wales, ditto, January to December, * 1866 ——_— —_—$ —<_—_—_ —_—_—_——-,, Printed tables 1865-6. From Government Observatory. *_________. —_______, Melbourne, ditto April to December, 1869, From Government Observatory. * —____________ , Adelaide, ditto for December, 1868. Natural History, Annals and Magazine of, Vol. 2, Nos. 11 and 12; Vol. 3, Nos. 13 to 18; Vol. 4, Nos. 19 to 22. Naturgeschichte, Archiv fur. No. 6, 1866: Nos. 4and 5, 1867. *New Zealand, Abstract Report of Geological Survey of, 1868-9. From N.Z. Government. *Nobert’s ae Plate, &c., by F. Abbott, Esq., F.R.A.S., F.R.M.S. From the author. *Net Fishing in the River Derwent, by M. Allport, Esq., F.L.S8., F.Z.S. From the author. *Proceedings of Royal Society, London, Vol 16, Nos. 95 to 104; Vol. 17. Nos. 105 to 113; Vol. 18, No. 114. From the Society. *__________ Royal Institution of Great Britain, Vol. 5, Part Ll, No. 45, Part 2, No. 46. *__________ Essex Institute, Salem, Massachusetts, U.S.A., Vol. 4; and parts 1 and 2, Vol. 5.—Naturalists’ Directory, No. 1. "American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Vol. 10, No. 76. ————- American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, U.S., Vol. 6. *Phylactidium pulchellum—-On growth and development of, by E. D. Harrop, Esq., F.R.M.S. *Report of Mining Surveyors, &c., Victoria, to 30th September, 1869. From Victorian Government. *_____of Registrar General, Victoria, December 1868 and March 1869. From ditto. *_ ,Annual, of Secretary of War, Washington, United States, 1866. ———On Epidemic Cholera, being Circular No. 6 of Surgeon General’s Office, Washington, U.S. —_——, Inaugural, of Cincinatti Observatory, June 1868. of Leeds Literary and Philosophical Society, 1868-1869. , ?th Annual, of Inspectors of Salmon Fisheries, England and Wales. From J. A. Youl, Esq. Student, The, Nos. 10 to 21, Nov. 1868, to Nov. 1868. *Society, Royal Geographical, London, Proceedings of, Vol. 12, Nos 2 to 5; Vol. 13, No 1, and slips of meetings. ——————————— Journal of, Vol. 37, 1867. *Society, Linnean, Journal of, Vol9,No. 40; Vol. 10, Nos. 41 to 45, (Zoology) Vol. 9, No. 44 ; Vol. 10, Nos. 45 to 48,—Vol. 11, No. 49, (Botany).— From the Society. ————,, Geological London, Quarterly Journal of, Vol. 24, Parts 2, 3, and 4,,Nos. 94 to 96; Vol. 25, Pt. 1, Nos. 97, 48. From the Society. ——_——_ —_—_——_—_ List of, 1868. , Royal Asiatic, Journal of, Vol. 3, Parts land2. From the Society. 89 #Society, Zoological, of London, Proceedings of, Parts 2 and 3, May to De- cember, 1867, March to June, 1868. : 5 ——., Index to Pr oceedings, 1848 to 1860. %; Boston (United States), of Natural History, Vols. 7 and 10, Vol. kK LL, Nos. 1 to 6. *_____. Royal, of N. S. Wales, Transactions of, Vol. 1. *Statisties of New Zealand, 1867 and 1868. From N. Z. Government. —— of Victoria for 1867 and 1868; general index to ditto, From Victorian Government. *Survey, Geological, of Victoria, Maps, 1 vol. From Sir Robert Officer. *Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States, Report for 1865. From the Institution. Contributions to Knowledge, Vols. 6. and 7. From the same. *Tasmanian Industries—Pamphlet by J. E. Calder, Esq. From the Govern- ment. *Transits of Venus in 1774 and 1882, Observations on. By G. B. Airey, Esq., Astronomer Royal. From the author. *Transactions of New Zealand Institute, 1868. From the Institute of Institution of Engineers in Scotland, Vols. 1 to 12 (1857 to 1868.) From the Institution. Ee of Philosophical Society of New South Wales, 1862-5. From the ociety. of Society of Naturalists, Hamburg. From the Society. Vertebrata, Structure and Development of Shoulder Girdle and Sternum in. By W. K. Parker, Esq., F.R.S. (Ray Society’s Volume for 1867.) * % LIST OF OBJECTS PRESENTED TO THE MUSEUM DURING 1869, WITH NAMES OF DONORS. Allport, M., Esq., F L.S., F.Z.S.—Gelatinous tube of Salpa, and small Crustacean found within it. From Adventure Bay. ‘Two fish, name unknown, caught at Wedge Bay. Aubin, F., Esq. ” A Sun-Fish ( Orthag goriscus sp.), from Spring Bay. Bennett, Dr.—A Crab from Sandy Bay. Bilton, HL , Esq.—A double head of Calf. Curious growth of root of tree. Barnard, J , Esq.—A Package of Seed of Sugar Beet for distribution, Speci- mens of Cinnabar ore “from the Cudgegong, New South Wales. Bomford, F. E., Esq.—Specimens of Fluke (Distoma sp.) from Liver of a Shark. Buckland, Mrs. J. R.—A Bullet from a double-barrelled gun, found loaded, on the 30th May, 1859, by the side of two skeletons belonging to the retreating party of Sir J Fohn Franklin’s expedition, in a boat on the west coast of King William’s Island, lat. 69deg. 8min., N., jong. 99deg. 24min., W. [Vide “Fate of Franklin and His “Discoveries,” by | Captain McClintock, page 294.] A portion of a Boat’s Ensign, belonging to the same expedition, left at the Northern Cairn, Cape Felix, May, 1847, and discovered May, 1859, by Lieut. Hobson, of Lady Franklin’s screw yacht Fox. A portion of the Riband of the Order of the Redeemer, of Greece, worn by the late Sir John Franklin. An Almond from the Convent Garden on Mount Sinai. Cox, Dr. J., Sydney.—Sixty-seven specimens of Shells. A large number of Shells from various parts of the world. Castray, L. R., Esq., A.C.G.—A letter in the New Zealand language, ad- dressed by one native to another, with translation, Six specimens of Woods from Madagascar. 86 Castray, Miss.—Leaves of Silver Leaf Tree, from Table Mountain, Cape of Good Hope; a Damara Lady’s Necklace, from Seuth Africa, Clifford, Mr. G. P., Dunedin.—Two Limestone Boulders (Septaria) from Moeraki Beach, New Zealand Dyer, Mr. R. T.—An albino variety of the Rosella Parrot (Platycercus eximius. ) Dear, Rev. RK. E.—Specimens of Iron Ore and laminated Quartz. A number a stone implements of the Aborigines ccllected by Mr. Rollings, of orcett. Dinham, Mr. G.—Two Fossil Shark’s Teeth from the Lias, near Bath, England. Edwards, Miss 8. P.—Specimens of Salpa found at sea on the passage from England. Eleven Copper Coins and Tokens. Exton, Mr. W., Oatlands.—An Owl (Strix castanops. ) Edgar, Mr. J. C., Sorell.—Seven specimens Land Shells. Ferguson, P., Esq.—A Letter of the Chetty Merchants (Tamils), of Southern India and Ceylon, with an explanatory note. Gooch, Mr. G, F.—A small Silver Coin. Gellibrand, W. A. B., Esq. —A female specimen of the native Tiger (Thylacinus cynocephalus). Photographs of Machinery in Leeds Exhibition. Gates, Mr., Jerusalem.—A Black Cockatoo. Glover, Mr.—Fifteen Geological Specimens from West Coast of Tasmania. Guichard, M. H., ship La Somme.—One Bronze Coin, five cents; one Silver ditto, five cents, Napoleon ITI., 1862. Garth, Captain.—An Albatross (Diomedia exulans.) Hannaford, S., Esq.—Specimen of Sipunculas from Corio Bay, Geelong. An Ostracion. Two Seeds of Trappa Bicornis from China. Heron, M. C., French ship La Somme.—Two copper coins, colony of Cayenne, Louis XVI., 1789. One ditto Republic of Berne, 1796. Hull, H. M., Esq.—A Key-hole Limpet; a Chiton; a Magpie Perch; a Malay Kris; three small Fish. Hedberg, Mr. Oscar.—A collection of Shells from East Coast of Tasmania. Holmes, Mr. F.—Portion of Skin of Whale tanned. Harrop, E. D., Esq., Launceston.—-Four mounted specimens of Sheep Fluke (Fasciola hepatica. ) Hull, J., Esq.—A Falcon (Falco melanogenys ). Johnston, W., Esq., Trinity Hill—A Boomerang and Waddie from Queens- land ; a Spear from New Hebrides ; a large Seed, said to have been taken from the stomach of a Barracouta; four Coins, and one Brass token. Jones, Mr. J.—A small Turtle from Lady Elliott’s Island. Kelly, Mr. J.— A Shilling of Queen Anne, 1707, and a Danish Coin, 1771. A Brass Basin (Indian). Knight, Mr. W., jun.—A collection of Geological Specimens brought by Mr. Glover from the western coast of the Island. Krefft, G., Esq., Sydney Museum, per M. Allport, Esq.—Five Bird Skins from King George’s Sound. Legrand, Mr.—Specimens of new species of Helix (Helix Allporti. Cox.) Two ditto of Bulimus Tasmanicus. Luttrell, Mr. G.—Shell impressions from Port Cygnet. Milligan, Dr., London.—Seven packages dried Tasmanian Plants, named by Dr. Hooker. Two ditto of Italian plants. Six specimens of Calymene Blumenbachii from Wenlock Shale, Gotland. Specimen of Esparto Grass, for paper making. McLaren, Mr.—A cluster of Barnacles from piles of wharf. Manley, Miss S. A.— Four specimens of Chamostrea from-Carlton beach. Maclaine, J., Esq., Clarke’s Island.—An Avocet (Recurvirostris rubricollis. ) Meredith, Hon. C., Esq.—Two specimens of Silver Fish from Prosser’s Bay. Meredith, Mrs. C.—Specimen of Australian Coot (Fulica Australis, ) McRa, Mr. H.—Three Geological Specimens from Bothwell. A stone implement of the Aborigines. Mitchell, Mr., Sandy Bay.—A Basket and Necklace made by Aborigines of Tasmania, 87 Maclanachan, J., Esq.—A Hen Golden Pheasant. A Pheasant (a cross between English and Chinese varieties.) One ditto. Maning, A. H., Esq.—A Sun Dial made and used by Spanish shepherds. Nichols, Captain T.—Skeleton of a Fish from Howe’s Island. New, Mrs.—A Brown Trout (Salmo fario) caught in the Bagdad Creek. Officer, Sir R.—A White Hawk. Propsting, R., Mr.—A Swamp Hawk (Circus assimilis. ) Peck, Miss.—-An English Barn Owl (Strix flammea), prepared and mounted. Rollings, Mr., Sorell.—A Jade Chisel from New Zealand. A stone implement used by Tasmanian Aborigines for skinning Kangaroo, &c. Ransome, Mr. R., Southport.—Specimen of Felspar Porphyry, and the ear- bone of a Whale. Ransley, Mrs.—A Lizard with double tail. Rossitor, Mr.—Specimen of the Maori Hen of New Zealand. An English Partridge. Three bones of foot of Moa (Dinornis sp. ) Roblin, Mr.—A Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus xanthonotus. ) Room, Mrs., Launceston.—A half Rupee. Roberts, Captain.—A Snake and three large Centipedes. Swan, J., Esq.—Skeletons of Forester and Brush Kangaroo. Swan, E. D., Esq.—Polished specimen of Fluor Spar from Derbyshire, England. Salmon Commissioners.—A Salmon Smolt caught in the Derwent. Stagg, Mrs.— Eight Limestone Fossils (Tasmanian. ) Stephens, T., Esq.—A Kingfisher ( Alcyone sanctus) from Southport. Swift, Mr. A. H., Little Taylor’s Bay.—Two specimens of Hematite from Point Ventinat. Swan, E. D., Esq.—Nest and egg of Epthianura albifrons from Cornelian Bay. Story, Dr., Swansea.—Skeletons of Wedge-tailed Eagle, Crane, Bandicoot, &c. Seymour Coal Company.—Slab of Shale with plant impressions, from Seymour Mines. Specimen of Coal from West Wanganui Inlet, New Zealand. Taylor, Mr. A. J., New Norfolk.—A Copper Coin of French Republic. Townsend, Mr. J.—Specimens of calcareous incrustations on roots of plants, from sandy beach at Pittwater. Thomas, Mr. W. J.—A large specimen of Native Bread (Mylitta Australis. ) Turner, Mr. H.—An Irish Penny, and a Sydney token. Wintle, Mr. 8S. H.—A vegetable impression in Shale from Mount Wellington (Endogenophylites Wellinglonensis. McCoy.) A cluster of plant im- pressions from Claystone. Fragments of Shale with impressions of plants, from New Town. Specimen of Pholas from Sandy Bay. A Gall Fly and nest ; also a smaller species with its larva. Seventeen named specimens of Tasmanian Coleoptera. Specimen of Cleithelepis from New South Wales, discovered by the Rev. W. B. Clarke. A mineral specimen from the Mudstone, Huon Road, Whitely, Mr.—A Silver Coin, 10 cents, Netherlands, 1849. Walch, Mr. J. H. B.—A Shilling of Queen Elizabeth; a Farthing of George II., 1741 ; a Copper Coin of French Republic (L’an 5); ditto of one of the Roman Emperors. Whitcomb, G., Esq.—Samples of Coal from Lambton Colliery, Newcastle, and Bituminous Shale from Hartley, New South Wales. A sample of Sugar Cane grown in Queensland. Wilkinson, F. B., Esq.—A Mountain Duck (Casarca tadornoides ). Williams, Captain.—Sample of Mineral Water, from Spring Bay. Tail of Tunny. Young, Mr, J.—EHight specimens of Crustaceans, 88 PLANTS AND SEEDS RECEIVED AT THE ROYAL SOCIETY'S GARDENS DURING 1869. February 10th.—From the , persoluta >, Plukenetii >, tetralix Erica tubiflora », vulgaris », Willmoreana Esculus rubro atrosanguinea Fraxinus pendula aurea Galanthus plicatus Galaxia Germanica Gentiana lutea Gesnera Princei Gossipium Sturti Habranthus Andersonil Hepatica angulosa Hoheria populnea Hydrangea japonica Ipomeea filicifolia Iris reticulata Ismene sp. Jacaranda digitaliflora digitaliflora alba Jasione humilis Jubzea spectabilis Lilium Takesume oe testaceum Linaria alpina . tripartita superba Lobelia Cardinalis Q. Victoria a5 fulgens purpurea Melicytus lanceolatus Merendera bulbocodium Mesembryanthemum Tegens Narcissus junceefolius Ornus rotundifolius Oxalis tropzeoleoides », valdaviana Passiflora Jumbo Pentstemon glabra “9 Lobbi Phenocoma prolifera Pithocolobium umbrosum. Pinus patula Pimelia diosmeefolia Plagianthus Lyalli Podocarpus dacrydioides Polygonatum verticulatum Prunus sinensis rosea Psidium album Retinospora ericoides plumosa Rhabdothamnus Solandri Rhamnus utilis Sagus rufiia Saxifraga Fortunii Scilla umbellata Scizostylis coccinea Sericographis Ghiesbrightiana Silene alpestris Solanum acanthocarpum Spireea umbrosa Swainsonia Greyana carminea Syringa Charles X. Taxodium Sinensis Terminalia Bellerieri Thea Assamica »> viridis Thujaopsis leetevirens Tydea venosa Ulmus campestris aurea variegata Ulmus Montana Vegeta >, sinensis aureus variegatus FERNS. Adiantum Cunninghamii Capis veneris formosum nigrum pubescens Aneimia fraxinifolia Aspidium molle aes, Sieboldtii Asplenium Adiantum nigrum attenuatum ebenum falcata flabellifolium flaccidum laxum trachominoides Blechnum Braziliensis gracile Cyathea medullaris S dealbata Davallia canariensis 5 Giberosa Diplazium Twaitsii Doodia aspera 3) bP) As caudata e caudata confluens Gleichenia microphylla Gymnogramma sulphurea Leptopteris hymenophylloides as superba 91 Lomaria Pattersonil s pumila Lycopodium czesium violaceum umbrosum Lygodium articulatum Maraltia salicina Niphobolus lingua rupestris Pelleea rotundifolia Platyloma falcata Polypodium angustifolium “3 elaucum oy paradasiaca vaceolens Pteris cretica 5, cretica alba lineata 3) japonica », Jongifolia 9) pinnata », rotundifolia 5, scaberula semipinnata Scolopendrium officinarum Trichomanes elongatum reniforme Zinniscium serratum TREE PONIES. Peenia Moutan Avocat Guillon 5, Cardinel Antonelli 5, Dyonidii », George Rollison >, Germanica 5, lactea 5, Mde. Guidebach de Raes 5, odorata plenissima 3, papaveracea fimbriata 3) papaveracea albo pleno 3, Professor Morren >, Wictoria Superba ROSES. Achille Gonad Alfred Colomb Alpaide de Rolatier Beauty of Waltham Countesse de Barbautaume Evéque des Nismes Francois Lacharme Heroine Vaucluse John Keynes La Duchesse de Morny Louis XIV. Madame Roussett Marguerite Bonnet Model of Perfection Prince Leon Princess Mary of Cambridge Princess of Wales Rushton Radcliff Souvenir de W. Wood. Senateure Favre PELARGONIUM. Belle of the Ball Fantastic Fair Rosamond High Admiral John Hoyle Magnet Rosa Bonheur Royalty Regularity The Prince GERANIUM. Arab Autocrat Beauty of Europe Clio Crystal Palace Gem Crimson Queen Cybister Dr. Hogg Enchantress Ephraim Excellent Gaiety Gloire de Nancy Golden Pheasant Jason Luna Legrand Mangle’s silver variegated Model Monte Rosa Prince Imperial Purple Queen Rival Stella Sambo St. George Triumphans 92 Triumph de Lorraine Waltham Nosegay FUCHSIA. Arabella Bland’s florabunda Conquest Diadem Favourite oi Fortune Lady Heytesbury Mrs. Gladstone Rose of Denmark VERBENA. Beauty Daylight Empress Ensign Eugenie Gipsy Queen Lion Hunter Mary Ann Miss Mary Law President Queen Victoria Ringleader DAHLIA. Andrew Dodds Angelina Bessie Chairman Constance Caroline Tetirell Chameleon Compacta Delicata Flower of the Day Golden Pheasant Grand Sultan Hebe Lady Derby Leopardess Lord Derby Lord Fielding Memorandum Miss Manners-Sutton Miss Turner Mrs. Crisp Mrs. Dodds Mrs. Piggott Mont Blanc Nora Creina Princess Radcliff Prince of Russia Purple Gem Queen Mab Queen of Whites Rosy Queen Summertide Sparkler Sir Greville Smythe Tiffany Viceroy White Standard Wonderful APPLES. Annat Scarlet Beauty of Wilts - Blenheim Pippin Bull’s Golden Reinette Coccagee Ingestrie Yellow PRINTED AT THE * MERCU 95 Lodgemore Nonpareil Magnum Bonum Nelson’s Codlin Nonsuch Paradise Pine Apple Russet Prizetaker Rick’s Nonsuch Rosemary Russet Striped Beaufin. PEARS. Bell de Bruxelles Kingsessing Trillington PLUMS. Early Prolific Guthrie’s Late Green Siegel’s Apricot STRAWBERRY. Cockscomb F. ABBOTT, Junr., OL ae RY”? STEAM PRESS OFFICE. Superintendent Rk. S. 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