PAPILIO:

THE ORGAN OF THE

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB.

Devoted Exclusively to Lepido/iiera.

Volume L

(.•

EDITED BY

HENRY EDWARDS

NEW YORK:
1881.

PAPILIO.

Prgan of tl^e ^ew Jork f ntomological piub.

Vol. 1.] January 15, 1881. [No. 1.

In issuing the first number of Papilio, as the organ of the
" New York Entomological Club," it is the hope of its projectors
that it will meet a want hitherto felt among students, and prove
its claims to favorable consideration.

It will be devoted solely to Lepidoptera, the constitution of
the Club being such that the other orders of insects may receive
special investigation and publication, when the time arrives for
more extended fields of labor.

Papilio will be issued about the fifteenth of each month
(except during the two midsummer months), the subscription
price being $2 per annum.

Most of the distinguished entomologists of the United States,
among whom may be mentioned Dr. H. Hagen, Dr. Packard, S.
H. Scudder, W. H. Edwards, Dr. H. Behr, R. H. Stretch, Prof.
Lintner, etc., have approved the objects of the Club and promised
their valuable assistance.

Subscriptions and communications should be addressed to
Mr. Henry Edwards, 185, East ii6th Street, New York City.

A. R. Grote, ) „ ,,. ^.

Hy. Edwards, i ^^bhcaton

T. L. Mead, f ^ommtttee.
New York, January, 1881.

ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ENTOMOLOGICAL STUDIES.

From an address recently made to the Farmers' Club of Onondaga County, by
Prof. J. A. Lintner, State Entomologist of New York.

" Occasionally, at the present day, we may hear insects and
entomologists spoken of as 'bugs' and 'bug-hunters' — epithets
applied in derision to what are regarded as petty objects and
trivial pursuits. Such views only betray an ignorance which is
equally pitiable and inexcusable. The study of insects has as-
sumed an importance in its direct application to agriculture, hor-
ticulture and sylviculture, second to no other department of natural

history. It has called to its aid some of the best intellect of the
country. Its literature has become extensive and assumed a high
rank. Our State governments, in response to demands made upon
them, are appointing State Entomologists. Our General Gov-
ernment is making liberal appropriations for entomological work
in the Department of Agriculture at Washington, and also for
sustaining a special United States Entomological Commission,
now in the third year of its operations, charged with the investi-
gation of a few of our more injurious insects.

" The study of insects assumes an importance in this country
far greater than in any other part of the world. Nowhere else
does mother earth yield in such variety and in such abundance
her agricultural products ; after supplying to repletion our own
people, the excess is distributed to every quarter of the globe.
Few, surprisingly few, of these varied products are native to our
soil. Nearly all of our fruits, grasses, cereals and vegetables, and
perhaps three-fourths of our weeds are of foreign importation —
mainly from Europe. With their introduction, very many of the
insects that preyed upon them were also introduced, or have been
subsequently brought hither. But unfortunately for us, the para-
sites which preyed upon them and kept them under control, have,
for the most part, been left behind. As the result, the imported
pests, in their new home, find their favorite food-plants spread out
in luxuriant growth over broad acres, where they may ply their
destructive work without hinderance or molestation, until some
native parasites acquire the habit of preying upon them.

"The grand scale upon which our crops are grown as no
where else in the world — demanding for their gathering the inven-
tion of special mechanical contrivances, and that horse-power
should be replaced by steam — has also as its attendant inevitable
evil, an enormous increase of insect depredations. This may be
illustrated by a reference to our apple-tree insects. * * * *
* * " In like manner, any and every crop cultivated on a large
scale offers strong invitation to insect attack, and wonderfully
stimulates insect multiplication."

ON TWO NP:W forms of THE GENUS PARNASSIUS.

By Henry Edwards.
(Read before the New York Entomol. Club, at the first meeting in December, 1880.)

In my paper on Parnassius ^^Proc. Gal. Acad. Sc. 1878), I re-
ferred to a singular example sent to me from the Upper Yukon
river, Alaska, which I then hesitated to' describe, but which, by
the advice of many entomologists, I now characterise as follows :

Parnassius Thor. Hy. Edw. n. sp.

Head, anterior portion of thorax above, and the whole of the

lower side, base of the tibiae, and under side of abdomen thickly
clothed with bright golden yellow hairs. There are also a few
scales of the same color at the base of the costa of the primaries
and along the sides of the abdominal segments. Antennae and
tarsi jet black, the latter with some yellow hairs at their base.

Upper side: Ground color sordid white, as in P. Clarius
Evers., and P. Delphius Evers.

Primaries with the posterior margins broadly smoky and
slightly transparent. Above the margin is a row of equal lunate
white marks, then a moderately broad blackish band, narrowing
a little at the interior margin, then a whitish maculate band,
broadest on the internal margin and reduced to a spot on the
costa. Anterior to this is a sinuate row of white spots, six in
number, not reaching the internal margin, which is whitish at
the base, dotted with black atoms, as is also the costa. Base of
the wing blackish, the cell with one large ovate, and one oblong
white spot. The system of markings of the primaries recalls that
of the genus Thais, and is different from any other Parnassius
known to me.

Secondaries : Base and anal margin broadly black, the mark-
ings being very clearly cut around the upper portion of the cell,
leaving a well-defined ovate white space. From the anal angle
up to the second sub-costal nervure runs a wide black band, en-
closing at the anal angle one small round and one lunate red
spot. Between the second sub-costal and the discoidal nervures
is an almost conical red patch, and below it a small round spot,
also red. On the centre of the costa is a triangular red spot, sur-
rounded with black. The submarginal lunulesare very sharp and
distinct, as indeed are all the markings, and the fringes of both
wings are deep, intense black.

Under side : Resembling the upper, but the markings are a lit-
tle fainter, and the wings have the glassy appearance so often
found on the genus. The secondaries have four red spots at the
base — the one on the costa small and almost linear, the second
nearly square, the third triangular, and the fourth oblong. The
other red spots have their centres white.

Expanse of wings, 2. lo inch.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

This exquisite and very interesting insect was taken about
800 miles up the Yukon river, Alaska, by Mr. F. W. Smith, of
San Francisco, and by him kindly added to my collection. In
some respects it approaches closely to P. Eversmanni Men., but
differs from the figure of that species given by Mr. W. H. Edwards,
in the Butterflies of North America, not only in the color, which
is remarkably distinct, but in the broader black base of the pri-
maries, the wider bands, and the much larger proportion of black

on both wings. The red spots, too, are more numerous, those of
the anal angle and the base of the costa of secondaries being
wanting in Mr, Edwards' figure. As the present form, however,
comes from nearly the same locality as the type from which that
figure is taken, it may ultimately prove to be an extreme variety
of P. Eversmanni. It is, however, so distinct to be considered
for the present as a separate species.

Parnassius Hermodur. n. van

2 A remarkable variety of P. Sviinthc2ts Dbly., which ap-
proaches very closely P. Corybas, Fisch, from the Altai. The
whole upper surface of the primaries is of a smoky black hue,
slightly transparent, the usual bands being lost in the ground color
of the wing. In this respect it nearly resembles P. Corybas, but
the latter, as well as two red spots near the costa, has also another
near the internal margin, which is absent in the present form.
The red spots of secondaries are nearly the same in both, but in
P. Hertnodur there is a trace of some red scales near the anal
angle, which is wanting in P. Corybas. The black sub-marginal
lunules of secondaries are also much more strongly marked in P.
Corybas than in P. Hermodur, and the wing is whiter and more
opaque. On the other side the resemblance is more apparent, the
red spots on the costa, and that between the sub-costal nervures
having white centres in both forms, while those of the base are
wholly red, and alike in their color and arrangement. The present
insect is smaller than its ally, the expanse being only 2.30 inch,
while the pair of P. Corybas in my collection measure 2.65 inch.

Southern Colorado.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

This extremely interesting insect was generously given to me
by my friend. Dr. James S. Bailey, of Albany. I have named it
after the son of Odin and Freija, and the Mercury of the Scandi-
navian mythology.

DESCRIPTION OF FOUR NEW SPECIES OF MOTHS.

By a. R. Grote.
(Read before the N. Y. Ent. Club, at the first meelbig in December, 1880.)

Scepsis Edwardsii. n. sp.

This form is stouter than fiilvicollis, with paler forewings and
approaches Echeta albipennis, H.-S. from Cuba.

Forewings pale, slaty brown, with a whitish cast; the costal
edge pale yellow, which shade extends faintly within the edge,
from the middle outwardly, and obtains beneath, over apical third
of costa.

Secondaries hyaline with broad smoky costal border, and narrow
smoky external edging.

Beneath, primaries bluish black ; secondaries hyaline with bluish
costal border.

Head behind, palpi, base of fore legs orange. Thorax, pale,

slaty brown ; collar touched with orange ; abdomen metallic
blue above, white beneath ; legs white inwardly. Expanse 38 mm.
Indian River, Fla. Collection of Mr. Hy. Edwards, aft^^whom
this interesting species is named. wB

Parasa fraterna, n. sp. W

This differs from clitoris, which is evidently Reakirt's viridtis,
by the absence of the brown dark spot on the terminal brown mar-
ginal band of primaries, and by the greater width of that band, and
the narrowness of the green median band. Else the species are
very similar, but the difiference is striking in comparison. Fraterna
is slighter than its ally, and the larva, found by Mr. Tepper, is
quite distinct from that of c/itoris, as I am informed by Mr. Tep-
per. Thorax and vertex green ; hindwings yellowish at base, with
darker border ; fore wings with an inwardly oblique median green
band, not extending over costal edge, and reaching to the base of
the wing along internal margin. N. Y., Mass., Mr. Roland Thax-
ter ; also in Mr. Tepper's collection.

Mamestra sutrina, n. sp.

This species is similarly sized with the Californian cuneata,
but a little slighter-bodied. It is deep brown, cut and lined with
white and wants all yellowish markings, and is thus differently
colored from its ally. It differs in markings by the absence of
the dots following the t. p. line, and by the white lunulate s. t.
line. ^Lines double, filled in with white. Reniform and orbic-
ular subequal, approximate, white-ringed. Claviform outlined
in black, beyond it a white spot. A dark line upon submedian
fold. Median lines lunulate, uneven, approaching inferiorly.
Black interspaceal marks precede the white s. t. line. Half-line
marked ; t. a. line nearly perpendicular, marked by a black outer
line and preceding white shade ; t. p. line outwardly bent above,
drawn in below vein 4, well removed outwardly. Beneath fus-
cous ; hind wings irrorate with whitish, with discal dot and trans-
verse line ; above, secondaries with darker border and slightly
paler base. Eyes hairy; body tufted. Expanse o 30 mm. Col-
orado.

CATA|it>L,j^ULCIOLA, n. sp.

A new spares of Catocala (I do not now think we have to do
with a variety), has been collected by my friend, G. R. Pilate, of
Dayton, Ohio, in his neighborhood. It is of the size o{ crataegi
and has its paler color ; it is pale greenish gray, the primaries
with a slight reflection recalling, praectara. It is intermediate
between atabamae and cratacgi. It differs by the anterior line,
forming a moderate arc, being more even and without the usual
indentation on vein i. The line^ are black, the t. p. line fine.
The veins are marked with black over the terminal space. The
median shade is indicated by a dentate^ black costal mark, a
black basal dash. The basal space is darker than the rest of the

wing, while the depth of the terminal coloring leaves the large
median space of the primaries pale and contrasting, reminding
us a little of C. cordelia. The hind v/ings are dark yellow, with
the wide black median band connected with the base, and resem-
ble those of polygaina. Five or six examples, all alike, have
been collected by Mr. Pilate, of this interesting form, which I
call C. dnlciola. The female type before me expands 44 milli-
metres.

ON THE EARLY STAGES OF SOME MOTHS.

By D. W. Coquillett, Woodstock, 111.

The larvae described below are provided with 16 legs, except
the last one, which has only 12 :

Apatela AMERICANA, Harris. — Body greenish white ; a sub-
dorsal and stigmatal black line ; on top of the last two segments
is a black stripe which widens posteriorly ; body thickly covered
with short pale yellow hairs ; on top of segments 4 and 6 are two
pencils, and on top of segment 11 is a single pencil, of very long
black hairs ; venter black ; head shining black; length 2^ inches.
One specimen taken on a red-oak tree August 13 ; on the 19th of
the same month it spun in one of the upper corners of its breed-
ing cage a large cocoon, interwoven with the hairs with which its
body was covered ; the imago emerged on the 24th of May of the
following year.

Apatela lobeli/E, Guenee. — Body bluish gray, the dorsal
space tinged with yellow ; a dorsal and subdorsal pale yellowish
line extending only to segment 1 1 which is humped, the top blue-
ish, and on it are four quite large piliferous spots, top of segment
4 bluish, interrupting the dorsal line ; piliferous spots whitish,
prominent, each bearing a black hair ; sides of the body quite
thickly covered with whitish hairs ; spiracles white, encircled
with black ; venter, greenish white ; head, gray, dotted with black,
and marked on the top with two blood-red spots; length i^
inches. One specimen found June 6, on a burr oak tree; it spun
a cocoon June 22, disclosing the imago July 14.

Apatela falcula, Grote. — Body, dark brown, mottled with
pale greenish ; a dark dorsal line, on each side of which are two
rows of prickles, most distinct on anterior part of body ; the four
prickles on top of segment 1 1 are larger and placed closer together
than those on the segments anterior to it ; from each of these
prickles proceeds or two short black hairs ; venter, greenish white ;
sides of head pale greenish, the face brownish ; length, i^ inches.
One specimen found on hazel, September 25, entered the earth
and spun a thin cocoon September 29, disclosing the imago May
25 of the following year.

Apatela superans, Guenee. — Body green ; a reddish
brown dorsal strij^e, edged with yellow ; in the middle of this

vol,. I, JM,. 1.

Edwardsm Brillianx, nkumorgkn.

7

stripe is a light line on each side of which is a zigzag row of
small prickles from each of which issues one or two black or
whitish hairs ; on each side of the body are a a few small prickles
from each of which issues a thin cluster of whitish hairs ; a
whitish stigmatal line; segment ii slightly humped ; head large,
the sides pale green, the face reddish brown, sometimes tinged
with pink ; length i}^ inches. One specimen was found upon
a plum-tree, July 26 ; it entered the earth and spun a tough
cocoon, August 8, producing the imago, May 12, of the following
year. Another specimen was found upon a cherry-tree ; it
assumed the chrysalis form, August 31, disclosing the imago,
May 25, of the following year-.

Arctia virguncula, Kirby. — Body black ; hair in spreading
clusters from black warts ; the hair in the region of the spiracles
is reddish brown, the rest black ; head shining black ; length i}4
inches. Feeds on knot grass {Polygonum aviciilare). One speci-
men found April 28, spun a thin cocoon June 10, disclosing the
imago June 27.

Catocala fratercula, Grote and Robinson. — Body ashen
gray, the dorsal space dark gray, and on its outer edge is a row
of black pilferous spots ; on top of segment 8 is a conical dark
gray projection, tipped with whitish ; posterior part of segment
8 blackish ; venter pale greenish white with a row of black spots
in the middle, one spot to each segment ; the two anterior pairs
of abdominal legs are much smaller than the two posterior pairs ;
head light gray, bordered on the top and sides with black ; length
i^ inches. One specimen found on a burr oak tree, spun its
cocoon June i, disclosing the imago June 28.

Catocala amica, Htibner. — Body slender, dull greenish
yellow, a light dorsal stripe, on each side of which is a darker
stripe on which is a row of black piliferous spots ; a stigmatal
row of black piliferous spots ; on top of segment 8 is a slight
prominence ; venter greenish white, with a row of black spots in
the middle, one spot to each segment ; the two anterior pairs of
abdominal legs are smaller than the two posterior pairs ; head
gray, with two white spots on upper part of face; length i^
inches. Found two specimens on a burr oak tree, June 5 ; they
spun cocoons about July 3, disclosing the imagoes July 24.

Mamestra TRIFOLII, Rott. — Body green ; a dark dorsal
line ; a white stigmatal line ; piliferous spots not visible ; venter
green, unmarked, head pale green ; length nearly i inch.
One specimen found upon CJienopodiiun album, July 5, entered
the earth the next day, disclosing the imago July 23.

EUSTROTIA CARNEOLA, Guenee.-^Body green, usually very
dark, the subdorsal space sometimes tinged with blackish ; a
white dorsal line sometimes edged with black ; a white subdor-

8

sal and stigmatal line ; a row of white dots on dorsal and sub-
dorsal spaces ; venter green, unmarked ; head green ; length ^
inch. Feeds on yellow dock. A dozen or so of these larvae
issued from eggs June 2 ; they spun thin cocoons beneath chips,
etc.,^from June 18, to 21, producing the imagoes, July 4 to 7.

Pyrrhia ANGULATA, Grote, — Body bluish white; a yellow-
ish brown stigmatal stripe ; from the stigmatal stripe on one side
of the body to that on the other side are about 10 black lines;
sometimes a dorsal row of about 7 yellowish brown spots ; pilifer-
ous spots, black ; venter pale greenish ; head shining yellow,
with a black dot on each side near the jaws, the jaws sometimes
black; length, i)^ inches. Several specimens found upon
smartweed {Polygonum Pennsylvaniciiiii), September 15 ; they en-
tered the earth about three inches and formed oval cells, Septem-
ber 27, disclosing the imagoes May 22, and a few days afterward.

Tarache erastrioides, Guence. — Body deep green ; a
white stigmatal stripe ; body marked with 16 or 18 wavy black
or white lines, or with 12 white lines; venter green, marked
with 7 or 8 white lines ; head green, striped with white, or
marked with black and white ; length, i inch. Several specimens
found on ragweed (^;;/(5'r^.yzV2: arteniisifolia), July 11 ; they en-
tered the earth (date not known), disclosing the imagoes about
May 22 of the following year.

" NORTH-AMERICAN TORTRICID^."

By Lord Walsingham, London, 1879.

This work, in quarto, with 17 colored plates, forms Part IV^.
of the "Illustrations of typical specimens of Lepidoptera Hetero-
cera in the collection of the British Museum," and " deals ex-
clusively with the North American Tortricidae in the National
collection."

The value of Lord Walsingham's work can be best appreci-
ated by the specialist, and when we consider that it completes the
work of Robinson and Fernald in identifying Mr. Walker's types
in that group, we should be willing to consider its value great.
But it goes further than this, and gives a fair illustration of our
Western Tortricidae from material collected by the author in Cali-
fornia and Oregon. In addition, a list is given of all the species
which are common to Europe and North America. These latter
are forty-eight in number, a seemingly large percentage of the
species known. Thanks to the labors of Robinson, Zeller, Fer-
nald, and Walsingham (I name them in the order of priority), our
North American Tortricidae are becoming better known and
classified, so that they are being brought into correspondence
with the European catalogues. This has been my aim with the

Noctuidae, although in this larger group I can hardly hope to ac-
complish what Lord Walsingham has completed in the Tortri-
cidae, namely, the finding out what all Mr. Walker's descriptions
really covered. With every assistance it has been a difificult
task for Lord Walsingham, and in cases where more than one
species has been included by Mr. Walker under the same name,
perhaps the last word has not been said. In any event, while it
must be acknowledged that, aside from the question of synonymy,
Mr. Walker's work was not worth preserving, it must be con-
ceded that Lord Walsingham's setting has given it a permanent
value, and that so far as the North American Tortrices are con-
cerned, the question what we are to do with Mr. Walker's de-
scriptions has been satisfactorily answered.

With regard to the new material figured and described there is
much of interest. The remarkable new form, Synnoina lyiiosyrana,
with its unusually dissimilar sexes is a case in point. The new
species of Ccnopis, then LopJiodcriis triferana, Pacdisca cratnbi-
tana and Proteopteryx eniarginana are all strange and interesting
forms. In describing Lozotaenia retana, however, Lord Walsing-
ham has renamed konstonana, and his Cenopis gracilana is a
synonym of sulfur c ana.

The lithographic plates are good without being excellent.
The drawing is a little stiff, but the coloring has been carefully
done. The plates are, on the whole, perhaps, better than Robin-
son's, while they want the enlarged detail of Zeller's illustrations.
But as they are in the same style as Robinson's, they are best
compared with these, and they add much to the value of a work
one of the main purposes of which is a ready identification of
the species it discusses. A. R. Grote.

ON A NEW SPECIES OF ARCTIA FROM FLORIDA.

By B. Neumoegen.

Arctia FLAMMEA. n. sp.

Head, antennae, palpi, eyes, patagia^ and thorax of dark black
color; antennae serrated and moderate; palpi hairy; abdomen
black ; above with a broad, double dorsal line of brilliantly red
color, segmentarily serrated ; beneath dark black, with slight indi-
cations of a dotted red lateral line ; legs black ; anterior coxae
reddish below.

Primaries deep velvety black, a little pointed towards apex, with
concolorous fringes; markings of cream color, intermixed with light
red, as follows : two longitudinal lines of irregularly shaped, square
dots, starting from sub-costal nervure, the interior one following
straight to median nervure ; thence, somewhat diverted from its
course, down to inner angle of interior margin, looking like a
straight line bent in the middle, and dividing the space between

lO

costa and exterior margin, into an irregular, triangular field. The
anterior line of dots, starting near apex, not parallel to interior
line, but diverting from its course and striking the exterior mar-
gin at conjunction of second discoidal nervule. These two longi-
tudinal lines are connected by a horizontal bar of very narrow,
irregular dots, following the course of second discoidal nervule.
The connecting dot of horizontal and anterior longitudinal lines,
near exterior margin, is of furcate shape, and the whole appear-
ance of the shorter anterior and longer interior lines, intercepted
by the vertical bar, strikingly resembles the figure 4. An
irregular cream colored spot in discal area.

Secondaries intensely red, with black fringes, and broad, black
marginal band from base to somewhat beyond anal angle. A large
black reniform spot, starting from costa rests on median
nervule. A small longitudinal line of irregular black spots from
costa, near apex, reaches to second sub-costal nervule, without
touching the marginal band, and leaves a small interspace of red.
Resting on marginal band, near anal angle, are two irregular, trian-
gular shaped black spots, connected above by a small black line,
thus forming a small square space of red color.

Beneath the markings on primaries and secondaries are the
same, with the exception that those on former are o-f a light rose,
instead of cream color.

Expanse of wings, 1.75 inches.

Length of body, 0.75 inch.

The insect is readily distinguishable from the other members
of its group by the striking contrast of the dark black primaries
and thorax, the flaming red color of its secondaries and upper
part of abdomen, and the sparse disposition of the markings and
lines, usually so abundant in North American Arctians.

Habitat : Indian River, Florida. Collected by Dr. Wiss-
feld, season of 1880.

Type, ? ; coll., B. Neumoegen.

New York, December 24th, 1880.

THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF EUSTROTIA.

By a. R. Grote.
{Read before the N. Y. Ent. Club, at the first meeting in December.)

The species of Eustrotia differ from Thalpochares, among other
characters, by the presence of an accessory cell on the primaries.
Lederer divides the species in two groups according as the
abdomen is provided with tufts over the dorsal region or not.
In A the abdomen is untufted ; in B tufted. The European
catalogues give us ten species. I refer the following fifteen
species from North America to the genus, for which latter I re-

II

tain the Htibnerian term Eustrotia, for the reason that Erastria
had been employed for a genus of Geometridae by Hiibner before
it came to be used for the present group by the Viennese Ento-
mologists. The synonymy of our species is not much embroiled.
I have not been able to examine all of them a:s carefully as I
wish, for of some I have only single examples which I cannot de-
nude. I entertain but little doubt, however, that they are all cor-
rectly referred to this genus. Mr. Morrison has described E.
marice as Hadena norma and again as Lithacodia penita. ■?-- ■■. --i .

Group A.

Malaca Grote, Trans, Am. Ent. Soc. 4, 96 {Erastria).
Mitographa Grote, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 4, 96 {Erastria).
Albidula Giien., Noct. 2, 230 {Erastria).
Secta 6^r^/^', Can. Ent., 11, 199; id., 12, 50,

Group B.

Concinnimacula Giten., Noct. 2,238, PI. 10, fig. 10 {Leptosia);

Grote, Check List {Eustrotia). var. parvimacula Grote,

N.Am. Ent. i, 66.
Synochitis G^. 6" /?., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. i, 357 {Erastria);

Grote Bull. B. S. N. S., 2, 37 {Eustrotia).
Musta G. & R. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 4, 358 {Erastria) ; Grote

Bull. B. S. N. S. 2, 37 {Eustrotia).
Muscosula Guen., Noct. 2, 230 {Erastria) ; Grote, Bull. B. S. N.

S. 2, 37 {Eustrotia).
Carneola Gucn., Noct. 2, 228 {Erastria) ; Grote, Bull. B. S. N. S.

2, 37 {Eustrotia) ; biplaga Walk., Noct. 809.
Apicosa //iW£/. Steph. Haust. 3, 119 {Erastria); Grote Bull. B.

S. N. S. 2, 199 {Eustrotia); Wood Index 74, PL 17, fig.

464; Erastria nigritula Guen., Noct. 2, 229, PI. 10, fig. 7 ;

Miana undulifera Walk., Noct. 258.
Retis Grote, Can. Ent. 11, 198.
Caduca Grote, Can, Ent. 8, 207.
^ Mariae Grote, Can. Ent. 9, 67.
Aeria Grote, n. sp.
Dividua Grote, N. Am. Ent. i, 46.

Eustrotia aeria n. sp.

This species is about the size of dividua with the colors of
apicosa. Head and collar black. Fore wings pale ochry or rusty
fuscous. The lines and spots are not obvious. The costa at base
is marked with black. The median shade line is black and is
broadly black on the costal region. A large sub-quadrate black
patch on costal region between the t. p. and s. t. lines. An ob-
lique apical black mark. Hind wings pale fuscous, beneath still
paler with indistinct discal spot and double lines. One speci-
men, Racine. Wise, Dr. Hoy.

12

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF LITHOSID^.

By Henry Edwards.

NOLA ANFRACTA. n. sp.

Ground color of primaries, olive brown, with white shades.
Basal space olivaceous — t. a. line broad slightly sinuate, whitish,
shaded with greyish on the edges, enclosing a darker line in its
centre. Median space also olivaceous, darkest in the centre of
the wing. T. p. line shaded as the anterior line, and also enclos-
ing a dark line in its centre. The t. p. line runs obliquely from
the interior margin, nearly to the apex, where it turns very sud-
denly upwards, and reaches the costa about the middle. It is
brownish at its costal end, and rests on a white blotch. There
are also four other triangular white blotches between its termina-
tion and the apex. The margin is broadly silvery white, and be-
tween it and the t. p. line is a pale olivaceous space. Apex with
a small brown dot, and there are six others at the termination of
the nervules. Secondaries, smoky white, with a faint discal spot,
and the ends of the nervules brown. Under side, smoky white,
with a faint discal spot darkest on costa of primaries, where are
faint indications of two broken bands. The secondaries are the
same as on the upper side. Head, palpi, thorax, tibiae and tarsi
slightly dusky.

Expanse of wings, 0.80 inch.

I $ . Yosemite Valley, California.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Crocota ostenta. n. sp.

Head and thorax, fawn color, with an orange tint — the latter
with the collar and patagia narrowly red. Palpi, tarsi, tibiae, and
under side of abdomen fawn color. Abdomen above, black, with
red lateral streak. Eyes large, black. Primaries, wholly dull
orange, paler and brighter on the costa. Secondaries with their
costal half bright crimson, the other half velvety black, widest at
the anal angle. Under side — primaries bright crimson, same color
as the costal half of secondaries. Secondaries the same as in the
upper side.

Expanse of wings, 1.35 inch.

I $ . Prescott, Arizona. W. Howard.

The most showy and remarkable species of the genus.

THE ILLUSTRATION OF EDWARDSIA BRILLIANS.

The beautiful insect represented in the colored plate is
Edwardsia brillians, Neum. It was described in the Can. En-
tomologist, April, 1880, from a specimen captured in N. W. Texas,
by the late Jacob Boll. The type is in the collection of Mr. B.
Neumoeeen.

PAPILIO.

Prgan of tlje few Jork pntomological plub.

Vol.1.] February 19, i8Si. [No. 2.

A NEW INSECT INJURIOUS TO THE HICKORY.

By a. R. Grote.

In my paper on PyralidiE, published by the United States
Geological Survey, I called attention to the injuries caused by
several species of the PJiycidae to our forest trees. Our pines are
attacked by species of the genus Pinipestis ; the history of P.
Zivinicrinani, which attacks also imported pines and should be
noticed by Nurserymen, has been somewhat fully worked out.
The following species are found to attack our hickories {^Carya).

ACROBASIS Caryae, n. s.

$ The maxillary palpi untufted, the antennae ciliate, with
a sub-basal flexure and a scale-tooth on the thickly scaled basal
joint. Shining grayish fuscous; the head and thorax concolor-
ous. Smaller than Angusella, without the carneous shadings and
reddish thorax and head. Outer line of primaries pale, narrow
and faint. Inner line a ridge of raised darker scales narrowly
edged outwardly by a pale, flesh-colored shade. The wing is
paler, more grayish, at base. The color shifts with the light.
Discal points faint. In ornamentation this species is inconspic-
uous. Hind wings as usual blackish ; fringes interlined, con-
colorous. Length of primary wing, 9 mil. Reared by Mr. Co-
quillett from larvae on Carya Porcina ; the larvae has been found
■** boring into the twigs."

Mr. Coquillett describes the larva and chrysalis as follows :

AcROBASis Caryae, Grote.

Body subcylindrical, smooth, pale greenish ash ; a pale brown
subdorsal dot on each side of segment 2 ; a wavy-fold below the
spiracles ; the latter are encircled with a dark brown ring, and
there is a brown piliferous dot above each ; a few whitish hairs
on each side of the body; top of segment i polished, yellowish
green ; head narrower than segment i, heart shaped, dark brown ;
venter pale green, unmarked ; 16 legs ; length, 14 mm. Found

May 21, burrowing in the branches of the Pignut Hickory {Carya
Porcind) usually selecting the lower branches; imagoes about
June 22. Clirysalis. — Of the usual form, pale brown, rounded at
the posterior end, at which place there is a cluster of about 4
slender hooked spines ; length, from 7 to 8 mm. The larva spins
a thin web around the footstalks of the leaves which grow near
the terminal end of the branch, and then burrows into the termi-
nal bud and the wood of the present year's growth. It webs its
castings together and forms a short tube which projects outward
from the mouth of its burrow, and is closed at the outer end.
The larva probably assumes the chrysalis form in its burrow, but
those which I reared deserted their burrows and spun tough
cocoons beneath the litter in the bottom of the breeding-cage.
These larvae are very subject to the attacks of parasites; from a
small number which I collected I obtained three moths and two
Hymenopterous parasites which Mr. E. T. Cresson determined
to be the PJianerotoma Tibialis of Haldeman. One of these
parasites issued June 21 and the other June 26.

ACROBASIS Angusella, Grote, N. Am. Ent. i, 51,
This species has a continuous black dash on the imderside of
the secondaries along costa. The thorax and base of forewings
are dirty reddish. The transverse anterior line is curved ; the
posterior line is denticulate. The lines are oblique and uneven.
\n A. Carycs they are perpendicylar. Acrobasis AngvseUa has
been reared by Mr. Akhurst from larvae boring into the leaf
stems of the hickory. The dash is less vivid in the following :
Acrobasis Demotella, n. s.

$ This species has a shorter black mark on secondaries be-
neath, not connected with the base of the wing, and a narrow
basal streak along median vein. Forewing fuscous; base pale,
stained with reddish, with an ashen shade on internal margin in'
place of the usual scale ridge. Outer line obliterate, pale, sinuate,
not dentate as in Angusella, followed by a vague, reddish shade.
Head and thorax whitish with a faint reddish tinge. Hind wings
pale fuscous with paler fringes. Expanse, 24 mil. West Farms,
Mr. Angus. This differs, as above noted, from Angusella, as a
variety of which I considered it in my original description of
that species. It must be considered distinct since Angusella has
been reared by Mr. Akhurst, whose specimens agree with my
type. The head and thorax are nearly white in Demotella. the
larger and brighter of the two forms; the peculiar black dash on
hind wings is not so bright and does not continue along costa to
base. The habit of the larvae of Demotella is unknown to me. In
the PJiycidce it is necessary to have the male in order to correctly
refer the species. No descriptions should be made from the
female alone.

15
ON THE LARV^ OF TWO NOCTUIDS.

By L. W. Goodell, Amherst, Mass.

Charadra PROPINQUILINEA, Grote. — Mature larva, one speci-
men ; head round, slightly flattened in front, brown, smooth and
glassy. Body thickest near the middle, tapering to each end, of
a dirty white, with a large black spiracular spot on all the seg-
ments except the last two. It is covered with spreading tufts of
short, stiff, white hairs, several of the hairs on the last two seg-
ments long and slender, extending over the end of the body.
On each of the 4th and nth segments situated close together,
one behind the other, are two short pencils of light yellowish
red hairs, and on the same segments, just below the hinder pen-
cils, is another longer pencil of the same color. All the segments
are thickest through the middle. My notes fail to give the
length. Feeds on white birch, living in a sort of case made by
folding a leaf or drawing two leaves together, and attaching
them by their edges with silken threads. It changed to a pupa
within its case September 20, and the imago emerged June 6.

Mamestra assimilis, Morr. Mature larva, one specimen.
Head as wide as the first segment of the body ; roundish, reddish
horn color. Body smooth, thickest in the middle, tapering
slightly to each end ; dorsal space reddish brown, shading to dull
red on the subdorsal ; yellowish green beneath. There is a
broad, straight, bright yellow dorsal stripe, with a narrow creamy
white stripe adjoining it on each side; another narrower bright
yellow spiracular stripe, with a creamy stripe adjoining it above
and below, the latter edged outwardly with black. Length when
at rest 27 mil.; when crawling 33 mil. Feeds on Golden Rod
(Solidago). Pupated in the earth September 30, and the moth
emerged May 29.

NEW PYRALID^.
By a. R. Grote.

Cataclysta MEDICINALIS, n. S.

The smallest species yet known to me, with different
ornamentation from the Fiilicalis group. Brown, ochery and
white. A broad, inwardly oblique, silvery white sub-basal
band continuing over hind wings. A white median patch fol-
lowed by a curved white line. A white outwardly oblique band
at apical third, nearly meeting a white band along external mar-
gin, stopping at the middle of the wing; an ochre shade be-
tween the median patch and the oblique costal band; external
margin from apices downward margined by an ochre band, nar-
rowly divided by a brown line of the color of the wing from the
white exterior band ; the brown basal patch includes an ochre

i6

shade spot ; the markings are continuous over hind wings at
base ; the large white subterminal field is sprinkled with brown
scales; the terminal band is velvety black enclosing four or five
gilt points ; the edge of the wing is ochery, obtaining at apices;
black scales extend from the terminal band beyond the gilt
points, interrupting the ochre edging of the wing ; beneath with
the markings more faintly repeated ; tegulae striped with white.
Expanse 12 mil., Carbondale, Illinois, Prof. French, in July.
Smaller than Lederer's opidentalis, with very different second-
aries. The ocelli are present.

Cataclysta HELOPALIS, Clemens, P. A. N. S. Phil., 217,
i860.

I have identified this species from specimens (N. Y.) in my
collection. As stated by Clemens it differs from C. Fiilicalis in
having ocelli. In ornamentation and general appearance it is
very like that species. It is a little larger, paler, with narrower
inner line on secondaries, and there are a few obscure metallic
points on the lower half of the external border on primaries.
With this the small form C. Medicinalis agrees in having ocelli ;
but I can refer neither to the allied genera having ocelli. I have
examined C. Fiilicalis Clem., C. Angulatalis Led.(?) and C. Bifas-
cialis Rob., in my collection, in all of which the ocelli are absent.
These species may be arranged as follows. The neuration ap-
pears to differ in all the species.

Cataclysta, Hubner.

Group A, with ocelli, CJiryscndcton m.
Medicinalis Gr. n. s.
- Helopalis Clevi., Proc. A. N. S. Phil., 217, i860.

Group B, without ocelli, Cataclysta Hub.
- Fulicalis Clou., Proc. A. N. S.Phil., 216, i860.

Angulatalis Led., Kaden in lit., 486, No. 132.

Bifascialis Robinson, Ann., N. Y. Lye. N. H. Vol. ix. 154, PI. i,
fig. 4.
I have not yet met with specimens of C. Opulentalis Led.
Taf. 18, fig. 7 (which cannot be Fulicalis) or Moniligeralis Led.,
Taf. 18, fig 10. It is also not known to me under what names
our species stand in the British Museum collection. The genera
Dicymolomia {Decora Zell., from Texas, and either the same or an
allied form from California) and Chalcoela {Aurifera Zell., and
Robinsonii Gr.) belonging to our fauna, have also gilded dots on
external margin of secondaries, but are structurally quite distinct
from Cataclysta.

The following three described species of Hydrocainpa are
in my collection ; the ocelli are present in all three forms.

17

Genuinalis Led., Taf. i8, fig. 2 ; genuialis Led. 483, No.
123.

Pacalis (9r^/^, n, s.

Ekthlipsis Grote, Can. Ent, 8, in.

Desideratum.

? Formosalis Clem., P. A. N. S, Phil., 217, i860.

Hydrocampa Pacalis, n. s.

Ocelli present. Fore wings pale ochre shaded with fuscous.
A pale ochre costal median patch edged by the brown irregular
and fragmentary median lines, and extending over the cell. A
white brown ringed spot on submedian space. The outward
median line forms an inward arcuation below costa and is inter-
ruptedly edged with white. The wide subterminal field shaded
with fuscous. A brown line before the margin runs downward
and then runs inwardly around anal angle. It is irregularly pre-
ceded by white shade spots, and is succeeded by a white brown-
ringed spot on internal margin. The markings are repeated on
hind wings where the brown lines enclosing the white median
space are continuous, the outer line forming a superior extension
and the white shading before the subterminal line is prominent
and subcontinuous, not cut into spots as on primaries. Head
and thorax dull ochre. Beneath, the markings more faintly re-
peated. Expanse 21 mil. N. Y. Less distinctly marked and
quite different from H. ekthlipsis. Differing from genuinalis by
the fuscous sprinkling of scales, the less distinct median lines, the
straighter subterminal line of piimaries with its obsolete white
anterior shading, and the following white spot before anal angle.

Paraponyx Plenilinealis, n. s.

& Ocelli. Maxillary palpi porrect. Male antennae with the
joints rather long and with a whorl of scales at the end of each
joint. The antennae clothed with sparse decumbent scales.
White; forelegs blackish inwardly. Both palpi whitish; second
joint of labial palpi fuscous outwardly. Thorax white, marked
with black and fuscous scales on the shoulders ; on the tegulae
behind and on the dorsum of the thorax in front. Forewings
white, sprinkled with brown scales on the cell, evenly banded
with yellowish and luscous. Discal spot, a narrow black ringlet.
Fringes outwardly gray ; white at base, with a distinct series of
black elongate, squarish spots, the fragments of a line, continued
on hind wings. Outer edge of the wing yellowish fuscous, pre-
ceded by a narrow white line, and this by an even black line, all
following the margin of the wing in shape. A broader white
space before the black line, and followed by a yellowish fuscous,
more darkly edged band beyond the outer transverse, white med-

ian band, which forms a wide curve and is indented on the fold,
below which there is a shorter and thicker white band to internal
margin. This white median band is followed by black scales, di-
lates on costa, where the black shadings on either side of it are
more obvious. Median and basal spaces white ; inner line, bent
on cell, running inwardly obliquely below to internal margin.
Hind wings white at base, with a black basal line, a median black
line, a little uneven and joined to the black discal point ; beyond
the wing is again narrowly white before a yellowish fuscous dark-
edged band, not quite attaining costa. On the white terminal
space a black, irregular line, broken towards anal angle. Edge of
the wing yellowish fuscous. Beneath fuscous, the lines feebly
reflected. Expanse i8 mil. Hab. Wise, in Sept., Mr. Westcott.

Oligostigma OBSCURALIS, n. S.

Agrees with y3/(5'^/zi' in having no ocelli, in the elongate wings
and pattern of ornamentation. Fore wings thickly sprinkled with
fuscous, the median lines obliterate. The outer line indicated
by a pale, indistinctly continuous, costal included shade. A
straight, interrupted, dark-brown line before the edge, continued
to internal margin. Hind wings white, crossed by two even sub-
parallel fuscous lines, the outer the broader, the latter followed
by a narrow white space before a terminal ochre stripe along the
margin, edged by fine broken brown lines. Beneath, dull and
pale. Head and thorax above dark fuscous. Expanse, 22 mil.
N. Y.; Wise; in September.

TORIPALPUS TRABALIS, n. S.

$ 2 Specimens from Colorado registered under this name
in my collection, are much larger than Brevior?iatalis from Texas
and Carolina. The inner line on primaries is more uneven. The
outer line is denticulate, and strongly so below the median vein.
The color is more brown and white. The female antennje are
simple; the male pectinate with basal tufts. Expanse, 31 mil.
This form, while resembling its ally, is very different at first sight,
from its greater size and contrasting colors, the median space of
the wings distinctly powdery white anteriorly. Four specimens
examined.

Nephopteryx scintillans, n. s.

Hind wings 8-veined. Three internal veins. Median vein
4-branched ; cell closed by a fold. Vein 2 thrown off before ex-
tremity of cell opposite the apex of the angulate fold ; .5 running
closely alongside of 4 and touching it just before the point of
origin of 3 ; 6 to external margin just below apices ; 7 and 8 sep-
arate to costa near apices. Fore wings ii-veined ; cell straightly
closed ; 4 and 5 close together at base ; 6 nearer to seven than to
5 ; 8 out of 7, both to costa beyond apices ; 9 and 7 near together
at base from s. c. vein ; 11 from the vein well within the cell ; 10

^9

wanting. Ocelli. Tongue scaled. Maxillary palpi untufted, con-
cealed in the male. Labial palpi with long second joint, extended
in front, longer than the head. Male antennas with a tuft within
a basal flexure. The entire insect is blackish, immaculate, shin-
ing; head, thorax and primaries with violet reflections ; the usual
marking are lost; the fringes are but little paler, interlined.
Expanse, 24 mil. A number of specimens from Summit, Sierra
Nevada, collected by Mr. Hy. Edwards. In one specimen the
darker, upright, waved median lines can be made out on primar-
ies, and a discal point, but as a rule it is very dififlcult to perceive
them.

NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN

NOCTUID^.

By Henr\» Edwards.

Euros, nov. gen.

Head small, deeply inserted in the thorax, which is densely
clothed with appressed scales. Palpi, short, truncate, with rather
short hairs. Abdomen extending beyond the wings, rather short,
with small basal tuft. Antennas simple. Tibiae almost smooth,
tarsi densely clothed with rather long hairs. The first pair very
short, and furnished with a thickened process, terminating in a
blunt spine ; middle pair, long, with long spine, and the posterior
pair with two short spines. Wings ample ; the anterior pair about
twice as long as the width ; rounded at the apex.

This genus appears to be closely allied to Anarta, the form
of the markings being somewhat similar, but the coloring of the
primaries offers a very wide distinction, and the curious structure
of the legs affords good characters for the formation of the pres-
ent genus.

Euros proprius, n. sp.

Primaries reddish brown, with all the lines and the margins
of a deeper shade. Along the costal margin are some whitish
scales. The basal half line, the t. a. and t. p. lines are dark-brown,
the two latter very wide apart on costa, but approaching each
other on the internal margin.

Reniform and claviform, yellowish brown, the latter unus-
ually large. Submarginal line, sinuato-dentate, yellowish in color.
Fringes reddish brown, darker at the extremity of the nervures.
Secondaries, smoky black, with small white discal spot. Fringes,
reddish brown. Underside, smoky black, broadly reddish brown
along all the margins. Thorax, yellowish-brown, with reddish
scales. Abdomen, smoky black, concolorous with the posterior
wings.

Exp. wings. 0.75 inch.

20

I $ Strawberry Valley, Siskiyou Co., Cal. Mrs. Hy. Ed-
wards.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Lygranthoecia Walsinghami. n. sp.

Allied to L. Separata Grote. Ground color of wings sordid
white, Basal shade, light cinnamon brown, darkest posteriorly.
Median space, clouded with crimson brown, heaviest towards the
costa. T. a. and t. p. lines broadly bordered with white. Behind
the t. p. line is a flexuous band of cinnamon brown reaching nearly
to the apex. Margins whitish, clouded with brown. Fringes,
alternately white and brown. Secondaries, sordid white, with a
rather indistinct discal spot, and waved, submarginal band, fawn
color. Fringes, white. Underside, wholly sordid white, with
faint indications of reddish brown submarginal band and discal
spot. Exp. wings, $ 0.70 inch. ? i.co inch. Klamath Lake,
Oregon, Lord Walsingham, to whom I have much pleasure in
dedicating this species. Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Adonisea pulchripennis, Grote. Var. languida. Hy.
Edw.

Whole upper surface thickly mottled with blackish scales,
obscuring the beautiful violet crimson shade so conspicuous in
the typical form. The bluish transverse lines are, however, very
distinct, while the broken whitish band in front of the t. p. line
is more strongly marked, by being thrown into greater contrast
by the duller and darker ground color. Secondaries with the
base and margins broadly black, enclosing a sub-lunate whitish
space. Underside, sordid white. Margins of wings, except
costa of secondaries (which is rosy), smoky black. Discal spots,
large and distinct.

Havilah, Cal., R. H. Stretch, i $. Coll. Hy. Edwards. This
form suggests the close relationship between Adonisea and the
following genus.

Melicleptria belladonna, n. sp.

Head and thorax covered with long brown hairs. Abdomen
glossy black, with small dorsal tuft at the base, dark brown, the
same shade as the hairs of the thorax. Primaries, rich brown,
darkest towards the base, and along the internal margin. The
discal field is whitish, with brown irrorations. The reniform and
sub-reniform are very large, dark brown, almost black, narrowly
edged with white. A blotch of the same dark color rests on the
internal margin, and another of triangular shape touches the
costa, near the apex of the wing. The t. p. line is blackish-brown,
very narrow, and much curved anteriorly as it reaches the costa.
Sub-marginal border, light brown. On the extreme margin is a
row of brown triangular spots between the nervules. Fringes
brown.

21

Secondaries broadly black at base, and on the margins, en-
closing a large subovate white patch ; fringes brown, edged out-
wardly with white.

Under side : Primaries brownish black, as are the margins
enclosing large cream white space ; reniform and sub-reniform
black. Secondaries same as the upper side; tibiae black, with
brownish hairs ; tarsi, sordid white. Exp. wings, 1.30 inch.

3 <5 2 (5. Southern Utah.

Type. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Melicleptria elaborata, n. sp.

Size of M. Villosa, Grote. Primaries with the base black,
flecked with crimson and yellow scales, the costal edge crimson,
with a linear white spot resting on the sub-costal nervure ; med-
ian band cream white, slightly sinuate posteriorly, and broken in
front by a portion of the basal space, which here covers the cen-
tral portion of the cell ; posterior third of the wing, bright rosy
crimson, enclosing a clouded streak of black and yellow scales ;
fringe yellowish white, except at the apex, where it is a brownish
black. Secondaries black, with rather wide median band of cream
white, broken in front by a small triangular black patch ; fringe
cream white. Under side: Primaries rosy at base and apex; a
cream white band divided by a black spot; internal half of the
posterior portion, smoky black. Secondaries cream white, black-
ish along the anal margin, with the posterior half rosy, narrowly
edged with black. Thorax covered with long golden hair ; the
tegulse shading into purplish rose color ; abdomen densely clothed
with long yellow hairs, as are also the tibae and tarsi. Exp.
wings, 0.75 inch.

I $ Colorado. H. K. Morrison.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Probably the most beautiful of the genus, rivalling the ex-
quisite Adonisea Pulchripennis, Grote.

Melicleptria Perminuta, n. sp.

Allied to M. Diminutiva, Grote, but much smaller and dif-
fering by the following characters. The primaries are dark
brown, dotted with white scales, the macular band being com-
posed of three spots, the largest being oblong, about the middle
of the wing, and nearly touching the outer margin. Above this,
in the anterior extremity of the cell, is a small roundish spot and
a linear one in the median space, nearer to the t. p. line. In M.
Diminutiva these spots assume the form of a band, and the
ground color of the wing is redder, and wants the irrorated ap-
pearance of the present species. Secondaries black, with discal
spot, and another near the anal margin, pure white. Underside
black, primaries with wide median band and discal spot white.

22

Secondaries similar to the upper side. Exp. wing, 0.50 inch.
Four examples. S. $. Bear Valley. Sier. Nev., Cal.
Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Oribates, nov. gen.

A genus of small moths, having at first sight the appear-
ance of Pyralidse. The palpi are rather long, densely clothed with
hairs ; thorax moderately stout, vestiture hairy, passing into
flattened scales, at the junction of the abdomen, which is some-
what extended beyond the posterior wings ; legs clothed with
closely appressed hairs ; fore tibiae unarmed in both sexes ; the
two posterior pair, each with a long spine ; Antennae simple-
wings moderately broad, verj^ much rounded on the apices.

Oribates muirii, n. sp.

Primaries dull orange, flecked with blackish scales, and the
base shading into deep brown ; in the central space there is also
a blackish cloud, and the posterior margin is also blackish, as are
the fringes. Secondaries, a rather lighter shade of orange, with
a narrow regular marginal border, and the fringe black. Under-
side, entirely dull orange, with a narrow marginal border, and
small discal spot on the primaries, black ; palpi whitish, as is
also the base of the tibiae; thorax bluish, with some yellowish
and brown hairs ; abdomen, black at the base, the posterior half
dull orange, concolorous with the posterior wings. Expanse of
wings S 0.40, ? 0.50, inch, 2 c? 3 ? . Tuolumne Co., Cal. Jno.
Muir, to whom I have great pleasure in dedicating this interest-
ing species.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Oribates limbatus, n. sp.

Primaries with the basal space sordid white, with a few
brownish patches on the costa : posterior portion, rich purplish
brown, mottled with a paler shade; a dark brown, triangular
patch on the costa near the apex ; fringe two shades of brown ;
Secondaries, bright orange, with marginal line of black ; fringes,
brownish ; thorax and abdomen above concolorous with the base
of the forewings ; beneath whitish, as are also the tarsi ; the un-
der side of the wings is orange, as in O. Muirii, with some small
brownish patches on the costal edge of primaries, and the apex
also broadly brownish. Size of O. Muirii.

4^,5? Mazatlan, Mexico.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

This insect when disturbed, alights among loose stones,
something after the habit of Syneda, and it is then extremely
difficult to discover. The specimens in my possession were taken
on a rocky hill near the city of Mazatlan. It may yet be found
within our borders.

Annaphila aurantiaca, n. sp.

A curious form, differing extremely in its coloration from the
remainder of the group, and at first suggesting a new genus. I
can however, find no characters by which it may be separated.
The primaries are light brown, with darker brown markings ; the
reniform is clear creamy white ; the basal lines are obliquely
waved and broken, and the t. p. line is pale, deeply sinuate, and
resting on a dark cloud ; margin dotted with black ; fringe brown.
Secondaries, bright deep orange, with an oblong black discal spot,
and a rather broad marginal band of black, slightly waved inter-
nally, and narrowing at the anal angle ; base of the wing with
long smoky hairs ; fringe smoky brown. Underside, bright
orange, with a broad smoky black border to both wings ; very
wide at the apex of the primaries, which have a blackish sub-
basal dark round spot near the apex of the cell, and a large oblong
one at its posterior extremity ; the secondaries have a sub-ovate
discal spot ; thorax, abdomen and legs, light fawn color, the scales
having a slight golden reflection.

Exp. wings, 0.75 inch, i S Geysers, Cal. R. H. Stretch.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Annaphila Pustulata, n. sp.

Allied to A. Domina. Hy. Edw., but differing by the hnes of
the primaries being white, and by the presence of a large square
black velvety patch, behind the reniform, filling up the whole of
the posterior portion of the cell. The reniform is whitish, and
thus the insect has a more mottled appearance than is usual.
Secondaries orange, as in A. Domina, but the discal spot is ob-
long and much larger than in the allied species, while the mar-
ginal band is here more sinuate, and narrows in the middle to a
mere line, the band being broadest at the anal angle. Thorax
and abdomen smoky black, the latter above thickly dotted with
white scales. Underside pale orange, with the margins smoky
black. In the centre of the primaries is a large cuneiform black
patch, divided by the whitish reniform and by a white line near
its posterior portion. The secondaries have, in addition to the
blackish margin, a sublunate discal spot and some scales near the
anal angle, black. Exp. wings, 0.80 inch, i?. Prescott, Ari-
zona. W. Howard. Type, Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Annaphila arvalis, Hy. Edwards.

This species described by me (Proc. Cal. Ac. Sc, 1875), from
Dr. Behr's M. S. name, must be rechristened, as Arvalis is al-
ready occupied in the same group, viz., Axenus Arvalis, Grote.
As the present form is usually found upon catkins of willow, I
propose for it the name of Annaphila Salicis.

Tarache sedata, n. sp.

Size of T. erastrioides. Primaries cream color along the cos-

24

tal half, interrupted in the middle of the wing by an oblique
oblong brownish streak, by an almost square brownish patch
above the reniform, and by a deep brown shade at the apex. The
inner half of the wing is rich greenish brown, inclosing a small
sub-triangular fawn-colored patch at the middle of the internal
margin. The t. p. line is deep brown — very much sinuo-dentate,
and running from the posterior third of internal margin to a point
very close to the apex. It is surrounded by a brownish cloud, in
which are some bluish scales. On the internal half of the poster-
ior margin is a sublunate cream colored patch, and the margin
has a series of black triangular dots between the nervules. Fringe
white, brown at the apex. Secondaries smoky white, with a very
faint reddish tinge. Underside dull smoky white, darker on the
margins and at the apex of the primaries. Thorax white in
front, brownish on the disc and behind. Abdomen concolorus
with the lower wings.

I 6 Prescott, Ariz. W. Howard, i S Tucson, Ariz. W.
S. Edwards. Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Fruva acerba, n. sp.
Primaries dull smoky black, with a few scattered bluish
scales. The costal half of the base, an almost square spot on
costa near the apex, and a triangular one on the internal margin,
sordid white. The two latter form an interrupted band. The t.p.
line is velvety black, visible only on the internal margin. The sub-
marginal line is composed of velvety black dots, edged poster-
iorly with a silvery reflection. Fringe smoky. Secondaries
smoky brown, with white fringes. Underside wholly smoky
brown, with satiny reflection. Thorax and abdomen concolorous
with the wings, the former with a few bluish scales. Exp. wings,
0.75 inch.

1 S. 3 ?. Sonoma Co., Cal.

Type, Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Fruva accepta, n. sp.

S . Primaries bright ochraceous, with a darker median shade
reaching to the posterior margin, but not spreading to the apex.
At the base is an oblique stripe of cinnamon brown, and a nar-
row line of the same color along the costa. Secondaries smoky
brown, fringe ochraceous. Thorax ochraceous ; abdomen con-
colorous with the secondaries. Underside dusky ochraceous, yel-
lowish along the internal margin of the primaries and the sec-
ondaries of rather a lighter shade.

?. Primaries with the base bright chestnut brown on the in-
ternal margin, pale ochreous on costa, the latter color also extend-
ing obliquely along the internal margin toward the internal angle.
Apex pale ochreous. The rest of the wing blackish, thickly cov-
ered with ochreous scales. Secondaries brownish, as in the S.

25

Underside smoky brown, with the costa and inner margin of pri-
maries pale ochreous.

3 (?. 2 ?. Tallahassee, Florida. Mr. A. Koebele.

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards. Exp. wing, 0.70 inch.

LiTOCALA SEXSIGNATA, Harvey.

n. var. Deserta. Hy. Edw.

A form occurring in Colorado and Arizona in which the pri-
maries are much more profusely mottled with white, the median
space and large reniform spot being almost clear white. The
spots of the secondaries are also more yellow and considerably
larger, the large discal one being more irregular in outline than
is the case in the typical form.

Syneda SEPOSITA, n. sp.

$. Size and aspect of S. Adumbrata, Behr. The primaries
are blackish at their base, covered with whitish scales. The an-
terior line enclosing the middle space is deeply toothed near the
second submedian nervule and is deep black. Median band mod-
erate in width, nearly equal throughout its length, bright chestnut
brown, shaded with a paler tint anteriorly. Behind this, almost
touching the costa, is a sub-oblong white patch. This rests on a
dark brown field, broad on the costa, extending up towards the
apex, but greatly narrowed on the internal margin. On
the costa are faint indications of small greyish blotches.
The sinuo-dentate submarginal line is white, edged with
dark brown, and the space between it and the margin is
brownish, with grey scales, becoming paler at the internal angle.
Marginal line scalloped, black, edged outwardly with grey.
Fringe, brown. Secondaries, dull yellow, with a waved median
band of black, deeply toothed in the middle, and joined to
another band in the centre, which passes to the base of the wing.
The margin has two sub-ovate black spots, joined by a black line,
and the abdominal margin is also blackish. Fringe, yellow,mottled
with black. Underside, yellow, the primaries with blackish mar-
gin, with a submarginal band of black, joined to a median one of
the same color, meeting before reaching the internal margin.
Secondaries, similar to the upper side.

Exp. wings $ 1.35 inch. ?. 1.45 inch.

S. Colorado. Type. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Syneda Hastingsii, Hy. Edw.

N. var. Perpallida. Hy. Edw.

A peculiar form of the above species, in which the primaries
have the margins much browner, and the secondaries yellow
instead of crimson. The markings are otherwise identical. It
cannot be confounded with either S. Divergens Behr. or S. Adum-
brata Behr., as the submarginal band is nearly straight inwardly,

26

and very widely separated as in S. Hastingsii from the oblong
discal spot.

I . Summit Station, Sier. Nev. California.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Syneda ADUMBRATA. Behr.

n. var. Saxea. Hy. Edzv.

Much smaller than the typical form, and differing also in
having the primaries of a reddish tint, and the submarginal pale
band proportionately narrower. The discal patch of secondaries,
too, is nearly always separate from the waved submarginal band,
and not connected with it as in the allied form, while the under-
side is of a richer orange, with the markings heavier and more
distinct.

Exp. wings, 1.45 inch. S. Adiunbrata, 1.75 inch.

Colorado, H. K. Morrison. Higher Sier. Nev., Hy. Edwards.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards. 3(5. 4?.

Melipotis tenella. n. sp.

c5. Primaries with the basal space grayish fawn color, darkest
on the costa, and terminated by a broad black line running
obliquely to the middle of the inner margin, straight anteriorly,,
and slightly sinuate behind. A wide fawn colored median space,
twice as broad on the costa as on the internal margin. Behind
this, resting on the costa, is a large whitish patch, shading into
fawn color, and surrounded outwardly by a deep brown shade.
This white patch has a deep tooth about the middle, and encloses
a dark-brown linear mark at its junction with the fawn-colored
median band. Posterior margin of the wing light grey, dotted
with brown scales. Fringe, greyish brown, except the apex, which
is white. Secondaries pure white, with a marginal band of black,
passing into a narrow waved line on the anal angle, and with a
very faint black discal dot. Fringe, broad, white. Underside clear
white, with slightly opalescent tint. Primaries with an imperfect
submarginal blackish band, and a central one, oblique, joining the
submarginal before it reaches the inner margin. Secondaries,
with very faint trace of the marginal band, but with a large sub-
ovate black spot near the anal angle. Thorax fawn color. Ab-
domen brownish gray, as are also the tibiae and tarsi.

<5. Similar to the ?., but the secondaries are dusky, with the
marginal band a little wider.

Exp. wings, 1.40 inch.

N, W., Texas. J. BolL

Types. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Synedoida Sabulosa, n. sp.

Primaries, dusky brown. Basal space, blackish with drab-col-
ored scales. Median band, stone drab, broad on the internal mar-
gin, turning suddenly forward on reaching the median nervule

27

and narrowing greatly on the costa. The space behind the me-
dian band is the same color as the base, and encloses the usual
sub-costal spot, which is here whitish, edged with brown, and with
a small tooth anteriorly below the middle, irregular on its poste-
rior edge. Submarginal space, greyish. Margin, blackish, scal-
loped, with the fringes stone drab, pointed with brown at the
extremity of the nervures.

Secondaries, sordid white at the base, broadly shading into
dusky on the margins. Sublunate discal spot, very distinct.
Underside, sordid white, with the margins and a central shade
joined to submarginal band, dusky.

Exp. wings, 1.40 inch.

4 examples, ? $ Southern Colorado.
Types, Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Synedoida Inepta, n. sp.

Ground color of primaries, reddish fawn color, as also is the
thorax. The lines are distinct, and are blackish in most exam-
ples, though sometimes they are almost lost in the ground color
of the wing. The ant. line is very broad, oblique, only slightly
toothed. The basal space is a little paler than the median band,
which is a reddish fawn color, nearly equal in its width throughout,
and terminated posteriorly by a faint black line. On this, near
the costa, rests a small and almost obsolete white blotch, toothed
posteriorly, and surrounded by a blackish shade. The sub-me-
dian space is greyish, with some dusky lines indicating the course
of the nervures. Sub-marginal space, bright fawn color, the ter-
mination of the nervures marked by black lunules. Fringe, con-
colorous. Secondaries, sordid white at the base, the margins, as
are also the nervures and the lunate discal spot, smoky black.
Fringe, reddish white. Underside, wholly sordid white, with a
broad blackish shade crossing the primaries near the middle, and
a faint linear shade near the apex. Fringes concolorous. Exp.
wing, 1.40 inch.

5 examples, $ ? Southern Colorado.
Types coll. B. Neumoegen.

Synedoida morbosa, n. sp.

In this species, which is closely allied to the last, the general
color is pale ochreous, with all tne lines, though strong, somewhat
confused in their outline. The basal space is larger than in S.
Inepta, and the reniform is well marked, almost black, and sur-
rounded by a dusky cloud. In S. Inepta, the reniform is obso-
lete. Along the costa are four blackish triangular patches, the
apical largest. At the base of the costa are four indistinct black
dots. The t. a. line is oblique, toothed outwardly, and there is no
line visible on the median space between it and the submarginal line
which is broad, slightly dusky, sinuous, with two large teeth direct-

28

ed outwardly. On the margin, between the nervures, are brownish
lunules. Fringe concolorous. Secondaries, sordid white, margin
broadly dusky, as is also the lunate discal spot. Beneath, entirely
sordid white, with dusky shade in centre of the primaries, and the
margins sometimes dusky. Thorax ochreous, with pinkish scales.
Abdomen, sordid white, with blackish scales. Exp. wings, 1.50
inch. Several examples. <^. ?. Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Flor-
ida. Types Coll. B. Neumoegen, Hy. Edwards.

It is possible that this and S. Inepta, may prove to be ex-
treme forms of the same species.

HOMOPTERA RUBI, n. sp.

S. General color, stone drab, lighter, and less brown than
any other species known to me. Primaries with the t. a. line
broad, oblique, approaching very closely to the base of the wing,
rich brown, narrowly bordered with a darker shade. Median
space sparingly dotted with blackish atoms. Reniform, sublu-
nate, edged with dark brown. The t. p. line is very strongly
marked, showing in vivid contrast with the pale color of the
wings. It is rich brown, edged with a darker shade, with a deep
tooth in the middle, joined to another brownish shade, which
reaches the margin of the wing. Secondaries with a rather
broad and distinct subrriedian band, brown, edged as in the supe-
rior wings, with darker shade, and several waved bands of dark
drab both at the outer margin and towards the base. Thorax
and abdomen concolorous, with the collar and thoracic tufts
flecked with brown. Underside wholly of the color of the upper,
with faint median double line on both wings, and a discal spot
on secondaries, brown. The margins are also brown, and the
whole of the wings thickly dotted with blackish atoms.

?. Resembling the S, but with the brown bands of the
upper surface almost obsolete, the insect being thus almost of
uniform color. Exp. wings, 1.55-inch.

3 examples. Sacramento, Cal. ; Havilah, Cal.

Typ. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

This species is most nearly allied to H. Atrilineata. Harvey,
but differs from it by its large size, paler color, greater angularity
of the t. p. line, and by the generally heavier markings.

A NEW SPECIES OF ARCTIA, FROM COLORADO.

By B. Neumoegen.

Arctia DETERMINATA, n. sp.

Head and palpi creamy white ; orbits of the eyes black; a
black spot on the vertex, between the antennae, which are mod-
erate, bi-serrate, of blackish color, but whitish at tips of pectina-
tions. Thorax equally creamy white, with two prothoracic and

Tsige 2,9,

This paga contains the test of the dggcr.of
Arctia detsrminata.

Habitat.- Tliddle fh southern Colorado,
Types in col,»Moumoesan,

This has baon dot.as A. ca-rvinoidds, but
wrongly so, as that is an entirely different form.

-0-

28
ed outwardly. On the maro-in. between the nervnre<:; prphrr.,,M.;cU ^M
Pag©, 30.

This lias article - "Description of the larfa
of Teras permutana" hir Coquillett*, U.S. f: Europe
onl]/ data fiven.

Aliso articla - "Capture of T)iaderaa bolina,Linn.in

Florida" by i^/.H.Edvrards, A S taken at Indian River Fl
Fla, Drury records it from Bombay, Surinain, West Ind. ,

New York, Caroliiia, he* '

Also records the following from Indian Riv®r:

Pieni ilaiare, Callidryas agarithe, ^yc®£i^3£
cassius and L» amraon.

-0-

PAPILIO.

Prgan of tl^e fJew Jork f ntomological piub.

Ol. 1.] March lo, 1881. [No. 3.

lOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF M. ACHILLE GUENEE.

By a. R. Grote.

\ Monsieur Achille Guenee died at Chateaudun on the
pth day of December, 1880, in the 72d year of his age, and the
ijorld has lost an excellent Entomologist.

I I remember well the little old town, perched on a hill near
'le left bank of the Loire, and overlooking the valley through
hich that river makes its way. Its castle and churches, the
luare in front of the inn filled on market days early in the morn-
ig with sellers of country produce of all kinds ; its paved streets
:ithout trees, and for the most part without sidewalks ; a ruined
;-chway, with an inscription, incomplete and defaced, of " Liberte,
Igalite," and the rest (a curious commentary on the appearance
|°the horrible old women who picked up the droppings on the
reets for a living) — all this and much more I noticed between
.y arrival in Chateaudun one evening and my call on M. Guenee
e next day, as by appointment. For M. Guenee then, it being
mmer, lived out of town, but was to come in and open his
ouse for my reception.

The collaborator of Dr. Boisduval, in the " Species Generales
es Lepidopteres," was a thin, rather short, dark, beardless man,
iolite and pleasant as most as most of his nation are, but with a
;ood heart behind his somewhat diplomatic manners. The house
/as old, dark and gloomy, and probably appeared at an additional
lisadvantage from having been closed for the summer.

Before proceeding to examine his collection of types of
American moths, which was the main object of my visit, we sat
lown to a dejeuner a la fourchette, consisting chiefly of a bottle
)f good wine and an ancient game pasty, in which latter 1 half
uspected I should find some entomological acquaintances had
;aken up their dwelling.

M. Guen^e's collection was contained in glass boxes, many
)f the type specimens being separately put up. The rest of the

32

day was spent in looking this over and comparing my own speci-
mens with M. Guenee's types. Unfortunately, the collection
which I had brought with me was comparatively small, and M.
Guenee no longer possessed types of a great number of moths,
American species, which he had described. I, however, verified
or corrected a number of my previous determinations of his spe-
cies, and was able to make several new ones, which I have since
disseminated among entomologists in this country.

With the evening we parted, promising each other a future
meeting, which was destined never to take place. This was in
1867. Our correspondence since that time had been slight, but
only recently M. Guenee had sent me an outline drawing of some
of his species of Noctuidae, which enabled me to recognize his
Mamestra Passer and his Celaena Excsa.

So far as American Lepidopterists are concerned, their interest
in M. Guenee begins and ends with his six volumes in the series
of the " Species Generales." There is no necessity at this time to
enter into any detailed criticism of this work. Its publication
and the friendship of Doubleday gave to its author a popularity
in England, which he can hardly be said to have outlived. In
Germany, M. Guenee's classification of the moths met with de-
cided and growing opposition among the best entomologists. For
myself, being a student of his work, especially the volumes on
the Noctuidae, I believe him to have been an excellent describer
of species, but a deficient observer of generic characters. The
material out of which M. Guenee composed his genera Agrotis,
Noctua, Hadena, Mainestra and Aplccta, is badly selected, and
species are consorted without regard to natural characters which
had been already discovered by Stephens and earlier writers. On
the other hand, the effort of M. Guenee to gather structural feat-
ures from «//the stages of the insect, merits favorable notice. The
North American species of Noctuida; which he has described, I
have been able largely to make out from his published descrip-
tions. A few species oi Acronycta, Lcncania, Hadena, etc. remain
unknown to me. Among single forms which should be suf^c-
iently striking are Lepidomys Irrenosa, Mythhnna Culea, and Cleo-
ceris Ojiychina, that I have not been able to recognize as yet in
any of our collections. M. Guenee also drew up descriptions of
several species from drawings by Abbot, and none of these have
been satisfactorily identified and probably cannot be.

Notwithstanding the criticism of Clemens, published in the
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
for i860, and which, while it may be considered in the main cor-
rect, is particular and unnecessarily personal, M. Guenee's work
retains a literary and scientific value, which atones for its now ap-
parent defects. It is, however, somewhat curious to find Dr.
Clemens taking Guenee to task for overlooking the ocelli in Dory-

33

odes^ and at the same time advancing the statement that these or-
gans are always absent in the Pkale7iites, which is not the case.
In fact the absence or presence of ocelli cannot be considered of
family value in the Lepidoptera. And when we compare Dr.
Clemens's writings on the Phycidae, we can see how easy it is to
neglect to observe structural characters in the moths.

M. Guenee will always survive in the memory of American En-
tomologists so long as they find Catocala Parta on the willows, or,
at dusk, take Plusia TJiyatiroides hovering over flowers. The im-
partial historiographer will, I think, always recognize the fact that
the works of M. Guenee have done much to encourage the gen-
eral taste for Entomology, as well as to advance our knowledge
of their special subject, and this must be sufificient to keep his
name and fame bright among us. Dr. Packard, in naming the
genus Gueneria, says that American lepidopterists are under
lasting obligations to M. Guenee, in which statement I heartily
concur.

NEW NOCTUIDS, WITH A LIST OF THE SPECIES OF

ONCOCNEMIS.

By A. R. Grote.

Oncocnemis Major n. sp.

Eyes naked ; fore tibiae with a claw ; middle and hind tibiae
unarmed ; abdomen untufted. Dark gray, closely resembling
Chaiidlcri, but larger, without the basal black dash, more uniformly
dusky gray. Median lines indicated on costa, else lost. Median
shade vague, broad, diffuse. Veins incompletely marked with
dusky. A terminal series of black interspaceal dashes, neatly
and evenly interrupted by the subterminal line, which is else
obsolete. The hind legs are blackish fuscous, pale at base, with
white interlined fringes. Two specimens, Colorado, Mr. Neu-
moegen.

Oncocnemis Aqualis n. sp.

$. Eyes naked; fore tibiae with a claw. Related to Chand-
leri, but stouter. Forewings bluish-white gray over blackish. All
the lines obliterate. Subterminal line wanting. The gray con-
colorous stigmata with difficulty perceived ; all three present.
Veins obsoletely marked. A distinct series of black interspaceal
terminal lines or streaks. Hind wings smoky, the veins soiled,
slightly iridescent, fringes whitish, interlined. Collar light gray,
dusky behind, narrowly lined in front ; head blackish. Beneath
paler, discal spots present : hind wings whitish, irrorate, with a
dotted exterior line feebly marked. Expanse 38 mm. Hab.
California.

This Californian form differs by the black interspaceal dashes

34

not being interrupted by a transverse pale shade, which only
shows in Chandleri\v\\erc it cuts the dashes, but in var. (?) Riparia
broadens into a whitish diffuse subterminal line.

The following is a new list of our species of Oncocnenns :

Genus Oncocnemis Led.
Hind %uings yelloiv.

1. //«;rjr? Grote, Bull. B. S. N. S. i, 105, pi. 3, fig. 13. Colorado.

2. Z>«j'z Grote, Bull. B. S. N. S. i, 105, pi. 3, f^g.'"8. Colorado.

3. Mirificalis Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. 5, 207. Nevada.

Hind %vings soiled luhitish or fuscous.

4. Levis Grote, Can. Ent. 121, 254. Colorado.

5. Augustus Harvey, Bull. B. S. N. S. 3, 73, pi. 3, fig. 5, Texas.

6. Behrcnsi Grote, Bull. B. S. N. S. 2, 65. California, in Feb-

ruary.

7. Glennyi Grote, Bull. B. S. N. S. i, 141, pi. 4, fig. 17. Colorado,

in July.

8. Cibalis GrotQ, Can. Ent. 12,244. Colorado.

9. Homogcna Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. 3, 800. Colorado,

Nevada.

10. Oblita Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. 3, 117. Nevada,

11. Meadiana Morrison. Proc. A. N. S. Phil. 1875, 60. Colorado.

12. Chandlcri Grote, Bull. B. S. N. S. i 107, pi. 3, fig. 9 ; id. 3, 87 ;

Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. 3, 117. Colorado,
var. Riparia Morr., Can. Ent. 7, 213. Long Island ; Buffalo,
N; Y.

13. Major n. sp. Colorado.

14. Aqualis n. sp. California.

15. Atricollaris Harvey, Bull. B. S. N. S. 2, 273 ; id. 3, 73. Texas,

Arizona.

16. Satindcrsiana Grote, Can. Ent. 8, 29. Canada ; Illinois.

17. Occata Grote, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 5, 114; Bull. B. S. N. S.

3, 'J'J, 87, pi. 2, fig. 6. Texas, California.
Hind ivings black,

18. Aterrima Grote, Can. Ent. 11, 199. California.

Hadena Cymosa n. sp.

Allied to Arctica and Castanea ; darker than either, blackish
brown ; the thoracic tufts rufous ; abdomen fuscous Avith dark
dorsal tufts. Eyes naked. Forewings blackish brown, with the
lines much as in Arctica, black; a black submedian dash. Stig-
mata large, black-ringed ; orbicular, spherical, concolorous ; reni-
form shaded with white and broken into white spots outwardly.
Secondaries fuscous with darker exterior shading ; beneath with
discal spot. Expanse ^'^tcw^. Washington Territory. Two speci-
mens in my collection ; others in collections of Messrs. Edwards,
Tapper and Graef.

35

Deva Palligera n. sp.

Fore wings pale roseate or purplish, shaded with dark metallic
yellow over median space below the median vein, at internal
angle and on terminal space opposite the cell. Lines even, nar-
row, the outer line angulate below costa. Stigmata small, con-
colorous ; orbicular rounded ; reniform narrow, upright ; a small
round spot on median space just below vein 2 at its origin. Hind
wings whitish, with a mesial line. Abdomen pale ; thorax like
fore-wings. Expanse 30 mm. Sierra Nevada. Hy. Edwards,
two specimens.

This form differs from our Eastern Dcva Purpiirigera of
Walker by the broader wings, paler color and distinctly annulate
spots on the median space ; the primaries have no dark irrora-
tions, and are notably wider exteriorly. I retain the genus
Deva as distinct from Plusia, on account of the thickly-scaled third
article of the long and curved labial palpi. The genus is inter-
mediate between Calpe and Plusia, and is one of several in our
Fauna which take that position.

NOTES ON THE PACIFIC COAST SPECIES OF HEPI-
ALUS WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FORMS.

By Henry Edwards.
The so-called species of Hepialus, inhabiting the Pacific Coast,
are subject to the extreme tendency to variation, which appears,
in most of the species of Lepidoptera, to prevail in that region,
constancy in the general characters being the exception and not
the rule, both in Rhopalocera and Heterocera, and the many
forms of Argynnis, Colias Melitsea and Lycjena among the Diur-
nals, and of Alypia, Arctia, the present forms and many among
the Noctuids seem to direct us to the earlier stages as the only
means of clearly understanding their relative value as species.
From a pretty close study of very numerous examples of Cali-
fornian Hepiali, I am led to the conclusion that ultimately many
forms will have to be included in one species, and that it is possible
that H. Behrensii Stretch, H. Tacomae, Hy. Edzv., H. Sceq-
uoilus BeJirens, H. Montanus, Stretch; as well as H. Anceps Hy.
Edtv. and H. Rectus Hy. Edw., will prove to be variations of one
type. Subsequent investigation, alone, however, can assure us of
this, and I, therefore, for the present, prefer to call attention to
the differences which present themselves to me. For a rather
large series of these interesting insects I am indebted to Mr. Oscar
Baron of Mendocino, Cal.

Hepialus Rectus. Hy. Edw. n. sp. (?)
Size of and closely approaching Hepialus (Stenopis Pack.)
Montanus 5/r^/(:/i!, but differing from that species by the position

36

of the maculate bands of the primaries. In H. Montanus, the me-
dian band starts independently from the costa, but joins the sec-
ond submarginal band before it reaches the internal margin. In
the present species, the oblique maculate bands, which are 4 in
number, are independent and parallel throughout their whole
course. The insect has a brighter and more distinctly brown
color also, though this can hardly be regarded as a character of
value.

Contra Costa Co., Cal.

Types, ? S Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Hepialus Anceps, //>. Edw. n. sp. (?)

Also closely allied to H. montanus, but of a much redder
color, and with 3 bands instead of 4 as in H. Montanus, and H.
Rectus. These 3 bands are distinct and independent of each other.
The costal margins of both wings are very distinctly reddish
brown, as are also the fringes, while in the former species, they
are concolorous with the wings.

4 ? 2 <^. Mendocino, Co., Cal.

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Hepialus Inutilis. Nf. Edw. n. sp.

A small and obscure species, the size of of H. Modestus, //)/.
Edw. and H. Lenzii Behrens, It is dark stone color over the
whole upper and lower surface. On the primaries above are
some scattered white scales, forming an indistinct oblique double
band, and beneath are also a few irregularly distributed whitish
scales. It thus differs considerably from H. Modestus, in which
the wings are concolorous throughout, without any trace of mark-
ings.

I ? I ^ Summit, Sier. Nev. Cal.

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

NOTES ON FITCH'S SPECIES OF TORTRICIDS.

By Prof. C. H. Fernald, State -College, Orono, Me.

The late Dr. Asa Fitch has described several species of the
Tortricidae, some of which entomologists have failed to recognize.
In his Second Report (Trans. N. Y. State Ag. Soc. 1855, P- 473).
he described Bracliytacnia Malana, which has since been referred
to the genus NolapJiana among the Noctuids. Immediately fol-
lowing this, on page 476, he described another species under the
name of BracJiytaenia Triqnctrana, which he said was closely re-
lated to Malana. If he was correct, of course it does not belong
to the Tortricidce ; but the description, though short, is quite
suggestive of some species of Tcras.

In his Third Report (Trans. N. Y. State Ag. Soc, 1856, p.
357), Dr. Fitch gave us his description of Crcesia Persicana, and

7^1

what this insect might be has been a mystery until recently, when
Prof. J. A. Lintner discovered the type among the insects in the
collection at Albany, and had the great kindness to send it to me
for examination. The original description of this insect is very
faulty and misleading, for it gives black as one of the colors on
the fore-wings, where it should give brown. This same species
was taken by Dr. Packard, in Brunswick, Me., and sent to Dr.
Clemens, who described it under the name of Ditula ? Blandana
(Proc. Ent. Soc, Phil., vol. 3, 1864, p. 515); and in 1869 Dr.
Packard himself described it in his Guide, page 335, where he
names \t Lozotcenia Fragariaiia ; and in 1875 Prof. Zeller described
it in his Beitriige under the name of Tortrix {Argyrotoxa) Coniger-
ana. By some oversight. Prof. Zeller placed it in the subgenus
Argyrotoxa, when it should have been put in Ptycholoma Steph.
As the description of Fitch antedates the others, the insect should
be called PtycJiolonia Pcrsicana (Fitch).

In the same report, page 382, Dr. Fitch described his Lozo-
taenia Cerasivorana, which is well known, but should be referred
to the genus Cacoecia Hiib.

On page 459 of the same report, Ephippophora Caryana is
described by Fitch ; but Dr. Shimer, not recognizing this, re-
described the same species by the name of GrapJiolitlia Caryae
(Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, vol. 2, p. 394, 1869).

In 1858, Dr. Fitch, in his Fifth Report, described his Argy-
rolepia Quercifoliana (Trans. N. Y. State Ag. Soc, p. 826, and I
am indebted to Prof. Lintner for an opportunity of examining
the type of this species. Prof. Zeller redescribed the same thing
in his Beitriige, in 1875, by the name of Tortrix {Argyrotoxa) Tri-
furculana. The species should be called Tortrix Quercifoliana
Fitch.

I am not aware that Dr. Fitch described any other species of
the Tortricidac, and these are now all known save Brachytaenia
Triguetrana, if indeed this is a Tortricid.

In the Second Report of Dr. Cyrus Thomas, Entomologist
to the State of Illinois, page 1 14, Miss Emma Smith gave the
natural history of what she called Argyrolcpia Qjierc if o liana
Fitch, including, with notes of her own, the description of
Fitch ; and in a foot note by Dr. Thomas it is stated that "Prof.
Fernald has identified this as Zeller's Tortrix Trifurculana!*
After seeing the above report with this statement, I tried to
obtain examples of Miss Smith's insect to see what it really was,
and finally succeeded in obtaining it through Prof. Lintner, but
it proved to be Tortrix Flaccidana Rob., a very different insect
from Quercifoliana Fitch. I am in no way responsible for the
identification of Miss Smith's insect, for I never saw an example
of it till long after the report was published.

38

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES

OF ARCTIID^.

By Henry Edwards.

EUPREPIA Opulenta. Hy. Ediv. n. sp.

Primaries sordid white. At the extiemity of the cell, two
minute brownish dots, and beyond them a broken irregular brown
patch, and another at the extremity of the median nervule,
broken up into small irregular patches on the posterior margin.
Apex of the wings brownish. On the internal margin near its
posterior termination, are two brown triangular spots and a small
brown dot about the middle of the interior margin, resting above
the submedian nervure. Secondaries, scarlet with an orange
tint. On the costa, near the apex, is a small golden yellow blotch,
a circular spot of the same color in centre of the wing, and an-
other near the anal angle. There is also a small golden yellow
mark at the extremity of the cell. There are two submarginal
black spots, surrounded by a ring of golden yellow, the one near-
est to the costa being oblong, and the other circular. Beneath,
both wings are washed with scarlet, the primaries having 2 sub-
marginal black spots, and a median band of golden yellow. Apex
sordid white. Secondaries with a yellowish band on the costa
near the base, and the markings of the upper side, faintly re-
peated. Thorax above, brownish black, except its front, which is
scarlet. Patagia, whitish. Abdomen scarlet above and below,
imperfectly banded with black. Legs and under side of thorax,
dusky brown.

Exp. of wings, 2.00 inch.

I $ Yukon River, Alaska, 700 miles from the mouth. F.
A. Smith.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

A most remarkable and unique form. If a variation of any
species, I know not where to refer it, as it appears in some re-
spects to differ structurally from A. Caja. L. I know of no other
species of which it can possibly be a variety. It is extremely in-
teresting, not only for its beauty and its curious appearance, but
also from the locality of its capture.

Arctia Incorrupta. Hy. Ediv. n. sp.

Closely allied to A. Blakei, Grote, but differing from that
species by the presence of a distinct sub-basal band, broadest on
the costa, and running quite across the wings to the internal mar-
gin of the primiaries. The costa of the secondaries is rosy, and
the black marginal spots are clearly cut, 4 in number and not
confluent on the costal apex. There are no discal spots as in
A. Blakei, but the wing is rosy to the base. I have seen 6 or 7
examples of A. Blakei, and have found the costa of secondaries in
all of them rather broadly black, and the discal spots, 3 in num-

39

ber, as in M. Stretch's figure. (Zygaenidae and Bombyc, N. A.
Page 224, Plate 9.)

3 ? Prescott, Arizona, i $ . Dalles, Oregon.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Arctia Achaia, Bdv., var. barda. Hy. Edw.

A dark form of A. Achaia. in which the sub-basal transverse
line of primaries is wanting, and the rest of the lines are much
narrower than in the usual form. The secondaries are quite
black at the base, along the costa, and very broadly so upon the
posterior margin — the red markings being reduced to a moder-
ately broad and deeply dentate band, touching the anal margin,
and surmounted by a small ovate discal spot. In a second speci-
men, the red band encloses a small black spot.

2$. North. Calif. Dalles, Oregon.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Antarctia Punctata, var. proba. Hy. Edw.
Under this name I call attention to a form of the above
species, which differs from the type by having the secondaries
always concolorous with the primaries in both sexes, and by the
maculate band being more broken up into spots. It is the
mountain form of this insect, all the specimens I have examined
having come from the higher Sierra Nevada, where it appears to
be perfectly constant in color and marking.

3 (^ 2 ? . Truckee, Summit Station and Bear Valley. Sier.
Nev., Cal.

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Halesidota Ingens-. Hy. Edzv., n. sp.

Allied to H. Sobrina, Stretch, but differing by its extreme
size and some changes in the form and number of the spots.
Head at base, front and sides of thorax, yellowish white ; middle
of thorax and front of the head rich brown, as also on the palpi,
chest, and base of tibiae. Abdomen above, pale buff with
brownish band at the sides, and dull white beneath. Primaries
rich brown, with four rows of white spots, the basal one very
irregular in shape, and composed of three spots, the sub-basal
one of four spots, and the median submarginal rows are oblique,
and are composed of six and seven spots respectively. Between
the median and sub-basal row is a large sub-oblong spot on the
costa, and the margins have a row of small triangular spots at
the termination of the nervules. Secondaries sordid white,
yellowish at the base, with a small discal spot, and a row of con-
fluent marginal spots, from the apex to the ^median nervule, black.
Beneath, the markings of the upper side are faintly repeated.

Exp. wings., 2.50 inch.

I ? . Prescott, Arizona.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

The largest species of the genus known to me.

40
A CHOREUTES ON SILPHIUM INTEGRIFOLIUM.

By a. R. Grote.

Mr. Coquillett has communicated to me specimens of a
Choreiites which he has reared, together with a description of the
larva. The species appears to be new and is considered by Pro-
fessor Fernald to be distinct from Prctiosana.

Choreutes Silphiella, n. s.

Thorax orange, with a metalHc stripe on the tegulae. Head
oh'vaceous. Pectus and basal joint of palpi whitish. Fore
wings with the base orange, to a dusky, inwardly oblique, trans-
verse shade line. A longitudinal metallic stripe before the shade
line below costa and some metallic scales below median vein.
Middle of the wing mottled, grayish, enclosing two metallic dis-
cal spots edged with black, superposed ; below them two faint
blackish lines to internal margin. Apical portion of the wing
taken up with a wide circle of dusky and orange scales enclosing
a series of metallic points edged with black. The space enclosed
by the circle, near the margin, is gray and mottled like the mid-
dle of the wing. The metallic spots have a violet or green reflec-
tion. The circle is twice cut by oblique orange stripes, over the
sub-costal nervules and over the median nervules, in opposing
positions. Edge of the wing dusky, fringes dark. Costal edge
with two white dots beneath, wide apart. Hind wing blackish ; be-
neath crossed by a white sub-terminal band, and another before the
middleof the wing. Length of forewing5 to 6 mm. Hab.\\X\ViO\s.

The larva of this species is described by Mr. Coquillett as
follows :

Choreutes Silphiella, Grote.— V>odiy thickest at the mid-
dle, tapering toward each end, pale green ; a dark colored dorsal
line ; piliferous spots and cervical shield green ; head small, nearly
horizontal, pale green, with a black dot on each side near the
jaws, and usually with a black dash on each side near the junc-
tion of the head with the first segment ; venter pale green, un-
marked ; i6 legs; length, 13 mm. Lives in communities on
SilpJmun Integrifolinvi in nests formed by fastening the terminal
leaves together with silken threads. Found June 19; imagoes
July 2.

A distinct but allied species of Choreutes has been collected
Mr. Hy. Edwards in California {Sierra Nevada).

DESCRIPTIONS OF GEOMETRID^E, CHIEFLY COL-
LECTED BY MR. PILATE.
By a. R. Grote,
Plagodis Floscularia, n. sp.

$. Larger than the other species, and of a different color.
Fore-wings vivid lemon yellow, with the costa, at base, touched

41

with pinkish brown, and the costal edge, between the two trans-
verse shaded lines, washed with very pale pinkish. The two lines
merely indicated. Basal line a little darker yellow than the
ground color, and apparently including double narrow lines, arcu-
ate. Outer line commencing near apices, where it is touched with
red ; below this obsolete and appearing again as a dark brown
line, edging inwardly a large pinkish brown patch on internal
margin before the angle. Apices with a red fleck. Hind-wings
pale yellow, fading to whitish to costa and base. At internal
angle is a patch, margined by darker lines, corresponding to the
patch before internal angle of primaries. Body lemon yellow,
anus shaded with reddish. Breast and head pinkish. Venter
shaded with reddish. Wings beneath lemon yellow ; the pinkish
patch at anal angle of secondaries distinct and somewhat diffusely
extended. There are no irrorations on the wings of this lovely
insect, which expands an inch and a half. Ohio. Mr. G. R.
Pilate.

ASPILA'iES Gausaparia, n. sp.

$ . Smaller than Lintneraria. Antennae bipectinate. Upper
surface of wings and body entirely concolorous, dusky purplish red.
Primaries crossed by three faint black lines formed by aggrega-
tions of the black scales with which the wings are besprinkled.
A sub-basal arcuate line; a waved median shade line; both of
these a little diffuse. A narrower, uneven line at apical fourth,
continued to internal margin. A black discal dot just beyond the
median shade, surrounded by a brighter tinting on the cell. Hind-
wings with dot, and the outer line continuous. Beneath much
paler, with dots, and an outer common line. Expanse, 26 mm.
Wisconsin.

Deilinia Glomeraria, n. sp.

? . White ; wings sprinkled with blackish. Front, between
the eyes, reddish. Wings entire ; hind-wings rounded. Small
black discal dots on both wings. A single regular denticulate
blackish extra-discal common line crosses both wings. The dark
powderings are more massed on terminal space of fore-wings,
before the fine, incomplete terminal line. Beneath more whitish,
with the dots distinct and the line indicated. In its course this
line is a little bent on primaries above, running in over the
median nervules. Expanse 26 mm. Ohio, Mr. J. R. Pilate;
Canada.

In this species and the following the tibiae are not incras-
sated. I do not know the males, which prevents my feeling sure
that they belong to this genus.

Deilinia Septemfluaria, n. sp.

? . White, with brownish irrorations. Front a little reddish.
Hind-wings slightly produced at the middle. Ornamentation
distinct. Fore-wings crossed by three even ochre lines ; the first,

42

arcuate, beyond the base ; the second nearly straight before the
middle of the wing; the third at three-quarters from base, a little
bent opposite the cell, else nearly straight. Just beyond this line
is a faint dark line, not easily perceived, containing a distinct
dark scale blotch between veins 3 and 4. This and the outer two
ochre lines are continued across hind-wings, which also have the
scale blotch in the same place. Beneath the markings repeated ;
discal marks ; the irrorations are coarser and yellowish in part.
Expanse 23 mm. Ohio, Mr. G. R. Pilate.

PAPILIO ECCLIPSIS, A DOUBTFUL OR LOST N.
AMERICAN BUTTERFLY.

By Dr. Herman H. Hagen.

I desire to draw attention to the famous Papilio Ecclipsis
Linn. The specimen is figured by Petiver in Gazophylaz. PL 10, fig.
6; the quotation by Kirby, pi. 33. f. 11, is erroneous, and refers
to Erebia Portlandia. Petiver, p. 16, says " It exactly resembles
our English Brimstone Butterfly (R. Rhamni), were it not for
those black spots and apparent blue moons in the lower wings.
This is the only one I have seen." In the Catalogus Classicus, p.
2, this species is put by Petiver among the European insects.

Linne described the species, 1763 (not 1764 as stated by
Kirby) in Centuria Insectorum p. 23, No. 6'j. He quotes Peti-
vers figure as " bona " and says : Habitat in America septentri-
onali, De Gecr. Therefore a specimen must have existed in De
Geer's collection, but this is not described in his memoirs, nor
mentioned in Retzius' Catalogue. Linne repeats his description
in Syst. Nat. Ed. Xli, p. 765. Werneburg has overlooked that
Petiver put his species among the European insects, and does not
mention it. VV. F. Kirby, Synon. Catal. p. 488, quotes the species
in brackets, and says; "spec, fict." America. I think it should
be examined if the species is still in Petiver's collection which be-
longs to the British Museum. If it is really fictitious, perhaps the
specimen in De Geer's collection came from the same maker.
After all De Geer's collection is still preserved and in good con-
dition in Stockholm. I think Linnaeus must have had some data
to give the country as North America. It is sure that Linne has
described another fictitious insect — the famous ScarabcBus Tri-
dentatiis. But here the falsification of blue moons seems some-
what more difficult if not impossible. It occurs to me that
perhaps the P. Ecclipsis is an insect near to Colias Caesonia, now
not represented in cabinets, or a remarkable variety. At least
the above quoted collections should be searched for a more satis-
factory explanation.

PAPILIO.

Prgan of tl^e flew Jork f ntomological piub.

Vol. 1.] April 26, 1881. [No. 4.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF BUTTERFLIES.

Chiefly collected by Mr. Morrison in 1880.
By W. H. Edwards, Coalburgh, IV. Va.

1. Anthocharis Morrisoni.

2. Melitcea Perdiceas.

3. " Colon.

4. Pyrgus Philetas.

5. Copseodes Eunus.

6. Pamphila Mardon.

7. " Siris.
Anthocharis Morrisoni.
Male. Expands 1.5 inch.

Size of A Ccthiira. Feld. {Cooperi o{ But. N. A. Vol. i) and
very close to it on upper side ; color of primaries, white ; of sec-
ondaries, white, washed with grayish on part of cell and middle of
disk, and faintly beyond to hind margin ; both wings gray at base.
Primaries, have costa spotted black, not densely. The spots
nearest to base, rather large and well separated ; towards apex,
black and white alternate in about equal proportions ; on apical
area, a large bright orange patch ; along apex and hind margin to
lower side, the patch a series of black confluent crenated spots.
The one on upper median nervule, diffused into an irregular patch ;
the lower branch of median edged black at extremity ; the mark
on arc of cell, black ; straight, narrow and of even width. Secondar-
ies have a few black scales at the ends of all nervules, and the fringe
there is black, otherwise, white ; fringe of primaries, also black at
ends of nervules.

Under side of primaries, pale yellow-white ; the patch, deep
yellow, and beyond it a small pink-tinted space towards apex ; the
nervules on apical area green edged, losing the green scales
mostly, quite at the margin ; costa marked by black spots at
nearly equal distances, about one third the space being black.

two thirds white ; cellular mark repeated, interrupted a little be-
low middle ; secondaries marbled green, not after the pattern of
Cet]i7i7-a, but as in A. Hyantis, the green being dense, with clear
white openings, which are mostly along costal and hind margins.
{Cethura has the green area much broken, macular, with full half
the wing white, and this is yellow washed)
-From 2 $ from Southern California. Female not observed.

Melitaea Perdiceas.

Male. Expands 1.7 inch.

Upper side a dull brown-black, spotted with buff and dull red,
the arrangement of the spots being as in Chalcedon and allied
species ; all red dull and inclining to orange, both hind margins
edged by a series of red spots, those next apex of primaries a little
the largest, the rest nearly equal ; on primaries, this is followed by
a row of minute spots, red and yellow, mixed , on secondaries, by
minute yellow spots, but the two in the median interspaces are
considerably larger and lunular; the third row on primaries is
sinuous, the spots small, rounded, yellow ; the fourth row is also
sinuous, red or red and yellow, except the last spot on inner
margin, which is yellow ; outside arc of cell a demi-row of three
spots, yellow edged, without red ; in cell a yellow cross bar and a
patch near base, and between these, and outside the bar, a few red
scales, a large rectangular spot below cell : on secondaries, the
third row is obsolete, or represented partially by a slight cluster
of yellow scales; the fourth, or discal row, is yellow, and on basal
area are four yellow spots, the two in the cell sometimes con-
nected by a narrow ligament on the outer side. Fringes, yellow-
white, black at the ends of the nervules.

Under side, dull red over disk of primaries, a shade lighter
next base, the hind margins of both wings, dull orange. The
second row of spots on primaries repeated in yellow-white, en-
larged and now lunular, edged posteriorly by black. The third row
repeated, edged anteriorly by black, and the other yellow spots
are imperfectly repeated, or are indicated by a lighter shade.
Secondaries have a submarginal series of yellow-white lunules,
not much excavated, edged on all sides by black (all nervures
and branches being black). The next or third row is composed
of dull orange lunules. The discal band, broad, yellow, cut by a
black line near the outer edge. On basal area five large yellow
spots, separated by narrow spaces rather red than orange, or, at
least of a lighter color than the orange beyond disk ; shoulders,
yellow.

Body dull black, red hairs back of head. Below, the thorax
covered with long black hairs, abdomen red, with yellow along
middle ; legs and palpi red ; antennas, brown above, reddish be-
low; club reddish, with a little black at tip.

Female. Expands 1.7 inch. Same color as male, and

^ %^ T"""^ ^r

,<«.---*-* 5 7_o,„.~.^

T^:

marked in a similar manner, only the submarginal lunules of hind
wings are decidedly yellow, are larger in proportion, and are
deeply excavated.

From I 5 I 5 taken at Mt. Hood, Oreg. Several years ago
I received three males of this species from Hayden Expedition
in Idaho, but they were so rubbed and damaged that I could
make no accurate description of them. I submitted them to Mr.
Henry Edwards, and one of them still has his label on the pin
with the expressed opinion that it is a new species.

Melitaea colon.

Male. Expands 2 inches.
Near to CJialcedon, Bois. Upper side black, dusted yellow at
base of primaries, spotted with yellow-buff and red. Costal edge
of primaries red, all red deep ; both wings have a marginal border
of red spots, largest next apex of primaries, and diminishing reg-
ularly to inner angle. The spots of secondaries small, even-sized,
sometimes wholly wanting ; followed on primaries by a row of
minute spots, mixed red and yellow ; on secondaries by a row of
small yellow spots,, sometimes more or less wanting. The third
row on primaries is sinuous, and made up of small yellow spots,
nearly even. The fourth row is also sinuous, not quite parallel
to third]; approaching it on mid-wing, red, except the spot on
costa and the one in sub-median interspace which are yellow or
mixed ; at end of cell without are three small spots, mixed ; in
cell a transverse bar and a patch near base, both yellow. Red
scales between and outside these spots; a yellow patch below cell.
On secondaries the third row is obsolete, a few red or yellow scales
indicating the position of some of the missing spots. The fourth
row crosses the disk, yellow ; on basal area, either four or five yel-
low spots, according as the two in cell are confluent or not ;
fringes, buff, black at ends of nervules.

Under side of primaries, bright red from base to margin.
The second row of spots represented by yellow lunules on anter-
ior half of the wing, each edged-posteriorly by black. The yellow
spots of third row are repeated. The yellow spots in and below
cell indicated by a lighter shade of red, and edged on one or both
sides by black.

Secondaries still darker red ; the marginal band red ; then
yellow lunules edged above and below with black ; then a red
band, not made up of confluent lunules, but a nearly even band,
with no yellow, and crossing from margin to margin ; next a
yellow discal band, as broad as the red one, just preceding, cut
unequally, and near the posterior edge by a black line ; also,
edged black on basal side ; basal area red, with five yellow spots,
the red ground posterior to the spots and also along inner mar-
gin forming bands about as wide as the yellow discal band;
shoulder yellow.

o3

46

Body above black, deep red hairs on thorax. Under side of
thorax covered with long yellow and grey hairs ; abdomen red,
yellow along middle ; legs and palpi deep red ; antennae red-
brown above, red below ; club dull red above, with some black,
red below.

Female. Expands 2.3 inches,

Upper side black, marked like the male ; the spots generally
larger. Under side like the male in color. Primaries have the
submarginal lunules entirely across the wing, narrow, and deeply
excavated. The spots of third row edged black on basal side.
Secondaries have the sub-marginal spots almost lanceolate, high,
narrow, and deeply excavated, edged above and parted by black.

Form 3^2? taken at Mt. Hood, Oreg. This species may
be at once distinguished from CJialccdon by the second red band
on secondaries, which is here unbroken, not lunular, and is with-
out yellow. In CJialccdon this row is made up of red spots,
larger or smaller, on black ground, usually more or less edged
yellow. The females of CJialccdon usually have a yellow central
point to the red spot ; sometimes the ground is yellow on black,
and on this the red spot. I have seen the red belt of Colon in no
California CJialccdon. Also in Colon the submarginal yellow lun-
ules on secondaries are of quite another shape from CJialccdon,
more lanceolate, more deeply excavated. Mr. Morrison took no
CJialcedon, but many Colon at Mt. Hood. I have not seen it from
any other locality.

Pyrgus philetas.

Female. Expands 1.2 inch.

Upper side of primaries pale black, of secondaries brown ;
marked with white much as in P. tcsscllata; the spots smaller;
both wings have two parallel rows of dots along the hind margins.
Primaries a bent row of spots across the disk ; a spot in cell near
arc, two or three below cell, and white dashes along costal mar-
gin. Secondaries have a discal row of obsolescent spots, mere
streaks ; fringes of primaries, alternately white and pale black ;
of secondaries, wholly white.

Under side of primaries, olive-brown on disk, paler towards
hind margin; base and basal part of costa whitish ; the spots re-
peated, enlarged. Secondaries white with yellow tint ; no discal
band as in tcsscllata, the disk and basal area being white, with
a few brown dots and streaks, of which three dots on costal margin
are most distinct ; two streaks across cell ; beyond disk are three
rows of small or minute spots, the two outer ones correspond-
ing in position to the marginal spots of upper side ; these are
white, lunular, indistinct, and over them the ground is somewhat
dusky; the third, or innermost row consists of brown dots only,
at anal angle a dusky patch.

From a single example received in 1879 from the late Mr.

47

Jacob Boll, and taken by him in Western Texas, on one of his
last expeditions. The under side of secondaries is quite un-
like any described American species.

COPAEODES EUNUS.

Male. Expands i inch.

Upper side light honey-yellow, the hind wings slightly edged
fuscous, as also costa of primaries : the ends of all nervules on
primaries black for a little distance ; costal margin of secondaries
dark brown ; on primaries a black streak from base for a little
way along sub-costal, and behind cell a black oblique streak from
origin of upper branch of median across the two median inter-
spaces ; fringes, color of wings.

Under side of primaries on disk lighter than above, but to-
wards the hind margin and apex, yellowish, with brown edging to
all nervules nearly up to end of cell, rather broad next hind
margin and narrowing gradually, costa edged brown. Second-
aries yellow, much sprinkled with black scales which largely follow
the nervules and branches, but leave a clear yellow space from
base through cell to hind margin, and another from base below
cell to margin.

From a single male, taken at Mt. Hood. A quite distinct form.

Pamphila siris.

Male. Expands 1.15 inch.

Upper side dark brown over whole of secondaries, apex,
and hind margin back to cell and stigma of primaries. The rest of
primaries fulvous ; three fulvous spots in sub-costal interspaces,
and an oblique row of three fulvous spots along the top of dis-
coidal and median interspaces ; stigma narrow, sinuous, with a deep
brown patch behind ; inner margin a little fulvous from base
nearly to inner angle ; on disk of secondaries, a curved narrow
band, not distinct, except on mid-wing, color dull fulvous ; also,
a spot nearer base, indistinct. Fringes cinereous, a little fulvous
near inner angle of secondaries.

Under side of primaries brown, dusted with fulvous, and dull
fulvous where the upper side was bright ; black at base ; the
spots repeated and more yellow, and the oblique line has a fourth
spot ; secondaries brown, still more thickly dusted with fulvous
scales ; a yellow row of spots on disk nearly parallel to costal
and hind margins, and a long spot in cell.

Female. Expands 1.28 ; color of male, but with no fulvous ;
the spots distinct, clear fulvous, in the oblique line four; a long
irregular patch on centerpart of cell ; the row on secondaries more
distinct. Under side deeper fulvous, almost cinnamon.

From 3 <^ 3 2 taken at Mount Hood, where it seems to re-
place P. Mystic, the nearest allied species,

Pamphila mardon.

Male. Expands i inch.

48

Upper side obscure yellow-fulvous, dusky along hind margin
of primaries nearly to cell ; three indistinct fulvous spots in sub-
costal interspaces, and others behind cell, but scarcely distin-
guishable, in some examples obsolete ; stigma rather broad, sin-
uous, narrowly bordered behind with dull black ; secondaries
either immaculate or with an obscure fulvous discal band ; fringes
pale fuscous on primaries, somewhat yellowish on secondaries.

Under side pale ferruginous over secondaries and disk, hind
margin and apex of primaries ; the inner margin dusky, the base
black ; the costal spots repeated, two minute spots below these
nearer hind margin, and three in oblique row below cell ; all
these pale fulvous. Secondaries have a discal band of pale ful-
vous starting on middle of costal margin and curving nearly with
the outline of the wing to submedian ; a patch on cell.

Female. Expands i.i inch.
Upper side color of male, the spots larger and distinct, pale
fulvous ; a fulvous dash within cell near extremity ; under side
paler than in male, the spots more yellowish.

From 3^3? taken at Mt. Hood.

In my Catalogue this species would stand next Agricola.
Bois. It is of broader and less produced forewing, duller color,
and without a dusky patch between ends of stigma and apex.

NEW SPECIES OF DICOPIS, CHYTQNIX AND SPRAGUEIA.

By a. R. Grote.

DiCOPIS DEPILIS. n. s,

? . Smooth, dark grey in color, recalling Eiitolype Rolandi,
but without the metallic tuft of scales on the thorax behind which
separates Etttolype from Dicopis. Interior line fine, black, pro-
jected opposite the claviform spot. Claviform with a tinge of
yellowish, moderate, somewhat rounded and incompletely ringed
with black. Orbicular, spherical, concolorous gray, with a paler
ring edging the faint annulus within, Reniform similar, very
large, medially constricted. Outer line fine, irregular, waved,
much removed outwardly. There is a flecking of yellowish out-
side of the fine sub-terminal line, which runs very close to the
outer median line, at internal angle. Hind wings whitish, with
gray shaded edging and fringes ; beneath with dot and line.
Head and thorax dark gray. Size of Miiralis, or perhaps a little
larger and seemingly stouter. Columbus, Ohio.

The described species of Dicopis are becoming more numerous.
Excluding Prof. French's Dicopis Vitis, which does not belong here,
and is a synonym of Mamestra Distincta, we have five species. I
have seen the type oi Elect His \ it seemed to me near to Muralis.

Thaxteriamis is distinguishable by the brownish primaries.

49

and their long oblique exterior margin, as well as by ornamenta-
tion ; it is very distinct from the other species. Damalis, from Cali-
fornia may be known by its blue-grey color. Finally, I have a
female specimen from Texas, collected by Belfrage, which comes
near to Depilis, but may prove a distinct species ; it is numbered
" 697." Eiitolype Rolandi, has in both sexes the metallic thor-
acic tuft, unusual in the moths, and analogous to that found in
Tolype and Eiidryas. Our species of Dicopis are as follows ; Mti-
raiis, Electilis, Thaxteriamis, Damalis, Depilis and possibly an
undescribed species from Texas.
Chytonix sensilis, n. s.

? . Larger than laspis and much darker. Eyes naked ; thor-
ax covered with flattened scales; abdomen strongly tufted.
Brownish fuscous, with a reddish stain over the subterminal line.
Stigmata a little paler than the wing, the reniform medially con-
stricted, enclosing a black shade, separated into an upper and
lower spot. Lines black, uneven, rather wide apart. T. p. line
running outwardly below costal edge, thence downwardly and
outwardly obliquely to over median nervules, with a slight inden-
tation opposite the cell. Below vein 3 it runs a little inwardly
and thence straightly to internal margin. Attached to it on the
submedian fold is an elongate, squarish, pure white spot. Sub-
terminal line uneven, toothed over median nervules. Hind wings,
blackish fuscous. Beneath paler, with a continuous dark, extra
mesial line and shade; on forewincrs the slight discal mark is sur-
mounted by a dark costal shade spot. Discal spot on sec-
ondaries a small annulus. Expanse 31 mil. Massachusetts, in Mr.
Thaxter's collection. I also saw a specimen determined as " ias-
pis'' in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History.
I mention this because this erroneous determination is probably
still more widely spread. Guenee's Apamea laspis, the type of
Chytonix, is related, however, to Jaspidea {BryopJiila). Indeed,
it may be only a variety of his BryopJdla PalUatricula. Both
have a black sub-median dash across the median space, and the
vague white shading over median space above in PalUatricula ab-
sorbs the small white dot of laspis. I have referred both species
to Chytonix elsewhere. In the present form the white spot is more
elongate. The color is more reddish brown and the insect faintly
resembles Dryobota Stigmata. The ground color of Sensilis is a
somewhat pale, brownish fuscous, shaded with darker at the base
and on the median space inferiorly. In the disposition of the
darker shades there is a parity with laspis and PalUatricula, but
there is a red-brown tone wanting in its allies, while the insect is
darker and larger. The t. p. line is not so rounded opposite the
cell, the inner line not so oblique, waved, with a sub-median in-
dentation ; the lines do not appear so widely separate in sensilis
as in its allies.

50

That our determination of laspis admits of no doubt, follows
from Guenee's description. He calls the color " very pale testa-
ceous grey," and the body "slender." The rest of his description
falls in with our specimens, of which I took several males in the
vicinity of Buffalo in July. In arranging our Noctuidge I saw at
once that Guenee's Apamea laspis could not remain in the same
genus with his other species, which are mainly Hadenas, and I made
it the type of a new genus. Only later I saw its affinity with
Guenee's Bryophila Palliatricula, although so widely separated
by him, and I divided it on the character of mixed and flattened
scales on the thorax. I believe the genus containing laspis, Pal-
liatricula, (if these two are distinct) and Scnsilis should be placed
next to Bryophila, but until the European species are all com-
pared its exact value cannot be ascertained. The species are
more robust and have a somewhat Hadeniform appearance. They
all have a white spot attached to the t. p. line, while it is lost in
the white shading of the median space in Palliatricida.

Spragueia pardalis. n. s.

Allied to Dania, by the orange fringes, which are flecked with
black opposite the cell. Fore wings black, with a large, pale yel-
low oblique costal patch before the t. a. line ; another on the
median space enclosing a dark dot, and a smaller spot before the
apex. Median lines broad, orange, only marked on the lower
half of the wing. Hind wings blackish. The outer smaller pale
spot on centre of primaries surmounts a little patch of orange
and then some brown-black scales. These deep brown-black
scales obtain below the larger median pale costal patch and cover
the upper extremity of the outer median orange line. Front
smooth, bulged. Collar edged with orange. Head behind, orange.
Tegulae orange within ; the shoulders blue-black. Abdomen black-
ish, finely annulate with pale. Beneath, the body is pale yellow.
Expanse 17 mil. Florida, several specimens collected by Mr. Roland
Thaxter.

This species is more black than any of the others and is eas-
ily recognized by the pale white costal spots extending to the
middle of the wing. For a discussion of the structure of Sprag-
ueia and allied North American genera I refer the student to a
paper published in the Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XI, p. 231.

ON SOME APPARENTLY NEW FORMS OF DIURNAL
LEPIDOPTERA.

By Henry Edwards.

• Anthocaris coloradensis. n. sp. (?)

I have long had in my possession a ^ example of Anthocaris,
which appears to be distinct from any known form, but I hesi-
tated to describe it until more material might present itself.

51

From Dr. Bailey of Albany, I now receive a ? exactly agreeing
with my specimen, and I have also seen other examples in the
collection of Messrs. Neumoegen and Mead. I therefore offer
a description under the above name. Compared with A. auson-
iedcs, Bois. of which it is possibly a variety — it has the apices
more rounded, and the wings, both primaries and secondaries,
broader, though the average size of the insect is a little less. The
broken patch at the apex of the fore wings, is, in the present
form, deep velvety black, flecked with greenish scales, while in
A. aiisoniedes it is olivaceous, with yellowish scales. The patch is
also more compact, less divided by the white ground color of the
wings, the apex being therefore almost wholly black, with the
exception of a roundish spot, costally, and a couple of dashes mar-
ginally, of the white ground color. On the under side, the mar-
bled pattern of the secondaries is more extended over the whole
surface of the wing, thus more closely approaching the design of
A. Crensa, and A. Hyantis.

The present form appears to bear the same relations to A.
aiisoniedes that A. Belia does to A. aiisonia of Europe. The speci-
mens I have examined (4^3 ?) were all taken in Colorado.

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards. Dr. Jas. A. Bailey.

COENONYMPHA CALIFORNICA. Doub. n. V2,X.pulla.

Entirely of a dark fawn color, with a leaden tint on the up-
per surface, and a blackish cloud at the base of primaries, as in
the var. galactinns. The markings of the under side are invisible,
when viewed from above. Beneath, dull brown, with a reddish
tint on the discal region of'the primaries, the markings very indis-
tinct, being lost in the prevailing dark color.

I ^ San Mateo, Co., Cal.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Melit.ea DWINELLEI. n. var.

Most of the California species of il/<?/2V<;ert: are prone to extreme
variations, and none more so than the most beautiful of all, J/.
cJialcedon. I have before me examples of a form, however, which
is so remote from the typical specimens, and so constant in its
characters, as to deserve a name. I have desired to link with it
the memory of an esteemed friend, now passed away, viz: Mr.
Herman Dwindle, one of the most promising young entomolo-
gists of the Pacific coast, whose early death was a loss to science.
The specimens of this butterfly were taken by Mr. Dwinelle at
the McCloud fishing station, Shasta Co., Cal., and it is worthy of
remark, that no examples of Chalcedon agreeing with the form
common throughout the valleys of California, were found among
the insects taken in the above locality. My examples are 4^.3?

Primaries very much suffused with red, which color predom-
inates over the discal portion, and toward the apices, almost ob-
scuring the usual white spots, or rendering them a sordid, dull

52

orange color. The secondaries have the marginal row of red
spots clearly defined, but the sub-marginal row of white lunulas,
so strongly characteristic of M. CJialcedon^ is here wholly absent,
or reduced to a single row of small, white sub-ovate patches, thus
leaving a broad, black field between the xTiargin and the median
band. Beneath, the upper wings are reddish over the whole sur-
face as in M. Chalcedon, but the lower have a much larger space
of yellowish v/hite toward the base, the whole of the red band
and blotches being more broadly edged with black.

MelitvEA baroni. n. sp. (?)

Allied to M. Quino BeJir. of which it may be a variety. The
lower side is characterised by an intense reddish color over the
whole surface, sometimes attended by great suffusion, while the
black lines usually found above and below the reddish maculate
bands, are either wholly wanting, or very faintly defined, and ex-
cept in the space surrounding the central patches of the superiors,
there is no black to be seen. I have examined about 40 examples
of this form from Mendocino Co., Cal„ all with this peculiar sys-
tem of coloration, and I have found these characters constant in
every specimen, while the typical form of M. Qnino. which M.
Baroni resembles so closely on the upper side, has all the mark,
ings of the lower, broadly and conspicuously edged with black.
It will be found quite an easy matter to se parate these two species-

Melit^a rubicunda, n. van

This is also, probably, another departure from the type oi AT.
Quino, and may be its mountain form. In shape it is like M.
Quino, and there is scarcely any appreciable difference on the
lower side, but above the coloration is different. In M. Quino,
black abounds, and overshadows both white and red. In this
form red is the prevailing tint, and the submarginal bands of
the secondaries are simply bands of red, cut by the nervules as in
M. Quino, consisting of rows of spots. There is also a greater
proportion of white about the base of the secondaries. My speci-
mens, (18 in number) all agree in these characters. They are all
from the Sierra Nevada, at an elevation of from 2500 feet to 7000
feet, while the typical M Quino is found nearer the sea level.
M. rubicunda approaches somewhat closely to M. nubi.^cna, Beh'r.
It is doubtless so named in many collections, but it is not so en-
tirely suffused with red, as the latter species, while the wings are
broader, with the apices more rounded.

Melit/EA anicia. Doubl.

This species may be known by its narrow wings, with very
pointed apices, as well as by the large proportion of white on the
upper surface, and the almost utter obliteration of the red sub-
marginal maculate band of secondaries. A strongly marked va-
riety is occasionally found which I designate as

Melit.'EA wheeleri. n. var.

It is wholly of a pale red ground color on the upper surface,
except the base of secondaries, which are cream white. The
markings are as usual, but with very little black.

2^1?. Southern Nevada. Wheeler Expd'n.

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Thecla citima. n. var.

A peculiar form of T. crysahis, Edw., in which the orange
blotches at the inner angle of the primaries, and the anal angle
of secondaries are all obsolete, or at best, very faintly indicated,
The whole of the upper surface, therefore, being purple and black.
The ground color of the underside is ash grey, instead of fawn
color, and the markings are all much less pronounced than in T.
crysahis, the orange points of both primaries and secondaries
being almost wanting.

I ?. Mt. Nebo. Utah. Mr. J. D. Putnam.

I ? . S. W. Colorado. H. K. Morrison.

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards. B. Neumoegen.

Thecla spadix. n. sp.

Size of T. Putnami, and allied to that species. Upper side,
dull mouse color, darkest at the base, with a large chestnut shade
on primaries, and entirely without other markings. Beneath, the
usual bands on primaries are utterly obliterated. On the second-
aries is a very faint sub-median band irregularly broken, and an
equally faint discal spot. The marginal band is also indistinct.
The lunules of the anal angle are dull brown, enclosing 3 patches
of black and white scales. There is no trace of either yellow or
blue. The abdominal hairs are grayish white.

Exp. wings, 1. 00 inch.

2 ? . Tehachepi Pass. S. California. R. H. Stretch.

Thecla nelsonl Bdv. n. van exolcta

1 distinguish under this name a form of T. Nelsoni, in which
the whole of the lower surface is dull chestnut brown, with the
marginal lunules of the secondaries exceedingly indistinct. The
narrow white median band of secondaries, and the sub-marginal
band of primaries are entirely wanting. In all other respects it
resembles the typical form.

2 ? . Big Trees, Calaveras Co., Cal.
Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards.
Thecla muiri. Hy. Edw. n. sp.

Allied to T. Nclsoni, Bdv., but undoubtedly distinct. It is
smaller, with the apices of the wing not much produced. The
general color is darker than that of T. Nelsoni, and the fringes
are concolorous with the wings, instead of white. Beneath, on
primaries, is a very distinct, sub-marginal white band, perfectly
straight, and not curved from the costa, as in T. Nelsoni. It is
also placed very much closer to the margin of the wing. The
secondaries are blackish brown and not chestnut, as in T. Nelsoni,

54

and the sub-marginal band of white spots is more distinctly ang-
ular about the middle. It is also edged interiorly with a deep
brown shade. Outside of this band, a purplish tint encloses the
lunules, which are slate color, edged above with a few orange
sc.des.

Exp. wings. 0.85 inch.

I ^ I ?. Mendocino Co., Cal.

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

I have named this exquisite little species after my friend,
John Muir, so well known for his researches into the geology of
the Sierra Nevada, who has frequently added rare and interest-
ing species to my collection.

Thecla IRUS. n. van Mossii. Hy. Edw.

Upper surface entirely bright chestnut brown, a little clouded
with dusky at the apices, and on the extreme margins. Fringes
wholly white, and not alternately brown and white, as in T. Irns,
and the varieties Henrici and Arsacc. Tails wanting. Under
side, primaries reddish-brown, darkest at the base, and brightest
at the margin. From costa entirely across the wing is a sinuous
white band, bent outwardly at the middle, and edged above by a
deep chestnut brown shade. The secondaries have the base deep
blackish-brown of uniform color, above the usual sinuous band,
which is narrow, whitish, with a very large and sharp angle at the
median nerve. The marginal spots are large, distinct, bright
chestnut brown, 6 in number, each surmounted by a small black
lunule.

Exp. wings. 0.80 inch.

I $ . Esquimau, Vancouver Island. Dr. Moss.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

I have for the present regarded this as a variety of T. Irns,
but it is quite possible that it is a distinct species; the uniform
deep brown base of secondaries giving it a most peculiar appear-
ance. It is at any rate farther removed from the typical T. Irics,
than either Arsace or Henrici.

Thecla tacita, n. sp.

Allied to T. adcnostoinatis, Hy. Edw. Upper surface wholly
pale plumbeous, a little darker at the margin, discal patch and
the nervules also deeper in shade, and very distinctly marked.
Tails of secondaries very small, linear, edged with white. Near
the anal angle is a small and faint ochraceous shade; fringes of both
wings sordid white ; lower side paler than the upper, with very
faint submarginal line of blackish lunules, and a median curved
line of ovate spots equally faint ; there is a black spot on the
fringe at the extreme anal angle, followed by a patch of bluish
scales, and a very pale yellowish triangular spot, narrowly edged
with black ; the whole of the markings are indistinct.

Head with white line at base of the eyes, and two small

55

white dots at the insertion of the antennae. Thorax and abdo-
men concolorous with the wings, the latter paler beneath. Tarsi
ringed with white ; hairs at base of legs bluish. Antennae with
white rings, club black, with the apex dull orange.

Exp. wings i.oo inch, i S .

Mendocino Co., Cal. Mr. O. Baron.

Type. Coll. W. H. Edwards.

Lyc/Ena speciosa, Hy. Edw.

I had the pleasure of describing the S of this beautiful little
species in the Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc, Dec. 1876, but as that publi-
cation may not be accessible to the readers of Papilio, I copy
the original description, and through the kindness of Mr. W. H.
Edwards, am enabled to add that of the ? also, two specimens
{S ? ) of this apparently rare butterfly having recently been taken
in S. California by Mr. H. K. Morrison.

S " Pale silvery blue, somewhat the color of L. nielissa, Edw.,
with the extreme margins black. Fringes, very broad, clear white,
cut very distinctly by black at the ends of the nervules. Under-
side, pale silvery gray, with a very minute round black spot on
the costa, and a series of five round sub-marginal and one oblong
central spots arranged almost in circular form on the disc. There
is also a distinct oblong discal spot, and a smaller round one on
the internal margin. The whole of the spots on the primaries are
comparatively large, very distinct, and jet black, without white
margins. The secondaries have one basal dot, a minute discal
point and a sub-marginal row of seven small black spots, also
without white margins. Fringes, as in the upper side. Antenna;,
with the club unusually large, and the shaft distinctly annulated
with white. Thorax and abdomen, blackish above, silvery be-
neath.

Exp. of wings, 0.70 inches.

Havilah, Kern County, R. H. Stretch, (i <5 Coll. Hy. Edw.)

I should have hesitated to describe this exquisite specie
from a single specimen, but the peculiar arrangement of the
spots on the lower side of the primaries, its extremely small size,
and the broad and distinctly black and white fringes serve abun-
dantly to distinguish it from any other form with which I am ac-
quainted." Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc. 1876.

? Upper surface, dull smoky black, with the fringes white,
alternated with black, and some bluish scales at base of wings, and
sides of thorax and abdomen. Under side, pale silvery grey,
with brownish irrorations, internal margin of primaries broadly
blackish. The spots on the forewings are unusually large and
very clearly defined.

I think this .«pecies should be placed near to Lye. Regia, Bois.

56

NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF A FEW LEPIDOPTEROUS

LARV^.
By D. W. Coquillett.

Chamyris CERINTHA, Triet. — Body nearly naked, a purple
dorsal stripe, next to this is a pinkish line, below which is a broad
greenish stripe ; i6 legs, head gray, length 28 mm. Feeds on ap-
ple. One of these caterpillars assumed the chrysalis form on
the 9th day of August, producing the imago May 28, of the
following year.

Apatela BRUMOSA, Guenee. — Body black, marked with a
broad yellowish-brown stigmatal stripe ; hair in spreading clusters
from warts, that upon each end of the body being yellow, the
rest white ; 16 legs, head black ; length 38 mm. Feeds on plum
and hazel ; spins a thin tough cocoon. Two of these caterpillars
assumed the chrysalis form in September, propucing the imagos
in the last week in April and first week in May of the following
year.

Heliothis LUTEITINCTUS, Grote. — Body naked, light green,
a dark dorsal line, on each side of the body are two white lines,
16 legs, head green; length 30 mm. One specimen taken on
grass assumed the chrysalis form July 14, producing the imago
on the 5th of the following month.

SCOLIOPTERYX LIBATRIX, Linn. — Body very slender, green,
with a white line on each side, 16 legs ; length 40 mm. Feeds on
willow. One specimen spun its cocoon August 23, producing the
imago on the 7th of the following month.

Catocala COCCINATA, Grote. — Body dark gray, a curved
fleshy projection on top of segment 8 ; segment 1 1 slightly
raised, with two tubercles on the top ; a row of small prickles
on the dorsal space, 16 legs, a black spot beneath each of the
segments which bear the four pairs of abdominal legs, head gray,
bordered with black ; length 62 mm. Feeds on oak. One speci-
men spun its cocoon June 6, producing the imago the 30th of the
same month.

Caterva CATENARIA, Drury. — Body very pale yellowish, or
greenish white, sub-dorsal and stigmatal space marked with four
black lines; on each side of segments from 4 to 1 1 are two black
spots between which is a whitish tubercle tipped with black; first
segment yellowish, marked with about 12 black dots; venter,
pale yellow, marked with six wavy black lines; 10 legs, head
large, pale greenish yellow, marked on each side with about 6
black dots, length 38 mm. Feeds on hazel. Several specimens
taken July 14 spun their cocoons about August 18, producing
the imagos September 11.

EUPITHECIA interruptofasciata, Packard.— Body green-
ish or yellowish, a brownish dorsal and sub-dorsal line, the latter

57

sometimes obsolete, the dorsal line sometimes interrupted by a
row of brownish spots ; a brownish or yellowish line below the
spiracles ; venter greenish, with a light or yellowish line in the
middle ; lo legs ; head brown or greenish, sometimes marked with
about four vertical brown dashes; length 15 mm. Feeds on
clover. Found from June to September.

NOTES ON CATOCALA SAPPHO, STRECKER.

By G. H. French, Carbondale, III.

Mr. Strecker, in noticing this beautiful species (part 1 1 of his
Lep. Rhop. et Het.) intimates that he hesitated as to the propriety
of describing it as a species, as he thought it might prove to be
but a variety of Agrippina. Mr. G. D. Hulst, in commenting on
the species in his " Catalogue of the Catocalae of North America,
with Notes," (No. 2, vol. 3, of Bulletin, Brooklyn Ent. Soc.) says,
"We incline very strongly to the opinion suggested by Mr.
Strecker when he described it, that this very charming insect is
but an extreme variety of Agrippina^

I can see why the namer of the species should hesitate when
he already had a form of Agrippina with primaries suffused with
white, and before him, perhaps, only a single specimen of Sap-
pho; but my observations do not confirm his fears. As this is
a very rare insect, and as I have been so fortunate as to capture
two specimens, I will give briefly my reasons for believing it to
be distinct from the allied form Agrippina. First. I do not know
that Agrippina has ever been found in this State. I have hunted
this region thoroughly, taking over forty different species of Cat-
ocala, and have never found it. Besides this, I have by consider-
able research and correspondence, been making a list of the Cat-
ocalae of Illinois, and I do not find that any one else has taken
that species here.

The two specimens of Sappho above referred to, are as nearly
alike as two specimens of Desperata or any other well marked
species, the primaries having the two black patches extending
from the costa, well defined; these and all the other marks agree-
ing with the figure accompanying Mr. Strecker's description.
To find so well marked a form in such widely separated local-
ities as Texas, Georgia and Illinois, all the examples agreeing
with each other, and with no intergrades is in my mind, strong
proof of its specific value. Cara, Laclirymosa and others have
their well marked varieties, but in the extreme forms they usually
vary somewhat, while the intergrades are more common than the
extreme varieties. For these reasons, I am of the opinion that
Sappho is a good species.

y

58

NEW NOCTUID^ FROM WASHINGTON TERRITORY.

By a. R. Gkote.

The following species are among the collection made by
Mr. Morrison last season in Washington Territory:

Mamestra Liquida, n. s.

$ ? . Eyes hairy ; abdomen untufted or but very slightly so
at base. Allied to Lilacina Lcgithna. Forewings brown with
the subterminal space widely shaded with bright lilac gray, the
internal margin similarly shaded and also the t. a. line. The
costal region of the subterminal interspace is left brown and the
light gray shade passes over to apices. The s. t. line itself is
pale, distinct, yellowish with the M-mark well indicated, thus dis-
tinguishing the moth from Lilacina ; I find, however, that in
Legitima the M-mark is variably distinct. Claviform spot out-
lined in velvety black ; a blackish mark above and below vein 2
on t. p. line ; vein 2 is marked by whitish scales. The median
field is tinted with reddish which stains the reniform and extends
beyond it. Orbicular, oval, a little oblique, gray with dark centre.
Terminal space dark brown ; a dark shade relieves the s. t. line on
the inside. Fringes dark, cut with pale. Hind wings yellowish
fuscous, with diffuse darker terminal shade ; fringes concolorous.
Beneath, the four wings show discal points while the lines are
obsolete. Expanse 37 mil.

This species presents the same pattern as Legitima, the
transverse lines are similar. It is not so red, and in the orbicular
approaches rather IMacina, while distinct in detail from either.

Valeria? Conserta, n. s.

?. Eyes naked ; tibiae unarmed. Abdomen tufted; vestiture
coarse ; thorax untufted. Blackish gray. Fore wings suffused
with black. Lines black, thick, lost in blackish ground color.
Base whitish gray. Inception of transverse anterior line distinct ;
the line shows an inward subcostal tooth. Stigmata obsolete.
Terminal space gray with a terminal series of black dots at base
of fringes. Hind wings soiled with blackish; beneath with a
dotted extra mesial line and a discal mark. Collar white at base
with a black line. Thorax blackish with the edge of the collar
and the tip of the patagia shaded with gray. Abdominal tufts
blackish. Expanse 34 mil.

From the structure of the thorax I am doubtful of the
generic references. The species is so easily recognized that I de-
scribe it, and without recognizing the male.

Hadena SEMILUNATA. n. s.

Eyes naked; tibiae unarmed. Thorax hairy, (the specimens
are not well enough preserved to show the tufts.) The species
has somewhat the look of an Anarta {Syjnpistis). Fore-wings
blackish, with the lines edged with white. Orbicular oblique.

39

elongate, edged broadly with white, with dark centre. Reniform
upright, kidney shaped, blackish, with fine white annulus. T. p.
line angulate opposite the cell. Sub-terminal line white, with a
small W mark between veins 3 and 4. Hind wings yellow, with
black borders and a well marked discal lunule ; costal margin
soiled, as are the veins. Beneath yellowish, with the four lun-
ules evident. Fringes of primaries blackish, neatly cut with pale
opposite the veins. Expanse 28 mil.

The white lines on the primaries contrast, and there is a
whitish shade on median field between the sub-median fold and
median vein. The species resembles as little our Eastern Had-
cua inordinata.

The collections from Washington Tenitory contain many
species originally described from California and Vancouver Island
Since Mr. Morrison has sent me two of these as new species, I
make here a partial list of these forms, so that the attention of
those interested may be called to the matter. It seems to me
probable that Hadena cyinosa from Washington Territory is only
a dark form of Hadena castanca from California.

Mamestra cuneata, Xylomiges crucialis,

" cinnabarina, Deva palligera,

Hadena indirecta, Behrensia conchiformis,

" divesta, Plusia labrosa,

" curvata, Actinotia Stewarti.

" semilunata. '

ON PAPILIO ECCLIPSIS LINN.
By Arthur G. Butler.

In part 3 of Papilio, Dr. Hagen calls attention to this species
as one requiring identification, and suggests that it may be an
insect (allied to Meganostoma cesonia) which remains to be dis-
covered. If Dr. Hagen will turn to p. 226 of my " Catalogue of
Diurnal Lepidoptera, described by Fabricius," he will find the
following note respecting it. " P. ecclipsis, even in Petiver s fig-
ure, looks like a manufactured insect, and two cleverly painted
specimens in the Linnean cabinet prove it to be so. Petiver de-
scribed it as " Pap. sulphureus, lunulis caeruleis," etc. and placed it
among his animals of Europe in the index to his work. Linneus,
however, gave the locality" in America septemtrionali."

The specimens in question are stippled with thick body-color,
and seen without a lens, might easily have deceived the older
authors. In Petiver's collection there is nothing which at all re-
sembles his figure ; he has however a specimen of G. Rhamni,
which may be the type of P. ecclipsis, washed clean, but it is
quite possible that one of the specimens in the Linnean cabinet
is Petiver's type.

British Museum, March 30, 1881.

6o

NOTES ON THE PACIFIC COAST SPECIES OF ORGYIA,
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF LARV^^ AND NEW FORMS.

By Henry Edwards.

Four species of the genus Orgyia, are known by me to exist
in California and the adjacent states, two of which appear to be
as yet unknown to science, though one of them stands in such
puzzHng relationsliip to an aUied form, that it is almost impossi-
ble to assign its true position as a species. The remarkable dif-
ference in the larval stage (which appears to be constant in both
instances), is our only reliable guide as to the specific value of
either, and a reference must be made to the early conditions of
both insects, by those who wish for a perfect understanding of
their relations to each other. The food plant is different in these
two forms, and one {O. vdusta) is extremely rare where the
other {O. gulosa) is found in abundance, \w\\\\q O. giilosa is not
met with at all in the district in which O. vetiista is common. It
is possible that both of these forms were known to Boisduval,
and it is difficult to state positively which he intended to describe
as O. vetrista, but a specimen which I had the opportunity to
examine in the collection of Mr. Lorquin, of San Francisco, (by
whose father most of the Lepidoptera of California, described by
Dr. Boisduval had been collected), was decidedly belonging to
the larger and more frequent form, and it is from this standpoint
that the present paper is written.

I append descriptions of the larva as well as of the imago, of
both of these closely allied form?.

Orgyia vetusta. Bois.

Larva. Full groivn.

Ground color, velvety black. Head black, rather shining
with a yellow line in front ; mouth parts bright yellow. From
the second segment spring two bundles of long black hairs, as in
all the species of the genus. . The space between these is bright
Vermillion red ; at the base of each segment is a series of 4 or 6
orange yellow dots, extended also to the sides; 3rd and anterior
part of 4th more broadly and distinctly patched with orange.
From the dorsum of 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th spring bundles of long
silky hairs, whitish drab at their base, chestnut towards their tips.
Along the lateral region is a double row of bright red tubercles,
and' on the 3rd, 4th, 10th, nth and 12th, these extend across the
body, 6 tubercles appearing on each segment. Out of these
spring a series of long yellowish white hairs, sparsely interspersed
with black, and becoming more decidedly yellow laterally. From
the centre of 12th segment, a bundle of long yellow hairs, tufted
with black ; under side blackish ; feet and pro-legs orange yellow,
with the claws black.

Lenp;th i.oo inch.

6i

Food plant. Lupinus of various species, chiefly L. arbor-
acats, Sims. San Francisco to San Jose, common. Changed to
chrysalis May 26. Imago emerged June 6. Chrysalis. Pitchy
brown shining, with a few short bunches of hairs on sides of mid-
dle segments. The chrysalis is oblong oval, and is enclosed in
a yellowish drab cocoon, closely spun, and composed of the paler
hairs of the larva, with a few black ones intermixed, the paler
ends of these hairs being always nearest the surface. The chry-
salis is indistinctly seen through the web.

Imago.

" Forewings banded with fuscous, paler at the base with white
spot at anal angle; hind wings reddish fuscous." Boisduval,
Lep. de la Calif, p. 28.

The primaries in this species are decidedly a rich brown,
slightly paler at the base, and with a grayish reflection when
viewed obliquely. The white spot on inner angle is very dis-
tinct, and in the centre of the wing is a grayish space reaching
to the costa, and in some specimens very pale and distinct. The
usual lines are all very clearly defined. The secondaries are red-
der than the upper wings, and are concolorous with the abdo-
men.

Exp. wings, I.I 5 inch.

Orgyia gulosa. Hy. Edw. n. sp. (?)

Larva. Full grozun.

Ground color, as in O. vetiista, velvety black. Head jet
black, without the yellow frontal line, and with the mouth parts
dull yellow. 2d segment with the usual complex series of black
hairs. Between them are two dark brick red tubercles. 3d has
two orange central tubercles, and two brick red ones on the
sides. 4th has black central tuft, with two brick red tubercles
on each side of it. 5th, 6th and 7th, have each a white central
tuft, with two brick red tubercles on each side, 8th, 9th, and
loth, each with six brick red tubercles, nth, has a central tuft of
black hairs, directed posteriorly, with two brick red tubercles on
each side. 12th has only two brick red tubercles. Anal segment
black. From the base of all the red tubercles arise bundles of
black and white hairs, almost wholly white on the sides. Between
the 7th and 8th segments are some bright orange dashes, which
marks are also indistinctly seen on the anterior segments.

Length, 0.60 inch.

Food plant. Quercus, of various species.

Contra Costa Co., Cal., abundant, extending through the
foothills of the Coast range as far as Shasta.

Imago.

The differences in the perfect condition of these two forms,
appear to me as follows : O. gulosa is always much smaller than
O. vetusta. The white spot near the inner angle is less distinct,

62

and the lines on the primaries are invariably more clouded and
confused. The ? is also much smaller than that of O. vetusta,
and is brownish instead of smoky gray. I have frequently kept
the larvae of both forms, and have found that O. vetusta would
not feed upon the oak, and O. gulosa would invariably refuse the
lupins. All the species of the genus are ravenous eaters. This
is probably a case in which two distinct species approach each
other very closely in the imago condition.

Exp. of wings, 0.75 inch.

Orgyia cana. Hy. Edw. n. sp.

Allied to O. leucostigma, Sm. Abb. but differing from that
species, by the absence of the white spot on the inner angle, and
by the heavier and less oblique transverse lines on the primaries.
The secondaries are also of a chestnut tint, and not concolorous
as in O. Iciicostigma.

2 S Havilah, California. R. H. Stretch.

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Orgyia badia. Hy. Edw. Proc. Cal. Ac. Sc.

A careful comparison of the examples of this sp. in my col-
lection, leads me to the conclusion that it is the same as O. an-
tigua, L. of Europe and it is more than possible that O. nova.
Fitch, belongs to the same species.

PAPILIO.

Prgan of tl^e ]^ew Jork Entomological piub.

Vol.1.] May 31, 1881. [No. 5.

NOTES ON THE GENUS CLISIOCAMPA, Curtis.

WitA description of New Species.
By R. H. Stretch,

Probably there is no group of Bombycidae inhabiting this
country more worthy of earnest study than the one now under
consideration. In an economical point of view, the agriculturist
and the pomologist are liable to their attacks, while many of our
ornamental trees and shrubs are marked by the depredations of
the caterpillars. Their great abundance in certain seasons, and
their extremely interesting habits, also serve to draw attention to
these insects, while the difificulty which exists in clearly defining
the various species, offers another incentive to the investigations
of entomologists.

In studying the genus, we must depend chiefly on the trans-
formations for the separation of species, and where these are un-
known, not so much on color as on the structure and proportion
of the markings, as the species are very variable and approach
each other closely in the imagines.

The descriptions of some of the earlier stages are now, I be-
lieve, given for the first time. The genus has, undoubtedly been
very properly separated from Gastropacha and from Bombyx,
which latter included insects of different structure and of extreme-
ly different habits. Clisiocampa is thus well defined by Stainton :

Imago.

"Antennae pectinated in the $, ciliated in the ? ; abdomen
of $ rather stout and pointed; wings densely clothed with scales.
Larva gregarious when young, dispersing before becoming full
fed. Pupa enclosed in a cocoon of moderately fine texture, not
transparent, because intermixed with a sulphur colored powder."

64

Clisiocampa, Curtis, Brit. Ent., Vol. 5.

C. Californica, Packard, Proc. Ent. Soc, Phil., vol. 3, p.
387, (1864). Boinbyx pseiidoneustria, Boisduval, Ann. Soc. Ent.^
Belg., vol. 12, p. 82, (1868-9).

Larva. Head black, legs black ; feet on abdominal legs pale
testaceous. Body black, faintly dusted with rusty, which forms
an exceedingly broken and indistinct lateral line, and a more com-
plete double dorsal line. Each segment carries a lateral, trans-
verse, very faint linear dot, above the lateral line. The dorsal and
lateral hairs are all tawny. The general appearance of the larva
is tawny brown. Length about 1.40 inches.

Cocoon. The cocoon is constructed in the crevices of bark
or in the angles of masonry where accessible, and consists of
a loose, white web, in which is suspended the long ovate cocoon
of dense papery consistency, thickened with a yellowish powdery
gum.

This species is exceedingly abundant in the neighborhood of
San Francisco, and is probably widely distributed. In this vici-
nity its favorite food plant is a species of scrubby oak {Q.agrifolia),
but it is sometimes found on the blackberry {Riibiis) and other
shrubby plants. Its depredations do not seem to have extended
to the orchards. The nests may be seen in warm localities as
early as the middle of March, while in those more exposed they
are not seen till the middle of April ; but both these dates are
sufficiently early to protect the orchards. The larvje pupate in
about six weeks from the egg, and the imago appears in about a
fortnight.

The peculiar actions of these larvae would appear to indicate
the possession of organs of hearing. It is most amusing to stand
near one of the nests on which the larvae are clustered, and call
out loudly and sharply. The larvae begin to twitch convulsively,
throwing the head from side to side as if annoyed by the sound ;
and if the sound is repeated, not unfrequently losing their foot-
hold and falling to the ground. I do not remember to have seen
any note of this peculiarity as common to the species found in
the Atlantic States, and mention it to draw attention to what may
prove an easy means of collecting the larvae in orchards when they
become troublesome.

C. FRAGILIS, n. sp.

$ General color, soft chocolate brown. The primaries have
a deep shade of this color at the base. The lines are whitish, and
in strong contrast with the ground color of the wing. The inner
band reaches the inner margin very near to the base, and curves
slightly inward on the costa. The outer band is nearly parallel
with the inner, the space between them being slightly increased
at the costa. Fringes whitish, with dark dashes at the termina-

65

tion of subcostal and median nervules. Secondaries wholly pale
chocolate brown, with no indication of band. Underside pale
brown with a reddish tinge, and with very faint trace of median
band on both wings. Thorax and abdomen somewhat paler than
the base of the primaries. Antennse, dark chocolate brown.
Exp. wings, 0.80 inch.

? Lighter in color, and less opaque than the $ . Head,
thorax, legs and abdomen pale whitish brown ; abdomen palest ;
prothorax and tegulae darkest. Anterior wings pale, lustrous
whitish brown, crossed by a broad dark band of the same color,
but of a deeper shade. The inner edge of this band originates on
the inner edge near the base, and curves round to the costa, which
is reached at the basal two-fifths. The outer edge of the band is
parallel with the outer edge of the wing, and curves outward as it
reaches the costa, being followed outwardly by a narrow pale line.
The band is palest centrally, and broader than the terminal space,
and both its margins are toothed inwardly on the nervules.

Posterior wings concolorous with the band on the primaries,
crossed by a pale median band.

Beneath, the wings are concolorous with the band on the
primaries above, and the only markings are the pale whitish line
outside the band on the primaries, and the median line on the
secondaries, which are both more prominent than above.

3 ^,4 ?

Expanse of tvings, i.io to 1.40 inches. Length of body, 0.40
to 0.50 inches.

Habitat, Virginia City, Nevada (Henry Edwards).

This species is very strongly marked, and readily distinguish-
able from all its congeners by its delicate, fragile appearance, and
the thin lustrous squamation of the wings.

Taken by Mr. Henry Edwards in the early part of July, Mr.
Edwards found, during the same visit to the locality mentioned,
a single larva belonging to this genus feeding on a large species of

sunflower {HeliantJms ), which I have little doubt belongs to

this species. It was smaller than those of C. californica, and more
like that of C. constricta, but abundantly distinct from either. It
came to my hands through the mail in such a condition as not to
admit of a careful description. The only trees growing in the
region from which this species was received, are various species
of willows or conifers.

C. CONSTRICTA, n. sp.

Larva. Head blueish, mottled with black. Body with a
moderately broad, irregular, but continuous bright ochreous dor-
sal stripe bordered with black. Sides blueish white, faintly mot-
tled with black, this color being concentrated into a diffuse lateral
stripe just above the lateral bunches of hairs. From the dorsal
stripe spring dark tawny hairs, directed upwards, with a few black

66

hairs in the black margin of the stripe. Each segment on its an-
terior edge has a lateral bunch of white hairs directed downwards,
and above the feet there is a continuous line of depressed white
hairs. Beneath, the body is smoky. Abdominal legs smoky,
testaceous at tips. Length, 1.25 to 1.50 inches.

Varies in the brilliancy of the dorsal stripe and the intensity
of the color in the lateral black stripe. Beneath the black stripe
there is in strongly marked individuals (usually small S?) a. faint,
pale whitish ochre, broken, slender stripe, and the fold above the
feet is of the same color.

The larvae from which the foregoing description was drawn
were late specimens, mostly ichneumonized. They were found
May 27, at which time many cocoons were found empty. The
cocoon is whiter than that of C. califo7"iiica.

Imago (?. Entire insect dark cream color with a faint tinge
of reddish brown ; the front of the head, and thorax beneath,
round the head, of a deeper shade.

Anterior wings with a faint, narrow, transverse band, seldom
completely defined, but most clearly seen on the costal margin,
and consisting of two dark lines, the inner one straight, the outer
one diverging from the inner as it approaches the costa, where it
is bent sharply inward towards the base of the wing. Space be-
tween the lines scarcely darker than the rest of the wing, and
about half the width of the terminal space; fringes with faint
traces of dark scales at the end of the nervules. Secondaries im-
maculate.

Beneath, same as above in color, but the primaries have a
more decided reddish tinge, and the basal half of the wings, as
far as the outer line above, is uniform reddish brown.

$ . Reddish brown above and beneath ; primaries above
sprinkled with pale scales. Band of primaries more distinct,
rather broader, and rather darker than the rest of the wing.
Fringes paler.

Expanse of ivings, $ i. 00 to 1. 10 inches. ? 1.40 inches; /^«^//^
of body 6 0.50. ? 0.55 inch.

Habitat. Mountainous districts round the bay of San
Francisco.

This species is abundant on the black oak {QuerciLS Sonojuen-
sis), the larva being full fed about the middle of May. Mr. H.
Edwards has raised the species frequently, and it appears to be
more constant in its coloration than C. californica, which varies
quite as much as C. neustria, and to be at the same time confined
to the mountainous regions where Q. Sonoviensis is common. It
has never been found, so far as I know, close to San Francisco,
although Quercus agrifolia, the food plant of C. californica, is
common in that vicinity, from which we may conclude that its
range of food is limited, more so indeed than that of the latter
species.

67

C. STRIGOSA. n. S.

$. Entire insect dark cream color, with a tinge of yellow
ochre.

Anterior wings with a moderately wide band, concolorous
with the rest of the wing, defined by two rusty lines, straight,
somewhat wider apart on the costa than on the inner margin,
and both strongly bent towards the base of the wing on the
costa. Terminal space about one and a half times the width of
the band. Fringes of both wings distinctly interrupted with
rusty scales at the nervules.

Beneath, the primaries are suffused with pale rusty scales,
and all the wings are crossed by a distinct sinuous reddish brown
line, that on the primaries corresponding to the outer dark line
above. ? unknown.

Expanse of wings $. 1.25 inches; length of body 0.60 inch.

Habitat. Yosemite Valley, California. Hy. Edwards.

This may possibly be a variety of C. constricta, but I have
given it here as specifically distinct because there is no difficulty
in separating the imagines, though they resemble each other
closely. The question cannot be considered settled, however,
until we know the transformations of this species. It differs from
constricta in the tint of the wings, which is unimportant perhaps,
but constant so far as we know (5 $ of each examined); also in
the proportionate width of the band and terminal space, but
chiefly by its uniformly larger size and different coloration be-
neath.

C. EROSA. n. s.

?. Entire insect pale, lustrous chestnut brown, with a tinge
of ochre on the primaries and thorax. Secondaries rather darker
than primaries.

Anterior wings crossed by two very oblique, nearly parallel
darker lines ; the inner one straight ; the outer one somewhat
bent towards the base of the wing as it approaches the inner
margin. The space enclosed by these lines is wider than the ter-
minal area. Fringes of all the wings dark, same color as the
transverse lines. Outer margin of primaries distinctly concave at
termination of 4th median nervule.

Beneath, uniform pale lustrous red-brown, fringes darker.
The outer line on the primaries above faintly visible.
$. Similar to ? but smaller.

Expanse of wings $ 0.95, ? 1.40 inches; Length of body $
0.40, ? 0.65 inch.

I (5 4 s examined. Collected by Mr. Henry Edwards in.
Oregon. These were raised from larvae which had been feeding
on Robinia pseudo-acacia, and which had spun up in a number of
leaves drawn together. The larva is yet unknown, but the male
of this species is abundantly distinct from the male of C. distria,
the only species with which it could be confounded.

68

In addition to the foregoing five species, all of which are un-
doubtedly specifically distinct, if we except C. strigosa, I have
before me two other unique specimens which cannot be referred
to any of the species herein described. That one of them is
specifically distinct, is more than probable from the fact that I
am acquainted with a willow-feeding larva belonging to this
genus, which is found in California and is different from any
species of which the transformations have been recorded, but
which appears to be very difficult to raise, and from which I have
hitherto been unable to rear the imago. One of these specimens
I describe below, under the name of C. thoracica ; while the other,
being less strongly marked, is retained for future determination.
I have also presumptive evidence, founded on dead larvae, taken
from aborted cocoons found in Oregon, of the occurrence of
another species, the transformations of which still await elucida-
tion.

C. THORACICA, n. s. (?)

$. — Entire insect dull red-brown, the primaries rather redder
than the secondaries, which are the same color as all the wings
beneath. Primaries with exceedingly faint traces of a broad
band. Head, thorax and abdomen rather grayer than primaries.
Thorax very stout and very hairy, being disproportionately
large ; abdomen very short and conical.

Expanse of wings 0.90 inch ; Length of body 0.40 inch.

Habitat: Congress Springs, San Mateo County, California.
(H. Edwards.)

Differs widely from all our other species in the structure of
thorax and abdomen, and probably belongs to the larva alluded
to above.

C. AMERICANA, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., p. 267, (1841).

C. decipiens, Walker ; Phalmna castrensis, Smith-Abbot.

Bombyx frutetorum, Boisduval, Ann., Soc. Ent. Belg., vol.
12, p. 82, (1868-9).

Habitat, Eastern States from Maine, (Packard) to Texas.
(Belfrage). California (Boisduval).

Boisduval says of this species that " it is common in Canada
and of infrequent occurrence in California." So far as I know it
has never occurred on this coast.

C. DISSTRIA, Hubner.

Malacosonia disstria, Hubner, Verg. (teste Grote).

Phaloena neustria, Smith-Abbot ; C. sylvatica, Harris.

Bombyx drnpaceartun, Boisduval, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol.
12 p. 72, (1868-9).

Habitat. — Atlantic States from Maine southward (Packard).
California (Boisduval).

Boisduval says of this species " common over a large portion
of the United States, much rarer in California." The occur-

69

rence of this species in California or even on the Pacific coast of
North America is unknown to the writer, neither have I heard of
a single complaint from the orchardists of this coast, which would
lead to the suspicion that any species of Clisiocampa occurred in
the orchards, or was likely to be a source of trouble. The occur-
rence of these last two species in California, as stated by Boisdu-
val, I believe to be the result of errors on the part of his corres-
pondents, though, from what we know of the distribution of other
common Atlantic forms, it is quite possible that one or both may
occur in British Columbia and Washington Territory, or even as
far south as Oregon.

ON SOME SPECIES OF NISONIADES.

By J. A. LiNTNER.

Mr. Wm. H. Edwards has submitted to me for examination
some examples of Nisoniades, which prove to be undescribed
species. They are the following:

Nisoniades N^vius, n. sp.

Size somewhat less than N. Juvenalis, and N. funeralis.
Wings fuscous, almost black, with a purple reflection.

Primaries with four minute, subquadrangular, white, costo-
apical, hyaline spots, of which the fourth (from costa) may be ob-
solete ; a similar spot in cell 3, and none in the discal cell. An
irregular umber-brown spot centres on the discal cross-vein, and
at about the middle of cell i b (the submedian interspace) is an-
other, showing more distinctly in the $ . The subterminal row of
obscure, rounded, intranervuler fuscous spots rest on a dark um-
ber-brown ground. All the markings are nearly lost in the dark
ground ; those best defined are two confluent trapezoidal spots in
cell I b, forming the inner termination of the transverse row of
spots, and defined without and within by a W in umber-brown.
The spots of the transverse row are not of the ordinary sagittate
form.

Secondaries dark brown, showing faintly the two rows of in-
tranervular paler brown spots, more distinct in the ? . Cilia dark
brown, lighter upon their outer half in one ^, and quite pale, ap-
proaching whitish in the $

Beneath, paler brown, and showin|^ more or less distinctly
the two ordinary lines toward the margin of pale brown spots,
and in one ^ example, a white spot in the discal cell, not seen
on the upper surface. Head and palpi concolorous with the thorax
abdomen and legs.

Expanse of wings: ^, 1.45 to 1.65 in.; ?, 1.65 to 1.70 in.

Described from 3 $ 's, collected at Indian River, Florida.

This species is allied to N. funeralis Scudd.-Burg. Its mark-
ings are similar in form and arrangement and nearly as incon-

70

spicuous, and the pale fringe of the secondaries in one example
shows a tendency toward the white fringe of that species. Its
wings are not quite as pointed. The examples before me show
none of the bluish hairs which sprinkle the primaries of N. funer-
alis and are still more numerous in N. Juve7ialis Fabr. and A^.
Propertius Scudd.-Burg.

This may possibly be the N. Terentius of Scudd.-Burg.,
based upon the genital armature ; but as the differences presented
between the genitalia of this species, which have been carefully
observed, and those of N. Terentius as described and illustrated,
are greater than those which have served to separate other of the
genitalic species, it would not be proper to accept the two as
identical.

NiSONIADES PETRONIUS, n. sp.

In ornamentation and general character, allied to N. Proper-
tius Scudd.-Burg., resembling it in the quite oblique line of sub-
sagittate black spots crossing the nervules. The black ma kings
of the wings are more strongly contrasted with the dark brown
ground than in N. funeralis or N. Naevius, but less so than in N.
Propertius and N. Juvenalis — about equal to N. Persius. The
white hyaline spots of the primaries are of medium size — smaller
than in the average of A^. Jiivenalis ; that in the discal cell is
small ; that in cell 3 on the transverse line of sagittate spots
is crescentic, concave toward the base ; below the latter, in cell 2,
a smaller white spot, wanting in one example.

Beneath, reddish-brown, especially the secondaries, which
show two rows of pale brown submarginal spots which become
obsolete before reaching the front margin of the wing, and wholly
want the white spots in cells 6 and 7 which characterize N.
Juvenalis * and N. Propertius. The white spots of the primaries
are larger than above.

Head: above the eyes and just behind the " locklet " are a
few white scales ; behind and beneath the eyes are some pale
yellow-brown scales, and similar colored hairs compose most of
the palpal covering, quite in contrast with the dark brown color
of the legs, thorax and abdomen.

A single ? , accompanying the examples submitted to me, I
refer, somewhat doubtfully to this species, from general markings
and the pale-colored palpi. The transverse row of ellipsoidal
black spots, and those of the medial and basal regions, are con-
spicuously outlined on a somewhat pale umber-brown ground —
the contrast about that presented in N. Martialis ? . An oval
white spot in cell 2 accompanies the round one in cell 3. The
costo-apical white spot in cell 9 is wanting.

■* In 45 examples of TV. Juvenalis before me, these white spots are a prominent feat-
ure. In one example, the spot's each occupy the entire breadth of the cell.

71

Expanse of wings : $ , 1.90 to 2 in. ; ? ? , 1.80 in.

Described from 4 5 's and i $ fronn Indian River, Florida.

This is the largest species known to us in the genus. It is
separable from N. Juvenalis and N. Propertius by its darker color,
less distinct ornamentation, less rounded wings, and absence of
the white spots of secondaries in cells 6 and 7. From N. Nmvius
with which it is associated, it is distinguished by its large size,
more distinct markings, and the contrasting lighter shade of the
palpi.

The genitalia of this species resemble those given for N.
Horatius and N. Virgilius, named from their genital armature, by
Scudder and Burgess, but 1 am unable to refer it to either.
Examples from Florida, which Mr. Scudder has kindly permitted
me to examine, and labeled by him as N. Horatius, have the
white hyaline spots of the primaries larger than in the above
species, and, according to notes made at the time of their
examination, "larger than in any of the N. Juvenalis in my col-
lection, except in a single example taken at Center, in which
they are about the same in size and similar in form."

NisoNiADES Propertius, Scudd.-Burg.

Several years ago, through the kindness of Mr. Scudder, I
was permitted to examine the species of the Nisoniades in his
collection, including several of his types. Among them were
eight examples, bearing his label of Propertius, from the follow-
ing localities ; two from Mokiah Pass, Palmer collection ; one
from Sierra Nevada ; four from CaHfornia ; one from Juniper
Mountains.

The following notes upon this species were made by me at
the time, upon comparison of the material with the examples of
N. Juvenals in my own collection.

Size of N. Juvenalis ; the primaries more pointed; the sub-
marginal row of sagittate and black spots is more oblique, being
more drawn inwardly toward the base as it approaches the internal
margin, whence it follows that, while in Juvenalis, of the two
subelliptical whitish spots in cell i b, the lower one is as near to the
outer margin as that in cell 3 ; in this species it is always further
removed. The hyaline spot in the discal cell is smaller than in
N. Juvefialis and is much less conspicuous underneath. Of the
four costo-apical hyaline spots, I, 3 and 4 are in line, or 3 is
somewhat nearer to the base of the wing ; 2 is nearer the apex
and is elongated. The thorax and abdomen are fuscous, instead
of umber-brown. In general color it is darker, more approaching
N. Persius — the black spots not offering so strong a contrast with
the ground as in N. Juvetialis ; the primaries are nearly covered
with bluish hairs, which is perhaps the best characteristic feature
of the species.

It is very doubtful if the genitalic form, N. Tibullus of Scudd.-
Burg., can be separated from N. Propertius.

11

This species has also been received from Utah and Arizona.
I have also in my collection, examples received from Mr. Henry-
Edwards (No. jG), from Havilah, California, and Vancouver
Island in the Middle and Eastern States.

NiSONIADES ICELUS, Lintn.

Mr. W. H. Edwards has allowed me to examine two exam-
ples of this species, which he had obtained from the Western col-
lections of Mr. Morrison in 1880, taken in Washington Territory,
This extreme western locality for this insect is an interesting
addition to our knowledge of its distribution. Mr. Scudder, in
his Systematic Revisio7i of American Buttei-fiics (1872), gives as its
distribution, Canada to West Virginia; Atlantic Coast to Michi-
gan. In the Edwards' Catalogue of the Diiirnals of North
America (1877), its habitat is given as New England, Middle
States and Illinois. Subsequently (my Entomolog. Contrib., No.
IV., 1878), I identified it among some Colorado collections of Mr.
Morrison. These western examples do not differ in size or in any
particular feature from our eastern forms. The examples before
me are without date of collection. They are in fresh condition,
and are rather more strongly marked with white scales toward
the costal and outer margins of the primaries than those ordinarily
met with.

An interesting feature of this species, observed by Dr.
Speyer, is noticed in his valuable paper on the Genera of the
HesperidcB of the European Faunal-Regton (Canad. Entomol., x. p.
169). It is the presence of a long and thick tuft of hairs on the
posterior tibiae. This is not found in N. Brizo Boisd.-Lec. — a
species so closely allied to N. Icelus, that some writers have ques-
tioned their specific difference. It has been observed in but one
other species of Nisoniades, viz., N. Persius Scudd. It also charac-
terizes the Hesperidean genus Daimia of Murray, of which the
European D. Tethys Men. is the type and sole species, and
Scelothrix of Ramb. — united with Pyrgus H. by Dr. Speyer in his
last Revision of the European Hesperidae (1878), as Group 11,
having inaculatus Brem. as the type of the group. This tuft or
hair-pencil differs in the several species. In N. Icelus it is pro-
duced from the femoral joint of the tibia, and is widely spread
apart in the examples before me. In length it exceeds the tibia
by nearly one-half. Like the costal-fold, it is probably confined
to the B sex.

A revision of the proof of this paper has enabled me to add
the following: Since the above was written, an examination of
the Nisoniades in my collection has shown the presence of the
tibial hair-pencil also in the males of N.funeralis Boisd., N. Ncevius
Lintn., and N^Lucilius Lintn. I cannot detect it in any other than
the above mentioned five species. In the genus Pyrgus, I find it

73

in P. centaurem Ramb., P. scriptura Boisd., P. XantJms Edw., P.
Petreius Edw., and P. ericetorum Boisd. It is not present in P.
tessellata Scudd. Of P. Oceanus Edw., P. Ricara Edw., P. Phil-
etas Edw., and P. ccBspitabis"^ Boisd., I possess no examples for
examination. It exists also in AcJilyodes Thraso Hiibn.

NiSONIADES SOMNUS, n. sp.

Belongs to the N. Icelus and N. Brizo group ; size of the
former — its wings somewhat narrower and more extended
apically.

Male, dark brown in color, approaching N. Persius. Prima-
ries, without the anteapical white spot above, and the large patch
of bluish-white scales resting on the discal cross-vein of N. Icelus.
The black transverse bands are of the position and character of
those of N. Icelus, but are almost lost in the ground color.
Secondaries, nearly as dark as the primaries, showing indistinctly
the two rows of pale brown spots.

Beneath, wings bronze by reflection. The primaries have a
short costo-apical white streak in cell 8 and a minute white dot in
cell 9 {N. Icelus has usually a subquadrangular white spot in
cells 6, 7 and 8 each, and occasionally the spots form a contin-
uous line nearly across the wing, from 2 to 8 inclusive) ; an in-
tranervular series of pale streaks, and on the secondaries, the two
rows of yellow-brown spots are distinct.

Female, paler brown than the male. The two transverse
bands of the primaries are quite distinct, and between them, on
the discal cross-vein, is a conspicuous patch of whitish scales ;
no white anteapical spots ; upon the margin, a row of rounded
brown spots, separated from the contiguous band, by whitish
scales. The bands are broader than in N. Icelus, and are almost
drawn together on vein 2 ; the connected series of spots compos-
ing each, are shaped much as in A^. Icelus, are heavily bordered
with black, and bear bluish scales. Secondaries, with a geminate
discal mark, a submarginal row of yellowish spots much bent in-
wardly opposite the cell, and a marginal row of small, linear,
whitish spots.

Beneath, wings with a strong bronze reflection. The second-
aries have the two rows of spots of the upper surface repeated ;
the primaries have a marginal row of linear whitish spots, a reg-
ularly curved submarginal row of eight oblong yellowish spots,
and a single white anteapical spot in cell 8.

The antennae, in this species, are delicately annulated with
white. The palpi are shorter than in N. Icelus, shaggy, some of
the hairs of the second joint extending to the tip of the third.
The tibise of the posterior pair of legs are without the pencil of
hairs characterizing- N. Icelus.

' Erroneously given as Caespitatis in Edwards' Catalogue.

74

The last mentioned feature, separates beyond question, this
species from N. Icehts. It may also be distinguished by the darker
and more uniform color of the male, the transverse bands
hardly separable from the ground color, the absence of an ante-
apical white spot and of the discal patch of bluish scales. The
female resembles -A^. Brizo, but the inner margin of the outer band
is much more irregular than in that species, and the submarginal
row of spots on the primaries beneath, takes the place in promi-
nence, of a different series seen in N. Brizo, of which only the
costal one is here represented.

Expanse of zvings : (5 , 1.30 inch ; ? , 1.45 inch.

Described from i S and i ? , in the collection of Mr. W. H.
Edwards, received from Indian River, Florida.

The relationship of this species, suggests the mythological
name given it. Brizo was worshipped as the goddess of sleep.
ICELUS was regarded as the inspirer of dreams in mortals, and was
the son of SoMNUS, the god of sleep (See 23 RcJ>t. JV. V. St.
Mils. Nat. Hist., 1873, p. 163-4).

EUDAMUS Proteus (Linn).

Quite an interesting addition to the list of Hesperidae, occur-
ring in the State of New York, is the above species.

Two examples of it, one of which I have been permitted to
see, were captured by Mr. S. Lowell Elliot, of New York City,
about the middle of August of last year, in the Central Park
Gardens, east of the Mt. St. Vincent Art Gallery, upon the
flowers of Salvia splendens. Other examples of it, as Mr. Elliot
informs me, were seen by him, which he was unable to capture,
for as soon as they alighted they were attacked by Rudanius
Tityrus, which swarmed around these flowers and seemed to
recognize the Proteus as strangers and intruders.

The species was not observed about other flowers, but were
seen hovering around the Salvia for three consecutive days, when
a cold rain storm ensuing and continuing for several days, termin-
ated their visits.

Scudder reports the species from " Eastern N. America, as
far north as Connecticut," but we have not been able to verify
its collection in that State. We believe that these are its first
captures within the State of New York.

EuDAMUS Nevada, Scudd.

From an example received from Mr. Henry Edwards, No.
2509, Summit Sier. Nev., Cal., and from an additional example
collected by Mr. Nash, of Ithaca, in Colorado, I find that
the above form is a valid species, quite easily to be separated
from E. Pylades, of which, at the time of the publication of the
Edwards' Catalogtie of the Lepidoptera of Afnerica-Diurnals, it
was believed to be a dwarfed variety.

75
NEW WESTERN MOTHS.

By a. R. Grote, a. M.

Thyatira Lorata, n. s.

Forewings ashen brown, shaded with white over median
space, superiorly and about a deep brown triangular shaded
blotch, which marks the inception on costa of the subterminal
line. A basal white median patch, edged with black and stained
with pink. Median lines distinct, black, single, approximate,
approaching inferiorly; t. p. line followed by black venular
marks. Stigmata small, near together; reniform upright, sub-
ovate : orbicular, round. A reddish patch at internal angle, edged
within with white. A narrow waved apical streak. Hind-wings
yellowish fuscous, with sinuate mesial shade and reddish fringes.
Thorax light brown ; sides of tegulae whitish ; beneath dull yel-
lowish fuscous with double sinuate shade bands emanating from
two costal dark brown or blackish marks on fore-wings. Head
and collar deep brown.

Expanse 40 mil. Washington Ten, coll. Mr. B. Neumoegen.

At once distinguished from our Eastern Pudens by the
broader primaries, with their black propinquitous median lines,
the absence of the apical patch and the subterminal dark costal
blotch, while the costal region at base is equally dark, the stig-
mata complete ; the reniform a little reddish ; the basal patch is
notched superiorly and less extended than in Piidens.

Bombycia Semicircularis, n. s.

? . Eyes naked ; head sunken ; a tuft on the third abdominal
segment ; wings broad. • Primaries with a basal creamy patch ;
black edged, pointed on the s. m. fold. Beyond is a broad trans-
verse anterior shaded band, made up of three or four black lines
with the spaces between them black-shaded. The ground color
of the wing is hoary gray. A second vague black band, made up of
two or three lines, crosses the wing beyond the disc and approaches
the first on submedian fold. Median space dark gray ; stigmata
approximate, not very noticeable, concolorous, the reniform with
blackish centre ; the orbicular reduced, round. A black festooned
line below apices inaugurates the s. t. line, somewhat as in TJiya-
tira Lorata, but the first curve is obsolete, the line appearing
along external margin below the tip ; it is discontinued below
vein 6. Hind wings yellowish gray, with an inner broad and
dififuse band, beyond which the wing is narrowly paler before an
indistict outer line. Beneath yellowish gray with double bands,
the inner very broad ; tegulae whitish with brown tips ; head and
collar dark.

Expanse 40 mil. Washington Territory, Coll. Mr. B.
Neumoegen.

This specimen is more sombre than B. Improvisa, Hy. Edw.,
and wants the "yellowish green patches and rosy markings.

76

In Semicircularis the anterior black band is nearly evenly
arcuate, it is waved in improvisa, and notably drawn in at sub-
median fold. There is a black dot on the cell near the t. a. line,
marking the orbicular in improvisa, wanting in semicircularis.
The apical streak is more continuous and waved in semicircularis.
The basal patch is extended to the internal margin in improvisa,
but in semicircularis it is confined to the middle of the wing
much as in Thyatira.

NoLA FUSCULA, n. s.

$ Allied to Miniiscula. Antennae bipectinate. Gray. Head
and collar whitish, the latter with a fine black line. Primaries
fuscous gray ; median space darker shaded before the t. p. line.
Inner line black, fine, roundedly produced at median vein. Outer
line preceded by a faint coincident line ; the t. p. line itself is
roundedly produced opposite the cell, running inwardly below
median vein, thence arcuate to internal margin. S. t. line indi-
cated by a diffuse dark shade. Hind wings soiled whitish. Ex-
panse, 25 mil. Colorado. This species is larger than Minuscula,
from Texas, which it otherwise much resembles. The forewings
are darker, the hind wings paler.

Agrotis Havil^, Gr. B. U. S. G. S., vi., 157.

A number of specimens collected by Mr. Morrison in South-
ern California leave no doubt on my mind that the species is dis-
tinct from our Eastern Clandestina. The general color is paler.
The head and thorax more decidedly brown ; the t. p. line is fol-
lowed by whitish points, the line itself more strongly dentate ;
the hind wings are more uniformly fuscous. In fresh specimens
the paler marks forming the t. p. line, and the edges of the stig-
mata and t. a. line have a whitish cast.

Agrotis Clodiana, n. s.

$ All the tibiae spinose ; fore tibiae with longer terminal
spines. Eyes naked. Antennae brush-like. Allied to Gravis,
but without the distinct stigmata. Forewings of a curious purplish
brown, with a shading of yellowish. Orbicular small concolorous,
round, with a paler yellowish annulus ; reniform concolorous,
transverse, moderate, ringed like the orbicular. Claviform indi-
cated, small median shade, blackish, diffuse. Lines illegible ;
fringes with a narrow, pale yellowish line at base. Hind wings
pale, soiled with fuscous along the margins. Head and color
russet brown, collar with a pale line above a deeper shade ; thorax
mixed pale and brown. Beneath fore wings dark ; hind wings
pale, with discal marks and faint common line. Expanse, 38 mil.
Washington Territory.

A female specimen, also collected by Mr. Morrison, probably
belongs here. The fore wings are entirely obscure yellowish
brown, with the markings lost.

Hadena cinefacta. n. s.

11

? . Eyes naked ; tibiae unarmed. Abdomen with a series
of small abdominal tufts. Gray over ochrey or olive fuscous. The
species has a resemblance to Mamestra Distincta, but differs
generally by the naked eyes. T. a. line much projected out-
wardly below median vein ; claviform pale, outlined in black, its
inferior margin a black streak in sub-median fold connecting the
two lines. A fine black basal ray. Orbicular outwardly oblique,
pale, moderate ; reniform upright, nearly concolorous. Median
space tinged with olive ochrey ; basal and sub-terminal fields
gray; terminal space olive fuscous. The M-mark of sub-terminal
line is well written, preceded by three cuneiform dark marks be-
fore the s. t. line itself. Fringes dark, cut with pale opposite the
veins. Hind wings fuscous. Thorax gray, with olive fuscous
lines on collar and tegulae. Beneath the wings are grayish fus-
cous with faint common line and obscure discal dots on second-
aries. Expanse 35 mil.

Washington Territory. Coll. Mr. B. Neumoegen and Mr. Hy.
Edwards.

Melicleptria honesta. n. s.

Allied to Oregonica. Fore wings with the basal field, the
stigmata and the sub-terminal space dark olive, somewhat golden
sericeous. Median field light yellow, narrow, the yellow color
obtaining narrowly between and about the spots and obtaining
inferiorly except along the t. a. line which is followed by an olive
shade below the median vein. Sub-terminal line pale yellow,
narrow, twice indented. Hind wings black with the discal lunule
absorbed by the basal field and its lower end intruding on a
mesial white band ; the black border shows an oblique series of
small pale spots between the median nervules. Beneath, grayish
white ; on fore wings the stigmata, sub-terminal space and a
basal streak along internal margin black ; on the hind wings the
border is black about anal angle and the discal lunule is tinged
with black. Expanse 23 mil.

Mount Hood. Oreg. Coll. Mr. B. Neumoegen.

Triocnemis. n. g.

A noctuid genus from south California allied to Heliotliis
and Chariclea, differing by the flattened fore tibiae which have a
broad, rounded exterior projection, a very long stout spine near
the inner margin, and a short spine at the extremity of the in-
ner edge. Eyes naked ; $ antennae simple. Thorax with dis-
colorous posterior tuft. Abdomen untufted.

Triocnemis saporis. n. s.

White: Head and thorax white, with a brownish tuft be-
hind on the thorax. Band of forewings white, bounded by the t.
a. line, which makes a sharp sub-median projection and a slight
notch on s. c. vein. Median space blackish ; the stigmata indi-
cated by white inner ringlets or anterior shades. T. p. line much

78

exserted superiorly, running in opposite the dentation of the t. a.
line. S. t. space narrow, white, with a black costal shade and
some cuneiform marks at the middle. Terminal space, and fringes
leaden gray; terminal line a succession of white streaks. Hind
wings fuscous, paler within a narrow median white band. Be-
neath, with markings reflected. Expanse 27 mil.

Washington Ten Coll. Mr. Hy. Edwards and Mr. B. Neu-
moegen.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW HESPERIAN FROM FLORIDA.
By W. H. Edwards.

Pamphila STRATON.

Male. — Expands 1.5 inch.

Upper side dark brown, marked and spotted with reddish
fulvous ; three small spots in subcostal interspaces of primaries,
two others opposite cell and towards hind margin ; and in line
with these an oblique row crossing the median interspaces, the
lower spots merged in the fulvous of disk which extends to base
and anteriorly to costa ; the stigma in two sections, the anterior
one completely crossing the lower median interspace ; a narrow
smooth black slightly bent ridge ; the lower one in sub-median
interspace, parallel to the line of the other; short, not reaching
either nervule ; behind the stigma is a narrow blackish rough
patch. Secondaries have the disk obscure fulvous, with an im-
perfectly defined series of spots on the anterior half of the wing ;
fringes of primaries fuscous next the margin, whitish outside; of
secondaries fuscous next margin, then fulvous, and outside
whitish.

Underside of secondaries bright ferruginous of one shade and
immaculate ; apex of primaries bright ferruginous ; the hind mar-
gin a little obscured, the spots indistinctly repeated, next base
and against stigma black.

Body above black, covered with fulvous hairs, thorax below
yellowish, abdomen same with a fulvous tint; legs fulvous, palpi
light yellow with fulvous tint ; antenna; black above, yellowish
below ; club black on both upper and under surface, on the sides
fulvous.

Female. — Expand 1.6 inch. Color dark brown; primaries
have spots placed as in the male, distinctly defined throughout,
the basal area being brown, instead of fulvous as in male. Second-
aries as in male. Under side as in male, but on the disk of
secondaries is an indistinct bent row of small paler spots corres-
ponding to the spots of upper side.

From 3^1? received from Indian River. The male is very
like Leonardiis on upper side, with the stigma of same peculiar
character, and in this respect these two stand alone among

79

American species so far as known to me. So the clubs of the two
are precisely alike. But on the under side there is a departure
from Leonardiis, which has distinct spots on secondaries. In
color and lack of spots Straton resembles Arpa.

A NEW SPECIES OF ANTARCTIA FROM MOUNT HOOD,

OREGON.

By B. Neumoegen.

Antarctia rubra, n. sp.

$ Head and thorax remarkably pilose and of bright blood
orange color. Head prominent, thorax very stout, abdomen of
short, conical structure, less hairy, and of lighter color. Antennae
prominent, of same color as head and thorax, with black, even
pectinations. Legs concolorous with thorax.

Primaries chocolate color with a reddish underground.
Fringes orange color intermixed with brown. No special mark-
ings, except a small blackish discal spot, hardly perceptible.

Secondaries smoky black with orange tinted, bright fringes,
and a diminutive black discal spot.

Beneath, primaries as well as secondaries reddish bro7/n,
fading into a lighter, whitish shade towards base, and fringes of
a prominent reddish tint. Discal spots in primaries and second-
aries, well marked in black.

?. — Larger than male. Antennae, palpi, head and thorax^
less hairy and concolorous with primaries. Antennae slender and
smooth. Abdomen prominently formed, of yellow reddish
shade.

Primaries of strikingly vivid color, being the true blood
orange tint, with a somewhat darker, hardly noticeable discal
spot. No other markings. Fringes of same color.

Secondaries of smoky black with blood orange fringes. A
very small, black discal spot.

Beneath, primaries and secondaries orange-colored, fading
towards base. The discal, blackish spots well marked in both
wings. Fringes concolorous.

Expanse of wings, ^ i i-io inches; ? ij^ inches.

Length of bodies, $ % inch ; ? ^ inch.

Habitat: Mount Hood, Oregon.

Having convinced myself that I had not to deal with the red
California variation of A. punctata. Pack., which, by the way,
occurs only in the female form, I decided to study Boisduval's
description of California Arctians, especially A. rufula, before
pronouncing on the present species. I came to the conclusion
that A. Rufula, Boisd., $ (vide Lepid. de la California, p. 80.) is
nothing but one of the numerous varieties of A. vagans, Boisd.^

8o

while the ? A. rufula is but the reddish form of A. punctata,
Pack.

A. rubra, therefore, proves to be a beautiful addendum to the
hitherto described species.

Collected by Mr. H. K. Morrison, season of 1880.

Types $ ?, collection B. Neumoegen. The type of ?
kindly presented tq me by Mr. A. R. Grote.

A NEW GENUS AND SOME NEW FORMS OF NORTH

AMERICAN ZYG^NID^.

By Hy. Edwards.

Penthetria. Hy. Edw. Nov. gen.

Similar to the Fabrician genus Procris, but differing in
having the antennae slender and non-pectinate in both sexes.
The abdomen, too, is without the anal tuft in the female. The
genus Procris, as originally indicated by Fabricius, included Ino.
Leach and Aglaope. Latr., and it is doubtful if we have any true
representatives of either in the United States fauna, the species
recognized by Harris under the name of Procris having been, by
common consent, placed in Acoloithus and other genera.

Penthetria Majuscula. Hy. Edw. n. sp.

$ . Greenish black throughout, with a metallic lustre, want-
ing along the costal edge of secondaries. Abdomen with the
anal segment golden yellow.

Exp. wings, 0.90 inch. Georgia. H. K. Morrison. Type.
Coll. Hy. Edwards.

S . Similar to the $ , but a trifle larger and with the anal seg-
gent of the abdomen concolorous with the rest of the body.
Type. Coll. F. Tepper.

Penthetria Parvula. Hy. Edw. n. sp.

Primaries smoky black, with purplish reflections, rather
darker about the margins. Secondaries smoky, semi-transparent.
Thorax, abdomen, legs, and antennae [concolorous. Under side
similar to the upper.

Exp. wings, 0.60 inch.

I 6. Indian River, Florida.

I ? . Georgia.

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards. F. Tepper.

Gnoph/ela vermiculata. G. & R.

n. var. Continiia. Hy. Ed.

A form oi G. verjuiadata, probably -common, in which the
cuneiform whitish patches of the primaries and the sub-marginal
spots are joined together, the whole central portion of the wing
being thus sub-diaphanous, exeept a large costal patch behind the
cell. In the typical form, a broad band of black crosses the
wing, clearly dividing the whitish spaces.

2 $ . Colorado.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Lycomorpha constans. Hy. Edw. n. sp.

Smaller than L. pJiohis. Primaries bright orange, with nar-
row marginal border of black, widest at the apex. Secondaries
black, with narrow costal margin of orange. Antennje black.
Thorax black on the disc, the outer margin "orange. Abdomen
black. Tibiae whitish. Tarsi black.

Exp. wings 0.70.

Prescott, Ariz. W. Howard.

Type, Coll. Hy. Edwards.

At once distinguishable from L. phohis by the narrow margin
of the primaries and the almost wholly black secondaries.

Lycomorpha desertus. Hy. Edw., n. sp.

^ . Closely resembling L. pholus, but with the black margin
of the primaries narrower, though not so narrow as in the preced-
ing sp. It is broadest on the apex, and its inner edge is oblique
as in L. pholus, while in L. constans it is rounded inwardly. The
black margin of secondaries is also narrower than in L. pholn,
and does not curve upwards to the base along the anal margin as
in that species. The larger portion of the wing is thus orange.
Abdomen, antenna and tarsi black. Palpi and base of tibiae
orange.

Exp. wings. 0.75 inch.

?. Much larger than the $, with the primaries otange,
a broad, black transverse band crossing them near the base and
another from costa to the termination of the internal margin,
thus leaving the apex orange. Secondaries as in the $ . Thorax
and abdomen orange, above and below. Tibiae and tarsi orange.
Antennae blackish, paler at their base.

Exp. wings. 1.25 inch.

Underside, the same as the upper, in both sexes.

I S. I ?. Tucson, Arizona. W. S. Edwards.

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

The examples of this singular species reached me in copula-
tion, or they would have suggested different species, if not dis-
tinct genera. They, as well as the previous species, seem to ex-
hibit the richness of the insect fauna of the little known region
from whence they come.

NOTES ON THE LARVAE OF SOME MOTHS.

By G. H. French, Carbondale, III,

Arctia decorata, Saund.

On page 182 of the 7th Illinois State Entomologist's report,
I gave a brief description of the larva of this moth under the
name oi Arctia Phalerata, Harr. I had reared several specimens.

82

all of the imagines having the prevailing black color of both
primaries and secondaries of Decorata, with the red in the second-
aries peculiar to that form, but at that time I regarded it as only
a variety of Nais or PJialerata of Harris, and for that reason put
it in the report in that form. Since that time I have bred several
others, and finding the markings of the imagines to be rather con-
stant, I think the description, brief though it may be, should be
credited to i?rrcr«/« instead of iV^/^. In this I do not wish to
decide whether Decorata is a good species or only a variety, but
leave that for future investigation. In either case the larvae will
probably be found to differ. I shall endeavor to make more ex-
tended observations on them this season. The description re-
ferred to is : "A black, hairy caterpillar an inch or more long,
with transverse rows of wart-like tubercles, from which spring
spreading tufts of short white hairs. Along the dorsum is a lire
of pale yellow, sometimes almost white." Like the other Arc-
tians it is a very general feeder.

Cymatophora pampinaria, Guenee.

In his book on Geometrid moths Dr. Packard gives the color
of the larva of this as " pale yellowish color, with a broad
reddish brown stripe, edged with black on the back." Last fall I
found several of them. Some were of the yellowish green
color above, others gray and others brown. Packard speaks of
pear leaves being their food. I found them feeding on willows and
cultivated geraniums. Two of them pupated September i6th
and October 2d. Both of these hatched April 17th of this year.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.

It was the intention of the Publication Committee to issue Mr. W.
H. Edwards' paper on Pieridas for the present number, but the plates for
illustration have not yet arrived from London, and the article in question
must therefore be delayed until June.

Errata. — On page 43, April No., line 15, for grayish, read yellow;
line 5, for Perdiceas, read Perdiccas; page 44, line 8, for Perdiceas, read
Perdiccas.

PAPILIO.

Prgan of tl^e |few Jork f ntomological piub.

Vol. 1.] June, 1881. [No. 6.

ON PIERIS BRYONI/E ochsenheimer, AND ITS DE-
RIVATIVE FORMS IN EUROPE AND AMERICA.

By W. H. Edwards.

The species, of which Bryonice is one of the forms, is known
as Napi, Linn, and is seasonally polymorphic, having in Europe
three manifestations, Bryonice, Napi and NapcscB. The last of
these was until recently regarded as a distinct species, or possible
species. Westwood, in 1848, is uncertain of the position of
NapcecB Esper, but thinks it is probably a variety of Napi, and
remarks that " neither caterpillar nor chrysalis have been
observed, nor have any circumstances connected with the time
or place of its appearance been given,'' and quotes Stephens as
saying: "I think with Godart that it may only be a very large
variety of Napi, but as it appears to have characters sufficient to
constitute a distinct species, the determination of this point must
be left for future investigation." Brit. But., Humphreys-West
wood, iV«//. Boisduval, however. Spec. Gen. I, 518, 1836, had
given the species as : Napi\J\\\n.\ " common throughout Europe
and Siberia during summer."

Var. A. NapcecB, " Common in the autumn."

Var. B. Bryonies, "Alps" &c.

Dr. Aug. Weismann, in his Studien zurDescendenz Theorie,
part I, Leipzig, 1875, gives excellent colored figures of these
three forms in both sexes, and the plate is repeated in the Eng-
lish translation, " Studies in the Theory of Descent," London,
1880. In the text, Lond. ed., page 39, Dr. Weismann says of
Bryonice: " This is, to a certain extent, the potential winter form
oi Napi. The male exactly resembles the ordinary winter form
(/. e., Napi, Esper) in the most minute detail, but the female is
distinguished from Napi by a sprinkling of grayish-brown scales

84

over the whole of the upper side of the wings. This type, Bry-
otiicB, occurs in polar regions as the only form of Napi, and is also
found in the higher Alps, where it flies in secluded meadows as
the only form, but in other localities less isolated it is mixed with
the ordinary form of the species. In both regions Bryonies pro-
duces but one generation a year, and must then, according to my
theory, be regarded as the parent form of Napi.'' On page 44 ;
" In the Alps and Jura, the ordinary form of TVisr/z swarms every-
where from the plains towards the habitat of Bryonies, so that a
crossing of the two forms may occasionally or even frequently
take place ; and it is not astonishing if in some places, Meiringen
for example, a perfect series of intermediate forms between Napi
and Bryonies is met with. That crossing is the cause of the great
variability of Bryonia in the Alpine districts is proved by the
fact that in the Polar regions this form * is by no means so vari-
able as in the Alps, but judging by about 40 to 50 Norwegian
specimens, is rather constant. My friend, Dr. Staudinger, who
has twice spent the summer in Lapland, thus writes in reply to
my question. A crossing with Napi cannot there take place, as
this form is never met with, so that the ancient parent-form Bry-
onies has been able to preserve its original constancy."

Dr. Weismann, page 40, relates how he obtained eggs from a
female Bryonne in June in a secluded Alpine valley, and sub-
jected the pupae therefrom to a high temperature in a hot-house,
but only one butterfly emerged the same summer, in spite of
this high temperature, and of what he regards as of more special
importance, in spite of the want of cooling at night, and that this
was a male Bryonies. " The other pupae hibernated in the
heated rooms, and produced from the end of January to the be-
ginning of June, 28 butterflies, all of which were exquisite Bry-
onies. Experiment thus confirmed the view \\idX Bryonies x's.th.^
parent form of Napi, and the description hitherto given by system-
atists ought therefore properly to be reversed. Pieris Bryo7iies
should be elevated to the rank of a species, and the ordinary winter
and summer forms should be designated as vars. Napi and Napeses!'

Boisduval describes Napi {i. e., the ordinary winter form) thus :
" Wings white, with the base a little ash-colored. Primaries have
the apex and ordinarily the extremities of the nervures black ;
the disk sovietinies without spots in the male, anei sometimes with
one black spot, as in Rapes ; in the female oreiinarily tzvo spots and
a black stripe situated as in the female of BrassiccB and of Rapes.
Secotidaries have a black spot on costal margin. Under side of
primaries white, with two black spots as in the allied species, the
apex yellow ; under side of secondaries of a pale yellow, with
veins of blackish-green covering the nervures." Westwood says:
" The males generally have a black spot between the middle and
apex of the wing (primaries) ; the females have two large black
spots towards the posterior margin, the hineler one being connected

85

zvith a black dash on the inner margin ; on the under side the males
have tiuo black spots corresponding with those of the females."

NapcBCE, Westwood says, is of a larger size than the ordinary
specimens of Napi, and, quoting from Stephens : " The male has
the upper surface milk-white, with the tip, a spot, and two or
three triangular dashes on the hind margin of the anterior wings
black; beneath two cinereous spots; the posterior wings are pale
yellowish, zvith a deeper costal streak, the basal nervule above
\i. e., towards costa) dilated and greenish. The female has the
tip of the anterior wings and three spots, one of which is sub-
triangular, and placed on the thinner edge of the wing (the
inner margin) black or dusty, and the posterior wings are clearer
yellow."

Boisduval says briefly (Spec. Gen. 1,519) : " Napcece. A little
larger than Napi ; the under side of secondaries shows only
some short dusky veins extending from base to end of cell, but only
towards costal margin."

Humphreys-Westwood figure and describe a small form,
P. Sabellicce, thought by Stephens and others to be a distinct
species, described as having the veins on each side strongly mar-
gined with brown, " dark margins of the veins both on upper and
under surface," but they give reasons for regarding it as a variety
of Napi. Boisduval, in Spec. Gen., says nothing of this form, and
Staudinger's Catalogue makes no mention of it. So that it would
seem to be an occasional aberration, and, from the description,
resembles some of the American varieties. I only know this
SabelliciB from H.-W., and I find in the catalogues of Kirby
and Staudinger no reference to any other named variety of Napi.
Whether Sabellicce is an offshoot of the winter or summer form
is not said.

Dr. Weismann sent me i (^ 3 ? labelled " summer genera-
tion, Napa;cB, taken 30 June." The females have a large pale
black apical patch, three large deep black spots beyond cell, the
upper one partly concealed by the paler apical patch, and on
costa of secondaries is a foiirth black spot nearly as conspicuous
as either of the others. On the under side 2^x0. two large black
spots on fore wing corresponding to the lower two of upper side,
the upper spot of that side not being repeated. TJlc spot 07i sec-
ondaries is repeated. Under side of secondaries pale yellow, the
nervures next base bordered with brown scales most heavily on
the costal side. The male has the tip largely pale black, and
but one spot on fore wing, another on costa of secondaries. Be-
neath, primaries have tzvo spots: secondaries are pale yellow,
with a deeper yellozv edging to costa from base to outer ajigle. I
have another male which has two spots on upper side of primaries
and a black dash along inner margin. This also has the yellow
edging spoken of. •

These are therefore the three forms under which the species

86

manifests itself in Europe, Bryonim, Napi, Napoece ; of which
Bryonies may be considered the parent-form, true to its type in
those regions where the climate allows of but one annual genera-
tion. But in some localities, as remarked by Dr. Weismann, it is
intercrossed by Napi, and there must be localities where two
generations find existence, made up of Bryonies and Napi more
or less intercrossed. But generally, in districts not Arctic or
Alpine, the species is represented only by Napi, which then is the
first or winter generation and Napcem, the later or autumnal
generation.

Now let us see how the corresponding American species
agrees with the European, and wherein it has come to differ.

I. Bryonia. Bryoniae of the Arctic and Alpine type is
found in America. I have seen several examples from Behring
Straits, Alaska, and as they are of one type, I conclude this
must there be the only form of the species. The male is white,
the bases of all wings much covered with black scales; so is the
costa of primaries, especially against cell and base. The apex is
usually more or less blackened, and sometimes the hind margin for
half its course has black about the ends of the nervules. So have
the ends of the nervules on secondaries. Sometimes there is a
black spot in the upper median interspace of primaries. Beneath,
the hind wings are either white or faintly yellow-tinted, and the
nervures and their branches are all heavily bordered with gray-
brown, more heavily than any Alpine Bryoni(Ev^\\\Qkv I have seen ;
(Lapland examples I know only from description) ; the apex of
primaries is often yellow and the nervures and branches edged
Avith brown also, but much less than on secondaries.

The female has a much crocked upper surface, the gray
sometimes covering primaries almost to the exclusion of white ;
on secondaries the nervures and branches are all heavily bor-
dered with gray ; of four examples before me, three have a black
spot in upper median interspace, another in sub-median, and
in two there is a third spot in line with these near costa. The
inner margins of the three are also bordered with black. The
fourth example has neither spots nor border ; on the costal
margin of secondaries is a black spot. The under side varies
from pale to deep yellow, and the fore Avings of the three show^ the
black spots, but not very distinctly. (I find the same vari-
ability in these spots in BryonicB of Europe). The Alas-
kan examples are all small, expanding about 1.5 inch ; one ? 1.6
inch.

From Newfoundland, Mr. Mead brought many Bryoniae, all
of large size, expanding 2 to 2.2 inches. The male (of a pair sent
me) is white, the female pale yellow on upper side ; the female
not so much crocked as some European examples, but very like
others, the nervures of upper side not quite so much bordered with
gray as in the Alaskan examples. On the under side, like these

87

last, the nervures and branches are all heavily bordered with dark
gray-brown, much more than in any of my Alpine Bryoniae.
Probably Lapland examples would show this same heavy veining.
Mr. Mead writes: "The dark winter form {Bryoniae) was caught
during the last week in July (in Southern Newfoundland), but
nearly all were more or less battered, and many caterpillars were
nearly full grown at that time." This would make the first
appearance of the early butterflies about ist July, or last week in
June. From these caterpillars Mr. Mead obtained several chrysa-
lids, about 50 percent, of which gave imagos between 15th and
20th August, the duration of the pupa period in such cases being
about two weeks. The remainder have over-wintered. I have
received from Mr. Mead i (^ 2 ? which so emerged in August.
These are of as large size as the parent-form, the $ measuring
2.2 inch, the two females 2 inches. The females at first glance
look like ? Vcnosa, and in the clouding and the spots of upper
side come very close to a female from Vancouver's Island. They
are yellow on both sides like that, but the apical patch is more
continuous, and the nervures on upperside are not edged gray.
Beneath, the nervures of primaries are scarcely more gray than
specimens of Oleracea cestiva, the few scales that are present
being on subcostal and median inside the cell ; secondaries are
moderately edged from base to end of cell, and on the nervures
the scales diminish regularly to the margin.

The male is white as Oleracea ; no black veins on upper side ;
a pale gray apex to primaries, and a little black at bases of wings.
Below, light yellow, immaculate, the scales as in the females.

Now clearly this form is not Venosa. It is the summer gene-
ration in Newfoundland ; Venosa the winter generation in its ter-
ritory. But this is between Venosa and the summer form of same,
Pallida. I call it Acadica.

Evidently, in Newfoundland there is one annual generation
and a partial second generation, and the existence of the species
there must mainly depend on the early chrysalids which over-
winter. A favorable long summer would allow the larvse of the
second brood to go to chrysalis, but a short or cold summer would
not. And, as has been observed in the case of other species of
butterflies in northern regions, nature has made provision against
extinction by carrying part of the chrysalids of the early genera-
tion over to the next year. This partial second generation in
Newfoundland has developed a form not seen on the main land,
where we find the well-defined winter form, Venosa, and its
equally well-defined summer generation, Pallida. Acadica lies
between these two, and is yet a summer form.

Of the intervening country between Northern Alaska and
British Columbia we know nothing, and therefore cannot say
where Bryonice becomes digoneutic, and Venosa comes in. But in
British Columbia and Vancouver's Island we know that Bryonies

88

has disappeared, and Vcnosa, which is the equivalent of Napi, is
the winter form, succeeded by a summer form Pallida, and the
species manifests itself mostly under these two forms to its south-
ern limit on the Pacific Coast.

Except from Alaska and Newfoundland I know of no other
Bryonia^ having been taken.

Pieris Hiilda I consider a modification of Bryonice. When
my Catalogue was published, 1877, I had not seen Bryonice from
Alaska, and did not know that it existed on this continent, and
I regarded Hulda as the extreme arctic type of Bryonice and
its American representative. All the examples of Hulda known
to me (about 25) came from Kodiak Island, and there is probably
something in the climate or food or insulation which has tended
to produce this dwarf form. Both sexes expand from 1.2 to 1.3
inch, but one female is 1.5 inch. The males are white on upper
side, the apical nervules edged with gray. Beneath, both sexes
are alike, the color varying from white to pale and deep yellow ;
and all ncrvures and brandies are so broadly edged zvith ashy-brown
that very little of the ground is seen, only in stripes in middle of
the interspaces. I have seen no European Bryonice whose under
surface is anything like so much obscured as these Hidda. Three
females out of four have the nerves of tipper side bordered with
same brown and in same manner as beneatli, the white ground being
thereby reduced merely to lines and stripes, and these examples
have no spots in the interspaces like the typical ? Bryonice. The
fourth example is a little less obscured, and has a dusky spot in
submedian interspace only, and the inner margin is bordered dusky,
in these respects approaching Bryonice. As stated above, the
fourth Alaskan Bryonice is without spots, and therein it ap-
proaches Hulda. I believe Hulda to be the first American de-
parture from the European type of the species. At any rate, if
this form is Asiatic, as it should be, if found at all in the old
world, I have no information of it. It seems as yet to be
strictly American.

2. Venosa, Scudder. This form is described as having
" the extremities of upper nervures broadly margined zvith black
scales, zvith a spot of same color ijz the upper median interspace, a
black dot at the tips of the nervures on secondaries. The female dif-
fers from the male in having nearly all the nervures on upper side
of primaries somezvhat bordered zvith grayish scales, but most char-
acteristically by the presence of a band of grayish scales along the
posterior border of primaries. BentatJi, as in the darker forms of
Oleracea,'^ (i. e. hycmalis). This describes one phase of Venosa $ ,
and probably the prevailing one ; but some males have no spot
on primaries. I have seen no male zvhich liad any spot on prima-
ries beneath, or on costal margin of secondaries on either side, points
which are characteristic of Napi (or what Dr. Weismann calls " the
ordinary winter form)." The Venosa $ which are immaculate above,

89

are nearest Oleracea hyemalis 5 , but the nervures are blacker in
the former, and the costal margin of primaries is more extensively-
bordered black. Vcnosa ? , so far as I know it, has a second spot
not mentioned by Mr. Scudder, the one in sub-median interspace,
as seen in Napce. In this sex also my examples show no spot be-
7ieath on either iving, but all have a gray patch on upper side of
secondaries on costa. A large percentage of female Venosa are
yellow on upper side, another departure from the European type of
Napi.

Comparing Vcnosa ^ with European examples of TVrt'/z (winter
form) sent me by Dr. Weismann, I find no tangible difference ex-
cept in the presence of the two spots on the under side of primaries
and the costal patch on secondaries, which is seen on all the Napi.
All the Napi have one spot on primaries above, either distinct
and black, or a cluster of black scales, and all have a patch on
secondaries on both sides. These differences seem to be per-
sistent, and indicate a departure in the American type. The
females of the two forms differ also by the presence of the tzuo spots
beneath {Napi), or in their total absence {Venosa^.

Venosa is the winter form in British Columbia, Vancouver's
Island, Oregon, Washington Territory and California, and in all
that region it is followed in its second generation by the summer
form Pallida, Scudder. In the middle of the continent and to the
eastward another winter form has replaced Venosa, viz. ;
Oleracea hyemalis. But not absolutely, for I have from Quebec a
2 not differing in any particular from Venosa $ of Vancouver's
Island. But this occasional appearance is probably owing to re-
version.

Dr. Boisduval, Lep. de la Cal., p. 38, says of Nasturtii $ , de-
scribed as a Californian species : " Is this Pieris an American modi-
fication of our European species or a variety of Oleracea ? It re-
sembles much our Napi, from which it does not greatly differ,
except that beneath the ground is less yellow, with the nervules
more largely dilated .... and finally because tJie two black
spots of the upper side do not appear beloivy This \s Venosa $ , re-
sembling Napi, as I have before said, except in wanting these
spots.

3. Oleracea. The primary form throughout the polar re-
gions of both continents being Bryonies, in the next generation
there has come to be a divergence, some characters being present
in the European [Napi) which are not found (or rarely if at all)
in the American {Vcnosa), as I have shown above. But further,
the American has developed a second distinct zvinter form, viz. :
Oleracea hyemalis, originating apparently with the immaculate
males of Vcnosa. That Oleracea was considered by Dr. Boisdu-
val as peculiar to America is evident from his description, Spec.
Gen. I, p. 518: "-Oleracea: Upper side absolutely as in our
Napi, but zvithout any black mark, so that the four zvings are wholly

90

white, with the base of primaries a little blackened. Under side
as in Napi except that tJicre are no black spots, and that the origin of
casta of secondaries is a little saffron colored. It replaces i7i the
U. S. our Napi." Boisduval, in describing Napi, says nothing of
yellow or orange at the origin of costa of secondaries. When he
speaks of BryonicE he gives that character, " almost always a little
saffron colored," I find some European Napi without any shade
at base of costa deeper than rest of the wing, others with a deeper
yellow there, and in three examples the yellow deepens to pale
orange. This orange shoulder is a persistent character in Oleracea
hyeinalis.

Dr. Harris described Oleracea in N. E. Farmer, and also in
Ins. Mass., thus : " Wings white, dusky next the body ; the tips of
the upper ones yellowish beneath, with dusky veins ; under side
of hind wings straw-color, zvitJi broad dusky vei?is, and tJie a?igles
next the body deep ycllozv!' This is Oleracea Jiyemalis.

In Agassiz' Lake Superior, Dr. Harris says: '■^Oleracea:
Wings yellow- white, the anterior pair dusky on the front edge and
base; tip beneath pale yellow with dusky veins, under side of the
hind wings pale yellow with broad dusky veins and a saffron-
yelloiv spot in the humeral angle. The tip of the fore wing is
often marked with two or three dusky stripes in the males. (The
dusky veining of the hind wings is less distinct in the females than
in the other sex, and is sometimes entirely wanting. Specimens
of the females have been seen, though rarely, with one or two
dusky spots on the upper side of the fore wings). The last
clauses, which I have enclosed in parenthesis, describe the summer
form of the female, but the description of the male is of the
winter form.

I am familiar with Oleracea as it appears in the Catskill
Mountains of New York, having observed it at different
seasons of the year, and bred the larvae from eggs laid by females
in confinement. The male of the typical winter form has the
bases of the wings largely blackened, the costa of primaries heavily
edged withblack, andthe apex more or less so; the anterior nervules
are apt to be edged with black. The under side is either white with
the faintest tint of yellow, or secondaries and the apical area of
primaries are decidedly yellow, and individuals vary between these
extremes. The nervures and branches on secondaries are bordered
with gray-brown, sometimes heavily, sometimes moderately ; so
are the nervures of primaries moderately edged. The shoulders
of secondaries are saffron or deep orange-yellow. Sometimes
there is an indistinct spot on fore wings of male, usually a mere
cluster of scales. The females are colored like the males, but have
the gray at base of primaries more extended ; so also along costa,
but otherwise they agree with the males on both surfaces and
vary in precisely the same manner.

But in the southernmost range of the species, where there is

91

more than one annual generation, some of the early or winter
butterflies assume characters of the summer generation, due
doubtless to intercrossing, which must take place, as be-
lated individuals of the first brood would be on the wing
when the earlier of the second brood appear. In my own experi-
ence I have had both heavy-veined and very light-veined butter-
flies in the spring from chrysalids of same brood of preceding
year from the CatskiHs. Mr, J. Alston Moffat, of Hamilton, On-
tario, has sent me 3^2? taken by him between 13th and 26th
May, 1877, and therefore of the first generation of the year. One
male and one female have the veins moderately heavy ; 2 ^ i ?
light, and like the usual summer generation. And Mr. Moffat
wrote that he had 5^1? remaining, caught at same time, of
which two males were heavily shaded, one remarkably so, two
lightly shaded, and one had the shading scarcely visible, and that
the female corresponded to this last male in the light shading.

Although Vciiosa is the winter form of the Pacific Coast, yet
occasionally an Olcraeea Jiyemalis is brought in by collectors. I
have one male taken in 1880, by Mr. H. K. Morrison, on Mt.
Hood, Oregon, of the extreme type, so far as indicated by the
under surface, which is as heavily veined as a male of Frigida
sent me by Mr. Scudder. Placed side by side I can see no dif-
ference between the two on this surface. But the upper side
is neither grimy nor black-veined, like Frigida, and is like Olcra-
eea of New York.

How far to the north we must go to find Oleraeea monogoneutic
I am unable to say. Kirby says that 3 $ were in the collection made
by Richardson and submitted to him, and that these came from
lat. 65°, which would be not far from the mouth of Mackenzie's
River. What is remarkable is that all of these zvere of the suinnier
type* with merely a few scales on the nervures of secondaries
below. This would imply that two generations fly at that high
latitude, almost at the Arctic sea. On the other hand, I had,
several years ago, from Mrs. Ross, of Fort Simpson, on Macken-
zie's River, about 62° lat., a large number of specimens of Oleraeea,
all more or less heavily veined, the winter type. These were the
Slave Lake examples referred to by Mr. Scudder in his paper on
North American Pierids, 1861, in which he says that the indica-
tions therefrom are " that the paler forms are more commonly met
with in the more southern localities, and the more heavily marked
ones are the characteristic forms of the north." If one might hint
that there was a mistake in labelling those pale butterflies of
Richardson, the mystery would be cleared up, and otherwise I do
not understand at all how Casta, Kirby, could be found at so
high a latitude. A very large part of the lepidoptera described by
Kirby are stated to be from Canada and other more southern
localities. I have now before me five males of this lot from

*Casta, Kirby, being synonymous with Oleraeea cestiva.

92

Slave Lake, and they are alike, immaculate, and heavily veined
on under side. I have no female from Slave Lake to compare
with others.

Several males from Godbout, Pr. Quebec, and from Anticosti,
are like the Slave Lake examples, and four females from Anti-
costi are immaculate, and like the males, heavily veined, etc.
These are Olci-acea var. Borcalis, Grote, Bull. Buf. Acad., 1873 ;
described as having " the markings on the wings much darker
and broader than usual, especially beneath." I had both the
Godbout and Anticosti examples from Mr. William Couper, who
spent two summers on the island and visited Godbout, which is on
the main land, north shore of the St. Lawrence. As Mr. Couper
did not meet with Bryonies, it cannot inhabit Anticosti, although
that island is but one hundred miles from Newfoundland. This var.
Borealis is of great interest in one respect. On the Continent we
do not know where Oleracea becomes single-brooded. In New
York and Canada it is double-brooded. It may be single or
double at Slave Lake ; except for Kirby's statement the evidences
are in favor of its being single. At Godbout, where the snow lies
nine feet deep in winter, and the summers are short, probably it is
single. But in Anticosti, we know from Mr. Couper that the
summer embraces only part of June and all of July, and that by
1st August the weather is turning cold. And it is his opinion
that no species of butterfly on that island has more than one gen-
eration. Originally coming from the main land, Oleracca,yN\\2i\.Q.\Q.x
were its habits there, is, or becomes, single-brooded on the island,
and breeds true to one type, the heavy veined *^xtreme variety of
the winter form. BryonicE in Newfoundland is a relic of glacial
times, maintained by its insulation.

Frigida, Scudder, seems a little removed from typical Oleracea
hyeinalis. It is described as coming from Cariboo Island, Labra-
dor, 2^.2?. The nervures of both wings are said to be more
heavily marked than in the darkest individuals of Oleracea; " the
black scales at base on upper side are more profuse and more
widely spread, frequently bordering the nervures quite heavily ;
indeed, gray scales are more or less scattered over the whole
upper surface, giving the insect a grimy appearance, increased by
the slightest possible yellow tint." "The extreme limits of varia-
tion of Oleracea do by no means permit us to include within its
boundaries this form ; it is more heavily marked than the extremes
of Oleracea^ It is also stated that the hind wings of the male
" are proportionately narrowed across the hind margin, and
broader across a line parallel to it, near the base of the wing, than
in male Oleracea; or, in otherwords, the secondaries of Frigida are
relatively more quadrate and those of Oleracea more triangular^
No special mention is made of female Frigida, and it is to be pre-
sumed that in general it resembles the male. In reply to a
recent note on this subject, Mr. Scudder says : " I have only 2 S ,

93

no ? . The S is like Oleracca hyemalis, but is duller, yellower,
and has longer hind wings with much longer discoidal cells T In
originally describing this form Mr. Scudder had before him my
Slave Lake examples, and when he says that Frigida " is more
heavily marked than the extremes of Oleracca^' he included in this
last individuals as extreme as var. Borcalis. Frigida is another
island form brought over from the main land, beyond doubt single-
brooded, and seems to have acquired some peculiarities of its own.

The summer brood, cestivaoi Oleracea,\s often of larger size of
wings, and the wings are thinner, and purer white on upper side
than in hyemalis. So the base is less obscured, the costa, apex
and hind margin not at all. On under side it is either white or
delicate yellow ; the veins of both wings are but scantily edged
with brown scales, and often not at all over considerable areas.
The females have the basal and apical areas pale gray, and not infre-
quently there is a trace of the spot of Napi on upper median inter-
space. Sometimes also a trace of the second spot (in sub-median
interspace), and of the gray bordering to inner margin of prima-
ries. The veins beneath are rather more edged with brown scales
than in the male. The shoulders of hind wings are of a very pale
yellow (in hyemalis decidedly yellow or saffron), and often there
is no color at all. There is some difference in the shape of the
wings in each sex, some individuals having the apex of primaries
more rounded than others, and secondaries more narrow.

I have found that eggs laid by females of hyemalis in confine-
ment produce the same season butterflies, aestiva, and that
eggs laid by (estiva produce the following spring hyemalis. But
in one instance from eggs of cestiva, laid in the Catskills, there
emerged, at Coalburgh, the io\\o\\{r\gM.3.xc:]\,tiuo bntterjlies, one of
which was as true (.estiva asthepare7it, the other hyemalis.

The summer form is identical with Casta, Kirby, described as
having the wings white ; black scales sprinkled over costa of
primaries ; secondaries beneath, with a few scattered black scales
along the nervures. The female Oleracea of Harris, in Agassiz'
Lake Superior, is this (jestiva, as before mentioned.

Boisduval also described P. Cruciferarwn,S'^ec. Gen., 51^, $.
A little smaller than Raixe. " Upper side of the wings almost the
same white, immaculate ; primaries having only the anterior third
of the costa and a part of the base dusted gray. Under side of
secondaries and summit of primaries washed with very pale
sulphur-yellow ; secondaries have the origin of costa of a light
yellow-orange. It replaces onr Ratxe in the middle U. S." As
Rap(e was then (1836) unknown in N. A., this could only be
Oleracea (estiva. That is, it is the summer generation of what
Boisduval had before described as Oleracea.

Venosa, therefore, represents Napi (winter form) at the ex-
treme west, and Oleracea hyemalis represents the same Napi to
the eastward, in almost all known localities. Specimens from

94

Nevada and Colorado are usually immaculate and not distin-
guishable from Olcracca hyemalis. This form and typical Venosa
are considerably unlike, but their summer generations approach
and are often precisely alike. The summer generation of
Venosa is Pallida Scudder, described ; ^ as •' immaculate, yellowish
beneath, with sometime a few indistinct grayish scales scattered
along the nervules ; otherwise quite immaculate. The female
has, in addition, a band of grayish scales on the posterior border of
primaries, and a spot or cluster of grayish scales in upper median
interspace." All this is but the description of many examples of
Oleracea mstiva $ , and of all males. But the variety of the
summer form of Venosa, which has a black spot on primaries, was
not before Mr. Scudder when he drew up his description. This
is Castoria, Reakirt, the male only described ; it is said to have
^^ a rounded black spot on the medio-superior interspace of primaries ;
no other markings; underneath immaculate." Castoria, then, is
one sub-form. Pallida the other, and both undoubtedly appear in
same brood, i. e., in the generation following and proceeding from
Venosa,

Of four $ under view from Lake Lahache, Brit. Col., 2 are
immaculate {Pallida), 2 have a light spot {Castoria). I have but
one ? and that has no spot, but the marginal border is gray.
From Vancouver's Island i ^ is immaculate, one has half a dozen
scales only in place of a spot ; but a third $ has a black spot.
With these are 2 2 and both have the two spots of N'api and
dark border. i $ from Oregon is immaculate. Four males
from Washington Terr, are immaculate ; but the 2 ? with them
have both spots and the border. 0)ie of these is yelloiv on upper
side. Two males from California have the upper spot only, their
females both spots and the border. One female from southern
Colorado has both spots and border, but the males accompanying
are immaculate, and may be called either Pallida or Oleracea
(Estiva.

It appears therefore that while several males from the Pacific
coast, under view, are immaculate {Pallida), about one-half have
the spots in greater or less degree {Castoria), but that all the
females except one have, on the upper surface, the spots and
dark border to primaries which characterises Napi, and the one
exception has the dark border. One female Pallida from Wash-
ington Terr, is of a pale but decided yellow on both surfaces —
another departure. I have noticed this in no Oleracea cestiva.
Just as from Rajycp., in New England, there has developed a yellow
form, the Nova-Angliae of Scudder.

We have seen then that starting with the common form
Bryonice, the next generation, Napim Europe, Venosa in America,
differs perceptibly. Also that Venosa has an offshoot in Oleracea
hyemalis which occupies a more extensive territory than the
parent. Now the second generation of these two, which corre-

95

spends to NapCEce, is far removed from that form. Pallida $ is
immaculate on both sides, its co-form Castoria has a spot on
primaries, otherwise immaculate on both sides. The common ?
has a gray border to inner margin of primaries, and a spot on same
wing: otherwise immaculate on both surfaces. Olcracea wstiva
$ is immaculate on both surfaces, the ? also, except that a few
scales sometimes suggest a spot on upper side, and sometimes
there is a slight and pale bordering to inner margin.

But Napcece $ has o)ic or two black spots and marginal
border, two spots on tinder side, a spot at outer angle of hind zvings
on both sides ; the zvhole costal idge on under hind wing deep yellow,
things never seen in American examples. The <? has two or
three large and deep black spots, &c. In fact, THE $ Nap^^
RESEMBLES BrASSICtE $ MORE CLOSELY THAN IT RESEMBLES
THE FEMALE OF THE CORRESPONDING AMERICAN FORM.

4. ViRGINlENSlS. I described this form as Pieris Virgtni-
ensis in Butterflies of N. A., vol. i, and gave accurate figures of both
sides of both sexes. The male above is more or less obscured by-
brown, or dusted with brown, and often to a considerable degree.
In some examples the brown scales are scattered over the whole
surface, but are dense on apex, costa and basal half of primaries,
and at base and along the principal nervures of secondaries ; a
gray patch also on costa of secondaries. Under side always
white {Oleracea and Pallida are most often yellow), the nervures and
branches bordered zuith ashy-brozvn of a shade not found in any
American form except Hulda. Individuals vary in the extent of
this brown, from slight to very considerable. The female has the
upper surface more obscured, and the brown edging to the
nervures and branches is sometimes so extensive as almost to
conceal the ground color, as in Hulda. Virginicnsis is smaller than
Oleracea, the males averaging 1.7, and no female examined ex-
panding over 1,9 inch. The wings as a rule are longer and
narrower than Oleracea, though the latter, as before stated, varies
in this respect ; and they are delicate as in Oleracea cestiva if
any thing more delicate and thinner.

The first examples of Virgmiensis ever seen by me were re-
ceived from Mr. Wm. Saunders, the $ having been taken in On-
tario, the s at Quebec. They were sent as Oleracea with several of
the latter. I have three males from north and south Colorado. In
my collection I have 12 examples, 5 being those mentioned, and
7 from Coalburgh. Mr. Mead has taken a female at Stony
Clove, Hunter, N. Y., on the Catskill Mountains.

For several years, and up to 1872, a few individuals were
taken at Coalburgh in each year, usually in April, once in last half
of March, and once only in May, and there was no other Pieris
flying at the same season in these years except Ver)ialis, the spring
form of Protodice, and that was seen very rarely, some years not

96

at all. The dates of capture of Virginicnsis, or when they were
seen, but not captured, are recorded in my journal thus :

1867, nth April took i $

1 87 1, 20th March took i $

2ISt " " 2 (5

" 7th April saw 2 ?

1868, 24th April " I ?

" 8th " saw I $

1869, 25th " " I s

9th " took 4 $

28th " " 12$

1872, 17th " " I $

1870. 15th May " I ?

" 29th " "5,?

The spring of 1870 was cold, and we had ten inches snow-
fall on i8th April. In 1871, on the other hand, we had fine
weather all through March, and peach trees were in bloom on
the nth. Therefore the appearance of Virginicnsis, so early as
20th March, 1871, and so late as 15th May, 1870, is accounted for.
Strictly, it is an April butterfly, coming with the early flowers.

No second generation appeared here in these years. In the
first place, it is hardly possible that I, myself, should have failed to
take or see individuals of a later generation if there were any.
One single example during these six years would have served to
attest the existence of a second generation. Also, I had boys in
my employ instructed to take everything ; and of Virginicnsis sub-
sequent to May, or of a second generation, none appeared in their
collectings. In the next place, between 1867 and 1872, the late
Mr. Ridings, a most indefatigable collector, spent one whole
season here, and again the month of September. Mr. Julius E.
Meyer, a month in midsummer of two years, and again in Septem-
ber. Mr. Mead collected here repeatedly, both before and after
1872. All these gentlemen were experts with eye and hand, and
thoroughly acquainted with North American diurnals, but no
one of them found an example of the second generation of
Virginiensis. Therefore I assert with confidence that such a
generation has no existence here.

In 1874, Rapte first made its appearance in this valley. I
recorded as follows: 1874, 17th September, " took i $ Rapce, the
first of this species ever seen here by me." On 6th Oct., " saw seve-
ral Rapm.' In 1875, 8th April, " saw several Rapac^' and from that
day to this the species has abounded all the season. I was ab-
sent from home from ist April to 15th May, 1873, ^"d so know
nothing of Virgi7iiensis that year; but since 1873 I have not seen
one example, though I have carefully sought for it in the hope of
breeding from the Qg'g, and so learning its history.

But so long as Rapae is a thousand to one, the weaker species
will be overlooked at least, being undistinguishable on the wing
among so many white butterflies of same size, and probably will
soon become extinct. Perhaps it is already extinct in this locality.
I hear from Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York and Can-
ada, the same story of the absolute disappearance of Oleracca
where, fifteen years ago, it abounded, before Rapae, had con-
quered the country.

97

I have no information as to the month in which Virginic7isis
has been taken in any northern or western locahty, except in the
one instance spoken of, when Mr. Mead captured a female, which
was in the last week of June, 1873, in the Catskills. This was un-
doubtedly one of the first generation. (Stony Clove has an eleva-
tion of 2,500 feet, and the trees there are not fully in leaf before
June.") Mr. Mead set this female in a bag on the food plant and
obtained many eggs. In a letter dated July loth, he says he
had then but one larva, one quarter grown, which would be after
the second moult. July i8th, he had sent the chrysalis from this
larva to Miss Peart for a drawing, and the drawing I have. Mr.
Mead informs me that from this chrysalis emerged Oleracea.

We must conclude, therefore, that Virginiensis is an offset of
Oleracea hyemalis. It is singular that it should be so, differing
as this form does from hyemalis in the delicacy of the wings, their
pure ivJiite color beneath, and in the paleness of the yellow humeral
border. All which is in direct contrast to hyemalis. So the wings
are narrower than in hyemalis, and the gray brown dusting and
bordering of the nervules is in strong contrast with the same
form. It would seem in several respects more likely to have
come from cestiva. In West Virginia, this form Virginiensis is
also of the winter generation, and breeds true to its type, as
appears by all the examples taken during a series of years. As I
have said before, it has no second brood in Virginia. The offshoot
of a polygoneutic species has become single-brooded or monogo-
neutic. This is probably the result of climate. Oleracea, Napi,
Bryoniae, all are northern forms. The fauna of this region is
southern, whether botanical, ornithological or entomological, or at
least much more southern than northern, and the long hot sum-
mers are not favorable to this Pieris. The mild winter permits a
modified form, more like the summer generations of the north than
the winter generation, and this is held true to type by there being
no second brood.

The first or original winter form. Bryonies, was left in the sole
possession of its arctic territory, after, by its southward emigra-
tion, a climate had been reached which allowed two annual gen-
erations to mature, and what then began as the summer form
ended by displacing its parent over the sub-boreal regions, and
itself became the second winter form, Venosa; developing a sec-
ond generation of its own. Pallida. But, collaterally, through
Oleracea hyemalis comes Virginiensis which along the southern
limit has in its turns displaced Venosa, being in sequence of de-
rivation the third winter form. But this has no second generation,
and in habit is like an Anthocharis, in which genus the butterflies
appear in spring, and have no second brood, all the chrysalids
going over to the next year. In fact, Virginiensis has parted com-
pany with Venosa and the rest, and has become a true species,
although unquestionably, in a higher latitude, it appears as an
occasional aberration only of Oleracea.

98

The chrysalis of Virginiensis as appears by the colored drawing
spoken of is of precisely the same shape as that oi Olcracea. It has
a minimum of black dots over its surface. On the other hand the
chrysalis of Bryonies from Newfoundland shows a maximum of
these dots, and several little dusky clouds or spots, as might
be expected from the clouded and spotted wings which are to is-
sue therefrom. The chrysalis of Vcnosa, from California, comes
next to Bryonies in these marks : that of Olcracea var. Borcalis,
from Anticosti, having few marks, like Olcracea in New York. I
have drawings of all these ; and of all but Virginie^isis have
preserved chrysalids also. There is not the least difference in
shape in these chrysalids.

We are now prepared to tabulate the American forms derived
from Bryonies, and I contrast them with the corresponding Euro-
pean forms :

EUROPEAN. AMERICAN.

1. Arctic form BRYONIA, Ochs. i. Arctic form BRYONIA, Ochs.

var. HULDA, Edw.

2. Winter form NAPI, Esper. 2. i. Winter form VENDS A, Scud.

Nasturtii, Bois.

aberr. 2 flava.
2. Winter form OLERACEA HYE-
MALIS, Harr.
Oleracea, Bois.
var. A. BOREALis, Grote.
" B. FRIGIDA, Scud,
aberr. VIRGINIENSIS, Edw.

3. I. Summer form ACADICA.

2. Summer form a. PALLIDA,

Scud.

i^. ^ CASTORIA,
Reak.
aberr. flava.

3. Summer form OLERACEA ES-
TIVA, Harr.

Casta, Kirby.
Cruciferarum,
Bois.

4. Species (Southern) VIRGINIEN-
SIS, Edw.

I believe this to be an accurate statement of the phases
of the American forms derived from Bryonies, and it is
based on my own acquaintance with them. Not being so
familiar with the European derived forms, and restricted to des-
criptions, plates, catalogues and such specimens as I could collect
by the aid of friends, I can only give the three principal and
well-known manifestations, doubtless omitting some important
variations not named. But the general statement on one side,
and the particular one on the other, are sufificient to show how
climate and environment affect the descendants from a common
parent-form. How the differences, at first slight, gradually become

3, Summer form NAPyE^, Esper.

99

considerable, and at last the outcome of the derived forms on
the two continents is distinct, the late descendants being parted
by specific differences. How an aberration leads to a permanent
variety ; how insulation produces permanent varieties ; how a
variety becomes a species, breeding true, not subject to reversion,
and adapted by change of habit to altered circumstances

Note. — Since this paper was put to press, I have received
from Dr. Staudinger 2 S and 2 ? of Lapland Bryonm.

One of the males has the nervules and branches of under side
of secondaries bordered with brown in same manner as the
Alpine examples spoken of; but the other has an excess of the
brown edging, so that nothing of the ground color of the wing is
seen except a narrow stripe in cell and streaks in the interspaces
of the nervules. In this respect this example resembles Hiilda.

Note on Plates. — These were drawn and printed in London,
and no opportunity for correction of errors could be given. Figs.
7, II, and 13 would represent the forms as having black spots on
under side of primaries, contrary to the statement of the text.
The artist has mistaken discoloration caused by the transparency
of the wing, and only apparent when held to the light, for spots ;
but in all these butterflies the surface is absolutely free from
black scales at the points indicated, and is white or yellow,
whereas in Napi and Napace the black spots of underside are
caused by black scales laid on.

Description of Plates.

PLATE 2.

WINTER FORMS.
European.

1 . BryonicB (Alps) $

2. Napi (Germany) ^

3. NapcBce " ?

American.

4. Bryonice (Newfoundland) .. .. ?

5. Hulda (Alaska, &c.) ?

6. Venosa (California) $

7- " " ?

8. Oleracea hye malt's (New York). . i

9. Borealis (Anticosti) $

PLATE 3.

SUMMER FORMS.

American.

10. Acadica (Newfoundland) $

"• " " ?

12. Pallida (Vancouver's Island).. $

13. « « " ..?

14. Castoria (California) $'

15. Oleracea cestiva (New York). . . $

16. " •' " ... $

17. Virginiensis (Coalburgh.W.Va. ?

18. " " " . <5

lOO

DESCRIPTION OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF N. AMERICAN

MOTHS.

By Hy. Edwards.

EULEUCOPH.EUS SORORIUS. 11. Sp.

? . Primaries pale reddish brown, a little paler at the pos-
terior margin. The lines are broad white, the inner one oblique,
not curved, and not reaching to the costa, the outer one slightly
waved about the centre towards the posterior margin. In the
median space, a little nearer to the inner than the outer line, is
an oblong discal mark of yellowish brown. The costa at the base
is brownish, in the median space it is flecked with white scales,
and at the apex it is white from the junction of the exterior line.
Fringe and internal margin whitish, with a pink tinge.

Secondaries, dull reddish brown, paler on the disc ; the ner-
vures very strong and distinct ; the fringes clear white.

Beneath, the wings are pale reddish brown, the bands of the
primaries faintly exhibited.

The fringes and the costal margin of secondaries clear white.
Head, red brown, orange at the base of the antenna;. Thorax,
red brown, with long grizzled hairs. Abdomen, chestnut brown,
with broken whitish lateral bands. Antennae beneath and tarsi
bright orange.

Exp. wings, 3.00 inch.

I, ?. La Paz, Lower California.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Gloveria Arizonensis. Packd.

$ . A specimen of this very rare insect is in my possession,
and is, as far as I am aware, the only example of the ? sex
known. It differs considerably from the figure of the $ in
Mr. H. Strecker's " Lepidopt.Rhoph. et Heta-y PI. 15, and I there-
fore offer the following description:

Primaries, brownish gray, covered wath very long hairs, which
have their origin at the base of the scales. These hairs are white
at their tips, and give the insect a very grizzled appearance. Of
the lines enclosing the median space, the basal one has a small
tooth directed inwardly at its centre, while the exterior line is
slightly curved throughout its length ; the space between it and
the outer line being rather widest on the costa- In the median
space, nearest to the basal line, is a round white spot, clearer
than is represented in the ? . The submarginal line is nearly
parallel with the median line, with the posterior edges dentate,
though the teeth are not so deep as in Mr. Strecker's figure.
Fringes concolorous. Secondaries, chocolate brown, with a gray-
ish tinge, the hairs fewer than those on the primaries. Fringe,
dusky white, speckled with gray. Beneath, the wings are all
brownish gray, with the same grizzled appearance as on the up-

lOI

ger surface ; the fringes being wholly dusky white, mottled with

pray.

Exp. wings. 3.15 inch.

Prescott, Arizona.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.
Plusia celsa. n. sp.

Allied to P. %-scripta and P. U. aureum, but with the ground
color of the wings of a paler shade of grey. There is also a re-
semblance to faded examples of P. viridisigma, Grote. The lines
are all distinct, the spaces between them being deeply shaded
with blackish, especially towards the internal margin. The t. a.
line is whitish, edged with black, and becomes almost obsolete on
the median nervule. The t. p. line is nearly even throughout its
length, whitish, and as the t. a. line, edged with black. The sub-
marginal line bold, distinct, toothed as in P. viridisigma, and
shading into bright, pale grey on the margins. Metallic spot,
greenish golden, generally, though not always, divided into two
portions, the lower being a circular spot, and the upper triangular;
the base resting on median nervule. Where joined by a small
golden line, the spot in shape resembles that of P. Gamma, L.
Secondaries ochraceous, with broad dusky margin and dusky
shading at base. Fringe sordid white. Underside of primaries
dusky, of secondaries ochraceous, with discal spots strongly
marked ; some whitish dashes on primaries, the margin of sec-
ondaries dusky. Fringes, alternately white and dusky.

Size of P. U-aureum.

2 $. I ?. Mt. Hood, Oregon. (H. K. Morrison.)
I ? . Dalles, Oregon. (Hy. Edwards.)

Type. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Xanthothrix Neumoegeni. n. sp.

Whole insect, rich bright orange. Primaries with basal line
wanting. A median and sub-marginal band rather broad, brown-
ish orange, the inner one curved at the middle, and bent ob-
liquely towards the costa ; the outer slightly dentate, on the apex
a paler spot. Margins brownish orange. Fringe orange, darker
at extremity of nervules, which are very strongly marked, brown-
ish. Secondaries with small blotch at base, a lunate discal spot,
and the apex brownish. Under surface, wholly orange, with a
faint discal spot on primaries. Head, thorax, abdomen and legs,
wholly orange. Antenna brownish.
Exp. wings. 0.85 inch.

Sta. Barbara Co., Cal. Mr. T. L. Mead. S. California, H. K.
Morrison.

Types. Coll. B. Neumoegen, Hy. Edwards.
I have dedicated this exquisite species to my friend Mr. B.
Neumoegen, whose earnest labors in his favorite science are
worthy of the widest recognition, and to whom I am indebted
for much valuable assistance.

VOLUME 1.

A.H Searle del eilrtli-

T^NTER FORMS,

Mintem Bros imp.

VOLUME 1.

AH Searle dd etlith.

SUMMER FORMS.

Mintern Bros iiTip .

PAPILIO.

Prgan of tl^e fJew Jork pntomological piub.

Vol. 1.] July, 1881. [No. 7.

NOTES ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

By Arthur G. Butler.

Our good friend, Mr. Henry Edwards, has recently presented
to the British Museum a series of 115 Lepidoptera with pupa-
cases &c. ; and, as at the same time, he writes that a few notes on
these insects might prove interesting to the readers of " Papilio''
I gladly forward observations on the Sphingidce, which (if accept-
able) I will supplement by remarks on the other groups.

Hemaris CYNOGLOSSUM. H. Ediv.

This species is nearly allied to the Texan insect to which I
gave the name of H. nietathetis. It differs in being slightly
smaller and with the external dark brown border of the primaries
of only two-thirds the width ; these appear to be the only note-
worthy distinctions between the two forms.

Pterogon clarkIvE. Boisd.

This species, of which we previously possessed specimens
presented by Lord Walsingham, although very similar in colora-
tion to P. cenotheriB of Europe, agrees better structurally with my
recently described genus Cinogon, differing from the latter prin-
cipally in its even less dentated wings and better developed anal
tuft. \{ Lepisesia victoria be conspecific with P. clarkice the gen-
eric name ought certainly to be retained for this species. The
name Proserpimis must be rejected altogether, as it is the orig-
inal name of P. CBuotJicrce; (which should therefore stand as Pter-
ogoji ^ proserpina' of Pallas).

Deidamia inscripta. Harr.

Seems, excepting in the form of secondaries, to be interme-
diate in structure between Lophiira contimia (of Brazil) and Am-
phio7i nessus: It also seems allied to Mimas and Cypa, two old
world genera of SmerinthincB. To which has it really most affinity ?

Enyo lugubris. Linn.

The example sent by Mr. Edwards was taken at Indian River,

I04

Florida, and agrees with examples of E. camertiis, Cramer, in the
Museum collection from Mexico. I am, however, quite prepared
to believe that this red form is merely a common sport of the
Linnean species.

.Ampelophaga versicolor. Harris.

I am very much interested in seeing this species for the first
time; judging by Strecker's figure only, I referred it to Elibia, but
(as he has himself declared) " the only point in common be-
tween " E. dolichus " and versicolor is the pale dorsal line,"
though strictly speaking, Strecker should have said the only
salient point, since, to mention another point, they are both
Sphingid<r.

Now, that I have examined and compared versicolor in the
chitine, (I suppose I must not say " in the flesh" ) I find that it
agrees in every detail of structure and nearly every detail of pat-
tern with AmpJielopliaga rubiginosa, of Bremer, from China and
Japan.

From OtHS choerilus and inyroji, Avipelophaga is distinguished
by its less falcated and less distinctly sinuous (the German word
'• geschwungen" best expresses the character) outer margin of the
primaries, fuller secondaries, well defined dorsal line on the body
and more curved banding of the primaries. I mention the color
characters because they usually represnt a sub-generic if not a
generic value.

Chcerocampa tersa. Linn.

An example from Florida sent by Mr. Edwards comes
nearest to specimens in the collection from Mexico.

Deilephila lineata. Linn.

So far as I have hitherto been able to judge, this moth does
not vary in anything but size, 66 to lOO millimetres in our ex-
amples.

Philampelus achemon. Drury.

Mr. Edwards has sent us the pale variety of this beautiful
species, and although I have no remarks to make about it, I may
perhaps be permitted to speak of another New World Sphingid,
recently referred by Dr. Burmeister to this genus.

Quite recently, through the generosity of Walter de Roths-
child, (the eldest son of Sir Nathaniel) we acquired a specimen of
the P. Eos of Burmeister from Buenos Ayres, and I am quite sat-
isfied from a careful comparis6n of this species with the whole of
our Sphinges that it is either an Ambiilyx or a genus extremely
close to it, and has no affinity to Philampelus.

Smerinthus opthalmicus. Boisd.

I am glad to find that I rightly identified this species in my
" Revision of the Sphingidae," although at the time I had very
little doubt about it.

Sphinx chersis, var. oreodaphne. H. Edw.

If this form is constant to any district, I see no reason why

I05

It should not be regarded as a distinct species ; it is not only
considerably smaller than our examples of 5. chersis, but the pri-
maries are comparatively shorter and the coloration decidedly
bluer in character.

Sphinx perelegans. H. Edw.

Although nearly allied to 5. chersis, this species (in the pat-
tern and coloration of the secondaries) takes a step in the direc-
tion of 5. leucophceata.

Anceryx edwardsii, sp. n.

Allied to A. fasciata Swainson, and A. alope Drury; the pri-
maries altogether blacker, more sericeous, the zigzag black lines
more equally angulated between second median branch, and inner
margin relieved by a white instead of a pale brown background,
the central black line on the dorsal abdominal band less strongly
defined than in A. fasciata, and therefore similar to that of A.
alope. Expanse 8i millimetres.

Indian River, Florida. H. Edzv.

Mr. Edwards sent a male example with note — " We have
called this Anceryx scyron, but think we must be in error. Will
you kindly tell me its real name," — and as it does not belong to
the scyron group (Genus Isognathus Felder) and moreover has
not hitherto been named to my knowledge, I have taken the lib-
erty of dedicating it to my excellent friend.

Isognathus scyron is a species occurring in Surinam, of which
I have hitherto seen only one example, and that not in our col-
lection ; like my/, metascyron it has a red-brown abdomen banded
with black.

Anceryx alope (unlike the species of Isognathus) has a
brownish white body transversely banded with black, and dor-
sally banded with dark grey striped with black, the anal segment
being of a reddish wood-brown color at the sides and black in
the centre ; the wings and thorax are pale red brown, but so
widely suffused and striped with dull slatey grey and black that
very little of the ground color appears, an oblique diffused streak
across the median interspaces and cut by the zigzag discal* lines
"whitey-brown (but not white) ; the secondaries are bright orange
to a little beyond the middle, the remainder being dull black
with the border very slightly greyish and a marginal series of
intense black dashes, or in other words an interrupted black mar-
ginal line : from this form Swainson's A. fasciata is distinguished
by its distinctly whiter body, paler primaries, which are often
largely varied with the red or whity-brown of the ground colors.
In A. Edivardsii, on the other hand, this reddish brown coloration
is confined to the thorax and the fringe of the wings.

Cauthetia, sp.

*' yEnosanda noctuiformis, Walk" on label.

(Two examples) Indian River, Florida.

I hope Mr. Edwards will describe this pretty little species ; it

* Guenee and others have wrongly used this term instead of '■'■ discoidal" in speaking of mark-
ings upon the wing-cell.

io6

does not agree with Walker's type from St. Domingo, the prim-
aries are considerably darker, and the dark brown border of the
secondaries of only half the width : it must be distinct.

A PARASITE IN ^GERIA SYRINGE. HARR.

By G. H. French, Carbondale, 111.

When examining the stems of some lilac bushes in my yard,.
I found a place in the bark of one where it seemed that an
yEgerian pupa might soon protrude for the purpose of liberating
the moth. Upon cutting away the thin iilm of bark, I found the
end of a chrysalis visible. I carefully cut away the wood, took
this out and put it in a jelly dish surrounded with lilac leaves to
prevent its drying up, and waited for the imago to come forth.
June 5th, a week after the chrysalis had been put into the jelly
dish, I saw something among the leaves which I supposed was
the expected moth, but which proved to be a hymenopter.
I did not know but the insect might be one of the boring bees
that often resort to the holes left by ^gerians in which to rear
their young, but an examination of both the insect and the
empty pupa case assured me that I had a parasite. The chry-
salis was certainly that of an yEgerian, having all the character-
istic marks of the pupse of that family ; and the insect in emerg-
ing from it had gnawed a hole near the end on the left side
instead of the usual method of emergence of insects from their
own pupa cases. More than this, the specimen was a true Ich-
neumonide and not a Crabronide as I at first thought it might
be. This is the first time I have known of any parasite working
in the ^gerians.

I make the parasite to be Phcsogenes Ater, Cres. It is shining
jet black, 40 of an inch long, the antennae 25 jointed, the first 8
black, the next 4 white and the rest dark brown. The joints of
the legs are a little pale.

It is impossible for me to say when the parasite was intro-
duced into its host ; but it must have been before it pupated,
because the chrysalis when taken from the bush was entire, show-
ing no broken place. That the ^gerian was y^. Syringes, I have
no doubt, as I do not know of any other boring in the lilac.

LEPIDOPTEROLOGICAL NOTES.*
By Professor C. V. Riley.

Plusia BRASSIC^, Riley (Rep. II. p. in). — Notwithstanding
its close resemblance to ni, the best authorities agree with Zeller
in considering it distinct, as it certainly is. Strangely enough

♦From advance sheets of Bulletin 6, U. S. Ent. Comm., being General Index and Supplement to the
Missouri Entomological Reports.

this same brassicce, or what is extremely close to it, occurs also in
South Europe and is figured in Stainton's Entomologisf s Anmial
for 1870 as P. ni, one specimen having been found on the south
coast of England, which specimen Zeller, ashe wrote me, believes
to have come from America. Staudinger would probably charac-
terize brassicm as a "species Darwiniana," and there are doubtless
individuals of both the species which approach each other so
closely as to be undistinguishable. There is such variation in the
silver spot in either that it cannot be depended on alone, but
Speyer (Europaisch-Americanische Verwandtschaften ; Stettincr
Ent. Zeit., June, 1875, p. 165) has presented other differences that
are constant in detail, the most noticeable of which are the darker
and more irrorate coloring and the interrupted and wavy terminal
line of brassicw, against the paler, smoother, more metallic color-
ing and the perfectly straight and unbroken terminal line of 7ii.

The larva is the most common cabbage pest in the Southern
States, and is infested with an undetermined parasite, Mr. E. A.
Popenoe has found its feeding on the leaves of Crepis, and what
appears to be the same has been found by my assistant on
Clover, Dandelion, Scnecio scandens, and Chenopodiuin.

GORTYNA NITELA Guen. (Rep. I. p. 92) — I have proved by
breeding that G. ncbris Gn. is but a large, southern form of this
species. In the Southern States it is most common in stems of
Ambrosia trifida, often producing a swelling or pseudo-gall. Both
forms are indiscriminately bred with intermediate variations. See
an article by Miss E. A. Smith (7th Report on the insects of Illi-
nois, Cyrus Thomas, pp. 1 12-1 14) for additional food-plants and
the habit of the younger larvae to infest wheat-stalks, corn, etc.
See also Am. Ent. I, p. 252; my " Potato Pests" (Orange, Judd
& Co., 1877, p. 91) and Prairie Fanner, August 11, 1877. The
insect normally purpates in the stem and when infesting thin
stalks like those of most cereals and blue-grass (in which it also
is found), often of necessity leaves one stalk for another.

Anomis xylina. Say (Rep. II, p. 37; VI, 17) — This has since
been referred by Grote to Hiibner's Aletia argillacea, which has
been generally adopted. See Bulletin 3 of the Commission on
the Cotton Worm. While it will doubtless be found convenient
in future to separate it from the other species of the ^&X[.\x% Anomis
and Hiibner's generic name may therefore obtain, I must confess
after a careful examination of Hiibner's figure of argillacea to
grave doubts as to the correctness of Grote's reference thereto
of our Cotton-worm Moth {xylina, Say). Hiibner's figure lacks
several of the most constant characteristics oi xylina. It is fulvo-
testaceous shaded with brown, with the under side bright yellow.
It lacks the three white specks on primaries and has a dark {orbi-
cular f) spot in place of the outer one. It has a large white cir-
cular spot with black annulus in place of the dusky elongate discal
spot with its double pupil. The wavy lines are almost black and

io8

differ in form ; the fringes are unicolorous, and the abdomen is
narrower. The figure more nearly represents in fact a species
which I have received from Bahia, Brazil, and which differs from
xylina, though the larva (also quite different) feeds on cotton.

We are all inclined to follow determinations of those who make
a specialty of any group, but after due allowance for faulty color-
ing in Hiibner's figure, I am constrained to believe that in this
instance Mr. Grote has been in fault.

Pempelia GROSSULARL-^ Packard (Rep. I, p. 140) — The
European ZopJiodia convolutella Hiibn. {Phycis grossulariclla
Treitschke), which has precisely similar habits, closely resembles
this species. In 1871 I compared it with this last in Mr. Stain-
ton's collection and with specimens received from Prof. Zeller and
could detect no essential differences. The Luropean specimens
are slightly larger, with broader wings and usually clearer, paler
gray coloring. Colorational markings are, however, very variable
in specimens from both sides of the Atlantic.

P. grossularice Packard was subsequently described by Grote
as Dakruma turbatella (Bull. U. S. Geol.-Geog. Survey, IV, No.
3, p. 702 ; 1878). Dakruma seems to differ from ZopJwdia in noth-
ing but the absence of the basal portion of the subcostal vein and
possibly, although this character is not mentioned by Grote, in
the recurved palpi. According to the synoptical table given by
Yi€vci&v(\zxiVL, grossiilaricB would fall in the genus Stcnoptycha, dis-
tinguished from ZopJiodia by the recurved palpi. We may well
question the generic value of this character, for different authors
describe it quite differently: thus, Heineman describes the palpi
of Stenoptycha and Hoineosonia as recurved, whereas Grote de-
scribes them as porrect in these two genera, if we accept his state-
ment tiiat Hoiiora Grote is to be considered a section of Stenop-
tycha: there appears also to be a difference in position in speci-
mens of the same species, according as the palpi are heavily
scaled or have lost the scales. From the known individual variation
in the venation of these and other moths, especially in the hind
wings, we cannot attach any specific, much less any generic, value
to the slight difference in the subcostal vein of Dakruma noted
above. Moreover, authentic specimens o{ grossularia; do not ap-
pear to possess this character of Dakruma. I am, therefore, of
opinion that a study of sufficient material from both continents
will prove the two specifically identical, or at the most that our
American insect is a variety, and that Dakruma will not obtain.
Packard is of this opinion, as in the later editions of his Guide
the species is called Myelois convohitella.

Penthina VITIVORANA Packard (Rep. I, p. 133). — This is
identical with a European insect having the same habits. It was
first described over a century since by Schiffermiller & Denis as
Tortrix botrana, and has been referred to various genera since,
and finally to Eudemis Hiibn., so that the insect should be known

I09

as Eudeniis botrana (Schiff.). Conchylis ambiguella (Hiibn.) has very-
similar habits in Europe. See Nordlinger's "Die Kleinen Feinde
der Landwirthschaft," p. 424 ff. It is the Lobcsia botrana of the
later editions of Packard's Guide.

EURYPTYCHIA SALIGNEANA Clem. (Rep. II, 1 34). — This ac-
cording to Prof. Fernald, who has seen the type, is the same as
Clemens's Hedya Scudderiana (Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila., i860, p.
358), the description of which is very brief and presumably taken
from a female. The genus EiiryptycJiia (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila.
V, 140) is founded on the male, which has a broad fold extending
to the middle of costa on the primaries and covering up a pencil
of yellowish hairs. Zeller subsequently redescribed it as Poedisca
affusana (Beitriige, etc., pt. Ill, p. loi [307]). From a compari-
son of female specimens I am led to believe that this is the same
species that is commonly known in Europe as Spilonota roborana
Schiff, though in Staudinger and Wocke's Catalogue cynosbana
Fabr., described in 1675, is given the priority and aquana Hubn.
is placed as a synonym. The obliquity of the edge of the basal
dark patch and the details of the occellated spot upon which
species have been separated, I find to be variable.

The insect in Europe is known to feed on the leaf-buds of
the rose. I have abundant proof that in this country it is not
a gall-maker, but, as was inferred in the Report, an inquiline. I
have found its larva feeding upon the flowers as well as amid the
terminal leaves of the Golden-rod, and have also found it in other
galls. When feeding in the more exposed positions it generally
has a carneous or rosy tint.

Anchylopera fragarl^ W. & R. (Rep. I, 142) — This has
been referred to PJwxopteris coinptana Frohl., and while the two
very closely resemble each other. Prof. Fernald informs me that
he yet hoMevQS fr agar ice t«irbe distinct.

TORTRIX CINDERELLA Riley (Rep. W. p. 47). — From speci-
mens rared from cranberry-feeding larvae received from Mr. Jno.
H. Brakeley, of Bordentown, N. J., I am satisfied that this is the
same species briefly characterized by Packard in the ist edition
of his Guide (p. 334) as Tortrix oxycoccana, and that T. n.alivor-
ana LeBaron (my Rep. IV, p. 47) is but a dimorphic orange form,
subsequently described by Packard as T. vacciniivorana (Hay-
den's Report of the U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Survey of the Ter-
ritories 1878, p. 522). The orange and ash-gray specimens are
thus bred both from Apple and Cranberry. I have reared both
forms from Cranberry and from Apple, and they are undistin-
guishable in the larva and pupa states. The gray form is often
more or less suffused with orange scales and the orange form less
frequently with gray scales. This is the most remarkable case of
dimorphism with which I am familiar in the family, and points
strongly to the important bearing of biological facts on a true
classification. The dimorphic coloring is not sexual, but occurs

no

in both sexes. The eggs of this species .are very flat, circular
and translucent, with a diameter of 0.7'""', and are laid singly on
the underside of the leaf near the mid rib. The species belongs
to the genus Teras, and as Packard's specific name oxycoccana has
priority, the insect should be known as Tcras oxycoccana, Pack.
The insect, according to Mr. Brakeley, who gives an account of
it in the Report of the Seventh Annual Convention of the New
Jersey Cranberry Association (1879, p. 7), commonly affects, also,
the high-bush whortleberry. The gray form of the moth is most
frequent in autumn.

CEta compta, Clem. (Rep. I, p. 151). — Notwithstanding Mr.
Grote doubts the identity of this insect with Cramer's Phal<27ia
punctclla, there is no question in my mind about it and I entirely
agree with Zeller, who makes also the Tinea piistulella Fabr. a
synonym. (Beitr. z. Kenntn. N. A. Nachfalter II, p. 28). It
was first described in this country in 1856 by Fitch as Dciopcia
aurea (3rd Rep. Ins. N. Y., p. 168). See also " Zygaenida; and
Bombycidae of N. A.," by R. H. Stretch, 1872, pp. 159 and 241.

The egg of this insect is one of the most singular Lepidop-
terous eggs with which I am familiar. I have found it numer-
ously in the South in midsummer. It is 0.9'""" long, soft and
plastic so as to be variable in form ; but when laid (as it often is)
on the web which the young larvae make, where it takes on the
more natural form, it is ovoid, somewhat compressed, with fre-
quently a median ridge and one end narrowed and produced into
a short neck. The color is cream-yellow and the delicate shell is
corruguate. It is laid singly and generally slightly attached by
the broad side to the side of the mid-rib of the tenderest leaves,
and its contact (by virtue, doubtless, of some poisonous liquid
with which it is laid) causes a well defined swelling of the leaf-
vein.

The species is placed among the ZygcBnidcB in Grote and
Robinson's List, and has evidently more affinities therewith than
with the Tc)ieid(Z.

SOME NEW VARIETIES OF CATOCAL^.

By G. H. French, Carbondale, 111.

Besides the varieties named by Mr. Hy. Edwards in his ex-
cellent paper in Vol. 3 of the Brooklyn Bulletin, it seems to me
the following are not only sufficiently separate in their markings
from the usual forms, but also constant enough to warrant giving
them varietal names, and I therefore propose the following:

Cat. Lachrymo.sa, Guen.

Var. Evelina, n. var.

This form is the opposite of var. Paulina, Hy. Edw. The
basal third of the primaries, the whole of the posterior or inner
margin, and the terminal space, is suffused with deep brownish

I JI

black. This is broken in the middle of the terminal space, this
dash and the rest of the wing being of the usual color. Described
from 3 specimens.

Cat. Lachrymosa, Guen.

Var. Zelica n. var.

This form bears the same relation to the usual form that var.
Pkalanga, Grote, does to Cat. Palceogaina, Guen. The space be-
tween the t. p. and the subterminal lines, and a shade inside the
t. a. line, deep brown black. The rest of the wing is no darker
than many of the ordinary forms. Described from 3 specimens.

Cat. Innubens, Guen.

Var. Hinda, n. var.

I would apply this name to that form in which the primaries
are marked with deep brown from the base to the apex, usually
suffusing the costal half of the wing except the pale apical patch.
This patch and the posterior part of the wing are lighter than in
the ordinary form. Rather more than half of those taken here
are of this form.

AN ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE DIURNAL
LEPIDOPTERA OF THE ISLAND OF CUBA.

(BASED ON KIRBY'S SYNONYMICAL CATALOGUE.)
By Senor Don Juan Gundlach.

FAMILY I.— NYMPHALID^.

SUB-FAMILY L— DANAIN^.

Genus 3. Danais. Latr.

27. D. Erippus. Cr.

27 a. D. Gilippiis. Cr.
Kirby considers these two species as
varieties, or one species in transition,
but this is not certain. Not only the
perfect insect is differently colored, but
also the caterpillars are very different.
Genus 7. Lycorea. Dbly.

2. L. Ceres, var Dimeter. Feld.
Genus 22. Ithomia. Hbn.

140. /. Cubana. H. Sch.
SUB-FAMILY II.— SATYRINiE.
Genus 46. Calisto. Hbn.

2. C. Hei-ophile. Hbn.
SUB-FAMILY VII.— HELICONIN^.

Genus i. Helicontus. Latr.

46. H. Charithonia. L.
Genus 2. Eueides. Hubn.

13. E. Cleobcea. Hb. Zutr.
SUB-FAMILY VIII. NYMPHALIN^.
Genus i. Colaenis. Hbn.

6. C. Delila. F.
Genus 2. Dione. Hubn.

3. D. VamllcE. L.
Genus 4. Clothilda. Blanch.

I. C. Pantherata. Mart.
I a. C. Nutnida. Hbn.

4. C. Cubana. Salv.

Genus 11. Euptoieta. Dbly.

2. E. Hegesia. Cr.
Genus 14. Phyciodes. Hbn.

19. P. Frisia. Poey.

41. P. Pelops. Drury.
Kirby mentions also Anocaona {Ana-
caona Poey), but this name is a syno-
nym ot Pelops. Dr.
Genus 17. Coatlantona. Kirby.

16. C. Perezi.{Q\xxid\.) H. Sch.
Genus 21. Hypanartia. Hbn.

6. H. Paullus. F.
Genus 23. Pyrameis. Hbn.

I. P. Atalanta, L.

8. P. Cardui. L.

9. P. Virginiensis. Dr.
Genus 24. Junonia. Hbn.

12. y. Lavinia. Cr.
= Zonalis. Feld.
12 b. y Genoveva. Cr.
Genus 29. Anartia. Hbn.

1. A. yatrophcE. L.

2. A Lytrea. Godt.
Genus 36. Eunica. Hubn.

I. E. Tatila. H. Sch.
38. E. Moninta. Cr.
53. E Heraclitus.
In Kirby's catalogue this sp. is re-
ferred to Poey, but Poey does not men-
tion it in loco citado. The author is
Eschscholz.

112

Genus 43. Dynamine. Hubn.

23. D. Egaa. F.

27. D. M%litta. Cr.
Genus 52. GYNyECiA. Doubl.

1. G. Dirce. L.
Genus 59. Lucinia. Hubn.

2. L. Sida. Hubn.
Genus 63. Megalura. Blanch.

4. M. Chiron. F.
(18. M. Poeyi. Lucas.)
This is a synonym of AncEa Echemus
Doub, and should be omitted from
the list of the species of this genus,

20. M Eleticha. Hubn.
Genus 64. Victorina. Blanch.

I. V, Steneles. L.
Genus 65. Hypolimnas. Hubn.

1. H. Bo Una. L.

Kirby does not indicate America.
All the localities mentioned are in the
other hemisphere.
Genus 76. Adelpha. Hubn.

6. A. Basilea. Cr.
Genus 93. Apatura. F.

■ii. A.Druryi. Hbn.
33. A. Idyja. Hbn.
Genus gS. Aganisthos. Bdv.
\.A. Odius. F.

2. A. Acheronta. F.
Genus 99. Prepona. Bdv.

12. F.Antimache. Hbn.
Genus 109. Hypna. Hubn.

I. H. Clytemnestra. Cr.

var. Iphigenia. H. Sch.
Genus tio. An^a. Hubn.

1. A. Troglodyta. F.

t^. A. Echemus. Dby.
See note on Genus Megalura.
Genus in. Siderone.

I. S. Ide. Hubn.

FAMILY H.— LEMONHD

SUB-FAMILY L— LlBYTHyEIN^

Genus i. Ltbtth^a. F.
Z. Terena. Godt.

FAMILY III.— LYC ENID^.
Genus 10. Cupido. Schrank.

65. C. Isopthalma. H. Sch.

67. C. Hanno. Stoll.

68. C. Atnmon. Lucas.
6g. C. Cassius. Cr.

Genus 13. Thecla, F.

228. T. Celida. Lucas.
302. T. Martialis. H. Sch.

305. T. Simathis. Dr.

306. T. Mce sites. H. Sch.
347. T. Coelebs, H, Sch.
373. T. Limenia. Hew.

(Suppl.) 407. T. Angelia. Hew.
( " ) 441. Z". Cybira. Hew.
Genus 38. Eum^us. Hubn.

3. E. A tola. Poey.

FAMILY IV.— PAPILIONID^.

SUB-FAMILY I.— PIERINA:.

Genus 5. Dismorphia. Hubn.

2t.D. Spio. Godl., var. Cubana. H.Sc
Genus 10. Eurema. Hubn.

1. E. Nicippe. Cr.

2. E. Proterpia. F.

4. E. Gtmdlackia. Poey.
33. E. Lisa. Bdv.
36. E. Palmyra. Poey.
39. E. Elathea. Cr. (?)

43. E. Conjungens. H. Sch.

44. E. JucMiida. Bois.
= . Ebriola. Poey.

= . i . Albino. Poey.
46. E. Ditia. Poey.

50. E.Lara-. (Gundl.) H. Sch.

51. Z'. Citrina. Poey.

54. E. Messalina, F.

55. E. Gnathetie, Bdv.
Kirbv gives the last two numbers as

distinct species, but they form but one,
and Bulaa, Bois, is a synonym of the
same. I have noted them as follows in
my collection :

Terias Messalina. Fab. Mant. (1787)
Kby, P. 445.
" Gnathetie. Bdv. Spec. 46(1836).
Kby, P, 445
" Btilcea. Bdv. Spec. 47 (1836).
Kby, P. 446.
Arabella. Hbn. Zutr. 1837.
" Lradia. Poey. Mem. Cuba, 1831.
The whole of these five names are re-
ferable to one species.

56. E. Lucina. Poey.
56 a. E. Fomsi. Poey.
56 b. E. Cubana. H. Sch.
(57. E. Bulcea. Bdv.)

See note on E. Messalina, above.
65. E. Amelia. Poey.
Genus 11. Pieris. Schrank,
87. P. Monuste. L.
Genus 11 b. Daptonoura. Butl.
6. D. Salacia. Godt.
10. D. Llaite. Godt.
Genus 15. Catopsilia. Hbn.
6. C. Eubule. L.
12. C. Thalestris. Hubn.
Kirby appears to believe that C.
Thalestris and C. Avellaneda are but
little different. On the upper surface
they have some resemblance, princi-
pally in the ? , but the lower surfaces
are entirely unlike.

12 a. C. Avellaneda. H. Sch.
14. C. Argante. F.

C. Agatithe. Bdv.
On page 484 Kirby's Catalogue the
last named is given as a variety of C.
Argante. But there is a very great differ-
ence on the under side of the upper

113

wings, the oblique brown band being
always broken in Arganie and entire in
Agarithe. The ? 2 differ more than
the $ ^.

20. C. Statira. Cr.

21. C. Neleis. Bdv.

24. C. Godartiana. Swain.
Genus 16, Kricogonia. Reak.

1. K. Lyside. Godt.
Genus 17. Gonepteryx. Leach.

2. G Marula. F.
Genus 19. Meganostoma. Reak.

I. M. Cesonia. Stoll.
Genus 25. Nathalis. Bdv.

1. N. lole. Bdv.

SUB-FAMILY II.— PAPILIONIN^.

Genus 21. Papilio. L.

19. P. Villersu. Godt.

25. T'. Polydamas. L.

120. P. Gundlachianus. Feld.
147. P. Androgens. Cr.
155. P. Thoas. L.

Var. Cresphontes. Cr.

Var. Oviedo. Gundl.
158. P. Cresphontinus. Mart.
t6i. p. Andrcemon. Hbn.

162. P. Caiguanabus. Poey.

163. P. Oxynius. Hubn.

164. P. Pelaus. F.
268. P. Celadon. Lucas.
325. P. Polyxenes. F.

FAMILY v.— HESPERID^.

Genus i. Thymele. F.

23. T. Santiago. Lucas.

24. T. Marmorea. H. Sch.
27. T. Proteus. L.

48. T. Vespasius. F.
Var. Cassander. F.

In a letter to me, Mr. Hoppfer states
that Herrich Schgeffer has named
my No. 357 Achylodes Cassander. F.
Now, Cassander in H. Sch. is a Goni-
loba, and Gesta is a Nisoniades. But
the question remains : Is my 357 =
Vespasius. F ?

Genus 2. Telegonus. Hubn.

2. T. Talus. Cr.

17. T. Xagua. Lucas.
23. T. Habana. Lucas.

32. T. Maysi. Lucas.

33. T. San Antonio. Lucas.
Genus 17. Erycides. Hubn.

27. E. Batabano. Lucas.
Genus 18. Carystus. Hubn.

9. C Tripunctus. H. Sch.

49. C, Corydon. F.
Genus 19. Proteides. Hubn.

7. P. Cunaxa. Hew.
I believe that P. Alameda, Lefeb, is

= $ of P. Mesogramma, Poey. If so,
the name of the sp. should stand as
Alameda, because the Mesogramma,
Poey, is not the anterior Mesogramma^
Latr. (fide Kirby) and the name Cunaxa
Hew, is posterior to Alameda.

8. P. Antiqua. H. Sch.

19. P. Corrupta. H. Sch.
Genus 20. Pamphila. F.

I. P. Ethlius. Cr.

26. P. Sandarac. H. Sch.

65. P. Sylvicola. H. Sch.

66 a. P. Coscinia. H. Sch.

78. P. Phylceus. Dr.

81. P. Radians. Lucas.

82. P. Amadis. H. Sch.

I believe that P. Baracoa, Lefeb. and
P. Amadis, H. Sch., are synonyms.
The name Baracoa is anterior.

83. P. Magdalia. H. Sch.

84. P. Mayo. H. Sch.
Pamph. Misera, Luc. (Lefeb.) and P.

Mayo, H. Sch., are one species, the
name Misera being anterior. Misera is
the $ , Mayo the ? .

145. P. Malitiosa. H. Sch.
157. P. Philemon. F.
I believe with Herrich SchaeflFer that
the following names are synonyms, and
represent the ^ , viz. :

Philemon, F., 1775.
Flyas, Cr., 1782.
Velasquez, Lefeb., 1856.
but Kirby adds the name Areas. Dr.
1773. which is preferable, being anterior.

165. P. Cubana. H. Sch.

166. P. Singularis. H. Sch.
168. P. Comelitis. Latr.
170. P. Amyntas. F.

175. P. Alameda. Luc.
See remarks on P. Cuxana. (ante.)

179. P. Baracoa. Luc.
See remarks on P. Amadis. (ante.)

211. P. Misera. Lucas.
See remarks on P. Mayo, (ante.)
Genus 23. Thymelicus. Hubn.
10. T. Nanus. H. Sch.
Genus 24. Hesperia. F.

40. H. Syricthus. F.
40. H. Crisis. H. Sch.
Genus 44. Nisoniades. Hubn.

13. N. Zarucco. Lucas.

14. N. Potiillo. Lucas.

15. N. Braco. H. Sch.

16. N. Undulatus. H. Sch.

17. N. Brunnea. H. Sch.

18. N. Concolor. H. Sch.

32. N. Otreus. Cr.

33. N. Zep hades. Cr.

The $ oi Areas = Philemon P., etc.,
is the Otreus Cr. (1782), which is =
Zephodes, Hubn. We have observed

114

these frequently in copula. JV. Brunnea I 4. A. Gesti. H. Sch.

H. Sch., is very near to this, but prop-
erly separated by its author. I note in
my collection several differences which
prove their distinctness.
Genus 45. Achylodes. Hbn.

See note on P, Vespasius. (ante.)
5. A. Papinianus. Poey.

18. A. Velasquez. Lucas.

26. A. Areas. Dury.
See note on P. Philetnon (ante.)

In a letter to Mr. Henry Edwards, dated May 13th, 1881,
Senor Gundlach says ;

" The work of Sagra (part Lepidoptera,) mentions many
species never found by Poey and myself in Cuba. You will read
what M. Guerin and Sr. Sagra say in the introduction to the
Spanish edition (I do not know if their remarks are also found in
the French edition,) on the collection brought from Cuba, and
mixed by M. Lefebvre with the Lepidoptera of the Antilles in
general. When Mr. Lucas began to work upon them he found no
indication that a species was surely from Cuba, and in this
uncertainty, he has enumerated a great number of species
never discovered in the Island." Sr. Gundlach adds the fol-
lowing valuable information on the species of Diurnal Lepidopt.
mentioned in Sagra's work.

Apatiira TJieodora. Lefeb. =^ Pavonii, Latr. Not observed
by me.

Thecla Marins. Bdv. ined. Not observed by me, or perhaps
== T. Limenia. Hew.

Thixla Pasco. Lefeb. Not observed by me.
" Aon, Lefeb. " " " "

The. T. Aon. Lefeb. (?) by H. Sch. Corrb. 1864, p. 165, is
not the T. Aon, typus, but

T. Celida. Bdv. ined, in Sagra.

Thecla Celida. Bdv. ined. is my 119. = 77/. Aon. Lefeb. ? of
H. Sch.

Thecla Tollus. Bdv. ined. Not observed by me, or perhaps
my No. 116, which is = T. martialis. H. Sch.

Lyccena TJieomis. Lefeb. is in Kirby's Catalogue the same as
L. A^nnon, but it is Ly. Cassius.

Lyccena Astinida. Bdv. ined. not observed by me. Lucas,
in the Spanish edition, says Astinida, not Astinidas.

Eudavius Snniadiis. Lefeb.
" Trinidad. Lefeb.

I have not observed these two species, nor have I seen En-
danms Capiicinus. Lefeb. unless it be Telegonus San Antonio
Lucas.

Telegomis Xagua. Lucas. (Kirby, page 573, No. 17) should
be T. /agna.

Nisoniadas Potrillo. Lefeb. (Kirby Page. 629, No. 14).

The name of the mountain is Potrerillo, not Potrillo.

Nisoniades Zarucco. Lefeb. is named from the town Jaruco,
not Zarncco.

115

Kirby indicates as species of Cuba on page 607, No. 203, and
p. 608, No. 223, the two following species :

Hesperia Labeo. Poey. cent. Lep. 1833, and Sagra, 1857.
" Ulpianus. Poey. cent. Lep. 1833, and Sagra, 1857.
but Poey does not indicate the country as Cuba. For Labeo he
says " Elle habite * * -^ " and for Ulpianus, " Brezil."

P. Utha. Hew. descrip. Hesp. 1868, page 37, Cuba.

P. Palcsa. Hew. 1. c. page, 31, Cuba.

I do not know these species.

Thanaos Patercubis. H. Sch. Corrbl. 1863. (Kirby, p. 629,
No. 12.)

" Herrich Schaeffer does not mention this species in 1864 in
his Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Cuba."

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF
HETEROCERA.

By Henry Edwards.
FAM. SPHINGID^.

Sphinx Libocedrus. n. sp.

At first sight looking like a small example of Spli. Oreo-
daphne, but differing greatly when carefully examined. Color the
same as that of SpJi. Chersis, with the same black dashes upon
the primaries, that along the median nervule, which is frequently
wanting in Oreodaphne, and sometimes in CJiersis, being here well
defined and reaching almost to the base of the wing. The ground
color of the secondaries is a clearer white, and the median black
band stands out in stronger contrast than in either CJiersis or
OrcodapJinc, while the grey dorsal space of the abdomen, tra-
versed by a black line, is narrower than either of the other forms,
and the demi-band comparatively larger, and clearer white. In
Chersis and Oreodaphne, the thorax has the tegulse edged in-
wardly with black, in the form of a long triangle. In Libocedrus,
this mark is present, and in additition, the tegulae themselves
have a distinct black streak, reaching to the base of the head, not
observable in either of the others. The under side of the wings
is paler grey, with the median band of the secondaries very
strongly marked.

Exp. wings. 2.50 inch.

I $. Prescott, Arizona. (W. Howard.)

Type. Coll, Hy. Edwards.

Sphinx Utahensis. n. van

In the collection of Mr. B. Neumoegen, are two examples of
a Sphinx, allied to Sph. drupiferarum, but if a variety of that

ii6

species, it possesses characters, apart from its great size, to which
attention may be called. It is altogether of a greyer cast, with-
out any of the pinkish yellow tint seen in drupiferariini. The
primaries preserve the resemblance to the well known species,
the median band of secondaries is much broader, straight, and
not waved on its outer edge. It terminates also on the costa
nearer to the base than in drupiferaruvi. The abdomen is a
darker grey, and the white demi-bands are reduced to small ob-
long blotches. The example is a ? .

Exp. wings. 4.50 inch.

S. Utah.

The average size of six examples $ . ? . of Drupiferaruni, in
my collection, does not exceed 3.60 inch.

FAM. ZYG/ENID^.
Anatolmis FULGENS. n. sp.

Size of A. Grotei, Pkd., but differing from that species by the
primaries being of a bright crimson tint, without the slightly
orange shade observable in the well known species. The second-
aries are wholly black, with the exception of a very narrow costal
streak, rosy red. The thorax also is black, with only the an-
terior edge of tegulffi crimson, while in A. Grotei the thorax is
wholly yellowish crimson. Underside same as the upper.

I ^ Prescott, Arizona. (W. Howard.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

FAM. BOMBYCIDvE.
Thyridopteryx Meadii. n. sp.

A singular little species, differing from T. epliemeriforiiiis in
the more slender body form, the less hairy body clothing, and
the whiter and clearer wings. The nervules are pale orange, in-
stead of brown, and there is no trace of the hairy clothing of the
abdominal margin of secondaries so observable in Ephoncriformis.
The wings are narrower in proportion, and want the shining gloss
of the well known species. The larval case is much more cylin-
drical than that of its congener, being nearly of equal breadth
throughout. In other words, it is not swollen in the middle, and
is much smaller than the average size of Epheinerifonnis.

Exp. wings, 1. 00 inch. Length larval case, 1.25 inch.

I $ Mohave Desert, California. (T. L. Mead.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

FAM. NOCTUID^.
Oribates VERSUTUS. n. sp.
Size of O. limbatus, and resembling it in the form of its

117

markings, though remarkably different in its coloration. Gen-
eral color, rich golden brown. Basal space, deep brown ; sub-
basal space, deep ochreous, shaded with brownish. T. a. and t. p.
lines almost parallel with each other, and enclosing a narrow
space, very rich golden brown. The spots are obsolete. Behind
the t. p. line the wing is again dark ochreous, shaded heavily with
deep brown, and the same purplish tinge. Secondaries blackish,
with the fringe paler. Beneath, the whole wings are golden
brown, flecked with darker color, and the discal spots prominently
marked on both wings. The costa of primaries has three small
golden spots.

I ? N. W. Texas. (J. Boll.)

Type. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Oribates opiparus. n. sp.

Fawn drab. Basal region reddish, with some faint blackish
waved lines most apparent on costa. T. a. line very broad, nearly
straight, blackish brown ; beyond this, on costa, a small brownish
triangular spot, and a larger one at the costal termination of the
almost obsolete t. p. line. Reniform, blackish. Posterior margin
and fringes, blackish brown, less conspicuously so at the apex.
The insect is elsewhere wholly fawn-color.

Exp. wings, 0.60 inch.

I $ Texas. Type. Coll. E. L. Graef.

Note. — I learn, through the kindness of my friends, Mr.
A G. Butler and Prof. C. V. Riley, that the generic name Oribates
has been previously employed in the Class Insecta as that of a
group of Crustacea. I am therefore compelled to change it, and
I propose to substitute for it that of Gyros. The species de-
scribed by me will therefore be known as

Gyros Muirii.
" ver stilus. •
" limbatus. '
" opiparus. '

With the exception of G. Muirii, the genus is an extremely
homogeneous one, but I am inclined to think that Muirii differs
in generic characters, and that it ought, perhaps to form the type
of another genus. The proper position of the group is, I think,
near to Etistrotia. Hbn.

Catocala Emilia, n. van

A remarkable form of C. Lachrymosa, in which the whole of
the base, the half of the internal margin, and the apex of the
primaries are dull black, leaving only the middle third of the
costal space to a point below the median nerve, and a streak

ii8

along the posterior margin, grayish olive. The lines are indis-
tinctly seen, and the reniform is almost obsolete.

I $ Newburgh, N. Y. (Miss Emily L. Morton.)

Catocala Miranda, n. sp.

Allied to C. Levettei, Grote, and probably confounded with
it in collections. It is, however, smaller, with the primaries of a
clearer grey, and with the lines sharper and more distinct. The
t. a. line is oblique, and very slightly dentated, reaching the in-
ternal margin at a point very near the middle, and almost con-
nected there with the t. p.. line, which runs into a long tooth on
the lower sub-median nervule. The reniform is well defined,
gray surrounded by a whitish cloud. Secondaries black, with the
fringes clear white, thus presenting a strong point of difference
from C. Levettei. The thorax has the collar brown, and well
marked. Underside smoky brown, with the apices, a sub-mar-
ginal band on the primaries as well as the fringe of secondaries
white.

Exp. wings. 1.75 inch.

Washington, D. C.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

This interesting species was presented to me by Mr. A.
Koebele, who saw two other examples in the collection of Mr. H.
Schonburn. With the exception of C. tristis, Edw. this is the
smallest of the gray and black group known to me.

Syneda occulta, n. sp.

Allied to S. g7'aphiea. Hubn., but differing in its darker color,
and the arrangement of markings of the secondaries. The pri-
maries have the brownish shade of 5. adnmbrata, Behr., and are
very similar to that species. They want the stone colored shade
oi graphica, and the whole of the lines and shading is much heav-
ier. The t. a. line is much more regular, not toothed, but
slightly angled in the middle, and very heavily shaded posteriorly
with brown-black. The t. p. line is also nearly straight in its out-
line, very slightly sinuate inwardly about the centre, leaving the
median space about equal width on the costal and internal mar-
gins. It is edged anteriorly with yellowish brown. The sub-
oblong pale patch beyond the t. p. line is nearly the same shape
as in adumbrata, and not so long as in grapJiica. It has a deep
obtuse tooth outwardly, where it is bordered with dark brown,
and joins the t. p. line at the median nervule. The submarginal
space is deep fawn-drab, and the fringe is the same color. Sec-
ondaries rather dull orange, a darker shade than in graphica^ and
not so vivid as in adnmbrata. The base is wholly clouded with
brownish, giving it a dull appearance. From the middle of costa
down to the anal angle, runs a rather broad, dusky, black band

119

almost straight, and from the middle of this runs a branch of equal
width, to near the apex, thus forming a distinct Y, The marginal
border is rather broad, slightly sinuate, and the fringe is whitish,
clouded with dusky. Beneath, the general ground color is dull
yellow. Costal edge of primaries, a large inverted wedge-shaped
discal spot, a submarginal band, broad on costa, and narrowing to
aline on the internal margin, and the moderately wide posterior
margin, all black. Secondaries, with basal third of costa, a sub-
oblong discal spot, a broad, waved and dentated median band,
and the apical half of margin black. These marks are all separate
and independent of each other. Thorax, abdomen and legs
greyish brown, flecked with white; the abdomen yellowish at the
tip.

Exp. wings, 1. 60 inch, i ? Texas. (J. Boll.)

Type. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Syneda faceta. n. sp.

Primaries dull stone drab, with slightly leaden tint. Basal
line almost obsolete, reduced to a few brownish scales. T. a. line
rounded inwardly in the middle, forming a rather deep sinus,
edged with brown. T. p. line begins on costa, at a space about
three lines from the apex, and encloses the usual pale dentated
spot. It is furnished with two teeth, directed posteriorly, and
when it reaches the median nervule turns abruptly and directly to
the middle of the wing below the reniform,and here forms a deep
tooth ; thence it runs obliquely, but without any deflection or
dentation, direct to the internal margin. The median space thus
enclosed by the t. a. and t. p. lines is much larger than usual, and
is remarkably wide on the costal margin. Behind the t. p. line is
a row of seven pale grey spots, being the broken-up sub-marginal
line. The t. p. line itself is bright golden brown. Margin and
fringes concolorous. The whole surface of the wing is flecked
with blackish scales. Secondaries deep orange ; the basal half of
costa broadly black; apical half of posterior margin also broadly
black. Near the apex, a longitudinal black band, interrupted
near median nervule, leaving the centre of the wing orange. In
a line with this, resting on anal angle, is another longitudinal black
dash. Abdominal margins broadly shaded with black. Beneath,
the ground color is sordid white. Middle of primaries, dusky
black — this shade joined at internal margin to the sub-marginal
band, which, with the posterior margin, is also dusky black.
Secondaries, with a rosy shade along the abdominal margin, the
markings of the upper side being strongly repeated. Thorax^
abdomen and legs, greyish brown, flecked with black.

Exp. wings, 1.40 inch.

I S Indian River, Florida.

Synedoida valens. n. sp.

General color, stone drab, as in most species of the genus.

120

Basal and median spaces slightly flecked with whitish scales. Basal
line rich brown, not reaching to the internal margin. T. a. line
even, not dentate, but bent in a nearly right angle in the middle,
the apex of angle directed posteriorly. This line is shaded
rather heavily with brown at its centre. T. p. line runs from
costa very obliquely to the 2nd sub-costal nervule, where it runs
into a sharp point, turns abruptly back, forming a deep tooth, the
other angle of which rests on the median nervule. Then a small
truncate space, slightly dentate, and another indentation almost
back to the median nervule, and near to the centre of the wing.
The line then passes with a slight deflection, obliquely to the in-
ternal margin. This line is very broadly edged with deep brown,
especially on the indentations. The space enclosed by the t. p. and
t. a. lines bears a fanciful resemblance to a sculptured head, cut ofif
above the forehead, the brownish, oblong reniform appearing as
the eye. The sub-marginal line is a little paler than the ground
color, and there are seven black dots on the margin at the termin-
ation of the nervules. Secondaries without any marks whatever.
Underside, stone drab, flecked with blackish scales, a little yel-
lowish on the costa of both wings. Thorax and abdomen concol-
orous.

Exp. wings. 1.80 inch.
I $. Kanab, S. Utah.
Type. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

FAM. GEOMETRID^.

GORYTODES PERSONARIA. n. sp.

Closely allied to G. uncanaria Pack., but differing from that
species by the peculiar markings of the primaries. The brown-
ish median space is much narrower on the costa, and does not
reach so far towards the apex as in uncanaria. It is far less
acutely toothed at the beginning of the anterior line, there being
in the present species only a simple tooth at the middle, i. e. on
the median nervule. The posterior line is, however, more de-
cidedly dentate, having throughout its length three distinct teeth.
The sub-marginal line is heavier than in uncanaria, and is more
sinuate. The primaries are less falcate than in the common
species. Beneath, the whole surface is free from markings, being
almost concolorous, with fleckings of brownish scales on a gray
ground.

Exp. wings. 1.25 inch.

I $ Summit, Sierra Nevada, Cal. (H. E.)

I have little doubt that this species exists in many collections

121

as G. uncanaria, but it needs only a comparison to separate them.
Zerene elegantaria, n. sp.

The ground of the wings is clear white, with a glossy surface*
The anterior and posterior lines are pale orange bordered with a
series of black sub-ovate spots on each side, between the nervules.
The anterior line is somewhat similar, and the yellow streak runs
along the costa to the base of the wing. The posterior line is
rather straight on costa, to the 2nd sub-costal nervule. Thence it
runs obliquely to the centre of the wing at the sub-median ner-
vule, and then almost straight to the internal margin. In the
median space, and reaching to the costa, indicating the central
discal spot, is a circular mark of pale orange, edged with black
spots as in the lines, and with the centre white, surrounded by
black spots. The marginal intronervular spaces have a series of
black crescents, and on the margin of secondaries is a faint row of
more linear marks, while the costal margin exhibits some indis-
tinct black blotches.

On the underside, the markings are faintly repeated.

2 (J. I ?. Tucson, Arizona. (R. H. Stretch.)

Exp. wings. 1. 20 inch.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

At the suggestion of my friend, Mr. A. R. Grote, I place this
exquisite insect near to the well-known Z. Catenaria, but it may
herafter prove the type of a new genus. In its system of color-
ation, it somewhat recalls the very dissimilar Abraxas grossulariata.
L. of Europe.

AZELINA MORRISONARIA. n. sp.

Under this name I call attention to a very remarkable form
of this genus, taken by Mr. Morrison in Washington Territory.
It differs very widely from any example I have ever seen of A
Hiibneraria, Gne., and though I know well the tendency of that
species to strongly marked varieties, I cannot but think that the
present form is distinct. The ground color is a decidedly ochre-
ous tint, particularly so on the posterior margins, and the bands
stand out in very strong relief. The anterior line is deeply toothed
nearer to the costa than in A. Hiibneraria, and becomes obsolete
before reaching the internal margin, while the posterior line is
decidedly straighter, or less sinuate than any example of Hubner-
aria I have examined. The irrorations over the surface of the
wings are, in consequence of the paler ground color, much more
distinct than usual, as is^alsg.the oblique band of the secondaries.

Under side similaf to Htibneraria.

I (?. Washington Territory, (H. K. Morrison.)

Type. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

122

CORRECTIONS.

In my paper in Papilio No. 5, on Species of Nisoniades, the
following corrections are to be made.

On page 70, last line, for spot's read spots.

On page 72, line 4, transfer " in the Middle and Eastern
States," to end of line 22.

On page 73, line 4, ccespitabis (an error for ccespitalis of the
MS.) read ccBspitatis, and dele foot-note of the page. In giving the
correction to the Edwards' Catalogue, I had followed Boisduval's
Lep.de. la Californie (1869), Edwards' Synopsis (1872), Morris
(i860 and 1862), Scudder, Kirby, ct al. Mr. W. H. Edwards has
subsequently informed me that he finds the species to have been
originally published by Dr. Boisduval in the Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
in 1852, as ccespitatis. As there appears to be no necessity for the
terminal change to alls made by Dr. Morris in the Smithsonian
publications in i860 and 1862, by the author himself in 1869, and
adopted by subsequent writers, the name as originally given, will
have to be retained. J. A. LiNTNER.

PAPILIO.

Prgan of tl^e [lew Jork Entomological piub.

Vol. 1.] September, 1881. [No. 8.

REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS WITH REFERENCE
TO "LEPIDOPTERA," OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL
SECTION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR
ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE.

The Entomological Sub-section of the American Association
met at Cincinnati, on i8th, 19th and 20th of August, 1881. There
were present Rev'd Dr. Jno. G. Morris, Chairman ; B. P. Mann,
Secretary ; Prof. A. J. Cook. Prof. S. H. Peabody, Dr. H. S.
Jewett, Chas. Dury, C. G. Siewers, V. T. Chambers, W. H.
Edwards, Prof. J. A. Lintner, Prof. Cyrus Thomas, J. Duncan
Putnam, Prof. C. V. Riley and others.

The first paper on Thursday, 18th, was read by Mr. Edwards,
giving an account of the peculiar habit of Heliconia CJiaritonia,
Linn, as observed and communicated by Dr. Wm. Wittfield, of
Indian River, Fla. In two instances a group of the butterflies of
this species, three or four in number, were found clinging by
their legs firmly to a chrysalis of the same species, and they
remained there, resisting attempts to frighten them away, for
two days or more, until the imago issued from the chrysalis, when
the butterflies departed.

This relation elicited much interest and was discussed by
several of the members. Some thought the gathering of the
butterflies might be caused by sexual desire, the imago being
perhaps of the opposite sex from the butterflies. Others thought
that the butterflies, knowing well their own immunity from
attacks of birds or animals, by reason of obnoxious fluids or
smell, had come to discover that their presence protected from
attack the naked and defenceless chrysalis, at a time when pro-
tection was most needed, namely, just before the issuing of the
imago.

124

The other papers read related to other branches of Entomol-
ogy than the Lepidoptera, and therefore are not reported for
Papilio.

Mr. Edwards exhibited a box of butterflies, embracing Li-
menitis Art/wjiiis, called by Mr. Scudder in his recent book?
"Butterflies" 1881, the White-banded Purple, and L. Ursula,
called the Red-spotted Purple, and requested an opinion from
the members as to the color of these insects. The group is
called " Purples " by Mr. Scudder. The members were unani-
mous that the specimens were black or brown-black, and not
purple. One gentleman thought he discovered a purple flush to
Arthejiiis when looked at sidewise, but was of the same opinion as
the rest as to the ground color. It was agreed that the name
was a misnomer.

On Friday, Mr, Edwards read a paper on the Length of Life
of Butterflies, showing from his own notes made during a period
of 15 years, last past, that with the summer butterflies the dura-
tion of life was measured by weeks, depending on the period
when copulation took place in the male and oviposition in the
female, shortly after which events the sexes expired. A butterfly
three weeks old was aged, and if any lived longer they were the
males who had been unable to find mates. As to the hiberna-
ting butterflies, the history of Danais ArcJiippiis was related in
full from special observations made, and it was shown that the
duration of life could at most be from September to about first
of June of the following year, and that the first eggs of the year
were laid by the hibernating females, who at once disappeared
after finishing their laying. That the broods of this species fol-
lowed in quick succession to the number of three or four at least,
and that the eggs were laid by young females, but a short time
from chrysalis. This was directly opposed to the statements of
Mr. Scudder, first set forth in Psyche in 1875, and recently in
"Butterflies," 1 881, that y4;r/////'?/j' lived from 12 to 15 months;
laid no eggs till after hibernation, and then laid all along through
the summer, so that the caterpillars formed during the summer
were from these eggs only. In fact that this species had chang-
ed its habits from that of its kind, and bred much after the fashion
of a mammal.

After this paper Prof. Lintner read one on the Life Duration
of the Heterocera, in which he gave the result of his own experi-
ence— 15 days to 3 weeks as the limit of life of the imago. Mr.
Lintner suggested that good service might be rendered science
by the collation of published records, and the publication of
data respecting appearance of species of insects.

This paper was followed by a discussion of the whole subject
by members. Dr. Jewett was emphatic as to there being at
least three broods of Archippus in Ohio, and he had repeatedly

125

observed that the eggs were laid by females evidently not long
from chrysalis.

Prof. Riley related his experience in Missouri and other
States. He agreed with Mr. Edwards on the facts in the history
oi Archippiis, but also believed that the species did not hibernate
at all in the Northern States, but migrated as far to the South
as Missouri, or Virginia, returning again in the Spring to the
North more or less ; and he suggested that this fact might have
led Mr. Scudder into such errors as he has published about this
species.

In the afternoon session Prof. Lintnerread a paper on A Re-
markable Invasion of Northern New York by a Pyralid Insect :
relating that during May, i88i, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., was
much overrun by a new sort of army worm, causing vast destruc-
tion and threatening much more, when they disappeared by
going to ground. By obtaining cocoons he ascertained when
the moths came out that they were the little species Crambus
l^ulgivagellus, one which had never before been known to be an
injurious insect.

Mr. Edwards read a paper on The Alleged Abnormal Pecu-
liarity in the History of Argynnis Myrina : showing from careful
observation that the history of both Arg. Myrina and Bellona,
as related by Mr. Scudder in the Am. Nat., 1872, and repeated
in " Butterflies " is wholly incorrect, and that these species are
not at all peculiar, but like other two or three-brooded species in
their behavior.

On Saturday, 20th, the papers read were upon other insects
than Lepidoptera. In the informal discussion that closed the
meeting Prof. Peabody related some observations that led him to
believe the life period of certain Heterocera to be very short —
scarcely reaching a week.

Mr. Edwards mentioned that Thecla Henrici laid its eggs in
the wild plum, placing them at the base of the plum stalks, on
upper side. That the caterpillars on emerging from the eggs
travelled up the stalks and fixed themselves on the young plums,
eating out a round cavity the diameter and depth of the head at
first, and continuing to feed upon the inner part of the plum,
avoiding the seed, growing as the plum grows. They spend most
of the time with head and next two segments in the plum, com-
ing out to moult, and changing to another plum when the first
one is completely excavated. They hibernate in chrysalis, and
the butterfly comes forth in the Spring when the plum trees are
beginning to bloom, being a one-brooded species.

The meeting adjourned Saturday noon to meet in 1882 at
Montreal.

126

NOTE ON AGROTIS REPENTIS.

By a. R. Grote.

Having recently added to my books of reference on Ento-
mology a copy of Harris's original report, I went again over the
descriptions of the Noctuid?e. The common species first illus-
trated and described as Agrotis Repentis G. & R., Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc, Vol. I, Plate VH, I had since identified, but now I
believe incorrectly, with Harris's Agrotis Messoria. It was
redescribed as Agrotis CocJirani, by Prof. C. V. Riley, when
accounts were given of its destructiveness in the Missouri
Reports. The moth is found across the continent. Californian
specimens are somewhat larger than the Eastern ones, and at
first I thought they might belong to a different species. They
showed some resemblance to Herrich-Schaeffer's figure of
Lycarum, to which species I doubtfully referred them. Subse-
quent collections showed the presence of undoubted Repentis in
Colorado, and no doubt remains on my mind, that we have to do
with a single widely distributed species, and one that is of inter-
est as being injurious to the labors of the agriculturist.

I have not been able to find the species in Harris's collection,
in the Cabinet of the Boston Society of Natural History ; nor
have I seen the type of Messoria, but I think it hardly possible
that the two can be the same species. Harris's description of
his species, in his original Report, p. 324, is as follows :

" The reaping rustic {Agrotis messoria) as it may be called, is
the representative of the corn rustic [Agrotis segettini) of Europe.
The fore-wings are reddish gray, crossed by fine wavy blackish
bands, the first two of which, and generally the fourth also are
double ; the two ordinary spots, and a third oval spot near the
middle of the wing are bordered with black. The hind wings
are whitish, becoming dusky brown behind, and have a small
central crescent and the veins dusky. The head and thorax are
chinchilla-gray; the collar is edged with black ; and the abdomen
is light brownish-gray. It expands i Vio inch.

From this it is clearly impossible that Repentis can be the
species. The reddish-gray primaries, the zvhitish hind-wings, the
eJiincJiilla-gray thorax, all point to another species, viz. : Agrotis
scandetis, Riley. I have elsewhere noted the variation of this
light-gray species, which has a tint of red, more or less noticeable
on the fore-wings. I have collected it in July on the flowers of
the milk-weed, near Buffalo. Some specimens have a very high
blush of red.

Whether we can refer Scandens to this species of Dr. Harris's
or not, must, perhaps, be considered uncertain, until Harris's type
be found. But we cannot consider Repentis as Messoria any
longer.. This species I took with me to Europe in 1867, and

127

could not identify it in the collection of the British Museum.
M. Guenee had received it from Canada in a collection which
reached him just before my visit to Chateaudun. In conversation
he suggested the name Reptmtis for the species, and I told him
that we should call it by this name when we illustrated it.

The correction should be made in my recently published list
of our species of Agrotis, and the name Rcpentis restored. The
description of Dr. Harris is repeated on page 444 of the Third
Edition of his Report. Prof. Riley's Cochraiiii should keep the
place, to which I have assigned it, as a synonym of Repcntis.

In my collection are several forms of Agrotis, which more or
less closely resemble Repentis. Among these are Rubefactalis,
which has the markings and dusky fuscous ground color of Re-
pcntis, but has a distinct rusty, or reddish shading over thorax
and fore-wings. It is from Washington Territory. Then there
is Friabilis, a small species from Canada, which has" the markings
quite obliterate. It is colored like Repentis, of which it may be
a small form or variety. Another species is Pleuritica, from
Canada, which has the male antennae more deeply pectinated,
but the markings are much like Repentis. The color is a little
brighter and ochrey. Other species, chiefly from the West,
which approach Repentis, are : Balanitis, Fuscigera, Brunneigera
and Micronyx.

Whether Segetum is an American species is doubtful as yet.
I have described a species, many years ago, as Texana, and figured
it, which I have thought since might be Segetum. My type is
probably in Philadelphia, and I have had no second specimen to
compare. I have seen what may be the species in a collection
from Colorado, sent to me to name by the Rev. Mr. Hulst. It
is not improbable that the Texan species and the one from
Colorado should be the same, since the two localities have other
forms in common. It is also known that in California and Texas
there are instances where the same species occur, and at the
same time not in the Eastern States. Such examples are
Orthosia Posticata and Heliothis Cnpes ; while two of the Texan
species of Ammoconia are found also in Arizona.

In the Missouri Reports I have found that most, if not all, of
the new noctuidse there described as new were, in reality, known
to science ; and Professor Riley's names must be added to the
synonymy of previously described species. They are as follows t

Agrotis Cochranii, Riley is A. Repentis G. and R.

Agrotis Scandens, Riley may be A, Messoria H.

Acronycta Populi, Riley is A. Lepusculina G.

Prodenia Aiitmnnalis, Riley is Laphygma fruGIPERDA A.
and S.

Xylina Cinerca, Riley is X. Antennata, Walk.

Plusia Brassiicc, Riley may be P. Ni. Hubn.

As to this last, it is difficult to believe that the American

128

form is distinct from the European. Specimens of the two " may
be undistinguishable " according to Prof. Riley's subsequent
remarks. The characters given to separate the two are those of
variation. Again, that the species occurs from Canada to Ala-
bama, and westerly to California, may not have been known or
considered. But the principal difficulty in considering the two
distinct lies in the fact that, while the species is essentially dis-
tinguished by the male abdominal tufts, in this the. European
and American specimens agree. Like Pieris, the moth may have
followed commerce. It has of late years been quite abundant on
Staten Island.

The above are, I believe, all the new Noctuidae in the Mis-
souri Reports. Among the identifications of Noctuidae, in the
same Reports, the following are erroneous: Prodcnia ComnielincB
Riley is not Abbot and Smith's species, but Lincatella of Harvey.
(It is possible that Flavimcdia and Lincatella are sexes of one
species.) Again the Agrotis Jaculifcra of Prof. Riley includes
Agrotis Tricosa of Prof. Lintner, and, perhaps, Agrotis Hcrilis
Grote.

But the value of Reports on Insects injurious to agriculture
is hardly affected by incorrect scientific names being used. The
main point is, that the species should be clearly described, together
with its habits. I have always deprecated the custom of inter-
larding the text of such Reports with technical discussions on
matters connected with synonymy.

NOTES ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

By Arthur G. Butler.
( Cofitinued from p. 103. )

In the present part of my paper I shall make a few remarks
upon the Bombyces sent to us by Mr. Edwards ; these consist of
eighteen recognized species.

I commence with the Cossidw, since I feel satisfied that this
family, both in the habit of the larva and the complicated neura-
tion of the imago, shows distinct affinities to the typical Cast-
niidcB; the form of the wings more nearly approaches the SpJiiii-
gidce (compare MorpJicis smerintha ; see also Herrich-Schaffer's
Auss. Schmett. figs. 150-153, species of the same genus). It is
true that the antennas in some of the genera resemble those of
Lasiocanipida' or Notodontida\ but this, I take it, is due to rever-
sion to an ancestral character.

I therefore would locate the CossidiX between the Sphinges
and Castni^e.

XySTUS ROBINLE. Peck.

This is a singularly SpJi'mgiform species, somewhat resem-

129

bling Macroglossa. The example sent is rather dwarfed, but still
shows the character of the genus. It is well illustrated by
Herrich-Schiiffer, (Auss. Schmett., fig. 170). The genus Xyleutes
of Hiibner, to which Packard referred this species, consists of per-
fectly heterogeneous forms and, therefore, Mr. Grote's XysUis
must be adopted, but I cannot, on that account, call it robinicE
Grote, any more than of Packard. This interchange of authors
may be satisfactory to workers in the United States, but it causes
us endless trouble here by obscuring the true authorship of the
specific name, which to us is of far more importance than the
generic. I heartily wish, and so does every Englishman on this
side of the water, that American authors would reconsider their
system of adopting other persons' children. In -daily life such a
course would be a heavy tax upon their own patience (and prob-
ably their pockets). In Entomology the burden falls upon their
brother students.

AGARISTID^.

Alypia sacramenti. Grote.

Some of our examples of A. langtoni approach very close to
this; perhaps, as Mr. Stretch says, the example of^. sacramenti
is "larger," but not so appreciably larger as some specimens of
y4. /rt:;/^/<3;/z are than others. The individual sent to us is from
Colorado.

Alypia kidingsii. Grote.

A good, distinct species, allied to A. macciilochii, which we
have from Hudson's Bay. Mr. Edwards has sent us a pair of
A. ridingsii from the summit of the Sierra Nevada.

COPIDRYAS GLOVERI. Grote.

This species interests me much from its close relationship to
the Indo-African genus ^goccra. The primaries in Copidryas
are, however, more Noctuiform. One specimen from Ari-
zona.

ZYG^NID^.

Gnoph.-ela HOPFFERI. Grote and Robinson.

One specimen from California.

It would be interesting to compare the larva of this species
■with that of Pericopis. Unless I am much mistaken they would
be found to be very nearly allied. (Compare figure of P. catilina,
Cramer, Pap. Ext. i, pi. 79, figs. E. F., which is referable to the
sub-genus P/ialoe, Guerin).

The genus Pericopis and its allies are Arctiidce, but Gnc-
4hcela (for what reason I know not) was referred by Walker to
the ZygcenidcB, and has ever since remained there. It is true that
the two families completely run together, so that one can only
fix the boundary Hne between them in the most arbitrary manner,

I30

but for all that, the typical Zygcenids of South and Central Amer-
ica (the home of the family,) generally possess more distinctly
Liparidiform larvae than do the Arctiidce, giving one the impres-
sion that a boundary line must exist somewhere. Although for
convenience of reference I retain GnopJicela in the Zygcenidcs I am.
quite prepared to hear that it is a true Arctiid.

Gnoph^la vermiculata. Grote and Robinson.

A male from Colorado.

This species appears to come nearest to G. equinoctialis, a
female of which from Mexico I found associated with Pericopis in
our collection. It also somewhat resembles the male of P.
aglatira, Cramer, but the secondaries in GnopJicela are a little nar-
rower than in Pe7-icopis.

Dahana atripennis. Grote.

A specimen from Florida. The genus appears to me tO'
come nearest to Syntovicida, but the body is less robust.

ARCTIID^,

SUB-FAM. CTENUCHIIN^.

CtENUCHA RUBROSCAPUS. Menetries.

Glaiicopis I'uhroscapits, Menetries, Enum Corp. Anim. Mus.
Imp. Acad. Sci. Petrop, Lep. 2d partie, p. 142, n. 1679, tab. IV^
fig- 7- (1857)-

CtciiucJia wahingJiamii. H. Edwards, Trans. Cal. Acad. Sci.
Val. 5, p. 9, (1873); Stretch, Zyg. and Bomb., N. Amer., p. 213,.
n. 7, pi. 9. fig I, (1872-73).

Washington Territory and Mt. Shasta.

I have long wondered what difference could exist between
C. rubroscapus and C. walsingJiaviii, but until now have never
compared them, as all the examples hitherto standing in our col- .
lection under both names are referable to the nearly allied C.
vmltifaria of Walker.

It will be seen by a reference both to the description and figure
by Menetries that there is no hint of a white costal margin in C.
rubroscapus, and as this is the only distinguishing character be-
tween C. multifaria and C. ivalsinghamii the name must neces-
sarily go. The only question in my mind is whether this costal
character can be relied on, but of this my friend, Mr. Edwards,,
will be a better judge than I.

ARCTIID^ (typical).

Leptarctia LENA, Boisd. = californiae. Walk.*

Knight Valley and Havilah, California.

I cannot distinguish the examples sent by Mr. Edwards from

* Nemeophila californiae, Walk., Cat. Lep. Het. 3, p. 625, n. 3, (1855),

131

our specimens of L. californice. Walk. They agree absolutely in
both sexes,

Arctia intermedia. Stretch.

Mr. Stretch notes this as ''intermediate between A. virgo
and A achaiay In pattern, however, it seems to me more nearly
to resemble A. Saundersii tha.n A . achaia.

Arctia achaia. Boisd., and var. ochracea, Stretch. PL 5,
Jigs. 1 8 and 2 1 .

It seems hardly conceivable that these two insects can be con-
specific. The species has been reared, it is true, but the only
question in my mind is whether the insects figured on plate 5
of Mr. Stretch's book are all from the same batch of eggs. They
seem to me to divide thus, 18-19 achaia and 20-21 ochracea. Fig.
17 looks like an aberrant female of the latter.

Knowing as one does that species are but local forms, which
every year shows to be more nearly allied, until whole genera
seem linked in one continuous geographical chain of hardly sep-
arable forms, it is necessary to be extremely cautious about asso-
ciating, under one name, any two forms not proved to be con-
specific. I am not speaking specially of the present species, for
I do not doubt that my much esteemed friend had abundant evi-
dence before him, but it has become a sort of mania of late years
with many men, especially in Europe, to call all allied forms
" varieties " or " sports," (for a true variety is nothing more than a
sport or abortion), and this mania persisted in will unquestionably
in a few years reduce nearly every genus to a single variable
species in their eyes.

EU CHUTES COLLARIS. Fitch.

Colorado.

We previously only possessed a single example from Georgia.

DIOPTID^.

PHRYGANIDIA CALIFORNICA. Packard.

The larva and pupa of this species exhibit no afiinity to the
family ZygcenidcE or to the PsycJiidce. The imago has somewhat
the aspect of the semi-transparent group of LiparidcB, but in
structure it scarcely differs from the genus Hynnina of the New
World family DioptidcB. The form of the body, antennae and
neuration are almost identical. The principal difference being
that the furcation of the sub-costal branches of the primaries is
shorter than in Hyrmina. I have no doubt whatever that the
genus would be rightly located in this family.

SATURNIID^.

HEMILEUCA NEVADENSIS. Stretch.

The genus is, I should say, nearer to Pseiidohazis and Eochroa
than to anything else, although the tufted abdomen of the male

132

reminds one of Lasiocampa.

PSEUDOHAZIS EGLANTERINA. Boisd.

Respecting this species I have nothing to say at present.

Saturnia MENDOCINO. BeJireus.

A species quite new to me.

LASIOCAMPID^.

ClISIOCAMPA CALIFORNICA. Packard.
This is the palest form known to me.

LIMACODID^.

EULIMACODES SCAPHA. Harris.

Lhnacodes iindifera, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. 5 p., 1149, n. s.

(1855).

The example forwarded is from Pennsylvania, but it differs

in no respect from Walker's type from Honduras.

TWO NEW HESPERIANS.

C. E. WORTHINGTON.

Endamus Oberon. n. S.

Male, exp. 2.2 inch. Female, 2.4 inch.

Upper side, primaries brown with four irregular, semi-trans-
parent, nearly confluent honey-yellow spots, arranged on a line
from costa towards inner angle of wing, a detached yellow spot
adjacent to third spot and between it and apex, the usual sub-
apical three spots near costa, fringe concolorous. Secondaries,
uniform brown, fringes tawny and without divisions, basal third
of both wings, well clothed with tawny hair extending along
abdominal margin of secondaries. Secondaries prolonged as in
E. Tityrus.

Beneath. Primaries having all markings of upper surface
repeated, secondaries with a faintly indicated paler median band
extending two-thirds across wing, two faint spots between this
and anal angle, and more or less scattering tawny scales, all wings
below having a strong purplish reflection and slightly paler on
posterior margins.

Body above purple brown, thorax covered with tawny hairs,
beneath more or less shaded with fulvous, legs brown, becoming

^33

fulvous towards the feet, palpi fulvous. Club brown above, ful-
vous below and at sides.

Strikingly resembles E. Tityrus on superior surfaces, but the
yellow spots are less confluent and more opaque, the general color
deeper and fringes not divided by brown on the veins ; beneath it
differs conspicuously in the more uniform color, the purplish cast
and entire absence of the large silver spot so prominent in its
ally.

Thirty-one examples, Marco Island, Florida, May, 1881.

Erycides Okeechobee, n. s.

Male expands 2.3 inches.

Upper side deep smoky brown, with a pronounced indigo-
violet reflection. Primaries without markings, other than a few
scattering blue or green scales about base of wings. Fringes con-
colorous. Secondaries with a row of brilliant blue or green
elongated sub-marginal spots, more or less confluent, interrupted
by the veins, and becoming obsolete towards anterior margin,
fringes with some white in intervenular spaces.

Beneath, primaries paler and with a purplish cast, a few blue or
green scales along the costa, about base and near inner angle of
wing. Secondaries much like upper side, but deeper, the purplish
reflection at anterior margin, gradually changing to deep indigo
as it approaches the abdominal fold ; a few blue or green scales
in median space, and along abdominal margin, sub-marginal spots
as above, but brighter.

Female expands 2.6 inches.

Upper side paler than the male (color of E. Pylades), gradu-
ally growing deeper over both wings until nearly black at anal
angle, all wings with a faint purplish reflection in certain lights.
Markings on secondaries like those of the male. Beneath differ-
ing from the male only in paler color, and in having a purple
reflection, which is more pronounced than on upper surface.

Body deep brown above and below, some blue or green lines
on collar, front and shoulders, and arranged in bands on posterior
segments of abdomen. Palpi greenish white. Antennce dark
brown.

Twenty-six examples from Marco Island, Florida, May, 1881.

This form was first brought from Florida by Dr. J. W. Velie,
of Chicago, several years ago. I am informed that Mr. Scudder
has attached the name Okeechobee to some of these specimens,
although I cannot find that he ever described the species, hence
I retain the MSS. name. E, Okeechobee b^s been taken a§ fnr
north as Indian River,

134

SOME REMARKS ON THE ALLEGED ABNORMAL
PECULIARITIES OF ARGYNNIS MYRINA.

By W. H. Edwards.
[Read before the Ent. Sub. Section of the Am. Ass'n, at Cinn., 19 Aug. 1881].

In Amer. Naturalist for Sept. 1872, Mr. S. H. Scudder pub-
lished a paper entitled "The Curious History of a Butterfly,"
which reads thus : " Of all American butterflies, Brenthis (Argy-
nnis) Bellona presents the strangest history." Again : " In this
genus, at least in B. Bellona and B. Myrina, occurs a phenomenon
which, so far as I know, is quite unique among butterflies: there
are two sets of individuals, each following its own cycle of
changes, apparently with as little to do with the other set as if
it were a different species ; each set has its own distinct season
and thus gives rise to the apparition of two or three successive
' broods ' in the course of the year. At the very end of the
season this butterfly will be found laying eggs, which hatch in a
few days ; the little caterpillars, after devouring their &^^ shells,
refuse further food, and undoubtedly hibernate in this state ;
* * * This we will term the aestival series, for by the
end of the following June, the caterpillars have attained their
growth, and passing through the chrysalis state, emerge as butter-
flies about the middle of July; these are the butterflies of mid-
summer, continuing upon the wing until the end of September.
In this butterfly the eggs are wholly undeveloped at the birth of
the female, and in the aestival series are not deposited until Sep-
tember; they hatch in from five to nine days, and the young
caterpillars, as we have said, pass directly into a state of hiber-
nation, making the cycle of the year's changes complete with a
single generation. The second set of individuals, which we will
term the vernal, hibernates as half-grown caterpillars and pro-
duces the earliest brood of butterflies ; these make their appear-
ance about the middle of May, although they are occasionally
seen earlier; they are hardly common before the end of the
month, and are as long-lived as their companions of the aestival
series; they do not lay their eggs until the latter part of July or
early in August, just when the butterflies of the aestival series
are becoming common ; the eggs hatch and the caterpillars grow
as usual, sloughing their integuments twice. Beyond this point
all caterpillars do not develop alike: some continue in what
would appear the natural way; we will first follow them — it will
be to their grave ! As caterpillars they eat, as chrysalids they
sleep and then appear in September, gay and frolicsome butter-

135

flies doomed to an untimely end. Their sisters of the aestival
series are busily laying eggs to perpetuate the race (for the
phenomenon of midsummer is now repeated inversely, one
series ovipositing, the other emerging from the chrysalis), but to
them is this boon denied ; the cold autumnal blasts sweep them
away before the eggs are half developed in their ovaries. It is
in fact a vain effort of Nature to develop a second brood, which
in a more southern climate, with a longer season, would prove
successful.

But we have said that this was the history of some only, and
this fact proves the salvation of the vernal series ; when about
half grown, in the middle of August, while the weather is still
hot, a portion of the caterpillars suddenly cease to eat and fall
into a state of lethargy ; * * * * they do not arouse them-
selves until the following spring, when they again resume the
cycle of changes peculiar to the vernal series, and by this extra-
ordinary habit preserve its history.

Here we have two independent series in the same species,
each single-brooded, but one making an effort toward a second
generation, invariably ending in disaster ; the butterfly may
therefore be properly considered as " single-brooded," although
differing greatly from other single-brooded butterflies, by present-
ing three distinct apparitions of the perfect form. Whether by
any lethargic feats, the caterpillars of the two series ever unite
their faces {sic) and finally have a synchronous and parallel de-
velopment, we are as yet unprepared to say ; but that the blood
of both series ever commingles through the union of the perfect
insect is very improbable, because, although the generations over-
lap, the males of a brood are the first to disappear, and at best
there would be few that could thus mate ; moreover, since the
eggs of the freshly enclosed females are not fully developed for
weeks, or even months, the effect of such a union would be ques-
tionable; yet if there is no union between the two series, then
are the vernal and festival groups practically as distinct from
each other as any two species !"

Mr. Scudder quotes the late H. Doubleday, showing that
the habit of Argynnis Euphrosync, of Europe, a species closely
allied to Myrina, and belonging to the same sub-section of the
genus, did not agree with his conception of Myrina and Bellona,
and comments thereon as follows : " By this account the butter-
flies lay their eggs on their first appearance ; either they differ in
toto from their congeners in America, or there is some error in
this statement." (Doubleday's). Mr. Doubleday v/as a lepidop-
terest of eminence and it was strange Mr. Scudder did not suspect
the error to be in his own statement. Truly the foregoing was a
curious history !

136

In Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 7, p. 189 et seq , 1875, I
showed that the essential facts, namely, as to the eggs, in the
foregoing relation were misconceived, the conclusions reached
were unwarranted, and the history of these species could not
differ from that of any other two-brooded species. Subse-
quently, in Can. Ent., in 1876, 1877, I continued the history and
gave the facts which were at variance with Mr. Scudder's theory
in several points, and I thought that ended the matter. I should
not again have referred to this Curious History, had not Mr.
Scudder in his recent work, " Butterflies," 1881, reprinted almost
word for word his original statement, with no direct reference to
the counter statements I had made, and unsupported by any
further observation of his own or of any one. He has struck
out the assertion that " the eggs are wholly undeveloped at the
birth of the female;" but says, page 145, in speaking of the
unhappy individuals of September, before mentioned : " It is,
however, possible that some of them may lay eggs, which hatch-
ing, produce larvae which at once hibernate, and the following
year become members of the aestival series. It appears more
probable, however, that it is a vain effort of nature to develop a
second brood, which in a more southern climate, with a longer
season, would prove successful." And adds in a foot note,
" Since this was written, some facts have come under my own
and others' observations, leading to the belief * * * * that
the butterflies of this brood " (/. c, the last one in September,
not any other of the series) "lay eggs at once."

Inasmuch as I had shown clearly that the females of several
broods of Myrina were found on dissection to be filled with
developed eggs when they emerged from chrysalis, and that in
one instance, in midsummer, scores of eggs were laid by a female
just out of chrysalis, it is something surpiising that only
"some facts since this was written," /. r. just before 1881, we
may suppose, "'lead to the belief that the females of the last
brood and that only, viay perhaps, lay eggs soon after they emerge
from chrysalis, though the author doubts if they do.

It will be noticed that the structure built up so ingeniously
by Mr. Scudder is based upon this assumption : — " that the eggs
are wholly undeveloped at the birth of the female ;" " not fully
developed for weeks or even months ;" in consequence of which
one of the two broods, described as festival and vernal, cannot
unite with the other, though both broods may overlap and h^ flying
at the same time. Here are femal s of the vernal brood emerging
from ehrysalis while those of the a;stival are ovipositing, as express-
ly stated ; the eggs of the aestival having ripened after the hit-
terfly has been eight or ten iveeks out of ehrysalis. The

^Z7

vernal females must go along some months (the author says about
three months in the Curious History, but changes to about two
months in " Butterflies,") before their eggs are developed, and by
that time the males of the aestival brood are understood to be
dead, as " the males of a brood are the first to disappear."*

It is stated also — but this is of secondary importance to the
preceding statement — that the aestival brood lays eggs in Sep-
tember, which hatch presently and the larvae from them go at
once into letliargy^ while in the vernal brood the eggs are laid in
July and August, and the larvae from these last reach 2d moult
and then all hibernate. It follows, if this be so, in Mr. Scudder's
view, that these hibernators will have the earliest start the next
spring, and will reach chrysalis and butterfly some weeks before
the others who spent the winter in the q^%. They get such a
start in fact that the others cannot overtake them ; though why
so long-lived butterflies as these are asserted to be could not
bridge over the gap of a few weeks, and the two broods be
able to commingle, does not clearly appear— especially as indi-
viduals of the same generation breed irregularly, and all the pre-
paratory stages are irregular as to duration, so that some weeks
elapse between the first appearance of the earlier and later but-
terflies. But the author is sure the broods do not commingle
and that each goes its own way " as distinct as any other two
species." Each is asserted to be one-brooded only, though it is
allowed that there is an appearance as of three annnal broods, and
the author has thought out as intricate a theory as that of Ptole-
my to account for these apparent motions. The simple statement
that the sun and not the earth was the centre of the system
cleared up all difliculties in the one case, and the simple fact
that the females of these butterflies lay eggs, or may do so, almost
as soon as they emerge from chrysalis ought to relieve all doubt
in the other. I assert that they do this, and that one generation
follows another in direct succession from spring to fall, and that
the mysterious appearance of three broods is accounted for
without cycles and epicycles.

Now to the proof. I was at Hunter, New York, in the Cats-
kills, at an elevation of from 1650 to 2000 feet above the sea, in
July, 1875. The climate there is hke much of New England, and
any butterfly there we may be sure would behave just as it would
do in Massachusetts or New Hampshire. Between 20th and
25th July I obtained many eggs of Myrina by confining the
females in a bag over plants of violet. The caterpillars from
these eggs began to pupate 27th August, and the butterflies to
emerge 3d September. On 4th September 3 ? 2 (5 came out, and

♦This is contrary to my experience. I believe the females of all butterflies die shortly after laying
their eggs, while many males, perhaps from not having found their mates, continue on the wing quite
as long as any female.

this is evidence to show that the females emerge as early as the
males in this species, contrary to one of the assumptions of Mr.
Scudder. By 9th September 25 butterflies had emerged, and
none of the larvae had gone into lethargy, as it was declared they
were in the habit of doing. On dissecting newly emerged
females, they were found to be full of nearly mature eggs. These
were distinctly ribbed and shaped as when laid.

In Can. Ent., Vol. 8, p. 161, and Vol. 9, p. 34, I continued
the history. In 1876, I went to Hunter again, earlier than
before, and was there from 7th June to ist July ; consequently
I was able to observe the first generation of Myrina of the
year. (In 1875, I had observed the same generation.) The
species was abundant when I arrived, and I judged, from the
worn examples which I saw, that it had been on the wing at
least two or three weeks earlier. Mr. Scudder says the first gen-
eration appears in May, and I have no doubt it does. On 19th
June, I confined 2 ? , and obtained 60 eggs. The first butterfly
from these emerged 15th July. Other females gave eggs 27th
June, and as I brought the caterpillars from these last to Coal-
burgh, and watched all their stages, I will speak only of them.
The first butterfly emerged 23d July, the last 31st July, in 8 to
15 days after the butterflies had begun to emerge from the eggs
laid 19th June. All these, of course, were of the same generation
of butterflies of the year, namely, the second. The first ii butter-
flies of this lot proved to be females, and several of the last to
emerge were females ; and of the whole number the larger part
were of that sex. On dissecting one of them nearly mature
eggs were found, as in 1875.

On 27th July, I turned loose 6$ 6? of this lot of butterflies,
all which had emerged during the preceding night, and about
nine o'clock the same morning, I discovered a pair in copulation
in the grass near my house. I left them in quiet for about an
hour, and then, by placing the inner edge of the net carefully
by them, the female climbed up dragging the male with her.
From the net they were transferred to a box and left. By 6
A. M. next day they had separated, and I thereupon confined
the female over violet. Within an hour several eggs were laid,
and within 48 hours 93 were laid. The eggs began to hatch 4th
August. I again went to Hunter, arriving on 18th August, and
carried with me some of these caterpillars. They all went on
to chrysalis and butterfly, the first butterfly, a h emerging ist
September. On 2d September a ? emerged, and on dissection
was found full of eggs.

I found Myrina flying on my arrival, and 21st of August
obtained eggs in the usual way. These hatched 29th, and the
larvae, which according to Mr. Scudder should at once have gone

139

into lethargy, passed their second moult. By 20th September,
after that moult, all had become lethargic. I got another lot of
eggs 8th September, or 17 days later than the first. These hatch-
ed 22d September, and a week later, on the 15th September, I
got more eggs, so that this generation was at least ovipositing
from 2 1st of August to 15th September, or during 24 days. On
2d October, still at Hunter, I recorded in my notebook, "Cool
weather, but no frost yet. Of the two broods of Mynna, all
are lethargic, after second moult." The caterpillars of the third
and last brood, from eggs laid 15th September, had passed first
moult when I left the mountains, and died before I reached Coal-
burgh a few days later. Now if any caterpillars of this species
ever become lethargic at once from the Qgg, it would have been
these last broods.

Let us summarize these observations and see what result.
In June I found the first generation of butterflies of the
year flying, and they had been out some weeks. This is Mr.
Scudder's " vernal brood," and which he says do not (because
they cannot — their eggs not developing for a long time yet — )lay
their eggs until the latter part of July or early in August. I,
however, did obtain eggs from them on 19th and on 27th of June,
and the females laid as soon as confined over the food plant, and
abundantly. The first butterflies from the eggs of 19th of June
emerged 15th July; the first from the eggs of 27th June on 23d
July, and the last one on 30th July, so that from these two females
of the vernal brood, butterflies in next generation were issuing
through 16 days. Now as Myrina had been flying a good while be-
fore I reached the mountains, the difference between the emerging
of the first and last members of the second generation would
have been at least a month, or during all July, we may say.
These July butterflies are Mr. Scudder's " festival brood." He
says that brood emerges about the middle of July, and " are
the butterflies of midsummer," only his (estival brood is not de-
scended from his vernal. They can't be because the vernal are
physically unable to lay eggs. They are descended from those
September caterpillars which went in lethargy direct from the
&gg, and so have consumed the spring and early summer in ma-
turing.

Therefore we have got both vernal and festival on the carpet
by middle of July, and it would save me from as perplexing a
study as a Chinese puzzle, if they would commingle and go
about their business. But, as alleged, that is impossible. The
vernals are only just getting in condition to lay their eggs, and the
aestival, which have been emerging in July, have got to struggle
along many weeks yet before their time comes.

To continue: I got eggs, laid 20th July, of females of the
second generation, or Mr. Scudder's " aestival brood," and all

140

gave butterflies from 3d to 6th September. All of these which
were to be of any avail in keeping up the species should, accord-
ing to the theory, have stopped at the third larval stage and gone
into lethargy. But none at all did so. Next, eggs laid 21st
August, plainly by females of the third generation in direct de-
scent, but which Mr. Scudder would make out to be his festivals
just come to the fore, gave caterpillars wihch did go into lethargy,
not direct from the egg, however, as theoretically it was their duty
to do, but after seeo7id moult, by 20th September.

Eggs laid 8th September of same generation, gave cater-
pillars which went into lethargy after second moult, before 2d
October, and eggs laid 15th September, of same generation, gave
caterpillars which passed first moult and died before second.

Here then are three annual generations of Myrina, in the
Catskill Mountains. The first, proceeding from the hibernating
caterpillars which reached their second moult in the fall, was on
the wing at least during the whole month of June. The second,
proceeding from the first, was on the wing all July, running a
little into August. The third, proceeding from the second, was
on the wing the last half of August and part of September, and
from them came the caterpillars, which hibernating at second
moult, produced the May and June butterflies the next year.

Everything here given is written down in my note book,
written from day to day just as it occurred, and I merely make
a transcript from it. There is no trusting to memory or incom-
plete memoranda, and no guessing.

Three annual generations, each on the wing a month at least,
all the females capable of laying eggs shortly after emerging
from chrysalis, the eggs wanting nothing but impregnation when
the female came forth ! Some of the first generation must have
been flying when individuals of the second generation began to
appear, and some of the second when the third began to
appear ; and as almost invariably the females taken in copulation
in all species of butterflies where I have been able to make
observations, are fresh from chrysalis, or but a short time from
chrysalis, while nearly all the males so taken show signs of con-
siderable age, it follows that the males of one generation may
easily mate with females of the next. So that the generations
commingle more or less ; and this may very probably be the
reason why, in Myrina, no tangible difference can be discovered
between the butterflies of the several generations.

It will also have been observed, that in no case did a cater-
pillar go into lethargy immediately after the Qgg\ and in no case
did a caterpillar, proceeding from any generation but the last one,
go into lethargy at all, and then always after second moult. So
that all start fair in Spring, and feed and go on to chrysalis and

141

butterfly according to the state of the weather, or according to
the locality occupied by each individual. One may be in sun-
shine while the other is in shade, and in the Catskills or New
England, one may be feeding when the other would be unable
to find a mouthful, — perhaps has been buried under a snowbank,
or has wintered in some cold glen, like the Stoney Clove in
Hunter. So that the date of emerging of individuals of the
first generation will vary many days, or a month, and this and
other influences keep up a similar variation in the generations all
the year.

THE LARVtE of CATOCALA FLEBILIS AND CATO-
CALA AMATRIX.

By D. S. Kellicott.

Flcbilis. — Two larvae were taken on the trunk of a hickory
Carya alba) at Hastings Center, N. Y., July 25, 1881. Length,
58mm., width of body 6.75 mm., width of head and first thoacic
segment 4.25 mm., onisciform. The color is gray with a greenish
tinge ; under a lens it is faintly pink. The dorsal line is rather
faint, made up of closely placed lines of black dots ; the sub-
dorsal is wider and more conspicuous, on each abdominal ring
there is an illy-defined >- or > situated in this line ; the stig-
matal line or stripe is still more distinct and continuous, the
large, black-ringed, elliptical spiracles are situated, except the
first, wholly in this line. The papillae are white, each bearing a
fine brown hair; those on the first thoracic ring, however, are
dark, or black ; on the abdominal rings the posterior pair are
situated in the angle of the >- referred to above. The bluish
gray head has lines of confluent whitish spots so arranged that
the surface has the appearance of watered silk ; on the top of
the head there are four brown dots placed at the angles of a
square. There is a black line extending from the articulation of
the jaws half-way up the cranial lobes in front of the ocelli.
Head flattened. Feet of the same line as the body, ornamented
with black slashes. The lateral fringes are hoary. The ventral
surface bluish white with black and flesh-colored spots; thus: the
thoracic rings have each an elliptical patch of the latter color;
fourth, fifth, tenth and eleventh rings have each a similar black
one ; the sixth and seventh rings have reddish spots bordered in
front with black ; rings eight and nine are provided with large
spots similar in color without the black border.

One larva spun its loose cocoon among the leaves June 28,

142

and changed to pupa July i. It was 28mm. long, of the usual form
and color. Cremaster armed with eight hooks placed as usual,
/'. e.y the four lower stout ones turned outwards ; the four upper
weak ones turned towards the median line.

The imago appeared July 27. Expanse 70 mm,

Amatrix. — One larva was found, Corinna, Mich., July 24,
under a large-toothed aspen* {Popiilus grandidentata). Its length
at rest, 68 mm., when crawling, 'j'j mm., width of head, 4.25 mm.,
width of first thoracic ring, 5.5mm., width of eighth and ninth
rings, 9 mm. The usual form. The color gray with a reddish
shade, more pronounced at the articulations. The slightly
flattened, mottled brown head is more prominent apically than
fiebilis ; it is bordered laterally by heavy black lines. The first
ring bears above a quadrate patch having the color of the head
faintly spotted with white. The dorsal line is quite inconspicuous.
The first three rings are strongly wrinkled transversely, the
remaining rings have only their posterior third more or less thus
wrinkled. The eighth ring has its transverse fold elevated into a
light clay-colored protuberance, there is a black splash on either
side at its base, at the lower edge of which there is a small black
circle with dot at its center. Of the four dots borne on the back
of the body rings, the posterior pair is brownish and larger than
the anterior ; this pair on the eleventh ring become pronounced
tubercles, having a black streak passing forward from them just
above the spiracles. The hairs from the papillae are dark. The
lateral fringes are pinkish. The ventral surface is white with
more or less of black or brown on each ring. On the first three
brownish, the patches illy defined, on the succeeding four sharply
defined black, largest on the sixth and seventh, on the remaining
rings smaller and brownish.

The pupa appeared July 31 ; the moth August 27. The pupa
was 38 mm. long, rather thich. Its color, surface and booklets
of the cremaster as in flebilis.

The pupa was quite inactive for one of its genus, when dis-
turbed would not throw itself so violently from side to side as
some others do.

PROFESSOR RILEY ON DAKRUMA.

By a. R. Grote.

Although I have carefully studied the characters of a number
of genera and species of Phycidce, and, therefore, ought to appre-
ciate any discussion upon them, I confess I do not fully under.

* Mr. Fischer, of Buffalo, has also bred amatrix this summer from larvse found on the Lombardy
poplar.

143

stand Mr. Riley's remarks on " Pempclia grossularicF," in the July
number of Papilio, from the Bull. U. S. Ent. Commission. It is
really difficult to always understand what is meant by the labial
palpi being " recurved " or " porrect," and in this group I have
taken the venation, maxillary palpi and antenna; as the basis of
genera, not the labial palpi. I am accused of describing these
latter as " porrect " in StenoptycJia, and also of having stated that
Honora is to be considered as a section of Stenoptycha. I have
done neither. I do not describe Stenoptycha at all, and I say that
Honiara " seems to fall in with a section of StcnopoycJia " of which
I had not the European species to compare. Again, Dakruma
has other characters which will easily separate it from ZopJiodia
Bollii and Z. dentata, the only species of that genus I know. I
am quite sure that, in naming his species. Dr. Packard did not
intend to be as exact as to the genus as might be expected in a
paper on special classification, and thus his opinion should nf)t be
made use of as by Mr. Riley on this occasion. In working up
my material I could not place Z)rt/C'r«wrt among any of Von Heine-
man's genera and so described it as distinct, and whether the
species is European or not, this question is not affected. It is
true that Mr. Riley says that some specimens of grossiilarice do
not ''appear'' to present the character of Dakruma. What is
meant by "appear?" Do they, or do they not ? When more
material is brought together the question of Dakruma will be
settled at some future time, but Mr. Riley will hardly have con-
tributed to the decision by his present remarks. Although I did
not think that Professor Comstock's Dakruma was congeneric
with grossularicB, still, after examining the neuration, Professor
Comstock found it identical. It is very probable that the classi-
fication of the European species will be considerably changed
after the North American are known. This is the case already
in many groups of insects and can hardly fail to be so in families
like the Pyralidce, Phycidce and Tortricidce, where the European
and American forms fit in together. It is less likely to be so
with the Noctuidcs, where there are large quantities of forms, (z. e.,
Guenee's Quadrijidce) comparatively wanting in Europe. But in
order to come to any scientific opinion in the matter, a certain
quantity, at least, of genera have to be studied, and I must refer
to the fact that before my paper was published Professor Riley's
descriptions in that group {Phycidee, i. e., PcmpeliaQ) Hammondi)
were made without any vital structural features at all being given ;
and certainly, by citing such forms as Grossularite and Hammondi
under Pempelia, Professor Riley showed that he had not at all
carefully studied the genera of PJiycid(E.

I thought that Professor Riley's Grossu/aria might be a
Homeosoma when writing my paper. I was reasonably sure the
insect could not be d. Pempeiia, but, in the absence of any decisive
structural features being given, the drawing and description were

144

not enough to identify the species with Ttirbatella. But when I
afterwards found out what species was intended, I at once made
the correction in the pages of the North American Entoviologisty
to which article reference should have been made in any further
discussion of the matter.

In a group so difificult as the Phycidce., the decision as to what
are generic characters should be left to the student who has
worked over the largest material ; and any correction of his action,
to be of value, must be made from a wider knowledge of the
group. So far as 1 have gone, I am not prepared to reject the
venation as a guide to generic relations in the Phycida'. I hope,
however, to have an opportunity soon for studying the family
with augmented material, and for this purpose would be glad to
receive specimens from any locality.

LARV^ OF TWO SPECIES OF EUCLEA.

By G. H. Fren'CH, Carbondale, 111.

E. Paenulata, Clem. In general outline somewhat ellipti-
cal, the sides and the back tapering from the middle to both ex-
tremities. Length, when full grown, .56 of an inch ; width and
height, in the middle, nearly .25 of an inch. These measure-
ments were taken when the head was withdrawn beneath the
second joint. The body, like others of the genus, destitute of true
feet, but locomotion was performed by means of a soft, pliable
membrane covering the ventral surface, with which the insect
slides over substances instead of walking. General color of dor-
sum, or dorsal space, dull purplish brown, having under the glass
a slight orange tinge. A fine dorsal line, and a broader one each
side, which alternately expands and contracts, of dull purplish
orange. On each joint, except the twelfth, is a pair of impressed
spots, which appear whitish when seen in certain lights.

In the region of the sub-dorsum is an orange ridge contain-
ing tubercles, which are covered with spines. These tubercles are
of the same color as the ridge, except that between the last two
there is a shorter black tubercle without spines. The second and
third from each end of the body are larger than the others. A
similar tubercled ridge is found in the region of the stigmata ex-
cept that it does not contain any black tubercles. Sub-dorsal
space dull, purplish orange, bordered above and below with purp-
lish brown, each joint containing two whitish impressed spots

145

similar to those on the dorsal space. Below the lower line of
tubercles, dull orange.

The single larva from which the above description was taken
was found feeding on a willow leaf, September 19, 1880. It pu-
pated September 30, in the manner usual to this group and pro-
duced the imago June 17, 1881, a ?.

E. Monitor, Packard. In shape and character of markings
similar to the preceding. Length .56 of an inch, width .25 and
height .19. Color dull, whitish green, the ridge and row of
spiny tubercles in the sub-dorsal and stigmatal regions, a little
more of a distinct green. Like the preceding species, this larva
has a black tubercle without spines in each sub-dorsal row be-
tween the last two spined tubercles. The spines on the tubercles
are white at base and black at the tips. Like the preceding,
each joint, but the twelfth, has on the back and each side two
whitish impressed spots. These are surrounded by black lines,
formed along the ridges, connected by transverse lines passing
between the impressed places. The green on the sub-dorsal ridges
is broken in three places by black.

Two of these larvae were found feeding on oak leaves, the
first, September 20, 1880, and the second, September 30. The
first pupated October 2, and the other soon afterward. They
produced imagines June 12 and 20, 1881, the first a $ the second
a ?.

DESCRIPTION OF A REMARKABLE NEW GEOME-

TRID.

By B. Neumoegen.

ASPILATES ViRIDIRUFARIA. n. Sp.

This fine Aspilates has been found by me in a single ? speci-
men in the Greenhorn Mountains of Colorado, in the season of
1880. This season my indefatigable collector, Mr. I. Doll, was
fortunate enough to find the $ mate of it near Prescott,
Arizona.

Looking at it, it reminds one of the much smaller Chloraspila-
tes bicoloraria, while it differs in the palpi, being as in Aspilates,
and in the shape of the wings. It is green and reddish like
Bicoloraria, but the head is not concolorous with the green bliorax,
but of reddish color, and the insect is much larger. In point
of ornamentation there is a resemblance to some forms of
Coloraria.

Head and primaries are of dark grass-green color, the fringes
being reddish, the costal edge likewise having a narrow reddish

146

tint. The lines are obsolete, but below vein 3 there is a
brown-reddish irregular transverse band resting on the internal
margin, and surmounted by a similarly colored rounded spot in
the interspace between veins 3 and 4. In the $ this spot tends
to form a line with the transverse band.

Secondaries of a dull ochrey red with concolorous fringes
and irrorate.

Beneath both wings are concolorous ochrey, irrorate or
stippled with red and with discal marks indicated. Abdomen
and legs reddish. Head reddish, with the palpi, breast and
fore-legs bright, purply reddish.

Expanse 40-43 mil.

Habitat : South Colorado, probably New Mexico and north-
ern Arizona.

Types. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

PAPILIO.

Prgan of tl^e ffew Jork f ntomological piub.

Vol. 1.] October, 1881. [No. 9.

AN AQUATIC NOCTUID LARVA.

Arzaina Melanopyga Grote, neiv species.
By Prof. J. Henry Comstock, of Cornell University.

During the month of January, 1880, I found the larva of a
Noctuid moth very common in the leaf-stalks of pond lily in
Lake Beresford, Florida. The larva bores a hole from the upper
side of the leaf into the petiole, which it tunnels in some instances
to the depth of two feet or more below the surface of the water.
The species was very common, a large proportion of the leaves
of the lily in that lake being infested. There was, however, but
a single larva in each leaf. When full grown the larva measures
from 50 mm. to 70 mm. in length, and it is a little more than 5
mm. in diameter. The color of the dorsal surface is dark olive
gray, and of the ventral surface pale olive gray ; its head is light
reddish brown. Some specimens are much lighter in color, being
quite transparent. These larvae are well known to the people
living near the lake, who use them for fish bait, and call them
^' bonnet worms ; " the term " bonnet " being applied to the large
leaves of the lily.

From larvae which I collected at that time and sent to Wash-
ington, two moths were reared. These were referred to Mr. A.
R. Grote, who determined them as an undescribed species of
Arzama, and kindly prepared a diagnosis of the species imder the
name of A. Melanopyga for publication in my report as Entomolo-
gist of the Department of Agriculture. As I was unable, for want
of time, to prepare an article on the subject, I did not include
Mr. Grote's description in my report. I now, therefore, injustice
to him, hastily pen this note, in order to put on record his de-
scription, which I have already withheld too long.

I have recently found a larva in considerable numbers in the

148

leaf stalks of our common yellow pond lily {NupJiar Advcnd) at
Ithaca, N. Y., which I believe to be ^. Melanopyga. These I
have now under observation in aquaria in my laboratory. And
I hope ere long to be able to give a detailed account of them. I
will now briefly record a few of the more interesting points
already observed.

The larva is furnished with nine pairs of spiracles, each of
which, excepting the ninth, occupies the usual position. The
ventro-dorsal diameter of the last segment is much less than that
of the remainder of the body, this segment appearing as if the
dorsal half had been cut away. The spiracles of the penultimate
segment are situated in the dorsal part of the posterior end of the
segment ; which, on account of the peculiar shape of the last
segment, is free. These spiracles are much larger than the others,
and are doubtless the ones chiefly used while the larva is in its
burrow. The position and direction of these spiracles remind us
of the arrangement of the respiratory system in many Dipterous
larvae, which live either in water or masses of decaying matter.
Frequently these lily-borers remain with only the caudal tip of
the body projecting from the water, evidently using the posterior
spiracles as just indicated. They can, however, descend below
the surface of the water and remain there a long time. My ob-
servations on this point are limited, but I have seen a larva re-
main entirely underwater voluntarily for the space of a half hour.
The tracheae of these larvae are unusually large. May they not
serve as reservoirs of air for the use of the insect while under
water ?

These larvae are able to pass on the surface of the water from
one leaf to another. This they do with a motion similar to that
of a water snake.

Associated with the larvae oi A. Melanopyga in Florida, I found
another Lepidopterous larva, a somewhat smaller insect, living
more upon the surface of the leaf. This species I failed to rear
to the adult state.

The following is Mr. Grote's description :

Arzama melanopyga, n. s.

? . Allied to Viibiifica, with very similar markings and color,,
but the thick anal tuft of the female is discolorous and black or
blackish. Front unarmed, smooth. This character separates
SpJiida Obliqiiata ixova Arzama Diffusa, Vitlnijica ^.nd Melanopyga.
According to Mr. Butler, who has kindly examined Mr. Walker's
type o{ A7-zania Densa from Georgia in the British Museum, the
type of the genus agrees in having the front smooth. The two
genera are allied, but the characters of the clypeus are decidedly
of generic value in the moths ; upon these several genera are
founded, and we can thus separate Ochria (Gortyna Lcci^ and
Gortyna (Hydroecia Led.). Both Arzavia and SpJiida are internal
feeders ; the chrysalids of Obliqiiata have been taken in stumps

149

under circumstances which lead to the belief that the larva may
be a wood-feeder like Scolecocampa. The horned clypeus is evi-
dently correlated with function in these internal feeders. In
Mclanopyga the thorax and forewings are dusky yellow; the
stigmata concolorous ; the lines oblique, uneven, the posterior
line dentate, the median shade indicated. In color the lines are
dark, with a reddish tinge; the terminal space shaded with dusky
without the dentate subterminal line. In color this species is
paler than F7//;/z)?^rt', the abdomen more grayish. The hind wings
are stained with reddish ; in one specimen the border remains
grayish. Expanse 40 mil. Two ? specimens reared by Prof.
Comstock from larva boring in leaf-stalks of pond lily. I have a
specimen of Vulnifica ? , collected by Mr. Schwarz in Florida with
pale anal tuft. I might be inclined to consider the paler color
and black anal tuft varietal characters, but the transverse posterior
line is less rounded and more acutely angulated below costa in
A. Melanopyga.

A LITTLE BEAUTY FROM NORTHERN ARIZONA.

By B. Neumoegen.

Sphinx (Hyloicus) Dollii. n. sp.

Head light gray, with two black spots near antennae. Anten-
nae brownish with light gray pectinations. Collar light gray,
but thorax and patagi^e whitish gray, with two broad dark gray
stripes along tegulae, accentuated with black at their commence-
ment at collar. ^

Primaries light gray shading off into whitish towards base.
Costal edge darker gray. Fringes whitish with darker gray spots
alternately at the intersection of the veins. A blackish dash from
apex pointing diagonally towards base and fading away in dis-
coidal veins. Two short blackish dashes between ist and 2d
and 2d and 3d median veins, parallel with the neuration.

Secondaries uniform brownish gray with fringes alternately
dark gray and white.

Beneath uniform cinereous with the blackish trace of the
apical, diagonal dash of primaries. Fringes as above.

Abdomen light gray, with a black dorsal line and black and
white lateral intersections at segments.

Expanse of wings, 1. 15-16 inch.

Habitat : Prescott.

Type 6., Coll. B. Neumoegen.

This little beauty is gratefully dedicated to my faithful fac-
totum, Mr. I. Doll, who, undaunted by the strain of a torrid zone
and the attacks of Indians, pursues his duty of collecting mater-
ial for our Science.

150

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF
THECLA HENRICI, GROTE.

By W. H. Edwards.

EGG. — Shaped like that of Lyccena Pseudargiolus, and
marked very much in the same manner; the top flattened, and at
micropyle depressed : about this last are three concentric rows
of minute spaces, rhomboidal to irregularly pentagonal ; the
remainder of the surface is covered with a frosted net work, the
meshes of which are triangular, and from each angle rises a low
rounded knob: color whitish-green ; this lace work seems to be
separable, and in one case where the egg had been rubbed by a
leaf, apparently, a film was turned up, and the real surface was
seen to be delicate green. Duration of this stage, 5 or 6 days.

YOUNG LARVA. — Length, 4-ico inch; shape, oval;
broadest anteriorly, the base flattened ; dorsum high and sloping
posteriorly; the summit of dorsum flattened for a little space,
and on either side there is a row of' long recurved white hairs ;
along edge of base is another row of similar hairs, bent down ;
color brownish-yellow ; head obovoid, and smooth. Duration of
this stage, 5 days.

After iST Moult. — Length, 8-iod inch; same shape;
segments rounded, but on dorsum rather angular; a red-brown
medio-dorsal stripe stopping at 12 ; on either side of this dull
yellow-green, with a macular brown line next outer edge, and
limiting the dorsal area ; sides sloping, a little incurved, red-brown,
with a broken yellowish line ; a similar but continuous line along
basal ridge ; whole underside yellow-green ; body much covered
on upper side with short, stiff, brown hairs ; head cordate, smooth,
yellow-green. To next moult between 3 and 4 days.

After Second Moult. — Length, 12-100 inch ; shape as be-
fore ; the dorsum is considerably elevated, a tuberculous ridge
across each segment, from 4 to 11; color red-brown and dull yel-
low-green ; a red medio-dorsal band, tapering to a point pos-
teriorly ; through the band runs a green line ; outside this band
is a green one, containing a little red-brown space on each seg-
ment; sides red-brown, with a green longitudinal line in middle;
basal ridge green. To next moult, 5 days.

After Third Moult. — Length, 3- 10 inch ; greatest breadth
12-100 inch; the dorsum from 4 to ii presents a series of elevated
ridges, one to each segment, narrow in front, broad behind ; the
summit of dorsum flattened and a little concave, and covered by
a broad band, which is cut by a paler line ; the remainder of the
elevated ridges yellow-green, making two sub-dorsal macular
green bands ; sides sloping, nearly flat, red-brown, with an indis-
tinct green line; segment 2 is a broad, elevated rolled collar, in
which the head is concealed ; 3 ha= a similar collar in front; basal
ridge green, head yellow-green.

One day later, length 4-10 inch : the color has changed to port-

151

Avine-red, the sub-dorsal area remained yellow-green, but was red-
tinted on the posterior part of each segment ; the sides same red ;
green ; a pale red line along basal ridge ; about the spiracle a little
underside diluted wine color; body covered with short brown hair.

One day later, 5-10 inch; greatest breadth, 19-100; width,
T4-100; same color as on previous day.

Next day , length 56-100, same color, stopped feeding, and
4 days later fixed for chrysalis. In about 24 hours pupated, at 8
days after 3d moult (as observed).

CHRYSALIS. — Length, 3-10 in. ; breadth of abdomen, 2-10,
at mesonotum 13-100; height of abdomen 19-100 inch ; oval at
both ends; the abdomen distended, narrowing anteriorly; the
mesonotum rounded and sloping to top of head case ; the under
side almost straight from end to end; color black or brown black,
with obscure red bands ; there being on either side a narrow black
stripe in middle of abdomen ; on mesonotum this stripe disap-
pears and the red remains ; whole surface finely corrugated ; the
dorsum and sides much covered with short hairs, and along the
venter is a line of longer ones. The chrysalis will pass the winter.

On 17th of May, 1880, I happened to be standing under a
wild plum tree near my house, and with no special motive reached
out my hand and plucked a young plum. On this there appeared
an onisciform caterpillar with head and some segments of body
buried in the side. Feeling sure it was of some butterfly, I
searched long for more larvae, but found none. I did see one of
the plums on another tree which had been partly excavated.
This caterpillar was in the penultimate stage, as it turned out,
and I raised it to chrysalis, always feeding on the inner part of the
plum. The chrysalis died during the winter, and before any color
came to the wings of the pupa, so that I had no clue whatever
to the species or even the genus. I hoped it might prove to be
Feniseca Tarquiniiis, but thought it was a Thecla ; it might be
T. Poeas, rather a common species here, and the food plant of
which I had tried in vain to discover.

About middle of April, 1881, Mr. T. L. Mead visited me, and
on several days brought in examples of Thecla Henrici, and con-
fined some of the females on whortleberry and oak, the former
suggested by Scudder's list of food plants, published in Am.
Nat., 1869, but got no eggs. On opening one of these females
the eggs were found fully formed. Finally it occurred to me to
try wild plum, and the bag was tied over the end of a branch
still in flower. No eggs were observed till the fourth day, when I
found fifteen had been laid in a bunch, all but one at the base of
a flower stalk, on the upper side. Although watching these care-
fully, the branch having been cut off and set in a bottle of water,
they hatched when I was not at home, and all but six of the cat-
erpillars were lost by dropping off The &gg shells were eaten
scarcely more than enough to permit egress. To prevent further

152

loss I laid the young caterpillars on the floor of a tin box among
some plums, and they soon found the stalks and climbed up.
The plums were but just from the blossom and tender enough for
so minute a caterpillar. Evidently the eggs are laid just at the
right season for the caterpillars to seize the newly-formed
plums. A little too early or a little too late might be fatal.
So also the eggs are laid at just the right spot, on the bark at
base of the stalk, and instinctively the little creatures ascend ta
their food. They grow with the plums, and when the caterpil-
lars are matured the plums are of large size. The attack was
made at once on the side of the plum and a hole was eaten out
large enough for the head to enter, and thereafter the caterpillar
spent most of its time with head in the cavity. I brought fresh
plums as often as the old ones wilted, and transferred the
caterpillars to them, but from one cause or other, probably
from feeding in this artificial manner, all died excepting one.
When a moult approached it came out of its burrow and rested
either on the side of the plum or on the leaf. At one-quarter
inch long, i. e., when half grown, it seemed to have its head and
shoulders buried at least from 6 A. M. one day till 9 P. M. the
next, with no withdrawal observed by me, and I looked at it fre-
quently. Cutting open the plum the excavation would be found
reaching quite across and around the pulpy stone, which in the
earlier larval stages was not eaten. But after 3d moult this was
eaten and the entire plum excavated. In no case was the skin
eaten except at the entrance. I placed damson plums in the
box, but the wild ones were always preferred.

I am confident that the caterpillar of 1880, before spoken of,
was of this species, although the color differed greatly. That was
wholly green, in shades, except for two subdorsal brown stripes.
The caterpillar of 1881 was port wine-red. But they were of same
size, same shape, and the habits were precisely alike. In Lycaena
Violacea some of the caterpillars are nearly white, some are green,
and some are wine-red. Perhaps hereafter on raising a brood of
the caterpillars of Hcnrici both red and green ones will be found.

The caterpillar of 1880 is described thus:

MATURE. — Length 5-10 inch ; shape as of Henrici, color
yellow-green, yellow predominating on the sides ; the dorsal
elevations have the summits yellow, the outsides greenish ; the
medio-dorsal stripe green, edged on either side by a brown line.

Note. — In my Catalogue, 1877, 1 gave Henrici 3.5 a marked
variety of T. Irtis. I am inclined to regard the two as distinct
species, though nearly allied. Both are found here, and at the
time Mr. Mead confined females of //^wrzVz over whortleberry and
oak, he treated Irtis in same manner. Also, afterwards, I tried
these over plums, but in no case were eggs obtained. Fresh
specimens of Hcnrici are of a delicate yellow-green color beneath,
and this fades somewhat soon after death.

153

NEW MOTHS FROM ARIZONA, WITH REMARKS ON
CATOCALA AND HELIOTHIS.

By a. R. Grote.

The following moths, collected at Tucson, are in the collec-
tion of Mr. Berthold Neumoegen. We do not know enough, as
yet, of the lepidopterous fauna of Arizona to decide upon its
character. There are found within its limits Southern species
which we have also from Texas ; Western, from Illinois to Colo-
rado ; while it offers a number of strange beauties of its own.
It will be one of the richest fields for the collector for sometime
to come.

In what I have written here as to the conduct of Mr. Hulst,
and Mr. Strecker, I have tried to speak for the good name of
our science, no less than to vindicate names proposed by myself
and insure a correct synonymy.

Ameria Unicolor. Robinson.

Also from Texas. The genus may be referred to the Litho-
sians, and seems to fall in between Eiiphancssa and Crocota. The
wing structure is like EupJianessa ; the color is that of Crocota.
The ocelli are wanting. I have regarded Crocota as belonging to
the Arctians, and, in my arrangement, inaugurating that sub-
family, the ocelli are present. This species of Ameria is frail,
unicolorously orange, the wings partially transparent, or sub-
diaphanous ; the antenna are blackish.

The specimen is from Prescojt, as also CyinatopJiora Piilmo-
iiaria, and Grotella Sex'scriata,'^escnhed in this paper. The
others are generally from Tucson.

Charadara Palata. Grote.

? . The female of this species has the hind wings gray, not
white, as in the male type from Colorado.

Apatela Edolata. n. s.

S ? . Allied to Xyliniformis, but much larger, and darker,
shaded with black. Hind wings white, veins a little soiled in the
female. Forewings with a white, vivid, acutely dentate, t. p.
line, as in its ally. Below the median vein, the wing is shaded
from the base outward, longitudinally, diffusely with black,
and again from opE^^site the disc to outer margin. Expanse,
38 to 40 mil. '^

In this form the blackish thorax and primaries are very
different from Ferdita, Persuasa and Afflicta. The species
belongs to another group.

Agrotis Texana. Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc, Phil, 2, PI. 6,
f^g. 2.

A specimen from Arizona belongs evidently to this species,
though it is less strongly marked than my figure. The fore
wings are yellowish brown, the hind wings whitish. The size is
about that of Pastoralis. Whether this is the same as the

154

European Segettim, is not known to me. I have never seen this
species from the East, and it is probably a good species.

Perigea Loculosa, n. s.

<^ ? . A Hadenoid form, with naked eyes, untufted abdo-
men, unarmed tibiae. Forewings bright and light reddish brown,
with the veins streaked with black. The black median lines near
together; the inner line sends out an open tooth across the
median space, meeting the outer line on submedian fold. The
lines meet again on internal margin. Reniform shaded with
white, conspicuous. Fringes dark, checkered with pale brown»
Hind wings white, translucent, with narrow fuscous edging in the
male ; shaded with fuscous and with the veins darker in the
female. Thorax reddish brown. There are none but the two-
median lines on forewings, black, edged with pale, not very dis-
tinct, the inner median line conspicuous for its strong dentations.
Expanse 26 to 28 mil. Several specimens. This species recalls,.
in appearance, the Calif ornian GraphipJwra Perbriinnea,

Heliophila Bicolorata, n. s.

5. Eyes hairy; thorax untufted; tibiae unarmed. Fore
wings and thorax light straw color, immaculate, concolorous.
Hind wings and abdomen pale reddish. Beneath the wings are
shaded with reddish, like secondaries above. There are no mark-
ings whatever. Expanse "XfX mvX.

This species can be confounded with no other, the fore wings
are long and rather narrow. It may be catalogued with PrcEgra-
cilis and allies.

Heliophila differs from Graphiphora, by the narrow primaries,
with their more parallel costal and internal margins, together
with the more prominent labial palpi.

Graphiphora Consopita, n. s.

Eyes hairy. Allied to Riifula, from California. The color
varies from reddish (?) to pale clay (c?). The median lines are
even, double, faint, pale-lined, wide apart. Wing concolorous, no-
other than the median lines apparent. Reniform indicated.
Hind wings pale, shaded with fuscous. This inconspicuously
marked form recalls PseudortJiosia Variabilis, but the markings
are simpler and less obvious, while the tibiae are unarmed. Ex-
panse 31 to 32 mil.

In this species the ovipositor is visible and the relationship
to Rtifula is evident. But the dotted t. p. line and other mark-
ings in which Ritfnla approaches our Eastern Ovidnca, and leads
me to expect that the two may be found to intergrade, are want-
ing in Consopita. The difference in color may be varietal or
sexual.

Basilodes Chrysopis, n, s.

Smaller than Pepita, paler and less brilliant. Eyes naked ;
front projecting, with a clypeal depression. Primaries pale yel-
lowish, with a golden luster terminally, especially over subterminal

155

interspace. Spots small, paler than the wing, rounded ; reniform
with a black point. Lines indistinct, thread-like, in their general
course like those in Pepita, but less angulated. Hind wings quite
pale, silky, white, wx\X\Vq Pcpita. Beneath pale, without markings.
Head and thorax like forewings. Expanse 35 mil. One fresh
specimen.

Chariclea Pernana, n. s.

Eyes naked. Front roundly projected. The surface of the
clypeus shows a circular rim, enclosing a perpendicular protuber-
ance. The legs are slender and appear unarmed, but of the front
tibiae I have not been able to observe the structure. Colors and
pattern of ornamentation of the European DclpJiinii, but one-
third of the size; the terminal space on primaries, outside of the
t. p. line, being olivaceous. Fore wings vinous purple to t. p.
line, which is irregular, preceded by a fine line and oblique vinous
shading. Inner line angulate, accompanied by vinous shades.
S. t. line vague, clouded, deeper marked before the margin,
brownish olive. Fringes very pale olivaceous ochrey, as is the
wing behind the t. p. line. Hind wings pale fuscous, without
marks. Body pale ; front with some vinous scales. Expanse^ 20
mil.

Grotella Sexseriata. n. s. ' /^' ^'^~^^

Of the same shining white as ^punctata, but a little slighter
and longer-winged, the primaries crossed by two very distinct
black, irregular lines (in place of the usual median lines), while
the subterminal line is represented by a series of black spots.
All this vividly contrasts against the satiny surface of the pri-
maries which show no other marks. Hind wings pale yellowish-
fuscous. Body parts yellowish. Front with a circular projection.
Clypeus full. Beneath the wings are shaded with fuscous ; fringes
and edges yellowish ; secondaries inferiorly yellowish. Anal hairs
yellowish ; body dull whitish. Eyes naked. Expanse 26 mil.

The insects of this group are undoubtedly Noctuidae. The
fore tibiae are furnished with a claw and a terminal spinule.
They have the aspect of Lithosians from their colors. The tarsi
are feebly armed, not unarmed as given by Dr. Harvey.

Pyrophila Glabella. Morrison.

This species we have from Illinois, California and now from
Arizona. It enjoys a wide range and seems to vary but little.
The specimen from Tucson is very dark, with the pale terminal
space of primaries violently contrasting.

Tarache BINOCULA. var. ViRGINALIS. Grote.

A specimen very nearly like my type from Texas. In this
form, the mesial olivaceous-ocher median shade line is perpendi-
cular. The subterminal violet blackish shading of the type is
entirely absent from the white primaries of the variety. Is it a
variety ?

156

Lygranthcecia Balba. n. s.

Fore wings faded ochrey, shaded with fuscous within the
curved basal line. A dark reniform spot, near the outer line.
The lines somewhat incomplete. The outer line is broken into
dark spots below median vein. The subterminal space darker^
constricted by the very pale tint of the terminal space opposite
the disc. Hind wings blackish over whitish ; the interlined
fringes whitish at base. Body pale ochrey. Beneath very pale
ochrey ; on fore wings the blackish stigmata, the outer line, and
dark s. t. space rather well marked. On fore wings above, the
marginal line is broken into dots. This form appears to belong
to the Separata group. Expanse, 25 mil. A number of specimens
examined. An inconspicuous fady species, with the darker
shades of the primaries giving them a soiled appearance.

In Lygranthcecia Marginata, the type of the genus, the eyes
are naked. The fore tibiae have, on the outside, four stout blunt
spines in a decreasing series towards the base of the joint. On the
inside there is first a long spine opposite to the longest of the out-
side series, at the extremity of the joint ; these two spines embrace
the base of the tarsi. There is then a second long spine on the
inside of the tibise, followed by a very short one. All the tibiae
are armed. With this, the new form L. Balba, disagrees by the
slenderness of the two inside spinules on the front tibiae, and the
presence of but three spines on the outside. The genera of the
Heliothid group need revision, as the species are numerous. For
the present I keep the genera already established, and refer the
species with ornamentation after the pattern of Lygranthcecia,
to that genus, until the armature and genitalia of each species
can be studied and compared.

Lygranthcecia Coercita, n. s.

In my collection is a species from Nevada, allied to Balba in
appearance, but differing by the presence of four blunt spines on
the outside of the fore tibiae. It is very pale and differs from
Separata by the hind wings being white. Primaries faded ochrey
with the lines white. S. t. space narrow, constricted by the broad
white s. t. line opposite the cell. Reniform long, discolorous,
defined, extended inferiorly; orbicular, marked. Terminal line
dotted. T. p. line not so much exserted, opposite the disc, as
usual. Head and thorax nearly white. Same size with its allies.
This form is perhaps nearest to Separata, but the ground color is.
as pale as Regia, in which the subterminal space is not constricted
opposite the disc, and the fine rosy purple color is very different
from the faded ochrey shading on the primaries of Coercita.

With regard to the moths, very incompletely described by
Mr. Stecker under ^^ HcliotJiis,'' but not figured, I have been able
to find out eight species. They belong, evidently, to different
genera, and not a few of them are synonyms. HcliotJiis ijuper-
spicua of Mr. Strecker is SCHINIA Gracilenta of Hubner ; H.

^57

Spectanda, Str., is ASPILA Rhexi^ of Abbot and Smith. Qther
species may be referred to Lygranthcecia, as they are aUied to or
identical with species referred by me to that genus. //. Rubigi-
nosa of Stecker is Lygranthcecia Saturata Grote. This
species has the same pearly look as Marginata, but the insect is
evenly saturated with an orange or ochreous red tint which is
peculiar. It is described Bull. B. S. N. S. 2, 74. H. Ultima of
Mr.Strecker is a Lygranthcecia and belonging in appearance near to
Marginata, Thorcani, and Saturata. I have had this species
formerly, but did not recognize it as distinct from Saturata, which
varies in the wings becoming more fuscous, and the brighter
saturating color less pronounced. The lines are crenulated as in
TJiorcaui, in both these species. Ultima shows a lunule and has
a yellowish base and broad dark border to hind wings. Satu-
rata has the hind wings with a more or less darker terminal shade,
but they are more concolorous. In a specimen before me they
are somewhat pale, nearly unicolorous; beneath the markings
almost obliterate and, as I described them, " whitish, thickly
powdered with orange red." Mr. Stecker has also described
Lygranthcecia Meskeana, under the name Fastidiosa, among
his new species of "■ Heliothisy Mr. Neumoegen has kindly
allowed me to see another of Mr. Strecker's species of ^'Heliothis."
This is Inclara, which is an apparently valid form resembling
Atrites, and belonging to the group of Tuberculum. Finally Mr.
Strecker's Regia is a handsome, previously undescribed, form,
different in color, but, apparently, related to Coercita and the pale
forms, viz.. Separata, Acittilinea, and, perhaps, WalsingJiamii.
I have also referred HeliotJiis Sulmala of Strecker as a synonym
to EULEUCYPTERA CUMATILIS. Thus, of eight species described
by Mr. Strecker, I would refer none to Heliothis proper, while five
are synonyms. It is certain that Mr. Strecker's work in the
Noctuidae is of such a nature that its publication must be always
a matter of regret from a scientific point of view. From his want
of information as to structure, he gives no characters that can be
used to eke out his descriptions, while in the moths, which are
usually difficult to describe, such data are often of more value for
identification of species than color and markings.

Mr. Strecker's work is, on the whole, of such an indifferent
character that I am unwilling to criticize it. He has made propor-
tionately more and more unexcusable synonyms than any other
writer, and his slovenly descriptions and confessed unacquaint-
ance with structure place him on a level with the worst amateur
who has " coined " a " species." In vulgarity and misrepresenta-
tion he is, fortunately, without a rival. No amount of " indus-
try" or " facility with the pencil" can condone his conduct.

The translation of Nature into human speech and thought
has a history of its own, involving all springs of human action.
We should be interested in purifying its ethics and showing a

y

158

high and simple behaviour in the recognition and publication of
the class of facts with which we deal.

Heliothis interjacens.

This form, described by me in the Bulletin of the Brooklyn
Ent. Soc. 3, p. 30, is only the Western form of PhlogopJiagiis, as
I am satisfied from an inspection of more, and a re-examination
of old, material. The type is ochreous, almost without markings,
and looks like some specimens of Arjniger, but the angulated
median shade is decisive. Others are more marked until we
have a form like the typical Phlogophagiis, but still with a faded
ochrey ground color. A specimen from Havilah nearly loses this
distinction. It is possible that Liiteitinctus, with yellow hind
wings, is a form of PJdogopJiagus ; equivalent to the European
Mat'itima, which is considered by some to be a form of Dipsaci,
the species which, in Europe, represents Phlogophagiis.

Spragueia funeralis. n. s.

This is a distinct species, allied to Pardalis. The fore wings
plumbeous black, glistening, as are the concolorous fringes. A
large pale yellow costal spot, outside the t. p. line. The wing is
crossed by two pale yellow median bands, the outer widening at
costa. The outer band is edged with ochrey inwardly inferiorly,
and includes a costal dark speckle in the wide portion of the
band, which is only a large costal blotch into which the band
merges. Inner band edged outwardly with orange or ochrey.
Thorax cupreous. Hind wings blackish with blackish fringes.
Size of Pardalis, differing by the deeper yellow and larger costal
blotches, also by the unicolorous black fringes. A number of
specimens in Mr. Neumoegen's collection. This species is re-
markable for the lustre of the plumbeous black wings.

Catocala communis. Grote.

The figure of Abbot of Ncogama has the secondaries bright
yellow, but the black band is constricted above the middle as in
our Northern form, Coviiminis. Our specimens vary in the darker
or paler primaries, but the paler form, with the subterminal space
decidedly brown, is the typical Comniiinis. The reniform and the
sub basal space are also shaded with ochrey brown. The abdo-
men, like the hind wings, is more yellow in the Southern speci-
mens of Ncogama, which is, like Communis, a comparatively
more robust species with shorter wings than Subnata. Whether
this Southern form, the true Neogama, which has less brown on
primaries, be distinct from our Northern form, which is Guenee's
Ncogama, I know not. But in no event can Communis be cited
as a simple synonym, especially in these days when the varieties
are all being named. It is extraordinary that in Mr. Hulst's
paper my species are generally called " varieties," and my varie-
ties, " sub-varieties," or even degraded to simple synonyms. In
all this there is no question of advancing science, because in
those cases where Mr. Hulst is confessedly ignorant of the form

159

described by me, I am never given the benefit of the doubt. I
understand, though I have seen nothing in print, that Mr. Hulst
has had "Hght" in some of these cases. What will be always
amazing is the courage which enabled Mr. Hulst to write as he
did while he was so much in the dark.

Catocala Chelidonia. n. s.
S ? . This species is allied to Formula by the straightness of
the t. p. lines on the fore wings. It differs by the course of the
lines in detail, by the large size and different color of the pri-
maries. Fore wings even dark fuscuous gray, somewhat hoary,
the lines not very distinct. Reniform shaded with gray ; sub-
reniform independent, stained with brown. The sub-costal teeth
of the t. p. line more prominent than in Formula. The line is
regularly waved and runs nearly straight to internal margin below
the two prominent discal teeth. Hind wings dark yellow. Ex-
terior band interrupted. Median band rather narrow, swollen on
disc, angulated opposite the interruption of marginal band, not
reaching internal margin. Some dusky hairs at base. Beneath,
with wide blackish borders, the centre of wings dark yellow ;
band of hind wings repeated. Numerous specimens of this very
distinct form in the collection before me. Expanse, ? 45, 6 47
mil.

Catocala similis. Wm. H. Edwards.

I have originally referred this as a variety of Gracilis, on the
strength of specimens, named by Mr. Edwards, in his own and
in Mrs. Bridgham's collection. But I have seen since a specimen
of Forvmla, labelled by Mr. Edwards as Similis, in Mr. Saunders'
collection. I am now confident, from a quite recent re-examina-
tion of the original description, that it fits Formula better than
any form of Gracilis. It may be that Mr. Edwards has con-
founded the species subsequently, if not at the time of descrip-
tion. But, in any event, I restore to Similis its undoubted right.
The species must be known as Similis, with Formula as a synonym.
I have identified now all the species described by Mr. Edwards
in Proc. Ent. Soc, Phil., 2,508. 'Ihey are all valid except Par-
vula, which is a suffused form of Minuta. Gracilis also has a
suffused variety, both in the typical form and in the very distinct
darker and hoary variety which I have called Sordida. My iden-
tifications of the Eastern species of Catocala, including Grynca,
have been generally accepted ; and, with all the new species
recently described, those described by Guenee, which I could not
make out, in 1872, remain still unidentified.

The publication of a paper on the species of Catocala, by a
clergyman, the Rev. Mr. Geo. D. Hulst, in the Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society, obliges me to notice its con-
tents briefly. The criticism that I make on this paper is, that its
publication was entirely unnecessary from a scientific point of
view. This may be substantiated by the fact that every change

i6o

in that paper from my "List," or my original " Revision," Tr.
Am. Ent. Soc. 4, 1872, can be shown to be superfluous or erro-
neous, and often made without a knowledge of the species dis-
cussed. Neither from the literary or biological point of view did
the author possess sufficient information to warrant his writing
extendedly upon the subject.

In a somewhat lengthy preamble, in w^hich I find nothing
original which is at the same time important, Mr. Hulst likens the
present knowledge of the species of Catocala to a diseased infancy.
In this Mr. Hulst confounds the state of his own mind on the
subject with that of others, an error often committed and difficult
to guard against. In the course of his remarks, Mr. Hulst
notices the fact, alluded to by other writers, that certain species
of Catocala approach each other, while separable by the color of
the hind wings. Mr. Hulst cites the example of Illccta and
Conciunbcns, originally given by myself. But he adds to them
the species Zoe and Ilia, as affording a parallel case. Now these
last two do not differ by the color of the secondaries, except so
slightly as not to warrant the remark, and agree so closely in
other respects, that it is perhaps doubtful if they are distinct
species. The orange and yellow species cannot be separated
under distinct groups, as these colors are not always constant in
one species. I may cite Vcrrilliana, which varies from the type,
in which the hind wings are brick or orange red, to var. Ophelia,
where they are purely red or crimson and to a variety from
Arizona where they are yellowish. Again Mr. Hulst cites
Cerogaina and Relicta, but these two are not at all nearly allied.
Rclicta belongs to the sub-genus Catocala, as restricted by
Hubner, and I have originally shown, in the pages of the
Popular Science Monthly, that our form has a few blue scales on
the white band, and thus light is thrown on the probable
common origin of our form and the European Fraxini.

I will now substantiate my remarks by going over the points
made by Mr. Hulst, in which he differs from my List. In all of
these he agrees with Mr. Strecker, and thus 1 am led to ascribe
Mr. Hulst's venture solely to a desire to forestall opinion in
favor of Mr. Strecker. It is known that one of Mr. Strecker's
numbers was ante-dated "August," while not issued until Novem-
ber. The reason for this offense was that Mr. Strecker therein
re-named certain of my species published by the American Ento-
mological Society in September. In this way Mr. Strecker hoped
to secure the recognition of his names. But it is not the only
attempt of Mr. Strecker to secure for himself priority. Another
writer has convicted him of similar work in the Butterflies, see
Can. Entom. p. ']6, 1878, where Mr. Strecker's methods "can
scarcely be called honest."

The statement made by Mr. Hulst, that he "'attempted to
get at the truth " of the matter, is very singular, seeing that he

i6i

only consulted Mr. Strecker and took his veision without letting
me know anything about it, or investigating the facts I could
have furnished. One of the first things to be done, if it was
intended to get fairly at the facts, was to procure the statements
of the principals. But Mr. Hulst, though he had sent me some
specimens to determine at that very time, never informed me
that, in his forthcoming paper, he was to announce himself as
^'compelled to judge " between Mr. Strecker and myself. It is
of a piece with Mr. Hulst's descriptional work, that he dislikes
to consult the necessary authorities. This "judge" gives a
wonderful series of "reasons" for condemning me unheard, but
the whole have the air of an arrangement between Mr. Strecker
and the "judge," which detracts fiom the solemnity and impar-
tiality of the proceedings. As a specimen of these reasons under
which my three species are to be overthrown to rise again under
Mr. Strecker's sponsorship, I will repeat one or two of Mr.
Hulst's statements. Mr. Hulst prefers, for instance, the name
Amestris, to Anna, on the ground, "that" one is "strictly
Catocaline (?), while" the other is "not." It appears from this
that "Catocaline" is a new euphemism for loose behavior, and
that the Rev. Mr. Hulst approves of the names of Swinburne's
heroines being applied to a group of moths whose conduct is no
worse, so far as I have observed, than their neighbors. To pre-
fer the " strange woman " to a prophetess, is singular taste in a
clergyman. And then Mr. Hulst clearly states that " Mr.
Strecker's names were given prior to those of Mr. Grote," and in
the next sentence qualifies it singularly and suddenly by the
words: "Presumably so;" and then proceeds with his special
pleading. "On the face of it," Mr. Hulst says, that Mr. Strecker
is earlier. The "face of it" reads "August," but it ought to
read " November." As I do not claim any earlier date than
^' September," why is all this argument given to support Mr.
Strecker? The "gentlemen" who saw Mr. Strecker's "proof
sheets in August," have, I am told, either disappeared or altered
their minds. If Mr. Strecker did not date his number " August "
in order to deprive me of priority, what did he do it for? Mr.
Hulst says Mr. Strecker's claim has "every evidence of truthful-
ness." Well, it can be positively proven that the matter which
Mr. Strecker dates "August" could not have gone into the
printers hands before "October." For Mr. Hulst's sake Mr.
Strecker ought to come forward and deny this and prove his date
of " August."

It will be seen from the above that Mr. Hulst's "reasons"
are to far fetched to be accepted, and that he is not a fit
■"judge" in the matter. I cannot, perhaps, successfully appeal
from his decision, prejudiced, to Mr. Hulst unprejudiced,
but I have collected what outside evidence I can now find and
given it to Mr. Hy. Edwards, who, from his own particular

j62

knowledge, is better fitted to settle the matter fairly than
anyone else to whom it is of any importance. In coming to an
opinion in the matter, Mr. Hy. Edwards will at least possess the
advantage of knowing all that can be said on both sides.

The more difficult work in the genus was the identification
in our Collections of the species described by the older writers, and
then by Guenee and Walker. This was brought together in 1 868 to
1872, when the collection of the American Entomological Society
was determined by myself. None of my determinations have
been since changed, notwithstanding the amount of wisdom rap-
idly developed by Mr. Strecker after the publication of my paper
and the opportunity of examining that collection presented itself.
Yet two species recognized by me at different times, the Illccta
and Niiptialis of Walker, were re-named by him. At this day^
when the original French and English descriptions are not taken
in hand, and the difficulties of the earlier students are surmounted
by the adoption of their determinations, little thought is given to
the labor that was necessary in order to afford a safe basis on
which new species could be recognized and described. In the
present case the labor was not done by Mr. Strecker, although
from the way in which Mr. Hulst speaks of him one would infer
that he had performed a great deal of hard work in the genus, in
every way. He simply had to pick out from the fresh collections
then coming in from all parts of the country, the new species not
represented in the Philadelphia collections, and he commenced by
suppressing a MSS. name of mine for his Obsc7tra, a name which,
I am afraid, is not Catocalijie enough for Mr. Hulst's ear. But,
although Mr. Strecker has furnished some hastily drawn and col-
ored plates, he has not advanced the knowledge of the genus
beyond the new species. He has not cleared up any of the doubt-
ful points as to synonomy, but has added plenty of his own. He
was not able to separate the sexes of Rclicta, and, after indulging
in many remarks as to the insufficiency of descriptions without
figures, he described several species with less detail than any
other author, and gave no figures of them. Yet such has always
been the success of illustrations, that his have stood in the stead
of serious work, and have conferred upor Mr. Strecker a reputa-
tion which cannot remain when the facts are seriously considered
and weighed. The reputation that will undoubtedly permanently
appear as the result of that action of Time which Mr. Strecker is
so fond of anticipating, can hardly be of a desirable nature, unless
the standards of good conduct and good taste, to say nothing of
good scientific work, change decidedly from what they are at
present.

But to return to Mr. Hulst's paper and his course with the
uescribed species of Catocala.

I feel sure that AlabavuB, from Alabama and Florida, is quite
distinct from Gryiiea, to which Mr. Hulst unites it, without even

1 63

knowing the species. The idea that Prceclara is a form of Grynecc
because the specimens " bear in number a certain regular per-
centage to specimens taken of Gryiiea," is unique as a reason for
their identity. The notion that Abreviatella and Whitneyi are
varieties of Nuptialis, I must totally dissent from. Ccelebs is
united with Badia, because Mr, Strecker has expressed the
opinion. But it has since transpired that Mr. Strecker did not
know Ccelebs. He pronounced specimens of it, which were sent
to Mr. Hy. Edwards by Mr. Allen, from Maine, to belong to a
"new species." Of course, Mr. Hulst follows suit.

Flavidalis is not a synonym, but a well-marked variety of
Inmibeiis. The hind wings are yellow. A rumor has been circu-
lated that my types were baked specimens, and that the color
was changed in this way. It is not so. They came from differ-
ent localities, are, moreover, perfectly fresh, and Dr. Bailey, who
has critically examined them, is of this opinion. After the pri-
maries, the hind wings above are found most subject to variation.
Commjinis is not a synonym of Neogania of Abbot & Smith, as
which Mr. Hulst refers it, without remark. Southern specimens
agree with Abbot's figure in the hind wings being light yellow ;
in the Northern form, Communis, they are dusky buff yellow.
Mcskei is quite different from Uniguga ; that they are the same
is one of Mr. Strecker's ideas. I believe that Mr. Hy. Edwards
has published his opinion that they are readily distinguishable
and are probably different species ; I feel certain that they are.
Residua is more distinct from Insolabilis than any two black
species in the same sub-group. There is no shadow of reason to
consider them the same, and I have heard that the larvae are now
known, and found to be quite different. ArisoncB is cited as a
synonym of Walshii, but the latter is not found in Arizona, and
the two are, at least in my opinion, different ; as before stated
(compare desc), I believe Aspasia is a redescription of ArizoncB.

My type of Arisonoi went to Philadelphia, and, I believe, was
in Strecker's hands after ''Aspasia'' was described by him.
Compare his brief description of the latter; both he and I com-
pare the new form with Amatrix. I certainly knew Walshii.
Beaniana is not at all related to Briseis, nor is Seviirelicta. The
latter is near Mr. Hulst's Pura. It was a happy stroke and
worthy of the disciple of Mr. Strecker to refer Semirelicta as a
var. of Uniguga, and remove Pura to some distance as
a distinct species. Our author could not have studied
the literature of his subject, from his uniting Cratagi and Poly-
gama, with Mr. Saunders' description of the distinct larva of
Cratcegi on record. If this paper was known it ought to have
been alluded to. The imagos of Polygama, Pretiosa, Cratcegi
and Mira, are quite easily separable. Mira has been collected in
large numbers by Professor Snow ; it is, beyond question, a sepa-
rate form, not being as near any of the three as they are to each

164

other. It is improbable that Mr. Hulst knew these. While good
species are thus referred as synonyms or varieties from no reason
that can be called scientific, undoubted varieties are called distinct
species by Mr. Hulst, who thus catalogues Gisella; and as to
Herodias, he does not note that it may be a form of Ultronia.
In conclusion, it is difificult to speak seriously of the paper ; it
turns the very sequence of the species upside down, and it is to
be hoped that it will be forgotten for the sake of the science
which it has in no way advanced.

It will at once appear that my remarks as to the absence of
anything really new and valuable in Mr. Hulst's paper are war-
ranted, when I state that not one of the synonymical difficulties
in the genus left unsolved by me in the " Revision" are cleared
up. Mr. Hulst knows only the species I there identify, and certain
subsequently described ones. Guenee's species, unidentified by
me, are equal mysteries to him. It is improbable that Guenee
has even been consulted by Mr. Hulst. Certainly my collection
was not examined. It is clear that there must have been some
other than a scientific reason for the appearance of Mr. Hulst's
paper ; but, whether I am right or wrong in this belief, the fact is
not altered that there is nothing in the paper, outside of the
championship of Mr. Strecker's views, that excused its writing,
and certainly nothing that justified its publication.

The species of Catocala, which I have described, and which
in most cases renewed examination or fresh material convinces
me I have been correct in considering as distinct, are as follows :

Retecta, Robinsonii, Flcbilis, Levettei, Residua, Angusii, Ari-
S071CB, Coccinata, Meskei, Scuiirelicta, Verrilliana, Snozviana (.^),
Adoptiva, Communis {?), Subnata, Piatrix, Habilis, Coelebs, Badia,
Anna, Clint onii, Abbrcviatclla, Frederici, Mir a, Alabdmac, Pfae-
clara, Dulciola, Fratercula, CJielidonia — 29 species.

The varieties, which are all sufficiently pronounced as to be
worthy of a name, are as follows :

Simulatilis, Flavida/is, Scintillans, PJialanga, Sintiosa, Biin-
keri, Basalis, Westcottii, Sordida, Lineella — 10 varieties.

It is possible that Snozviana may be a variety of Neogama,
but the type differs from any Kansas Neogama yet seen.

The synonyms which I have myself discovered in the course
of my studies and announced are as follows:

PoNDEROSA,' Formula.

Were we to follow the examples of Guenee and other
European authors of note, these names would still obtain as
replacing others preoccupied in the family.

With regard to the species re-described by Mr. Strecker
under the date of ''August," whereas the publication was not
received until November 12, I have shown that Mr. Strecker
placed a false date, and have exposed his motive for doing so.
Mr. Strecker publishes his own descriptions, whereas I had

i65

nothing to do with the printing of mine, which was done in a dis-
tant city by a scientific society. My "■ extras " were in the
hands of correspondents some time before Mr. Strecker's num-
ber appeared. The date my article bears is the date given by
the society, and for which it is responsible. It rests with Mr.
Strecker and his friends to attack the American Entomological
Society to disturb its dates. As a matter of fact, my paper was
printed first, but it is enough for me that the society's signatures
give the date before that on which Mr. Strecker's number was issued.
The American Entomological Society will be able to defend its
method of printing its Proceedings, which is intended to protect
students who place their papers in its hands from just such
attempts as Mr. Strecker's. But I have shown the justice of my
case as far as it is possible for me to do when I prove the real
date of Mr. Strecker's irresponsible publication. If a scientific
society then shows by its signatures that my paper is printed
before the corrected date of issue of my contestant, there can be
no doubt that my names have priority, and Mr. Strecker's attempt
to deprive them unlawfully of their advantage should meet with
the fate it deserves.

I am spared much by Mr. Strecker's own admission in a
later number, under " Notes," that my paper is dated September.
This statement is accompanied by one of his own, that his publi-
cation of the species was " printed August." This is absolutely
false, and if Mr. Strecker will challenge the statement the proof
is ready for him. The man who openly advertises that he
^'covets" specimens may not be sensitive to shame.

HOMOPYRALIS REPENTIS. n. S.

S . This species looks like a small Hoinoptera, but the palpi
are projected and pointed. It is about the size of Discalis, but
the four wings are of a paler brown, with less of the dark suffu-
sions and shadings of either Discalis or Tactiis. This latter is the
type of the genus, and appears to have a wide distribution along
the Atlantic coast. Mr. H. B. Moeschler records it from Guiana,
and says also that he has received it from the West Indies. The
new species, Rcpentis, has the lines fine, black, cleanly marked.
The outer or transverse posterior line, commences at apical third,
and forms two undulations opposite the cell, running in very
strongly at the middle of the wing, to below a black, moderate,
upright, solid, discal mark, the reniform spot. Thence it runs
unevenly, near the median shade, to internal margin. The med-
ian shade is diffuse. The inner line is uneven, black, not arcuate,
with a superior inward sinus. The base of the wing and the sub-
terminal space are a little darker than the rest. The sub-terminal
line is indistinct, threadlike, uneven, and is inaugurated at costa by
a thicker black streak, which contrasts very strongly and appears
to run at variance with the course of the line itself. The fringes
are alternately darker and paler brown. The secondaries are

i66

more dusky brown. There is an angulate inner black line^
not reaching the costal margin, and followed by a finer line.
Then there is a thick, black, extra-mesial line also expiring much
before the costal edge. There is a fine denticulate sub-terminal
line edged with pale or whitish and followed by a reddish shade.
A black, terminal, continuous line before the fringes. The body
is light brown, with a dusky edge to the collar. Beneath the
markings are effaced, the lines feebly marked.

There are now four species of this genus from our territory,
described by myself. Tactiis and Discalis I have collected in New
York State. The latter is larger than Tactus and has a reddish
discal stain on secondaries. Rcpcntis, the new species, is from
Arizona, and Tantillus, the smallest and darkest form, has been
collected in Texas by Mr. Belfrage.

The genus is evidently lower than Homoptera, and prepares
us for the Deltoids. The further south we go, the more do we
find the forms increase in abundance which belong to the Fasci-
atcB. Their resemblance to the GcoinetridcB, is shown by the sim-
ilarity in the ornamentation of the upper surfaces of the wings. In
the typical Noctuidcs, the secondaries are unhanded, as a rule,^
and their upper surfaces resemble the under surface of the prim-
aries, in their want of markings and more faded tone. In my ar-
rangement of the genera of the Fasciatce, I have been guided by
the tendency towards a similarity of marking on the upper sur-
face of the wings, and also in the shape of the primaries. These
become more unlike the typical NoctiiidcB, and, in their different
proportion and sharpness of apices, also affect the Geometridce.
The Deltoids in their neuration are Noctuidcs, in the ornamenta-
tion and length of palpi, frequently also in their glistening sur-
faces, they are like the Pyralidce. That they are an aberrant
group seems to follow from the diversity of structure which they
show. The feet have an unusual structure in some genera, in
others the antennae. Some of the lower genera of the FasciatcB
(e. g. Sylectrd) resemble them in this. Miraiidalis has very curi-
ous antennae. I recorded the fact that I took a specimen of this
curious moth at the Battery, in this city, about twenty years ago.
It may have been brought in a vessel. The migration of the
moths up the Atlantic coast has not been sufficiently studied. As
a rule, there is a seasonal migration from the south, northwardly.

Megachyta Subflavidalis. n. s.

? . Resembles Litiiralis, in the presence of the two black
costal spots which inaugurate the median lines, but the inner hne
is outwardly oblique and even. The lines themselves, below the
large costal spots, are faint, ochrey. The wings are pale gray^
shaded with ochrey terminally. The outer line is thick, sinuate.
Reniform an upright ringlet. S. t. line dotted, undulate. Sec-
ondaries stained with ochrey, the inner line wanting. S. t. line
denticulate. A terminal dotted line on both wings ; fringes con-

167

colorous. Beneath stained with yellowish. Discal marks and
the sub-terminal and terminal lines indicated. Head and thorax
gray. Expanse 25 mil.

Much paler and more simply marked than M. Lituralis.

CYMaTOPHORA (BoARMIA) PULMONARIA. n. S. -^ /3/V'3

? . Very large and dark, related to Umbrosaria. Dark, blue
gray, a wide, blackish, angulated shade within the inner black me-
dian line and following its shape. Median shade narrow, scal-
loped inferiorly, diffusely marked on costa. Outer median line
followed by a diffuse, irregular black shade. Sub-terminal line
whitish, contrasting. A reddish longitudinal shade from base to
s. t. line, above internal margin. Secondaries with discal dot and
the lines and shades of forewings continuously repeated ; external
margin slightly uneven. A faint, black, interrupted, festooned
terminal line and fringes pale gray on both wings. Beneath, pale
whitish gray, immaculate, strangely contrasting. Body above
dark gray, below, pale. Expanse 42 mil.

The generic location of this fine species will be uncertain till
Ave know the male.

Phasiane Colata. n. s.

Size of Sfwviata. Gray with transverse strigae. The prim-
aries have three transverse brown lines, marked on costa, the
basal one continuous, but the others faintly marked ; but the whole
wing is covered with fine hair lines, more or less continuous.
Before the white sub-terminal line the wing is stained with ochre-
ous. The terminal space is very much darker than the rest of
the wing. Two apical costal dots. The gray fringes have a white
basal line on both wings. A dotted black terminal line on prim-
aries. Beneath gray, the hind wings mottled. Primaries with
an ochrey shading. Secondaries gray, without prominent mark-
ings. Body gray.

Phasiane Hypaethrata. n. s.

? . Thorax, base of primaries and terminal space, outside of
t. p. line, blackish brown. Median space clear, light, buff yellow,
including a discal dot, and the costal margin with some dark
speckles. Apices shaded with fulvous. Interior line black, ar-
cuate. Outer median line angulate opposite the cell. Sub-
terminal line feebly indicated by some white scales. Secondaries
light brownish, irrorate. A faint mesial line and discal dot. Ab-
domen light brown. Beneath light brownish, reflecting the marks
of upper surface, irrorate and strigose ; the discal dots repeated.
Expanse 27 mil.

Very different from the described species. It curiously
resembles the extreme variety of Zanclognatha laevigata, described
by me, on account of the yellowish contrasting median field of
the forewings.

BOTIS CROCOTALIS. n. s.

This species is entirely of an orange brown, concolorous, body

i68

and both pair of wings. The body beneath and base of palpi
pure white. It is immaculate and of the size of Ventralis, but it
is nearer to the group of Fodinalis. Several specimens have been
seen by me.

EURYCREON ElAUTALIS. n. S.

(5 ? . This species has the clypeus prominent, embossed ; the
infra-clypeal plate exserted. The pattern is not unlike Rantalis,
but the hind wings are more transparent and the bands on fore-
wings angulated. Fore wings pale ochrey yellow. Anterior
line outwardly oblique, uneven, shaded before with fuscous.
Reniform indicated. Outer line uneven, angulated opposite the
cell, followed by a fuscous shading over sub-terminal space. The
s. t. line indicated and with a deep sub-median sinus. No ter-
minal line. Fringes whitish. Hind wings white, with a denticu-
late extra mesial line, outside of which the wing is washed with
ochrey. Fringes white. Head and thorax ochrey. Beneath
paler, the markings faintly refletced. Expanse 22 mil.

I have examined a number of examples, some less distinctly
marked than others.

NOTES ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA

By a. G. Butler.
[Concluded from page 132.)

In the present part of my paper I offer a few remarks on the
Noctuites forwarded to us by Mr. Edwards.

With the Noctuites of North America I have hitherto had
very little to do ; but I wish to take advantage of the present
opportunity to call the attention of Lepidopterists in the New
World to the true af^nities of this tribe of Moths.

A study of the ontogenetic development of the Noctuites
shows that they are in all probability descended from the Geome-
trites; that their ancesters were "loopers." It is therefore very
important in a classification of the genera of Noctuites to place
those genera in which the looper-like character is retained longest
{i. e., the typical semi-loopers) next to the Geometrites, and those
in which it is soonest lost at the opposite end of the series. I
cannot myself attempt to do this with the few species here
enumerated, more especially as I could only guess by analogy
what the larvae of some of them would be like, but there can be
no question that a study of the earliest larval stages (suggested
by Weissmann) will throw a flood of light upon the true affinities
of this somewhat perplexing group.

It should also be borne in mind by breeders of Leipdoptera
that the adult larvae of the so-called BombycoidcB exhibit the
characters of Liparida, ArctiidcB and Notodontidce as well as those
of typical Noctuites (and that on that account I have distributed

169

several of the genera among these families), yet an examination
of the earliest stages would alone satisfactorily decide whether
the species and genera associated under this family are in reality
allied to the Bombyces or not ; they have probably been placed
in this tribe on account of their well-developed proboscis (though
many of the Arctiidce are almost equally well furnished in this
respect, and though the stress laid on this character, if applied
to the SpJimgidce, ought to separate the Achcrontiiiue from that
family) ; as to their somewhat vague resemblance in the imago
state to XylinidcB and one or two other families of Noctuce that
is in my opinion quite unimportant.

Lastly, it is worthy of consideration whether the smooth
larvae of the true Noctuites ought to be widely separated from
the similarly smooth larvae of the SpJiingidcB, and separated more-
over by the interposition of a vast assemblage of hairy coccoon —
forming, woolly looking moths like the Arctiidce, Liparidce^
Lasiocainpidce, SainrniidcB, Limacodidce ; although the last two
families in their smoother, though eccentrically formed larvae, are
apparently nearer to the Noctuites than the others.

Considering the almost hopeless chaos in which the classifi-
cation of the Hetercerous Lepidoptera has lain up to the present
time, it seems to me to be most important that all these points
should be well ventilated and definite conclusions arrived at.

Respecting the genus to which the first two species are
referred, I personally have some doubts, they are so extremely
like the Apainea connexa and A. unaniniis of Europe in pattern
and general coloration, that had I received them unnamed I
should unhesitatingly have referred them to that genus ; never-
theless the study which Mr. Grote has devoted to the types of
the obscurer genera in this tribe makes me cautious of offering
any decided opinion until I have had time and opportunity to
examine the matter thoroughly, as he has done.

APAMID^.

Mamestra CINNABARINA. Grote.

Washington Territory.

Mamestra cuneata. Grote.

California.

NOCTUID^.

Agrotis repentis. G. and R.

This species appears to belong to the same section of the
genus as A. Impacta of Venezuela.

Agrotis havilae. Grote.

I should have placed this species next to Spcelotis Ravida of
Europe which it much resembles.

ORTHOSIID^.

Orthosia CRISPA. Harvey.

This is almost intermediate between O. IcEvis of Europe and
O. lizetta of Japan ; it is rather larger than either.

170

HADENID^.

Hadena indirecta. Grote.

Seems to belong to the H. convergcns group, and to be allied
to the '■'■ XylopJiasia''' viiiccus of Walker's List.

HELIOTHID^.

Melicleptria oregonica. H. Edwards.

Summit of the Sierra Nevada.

We have nothing closely resembling this species in the
Museum.

Melicleptria diminutiva. Grotc.

Knight's Valley, California.

This little species has a singular resemblance to the Pyrali-
dian NoctitonwrpJia norma, is of Europe.

Xanthothrix ranunculi. H. Ediuards.

Havilah, California.

This species belongs to a genus which is quite new to me ;
two very distinct forms (which I should have supposed to be
specifically separable) were sent by Mr. Edwards.

PHAL^NOID/E.

It appears to me that the genus Annaphila would be more
appropriate here than in the Anartidcs. A comparison of the
two species hereafter noted with Anarta, shows that the second-
aries are conspicuously broader than in that genus whilst the col-
oration is similar to that of Archicaris.^

Annaphila depicta. Grote.

Sonoma County.

Annaphila decia. Grote.

Havilah.

plusiid^.

Plusia californica. Speyer.

Kern Co., and Havilah, California.

I found two examples of this species in the Museum collec-
tion from Vancouvers' Island, under P. gamma.

Plusia brassic/E. Riley.

California.

This agrees in every respect 7/ith our examples of the
European P. U. aiireum of Guenee. I cannot regard it as a dis-
tinct species.

Plusia Dyaus. Grote.

Indian River, Florida.

An example of this species from Orilla was amongst our
specimens of P. precationis. It is extremely close to the- widely
distributed P. vertlcillata, which should, I think, stand between it
and P. precationis.

* The genus seems to me relattd to Eustrotia (Erastna) A. R. G.

171

BOLINID^.

Syneda Divergens. Bchr.

Truckee, California.

The Eticlidia Capiticola, of Walker, and E. petricola, come
near to S. divergens.

LiTOCALA Sexsignata. Harvey.

Colorado.

Catocala Aholibah.

Vancouvers Island.

This species is also in the British Museum, from the same
locality. With it we received what appears to be a very distinct
species of the same group.

Catocala Irene. Behr.

Mendocino, California.

Allied to C. Electilis, of Mexico, but the coloration of the
primaries more like that of C. inmibens.

Catocala Californica. W. H. Edwards.

The nearest species to this, in the Museum, is a larger and
undetermined Catocala from Texas.

Catocala Mariana. H. Edzvards.

Seems to come nearer to C. briseis than anything else in our
collection. The latter was wrongly identified by Walker as the
C. parta, of Guenee (Lep. Het., p. 1193).

Catocala Verrilliana. Grote.

Humboldt Co., California.

Quite new to me.

EUCLIDIID^.

EUCLIDIA CUSPIDEA. Glien.
Knight's Valley and Havilah, California.

Smaller and with more sharply defined markings on second-^
aries, than in our examples.

A NEW AND REMARKABLE BOMBYCID MOTH FROM

ARIZONA.

By Henry Edwards.

EuLEUcoPHyEus Neuimoegeni. n. s.

$ . Head white, with a few blackish hairs intermixed, the palpi
bright reddish brown. Thorax snow white, with a central black
band. Antennae orange brown. Abdomen with deep claret brown
at base, shading towards the anal extremity into orange brown.
Beneath it is reddish brown at the base, white on the middle and
blackish on the posterior segments. The legs are all reddish brown
at their base, the tibiae snow-white edged with black, and the tarsi
jet black. Primaries and secondaries snow-white, the former with
the anterior line rather narrow, nearly straight, jet black. Upon
it, above the median nervule, rests a pale orange transverse dash>

172

surrounded by black. The discal mark is also pale orange, almost
oblong in shape, and surrounded by black hand. The posterior
line is almost parallel with the margin, slightly sinuate, dentate
about the middle, and continued in the same form on the second-
aries which are slightly more transparent than the upper wings,
bearing also a pale orange discal mark surrounded with black. The
under side has the markings of the upper distinctly repeated. In
one of the two $ examples before me there is a bunch of lemon
yellow hairs at base of the primaries beneath, and the same color is
continued to the base of the legs and the sides of the lower surface
of the margin. This is evidently not the result of discoloration, as
the specimens are wonderfully fresh.

? . Similar to the $ , but a little larger, and with the four
posterior segments of the abdomen, clear white, above and below,
the middle segments only being narrowly edged with reddish
brown. The stigmeta in ? , are very strongly marked, jet black.

Exp. wings, $ . 48 m. m. Length of body, 21 m. m.

Exp. wings, ?. 62 m. m. Length of body, 27 m. m.

2 (5 . ? . Prescott, Arizona. (I. Doll.)

Types. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

I have no hesitation whatever in placing this remarkable in-
sect in Packard's genus, which it seems to connect in some respects
with Ilemileuoa, its remarkable coloration being, however, the very
reverse of tlie latter genus. I regard the species as the handsomest
Bombyx discovered for many years in the United States, and as
such it gives me unusual pleasure to dedicate it to my friend, Mr. B.
I^eumoegen.

It is to his liberality and boundless enthusiasm in the cause of
entomology, that we are indebted for the knowledge, not only of
this beautiful insect, but of many other of supreme interest and
importance, and the example set by Mr. Neumoegen is in every
way worthy of imitation by those who have the power to help the
progress of science, not only in this, but in other branches of study.
For nearly two years Mr. Neumoegen has kept an earnest and in-
telligent collector in the field, who has poured into the studios of
entomologists unheard of treasures, many of which yet remain to
be described. Such devotion to entomology is as honorable as it is
rare, and should excite in the minds of all students a feeling of the
deepest appreciation.

I hope in some future number to present the readers of
" Papilio " with a figure of this most charminsr insect.

A NEW HEMILEUCA FROM SOUTH-EASTERN ARIZONA.

By B. Neumoegen.

Hemileuca Yavapai, n. sp.

$ Head and appendages and joints of antennse dark, rusty
brown. Pectinations of antennse blackish brown. Prothorax

173

white, with an intermixture of black hairs. Thorax of a deep
maroon red, overlaid with grayish hair. Patagiaj black, overlaid
with long grayish hair. Abdomen very pilose, being, as well as
the male tuft, of the brightest rust red color, but having a lateral
layer of blackish hair from first to fourth segments.

Beneath the thorax is rusty red and the abdomen deep black,
with a sprinkling of short whitish hair on the segments. The
heavy pilose covering of the up])er part of the abdomen and the
anal tuft overlapping the sides, giving it the appearance of a heavy
rust red fringe. Legs black, femora heavily furred Avith rusty red
and the tibiae having a light black and white hairy tuft.

Primaries opaque brownish black, the costa and fringes being
concolorous. The space near anterior margin sparsely powdered
with white scales, hardly perceptible. A transverse, small discal
spot of light yellow, surrounded by a broad black patch or ring.
A transverse extra mesial band of grayish white, starting from sub-
costal vein and resting on submedian vein. The band is of quite
irregular shape, being broadest at the space between discal spot and
exterior margin, and narrowest at the intersection of median veins.
The inner part of this mesial band, between discal spot and base,
being obliterated and indicated only by a grayish white crescent
line, just sufficient to round off the shape of the black halo sur-
rounding the discal spot. A whitish subcostal line, commencing at
base of wing, and terminating within half of the space between
base and discal spot. Costa somewhat concave in the middle. All
the veins crossing the mesial band appear black.

Secondaries black, opaque, with concolorous fringes. A mini-
mal discal spot of light yellow with darker indications of a sur-
rounding black patch.

Beneath the wings as above, the mesial band of primaries
being dirty gray, and the subcostal vein of primaries, as well as the
subcostal and discoidal veins of secondaries, being indicated by light
yellow lines.

Expands. 1^-2^ inches.

Length of body. ^-^ inch.

? . Thorax dark brown-red, heavily overtufted with black and
white hair. Patagia^ M'ith very heavy black and white tufts. Ab-
domen black with short grayish white hair on segments and an anal
tuft of bright rusty red with an upper layer of gray and white
hair.

Primaries as in the $ , the middle of the costa also somewhat
concave, the extra mesial band broader, and the sub-costal white
line from base towards the middle of the wing more conspicuous
than in ^ . The powdering of whitish scales between discal spot
and anterior margin also more pronounced.

Secondaries brownish black with concolorous fringes. An
extremely small, light yellow discal dot ; its tint being nearly suf-
fused by the darker black of its surrounding halo. An indication

174

of a mesial band from costa to anal angle by irregular, detached^
whitish powdered spots, being smallest near apex and anal angle^
and largest between first and second median nervules.

Beneath, primaries as above. On secondaries the grayish white
blotches of the mesial band more pronounced and larger than on
upper surface, taking irregular, triangular shapes between first, and
second and third veins.

Expands 2.3-10, 2.7-16 inches.

Length of body, 1, l.Y-8 inch.

This beautiful insect is similar in its form to H. Juno, Pack.,
and H. Diana, Pack., but is readily distinguishable from both by
the glaring red abdomen of the ^ , and the black abdomen of the $ .
Besides, ll. Yavapai has a white sub-costal line, and other peculi-
arities, which do not agree with II. Juno (see Annual Rep. Pea-
body Acad. Sci. for 1871, p. 87 ; published April, 1872).

H. Yavapai ? approaches H. Diana, (see Rep. Zoolog. Colh
Lieut.Carpenter, Colo., 1873, IT. S. Govt. Print. Ofl:., 1875, p. 557),
but is a much larger insect. It has not the conspicuous white band
on secondaries, which is the salient feature in H. Diana, but is dis-
tinguished by the white sub-costal line.

H. Juno, H. Diana, II. Yavapai, inhabit the same zone^
Southern, Southeastei'n Arizona and Sonora and may have a common
pedigree. II. Yavapai is the most distinctively marked form. It
has been raised by Mr. J. Doll, and of the forty ex 1. examples, at
present in my possession, not a single one materially deviates from
the description herein given.

The habitat of H. Yavapai is Sierra Colorado and San
Pedro river, Arizona.

Types "^ $ . ex 1. Coll. B. I^eumoegen.

MOTHS COLLECTED BY PROF. SNOW IN NEW MEXICO,
WITH LIST OF EUDRIINI.

By A. R. Grote.

The following species have been sent to me by Professor
Snow from his captures this year in Northern New Mexico. The
species are often the same as the Texan, while some of the forms
are like those described from Mexico. The dangers of collecting
in that region from the Indians are yet quite considerable. Prof.
Snow very narrowly escaped capture by bands of the Apaches.

Halesidota Labecula. n. s.

$ . Abdomen scarlet above, beneath and at the sides yellowish ;
a stigmatal series of black dots and a dorsal series on the terminal
segments. Fore wings transparent, speckled with brown and clay
colored scales. Five clay spots on the costa mark the inception of
the transverse lines. Subterminal line, double, continued, dentate.
Hind v/ings yellowish, transparent, with narrow brown edging.

175

Head and thoi'ax pale yellowish brown. Antennae yellowish brown,
strono'ly bipectinate. Fore coxa3 red inwardly. Legs clay colored,
marked with brown, the femora stained with red within.

Expajtse, 60 mil. One fresh male (869),

Larger and less yellow than Edwardsii, differing by the bi'own-
ish thorax. The terminal abdominal marks when present in
Edwardsii are more or less diffuse and livid.

Quadrina. n. gen.

Tlie primaries are short and wide. The cell is very short and
veins long. Median vein 4-branched, cell open, veins nearly equi-
distant vein, 4: from base of cell. Yein 10 out of 9, a long furca-
tion. Abdomen untufted. Differs from CitJieronia by the de-
pressed apices, long, curved nervules and 4-branched median vein
■of primaries. Veins 6 and 7 thrown off together; 8 ansing mid-
way between 7 and 9. Median vein on hind wrings also -i-branched ;
■cell open, nervules straight and long ; 4 and 5 together ; 3 near 4
from lower side of vein. Costal and subcostal veins forming an
accessory cell at base. Head rather broad and not as sunken as
usual ; thorax hardly elevated in front, Squamation and aspect of
CitJieronia sepidcralis. The cell on primaries appears closed at
base by the fusion of subcostal and median veins,

Quadrina Diazoma. n. s.

? . Antennse pectinate to tips, brownish. The four wings
nearly concolorous brownish, brighter at base, where they have longer
scales. A curved, even, dark, extra mesial shade line on primaries.
An uneven, broken, subterminal line. Hind wings with a reddish
«hade, which obtains slightly at apices of primaries. Body darker,
•concolorous.

Expanse^ 95 mil.

The neuration of this speciel seems to me to be indicative of
a comparatively low and old type of Bombycidae. This is seen
in the long veinlets, equidistant ; the shape of the wing, the costal
margin curved, depressed before apices. Without the male, it is
difficult to be certain of the true position of this form. The brown
■color is brighter, more red tinted, brighter ochery brown at base of
wings than in Coloradia Pandora^ and altogether it is removed
from that type and in several characters approaches Citheronia.
Differs from Gloveria, by the larger head, broader clypeus and
•smoother body clothing. There is a gray mixture on the fore wings
of Coloradia and Gloveria, wanting in Quadrina, which is a smaller
insect. The pectinate ? antennae separate the moth from the
Ceratocampidoe. The shape of the wings is like Eacles, but on the
whole the outline is more like HypercJiiria. While structurally
remote from any described U. S. genus, it may be catalogued next
to Gloveria for the present.

Rhododipsa Miniana. n.s.

Eyes naked. Thorax covered with narrow scales. Front full.
Thorax lighter honey-yellow or orange ; this color spreads over base

176

of fore wings. Fore wings pale smooth clay color, crossed by two
broad, vague, mesial white bands. Subterminal line inaugurated by
a brilliant wine-red, outwardly oblique, linear scale patch, partly
resolved into about three spots. A spot on internal margin. Hind
wings brilliant wine red ; the internal margin yellowish ; indica-
tions of yellowish mesial line and the fringes are also of this color.
Beneath the disc of primaries is of the same wine-red ; and the hind
wungs are crossed by lines and shades of the same color. Length
of fore wing, 10 mil.

The markings of primaries recall Tamila Velaris. The fore
legs are wanting in the beautifully fresh example sent me by Prof,
Snow under the No. 871. Quite as handsome as R. Volnpia Grote ;
the red color is very rich. Tliis genus and Rhodophora contain
highly colored crimson or wine red species.

Bessula. n. g.

Clypeus full. Infra-clypeal plate projecting ; fore tibiie with
a claw on the inside at extremity of joint; a succession of three
stout spines outside ; all the tibiae spinose. Thorax untufted,
hairy. Antennas of male simple, ciliate beneath. Eyes naked.
This form differs from Pippona Bimatris, by the slenderer fore
tibiae which have a single stout claw- like spine on the inside;
whereas in Pippona^ which has the same characters, the joint is short
and broad and there is a double spine on the inside. The fore
wings are also not satiny in Bessula, which differs from Antaplaga^
in the absence of the clypeal process, Avliile in that genus the pri-
maries are unusually produced.

Bessula Luxa. n. s.

(5 ? . Fore wings and thorax very light, whitish yellow, almost
white, hind wings white, immaculate, siTky. The fore wings have
a curved t. p. line of faint ochrey dots. Two faint cellular dots.
A dot or two in place of t. a. line. Sub-terminal line a succesion
of similar dots. All these dots are so faint that they are only
noticeable in my fresh female specimen. The male, somewhat
rubbed, appears almost immaculate. Beneath yellowish white.
Costa and apices dusky yellowish ; the s. t. line indicated over costal
region as a vague, dark shaded mark.

Exp. $ l5, ? 30 mil. No. 873.

The yellow color is still fainter than in Oxylos Citrinelhis.
This species, especially the female, has a certain false air of Pareii-
cJiaetcs.

Eiidryas. Boisd.

The clypeus, wings, feet and antennae give good generic char-
acters in the moths. If it were necessary to show the complete
want of anything like anatomical study on the part of Mr. Strecker,
it would be only necessary to point to his reference of Ciris and
Copidryus Gloveri to the genus Eiidryas. The three genera
Eudryas, Copidryas and Eitscirrhoptems are abundantly distin-
guished by the structure of the front and of the wings. The clypeus

177

is smooth and the apices depressed in Eudryas. The clypeiis has a
wide and thin lengthily projected "plate," and the apices are
determinate in Copidryas. The clvpens has a circular rough projec-
tion and the male wings are almost denuded, the apices roundedly
produced, the neuration aberrant in the Cuban Eiiscirrhopterus.
Ciris is distinguished by the pectinate antennae and shape of wings ;
it is the lowest of the genera. The group is not Noctuidous, as
some Continental authors seem to believe, but related to Alypia
and Castnia^ as sufficiently explained by Dr. Packard. I have
referred the African genus Ovios here, in a former paper, and in
my " Catalogue," I call the group Eiidriini. The list there given
is defective and should be amended as foUows:

Family ZYG^NID^.

Sub-family Hesperi-Sphinges Latreille.

Tribe Eiidriini.

EusciERHOPTEKus Grotc (1866).

PoETi Grote.

Heterandra disparilis H.-S.
Cuba.

Copidryas Grote (1876).
Gloveri G. &• R.
Texas; Arizona,

Eudryas Boisd. (1836).
Unio Hubner.
Eud. brevipennis Stretch.
■ Canada to South. States ; California.
Grata Eabr.
Eud. Assiinilis Boisd.
Canada to South. States.

Ciris Grote (1863).
WiLsoNii Grote.
Texas.

Lygranthoecia Spraguei. Grote.

The specimen is paler than our Eastern examples, but seems
to belong to the same species. One specimen. New Mexico.
Emplocia Cephisaria. n. s.

? . Aspect of Melanchroia CepJiise. Blue black above, im-
maculate ; the short fringes are white. Beneath black, with the
base of both wings on costal region shaded' with pale lake red.
The collar and fore legs on the inside touched same color. Body-
black, as are the antennae and legs. Expanse 30 mil.

In this species the primaries above at base show an extremely
faint sub-costal shade of lake red. One specimen (868).
Emplocia Fervefactaria. n. s.

Above orange, with lead colored margins to the wings
broken up into trigonate patches. A large triangular patch on

178

costa beyond the middle and another before apices. Terminal
margin banded with lead color, widely above, narrowly below
vein four. The lead colored fringes twice interrupted with white
on the interspaces between veins two and four. Hind wings
with three large marginal leaden patches, one on internal margin,
another at anal angle, a third at apices. Outer edge narrowly
leaden. A pale apical fleck. Beneath the markings repeated.
Primaries orange ; the ground color on each side of the leaden
triangle at apices becoming pale. Hind wings with the orange
color of upper surface replaced by pale clay, a basal dot, two dis-
cal dots and superposed costal mark on the pale ground color, dis-
tinct. Above these are indicated less distinctly. Wings at base
touched with carmine, the costa of fore wings shaded with red.
Body pale, head and collar touched with red.

Expanse 32 mil. One specimen (867).

BOTIS VOLUPIALIS. Grote.

A fresh specimen (No. 877). In this species the fore wings
are colored like Signatalis, crossed by two broad clay lines. The
inner angulated sub-medially ; the outer broader, even, nearly
straight. It differs decidedly from its ally in this respect, but is
similarly sized and almost as highly colored and pretty a species.
Body and hind wings much as in its ally. My original specimen
came from the hills west of Denver. Botis August alls is nearer
Vohipialis than Signatalis, while quite different from either.

BOTIS TORALIS. n. s.

Fore wings olive yellow, with a broad terminal vinous border
and a basal patch of same color. Thorax yellow olive. Head
touched with red. Hind wings thinly scaled, pale fuscous. Be-
neath pale fuscous ; apices of fore wings touched with wine color.
Fringes wine-red. On the primaries, beneath, a dark s. t. band
and discal mark are indicated. This species hardly looks like a
Botis, it is similarly sized with Ventralis. (No. 872). Expanse
26 mil.

Among the species collected by Prof. Snow in Northern New
Mexico are Botis Fracturalis Zeller (880), Allectalis Grote (884,-
885), Tatalis Grote, (878). All these were described from Texas
originally. There is also a specimen of Emprcpes Novalis (881),
•much larger than my Texan type.

RAPILIO .

PI IV.

]yiintem Br'os* Chromo iii.Vi

PAPILIO.

Prgan ot tl^e fJew Jork pntomological piub.

Vol.1.] November, 1881. [No. lO.

NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF THE FAMILY
^GERID^.

By Henry Edwards.

The study of this difficult and little known group has for
some time past engaged my attention, and the kindness of many
friends throughout the United States, whose generosity shall be
hereafter fully acknowledged, has enabled me to become ac-
quainted with a number of new forms. In the course of a few
months I hope to be enabled to publish a monograph of the
North American species, with colored figures, the difficulty
and delay arising from the drawing of the plates presenting the
only obstacle to its immediate production.

In the present paper I have described all the species coming
into my hands which appear to me to be new to science. I shall
be extremely grateful for corrections of any errors of which I may
have been guilty, it being hardly possible for me to escape the
commission of a few. Through the kindness of Mr. A. G. Butler,
of the British Museum, I have obtained admirable colored draw-
ings of Walker's types, the descriptions of which I have copied
and added to the present paper. A plate of these species is now
being prepared by Messrs. Mintern Bros., London, and will be
given (if possible) with the December number of " Papilio."

I here repeat, what I have more than once said, that I shall
be deeply indebted for the loan of any species of .^geridse, more
especially from the southern, western and extreme northern por-
tions of the continent. These shall be carefully preserved and
returned as early as possible.

I have scarcely thought it desirable, in the present paper, to

i8o

give the diagnoses of the genera proposed by previous authors, as

these will appear in their proper places in the more extended

work.

J Trochilium Pacificum. n. sp.

Size and aspect of T. apiforvic, L. The forewings have a
blackish space at the base, and the borders and nervures of both
wings are orange brown, the same color as in the European
species. Antennae, rich brown, paler at the apex. Head, with
the front brown, orbits of the eyes and tibiae pale lemon yellow.
Palpi pale yellow. Fore femora and tibis pale yellow, bordered
inwardly with black. Hind tibiae and tarsi wholly yellow. Thorax
brown on the disk, with two stripes of yellow, broadest at the
base, and the tegulae edged broadly in front with yellow. There
is also a yellow spot at the base of the wings, leaving the tegulae
themselves brown. At the junction of the thorax and abdomen
are some black hairs, edged with yellow. The abdomen is wholly
blackish brown. Of the seven visible segments, the first is with-
out a band, the second has a very narrow golden yellow band in
front, the third a broad yellow band in front, sinuously notched
in the middle, leaving the centre narrower than the sides, the
fourth segment is without a band, the fifth, sixth and seventh are
wholly golden yellow, with a waved mark of brownish posteriorly
on the fifth and sixth. The anal segment is very long and taper-
ing. Sides of all the segments marked with golden yellow.
Underside of abdomen golden yellow for the last five segments.

I i. Washington Ter. (Morrison), i ?. California, (R. H.
Stretch).

Types. Coll. B. Neumoegen. J. Akhurst.

The dark tegulae and the sinuous mark on the third abdom-
inal segment will serve to distinguish this species from T. api-
fornie L. of which it appears to be the Pacific Coast representative.

EUHAGENA. n. gen.

In many respects this genus is similar to Tarsa of Walker,
but it differs by the proboscis being short, instead of long, by the
antennae being much longer than the thorax, and by the fore and
hind wings being opaque. It may be thus characterized : Body
short at base, tapering posteriorly, with long anal tuft. Proboscis
short. Palpi densely clothed with long hairs, and nearly straight.
Antennae twice the length of the thorax, very deeply pectinated,
except at the tip, where the pectinations seem soldered together
into a compact mass. Legs long. Tibiae with long hairs, not so
long, however, as in either Melittia or Larimda. Tarsi naked.
Wings all opaque, the hind nearly double the width of the fore
pair.

I have dedicated this singular genus to my good friend, Dr.
Herman Hagen, of Cambridge, one of the most distinguished of
living entomologists, and one to whom I am under special obliga-
tions.

1«I

V EUHAGENA NFBRASK.^. n. Sp.

Antennae, thorax and abdomen deep velvety black. Thorax
with white scales at the sides. Abdomen with the posterior edges
of the segments with clear white bands, extending in nearly all the
segments entirely around. Anal tuft with white scales. Tibiae
black at their base, the hind pair with long whitish hairs inter-
mixed. Tarsi, unclothed, black, with minute white scales. Fore-
wings rich dark orange, black at the base, along the costa, and
narrowly so on the internal margin. Discal mark large, black, tri-
angular. Fringes long, blackish brown. Hind wings, also, rich
•dark orange, the abdominal margin broadly black, and the ovate
discal spot, also black. The course of the nervules in both wings
is indicated by black scales. Fringe broad, blackish brown.

Exp. wings. 32 m.m.

I $. Nebraska. (Mr. Austin).

Type. Coll. Cambridge Museum.

A very remarkable form, differing greatly from any other with
which I am acquainted

BEMBECIA SEQUOL'E. n. sp.

$. Forewings with the margins all black, the costal rather
broad. Hind wings with costal margin, and base of the abdom-
inal pale yellow. Beneath, the forewings have the margins lemon
yellow, as far as the discal mark, beyond this, black. Hind wings
as on the upper side. Head and antennae jet black. Palpi lemon
yellow, black at the sides. Fore femora, orbits of eyes and base
of wings beneath lemon yellow. Middle and hind femora black.
Tibiae, lemon yellow, bordered with black. Thorax with collar,
tegulse, two narrow dorsal lines, and a basal line, lemon yellow.
Abdomen with all the segments, except the fourth, narrowly bor-
dered with rich lemon yellow. Caudal tutt, yellow below, blackish
above.

?. Similar to the $ , but a little larger and more robust, the
abdominal band broader and better defined.

Exp. wings $. 24 m.m. ?. 30 m.m.

8 5.6?. Mendocino Co., Calif. (O. Baron).

Very destructive to Sequoia sempervirens, as well as to some
species of Pimis.

BEMBECIA SUPERBA. n. sp. -- ^^ ■ . -

Nearly allied to B. seqiioicB, but more delicate than that
species. Fore wings with costal margin brownish black, the in-
ternal margin and discal mark flecked with golden scales. The
base and abdominal margin of hind wings are golden yellow.
Beneath, with the exception of the margin of hind wings, and the
posterior margin of fore wings, which are brown, the whole of the
wings are golden yellow. Head and antennae black, the latter
with yellow hairs at the base. Thorax with collar and rather
broad lateral and basal bands golden yellow. Abdomen black,
with second segment posteriorly, and fourth, fifth and sixth

I82

wholly golden yellow, the color extending to the under side»
Caudal tuft golden yellow, blackish in the centre above. Palpi
golden yellow, with some black hairs at the sides. Fore coxa&
golden yellow without, blackish within. Other coxae and femora
blackish. Tibiae and tarsi golden yellow, the former marked with
black at the joints above.

Exp. wings. 30 m.m.

I ?. Washington Terr. (Morrison).

Type. Coll. E. L. Graef.

This may be distinguished from B. seqiioicB by its slighter
structure, narrower body, golden scales on fore wings, and by the
posterior segments of abdomen being wholly yellow and not
banded.

Larunda. n. gen.;l ■^-•vri-/ -

Antennae moderately pectinated in the (? , almost simple in
the ?. Palpi, short, with very broad spreading tuft of hairs.
Tongue almost obselete. Abdomen very long, sessile, as wide at
the base at the thorax. Caudal tuft large, flat, spreading. Hind
tibiae clothed with bunches of long hairs, especially in the ? .
Forewings opaque. Hind pair with small vitreous spot at base.

" Larunda, daughter of Almon, was the nymph who in-
formed Juno of the connection between Jupiter and Juturna.
For this Jupiter deprived her of her tongue, and ordered Mercury
to conduct her to the lower world. On the way thither Mercury-
fell in love with her, and she afterward gave birth to 2 Lares.'"^
{SniitJis Classical Diet., page 234.)

Larunda solituda. n. sp.

$. Head and thorax brownish, collar, small tuft between
the eyes, and fore tarsi pale dull yellow. Antenna; dull brown
at the base and apex, deep orange in the middle. Hind tibiae
pale yellow, with bunch of orange hairs, which are brownish
above. These hairs are very much shorter than those of the
genus Mellittia, but are, nevertheless, quite apparent. Forewings
quite opaque, dark brown, with a red and yellow shade from base
along internal margin, and a streak of same colors in the cell,,
reaching almost to the apex, but interrupted by the discal mark.
Hind wings, vitreous in the spaces between the subcostal and
median nerve, and between the median and submedian, the vitre-
ous space terminating before the centre of the wings. Margins,
broadly orange red, mixed with brownish scales. Fringes of both
wings, olive brown. Abdomen brownish black, with 6 broad pale
orange bands, the ist, 3rd and 5th being narrower than the rest.
The 4th is broadest of all, and is carried on beneath the ab-
domen. Caudal tuft black, yellow in centre. ? Similar to the
^,with band of abdomen, a little narrower and lest distinct.

Exp. wings. $. 28 m.m. ?. 32 m.m.

$, . ?. Texas (J. Boll.) (Coll. B. Neumoegen. ?. Kansas
(H. Brous.) Coll. C. V. Riley.)

i83

V SCIAPTERON GrAEFI. n. sp.

Entire insect purplish black, with very bright metallic re-
flection. Antennae and palpi dull black. There are no traces of
bands on the abdomen, and the legs are wholly concolorous with
the rest of the body. I know of no other species with similar
coloration.

Exp. wings. 29 m.m.

I ^. 2?. Nevada (Morrison.")

Type. Coll. E. L, Graef, from whom I have received many
courtesies, and to whom I dedicate this singular species.
'' SCIAPTERON SCEPSIFORMIS. n. sp.

Allied to 5. syrifiO(£ Harris, but with the legs much shorter.
The forewings are rich golden brown, a little reddish at the base
and on the disk. The hind wings are very opalescent, with a
rather broad purplish brown margin, the opaque portion being
•carried a considerable distance along the course of the median
and sub-median veins. Discal mark prominent and broad, en-
closing an oval vitreous space, crossed by two veins. Abdominal
margin brownish orange. The wings beneath are the same as
above, except that the costal margin of forewings is yellowish.
Antennas purplish brown, dark orange at the base and at the tip.
Palpi and vertex dark orange. Femora dark brown. Tibia; and
tarsi orange, banded with brown. Thorax with very narrow
stripes on the sides and broader ones at base, pale yellow. Abdo-
men brown, with 2nd segment- narrowly bordered behind with
pale yellow. Anal segments with yellowish shade. Caudal tuft
5mall, as in all the genus, pale brown.

Exp. wings S . 25 m.m. ? 29 m.m.

i^. I?. Texas. (J. Boll.)

Type. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

SCIAPTERON CUPRESSI. n. sp.
' Allied to Sciap. Robinice., Hy. Edw., but having the fore
wings pale yellow at the base, and purplish brown along the
costal margin, not concolorous as in S. Robinice. The hind wings
have the abdominal margins and the base rather broadly golden
yellow, the fringes of both wings being golden brown. Beneath,
the forewings, as well as the margins of the hind pair, are golden
yellow. Antennae, vertex, and palpi, deep orange. Base of the
eyes, pale yellow. All the tibiae and tarsi, orange, blackish at the
joints, and stained in the middle with a deeper shade. Thorax
brown, with narrow lateral yellow streaks, and a broader one at
the base. Abdomen with basal segment black, the second deep
orange, edged posteriorly with pale yellow, the third orange in
front, shading into paler yellow behind. All the other segments
-are deep yellow. Beneath, the abdomen has five pale yellow
bands. Caudal tuft, dull orange.

Exp. wings. 30 m.m.

-i84

1 $. Colorado. (I. Doll.)

Type. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

The chief differences to be found between this and Sc. Robinim
are : the markings of the fore wings, the much darker tibia; and
tarsi, stained with a deeper shade, and the almost wholly yellow
abdomen, which in 5. Robinice is blackish for the first three seg-
ments, with a narrow yellow line.

SciAPTERON Syringe. Harr. Larva.

Yellowish white. Head about two-thirds the width of sec-
ond segment, chestnut brown, with the mouth parts pitchy above,
whitish beneath, very shiny, and with a deep triangular sulcus in
front. Second segment yellowish, with a waved brownish line
posteriorly. Each of the segments bears about eight short
brownish hairs. The third segment is slightly broader than the
rest, swollen as it were, at the sides. The spiracles are small,
brown, those of the second and twelfth segment being larger than
the rest. The anal segment is slightly yellow, with many short
brownish hairs. All the feet and legs pale pitchy.

Length. 0.80 inch.

In stems of Syringa Pcrsica. Albany, N. Y. Dr. James S.
Bailey.

In young shoots of Fraximis sp. Long Island. Rev. G. D.
Hulst.

In young shoots of Fraximis sp. Ames, Iowa. Herbert Os-
born.

Carmenta. n. gen.

Fore wings quite opaque. Abdomen sessile, and tapering
toward anal extremity. Caudal tuft small. Antenna thickened
toward the extremity, as in ALgeria proper. In many respects
this genus approaches Paranthrnie, but in that genus, while the
anterior wings are opaque, the antennae are simple, or cihate.

Type. Algeria Pyralidiformis. Walker.

" Carmenta was the most important of the Camenae, the pro-
phetic nymphs belonging to the religion of ancient Italy. The
traditions which assigned a Greek origin to her worship state that
her original name was Nicostrate, and that she was the mother of
Evander, with whom she came to Italy."

SviitJis Class. Diet. Art. Camense.
^ Carmenta Ruficornis. n. sp.

/' Fore wings bright golden purple, the golden shades arranged
in streaks. Margins of hind wings also flecked with gold. Be-
neath, the fore wings have the costal edge bright yellow. An-
tennae bright brownish orange above, with the tip black. Be-
neath they are brownish black. Thorax with narrow lateral and
basal yellow lines, and with some pale blue metallic scales at base.
Abdomen with second and fourth segments narrowly edged pos-
teriorly with pale yellow, the sixth wholly yellow. Between the

r

i85

bands are a few pale blue metallic scales. Caudal tuft black,
with the centre beneath yellow. Palpi golden yellow. Coxae,
femorae, and basal half of tibiae steel black, the rest of the legs
golden yellow, banded with black. The yellow of the legs is of a
deeper shade than that of the abdominal band.

Exp. wings. 14 m.m.

I S. Georgia. (Morrison.)

Type. Coll. E. L. Graef.

The reddish orange antennae, and the blue metallic scales,
will serve to distinguish this pretty species from its nearest allies,
C. Pyralidifornis^ Wlk., and C. Ajireopurpmira, Hy. Ed.

Carmenta Minuta. n. sp.
^Allied to C. Pyralidiformis, Wlk., but differing greatly^ in
size, as well as in other characters. The fore wings are purplish,
with a golden reflection. The fringes of both wings are brown.
Antennae black above, yellowish below. Collar pale yellow.
Abdomen with third, fifth and seventh segments narrowly edged
with pale yellow. Caudal tuft wholly black. Palpi blackish
above, golden yellow beneath. Tibiae and tarsi golden yellow,
regularly banded with black.

Exp. wings. 8 m.m.

1 $. Georgia. (Morrison.)
Type. Coll. F. Tepper.

The smallest species of this section of the family known to
me.

\ Carmenta Sanborni. n. sp.

Bronze black. Fore wings with very minute vitreous space
beyond cell. Beneath they are cream yellow for about their
basal half, the yellow being flecked with brown scales. Palpi,
fore femora, and the posterior edge of fourth and sixth abdomi-
nal segments, yellowish white. '-

Exp. wings. 8 m.m.

2 ^. I ?. Andover, Mass. (F.G.Sanborn.)
Types. Coll. Boston Soc. Natural History.
Carmenta Fraxini. n. sp.

Wholly bronze black. Fore wings with a very small vitreous
dash near base, and a bright orange discal dot at extremity of
cell. Costal margin greenish black, a purplish tint on the pos-
terior margin. Hind wings vitreous, rather narrowly margined,
with a bunch of whitish hairs at their base. Under side of wings
a little more golden than the upper. Antennae, palpi, femora,
tibiae and tarsi, brownish black. Abdomen with no trace of
band, except on posterior margin of fourth segment beneath,
which is pale yellow. Caudal tuft small, brownish beneath, black
above.

Exp. wings. 16 m.m.

I $. Washington, D. C. (C. V. Riley.)

i86

Albuna. nov. gen.

Under this name I separate a number of species, which seem
to me to possess characters sufficient to form the types of a new
genus. Compared with ySgeria proper, and taking ^g. Acerni
as the North American type of that genus, the head is much
narrower than the front of the thorax, which is not so far pro-
duced beyond the base of the wings. The antennae are compar-
atively shorter, stouter and more thickened toward the apex.
The palpi are sHghtly longer and more porrect. . The legs are
shorter proportionately and the tibiae more densely clothed with
hair. The abdomen of the $ is never constricted at the base, is
stout, cylindrical, with the caudal tuft small, and not spreading.
That of the 2 is fusiform, quite as broad at base as the thorax,
and tapering to a point. The markings of the wings are
heavier and broader than in yEgcria, the discal mark being al-
ways oblique, and the space between the sub-median nervule
and the internal marginal nervule always covered with scales.
For the group, these are rather large insects, allied to Bejubecia,
but the antennae are not so deeply pectinated, the body is more
fusiform, and the caudal tuft is not spreading.

Type. yEg. hylotomifonnis. (Walk.)

Albuna Resplendens, n. sp. ^ //u,^Xunty^vnt^:'^6/^/'

5. Fore wings with the whole surface very bright orange
red, the costal margin a little shading into golden brown, and the
corner of the nervules indicated by golden brown streaks. Hind
wings with the margin narrowly orange red. Fringes of both
wings golden brown. Beneath, the markings are repeated, but
the costal edge of the fore wings is lemon yellow. Head and
antennae black, the former with some blue metallic scales between
the eyes. Thorax with broad lateral and narrow basal stripe,
golden yellow. Abdomen with first, second and third segments
broadly banded posteriorly with golden yellow, fifth, sixth and
seventh wholly golden yellow, as is also the caudal tuft. Under
side of abdomen, palpi, coxae and all the legs golden yellow, the
tibiae banded at the joints with black. ?. Similar to the <?, but
a little more robust, the posterior segments of abdomen banded
with, but not wholly, golden yellow.

Exp. wings. 23 m.m.

I $ . Soda Springs, Siskiyou county, Cal. (I. Behrens.) 2 ?^
Sierra Nevada, Cal. (S. Brannan.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Albuna Rutilans. n. sp.

Fore wings with the costal margin broadly purplish brown,
the internal and posterior margins deep golden yellow, not by
many degrees of so red a shade as in the preceding species. The
nervules are marked by brownish streaks. Hind wings with
costal margin lemon yellow, the outer margin deep golden yel-

i87

low, edged anteriorly by a narrow brown band. The fringes of
both wings are golden brown. Underside of wings pale golden
yellow, the rest of the markings repeated. Head and antennae
dull black. Thorax with the usual narrow lateral and basal yel-
low lines. Abdomen with all the segments banded with pale
golden yellow, the third and fifth being the widest. Caudal tuft
golden yellow, black in centre and at the sides. Palpi and all the
legs golden yellow, the tibis banded at the joints with black.

Exp. wings. 20 m.m.

I s. Virginia City, Nevada. (H. E.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

/Albuna Rileyana. n. sp.
In this, which very closely resembles some of the Pacific
Coast forms, the fore wings are wholly golden brown, except the
discal mark and the basal half of internal margin, which are red-
dish orange, and the base, which is jet black. The hind wings
have the transverse mark and the base of abdominal margin red-
dish orange. Fringes of both wings golden brown, except that
of the abdominal margin, which is yellow. Beneath, the mark-
ings are strongly repeated. Head black. Antennae brown, paler
at the base. Thorax with narrow lateral and broad basal, yellow
streaks. Abdomen with all the segments, except the first,
equally banded with pale golden yellow, the bands extending
underneath. Caudal tuft brownish, speckled with yellow. Palpi,
coxae and all the legs golden yellow, the tibiae banded with black
at the joints.

Exp. wings. 24 m.m.

I $. Cadet, Missouri. (Prof. C. V. Riley.)

Albuna Artemisia, n. sp.

Fore wings greenish black, especially so along the costa.
The internal margin, some streaks on the posterior margin and
the posterior portion of discal mark, dull orange. Costal and
abdominal margins of hind wings, pale lemon yellow. Fringes of
both bluish black. Fore wings beneath have the costal and inter-
nal margins lemon yellow, hind portion of discal mark, dark
orange, and posterior margin streaked with pale orange. Hind
wings as on upper side. Head and antennae black. Collar deep
lemon yellow, as are also the sides of the thorax. Abdomen with
the segments banded posteriorly with bright yellow. The first and
second bands are very narrow ; the third is notched posteriorly ; the
fourth without band. The remaining segments are very broadly
banded. Caudal tuft, black above and beneath, with a few yel-
low hairs at the sides. Palpi yellow, brown at their tips. Fore
coxae, blackish, yellow at the sides. Middle and hind coxae
wholly black. Fore tibiae brownish yellow, banded with black.
Middle and hind tibiae, bright yellow, bluish black above. Tarsi,
all yellow.

Exp. wings. 1 8 m.m.

i6. Sier. Nev. Calif. (H. E.) on flowers of Artemisia vul-
garis. L.

Albuna Montana, n. sp. , . .. ^ (\ .

$. Forewings with the costal and posterior margins bronze
black, with a few silvery scales at the base. The discal mark is
broad, oblique, widest at the costal edge, as in all the genus.
The internal margin is reddish orange for about ^ of its length,
and the discal mark is also edged posteriorly with the same color.
The lower wings have the base stained with dull orange, and
most of the nervules are the same color. The fringes of both wings
are brown. Beneath, the wings are pale dull orange for about their
basal 73. Posterior margin and discal mark, dull brown. Head
and antennae black, the latter brownish beneath. Orbits of eyes,
white. Collar, cream color. Thorax black, with the base and
the tegulae behind, cream color narrowly. Abdomen with 1st,
2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th segments, edged posteriorly with cream color,
the bands extending to the lower side. Caudal tuft black,
sprinkled with a few yellow hairs. Palpi, cream color. Fore
coxffi lead color, white on the outer edge. Femora reddish brown.
Tibiae, pale yellow, banded with black at the joints.

? . Generally a little larger than the <?, with the red on the
forewings more distinct, and the yellow of the abdominal band of
a brighter tint.

Exp. wings. $. 25 m.m. ?. 32 m.m.

21 Examples. $ . ? .

White Mountains, N. H. (Morrison. Grote.) Nevada, Col-
orado. (Morrison.) Anticosti Isld. (Couper.) Sier. Nevada,
Cal. (H. E.)

Colls. Tepper, Graef, Neumoegen, W. Grey, Dr. Bailey, Hy.
Edwards, etc., etc.

A very variable insect, and of wide distribution, passing
probably by degrees into the following species.

Albuna Tanaceti. n. sp.
' Probably a variety of A. montana. It is smaller, and the
reddish orange of the forewings is more distributed over the
whole surface, both above and below.

Exp. wings.

Several examples 5. ?. Colorado, (H. K.Morrison.) Mt.
Hood, Oregon, (Morrison.) Cahfor., Sier. Nev., Cal., Vancouver
Isld. (H. E.)

Colls. Neumoegen, Graef, Tepper, Hy. Edwards.

It is possible that both this and the preceding species are
forms of Walker's yEg. hylotoniiforinis.

Albuna Vancouverensis. n. sp.

Much blacker than AL montana. A heavy reddish orange
line between the sub-median nervule and the internal margin,

189

and the under side of wings are slightly marked with reddish
orange. Legs almost entirely black. In fresh specimens the
bands of posterior abdominal segments are composed of silvery
blue scales.

Exp. wings. 22 m.m.

7 examples. 6. ?. Vancouver Isld. (H. E.) Colorado,
(Morrison.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards,

Albuna Coloradensis. n. Sp.

In this form the reddish orange is entirely obliterated, and
the insect bears a near resemblance to the following: {A. torva^
It differs from that species, however, by having the abdomen
banded faintly with silvery blue scales, as in ^. Vancoiiverensis,
and by the presence of a few scales of the same color in the
vitreous spaces of the fore wings. It is smaller also, and the
under side of the wings has a golden reflection, not seen in either
Al. Vancoirucrcnsis or Al. torva.

Exp. wings. 21 m.m.

I ?. Colorado. (H. K. Morrison.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Albuna torva. n. sp.

Entirely dull, brownish black, wholly unrelieved by any other
•color, with the exception of a very narrow whitish posterior mar-
gin to the three basal abdominal segments, which is scarcely vis-
ible without a lens.

The only species, so unicolorous, known to me.

Exp. wings. 22 m.m.

3 ? . Glen. Mt. Washington, N. H. Vancouver Isld. (H. E.)
Colorado, (Morrison.)

Types. Coll. Bost. Soc. Natl. Hist. Hy. Edwards.

yEGERIA FLAVA. n. Sp.

Size of ^g. tipiilifornis L. Fore wings with a bright golden
yellow cast, which pervades even the vitreous space. Costal mar-
gin, golden brown. Discal mark, golden brown in front, edged
posteriorly with rich orange. Vitreous space continued nearly to
the posterior margin marked only by the nervures. Costal mar-
gin of hind wings golden yellow, other margins golden brown.
Antennae bright dark orange, brownish at the base. Palpi, collar,
and fore femora lemon yellow. Tibiae and tarsi golden, brownish
without, and slightly banded with black. Thorax with base and
two very distinct stripes on sides, lemon yellow. Abdomen with
all the segments distinctly banded with lemon yellow, that of the
fourth segment being the broadest. Beneath the abdomen is
•deep lemon yellow. Caudal tuft yellow, black in the centre.

Exp. wings. 16 m.m.

I ? . Colon. Isth. Panama. (T. L. Mead.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

I go

^GERIA AURATA. n. sp.

Small, size oi yEg. ceriifonnis Led. Fore wings wholly vitreous,
at the base, with the exception of the margins, of which the
costal is rather broad, brown, edged posteriorly with gold. Pos-
terior margin, gold color, with the nervules marked with purple.
Hind wings edged narrowly with gold on costal, golden brown on
other margins. Under side of wings same as the upper. Palpi
and legs wholly golden, the latter faintly banded with a darker
shade. Antennae, golden beneath, brown above. Thorax and
abdomen brownish, the former with the sides golden yellow, the
latter with all the segments banded with golden yellow, the two
middle bands being the widest. Beneath the abdomen is wholly
golden yellow, and the caudal tuft is the same color.

Exp. wings. II m.m.

I S. Panama. (H. E.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.
.' ^GERIA CORNI. n. sp.

Allied to yEg. acerni. Clem. Costal and posterior margins,
of fore wings, large discal spot, linear internal margin, and narrow
margin of hind wings dull black. Palpi, collar and underside of
caudal tuft, bright orange. Pectus and fore femora, pale yellow.
Antennae black, fuscous at the apical third. Tibiae and tarsi,
blackish without, yellow within. Spurs, pale orange. Thorax
and abdomen purplish black, the former with a few lateral hairs,
and the latter with a slight golden reflection. No bands.

Exp. wings. I 5 m.m.

I <?. On Co7-nus se?'icea 'L,. Purgatory Swamp, Mass. (Mrs.
Hy. Edwards.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

^Egeria saxifrag/E. n. sp.

Allied to ^g. fulvipes, Harris, but differing from it by hav-
ing the abdomen wholly blue black, above and below, and the
antennae also wholly black. Both pairs of wings have some red-
dish orange scales at their base, and the under side of caudal
tuft is also reddish orange.

Exp. wings. 15 m.m.

I $. Colorado. (Morrison.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

^GERIA VERECUNDA. n. sp.

At first sight like ^Eg. lycopsiforniis Esp., but the fore wings-
are almost entirely opaque. The fore wings are blackish brown
along costal margin. The course of the sub-median nervule, the
discal mark, and the extreme posterior margin are also the same
color. The rest of the wing, including the spaces usually vitreous,,
is sordid white. Hind wings have a brassy tinge, and are blackish
at their base. Fringe, bronze black, edges, sordid white. Both
wings, beneath sordid white, clouded with bronze black. An

tennae, blackish brown above, ash color beneath. Head in front,
sordid white, crown yellowish. Palpi, orbit of eyes, fore coxae,
collar, lateral and basal stripes of thorax, sordid white. Abdomen
with second segment blotched with sordid white, the fourth and
sixth with narrow band of same color posteriorly, that of the
fourth extending to the underside. Caudal tuft wholly black.
Tibiae and tarsi bluish black, speckled with sordid white.

Exp. wings. 20 m.m.

I (?. 2 ?. Colorado. (Morrison.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards. F. Tepper.

A very aberrant species as regards its coloration.

/Egeria brunneipennis. n. sp.

Fore wings rich brown, black at extreme base, the interior
margin for half its length, and the posterior half of discal mark,
reddish orange. The hind wings have a reddish orange shade at
the base of abdominal margin. Fringes of both wings golden
brown. Beneath, the wings are yellowish at their base for about
half their length. Costa of hind wings orange, the rest as on
upper side. Antennae and head dull black, front deep yellow.
Thorax black, with round blotch at base of wings, tegulae behind
and base, golden yellow. Abdomen with the posterior margins
of second and third segments narrowly, and fourth, fifth and
sixth broadly edged with golden yellow. Palpi, fore coxae, and
hind tibiae golden yellow, the latter banded at the joints with
black. Fore and middle tibiae rather darker in color.

Exp. wings. 23 m.m.

I ? . Georgia. (Morrison.)

Type. Coll. F. Tepper.
1/ ^GERIA RUBROFASCIA. n. sp.

Fore wings purplish black, the median nervule running pos-
teriorly very close to the internal margin, the discal mark is, there-
fore, very long, both its edges being nearly straight. Beneath,
the fore wings have some streaks of straw color along the costal
edge and at the base. Fringes, above and below, purplish brown.
Head, thorax and abdomen, purplish black, the latter having the
fourth and fifth segments wholly reddish orange. Caudal tuft
hastate, purplish black, with the tip whitish. Palpi, coxae, femora
and tibiae, dull black, with metallic lustre. All the tarsi and
spurs sordid white.

Exp. wings. 20 m.m.

I $. Georgia. (Morrison.)

Type. Coll. E. L. Graef

yEGERIA BOLLI. n. sp.

Fore wings dense black on the margins, the spaces between
the veins on the posterior margin, orange. The wings are want-
ing in the purple reflection common to many species. Fringes,
broadly brownish black. Beneath the markings of the upper side

ig2

are repeated. Head blackish brown, collar a dull yellow. An-
tennae blue black. Thorax narrowly yellow at sides and base.
Abdomen with first, second, third, fourth and seventh segments
narrowly edged with yellow posteriorly, the band Jiot extending
underneath. Caudal tuft, black above, narrowly orange at the
sides, orange beneath, except the base, which is black. Palpi
orange, the tip brown. Fore coxae, deep yellow. Tibiae without
brownish yellow, within golden yellow. Tarsi and spurs golden
yellow, the former banded with black.

Exp. wings. 21 m.m.

I S. Texas. (J. Boll.)

Type. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Dedicated to the memory of Jacob Boll, an earnest and ac-
complished entomologist.

^GERIA LUPINI. n. sp.

Forewings purplish black, with bright golden reflection, the
golden color being spread over the whole of the opaque space,
which, with the costal and internal margins, are broad, leaving
but small vitreous spaces. Costal margin of hind wings, lemon
yellow, hind margins golden brown, with the extreme edge bright
golden. Beneath, the forewings are wholly golden yellow, the
discal marks, and the nervular streaks of posterior margins, pur-
plish. Hind wings with the" margins, broadly golden yellow.
Head with the front, brown black, deep yellow at the base of an-
tennae. Collar deep yellow. Thorax with very narrow lateral
line, and the scutellum, pale yellow,. Abdomen with the 3rd
segment anteriorly, and the 5th posteriorly edged with pale yel-
low. The other segments without bands. Caudal tuft black
above, orange at the sides, and pale yellow beneath, with the base
black. Antennae blue black. Palpi pale yellow, with black hairs
beneath. Fore coxae yellow without, blackish within. Middle
and hind coxae and tibiae blackish, ihe latter with the outside pale
yellow. Tarsi all yellow.

Exp. wings. 14 m.m.

2$ I?. Marin & Mendocino Cos., Calif. (H. E. and O.
Baron.)

Type Coll. Hy. Edwards.

ALGERIA Perplexa. n. sp.

Very nearly allied to ^^. tipuliformis L., but smaller, with
the discal mark more triangular, and the internal margin broader.
The forewings are clouded with orange along the internal margin,
and the fringes are golden brown. The antennae are brownish
for their basal third, black at the apex. Abdomen steel blue,
with the edges of the third and fifth segment narrowly bordered
posteriorly with pale yellow. Caudal tuft blackish above, orange
at sides and beneath, except at base, where it is black. Under
side of forewings golden yellow, with the discal mark purplish

193

black, as also are the courses of the nervules on the posterior
margin. Palpi yellow above, with blackish hairs beneath. Fore
coxa; blackish, with the exterior edge pale yellow. The fore and
middle tibije are blackish above, pale yellow beneath. Hind
tibise, yellow, banded with black. All the tarsi yellow, speckled
with black.

Exp. wings. 13 m.m.

1 6. Texas. (J. Boll.)
Type. Coll. B. Neumoegen.
^GERIA IMPROPRIA. n. sp.

Forewings bronze black, with the internal margin rather
broad, and enclosing an orange line. The intronervular marks of
the posterior margin are also orange, as are the edges of the discal
mark. Fringes of both wings, bronze black. Antennae steel
blue. Head and thorax brownish black, with the collar and narrow
lateral stripes, pale yellow. Abdomen with second and fourth
segments edged posteriorly with pale yellow. Caudal tuft, black
above, orange at the sides, black beneath, except the tip, which is
orange. Palpi yellow above, black beneath, tip also black. Legs
as in ^-Eg. perplexa.

Exp. wings. 15 m.m.

2 $ Marin Co. and Sier. Nev. Cal. (H. E.) 1 ? . Washington
Ter. (Morrison,)

Types Coll. Hy. Edwards. B. Neumoegen.
,yiEGERiA Sexfasciata. n. sp.

Forewings golden purple, darkest along the costa, the intro-
nervular spaces being bright gold. Fringes of both wings, golden
brown. Beneath, marked as on the upper side, but with the
costal and internal margins bright yellow. Head brownish, front
with silvery greenish scales. Antennae black. Thorax with col-
lar and rather broad lateral stripes, deep yellow. Abdomen with
all the segments except the fifth narrowly bordered posteriorly
with pale yellow. Caudal tuft, purplish black above, pale yellow
beneath, sides pale yellow. Palpi and anterior coxae pale yellow.
Tibiae, pale yellow, banded with purplish black.

Exp. wings. 20 m.m.

2 $ Texas. (J. Boll. Belfrage.)

Types Coll. Hy. Edwards, B. Neumoegen.

^GERIA CORUSCA. n. sp.
^ Allied to ^g. sexfasciata, but smaller and much brighter in
color. The forewings are purplish along the costa, coppery along
the course of the nervules, bright golden in the intronervular
spaces, and along the internal margin. The discal mark is also
bright golden. Abdominal margin of hind wings pale yellow,
the rest golden brown. Fringes of both wings brown. Beneath,
the yellow is pale, the markings being repeated in a less promi-
nent degree. Head brownish, with shining blue metallic scales

194

between the eyes. Antennas, purplish brown above, reddish be-
neath, especially at the base. Thorax purplish brown, with very
narrow lateral and basal lines of pale yellow. Abdomen purplish
brown, with a few scattered bluish scales, the first, second, third,
fourth and sixth segments very narrowly banded with pale yel-
low, the bands not extending beneath the abdomen. Caudal
tuft, purplish brown, a little yellow beneath. Palpi pale yellow,
terminal article, brownish. All portions of the legs pale yellow
beneath, purplish brown above, except at the joints, where they
are pale yellow.

Exp. wings. 14 m.m.

I $ . Texas. (Belfrage.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

yEGERiA Aureola, n. sp.

Color and size of ^Eg. uroccriforuiis, to which species it is
closely allied. Forewings purplish brown, along two-thirds of
costal margin. Discal mark also purplish brown, as are also the
courses of the nervules. The rest of the wing, bright golden
orange. Margin of hind wing, purplish brown, with orange line
at base of the fringe. Fringes of both wings golden brov/n.
Under side, lemon yellow, except the discal mark and the ends of
the nervules, which are purple brown. Head and antenna black,
the latter with basal joint, golden yellow. Thorax with lateral
and basal lines golden yellow. Abdomen with second, fourth,
and sixth segments broadly yellow behind. First has very narrow
line, third without band, and fifth with scattered yellow scales.
Caudal tuft golden yellow, black in centre. Palpi, fore coxae,
pectus, and legs golden yellow, the tibiae banded at their joints
with purplish black.

Exp. wings, 19 m.m.

I?. Nevada. (Morrison.)

Type. Coll. E. L. Graef.

s^^Egeria Consimilis. n. sp.

So closely allied to the European yEg. cepJiiforjiiis, Ochs. as
to be very difficult to distinguish them. The present species is
blackish brown, the posterior margins of forewings, with golden
reflection. The palpi are wholly golden yellow, except the ter-
minal joint, which is black. The base of the wings beneath, the
fore femora, the whole of the tibiae and tarsi inwardly are pale
golden yellow, as are also the abdomen beneath and the sides of
caudal tuft below. Outwardly, the middle and hind tarsi are
black, banded with golden yellow. The bands on abdomen are
five in number, very narrow, pale yellow.

Exp. wings, 20 m.m.

I $ Dorchester, Mass. (P. S. Sprague.)

Type. Coll. Boston Soc. Natl. History, No. 1345.

The chief difference between this species and y^g. cephifor-

195

viis is as follows : In the European species the palpi are black
at the sides, the abdomen black beneath, with the rings plainly-
shown, and the tarsi are wholly yellow, ringed with black, and
not as in the present form, yellow only inwardly.

The ? of ^g. consimilis is unknown to me.

/Egerea Hyperici. n. sp.

The nearest European ally to this species is ALg. icJineiunonu
forniis, S. V. The margins of the wings are all very narrow.
Costa and base of forewings, bronze brown. Internal margin,
and discal mark, reddish orange. Posterior margin, and margin
of hind wings, golden brown, with the fringes a little paler.
Wings beneath, same as on the upper side. Head, antennae, ex-
terior of palpi, thorax and abdomen black, all the segments of
the latter, above and below, narrowly bordered with lemon yel-
low. Interior of palpi, fore femora, and the whole of the tibiae
and tarsi golden yellow. The middle and hind femora are black,
and there are small spots of black on the tibiae, at the junction
of the spurs. Caudal tuft, alternately black and yellow.

Exp. wings, 24 m.m.

2 ? . West Virginia. T. L. Mead.

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

i^lGERIA EUPATORII. n. sp.

Head and antennae blackish brown, the latter obscurely
banded near the apex with sordid white. Thorax and abdomen
purplish brown, the former with a narrow line on the sides, and
the scutellum dull golden yellow. The segments of the abdomen
are narrowly bordered posteriorly with the same color, the bands
of the third and fifth being the least conspicuous. Caudal tuft
dull orange. Palpi whitish beneath, dull yellow above, with the
terminal article light brown. Anterior coxae and tibire dull yellow.
Middle and posterior coxae and tibiae, pale lead color with golden
tint. All the tarsi dull yellow, the posterior pair banded with
purplish brown near the joints. Fore wings golden brown, with
reddish orange scales, the opaque spaces varying in their width.
Fringes of both wings golden brown. Underside of fore wings
golden yellow along costal and interior margins, purplish brown
at posterior margins, marked with golden streaks.

Exp. wings, 23 m.m.

2 ? . Long Island, N.Y. In stems oi Eupatorium purpiireiun. L.

Mr. S. L. EUiot.

v^ ^GERIA InFIRMA, n. Sp.

Very delicate in appearance, with the margin of forewings
extremely narrow, straw yellow, the discal mark large, black, as
is also the posterior marginal patch. The hind wings have the
veins and margins remarkably fine. The color of thorax and
abdomen is the same as in ^g. eupatorii, but the abdominal
bands are narrower and fainter. The caudal tuft deep rich orange.

196

Otherwise as in ^g. eupatorii, of which species it may possibly
be the $ .

Exp. wings, 18 m.m.

I 5. Long Island, N. Y. (S.L.Elliot.)

Type. Coll. S. L. Elliot.

tEgeria IMITATA. n. sp.

Closely allied to ALg. eupatorii, but differing from it by hav-
ing the antennas very distinctly banded with clear white for the
apical half, the basal half being steel blue. The thorax has the
base ivJwlly pale yellow, the bands of the abdomen are wider than
in Aig. eupatorii, and the caudal tuft has the central portion brown,
while the tibiae are blackish, with purple reflection.

Exp. wings, 21 m.m.

I $. Pennsylvania.

Type. Coll. B. Neumoegen.
,/ ^Egeria Morula, n. sp.

Size and aspect of Ag. stelidiforniis, Frr. Fore wings with
the margins very broadly black, vitreous spaces sordid white.
Fringes of both wings, brownish black. Under side of forewings
sordid white, except discal mark, nervules, apex and posterior
margin, which are black. Antennas and legs wholly black, ex-
cept the underside of tarsi and the spurs, which are sordid white.
Palpi, narrow lateral stripes on thorax and three narrow bands on
abdomen sordid white. Caudal tuft black above, sordid white
beneath.

Exp. wings, 20 m.m.

I S. Texas. (J. Boll.)

Type. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

iEOERIA KOEBELEI. n. sp.

Purplish black, the posterior margins of fore wings with
slight golden reflection. The base of internal margin and of the
median nervule is very pale yellow. Margins of hind wings ex-
tremely delicate. Beneath, the fore wings are very pale yellow,
deeper at the posterior margin, and there shaded with gold and
purple. Head black on crown, with some pale golden metallic
scales in front. Orbits of the eyes white. Antennae black, with
rufous stain near the apex, only visible above. Thorax has col-
lar, front and sides clothed with scales of peculiar blue metallic
lustre. Abdomen similarly clothed, with second and fourth seg-
ments narrowly banded with very pale yellow, the band of fourth
segment reaching beneath the abdomen. Caudal tuft brassy
black, yellow beneath, and with fine yellow hairs at the sides.
Fore coxae white, as is also the pectus, the latter bordered by
pale blue metallic scales. Femora and tibiae yellow beneath,
marked with purple black at the joints above. Tarsi speckled
with black at the joints above, yellow beneath.

Exp. wings, 13 m.m.

197

I 3. Tallahassee, Florida. (A. Koebele.)

Type. Coll. H.y. Edwards.

I have dedicated this pretty species to its captor, who is one
of the most earnest and observant collectors in the United States.

^GERIA WASHINGTONIA. n. sp.

Deep black, the vitreous space behind discal mark being
nearly circular. The fore wings have very slight golden tinge,
produced by a few golden scales scattered along the posterior
margin. Abdominal margin of hind wings slightly yellowish, the
rest brownish black. Head and antennae black, the latter rusty
beneath. Thorax with short, narrow lateral line at base of
wings, no basal line. Abdomen with second segment very nar-
rowly, fourth broadly banded with yellowish white. Caudal
tuft black, pale orange at the sides. Palpi deep yellow within,
blackish without. Legs nearly all black, flecked with yellow
scales, the tibiae with the anterior portion banded with yellow.

Exp. wings, 19 m.m.

I S. Washington Terr. (Morrison.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

vEgeria Decipiens. n. sp.

Fore wings with the vitreous space beyond the cell unusually
large, leaving only a very narrow posterior margin. The costal
margin is brown, the discal mark orange, and the posterior mar-
gin golden, with the lines of the nervules blackish. Fringes of
both wings golden brown. The under side is golden yellow,
streaked by the nervules as above. Head and antennae black,
the latter dusky at the tip, and with a few yellow hairs at base.
Thorax brassy black, with no lateral, but rather broad basal line
divided in the centre. Abdomen brassy black, second segment
very narrowly, fourth broadly and sixth narrowly edged with pale
yellow. Between the bands are some pale blue metallic scales.
Caudal tuft hastate, black, pale yellow at the sides. Palpi black-
ish above and without, yellow within. Tibiae and tarsi golden
yellow, banded with black.

Exp. wings, 15 m.m.

I S. Colorado. (Morrison.)

Type. Coll. E. L. Graef.

^GERIA NEGLECTA. n. sp.

Fore wings nearly opaque, the usual vitreous spaces being
thinly clothed with scales. The discal mark is, however, ap-
parent, and is large and blackish. The ground color of the wings
is golden brown, with bright gold scales scattered over the surface.
Margins and fringes of both wings golden brown. Beneath, the
wings are golden yellow, with purplish lustre, flecked with brown
scales. Discal mark purplish. Fringes of both wings golden,
with brown ciliae mixed. Head and antennae brownish black.
Thorax with narrow lateral and basal pale yellow stripes. Ab-

198

domen with second and fourth segments narrowly banded pos-
teriorly with very pale yellow. Caudal tuft brownish, the tip
yellow beneath. Palpi, pectus, fore coxae, base of tibiae and tarsi
pale dull yellow. Femora brownish black. Tibiae broadly
banded with black at the joints. Tarsi speckled with black.

Exp. wings, 15 m.m.

I $. Olympia, Washington Ter. (H. E.) <' 7

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

^GERiA Imperfecta, n. sp.

Fore wings golden purple, the golden shades being chiefly
along the base of internal margin and the intronervular spaces.
The usual vitreous space behind the discal mark is here almost
obsolete, its position being covered with scales. Fringes golden
brown. Beneath, the wings have a most brilliant opalescent
tint, with the colors and markings of the upper side repeated.
Head and antennae dull black. Thorax with narrow basal, but
no lateral lines. Abdomen with first, second, third and sixth
segments very narrowly banded behind with pale yellow. The
fourth segment has a wide band, reaching beneath the abdomen,
which the others fail to do. Caudal tuft brassy black, yellow at
the sides. Palpi blackish beneath, yellow at the tips. Coxae
and femora blackish. Tibiae and tarsi yellow, the former banded
at the joints.

Exp. wings, 13 m.m.

1 $. Colorado. (Morrison.)
Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

^GERIA HEMIZONL-E n. sp. " it.A-''itt -

Fore wings rich golden brown with purplish reflection. All
the borders- are broad, leaving in consequence a small transparent
space. The veins of the posterior margin are distinctly black-
Discal mark purple black, orange posteriorly, with golden reflec.
tion. Hind wings with margins golden. Fringes of both wings
golden brown. Head black, with several shining pale blue scales
in front. Antennae dull black. Thorax with the collar, tegulae
and base lemon yellow. Abdomen with all the segments banded
posteriorly with deep lemon yellow, the bands on first and third
being the narrowest. Caudal tuft deep lemon yellow, with the
centre blackish. Beneath, the whole of the margins of the wings
are bright deep golden, the discal mark of fore wings reddish
orange. Palpi, fore coxae and tibiae lemon yellow, the latter
banded with brown at the junction of the tarsi. The abdomen
has all the segments beneath very narrowly banded posteriorly
with pale yellow.

Exp. wings, 18 m.m.

2 (J I ? . Nevada. Qvs. Hemisonia liizulifolia. D. C. (H. E.)
Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

^GERIA SENECIODES. n. sp.

Allied to the preceding species, but larger, with the internal

199

margin of forewings transparent below the submedian nervule,.
the transparent space reaching nearly to the base. The color of
the wings is reddish orange, without any of the purphsh tint of
y^g. hcinizonicv, and the caudal tuft is much wider, with the cen-
tre lemon yellow, sides blackish, and wholly lemon yellow beneath,
except the base, which is black. The abdomen beneath is very
broadly banded with yellow. The fore wings beneath have the
discal mark reddish orange and the posterior margins purplish
brown.

Exp. wings, 22 m.m.

I $. California. On Senecio Douglassii. D. C. (H. E.)

I $. Nevada. (H.K.Morrison.)

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards. F. Tepper.

^GERIA REFULGENS. n. sp.

Very bright golden brown. The fore wings very narrow,
costal edge brown. Discal mark brown in front, reddish orange
behind. Vitreous space small, linear. Fringes of both wings
golden brown. Beneath the wings are brighter than above, the
intronervular spaces being bright golden orange. Head and
antennae black. Thorax black, with very narrow golden yellow
streak at sides, and a broader one at the base. Abdomen black,
second, fourth and sixth segments banded behind with golden
yellow. Caudal tuft black, golden yellow at the sides. Palpi,
tibise, coxae and tarsi golden yellow, the tibiae black at the joints.

Exp. wings, 19 m.m.

I 5. Georgia. (Morrison.)

Type. Coll. F. Tepper.

^GERIA OpALESCENS. n. Sp.

Steel blue, the fore wings with the opaque spaces greenish
black, the vitreous spaces very opalescent, with a few silvery
scales. Hind wings with bright opalescent reflection. Fringes
of both wings purplish black. Beneath, the silvery scales of fore
wings are much more numerous, extending over the whole
vitreous surface. Head, palpi and antennae deep jet black.
Thorax concolorous with fore wings. Abdomen dark steel blue.
The whole of the under surface greenish black, the tibiae having
at their base a tuft of whitish hairs. Spurs whitish, speckled
with black.

Exp. wings, 28 m.m.

3 t . Virginia City, Nevada. (H. E.)

I ? . Colorado. (Morrison.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

^GERIA Novaroensis. Behrens. M. S.

^ . Head, palpi, collar, tegulae, large spot on disk of thorax
and one at base, rich orange red. Abdomen blue black, with six
orange red bands above, and wholly orange red beneath. Caudal
tuft wholly orange red. The tibiae and tarsi are the same rich

200

•color, ringed at the base with steel blue. Both wings opalescent,
the anterior pair with the costal margin narrowly, and the poster-
ior margin broadly, bluish black. Discal mark large, bluish black.
Antennae dull black.

? . Similar to the $ , but with the abdominal band rather nar-
rower, and the hind tibiae and tarsi dusky.
Exp. wings, 34 m.m.

I $ . Soda Springs, Siskiyou Co., Cal. J. Behrens.
I ?. Novaro, Mendocino Co., Cal. J. Behrens.
Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards.
yEGERIA GllAJE. n. sp.

Allied to the European y^g. asiliformis, Rott. The narrow
costal border of fore wings, the moderate posterior margin, and
the almost obsolete internal margin are golden brown, the discal
point at termination of cell (discal mark) reddish golden. The
narrow marginal border of hind wings, and fringes of both, golden
brown. Under side of fore wings bright yellow at base, and along
two-thirds of costal margin, where it gradually shades into golden
brown. Discal mark reddish orange. Hind wings also bright
yellow at base, and along half the costal edge, where the color
shades into golden brown. Fringes of both wings as on the upper
side. Antennae blackish brown. Palpi and pectus lemon yellow.
Tibse yellow, black posteriorly. Hind tarsi flecked with dusky.
Thorax bluish black on disk, with the sides narrowly lemon yel-
low. Abdomen with three distinct and rather broad bands of
lemon yellow, which are widened greatly on the under side, mak-
ing this nearly all yellow. Caudal tuft yellow, with a few black
hairs intermixed.

Exp. wings, 24 m.m.
I ? . Colorado. (Morrison.)
Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

This species differs from y^g. asiliforviis, Rott., in the
browner color, and the discal mark being concolorous with the
borders, while in y^g. asiliforviis, the latter are black, and the
discal mark fiery red, being thus thrown into strong contrast with
the other portions of the wing. The abdominal bands, too, in
asilifonnis are distinct, both above and below, while in gilicE they
are beneath almost joined into one yellow space, scarcely showing
the division of the segments.
^GERIA MIMULI. n. sp.

Allied to the previous species. Eore wings with the extreme
base black, and beyond this a longitudinal fiery reddish streak.
Costal and internal margins golden brown. Posterior margins much
paler, almost pure gold color. Discal mark, fiery reddish orange.
Hind wings with the narrow margin golden brown. Fringes of
both wings a little paler than the margins. Antennae, black above
and below, pale buff at the sides. Front, palpi, and pectus, cream
white. Femora bluish black. Tibire whitish in their centre, steel

20I

blue at both extremities. Tarsi a little deeper yellow, speckled
with black. Thorax and head black, the former with the collar,
sides and base very pale yellow. Abdomen with six very pale
yellow bands, the second and fourth being half the width of the
others. Caudal tuft composed of pale yellow and black hairs,
equally mixed.

Exp. wings, 22 m.m.

I S. Colorado. (Morrison.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

At first sight this species appears to be very close to ^g.
gilice^ but it has double the number of abdominal bands, and is a
paler insect, with the fore wings decidedly narrower.

tEgeria madari.^. n. sp.

Fore wings rich golden purple, with the golden shade most
apparent at the posterior margin. Vitreous space very small, re-
duced to a mere line before, and a minute circular spot behind
the discal mark, the latter space almost closed by the black ner-
vules. Margin of hind wings golden brown. Beneath, the fore
wings are golden, with purple brown costal streak, and the ner-
vules are also purple brown. The margin of hind wings are paler
than above. Palpi, fore and middle femora, and hind tarsi, pale
golden yellow. Antennae black. All the tibiae marked with black
at the junction of the spurs. Collar, sides of thorax, and poster-
ior margins of first, fourth and seventh segment of abdomen, pale
yellow. Abdomen purplish black on lower side. Caudal tuft,
pale yellow on the sides, black in centre.

Exp. wings, 15 m.m.

3 5 2 ? . On Madaria elegans Don. Saucelito, Calif. (H. E.)

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

^GERIA ALBICORNIS. n. sp.

Bronze black. Antennae with the apical third clear white.
The pectus and joints of the tibiae are also white.

Exp. wings, 18 m.m.

I $ . Nevada. (Morrison.)

Type. Coll. F. Tepper.

^GERIA PROXIMA. n. sp.

Allied to the last. Bronze black, but with the palpi, edges
of coxae, and the middle of caudal tuft, clear white. Tips of tarsi
clear white. Underside of fore wings pale yellow. Fringes
golden brown.

Exp. wings, 20 mm..

White Mts. N. H. (Morrison.)

Type, Coll. F. Tepper.

^GERIA INUSITATA. n. Sp.

Greenish brown throughout. Wings with all the margins
very narrow, giving the insect a most delicate appearance. Orbits
of the eyes, palpi beneath, collar, edges of fore coxae, joints of

202

tibae, and a narrow band on the fourth segment beneath, clear
white. The lower side of abdomen has also a steel blue reflection.

Exp. wings, 24 m.m.

White Mts. N. H. (Morrison.) Andover, Mass. (F. G. San-
born.)

Types. Coll. F. Tepper. Bost. Soc. Natural History.

yEGERIA NiCOTIAN.E. n. sp.

5. Forewings bright golden purple, the latter color pre-
dominating along the costal margin. Vitreous space, almost
linear, reaching nearly to the base of the wings, and closed pos-
teriorly by the fiery red discal mark. Fringes of both- wings,
light golden brown. The under side of wings golden, the margin
of the posterior pair the same color. Antennae and head black,
orbits of the eyes, clear white. Palpi golden yellow, darker
above. All the legs pale golden yellow, the tibiae banded with
steel blue. Thorax with anterior and posterior margins golden
yellow. Abdomen black, with narrow golden bands on second,
fourth and seventh segments, the middle one being the broadest.
Caudal tuft, black, golden yellow at the sides.

?. Similar to the 6 , but a little larger, and the reddish dis-
cal mark more apparent.

Exp. wings, S 11 m.m.; ? 14 m.m.

iS. I ? . Texas. (J. Boll.)

Types. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Pyrrhotaenia Polygon:, n. sp.

All the wings opaque. Greenish black, with metallic reflec-
tion. Basal half of internal margin of forewings, the basal two-
thirds of posterior pair, palpi, collar, sides of pectus, sides of
thorax, fourth and seventh segments of abdomen, and the sides
of abdominal segments bright fiery red. Caudal tuft red in the
centre, greenish black at the sides and beneath. Fore femora
fiery red, the rest greenish black. Tibiae deep orange, black at
the extremities. Tibial spurs, pale orange. Tarsi, greenish
black.

Exp. wings, 18 m.m.

6. San Miguel, Calif. (H. E.) On Polygonum mariti-
mum. L.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

One of the most beautiful and striking species of the whole
group.

Pyrrhotaenia Fragariae. n. sp.

S . Forewings opaque. Costal half and posterior margin,,
pale golden green. Interior margin for about two-thirds of its
distance, dark orange. Hind wings, vitreous in the centre, with
the margins, and small discal spot, dark orange. Under side of
wings, dark orange at base, golden brown on margin. Fringes,
golden brown. Head, thorax and abdomen, greenish brown.

203

Palpi, collar, sides of thorax, sides of abdomen, broadband across
sixth segment, and caudal tuft dark orange. Femora brown
black. Tibiae dark orange, black at their junction with the tarsi,
which are orange, clouded with black.

? . Similar to the $ , but a little larger.

Exp. wings. $ i8 m.m. ? 21 m.m.

\$ I?. Colorado. (Morrison.)

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Pyrrhotaenia Helianthi. n. sp.

Differs from P. fragarics, in having the forewings nearly
wholly golden green, with the exception of a narrow stripe of
•dark orange, from base about half way along the internal margin.
The vitreous space on lower wings is exceedingly small, the wing
being almost covered with scales.

Exp. wings, 17 m.m.

1$. I?. Virginia City, Nevada. (H. E.) On Helian-
tJnis, sp.

Types. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Closely allied to the preceding, of which it may be an ex-
treme variety.

Pyrrhotaenia Achillae. n. sp.

Golden green, with metallic reflection. Very narrow line on
sides of thorax, and a narrow basal line along internal margin of
forewings, orange red. Under side of palpi, sides of pectus, and
under side of caudal tuft dull orange red. Fringes of both wings,
head, and antennae, dull black,

Exp. wings, 15 m.m.

I ^. San Rafael, Califor. (H. E.) On Achillea millefolia. L.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards. ^/^^y^rV^^-^"

Pyrrhotaenia Tepperi. n. sp.

Forewings bronzed black, a little purplish on posterior mar-
gin. Hind wings with costa pale orange. Fringes of both
wings, purplish black. Beneath, both wings are orange at the
base, with the vitreous space opalescent. Antennae and front of
head, dull black. Crown of head, whole of thorax, two basal
segments of abdomen, under side of abdomen, caudal tuft, palpi,
pectus, and coxae bright deep orange. Tibiae pale orange within,
purplish black without. Tarsi purplish black, mottled with
orange.

Exp. wings, 23 m.m.

I $ . Georgia, (Morrison.)

Type. Coll. F. Tapper, to whom I regardfully dedicate this
exquisite species.

Pyrrhotaenia Eremocarpi. n. sp.

Steel blue. Base of forewings, narrow stripe on sides of
thorax, palpi beneath, and sides of pectus, fiery red. Caudal tuft
also fiery red, with the sides steel blue. Fringes, golden brown.

204

Exp. wings, 20 m.m.

I S • Sier. Nevada, Calif. (T. L. Mead.)

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Pyrrhotaenia Meadii. n. sp.

Greenish black, with metallic reflection. Base of forewings
half way along internal margin, base of hind wings half way
along abdominal margin, and the basal half of both wings be-
neath, fiery red. Palpi beneath, sides of pectus, fourth, sixth,
seventh abdominal segments, middle and under side of caudal
tuft, also bright fiery red. Femora and tarsi greenish black.
Tibiae dark orange, greenish black at both the extremities.

Exp. wings, 20 m.m,

3 S . Lake Tahoe, Califor. (T, L, Mead.)

Types. Coll, Hy, Edwards,

Two of these examples have a much more greenish hue than
the other, and one of them has a small vitreous dash on the fore-
wings, I do not, however, regard them as specifically distinct.
I have dedicated the species to my friend, Mr, Mead, who has
so frequently added rare species to my collection.

Pyrrhotaenia Orthocarpi. n. sp.

Nearly allied to P. Meadii. The forewings, however, are
rather pale sage-green, reddish orange at their base, and for half
way along the internal margin. The linear space vitreous before
the cell in P. Meadii is here filled in with shining silvery scales, as
is also the small space behind the cell. Held opposite to the
light, these spaces appear to be transparent, but viewed obliquely
they are quite opaque. The hind wings have their base, and
about one-half their abdominal margin stained with reddish
orange, the rest of the margin, golden brown. Antennae blacky
palpi dark orange, with the terminal joint, black. Fore femora
dusky orange. Middle and hind femora, and fore tibiae and tarsi
dusky. Middle and hind tibiae and tarsi orange, the former
banded with black at the base of the spurs. Thorax and abdo-
men golden green, the former with the sides reddish orange.
The abdomen has the fifth and anal segments broadly reddish
orange above, the whole of the segments beneath being bordered
posteriorly with the same color. Caudal tuft, reddish orange^
greenish black at the sides.

Exp, wings, 20 m.m,

1$ . I ? . On Orthocarpiis luteus. Nutt, Washoe Lake,
Nevada, (H, E.)

Types Coll, Hy. Edwards.

Pyrrhotaenia Texana. n. sp.

Fore wings dark bronze-green, yellowish at base, along inter-
nal margin, and with a sub-linear vitreous space not reaching to
the base of the wing, Discal mark black. Beyond this an
orange patch, composed of three streaks, following the course of

205

nervules. Margins of hind wings, purplish black. Beneath, the
marks of the upper side are repeated, except that the base of the
forewings is a little more orange-yellow. Antennae and head
black. Palpi and collar bright orange. Fore femora and tibiae
black, edged with orange. Hind tibiae, bright bluish black,
orange at the joints. Hind tarsi, black above, orange below.
Abdomen with second, fourth and seventh segments, bordered
posteriorly with fiery red. Beneath, the three anal segments are
banded with orange red. Caudal tuft, greenish black.

Exp. wings, 20 m.m.

2?. Texas. (J. Boll.)

Type. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

ZENODOXUS HEUCHER/E. n. sp.

5: . Wings all golden bronze, blackish at their base, and with
some golden scales in centre of anterior pair. Beneath they are
golden yellow. Palpi pale yellow, terminal joint black. Head
and thorax golden brown, collar pale yellow. Abdomen with
second, fourth, sixth and seventh segments very broadly pale yel-
low, the intermediate segments sparsely covered with yellow hairs.
Under side of abdomen blackish. Caudal tuft brownish black.
Femora blackish. Tibise and tarsi alternately ringed with black
and pale yellow.

$ . Smaller than the ? , with the abdominal rings a little
narrower.

Exp. wings, $ 13 m.m. ? 18 m.m.

6$ 2 $. H. E. On flowers of Heuchera rubcscens Torr.
Lake Tahoe, Calif.

Zenodoxus Potentill^. n. sp.

In this form the wings are wholly bronze brown, darker than
in the preceding species, with a fiery red reflection, and beneath
the basal two-thirds of wing is wholly fiery red. Antennae dark
yellow. Tibiae and tarsi are fiery red, banded with black. The
bands on the abdomen are a little darker yellow, but in other re-
spects it resembles the previous species.

Exp. wings, 18 m.m.

\ $,. 2 $. Lake Tahoe, Cal. San Rafael, Cal. (H. E.)
With Z. JicuchercE.

Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Zenodoxus Canescens. n. sp.

The general color of this very curious species is heavy gray.
The fore wings are quite opaque, ash grey, flecked with a few
black scales. Hind wings vitreous in their central portion, nar-
rowly opaque along costal and abdominal margins, ash grey.
Under side of wings same as above, with a few black dashes in
centre of primaries. Antennae, palpi, thorax, abdomen and legs
wholly ash grey, with a few black speckles irregularly placed.

Exp. wings, 21 m.m.

2 ? . Colorado. (C. V. Riley.)

206

North American Species of yEcERiD.F: described by
Francis Walker, F. L. S. Extracted from Catal.
Lepid. Heterocera, B. Museum. Ft. 8.

*' ^GERIA PLECI/EFORMIS.

" Male. Black. Head with whitish hairs behind. Palpi
pale yellow, somewhat .shorter than those of S. ^striforme.
Antennre bluish black, slightly pectinated. Thorax with a yel-
low stripe on each side. Hind borders of the abdominal seg-
ments yellow. Legs luteous ; femora black ; tibije with black
stripes. Wings limpid. Fore wings purplish black along the
costa and at the tips, and with the usual band of the same hue.
Length of the body 5 lines, of the wings 10 lines.

" Nova Scotia. From Lieut. Redman's collection.

"yF^GERiA Pyramidalis. Bamstou, M. S. S.

'^ Male. Black. Head with yellow hairs about the eyes.
Palpi yellow beneath ; third joint elongate-conical, much less than
half the length of the second. Antennae rather stout, almost fil-
iform, slightly pectinated, ferruginous beneath, very much longer
than the thorax. Thorax with two yellow spots on each side,
one at the base of the fore wing and one in front. Abdominal
segments with yellow bands, which are broadest and most dis-
tinct beneath. Legs with whitish stripes. Wings limpid, with
blackish cupreous ciliae. Fore wings blackish cupreous along the
costa and at the tips, and with a blackish cupreous band, which
is slightly bordered with red ; a red line along the hind border.
Length of the body, S^"^ lines; of the wings, 9-10 lines.

" St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Dr.
Barnston."

" yECERIA OdYNERIPENNIS.

" Female. Dark brown, slightly cupreous. Head whitish
about the eyes. Palpi yellow, obliquely ascending, not long.
Antennae bluish black, simple, subfiliform, rather stout, very lit-
tle longer than the thorax. Thorax with three yellow spots on
each side. Abdomen with a yellow band on the hind border of
each segment. Legs yellow ; femora striped with brown. Wings
limpid, with cupreous cilice Fore wings cupreous along the
costa and at the tips, and with the usual band of the same hue.
Length of the body, 5)^-6^ lines; of the wings, 11-13 lines.

" Nova Scotia. 4 examp. E. Doubleday and Lieut. Red-
man."

" tEgeria Emphvtiformis.

" Male. Purplish black. Head with white hairs in front.
Palpi thickly clothed beneath with rather long brown and tawny
hairs. Antennee ferruginous. Thorax with a yellow band in
front and with a yellow spot at the base of each fore wing, and
one at the tip of the scutellum. Abdomen with a yellow band
on each segment ; apical tuft black, with a few yellow hairs.

207

Legs red, partly yellow ; femora black ; tibia; with black stripes.
Wings purplish cupreous. Fore wings yellow and partly red in
the disk, which is interrupted by the usual band. Hind wings
slightly streaked with red, limpid toward the base. Length of
the body, 5 lines; of the wings, 10 lines. Female. Head yellow
in front and along the hind border. Palpi yellow, clothed be-
neath with reddish hairs. Antennse red, blackish toward the
tips. Apical tuft of the abdomen luteous, with a few black hairs
on each side. Tibiae wholly red. Fore wings with red disks.
Hind wings mostly red along the borders.

" In this species and in AL. Odyneripennis the antennae of
the male are more deeply pectinated than in the European
species of the group Bevibecia.

" United States. . E. Doubleday."

"^GERIA HyLOTOMIFORMIS.

" Female. Dark ferruginous. Head with yellowish white
hairs behind and in front, and about the eyes. Palpi pale yellow.
Antennae blackish at the tips. Thorax with a pale yellow tuft
at the base of each wing. Abdomen with a testaceous band on
each segment. Legs brown ; fore coxae testaceous beneath ;'
tibiae with a testaceous band ; spurs and tarsi testaceous. Wings
limpid, with purplish cupreous ciliae. Fore wings with the bor-
ders and the usual band of the same hue. Hind wings with a
purplish cupreous streak across the tip of the discal areolet,
which character distinguishes this species from ^. Odyneriformis.
Length of the body, 6 lines ; of the wings, 12 lines.

" Nova Scotia. Lieut. Redman."

" yEGERIA PyRALIDIFORMIS.

" Female. Cupreous brown. Head with yellow hairs about
the eyes. Palpi yellow, slender. Antennae slender, subclavate,
very much longer than the thorax. Pectus with a yellow stripe
on each side. Abdomen with a yellow band at the middle of its
length. Hind tibiae mostly yellow ; hind tarsi whitish. Fore
wings cupreous brown, with a yellowish basal streak on the under
side. Hind wings limpid, with cupreous brown ciliae. Length
of the body, 4 lines ; of the wings, 8 lines.

" United States. E. Doubleday."

" ^GERIA Sapyg^fORMIS. (Group Conopia.)

'^ Male. Bluish black. Head with red hairs behind. Palpi
red, black above toward the base. Antennae serrated and pubes-
cent beneath, very much shorter than those of the European
Conopiae. Abdomen with a slight red band at the base ; seg-
ments from the fifth to the eighth red ; apical tuft blue. An-
terior tibiae tawny ; hind tibiae with red tips ; tarsi mostly tes-
taceous. Wings with cupreous ciliae. Fore wings blue, purple
toward the tips, with a red discal streak, behind which there is a
limpid streak. Hind wings limpid. Length of the body, 4 lines ;
of the wings, 8 lines.

208

" This species differs much from the typical form of Conopia,
and somewhat approaches Pyropteron.

" United States. E. Doubleday."

"^GERIA GeLIFORMIS.

" Ma/e. Black. Head white on each side in front. Palpi
almost bare ; third joint lanceolate, rather less than half the
length of the second. Antennae bluish black, simple, ferruginous
beneath and slightly thicker toward the tips, about twice the
length of the thorax. Abdomen red, black at the base ; apical
tuft bluish black, red toward the base. Fore wings bluish black.
Hind wings limpid, with blackish tips and hind borders. Length
of the body, 3 lines ; of the wings, 6 lines.

" United States. E. Doubleday."

Note. The species here inserted from Walker's descriptions
will appear in the monograph in their proper position.

PAPILIO.

Prgan of tl^e |few Jork pntomological piub.

Vol. 1.] December, 1881. [No. 11.

ON CERTAIN HABITS OF HELICONIA CHARITONIA,

LINN., A SPECIES OF BUTTERFLY FOUND IN

FLORIDA.

By W. H. Edwards.
In part read before the Ent. Sub-Section of the Am. Assn., at Cinn., August i8, 1881.

In Wallace's Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selec-
tion, London, 1870, page JJ, we read: "There is in South
America an extensive family of these insects, the Heliconidae,
which are in many respects remarkable. They are so abundant
and characteristic in all the woody portions of the American
tropics, that in almost every locality they will be seen more fre-
quently than other butterflies. They are exceedingly beautiful
and varied in their colors, spots and patches of yellow, red, or
pure white, upon a black, blue or brown ground being most gen-
eral.

They frequent the forests chiefly, and all fly slowly and
weakly. Yet, although they are all so conspicuous and could
certainly be caught by insectivorous birds more easily than almost
any other insect, their great abundance all over the wide region
they inhabit shows that they are not persecuted.

It is to be especially remarked also that they possess no
adaptive coloring to protect them during repose, for the under
side of their wings presents the same, or at least, an equally con-
spicuous coloring as the upper side, and they may be observed
after sunset suspended at the ends of twigs and leaves, where
they have taken up their station for the night, fully exposed to
the attacks of enemies, if they have any.

These beautiful insects possess, however, a strong, pungent,
semi-aromatic or medicinal odor, which seems to pervade all the

2IO

juices of their system. When the entomologist squeezes the
breast of one of them between his fingers to kill it, a yellow liq-
uid exudes, which stains the skin, and the smell of which can only
be got rid of by time and repeated washings. Here we have,
probably, the cause of their immunity from attack, since there is
a great deal of evidence to show that certain insects are so dis-
gusting to birds that they will under no circumstances touch them."

Mr. Belt, in "Naturalist in Nicaragua," p. 316, relates, that
when in Brazil he watched a pair of birds catching butterflies and
dragon flies, which they brought to their nest to feed their young,
and in no case did they catch one of the Heliconidae, which were
in great numbers about, and could have been caught with less
trouble than any others. Also, that a tame monkey, who was
extremely fond of insects, and would greedily munch up any beetle
or butterfly given to him, never would eat a Heliconian. There
was no doubt from his actions that they were distasteful to him.

H. CJiaritonia is common in parts of southern Florida, and I
am in possession of facts as to its habits through a correspond-
ent. Dr. Wm. Wittfeld, a physician, resident at Georgiana, Indian
River.

The eggs are laid on the tenderest terminal leaves of passion-
vine. The caterpillars are conspicuous in color, being in the
middle stages greenish white, and in the last stage dead white,
like porcelain. They are furnished with long black spines, on the
vertices of head as well as on body.

The chrysalis is a singular and remarkably pretty object.
From the top of the head case proceed two long foliaceous diverg-
ent processes, and on the dorsal side of abdomen are broad and
thin processes tipped with sharp thorns. The color is brown in
shades, with some yellowish, and with burnished gold spots.

The butterflies live in the forest and fly along the paths, but
they come into the open in the heat of the morning and return
towards night, finding roosting places on Spanish moss and on
dead twigs or branches, especially such as have dry leaves still
hanging. Here they collect up to the number of seventy or even
more.

The caterpillars, after third moult, at which time they be-
come quite conspicuous in color, conceal themselves during the
day.

Nothing appears to have been published of the preparatory
stages of CJiaritojiia, although it is a common species in Mexico,
Central America, and some of the West India Islands. I deem my-
self fortunate, therefore, in having secured drawings of every stage
for a plate in the " Butterflies of N. A." I have received young
caterpillars, at Coalburgh, sent through the mails by my friend,
and have raised them to chrysalis and imago.

Dr. Wittfeld, some time ago, called my attention to a strange
habit of these butterflies, as follows : " On May 28th, I observed

211

three CJiaritonias on a chrysalis of same species in the woods*
They were firmly attached, and on trying to drive them off they
would not go. I tried repeatedly, and finally used force. But
after flying around a few times they took up their former position,
heads down.

The next day the same thing occurred, only I noticed that
one butterfly at a time would leave to feed ; force was again
used, with the same result as before. The following day, shortly
after dawn, only a trifle of empty shell remained.

This observation prompted me to raise another chrysalis,
which I suspended in a flowering shrub, which Charitonia fre-
quented, June 27. Soon some butterflies came and touched the
chrysalis, but its wriggling seemed to cause them to move off.
Two days before the imago was due, they attached themselves
again, two or three at a time, and would only yield to force, al-
ways returning. On the third day, at daybreak, only a trifling
bit of the empty shell was left, and the butterflies were all gone."
Dr. Wittfeld adds, " Did they come to protect the chrysalis or
to assist the butterfly to come forth, or was there anything of
sexual desire?"

I replied to this, asking how the butterflies attached them-
selves. Did they actually rest on the chrysalis, holding on by the
legs? Also, was I to understand by bits of empty shells remaining
that the imagos had come from the two chrysalids? I sug-
gested, if this last was not what he meant, that, perhaps, the
butterflies had discovered that the chrysalids were dead and decay-
ing and came to seek the fluids as they come to carrion.

On this Dr. Wittfeld again writes: " In each case the butter-
fly emerged from the chrysalis. The chrysalis looked natural but
was growing darker, and the day before the emerging, the com-
ing live insect could, to some extent, be distinguished. There
was nothing dead or decayed or partly eaten about it. All the
legs of the guarding butterflies had firm hold of the chrysalis, and
it required a little effort to remove them with the fingers. They
sat firmly, not lightly upon it. To frighten them off did no good,
it required force to remove them. After having been picked ofT
they did not stay long away, but flying around a few times, (I
having removed to some distance), returned to the chrysalis and
attached themselves to it just as they had done before."

This is explicit. May there not be here a case of intelligent
protection of the unborn butterfly by other individuals of its
species? The butterflies themselves are protected, as we read,
by their obnoxious smell and taste, or both, from birds, lizards
and other animals, and the chrysalis might be just as obnoxious
after it was seized. But its color or appearance would not be
sufficiently well known for its protection, and at the time when it
was least able to take care of itself. To be sure, the chrysalis
may, in a measure, protect itself by wriggling about, and by the

212

squeaking noise which we read in books the chrysaHds of the
Heliconidae make when alarmed, and which Dr. Wittfeld informs,
me he had noticed in the case of CJiaritonia. But when the pupa-
case was softening, and the immature imago was in condition to
receive injury by any rough attack, apparently the friendly neigh-
bors gather about it and cover it unceasingly till the danger is
past, and the butterfly emerges.

The foregoing recital led to some discussion by members of the
sub-section, and it seemed to be rather the prevailing opinion that
the immediate cause of the gathering of the butterflies about and
on the chrysalis must be sexual. Much was said about the at-
traction of males of the Saturnidae by the females, but this is
excited by the females at large, not encased in pupa. It was
doubted by some members if any odor could emanate from the
imago of a moth in pupa, or of a butterfly in chrysalis, hermet-
ically sealed up, as it were. Further observations were desirable.

After returning home from Cincinnati, I wrote Dr. Wittfeld,
urging him to try again, and especially to ascertain whether the
free butterflies and the imago in the chrysalis were always of op-
posite sexes or not, and whether females were attracted to a
chrysalis in any case. I have his further report, as follows ;

" With regard to the chrysalis found May 28, of which I
wrote you, I add, that there was found by me on the ground, on
the morning the butterfly emerged, a female with wings but.
partly expanded, yet paired with a perfect male. Also, when I
discovered that the butterfly had come from the second chrysalis,
that of June 27, I found a similarly undeveloped female on the
ground near by, paired with a free male. I lifted both and placed
them on a twig. The male flew off in course of two hours, but
the female remained, though a cripple and unable to move.*

"After receiving your letter, for a long time I could obtain
neither eggs nor caterpillars of CJiaritonia, but at last, near the
end of September, I hung out a chrysalis. A heavy rain storm set-
ting in, no butterflies were flying that evening, and next day, six
A. M., I found the empty shell of the chrysalis and imago.
On Oct I, I suspended another chrysalis. Soon a number of
of butterflies appeared, flying around and touching it. None
however attached themselves to it as in previous observations. I
caught one after another of these butterflies, as they came, and
put them in a bag. About eleven o'clock, the imago came from
the chrysalis, and as it clung to the empty shell, an occasional free
butterfly would alight by it or fly about it. On examination this
imago proved to be a male, and so did the captured butterflies.

At the same time another chrysalis was suspended, and be-
gan to change color, October 4, early in [the aiternoon. Soon

* As Dr. Wittfeld had not mentioned these lacts in his first accounts, I conclude that
he did not then understand the relation between these crippled females and the imagos in
the chrysalids, as he afterward learned to.

213

male butterflies appeared, took hold of the chrysalis, as before,
but were easily frightened away.

By six o'clock, same afternoon, the color had changed, and
males came freely, attached themselves firmly, and would not let
go, in fact, were utterly regardless of their safety. When picked
ofifthey would fly around and return at once. Two males re-
mained all night. Before daybreak next morning, I was at my
post, and there found the two males, opposite one another, head
down, abdomen curved toward the abdominal end of the chry-
salis, both apparently exercising a pressure. Lighted matches
held near them would not drive them off, shaking the twig did
not loosen their hold, only picking them off bodily separated
them from the chrysalis. The latter was now almost black, and
momentarily I expected the shell to burst. This happened, but
the break was not at the usual place. Owing probably to the
pressure or weight of the butterflies the shell burst at the abdom-
inal end, and instayitly one of the males made connection ivitJi the
female imago, while the head and thorax of the latter were still en-
closed in the sJiell. After about ten minutes, I determined to free
the new insect, which was accomplished by a slight pressure on the
shell, and I then removed the pair and suspended them, to a leaf-
stem. The wings of the female immediately began to expand,
but they did not fully develop. Without my aid, the imago
would not have been able to extricate itself from the shell, al-
though copulation had been affected.

I suspended another chrysalis, well discolored, under same
conditions, October 7, in the morning. Males flocked around
the chrysalis, circled about a few times, approached closely
and then flew off again, none having alighted or actually touched
the chrysalis. This went on for an hour, when a male emerged.
The butterflies were mostly caught and all proved to be males.

October 17, another chrysalis was suspended^under same con-
ditions as the last mentioned. Males appeared, etc. Behavior
just as before; none touching. The imago proved to be a male.

It seems to me that the sexual odor is but faintly developed
when first discoloration takes place, and hence the chrysalis draws
the males but little, but as the color changes the odor developes
rapidly, so that males flock to the chrysalis from different direc-
tions."

On November i, Dr. Wittfeld again writes, " To-day I made
another corroborative observation on Heliconia chrysalis. At
eight A. M. , 2 (5 (5 attached themselves to female chrysalis, and
acted as before reported. Four more males had appeared by nine
o'clock, took hold as best they could, and the six made quite a
bunch. Soon after others came, but had to be content with fly-
ing in close proximity, as there was no more holding room. At
ten o'clock, I freed the female from the crowd, and found the ab-
■domen exposed, but head and thorax still in the shell. I observed

214

that the abdomen was torn so that the contents were somewhat,
protruding.* I carried her to the house, allowed her to suspend
from a branch, and being now out of the shell, the wings soon
grew, and in another hour or so, the wound was healed or dried,
and the insect flew off.

Though I have seen many Agraulis Vanilla; copulating, I
don't remember of ever having seen H. Charitonia do the same
at large. This prompts me to propose the following question;:
does this species ever pair in the ordinary way, after both sexes
are fully developed, or do the males hunt the females while still
in chrysalis? My late observations have brought me into all
sorts of places, chiefly where passion-vine runs over dense
bushes. There I have made frequent captures and have found
all taken to be males. I believe the males were in search of a
chrysalis. The females are mostly flying where the leafy parts of
the vine are, while the males are where the chrysalis would be
likely to be found, some distance off or below."

Dr. Wittfeld's admirable observations settle this; that in H.
Charitonia the males are able, by some means, to distinguish the
presence of a female in chrysalis, from the time when discoloration
of the shell commences, that the attraction becomes stronger as
the imago nears its emergence, that the females show no such at-
traction toward a male in chrysalis, and that males do not attract
males. Incidentally, the female chrysalids would seem to be
thoroughly protected against birds and other animals, but the
protection, apparently, is purchased at a dear rate, if the female
insect is liable to bodily injury or to be left crippled in wing.
The last question propounded by Dr. Wittfeld, no doubt, he will
in time be able to answer.

As I have elsewhere stated (Can. Ent. xiii, p. 208) it is not
unusual to find female butterflies so lately out of chrysalis that
the wings are at least limp, coupled with perfectly developed
males, but I have not myself observed a case where the connec-
tion took place the instant the female broke from its shell, or
before the wings were expanded. Certainly I have never known
of male butterflies watching the advent of a female one moment,
much more, for hours and days, and do not remember ever to
have read of such an occurrence. f

November 11, 1881, discovered two chrysalids of CJiaritotiia
on the same plant, about two inches apart, but as much as two
feet from the nearest passion vine. No. i was not discolored,
No. 2 was a little discolored. To each chrysalis two males were
attached. They would let go when touched, those on No. 2
hesitating a little ; however, they all would return at once. On
both chrysalids I noticed that the bodies of the males were bent

* I take it that copulation had been effected and that the torn appearance was caused'
by the forcible removal of the male. W. H. E.

t Note— Afier the foregoing pages were sent to the printer, I received from Dr. Witt-
feld a statement of further observation, as follows :

2^5

up, that is, off from the chrysaHs, and the pressure excited in
former observations was not yet appHed by the males. Appar-
ently the males simply kept hold so as to be on hand when things
developed.

Nov. 12, No. I is forsaken. To No. 2 four or five males
cling, head down, bodies still bent up. They leave only to feed.

Nov. 13, No. I still forsaken, but in course of the day males
flocked to it, their bodies still bent up. Were frightened away
readily.

Nov. 14, No. I had all the attention of the males, while
No. 2 remained forsaken, the bodies now touching the chrysalis,
but almost midway of the abdomen of the pupa, not at the ex-
tremity.

Later. Two males had taken firm hold, as in previous obser
vations, touching at the end of abdomen of pupa ; would not let
go, but had to be picked off.

Later. I found a pair in copulation on the ground. Now I
examined No. 2 and found the imago nearly developed, but dead,
and this explains why the chrysalis was forsaken.

During this observation I noticed that the males would alight
on the chrysalis as they do on flowers, then wheel around quickly,
head down, body up.

Nov. 14. My attention was attracted by a flock of six
or eight CJiaritonia butterflies on the edge of woods, flying around
an object which, on inspection, I found to be a chrysalis.

SOME REMARKS UPON THE CATOCAL^, IN REPLY
TO MR. A. R. GROTE.

By Geo. D. Hulst.

I notice in No. 9, Vol. L of " Papilio," some strictures by
Mr. A. R. Grote upon myself and an article written by me upon'
the Catocalae of the U. b., and published by me in the Bulletin
of the Brooklyn Ento. Soc, Nos. i and 2, Vol. IH.

Following Mr. Grote in his remarks upon the article, I reply
as follows :

It is substantially charged that in the article I was but the
mouthpiece of Mr. Strecker ; that he was the author or inspira-
tion of the determinations made. I am able to prove by Mr.
Strecker's letters to me at the time that he was not the suggester
or inspirer of the article, nor the author of its ideas ; and, more-
over, that in one way or another he did not agree with me in my
determination concerning the following Catocal^ : BelfragianUy
Alabamcs, praeclara, Atarak, abreviatella, Whitncyi, illecta, Bun-
ker i, Snowiana, perplexa, Meskci, vidua, Sappho, residua, An-
gusi and Mariana — 16 in all. He consequently did not so nearly
agree with me as did Mr. Grote.

In giving my judgment upon the names in dispute between
Messrs. Strecker and Grote, I decided upon the following evi-

2l6

dence. While these gentlemen are principals in interest in this
matter, they are not principals in evidence. Priority in names is
based upon priority of publication. I accepted against Mr.
Strecker, Mr. Grote's admission that Part XL of Mr. Strecker's work
was distributed Nov. lo, 1874. Had there been any necessity I
would have demanded evidence from the publisher Mr. Strecker
employed. Mr. Grote's descriptions were published by the
American Ento. Soc, of Philadelphia, through Mr. Chas. A.
Blake, its curator. Mr. Strecker, hearing I was about to publish
the catalogue, wrote me a long article founded on letters received
by him at the time from Mr. Blake, showing from these letters
that Mr. Grote's names were not published in any way before
Nov. 10. I told him, by letter, I would not receive that as evi-
dence, unless Mr. Blake gave it his personal endorsement, and
thus, as the agent of the Society, gave its declaration as to the
time of publication. The papers were taken to Mr. Blake, and
he, on the back of Mr. Strecker's argument, wrote as follows:
" After going over all the data and correspondence between Mr.
Strecker and myself, and carefully comparing dates from my own
postal cards and letters to him in regard to the time proofs were
sent to him (Mr. Strecker), it appears that Mr. Grote could not
have received his " author's proofs " of his paper bearing date Sep-
tember, 1874, till after November 10, 1874, as there was no final
corrected proof issued on that date yet. The matter on the
other side of this, I find after going over carefully with the data
at hand, is perfectly correct, so that if you want to use the name
of Strecker after the species of Catocalae in dispute, do so.

Chas. A. Blake."
After my article was published, Mr. Hy. Edwards found
some letters written him by Mr. Strecker at the time, which
showed that Mr. Strecker's descriptions were not as yet written
early in October, 1874. Of the existence of the letters neither
Mr. Grote nor myself knew at the date of my publication. But
from them it becomes certain that Mr. Strecker ante-dated Part
XI of his work ; and the two gentlemen in Brooklyn who told
me they saw his proof sheets in August, were mistaken. These
gentlemen are persons whose word any one would have taken
without dissent. I told Mr. Grote I would publish the fact of
Mr. Strecker's ante-dating, but he demanded that with that I
should say the species were his, which, of course, I could not. I
offered to publish the fact in the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Ento.
Soc. ; but as the fact did not affect the priority, the editor re-
fused to allow it as it might tend to create confusion. Mr. Grote
undoubtedly had his names first in MSS. Mr. Strecker undoubt-
edly had his first published. The date — September, 1874 — on
Mr. Grote's paper is the time it was received by the American
Ento. Soc, and perhaps went to the printer — but the printer was
slow, and^Mr. Strecker got ahead in the race. When Mr. Hy.
Edwards, acting as the advocate of Mr. Grote, came with his let-

217

ters to a meeting of the Brooklyn Ento. Soc, (this was after my
catalogue was printed) to show me how unfounded was Mr.
Strecker's claim, 1 showed him my evidence, which astonished
him. I asked him whether with the evidence I could have de-
cided otherwise, and he answered, emphatically, " No." I am
aware Mr. Edwards yet gives the names to Mr. Grote, but he does
it on the basis that probably Mr, Grote's proof sheets were first
run off, and anything printed, though uncorrected and undis-
tributed, is publication. I do not look at publication in that
light, and decide otherwise.

I do not prefer the name Aincstris to the name Anna.
Any one looking in Staudinger's Catalogue at the names of the
Catocala; of the European fauna, and over a catalogue of the
names of our own species, will see that the names run almost uni-
versally in certain lines. " Levettei^' though from the name of a
gentleman of worth and ability, is not in either of those lines of
names. And that name is the only one I referred to when I said
Mr. Grote's names were not all Catocaline, as Mr, Grote knew
when he wrote. Furthermore, Aincstris was not named in honor
of Swinburne's heroine, any more than Mr. Grote's Anna was
named in honor of the prophetess of that name.

Concerning the position and specific worth of many so-called
;^pecies, each student has a right to his own opinion, I followed
in the catalogue the definitions laid down by me in the introduc-
tion, and in so doing followed Drs. Le Conte and Horn in the
Coleoptera, Dr. Staudinger, in his catalogue of the European
fauna, and Dr. Packard in his Geometrid Moths of N. A. And,
-while in some respects my opinion has changed, in the main I
see no reason to doubt the substantial correctness of my catalogue,
Mr. Grote says, " it was a happy stroke and worthy of the
disciple of Mr. Strecker to refer semirelicta as a van of nnijuga
and remove /^/r^ to some distance as a distinct species." If Mr.
Grote will refer to the catalogue he will see semirelicta is a van
o{ Briscis, not of xmijuga. In the determination of semirelicta I
had the advantage of both the literature and type of the species
and am not in the minority in my judgment of its specific value.
I put Beaniana where, from the " literature on the subject," I
thought it ought to belong, zxi^ pura is next. If Beafiiana is not
in its proper place, pura certainly is, unless, as 1 think now, it
ought to be put before Briseis rather than after,

Calebs is a good species. Mr, Strecker was responsible for
the catalogue determination as was stated in the catalogue, and it
is the only thing for which he was responsible. It is true, how-
ever, he still says, that he was misled by dark specimens of Badia
identified by Mr. Grote as Coelebs. Mr. Grote, if such gross lack
of appreciation be allowed me, is not absolutely beyond such
mistakes. He once upon a time identified many of the Heterocera
for me, receiving therefor my written and substantial thanks.
Among the insects sent were two Catacolai, One a typical spec-

2l8

imen of Aspasia, the other the type of pjira, a description of
which was already written. I desired thus to get Mr. Grote's un-
prejudiced opinion, and learn whether the former was his y^r/;:t?«d^,
and the latter his seviirclicta. Mr. Grote actually sent the former
back labelled '' Walshii,'' and the latter '' Faust ina." Is it pos-
sible he had never ''studied the literature upon the subject? Is
it possible he did not know he had written a description of Art-
Z071CE, to which he could refer? Is it possible that he did not
know Mr. Strecker had written a description of Faustina, diXxd had
given a colored figure of it so excellent that the merest beginner
could have known /wr^ was not Faiistina} Is it possible that he
did not know he had the type of semirelicta in his cabinet, and
was he ignorant of the "literature upon that subject" also?
These facts throw some "light" upon Mr. Grote's claim that Mr.
Strecker's Aspasia is his Arizonce and that my piira is his semi-
relicta.

It is said I turned the sequence of the species upside down.
I did, and gave as a reason for it that the yellow under winged
species seem to follow more naturally after Leiicanitis and Par-
thenoSj^Knd the dark under winged species glide more naturally
into SpintJierops. Can any one give a reason for the contrary
arrangement except that Dr. Morris began it?

Mr. Grote's article and argument are largely made up of
personalities. Upon these I have nothing to say. American
lepidopterology has been disgraced in the eyes of the world, in
the past, by such things. I will not be a willing party to the
continuance of the disgrace. It is something for thought that
my friend, Mr. Grote, has almost without exception had a part in
all personal disputes, and has generally been plaintiff in those in
which he has had part. It is certainly time the method was
abated.

NOTE BY THE PUBLICATIOiN COMMITTEE.

It is a subject of great regret to us that anything like personalities should have crept
into the columns of " Papilio," but Mr. Grote's article having been printed during the ab-
sence of the editor from this city, it appeared to be only " fair play" to allow Mr. Hulst the
opportunity of reply. As far as this journal is concerned, the matter will end here, and no
further personal remarks will again be permitted in its pages.

A NEW VARIETY OF CATOCALA.

By G. H. French, Carbondale, 111.

Catocala Robinsoni. Grote.

Var. Curvata. n. var.

In this form the ground color is a little brighter gray and the
markings are a little more distinct than in the usual form. The
distinctive features are a prominent black basal dash extending
from the base of the primaries beyond the t. a. line, and a curved
shade of the same from the costa at the place of the beginning
of the median shade to the outer margin below the apex. I have
several specimens of Robinsoni in which there is a faint trace of

219

the subapical curve, but only a trace, and no others with even a
trace of the basal dash. Expanse 1.35 inches.
Described from one ? taken here.

Notes ON "The Tortricid/E, Tineid.e and Pterophorid^.
OF South Africa, Lord Walsingham, M.A., F.Z.S.," &c.

By C. H. Fernald.

The above is the title of an interesting paper by Lord Wal-
singham on some of the microlepidoptera of South Africa, pub-
lished in the Transactions of the Entomological Society, 1881,
Part IL, with four uncolored plates.

I do not feel competent to review this valuable paper, since
most of the species are entirely unknown to me, but I wish to
express the opinion that his Lordship has done a most praise-
worthy work in clearing up the synonymy of the various writers
on the micros of South Africa.

Lord W. found a single female in this collection, which agreed
with the description oi Eccopsis WaJilbergiayia Zell., the types of
which are in the museum at Stockholm. The genus Eccopsis v^diS
established by Prof. Zeller in 1852, for the reception of this
species. In 1859, Lederer, in his classification of the Tortricidce
of Europe put the well known European species latifasciana
Haw., into the genus Eccopsis, and this had been followed by later
German writers down to the year 1875, when Zeller published his
work on the Tortricidce of North America, in which he expresses
a doubt whether latifasciana is congeneric with his WaJdbergiana.
Clemens had previously (i860) established his genus Exartema
for nitidana and several other species, but in 1865 he suppressed
this genus and put the species at first placed in it, in the genus
Sericoris. Zeller, in the paper above referred to, revived the genus
Exartema of Clemens and restored the species formerly placed in
it, with some which he described as new. Zeller's original de-
scription of the genus Eccopsis, while agreeing with Exartema in
general, did not mention the remarkable appendage near the anal
angle of the hind wing of the male, and he did not think it possi-
sible that he could have overlooked it when he was characterizing
his genus Eccopsis if it had really been present. Lord Walsing-
ham has taken the trouble to determine the fact that such an
appendage exists, and publishes a sketch of the hind wing of E.
WaJdbergiana, made by Mr. C. Aurivillius, assistant in the Ento-
mological Department of the State Museum at Stockholm, where
the types are preserved. This sketch shows the venation and the
characteristic appendage at the anal angle of the hind wing. The
form of the anal angle beyond the appendage is subject to some
variation among the American species, but the sketch of Wahlber-
giana agrees very closely with Eccopsis Footiana, and differs but
little from nitidana, the type of Clemens' genus Exartema.

From the North American species now before me I am sure

220

-we cannot regard a certain amount of variation in the form of the
wing, of generic value. I believe then that we are justified in re-
garding Clemens' genus Exartenia equivalent to Eccopsisoi Zeller,
and our species should be referred to the latter genus.

NOTES ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

By Arthur G. Butler, British Museum.

GEOMETRITES.

It appears to me that no group of moths has got into greater
confusion than the Geoinctritcs, and I strongly suspect that the
principal cause must be sought for in in the want of definition in
this part of the work undertaken by M. Guenee ; whether that
eminent Lepidopterist was in a hurry to get through his work, or
"whether the publisher worried him, I do not care to inquire, but
he certainly failed to distinguish between reliable and variable
characters ; and, worse than that, he failed to separate the species
before him into natural groups; by this I mean to say that hav-
ing characterized a genus as possessing primaries with the outer,
margin angulated, M. Guenee was as likely as not to place in it
half a dozen species not possessing that character ; whereas, ac-
cording to description, he ought to have placed them in a suc-
ceeding genus.

As this uncertainty in the outline of species primarily referred
to a genus has led to different authors forming entirely dissimilar
views in accordance with the named types in their collections, the
•evil has naturally increased tenfold since the publication of M.
Guenee's work, and the consequence has been a great multiplica-
tion of synonyms.

The following Geometrites have been sent to us by Mr. H.
Edwards :

ENNOMID^.

EUTRAPELA FALCATA. Packard.

Two examples exhibiting different color variation from the
Sierra Nevada. The genus is confounded with Choerodcs, C. trans-
ferens of Walker being the same as E. clemataria, a blunder due
to the vague description, — " les premieres a apex aigti et a bord
terminal droit ou coude en angle sur la 2 ," a door being thus
opened for the introduction by M. Guenee and all subsequent
authors, of species utterly unlike in outline of wing.

OPISTHOGRAPTIS SULPHURARIA. Packard.

Two examples from California: it comes near to nothing in
the museum series.

" Endropia MADUSARIA. Walker.''

The species sent under this name seems to me to be the E.
effectaria of Packard's Monograph ; it certainly is not Walker's
species (which seems to me to be the same as that figured by
Packard), but comes nearer to E. pectinaria, tigrinaria, astyliisaria
•and propriaria of Walker's list.

221

Metro CAM PA perlata. Guenee.

From Vancouver Island and Colorado ; it is also in the
museum from New York: it is very close to the European M..
margaritata. Is it really distinct ?

Tetracis auranticaria. Packard.

An example from California ; it is new to our collection.

Tetracis parallelia. Packard.

A specimen from Sierra Nevada ; this is also new to us.

Tetracis truxaliata. Guenee.

Sierra Nevada, California ; new to us.

Tetracis cegrotata. Guenee.

Under this name Mr. Edwards sends us two examples, one
from Saucelito, California, of a pale, sandy reddish tint, with a
feeble pink gloss and with distinct grey stripes connecting the
black nervular spots; excepting that it is rather smaller and of a
deeper color, it hardly differs from Sabulodes dositheata, Guen.
which we have from Rio de Janeiro. The other specimen is from
San Francisco, is of a paler, sandy yellowish tint, with the grey
stripes much less defined. We received a still paler, although very
similar form some years ago under the Ms, name of Chcerodes
punctata, Pack. I should say that it is undoubtedly conspecific
with Sabulodes colombiata, Guen., two examples of which we have
from Venezuela, and also with Chcerodes subclararia and C. atro-
pesaria, Walk.

AZELINA HUBNERARIA. Guenee.

Two examples from Havilah, and Sierra Nevada, California.
They are larger and redder than our specimens and the line across
secondaries is less defined ; their general coloration is that of A.
nerisaria. These California specimens exhibit more clearly than
I have hitherto seen it, the peculiar pouch-like opening on each
side of the abdomen at its base. What is the use of this contriv-
ance ?

ID^ID^.*

"AcIDALIA" QUINQUELINEATA. Packard.

Two specimens from Nevada. The species belongs to the
group Id(£a of Treitschke. The numerous forms associated under
the name oi Acidalia will have to be distributed into smaller and
less heterogeneous groups.

"Acidalia" californiata. Packard.

Two specimens, California.

To associate this little rounded-winged species with the pre-
ceding is most painful, and in the face of the closely related gen-
era of the family EnnomidcB seems ridiculous in the extreme. It
is probably congeneric with A. rubricata of Europe and might be
placed with it under Emmiltis of Hiibner, though its body is
somewhat broader than that of the European species.

* I suggest this name to supersede Acidaliidce since the name Acidalia was first apphed
to a group of Argynnides.

222

FIDONIID^.

LOZOGRAMMA TRIPUNCTARIA.

Thaninononia Tripunctaria. Packard.

Sierra Nevada, California.

It is incomprehensible to me why Dr. Packard should have
referred this species to TJiamnononia {Halia auct.) ; its close afifin-
ity \.o Lozograimna pctraria of Europe and L. defliiaria of Nova
Scotia must, I should think, be admitted by all who compare the
three species ; whereas the typical form of Tliamnonoma is more
nearly that o{ Macaria. L. exirc7naria seems to come nearer to
Aspilates ? ordinata: an example (much worn) of T. marcescaria,
also in this series, has more nearly the character of the genus.

Phasiane IRRORATA. Packard.

Sierra Nevada, California.

Allied to '■'■Aspilates'" arenosa of Natal and A. ? irradiata of
Shanghai, which will certainly have to be placed in the same genus
with it.

SELIDOSEMA JUTURNARIA. Boisdiival.

Sierra Nevada, California : unlike any species known to me,
perhaps nearer to 5. sordida of Japan than to anything else in our
collection.

Selidosema Juturnaria. var. californaria. Packard.

Sierra Nevada, California. It appears to me that this insect
ought to be regarded as generically distinct from the preceding ;
its more compressed and therefore more slender antennae, less de-
flexed palpi, narrower primaries, upon which the subcostal
branches are crowded together, and distinctly narrower secon-
daries seem, apart from the general aspect, which is palpably dif-
ferent, to warrant their separation.

EUASPILATES SPINATARIA. Packard.

Colorado. The genus appears to me to be identical with
6'^;/c/y//zV2', Guenee (1857) ; but the latter falls before Conchy litim,
Cuvier (1817) and ConcJiylis, Sodoffsky (1837).

LARENTIIDyE.

Rheumaptera brunneicillata. Packard.

South California. We have nothing near to this species.

" Glaucopteryx C^SIATA. Hiibncr.''

Two specimens, Havilah, California. This is not the European
G. ccBsiata, the latter has the outer edge of the broad belt across
the primaries regular and dentated, whereas this species is more
like G. Kollariaria with a regular sinuated band.X I doubt the
occurrence of G. ccesiata in America, although Packard's figure
looks rather like the species : it is probable that the insect now
before me is undescribed.

Epirrita i2-lineata. Packard.

S. Mateo Co.. California. It is apparently congeneric with
my Emnielesia phasina from Japan, an insect bearing considerable
resemblance to E. albiilata of Europe : the latter, notwithstand-
ing its similarity in size, general form and coloration, differs not a

223

little in neuration, the discoidal cell of the secondaries being alto-
gether smaller and the bifurcation of the sub-costal vein much
shorter.

EUPITHECIA CRETACEATA. Packard.

Summit of the Sierra Nevada. From its great size this
species might readily be mistaken for a Lobophora, but its struc-
ture agrees better with EupitJiecia.

Plemyria fluviata. htibner.

Two examples. California. New to the collection.

OCHYRIA RUBRO-SUFFUSATA. Packard.

Two examples. Havilah, California. This type of colora-
tion is new to me as associated with Coremia (to which genus
OcJiyria seems closely allied) it is rather characteristic ol Fidonia ;
but in OcJiyria one looks in vain for the broad plumose antennse
of that genus.

Triphosa progressata? Walk.

Triphosa diibitata, Packard (non Linn.)

Mendocino, California.

The insect sent by Mr. Edwards agrees in size and general
pattern with Packard's figure, but not at all with European speci-
mens of T. diibitata ; the latter have grey secondaries, with the
markings very faintly indicated. The primaries are altogether of
a duller color, with the central belt much broader. I doubt the
occurrence of T. dubitata in America. The example before me
is, I believe, a slight variety of Walker's Scotosia progressata,
from St. Domingo.

Petrophora PRUNATA. var. nubilata. Packard.

Oregon and Knight's Valley, California. It is allied to " Ci-
daria'' suffmnata of Europe and C. Pfycrt of Japan.

EVBOJAIDJE.

CHESIAS OCCIDENTALIATA. Packard.

One example Marin Co., California. Quite new to me.

This concludes the series presented to us by Mr. Edwards.

JOSEPH DUNCAN PUTNAM.

An earnest student, a devoted lover of science, and a kind
and amiable man, has just passed away from earth. Joseph Dun-
can Putnam died on Dec. loth, at his home, Davenport, Iowa,
and in the city which he honored with the labor of his life, there
will scarcely be found one to fill the place he occupied.
Though suffering for many years past from that dread disease,
consumption, and given over as incurable, by many physicians,
the marvellous strength of will which he possessed, enabled him
to make a powerful struggle against the destroyer, and the work
he has accomplished even under the pressure of sickness, has been
such as few strong and healthy men could have given to the
world. He was born at Jacksonville, 111., in 1855, and was there-
fore, only 26 years of age at his untimely death.

224

"At the age of lo or ii years he began collecting fossils,.
minerals, plants, shells and insects, but gradually narrowed down
the scope of his intellect, if the statement may be permitted, to
the department of entomology. In 1872 he accompanied Dr. C.
C. Parry to Colorado, where, during three months spent high up
in the mountains, large collections were made in various depart-
ments of Natural History. There they were visited by the two
eminent botanists, Dr. John Torrey and Dr. Asa Gray. The winter
following was spent in hard study. In 1873, again in company
with Dr. Parry, he was attached to Capt. Jones' expedition to
the Yellowstone, as meteorologist, and carried a barometer for
more than 1000 miles on mule back through some of the roughest
districts of the Wyoming and the National park. In his reports
of this expedition Capt. Jones makes frequent and honorable
mention of the deceased, and the important and valuable service
which he rendered to the cause of science."

On the founding of the " Davenport Academy of Natural
Sciences," in 1867, he was one of its earliest members and
devoted himself, heart and soul to the benefit of the society.
"On the 28th of April, 1871, he was elected Recording Sec-
retary, a position which he retained until January, 1875, when ill
health caused him to resign. He was appointed a member of
the Publishing Committee in November, 1875, and Chairman of
the same in January, 1877. ^^ November, 1876, he was elected
Corresponding Secretary. In the spring of that year he com-
menced the publication of the proceedings of the Academy, and
at the time of his death, he had been for nearly a year President
of the Academy, combining with the duties of that office those
of Secretary and Editor of the Proceedings." He was essentially
a hard worker, too much so, perhaps, for the frail body which en-
closed his aspiring and inquiring soul, and in all that he under-
took, " thoroughness and truth " was his motto. His papers on
Leucaniiini accricola, W. and R. (the Maple barklouse) are valu-
able contributions to entomology ; while his researches into the
life-history and classification of the singular Arachnid family,
SolpiigidcB, if he had lived to publish them, would have made his
name famous wherever science is known. It is not many months
since, that he spent several days in the libraries of New York and
Boston, in searching for literature upon this little known group of
animals, and it is to be hoped that he has left behind him some
MSS. upon this subject, which may yet see the light.

Mr. Putnam was early elected a Corresponding Member of
the N. Y. Entom. Club, and manifested the warmest interest in
its success, the state of his health and his constant occupation
being the only obstacles to his frequent contributions to our
columns. He died, as he had lived, full of hope, an earnest, brave,
and gentle soul, animated by kindness for all, and leaving behind
him none but those who admired his character, and who love and
honor his memory. Hv. Edwards.

INDEX.

VOLUME I.

Index to Authors and Subjects.

Page.

Introduction i

Report of Proceedings, witii reference to Lepidoptera, of the Entomological

Section of American Association for Advancement of Science 123

Butler, Arthur G.

Papilio Ecclipsis, L., Notes on 59

Some N. American Lepidoptera, Notes on 103

128

168

'■ " " " 220

COQUILLET, D. W.

Early Stages of Some Moths 6

Larva of Teras Permutana, Description of 30

Notes and Descriptions of a few Lepidopterous Larvae 56

CoMSTOCK, J. Henry.

Aquatic Noctuid Larva, an 147

Edwards, Henry.

Two New Forms of the Genus Parnassius 2

Descriptions of two New Species of Lithosidae 12

New Genera and Species of North American Noctuidse 19

Notes on Pacific Coast Species of Hepialus, with Description of New

Forms 35

New Species and Varieties of Arctiidae 38

Apparently New Forms of Diurnal Lepidoptera (kt ^ o

Pacific Coast Species of Orgyia with Descriptions of Larvae and New

Forms 60

New Genus and New Forms of North American Zygaenidae 80

New Species of North American Moths 100

Descriptions of New Species of Heterocera 115

New and Remarkable Bombycid from Arizona 171

New Genera and Species of the Family .^Egeride 179

Biographical Sketch of Joseph Duncan Putnam 223

Edwards, William H.

Capture of Diadema Bolina, L. in Florida 30

Descriptions of New Species of Butterflies, chiefly collected by Mr.

Morrison in 1880 43

New Hesperian from Florida 78

On Pieris Bryoniae. Ochs. and its Derivative Forms in Europe and

America 84

Alleged Abnormal Peculiarities of Argynnis Myrina, Remarks on 134

Preparatory Stages of Thecla Henrici, Grote 150

On Certain Habits of Heliconia Charitonia, L., a Species of Butterfly

Found in Florida 209

226

Fernald, C. H. page.

Notes on Fitch's Species of Tortricidae 36

" " The Tortricidae, Tineidae and Pterophoridse of S. Africa, by

Lord Walsingham." 219

French, G. H.

Catocala Sappho. Streck, Notes on 57

Larvae of Some Moths 81

Parasite in ^geria Syringae, Harr 106

New Varieties of Catocala no

Larvae of two Species of Euclea 144

New Variety ol Catocala 218

GOODELL, L. W.

Larvae of two Noctuids 15

Grote, Augustus R.

Descriptions of four New Species of Moths 4

Notes on " North American Tortricidae by Lord Walsingham, F. Z.

S. &c" 8

North American Species of Eustrotia 10

New Insect Injurious to the Hickory 13

New Pyralidae 15

Biographical Sketch of M. Achille Guenee 31

New Noctuids, with List of Species of Oncocnemis 33

Choreutes on Silphium Integrifolium, A 40

Description of Geometridae, chiefly collected by Mr. G. R. Pilate 40

New Species of Dicopis, Chytonix and Spragueia 48

New Noctuidae from Washington Territory 58

New Western Moths 75

Agrotis Repentis, Notes on 126

Professor Riley on Dakruma 142

New Moths from Arizona, with Remarks on Catocala and Heliothis. . . . 153

Moths Collected by Prof. Snow in New Mexico, with List of Eudriini. . 174

GuNDLACH, Juan.

Annotated Catalogue of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of the Island of Cuba, in

Hagen, Herman.

Papilio Ecclipsis, L. a lost or doubtful North American Butterfly 42

HuLST, Geo. D.

Some Remarks upon the Catocalae, in reply to Mr. A. R. Grote 215

Kellicott, D. S.

Larvae of Catocala Flebilis, and C. Amatrix 141

Lintner, J. A.

Importance of Entomological Studies i

On Some Species of Nisoniades 6g

Corrections of Errors in Paper on Nisoniades 122

Neumoegen, Berthold.

New Species of Arctia from Florida 9

" " " Colorado 28

" " Antarctia from Mount Hood, Oregon 79

Remarkable New Geometrid, Description of a 145

Little Beauty, from Arizona, A 149

New Hemileuca from S. Arizona 172

Riley, Charles V.

Lepidopterological Notes 106

Stretch, Richard H.

Genus Clisiocampa, Curtis, Notes on, with Descriptions of New Species. 63

Worthington, C. E.

Two New Hesperians 132

227

LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES DESCRIBED

IN VOL. I.

RHOPALOCERA.

Fam. Papilionid^e. page.

Anthocaris Coloradensis. Hy. Edw 50

" Morrisonii. Edw 43

Parnassius, var. Hermodur. Hy. Edw 4

" Thor. " 2

Fam. Nymphalid.*:.

Melitsea. var. Baroni " 52

" Colon. Edw 45

" var. Dwinellei. Hy. Edw 51

"' Perdiccas. Edw 44

" var. rubicunda. Hy. Edw 52

" var. Wheeleri " 52

Fam. Satyrid^.

Coenonvmpha. var. pulla. '' 51

Fam. Lyc^nid^.

Lycena speciosa. 2 " 55

Thecla. var. citima " 53

" " exoleta " 53

" Mossii " 54

" Muirii " 53

" spadix " 53

" tacita " 53

Fam. HESPERiDiE.

Copaeodes Eunus. Edw 47

Erycides Okeechobee. Worthn 133

Eudamus Oberon " 132

Nisoniades Petronius Lint 70

" Somnus " 73

Pamphila Mardon. Edw 47

" Siris " 47

" Straton " 78

Pyrgus Philetus " 46

HETEROCERA.
Fam. Sphingid.^.

Anceryx Edwardsii Butl 105

Sphinx Dollii. Neum 149

" libocedri Hy. Edw 115

" var. Utahensis " 115

Fam. .(Egerid.e.

.(Eperia albicornis. Hy. Edw 201

" aurata " 190

" aureola " 194

" Bollii '• 191

" brunneipennis " 19I

" consimilis " 194

" corni " 190

" corusca '* 193

" decipiens " 197

" eupatorii " 195

" flava " 189

" gilise " 200

" hemizoniae " 198

hyperici " 195

" imitata " , 196

" impropria " 193

' ' imperfecta " 198

228

Fam. ^gerid^e — Continued. page.

-^geria infirma " 195

" inusitaia " 201

" Koebelei " 196

" lupini " 192

" madarlae " 201

" mimuli " 200

" morula " 196

neglecta " 197

'• nicotianae " 202

' ' Novaroensis Behrens 199

" opalescens Hy. Edw 199

" perplexa " 192

" proxima ' 201

" refulgens " 199

" rubrofascia " 191

" saxilragse " 190

*' sexfasciata " 193

" verecunda " igo

" Washingtoniana " 197

Albuna, n. gen. " i86

" artemisiae " 187

" Coloradensis " 189

" montana " 188

" resplendens " 186

" Riie3'ana " 187

" rutilans " 186

" tanaceti " 188

" torva " 189

" Vancouverensis " 188

Bembecia sequoiae " 181

" superba " 181

Carmenta, n. gen " 1 84

" fraxini " 185

" minuta. " 185

ruficornis " 184

" Sanborni " 185

Euhagena n. gen " 180

" Nebraskse " 180

Larunda. n. gen " 182

" solituda '• 182

Pyrrhotaenia achillae " 203

" eremocarpi " 203

" fragariae " 202

" helianthi " 203

" Meadii " 204

'■ orthocarpi " 204

" polygon! " 202

" Tepperi " 203

" Texana ' 204

Sciapteron cupressi " 183

Graefi •' 183

" scepsiformis " 183

Trochilium pacificum " 180

Zenodoxus canescens " 205

" heucherae " 205

" potentillse " 205

Fam. Zyg^nid^.

Anatolmis fulgens " 116

Gnophaela var. continua " 80

Lycomorpha constans ' " 81

" desertus " 81

229

Fam. ZYG.^tiiTi.^. Continued. page.

Penthetria n. gen. *' 80

" majuscula " 80

" parvula " 80

Scepsis Edwardsii. Grote 4

Fam. Lithosid.^.

Crocota ostenta. Hy. Edw 12

Nola anf racta " 12

" fuscula. Grote 7^

Fam. Hepialid.ij.

Hepialus anceps. Hy. Edw 3^

" inutilis " 3^

" rectus. " 35

Fam. BoMBYCiD.t.

Antarctia, var. proba. Hy. Edw 39

" rubra. Neum 79

Arctia, var. barda. H. Edw 39

" determinata. Neum 28

" flammea " 9

" incorrupta. Hy. Edw 38

Clisiocampa constricta. Stretch 65

" erosa " 67

" fragilis " 64

" strigosa " 67

■' thoracica '" 68

Euleucophseus Neumoegeni. Hy. Edw 171

'■ sororius " ino

Euprepia opulenta " 38

Halesidota ingens " 39

" labecula, Grote 174

Hemileuca Yavapai. Neum 172

Orgyia cana. Hy. Edw 62

'■ gulosa. " 61

Parasa fraterna. Grote 5

Quadrina, n. gen. " 175

" diazoma " . . 175

Thyridopteryx Meadii. Hy. Edw it6

Fam. NocTuiD.ii.

Adonisea var. languida. Hy. Edw 20

Agrotis clodiana. Grote 76

Annaphila aurantiaca. Hy. Edw 23

" pustulata " 23

Apatela edolata Grote i;;3

Arzama melanopyga " 148

Basilodes chrysopis " 154

Bessula, n. gen " 176

" luxa " 176

Bomb)'cia semicircularis " 75

Catocala Chelidonia " .... I5g

" var. curvata. French 218

" dulciola, Grote 5

" var. Emilia. Hy. Edw 117

" var. Evelina. French no

" var. Hinda " in

" Miranda. Hy. Edw in

" var. Zelica French 118

Chariclea pernana. Grote 15I

Chytonix sensilis " 45

Deva palligera. " 3q

Dicopis depilis " 45

Euros, n. gen. Hy. Edw. 18

" proprius " gq

Eustrotia aeria. Grote i r

230

Fam. Noctuid.«. — Continued. page.

Fruva accepta. Hy. Edw 24

" acerba " 24

Graphiphora consopita. Grote 154

Grotella sexseriata " 155

Hadena cinefacta " 76

" cymosa " 34

" semilunata " 58

Heliophila bicolorata " 154

Homoptera rubi. Hy. Edw 26

Homopyralis repentis. Grote 165

Litocala, var. deserta. Hy. Edw 25

Lygranthoecia balba. Grote 156

" coercita " 156

" Walsinghami. Hy. Edw 20

Mamestra liquida. Grote 58

" sutrina " 5

Magachyta subflavidalis " 166

Melicleptria belladonna. Hy. Edw 20

" elaborata " 21

" honesta, Grote 77

" perminuta. Hy. Edw 21

Melipotis tenella " 26

Oncocnemis aqualis, Grote 33

major " 33

Oribates, n. gen. Hy. Edw 22

" limbatus " 22

" Muirii " 22

" opiparus •' 117

" versutus " 116

Perigea loculosa, Grote 154

Plusia celsa, Hy. Edw . loi

Rhododipsa miniana, Groto 175

Spragueia funeralis " 158

" pardalis " 50

Syneda faceta Hy. Edw 119

" occulta " 118

" var. perpallida " 25

" var. saxea " 26

" var. seposita " 25

Synedoida inepta " 26

" morbosa " 26

" sabulosa " 26

" valens " 119

Tarache sedata " 23

Thyatira lorata. Grote 75

Triocnemis, n. gen. " 77

" saporis " 77

Valeria conserta " 58

Xanthothrix Neumoegeni. Hy. Edw loi

Fam. GEOMETRIDrE

Aspilates gausaparia. Grote 41

" vividirufaria. Neum 145

Azelina Morrisonaria. Hy. Edw 121

Cymatophora pulmonaria. Grote 167

Deilinea glomeraria " 41

" septemfluaria " 41

Emplocia cephisaria " 177

fervefactaria " I77

Gorylodes personaria. Hy. Edw 120

Phasiane colata. Grote 167

" hypjethrata " 167

Plagodis flcscularia " 40

Zerene elegantaria. Hy. Edw 121

231

Fam. Pyralid^. page.

Acrobasis caryae. Grote 14

" demotella " 14

Botis crocotalis " 167

" toralis " 178

Cataclysta medicinalis " 15

Choreutes silphiella " 40

Eurycreon elautalis " 168

Hydrocampa pacalis " I?

Nephopteryx scintillans " 18

Oligosiigma obscuralis " 18

Paraponyx plenilinealis " 17

Toripalpus trabalis " 18

RHOPALOCERA.

Papilionidae, 4 species and varieties.
Nymphalidae. 6 " "

Satyrid33 i variety.

Lycsenidze. 7 " and varieties.
Hesperidse. 9 "

HETEROCERA.

Sphingidae. 4 species and varieties,
.^geridae. 4 genera, 70 species.

Zyg^nidse. i genus, 7 species and varieties.
LithosidiE. 3 species.
Hepialidae. 3 "
Bombycidse. i genus, 22 species
Noctuidse. 4 genera, 70 " and varieties.
Geometridse. 13 species.
Pyralidse. 12 "

Total : 10 genera, 233 species and varieties.

GEN ERAL INDEX

VOLUME I.

PAGE.

Abraxas grossulataria 121

Achlyodes Areas 1 14

gesta 114

" Papinianus 114

" Philemon 114

" Thraso j^

Velasquez 114

" Vespasius 114

Achillea millefolia 203

Acidalia quinquelineata 221

" Californiata 221

rubricata 221

Acrobasis Angusella 14

" caryae 13

" " larva of 13

demotella 14

Acronycta populi 127

" lepusculina 127

Actinota Stewarti 59

Adelpha basilea 112

Adonisea pulchripennis 20, 21

" " var. languida. .. 20

.iEgeridag n. gen. and sp. of 179

' ' Walker's sp. of 206

.(Egeria acerni 186, 190

' ' albicornis 200

' ' asilifornnis 200

' ' aureola 194

' ' aurata 190

Bollii 191

" biunneipennis 191

' ' cephiformis 194

' ' ceriiformis 190

" consimilis 194

' ' corni 190

corusca 193

' ' decipiens 197

' ' emphy tiformis 206

" eupatorii 195, 196

" fiava 189

' ' fulvipes 190

' ' geliiormis 208

" giliae 200

" hemizoniae 198

" hylotonoiformis 186, 188, 207

" hyperici 195

" ichneumoniformis 195

" imitata 196

PAGE.

.^geria imperfecta 198

" impropria 193

" infirma 196

' ' inusitata 201

' ' Koebelei 196

" lupini 192

lycopsiforniis 190

" madarias 200

" mimuli '. . . 200

" morula 196

" neglecta 197

" Novaroersis 199

' ' nicotianse 202

" odyneriformis 207

odyneripennis 206, 207

' ' opalescens 199

' ' perplexa 192, 193

' ' pleciseformis 206

" proxima 201

pyralidiformis 184, 207

' ' pyramidalis 206

refulg^ns 199

rubrofascia 191

sapygaeformis 207

saxifraeae 190

senecioides 198

" sexfasriata 193

" stelidiformis 196

" syrirgae, parasite in 106

tipuliformis 189, 192

uroceriformis 194

■ ' verecunda 190

" Washingtoniana 197

iEgocera 129

yEnosanda noctuiformis 105

Aganisthos Acheronta 112

" Odius 112

Agraulis vanillae 214

.'^urotis balanitis 127

brunneigera 127

" clandcstina jS

" clodiana 76

' ' Cochrani 126

" friabilis 127

lus' igera 127

gravis 76

Havilag 76, 169

herilis 128

233

PAGE.

Agrotis impacta 169

" jaculifera 128

" lycarum i;6

' ' messoria 126

', micronyx 127

" pastoralis 153

pleuritica 153

" repentis 126, 169

" rubefactalis 127

" scandens 126

" segetum 127, 154

" Texana 127, 153

" tricosa 128

Albuna n. gen 186

' ' artemisiae 187

Coloradensis 189

" montana 188

' ' resplendens 186

" Rileyana 187

" rutilans 186

tanaceti 188

" torva 189

" Vancouverensis 188

Aletia argillacea 107

Alypia Langtoni 129

" Maccullochii 129

" Ridingsii 129

' ' Sacramenti 129

Ameria unicolor 153

Ambrosia artemisifolia, the food plant

ot Tarache erastroides 8

Ambrosia trifida, food plant of Gortyna

nitela 107

Ambulyx 104

Ampelophaga rubiginosa 104

' ' versicolor 104

Amphion Nessus 103

Anartia jatrophse iii

" Lytraea iii

Anasa Echemus 112

" troglodyta 112

Anatolmis fulgens 116

Grotei 116

Anceryx Alope 105

Edwardsii 105

" fasciata 105

' ' Scyron 105

Annaphila arvalis 23

" aurantiaca 23

" decia 170

" depicta 170

' ' domina 23

" pustulata 23

" salicis 23

Antaplaga 176

Anthocaris ausonia 51

" ausoniedes 51

" Belia 51

' ' Cethura 43

" Coloradensis 50

" Cooperi 43

" Hyantis 44.51

' ' Morrisonii 43

Anchylopera fragariae 107

Anomis Xylina 107

Antarctia proba 79

" punctata 39, 79

" rubra 79

" rufula 79

" vagans 79

Apamea connexa 169

" iaspis 49, 50

PAGE.

Apamea unanimis 169

Apatela afflicta 153

Americana, larva of 6

" brumosa, larva of 56

edolata 153

" falcula, larva of 6

lobehae, larva of 6

Perdita 153

' ' persuasa 153

' ' superans, larva of 6

" xvliniformis 153

Apatura Druryi 112

' ' Idyja 122

" Pavorii 114

" Theodora 114

Aquatic noctuid larva 147

Arctia, n. sp 9, 28, 38

" Achaia 38, 131

" " var, barda 38

" Blakei 38

" caja 37

" cervinoides 29

decorata, larva of 81

determinata 28

" flammea 9

" incorrupta 38

" intermedia 131

" nais, larva of 82-

" ochracea 131

' ' phalerata, larva of. 82

' ' Saundersii 131

" virguncula, larva ot 7

Archicarus 170

Archippus, hibernation 01 124

" number of broods of 124

Argynnis, Bellona, alleged peculiarities

in 125, 134

Argynnis, Myrina, alleged peculiarities

in 125, 13+

Argyrolepia quercifoliana 37

Argyrotoxa conigerana 37

" trifurculana 37

Arthemis, color of 124

Artemisia vulgaris 188

Arzama densa 148

' ' diffusa 148

" melanopyga 147

' ' vulnifica 148

Aspilates arenosa 222

' ' gausaparia 41

' ' irradiata 222

" Lintneraria 41

" ordinaria 222

" viridirufaria 145

Aspila Rhexiag 157

Associa'n Advc. Science, Proceed'gs of. 123

Azehna Hubneraria 121, 221

" Morrisonaria 121

" nerisaria 221

Basilodes chrysopis 154

pepita 154, 15s

Behrensia conchiformis 59

Bembecia sequoias 181

" superba 181

Bessula n. gen 176

' ' luxa 176

Boarmia pulmonaria 167

Bombycia improvisa 75

" semicircularis 75

Bombycoidee, larvse of 168

234

Bombyx frutetorum 68

' ' drupacearum 68

' ' pseudoneustria 64

Botis allectalis 178

" augustalis 178

crocatalis 167

fodinalis 167

fracturalis 178

signatalis 178

" tatalis 178

" toralis 178

ventralis 167, 178

volupialis 178

Brachytaenia malana 36

' ' triquetrana 37

Brenthis Bellona 134

" Myrina 134

Bryophila palliatricula 49, 50

Butler, A. G., articles by. 59, 103, 128, 168, 220

Butterflies, n. sp. of 2, 43, 50, 69, 78, 132

Cacoecia 37

Californian Lepidopt, variation in 35

Calisto Herophile iii

Callidryas Aganthe 30

Carmenta, n. genus 184

aureopurpur < 184

' ' fraxini 184

minuta 184

" pyralidiformis 184

" ruficornis 184

' ' Sanborni 1 84

Gary a porcina, food plant of Acrobasis. 13

Garystus Corydon 113

' ' tripunctus 113

Gastniidse 128, 177

Gataclysta angulatalis 16

bifascialis 16

" fulicalis 15, 16

helopalis 16

" medicinalis 15, 16

moniligeralis 16

" opulentalis 16

Gatalogue Guban Lepidoptera iii

Gaterva calenaria, larva of 56

Gatocala abbreviatella 163, 164

' ' adoptiva 164

Agrippina 57

Aholibah 171

Alabama 5,163,164,201

' ' amatrix 163

" " larva of 141

■" Amestris 161, 217

'• arnica, larva of 7

Angusi 164, 215

Anna 161, 164, 217

" ' Arizonae 163, 218

Aspasia 163, 218

Atarah 215

badia 163, 164, 217

basalis 164

■' ' Beaniana 163, 217

" Briseis 163, 171, 217

" Belfrageana 215

Bunkeri 164

'" Galifoinica 171

" cara 57

"' cerogama .. 160

■" chelidonia 159, 164

Coelebs 163, 164, 217

' ' Glintonii 164

coccinata, larva of 56

PAGE.

Gatocala communis 158

' ' concumbens 160

Gordelia 6

crataegi 5, 163

curvata 215

desperata 157

dulciola 5, 164

electilis 171

Emilia 116

Evelina no

Faustina 217

flavidalis 163, 164

flebilis 164

•' " larva of 141

formula 159, 164

fratercula 164

" larva of 7

" fraxini 160

Frederici 164

Gisella 164

gracilis 159

grynea 169, 162

habilis 164

• ' Herodias 164

Hilda Ill

Ilia 160

illecta 159, 211

innubens in, 163, 171

insolabilis 163

" Irene 171

lachrymosa 57, no, in

" Levettei 118, 164

" lineella 164

Mariana 171, 215

Meskei 163, 164, 215

' ' minuta 159

mira 163

Miranda 118

neogama 158

nuptialis 162, 163

obscura 162

Ophelia 160

parta 33, 171

parvula 159

" paleogama in

" Paulina no

" perplexa 215

phalanga in, 164

piatrix 164

" polygama 6, 163

" ponderosa 164

prasclara Si 163. 164,^^211

pretiosa 163

pura 163, 218

relicta 160

retecta 164

Robinsonii 164, 218

residua 163, 164, 215

Sappho 57

scintillans 164

semirelicta 163, 164, 217

similis 159

simulatilis 164

sinuosa 164

Snowiana 164, 215

sordida 159, 164

subnata 158, 164

tristis 118

ultronia 164

" unijuga 163, 217

Verrilliana 160, 164, 171

vidua 215

235

PAGE.

Catoca^a Walshii 163, 218

' ' Whitneyi 163, 215

" Zelica iii

" Zoe 160

Catopsilia Agarithe 112

" Argante 112

" Avellanada 112

Eubule 112

Godartiana 1 12

' ' Neleis 112

Sfatira 112

" Thalestris 112

Cautethia 105

Celena exesa 32

Ceratocampidag 17S

Cenopis gracilana 9

Chaerodes atropesaria 221

" punctata 221

" subclararia 221

' ' transferens 220

Chamyris cerintha, larva of 56

Chalcoela aurifera 16

' ' Robinsonii 16

Charadra propinquelinea, larva of 15

Charadara Palata 153

Chariclea 77

" pernana 155

Chenopodium, food plant of Mamestra

and Plusia 7, 107

Chesias occidentaliata 223

Chloraspilates bicoloraria 145

Choreutes on Silphium integrifolium . -. 40

" pretiosana 40

" silphiella 40

Chrysendeton 16

Chytonix laspis 49

" sensilis 49

Cidaria Pryeri 223

sufitumata 223

Citheronia sepulcralis 175

Ciris Wilsoni 177

Cleocpris onchina 32

Clisiocampa, the genus 63

" Calif )rnica 64, 132

" " larva of 64

" habits of 64

constricta 65

" larva of 66

decipiens 68

Clisiocampa distria 67

" erosa 67

" " larva of 67

' ' fragilis 64

" neustria 66

' ' strigosa 67

sylvatica 68

' ' thoracica 68

Clothilda Cubana iii

" numida iii

" pantherata ill

Coatlantona Perezi iii

Coenonympha Californica 51

" galactina 51

" puUa 51

Coloradia Pandora 175

Comstock, J. Henry, article by 147

Conchylia 222

Conchylis ambiguella 109

Conopia 207, 208

Copoeoedes Eunus 43, 47

Copidiyas Gloveri 129, 177

Coquillet, D . W. , articles by 6, 30, 56

PAGE.

Coremia 223

Cornus sericea 190

Cossidae, position of the family 128

Cotton woim 107

Crambus vulgivagellus 125

Crepis, food plant of Plusia 107

Crocota 153

" ostenta 12

Croesia Persicaria 36

Ctenucha multifaria 130

" rubroscapus 130

" Walsinghami 130

Cuba, Diurnal Lepidopt. of in

Cupido Ammon 112

" Cassius 112

" Hanno 112

" isophthalma 112

Curious history of butterfly 134

Cymatophora pampinaria 82

" " larva of 16

" pulmonaria 153, 167

" umbrosaria 167

Cynogon 103

Cypa 103

Dahana atripennis 130

Daimia Thetys 72

Dakruma turbatella 108, 142

Danais Archippus 124

" Erippus in

" Gilippus Ill

Daptonoura Ilaire 112

" Salacia 112

Deiopeia aurea no

Delinea glomeraria 41

' ' septemfluaria 41

Deva, distinct from Plusia 35

" palligera 35, 59

' ' purpurigera 35

Diadema Bolina 30

' ' capture in Floi a 30

Dicopis, n. sp. of -. 48

" damalis 49

' ' depilis 49

" electilis 49

' ' muralis 49

Thaxterianus 49

" vitis 49

Dicymolomia decora 16

Dione Vanillse in

Dismorphia Cubana 112

" Spio 112

Ditula Blandana 37

Diurnal Lepidopt of Cuba in

Doryodes, ocelli in 32

Dryobota stigmata 49

Dynamine Egasa 112

" Mylitta 112

Eacles 175

Eccopsis Footiana 219

" Wahlbergiana 219

Echeta albipennis 4

Edwards, Henry, articles by. ..2, 12, 19,
35, 38, 60, 80, 100, 115, 171,

179 223

Edwards Wm. H., articles by. -.30. 43,

78, 84, 134, 150 209

Edwardsia brillians 12

Elibia dolichus 104

Emmelesia albulata 222

" phasma 222

236

PAGE.

Emmiltie 221

Emplocia cephisaria 177

' ' fervefactaria 177

Emprepes novalis 178

Endropia astylusaria 220

' ' eftectaria 220

" madusaria 220

pecfinaria 220

propnaria 220

' ' tigrinaria 220

Ennomidas 220, 221

Entomological studies, importance of.. i

Enyo camertus 104

" lugubris 103

Eochroa 131

Epirrita lo-lineata 222

Epphippohora caryana 37

Erastria albidula 11

" apicosa 11

" carneola ex

' ' malaca 11

" mitographa 11

" muscosala 11

" musla II

" migritula 11

" secta II

' ' synochitis 11

Erycides Batabane 113

' ' Ocheechobee 133

Euaspilates spinataria 222

Euchetes collatis 131

Euclidia capiticola 171

" cuspidea 171

" petricola 171

Euclea monitor, larva of 145

" pcenulata " " 144

Eudamus Nevada 74

' ' Oberon 132

' ' Proteus 14

Py lades 74

" Sumadue 114

Tityrus 74, 133

" Trinidad 114

Eudemis botrana 109

Eudriini list of. 177

Eudryas assimilis 177

" brevipennis 177

" grata 177

" unio 177

Eueides cleobra iii

Euhagena n. genus 180

" Nebraskas 181

Eulimacodes scapha 132

Euleucophasus Neumoegeni 171

sororius 100

Euleucyptera cumatilis 157

Eumgeus Atala 112

Eunica Monima 11 1

" Heraclitus iii

Tatila iii

Eupatorium purpureum 195

Eupithecia cretaceata 223

" interruptofasciata larva of . . 56

Euprepia opulenta 38

Eiiptoieta hegesia iii

Eurema albina 112

" Amelia 112

" Arabella 112

" Bulea 112

" citrina 112

" conjimjens 112

" Cubana 112

PAGE.

Eurema Dina 112

" ebriola 112

" Elathea 112

Fornsii 112

' ' Gnathene 112

Gundlachia 112

Iradia 112

Jucunda 112

Laras 112

Lisa 112

" Lucina 112

Messalina 112

" Nicippe 112

" Palmyra 112

" Proteipia 112

Euros n. genus 19

" proprius 19

Eurycreon elautalis 198

Euryptychia saligneana 109

Euscirrhopterus Poeyi 177

Eustrotia ^ria 11

" caduca 11

' ' carneola, larva of 7

" dividua 11

Mariae 11

" N. Amer. sp. ot 10

" retis II

Eutolype Rolandi 48

Eutrapela elementaria 220

' ' falcata 220

Exartema 219

Feniseca Tarquinius 151

Fernald, C. H., articles by 36, 219

Fidonia 223

Fitch's Tortricidias 36

Fraxinus, injured by .^Egeridas 184

French, G. H., articles by.. 57, 81, 106,

no, 144 218

Fruva accepta 24

' ' acerba 24

Geometridae, n. species ot 40

Geometntes 220

Glaucopis rubroseapus 130

Glaucopteryx cassiata 222

" Kallariaria 222

Gloveria Arizonensis 100, 175

Gnophagia, is the genus Arctian 129

" continua 80

" equinoctialis 130

" Hopfieri 129

" vermiculata 80

Gonerteryx Moerula 113

Goodell, L. W. article by 15

Gortyna 148

" nebris 107

" nitela 107

" " feeds on Ambrosia

trifida 107

Gorytodes personana 120

" uncanaria 120

Graphiphora consopita 154

oviduca 154

" perbrunnea 154

rufula 154

Grapholitha caryag 37

Grote, A. R. articles by 4, 8, 10, 13,

15. 31. 33. 40. 48, 58, 75.

126, 142, 153 174

Grotella septempunctata ISS

" sexseriata iS3i ^55

237

PAGE.

Guence, A. biograph sketch of 31

Gueneria 33

Gundlach, Juan, article by iii

Gynecia dirce 112

Hadena arctica 34

" castanea 34, 59

" convergens 170

' ' curvata 59

cymosa 34, 59

divesta 59

" indirecta 59, 170

" inordinata 59

" norma 59

" semilunata 58

Hagen, H. H. article by 42

Halesidoia Edwardsi 175

ingens 39

" labecula 174

' ' sobrina 39

Hedya Scudderiana 109

Heliconidas, flight of 209

" immunity from birds, &c .. 209

' ' odor of 209

Heliconia charitonia, habits of 123, 209

larva of 210

chrysalis of 210

Heliothis ariiiiger 158

' ' cupes 127

" dipsaci 158

" imperspicua 156

" interjacens 158

luteiiinctus 158

" " larva of 57

" maritinia 158

" phlogophagus 158

" spectanda 157

" sulmala 157

Heliophila bicolorata 154

prasgracilis 103

Hemaris cynoglossum 103

" meta'hetis 103

Hemileuca Diana 174

Juno 174

" Nevadensis 131

Yavapai 172

Hemizonia luzulifolia 198

Hepialus anceps 36

Behrensii 35

" inutilis 35

Lenzii 35

" modestus 35

" montanus 35

rectus 35

' ' sequoiolus 35

' ' Tacomae 35

Hesperia crisis 113

" Labeo 115

Syrictus 113

Ulpianus IIS

Hesperidae, n. sp. from Florida 78

Heteranda disparitis 177

Heuchera rubescens 205

Hickory, insects injurious to 13

Homeosoma 108

Homoptera atrilineata 28

rubi 28

Homopyralis discalis 165

" repentis 165

tactus 165

tantillus 166

Honora 108

PAGE.

Hydrocampa ekthlipsis 17

" formosalis 17

" geminalis 17

" pacalis 17

Hypanartia Paullus , m

Hyperchiria 175

Hypna Clytemnestra 112

" Iphigenia 112

Hypohmnas Bolina 112

Hyloicus Dollii 149

Hyrmina 131

Idaea ... 1 221

Idaeidae 221

Ino 80

Insects, crops affected by 2

" study of 2

depfedations of 2,64, 69

Isognathus scyron 105

Ithomia Cubana in

Jaspidea 49

Junonia Genoveva in

" Lavinia in

" Zonalis in

Kricogonia Lyside 113

Larentida 222

Larunda, n. genus 180, 182

solituda' 182

Lasiocampidas 169

Leucanium acericola 224

Leucanitis 218

Limacodidae 169

Lintner, J. A., articies by i, 69, 122

Litocala sexsignata 171

Lobophora 224

Lozogramma defiuaria 222

extremaria 222

" petraria 222

' ' tripunctaria 222

Lygranthoecia acutilinea 157

" atritas 157

" inclara 157

" Spraguei 177

' ' tuberculum 157

Macaria 222

Madaria elegans 201

Malacosoma disstria 68

Mamestra assimilis, larv-a of 15

cinnabarina 59, 169

" cuneata 5i 59i 169

" cinefacta 76

distincta 48, 77

legitima 58

lilacina 58

liquida 58

passer 32

sutrina S

trifolii, larva of 7

Megachyta lituralis 166, 167

subflavidalis 166

Megaleura Chiron 112

Eleucha 112

Poeyi 112

Meganostoma Cesonia 59, 113

Meficlepiria belladonna 20

" diminutiva 20, 170

' ' elaborata 20

238

PAGE.

M elicleptria honesta 77

" Oregonica 77, 170

' ' perminuta 20

" villosa '20

Melipotis tenella 26

Melitsea anicia 52

" Baroni 52

Colon 43.45. 46

chalcedon 44,45,46,51, 52

Dwinellei 51

" nubigena 52

" Perdiccas ^-43. 44

" Quino 52

" rubicunda 52

" variation in species of 51

' ' Wheeleri 52

Melittia 180

Metrccampa margaritata 221

" perlata 221

Mimas 103

Morpheis smerintha 128

Moths, early stages of. .6, 15, 30, 40, 56,
60, 64, 66, 67,

107, 141, 144,... 147

Myclois convolu'ella 108

Mythimna culea 32

Nathalis lole 113

Nephopteryx scintilians 18

Neumoegen B., articles by 9, 28, 79

Nisoniades Areas '±''': "^^

" Braco 114

" Brizo ■ 71

" brunnea 114

" concolor 114

' ' funeralis 69

" Horatius 71

Icelus 71

'■ Juvenalis 69

" Martialis 70

Nasvius 69

Otreus I '4

" Petronius 70

' ' Persius 70

" Philemon 114

' ' Propertius 70

Potrillo 114

' ' Somnus 71

' ' Terentius 70

' ' tibial hairs of 72

Tibullus 71

" undulatus 114

" Virgiliiis 71

" Zarucco 114

" Zephodes 114

Noctuomorpha normalis - . 170

Nola anfracta 11

' ' furcula 76

" minuscula 76

Nolaphana 36

Notice to subscribers ^2

Nuphar advena, food plant of Arzsma

melanopyga 148

Nymphalis Bolir a 30

Ochria 148

Ochyria rubroiuffusata 223

(Eta compta no

" " egg of no

Oligostigmaalbalis 18

' ' obscurali 18

PAGE

Oncocnemis aqualis 34, 34

aterrima 34

angustus 43

atricollaris 34

Behrensii - 34

Chandleri 34

cibalis 34

Dayi 34

Glennyi 34

Hayesi 34

homogena 34

levis 34

major 34

Meadiana 34

mirificalis 3'^

otDlita 34

occata 34

Saundersiana 34

Opisihograptis sulphuraria 220

Orgyia antiqua 62

badia 62

" cana 62

food plants of 62

gulosa 61

' ' larvag of 60, 61

leucostigma 63

nova 62

" vetusta 60

Oribates n. genus 22

" changed to Gyros 117

" limbatns 22, 117

Muirii 22, 117

opiparus 117

' ' versutus 116

Orthocarpus lufeus 204

Orthosia crispa 169

" lagvis 169

" Lizetta 169

postica 127

i 0'"s choerilus 104

j ' ' Myron 104

] Qvios 177

Oxylos citrinellus 179

Poedisca affu?anna 109

" crambitana 9

" agricola 48

Pamphila Amadis 113

" Amyntas 113

" Areas 113

Arpa 79

Baracoa 113

" Cornelius 113

;' Coscinia 113

Cubana 113

" Ethiius 113

Flyas 113

■ ' Leonard us 79

Magdalia 113

' ' malitiosa 113

:' Majo 113

" Mardon 43, 47

misera 113

Palaea 115

Philemon 113

Phvlagus 113

'• radians 113

Sandarae 113

Sirius 43, 47

singularis 113

' ' Straton 78

" sylvicola 1 13

239

PACK.

Pamphila Utha 115

" Velasquez 113

Papilio, objects of i

" contributors to i

Papilio AndrEemon 113

" Androgeus 113

" Caiguanabus :.... 113

" Celadon 113

" Cresphontes 113

Crephontinus 113

" ecclipsis 42, 59

" " a fictitious sp 59

" Gundlachianus 113

" Oviedo 113

" Oxynius 113

" Pelaus 113

" Polydamas 113

• " Polyxenes 113

" Thoas 113

" Villiersii 113

Parasite m ^geria syringae 106

Paranthene 184

Parasa chloris 5

" fraterna S

" viridus 5

Paraponyx plenilinealis - . 17

Pareuchetf s 176

Parnassius Clarius 3

" Corybas 4

" Delphius 3

' ' Eversmanni 3

" Hermodur 4

" Smintheus 4

" Thor 2

Parthenos 218

Pempelia grossularias 108, 143

" Hammondi 143

Penthetria n. genus 80

" majuscula 80

' ' parvula 80

Penthina vitivorana 108

Pericopis Aglaura 130

' ' Catalina 129

Perigea loculosa 154

Ft trophora nubilata 223

prunata 223

Phaloena castrenis 68

" neustria 68

" puncteJla no

Phalaenites, ocelli in 33

Phaneretoma tibialis 14

Phasiane colata 167

" hypoethrata 167

" irrorata 222

" Snoviata 167

Phoxopteris comptana 109

Phycis grossularie'.la 108, 143

Phycidge 13, 142, 143, 144

Phoeogenes ater 106

Phyciodes Frisia iii

" Pelops Ill

Phryganidea Californica 131

" location of genus 131

Pieris, acadica 87, 98

' ' brassicae 94

" bryoriae, and derivative forms ... 84

" borealis 92, 98

' ' casta 91 . 93. 98

" castoria 94, 98

" cruciferaruni 93, 98

" dates of capture of 96

" fiava 08

PAGE

Pieris frigida 91, 98

'• Hulda 88, 95, 98, 99

" llaire 30

•' monuste 112

napasag 84, 95, 98

" napi 84, 89,90.94,98

" nasturtii 89, 98

' ' Nova Angliae 94

oleracea. . -87, 89, 90, 92, 93, 95, 97, 98

asstiva 87,91,93,94,98

hyemalis-.Sg, 91, 93, 94, 97. 98

' ' pallida 87, 94, 95, 97, 98

" protodice 95

rapae 93, 94' 9^

" sabellicas 85

' ' table of species of 98

venosa 87, 88, 94, 97, 98

vernalis 95

Virginiensis 94

probably extinct 96

Pinipestis Zinnmermanni 13

Pines injured by Bembecia i8i

Pipponabiniatrix 176

Plagodis floscularia 40

Plemyria fluviata 223

Plusia brassicae 106, 127

' ' Californica 170

" celsa loi

' ' dyaus 170

" gamma loi, 170, 170

" labrosa 59

" ni 127

" octoscripta loi

' ' precationis loi

" thyatiroides 33

" u-aureum loi, 170

" veiticillata 170

" viridisigma loi

Polygonum aviculare, food plant of Arc-

tias 7

Polygonum maritimum 202

Polygonum Pennsylvanicum, tood plan'

of Pyrrhia 8

Populus grandidentata, food plant of

Catocala amatrix 142

Prepona Antimache 112

Procris 80

Prodenia autumnalis 127

' ' commelina 128

" lineatella 128

Proserpinus 103

Proteopteryx emarginana 9

Profeides alanieda 113

antiqua 113

corrupia 113

" Cunaxa 113

" mesogramma 113

Pscudorthosia variabilis I54

Pseudohazis eglanterina 132

Psycbidae 131

Pterogon Clarkiag 103

'■ cenolherae 103

oroserpma 103

Pterophoridae of S. Africa 219

Putnam, J. D., Biogr. sketch of 223

Pyrameis Atalanta ni

Cardui m

" Virginiensis m

Py rgus caespitatis 73

" centaureae 73

" eiicetorum 73

" oceanus 73

240

Pyrgus Petreius 73

" Philetas 43, 73

' ' Ricara 73

' ' scriptura 73

" tpsselatus 46, 73

" tibial hairs in 73

" Xanthus 73

Pyrophila glabella 15=;

Pyropteron 208

Pyrrhia angulata, larva of. 8

Pyrrhotaenia achillae 203

eremocarpi 203

' ' fragariag 202

" helianthi 203

' ' Meadii 204

orthocaroi 204

' ' Polygoni 202

' ' Tepperi 203

' ' Texana 204

Quadrina n. genus 175

" diazoroa 175

Quercus agrifolia, food plant of Clisio-

campa 66

Quprcus Sonomensis, food plant of

Clisiocampa ". 66

Quercus sps., lood plants of Orygia

gulosa 61

Rheumaptera brunneicillata 222

Rhodophora 176

Rhododipsa miniana 175

" volupia 176

Riley, C. V., article by 106

Robinia pseudacacia, food plant of Clisi-
ocampa 67

Sabulodes colombiata 221

" dositheata 221

Salvia splendens, frequented bv Eu-

damus 74

Saturnia Mendocino 132

Saturnidae 131, 169

Scarabeus 3-dentatus 42

Scepsis Edwardsii 4

" fulvicollis 4

Schinia gracilenta 156

Sciapteron cupressi 183

" Graefi 183

" robinas 199

' ' scepsiformus 183

" syringag 183

" " larva of 184

Scolecocampa 149

Scoliopteryx libatrix, larva of 56

Selidosema Californaria 222

" juturnaria 222

' ' sordida 222

Senecio Douglasii 199

Sequoia sempervirens, injured by Bem-

becia t8i

Siderone Ide 112

Silphium integrifolium, food plant of

Choreutes 40

Smerintlius ophthalmicus 104

Solpueidas 224

Spaelotis ravida i6q

Sphida obliquata - 148

Sphinx Chersis 104. 115

" DoUii 149

" drupiferarum 115

' ' leucophseata 105

PAGE.

Sphinx libocedri 115

' ' oreodaphne 104, 115

" perelegans 105

" Utahensis 115

Spilonota roborana 109

Spintherops 218

Spragueia, n. species of 48

' ' dama 50

" funeralis 158

" pardalis 50, 158

' ' structure of 50

Stenoptycha 108, 143

Stretch, R. H., article by 63

Sylectra mirandalis 166

Syneda adumbrata 25, 118

divergens 25, 171

" faceta 118

graphica 118

" Hastingsii 25

" occulta ri8

perpallida 25

" saxea 26

seposita 25

Synedoida inepta 27, 28

" morbosa 27

" sabulosa 26

" valens 118

Synnoma lynosyrana 9

Syntomeida 130

Syringa Persica, injured by^geridae .- 184

Taraila velaris 176

Tarache inocula 155

' ' erastroides 8

" sedata 23

" virginalis 155

Telegonus Habana 114

Jagua 114

" Maysi 114

" San Antonio 114

' ' Talus 113

" Xagua 114

Teras 36

" occyecccana no

' ' permutana, larva of 30

Tetracis aegrotata 221

" auranticaria 221

parallelia 221

" truxaliata 221

Thalpochares 10

Thamnonoma marcescaria 222

" tripunctaria 222

Thanaos paterculus 115

Thecla adenostomati.<; 53

Angelia 114

arsace 53

Aoii 114

Celida — --.112, 114

" citima 52

coelebs 114

crysalus 52

Cybira 114

' ' exoleta 52

" Henrici 53, 125

" " early stages of 150

Irus 52, 152

" Limenia 114

Martialis 114

Marius 114

Maesites 114

" Mossii 52

Muirii 52

241

PAGE.

" Nelsoni 52

" paseo 114

" Poeas 151

" Putnami 52

" Simaehis 114

spadix 52

" tacita S3

" Tollus 114

Thyatira lorata 75

" pudens 75

Thymele Cassander 113

" marmorosa 113

Proteus 113

" Santiago 113

" Vespasius 113

Thymelicus nanus 113

Thyridopteryx ephemeritormis 116

" Meadii 116

Tinea pustulella no

Tineidae of S. Africa 219

Tortricidas of S. Africa 219

" "N.America 8,36

Fitch's species of 36

" errors of determination in -. 36

Tortrix botrana 108

" conigerana 37

" Cinderella 109

" flaccidana 37

' ' nialivorana 109

" occycoccana 109

" queicifoliana 37

" trifurculana 37

' ' vaccinivorana 109

Toripalpus breviornatalis 18

trabalis 18

Trioonemis n. genus 77

saporis tj

PAGE,

Triphosa dubitata 223

' ' progressata 223

Trochilium apiforme 180

" pacificum 180

Valeria conserta 58

Victorina steneles H2

Walsingham, Lord, on articles by 8, 219

Weisman, Dr., experiments with Pierjs
bryoniae 84

Xanthothrix Neumoegeni loi

" ranunculi 170

Xyleutes 129

Xylina antennata 127

' ' cinerea 127

Xylinidas 169

Xylomiges cruciali^ 59

Xylophasia mucens 170

Xystus robmise 128

Yukon river, Alaska, insects from 2, 38

Zanclognatha laevigata 167

Zenodoxus canescens 205

heucherae 205

' ' potentillae 205

Zerene catenaria 121

elegantaria 121

Zophodia Bollii 143

' ' con vol vutell a 108

' ' dentata 143

Zygsenidag n. gen. and sp. of. ..80, 129,

131 177

242

ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA.

Page 3, line 31, substitute "r" for "R" in 3rd word.

" 5, " 36, for " Catacola " read " Caiocala."

" 6, " 40, after "proceeds " insert "one."

" 7, " 38, for " imagoes " read " images."

" 8, " 5, "

'• 8. " 15. '

" 8, " 22, "

'■ 10, " 31, for "Wissfield" read "Wittfeld."

" 13, " 8, substitute " n " for " N " in 3rd word.

" 14, " 2, for "imagoes \ read "imagos."

^' 15. " 35, for "ochery " read " ochrey."

" 16, " 4, '

" 19, " 6, in " marking " add" s."

" 20, " 7, for "crimson " read "cinnamon."

" 24, " 15, for " concolorus " read " concolorous."

" 26, " 3, after " i " add " S ."

" 26, " 18, for " S " substitute " ? ."

" 29, " 20, for " latten " read " latter."

'■ 30, " 12, for "imagoes " read " imagos."

" 30, " 28, for " habital " read " habitat."

■' 30, " 35, for " Pieni " read " Pieris."

" 30. " 35, for "Ilaiare " read " Ilaire."

" 35. " 27, add a comma after " Colias."

" 35.' " 34- fo'' " Scequoilus" read " Sequoiolus."

" 38, " 41, for " primiaries " read "primaries."

" 40, " 36, for " imagoes " read " imagos."

" 41, " 39, for " I. R. Pilate " read " G. R. Pilate."

" 43, " 5, for "Peridiceas" read " Perdiocas."

" 43, " 15, for "grayish " read "yellowish."

" 44, " 8, for "Perdiceas " read " Perdiccas."

" 51, " 17, for " Crensa " read " Creusa."

" 53. " 10, substitute "t " for " T."

" 58, " 7, add "and" between " Lilacina " and " Legitima."

" 59, " II, for "as " read " a."

« " 59, " 12, for " Hadeva" read " Hadena."

" 59> " 25, dele " semilunata."

" 70, " 2 of foot note, for " spot's " read " spots."

" 71, " 30, for " luvenals " read " Juvenalis."

" 72, " 4, dele " in the Middle and Eastern States."

" 72, " 22, after " met with " add " in the Middle and Eastern States.
r " 73. " 4, for " Ceespitabis " read "casspitatis."

" 73> " 4. dfle foot note of the page.

" 81, " 19, for " L. pholu " read " L. pholus."

'• 94, " 6, for "sometime " read " sometimes^"

" 99> " 3I' 1st column dele " Napasas," and place it in 2d column thus

European
SUMMER FORMS.
3 Napeeae. (Europe.)
Page 100, line 28, for " ? " substitute " S ."

" 100, " 29, for " 6 " substitute " ? ."

243

Page 104, line 16, for " Ariiphelophaga " read " Ampelophaga."

" 104, " 23, for " represnt read "represent."

" 105, " 45, for " Cauthetia " read " Cautethia."

" III, " 34, 1st col., for " Dimeter " read " Demeter." •

" 112, " 41, 1st col., for " Lemoniid " read " Lemoniid^e."

" 112, " 43, 1st col., for " Libythcca " read " Libythea."

" 112, " 47, 1st col., for " Isopthalma " read " Isophthalma."

" 113, " 18, 1st col., for " Villersi " read " Villiersi."

" 113, " 35, 1st col., for " Marmorea " read " Marmorosa."

" 113, " 39, 1st col., for "Hoppfer " read " Hopffer."

" 113, " 41, 1st col., for " Achylodes " read " Achlyodes."

" 113, " 21' 2nd col., for "Mayo " read "Mago."

" 113, " 22, 2nd col., for " "

" 113, " 24, 2nd col., for " " "

" 113, " 44, 2nd col., for " " "

" 113, " 40, 2nd col., for " Cuxana " read " Cunaxa,"

" 113, '• 48, 2nd col., for " Syricthus " read " Syrictus."

" 113, " 58, /^d col., after "Zephodes" dele "Cr." and put in "Hubn."

" 1 14, " 6, for " Achylodes " read " Achlyodes."

" 114, " 24, for " Pasco " read " Paseo."

" 114, " 34, for " Amnon " read " Ammon."

" 1 14, " 35, for " Astinida " read " Astenida."

" 114, " 36, for " " "

" 114, " 37, for " Sumadus " read " Sumadue."

" 114, " 39, for " Endamus " read " Eudamus."

" 114, " 43, for " Jaqua " read " Jagua."

" 114, " 44, for " Nisoniadus " read " Nisoniades."

" 115, " 18, for " Libocedrus " read " Libocedri."

" 129, " 42, reverse " p " in " Gnophsla."

" 132, " 17, for "Endamus" read "Eudamus."

" 141, " 16, for " thoacic " read " thoracic."

" 142, " 32, for " thich " read " thick."

" 155, " 44, for "ocher" read " ochre."

" 156, " 45, for " Stecker " read " Strecker."

*' 157, " 19. for " " "

" 161, " 44, for "to far " read " too far."

" 163, " 22, for " Uniguga " read " Unijuga."

" 163, " 40, for

" 169, " 1 5, for " coccoon " read "cocoon.''

" 172, " 16, for " stigmota " read "stigmata."

" 172, " 30, tor " other " read "others,"

" 175. " 35, for " ochery " read " ochrey."

" 176, " 45, for "Copidryus" read " Copidryas."

" 182, " 17, for " obselete" read "obsolete,"

" 185, " 31, for "8 m. m." read " 16 m. m."

" 188, " 38, after " Exp. wings " add " 24 m. m."

" 189, " 32, for " tipulifornis " read " tipuliformis."

" 201, " 20,^ for " margin " read " margins."

" 204, " 25, for "opposite " read " between the eye and the light."

Note. — Subscribers are requested to notice that the whole of the paper on
Thecla Henrici, by W. H. Edwards, p. p. 150, 151, 152, has been reprinted, and
forwarded with No. 11. The corrected copy should be inserted in the place of
that m the body of the work.

244

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PLATE I.
Edtvardsia Brillians. Neum.

WINTER FORMS,

European.

1. Bryonies (Alps) $

2. Napi (Germany) $

American.

Bryony (Newfoundland)

Hulda (Alaska, &c.)

Venosa (California)... .

.. ?

.. $

?

Oleracea hyentalis (New York).. $
Borealis (Anticosti) $,

PL.^TE 2 AND 3.

SUMMER FORMS.
European.

3. NapcECE $

American.

10. Acadica (Newfoundland $

11. " " ?

12. Pallida (Vancouver's Island).. $

13. " " " .. ?

14. Cast or ia (California) $

15. Oleracea cestiva (New York) . . $

16. " " " ... S

17. Virginieftsis (Coalburgh,W.,Va. ?

18. " " " .$

PLA1 E 4.

1. I" yEgeria emphytiformis . .* Walk,

2. 2" " pleciaformis

3.3" " odyneripennis . ..

4. 4" " hylotomiformis\

5. 5" 5* " pyramidalis . . .\ .

6. 6" 6^ " sapygcpformis. .'. .
7.7" " geliformis.. . :

f