ot Ree eg eine tetint see be che oheiigneedeal rine rails Haha tegehe buaeeN set? (aie p Ui sage arith at wincacoanetinse iegedabwusiescegeaurstenrdeiseed Joby ple tie detent Atha hair ae a ves — Anttsdh ata naheieete iababamtmmarmaiiat aisninad ms anh nde Aah es hot iaeteethatats taketh tans hts 2 enc oh etameeeaeaen bakin he td oleh : ¢ BOLLE LER MP NE BN IE EE ee NE: FE TOA ee ered hat erg ets arteries Me PEE hd oe eR ry Sel! z ae he Fear < one ie he Be ATES - to Stee Sede to) ee ee : - ; - > e * ~e? ° - ~ “ie in ieee ms ate ereketn otutet ohn ya - - . mie a /etese #42 Bh ee * row. ese of miagmtebe — es en -+- Ma ee = — - a2) sete at > . oe “4 s cea >*s ; or ~ n- * 9 — s im = 4 = é ~ “ ~ve , - s - Boov OO 1939 | | , | Hrbrarp of the Museum OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. | | | | | | AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS, |The gift of Koyy. Sowe7Ty oF JASMANA No. 63 82 WAY 19 191] yee “MONTHLY NOTICES OF Papers and Proceedings ROYAL SOCIETY TASMANIA ~ Tasmania t PRINTED AT THE MERCURY STEAM PRESS OFFICE, HOBART TOWN. — 18.7 5s MONEHLY NOTICES Papers and Proceedings OF THE ROYAL: SOGTETY OF CAS IVIGAEN TA Gasmania t PRINTED AT THE MERCURY STEAM PRESS OFFICE, HOBART TOWN. LOT 5. Contents, Proceedings for March, 1874 _ April, 1874.. Angora Goat, Mr. Pears’ tetter on ... see ne ee Note on Myiagra Plumbea, Vig. and Horst By Lieut. W: V. Legge, R.A., F.L.S., M.R.A.S. (Ceylon Branch) Some further Noi on the Introduction of the Salmon a Tasmanian Waters. By M. Allport, F.LS., F.Z.S., &c. On the Angora Goat. By J. Swan, M.H.A. Papers and Proceedings for June, 1874 35 9 July, 1874 Silurian Fossils, Tasmanian . Blue Gum, and Jarrah Woods, anon of Ter aio on Proceedings for August, 1874 Books, Presentation of American ... “3 ae ste Tertiary Basin, ao discussion on Mr. Johnston’s Paper on.. : ee Sa Notes on some Brecies of > aeaentind ainda ae Lieut. W. V. Legge, R.A., F.Z.S., M.R.A.S. Additional and pees lawns for the Tyansit ae Vane December 9th, 1874. By F. Abbott, F.R.A.S., F.R.M.S. Notes on the Physical and Zoological Relations between Aus- tralia and Tasmania. By the Rey. J. E. Tenison Woods, H1L.S., F-G.S., F.R.G.S., &e.,, &e: sree ae oe The Launceston Tertiary Basin. Second Paper by R. M. Johnston : : Proceedings for De ber 1874 Gardens, Botanic, The, hour of Closing Domain, Improvement of Proceedings for November, 1874 , Transit of Venus, Professor Harkness, U.S.N., on Be Further Notes on the Salmon Giperiiens By Morton Allport, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &c. Census of the Plants of Tasmania, uaciaeeal in 1875. By Baron Ferd. von Mueller, C.M.G.,M.D., PH.D., F.R.S.(1.) President, Vice-President, Council, and Gfienes Corresponding Members, list of Page. 65 .. 65 and 67 66 68 69 CONTENTS. Fellows and Members, list of Meeting, Annual General, Minutes of Report, 1874 Balance Sheet : Books received, 1874, list of Presentations to Museum, ditto «... Plants and Seeds received at Gardens, ait Ditto sent from Gardens, ditto Plants supplied for decoration of Public Placed aeene 1874 Ditto introduced into Botanic Gardens, ditto Meteorology of Hobart Town and New Norfolk, J Aes Ditto ditto, February Ditto ditto, March Ditto ditto, April Ditto ditto, May Ditto ditto, June Ditto ditto, July Ditto ditto, August Ditto ditto, September Ditto ditto, October Ditto ditto, November Ditto ditto, December Grrevty, Page 25.—Line 6, for “ Stipilurus,” read “Stipiturus.” Page 34.—Line 12, for “ Predom of,” read “the colour of.” Page 34.—Line 4 from bottom, for “ Presirostris’’ read “ Pressirostres.” Page 43.—Line 9, from bottom, for “ Paleozic,” read “ Paleozoic.” Page 45.—Line 5, for “ carinata, Sowerby,” read “ carinata Sowerby.” Page 45.—Line 10 from bottom, for “Jitoral,” read “littoral.” Page 46.—Line 11 from bottom, for “ Zygomaturu,’ read “ Zygomaturus.” Page 56.—Line 16, the fossil referred to as No. 60 was not figured. Page 61.—No. 15 should follow No. 14, and No. 14a should have been placed after No. 15, the figures referred to being so numbered in the lithograph. Page vil.—Line 3 below table, for “73°0°,” read “ 78°0°.” Page vii.—Line 5 from bottom, for “glanca,” read “glauca.” Page vii.—Line 4 from bottom, for “ serralata,” read “ serrulata.” Page xvi.—Line 9 from bottom, for “ 29°.22,” read “ 59;22°.” Page xvi,—Line 3 from bottom, for “mulbery” read “mulberry.” BARON VON MUELER’S CENSUS OF TASMANIAN PLANTS. ERRATA. Ce Page 74.—Line 47, for 2, read 24. Page 75.—Line 38, for “ Doncdichlam,” read “ Don dichlam.” Page 75.—Line 39, for “Thurb,” read “ Thub.” Page 76.—Line 8, for “ Billardierii,” read “ Billardieri.”’ Page 76.—Line 26, for “116,” read “111.” Page 76.—Line 38, for “ Billardierii,” read “ Billardieri.” Page 78.—Line 19, for “‘lessertifolia,” read “ lessertiifolia.” Page 78.—Line 30, for “ juvrn,” read “journ.” Page 79.—Line 2, for “ Billardierii,” read ‘‘ Billardieri.” Page 79.—Line 2, for “a,” read “a.” Page 80.—Line 22, for “ linarfolia,” read “ linariifolia.” Page 80.—Line 24, for “spathulata,” read “spatulata.” Page 80.—Line 43, for “ Billardierii,”’ read ‘ Billardieri.”’ Page 81.—Line 5, for “ ordorata,” read “ odorata.” Page 81.—Line 29 dele “‘ Pimelea.” Page 82.—Line 10, for “ belloides,”’ read “ bellidioides.”’ Page 82.—Line 41, For “ Personoides,” read “ persoonioides.” Page 83.—Line 7, for “ pappochromus,” read “‘ pappochroma.”’ Page 83.—Line 8, for “ Billardierii,” read “ Billardieri.” Page 83.—Line 35, for “ Casinia,” read “‘ Cassinia.”’ Page 83.—Line 42, for “ Leptorrhynchus,” read “ Leptorhynchus.’ Page 83.—Line 51, for “ leucopsidium,” for “ leucopsideum.” Page 84.—Line 22, for “ Japonipum,” read “ Japonicum.” Page 84.—Line 30, for “ hispida,” read “ hispidula.” Page 85.—Line 6, for “ Isotomia,” read “ Isotoma.”’ Page 85.—Line 26, (place Gunnii, &c., under exigua, &c.) Page 85.—Line 28, for “ Sebaeaovata,” read “ Sebeea ovata.” Page 85.—Line 47, for “ Billardierii,” read “ Billardieri.” Page 86.—Line 42, for “ sprengeloides,” read “ sprengelioides.”’ Page 89.—Line 45, dele “ Pterostylis.” Page 90.—Line 5, for “ Candatus,” read “ caudatus.” Page 90.—Line 8, for “ auctumnalis,” read “ autumnalis.” Page 90.—Line 19, for “ chiologlottis,” read “ Chiloglottis.” Page 91.—Line 25, for “ genpl,” read “ gen. pl.’ Page 93.—Line 15, for “ Pyrenica,” read “ Pyrenaica.” Page 94.—Line 11, for “ Billardierii,” read “ Billardieri.”’ Page 95.—Line 25, dele comma after “ Lycopodium.” Page 94.—Line 38, for “teratum,” read “ ternatum.” Page 95.—Line 29, for “ candata,’’ read “ caudata.” (Numbers on right hand side of page.) Page 78—For “309” read “ 302.” Page 78—For “ 229” read “ 299.” Page 79—For “343” read “ 243,” Page 79—-For “ 229, 234,” read “ 229234,” Page 80.—For “735,” read “725.” Page 81.—Line 15, for “ 698,” read “ 695.” Page 81.—For “716,” read “ 713, 716.” Page 82.—For “341, 346,” read “ 341—346.” Page 84.— For “ 465,” read “ 466.” Page 85.—For “484,” read “ 484, 485.” Page 86.—For “533,” read “533, 534.” Page 87.—For “624,” read “ 625.” Page 87.—For “ 625,” read “624.” Page 89.—For “3,” read “6.” Page 89.—For “51, 54,” read “51—54.” Page 90.—For “ 61—64,” read “ 61—65.” Page 90.—For “ 69,” read “ 69, 71, 72.” Page 91.—Line 6, read “126.” Page 91.—Line 9, for “134,” read “132.” Page 91.—Line 36, for “142,” read “140.” Page 91.—For “154,” read “143.” Page 91.—For “143,” read “144.” Page 91.—For “ 147,” read “148.” Page 91.—For “148,” read “149.” Page 91.—For “151,” read “152.” Page 91.—For “145,” read “146.” Page 91.—For “144,” read “145 ” Page 92.—Line 3, for “160,” read “161.” Page 93.—For “272, 272,” read “ 272, 274.” Page 93.—For “ 275, 277,” read “277.” Page 93.—Line 51, for “271,” read “ 276.” Page 94.—For “ 284, 275, 287, 290,” read “ 284—288.” Page 94.—For “353, 304, 305,” read “ 303—305.” PPONIEE.Y NOVICES OF Papers and Proceedings ey AL SGCIETY TASMANIA, March, April, and May, 1874. CONTENTS. page Papers and Proceedings for March, 1874 ... Pa Sa as ate sea ee I April, 1874 .. “ec ee ee a0 << ae 4 May, 1874 (no meeting) Biers ne Eo Se a ie 9 Note on Myiagra Plumbea, Vig. & Horsf. By W. V. Legge, Lee 2 Rays) Dig IS ie M.R.A.S. (Ceylon Branch. Wie 10 Some further Notes on the Pargdaenoe of the: ‘Salmon into “Tasmanian Waters. By M. Allport, F.L.S., F.Z.S.,-&c.,. &e.. <.. ae is mae pe = 12 On the Angora Goat. By J. ean MaHyAy 5 ox ae ods 7 ae cee 19 Meteorology for January, 1874 see a aa 46 Be ate i i. ¥. February, 1874... oy sas as scientific opinions, at a cost of many thousands of pounds, through several total failures, and ending at last in thorough and triumphant success ? But if the colony may fairly be congratulated on having succeeded in the grandest work of acclimatisation that the world has ever seen, and the full importance of which is yet but dimly recognised; the part that this Society has taken in the work ought never to be forgotten. Our published pro- ceedings will prove that the idea of the introduction of British fish had its origin amongst the Fellows of the Society ; that the subject was again and again discussed at some of our earliest meetings before the word acclimatisation was ever coined. That the Society strongly urged upon the Govern- ment the advisability of the attempt ; that the whole matter was reported upon by a committee appointed from amongst our Fellows, and lastly, that the Society has furnished the means of keeping a minute record of every stage in the under- taking, G 19 ON THE ANGORA GOAT. By J. Swan, M.H.A. [Read 14th April, 1874.] : Since I had the honor of addressing the Fellows of this Society, in the session of 1873, upon the subject of Angora Goat breeding, a paper has been published among the pro- ceedings of the Victorian Zoological Society, treating this question so ably, that I find a difficulty in adding anything to it. The writer, Mr. Samuel Wilson, has had exceptional oppor- tunities of observation, and he has adopted a most convenient mode of tabulating the results of his experience and of his calculations. When I first introduced this subject to your notice, my object was to exhibit, by the aid of specimen skins, the gradations by which a marketable Angora fleece can be attained, starting from the first cross between the Angora and the worthless common goat. Angora hair of the best quality is worth 3s. to 4s. per lb. ; the average annual yield, 4 lbs., or say 14s. per head. There is on the table a sample from the fleece of a pure goat, the property of Mr. Charles Clark, late of Ellinthorp. This animal carried 8 lb. 10 oz. of washed hair, which sold in London at 2s, 9d. per lb., the reason for the low price being the small quantity offered for sale. On the same occasion Mr. Clark sent hair from half and three-quarter bred goats, which was valued at about 9d. and 1s. 6d. respectively. The peculiarity of the Angora Goat consists in the character of its fleece. Nature provides all animals with clothing exactly suited to the climate and circumstances under which she intended them to live. For this purpose their skins are supplied with a covering of hair or fur, or a combination of the two. In warm climates the covering is light and cool, while in colder regions a warmer and more furry clothing is bestowed. The opossums and kangaroos of Tasmania, for example, have much thicker fur than those of Australia. Men have taken advantage of this natural arrangement, and after re- claiming various wild animals have cultivated those attributes which suited their own requirements. All goats in this climate will be found on careful inspection to bear a small quantity of silky hair near the skin, completely hidden from casual observation, by the coarse outward hair. This inner hair may be obtained in small quantities by combing. The Angora raised in a climate peculiarly fitted for the pro- duction of this silky hair, has been bred with a view to its 20 development. The best specimens have no doubt been selected for propagation, until the silky coat has been improved to a length of 12 inches, and the coarse hair has almost disap- peared. That all our fine wools have been subjected to a similar process of improvement admits, I think, of no doubt. Some think the preferable plan of starting a flock is to com- mence with a few pure goats, and trust solely to their increase. By this process considerable time must elapse before a large number could be raised, while by commencing with the com- mon goats you can obtain, by crossing in six years a valuable flock, only limited by the number of common goats procured as the commencement of operations. It is urged as an ob- jection to this system that you can never reach absolute purity. Theoretically this is self-evident, but practically you can eliminate every traee of base blood. By constant use of puresires, and by judicious selection, a standard would be reached at least as pure and as certain to breed true to type as that of the improved Leicester sheep, the modern fox-hound, or what we call the thorough-bred horse. All these animals have been raised to their excellence by human means,and bear but distant resemblance to the original founders of their families. Mr. Titus Salt raised a valuable flock in England from Angora sires and common goats, and I am informed that the best flock in America never contained a pure bred female. Still it is desirable that pure does should, if possible, be obtained as the readiest means of procuring the pure males, which are indispensable. It is well known that when animals have been bred from one strain for many generations their peculiarities become so fixed, that when they are crossed with others less pure, the progeny will most resemble the well-bred parent. Where both parents are cross-bred, the character of the progeny cannot be foretold, aithough I have little doubt that a fixed law is obeyed, where we see nothing but a capricious effect of chance. The trouble and expense of managing a flock would be less than that required for sheep. Goats are much more intelli- gent and less liable to destruction by dogs, and as they browse more upon shrubs, and can climb along the butts of sloping trees, or ascend the steepest rocks, a supply of food is available for them, where sheep would starve. Against these advantages, however, must be set the facts that kids are far more helpless than lambs, for the first week of their lives, and that the does exhibit the maternal instinct in a very mild form, wandering away from their kids and leaving them a prey to the crows, their most formidable foes. 21 I have observed that when the flock crosses a dead wood fence, where the kids cannot follow, the mothers do not always return to seek them, No ordinary fence will restrain goats, and as they are restless, energetic, and destructive, cultivation is not profit- able in their vicinity. Hawthorn hedges and ornamental shrubs, possess peculiar attractions for them. They have great attachment for home, and can be depended upon to return to their sheds at night. Shelter should be provided for them, as they evince great aversion to rain, and will remain all day under cover in wet weather. Angoras are not so prolific as common goats, and require more attention during the breeding season. Mr. Wilson adopts the plan of shearing twice during the year. Ido not think it would be advisable to do so in this climate. The flesh of goats in good condition has much the appear- ance of mutton, but is firmer in the fibre, and not, in my opinion, quite so palatable. The wethers accumulate large quantities of internal fat, which is remarkably firm and white, and should be a valuable tallow. The dry, heath-covered, hills on our eastern coast should provide sufficient food for goats, where sheep cannot be profitably kept. Gorse and briars are eagerly sought for, and hedges of either are kept carefully trimmed where goats have access to them. The chief reason why the sheep have from early days been preferred to the goats, is that the latter had no fleece to be shorn. The introduction of the Angora would remove that ground of preference. Ido not anticipate that goats will ever supplant sheep on the best grass lands of Tasmania, but I believe they will cause a good deal of land now idle and valueless, to be taken up and utilized in the production of an important article for manufacture or export. The skins now exhibited show very clearly how the silky hair increasing with each fresh infusion of Angora blood, dis- places the coarse shaggy covering of the common goat. The skin of a half-bred is covered with the two distinct kinds of hair in about equal quantities. The three-fourths Angora hasa fleece in which the silky hair attains a length suffi- cient to hide the common hair from sight, and the next cross approaches, in the best specimens before you, to the standard of the pure goat—the mohair being as fine and nearly as long, although not so abundant, as in the thorough-bred. 22 In some of these skins you will observe that a coarse hair of equal length to the fine is mixed through the fleece ; this isan undesirable quality, and arises from the use of goats with long coarse hair in the first instance. A great deal depends upon the judgment with which the original stock is selected. There is one skin here, which I exhibit as a remarkable instance of what is known as “ throwing back,” or a recurrence to the appearance of some remote ancestor. The goat from which this skin was taken had three-fourth bred sire and dam, yet it does not show any resemblance to an Angora, but is covered with hair as long and coarse as the mane of a lion. 1. METEOROLOGY. PRIVATE OBSERVATORY, Hopart Town. ——— JANUARY, 1874. Bar. 37ft abv ) sealevel,cor-| Self-registering Wind | rected and) Thermometers. if l reduced. eles |. 2 vi Sb B | a ae | 8 | 2 om ae sta 7 Bim | 2 S Et a 28/4 S | o 6 Perey |, =) | S eI eee ake Lt | =| cru} e | oe } 1 O% Sere See | es eile | S| 2 |, “Se 32 | si co; oo ak oO} 2 2) n 950 Oo = 7 | 2 |ai2 a g eo) ao] oe oe ies | ae) 5) Be Sire \e a! g AQ [iW | & 4 6 ;. Teo, (/RE Ee ee (ea | 1 30°133 30°029'78 58 115.5 40°0 SE 1°04 2} 30°017 29°961|70 54 |113°0 |40°5 NW SE 1°04 | 3|29°952|29°940)75/59 | 95:0 |37-0 SE 1°30 4) 29-915 29°885'69 56 |109°0 |35°5 SE 1:04 (0°43 5| 29°857 29°776 63.55 | 96°0 |33°5 SE ‘78 6 29°956 /29°924'72 50 |112°0 |35-0 SE 1:04 7,29°865 |29°806 77/56 |116°0 |36°0 NW SE 1:04 8/ 29-986 |29°941/77 56 |110°5 |36°5 NW SW 3°64 9} 29-971|29°931|75/48 |111-0 |37°0 NW SE 3°64 ; 10|30°134/30°107/71)45 |108°5 |36°5 | SW SE 1°56 | 11 30-167 30°089 77 49 110°5 40:0 NW SE 1°04 | 12/30 015/29°855/80 54 |104°0 |43°5 | NWSENE | 1:04 13 29°894 29°824 78 61 |115°0 |42°5 SE 3°42 | 14 30°131 30°090'76 54 110°0 40°0 SE 1°04 15'29°958 29°889|79 52 |114°5 |39°5 NW SE 3°38 | 16 29°865 29°761/78 60 |115 0 |42°0 SE | 1°30 17|29°559|29°367|71 59 | 78°0 |40°0 SE “52 0-62 | 18| 29-647 |29°585'69'47 |110°0 |38°5 SE NW 3°72 |0:07 19/30°046 29°918!76 59 |116°5 | 40-0 NW SE 1°56 | 20' 29-948 29-695 85 52 |119°0 |38°5 NW SE 1-04 21 29°891 29-752 80.59 114-0 |42°0 SENW | 364 22|29°726|29°669|73 51 |103°5 |39°5 NW | 8°33 23'30°082/|29°965 78152 |111°5 |39°5 | SE NW SE | 1°30 24 30°021 29°897|73 53 |109°0 |40°0 NWSE | 1:30 | 25|29°702 29°607 75 54 |109°0 |47°0 SE 1:30 | 0°01 26 29°925 29°860 68 51 |105°0 |43°0 NW 372) | 27'30°111|30°078 63 55 /119°5 | 40-0 NW SE 1°04 28 30°021 30°097 74.54 110-0 |48-0 NW SE | °‘78 /0°02 29 29°960 29°889 82:58 |114°0 | 45-0 NE SE 1°04 | 30/29°318 29°583 83/53 |115°0 |47-°0 NW | 1°30 | 31/29-887|29-782,70 52 |107°0 36°0| NW SW _ ‘13-02 Monthly mean| 66°77 109°60 40°00, Total Force...74°93 (1°15 29°900 } | y Barometer mean, 29'900in., being 0°156in. above the average. Temperature, mean, 66°77°, being 4:08° above the ditto. Solar intensity, mean, 109°60, being 1°58 above the ditto. Dew point mean, 52°6°, being 2°19° above the ditto. Humidity of air mean, ‘58°54, being ‘8°41 per cent. below the ditto. Elastic force of vapour mean, ‘384, being ‘011 per cent. above the ditto. Total amount of rain, 1°15in., being 0°42in. below the ditto. Increase of spontaneous evaporation on rain-fall, 2°‘98in. L Mean amount of ozone, 5°50, being 1°43 of chromatic scale below ditto. Electricity active all through the month, except on the 4th and 7th. an in all cases is taken from the sums of the three daily registers, and not from the maximum num. The me and minin The direction of the wind is registered from currents moving at a height of 192 feet and the force according to Lind’s Wind Gauge. The supposition, however, of a uniform velocity during the month is a very arbitrary one, and the results can be considered only approximately correct. A fall of snow on Mount Wellington on the 25th, and again on the 31st. Rain, with thunder, on the 17th. ome Mean daily amount of sunlight for December, 1872 and 1873, taken hourly for antici- pating clear weather at the transit of Venus in December of the present year, 75 per cent. The relations of the quantities cf rain which fell under the different winds are registered each evening at sundown. The 30 years’ standard tables are used for obtaining the difference from the average. ll. Leafing, Flowering, and Frniting of a few Standard Plants in the Royal Society’s Gardens, dvring the Month. 8th.—Apricots (Royal) ripening. 10th.—Veronica augustifolia in full flower. 10th.—Jargonelle pear ripening. 13th.—Grevillea robusta in full flower. 16th.—Catalpa syringcefolia ditto. 18th.—Black mulberries commencing to ripen. FRANCIS ABBOTT. The following are the results of the observations made at New Norfolk during the month :— Barometer mean, 29°946 inches. Temperature mean, 64°75° (in shade). Solar intensity mean, 99°93”. Elastic force of vapour, °406in. Humidity of air, °64. Dew point, mean position, °533. Cloud (0-10) mean, 3°81. Ozone, mean daily amount, 7°66. Rainfall, 1°25in. Evaporation, 7°5lin. Ditto in excess, 6°26in. W. E. SHOOBRIDGE. Valleyfield, January, 1874. ili. FEBRUARY, 1874. PRIVATE OBSERVATORY, Hopartr Town. Bar. 37 feet abv.sea level| Self-Registering Rain in inches. i) ow a corrected &| Thermometers. Wind. reduced. co) ; : 1 3 . 3 BIS | 4] 3 gf ans = ae = = bs on S mR Kale roo Sie Sle | 2 | 8 aS BS = @ % z e % |e So 3 2 ey | ‘ | & [mle | & | & Had 5 ‘ : 1|30°032|29°947)71/46 |111°0 | 42:0 NW 1:04 2)|29°813|29°676|69|52 |107°0 | 40°0 NW SW 20°84 3]29 992/29 -933167|44 |106°0 | 39:0 NW SE 1°30 4|29°632/29°420/83|50 |116°0 | 38°5 NW 3°38 5}29°530)29°416}75|50 |104°5 | 41:0 NW 18°48 6}29°587/29°548/81/56 |119 0 | 41:0 NW 5°46 7|29°538/29°483/84|62 |119°0 | 48-0 NW SE 3°64 8]29°715|29°622/80|50 |111°0 | 44°5 NW 1°04 9|30°015|29°978]74/48 |112°5 | 45-0 SW SE 1°56 10|30°086|30°034]75/48 |107°5 | 43:0 NE SE 1°30 11/30°248]29°419]70|50 |106°0 | 47°5 SE 1°04 12|30°230|30°073|80|47 |115°0 | 44:0 NW NE 1°04 13]30°053|29°891/91|54 |124°5 | 47:0 NW 1°04 14|/29°839|29°703/83)65 |105°0 | 48°5 NW SE 0 15|29°805|29°735|77|52 | 79°0 | 55-0 s 1°04 16/30°074|29°986|77|48 |104°5 | 46-0 SE 78 17|30°146/30°009]68|/48 |105°0 | 45:0) NW SE SW 78 18/30°101|30°004165|47 | 760 | 43°5 SW SE 52 19/30°137/30°128|65|47 |106°5 | 44°5 SE 1°30 20|30°184!30°154/62)50 | 88°0 | 29:0 SW SE 78 21/30°218|30°193]67|50 |102°0 | 46°5 NW SE 52 22130°232!30°141173/53 |109°0 | 49°5 NW ‘78 23/30°055|30°017|77 50 |109°5 | 42°0 NW SE “52 24/30 140|30°081]70'55 |102°0 | 42°5 SW SE 8°33 25130°239|30°229|66 47 |102°0 | 44:0 SES SW 1°56 26|30°293|30°271169 47 |105°0 | 41:5} NW E SE ‘78 27|30°029|29°725|81/49 |116°0 | 44°0 8°3 28|29°665|29°454 79/57 Monthly mean|63‘17 29-933 NW 89°5 | 475} NW SW 10°41 106'0 |44°60|/Tota] Force ..!97°59 i 0°04 2°26 Barometer mean, 29°933in., being 0°091 above the average. Temperature mean, 63°17°, being 1'06° above the average. Solar intensity mean, 106°0°, being 1°60° below the average. Dew point mean, 48°2°, being 2°31° below the average. Humidity of air mean, 61°22, being 8°78 per cent. below the average. Elastic force of vapour mean, ‘361, being ‘014 per cent. below the average. Total amount of rain, 2°26in , being 0°73in. above the average. Increase of spontaneous evaporation on rainfall, 1°95in. The mean in all cases is taken from the sums of the three daily registers, and not from the maxi- mum and minimum. velocity during the ered only approximately correct. red from currents moving at a height of 192 feet and the force , however, of a uniform The supposition , and the results can be consid The relations of the quantities of rain which fell under the different winds are registered each The direction of the wind is registe evening at sundown. according to Lind’s Wind Guage. month is a very arbitrary one Mean amount of ozone, 5'5, being 1°67 of chromatic scale below the average. Electricity active all through the month. Mean amount of sun-light for the month of December, taken hourly in the years 1872 and 1873—75 per cent. FRANCIS ABBOTT. The 30 years’ standard tables are used for obtaining the difference from the average. Leafing, Flowering, and Fruiting of a few Standard Plants in the Royal Society’s Gardens during the month, 8th.—Kerry Pippin commencing to ripen. 10th.—Windsor Pear ditto ditto. 16th.—Bon Chretien ditto ditto. 18th.—Greengage Plum ditto ditto. 25th.—Common Ash commencing to shed seed. 28th.—Common Sycamore ditto ditto. iv. The following are the results of observations made at New Norfolk during the month : Barometer mean, 29°995 inches. Temperature mean (in shade), 62°32°. Elastic force of vapour, °372in. Humidity of air, ‘67. Dew point, mean position, 50°05. Cloud (0-10), 5°16. Ozone, mean daily amount, 7°78. Rainfall, 1°67in. Evaporation, 4°99in. Ditto in excess of rainfall, 3°32in. Valleyfield, Feb., 1874. W. E. SHOOBRIDGE. MARCH, 1874. PRIVATE OBSERVATORY, Hosart Town. Ye. S85) he Bar. 37 feet 3 =a © abv.sea level, Self-Registering | | =e 2 ® corrected &| Thermometers. | Wind. ba Z rt | cs reduced. | | =| cae = |o 6 wm | | 8 z >) ts 2 = aie | 8 a | Bush | Ge UNGER ies 2 |S atl | | n Sb Hera A 5 go re g > iy 2 = epee = Direction from =& ies Br elie ne Beet gfe: S| threedailyre;go | 4 |S <8 & | B Be Wolo. pe #2 gisters. [Bs | ee at ee | e jaio | oa 2 | 62 a ia See P>| “an See sey z | aS 3 sa°OS & Blige | o. aS Vaeae 8 | iS a. | ee eee wal iT In lies a ° Tah ° yy ae | are 2 S23 = n. | | | | Fe as 1)29°934 29.919 7045 |102°0 | 395 NW NENW | 3°64 S g3a8 ie 2/30°081 30°041 7651 1050 | 470 WNW 3°64 | Sy. sae 3/30°159 30°117,75 45 |106°0 | 425 NW SE 1-04 2 aah el = 4 30-144 30°130 70 55 | 895 | 40:0 NWSE 78 i> e232 & 5 30°174 30°055 67.55 | 14:0 | 43-0 SW ESE 52 | bd. | cep 6 29-974 29-971 6453 | 715 | 43°0 SE 52 040,6 Bae 2 730-265 30°176 67 50 | 97°0 | 38°5 SE 78 eo! VE Bue 8/30:282 30°253 78 52 |102°5 | 33:5 NW SW SE 52 I g2o 8 9)30-246 30°11175 47 1160 | 330 NWN 78 3s 202 9 10|30°065 29°878 80 57 |109°5 | 39-5 NENWNE | ‘52 ©.) nal pee 11|29-902 29°770 89 62 |117°0 | 48°0 NW 78 |005(S Fama a 12|29-675 29°641/80 60 |117°0 | 47:0) NWSE 1:04 6) Be aoe 13/29°718 29°638 79155 |110°5 | 410, NWSE "78 | 2 2? 14 29-654 29-607 7454 | 95°0 | 40:0. NESE 26 7 Een 15|29-855 29-769 70 52 | 98:0 | 385, NW SE 5 a Hea E 16|30°082 30°052 75 45 |106°0 | 305, NW SE 78 | So eee 17|29-929 29°752 78 52 111-0 | 36°0 NW 104/001; 2232 8 18|29°686 29°580 7150 | 94:0 | 37:0 NW W 5°20 010| qf Boa 19|29°791 29-790 69 46 100°0 | 37°5 NW 1°30 a @ oe ie 20|29°828 29°736 77 54 102-0 | 30°5) NW 1°56 Bo) ia ete 21|29°741 29°697 78 55 |107°0 | 40:0 NW 52|0°41) 9 wag 3 _ 22'99-982 29°949 78 50 | 80°5 | 40°5. SE 130 /047/S soy 23/30-014 29-982 7148 | 78-0 | 38:0) SE 26/004) a Soa § 24/30221 307195 73 42 | 99:0 | 37:5) NW W SE 26 Bd ie eee ane 25/30°475 30°439 69 42 |100°0 | 38:0 NW SE 1°19 2 E22 2 96|30°437|30°155 7145 | 985 | 410 NW NE 52|002|5 *2°o 3 27|29-915 |29°877/68 55 | 70°0 | 54:0 NW SE ‘26 =Wcpeh 2S 28/30°165 30129 65 51 | 93:0 | 50-0) SE 1°04 *. #48 ag 29/30-295 30159 76 48 |105°0 | 445 NWSE | 104/006)48 24S 88 30/30°753 30°683 68 50 | 71:0 | 47:0) SE E NE 78 5 325 32 31/30°550 30°406 69 51 |100°5 | 50-0 NW "52 fe & we aa ee Se ee |e |——-- | _| —<———$—_____ — = “a OW am Monthly mean| 62°48 97°60 41°10, Total Force 34°21,1°46; 28 2 sae ee 30025 ~—s | | Jo Bes Eis 3 om — Barometer mean, 30°025in., being 0'148in. above the average. Temperature mean, 62°48°, being 2°56° above the ditto. Solar intensity mean, 97°60°, being 5°90° below the ditto. Dew point mean, 50°08", being 0°86° above the ditto. Humidity of air mean, ‘66, being “05 per cent. below the ditto. Elastic force of vapour mean, ‘373, being ‘016 below the ditto. Total amount of rain, 1°46in., being 0°14in. below the ditto. Increase of spontaneous evaporation on rain-fall, 1°34in. Mean amount of ozone, 6°00, being 1°11 of chromatic scale below the ditto. Electricity active all through the month. FRANCIS ABBOTT. The 30 years’ standard tables are used for obtaining the difference from the average. Vv. Leafing, Flowering, and Fruiting of a few Standard Plants in the Royal Society’s Gardens, during the month. 9th.— Tips of Hornbeam commencing to turn brown. 17th.—Coe’s Golden-drop Plum ripe 18th.—Seckle Pear commencing to ripen. 20th.—Tips of Elm commencing to turn yellow. 22nd.—Horsechestnut leaves turning brown. 25th.—Ash leaves commencing to fall. 28th.—Oak leaves ditto. Acorns ripe. The following are the results of observations made at New Norfolk during the month : Barometer mean, 30°060 inches. Thermometer mean of three daily readings, 61'‘96deg. ; max. and min. in shade, mean, 61°19 ; max., 84; min., 41. Dew point mean temperature, 54°8. Elastic force of vapour, °423 inches. Humidity of air, ‘77. Rainfall in inches, ‘99. Evaporation, 4°48 ; in excess, 3°49. Clouds, 6°41; scale, 0-10. Mean daily amount of ozone, 7°51. APRIL, 1874. W. E. SHOOBRIDGE. PRIVATE OBSERVATORY, Hopart Town. Bar. 37 feet 7 2.4 3 abv. sealevel| Self-Registering Wind 5 & $ corrected &| Thermometers. me: omeiace reduced. < Baits! 2 3 a= 2 age 3| 3 g Bi elias AO Sid . Ss £o 5 : g Smo £ a aja | ¢ Sy So # ei (Ca ame oe ala | & Hb aeta | 888 e & ° Sid q =| 4 = & & =] “ or) py S& o Fl os melee hl: ieee go |. |i S's lenis s| 8 | 2 [3ie| 8 | 2 B8s |cs|2 18 wes & RS 2 |s\o] 4 2 o4 S519 oS erstiecianwen Pe 6 iE) 2 | & Sm Sc Nt an ey oh: i ae AA | A Fa]; es] a A fe {ra | Becta euaeiek 2 T Eh ES Pe na a > 2 3 n. n. ° e 4 on ae oO 1/30:065|29°902 68'56 | 78°0 | 52-0 SE 0° |0°65 | a es ge = aan 2|29°710|29'592'69|57 | 79-0 | 55-0 NW 52/050; > SR 3 & 3]29°684|29'°647|69|49 | 85°5 | 500 ESE NE 0 {oll | 3S 2 2 3 4|29°514|29'317 68/48 | 97°0 | 445 NW WNW [1871 |005;% wPs BS o 5|29°472)29°327|66\49 | 92:0 | 465) NW W_ |13°02 3 ee» 8 6|29°615|29°530/71|/50 | 99°5 | 47°5 Ww S126)/004). 5 Ses a 7|30°184|30°160 68/50 |104°0 | 48°0| NW SE 52 Sa wie eeo ans et 8]30°276/30°253'78 45 |110°0 | 41:0) NWSE "bz tee 4-0 ee 9|30°244/30°069 82 45 |106°5 | 41:0) NE NW HOMO OS te) les eins hese 10|30°228/30°165 74 50 | 85°0 | 45:5 SE 26 6 fae" 2 11/30.184/30°082 75/50 |100-0 | 47°0| NW ESE “52 3 O98 4 12|30°049|29:947 '77|57 | 95°5 | 47-0| | NWSE s2iou|3 “aS o & 13|29°747|29-622 68 53 | 72°0 | 49°0| NW SE NE | 26 2 228 8 14]30°121|29'912 63/46 | 86°0 | 39°5, NW NE SW | 1°04 ae a a 15|30°186|30°142 60/35 | 79:0 | 30:0| NW NESE | 26 Ss oat S 8 16|30-153/30°115)/70\41 | 95°0 | 385] NW NESE | 26 |001/5 8&5 * 4g 17|30°058|29'921'65|45 | 85-0 | 42-0 NW 78 Of Sse es 18|29°977|29'946 71/52 |102°5 | 470, NW _W ‘78 Se sere tae ee 19} 30°092|30°033 71/45 | 96°0 | 40°0 NW 1:04 5 2aefa og 20|29°945|29°703 67/46 | 91°5 | 42°0 NW 1°04 4 md5 8 8 21/30°138|30°09267|46 | 95°0 | 40:0, NW SE 26 2) 2g ee 22) 30°106|29°855 72/49 | 95-0 | 37°0 NW 572 |018|2 s3° 3 os 23|29°662|29°567 68/55 | 77°5 | 52°5 NW 28600812 BER o 8 24|30-044|29°956 65/42 | 91:0 | 37°5 NW 1°56 3, OF pik oo 2530°267|30'200|71/43 | 96°5 | 39°0| ENWSE 52 Sta, ts Sa 26|30°452|30°430'66/44 | 82°0 | 39°0| NWSE 52 d3 sag s - % 27|30°433|30°402|61/50 | 80°0 | 46°5| SW SE 0 af adp 3s # 28|30°333|30-224|60|50 | 62°0 | 43°0| NWE 0 Se 208 88 3 29/30 220/30-180/58/48 | 63°5 | 45°0|) NW NE 0 ag SS> Be s 30) 30°183|30°033|73|/49 | 94:0 | 405) W NW 26 os £ Mo 339 a te Monthly mean'59-00 | 89°18|43°77) ‘Total force 69°01|195|68 BSS O38 & 29'996 Sy 68. .s in n‘n‘n+£¢§+n¢§n€n§n+n+n§ a a —_—— Vi. Barometer mean, 29°996in., being 0°115in. above the average. Temperature mean, 59:00°, being 3°67° above the ditto. Solar intensity mean, 89°18°, being 2°56° below the ditto. Dew point mean, 49°5°, being 2°33° above the ditto. Humidity of air mean, ‘71, being ‘05 per cent. below the ditto. Elastic force of vapour mean, ‘355, being ‘026 per cent. above the ditto. Total amount of rain, 1°¥5in., being 0°18in. above the ditto. Increase of spontaneous evaporation on rainfall, 0°48in. Mean amount of ozone, 5‘0, being 1°85 of chromatic scale below ditto. Electricity active on 23 days, feeble on 6 days, and nil on 2 days. A strong force of N.W. wind on the 4th, 5th, and 6th, varying from 2°60lb. to 15°62lb. to the square foot ; or with an approximate speed of 43 feet to 24 feet persecond. On the 8th, a strong blush-coloured Aurora from S.W. toS.E., with an altitude of 70°. FRANCIS ABBOTT. Leafing, Flowering, and Frniting of a few Standard Plants in the Royal Society’s Gardens, dvring the Month. 10th.—Coe’s late Plum ripe. 16th.—Elm leaves commencing to fall. 18th.—Chinese Chrysanthemum commencing to flower. ¥7th.—Mountain Ash leaves commencing to fall. 28th.—Black Mulberry leaves commencing to fall. 30th.—Seeds of Hornbeam ripe. The following are the results of observations made at New Norfolk during the month : Barometer mean, 30°019in. Temperature, mean of three daily readings, 57°15° Maximum and Minimum Thermometers (in shade) mean, 56'3°. Maximum Temperature in shade, 74°0°. Minimum Temperature in shade, 39°0°. Dew point mean temperature, 53°05°. Elastic force of vapour, “403in. Humidity of Air, ‘86. Total amount of Rain, 1°41in. Evaporation, 2°18in., being ‘77in. in excess of rainfall. Extent of cloudy sky, 5°75 (Scale 0-10). Ozone, mean daily amount, 7:0. Valleyfield. W. E. SHOOBRIDGE. mPONTHLY NOTICES OF Papers and Proceedings ROYAL SOCIETY oS MCA NERA, Fune, Fuly, and August, 1874. CONTENTS. page Papers and Proceedings for June, 1874 _ _.... sae “ss ace one Ste nA 23 es 3 July, 1874 sop Std oct ae aa: xe 26 - August, 1874 . soe Boo aes 66 506 nos 28 Notes on some species of Teena ea Birds. “By Lieut. W. V. Legge, R.A., F.Z.S., M.R.A.S.. 31 Additional and Corrected Elements for the Transit of Venus, December oth, 1874 By F. Abbott, F.R.A.S., F.R.M.S. 37 Notes on the Physical and Zoological Relations between Australia and Tasmania. By the Rev. J. E. Tenison Woods, F.L.S., F.G.S., F.R.G.S., &e., &c. ... 42 The Launceston Tertiary Basin. Second meer by R. M. Johnston. or dst 53 Meteorology for May, 1874 vil. ae June, 1874 vill. July, 1874 ... x. os August, 1874 U0 se 560 aed oe 506 xi. “ September, 1874 ... ate a aa oc nas ae Reel EXIT. TASMANIA : PRINTED AT THE ‘‘MERCURY” STEAM PRESS OFFICE, HOBART TOWN. 1874. “ és > . rl - ‘ j or » — Cd i - i _ . Woes ; - if . fe ‘ a eae IBY. “e 7 SY a I ? bs # - re Ast ed 4 = a ~ } ‘ " # ¥ a ‘ ude fi a, bd 4 ‘ 4 a By £ ; F i , hs La f Dy od waka ) Le > . aes - a ‘ ‘ ' b : \ ” ‘ ; Ane : 7 + ’ = a . “ < « r x - * - : 4 . e's ; = E;} =o ; ah e +s es name Ris ie secre ie a = ea 7 et ; ; ia = - < Pee, 5 wee are LU . i lg 1" i D | r ? 2 7 if gh ” ry reat pe fe 5 ah FEO ed a baa e % 4 . i * & re , te” Ye n et ¥ d ~ i Ae * ‘ < hi he nN at ee Sap iets et da eS ohh ae is a cate tg Dr a et an ek? ca a] ui ae a . . * a jis ~ 2 os oye 2 “i ' » » e ls ; ; y 7% a ai i f a P s ‘ 22 le id en f | ee parry Y $e Te rhe ‘S aef ees it alt ve sxte ‘oid J Ni ava Pras) 14 . ae yee ae ns wae <* see wis APRONS. ort ek ee eee bE IB: 29 JUNE, 1874. The usual monthly evening meeting was held on Tuesday, the 9th June, J. Barnard, Esq., in the chair. The following new members were ballotted for, and declared duly elected, viz., E. Shoobridge, Esq., E. H. Butler, Esq., and Miss Cowle. The SECRETARY submitted the usual returns for the months of April and May, viz. : . Visitors to Museum, April 1074, May 839. . Visitors to Garden, April 3472, May 3014. . Plants and seeds received at Gardens during April. . Time of leafing, &c., of a few standard plants in Botanic Gardens. Books and Periodicals received. . Presentations to Museum. Meteorological Tables— 1. Hobart Town, from F. Abbott, Esq.—Tables for April and May. 2. New Norfolk, from W. E. Shoobridge, Esq.—Ditto ditto. 3. Swansea, from Dr. Story.—Ditto February and March. 4. Melbourne, from R. J. L. Ellery, Esq.—Ditto for December 1873, and January and February 1874. 5. Sydney, from H. C. Russell, Esq.—Ditto for January. The Presentations to the Museum and Library were as follows :— 1. From Mr. 8S. H. Wintle.—A collection of mineral specimens from Mount Bischoff and Mount Ramsay ; also a specimen of crystallized Carboniferous Limestone, from the back of Mount Nicholas. [Accompanying these presentations were two explanatory notes from the donor. | 2. From Mr. J. Barwick.—An Albino variety of the common Opossum. 3. From Mr. Weeding, Oatlands.—A Native Devil. (Sarcophilus ursinus. ) 4. From Mr. Cox.—An Albino variety of the Quail. [Another bird of a perfectly black colour was shot from the same covey, but very unfortunately was not sent to the Museum. ] 5. From Mr. B. Sarsfield.—A Kingfisher. (Alcyone azurea. ) 6. From Mr. Laughton.—Samples of an umberlike substance, occur- ring in great quantities at Cascades. (With a note.) 7. From Mr. Calder.—A specimen of lithographic stone, from Bruni Island, with a drawing and an impression taken from it. (With a note. ) 8. Specimen of a long thread-like worm, probably aspecies of Gordius, found three feet from the surface in digging a drain in moist ground, at the Horse-shoe{Bend, Jerusalem Road. [This specimen, which was living when received, measured 2ft. 3in. in length, its thickness being about equal to that of fine whipcord. ] 9. From Mr. C. H. Hall.—Sample of tin ore from the Mount Bischoff Tin Company’s ground. 10. From the Hon. John Lord, Esq., M.L.C.—A fine sample of angora goat hair, from animals bred in the colony. 11. From Dr. Agnew—A series of eleven diagrams of natural history, mounted on rollers ; Gould’s *‘ Handbook of Australian Birds,” 2 vols., bound; Lyell’s ‘‘ Elements of Geology,” 1 vol., bound. 12. From L. R. Castray, Esq.—A specimen of dolomite from the Government Quarry, Park-street. 13. From Lady Dry.—T wo fossil Hchinodermata and three specimens of nummulitic limestone from Egypt. [The Secretary mentioned that Lady Dry had herself picked up these beautiful specimens at the base of the Great Pyramid, and had forwarded them direct from Malta. ] > OU 99 DO 24 14. From Mr. J. Bidencope.—21 silver,and 21 copper coins,2 American ‘* Greenbacks.” 15, Head of a Parasitic Worm (Scolex of Tetrarhynchus) found in the Flathead, and mounted for the microscope by Mr. H. Button, of Launceston. The Secretary, after remarking that this specimen had been given him for presentation a few days previously by Mr. Stephens, proceeded to read some remarks upon it, from a Launceston paper, by Mr. Button and Mr. Harrop. (The object itself was placed under a microscope on the table for observation. ) 16. From Mr. W. E. Shoobridge, Bushy Park.—Three stone imple- ments of the aborigines. One of these is a remarkably fine specimen. They were found on the Bushy Park estate, about 20 inches below the surface of the ground. 17. From the Rev. E. P. Adams, Deloraine.—A Parasitic Fly. Habitat unknown. The Secretary read a letter from F. W. Hutton, Esq., the Curator of the Otago Museum, New Zealand, offering a skeleton of Dinornis elephantopus in exchange for some of our mammals and birds. [A speci- men of this species of ‘‘ Moa” would be of such value to the Museum, and of such general interest, that residents in the country, whether members of the Society or otherwise, are earnestly requested, if they have it in their power, to forward to the Museum some of the animals required, such as native tigers, devils, kangaroos, wallabies, opossums, kangaroo rats, bandicoots, birds, &c., &c., &c.] A letter from C. Gould, Esq., F.G.S., enclosing the following from Dr. Giinther, was read :— ‘* British Museum, Zoological Department, “°C. Gould, Esq. ** March 6th, 1874. “*My Dear Sir,—-What you told me the other day about a Seal being found in an inland freshwater lake of Tasmania, has interested me very much. I trust you will succeed in obtaining specimens. It is impossible to conjecture whether the species is identical with, or different from, any of the Seals found in the sea. Tosettle this point satisfactorily, it would not suffice to examine the skin only of an individual ; but, if possible the skins, skulls (or better all the bones) of a male, female and young one should be obtained. ‘There is nothing improbable, whatever, of a Seal occurring in an inland freshwater lake in Tasmania. From the analogy of the distri- bution of the Faunas in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, the appears to be extremely probable. In Lake Baikal in Siberia, a Seal exists in great abundance, which is thought to be identical with the common Seal of the Northern Coasts (Phoca vitulina). The same species inhabits the Caspian Sea. ‘* A writer on Geographical Distribution of Animals has lately gone so far as to propose to travellers in Central Africa to look for Seals in the great lakes of that country ; this idea, of course, is as ridiculous, as to look for coals in granite, ‘* T remain, ‘* Yours very truly, ‘* A. GUNTHER.” Mr. GRANT observed that some conversation had taken place at a former meeting of the Society as to the probable existence of a large animal, whether seal or otherwise, in Lake Tiberias. Since that time he had had many opportunities of making careful enquiries of people working close to the Lake, and he felt convinced that no large animal existed there. He had offered fifty pounds as a reward for the discovery of any such animal asa Seal, &c., but no one had hitherto claimed the 20 reward. He had no doubt that the noises heard on the Lake, and the objects which had been occasionally noticed, were due to the presence of the Musk Duck. A paper on ‘‘Some species of Tasmanian Birds,” by Lieut. W. V. Legge, R.A., F.Z.S., M.R.A.S., was read. The species described were Pezoporus formosus, (Swamp Parrakeet), Stipi/urus malachurus (Emu Wren), Lohbivanellus lobatus (Wattled Plover), “gialites monacha (Hooded. Dottrel), Fulica Australis (Australian Coote), and Phalacrocorax melan- oleucus. (Little Cormorant.) Mr. F. Apgorr read a paper on the forthcoming transit of Venus, and after some conversational discussion, Mr. Grant moved the usual vote of thanks to the authors of the papers, and to the donors of presentations. He hoped Mr. Legge would at some future time have opportunities of carrying out his observations on the ornithology of Tasmania, and that he would enrich the Museum with many specimens of the birds he metas so well. The vote having been carried the proceedings ter- minated. 26 JULY, 1874. The monthly meeting of the Society was held on the 14th July, T. Stephens, Esq., M.A., in the chair. The following returns were brought under notice by the Secretary :— 1. Visitors to Museum during June, 1223. 2. Ditto toGardens, ditto, 2108. 3. Plants, &c. received at Gardens.—From Mr. W. Ball, London, 11 packets of seeds of Coniferee.—From Captain W. Willet, 115 packets of seeds.—From Baron von Mueller, Melbourne, 103 packets seeds. 4, Plants and seeds sent from Society’s Gardens during June.—To Mr. Branning, Melbourne, one case assorted plants and seeds ; 26 plants 16 packets seeds.—To Melbourne Botanic Gardens, 6 varie- ties of plants and 22 packets seeds. For the Sandy Bay Cemetery, 230 plants.—For the Church grounds, Evandale, 52 plants. 5. Time of leatfing, &c., of a few standard plants in Society’s Gardens, during June. 6. Books and Periodicals received. 7. Presentations to Museum and Library. Meteorological Tables. I. Hobart Town, from F. Abbot, Esq,, table for June. . New Norfolk, from W. E. Shoobridge, Esq,, ditto. . Port Arthur, from J. Coverdale, Esq., ditto May and June. . Mount Nelson, from Marine Board, tables from January to June, 1874. . Sydney, from the Government Observatory, ditto February and March. 6. Melbourne, from R. J. L. Ellery, Esq., ditto March. The presentations were as follows :— 1. From Lieut. W. V. Legge, R.A.—20 prepared skins of Tasmanian Birds, as the commencement of a type collection. Sample of a peculiar substance from the heart of adecayed Peppermint Tree. ( Eucalyptus amygdalina), with a note. . From Mr. G. Richardson—1 Half Dollar, and 7 copper coins. . From Mr. C. H. Hall—A Lizard and a large Centipede, from the North Island, New Zealand. . From Mrs. Willett—Pebbles from the Diamond Fields, Cape of Good Hope. . From Mr. R. Thorpe—Sample of Gold from Port Cygnet, procured by himself from a blind creek. [The donor states that small por- tions of gold are found in various localities in the district, in the beds of creek and river courses. | 6. From Mr. W. Sharland—aA species of Cicada, from New Norfolk, caught at night, in the month of May. A similar specimen was captured in the same place in May of last year. Specimen of a mineral substance (Obsidian ?) from Hamilton. 7. From Mr. 8. J. Baynton—Sample of Pipeclay from North West Bay. Chrysalis cases of various moths. Specimen of Obsidian, &c., from Brown’s River. 8. From Mr. Bellinger, Glenorchy—A collared Sparrow Hawk (Accipiter torquatus.) 9. From Mr. Blythe, Honeywood—A Platypus. 10. From Mr. Lade, St. Mary’s—A chestnut faced Owl (Strix castanops. ) 11. From T. Cruttenden, Esq.—Jamieson’s Mineralogy, 3 vols., bound. 12. From Mr. Kearney, New Town.—Curious abnormal growth (fasciation) of native box (Bursaria spinosa). co R&wh o FP Wh Qt 13. From W. Archer, Esq., F.L.S.—‘‘ Owen’s Odontography.” 2 vols., 4to (text and atlas), bound half Russia, cloth sides. The CuaiRMAN referred to the discovery of Trilobites and other Silu- rian fossils, which he had reported to the Royal Society in July, 1873, . and read extracts from letters of the Rev. W. B. Clarke, to whom he had sent specimens, and who had forwarded them to England and America for examination. Both Mr. Etheridge and Mr. Lesquereux (of Columbus, Ohio, U.S.) had identified the genera of Phacops, Ogygia, Calymene, and Conocephalites, and considered the rock to be the equiva- lent of the Potsdam sandstone, and Professor Dana recommended that the formation be worked out. He (Mr. Stephens) remarked that, besides the Trilobites, he had detected an Orthis, an Euomphalus, and some other forms which could not yet be identified, and regretted that he had had no leisure during the past year for even the careful examination of the rock specimens which had been sent him from the Mersey dis- trict. The Chairman also laid before the meeting a section, kindly fur- nished by Mr. Hainsworth, of a coal shaft, recently sunk at the Don, through the marine limestone, full of Paleeozoic fossils, and resting com- formably on coal measures, in which a 20in. seam of excellent quality is now being worked. This, he remarked, was nothing new to several of the Fellows, as the relative position of the two formations had been previously pretty well known through circumstantial evidence ; but as this was the first time that the proof had been exhibited in an unmis- takeable form, he thought it desirable to have the fact placed on record. A short discussion followed on the connection between the flora and fauna of the coal measures of New South Wales. Mr. M. ALLport produced specimens of Blue Gum and Jarrah Wood, presented by Mr. John Watson,—well known as a good judge of timber —which had been sunk close to the wharf; and other specimens of Jarrah, furnished by Messrs. Belbin and Dowdell, which had been sunk further down the channel about two years ago, for the purpose of testing their respective capabilities of withstanding the action of the Teredo. In the case of the specimens sunk near the wharf, the Blue Gum was seen to have suffered severely, while the Jarrah was scarcely touched. On comparing the portions sunk down the channel, however, it was evident that the Jarrah indicated no peculiar immunity from the worm, as the specimens were much riddled. At the wharf, it was to be recollected, the water is not so salt asin the channel, and this might account for the Jarrah escaping in this locality, as any admixture with fresh water weakens the action of the worm. Further up the river towards the brackish water, timber never suffers from the Teredo. Mr. Watson suggested that it was scarcely a fair test to put down wood which had been cut and exposed to the weather for a lengthened period. In this case the natural juices of the timber would be dissipated, and if these were the active principles which enabled the wood to with- stand the worm, of course their absence was fatal. If this theory be correct, it seems clear that perfectly fresh wood should be used for piles. In the experiment above alluded to the blue gum was known to be well seasoned, and was, therefore, perhaps, unfairly tested, and the same may have been the case with those specimens of the Jarrah which were attacked. The Rev. J. E. Tennison Woops, F.G.S., F.R.G.S., &c., &c., read a long, able, and highly interesting paper on the ‘‘ Physical and Zoolo- gical relations between Australia and Tasmania.”’ After some discussion, a special vote of thanks was given to the Rev. J. E. T. Woods ; also thanks to the donors of presentations, especially to Lieut. Legge, for his contribution of native bird skins. The proceedings then terminated. 28 AUGUST, 1874. The monthly evening meeting was held on Tuesday, the llth August, the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Tasmania in the chair. The hon. Secretary (Dr. AGNEW) submitted the following returns :— Visitors to Museum during July, 1,174. Ditto to Gardens ditto, 2,739. Seeds received at Gardens—From Captain W. Willett, 22 packets. From T. Lidbetter, Esq., Bombay, 32 packets. Plants supplied from Gardens for the decoration of public places :— For the Cornelian Bay Cemetery, 154 plants; for Government House grounds, 36 plants. Meteorological Tables. . Hobart Town—From F. Abbott, Esq., table for July. . Port Arthur—From J. Coverdale, Esq., ditto. . Mount Nelson—From the Marine Board, ditto. . King’s Island—From ditto, monthly tables, January to June. New Norfolk—From W. E. Shoobridge, Esq., table for July. Melbourne—From R. J. L. Ellery, Esq., tables for April. The presentations to the Museum and Library were as follows :— From the Hon. Mrs. Du Cane—10 skins of New Zealand birds. . From Mr. Edward Gates, Richmond—Skin of Kiwi (Apteryx sp. ), from New Zealand. . From Mrs Chas. Lamb, Jerusalem—A fine wedge-tailed eagle (Aquila audaxr); spread of wings, 5 feet 7 inches. . From Mr. 8. J. Baynton—Specimen of wood completely honey- combed by insects. Casts, probably of roots of trees, from the mouth of Cloudy Bay lagoon, South Bruni. . From Mr. C. Headlam, Macquarie River,—A Maned Goose (Chlamydochen jubata) shot in that locality. [In reference to this presentation, Mr. Allport remarked that these beautiful birds were first noticed on the upper Derwent about eight years ago, and, as numerous examples have been seen since that time, they may now be considered as acclimatised in the colony. ] The probable range of habitat of the Maned Goose, as given by Gould, extends across the Australian Continent between the 25th and 30th degrees of South Latitude. 6. From Mr. Chas. Hewitt, Connorville, Lake District, a very large Native Tiger, (Thylacinus cynocephalus ). 7. From J. J. Bayles, Esq., Macquarie River, two specimens of the grey Flying Squirrel, (Belideus sciurus ). 8. From R. M. Johnston, Esq., 14 specimens of fossil woods, &c., from Launceston, with a paper. 9. From Mr. E. Hodgson, portion of brick with cement, and two specimens of scoria, from Pompeii. 10. From Captain Copping, 2 specimens of vegetable Ivory. 11. From Master Bennett, per J. W. Graves, Esq.—A Coromandel Quail (Coturnix Coromandelica oe 12. From W. A. B. Gellibrand, Esq., M.L.C.—Fossil Sharks teeth from the limestone, Oamaru, New Zealand. 13. From T. B. Clarke, Esq., Quorn Hall—A large Forester Kangaroo (Macropus major ). 14. From the Trustees, British Museum—Catalogue of Fishes (Giinther), Vol. 2. Ditto (hand list) of Edentata, Thick-skinned and Ruminant Mammals. Hand list of Shield Reptiles. Cata- logue of Hemiptera Heteroptera, parts 6, 7, 8. te Ee Sag bg mH C9 Or 15. 16. Vi 18. 19. 29 From the Zoological Society of London—Proceedings of the Society 1872, parts 2, 3; 1873, parts 1 and 2; Index, 1861 to 1870. From the Geological Society, London—Quarterly Journal, Vol. 29, Noss 114,' 115, 1165" Vol. 30, Nowaly: From the Linnean Society—Journal of the Society, Vol. 13, Nos. 69 to 72; Vol. 14, Nos. 73 and 74, Botany ; Vol. 11, No. 56; Vol. 12, No. 57, Zoology. ‘‘ Proceedings ” of Session, 1872-3. From the Royal Asiatic Society—Journal, Vol. 6, part 2. From the Royal Geographical Society—Journal of Society, Vol. 42, bound ; Proceedings, Vol. 16, No. 5; Vol. 17, Nos. 1 2 Wok 18, No. 1, ? Presentations from America— ils Oo IST 14, 15. From the Commissioner of Patents, Washington—Patent Office Reports for 1869, Vols. 1, 2, 3; 1870,,Vols. land 2; 1871, Vols. 1 and 2. . From the Secretary U. 8S. Sanitary Commission—Report of the Commission in the Valley of the Mississippi during the War of the Rebellion, 1861-66. . From the Secretary, War Department, Washington—Report of the Chief Signal Officer for 1872. (Meteorology. ) . From the Smithsonian Institution Report, 1571—‘‘ Miscellaneous Collections,” the Tonor Lectures, No. 1, ‘‘On the Structure of Cancerous Tumors, Dy arte Woodward ; Directions for collecting and preserving insects)“ Dorpat and Pulkova Observatories.” . From Dr. F. V. Hayden, United States Geologist—Bulletin No. 1 Geological Survey of the Territories ; Report of Secretary for the Interior, 1873; Synopsis of New Vertebrata from the Tertiary of Colorado, 1873 ; Meteorological Observations in Utah, Idaho, and Montana, 1872; Lists of elevations in portion of U. States West of Mississipi River, lst 2nd and 3rd Annual Reports of the Geological Survey of the Interior. ‘‘ Acride of North America,” by C. Thomas Ph. D. ; ‘‘ Contributions to Extinct Vertebrate Fauna of the Western Territories,” by Joseph Leidy. . From the United States Naval Observatory, Washington, ‘‘ Astro- nomical and Meteorological Observations” 1871, 1 Vol. 4to, bound. From the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, ‘‘ Proceed- ings,” Vol. 8. . From the American Philosophical Society, ‘‘ Proceedings,” Vol. 12, No. 88, Vol. 13, Nos. 90,91. . From the Boston Society of Natural History, ‘‘ Proceedings” Vols. 13, 14, Vol. 15 parts 1 and 2.—‘‘ Memoirs,” Vol. 2 part 1, Nos 2 and 3, Vol. 2, part 5, Nos. 1, 2, 3. . From the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia,—‘‘ Pro- ceedings,” 1871, parts 1, 2, 3. . From the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences—‘‘ Tran- sactions ” Vol. 2, part 2. . From the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences —‘‘ Bulletin,” Vol. Nos 15205, . From the Essex Institute, Salem, Massachusetts—‘‘ Bulletin,” Vol. 4, 1872. From Verplauck Colvin, Esq.—‘‘ Report on a topographical survey of the Adirondack Wilderness, New York. From Board of Education, Pennsy lvania, Annual Report for 1872. The SECRETARY read a paper on ‘‘ The Launceston Tertiary Basin,” by R. M. Johnston, Esq. This was the second paper on the same subject, by Mr. Johnston, and was illustrated by several drawings by the author. Mr. M. ALuporr said it was hardly possible to say much about so 30 elaborate a paper on merely hearing it read through, for its full value could not be appreciated until it was printed and carefully perused. The specimens of silicitied wood so frequently met with as worn pebbles in many parts of the country must have been subjected to far rougher usage than those leaves, beautiful impressions of which are found in the ferruginous deposits of the Tamar Valley, and these pebbles, derived from earlier rocks, probably belonged to very different geological ages. In the valley of the Derwent, large silicified stems of trees were found in situ, in the carboniferous sandstones, and he had always believed that the one so long known as ‘‘ Barkers fossil tree ” at Macquarie Plains, and which was embedded in a mass of basalt, had been first released from the carboniferous rocks, and then picked up by the molten, or semi-molten basalt. The temperature of the adjacent basaJt might thus account for the partial vitrification of that beautiful fossil, no trace of which is now left—it having been ruthlessly chipped away by barbarous collectors, but not before it was ascertained to have been a pine. The travertine referred to at Geilston Bay, near Risdon, wasfof very recent origin, perhaps, as suggested by His Lordship the Bishop, even post- tertiary, because a large percentage of the fossil flora in it undoubtedly belonged to existing species ; and those yet undetermined may upon further research prove to be in the same category. The bones in the same deposit all belong to existing mammals, and of the molluscs three at least are now living. Before attempting to fix the exact position of any of our tertiary strata, much more must be done, in the way of collecting the fossils and comparing them with existing species, than has yet been attempted ; and great credit is due to the author of the paper for the light he is endeavouring to throw on the [subject. Mr. Allport therefore had much pleasure in moving that the special thanks of the meeting be given to Mr. Johnston for his interesting paper, and the beautiful drawings which accompanied and illustrated it. Mr. C. H. Grant, in seconding the motion, referred in eulogistic terms to the great zeal, ability, and industry of the writer of the paper under discussion. When it was published, he hoped to have an oppor- tunity of considering the various points touched upon. Whether he could agree with them all or not he could not say, as he was well aware it was a very difficult matter, in geological research, to arrive at sound conclusions. This, in most instances, and especially in new countries, could only be done by great research, and long and elaborate observa- tions. Nothing was more seductive to the young and enthusiastic observer than to draw conclusions, which subsequeut discoveries might show had been prematurely arrived at. He hoped Mr. Johnston would continue his researches, and favour the Society from time to time with the results. After some complimentary remarks on the paper, by His Lordship, the motion was passed, as well as the usual vote to the donors of presen- tations. The proceedings then terminated. [The attention of the meeting was called to the very valuable donation of books from the Trustees of the British Museum, and also to the large number of scientific publications received, in exchange for the Society’s Transactions, from the United States Government, the Smithsonian and other Institutions in America. ] 31 NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF TASMANIAN BIRDS. By Lizut. W. V. Leces, R.A., F.Z.S., M.R.A.S. [Read 9th June, 1874. ] With a view of contributing towards the information already possessed concerning our Tasmanian birds, I ven- ture to offer for the perusal of those members of our Society who take an interest in ornithology, a few remarks on some of the most noteworthy of the species frequenting the dis- trict I have been residing in. There is up to the present time a great lack of published matter relating to the habits, economy, and natural history in general, of Australian birds. Gould’s great work, excelling to a high degree in some points, while it is deficient in others, is a mere foun- dation for future naturalists to work on. We cannot be contented to refer to it, the more so, as there are compara- tively speaking so few copies in existence, and before we attain to that knowledge requisite to a perfect acquaintance with the most beautiful section of the animal creation in our province, we must have our Yarrells and our Berwicks, as a well as a host of observers, who will, after the manner of the many writers in the “ Zoologist,” “ Naturalist,” “ Annals and Magazine of Natural History,” and other British ornithological periodicals, record the result of their labours and re- searches in local publications. It is to be hoped that, as population increases, a keener interest will be taken in its natural history, and that our local Museum will contain type collections fitted for the instruction of enquirers into that branch of study, while books of reference, the result of the labours of residents in the island, will be forth- coming to assist the youth of the colony in their researches. Cullenswood, 6th June, 1874. Przoporvus Formosvs, Iiliger. The ground Parakeet is numerous in the Hpacris-covered hills along the East Coast, between Falmouth and George’s Bay, evincing, as Gould noticed in his day, a partiality for the grass-tree (Xanthorrhea) districts. Among such vegetation it is invariably found, alighting in similar spots after being flushed. Although asa rule, it resorts to its characteristic 32 short, twisting fight and sudden descent to the ground, in order to conceal itself on being disturbed, it will, at times, pass over a considerable distance in order to escape pursuit. Its apparent inability to perch, is one of the most singular points in its economy, for there is nothing in the formation of the hallux or other toes which would incapacitate it for this mode of rest, its feet being far more adapted for it, than those of the Ardetde and Tantalide which exhibit such a remarkable aptitude for standing with great ease on the smallest twigs or branches; whether or not, therefore, it is incapable of perching, is a feature yet to be determined on by future observers of the bird in captivity, but as far as can be judged, its natural instinct forces it entirely to resort to the ground, in support of which I would mention that the district above mentioned is dotted over with small clumps of dwarf pepper- mint and other shrubs, into which I have several times almost driven the bird, bat it invariably chose to dart round them, preferring to alight in the open, among epacris and grass- trees. The central feathers of the tail of a Victorian specimen from the Carrum swamp, attain a length of 7:2 inches, the wing measuring 5, while a bird of the year from this coast has these 6°5 and 4°8 respectively. Gould remarks that the sexes are entirely alike, but on a casual observation even, the difference in the under surface is recognisable, the male having the lower pectoral region and abdomen much yellower, with bars of less width than the female. The difference between fully adult birds and those of the year, which have not reached maturity, is also very distinct : while the iris of the former is brown, this part in the latter is mottled with grey and the dark markings of the throat, which in old birds are mesial lines, have the shape of central spots in the immature example. Young females have the lower parts of the under surface with comparatively little yellow, the dark bars being broad and conspicuous and the margins of the feathers dark green; the frontal band is narrower than in the adult male, the green of the upper surface much darker, the primary quill spots less developed, and the tail darker; the lateral and central rectrices have, likewise, the yellow bars narrower, showing more of the ground colour; and, what is most noteworthy, the second longest pair are uniform greenish brown, without a trace of the bars which are present in the adult.* The food of those I have examined consisted of small seeds of grass and epacris plants. * From want of further examples for examination Idonot know whether this is a sexual peculiarity. 33 STIPITURUS MALACHURUS, Lesson. This remarkable little bird, so local in its distribution in Tasmania, is abundant in the districts above-mentioned, fre- — quenting the sides of the low hills where they are clothed with epacris, mimosa, and other stunted vegetation, as well as the tall grass and reed beds around lagoons and damp hollows. In the middle of the day it resorts to the smal! clumps of dwarf Eucalyptus above alluded to, in which its presence is betrayed, by its tiny note of ¢ze-tze, resembling more the sound of an insect than the voice of a bird. When in these situations, it is useless to disturb them, as they at once take to the ground and disappear with wonderful quickness, but by remaining quiet a sight of the diminutive Emu-wren will soon be gained as he darts up to an outstanding twig, or the top of some tall reed-stalk ; at such times when “twitting” about with the restless movements common to the malurine the tail is gener- ally retroverted over the back giving the bird a quaint appearance. An example from Victoria has the central tail feathers 4°75 inches in length, while the longest pair of 5 Tasmanian examples before me, measure, 4:4: as a rule the balance as regards size is always in favour of Tasmanian species of birds common to both continent and island, but the above disparity may not be constant. The measurements of a fine male from this district are:—Total length, 6:4; tail, 4°4; lateral tail feather, 2:1; tarsus, 0°7; mid-toe, 0°45; claw, 0-17; bill at front, 0°37; weight, $0z. In the female the bill is of a lighter colour than in the opposite sex, the blue super- cillian and lower white eyelid* are wanting as well as the blue throat and strize of the head; the web of the tail feathers is rounded at the top and not pointed as in the male; it also stands out more direct from the shaft making the feathers broader than those of the male. LoBIVANELLUS LOBATUS, Vicill. The Wattled Pewit, or Spur-winged Plover, has for some reason or another been omitted from the avifauna of Tasmania. Gould remarks of it, in speaking of its supposed absence from this country: “ It is not improbable that it will hereafter be found to be an inhabitant of that island,” writing at the same time that it is numerous on the islands of Bass Straits. It does not appear in Krefft’s list of our birds, nor is it mentioned in Mr. Allport’s additions to it, vide Papers of Royal Society of Tasmania, 1868, although this gentleman says that it occurs at times in the south of the island. It occasionally visits this district at the latter end of summer, and likewise (asl am informed) after wet weather, during * Omitted in Gould’s figure. o4 the winter. I met with a flock of four on the 10th of March last on the banks of the Break-of-Day River, procuring two fine examples, and since that date, | have observed on two occasions isolated individuals on marshy land in the same locality. Our Wattled Pewitt is an exceedingly fine member of the Charadrine, surpassing in size most of the Indian species of the family. I venture to append dimensions of an example in my collection, the bird not having before been published as occurring in the Island,—J/ale, total length, 15 inches; wing, 9°9; tail, 44; tarsus, 3°2; bare tibia, 1‘1; mid toe and claw, 1°7; bill to gape, 1:45; wattles, 1:3 from eye to tip; spur, 0°6. Predom of the tibia is a dull magenta, while the tarsus and foot are greenish purple, with the edges of the scales of a lighter hue ; iris, golden yellow ; bill, with the tip dusky fleshy, and the basal portions, together with the wattles and orbital skin, primrose yellow. The note of this bird is very distinct from that of the Black-breasted Pewit, from which it may be readily distinguished at a distance by its much larger size, and bold showy aspect. /EGIALITES MONACHA, Gould. Our great pioneer in Australian ornithology appears to have fallen into error concerning the Hooded Dotterel, as is shewn in his fine plate of the bird, in which he has figured the female with a light head, and describes that part as thus differing from the male in his accompanying notice of the species* A possible cause of the mistake might have been that all the examples of females which fell to his gun,were immature birds, but such a coincidence would be strange, when we know what a hard working naturalist he was. I am not able to state whether the young have the head concolorous with the hind neck as [ have not as yet handled immature examples, but I can state with certainty that two females now before me, shot during the last breeding season, have the “ hood” and throat coal black—as deep as the hue of the male—and the white and black markings of the hind neck identical with those of the latter sex ; furthermore, among the scores of this dotterel, which I have seen this year on the beaches of the East Coast, I have not observed a single bird with the grey head, depicted in Gould’s work. This species “nests” on the sand, above high water mark, and does not appear to sit much on its eggs during the heat of the day, trusting, [ presume, in common with most of the Pressirostris, to the good offices of the sun to perform the work of incubation. A nest which I found on the 10th of January last, was a hole scraped in the sand about 40 yards from the tidal mark, and situated on a slight rise, * The experience of other observers on this subject, is much needed. do formed by the sand being blown round a piece of dry kelp ; it did not contain the fragments of shells as a lining, common to the nests of most of the family, the eggs being deposited on the bare sand; they were three in number, of a ‘‘ stone white” ground colour, spotted and marked throughout with two shades of sepia, beneuth which were blotches of biuish erey. The markings did not assume the linear shape usual in the eggs of these birds. The dimensions were—axis, 1°43; diameter 1°05 inches. FULICA AUSTRALIS, Gould. This species, which is omitted in Mr. Krefft’s list, and mentioned in Gould’s monograph as inhabiting Tasmania, requires working out, as the latter author is of opinion that the Australian Coots are referable to two distinct species, not, however, explaining the distinctive characteristics which led him to that belief; unfortunately, moreover, according to the rule adopted throughout the work, he gives no measurements, and as these—the main desideratum in ornithological study— are wanting, his plate is of little use to subsequent observers in tracing out the value of the two supposed forms. A score of examples will be required from Western Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, and Tasmania before the problem can be solved. Should the presence of two distinct coots in Australia prove a reality, it will be a matter of more than ordinary interest to ornithologists. I give the dimensions of a, presumably, immature example, shot on the Break-of-Day River in August, 1868—Wing, 7:1 inches; tarsus, 2; mid toe and claw, 3; hind toe and claw, 11; bill at front, including casque, 16. The iris was dark brown, the bill blackish brown with a light tip, and the legs blackish, as against “red,” “ light blueish-grey,” and ‘“‘ French erey” of the same parts in Gould’s adult figure, which he refers to the bird inhabiting Tasmania. The crown in my example is concolorous with the black head, the upper surface olivaceous brown, with a cinereous blue wash across the back, and the breast and abdomen plumbeous grey, paling, on the latter part, where the feathers are margined whitish. PHALACROCORAX MELANOLEUCOS, Vicill. In Gould’s notice of this cormorant, he remarks, “ I suspect that the young assume the white plumage of the under surface from the period of their leaving the nest.” There is, however, a marked difference between the immature and the adult dress, which I will here diagnose. In the fully fledged young, about the mouth of February, the supercillium is a mere thin white line, the lower part of the neck and breast are washed with arusty yellow, with traces of brown on the ‘ 36 sides of the breast: and the belly ; in the adult the white extends some distance above the eye, and the neck and whole of the under surface are pure white. The upper plumage, likewise, differs in the young, in being dark brown, with the head and hind neck feathers edged rusty, and the back and scapular feathers margined with rusty grey, whereas in the adult the upper surface is shining black. A further stage in the immature garb consists in the yellow disappearing to a considerable extent from the neck and chest, being conspicuous only on the breast ; the upper surface becomes darker, and the grey lustre on the scapular and tertial feathers more noticeable. Ov ADDITIONAL AND CORRECTED ELEMENTS FOR THE TRANSIT OF VENUS, DecemsBer 91H, 1874. WITH NOTES FOR REDUCING THE EFFECTS OF IRRADIATION, . AND ERRORS FROM OBSERVATIONS MADE IN THE PLANE OF THE MERIDIAN, Etc., Erc. By F. Apport, F.R.A.S., F.R.M.S. Read at a meeting of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 9th of June, 1874. hem... 8. Nxtermabcontact at Ingress 0. 1s ase wee cae eee, eee «A 8D P27 am: Internal contact at Ingress vss, oe eeenece ee a.” OL" 55 otis Least distance of centres, 13’ 46" 7, vee SU MER Vet a oot LOO) OF pam: Internal contact at HMgress...° 1... i. ses sco ede) se 3 46 55 p.m. External contact at Egress... 4 16 23 p.m. Mean Time at Hobart Town. For direct (first external contact 50° towards the E. image. first internal contact 44° towards the E. Angle from ) last internal contact 14° towards the W. N. pole of \last external contact 20° towards the W. ° , " Mhe Sunsidrmesemidiameter ...' sis .:0 esc, cre coo so O 716 162 Venus’s true Semidiameter chet Cais esol tome favat ater aes» UOT Unnaae the sams apparent Declination... 2. 0 sss ‘oe seo ccs 22 5129'S, The Approximate Meridian Altitude ... ... ... ... «0 «o. 69 59 O ih: Cm: os: eee NICTIMIARTASSARO? sce) “ses Wes: cee wes yeeehs ees? ede) voted Oa) oer ae At Ingress the Sun’s Elevation willbe ... ... ... oe eo 67 O O — a », Retardation sinc” ews che, “Aemicuar “ene 2°8 At Egress the Sun’s Elevation willbe ... ... ... «2 o- 40 O O oh 3 PA GCCIOVAMIONS | wea! sve: Uscembscune eemieane 7°6 The exact moment of contact is a little doubtful ; it de- depends on the real size of Venus, as well as on her motions, the size being necessarily a matter of estimation, and the motion of Venus,although well determined, will be, if necessary, corrected by the observations during the transit; so that the circumstances of the transit will not be appreciably affected, even though there should be a minute or two of error. The greatest difficulty to encounter at the coming transit, next to that ofa cloudy atmosphere, is irradiation. The eye is by no means a perfect optical instrument. It suffers from spherical aberration; a scattered luminosity, more or less strong, always surrounding the defined images of luminous objects upon the retina. It is well known that images of objects frequently persist on the retina of the eye, 7.e., we continue to see light for a certain period after the light itself has gone out, as in the case of an electric spark, bolides, falling stars, or meteors, &c. Irradiation is a similar action of the retina, i in respect ‘of space. The retina does not lose 38 its impression at cnce, nor can any part of it be affected apparently, without its neighbourhood being affected also, any brilliant object dazzles the eye, and in this way objects will appear slightly longer than they really are. Both the correct limb of the sun, and Venus appear a little larger from irradiation than the real size, of either the sun or planet, by the breadth of the irradiated circle; hence from irradiation between the two lights is produced the so-called black drop or ligament. The effect of these irradiations is at times so great, that it becomes quite impossible to execute correct measurements of them. ‘This troublesome illusion, for such it is, has been investigated with great acuteness by M. Plateu, who has thrown much light on the subject. For the sake of distinctness, and because of their practical value, they are here given in the form of separate and substantive proposi- tions. Irradiation is a fact completely established, and readily confirmed, very variable, but capable of being measured with precision. It occurs whatever the distance of the object at which we look, its amount, or the visual-angle which it subtends is independent of that distance, and therefore the absolute breadth to be attributed to it is, all else being equal, proportional to the distance which seems to exist between the object and the eye. It increases with the brightness of the object, but not proportionally, “if its increase is represented by a curve, whose abscissz represent increasing brightness, beginning at darkness or zero, and having for its ordinates the corresponding amount of irradia- tion, this curve would pass through the origin of the co- ordinates, with its concavity towards the axis of the abscisse, and finally pass into an asymptote parallel to that axis. For a brightness equivalent to that of a star ina clear sky, the curve will be found very close to its asymptotes.” When the space surrounding the object looked at is not wholly dark, the irradiation belonging to the object is diminished, and when the illumination of the field of view approaches equality with the brightness of the object, the illusion attributable. to irradiation altogether vanishes. Here, then, are two im- portant practical consequences, when two objects of equal brightness touch, irradiation is at zero at their point of contact, and any two irradiations occurring in the same neighbourhood diminish each other, the diminution being the greater in pro- portion as the edges of the luminous spaces are nearer to each other. Irradiation depends very much on the state of the eye, or impressibility of the retina, it varies considerably in the same individual, or by personal equation; it is greatly modified when a lens is placed before the eye, it is diminished by 39 converging lenses, and augmented by diverging lenses. This action of lenses will depend on their focal-length and not on their diameters or curvature ; the shorter the focal-length, the more decisive itis. The theoretical difficulty, and practical — remedy lie in the action of lenses, as affecting the action of vision though the telescope. The error produced in astrono- mical observations by what is called irradiation, springs from two causes, essentially distinct, viz., the ordinary irradiation now described, and the aberration of the instrument. The part of the total error due to irradiation properly so-called, depends on the magnifying power of the eye-piece, the bright- ness of the image, and state of the eye of the observer, and is greatly diminished by the action of the eye-piece in propor- tion to its magnifying power, and its convergency as a lens, varying, however, with the state of the observer’s eye. This portion of the total error is made to disappear, when a double image micrometer is made use of, and the observation is only slightly affected with the Heliometer. The Astronomer Royal recommends that the cusps of Venus should be measured as rapidly as possible, and much information as to the distance of the planet’s centre from the sun’s limb, will be gained in this way. The remaining portion of the total error, viz., that which originates in the aberration of the telescope, will vary with the quality of the instrument, but it will be constant for the same telescope ; it will therefore appear possible, even in the case of an imperfect instrument, with an eye sensi- tive to irradiation, to obtain means of freeing observation from the effect of this peculiar error. In many cases observations may in themselves possess the means of eliminating any error that might arise from personality, by not making contacts too deep or too shallow ; or from the effects of greater or less irradiation due to the instrument or to the eye. Personal errors may also be eliminated by observing both limbs of the planet in the series. There are other apparent difficulties attending the observa- tion of the transit, independent of irradiation.Sir Isaac Newton demonstrated that,as a consequence,the poles of the earth must be flattened. About two hundred years ago, Picard found that the pendulum of his transit clock, which beat seconds at the Paris Observatory, must be shortened to beat seconds at Cayenne, near the equator. Subsequent experiments have shown the same results, confirming the fact that the earth is flattened at the poles, giving an elliptic shape to any meridian coinciding with the sea level. A short time ago the problem was again renewed, proving the equatorial curve itself at the sea level to be an ellipse, having a major axis 8,800 feet, or 1—2°S miles, longer than the minor axis. The 40 earth’s crust is known not to be homogeneous, experiments — have been made by Maskelyne, Cavendish, &c., for deter- mining its force of gravity ; which prove the average density to be 5°4, the whole mass being double that of the crust. It is known that the excess of the equatorial over the polar radius, divided by the latter, would be one in 280, if the earth were homogeneous throughout, all the particles attracting each other, while it would be one in 580 if the force of attraction acted solely at the centre of the mass, or nearly as 289°44 to 308°27. In applying these remarks for obtaining a true parallax at the coming transit of Venus, there is the following difficulty,for all observations made on the plane of the meridian, the perpendicular, or line pointing to the zenith, does not coincide with the line directed from the earth’s centre through the place of observation, except at the equator and the poles. Respecting the figure of the earth as a whole, says the late Sir John Herschel, it may be considered as spherical ; the diameter coinciding with the axis is about =3,th part shorter than the equatorial circle, which is, says the same authority, so trifling that if a model of such proportions were turned in wood, the nicest eye would not detect the flattening, since in the diameter of a globe of 15 inches, the difference would be only one-twentieth of an inch, and with the means employed for obtaining the true figure of the earth, any error in observation, with proper care, in measuring its true meridional value, can hardly exceed halfa second. Any sus- picion then that the above quoted idea of a double ellipticity is only an approximation to truth, and may have an important bearing in ascertaining the sun’s distance, is much lessened when it is known that the discrepancy is not so great as at first sight may be supposed,and that it may entirely disappear in working out this great problem at the forthcoming transit. The application of the transit of Venus to the determination of the sun’s distance, is not an easy subject, from the enor- mous distance of the sun, when compared with the smallness of our own globe, for a base line; if it was otherwise the parallax question would be a simple matter. Mr. Procter (whose beautiful sun-views of the earth, drawn to illustrate the seasons, shew changes similar to those of sun-spot curves, irrespective of the sun’s hemisphere) remarks :— “ During a December transit, the earth which is supposed to be seen from the sun, moving from right to left, with rotation shifting points on her surface ; the shifting due to this cause, is greatest on the Equator, which is adverse to that of the earth’s motion of rotation, except at stations in high latitudes, where Venus transits with the excess of 41 her motion of revolution over the earth, and anything which tends to reduce the effect of the earth’s motion of revolution, increases the excess of Venus’s motion, or hastens Venus in her transit. So that towards the Equator, Venus is hastened more or less by the effects due to the earth’s rotation. And, on the contrary, at every point in high latitudes, Venus is retarded in her transit by rotation; these circumstances affect both transits diversely, 1874 and 1882.” In the Astronomer Royal’s report of the stations to be occu- pied by different countries, for the transit, not a word is said of Hobart Town, as being fixed upon by the Americans ; what he said was, that they, the English, had abandoned Macdonald Islands, as it is considered that the observations there will be sufficiently provided for by the Americans and the German parties. It is not however, therefore, certain that any expedition will be sent to Tasmania, for the purpose of observing the transit of 1874. lt has been said that the Australian colonies can provide means for observing the transit within themselves, and so they can, where they have qualified observers to assist in observing this rare and special phenomenon, which is the very foundation of all astronomical researches ; for, until we know the sun’s distance, we can determine neither his bulk, nor his weight, nor his proper relationship with the planets ; a small error in the solution of this problem would also result in the withdrawing from our knowledge the great power and wisdom employed in the researches of solar physics. In the absence of other astronomers, with more ample and different means for observing, the instruments in use at the Private Observatory, with a few accessories that have been added,are quite sufficient for the direct observation of the tran- sit, or for obtaining longitude and local time. The difficulty at present appears to be, finding suitable observers, who are accustomed to the use of astronomical instruments. The only volunteer at present, is Commander Bedwell, who, at the sug- gestion of the Hon. Sir J. M. Wilson, wishes to take part in the observation, and render what assistance he can, pro- vided he is able to make arrangements to be in Hobart Town at the time. 42 NOTES ON THE PHYSICAL AND ZOOLOGICAL RELA- TIONS BETWEEN AUSTRALIA AND TASMANIA. By toe Rev. J. E. Trentson Woops, F.1L.8., F.G.S., FR.G.S2 oC), sC., cc. [Read 14th July, 1874] It is now some years since the Royal Society of Tasmania did me the distinguished honor of electing me one of its mem- bers, and I regret extremely that various occupations have always prevented me from contributing something to its transactions. My constant engagements in various duties have almost entirely discontinued those special investigations in natural science, in which I was formerly engaged, and all that I can offer now in the shape of original enquiries, are the observations of a traveller. But, fortunately, my opportuni- ties for travel give mea very wide field for observation, and this, with a taste for it, and a good will to observe, have enabled me to pick up some facts which may not be unworthy the acceptance of the Society. The last two years have been spent in Hast Australia, and my short residence in Tasmania has pointed out curious relations between the natural history of that part of the Continent and this Island. There can be no doubt that Tasmania unites features in her natural history which is characteristic of distinct provinces in Australia. If we take the eastern half of the Continent, we may divide it into three portions, viz. : The coast region, characterized by a. genial humid climate, with a vegetation in the temperate regions which is almost tropical in luxuriance, and generally Asiatic in facies, which is more decided as we proceed north- ward. We find tertiary rocks, mostly volcanic, and belonging to several periods, with no true tertiary marine rocks, and the beds, where fossiliferous, belonging to the Lower Mesozoic or Upper Paleozoic periods. Litoral deposits or raised beaches of any age are unknown. Where volcanic soils prevail or coal-bearing carboniferous rocks, the land is generally fertile. The second province is the table land, sometimes a purely mountainous region, almost entirely consisting of Paleozoic rocks, with intrusions of quartz Diorite, and in the lower deposits only mineral veins. Granite and other meta- morphic rocks, giving rise totrue lodes, are found throughout the whole extent. This granite is partly an altered rock, and probably not all of one age. Iam inclined to think that the greater part of it belongs torocks of the close of the Paleo- zoic period, but its alteration may be subsequent, and extend- ing over a long range of time. Sometimes the surface, though as diversified in its rocks, is less mountainous, probably through weathering, and then the soils are accessible to cultivation. 43 As far as I have observed in Australia this occurs wlere upper and lower Silurian rocks are intruded upon by veins of Diorite. The whole of these regions, if we include the table land, have a distinct vegetation, alpine in the southern portions, and in the northern more Australian and less Asiatic than the vege- tation of the coast regions in the same latitudes. The third region is the interior or western slopes of the dividing ranges. Here the land is generally level, and more or less of a desert character. Where the tertiary or desert sandstone prevails,the desert is absolute. Thesoilis loose sand, supporting either open forest with coarse grass, or dense shrubs of some kinds of Eucalyptus or Acacia. This region extends to the centre of the continent and beyond. This is also the litoral region of the south coast, where not mountainous. It is more Aus- tralian in its vegetation than any other portion, and possesses fewer strangers, that is, plants indigenous to other countries. It has very recent tertiary rocks, notably the desert sand- stone, but whether marine or fresh water has not been deter- mined, though probably the latter. Paleozoic rocks are not unknown, but do not often appear, though granites crop out continually. It appears that the two first regions are well represented in Tasmania, with, of course, certain modifica- tions, which modifications Iam inclined to suggest tend to show that the insularity of Tasmania is at least of some duration. The litoral features of the east coast of Australia are very strongly marked in this Island. Not, however, confined to the east side of it, but continuing all round the land which fringes the mountain ranges. The difference is, however, also marked. The climate is much affected by the gap of Bass Straits, and the vegetation is also less luxuriant, and quite temperate in character, while its affinities are more Polynesian and Neo-Zelandic, or Pacific than Asiatic. Tertiary, marine, and fresh water rocks are sometimes met with occasional litoral deposits. Tertiary volcanic deposits are also common, but belonging all to the earlier series. The light scoriaceous dolerites, trachytes, leucites, and olivines, with ash tufas, which are never met at any great distance from the sea in Australia, appear to be absent from Tasmania, as they are from the East Coast of Australia. The second, or table land region, is well represented in this Island, and with great diversity of features. We have high mountainous ranges, exposing precipitous rocks of various age, all however, Paleozic. The disturbance has exposed sandstone in flat- topped hills, peaks, and downs of silurian age, with syenitic granitic domes and peaks. The whole form of the mountains appears to be mainly affected by dioritic intrusions of post Devonian age or early tertiary dolerites. These show the island a4 to have been the centre of very active disturbance. The vege- tation of these regions is distinct in character from the litoral province. The true Tasmanian features are there developed largely, and especially connected with Australia, but having peculiarities of their own. What these peculiarities are I shall refer to presently. Itissaid that if Australia were sub- merged to the depth of 600 feet it would cover all our marine tertiary rocks, and therefore it is concluded that the Continent has been uplifted something more than that since the later tertiary period. As the same marine beds are found in Tas- mania, it is highly probable that this Island has been separated from Australia since the close of the Mesozoic period. The upheaval of the south coast of Australia has been very general and gradual,and though evidently Tasmania has not participated largely in it, there is enough to prove that it was once a much smaller island, or rather, group of islands, than it is now, and therefore less connected with Australia. When those tertiary rocks, containing shells, were at the bottom of the sea, the ocean must have washed a very considerable portion of the flanks of the mountains, and covered the most of the plains. These plains now unite the mountains into a single island, but then were channels between many large and _ precipitous islands. It would not be at all difficult to construct a map of the group of islands forming the land of Tasmania. A depres- sion of 300 feet would, perhaps, be sufficient on the northern, and less than that on the southern side. I am not aware if any well defined ‘‘ desert sandstone” has ever been found in Tasmania, but a priori we should conclude that the formation did not exist. It is supposed to be a limestone and subaeriel deposit, due to the weathering ofarenaceous rocks. It includes occasionally drift wood, and rounded quartz pebbles. The conditions of its origin are as yet very obscure. If it be represented at all in this Island, it must be in those heaths or sandy plains whose soil is derived from adjacent granites, such as the coast plains north of Falmouth. We find on the east side of Australia, even in the northern portions, very well marked deposits, which tend to show the age of some of the extensive dykes. Thus, at Gympie, a gold diggings, 120 miles north of Brisbane, we have quartz reefs intersecting Diorite, the whole intruding on Devonian rocks, which are much disturbed in consequence. We have here also ash beds or tufaceous rocks which show proximity to the point ofejection. The Devonian facies of the fossils is very decided, the species being identical with European forms. Strophomena rhomboidalis,Phillips,isvery commonand this shell occurs on the Silurian Devonian and Carbonferous rocks over large areas of the globe. It has been figured and described by 45 Wahlenberg, Sowerby, Phillips (Geol. of Yorkshire, vol. 2, plate 7, fig. 10) ; and Davidson, Monog. Brit. Carb. Bracheo- poda, in the monographs of the Paleontographical Society, p- 119 t. 28, fig. 2. With it we find the Aviculopecten linw- formis, Morris, described in Strzelecki’s work as occurring in the Eastern Marshes, Tasmania. We have also the well- known Devonian forms of Productus cora D’Orb. Spirifera bisulcata, Sowerby, S. vespertilio, undifera, and Pleurotomaria carinata, Sowerby and enestella fossula Lonsdale. These forms are all abundantly represented in Tasmania, especially in the Devonian rocks about Hobart Town, Brighton, &c., &e. Three facts of importance can be gathered from the oecurrence of these fossils in the gold bearing rocks of Queensland. 1st. Such deposits are thus associated in point of time with the period of disturbance best represented in Tasmania. Secondly, the strange uniformity which these fossils show, in species extending over wide areas, the lower we descend in geological formations. Last of all, the constant association of gold with Diorite in Australia, especially Eastern Australia, which igneous rock is very extensively found alsoin Tasmania. It is the deliberate opinion of geologists that the only deposits of gold in paying quantity in East Australia are found in con- nection with, and affected by, the diorites or dioritic veins. I may add that this is my own experience, as drawn from a personal inspection of the following East Australian gold- fields, Sofala, Gulgong, Hill End, Tambaroora, Wattle Flat, Summerhill Creek, Gympie, Monkland, and Peak Downs. I may perhaps venture to ask this further question of Tasmanians —have the dioritic deposits ever yet been fairly tried in this Island? Silurian rocks used to be considered almost sine qua non for gold deposits, and that because the best gold fields occurred where only such rock has appeared, the others, of course as it is now ascertained having been denuded away. It is however, certainly established that the richest gold deposits have been thrown down after the Devonian period, though perhaps much later. Secondary formations with characteristic fossils are found scattered through the litoral zone, and that of the table land. Oolitic fossils are found at Gordon Downs, near Peak Downs. At Maryboro Cretaceous beds are represented. The same formations, representing both the Upper and Lower Creta- ceous, are found stretching across the whole western side of the dividing range of North Hast Australia, forming vast plains, which are the principal feature of Queensland scenery in these quarters. Mr. Daintree is of opinion that the Desert Sandstone (upper tertiary) once extended over all this country, because of its existence in outliers, or in situ on the main 46 watersheds, and by its pebbles and conglomerate, which are strewn everywhere over the plains. Plant beds belonging to two separate formations are found in East Australia, and all identical as far as the carboniferous forms are concerned, with species occurring in Tasmania. There is abundant evidence, therefore, to prove that the island of Tasmania is connected lithologically and stratographically with the axis of the Cordillera, an axis which has evidently been subjected to a great deal of subsidence. Whether such subsidence is the cause of the gap of Bass Straits can be as yet only a mere matter of speculation, though a very tempting field for theory. The Quaternary formations of North Western Australia are replete with interest, and offer a clue for the solution of some of the problems to which the plant beds of Hobarton and Launceston have given rise. The occurrence of volcanic cones, with ash and lava deposits, on the table land, has changed the course of some of the ancient rivers. They exist now in the form of swamps or lagoons, containing bones of the extinct terrestrial fauna of the continent. Thus a rich series of remains have been brought to light, and forms which were doubtful or problematical are by the discovery of missing links completely identified. Two or more species of Emu are thus made out, also a species of Moa, about the size of the Dinornis robustus. A large fermur was found in the Leichardt Downs, and it is now in the Sydney Museum. The carapace of more than one fresh water species of tortoise was found on the Darling Downs, besides extinct crocodilian remains mingled with those of existing species. It is an interesting fact that now the crocodile is almost confined to the tropics, and never any distance from the sea shore, but then they extended a very long way inland, and as far south as the latitude of Brisbane (27 deg. 28 min.) The fossil mammalia made known from the Darling Downs deposits, bid fair to rival in extent and variety our existing fauna. No less than ten different species of Diprotodon are now known from fossil bones, with two or three species of Zyzomaturu and one of Nototheriwm. All these gigantic mammals (some perhaps larger than an elephant) are now proved to belong to the Phalanger, that is, the oppossum, flying squirrel, and native bear tribe. In fact the dentition of all the three above named fossil genera has the closest resemblance to that of a native bear or Phascola- rectus. ‘This species is the only one known, and inhabits about a third of Australia, as far as the tropics on the eastern side. Neither this animal nor the Dingo are known in Tas- mania. As far as Iam aware, no fossils of these extinct animals above enumerated have been discovered in this Island, 47 which tends to confirm the general evidence of the separation of Tasmania from Australia in very remote periods. The Thlyacoleo ounce appealed to as an extinct form of our existing Tasmanian Thylacinus is now proved to be a species of squirrel of gigantic size. It was though once to be a_ formidable carnivore, and a match for the Diprotodon. The Thylacinus cynocephalus and Sarcophilus ursinus, now peculiar to Tasmania, are both found fossil in Australia. This induces one to enquire whether the negative evidence is sufficient to conclude that none of our larger Tasmanian mammals were found in this island. Among some fossils submitted to me by the curator of the Bris- bane Museum, Mr. Steiger, was a very peculiar one from the Darling Downs, thought to be a reptilian scute or a fragment of a chelonian carapace. It proved to be a very valuable missing link, a fossil tooth of a Ceratodus. A living Cera- todus (C. Fostert Ginther) was found in 1869 in the River Burnett, in Queensland, and since then other species have been found in the Mary and Fitzroy rivers. The only pre- viously known species of the genus were teeth found in very low secondary rocks, that is Triassic. The occurrence ofa fossil form of larger size, tends to carry the genus one step further back, and is another fact in the many which show how secondary forms survive in the Australian continent, of which the TZrigonia, Marsupialia, Cycadee@, &e., &e., are instances. We find in the botany of eastern Australia a very uniform character, even though it ranges in climate from equatorial to temperate. I have already stated that Asiatic species prevail in the northern part. But sometimes anomalous and tropical forms have a very wide range. Thus our cabbage tree palm is found abuudantly as far south as the Shoalhaven River, and is also common about Port Denison. Besides Corypha Australis we have the beautiful Seaforthia elegans ranging from Jarvis Bay to the lat. 19 deg. But I must say that I have some slight doubts as to this. Baron von Mueller has lately shown that a species long mistaken for S. elegans is a palm ofan entirely different genus, Ptychosperma Alexandria, and the species grow side by side in some places, yet in the far north I think the latter quite supplants its graceful ally. Nothing more beautiful can be imagined than the dense scrubs of this palm in the northern regions, surrounded by a most luxuriant vegetation of ferns and dark evergreens, and bound together by vines and creepers. These make the scrubs impassable almost, for the huge serpentine folds of one creeper (very often Hntada scandens) will cover twenty or thirty trees, and over an acre of ground. When it is remem- 48 bered that Hntada scandens has pods six feet long, and seeds the size of the palm of the hand the peculiarity of tropical vegetation can be imagined. Abrus precatorius (whose brilliant scarlet seeds, with black spots, makes them so well-known as objects of curiosity) is as common on the tropics of Australia, near the coast, as it is in the West Indies. MMucuna gigantea (Indian) is another of the great creepers of the scrubs with Laportea gigas, or nettle tree, extends from the south to within the tropics. It has been mistaken, however, for another of the of the Urticea, D. morotdes, which is very com- mon in the tropical scrubs. The sting of these species leaves a smart which lasts for a very long time, and is felt at every change of temperature for weeks after. It is a smaller shrub with fruit something like mulberries. One very peculiar character which prevails in the scrubs of north-east Australia is the strong odour that pervades them. It is exactly like baked bread or burnt bread, and is so strong that in those towns which are built near scrubs, such as Maryboro, the odour becomes almost distressing before or after rain. This is due to an euphorbiaceous plants named Claorylon australe. In the same section of the order (Crotons), we have MMallotus, a species of which, A. Philippinensis, we have almost all along the east coast of Australia. This species is also widely spread over tropical Asia, extending to South China, and is principally remarkable now for possessing wonderful vermi- fuge properties, which, render certain preparations of it valuable as a drug. In travelling northwards, along the coast, as the islands within the barrier reef become more frequent, and the coast line more mountainous, the prevalence of coniferous vegetation is very striking. Every island and every mountain is thickly clothed with pines. On the coast these are all of one species, Areucaria Cunninghami, a tree resembling A. excelsa in general aspect and foliage, but the cones very different. A. Bidwilli, with its splendid spires of leaves, occurs land, and in four places. It is called Bunya Bunya by the natives, and the seeds, after some preparation, are eaten. If we take- the conifera as one standard of comparison between the flora of Hast Australia and Tasmania, we find a very marked differ- ence. I don’t pretend that it is the best standard, but, as this order is low in the scale of specialized functions, its species have a wider range, and ifany difference is perceived in the order, other orders will differ more widely, and the provinces possess well marked characters. Now Tasmania has nota single indigenous Araucaria, and only two Australian conifers are found in the island namely, Frenela rhomboidea and Podocarpus alpina. On the other hand it has genera which 49 are peculiarly its own, and some with affinities that are not at all Australian. Thus Diselma Archert is endemic, as also Microcachrys tetrogona, and the genera are not found outside our island. Athrotaxis, with three endemic species, is a genus so nearly allied to the Chinese Cunninghamia that Zuccarini proposes (in Siebold’s Flora of Japan ii. 9) the union of the two. Dacryduim Franklini is another of our Tasmanian pines (the Huon pine) but this genus, though dis- persed over the Indian Archipelago and New Zealand, is not so far known Australian. Pherospherais another Tasmanian genus of pines, unknown outside the island. These facts have a remarkable bearing on the question of the relations between Tasmaniaand Australia. Time alone prevents me from extend- ing it to other orders. It will afford some idea of the general flora on the coast near the tropics, if I submit just a list of names which I find in my note book, as observed by me at Port Denison, Port Mackay. Thus, among ferns I notice, Acrosticum aurewm, Nephrodium molle, Pteris tremula, Doodia media, Adiantwm hispidum, Phymatodes ixioides. ‘The other plants I shall read just as they occur in my note book, without reference to the order to which they belong : Sponda aspera, Celtis paniculata, Hibiscus tiltaceus, Hibiscus heterophylla, Solanum verbascifo- dium, Commersonia echinata, Cupania sp., Morinda jasmimoides, Lyonsia straminea, Smilax dutifolia, Vincetoxicum sp. Ipomea palmata, £. caprea,Alphitonia excelsa, Alpinia cerulia,Callicarpa pedunculata, Flaggelaria indica, Brassaia actinophylla, Sarcoce- phalus cordatus, Dendrobium undulatum, D. teretifolium, Cymbi- dium canaliculatum, C. Fitzalant, Anacharis alsinastrum, Acanthus ‘ilicifolius, Dalbergia chiusa Thespisum populneum, Exocarpus latifolia, Excecaria agallochia. The latter is said to be one of the most poisonous plants known, almost rivalling the West Indian Manchineel, and belonging to the same order, Euphorbiacea. The smoke from the burning wood is said to produce blindness, and the milky juice will cause ulcers. The latter, however, I have tried, but without success. The whole coast is also fringed with Agiceras fragrans, a kind of mapvgrove which is common in Sumatra, Java, &c. Near the coast Pandanus australis, Avicenna tomentosa (man- grove) Heritiera officinalis (looking glass tree of India) and various fig trees are common. Further inland, on the plains, we have Zristania conferta, Careya Barringtonie, Eucalyptus corymbosa, E. tereticornis, E. Siderephota (?) A species of iron bark, but perhaps distinct trom tkat found further south, E. platyphylla. This is agum tree with immense leaves and silvery bark only growing in the poorest soil in the tropics, but admirably adapted for shade in desert regions. See 50 Mieller’s last report to the Acclimatization Society. The lemon scented gum, or #. citriodora grows only on the mountains on the tropics. Itis without exception the finest of our gum trees, with a smooth bark, and timber almost as close-grained as European box. The leaves emit so powerful an odour of oil of lemonas to be quite pungent. Use has been made of the essential oil by Mr. Bosisto, of Richmond, Victoria, whose original researches into the properties of the Eucalypti have led to their being largely utilized for the purpose of commerce. Mr. Bentham, who has not seen the trees in growth, supposed that H. citriodora might be a variety of H. corymbra, but the trees are as different as possible. In comparing the list of imtroduced plants which have become weeds in East Australia and Tasmania, the difference is very striking, but these differences depend no doubt entirely on soil and climate. Thus you have in Tasmania a large muster of European forms in which the British pre- dominate, owing to the intercourse being chiefly with those islands. It is difficult, however, to account on these grounds alone why some species spread so rapidly and not others. Thus Hypochoeris glabra seems to have taken possession of all your meadows about Hobart Town, and you have already to struggle against such intruders as Cardnus lanceolatus, Cardnus Marianus, Ulex europeus, Rosa rubiginosa. In some parts of Victoria it is Medicago denticulate and Rumesx acetosella, the latter a most dreadful pest to the farmer. In Adelaide and indeed through all the rich plains of South Australia on red soils, Cryptostemma calendulacea excludes al: other vege- tion affording rich green feed in spring only, and then utterly disappearing, except that it leaves a mass of woolly pappus behind it which is a very serious inconvenience to wool growers. In September and October the country is one golden mass with its flowers. It is said to be from the Cape, and was unknown in Australia 25 years ago. But in the more northern part of east Australia, quite a different introduced vegetation presents itself. There it is Sida rhombifera, Lan- tana camera, Verbena bonariensis, Asclepias curasavica, Opun- tia vulgaris, Ageratum Mexicanum, and Alternanthera noaosi- flora. 8S. rhombifera, which is a malvaceous plant, bids fair to be an alarming pest. It is a short twiggy shrub, as tough as whalebone, covering every inch of good soil with a dense scrub of about two or three feet high. It is almost impossible to cut it down, owing to the toughness of its fibre, which may be utilised one day. Preparations of it I have seen made into ropes, &c. It is whiter and more silky than the finest flax. I have been in no part of the tropics where it has not become a common weed. Asclepias curasavica is another plant 51 from Central America. It is avery handsome garden flower, with valuable medicinal qualities. It can be more easily got rid of, but is chiefly remarkable for the rapid way in which has. diffused itself. One observes it everywhere. With it, curiously enough, we have a butterfly of great beauty introduced from Central America or California, Daneis erippus. This insect was unknown in Australia until the plant just named began to spread. The mention of a Lipidopterous insect causes me just to allude to the great difference there is between East Australia and Tasmania in the department vf natural history. Large and beautiful diurnal lepidoptera are very common in East Australia, whereas they are uncommon or unknown in this Island. In the tropics the variety and beauty is astounding, and the numerical abundance of beautiful species is equally surprising. I append a list of the names of a few of the more common noticed by me, and I may add that I have seen no such species in Tasmania, Daneis limniacea, D. erippus, Hypo- limnas lassinassa, Eurycus cressida, Ornithoptera, Richmondiana, Papilio sempronius, P. erithonius, Euplea, Calydryas, Jalmena ictinus, Acmea pygmea, &c. These are the common species which one meets everywhere, but the list would be very much extended if a list of species were given. I proposed in this paper to say something about the land and fresh water mollusca, but I find that is so connected with what I should wish to remark about the mollusca generally, that I must forego any observations, and hope that perhaps I may be able to return to the subject before I leave the island. I will say, however, that the land mollusca afford a very valu- able standard of comparison for small differences in the natural history of different but neighbouring provinces. I have found in North East Australia that where the peculiar features of situation or soil gave a well defined character to any locality, the land mollusca were always also peculiar and well marked, and if the district was small, the habitat of such peculiar species or variety was confined. Thus Helix Whartoni is found confined to one small island inside the Barrier Reef, and Helix Coxent to another. I regard one of these at least as a mere variety of H. Incei, to which also many other socalled species may be reduced. But they are well marked, and constant varieties of one form, and restricted now by geographical features to one habitat. On the main- land, however, in open country, one species sometimes has an immense range without any variation. Thus Helix pachystyla is found allover the plains of the table land as far as Peak Downs. To the south its place is taker by asmall variety, H. pachystyloides, and to the north by H. cerata, perhaps a oe variety of H. infurius. The land shells of Tasmania are all strongly marked species, with very little affinity with those of the east coast, but with analogues in New Zealand. These facts do not bear interpretation yet, but they are in keeping with what is observed in other branches of natural history. With these remarks I must close for the present my observa- tions on the relations between the natural history of Hast Australia and Tasmania, hoping to return to them on a future oceasion. | ERRATA. It is stated at the bottom of page 51 that H. pachystyloides is a southern form. The passage should read thus: H. pachystyloides, is a northern form, and its place in Carpentaria seems to be taken by H. pomum. Hi. cerata, now called Coxi, occurs about Port Denison. The Shell described at page 52 as Helic infurius is Helix informis. It is described by Mousson in the Journal de Conchyliologie, Vol. XVIL., p.59. As it is not found in Dr. Cox’s published list, it may be added that it is peculiar to Port Mackay, and is a large species placed at the head of the group H. Fraseri, Gray, and H. Lessoni Pfr. It has a heavy unshapen aspect, with 63 swollen whorls, forming an obtruse cone 1} inches long. Color, violet-brown, with a pale band visible only when the mouth is held against the light. 53 THE LAUNCESTON TERTIARY BASIN. Second Paper by R. M. Johnston. [Reap llrH Aveust, 1874. ] Having devoted some spare time to the further investiga- tion of the Launceston Tertiary Basin, the taking stock of whatever information I have been enabled to glean since my last communication, may not be uninteresting to the members of the Royal Society. The association of the fossil pines (so abundant throughout the district) with various leaf impressions of other exogens is of considerable importance, as it favours the inference that they belong to the same period. Some, however, who are entitled _ to respect, hold a different opinion, and we must confess that although the leaf impressions referred to are, undoubtedly, recent, and belong to the system in which they are now found, it is by no means conclusive that the silicified pines, especially the waterworn specimens, are of the same age. It is quite possible that much of the latter may be the re-wash of a former period. Without committing myself, I may venture to state that my recent discoveries at Stevenson’s Bend, and Corra Lynn, tend to confirm the opinion that they are of about the same age as the Breadalbane lignites, at any rate, not older, as the tuff or wacke overlying the lignite there, con- tains the remains of a perfect forest of pine trees which, certainly, could not have been washed from an older rock, and no evidence of a foreign matrix can be discerned. Further, as there are numerous instances of the smaller branches maintaining their natural connection with the parent stem, it is almost conclusive that they have not been removed from an older rock, but are really exposed in the original matrix. Corra Lynn AGGLOMERATE. In an exposed cliff section, on the North Esk, near to Corra Lynn, figured by me in a former paper (No. 33), I recently discovered the pine Banksia and two other undeter- mined woods.* One of the latter shows in a transverse section, large porous vessels scattered irregularly, as in the Eucalyptus. The vertical tangential section, however, is very different, the medullary ray bundles being very large, verti- cally elongated, and have the several rows of cellular fibre presenting a square instead ofa roundish net work. Of the © other undetermined wood, I have not had time to make a proper transverse section, but I have satisfied myself that it * T am indebted to my friends, Messrs. A. Weedon and T. Atkinson, for the dis- covery of two of these woods at Corra Lynn. o4 is very different to the others. The medullary ray bundles resemble those in the Elm and other woods, being thick, elliptical, and containing somewhat large porous vessels. See Fig. 19.20. The Pine and Banksia in sections No. 10-13, 16-18, are unmistakably clear, being almost identical in every feature with existing woods of the same class. The tree remains are embedded in many cases ina highly crystalline agglomerate* and have been converted into a carbonate of lime. Towards the centre of the branches or trunks the carbonate is of a black crystalline structure, in which it is either very difficult to trace the original woody structure, or it has altogether dis- appeared. The exterior and weathered portions are of a dullish white color,andshowthe structureadmirably. Many ofthe water-worn silicified pines found elsewhere,appear to be identical in struc- ture with those found here almost in situ, and it is remarkable that many of them (silicified specimens) correspond with some of the Corra Lynn trees, in that they become opaque and structureless towards the centre. May it not be possible that the waterworn silicified specimens, have been derived from a similar rnatrix,to that which encloses the numerous Corra Lynn fossils, and may not the change to a siliceous state have been induced subsequently ? Those of the Fellows skilled in chemistry may be able to say whether this is probable or not, so far as chemical change is concerned. The section in which these fossil woods appear is about 80 feet high, and has been exposed by the North Esk river, which is still undermining its face; the detritus is forming a small island in its immediate vicinity. This section is com- posed of a series of beds of brecciated tuffs, conglomerates and agglomerates, in regular bands, and it abuts horizontally against the Corra Lynn basalt, which latter appears to be much older. Although the agglomerates are all more or less indurated it is the lowest stratum now forming the bed of the river, which appears to have undergone the greatest alteration. Had it not been that certain angular blocks of an altered clay- stone, are found embedded in it, I should have imagined that the older basalt was not thoroughly cooled when the first stratum of agglomerate was thrown down on its surface, but as the altered claystone is found in situ, overlying and in con- tact with the older Corra Lynn basalt, at the bridge over the river, it is most probable that the cause of alteration must have * I use the term agglomerate advisedly, for although a stray block or two of & foreign element enters into its composition, it is very evidently directly formed from the ejecta of a recent volcano in the neighbourhood. 5° been due to the peculiar state or composition of the agglo- merate when deposited in the waters of the lake. ALTERED CLAYSTONE. The claystone, a specimen of which has been sent for inspection, has evidently been metamorphosed by contact with the older basalt, for in a section upon the Launceston and Western Railway at Hunter’s Mill, Perth, the very same claystone is shown to be of considerable thickness. It presents the appearance of abaked pipeclay, being exteriorly ofa whitish colour, and breaking readily into small hardened cubes. When most distant from the underlying basalt, it is soft and friable and internally white ; it becomes more hardened as it approaches the igneous rock, until finally at point of contact it is metamorphosed into a dark close grained crystalline chert, which no longer splits into cubes, but has a smooth conchoidal fracture ; portions now in my possession have extremely sharp edges, very hard, and from descriptions given of native implements. I think it probable that they were manufactured by chippings from this material. I have been informed that this point was a favourite haunt of the aboriginal tribes—hence the name Native Point, given to Mr. Gibson’s estate near to it. The metamorphosed claystone again occurs overlying the same rock in a cutting of the St. Leonard’s road, leading to the railway station, close to Mr. Westbrook’s house. The top surface is frequently polished, and vertically, it often takes a prismatic form. STEVENSON’S BEND. Leaving the Corra Lynn agglomerates—of which I hope soon to be able to say something more—I come to the exposed section at Stevenson’s Bend. I have already spoken of the richness of the fossil leaf impressions at this point. At low water are to be found numerous hardened ferrugineous nodules, which have been washed by the River Tamar from an overhanging band of brecciated nodules, mixed with siliceous pebbles. Most of the concretions are replete with casts of the elm-like leaf figured (1) in my former communication, with here and there the impress of an imbri- cated pine twig, or some strange fossil nut. Sometimes a lucky stroke of the hammer discloses the perfect impression of a new leaf form, a portion of the frond of an unknown fern with its furcate venation, or perhaps the well-defined impres- sion of the bark of some ancient type of tree. All this can be dryly communicated on paper, but only the brethren of the lammer, or those who take a lively interest in the evolution 06 of organic forms, can understand or sympathise with the pleasures of the solitary discoverer. The following then is a description of several new forms discovered in this way at Stevenson’s Bend :— No. 1 is a very handsome concostate leaf of the Cinnamon type. See Cinnamomum polymorphum figured by Lyell from Heer’s work on the Giningen beds. The figure there given, though not identical, closely resembles No.1 in the form of the venation, and in the elliptic shape of the leaf. It is 34 inches long, and 15 inches broad. I have only seen the one impression, and may therefore consider it comparatively rare. No. 14a. is the impression ofa small, costate, possibly, lanceolate leaf. Primary veins straight, numerous, parallel, running out and upwards, at an acute angle to the extremity. Size when perfect, say 15 long and $ broad—not common. No. 60. seems to have been a lanceolate shaped leaf, with venation somewhat similar to that of the leaf of the Solanum nigrum—common. No. 3, pinna of a fern very similar to the pinne of the existing Lomaria lanceolata so common in this neighbourhood. Not common. No. 5 and 6a represent beautifully distinct impressions of the portions of fronds of one of the filmy classof ferns. It resembles Trichomanes or Adiantum in the delicate, spread- ing, repeatedly furcate veins, but differs from most of the species in either, in having a somewhat prominent wavy midrib. It must have been a very graceful fern, and would if now existing prove a formidable rival to the favourite “© Maiden hair.” ‘No. 4. I was particularly struck with the scale-like appear- ance of this impression. The markings bearing so close a resemblance to the stripped surface of the Banksia, I resolved to make a closer comparison. I found by taking a wax impression of the inside face of the dried bark ofthe existing Banksia, that it was indentical in every respect with the fossil cast No. 4. This, with the knowledge that the Banksia in a silicified forms occurs else- where with the pine, prepared me for the discovery of these woods associated together in the original matrix at Corra Lynn. BREADALBANE LIGNITE. I have so frequently referred to this deposit that it may be desirable to point out its position and relation with greater exactness. The stratum of lignite has now been ascertained to be between 3 and 4 feet thick. It is generally very impure oT and frequently contains the entire, though much compressed, trunks and branches of trees. The woods are evidently a lignified form of those preserved in a carbonate of lime at Corra Lynn. One tree is very remarkably preserved, the concentric rings and medullary rays with the tissue, are mest curiously twisted and contorted by compression. Notwith- standing this, the large porous vessels, and the thick medullary bundles are distinctly visible. The tissue of the pines is scarcely visible in most of those which I have examined.* The descending order of the beds at the Big Cutting is as follows :— Thickness in feet. Maperticial Chocolate SOs... cess. cvesnersac sn seeegeres 2 to 3 Basalt, more or less consolidated and columnar ; with tuffs more or less regularly stratified by MUPRUETRACELOW 7 warctniv cs iciel-a-igte ave du acces Smee nate: 50 to 60 Conglomerate, composed of waterworn rounded fragments of the overlying basalt, mixed with waterworn siliceous pebbles.................0ceeceeeee 3 to 4 Series of whitish arenacious clays ...............080+8 20 to 30 Lignite more or less impure, with embedded trunks and branches of pine, and other trees with large POLO SEVEGSEISS, 80 fciia ss donate divest tdi nemedwetn’s 3 Whiteand greyish arenacious clays—of great though unknown depth. The lignite is thus shown to have been deposited long prior to the more recent volcanic eruptions, and therefore belongs to the Lower Zone, as defined by me inmy former paper. The beds of clay and sand ofthe Lower Zone, so far as I can see, preserve a characteristic white or greyish appearance through- out the group. They are of great thickness and extent, and the section cutting through the Big Hill, may be taken asa fair example of the formation of the many curiously rounded hills throughout this very beautiful district. The metamorphosed claystone at Hunter’s Mill, Perth, Corra Lynn, St. Leonards, most probably belong to the group, and if so, the Lower Zone (upper and lower boundary) may be indicated by having its lower members resting upon,and possibly altered by contact with the older basalts, while its upper members are immediately overspread by the more recent. It is probable from its height, position, and other circum- stances, that Cocked Hat Hill has been the central vent of the more recent eruption, in this neighbourhood. Its appear- * T have since been successful in obtaining sections which show the pine structure admirably. Although the lignites for the most part are composed of the remains of pine trees, yet the intercalated leaf-beds indicate the existence of a rich and varied vegetation of another class. (Seo figs, 14 and 16.) 08 ance, now that the trees have been removed, is not very suggestive of the name, whatever it, once, may have been. Its cone, rising from the centre of the lake, and composed for the most part of unconsolidated tuff would soon yield to that greatest of all levellers—water—and this may account for its present tame and rounded appearance. PROBABLE EXTENT OF THE LAKE BAsIN. Taking into consideration the existing levels of the plains and valleys, whose water-shed is received by the Tamar, and bearing in mind the great altitude of the highest beds of the system, the waters of this old lake must have covered not less than 600 square miles of what now is the most fertile and cultivated portion of the island of Tasmania. Itis also evident that had it not been for the distribution by the waters of the lake of the ejecta of the more recent volcanic eruption, that those plains which are now so fertile, would be most sterile and unproduc- tive. In support of the opinion that the waters of the lake extended along the great vaileys and plains in the direction of Fingal, Ross, Westward Plains, and the Tamar Valley, I may state the following observations. Stratified beds of the system are found at least 500 feet above the existing beds of the water courses. In a shaft sunk toa depth of 40 feet, by Mr. Grant, of Tullochgorum, near to his house, he passed through arenacious clays containing lignites identical with those of Breadalbane. Fossil leaves are also found closely resembling those found at Muddy Creek. The same whitish arenacious clays and sands were found to nearly a depth of 100 feet, in a well sunk by Mr. Fincham near to Cleveland. It is evident, therefore, that the extent is not over-estimated, and that there must have been a very slight separation between the borders of the lake and the Derwent Valley. DENUDATION. Another remarkable feature is the amount of denundation of the system that appears to have taken place. Throughout the whole basin, but more especially in the Launceston and Breadalbane districts, the waste in scooping out the existing vallevs must have been immense. The level ofthe swamp at Launceston is at least 500 feet below the stratified drift of the same system in its immediate neighbourhood, and it is no exaggeration to say that 15 to 20 miles of strata 400 to 400 feet thick, have been swept away from the immediate vicinity of Launceston alone. 99 RELATION To SIMILAR OR CONTEMPORANEOUS Deposits. The irregular upheaval of the coast line at Table Cape must have been local, and occasioned probably by the same forces which erupted the recent lava. Mr. Allport also speaks of the travertin, near Hobart Town, having been altered by recent in- trusion in that neighbourhood. Admitting the eruptive forces to be contemporaneous, which is extremely probable, we should be able to classify these respective deposits as belonging to, or rather contemporaneous with the Lower Zone of the Laun- ceston Basin. The resemblance of the leaf impressions in the tavertin, and the nature of the fossil shells at Table Cape, tend to confirm this opinion. Among the Table Cape shells now in my possession I have noted the following genera :— Bivalves Univalves Lima Murex Pecten Conus Ostrea Pleurotoma Pectunculus Typhis Cucullea Siliquaria Tellina Natica Astarte ? Turritella Corbula Trochus Crassatella Cerithium Trigonia Scalaria Terebratula Cyprea Cardium ? Ancillaria Leda Voluta Nucula Dentalium, Sponges and Corallines, abundant. In the stratigraphically arranged British fossils, by J. W. Lowry, F.R.G.S., it is interesting to notice how closely the British Eocene fossil shells resemble those of Table Cape ; many species are exactly identical, e.g. Typhis, Nucula, Leda, but yet, the proportion of extinct to living forms will hardly warrant us, in calling the Table Cape Shells Eocene unless in the homotaxial sense according to Mr. Huxley. In conclusion, I may sum up the various points in this com- munication as follows :— lst. The association of the fossil pine trees with the Banksia and other recent fossil woods, in the original matrix at Corra Lynn, indicates that they belong to about the period during which the Lower Zone beds were deposited, and con- sequently of comparatively recent date. 2nd. The relations of the lake system with other systema 60 and deposits may very possibly be according to the following order :— Deposits of Pig Island, Mt. Ste- wart, Stevenson’s Bend. ( Windmill Hill beds. \ q Recent basalt Travertin Beds, Hobart, and Breadalbane, Cleveland, Fingal,|raised beach Table Cape Basin ower Zone} Muddy Creek,arenacious clays, Launceston |Upper Zone Tertiary |Middle Zone Metamorphosed Claystone. Older basalt, Beds of the Mount Nicholas, Ben Lomond. coal seams of Jerusalem series. Tasmania. |Mersey series. 3rd. The height of the remains of the original strata of the system indicates that the lake must have stretched over a very wide expanse of country in the direction of the lower valleys and plains, and that its extent must have been not less than 600 square miles. The denundation which has taken place subsequently has also been referred to as being very great. GENERALLY. The old lake basin carries us back to a time long prior to the recent volcanic period, and is a very important link in the chain connecting us with our Tasmanian coal measures. The Lower Zone, with its many hundred feet of whitish arenacious clays, and intercalated lignites, speak of a time of long con- tinued repose, and of a time sufficiently remote to antedate the present characteristic vegetation of our island. Certainly we might here and there trace a representative of our existing Bunksia, and possibly a few near relations to our pines and ferns, but the vegetation fringing the margins of this magnificent expanse of water, would appear very different to that which wearenow accustomed tosee; and if we may judge from the character and abundance of the leaf remains, the Jandscape must have presented a scene of wondrous beauty. Whether those forests ever echoed the ‘‘ Cooey’” of some ancient race of man, or whether the quiet waters of the lake were ever disturbed by some primitive paddle, there is no intelligence. The record of the rocks are as silent as are the voices of that race which, with the exception of a solitary individual, has just passed away. 61 EXPLANATION OF FOSSIL FIGURES. No. 1.—Fossil leaf of the cinnamon type; natural size. Locality: Stevenson’s Bend. No. 2.—Section of fossil nut ; natural size. Locality : tevenson’s Bend. No. 3.—Fossil impression of the pinna. of a fern closeiy re- sembling the existing Lomaria; natural size. Locality : Steven- son’s Bend. No. 4.—Impression of the inner face of the bark of a fossil Banksia ; natural size. Locality : Stevenson’s Bend. Nos. 5 and 6.—Fossil impression of a fern having a close re- semblance to the frond of an existing Trichomanes or Adiantum ; natural size. Locality : Stevenson’s Bend. No. 7.—Fossil impression of a leaf from the stratified tuff over- lying the lignites at Breadalbane ; natural size. Nos. 8 and 9.—Fossil impressions of leaves from the Lower Zone arenacious clays, Breadalbane, and closely associated with the lignites there ; natural size. No. 10.—Transverse section of a small branch of a fossil Banksia, showing the mode in which the medullary rays are arranged ; natural size. Locality: Corra Lynn. No. 11.—Vertical section of the same magnified 350 diameters, to show the pitted duct. No. 12.—Transverse section ditto, showing the arrangement of the large porous vessels ; magnified 50 diameters. No. 13.—Vertical-tangential section, ditto, showing larze bundles of medullary rays ; magnified 50 diameters. No. 14.—Transverse section of an undetermined wood from the lignites, Breadalbane ; magnified 50 diameters. No. 14a.—Fossil leaf impression ; natural size. Locality : Stevenson’s Bend. No. 15.—Vertical-tangential section of ditto ; magnified 50 diameters. No. 16.—Vertical tangential section of a fossil pine ; magnified 50 diameters. No. 17.—Transverse section of ditto ; magnified 350 diameters. No, 18.—Vertical section of ditto, showing glandular ducts. magnified 350 diameters. Locality : Longford gravel beds. No. 19.—Transverse section of an undetermined fossil wood, from the agglomerates at Corra Lynn ; magnified 50 diameters, No, 20.—Vertical-tangential section of ditto, showing elongated bundles of medullary rays composed of muriform tissue ; magni- fied 50 diameters. 62 Nos. 21 and 22.—Fossil fruit, associated with the lignites, Breadalbane ; magnified 2 diameters. No. 23.—Fossil nut, grooved, associated with the fossil pines in stratified tuff or ash, at Fossil Cutting, Breadalbane ; slightly magnified. No. 24.—Fossil impression of the Cone (?) of a densely imbricated pine ; magnified 2} diameters. Locality : Stevenson’s Bend. No. 25.—Fossil seed vessel, associated with the lignites at Breadalbane ; magnified 25 diameters, Bar. 37 feet) aby.sea level) Self-Registering Wind corrected &| Thermometers. : | Day of mont. 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Mean monthly COOMA NFONWH reduced. | 29°927 30°190 30°111)60 42 30°238 30°184166 44 '30°000|29-984 62/48 Vil. MAY, 1874. PrivaTE OBSERVATORY, Hopart Town. ° | TLowest in shade. 30°111|30°092'58)/42 30°136|30°104/66|44 30°095|29°914/62)/48 29°661)29°600)71|50 29°680/29 °627|68/45 29 394/29 °326|66/45 29°533/29°480|61/46 29°546|29°398/58)47 29°850|29°808/55/45 '30°129|29°985/58/44 30°410/30°400/68/46 30°421/30°334/64'50 30°371/30°330)62: '30°366/30°112/65)/40 53°50 . f my i | 3 6 & oar ea Gas ob .2 bo : Ss =] q EI = it ~» | & 6c 2 a2 aes 238 ae a 3) Sea 62 oo | E HSS aa jan] | A os 93°5 | 40°0 NW 78 95'0 | 42°5 NW SE 52 96'5 | 46-0 NW SEH 52 72°0 | 40°5 SE 0 63°5 | 40°0 SE SW 23°44 85°0 | 40:0 NW 5:97 65°0 | 42:0 NW 0° 94°0 | 40°0 SE SW 52 91°5 | 38:0) NW NE SE 0° 91°0 | 40°5 NW 78 69°0 | 41:0 NW E 0: 72:0 | 43:0) SE SW SE O72 65°5 | 40°0 SW SE 52 83'0 | 31°0 NW NE 52 62°5 | 35:0 NW 1°04 89°0 | 36:0 NW ay 60°0 | 45°0 NW 0° 91°0 | 45:0 NW ‘26 89°0 | 40°5 NW 0° 71:0 | 39:0 NW SE P59 81.5 | 40.0| NW W NW 1°04 60°5 | 43°5 SW 1°56 60°0 | 39°0 SW 6°25 42°0 | 40°0) SW SE SW 1°56 91°0 | 39:0) SW NE SE Os 85'0 | 31°0 NW SW °26 81°d | 30°0 NW SW 78 86°5 | 30°0 NW “52 61°0 | 31:5} NW SW SE 26 85'0 | 34:0 NW 0° 85°5 | 38°5} SE SW NW 78 78:0 38°76 Total Force 54°65 Barometer mean, 29°927in., being ‘046in. above the average. Temperature mean, 53°20°, being 2°88° above the average. Solar intensity mean, 73'0°, being 4°16° above the ditto. Dew point mean, 47°'0°, being 3°17° above the ditto. Humidity of air mean, ‘79, being ‘01 per cent. below ditto. Elastic force of vapour mean, ‘323, being ‘019 per cent. above the ditto. Total amount of rain, 3°73in., being 1°‘96in. above the ditto. Increase of spontaneous evaporation on rainfall, 0°64in. (a Sel = BE 3 | 2 AS) o | » & ves 6 3s Som ea Mean amount of ozone, 5°23, being 1°62 of chromatic scale below ditto. Electricity active on the Sth, 9th, 10th, 21st, 26th, 25th, 30th and 31st. nil during the rest of the month. An aurora on the 9th. A fresh fall of snow on Mount Wellington on the 31st. FRANCIS ABBOTT. The 30 years’ standard tables are used for obtaining the difference from the average. Feeble and Leafing, Flowering, and Fruiting of a few Standard Plants in the Royal Society's Gardens during the month, 10th.—First Medlar ripe. 14th.—Ceronilla Glanca commencing to flower. 18th.—Photinia serralata ditto 24th.—Diosma alba ditto. 28th.—Spireea prunifolia fl, ploeno ditto. Slst.—Ailanthus glandulosus, leaves all fallen. Vili. The following are the results of the observations made at New Norfolk during the month :— Barometer, mean, of three daily readings, 29°937in. Thermometer, ditto 51°41°. Ditto max. and min. in shade, 51°22°. Elastic force of vapour, °365in. Humidity of air, ‘94. Rainfall, 1°80in. Evaporation, ‘85in. Excess of rainfall over evaporation, ‘95in. Mean amount of cloud, 6°25. Ozone, 6°5. W. E. SHOOBRIDGE. JUNE, 1874. PRIVATE OBSERVATORY, Hopart Town. oad LI Bar. 37 feet, \d 2S) 8 abv.sea level Self-Registering | g « g ® corrected &| Thermometers. Wind. q Og | 3s reduced. | = ee = F 22/8): ae | 3 |= ee » pie fi ire RD = een SI =) ote pe iB, Direction from = 2 2 Bs os 2 =| ae 2 Ae a © | three dailyre/so | 2 [4 eee “| @ ca a a Ws #2 | gisters. “~< |= |= t2e0e mesic os |e 25 | 8 | a saeeue | (bo o Ne of EB |B a e ile SlounS Ahm) Ae] Be | a i mee Eee ieEcec Core ¢ ‘mas 1/30°164 30°134 64 44 | 87-0 | 35°0 NW 52 2 g28 + 2/30°126 30°029 62 45 | 680 | 38°0| NWSE "78 |010| 3) Saas 3/30-248 30-241 59'47 | 60°5 | 39°0| SENWSE 26 |0°05| 2 oe 4/30°234 30°198 65.55 | 82°0 | 40°5 NW 1:04 | ee eee 5 30°200 30°057 57 50 | 64:0 | 45°0) NW 1°56 a) tate aati 6/30-045 29.871 67 51 | 82°5 | 435) NW 78 So 8 es 7|29-600 29'479 75 49 | 840 | 390 WNWSW |0- |04519 E28 5 8|30°153 30°011 62 45 | 65°5 | 32:5, SWSE 73/014} g§25 8 9/30°280 30:217 6236 | 87:0 | 30-0 NW “78 = moo 3 10 30-226 30:217 61 43 | 82°5 | 320 NWSE 96 | 0°02) 3° oi eee 11/30-237 30°194 59.47 | 64-0 | 40-0 NW 0 = \fea eS 12|30°214 30°166 61 48 | 71°5 | 40-0 NW 0 3 Bn & 13|30-000 29°940 56 44 | 71°5 | 34:0 NWSE SW | 0° | 0°28) 2 ~2° 8 14/30:006 30:000 53 45 | 67°5 | 40-0) SE 3°64 015 | 2) 22S 15 30°086 30°014 56 42 | 82:0 | 370, NW NE 26 a SS 16|30°077 30-056 54 34 | 76°5 | 30°5 NW 1°30 a 378 g 17,30°069 30-021 55 37 | 76:0 | 31:0 NW 3°64 ~ &S2 8 18 29-977 29:822 54.40 | 65°5 | 81°5 NW 78 8 $83 < 19 30-012 29-980 59 40 | 77°0 | 31:0 NW 52 a eae 20|29°777 29°604 57 38 | 68:0 | 30°01} NW SW 26 |0°50!] « een 21|29°341 29-276 59 52 | 61°5 | 34:0 SE 52/076) 3 28a 3 22|29°485/29°403 55 52 | 58°5 | 33°55] “NW SE 26 | 0°43 | 8 seas 23 29984 29'940 55 49 | 59°0 | 35-0 SE 2/004) m Eaga § 24/30°192 30-098 53 42 | 59-0 | 33:0) NW SW 52 0-03 | 2. |, eee 25/30°299 30°100 53 40 | 59°5 | 36:5) SW NE SW | 0 eee es ry © 26/30°308 30:250 57 42 | 57:0 | 35:0. NW NE NW| 78 5° =o 4 27|30-289 30-220 58 38 | 76°5 | 28-0 NW 52 4 Supls 28|30°102 29-975 55 39 | 70°5 | 32:5) WNW SW 2001) 5. sas 2¢ 29 29-906 29°887 62 45 | 81°5 | 40-0 NW 26 sg 2s 8 30 30°011 eae 65.45 | 820 | 35°5 NW 52 £2 2% ie \ oO. O0 = ak lee a Gene __|#2 2p 22 Monthly mean 49°41 |71°57 35°42) Total Foree 2601296; 28 SEF 23 Ss a.a om Barometer mean, 3C’022in., being 0°13lin. above the average. Temperature mean, 49°41°, being 2°32° above the average. Solar intensity mean, 71°57°, being 3°92° below the average. Dew point mean, 42°8°, being 1°11° above the average. Humidity of air mean, ‘82, being 01 per cent. below the average. Elastic force of vapour mean, ‘284, being ‘015 per cent. above the average. Total amount of rain, 2‘96in ,being 1"16in. above the average. Increase of rain on spontaneous evaporation 2°15in. Mean amount of ozone, 5°20, being 1°41 of chromatic scale below the average. Electricity feeble and nil all through the month. Mount Wellington covered with fresh snow on the 15th. FRANCIS ABBOTT. The 30 years’ standard tables are used for obtaining the difference from the average. ix! Leafing, Flowering, and Fruiting of a few Standard Plants in the Royal Society’s Gardens, during the month. 16th.—Maclaura auractiaca leaves commencing to shed. 18th.—Common Privet ditto ditto. 24th.—Calycanthus przecox in full flower. 25th.—Early Narcissus commencing to flower. 25th.—Snowflake, ditto ditto. 30th.—Black Mulberry leaves all shed. Results of Meteorological Observations made at New Norfolk during June, 1874 :— Barometer mean of three daily readings, 30°054 inches. fee meter mean of ditto, 44°92, ditto mean of maximum and minimum in shade, 44°63. Solar intensity mean, 65'2°. Terrestrial radiation mean, 34°1. Mean temperature of dew point, 42°80. Elastic force of vapour, mean, ‘292in. Humidity of air, ‘96. Mean amount of cloud, 7°68. Ditto ozone, “746, scale 0°10. Prevailing wind, W. Damp and foggy weather. W. E. SHOOBRIDGE, Valleyfield. x JULY, 1874. PRIVATE OBSERVATORY, Hospart Town. on oo Bar. 37ft abv ( een = 3 sea level,cor-| Self-registering Wind = a o rected and) Thermometers. ae 6s ote! reduced. R= 5 Pa A s.2 ¢ : g Ses ter oo gis EM gee: ab 3 _ |2 se eeeeeee i a\5 | 4 2 o'n re r= ael| a] 6) Sse 28 | 2) Goes nee Ei Sig} S| 8] 8e8. |se|4 la )Seeeuees ~ : ~ ~ een ial sree ele 8.) el gee ea |2 }8' Les 8 2 a: B lme| ‘x E eter Bola |. Ses see C4 aD ° sy ° oe out S & a Gs ao tt & Aes ila | we | Ss A |S Sac = al ae a —— | ee Ta. se A Ae ® aa 5 8 1/30°056 29°975 61.46 | 62°5 37°5 NW SE 0° 1:04] * ate eee 2|30°022 29-978 59 49 | 60-0 36-0 SE SW 78°|0:32,) 20s eee es 3/30-222 30°169 60 45 | 73:0 365 | WNW SE | 0 | 3 e979 9 3 4|30°230 30°194 57 38 | 63°0 29-0 NW 1-04 Sy eas 5|29-942 29-795 58 40 | 60°5 33:0 NW 26 O°.) ER ee 6| 29-853 29°630 54 40 | 59°5 315 SW ‘78 0°04) 4 2 ee ue an 7| 29-934'29°738'56 49 | 67-0 31:5 NW W 120/001), = aa See 8|29°561 29°245 56 50 | 605 33:0| SE NW 1°04 |0-14 | 2 (Rees 9/29°302 29:040 56 46 | 740 345] W SW /1302|0131— 850 3 $ 10|29°859 29°714 56 47 | 69:5 |34-0 E NW 78 | o Saher 11) 29°870 29°852 60 48 | 74:0 40-0 SW NW | 130/002! 4) | (Sauce 12/30 010 29°950'58 44 | 615 39:0 | SE SW 78 |0-19| 5 ao SS 13/30°155 30112 56 39 | 79°0 30:0 | NWESW 52 |0-03|.2 Besa eee 14|30°172 30-076 58 38 | 77:0 29°5 NW 1-04 oS See 15/30'138 3007856 30 | 78°5 |27°0 NW 1°04 =) 3 oe 16|29°934 29°784 58 45 | 69:0 37:0 NW 1:30 |02 |g!) Seon 17| 29-940 29°922 58 44 | 81°5 35°5 NW 1-04 2 Pee 18|30°087 30°070 60 46 | 81:0 |41°0 NW 1°30 = Seo) ieee 19/30-294 30:258'56 45 | 77°5 360 | NW SESW | ‘52 a ges Sens 20/30'449 30°436'60 42 | 81-0 31:5 NW 26 4 mds 3 8 21/30-477 30°439 62 42 | 75:0 |28°0 NW 52 = ig Be ee 22|30°451 30°340/59 43 | 76°0 (31°5 NW "78 | a Soe 23/30°272 30°142 56 40 | 74:0 31:0| WNW 78 o FER Coe 24/29 996 29°812 64 42 | 80°5 35:0 NW 52 3 eo 8a « 25|29°782 29°693 60 46 | 77°5 |425 | SW W SE 78 og See eee 26|30°087|30°050'62 38 | ‘83-0 (28:5 NW 52 Se wee 27|30°200|30°137 63 35 | 82-0 27°5 NW 52 af adh 23 B 28|30°177/30°134 63 38 | 82-0 |29-0 NW 1°04 nd S28 cane 29|30°080 29° ‘987 62 36 | 81'5 |29-0 NW 1-04 if S56 eo 30|29-950 29°891/58 34 | 60:0 33:5 | W NWSW | 0° Sy Hen Sao 31 20°928 29°870, 61 40 | 84-0 33:0 | NW E SE 26 008! 29 2 ee ae eee pee et) ee ee re} . Monthly mean| 49-0 | 78°20 38°88, Total Foree...85°38 |2-04 fi 688 a8 & 29-998 | \ # @h > Barometer mean, 29°998in., being 0°131lin. above the average. Temperature mean, 49°0°, being 2°93° above the ditto. Solar intensity mean, 73°20°, being 2°88° below the ditto. Dew point mean, 42°8°, being 2:05° above the ditto. Humidity of air mean, ‘74. being ‘05 below the per cent. ditto. Elastic force of vapour ‘263, being ‘005 per cent. above the ditto. Total amount of rain, 2°02in., being 0°0S8in. per cent. below the ditto. Increase of rain-fall on spontaneous evaporation, 1°3Gin. Mean amount of ozone, 2°90, being 2°20 of chromatic scale below the ditto. Electricity, nil 3 days, "feeble, 7 days, and active 21 days. Snow on Mount Wellington all through the month, with a fresh deposit on the mountain and low hills on the 9th. FRANCIS ABBOTT. Leafing, Flowering, and Fruiting of a few Standard Plants in the Royal Society’s Gardens during the month. 10th.—Garrya elliptica in full flower. 16th.—Arbutus unedo commencing to flower 24th.—Yellow crocus in flower. 28th.—Almond in full flower. 30th.—White mulberry commencing to leaf. Xi. The following are the results of observations made at New Norfolk during the month : Barometer mean, of 3 daily readings, corrected and reduced, 30°025 inches. Wind, total force for month, 16°38lbs., prevailing direction, W. Temperature mean of three daily readings, in shade, 44°66’. Ditto ditto of maximum and minimun, in ditto, 44°27°. Solar intensity mean, 67°10. Terrestial radiation, 31°22. Elastic force of vapour, “282in. Humidity of Air, ‘93. Mean temperature of dew point, 42°36. Rainfall for June, 1'S0in., in excess of evaporation, 1°23in. Ditto for July, 1:77in., ditto ditto, 1°04. Evaporation for June, ‘57in. Ditto for July, ‘73in. Clouds, mean amount, 6°36. Ozone ditto, 8°. W. E. SHOOBRIDGE, Valleyfield. _— -—--__ — AUGUST, 1874. PRIVATE OBSERVATORY, Hopart Town. ste) 1iGL© Bar. 37 feet (4 Es abv. sealevel| Self-Registering Wind | | * a9 corrected &| Thermometers. reas 2 a8 reduced. | Ss Sake et) ener 3|¢ f S &RS Bleed (8. |.) ee slg [2 35 a p= Br 3 a és\ies gle} I aa 8 = a | n a se ie | oy se S ale q S 3 ae 14 os aa e| ele) toe ° Ars aia Wo. | | ngs th 3 hil. k » es Coie | « nS ‘S oO wR Gla 3 a1 EO ie hed -~ 3S og See vials | a | 2 gE EA a ae eels Ble |e le|S)/2) £88 [Eee |S 28% Sa ha iia | a | a me ly be OP —|—+ |__| _|__-| —__ ee ae a = ee Je 253 1/29 944|29:921'57|36 | 65:0 | 27°0| SE SW 1°56 Bae oars 2|30°000|29-944'54/34 | 80:0 | 27:5, NW SE 1:30 | 0:07 | ‘G45 3/30:095|30-041\54'42 | 65°5 | 36°5| SW SE 731010| 7 exes 4|30 064/30-003 54'40 | 81:0 | 37:0, NW NE 26 2. fee 5|29°832|29°772 58/32 | 79:0 | 27°5| NW NESE ‘78 SB 66s 6|29°940|29'914 63 36 | 87-0 | 29°0| NWE SW | 0- relates = lac ee 7|30°162|30°137|65 34 | 94°5 | 27:0) NW NE E 26 | a 8¢8 8|30°208|30°192 64.43 | 88-0 | 34°0 NW E ‘26 Siero 9|30°172|29-982 65 36 | 89-0 | 30°5 NW 26 {3 fea 10|29°906|29°821\66 41 | 92°5 | 35:0 NW 52 2 5°8 11|29°754|29°674 67/40 | 91:0 | 36:0 NW ‘52 [0-01 | & g 2° 12|29°792|29°701 62/42 | 81:0 | 35:0; NW SW 1:30 oe Gg) Ores 13|30-048|30-022 63/36 | 87-0 | 30°0| NW SE “52 | og the 14|30°000|29°894 64/34 | 86°5 | 28°0 NW 1°30 S was 15|29°670|29-604 65/38 | 68°0 | 315) NWSE 18) 00'S |p een! ENS 16| 29°832| 29-789 64/36 | 90°5 | 30:0, NWSE 52 S$ 2 4 17|29°558|29°293 61/35 | 75:0 | 28:0 NW 26: |0°06 | Eh Borg 18|29°535|29°417 60/41 | 86-0 | 34°5 NW 1°30 lomo | 19| 29°887|29°816 56/40 | 65°5 | 32°5) NW 1-04 | 4 2. 20|30'021|29°953 68/43 | 67-0 | 31:0. NW_NE SW | 1:30 5 eae 21|30°184|30°126 65/34 | 90°5 | 29°0 NW ‘78 a A eS 22/30°144|29'874 68/36 | 85:5 | 3155 NW N 104 ]015| FER 23|29°406/ 29-236 69/49 | 94°0 | 45:0 NW 1:04 01112. 9” & 24) 29°037|28°926 65/41 | 90°5 | 37:0, NW NE ‘78 | 0-28 | S88 S25 25|29°446|29°209 57/41 | 60-0 | 40-0 S SE 166 |012;42 see 26/29°701|29°654/58/40 | 87°5 | 36-0/ = SW 5:99 EIS 27|29°777|29°729 66|33 | 92°0 | 28°5 NW Ss ‘52 10°08 | Sa 9. 5 28|29°792|29-734|66|35 | 91:0 | 29°5) WN NW | -78|006j a8 SS 29|29°742|29-667|62|36 | 87:0 | 30°5| W SE E 62 10041 Sa Bw 30/29°600|29:406|62|36 | 76:5 | 32:0} SW W 2 \o01' 88 BEA 31|29°869|49'849|57|/38 | 75°5 | 30°5} NE NW 11°56 |-—|e. e Es =) Lee 2 eng eS Eee Monthly mean'50°77 82°50) 32°0) Total force 30°43 ea & A 29°792 The relations of the quantities of rain which fell under the different winds are registered each evening at sundown. The 80 years’ standard tables are used for obtaining the difference from the average. Xi. Barometer mean, 29°792in., being 0°028in. below the average. Temperature, mean, 50°77°, being 2°30° above the ditto. Solar intensity, mean, 82°50°, being 0°32° below the ditto. Dew point mean, 40°8°, being 0°72° below the ditto. Humidity of air mean, °71, being ‘08 per cent. below the ditto. Elastic force of vapour mean, *261, being ‘008 per cent. below the ditto. Total amount of rain, 1‘08in., being 0°64in. below the ditto. Increase of spontaneous evaporation on rain-fall, 0°42in. Mean amount of ozone, 5°70, being 1°76 of chromatic scale below ditto. Electricity active all through the month, with the exception of three days, namely on the Ist, 17th, and 25th. Snow never absent from Mount Wellington, with frequent fresh deposits. FRANCIS ABBOTT. Leafing, Flowering, and Fruiting of a few standard plants in the Royal Society’s Gardens during the month. 8th.—Elder commencing to break. 1ith.—Horse chestnut, ditto. 14th.-—-Gooseberries, ditto. 18th.—Elm (Ulmus campestris) commencing to flower. 20th. — Upright poplar, commencing to break. 21st.—Royal apricot, commencing to flower. Results of Observations taken at New Norfolk for the month. Barometer mean, of three daily readings, corrected and reduced, 29°804in. . Temperature, mean, of ditto, 45°49". Solar, intensity, 81°. Terrestrial Radiation, 30°25”. Dew point, mean position, 41°55.° Humidity of air, °90. Elastic force of vapour, °281in. Rainfall, 1°79in ; in excess of evaporation ‘06in. Evaporation, 1°74in. aie Mean daily amount of cloud, 5°33 F Ditto, ditto, Ozone, 8°27. Scale, 0°10 Wind force, in Ibs. per square foot, 24°94. Valleyfield. W. E. SHOOBRIDGE. Xili. SEPTEMBER, 1874. PRIVATE OBSERVATORY, Hopart Town. Bar. 37 feet abv.sea level] Self-Registering corrected &| Thermometers. Wind. reduced. o|2 = ' pe é g/2 | ¢ | 2 gf os ~~ Sih 5 x o5. Pe) a i: pe Bo Saii| oS ° a\e I =| E =& = ao ; es Ua Rs ° ad an ao a 77) + [nly 7? » a OR sees ores a on 3} oe 25 bm) "en E |= | ‘o | E Biles! no = Oo [-=|0 nt } m iS) Al & Himigd!} © |] fan) ey nee eel 2-2 y : 1{29°857|29°806|60|46 | 84:0 |42°0 NW SE 1°04 2/29 °'792|29°698}58|/43 | 65°5 |41°0 SE 8 1°30 3|29°679|29°436|60/41 | 85°5 |38°5 WwW NW 1°56 4|29°314'29°257|67|45 | 940 |40°0 N NW W |10°98 5|29°563|29°504|64|44 | 90°0 |40°0 NW L0°68 6|29°157|29°086|60|42 | 86°5 /38°5 NW 7°80 7|29°387|29°287 55/39 71°0 |30°0 SW W 15°62 8/29°850|29°766]56/35 | 88°0 |28°0 SWs 8°33 9/30°187|30°@81|62/37 | 95°0 |31°0 NW SE ‘78 10|30°129 | 30°082/66/38 | 98°0 |31°5 NW §S 1:04 11}|29°994|29°924/61/36 | 96°0 |31°0 NW SW ‘78 12/30 °054|30°026|64/34 | 97:0 |28°0 NW SE 1°04 13|30°053)29°942/62/41 | 86°0 |32°5 NW SE 78 14)29°945 29°718]64/42 | 85°0 |36°0 NW SE 78 15|29°791|29°785|61|46 | 90°0 |41°0 S SE +52, 16|29°898|29°871|59/45 | 90°0 |40°0 S "52 17 |29°938!29°845|66!/41 | 95°0 |40°0 NW NES 78 18]29 556) 29°330/61|39 | 84:0 |32°5 NW 5°86 19/29°504|29°430|59)43 | 69°5 |39°0 WSWS 10°4 20|29°476|29°433/61/33 | 92:0 128-0 N SES 1°30 21/29°540|29°412)56/38 | 69°0 |34°0 SWS 3°64 22|29°642)|29°615|62'36 | 97°0 |30°0 SW 1°56 23)/29°858}29°771161/389 | 88:0 |3L°5 NWN 1°30 24/29°788) 29°670|65|41 | 89°5 |35°5 SW NW ay 25|29°648)|29°633]61|42 | 98:0 |40°0 NW SE aye 26|29°674|29°641|58'37 | 93°0 131°5 | NW SE NW | 1:04 27|29°915)|29°900153'43 | 62°5 |30°0 SES 6°80 28 |29°921|29°802157/39 | 8$9°0 |34°0 S SE 1°04 29 |30°109|30'058]56)41 | 86°0 |35°5 S SE 7°80 30130°258|30°252|59'43 | 87°5 |39°0 S SE 26 Monthly mean|52°21 | 86°70/34°82/Tota] Force .. 29°740 eee Rain in inches. 1°75 Barometer mean, 29°740in., being 0°033in. below the average. Temperature mean, 52°21°, being 2°18 below the average. Solar intensity mean, 86°70°, being 10°42° below the ditto. Dew point mean, 41°9°, being 0°34 below the ditto. Humidity of air mean, ‘7010, being 06 per cent. below the ditto. Elastic force of vapour mean, ‘276, being ‘004 per cent. below the ditto. Total amount of rain, 1°75in., being 0°45in. below the ditto. Increase of spontaneous evaporation on rainfall, 0°59in. Mean amount of ozone, 6°40, being 152 of chromatic scale below ditto. Electricity active all through the month, 43 positive, 15 average, and 2 nil on the 3rd. a height of 192 feet and the force of a uniform velocity during the The supposition, however, and the results can be considered only approximately correct. pee Se ee ee ee The mean in all cases is taken from the sums of the three daily registers, and not from the maxi- mum and minimum. The relations of the quantities of rain which fell under the different, winds are registered each The direction of the wind is registered from currents moving at evening at sundown. according to Lind’s Wind Guage. month is a very arbitrary one, Strong and vivid lightning on the 3rd, without thunder, from S.S.W. Heavy fall of snow on the 6th; covering the Mountain and low hills, and which was never absent from Mount Wellington during the month. FRANCIS ABBOTT. The 30 years’ standard tables ar o used for obtaining the difference from the average. XiyY. Leajing, Flowering, and Fruiting of a few standard plants in the Royal Society's Garden during the month. 12th.—Common Ash commencing to break into leaf. 17th.—Grape vines, ditto, ditto. 18th.—Moutan Peony commencing to flower. 21st.—Common oak commencing to leaf. 26th-—Horsechestnut commencing to flower. 30th.—Robinia pseudo Acacia commencing to leaf. Results of Meteorological Observations taken at New Norfolk for September, 1874. Barometer (corrected and reduced) mean of three daily readings, 29°672in. Thermometer mean of ditto, 48°.41 Solar intensity, mean of maximum temperature, 80°.83. Terrestrial radiation, mean of minimum temperature, 35°43. Elastic force of vapor, mean ‘303in. Humidity of air, mean ‘88. Mean temperature of dew point, 45:9. Rainfall, 2°43 inches. Evaporation, 3'34in., in excess of rainfall. ‘9lin. Wind, total force for the month, 80°19lbs. Clouds, mean amount, 6°34; of scale, 0-10. Ozone, ditto, dito, 8°9 ; of scale 0-10. Valleyfield. W. E. SHOOBRIDGE. iors Ste cy f MONTHLY NOTICES OF Papers and Proceedings OF THE mOYAL SOCIETY OF a SNA eA NG bo FOR Sept., October, and November, CONTENTS. Papers and Proceedings for September, 1874 (no meeting) se se October, 1874.. a . November, 1874 Further Notes on the Salmon Experiment. By Morton ‘Alkort, F. L. S, F. Z. s. : &e. Census of the Plants of Tasmania, instituted in 1875. By Baron Ferd. Mueller, C.M.G., M.D., PH.D., F.R.S. (I) Meteorology for October, 1874 35 November, 1874 os December, 1874 for New Norfolk i aeichily Mean of Observations taken at New Norfolk fae 874° TASMANIA : von. Hope. page 63 66 69 72 XV. XVi. . XVill. xix XX. PRINTED AT THE ‘‘MERCURY” STEAM PRESS OFFICE, HOBART TOWN. I 874. 2 GHORrovi | YIN TAGS co an 5 s 7. Te Ew S% Wan cit = ——s ~~ fe epee d ~ bance a D pra Br 7 ety i? ’ . gh 4 ri i os Ho 7 - Tt) Spo SSS ot Dee re . a ii is ia rey icra = lOF i" Oc Lig 246 i y r cmelidtaya FT : eo te BUF TY sr0qhl/ cae 2oin 70 oh owt yet et. baimiwad ieee lo «ian! loti dena ek) evi ae ey" 20 Wh ee ' ex ; F ue ' (FP ay Fay. fez Mp -#ha pe ma Frit seme Poe 2h $e iy ‘ & ii Saw acute CE 1, dis ie ce a AVE «797 2s). 7 ' > rn8 & : ; RR - “a Shot.’ Sl wos ig odie SAO Ip needy i rs o . < 5 7 1 Mal Bh * a AMO THAROH SDIEIO eeaAt manre “yauodyu! ally TA ae ie ; ; 7 * 63 SEPTEMBER, 1874. [Owing to the extreme inclemency of the weather no meeting was held this month. } OCTOBER, 1874. The monthly evening meeting of the Society was held on Tuesday, the 13th October. The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Tasmania in the chair. The Hon. Secretary, Dr. AGNEW, brought under notice the usual monthly returns, viz. :— 1. Visitors to Museum during August, 1341; during September, 1367. 2. Ditto to Gardens during August, 2365 ; during September, 3343. 3. Plants, &c., received at Gardens—From Mr. B. Heyne, Adelaide, 400 packets of seeds of annual and perennial plants. From Mr. W. Bull, London, 332 packets of seeds. From Mons. C. Huber, 29 packets of seeds. From the Royal Gardens, Kew, seeds of Bambusa stricta. From the Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, 43 plants. From Mr. C. F. Creswell, 70 packets of imported seeds. 4, Seeds sent from Gardens—To the Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States, 18 packets seeds. To the Queens- land Acclimatisation Society, Brisbane, 50 packets seeds. To Mr. E. B. Heyne, Adelaide, 1 packet Blue Gum seed. To Mons. C. H. Huber, France, 4 ditto. To the Royal Gardens, Kew, 1 ditto. To Mr. Wm. Bull, London, 4 ditto. To the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 6 packet gum seeds. 5. Plants supplied for the decoration of public places ; to Horton College, Ross, 108 plants. To General Hospital, Hobart Town, 55 plants. For St. George’s burial ground, 30 plants. 6. Time of leafing &., of a few standard plants in the Botanic Gar- dens during August and September, 7. Books and periodicals received. 8. Presentations to Museum and Library. Meteorological Returns— 1, Hobart Town, from F. Abbott, Esq.—Tables for August and Sep. tember. . New Norfolk, from W. E. Shoobridge, Esq.—Ditto, ditto. . Mount Nelson, from the Marine Board—Ditto, ditto. . Port Arthur, from J. Coverdale, Esq.— Ditto, ditto. . Sydney, from H. C. Russell, Esq., B.A.—Printed tables for April, May and June, 1874. . New Zealand, from J. Hector, Esq., M.D., F.R.S.—Printed tables for Wellington, from February to August, 1874, and for various other stations from December 1873, to July 1874. Also a general Meteorological Report for New Zealand, 1873. 8. From the Meteorological Office, London.—Quarterly Weather Report, part 2, April to June, 1873. The presentations to the Museum and Library were as follows :— 1. From the Home Government. A complete Suit of steel Armour, with Arms of a Cavalier of the early part of 17th Century. _ The Secretary called particular attention to this very valuable addi- tion to the Museum, and mentioned that the Council had transmitted a special vote of thanks for it through His Excellency (as President) to the Secretary of State for the Colonies. The presentation, from the memories it called up of stirring periods of our earlier English history, “SI OUP Gb 64 was one of extreme interest, and this interest was likely still to increase rather than diminish in the future. 2.—Hogg, Esq., Geelong, per J. W. Graves, Esq.—Skin and Skull of Dingo (Canis dingo. ) : 3. From Captain Dart, of the ‘‘Sapphire.”—Head of Dolphin (Coryphena sp.)—Jaws of Sunfish (Orthagoriscus sp.) A very beautiful and well prepared specimen of a Starfish (Huryale sp.) 4, From Capt. Hutton, Otago Museum, Dunedin, N.Z.—2 photo- graphs of metatarsal bones and foot, with integuments, of a Species of ‘‘Moa” (Dinornis ingens) lately found on ‘‘ Knobby Ranges,” Otago. 5. From Mr. D. Luckman—A wedge-tailed Eagle (Aquila audaz. ) 6. From Mr. Noah Chilvers—A singular Crustacean (Phyllosoma sp. ), washed on to the deck of a ship off Adelaide. [This remarkable crustacean, which is perfectly transparent through- out its entire system, was mounted on a slide for preservation and microscopical purposes. By some naturalists it is supposed to be the immature form of an animal which has not yet arrived at its highest stage of development. | 7. From J. K. Clarke, Esq.—Specimens of Quartz penetrated by crys- tals of Rutile, from Queensland. [The Secretary requested the attention of the meeting to these beautiful and peculiar crystal, and at the same time read a description of it from Dana’s Mineralogy. | 8. From Mr. R. M. Johnston—Three Microscopical slides of Fossil Woods, from Launceston. 9, From Mr. 8. H. Wintle—Specimen of Granite from Golden Fleece Rivulet, East Coast of Tasmania. Mr. Wintle also sent for ex- hibition a collection of gem stones, consisting, according to the exhibitor, ‘‘of Diamonds, Oriental Rubies, Sapphires, Zircons, and Spinel, washed from the stanniferous drift of the Golden Fleece Rivulet.” 10. From the Rev. A. N. Mason, Evandale—56 ancient Roman Coins. Mr. Mason states in a note that these coins ‘“‘ were given to me by a gentleman, a Professor in the so-called College or Public School . at Trier, on the Moselle. He assured methey were genuine, having been found by the scholars at different times and brought to him.” 11. From Mr. 8. J. Baynton—Ferruginous deposit from a spring at Kingston. Salts procured by evaporation from the water of the ‘same spring. 12. From H. M. Hull, Esq.—Specimen of Echinus. 13. From Mr. A. Shadwick, New Town—A pouched Lamprey, from Jerusalem, 14, From Mr. John Watson, Muddy Plains, per Mr. Graves—Nest of Musk Duck, with Egg. Mr. Allport remarked that these nests were not frequently found. Being built close to the water, the duck, when disturbed, was able to plunge at once beneath the surface, and, by diving, escape accurate observation. As the Platypus takes the water in an exactly similar manner, it thus happened that the duck was frequently mistaken for it. Therefore, when eggs were found in the nest, it was naturally sup- posed they were those of the Platypus, and thus arose the very common, but utterly erroneously belief, that this animal was oviparous. 15. From Mr. R. M. Johnston—A Micros€opical Slide shewing spore cases from Zasmanite. [A very interesting specimen as showing clearly one at least of the con- stituents of the somewhat peculiar deposit of which it forms a part. It was exhibited under the microscope for the observation of the meeting. — rs Or 4 16, From Mr. Luckman, Sorell—Two specimens of the Fan-tailed Cuckoo (Cacomantis flabelliformis ). Books Presented. 1, From Jas. Hector, Esq., M.D., F.R.S.—Report of Colonial _ Museum and Laboratory, Wellington, New Zealand. 2, From the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester— Memoirs of the Society, Vol. 4. Proceedings, vols. 8 to 12, 1869 —1873. 3. From the Zoological Society of Philadelphia, second ‘annual report. 4. From the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia—Pro- ceedings, parts 1, 2. 3. 5. From Dr. J. Hector, F.R.S.—Proceedings of New Zealand Insti- tute, Vol. 6. His Lordship, the Chairman, read a paper on ‘‘ The Law of Storms.” Conversation followed, Amongst other matters which were discussed, particular interest was expressed in the fact of Cyclones north and south of the Equator revolving in opposite directions. The general feeling appeared to be that although some very ingenious theories had been offered, no explanation of the phenomenon in every respect satisfactory had yet been arrived at. Mr. Napier, after bringing under notice the circumstance that the Gardens were closed at an hour (6 p.m.) when many persons would like to visit them, begged to know if any means could be adopted for keeping them open a little later. . The SecReTARY replied that the question of keeping the Gardens open for longer hours than at present was to a great extent a mere matter of money, and it was well known to all the Fellows that the means at the disposal of the Society were so limited than any action entailing further outlay would probably be impossible. He would, however, be happy to bring the matter under the consideration of the Council at the next meeting. Mr. P. T. SmirxH begged to ask if it was within the sphere of the Society’s action to do anything for the Domain. Here were large public grounds set apart for the necessary recreation and health of the inhabitants, left in a perfectly disgraceful condition, and a spot which, by the exercise of taste and skill, might be made equal to anything of the kind in the world, was utterly neglected. It was in the highest degree discreditable to all concerned. The SrcreTARy replied that, by a very singular coincidence, the same question had been brought under the notice of the Council that afternoon, and some propositions in reference thereto were about to be forwarded to Government. He had no doubtsome action would be taken in the matter forthwith. Mr. STEPHENS observed this was a subject in which he took a very lively interest, and made some remarks as to the proper method of proceeding, pointing out that great care and skill would be required in carrying on efficiently, and under a well considered system, the various works necessary for the undertaking. The BisHop expressed his warm concurrence with everything which had been said as to the contemplated improvements. At present the innumerable beauties of the Domain were almost altogether lost, yet he knew of no locality anywhere for which Nature had done so much, and which would better repay a proper expenditure of skill and taste. A vote of thanks was accorded to His Lordship for his paper, and a similar vote to the donors of presentations, terminated the proceedings. 66 NOVEMBER, 1874. The monthly evening meeting was held on Tuesday, the 10th Novem- ber, T. Giblin, Esq., in the chair. A greater number of Fellows than usual were present, owing to the circumstance that Professor Harkness (of the American Transit of Venus expedition) had promised to offer a few remarks on the object of the expedition. Mr. Waldo and the other members of the American party were also present. Messrs. W. V Morriss and R. L. Davies, who had previously been nominated by the Council, were balloted for and declared duly elected Fellows of the Society. The Hon. Secretary (Dr. Agnew) submitted the usual returns for the past month, viz. :— : 1. Visitors to Museum—1,665. 2. Ditto to Gardens—2, 968. 3. Seeds sent from Gardens :—To the Royal Gardens, Kew—One packet blue gum seed. To Mr. Wm. Bull, London—One ditto. To Mr. E. B. Heyne, Adelaide—One ditto. 4. Plants and seeds received at Gardens :—From the Acclimatisation Society, Brisbane, Queensland—Fourteen packets seeds. From Mr. C. Hollinsdale, Hobart Town—Ninety-eight packets of im- ported seeds. From Mons. Ch. Huber, Hyéres, France—Twelve packets seeds. From Mr. J. Latham, Hobart Town—Sixty-eight packets imported seeds. From Mons. J. Linden, Ghent, Belgium —One case of Plants, per Ethel, principally Palms and Orchids, of which about 40 were alive on arrival. From Baron von Miieller —One packet of seeds. From Mr. R. M. Johnston, Launceston —Two specimens of Gymnogramma. 5. Time of leafing, flowering, &c., of afew standard plants in Botanic Gardens. 6. Books and Periodicals received. 7. Presentations to Museum. Meteorological Tables— 1. Hobart Town, from F, Abbott, Esq.—Table and summary for October. 2. New Norfolk, from W. E. Shoobridge, Esq.—Table for October. 3. Port Arthur, from J. Coverdale, Esq.—Ditto. 4, From the Marine Board—King’s Island: tables for July, August, and September. Swan Island : ditto for September and October. 5. From R. J. Lb. Ellery, Esq.—Monthly record of Observations taken at Melbourne Observatory on Meteorology, Terrestrial Magnetism, &c. The presentations to the Museum were as follows :— _1. From Mr. J. W. Graves—a packet of musket ball-cartridges found in pulling down old St. David’s Church. 2. From Mr. H. Otick—a Fossil f Rhynconella) from Maske by the sea, Yorkshire, England. ~ 3. From the Salmon Commissioners—A Smolt (Salmo salar), said to have been caught at Sandy Bay. 4, From Sir Robert Officer—a young Brown Trout, caught from among a shoal proceeding down the race at the breeding ponds, River Plenty. 5. A Spear, Boomerang and Waddie, from Queensland. ; OF 6. From Mr. A. Simson—upwards of 180 specimens, comprising about 50 varieties, of Queensland shells, named. 7. From Mr. J. Dryam, Oatlands--a Wombat (Phascolmys wombat). 8. From Mr. Groombridge, per Mr. J. W. Graves, a Pied Cormorant (Phalacrocorax melanoleucus ), shot at Brown’s River. §, From the Government of India—‘‘ Records of the Geological Sur- vey of India, vol. 6, parts 1 to 4. ‘‘ Memoirs” of ditto, vol. 1, part 1, vol. 4, parts 3, 4, vol. 10, part 1. 10. From Dr. Haast, Christchurch, New Zealand—‘‘ Researches and excavations at the Moa Bone Cave, Sumner, N.Z., 1872. The SECRETARY read a letter from Mr. Trappes, Oyster Cove, sug- gesting the advisability of introduéing the Falkland Island Tussac Grass into the colony, and referring to an article on the plant in the Penny Magazine (31st May, 1845). Mr. Abbott, Superintendent of the Gardens, informed the meeting that he did not consider the Tussac Grass likely to be of so much value as the Californian ‘‘ Bunch Grass.” Of this he expected a supply very shortly from the Agri- cultural Department of the American Government, and he hoped to have an opportunity of reporting upon it on an early occasion. [The Tussac Grass was tried in the Gardens about five years ago, but was not found to succeed. A short but good notice of it appears in Chambers’s Encyclopedia. | The SecRETARY Called the attention of the members to a suggestion which had been made at the last meeting, to the effect that the Gardens might be kept open to a later hour in the evening. The Council had had the matter under consideration, and bad obtained from the Superintendent of the Gardens all the information possible on the matter. It was found, however, that no change in the hour could be made, owing to the circumstance that no funds were at the disposal of the Council for payment of the extra attendants who would in that case be required. It was doubtful, too, if it would be prudent to have the Gardens open to a later hour. The Superintendent re- ported that the disgraceful practice of pilfering and destroying flowers had of late considerably increased, and he was certain, unless he had a very large amount of detective force, that these disreputable practices would be carried on to a much greater extent in the event of later hours being established. In connection with these thefts, it had also been noticed that they had been frequently perpetrated by persons who were well aware of the value of the property they were stealing, as it frequently happened that any particularly choice specimens were the first to suffer. He (the Secretary) might add, however, that the Council were fully alive to the necessity of putting a stop to these thefts, and were quite determined to prosecute in future, as severely as the law would permit, any person found guilty of such mischievous and shamefully dishonest conduct. Mr. Morton ALLporT read a paper, entitled ‘‘ Further Notes on the Salmon Experiment.” Professor HARKNESS (agreeably to a request from the Council) offered some remarks on the approaching Transit of Venus. He explained the importance of determining the exact distance of the sun as a basis for working out many important calculations in astronomy, and described the general methods adopted for ascertaining this distance as well as certain modifications in some of the minor details which were to be employed by various Governments. By means of diagrams on a black- board he showed how the planes of the orbits of the Earth and Venus 68 intersected each other in certain lines or nodes, the varying position of these nodes leading at certain (calculated) epochs to’such a conjunction of the planets as we shall have at the forthcoming transit. He demon- strated, in reference to these calculations, the importance of the great third law of Kepler which was to the effect that the ‘‘squares of the periodic times of any two planets are to each other in the same pro- portion as the cubes of their mean distances from the sun.” This was expressed in algebraic formule. He explained the importance of obtain- ing as large a base as possible, combined with extreme accuracy in its admeasurement, this base being the very foundation from which all the various angles were to be taken. ‘The refined nicety required in taking these angles was shown by several results calculated by the Professor which proved if a human hair were placed ata distance of half-a-mile from the observer that a serious error would be the result if the line of observation were carried to the right edge of the hair instead of the left, or vice versa. A mistake of this magnitude however he thought they were not likely to perpetrate! Some of the phenomena more im- mediately connected with the Transit itself, such as ‘‘irradiation,” the so called ‘‘ black drop,” &c., were illustrated and explained as far as the black-board would allow. The nature of the various instruments, telescopes, astronomical clock, &c., was briefly touched upon, as well as the great results which were expected from the almost continuous use of photographic illustrations during the entire Transit. By means of a globe the portions of the Earth from whence the Transit could be seen were shewn, and the localities best adapted for the observations pointed out. Mention was also made of Hor- rocks, Captain Cook, and other early observers. The learned Pro- fessor having spoken of these and other matters, alluded to the impos- sibility of giving anything but the faintest idea of the subject on this occasion. His time was very fully occupied and he had no leisure to prepare a paper or formal address. Much he could have wished to say was necessarily omitted as he had endeavoured to bring forward a few of those points only which he thought would be of general interest, rather than enter upon the more abstruse and scientific aspects of the subject. Sir James Wilson, after referring to the great kindness of the learned Professor in devoting to the lecture just given, a portion of his time which was already so fully occupied, and congratulating the Fellows on having had the deeply interesting subject of the Transit brought before them in so clear and lucid a manner, proposed that the cordial thanks of the meeting should be given to Professer Harkness. Mr. Justice Dobson seconded the motion, and after some remarks complimentary to the lecturer, referred to the great credit which had accrued to Captain Cook for his observations on the Transit in this Hemisphere, and hoped Professor Harkness in his turn might also be so favored in his observations as to gain a large share of renown similar to that which had been obtained by his great predecessor in these southern waters. (Apovlause.) The motion having been put from the chair was carried by acclama- tion. The proceedings then terminated. 69 FURTHER NOTES ON THE SALMON EXPERIMENT. By Morton Auuport, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. (Read 10th November, 1874.) Since our last meeting, namely, on 19ta October last, the handsome fish, now exhibited, was taken by a seine net in lower Sandy Bay. This specimen, though rather larger, is in every minute particular identical with that sent to Dr. Ginther early in 1870, and by him pronounced to present all the characters by which the true salmon (Salmo salar) is distinguishable from its nearest allies. Of course all the arguments used to prove that the fish of ]870 was bred in the colony, and could not have been the produce of an English egg, apply with much more force to the present specimen. When this fish was first brought to me I supposed it to be an unusually large smolt of this season, but upon con- sideration and after dissection, I am inclined to believe that it is one of last year’s smolts, which would in December next have returned as a grilse to the upper waters of the Derwent. The size of the fish, which weighs nearly a pound, is greater than that of any smolt just from fresh water of which I can find any record, and upon dissection the deep red colour of the flesh and the layers of fat about the pyloric cceca were indi- cative of a longer residence in salt water than would have been possible for a smolt of this season. Unmistakable evidence of its having been captured low down the estuary of the Derwent was afforded by the presence in the stomach of the remains of three anchovies, which fish are not to be found in the bays above the town till later in the season, If I am right in my conjecture that this is one of last season’s smolts, approaching grilsehood, itis almost certain that the migration of the smolts during the first season does not extend to any great distance seaward, unless some untoward circumstance, such as a failure in the supply of food, may cause them to move to more remote waters. On the 28th October last, a school of twenty-five fish made their way out of the River Plenty into the race which supplies the breeding ponds, and of these fish one was at once for- warded to me by Sir Robert Officer, who, struck with its brilliant silvery colour, and bearing in mind that the fish were clearly gregarious, and were taking advantage of a spring fresh to travel from the Plenty to the Derwent, and from thence probably to the salt water, came to the very natural conclusion that it was a salmon smolt, but from which con- clusion, I regret to say, I differ. The remainder of the twenty- five fish were detained in one of the breeding rills at the 10 Plenty for several days, during which they exhibited the migratory instinct very strongly, and several died. After carefully examining the survivors, my fellow-commissioner (Mr. Robert Read) and myself, let the school follow their own instincts, and proceed down the River Plenty. Three of the specimens which died are now in the Museum, and two of these I have carefully dissected. Before giving the results of these dissections, I desire to remind the Fellows of the Society. that within a week of this same date last year a school of fish were observed in a millrace running from the Bagdad rivulet, that one of those fish (now in the Museum) was sent to me for determination, and that I then expressed my belief that it was an immature specimen of the large silvery variety of the brown trout (Salmo fario) which are now numerous in the brackish water of the Upper Derwent. Mr. John Buckland, who assisted me in the examination, concurred in this view as to the species of the Bagdad fish. Upon placing the Bagdad and Plenty fish side by side, it will be evident to the most casual observer that they are identical in species, and the dissections confirm me in my belief that both schools are the progeny of the silvery variety of Salmo fario. One marked peculiarity of the smolts of the true salmon (Salmo salar), and of the salmon trout (Salmo trutta), is the deciduousness of the silvery scales, for some time after they are first assumed the slightest touch removes ‘them, and when the fish are handled the fingers get silvered over with the brilliant scales, but the Bagdad and Plenty fish bore con- siderable rubbing without losing their bright covering. Again, the smolts of the true sea-going species, even for some time after they reach the sea, show the original parr markings distinctly whenever the scales are removed, but on removing the scales of one of these fish no trace of parr markings could be found. In one of the tests given by Dr. Giinther, as most constant, namely, the number of scales between the last dorsal fin, and the lateral line, the Bagdad and Plenty fish all failed, the numbers in every instance being those of the brown trout, while the smolts from the lower Derwent have always exhibited the number typical of the true salmon. In one of the Plenty specimens the spawn was found more developed than it is usually seen in the smolt of the true salmon before it has reached the sea. The result of counting the pyloric cceca has been to shake my belief in the value of that test for specific distinction. In the Bagdad fish the number was rather more than the average given by Dr. Giinther for the brown trout (Salmo fario). In one of the Plenty fish the number was more than the maxi- mum for brown trout, and above the average for salmon ' - — — s,s 71 trout, while in the other Plenty fish dissected, the number fell below the average for brown trout, and was under the maximum for true salmon. The twenty-five fish from the Plenty differed somewhat in size, though not more than salmon smolts under the same cir- cumstances, but one noticeable feature was that the smallest were the most salmon like, the larger and more developed fish evidently approaching the more trout like aspect of the parents and this is exactly in accordance with Dr. Giinther’s obser- vation, when speaking of the whole genus salmo, “ that speci- mens which have not attained to maturity retain a brighter silvery colour, being more similar to the female fish.” Nothing to be found in the various works on the subject would lead anyone to suppose that the brown trout (Salmo fario) eyer exhibited a true migratory instinct, though Dr. Gunther expressly says that brackish water has the effect of giving them a bright silvery coat without, or with compara- tively few, spots, none of which are ocellated. Yet these fish do exhibit a migratory instinct, although the original parent fish were detained in the ponds, and debarred from following such instinct. 02 CENSUS OF THE PLANTS OF TASMANIA, INSTITUTED IN 1875. By Baron Ferp. von Muster, C.M.G., M.D., PH.D., F.RB.S. 1: In the bye-following pages the first part of a statistic essay on Tasmanian plants is submitted to the Royal Society. This portion of the essay is limited to a list of those plants, which hitherto have become known from the main-island and the smaller isles under its political jurisdiction, as far as Di- and Mono-cotyledoneae and Ferns are concerned. The arrangement is effected chiefly in accordance with the Candollean system, which in most respects represenis that of Jussien in a reversed series. But the apetalous orders of Jussien or the Mono- chlamydeae of Candolle have been distributed, with the exception of the amentaceous orders, in the other large systematic divisions, and thus several ordinal groups of plants, which by adherence to the usual methods of arrange- ment would stand far apart, have been brought into close proximity, according to their nearest natural affinities. Since the completion of Dr. Hooker’s great work in 1860 about fifty cotyledonar plants, indigenous to the Tasmanian territory, have been discovered ; but probably another half-hundred or more could yet be added by future searches, especially if such were further extended to King’s Island and ‘the interior north- western regions of the main-island, where particularly among the waterplants, rushes, sedges and minute weeds an exten- sive additional harvest might probably be gathered. Along with the generic and specific names in the list now prepared is also quoted the particular publication, in which each plant became systematically first established. Hence further details may be traced out from these literary indications regarding also all the plants, added since the publication of the Flora Tasmanica. Bentham’s important labours since 12 years on the vegetation of all Australia have been of material aid not only in augmenting the list to its present extent, but also in reducing many specific names to older appellations, to be maintained by the right to priority. To avoid any perplexities, which might arise from this needful change of names, whenever Dr. Hooker’s fundamental work is to be consulted in connection with this list, it became necessary to quote (which has been done in brackets) the number or numbers, under which the species are arranged at pages lvi.-lxxxill., in the preface to the Flora Tasmanica. Wide researches into the vegetation of the whole of Australia, to which the writer has devoted much of his time since the last 27 years, have tended to change in many instances the limits assigned originally to the 03 Tasmanian plants, and have shown a degree of variability of many species much higher, than could have been anticipated from local studies. Eliminated from the present index are several plants formerly regarded as indigenous, and it is almost certain, that some others ought yet to be transferred from the list of indigenous to that of the introduced species. A clear aspect of the original vegetation becomes disturbed by mixing the naturalized with the natural plants; the number of the latter may at last become fixed, but that of the former will increase constantly. An enumeration of such foreign plants as are settled beyond extirpation in the island, will form part of the next chapter of this dissertation. A few other plants, accepted in Dr. Hooker’s works, have also been excluded here, as their specific validity remained yet obscure. They must find, if necessary, a place in supplemental notes to this compilation. It is also intended to continue this essay in other directions, while statistic labours on the plants of the colony Victoria are progressing, inasmuch as the vegetation of each of the Australian provinces can only be fully elucidated by comparative studies. Material which Tasmanian residents, imbued with scientific taste, will be inclined to secure for the purposes indicated, will be grate- fully utilized, and will tend to advance the knowledge of the indigenous vegetation towards gradual completion. Finally then also an inexpensive volume on the native plants of the island and its dependencies might emanate from augmented material and extended studies for educational purposes, recre- ative intellectual occupations, utilitarian references or further contributions to science. DICOTYLEDONEAE. Ranunculaceae. Clematis aristata, R. Br. in Cand. syst. I., 147 (1, 2, 3) microphylla, Cand. syst. I., 147 4) Anemone crassifolia, Hook. icon. t. 257 (5) Ranunculus aquatilis, L. sp. pl. 556 (6) Gunnianus, Hook. journ. I., 244, t. 133 (7) lappaceus, Sm. in Rees’ Cyclop. n. 61 (8, 9,10, 11,14 rivularis, B. & S. in Cand. syst. I., 270 (12, 13, 15) parviflorus, L. sp. pl. ed. IL. p. 780 (16, 17) Caltha introloba, F.M. in transact, phil. soc. Vict. I., 98 (18) Dilleniaceae. Hibbertia densiflora, F.M. pl. of Vict. I., 15 (26) hirsuta, Benth. fil. Austr. I., 26 (29) stricta, R. Br. in Cand. syst. I., 422 (28) Billardieri, F.M. pl. of Vict. I., 14 (27) acicularis, F. M. pl. of Vict. I., 17 ce serpillifolia, R. Br. in Cand. syst. I., 430 (24 74 Hibbertia angustifolia, Salisb. parad. Lond. 73 fasciculata, R. Br. in Cand. syst. [., 428 virgata, R. Br. in Cand. syst. L., 428 Magnoliaceae. Drimys aromatica, F.M. pl. of Vict. I., 20 Monimieae. (21) (22) (23) (19) Atherosperma moschatum, La Bill. specim. II., 74, t. 224 (20) Papaveraceae. Papaver aculeatum, Thunb. fl. Cap. 431. Cruciferae. Nasturtium terrestre, R. Br. in Ait. hort. Kew. sec. ed. IV, 110 (36) Barbarea vulgaris, R. Br. in Ait. hort. Kew, sec. ed. IV., 109 (35) Cardamine stylosa, Cand. syst. II., 248 dictyosperma, Hook. journ. I., 246 radicata, J. Hook. icon. pl. t. 882 hirsuta, L. sp. pl. 655 Draba muralis, L. sp. pl. 642 Stenopetalum lineare, R. Br. in Cand. syst. II., 513 Capsella elliptica, C. A. Meyer Verz., 194 antipoda, F. M. pl. of Vict. L, 44 Lepidium foliosum, Desv. journ., III., 164 ruderale, L. sp. pl. 645 Thlaspi Tasmanicum, J. Hook. fi. Tasm. I., 23 Cakile maritima, Scop. flor. Carn. II., 35 Violaceae. Viola betonicifolia, Sm. in Rees’ Cyclop. n. 7 Caleyana, G. Don. dichl. pl. I., 329 Cunninghami, J. Hook. fl. New Zeal. I., 16 hederacea, La Bill. specim. I., 66, t. 91 Hymenanthera Banksii, F. M. pl. of Vict. 1, 69 Droseraceae. Drosera Arcturi, Hook. journ. of bot. I., 247 pygmaea, Cand. prod. I, 317 spathulata, La Bill. specim. I., 79, t. 106 binata, La Bill. specim. I., 78, t. 105 (31) (32) (30) (33, 34) 41 (37) (38) (39, 42) (43, 45) 44 (40) (54 auriculata, Backh. in ann. scienc. nat. trois. ser. IX.,95 (56 peltata, Smith in Willd. sp. pl. I., 1546 Menziesii, R. Br. in Cand. prodr. I., 319 Pittosporeae. Pittosporum bicolor, Hook. journ. I., 249 undulatum, Andr. bot. rep. t. 393 Bursaria spinosa, Cay. icon. IV., 30, t. 350 Marianthus procumbens, Benth. fl. Austr. L, 117 Billardiera scandens, Sm. Bot. New Holl. L., +t. 1 longiflora, La Bill. specim. I., 64, t. 89 Polygaleae. Comesperma volubile, La Bill. specim. II., 2 +. 163 (57, 58, 39) (55) AS éJ Comesperma retusum, La Bill. specim. IT., 22, t. 160 (61) ericinum, Cand. prodr. I., 334 (62) calycomega, La Bill. spec. II., 23, t. 162 (63) defoliatum, F. M. pl. of Vict. I., 189 Tremandreae. Tetratheca ciliata, Lindl. in Mitch. three. exped. II., 206 (64) pilosa, La Bill. specim. I., 95, +. 122 | (65, 66, 67, 68) Sterculiaceae. Lasiopetalum discolor, Hook. comp. bot. mag. I., 276 (92) dasyphyllum, Sieb. in Hook. journ. II., 414 (93) micranthum, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. I., 51 (94) Tiliaceae. Aristotelia peduncularis, J. Hook. fi. Tasm. I., 52 (95) Elaeocarpus cyaneus, W. T. Ait. epit. hort. Kew. add. 367 Malvaceae. Lavatera plebeja, Sims bet. mag. t. 2269 (88) Plagianthus sidoides, Hook. bot. mag. t. 3396 (91) pulchellus, A. Gray bot. Wilk. exped. L, 181 (90) spicatus, Benth. in journ. Linn. soc. VI., 103 (89) EHuphorbyaceae. Bertya rosmarinifolia, Planch. in Hook. Lond. journ. [V.,173 (734) Ricinocarpus pinifolius, Desf. in mem. du mus. III., 459, t. 22 (781) Beyera viscosa, Miq. in ann. scienc. nat. trois. ser. L., 350, t. 15 (732, 733) Amperea spartioides, Brogn. in Duperr. voy. 226, t. 49 (735) Micrantheum hexandrum, J. Hook in Lond. journ. VI, 283 (738) Pseudanthus ovalifolius, F. M. in trans. phil. inst. Vict. II., 66 Poranthera microphylla, Brogn. in Duperr. voy. 219 t. 15 (739) Phyllanthus australis, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 284 (737) Gunnii, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 284 (736) Euphorbia Drummondi, Boiss. Cent. Euph. 14 Urticeae. Parietaria debilis, G. Forst. prodr. 73 (741) Australina pusilla, Gaud. in Freye. voy. 505 (742) Urtica incisa, Poir. encycl. suppl. IV., 223 - (740) Sapindaceae. Dodonaea viscosa, L. Mantisss. 228 (100) ericifolia, G. Doncdichlam. pl. I., 674 (101) Hypericineae. Hypericum Japonicum, Thumb. fl. Japon. 295 (96, 97) Elatineae. Elatine minima, F. and M. in Linnaea X., 73 (87) Lineae. Linum marginale, A, Cunn. in Hook. Lond. journ. VII., 169 (86) 76 Geraniaceae. Geranium dissectum, L. sp. pl. ed. II., p. 956 (102, 103, 104) Pelargonium Australe, Willd. spec. pl. III., 675 (105, 106) Oxalis Magellanica, Forst. Comment. Goetting. IX., 33 (107) corniculata, L. sp. pl. 4385 (108) Zygophylleae. Zygophyllum apiculatum, F. M. in Linnaea XXV., 373 (110) Billardierii, Cand. prodr. I., 705 (109) Rutaceae. Correa alba, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 18 (111) speciosa, Ait. epit. hort. Kew. 366 (112, 114) Lawrenciana, Hook. journ. I., 254 (113) Zieria Smithii, Andr. bot. rep. t. 606 (121) cytisoides, Sm. in Rees cycl. n. 4 Boronia pinnata, Sm. tracts, 290, t. 4 (127, 128) pilosa, La Bill. specim. L., 97, t. 124 125 polygalifolia, Sm. tracts, 297, t. 7 (124, 126, 129) rhomboidea, Hook. icon. pl. t. 722 (122 parviflora, Sm. tracts 295, t. 6 (123) Eriostemon virgatus, A. Cunn. in Hook. journ. II., 417 (120) obovalis, A. Cunn. in Field’s N.S. Wales, 331 (119) montanus, F. M. (116) Daviesii, F. M. (118) Hillebrandi, F. M. in transact. phil. soc. Vict. I.,10 (117) Oldfieldii, F. M. fragm. I., 3 squameus, La Bill. specim. I., 116, t. 141 (115) Acradenia Frankliniae, Kipp. in transact. Linn. soc. XXI., 207, t. 22 (130) Frankeniaceae. Frankenia pauciflora, Cand. prodr. I., 350 (75) Phytolacceae. Didymotheca thesioides, J. Hook. in Lond. journ., VI., 279 (669) Caryophylleae. Stellaria pungens, Brogn. voy. Coq. t. 78 (85) glauca, With. arrang. I., 420 (84) flaccida, Hook. comp. bot. mag. I., 275 (83) multiflora, Hook, comp. bot. mag. I. 275 (82) Colobanthus Billardierii, Fenzl in Ann. Wien. Mus. I., 49 (80, 81) Scleranthus biflorus, J. Hook. fi. Nov. Zel. I., 74 (71, 4a) diander, R. Br. prodr. 412 79 Spergularia rubra, Pers. syn. I., 504 (76) Portulaceae. Claytonia Australasica, J. Hook. icon. pl. t. 293 (289) calyptrata, F. M. fragm. III., 89 (288) Montia fontana, L. sp. pl. 87 (290) Amarantaceae. Hemichroa pentandra, R. Br. prodr. 409 (672) Uy fl or ‘a Alternanthera denticulata, R. Br. prodr. 417 (671) Ptilotus spatulatus, Poir. dict. suppl. IV., 620 (670) Salsolaceae. Rhagodia nutans, R. Br. prodr. 408 (674) Billardieri, R. Br. prodr. 408 (673) Atriplex cinereum, Poir. dict. suppl. I, 471 (677) paludosum, R. Br. prodr. 406 crystallinum, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 279 (679) Threlkeldia diffusa, R. Br. prodr. 410 680) Suaeda maritima, Dumort, fl. Belg. 22 681 Salicornia australis, Soland. in G. Forst. prodr. 88 (5) Arbuscula, R. Br. prodr. 411 682) Ficoideae. Mesembryanthemum aequilaterale, Haw. misc. 77. (295 australe, Soland. in Ait. hort. Kew. II., 187 (296) Tetragonia expansa, Murr. in comment, Goetting, 6 Cas implexicoma, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. I., 148 298) Polygoneae. Muehlenbeckia appressa, Meissn. gen. pl. 227 (667) axillaris, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 278 (668) Polygonum strigosum, R. Br. prodr. 420 (665) prostratum, R. Br. prodr. 419 (666) minus, Huds. fl. Angl. I., 148 (663) subsessile, R. Br. prodr. 419 (664) lapathifolium, L. sp. pl. 360 Rumex Brownii, Campd. monogr. Rum. 81 (661) bidens, R. Br. prodr. 421 (662) Leguminosae. Sphaerolobium vimineum, Sm. in ann. of bot. I., 509 (160 Daviesia latifolia, R. Br. in Ait. hort. Kew., sec. ed. III., 20 | (158) ulicina, Sm. in ann. of bot. L., 506 (157) Aotus villosa, Sm. in ann. of bot. L, 504 (159) Phyllota diffusa, F. M. fragm. I., 8 (175) Pultenaea daphnoides, Wendl. bot. Beobacht, 49 (164) stricta, Sims in bot. mag. 1588 (165) Gunnii Benth. in Annal. Wien’ Mus. (169, 180) pedunculata, Hook. in bot. mag. 2859 (176) subumbellata, Hook. in bot. mag. 3254 (166) dentata, La Bill, specim. I., 103 t. 131 (168, 170) hibbertioides, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. I., 89 172 juniperina, La Bill, specim. I., 102 t. 130 (173, 174) humilis, Benth. in J. Hook. fi. Tasm. I., 91 (177 selaginoides, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. I., 87 (167 prostrata, Benth. in J. Hook. fl. Tasm. I., 89 (171 fasciculata, Benth. in Annal. Wien. Muse. I., 182 (179) tenuifolia, R. Br. in bot. mag. 2086 (178) Dillwynia ericifolia, Sm. in ann. of bot. I., 510 (161) floribunda, Sm. in ann. of bot. I., 510 (162) cinerascens, R. Br. in bot. mag, 2247 (163) 78 Gompholobium Huegelii, Benth. in Hueg. enum. 29 (156) Oxylobium ellipticum, R. Br. in Ait. hort. Kew. sec. ed. IIT., 10 (154, 155) Platylobium triangulare, R. Br. in Ait. hor. Kew. sec. ed IV., 266 (187) obtusangulum, Hook. in bot. mag., 3258 (188) formosum, Sm. in transact. Linn. soc. I]., 350 (189) Bossiaea cordigera, Benth. in Hook. fl. Tasm. I., 95 t. 16 © (185) cinerea, R. Br. in Ait. hort. Kew. sec. ed. IV., 268 (186) prostrata, R. Br. in Ait. hort. Kew. sec. ed. TV., 268 (184) riparia, A. Cunn. in Benth. fl. Austr. IT., 166 (183) Hovea heterophylla, A. Cunn. in J. Hook. fi. Tasm. I, 93, t. 15 (182 longifolia, R. Br. in Ait. hort. Kew. sec. ed. IV, 275 tis} Goodia lotifolia, Salisb. parad. Londin. t. 41 (190, 191) Lotus corniculatus, L. sp. pl. 775 (192) australis, Andr. bot. rep. t. 624 (193) Psoralea adscendens, F.M. in trans. Vict. inst. I, 40 (194) Indigofera australis, Willd. spec. plant IIT, 1235 (195) Swainsona lessertifolia, Cand. prodr. II, 271 (196) Desmodium varians, Endl. in Ann. Wien. Mus. I, 185 (198) Glycine clandestina, Wendl. bot. Beobacht, 54 (200, 201) Caulinia monophylla, F.M. fragm. VII, 128 (197) prostrata, F.M. fragm. VII, 128 (199) Acacia siculiformis, A. Cunn. in Hook. Lond. journ. I, 337 (203) juniperina, Willd. spec. pl. IV, 1049 (205) diffusa, Edw. bot. reg. 634 (204) verticillata, Willd. spec. pl. IV, 1049 (206, 207) Riceana, Hensl. in Maund’s bot. III, t. 135 (208) axillaris, Benth. in Hook. Lond. journ. I 340 (209) vomeriformis, A. Cunn. in Hook. Lond. juvrn. I, 332 (202 verniciflua, A. Cunn. in Field’s N. S. Wales, 344 (2138) stricta, Wild. spec. pl. TV 1052 (214) penninervis, Sieb. in Cand. prodr. IT. 452 suaveolens, Willd. spec. pl. [V., 1050 (211) crassiuscula, Wendl. comment. Acac. 31 t. 8 (212) myrtifolia, Willd. spec. pl. IV. 1054 (210) Melanoxylon, R. Br. in Ait. hort. Kew. sec. ed. V., 462 (215) longifolia, Willd. spec. pl. IV., 1052 (216, 217, 218) discolor, Willd. spec. pl. IV., 1068 (219) decurrens, Willd. spec. pl. IV., 1072 (220, 221) Rosaceae. Geum urbanum, L. sp. pl. 501 (227) renifolium, F.M. in transact, phil. inst. Vict. II., 66 (228) Potentilla anserina, L. sp. pl. 495 (224) Rubus Gunnianus, Hook. icon. pl. t. 291 (223) parvifolius, L. sp. pl. edit. sec. 707 (222) Acaena ovina, A. Cunn. in Field’s N.S. Wales, 358 (226) montana, J. Hook, in Lond. journ. of bot. VI., 276. Sanguisorbae, Vahl. enum. I., 294 (225) Saxifrageae. Tetracarpaea Tasmanica, J. Hook, in icon. pl. 264 (309) Anodopetalum biglandulosum, A. Cunn, in Endl. gen. 818 (229) 79 Anopterus glandulosa, La Bill. specim. I., 86 t. 112 (303) Eucryphia Billardierii, Spach Suit a Buff. V., 345 (98, 99) Bauera rubioides, Andr. bot. rep. t. 198 (300, 301) Crassulaceae. Tillaea verticillaris, Cand. prodr. III., 382 (291) purpurata, J. Hook. in Lond. journ of bot. VI., 472 (292) macrantha, J. Hook. in icon. pl. 310 (293) intricata, Nees in Lehm. pl. Preiss. I., 278 (294) Halorageae. Myriophyllum amphibium, La Bill. specim. II. 70, t. 220 (343) pedunculatum, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. of Bot. VI., 474 (244) integrifolium, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. I., 123 t. 23 A (245 elatinoides, Gaud. in ann. scienc. nat. V. 105 (241) variifolium, J. Hook. in icon. pl. 289 (242) Meionectes Brownii, J. Hook. in icon. pl. t. 306 (247) Haloragis ceratophylla, Endl. Atakta 16, t. 15 (236) micrantha, R. Br. in Flind. voy. 550 (240) tetragyna, R. Br. in Flind. voy. 550 (238) teucrioides, A. Gr. bot. Wilk. exped. I., 625 (237) depressa, Walp. repert. II., 99 (239) Gunnera cordifolia, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. [., 125 (249) Callitriche verna, L. sp. pl. edit. sec. 6 (248) Ceratophylum demersum, L. sp. pl. 992 (246) Onagreae. Epilobium tetragonum, L. sp. pl. 495 (229, 234) Oenothera Tasmanica, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. I., 119 (235) Inythraceae. Lythrum Salicaria, L. sp. pl. 446 (250) Hyssopifolia, L. sp. pl. 447 (251) Myrtaceae. Calycothrix tetragona, La Bill. specim. IT., 8, t. 146 (252) Thryptomene micrantha, J. Hook. in Kew misc. V., 299, t.8 (253) Baeckea diffusa, Sieb. in Cand. prodr. III., 230 (283, 284, 285) Gnnniana, Schauer in Walp. repert. II., 921 (286) Leptospermum laevigatum, F. M. report 1858 (282) flavescens, Sm. in transact. Linn. soc. III. , 262 (278) scoparium, R. and G. Foster char. gen. 48 (276) lanigerum, Sm. intransact. Linn. soc. IIT., 263 (277, 279) myrtifolium, Sieb. in Cand. prodr. III., 238 (280, 281) Kunzea corifolia, Reichenb. conspect. 178 (259) Callistemon salignus, Cand. prodr. III., 223 (260, 261) Melaleuca gibbosa, La Bill. specim. II., 30, t. 172 (258) squarrosa, Sm. in transact. Linn. soc. VI., 300 (257) squamea, La Bill. specim. II., 28, t. 168 (254) ericifolia, Sm. in transact. Linn. soc, III., 276 (255, 256) 80 Eucalyptus coriacea, A. Cunn. in Walp. rep. I., 925 (272) coccifera, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 477 (265) amygdalina, La Bill. specim. II., 14, t. 154 (263, 271, 274, 275) cordata, La Bill. specim. II., 13, t. 152 (262) obliqua, L’Her. sert. Angl. 18, t. 20 (273) globulus, La Bill. voy. I, 153, t. 13 (264) urnigera, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 477 (266) vernicosa, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 478 (270) viminalis, La Bill. specim. II., 12 t. 151 (267) Stuartiana, F. M. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch., IV., 131 (269) Gunnii, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. III., 499 (268) Cucurbitaceae. Sicyos angulata, L. sp. pl. 1013 (287) Laurineae. Cassytha glabella, R. Br. prodr. 404 (686) pubescens, R. Br. prodr. 404 (685) melantha, R. Br. prod. 404 (684) Stackhousiaceae. Stackhousia pulvinaris, F. M. in transact. phil. soc. Vict., 101 flava, Hook. icon. t. 269 (153) linarifolia, A. Cunn. in Field’s N.S. Wales, 356 (150, 151) spathulata, Sieb. in Spreng. cur. post. 124 (152) Rhamnaceae. Pomaderris elliptica, La Bill. specim. I., 61, t. 86 (144, 145, 146) apetala, La Bill. specim. I., 62, t. 87 racemosa, Hook. journ. I., 256 (148) phylicifolia, Lodd. bot. cabin. t. 120 (149) Spyridium serpillaceum, F. M. fragm. III., 80 (132) parvifolium, F. M. fragm. III, 79 (138, 139) obovatum, Benth. fl. Austr. I, 499 (140) Gunnii, Benth. fl. Austr. I., 430 (187) Lawrencei, Benth. fl. Austr. I., 430 (134) eriocephalum, Fenzl. in Hueg. enum. 24 (135) ulicinum, Benth. fl. Austr. L., 434 (136) leucophractum, F. M. fragm. III., 77 (143) Cryptandra amara, Sm. in transact. Linn. soc. X., 295, t. 18, f.2 (141) alpina, J. Hook. fi. Tasm. I., 75, t. 12 (142) Discaria australis, Hook. bot. miscell. I., 137, t. 45 (131) Santalaceae. Leptomeria glomerata, F. M. in Hook. fl. Tasm. II., 370 (729) Billardierii, R. Br. prodr. 354 (728) Thesium Australe, R. Br. prodr. 212 (730) Exocarpus humifusa, R. Br. prodr. 357 (727) stricta, R. Br. prodr. 357 (726) cupressiformis, La Bill. voy. I. 155 t. 14 (735) 81 Proteaceae. Isopogon ceratophyllus, R. Br. in transact, Linn. soc. X., 72 (688) Conospermum taxifolium, Sm. in Rees cycl. IX., (687) Bellendena montana, R. Br. in transact. Linn. soc. X., 166 (693) Agastachys ordorata, R. Br. in transact. Linn. soc. X., 158 (689) Cenarrhenes nitida, La Bill. specim. I. 36, t. 50 (690) Persoonia Gunnii, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 283 (692) juniperina, La Bill. specim. I., 33, t. 45 (691) Orites diversifolia, R. Br. in transact. Linn. soc. X., 190 (700) Milligani, Meissn. in Cand. prodr. XIV., 424 (701) revoluta, R. Br. in. transact. Linn. soc. X., 190 (702) acicularis, R. Br. proteac. nov. 32 (703) Grevillea australis, R. Br. in transact. Linn. soc. X., 171 (694) Hakea pugioniformis, Cav. annal. hist. nat. I., 213, t. 11 (696) epiglottis, La Bill. specim. L. 30, t. 40 (693) acicularis, R. Br. in transact. Linn. soc. X., 182 (698,699) microcarpa, R. Br. in transact. Linn. soc. X., 182 (697) ulicina, R. Br. proteac. nov. 29 Telopea truncata, R. Br. in transact. Linn. soc. X., 198 (704) Lomatia tinctoria, R. Br. in transact Linn. soc. X., 189 (706) polymorpha, R. Br. in transact. Linn. soc. X., 200 (705) Banksia marginata, Cav. annal. hist. nat. I. 227. t. 13 (708) serrata, L. fil. suppl. 126 (707) Thymeleae. Pimelea cinerea, R. Br. prodr. 361 (716) Milligani, Meissn. in Cand. prodr. XIV., 509 glauca, R. Br. prodr. 360 (721) linifolia, Sm. bot. of N. Holl. 31, t. 11 (719, 720) Pimelea ligustrina, La Bill. specim. I. 9, t. 3 (717) humilis, R. Br. prodr. 361 (722) sericea, R. Br. prodr. 361 (715) nivea, La Bill. spec. I., 10, t. 6 (714) drupacea, La Bill. specim. I., 10, t. 7 (712) filiformis, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 280 (710) axiflora, F.M. in Linnaea, XX VI., 345 pauciflora, R. Br. prodr. 360 (723) pygmaea, F.M. in Linnaea, XXVI., 346 (724) serpillifolia, R. Br. prodr. 360 flava, R. Br. prodr. 361 (718) curviflora, R. Br. prodr. 362 (711) stricta, Meissn. in Linnaea XX VI., 348 Drapetes Tasmanica, J. Hook. in Kew miscell. V., 299, t. 7 (709) Umbelliferae. Hydrocotyle hirta, R. Br. in Ach. Rich. Hydrocot. 64 (305, 306, 307, 308) tripartita, R. Br. in Ach. Rich. Hydrocot, 69, t. 61 (311) pterocarpa, F.M. in transact. Vict. inst. 1855,126 (309) callicarpa, Bunge in Lehm. pl. Preiss. I., 283 (310) Asiatica, L. sp. pl. 234 (304) Didiscus humilis, J. Hook. icon. pl. t. 304 (313) 82 Didiscus pilosus, Benth. in Hueg. enum. 54 (312) Xanthosia pilosa, Rudge in transact. Linn. soc. X., 301, t. 22, | ’(314) pusilla, Bunge in Lehm. pl. Preiss. I., 291 (316) dissecta, J. Hooker icon. pl. t. 302 (315) Azorella saxifraga, Benth. fl. Austr. ITT. 365 (321) dichopetala, Benth. 4. Austr. ITI., 365 (319) Hydrocotyle, Benth. and Hook. gen. pl. I., 874 (317) cordifolia, Benth. and Hook. gen. pl. L., 874 (318) Actinotus bellioides, Benth. flor. Austr. III., 369 (320) Eryngium vesiculosum, La Bill. specim. 1, 73, t. 98, (323) Apium prostratum, La Bill. voy. I., 141 (325) Oreomyrrhis andicola, Endl. gen. pl. 787 (327-331) Crantzia lineata, Nutt. gen. pl. Amer. I., 178 (324) Aciphylla procumbens, F.M. in Benth. fl. Austr. IIT., 375 (322) Dancus brachiatus, Sieb. in Cand. prodr. IV., 214 (326) Araliaceae. Panax Gunnii, J. Hook in Lond. journ. VI., 466 (332) sambucifolius, Sieb. in Cand. prodr. III., 255 Caprifoliaceae. Sambucus Gaudichaudiana, Cand. prodr. IV., 322 (333) Rubiaceae. Coprosma hirtella, La Bill. specim. I., 70, t. 95 (334) microphylla, A. Cunn. in J. Hook, fl. Tasm. I.,165 (335) nitida, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 465 (336) pumila, J. Hook, in Lond. journ. VI., 465 (337) repens, J. Hook, fl. antarct. I., 23, t. 16, a Nertera depressa, Banks in Gaertn. de fruct. 1, 124, +.26 (340) Opercularia ovata, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 465 (338) varia, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 466 (339) Asperula conferta, J. Hook, in Lond. journ. VI., 464 (341, 346) Galium Gaudichaudi, Cand. prodr. IV., 607 (347) ciliare, J. Hook, in Lond. journ. VI., 461 (348) australe, Cand. prodr. IV., 608 (349, 350) albescens, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 462 (351) Aparine, L. sp. pl. 108 Compositae. Aster viscosus, La Bill. specim. II., 53 (353) argophyllus, La Bill. specim. I., 52, t. 201 (352) myrsinoides, La Bill. specim. II., 53, t. 202 (354, 355) persoonoides, A. Cunn. in Cand. ’prodr. V. 267 (356, 357) obcordatus, F. M. fragm. V. 69 (358) pinifolius, F. M. fragm. V., 71 (362) ledifolius, A. Cunn. in Cand. prodr. V., 269 (363) stellulatus, La Bill. spec. II., 50, t. 196 (359, 360, 361) axillaris, F. M. fragm. V., 64 (364) ramulosus, La Bill. specim. I1., 51, t. 198 (365 florulentus, F. M. fragm. V., 82 (367) lepidophyllus, Pers. syn. II., 442 (366) 83 Aster glutescens, F. M. fragm. V., 77 (369) Hookeri, F. M. (370) glandulosus, La Bill. specim. II., 50, t. 197 (368) Huegelii, F. M. fragm. V., 79 (371) Celmisia, F. M., fragm. V., 84 (372) Vittadinia australis, A. Rich. voy. Astrol. 250 (373, 374) Erigeron pappochromus, La Bill. specim. IT., 47, t. 193 (375,376,377) Lagenophora Billardierul, Cass. in dict. XXV., 111 (391, 392, 393) Huegelii, Benth. in Hueg. enum. 59 (394) Emphysopus, J. Hook. fi. Tasm. I., 189 (395) Brachycome diversifolia, F’. & M. ind. sem. hort. Petr. II., 31 (888) radicans, Steetz in Lehm. pl. Preiss. I., 420 (380) graminea, F. M. fragm. I., 49 (383) angustifolia, A. Cunn. in Cand. prodr. V., 306 (385) decipiens, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 114 (878) cardiocarpa, F. M. in Benth. fi. Austr. III., 517 (381) scapiformis, Cand. prodr. V., 306 (379, 382) stricta, Cand. prodr. V., 305 (386, 387) ciliaris, Less. synops. Compos. 172 (389) Nablonium calyceroides, Cass. in dict. XX XIV., 101 (396) Cotula filifolia, Thunb. fl. Cap. 696 coronopifolia, L. sp. pl. 892 (397, 399) australis, J. Hook, fl. Nov. Zel. I., 128 (398) alpina, J. Hook, fl. Tasm. I, 192, t. 51 A. (400) reptans, Benth. fl. Austr. III., 551 (401, 402) filicula, J. Hook, fl. Austr. III., 551 (403) Centipeda orbicularis, Lour. fl. Cochinch. IT., 602 (404) Abrotanella forsterioides, J. Hook, handb. I., 189 (405) scapigera, F. M. in Benth. fl. Austr. ITI., 553 (406) Angianthus Preissianus, Benth. fi. Austral. III., 566 (412) Calocephalus Brownii, F. M. rep. on Babb. pl. 18 (408) lacteus, Less. synops. Comp. 271 (407) citreus, Less. synops. Comp. 271 Craspedia Richea, Cass. in dict. XI., 353 (409, 410, 411) Casinia aculeata, R. Br. in transact. Linn. soc. XII., 127 (416) longifolia, R. Br. in transact. Linn. soc. XII., 127 spectabilis, R. Br. in transact. Linn. soc. XII., 128 (415) Rutidosis pumilo, Benth. fl. Austr. III., 595 (413, 414) Millotia tenuifolia, Cass. in ann. scienc. nat. 1829, p. 31 (438) Ixiolaena supina, F. M. in transact. Vict. inst. 1855, 37 Podolepis acuminata, R. Br. in Ait. hort. Kew, sec. ed. V.,82 (437) Leptorrhynchus squamatus, Less. synops. Comp. 273 (435) elongatus, Cand. prodr. VI., 160 (436) linearis, Less. synops. Comp. 273 Helichrysum scorpioides, La Bill. specim. IT., 45, t. 191 (440) dealbatum, La Bill. specim. II., 45 t. 190 (445) pumilum, J. Hook, fl. Tasm. L., 213 t. 60 (446) Milligani, J. Hook, fl. Tasm. I., 214, t. 60 (447) lucidum, Henckel adumbr. 1806 (439) leucopsidium, Cand. prodr. VI., 193 (444) apiculatum, Cand. prodr. VI., 195 (442) semipapposum, Cand. prodr. VI., 105 (441) reticulatum, Less. in Steud. nomencl. edit. II. (422) 84 Helichrysum cinereum, F. M. in Benth. fl. Aust. III., 629 (423) bracteolatum, Benth. fi. Austr. III., 630 (424) Gunnii, F. M. in Benth. fl. Austr. III., 630 (430) ledifolium, Benth. fl. Austr. III., 631 (427) rosmarinifolium, Less. inSteud. nomencl. edit. IT. (429) ferrugineum, Less. in Steud. nomencl. edit. II. (432) antennarium, F’. M. in Benth. fi. Austr. III., 632 (425) obcordatum, F. M. in Benth. fl. Austr. IIT., 632 (421) Backhousii, F. M. in Benth. fl. Austr. III., 6382 (426) Gravesii, F. M. baccharoides, F. M. fragm. V., 200 (417) scutellifolium, Benth. fl. Austr. III., 633 (420) lycopodioides, Benth. fl. Austr. III., 634 (418) selaginoides, F. M. in Benth. fl. Austr. IIT., 634 (419) Helipterum anthemoides, Cand. prodr. VI., 216 (449 incanum, Cand. prodr. VI. 215 (aay Antennaria Planchoni, F. M. (455) nubigena, "F. M. in transact. phil. soc. Vict. I., 45 (483) fae ae F. M. in papers roy. soc. Tasm. 1870 15 Gnaphalium luteo- a L. sp. pl. 851 (450) Japonipum, ‘Lhunb. fi. Jap. 311 (451, 452) alpigenum, Et M. an Hook, fl. Tasm. 2 32a75 t. 62 A. (453) indutum, i. “Hook, in Lond. journ. VI., 121 (454) Pterygopappus Lawrencei, J. Hook, i in Lond. journ., Vi 120 (434) Erechtites prenanthoides, Cand. prodr. VI., 296 (456) arguta, Cand. prodr. VI., 296 (457) quadridentata, Cand. prodr. VI., 295 (458) hispida, Cand. prodr. VI., 296 (459) Senecio papillosus, F. M. in transact. Vict. inst. II., 69 (471) primulifolius, F. M. in transact. Vict. inst. I., 69 (470) pectinatus, Cand. prodr. VI., 372 (463, 464) spatulatus, Ach. Rich. sert. Astrolab. 125 (465 centropappus, F. M. gen. rep. 1858, 26 (474 lautus, G. Forster prodr. 91 (461) velleyoides, A. Cunn. in Cand. prodr. VI., 374 (465) australis, Willd. spec. pl. III., 1981 (467) odoratus, Horn. hort. Hafn. II., 809 (458) Bedfordi, F.M. gen. rep. 1858, 26 (472) Billardieri, F. M. gen. rep. 1858, 26 (473) Cymbonotus Lawsonianus, Gaud. bot. voy. Freycin. 462, t. 86 (475) Microseris Forsteri, J. Hook, fl. Nov. Zel. I., 151 (476) Stylideae. Stylidium graminifolium, Sw. in mag. Berl. 1805, 49, t. I (490) perpusillum, J. Hook. in Lond. journ, Mile, 260 (492) despectum, R. Br. prodr. 571 (491) Leeuwenhookia dubia., Sond. in Lehm. pl. Preiss. I. 392 Phyllachne bellidifolia FM. fragm. VIII., 39 (493) Donatia Novae Zelandiae, J. Hook. fl. N ov. Zel, I. ; Sl, + Bee Campanulaceae. Lobelia gibbosa, La Bill. specim. I., 50, t. 71 (499) Sd Lobelia anceps, Thunb. prodr. fl. Cap. 40 surrepens, J. Hook, fl. Tasm. IJ., 237, t. 19 pratioides, Benth. fl. Austr. IV., 131 irrigua, R. Br. prodr. 563 pedunculata, R. Br. prodr. 563 Isotomia fluviatilis, F.M. in Benth. fl. Austr. IV. 136 Wahlenbergia gracilis, A. de Cand. monog. campan. 142 saxicola, A. de Cand. monog. campan. 144 Goodenoviaceae. (494) (495) (498) (496) (497) (500) (501) Brunonia australis, Sm. in transact. Linn. soc. X., 367, t. 28 (479) Dampiera stricta, R. Br. prodr. 589 Scaevola Hookeri, F.M. rep. 1853, p. 15 aemula, R. Br. prodr. 584 microcarpa, Cav. icon. VI., 509 Selliera radicans, Cav. icon. V., 49, t. 474 Goodenia humilis, R. Br. prodr. 575 elongata, La Bill. specim. I., 52, t. 75 geniculata, R. Br. prodr. 577 ovata, Sm. in transact. Linn. soc. I., 347 barbata, R. Br. prodr. 576 Velleya paradoxa, R. Br. prodr. 580 montana, J. Hook, in Lond. journ. VI., 265 rentianene. Villarsia exaltata, G. Don dichl. pl. IV., 169 exigua, F.M. fragm. VI., 137 Gunnii, J. Hook, fl. Tasm. II., 368 Gentiana saxosa, G. Forst. prodr. 21 Sebaeaovata, R. Br. prodr, 452 albidiflora, F.M. in transact. phil. soc. Vict. I., 46 Erythraea australis, R. Br. prodr. 451 Loganiaceae. Mitrasacme pilosa, La Bill. specim. I., 36, t. 49 serpillifolia, R. Br. prodr. 454 montana, J. Hook, fl. Tasm. I., 274, t. 88 Archeri J. Hook, fl. Tasm. I1., 368 paradoxa, R. Br. prodr. 454 (480) (481) distylis, F.M. in transact. phil. soc. Vict. I., 20 (589) Oleaceae. Notelaea ligustrina, Vent. choix 35 Apocyneae. Lyonsia straminea, R. Br. prodr. 466 Alyxia buxifolia, R. Br. prodr. 470 Epacrideae. Styphelia adscendens, R. Br. prodr. 537 humifusa, Pers. synops. I., 174 pinifolia, Spr. syst. I, 659 Billardierii, F.M. fragm. VI., 43 straminea, Spr. syst. I., 656 Hookeri, F.M. fragm. VI., 44 dealbata, Spr. syst. I., 659 (510, 511) (513) (512) 86 Styphelia abietina, La Bill, specim. I., 48 t. 68 oxycedrus, La Bill. specim. I., 49 parvifolia, R. Br. prodr. 540 strigosa, Sm. bot. New Holl. montana, R. Br. prodr. 540 lanceolata, Sm. bot. New Holl. 49 Richei, La Bill, specim., I., 44, t. 60 australis, R. Br. prodr. 541 virgata, La Bill. specim. I., 46 t. 65 collina, La Bill. specim., I., 47, t. 65 ericoides, Sm. bot. New Holl. 48 Fraseri, F.M. fragm. VI., 46 serrulata, La Bill. specim. I., 45, t. 62 elliptica, Sm. bot. New Holl. 49 lineata, F. M. scoparia, R. Br. prodr. 547 empetrifolia, R. Br. prodr. 547 Brachyloma depressum, Benth. fl. Austr. IV., 173 ciliatum, Benth. fi. Austr. IV., 173 Trochocarpa involucrata, F.M. fragm. VI., 57 pumila, F.M. fragm. VI., 57 ericifolia, F.M. fragm. VI., 74 verticillata, F.M. VI., 74 disticha, Spr. syst. I., 660 thymifolia, Spr. syst. I., 660 Gunnii, F.M. VL., 74 Epacris impressa, La Bill. specim. I., 48, t. 58 (544, petrophila, J. Hook, fl. Tasm. I., 261 obtusifolia, Sm. exot. bot. I., 77, t. 40 myrtifolia, La Bill. specim. I, 41, t. 55 exserta, R. Br. prodr. 551 mucronulata, R. Br. prodr. specim. 552 lanuginosa, La Bill. specim. I., 42, t. 57 heteronema, La Bill. specim. I., 42, t. 56 serpillifolia, R. Br. prodr. 551 microphylla, R. Br. prodr. 550 acuminata, Benth. fl. Austr. IV. 240 hirtella, F.M. fragm. VI., 71 micranthera, F.M. fragm. VI., 72 Prionotes cerinthoides, R. Br. prodr. 553 Poiretia cucullata, Cav. icon. t. 348 (564, Richea sprengeloides, F.M. fragm. VI., 68 procera, F.M. fragm. VI., 68 acerosa, F.M. fragm. VI., 69 Milligani, F.M. fragm. VI. 69 Guunii, J. Hook, in Lond. journ. VI., 273 scoparia, J. Hook, fl. in Lond. journ. VI., 273 dracophylla, R. Br. prodr. 555 pandanifolia, J. Hook, fl. antarct. I., 50 Dracophyllum Milligani, Hook icon. pl. 845 minimum, F.M. fragm. I,. 39 Ericineae. Pernettya Tasmanica, J. Hook, in Lond. journ. VI., 268 (617) (514, 516) (515) (518) (519, 529) (523) (522) (524) (525) (527) (526) (530) (533) (531) (532) (521) (521) (539) (541) (540) (542) (535, 536) (538) (537) 545, 546) (558) (555) 565, 566) (567) (568) (569) (570) (573) (574) (572) (571) (575) (576) (505) 87 Gaultiera hispida, R. Br. prodr. 559 (502) lanceolata, J. Hook, in Lond. journ. VI., 267 (503) antipoda, G. Forst. prodr. 196 (504) Convolvulaceae. Convolvulus erubescens, Sims bot. mag. t. 1067 (594) sepium, L. sp. pl. 153 (595, 596) Dichondra repens, Forst. gen. 39, t. 20 (599) Wilsonia humilis, R. Br. prodr. 490 (597) Backhousii, J. Hook, in Lond. journ. VI., 275 (598) Cuscuta Tasmanica, Engelm. in transact. acad. St. Louis ry. ol2 (600) Solanaceae. Solanum aviculare, G. Forst. prodr. 18 (622) vescum, F.M. in transact. Vict. inst., 1855, p. 59 Anthocercis Tasmanica, J. Hook, fl. Tasm. I. 289, t. 92 (623) Scrophularinae. Mazus Pumilio, R. Br. prodr. 439 (624) Mimulus repens, R. Br. prodr. 439 (625) Gratiola Peruviana, L. sp. pl. 17 (626, 627) nana, Benth. in Cand. prodr. X., 404 (628) Glossogyne elatinoides, Benth. in J. Hook, fl. Nov. Zel. I., 189 (629) Limosella aquatica, L. sp. pl. 631 (630) Veronica formosa, R. Br. prodr. 434 (631) Derwentia, Littlejohn in Andr. bot. rep. t. 531 (632) nivea, Lindl. bot. reg. 1842, misc. 42 (633) gracilis, R. Br. prodr. 435 (637) distans, R. Br. prodr. 435 (635) calycina, R. Br. prodr. 435 (634) plebeja, R. Br. prodr. 435 notabilis, F. M. in Benth. fl. Austr. IV., 511 Ourisia integrifolia, R. Br. prodr. 439 (638) Euphrasia scabra, R. Br. prodr. 437 (642) Brownii, F. M. fragm. V., 88 (639, 640, 641, 643) cuspidata, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. I., 298 (644) Lentibularinae. Utriculaiia flexuosa, Vahl. enum. I., 198 (645) dichotoma, La Bill. specim. I., 11, t. 8 (646, 647) lateriflora, R. Br. prod. 431 (648) \ monantha, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. I., 299 (649) Polypompholyx tenella, Lehm. nov. stirp. pug. VIII, 50 (650) Asperifoliae. Myosotis autralis, R. Br. prodr. 495 (601) suaveolens, Poir. diction. suppl. IV., 44 (602) Cynoglossum suaveolens, R. Br. prodr. 495 (604) australe, R. Br. prodr. 495 (603) latifolium, R. Br. prodr. 495 (605) Labiatae. Mentha australis, R. Br. prodr. 505 . (606) 88 Mentha gracilis, R. Br. prodr. 505 (607) saturejoides, R. Br. prodr. 505 (608) Lycopus australis, R. Br. prodr. 500 (609) Prunella vulgaris, L. sp. pl. 600 (610) Scutellaria humilis, R. Br. prodr. 507 (611) Prostanthera lasianthos, La Bill. Nov. Holl. pl. spec. II. , 18+. 157 (612) rotundifolia, R. Br. prodr. 509 613 cuneata, Benth. in Gand. prodr. XII., 560 (614) Westringia augustifolia, R. Br. prodr. 501 (617) brevifolia, Benth. labiat. 459 (616) rubiifolia, R. Br. prodr. 501 (615) Teucrium corymbosum, R. Br. prodr. 504 (618) Ajuga australis, R. Br. prodr. 503 (619) Myoporinae. Myoporum insulare, R. Br. prodr. 516 (620) parvifolium, R. Br. prodr. 516 Primulaceae. Samolus repens, Pers. synops. L, 171 (651) Plumbagineae. Statice Taxanthema, Roem. and Schult. syst. I., 959 (652) Plantagineae. Plantago varia, R. Br. prodr. 424 (653, 654, 655) Tasmanica, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. VI., 276 (656, 657) Brownii, Rapin in mem. soc. Linn. Par. VI., 484 (658, 659) Gunni, J. Hook. in Lond. journ. V., 446, t. 13 (660) Cupuliferae. Fagus Gunnii, J. Hook. in icon. pl. 881 (744) Cunnighami, Hook. journ. of bot. IT., 152, t. 7 (743) Caswarineae. Casuarina quadrivalvis, La Bill. specim. II., 67, t. 218 (745) suberosa, Otto and Dietr. Gartenzeit, 1841, 155 (747) distyla, Vent. jard. Cels. t. 62 (746) bicuspidata, Benth. fl. Austr. VI., 202 Coniferae. Athrotaxis cupressoides, D. Don in transact. Linn. soc. KV, 473, t. A538. 2 (751) ; laxifolia, Hook. icon. 573 (753) selaginoides, D. Don in transact. Linn. soc. XVII, 172, t. 4 (752) Frenela Ventenatii, Mirb. in mém. du mus. XIII., 74 (748) australis, R. Br. in mém. du mus. XIII., 74 (749) Diselma Archeri, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. I., 353, t. 98 (750) Pherosphaera Hookeriana, Arch. in Kew misc. I., 52 (754) Dacrydium tetragonum, Parl. in Cand. prodr. XVI., IL, 496 (757) Franklini, J. ‘Hook. in Lond. journ. IV., 152, t. 6 (756) Podocarpus alpina, R. Br. in mém. du mus. XIII. 1 5 (755) Phyllocladus rhomboidalis, A. Rich, Conif. 130, t. 3 (758) 89 MONOCOTYLEDONEAE. Hydrocharideae. Vallisneria spiralis, L. sp. pl. 1015 (87) Orchideae. Dendrobium striolatum, G. Reichenb. in Otto’s Gartenzeit. 1857, 313 (77, 78) Sarcochilus paviflorus, Lindl. in bot. reg. 1838, app. 34 (76) Dipodium punctatum, R. Br. prodr. 331 (75) Gastrodia sesamoides, R. Br. prodr. 330 (74) Spiranthes australis, Lindl. orch. pl. 464 (28) Calochilus campestris, R. Br. prodr. 320 (27) Thelymitra ixioides, Sw. in Kongel. Akad. Stockh. Handl. 1800, 228, t. 3 L (7) aristata, Lindl. orchid. pl. 521 (3) longifolia, R. and G. Forst. char. gen. 98, t. 49 (5) carnea, R. Br. prodr. 314 (4) flexuosa, Endl. nov. stirp. dec. 23 (2) antennifera, J. Hook. fi. Tasm. IT., 4, t. 101 A. (1) cyanea, Lindl. in Benth. fl. Austr. VI., 323 (3) Diuris palustris, Lindl. orch. pl. 507 (9) maculata, Sm. exot. bot. I., 57, t. 38 (8) pedunculata, R. Br. prodr. 316 (12) sulphurea, R. Br. prodr. 316 (10) longifolia, R. Br. prodr. 316 (11) Cryptostylis longifolia, R. Br. prodr. 317 (13) Prasophyllum australe, R. Br. prodr. 318 (15) flavum, R. Br. prodr. 318 (17) elatum, R. Br. prodr. 318 (14) brevilabre, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. II., 11, +. 110 A. (16) patens, R. Br. prodr. 318 Gis:-19) fuscum, R. Br. prodr. 318 (20, 21) nigricans, R. Br. prodr. 319 rufum, R. Br. prodr. 319 (26) brachystachyum, Lindl. orch. pl. 513 (22, 23) despectans, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. II.,18,+.113 A. (24) Archeri, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. IT., 14, t. 113 B (25) intricatum, C. St. in Benth. fl. Austr. VI.,346 (26) Microtis porrifolia, Spr. syst. veg. III., 713 (51, 54) Corysanthes fimbriata, R. Br. prodr. 328 29 Pterostylis curta, R. Br. prodr. 326 (34) nutans, R. Br. prodr. 327 (35) pedunculata, R. Br. prodr. 327 (36) nana, R. Br. prodr. 327 (37) semirubra, F. M. fragm. VIII., 247 (37) cucullata, R. Br. prodr. 327 (39) Pterostylis furcata, Lindl. orch. pl. 390 (40, 41) praecox, Lindl. orch. pl. 388 (45) obtusa, R. Br. prodr. 327 (38) parviflora, R. Br. prodr. 327 (47) aphylla, Lindl. orch. pl. 392 (46) barbata, Lindl. in bot. reg. XXV., app. 53 (42) mutica, R. Br. prodr, 328 (43) ‘ : 30 Pterostylis rufa, R. Br. prodr. 327 (44) longifolia, R. Br. prodr. 327 (48) Caleana major, R. Br. prodr. 329 (32) minor, R. Br. prodr. 329 (33) Acianthus candatus, R. Br. prodr. 321 (55) exsertus, R. Br. prodr. 321 (56) viridis, J. Hook, fl. Tasm. II., 372 (57) Eriochilus auctumnalis, R. Br. prodr. 323 (59) Lyperanthus nigricans, R. Br. prodr, 325 (30) Burnetti F.M. fragm. V., 96 (31) Cyrtostylis reniformis, R, Br. prodr. 322 (58) Caladenia pulcherrima, F.M. fragm. V., 93 (61-64) latifolia, R. Br. prodr. 324 (66) suaveolens, G. Reichenb. Beitr. 67 carnea, R. Br. prodr. 324 (69) coerulea, R. Br. prodr. 324 (68) deformis, R. Br. prodr. 324 (67) Menziesii, R. Br. prodr. 325 (60) Chiologottis diphylla, R. Br. prodr. 323 (49) Gunnii, Lindl. orch. pl. 387 (50) Glossodia major, R. Br. prodr. 326 (73) Irideae.. Diplarrhena Moraea, La Bill. voy. I., 157, t. 15 (81) Patersonia glauca, R. Br. prodr. 304 (79) longiscapa, Sweet fl. Austr. 39, t. 39 (80) Sisyrinchium pulchellum, R. Br. prodr. 305 (82) Campynema lineare, La Bill. specim. I., 93 t. 121 (107) Amaryllideae. Haemodorum distichophyllum, Hook. icon. 866 (83) Hypoxis hygrometrica, La Bill. specim. I., 82, t. 108 (84) glabella, R. Br. prodr. 289 (85, 86) Liliaceae. Bartlingia minor, F. M. fragm. VIL, 89 (135) Astelia stylosa, F. M. in J. Hook. fl. Tasm. IT., 61 (137) alpina, R. Br. prodr. 291 (136) Milligania longifolia, J. Hook. in Kew, misc, V., 296 t. IX. (188) densiflora, J. Hook. in Kew, misc. V., 297 (139) Burchardia umbellata, R. Br. prodr. 273 (103) Anguillaria australis, F. M. fragm. VIII. (104, 105) Hewardia Tasmanica, J. Hook, icon. pl. 858 (106) Drymophila cyanocarpa, R. Br. prodr. 292 (108) Blandfordia marginata, Herb. in bot. reg. 1842, misc. 93 (109) Chamaescilla corymbosa, F. M. fragm. VIIL., 68 (117) Caesia parviflora, R. Br. prodr. 277 (118) vittata, R. Br. prodr. 277 (119) alpina, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. IT., 373 (120) Arthropodium strictum, R. Br. prodr. 276 (113, 114) paniculatum, R. Br. prodr. 276 (110, 111, 112) Thysanotus Patersoni, R. Br. prodr, 284 (121) Bulbine semibarbata, Haw. revis. 33 (116) bulbosa, Haw. revis. 33 (115) 91 Tricoryne elatior, R. Br. prodr. 278 (123) Herpolirion Novae Zealandiae, J. Hook, fl. Nov. Zel. I., 258 (122) Stypandra caespitosa, R. Br. prodr. 279 (124, 125) Dianella longifolia, R. Br. prodr. 280 (127) revoluta, R. Br. prodr. 280 (129) elegans, Kunth and Bouché ind. sem. hort. Ber. 1848 Tasmanica, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. IT., 57, t. 183 (130) Xanthorrhoea minor, R. Br. prodr. 288 (134) australis, R. Br. prodr. 288 (134) AXyrideae. Xyris gracilis, R. Br. prodr. 256 (159) operculata, La Bill. specim. I., 14, t. 10 (158) Najadeae. Triglochin procera, R. Br. prodr. 343 (93) striata, Ruiz and Pay. fl. Peruv. III., 7 (91) nana, F. M. in transact. Vict. inst. I., 135 (92) Potamogeton obtusifolius, Mert. and Koch Deutschl. fl. I., 855 (96) praelongus, Wulf. in Roem. Arch. III., 331 perfoliatus, L. sp. pl. 126 natans, L. sp. pl. 126 (94, 95) marinus, L. sp. pl. 127 Ruppia maritima, L. sp. pl. 127 (97) Lepilaena Preissii, F. M. fragm. VIII., 217 (98) Posidonia australis, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. II., 48 (99) Cymodocea antarctica, Endl. genpl. 230 (100) Zostera Muelleri, Jrmisch in Linnaea, 1867, p. 168 Tasmanica, Martens in Linnaea, 1867 168 (101) Halophila ovata, Gand. voy. Freycin, bot. 470, t. 40 (102) Lemnaceae. Lemna minor, L. sp. pl. 970 (88) trisulca, L. sp. pl. 790 (89) Typhaceae. Typha Brownu, Kunth enum. III., 92 (90) Muelleri, Rohrb. in Verhandl. Brandenb. 1869, p. 95 Xerotideae. Xerotes longifolia, R. Br. prodr. 262 (142) glauca, R. Br. prodr. 260 (141) Junceae. Luzula campestris, Cand. fl. franc. III., 161 (156, 157) Juncus planifolius, R. Br. prodr. 259 (142) caespititius, HK. Mey. in Lehm. pl. Preiss. II., 47 (154) falcatus, E. Meyer in reliq. Haenk. II., 144 (143) Holoschoenus, R. Br. prodr. 259 (147) maritimus, Lam. encycl. III., 264 (148) vaginatus, R. Br. prodr. 258 (155) communis, EK. Mey. June. 12 (151) Brownii, F. M. report 1853, p. 19 (145) bufonius, L. sp. pl. 328 (144) 92 Restiaceae. Restio tetraphyllus, La Bill. specim. I., 77, t. 226 and 227 (164) complanatus, R. Br. prodr. 245 (160) oligocephalus, F. M. fragm. VIII., 68 (160) australis, R. Br. prodr. 245 (162) gracilis, R. Br. prodr. 245 (163) Lepyrodia stricta, R. Br. prodr. 248 (165) paniculata, F. M. fragm. VIII., 73 Hypolaena fastigiata, R. Br. prodr. 251 (168) Calostrophus elongatus, La Bill. specim. II., 78, t. 228 lateriflorus, F. M. fragm. VIII., 87 (169) Leptocarpus simplex, R. Br. prodr. 250 (166) tenax, R. Br. prodr. 250 (167) Centrolepideae. Aphelia gracilis, Sond. in Linnaea 1856, p. 227 (170) Pumilio F. M. in Linnaea 1856, p. 226 (171) Centrolepis aristata, Roem. and Schult. syst. veg. I., 44 (172) fascicularis, La Bill. specim. I., 7, t. 1 (174) pulvinata, Roem. and Schult. syst. veg. I, 43 (175) muscoides, Hieron. Halle Abhandl. XIT., 94 (177) polygyna, Hieron. Halle Abhandl. XIT., 96 (179) glabra, F. M. in Halle Abhandl. XIT., 95 (178) Trithuria submersa, J. Hook, fi. Tasm., I., 78 t. 133 (180) Cyperaceae. Cyperus lucidus, R. Br. prodr. 218 (181,182) Heleocharis sphacelata, R. Br. prodr. 224 (192) palustris, R. Br. prodr. 224 (193) acicularis, R. Br. prodr. 224 Isolepis fluitans, R. Br. prodr. 221 (194,195,196) setacea, R. Br. prodr. 222 (200,201) Gaudichaudiana, Kunth. enum. II., 201 cartilaginea, R. Br. prodr. 222 (202) prolifera, R. Br. prodr. 223 (198) nodosa, R. Br. prodr. 221 (199) Scirpus pungens, Vahl. enum. II., 255 (204) lacustris, L. sp. pl. 48 (206) maritimus, L. sp. pl. 51 (205) Cladium Mariscus, R. Br. prodr. 236 (227 Filum, R. Br. prodr. 237 (226, 228) Radula, R. Br. prodr. 237 psittacorum, F. M. fragm. [X., 13 (229) melanocarpum, F. M. fragm. IX., 13 (230) glomeratum, R. Br. prodr. 237 (220) schoenoides, R. Br. prodr. 236 (224, 225) Gunnii, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. II., 95, t. 148 (221, 223) junceum, R. Br. prodr. 237 (222) Lepidosperma filiforme, La Bill. specim. I., 17, t. 15 (218) tetragonum, La Bill. specim. I., 17, t. 17 (217) lineare, R. Br. prodr. 235 (214) squamatum, La Bill. specim. I., 17, t. 16 (215) Sieberi, Kunth enum, II., 320 (210, 213) 93 Lepidosperma longitudinale, La. Bill. specim. I., 16, t, 13 (209) elatius, La Bill. specim. I., 15, t. 11 (208) gladiatum, La Bill. specim. I., 15, t. 12 (207) Oreobolus Pumilio, R. Br. prodr. 236 (219) Schoenus fluitans, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. IT., 81, t. 141 (183) Chaetospora alpina, Endl. gen. 118 (191) tenuissima, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. II., 80, t. 140 (184) capillaris, F.M. fr. IX., 34 (185) nitens, R. Br. prodr. 233 (186) axillaris, R. Br. prodr. 233 (188) imberbis, R. Br., prodr. 233 (187) sphaerocephala, R. Br. prodr. 233 (189) Chorizandra enodis, Nees in Lehm. pl. Preiss. I., 73 (190) Caustis pentandra, R. Br. prodr. 240 (231) Carex Pyrenica, Wahlenb. in Act. Holm. 1803, p. 139 (232) tereticaulis, F.M. fragm. VIII., 256 appressa, R. Br. prodr. 242 (234) chlorantha, R. Br. prodr. 242 (235) inversa, R. Br. prodr. 242 (233) caespitosa, L. sp. pl. 978 (236) Gunniana, Boott in transac. Linn, soc. XX., 143 (237, 238) pumila, Thunb. fi. Japon. 38 (239) cataractae, R. Br. prodr. 242 (240) longifolia, R. Br. prodr. 242 (241) Pseudo-Cyperus, L. sp. pl. 978 (242) breviculmis, R. Br. prodr. 242 (243) Uncinia tenella, R. Br. prodr. 241 (245) riparia, R. Br. prodr. 241 (246) compacta, R. Br. prodr. 241 (247, 248) Gramineae. Ehrharta distichophylla, La Bill. specim. I., 90, t. 117 (249) tenacissima, Steud. glum. I, 7 (250) acuminata, F.M. in transact. phil. soc. Vict. I., 111 (251) stipoides, La Bill. specim. I., 91, t. 118 (252, 253) diarrhena, F. M. fragm. VII., 89 (254) Stipa semibarbata, R. Br. prodr. 174 (262) pubescens, R. Br. prodr. 174 (263) fiavescens, La Bill. specim. I., 24, t. 30 (264) setacea, R. Br. prodr. 174 (265) teretifolia, Steud. glum., I., 128 (268) micrantha, Cav. icon. V. 42. t. 467 (267) pentapogon, F. M. fragm. VIII., 106 (280) Dichelachne, Steud. nomencl. II., 502 (266) Cinna ovata, Kunth gram. I. 167 (279) Agrostis quadriseta, R. Br. prodr. 171 (271) parviflora, R. Br. prodr. 170 (269) venusta, Trin. Agrost, II., 94 (270) Solandri, F. M. Chath. Isl. veg. 60 (272, 272) aequata, Neesin Hook. Lond. journ, II., 413 (273) scabra, R. Br. prodr. 172 (275, 277) montana, R. Br. prodr. 172 (271) Hierochloa antarctica, R. Br, prodr, 209 (259) 94 Hierochola alpina, Roem. and Schult. syst. veg. If., 510 (260) rariflora, J. Hook. fl. antarct. I., 93 (261) Anthistiria ciliata, Linn. diss. de gram. 35 (258) Aira caespitosa, L. sp. pl. 64 (282) Trisetum subspicatum, Beauv. essai 88 (283) Danthonia nervosa, J. Hook. fi. Tasm. II., 121,t. 163 (289, 290) penicillata, F, M. fragm. VIIT., 135 (284, 275, 287, 290) Festuca fluitans, L. sp. fl. 75 (291) syrtica, F. M. fragm. VIII., 130 (292) distichophylla, J. Hook. fl. Tasm. II., 127 (300) Billardierii, Steud. glum. I., 304 (353, 304, 305) litoralis, La Bill. specim. I., 22, t. 27 (302) Hookeriana, F.M. in J. Hook. fl. Tasm. II., 127, t. 165 (301) Poa caespitosa, G. Forst. prodr. p. 89 (293 295) saxicola, R. Br. prodr. 180 (294 296) Zoysia pungens, Willd. in Berl. Verhandl. III., 440 Hemarthria uncinata, R. Br. prodr. 207 (257) Spinifex hirsutus, La Bill. specim. II., 81, t. 230 (256) Imperata arundinacea, Cyrill. icon. fase. IL., t. 11 Phragmites communis, Trin. fund. 134 (281) ACOTYLEDONEAZ. Filices. Lycopodiaceae. Lycopodium, Selago, L. sp. pl. 1102 densum, La Bill. specim. I., 104, t 251 laterale, R. Br. prodr. 165 Carolinianum, L. sp. pl. 1104 clavatum, L. sp. pl. 1101 scariosum. G. Forst. prodr. 48 Selaginella uliginosa, Spring monogr. des Lyc. 60 Preissiana, Spring. monogr. des Lyc. 62 Tmesipteris Tannensis, Bernh. in Schrad. journ. 1800, IT., 131 Phylloglossum Drummondi, Kunze bot. Zeit. 1843, p. 724 Ophioglosseae. Ophioglossum vulgatum, L. spl. pl. 1062 Botrychium Lunaria, Swartz syn. fil. 171 teratum, Sw. syn. fil. 172 Schizaceae. Schizaea bifida, Sw. syn. fil. 150 fistulosa, La Bill. specim. IT., 103 t. 250 Osmundaceae. Todea Africana, Willd. in Schrift. Acad. Erfurt 1802, p. 14 Gleicheniaceae. G1 eichenia flabellata, R. Br. prodr. 161 circinata, Sw. syn. fil. 165 dicarpa, R. Br. prodr. 161 ae) 4) Hymenophylleae. Trichomanes venosum, R. Br. prodr. 159 Hymenophyllum demissum, Sw. syn. fil. 147 Tunbridgense, Sm. fl. Brit. 1141 Cyatheae. Cyathea medullaris, Sw. syn. fil. 141 Dicksonia antarctica, La Bill. specim. II., 100, t. 249 Alsophila australis, R. Br. prodr. 158 exeelsa, R. Br. prodr. 158 var. Cooperi Polypodiaceae. Davallia dubia, R. Br. prodr. 157 Hypolepis tenuifolia, Bernh. in Schrad journ. I., 34 Polypodium punctatum, Thunb. prodr. flor. Cap. 169 pustulatum, G. Forst, prodr. n. 436 Grammitidis, R. Br. prodr. 147 australe, Metten. polyp. 36 Cystopteris fragilis, Bernh. in Schrad. journ. II., 272 Lindsaya linearis, Sw. syn. fil. 118 trichomanoides, Dryand. in transact. Linn. soc, III., 43, t. 11 Adiantum Aethiopicum, L. sp. pl. edit. sec. 1560 Cheilanthes tenuifolia, Sw. syn. fil. 129 Grammitis rutifoha, R. Br. prodr. 146 leptophylla, Sw. syn. fil. 23 Asplenium flabellifolium, Cav. demonstr. 257 Trichomanes, L. sp. pl. 1080 marinum, L. sp. pl. 1081 umbrosum, J. Sm. in Hook, journ. IV., 174 Doodia candata, R. Br. prodr. 151 Pteris falcata, R. Br. prodr. 154 aquilina, L. sp. pl. 1075 arguta, Ait. hort. Kew, III., 458 incisa, Thunb. prodr. fl. Cap. 171 comans, G. Forst. prodr. 79 Lomaria Patersoni, Spreng. syst. [V., 62 Capensis, Willd. sp. pl. V. 291 discolor, Willd. in Magaz. naturf. Fr. 1809 p. 160 fluviatilis, Spr. syst. veg. IV. 65 Vulcanica, Blume enum. fil. Jav. 202 lanceolata, Spr. syst. veg. IV., 62 alpina, Spr. syst. veg. IV., 62 Aspidium coriaceum, Sw. syn. fil. 57 decompositum, Spreng. syst. veg. TV. 109 aculeatum, Sw. in Schrad. journ. 1800, 37 oY a = "\ Ket eS ae wl AY t; oe 2 eee ae Roar a ie 7 : Aertel ie 1d : ‘ ’ rer | ’ t in 7 - ey!) ; r * : XV. OCTOBER, 1874. PRIVATE OpsERVATORY, Hopart Town. | Bar. 37ft abv sea level,cor-| Self-registering Wind rected and) Thermometers. . reduced. °) | al 2! o : na Sb Oe a S\S| 4 3 Oo" a= ~~ | = Lond rm } no S QA R ie) ano | 29 S Sle = S a 2 | elm = : pet ey la ee ) Qh ae ese sy taleo\ | S ES \o8 S Zs } = g a 2 Saleen? Ss ay me) .e (ee | wm | 2 ras her el a H (oid | ) ze edn eda 1° ° i 1 30°321 30°287|68 44 | 99°0 |41°0 NW SE | 3°12 2) 30°314/ 30°125/70 40 |101°0 |35°0 NW SE | 1°04 3 29°917 29°815|70 46 |102-0 39°0 NNWS | 8 4/29 °915 29°784/64 50 | 97°5 |42°5 | N S SW | 1°30 5/30°115 30°112|65 44 | 99°0 (40°5 NEN I. ? Soe 6|30°142 30°121'60 47 | 69°0 |43°0 NW W Nw | 1°30 7|30°012 29°873|81 47 |107°0 |46°0 NW SW 52 8) 29°937|29°752/81 58 |104°5 57:0 | SW NW sf 3°38 9)29°907|29°728|73 52 | 98°0 |49 0 | SW 31°26 10) 29°984'29°731\77 47 |113°0 |44°0 NW N 8°33 11) 29584 29°464/85 60 |114°0 52°70 | SW WSW 21:36 12 30°178 30°137|76 45 | 96°0 |41°5 S SE F523 13) 29°958|29°714|75. 45 |105°0 |41°5 NWS L300 14! 29°971|29°749\66.51 | 93°5 |45°0 NE SW | 1°04 15|30°293 30°259|62 46 | 99°0 |43°5 SW SE | 1°04 16|30°168) 29°923|63 44 | 84°5 |40°0 NW BTA? 17|30°182)30°126|70 50 |107°0 |43°5 NW NES 1°04 18) 30°176 29°915|83 48 |115°0 |44°5 NW SE 1°04 19) 29-936|29-917 8161 |101°0 |55°0 NW SSW 1°56 20 29°971 28°910|69 51 | 98°5 |42°0 SW 13°45 21 30°115 307110 66 44 | 99°0 |38°0 NW SE 78 22/30°209 30°095'68 40 |100°0 36°0 W SES 52 23 30°152 30°127 |67 44 |111°0 |39°0 W SE 1°04 24 30°087|29°915'66 42 | 96-0 |37°0 NE E 1°56 25) 29°622|29°528|78 54 |108°5 |48°5 NW SE 26 26 29°450 29°303 71 50 |107°5 |44°0 NW SW 23°44 27 29-682 29°650 68 51 |103°0 |48°0 N NW 10°94 28 29°932 29°889'71 48 |108°0 |45°0 NW N 6°25 29 29°935 29°871 69 52 |105°0 |43°5 NWN 8-06 30/ 29°692)29°611/75 50 |107°0 |45-0 WwW NW 15°63 31/29°509|29°476 71 47 107°0 |44°0 NE SW N /10°41 Monthly mean| 61°38 |98°56 |43°€8| Total Force...183°18 29°904 velocity during the | Rain in Inches. dered only approximately correct. ed from currents moving at a height of 192 feet and the force sition, however, of a uniform “The mean in all cases is taken from the sums of the three daily registers, and not from the maxi- _ mn ra ° >) oD 2 os 0°05 aS 0°02 ae = (0°02 om H ay Es =] B12 ~~» re 235 op OO = | 255 | 0°15 ir | Bos ro 0-02 | BES : ad Rak: 005/ 8, Sux 0°27 SS eH FP 6o88 S ie 1) Seles q S56 i bie > _— a 2 254 0°39 = ota =i ae oy len Bes 0°97 S Qs Fa ee Barometer mean, 29°904in., being 0°12Gin. above the average. Temperature mean, 61°38", being 699° above the average. Solar intensity mean, 98°56", being 1°44° above the ditto. Dew point mean, 46°0°, being 1°46’ above the ditto. Humidity of air mean, ‘60, being 13 per cent. below ditto. Elastic force of vapour mean, ‘324, being ‘031 per cent. above the ditto. Total amount of rain, 0‘97in., being 1:09in. below the ditto. Increase of spontaneous evaporation on rainfall, 4°40in. Mean amount of ozone, 6°40, being 1°44 of chromatic scale below ditto. Electricity active all through the month, with only one register nil on the /25th. The force of electricity in the atmosphere is very arbitrary, when the air is clear and sky serene, the electricity is generally plus. a minimum. There are two positive, and two negative, every 24 hours. the eve of the 30th. — —___ FRANCIS ABBOTT. The relations of the quantities of rain which fell under the different winds are registered each evening at sundown. The 30: years’ standard ,tables are used for obtaining the difference from the average. In damp and rainy weather it is at Lightning on Leafing, Flowering, and Fruiting of a few Standard Plants in the Royal Society's Gardens during the month. 10th.—Carpinus betulus commencing to leaf. 10th.—Ailanthus glandulosus ditto ditto. 22nd.—Common Lime ditto ditto. 22nd.—Black Mulberry ditto ditto. 24th.—Ulmus campestris seeds commencing to fall, 26th.—Melia azederach commencing to leaf, XV1. The following are the results of the observations made at New Norfolk during the month :— Barometer mean of three daily readings, corrected and reduced, 29°930in. Thermometer mean of ditto, 58°49. Humidity ditto, 86. Dew point ditto, 54°2. Elastic force of vapour ditto, °430in. Solar intensity mean, 113°5. Terrestrial radiation mean, 39°9. Rainfall, 1°38in. Evaporation, 4 67in. in excess of Rainfall, 3°29. Mean amount of cloud, 5°40 (scale, 0°10.) Ditto ditto Ozone, 7°7 (ditto.) Windforce total of 3 daily registers, 136°04lbs. W. E. SHOOBRIDGE. NOVEMBER, 1874. PRIVATE OBSERVATORY, Hopart Town. ‘ a Qo ae! Bar. 37 feet ("s £3 8 abv.sealevel| Self-Registering Wind a 2 ® corrected &| Thermometers. : es reduced. a So 2 Saws + 3 3 \2 Z 3 5 | eee ye : = x < n os S ; — Kc7D> oO = eede eh ge Pe/e lf e232 & # o o | is o = pale 25/9 +9 Sage o o 5 Sede le as. 7 (2 (2° OA eal cates ie lle} See S2|)5.)/o Sotelo o| 2 S454 24 8 Ses 28 “leg rs oe) ee | "bp Ee ele Wl Cao & 22.4 So] ~. See ee a wok o f=\|6 = Ss “+ oO Oo 2 C4 m Ret = g AVA ey iia ala bs a la [8 eee F & | 2) eee Twies 0 aaa ~ |. | |2 =i . . Sal 1)29934/29°802|67 42 |105°0 [375 | NWSWSE | 364/005; 5, %62 = 6 2|29°385 29°202|72/45 |109°5 |39°5 NW W_ {16715 |002/3 Gio Gis 3}29°480|29'404/74/47 |106-0 |43-°0 | SW WNW 1563 /011|5 mos 8 4|29°514 29°328/80/55 /117°5 [51:0 | NW SW = /2864 |030) 9 EOE | 5|29°529 29°323/72'45 | 92-0 |42°0 WwW 8°33 | 0°20 | 5 863 Ss 6|29°685 | 29°559/67|47 |102-0 445] NW SW /1354 001); s5% Gg © 7|29°824|29°770/65/47 |100-0 |43-0 SE W 1°30 | 2 \s foo = oie 8129°591|29°417|68) 42 | 99:5 |36°5 NW 338 |02013 BES a a 9]29°810)29-700|62 42 | 99-0 |39°0 SsWws 7°80 1% ‘2320 e ee 10/30-070)30°029|66 49 |103°5 |43°0 S SE 3°12 a Boe a) ie 11|30-026 29°766]77|48 |105-°0 |41:0 | NE E NW | 1°56 i So) Slee 12|29°697|29°414|85 55 |120°5 |49°5 NWNE_ |11°46 (2. Bee tae 13]29°554/29°538|84'54 |118°0 |46-0 SW SE 78 |0°35 | o)) Vela ae ee 14|29°484/29°380|78 52 | 82°0 |490] NWSSE 78/003|3 sad 8 & 15|29°891|29°815|70|41 |106°5 |355| WNEW | 3-64 2) 2a ee 16|29°963) 29°899|73 51 |110°0 |460 |] W SES | 104/030/§ 8 8 we 4g 17|29°968|29°857|69/52 |109°5 |41°5 NW SE 2) | 0°21 |) (ee ee eee 18|29°630 29°443|70 52 |112-0 |48°0 NW SW 338 |0-01! - oe se we 19]29°485 29°464|67/50 |107-0 |46:0 | NESW W | 3:72 |0°03 | 3 26. 3. = 20|29°718 29°568/66/44 |107°0 |400 | SW NSE |104|010|/8 2 2 g 21129°563 29°280|62/40 | 61:0 |40-0 NW NE 7310 |. |S oe 22129538 29°250/57|45 | 92-5 |41°5 SW Te0}022 |") ee 23|29°979 29°845|63'39 |102°0 |35°0 | NW SW 807 |001,; 3 oF 8 & & 24/30°163 30°¢92|59 46 | 98:0 41:5] SSW SE | 312 | Sg Sea Pa § 25|30°313 30°195|68/49 |106°5 |47-0 NW SE 1°04 =i see SEE 26|29°994|29°836|70/51 |105°0 |45.0 NW AL OG bie | 38 Cap ele 27|29°735| 29 '620|67/51 [108-0 |460 | NW SES | 62/008] 5a 8" B 2a @ 28/29°912/29°879/63/49 | 66°5 |42°5 S 156 002 28 SSF a2 2 29|29'915! 29'876/62/49 | 83°0 |480| SE WS 78/003) 2, 200° Sa 30]30°029'29:922/61'53 | 68-0 |44°5 sw s 338 }O031 aa See £m —— |—_-|-—_-|—_- — — | o, ets of o Monthly mean|29°22 |100°07/4290|Tota) Force ../16143|333|22 &sea 68 & zit RE CR) SB ees Leafing, Flowering, and Fruiting of a few Standard Plants in the Royal Society’s Gardens, during the month. 21st—First British Queer Strawberry ripe. 25th—First May Duke Cherry ditto. 26th—Black Mulbery in fiower. 28th—Pomegranate in flower. 3lst--First Red Antwerp Raspberry ripe. XV. Barometer mean, 29°71Jin., being 0°354in. below the average Temperature, mean, 59°22°, being 1°55° above the ditto. Solar intensity, mean, 100°07°, being 1°84° below the ditto. Dew point mean, 47°5°, being 1°01° above the ditto. Humidity of air mean, ‘66, being ‘04 per cent. below the ditto. Elastic force of vapour mean, ‘223, being ‘106 per cent. below the ditto. Total amount of rain, 3°33, being 0°55in. above the ditto. Increase of spontaneous evaporation on rainfall 3°57in. Mean amount of ozone 7°57, being 0°07 of chromatic scale above ditto. Electricity active when the air is clear and the sky serene, and then generally plus. In damp or rainy weather the electricity is usually minus. During a storm first plus then nil, then minimum with rapid changes. Thunder and Lightning on the 18th and 27th. A fresh fall of Snow on Mount Wellington on the 19th. a FRANCIS ABBOTT. Results of Meteorological Observations taken at New Norfolk for November, 1874. Barometer mean of three daily readings, (corrected and reduced) 29°739in. Thermumeter mean of ditto, 57°.24. ; Elastic force of vapor, mean of ditto °419in. Humidity mean of ditto, ‘88. Solar intensity, mean of maximum, 112°.2. Terrestrial radiation, mean of minimum, 43°26. Rainfall, 5°35 inches. in excess of evaporation ‘45in. Evaporation, 4°90in. Clouds, mean daily amount, 6°9. (Scale, 1-10.) Ozone, mean daily amount 8°05 Wind, total force of 3 daily registers 125‘07]bs. W. E SHOOBRIDGE, Valleyfield. XVlil. DECEMBER, 1874. PRIVATE OBSERVATORY, Hopart Town. ek ee ee io el ee — os 8 Bar. 37 feet ( S aS 3 abv.sea level] Self-Registering Wind i Teaver ae corrected &| Thermometers. : o | Bias reduced. See = 8 TE | aes . 1 H 3 S315 @ . ree) a | 2 ee 8 | e0leemen = aie| 2/8) #2 s8|3 (iY eee , nm) wn Ci | pe * Se. glg| =| 8 gee! |. |.) au oe een al eee el | | 08 Aa| sg are $s oS o n |ol|n oO n eros os cs Qa oOo Rm a | | ecai2 | tc 2 She Sea a Fg eae Sieemies (SI | | E ES te He )3 | ° 333 Altos ji) la a Fa. | PA Up ey a —|____—_— —|——_|——- |—_- —_— o aao vw ~ ines, En. |)" |) ° ‘ 4 ae ee 1/30:065/30°035/65/48 |110°0 | 40°5 S SE 572 (0-02 | ® ga s &£ 2/30°114|30 090 63 50 |101°5 | 39°5 SES 78/003 | > eum 3 3/30°165/30°159|67|50 |112°0 | 40:0) NE SE E 1°04 noe 3 4/30°131/29:881/80/50 |116°0 | 45-0 NW 8 1-04 |O11 | & ae The S 5|29°777|29°730|73|58 |113°5 | 52-5 S SE 5°73 2 ase” & 6|29°765|29-694/69\57 |104°0 | 56-0 SE 78 FES a oe 7/29-899|29°773/72.57 |108°5 | 52°5 SE 1-04 = $333 7% 8/29°842/29°792/66/58 | 82°5 | 50°0 SE 104 |008 | o 7 AB @ 9|29°768)29°453|70|57 | 79°5 | 490/; NW NW O* 020 SS eee 10/29-471|29-421|72)59 |110°0 | 55-0 NW 1302 |003}u4 55292 11/29°846|29°712|71\48 | 80°5 | 43°5| SESWS 572 0045 ° Ee eee 12|29-992)29-947|69|42 |109°0 | 36°5 S 5°73 qs 58338 38 13|30-025|30°002/68|52 |106 0 | 49-0 SE 1°56 3 gos aes 14/29-989|29°983'65\50 |101°0 | 47°5 S SE 1:56 |001| = Oo 7 Sena 15|29-982|29°955|66/50 |105°0 | 47°5 SE 52 a = Oe ese 16|29-949|29:844|70/54 | 94°5 | 51°0 NE SE 1°30 Sem Be oes 17|29°741|29-650|91|52 |127°0 | 46-5] NW SES 104 033] 8 8 oo 18}29°648|29 520/82|55 |105°0 | 42:0) SWSNW | 599/002) 8 453 9 & 19|29°776|29°593|77|49 |119.5 | 43:0) NW W 3°64 001 | ¢§ Page 2 20|29°504|29°422/69/53 |107°5 | 48:0) NW SW 5°72 S =e 21|29-575|29°435|77|54 |111°0 | 49:0] NW SW NW | 3°64 S 4558 8 22/29:524|29'406|71/48 |107°0 | 45-5] W NW 546|/050|, sos 3 23|29°425|29°380|78)48 |106°0 | 42 0 S SW 6°25 m 8855 5 24|29°591|29°411|63/45 | $7°5 | 41°5| NW SW 3°64 o FEE ae 25|29°702|29'535|71|52 |110°5 | 47-0 SW 7°80 3. Soe ee 26|29°949/29'811)76|54 |112°0 | 49:0) SW W_ |10-41 ~#§ ui oa 4a 27|30°118/30°039)75/47 |111°0 | 42°5) NW SE ‘78 SE O88 SF S 28|29°877|29°701|84|52 |119°0 | 47:0] NW SE 52 |004 | o-3 gop as . 29|29°841|29°719|84/52 |110°5 | 47°5 NW S 6°25 “a 308 88 & 30|29°379|29°697|72 47 | 96-0 | 425) NW SE | 1:30 go ee oe 31/29°520)29-484|69)53 107-0 | 47-0 SW 3°38 #2 g®4 sie Se SSS Ne Ee eee = = ol Mean monthly 63°30 105°50 46°30, ‘Total Force 10357 |143 | 24 SES 24 2 29°775 O28 eo oe o Barometer mean, 29°775in., being ‘027in. above the average. Temperature mean, 63°30°, being 2°11° above the ditto. Solar intensity mean, 105°50°, being 0°68° above the ditto. Dew point mean, 50°1°, being 1°19° above the ditto. Humidity of air mean, ‘63, being ‘04 per cent. below the ditto. Elastic force of vapour 362 mean, being 009 per cent. above the ditto. Total amount of rain, 1°48in., being 0°38in. below the ditto. Increase of spontaneous evaporation on rain-fall, 1°52in. Mean amount of ozone, 6°50, being 0°61 of chromatic scale below ditto. Electricity, active all through the month with only 4 nil’s. First min., a little before sunrise ; first max., a few hours after; second min., a few hours before sunset; second max., a few hours after ditto. Much thunder and lighting on the 4th. : —_—— FRANCIS ABBOTT. Leafing, Flowering, and Fruiting of a few standard plants in the Royal Society's Garden during the month. 16th.—First bunch Red Currants ripe. 18th.—Common Privet commencing to flower. 24th.—First bunch Black Currants ripe. 27th.—Melia Azederach commencing to flower. 3lst.—Doyene d’Ete Pear ripe ; Juneating Apple ditto. X1X, Results of observations taken at New Norfolk for December, 1874 :— Barometer mean of three daily readings corrected and reduced 29°767 inches. Thermometer mean of three daily readings 62°02”. Dew point mean position ditto, 50°06". Humidity mean of ditto, -66. Elastic force of vapour, °370. Solar intensity mean of maximum temperature, 121°1°. Terrestrial radiation mean of minimum temperature, 45°5°. Rainfall, 1°40in. Evaporation, 6°67in. in excess of Rainfall, 5°27in. Clouds mean amount of three daily observations, 6°04. Ozone ditto, 2 ditto 7'8. Wind force in lbs. of 3 ditto, 106°39lbs. W, E. SHOOBRIDGE, Valleyfield. NEW NORFOLK. The following Observations taken at New Norfolk were obtained as follows, viz. :— Barometer.—Mean of 3 daily readings (corrected to 32 deg. and reduced to sea level) with a pediment barometer by Casella, reading to within ‘02 inch of Mr. Abbott’s standard in Hobart Town. Temperature.—Mean of 3 daily readings of Dry Bulb of Hygrometer by Casella, with which also the dew pvint, humidity and elastic force of vapour are obtained by Glaisher’s tables. Duirnal range is the difference between daily registers of self-register- ing max. and min. thermometers by Casella. Ozone.—Schonbein’s prepared slips exposed for 12 hours and compared with Chromatic scale. The above are placed in an instrument house 4 ft. square and 7 ft. high, double-roofed, and surrounded on E.N. and W. by Louvre boards, protected in turn by shutters from the roof, extending 3 ft. down the walls and inclined outwards to afford shade, at the same time allowing a free circulation of air. Solar intensity.—Daily registers of Casella’s improved self-registering black bulb and neck thermometer placed in vacuo, fixed on outside edge of north shutter of instrument house 4 ft. from the ground. The house is surrounded by a grass-plot, enclosed by a wire fence in which are placed— 1. The terrestrial radiation thermometer on small brass stand, and enclosed, except the bulb in a glass tube. 2. Rain guage 5 inches in diameter fixed in stone bottle, from which the water is measured every evening after rain with guage glass. 3. Evaporating dish also 5 inches in diameter, and holding 4 inches of water to overflow pipe, placed in astone bottle on the ground the Same as rain guage. A Lind’s wind guage by Varley, is fixed on a pole at S.E. corner of house 18ft. from the ground. All the above instruments were imported direct from Casella by Mr. Abbott, of Hobart Town, for scientific purposes and were the best procurable, W. 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