MONTANA STATE This «covoi" page added by the Internet Archive for formatting purposes Nl Isrcp 1988 STATUS REVIEW OF Cypripedium passerinum U.S. FOREST SERVICE - REGION 1 FLATHEAD AND LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FORESTS MONTANA Prepared by: J. Stephen Shelly, Botanist Montana Natural Heritage Program State Library Building 1515 E. 6th Avenue Helena, MT 59620 Order No. 40-03K0-8-238 December 1988 STATE DBCUMENTS COLLCCTi:: r'AR 1 " 1993 MONTANA STATE LIBrJA.^Y 1515 C. 6th AVE. HELENA, MONTANA 50C2O 01 rr \ ': r-Tv i f d iJ h This is an abridged report For the fUll report please contact: The Montana Natural Heritage Program 1515 E Sixth Ave Helena, Montana 59620 406-444-3009 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. SPECIES INFORMATION Page A. Classification 1 B. Present legal or other formal status 1 C. Description 2 D. Geographical distribution 3 E. Habitat 9 F. Population demography and biology 11 G. Population ecology 14 H. Land ownership (Montana) 15 II. ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS A. Threats to currently known populations (Montana) 16 B. Management practices and response 18 C. Recommendations for maintaining viable populations 18 D. Recommendations for further assessment 19 E. Summary 20 III. LITERATURE CITED 21 IV. ELEMENT OCCURRENCE PRINT-OUTS AND MAPS 22 V. PHOTOGRAPHS 4 6 SPECIES INFORMATION A. CLASSIFICATION 1. SCIENTIFIC NAME: Cypripedium passerinum Richardson. 2. SYNONYM: Cvpripedilum passerinum Pfitz. 3. COMMON NAME: Sparrow' s-egg Lady • s-slipper . 4. FAMILY: Orchidaceae (Orchid family). 5. GENUS: The genus Cypripedium contains between twenty and thirty species, distributed in temperate and cold regions of North America, Asia, and Europe (Williams and Williams 1983) . 6. SPECIES: Cypripedium passerinum is one of ten species in the genus occurring in North America north of Mexico (Williams and Williams 1983) . In Montana, it is one of four species reported for the genus; the other species include C. calceolus, C. fasciculatum. and C. montanum (Dorn 1984) . B. PRESENT LEGAL OR OTHER FORMAL STATUS 1. FEDERAL STATUS a. U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE: None. b. U.S. FOREST SERVICE: Cypripedium passerinum is currently included on the list of sensitive plant species for Region 1 (Northern Region) of the U.S. Forest Service. Agency objectives and policy in the 1984 Forest Service Manual provide for the management and protection of sensitive species (Section 2670.32). Under these guidelines, the U.S. Forest Service is to "(a) void or minimize impacts to species whose viability has been identified as a concern" (2670.32.3). 2. STATE: Cypripedium passerinum is currently listed by the Montana Natural Heritage Program (Shelly 1988) as "imperiled in the state" (state rank = S2) . It is listed as "rare" in Montana (limited to a restricted geographic range, or occurring sparsely in restricted habitats over a wider area) by the Montana Rare Plant Project (Lesica et al. 1984) . These state ranks do not currently provide any direct legal protection for C. passerinum. However, through its inclusion on the Region 1 sensitive plant list, the species has legal protection under U.S. Forest Service agency policies (W. Ruediger, pers. comm.). C. DESCRIPTION 1. GENERAL NONTECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: Cypripedium passerinum is a perennial herb with steins which are mostly about 6-14 inches tall. These occur singly, or more often in clumps of up to 10 or 12 stems. The 3-5 leaves are alternately arranged along the stem, and are about 2-8 inches long, and 1-3 inches wide. The flowers are pale white in color, and are borne singly or in clusters of two or three at the tops of the stems. The lower petal is a distinctive pouch ("slipper") with an opening in the upper surface. This represents the lip petal, a distinguishing feature of the orchid family. The pouch is speckled on the inside with reddish-purple spots, and averages about h-1 inch long. In Montana, the plants are generally in flower from mid-June to early July. Fruiting occurs from July into early August. See Section V, p. 46, for color photos of plants and habitat. 2. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: Terrestrial, pubescent, herbaceous perennial; stems (1) 1.5-3.5 dm. tall, villose, leafy throughout; leaves 3-5, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, 6-20 cm. long, viscid-villose; flowers usually single (occasionally 2-3) , subtended and usually exceeded by a large green bract; sepals green, the upper one broad, rounded to slightly acute, 12-16 (up to 20) mm. long, the lower pair shorter, from united except at the tip to almost distinct (ours) ; petals white, oblong, rounded, and spreading, about 12-16 mm. long; lip obovate, 12-15 (20) mm. long, white with a few deep reddish-purple spots inside; staminodium petaloid and showy, elliptic-cordate, lobed at the base, white with reddish-purple dots, 4-6 mm. long; ovary subsessile, thick; 2N=20 (adapted from Hitchcock et al. 1969; Williams and Williams 1983) . 3. LOCAL FIELD CHARACTERS: Of the four species of Cypripedium reported for Montana, only two have lip petals that are white: C. montanum and C. passerinum. Although the former species was observed frequently during field surveys in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Area, it is easily distinguished by its long, twisted, brownish- purple sepals; in addition, the lip petal of C. montanum is not spotted inside, although it may have some purple veins at the base. Cypripedium passerinum has short, flattened, greenish sepals, and the lip is speckled with reddish-purple spots inside. The two are also ecologically distinct; C. montanum occurs in dry to fairly moist, open to shaded upland coniferous forests, while C. passerinum occurs in moist seepage areas, riparian zones, and on the margins of sphagnum bogs. Hitchcock et al. (1969) state that the "...plants of Montana are larger-leaved and larger-flowered than those seen from farther north, and their flowers seem to have the lower sepals more nearly distinct. " D. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 1. RANGE: Cypripedium passerinum is mainly a boreal species, distributed from Alaska and the Yukon east to Quebec and the southern end of Hudson Bay, and extending south to southeastern British Columbia, northwestern Montana, and the Lake Superior region (Hitchcock et al. 1969; Williams and Williams 1983). It is "...one of the very few members of the orchid family that grows within the Arctic Circle" (Luer 1975) . The species is known to occur on the Flathead and Lewis & Clark national forests, in Region 1 (Northern Region) of the U.S. Forest Service; this is the only area where it is found in the lower 48 United States. The distribution of C. passerinum in Montana is shown in Figure 1, p. 4. The exact locations are indicated on the maps provided in Section IV, pp. 35-45. 2. CURRENT SITES (MONTANA): Cypripedium passerinum is documented from ten sites: one is in Glacier National Park, four are in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Area, and five are in the Front Range mountains east of the wilderness boundary. One additional unverified location has been reported, also in the Front Range mountains. The locations of these sites, including the legal descriptions, latitude and longitude, elevations, and USGS topographic quadrangle names, are provided in Table 1, p. 5. These are subdivided to indicate those sites which occur wholly or partially on U.S. Forest Service lands (Table lA) , and the site which occurs on lands not managed by the U.S. Forest Service (Table IB) . Field surveys were conducted by the author on 20 June-1 July, and 12 July, 1988. Assistance with field research was CO 4.) c n •1^ I c o u 4-> 0) TABLE 1A. Cypripediurti passerinum locations wholly or partially occurring on U.S. Forest Service lands, Montana. Occurrence number: 002 Site name: GREEN TIMBER BASIN CCXINTY: LEWIS & CLARK Township & Range: 021N009W Section: 15 Subsection/ additional sections: W2NW4,16E2NE4 Latitude: 473441 Longitude: 1124515 Elevation: 5130 USGS Quad: PATRICKS BASIN Location: ROCKY MOUNTAIN FRONT RANGE, GREEN TIMBER BASIN, CA. 1.7 AIR MILES SOUTH OF GIBSON DAM. Occurrence number: 003 Site name: BUTCHER MOUNTAIN MEADOWS COUNTY: POWELL Township & Range: 020N013W Section: 15 Subsection/additional sections: NW4,SW4NE4,N2SE4 Latitude: 472936 Longitude: 1131422 Elevation: 4740 USGS Quad: PILOT PEAK Location: BOB MARSHALL WILDERNESS AREA, "BUTCHER MOUNTAIN MEADOWS", 0.3-1.0 MI. WEST OF SOUTH FORK FLATHEAD RIVER, ADJACENT TO BIG PRAIRIE. Occurrence number: 004 Site name: WHITE RIVER COUNTY: POWELL Township & Range: 021N013W Section: 14 Subsection/ additional sections: SE4SW4 Latitude: 473410 Longitude: 1131417 Elevation: 4560 USGS Quad: HAYSTACK MOUNTAIN Location: BOB MARSHALL WILDERNESS AREA, SOUTH SIDE OF WHITE RIVER, 2.15 AIR MILES WSW OF CONFLUENCE OF SOUTH FORK AND MAIN STEM, CA. 3 AIR MILES EAST OF SOUTH FORK FLATHEAD RIVER. Occurrence number: 005 Site name: MUD LAKE COUNTY: FLATHEAD Township & Range: 022N014W Section: 25 Subsection/ additional sections: E2 Latitude: 473819 Longitude: 1131953 Elevation: 4360 USGS Quad: PAGODA MOUNTAIN Location: BOB MARSHALL WILDERNESS AREA, SOUTH FORK FLATHEAD RIVER DRAINAGE, EAST SIDE OF HUD LAKE, CA. 13.5 AIR MILES SSE OF MEADOW CREEK TRAILHEAD. Occurrence number: 006 Site name: BLACKTAIL GULCH COUNTY: TETON Township & Range: 022N009W Section: 28 Subsection/additional sections: SE4 Latitude: 473747 Longitude: 1124526 Elevation: 4960 USGS Quad: ARSENIC MOUNTAIN Location: ROCKY MOUNTAIN FRONT RANGE, BLACKTAIL GULCH, CA. 1.1 MILES NORTH OF TRAILHEAD ON BLACKTAIL GULCH TRAIL (#223), CA. 2 MILES NORTH OF GIBSON DAM. TABLE 1A. (cont.). Occurrence number: 007 Site name: DRY FORK LANGE CREEK COUNTY: LEWIS & CLARK Township & Range: 021N010U Section: 12 Subsection/additional sections: E2SE2 Latitude: 473509 Longitude: 1124919 Elevation: 5700 USGS Quad: PATRICKS BASIN Location: ROCKY MOUNTAIN FRONT RANGE, DRY FORK LANGE CREEK DRAINAGE, 1.3 AIR MILES SSE OF LANGE FALLS, 0.97 AIR MILES EAST OF LANGE CREEK. Occurrence nunber: 008 Site name: BIG PRAIRIE BRIDGE COUNTY: POWELL Township & Range: 020N013U Section: 10 Subsection/additional sections: NW4 Latitude: 473021 Longitude: 113U36 Elevation: A600 USGS Quad: HAYSTACK MOUNTAIN Location: BOB MARSHALL WILDERNESS AREA, SOUTH SIDE OF SOUTH FORK FLATHEAD RIVER, JUST WEST OF BIG PRAIRIE PACK BRIDGE. Occurrence number: 010 Site name: CLARY COULEE COUNTY: TETON Township & Range: 02SN009W Section: 25 Subsection/additional sections: NE4 Latitude: 475343 Longitude: 1124210 Elevation: 5600 USGS Quad: CAVE MOUNTAIN Location: ROCKY MOUNTAIN FRONT RANGE, CLARY COULEE, ALONG TRAIL (#177) CA. 0.8 MILE NORTH OF NORTH FORK TETON RIVER. Occurrence number: Oil Site name: NORTH FORK BIRCH CREEK COUNTY: PONDERA Township & Range: 028N010W Section: 28 Subsection/ additional sections: N2 Latitude: 480928 Longitude: 1125404 Elevation: 5040 USGS Quad: SWIFT RESERVOIR Location: ROCKY MOUNTAIN FRONT RANGE, NORTH FORK BIRCH CREEK, 0.1 AIR MILE SSW. OF CONFLUENCE WITH HAYWOOD CREEK, NEAR WEST END OF SWIFT RESERVOIR. Occurrence number: 012 Site name: STRAIGHT CREEK COUNTY: LEWIS & CLARK Township & Range: 020N010W Section: 16 Subsection/addi tional sections: 34 Latitude: 472851 Longitude: 1125256 Elevation: 5400 USGS Quad: BENCHMARK, WOOD LAKE Location: ROCKY MOUNTAIN FRONT RANGE, STRAIGHT CREEK, CA. 1/2 MILE OR LESS SOUTH OF BENCHMARK TRAILHEAD, AND CA. 3 MILES SOUTH OF TRAILHEAD, ON TRAIL #212. TABLE IB. Cypripedium passer inum location on lands not managed by the U.S. Forest Service, Montana. Occurrence number: 001 Site name: KISHENEHN SPRUCE SUAMP COUNTY: FLATHEAD Township & Range: 037N021W Section: 07 Subsection/ additional sections: SE4 Latitude: 485843 Longitude: 1142209 Elevation: 4200 uses Quad: KINTLA LAKE Location: GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, CA. 1 AIR HI. S. OF KISHENEHN CREEK, 0.6 AIR HI. NU. OF STARVATION CREEK, CA. 2.4 AIR HI. NW. OF KINTLA LAKE. provided by Angela Evenden, Maria Ash, Wayne Phillips and Dana Field (U.S. Forest Service), Lisa Schassberger (Montana Natural Heritage Program) , and Gary Lund. Throughout this report, the three-digit occurrence numbers are indicated in parentheses after the site names; these correspond to the occurrence numbers provided in the tables and computer print- outs. 3. HISTORICAL SITES (MONTANA): One historical location of C. passerinum is documented by a voucher specimen. This collection was made in 1894, in the vicinity of Columbia Falls (Flathead County) . It is unknown whether the species is still extant in this area. The location information is so vague that the record is not mapped on the Natural Heritage Program topographic maps. The existing information is contained in the computer print-out (p. 31, occurrence no. 009) . 4. SITES NOT RECENTLY SURVEYED (MONTANA): Cypripedium passerinum has been documented from one site in Glacier National Park. This occurrence was studied by Peter Lesica in 1983. The location, legal description, latitude and longitude, elevation, and USGS topographic quadrangle name for this site is provided in Table IB, p. 7. 5. UNVERIFIED/UNDOCUMENTED REPORTS (MONTANA): Cypripedium passerinum has been reported in the Straight Creek drainage in the Front Range; a photograph of a plant in late flower was identified by Wayne Phillips (pers. comm.). The exact location is unknown, and the site should be verified in 1989. The existing information is contained in the computer print-out (p. 34, occurrence no. 012) . 6. AREAS SURVEYED BUT SPECIES NOT LOCATED: Field surveys on the Lewis & Clark National Forest in 1988 emphasized thorough searches along tributaries of the Sun River in the Front Range. Drainages which were surveyed on foot, but in which no sites for C. passerinum were found, include: a. Cutreef Creek (T21N, R9W, Sections 26, 27, 35, 36) . b. Leavitt Creek (T21N, R9W, Sections 8, 17). c. Mortimer Gulch (T22N, R9W, Sections 9, 16, 21, 28, 33) d. Patricks Basin (downstream along Lange Creek from Stovepipe Creek; T21N, RlOW, Sections 11, 13, 14). e. Stovepipe Creek (T21N, RlOW, Sections 13, 24; T21N, R9W, Section 18) . No suitable habitat, aside from the Mud Lake, White River, and Butcher Mountain Meadow sites in the South Fork Flathead River drainage, was observed in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Area. Moist forests and meadow areas were searched in the vicinity of Big Prairie (lower Cayuse Creek), but no populations were found. HABITAT ASSOCIATED VEGETATION: In Montana, Cvpripedium passerinum is found in moist mossy seepage areas, along stream shores, and in the ecotonal margins of sphagnum bogs, often in full or partial shade of coniferous trees. The sites are most typically associated with forests of Picea enqelmannii (Engelmann Spruce) ; in some areas it also occurs with Pinus contorta (Lodgepole Pine) . Additional frequently associated plants, which include a large number of other orchid species, include: Angelica arquta (Sharptooth Angelica) Carex aurea (Golden Sedge) Carex dioica (= C. gynocrates; Yellow-bog Sedge) Carex disperma (Softleaved Sedge) Carex interior (Inland Sedge) Corallorhiza trif ida (Yellow Coral-root) Cornus canadensis (Bunchberry) Cornus stolonifera (Red Osier Dogwood) Disporum trachycarpum (Wartberry Fairy-bell) Equisetum arvense (Field Horsetail) Equisetum scirpoides (Sedgelike Horsetail) Galium boreale (Northern Bedstraw) Habenaria dilatata (White Bog-orchid) Habenaria hyperborea (Northern Green Bog-orchid) Habenaria obtusata (Blunt-leaf Rein-orchid) Ledum glandulosum (Trapper's Tea) Linnaea borealis (Western Twinflower) Listera borealis (Northern Twayblade) Listera convallarioides (Broad-lipped Twayblade) Mitella nuda (Bare-stemmed Mitrewort) Orchis rotundifolia (Round-leaved Orchis) Osmorhiza chilensis (Mountain Sweet-root) 10 Pvrola uniflora (Woodnymph) Salix scouleriana (Scouler Willow) Smilacina stellata (Starry Solomon-plume) Streptopus amplexifolius (Clasping-leaved Twisted- stalk) Symphoricarpos albus (Common Snowberry) Thalictrum occidentale (Western Meadowrue) The co-occurrence of Orchis rotundifolia with C. passerinum at many sites, owing to similar ecological requirements, should be emphasized. Both species are U.S. Forest Service Region 1 sensitive species, and careful management will be needed to protect the following sites where the two species occur together: Blacktail Gulch (006) Butcher Mountain Meadows (003) Clary Coulee (010) Dry Fork Lange Creek (007) Green Timber Basin (002) North Fork Birch Creek (Oil) White River (004) 2. TOPOGRAPHY: In Montana, populations of C. passerinum are most often found on gently sloping areas, varying from approximately 0-10% slope. It was found on all aspects. The known sites in Montana range from 1280 m. (4200 ft.) to 1740 m. (5700 ft.) in elevation. 3. SOIL RELATIONSHIPS: All of the known sites for C. passerinum in Montana occur in areas with calcareous substrates. The soils are typically weathered from beds of the Madison Limestone formation, especially in the Rocky Mountain Front Range (Veseth and Montagne 1980) . The most important feature of all known sites appears to be semi-permanent water seepage near the surface. Cvpripedium passerinum is often found on moist, mossy hummocks in these seepage zones. 4. REGIONAL CLIMATE: The climate of northwestern Montana west of the Continental Divide can generally be classified as moist and temperate, while the Front Range is more likely to be influenced by cold, dry continental air masses. For the distributional area of C. passerinum in Montana, the nearest climatological stations are located at Gibson Dam (1399 m. (4590 ft.)) and Hungry Horse Dam (963 m. (3160 ft.)). Data for the period 1951-1980 are provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce (1982). At Gibson Dam, the mean annual precipitation was 11 47.04 cm. (18.52 in.); the mean annual temperature was 5.4°C (41. 7° F), the mean January minimum was -11.6°C (11.2°F), and the mean July maximum was 25.5''C (77.9°F). At Hungry Horse Dam, the mean annual precipitation was 85.09 cm. (33.50 in.); the mean annual temperature was 6.1°C (43.0°F), the mean January minimum was -9.7°C (14.6''F), and the mean July maximum was 26.8°C (80.2''F). F. POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY AND BIOLOGY 1. PHENOLOGY: In Montana, C. passerinum typically begins blooming during the second week of June; peak flowering was observed at the end of the third week in June. Some flowers persist until the first week of July, but the species then goes out of bloom rapidly. Fruiting extends from late June into late July or early August. 2. POPULATION SIZE AND CONDITION: Because C. passerinum is capable of spreading vegetatively, and can give rise to clusters of stems from the same rootstock, it is difficult to meaningfully estimate the number of distinct individuals in the field. Thus, estimates or exact counts of the number of stems were made for the Montana populations observed in 1988. Populations ranged in size from eight to approximately 1200 stems; these contain from one to four subpopulations. The average number of stems per population observed to date is approximately 380; the total number of stems observed in Montana to date is approximately 3000. Two of the four populations in the Bob Marshall Wildernes Area were the largest studied (004, 005), each containing approximately 1200 stems. The smallest sites were in the Front Range, outside the wilderness boundary (002, 006, 007). The smallest of these (Dry Fork Lange Creek (007)) consisted of eight stems in 1988. Details regarding population size and condition are summarized in Table 2. 3. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY a. TYPE OF REPRODUCTION: Two methods of reproduction are known to occur commonly in the Orchidaceae: vegetative spread, and sexual production of seeds (Williams and Williams 1983) . Cypripedium passerinum is capable of both types of reproduction. b. POLLINATION BIOLOGY: Most orchid species rely on insects, especially members of the Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, for pollination 12 TABLE 2. Population size and condition, Cvpripedium passerinum. Montana. Occurrence number: 001 Site name: KISHENEHN SPRUCE SWAMP Acreage: 2 Population size and condition: CA. 150 STEMS; SITE IS UNDISTURBED EXCEPT FOR A NEARBY, LITTLE-USED TRAIL. Occurrence number: 002 Site name: GREEN TIMBER BASIN Acreage: 2 Population size and condition: 160 STEMS COUNTED, 11 FLOWERING; 52 RELOCATED ON 88-08-04 AS LIVE PLANTS, BUT MANY OTHERS HAD BEEN GRAZED OR BROKEN BY TRAMPLING; DRAINAGE WAS PARTIALLY LOGGED IN THE PAST, AND IS CURRENTLY GRAZED DURING MID-LATE SUMMER. Occurrence ntiifcer: 003 Site name: BUTCHER MOUNTAIN MEADOWS Acreage: 15 Population size and condition: 287 STEMS COUNTED, IN 4 SUBPOPULATIONS; EST. 300-350 STEMS TOTAL. Occurrence mjiber: 004 Site name: WHITE RIVER Acreage: 4 Population size and condition: CA. 1200 STEMS OBSERVED. IN MANY LARGE CLUSTERS; SOME HABITAT NEAR WEST END OF SITE HAS BEEN INFLUENCED BY A SMALL LANDSLIDE. Occurrence nutfcer: 005 Site name: MUD LAKE Acreage: 5 Population size and condition: EST. 1000-1200 STEMS, CA. 500-600 INDIVIDUALS; TWO SUBPOPULATIONS, CA. 500-600 STEMS IN EACH; PACK TRAIL TRAVERSES NORTHWEST PORTION OF BOG MEADOW, CA. 0.25 MILES FROM SITE. Occurrence nunber: 006 Site name: BLACKTAIL GULCH Acreage: 2 Population size and condition: CA. 66 STEMS COUNTED (CA. 37 VEGETATIVE, 26 IN FRUIT OR POST-FLOWERING, 3 FLOWERING); AREA APPEARS TO HAVE SLUMPED AROUND SPRING SEEPS. Occurrence number: 007 Site name: DRY FORK LANGE CREEK Acreage: 1 Population size and condition: EIGHT STEMS COUNTED (5 FRUITING, 3 VEGETATIVE); HABITAT CURRENTLY UNDISTURBED. 13 TABLE 2. (cont.). Occurrence number: 008 Site name: BIG PRAIRIE BRIDGE Acreage: 1 Population size and condition: CA. 100 STEMS, IN A VERY SHALL STRIP AROUND THE RIVER'S EDGE (A FEW FEET WIDE TO 20 FEET LONG); FLOWERING STEMS INFREQUENT, BUT SITE FOUND LATE IN THE GROWING SEASON. Occurrence number: 009 Site name: COLUMBIA FALLS Acreage: 0 Population size and condition: UNKNOWN; SPECIMEN IN FLOWER. Occurrence number: 010 Site name: CLARY COULEE Acreage: 2 Population size and condition: 93 STEMS, 33 WITH CAPSULES; TWO SUBPOPULATIONS; SITE IS DIRECTLY ADJACENT TO HIKING TRAIL, AND A PORTION OF THE NORTHERNMOST SEEP HAS BEEN ALTERED BY IT. Occurrence number: Oil Site name: NORTH FORK BIRCH CREEK Acreage: 2 Population size and condition: 388 STEMS, 106 WITH CAPSULES; THREE SUBPOPULATIONS; NO GRAZING OCCURRING, BUT SITE IS NEAR TRAIL, WHICH COULD DESTABILIZE SLOPE. Occurrence number: 012 Site name: STRAIGHT CREEK Acreage: 0 Population size and condition: CA. 25 PLANTS (NORTH SITE), IN LATE FLOWER AND IMMATURE FRUIT; SIZE OF SOUTHERN POPULATION UNKNOWN. 14 and subsequent fertilization. In the Orchidaceae, the anthers, containing the pollen grains, are grouped in masses called pollinia. When insects visit the flowers, they come into contact with the viscidium, a sticky disk connected by a stalk to the pollinia. The viscidium adheres to the insect, taking with it the pollinia, which can then be carried on to another flower. However, in cases where a flower is not visited by an insect, the viscidium shrinks as the flower whithers, pulling the pollen masses away from the anthers to hang forward above the stigma. Wind movement is then sufficient to bring the pollen into contact with the stigma, and self- pollination is thus achieved (Williams and Williams 1983) . It is possible that self- pollination is prevalent in C. passerinum. as no insect visitors were observed during field surveys in 1988. SEED DISPERSAL AND BIOLOGY: Upon maturation of the capsules, the walls split upon drying to release the numerous seeds they contain. The seeds of orchids are very small, and are typically dispersed by wind. It is well known that most orchids rely on a symbiotic relationship with certain soil fungi (mycorrhizae) for effective seed germination and subsequent growth. If the necessary mycorrhizal fungi are lacking at a particular site, it is not likely that a species such as C. passerinum could become established there. Currently, some aspects of this relationship are being studied by Ales Suchomel, a botany student at the University of Montana. Specifically, his study will include the sowing of seeds onto artificially fungi-enriched substrates in the field, in sites which appear to be suitable habitat but which do not currently support the species. Comparisons with germination results on artificial media will be made. G. POPULATION ECOLOGY 1. BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS COMPETITION: Owing to its specialized habitat, C. passerinum would not possess strong competitive ability in other more densely vegetated areas to which it is not ecologically adapted. However, within the microhabitats 15 where it does occur, individuals are often found on small hummocks where cover of other herbaceous vegetation is fairly high; these sites are also often at least partially shaded by overhanging shrub and tree species. Thus, it appears that, within its own habitat, the species has some tolerance for interspecific competition. HERBIVORY: Field observations during 1988 did not indicate that C. passerinum is subject to heavy browsing by native herbivores. However, the Green Timber Basin (002) site is subject to livestock grazing each summer beginning in early July, and the area is moderately to heavily grazed. During surveys and establishment of a monitoring study by Dana Field (U.S. Forest Service) in 1988, 160 stems were observed on 11 July; on 4 August, only 52 live stems could be relocated, and many of the other plants had been bitten off or broken by grazing and trampling. The long-term effects of this activity should be closely monitored, to determine population trends. H. LAND OWNERSHIP The land ownership for the eleven occurrences currently known in Montana is given below. The exact locations are provided in Table 1, pp. 5-7. a. U.S. FOREST SERVICE: i. Flathead National Forest, Spotted Bear Ranger District, Bob Marshall Wilderness Area: Butcher Mountain Meadows (003) White River (004) Mud Lake (005) Big Prairie Bridge (008) ii. Lewis & Clark National Forest, Rocky Mountain Ranger District: Green Timber Basin (002) Blacktail Gulch (006) Dry Fork Lange Creek (007) Clary Coulee (010) North Fork Birch Creek (Oil) Straight Creek (012; unverified) 16 b. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR: i. National Park Service, Glacier National Park: Kishenehn Spruce Swamp (001) C. CURRENT STATUS UNKNOWN: Columbia Falls (009; historical record) II. ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS A. THREATS TO CURRENTLY KNOWN POPULATIONS (MONTANA) : Based on field observations in 1986 and 1988, populations of Cypripedium passerinum are potentially or currently threatened by i) grazing, ii) recreational activities, and iii) timber harvesting. The sites threatened by these activities are reviewed below: 1. GRAZING: The site that is currently being most impacted by livestock grazing is Green Timber Basin (002), on the Lewis & Clark National Forest. Cattle are turned into the area around 1 July each year, and they concentrate in the basin area in the old clear-cuts, as well as the forests in which Cypripedium passerinum mainly occurs. As discussed in Section I.G.l.b., grazing may be impacting this population. Two other sites in the Front Range, on the Lewis & Clark National Forest, are in areas which may be subject to grazing, but they do not currently appear to be threatened by this activity: Blacktail Gulch (006) Dry Fork Lange Creek (007) 2. RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES: Four populations studied in 1988 occur in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Area: Butcher Mountain Meadows (003) White River (004) Mud Lake (005) Big Prairie Bridge (008) None of these four sites appear to be seriously threatened by recreational use at this time, although the following observations were made. The Butcher Mountain Meadows area is lightly used by outfitters for hunting in the fall, well after the growing season (Maria Ash, pers. comm.); the Butcher Mountain trail (#133) does bisect the area, but it 17 is lightly-used, and does not pass within the immediate area of the bog meadows or the orchid subpopulations. If the meadows or adjacent forests were to be used for hunting camps, some impacts might occur. The White River site is along the south side of the river, adjacent to a trail which is no longer maintained; the current White River trail (#112) follows the north side. However, the south trail is still used occasionally by outfitters and U.S.F.S. personnel; it is becoming more difficult to use, because landslides have removed portions of the trail near the C. passerinum site. Although a portion of the habitat near the west end of the site may have been impacted by these slides, the majority of the riverbank habitat is intact and not easily accessible. The Mud Lake site occurs on the east side of the lake, in the ecotone between the bog mat and the adjacent forest. The northwest portion of the meadow associated with Mud Lake is traversed by the main South Fork Flathead River pack trail (#80), which is heavily used. The trail is actually about 0.4 km. from the nearest portion of the C. passerinum population, and the immediate site does not appear to be impacted at this time. The Big Prairie Bridge site is on the shore of the South Fork Flathead River, just west of the large wooden pack bridge over the river. Although a maintained trail does not follow the immediate shore of the river here, the area is used for fishing, and may occasionally be traversed on foot. In the Front Range, three populations (Blacktail Gulch (006) , Clary Coulee (010) , and North Fork Birch Creek (Oil)) are located near maintained trails. In Blacktail Gulch, the trail (#223) is a National Recreation Trail, and is fairly heavily used for hiking and horseback riding. The C. passerinum population is located along the east side of the trail about 1 mile north of the trailhead. Although it is directly adjacent to the trail, the site does not appear to be impacted at this time. The boggy seepage area is not easily traversed, and is thus not likely to be heavily impacted by trail use in the current situation. In Clary Coulee, the northernmost subpopulation of C. passerinum is partially traversed by a hiking trail (#177) . The trail is steep, and eroded in places to 3-5 m. wide (D. Field, U.S. Forest Service) . Trail relocation 18 may eventually be necessary here, to protect the seepage area. At the North Fork Birch Creek site, a hiking trail (#105) traverses all three seepage areas which contain C. passer inum. and could eventually lead to destabilization of the slope (D. Field, U.S. Forest Service) . The reported occurrence along Straight Creek (012) apparently consists of subpopulations that are close to the hiking trail (#212). The full extent of this occurrence, and the potential impacts from trail use, need to be more fully documented. 3. TIMBER HARVESTING: The only population known to have been impacted by timber harvest activity is the Green Timber Basin (002) site. In this area, some clearcutting has occurred adjacent to the existing orchid site, and it is possible that the population was partially removed by this activity. The forest which currently contains the population was selectively logged, and some direct impacts to individuals probably occurred as a result. The two other sites in the Front Range, outside the Bob Marshall Wilderness Area, which could potentially be impacted by timber harvesting include Blacktail Gulch (006) and Dry Fork Lange Creek (007) . However, it did not appear that such activities are imminent. B. MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND RESPONSE: Little detailed information exists regarding the response of C. passerinum to management practices such as grazing and timber harvesting. Owing to its specialized habitats and complex obligate interactions with soil mycorrhizal fungi, it is not likely that the species would respond favorably to such activities. Although the population in Green Timber Basin contained a maximum of 160 stems in 1988, it was probably larger in the past. Ecodata studies recently established at this location will be useful in obtaining a more detailed understanding of the species' response to disturbance. C. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MAINTAINING VIABLE POPULATIONS: The following recommendations are made to insure the long- term persistence of viable populations of C. passerinum on U.S. Forest Service lands in Montana: 1. Protection of natural habitats which currently support populations. Although afforded some degree of protection by wilderness designation, the four populations in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Area should be considered in any proposed recreational developments which may occur in the vicinity of the 19 known sites. The Butcher Mountain Meadows (003) and White River (004) populations are the largest known in Montana, and protection of these sites will be a very important part of maintaining viable populations in Region 1. Management plans on the Lewis & Clark National Forest should also take into consideration all known populations, especially Green Timber Basin (002) , Blacktail Gulch (006) , Clary Coulee (010) , and North Fork Birch Creek (Oil) ; although very small, the Dry Fork Lange Creek (007) site should also be considered in future planning. Further information is needed for the occurrence reported in Straight Creek (012) before recommendations can be made. 2 . Notification of U.S. Forest Service personnel of locations on U.S.F.S. lands. To prevent inadvertent impacts to known populations, all appropriate personnel involved in planning should be provided with detailed location information for C. passerinum. It is especially important that Ranger District timber sale managers, engineers, and range conservationists know the precise locations, so that disturbance may be prevented. D. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER ASSESSMENT 1 . Further surveys in potential habitats. Further field surveys may reveal the existence of additional populations in Montana, especially in the Front Range and Glacier National Park. Drainages in the Front Range which contain seepage zones in Picea enqelmannii forest types are particularly likely to support additional sites. Especially promising would be further surveys in the North Fork Birch Creek drainage, upstream from the known site. The reported occurrence in the Straight Creek drainage should be verified, and its full extent determined. Searches along the shores of the South Fork Flathead River, in the Bob Marshall Wildernes Area, might also be revealing. 2 . Establishment of monitoring studies to assess population condition and status. In order to more accurately determine the effects of habitat alteration on populations of C. passerinum. monitoring studies should be established in several locations, especially at Green Timber Basin (002) and North Fork Birch Creek (Oil) (note: ecodata plots were established at these sites in 1988) . Similar studies, if established in one of the large populations in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Area, would provide useful comparisons. The method outlined by Lesica (1987) is a good one for 20 obtaining data on both demographic trends and reproductive success, and could perhaps be combined with the ecodata plot studies. 3 . Cooperation in the seed germination studies being conducted. As discussed in Section I.F.3.C., seed germination ecology studies are being carried out by Ales Suchomel, a botany student at the University of Montana. These studies, in addition to providing important ecological data, will be useful in determining procedures for establishing populations in unoccupied habitat, should the need arise. E. SUMMARY: Cypripedium passerinum is an orchid species distributed broadly across boreal North America. It extends southward to northwestern Montana, where it has been found on the Flathead and Lewis & Clark national forests. The occurrences in Montana are the only ones known in the lower 48 United States, and include the southernmost localities known globally. It is currently listed as a sensitive species in Region 1 of the U.S. Forest Service. There are presently ten verified sites in Montana, nine of these occurring on national forest lands; there is also one unverified report on the Lewis & Clark National Forest. During field surveys on U.S. Forest Service lands in 1988, three previously known locations were verified, and six new occurrences were found. The two largest populations known in Montana were found in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Area. The smallest populations, which are also the most vulnerable to disturbance, are found in the Rocky Mountain Front Range. Owing to specialized habitat requirements and obligate relationships with soil fungi, the species does not appear to be one that would tolerate any severe habitat alteration. Management planning should take all Montana sites into consideration, in order to maintain viable populations on Region 1 lands. 21 III. LITERATURE CITED Dorn, R.D. 1984. Vascular Plants of Montana. Mountain West Publishing, Cheyenne, Wyoming. 276 pp. Hitchcock, C.L., A. Cronquist, and M. Ownbey. 1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest, Part 1. University of Washington Press, Seattle. 914 pp. Lesica, P., G. Moore, K.M. Peterson, and J.H. Rumely. 1984. Vascular Plants of Limited Distribution in Montana. Monograph No. 2, Montana Academy of Sciences, Supplement to the Proceedings, Vol. 43. 61 pp. Lesica, P. 1987. A technique for monitoring nonrhizomatous, perennial plant species in permanent belt transects. Natural Areas Journal 7: 65-68. Luer, C.A. 1975. The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. 3 61 pp. Shelly, J.S. 1988. Plant Species of Special Concern. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena. 12 pp. (mimeo) . U.S. Department of Commerce. 1982. Monthly Normals of Temperature, Precipitation, and Heating and Cooling Degree Days 1951-80. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climatography of the United States No. 81. 23 pp. Veseth, R. , and C. Montagne. 1980. Geologic Parent Materials of Montana Soils. Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Montana State University, and U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service, Bulletin 721. 117 pp. Williams, J.G., and A.E. Williams. 1983. Field Guide to Orchids of North America. Universe Books, New York. 14 3 pp. 22 IV. ELEMENT OCCURRENCE PRINT-OUTS AND MAPS (PP. 23-45) 23 ELEMENT OCCURRENCE RECORD 3C0DE : PI1ORC0Q0A0 . 00 1 ^ME: CYPRIPEDIUM PASSER I NUM DMNAME: SPARROW ' S-EGB LADY'S-SLIPPER ^RGNUM: 1 TENTEN: 1,2 I DENT: Y EORANK : JRVEYSITE: KISHENEHN SPRUCE SWAMP DRANKCOMM: JRVEYDATE: 1983-07-01 LASTOBS: 1983-07-01 FIRSTOBS: ^ANK: S2 STATE: MT COUNTYNAME: MTFLAT JADCODE: ^811^83 JADNAME: KINTLA LAKE PRECISION: ^J: ^+858^3 LONG: 11^2209 S: 0 N: 0 E: 0 DWNRANGE: 037N021W SECTION: 07 MERIDIAN: PR TRSCOMM 1983 GRANK; SC U: SE^ G^G5 HYSPROV: NR WATERSHED: 17010206 RIVERREACH: IRECTIONS: GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, CA. 1 AIR MI. S. OF KISHENEHN CREEK, 0.6 AIR MI. NW. OF STARVATION CREEK, CA. 2.'» AIR MI. NW. OF KINTLA LAKE. SPRUCE SWAMP WITH HUMMOCKS AND HOLLOWS, WITH STANDING WATER IN THE HOLLOWS, AND ELEMENT & OTHER VEGETATION ON HUMMOCKS I SEEPY AREA, PROBABLY CALCAREOUS (CONT.). ^200 SIZE: 2 CA. 150 STEMS; GENDESC. (CONT.): WITH PICE A ENGELMANNII, POPULUS TRICHOCARPA, SAL IX SP., CORNUS STOLON I FERA, EQUISETUM ARVENSE, VIOLA NEPHROPHYLLA I SITE IS UNDISTURBED EXCEPT FOR A NEARBY, LITTLE-USED TRAIL. OMMENTS: VOUCHER-DeSANTO , J., 1980, GNP. ENDESC: LEV: QDATA: lACODEl FNPNPGLACIMTUS CONTAINEDl Y MAC0DE2: C0NTAINED2: 1AC0DE3: lOREMGMT: F SITECODE: ;ITENAME: WNER: GLACIER NATIONAL PARK )WNERCOMM: ROTCOMM: 1GMTC0MM: ION I TOR: JESTSOURCEi C0NTAINED3; ADLMAS: MORELAN! MOREPROTi 30URCEC0DE; MONITORNUM: LESICA, PETER. DIV. OF BIOLOGY, UNIV. OF MONTANA, MISSOULA, MT 59812. PNDLES01MTUS S80DESGPMTUS }ATASENS: N BOUNDARIESi fRANSCRIBR: 86-0^-08 JSS JPDATE: 88-11-22 JSS N PHOTOS: N OWNER INFO: CDREV: Y MAPPER: 86-0'»-08 JSS QC: 24 ELEMENT OCCURRENCE RECORD DCODE : PMORC0Q0A0 . 00S AME: CYPRIPEDIUM PASSER I NUM 3MNAME: SPARROWS-EGG LADY'S-SLIPPER ARGNUM: JRVEYSITE QRANKCOMIi URVEYDATE RANK : Sa UADCODE : UADNAME: I DENT: EORANK : BC 3 TENTEN: 10,^ GREEN TIMBER BASIN MODERATE-SIZED POPULATION, IN PARTIALLY DISTURBED HABITAT. 1988-07-11 LASTOBS: 1988-08-0«» FIRSTOBS: 19<»8 GRANK ; STATE: MT COUNTYNAME: MTLEWI 4711357 PATRICKS BASIN PRECISION: SC 64GS AT: 4734'»1 LONG: OWNRANGE : 0aiN009W 1124515 S: SECTION: 15 0 N: 0 E: 0 MERIDIAN: PR TRSCOMM: M: WaNW4,16E2NE HYSPROV: NR WATERSHED: 10030104 RIVERREACH: IRECTIONS: ROCKY MOUNTAIN FRONT RANGE, GREEN TIMBER BASIN, CA. 1.7 AIR MILES SOUTH OF GIBSON DAM. ENDESC: LEV: ODATA: OMf MMENTSi MOIST, WELL-DRAINED HUMMOCKS AND EDGES OF COLD, CALCAREOUS SEEPS, UNDER SHADE OF YOUNG SPRUCE! W/ ORCHIS ROTUNDI FOLIA, LISTERA BOREALIS, EQUISETUM SCIRPOIDES, PYROLA UN I FLORA. 5130 SIZE: a 160 STEMS COUNTED, 11 FLOWERING; 53 RELOCATED ON 88-08-04 AS LIVE PLANTS, BUT MANY OTHERS HAD BEEN GRAZED OR BROKEN BY TRAMPLING; DRAINAGE WAS PARTIALLY LOGGED IN THE PAST, AND IS CURRENTLY GRAZED DURING MID-LATE SUMMER. VOUCHERS - MEHRHOFF, L.A. (7845), 1978, MONTU; HITCHCOCK & (318800), WTU. Y MAC0DE2: FFSNFLEWI9MTUS C0NTAINED2: MUHLICK (18031), 1948, RM FFSPLGREE 1 MTUS CONT A I NE D 1 : C0NTAINED3; ADLMAS: 1AC0DE1 Y 1AC0DE3: 1GREMGMT : F SI TECODE : HTENAME: )WNER: LEWIS 8. CLARK NATIONAL FOREST 3WNERC0MM: ROTCOMM: GREEN TIMBER BASIN-BEAVER CREEK PROPOSED NNL 1GMTC0MM: ION I TOR: 3ESTS0URCE: FIELD, DANA. MORELAN: MOREPROT MONITORNUM: 30URCEC0DE: PNDFIE01MTUS PNDSHE01MTUS PNDJOH01MTUS F88SHE05MTUS PNDPHI01MTUS F86SHE07MTUS S78MEHUMMTUS PNDPIE01MTUS JATASENS: N BOUNDARIES: Y PHOTOS: N OWNER INFO: TRANSCRIBR: 86-04-30 JSS CDREV: Y MAPPER: 86-04-30 JSS QC: Y JPDATE: 88-11-22 JSS 25 ELEMENT OCCURRENCE RECORD QCODE : PMDRC0Q0A0 . 003 AME: CYPRIPEDIUM PASSERINUM OMNAME: SPARROW ' S-ESB LADY'S-SLIPPER ARGNUM: URVEYSITE ORANKCOMM URVEYDATE RANK: Sa UADCODE: UADNAME: 2 TENTEN: 1,1 I DENT: Y BUTCHER MOUNTAIN MEADOWS FAIRLY LARGE POPULATION, EXCELLENT 1988-06-22 LASTOBS: 1988-06-22 EORANK : HABITAT. FIRSTOBS: 1986 GRANK: 6^65 STATE; <:f7113'»2 PILOT PEAK MT COUNT YN AME: MTPDWE AT: ^72936 LONG: OUJNRANGE: 020N013W SE<» HYSPROV: NR 'I RECTI DNS: 1131^22 S: SECTION: WATERSHED: '♦72917 15 17010209 N : ^729^*8 MERIDIAN: PRECISION: E: 1131^01 PR TRSCOMM; SC W: 1131^46 NW^,SW4NE^,N .ENDESC: :lev: ODATA: OMMENTS; 1AC0DE1 : Y 1AC0DE3: 10REMGMT : F 3ITENAME: IWNER : FLATHEAD 3WNERC0MM: 'ROTCOMM: 1GMTC0MM: ION I TOR: 3ESTS0URCE RIVERREACH: 1701020908500.00 BOB MARSHALL WILDERNESS AREA, "BUTCHER MOUNTAIN MEADOWS", 0.3-1.0 MI. WEST OF SOUTH FORK FLATHEAD RIVER, ADJACENT TO BIG PRAIRIE. MOIST, MOSSY AREAS ON EDGES OF BOGS; UNDER PICE A ENGELMANNII, AND IN MORE OPEN SAL IX AND LEDUM GLANDULOSUM SHRUB I WITH ORCHIS ROTUNDI FOLIA, EQUISETUM ARVENSE, (CONT.) ^7^0 SIZE: 15 287 STEMS COUNTED, IN 'f SUBPOPULATIONS; EST. 300-350 STEMS TOTAL . GENDESC (CONT.)» HABENARIA OBTUSATA, STREPTOPUS AMPLEXIFOLIUS, CAREX AUREA, MITELLA NUDA, SMILACINA. VOUCHER-SHELLY, J.S. (1467), M. ASH 8. A. MONTU. Y MAC0DE2: EVENDEN, 1988, FFSWABOBMIMTUS CONTAINEDl FFSNFFLAT4MTUS CONTA I NED2 : C0NTAINED3! ADLMAS: MORELAN: MOREPROT: SITECQDE: NATIONAL FOREST 30URCEC0DE: MONITORNUM: SHELLY, J.S. 1988. FIELD SURVEYS IN BOB MARSHALL WILDERNESS AREA OF 20-26 JUNE. F88SHE04MTUS PNDSHE01MTUS PNDASH01MTUS PNDEVE01MTUS S88SHEUMMTUS DATASENS: N BOUNDARIES: Y PHOTOS: Y OWNER INFO: rRANSCRIBR: 87-07-20 JEB CDREV: Y MAPPER: 87-07-23 JEG JPDATE: 88-11-22 JSS QC: 26 JCOD ELEMENT OCCURRENCE RECORD JCDDE : PMORC0Q0A0 . 00^ ^ME: CYPRIPEDIUM PASSER I NUM JMNAME: SPARROW ' S-EGB LADY'S-SLIPPER ^RGNUh: JRVEYSITE DRANKCOMM JRVEYDATE ^ANK : S2 JADCODE: JADNAME: 1»5 I DENT: EORANK: 19^9 6RANK! ^T: ^73^10 LONG: DUINRANGE: 021N013W 1 TENTEN: WHITE RIVER LARGE POPULATION, IN REMOTE UNDISTURBED AREA. 1988-06-S3 LASTOBS: 1988-06-S3 FIRSTOBS: STATE: MT COUNTYNAME: MTPOWE <^7 11352 HAYSTACK MOUNTAIN PRECISION: 1131^17 S: ^73^08 N: ^73^*12 E: 1131^12 SECTION: 1^ MERIDIAN: PR TRSCOMM: G^GS 5C W: 1131<»30 SE^SW^ HYSPROV: NR WATERSHED: 17010209 RIVERREACH: 170102091 1 '♦00. 00 IRECTIONS: BOB MARSHALL WILDERNESS AREA, SOUTH SIDE OF WHITE RIVER, 2.15 AIR MILES WSW OF CONFLUENCE OF SOUTH FORK AND MAIN STEM, CA. 3 AIR MILES EAST OF SOUTH FORK FLATHEAD RIVER. SHADED TO OPEN BANK ALONG RIVER, IN MOIST MOSSY AREAS; WITH PICE A ENGELMANNII, EQUISETUM ARVENSE, HABENARIA HYPERBOREA, LINNAEA BOREALIS, ORCHIS ROTUNDI FOLIA, PYROLA UN I FLORA. 4560 SIZE: 4 CA. 1200 STEMS OBSERVED, IN MANY LARGE CLUSTERS? SOME HABITAT NEAR WEST END OF SITE HAS BEEN INFLUENCED BY A SMALL LANDSLIDE. ENDESC: LEV: ODATA mr MENTS; VOUCHER-SHELLY, J.S. (1477), A. EVENDEN, 8. M. ASH, 1988, MONTUI PROBABLE RELOCATION OF FFSWABOBMIMTUS CONTAINEDl: Y C0NTAINED3: ACODEl : Y AC0DE3: lOREMGMT: F SITECODE: ITENAME: WNER: FLATHEAD NATIONAL FOREST IWNERCOMM: ROTCOMM: IGMTCOMM: ON I TOR: JESTSOURCE: 1949 SITING (SEE GMF, EF). MAC0DE2: FFSNFFLAT4MTUS C0NTAINED2; ADLMAS: MORELAN: MOREPROT : 30URCEC0DE: )ATASENS: N rPANSCRIBR: MONITORNUM: SHELLY, J.S. 1988. FIELD SURVEYS IN BOB MARSHALL WILDERNESS AREA OF 20-26 JUNE. F88SHE04MTUS PNDSHE01MTUS PNDEVE01MTUS PNDASH01MTUS S88SHEUMMTUS U74KRA01MTUS BOUNDARIES: Y PHOTOS: Y OWNER INFO: 88-08-08 JSS CDREV: Y MAPPER: 88-08-08 JSS QC: Y JPDATE: 88-11-22 JSS 27 ELEMENT OCCURRENCE RECORD OCODE : PMORC0Q0A0 . 005 lAME: CYPRIPEDIUM PASSERINUM OMNAME: SPARROWS-EGG LADY ' S-SL I PPER lARGNUM : ;URVEYSITE :ORANKCOMM 3URVEYDATE ;RANK : S2 iUADCODE: 5UADNAME: ^,9 I DENT: EORANK: A G^GS 1 TENTEN: MUD LAKE EXCELLENT LARGE POPULATION, VIRTUALLY UNDISTURBED HABITAT. 1988-06-21 LASTOBS: 1988-06-21 FIRSTOBS: 1988 GRANK: STATE: MT COUNTYNAME: MTFLAT 4711363 PAGODA MOUNTAIN PRECISION: SC AT: 473819 LONG: 1131953 S: 473759 N: 473822 E: 1131952 W: 1131958 OWNRANGE: 022N014W SECTION: 25 MERIDIAN: PR TRSCOMM: E2 ^HYSPROV: NR WATERSHED: 17010209 RIVERREACH: 1701020906800.00 )IRECTIONS: BOB MARSHALL WILDERNESS AREA, SOUTH FORK FLATHEAD RIVER DRAINAGE, EAST SIDE OF MUD LAKE, CA. 13.5 AIR MILES SSE OF MEADOW CREEK TRAILHEAD. MARGIN OF PICEA ENGELMANNI I/EQUISETUM ARVENSE FOREST TYPE, IN ECOTONE WITH BOG MEADOW; WITH MITELLA NUDA, CAREX AUREA, CORNUS CANADENSIS, HABENARIA SPP. 4360 SIZE: 5 EST. 1000-1200 STEMS, CA. 500-600 INDIVIDUALS; TWO SUBPOPULATIONS, CA. 500-600 STEMS IN EACH; PACK TRAIL TRAVERSES NORTHWEST PORTION OF BOG MEADOW, CA. 0.25 MILES FROM SITE. VOUCHER - SHELLY, J.S. (1449), M. ASH AND A. EVENDEN, 1988, MONTU. 5ENDESC1 :lev: :ODATA! lOMMENTS C0NTAINED3; 1AC0DE1: FFSWABOBMIMTUS CONTAINEDl Y 1AC0DE3 : 10REMGMT: F SITECODE: 3ITENAME: DWNER: FLATHEAD NATIONAL FOREST 3WNERCQMM: ^ROTCOMM: ^GMTCOMM: 10NITGR: 3ESTS0URCE; Y MAC0DE2: ADLMAS: FFSNFFLAT4MTUS C0NTAINED2: MORELAN: MOREPROT: 30URCEC0DE : MONITORNUM: SHELLY, J.S. 1988. FIELD SURVEYS IN BOB MARSHALL WILDERNESS AREA OF 20-26 JUNE. F88SHE04MTUS PNDSHE01MTUS PNDEVE01MTUS PNDASH01MTUS S88SHEUMMTUS DATASENS: N BOUNDARIES: TRANSCRIBR: 88-07-25 JSS UPDATE: 88-11-22 JSS Y PHOTOS: CDREV: Y Y OWNER INFO: MAPPER: 88-07-25 JSS QCi 28 ELEMENT OCCURRENCE RECORD DCODE : PnORC0Q0A0 . 006 AME: CYPRIPEDIUn PASSER I NUM DMNAME: SPARROWS-EGG LADY ' S-SL I PPER ARGNUM: JRVEYSITE GRANKCOMM URVEYDATE RANK : S2 UADCODE: UADNAME: 10,10 I DENT: EORANK; B AT : WT3nW7 LONG : OWNRANGE : 0E2N009W S TENTEN: BLACKTAIL GULCH FAIRLY SMALL POPULATION, BUT HABITAT RELATIVELY SECURE. 1988-06-29 LASTOBS: 1988-06-29 FIRSTOBS: 1988 GRANK STATE: MX COUNTYNAME : MTTETO ^711267 ARSENIC MOUNTAIN 1124526 S: 0 N: 0 SECTION: 28 MERIDIAN: G4GS PRECISION: E: 0 PR TRSCQMM: S M: SE<» HYSPROV: NR WATERSHED: 10030104 RIVERREACH: 1003010401900.00 IRECTIONS: ROCKY MOUNTAIN FRONT RANGE, BLACKTAIL GULCH, CA. 1.1 MILES NORTH OF TRAILHEAD ON BLACKTAIL GULCH TRAIL (#223), CA. 2 MILES NORTH OF GIBSON DAM. IN MOSSY SEEPAGE AREA; PICEA ENGELMANNI I /EDUISETUM ARVENSE HABITAT, WITH PYROLA UN I FLORA, EQUISETUM SCIRPOIDES, SAL IX SCOULERIANA, MI TELL A NUDA. 4960 SIZE: 2 CA. 66 STEMS COUNTED (CA. 37 VEGETATIVE, 26 IN FRUIT OR POST-FLOWERING, 3 FLOWERING)! AREA APPEARS TO HAVE SLUMPED AROUND SPRING SEEPS. ENDESC; LEV: ODATA: QNMENTS: VOUCHER - SHELLY, J.S. (1481), 1988, MONTU. ACODEl: FFSNFLEWI9MTUS CONTAINEDl : Y MAC0DE2 : AC0DE3: C0NTAINED3: ADLMAS: MOREL AN; ;OREMGMT: F SITECODE: ilTENAME: WNER: LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST 'WNERCOMM: ROTCOMM: IGMTCOMM: ON I TOR: iESTSOURCE; C0NTAINED2; MOREPROT: ^OURCECODE: MONITORNUM: SHELLY, J.S. 1988. FIELD SURVEYS IN ROCKY MOUNTAIN FRONT RANGE OF 27 JUNE - 1 JULY AND 12 JULY. F88SHE05MTUS PNDSHE01MTUS S88SHEUMMTUS )ATASENS: N BOUNDARIES: Y PHOTOS: N OWNER INFO: RANSCRIBR: 88-08-12 JSS CDREV: Y MAPPER: 88-08-12 JSS )PDATE: 88-11-22 JSS (3C: 29 ELEMENT OCCURRENCE RECORD iCODE: PnORC0Q0A0.007 ME: CYPRIPEDIUM PASSERINUM )MNAME: SPARROW S-EBG LADY'S-SLIPPER iRGNUM: JRVEYSITE IRANKCOMM JRVEYDATE ^ANK : S2 JADCODE: JADNAME: I DENT: EORANK : CD 6RANK; 5 TENTEN: 5,^ DRY FORK LANGE CREEK VERY SMALL POPULATION; REMOTE UNDISTURBED HABITAT. 1988-06-30 LASTOBS: 1788-06-30 FIRSTOBS: 1988 STATE: MT COUNTYNAME: MTLEWI ^711257 PATRICKS BASIN PRECISION: SC ^T: ^73509 LONG: 112^919 S: 0 N: 0 E: 0 W: 3WNRANGE: 021N010W SECTION: 12 MERIDIAN: PR TRSCOMM: E2SE2 G4GS 0 ^YSPROV: NR WATERSHED: 1003010'» RIVERREACH: 1003010^02100.00 IRECTIONS: ROCKY MOUNTAIN FRONT RANGE, DRY FORK LANGE CREEK DRAINAGE, 1.3 AIR MILES SSE OF LANGE FALLS, 0.97 AIR MILES EAST OF LANGE CREEK. ADJACENT TO SEEPAGE AREA IN FOREST OPENING? WITH PICE A ENGELMANNII, EQUISETUM ARVENSE, HABENARIA HYPERBOREA, ORCHIS ROTUNDIFOLIA, PYROLA UN I FLORA, EQUISETUM SCIRPOIDES. 5700 SIZE: 1 EIGHT STEMS COUNTED (5 FRUITING, 3 VEGETATIVE); HABITAT CURRENTLY UNDISTURBED. £NDESC; LEV: 3DATA: DMMENTS: SIGHT RECORD, NO VOUCHER SPECIMEN COLLECTED. ACODEl: FFSNFLEWI9MTUS CONTAINEDl: Y MAC0DE2: ACQDE3: C0NTAINED3: ADLMAS: MORELAN: QREMGMT: F SITECODE: ITENAME: ^NER: LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST WNERCGMM: ROTCOMM: GMTCOMM: ON I TOR: ESTSOURCE C0NTAINED2; MOREPROT : OURCECODE; MONITORNUM: SHELLY, J.S. 1988. FIELD SURVEYS IN ROCKY MOUNTAIN FRONT RANGE OF 27 JUNE - 1 JULY & 12 JULY. F88SHE05MTUS PNDSHE01MTUS S88SHEUMMTUS PNDFIE01MTUS ATASENS: N BOUNDARIES: Y PHOTOS: Y OWNER INFO: RANSCRIBR: 88-08-23 JSS CDREV: Y MAPPER: 88-08-23 JSS IPDATE: 88-11-22 JSS QC; 30 ELEMENT OCCURRENCE RECORD JCODE : PMORC0Q0A0 . 008 iME: CYPRIPEDIUM PASSERINUM IMNAME: SPARROW S-E6G LADY'S-SLIPPER iRGNUM: JRVEYSITE 3RANKC0MM JRVEYDATE ^ANK: Sa JADCODE: JADNAME: 3 TENTEN: 1,10 BIG PRAIRIE BRIDGE SMALL POPULATION, SITE 1988-07-26 LASTOBS: I DENT: Y NOT HEAVILY 1988-07-26 EORANK: B IMPACTED. FIRSTOBS: 1988 GRANK: G'tGS ^T: ^73021 LONG: DWNRANGE: 020N013W STATE: MT ^711352 HAYSTACK MOUNTAIN 1131436 S: SECTION: COUNTYNAME : MTPOWE 10 0 N: 0 MERIDIAN: PRECISION: SC E: 0 Ut: PR TRSCOMM: NW4 HYSPROV: NR WATERSHED: 17010209 RIVERREACH: 1701020908500.00 IRECTIONS: BOB MARSHALL WILDERNESS AREA, SOUTH SIDE OF SOUTH FORK FLATHEAD RIVER, JUST WEST OF BIG PRAIRIE PACK BRIDGE. ZNDESC: RIVER BANK; WITH EQUISETUM ARVENSE, ALNUS SINUATA, PICEA ENGELMANNII. LEV: 4600 SIZE: 1 QDATA: CA. 100 STEMS, IN A VERY SMALL STRIP AROUND THE RIVER'S EDGE