s 598.29 Nllrabd 1992 **#D. Skaar's Montana bird d is tr ittut ion f. u. ^Kaars Montana Bird Distribution Revised by: Dwight Bergeron Cedron Jones David L. Center Daniel Sullivan Fourth Edition January 1992 Montana Natural Heritage Program Special Publication No. 2 JArJ ..;r MONTANA STATE LIBRARY S 598.29 N 1 1 mbd 1 992 R 598.29 SKAAR c. 1 P.O. Skaar's Montana bird distribution / 3 0864 00078244 4 This publication is a cooperative effort of the following organizations: AN 1 0 tW Ml (Support provided by the Nofigame Tax Checkoff Fund) Montana Audubon Council W 1 6|f|7 P 2 7 2002 Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks Montana Natural Heritage Program Copies of this publication are $6.00 and can be obtained from Regional Offices of the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; the Montana Audubon Council and most local Audubon chapters; select bookstores in Montana; or from the Montana Natural Heritage Program (mail orders, please add $1 for shipping). Montana Natural Heritage Program State Library Building 1515 East Sixth Avenue Helena, MT 59620 This document should be cited as follows: Bergeron, D., C. Jones, D. L. Center, and D. Sullivan. 1992. P. D. Skaar's Montana Bird Distribution, Fourth Edition. Special Publication No. 2. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena. 116 pp. Cover drawing of Belted Kingfisher by Ted Nordhagen ©1991 ©1992 Montana Natural Heritage Program p. D. SKAAR'S MONTANA BIRD DISTRIBUTION Fourth Edition Revised By: Dwight Bergeron 800 Glendale Helena, MT 59601 f Cedron Jones , ., ^ 940 Wilder Avenue Helena, MT 59601 David L. Center 1515 East Sixth Avenue • Helena, MT 59620 Daniel Sullivan 851 Silverette Helena, MT 59601 AUG ^0 1992 MONTANA STATE LIBRARY 1515 E. 6th AVE. HELENA, MONTANA 59620 Special Publication No. 2 Montana Natural Heritage Program 1992 A B C D Thix map irmrl miiy serve as a niiidefor quickly idauifying ^.-mral hcalions wilbiii liililntigx ami iiaarlcr latilangs. \Vc rvcommcnd thai it be used in conjunclion wilh the official Monlatia Higliwuy Ship. For ran bird nporls and siK>iliiifp. near ibc {aliliinn bordcm, pkasi ii.w appropriate BLXt 1:100.000 \cale inap\ or VSDA Forest Service maps. Map courtesy of Montana Diparinunl of Transportation and Montana Travel. All rights rvsencd. TABLE OF CONTENTS Biographical Note - P. D. Skaar ii Dedication - Larry S. Thompson ill Preface iv Acknowledgements v Introduction 1 Physiography of Montana 1 Latilongs as mapping units 1 Quarter Latilongs 2 Taxonomic changes and subspecies 3 Other Changes 3 Evaluation of records 4 Species with Special Status 4 Neotropical Migratory Species 5 How to read maps and interpret symbols 6 Submission of new records 8 Distribution maps 9 Bibliography 107 Contributors 108 APPENDICES A -- List of TES and SI Species in Montana 109 B -- Neotropical Migratory Bird Species in Montana 110, 111 C -- Hypothetical Species List 112 D -- Breeding Status Code Definitions 113 E -- Rare Bird Report Form 114 F -- Quarter Latilong Reporting Form 115 Index 116, 117 Notes 118 Insert -- Montana Highway Map with QLL Units aifywK aencral locatwns Killiin laliloni;s ami qiHirUr on wilh Ihc ofHaal Monu.mi //.,i,'/,..<;.v Map. For rare hmi with llic dffi' use apiiropriute ■; BLM 1:1110,(1110 scale maps or USDA Forest and Montana Travel, .-ill riahls reserxed. TABLE OF CONTENTS Biographical Note - P. D. Skaar ii Dedication - Larry S. Thompson iii Preface iv Acknowledgements v Introduction 1 Physiography of Montana 1 Latilongs as mapping units 1 Quarter Latilongs 2 Taxonomic changes and subspecies 3 Other Changes 3 Evaluation of records 4 Species with Special Status 4 Neotropical Migratory Species 5 How to read maps and interpret symbols 6 Submission of new records 8 Distribution maps 9 Bibliography 107 Contributors 108 APPENDICES A -- List of TES and SI Species in Montana 109 B -- Neotropical Migratory Bird Species in Montana 110, 111 C -- Hypothetical Species List 112 D -- Breeding Status Code Definitions 113 E -- Rare Bird Report Form 114 F -- Quarter Latilong Reporting Form 115 Index 116, 117 Notes 118 Insert -- Montana Highway Map with QLL Units BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE Palmer David Skaar No one person has done more to further the study of Montana birds than Dave Skaar (1923-1983). Dr. Skaar came to Montana in 1957 to join the faculty of Montana State College (now MSU). He was widely respected as a microbial geneticist at that time, and during his career he wrote extensively in that field. He also founded and directed the Genetics Institute at MSU, and served for four years as editor of the Proceedings of the Montana Academy of Sciences. Dave's involvement in the study of Montana bird distribution made him well-known and respected throughout the state. His enthusiasm was contagious, and his patience and modesty were exemplary. He was not one to discourage or belittle the amateur and his words were always encouraging, never demeaning. Dave pioneered the "latilong" concept in distributional studies. His definitive Birds of the Bozeman Latilong was published in 1969 and was a model regional bird account. In 1975, Dave published the first edition of Montana Bird Distribution. The impact of this book was tremendous. It motivated and mobilized amateurs and professionals across the state, and resulted in careful ornithological scrutiny of vast areas of Montana that had never before been studied. The Fourth Edition of Montana Bird Distribution is one of Dave's ongoing legacies. Future editions will continue as a direct result of Dr. Skaar's inspiration and visionary efforts. ^ DEDICATION 1 n ""^■r -%ite /iP^^^H ^p^ ^HiH^'^^ Larry Steven Thompson Larry Thompson (1949-1988) was born in Kalispell and dedicated his life to the exploration and study of Montana's rich natural heritage. Larry attended Montana State University and received a Masters Degree from Washington State University, completing a thesis on the biogeographical relationships of bird populations found on Montana's prairie mountain ranges. For 1 2 years, beginning in the mid-1 970s, Larry worked at the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, involved in the oversight of facility siting. In 1985, Larry became the first manager of the Natural Resource Information System where he began the job of cataloging Montana's natural resources. Accomplished as he was in his work, it seemed to be his time away from work that touched the most people. He wrote extensively, publishing scientific and popular articles, including one of the Montana Geographic Series, Montana Explorers. He co- authored the Third Edition of Montana Bird Distribution. He was a natural musician and a gifted artist. (Some of his drawings illustrate this edition.) Above all, Larry was a naturalist. He was interested in, curious about and saw beauty in everything - big, small, obscure, animal, plant or rock - it didn't matter. No one could be around Larry without seeing the world differently and having a new appreciation for things commonly passed by. As a person and a naturalist, Larry's contributions to the quality of life and the knowledge and conservation of Montana's natural resources were remarkable. We respectfully, and with great affection, dedicate this edition to him. PREFACE The Fourth Edition of P. D. Skaar's Montana Bird Distribution is the latest in a series of contributions to Montana ornithology. It was Dr. Skaar who pioneered the use of latilongs as a mapping unit for bird distribution and biogeographical studies. Since the publication of Skaar's first edition (1975), several other states and vertebrate groups have been mapped using the latilong system. In this edition we have begun recording bird distribution in quarter latilong units in an attempt to more accurately display each species' spatial distribution. This edition begins an effort to provide a visual display of current bird distribution in Montana. It is a transition from previous editions, where all distribution data from the earliest recorded sightings to the most current were represented, to subsequent editions, where only data since the last edition will be represented. We believe this will document changes in bird distribution, drawing attention to contractions or expansions which, we hope, will result in efforts to determine the cause for these changes. Although historical data will not be displayed in future editions, these data will not be lost. Presently, all data represented in previous editions as well as this edition have been entered into a computer database. These records contain more data than is represented by the symbol on the distribution maps and often include multiple sightings per latilong. The bird distribution database contains over 25,000 individual records. It is housed and maintained at the Natural Heritage Program in Helena and will be updated continuously as additional data are received. The database will be available for use by anyone interested in the distribution of Montana birds. We plan to publish the Fifth Edition in 1995 with subsequent editions every 5 years thereafter. The success of this effort, however, will depend on the dedication of the birding public, amateur and professional, in submitting observations. We are no longer interested only in new latilong records and rare sightings. It is critical that contributors record and report sightings on all species for the appropriate quarter latilongs during each revision period. These changes are not cast in concrete. We want to know what you think of them, and so we have included a Response Form at the back of the book. Please tear it out, fill it in and return it to us. A few people, with some time and a little money, compiled this publication. In a greater sense, this is a product of hundreds, perhaps thousands, of individuals who made an effort and took the time to write down their observations and report them. These are people who see the beauty, grace, and diversity of birds, but understand that the conservation of bird populations and the environment upon which they depend requires awareness and knowledge. This publication is a tribute to those contributors and our thanks are extended to them. Helena, Mont. January, 1992 IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dozens of contributors submitted the thousands of recent records to make this update possible. We are most grateful to those contributors who provided recent sightings (see p. 108). Centrum data are from the Third Edition. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Breeding Bird Survey and the databases of the Montana Natural Heritage Program provided additional sources of information. A steering committee was responsible for the overall production and fundraising for this Fourth Edition. Members include Janet Ellis, David Center, George Holton, Cedron Jones, Deborah Richie, and Dan Sullivan, all of Helena. Dwight Bergeron was employed to compile data and assist in production. Special thanks to Dwight, Cedron, and Dan for their long and dedicated efforts in data entry, troubleshooting, and keeping things moving. A verification committee was established to review rare bird sightings and provide advice and comment on a number of issues in the production of this edition. The verification committee is comprised of Chuck Carlson (Chair, Ft. Peck), Helen Carlson (Billings), Dan Casey (Kalispell), Dr. Bob Eng (Bozeman), Bebe FitzGerald (Billings), Harriet Marble (Chester), Terry McEneaney (Gardiner), Fritz Prellwitz (Malta), and Dr. Phil Wright (Missoula). We thank them for their continuing efforts and dedication to a better understanding of Montana birds. Jim Senkler ably provided us with the design and programming of the database. We thank the Natural Resource Information System and the Montana State Library for staff time and computers. Don Skaar and Dennis Flath provided access to many post-Third Edition records and commented on the draft. Dan Sullivan obtained and compiled the data from the Breeding Bird Surveys. Margaret Beer provided technical support and tolerance for Dwight and Cedron to be on her computers and in her space for much of the past 6 months. Several individuals provided helpful suggestions and advice in planning and review of the project including Kristi DuBois, Shannon Heath, Sue Jackson, Cary Lund, and Don Stoecker. We thank them all. Financial support for the project came with the cooperation of the following individuals and organizations: Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks (Dennis Flath & Deborah Richie), USDI Bureau of Land Management (Bob Haburchak), USDA Forest Service (Alan Christensen and Bill Ruediger), Stillwater Mining (Bruce Gilbert), Western Energy Co. (Bruce Waage), WESTECH (Dean Culwell and Pat Farmer), Last Chance Audubon (Helena), Yellowstone Valley Audubon (Billings), Bitterroot Audubon (Hamilton), Five Valleys Audubon (Missoula), William and Lee Ballard, the Montana Audubon Council, and Michael T. Schwitters. Introduction Birders in Montana have recorded the presence of 357 species over the past four decades. There are 259 species that regularly breed in the state. The total number of wintering species is 177. An additional 12 species are of hypothetical occurrence (see p. 112), including several species that are expanding their ranges and will likely make their way into a future edition of the Montana Bird Distribution. Physiography of Montana Montana is characterized by 3 physiographic divisions: the Rocky Mountains of the western third, dominated by high rugged mountain ranges dissected with broad valleys; the central plains where island mountain ranges rise out of the grassy plains; and the eastern half in the Northern Great Plains with rolling grass-covered plains carved by major rivers. Vastly different climate and vegetation occur in Montana. Continental air masses with cold, dry winters and hot summers dominate most of the state. Northwest Montana is more influenced by Pacific moist air with moderate temperatures. The plains range between -40°F(-40°C) and over 1 00°F (38°C), with annual precipitation between 8 inches (20 cm) and 15 inches (40 cm). Droughts can be frequent and severe. The Rocky Mountains are somewhat cooler and more moist. Annual precipitation generally increases with elevation, much of it as snow. These factors, combined with Montana's geographic position among the Great Basin, Great Plains, and Northern Rockies, contribute to the great diversity and abundance of birds in our state. Land-use practices have also changed the abundance and distribution of our avifauna. Some species (such as the starling) tend to thrive in human-altered landscapes, expanding their range and numbers. Other species (such as the piping plover) require specialized natural habitat and may become increasingly rare or threatened by habitat changes or encroachment of competitors. As we view the distribution of Montana birds over time, we will undoubtedly witness the introduction and expansion of some species and the continued decline of others, particularly those that are more specialized. Montana is a large, sparsely-populated state. It is difficult to conceive of high-intensity efforts to atlas birds as in other states. Until the financial and human resources become available, the application of coarse- scale distribution units such as latilongs will continue to be the most feasible. By refining our efforts to the quarter latilong, we will be recording the dynamic phenomena of statewide bird distribution to the best of our current abilities. As additional data are recorded by quarter latilong, we expect this effort to more effectively project species' distribution. Latilongs as Mapping Units Latilongs are rectangular units formed by successive parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude, each at one degree intervals (see map on back cover). They form a grid pattern across Montana that includes all or parts of 49 latilongs. The average dimensions of each latilong are 47 miles (76 km) wide and 69 miles (1 1 1 km) 1 long. This represents an average area of 3200 sq. miles (8436 sq. km) per latilong. Latilongs along the Canadian border are 5.4 percent smaller than those along the Wyoming border. These nearly-uniform units form a global grid across middle latitudes that provide conformity between states and nations. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Breeding Bird Survey is based on this latilong grid. So successful was Skaar's early use of the latilong as a biogeographic aid (Skaar 1969, 1980), that several neighboring states have used latilongs for mapping bird distribution (Stephens and Sturts 1991; Kingery 1987; Oakleaf et al. 1982) and other vertebrate groups (Thompson 1982; Findholt et al. 1981). The map on the back cover depicts the 49 latilongs and 185 quarter latilongs in Montana. This includes L48 and L49 which cover small portions of southwest Montana previously excluded from the first three editions. Also enclosed in this edition is a latilong map that has been superimposed over a state highway map. This is an extra aid that will permit accurate location of the quarter latilong (QLL) where an observation is made. For finer resolution when sightings are near boundaries and for reporting rare birds, please refer to the Forest Service, BLM, and USGS topographic maps to accurately determine the correct QLL location. Quarter Latilongs The most obvious change from the Third Edition is the use of quarter latilongs (QLL). QLL units are created by dividing each latilong unit into four quarters at the 30 minute degree mark between each degree of latitude and longitude. Each QLL cell retains the number of the latilong cell with the addition of a letter (A,B,C, or D) ordered left to right (Fig. 1). Thus, latilong 25 is now broken into 4 QLLs: 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D (see p.7). Each of the latilongs has the Third Edition data listed in the center (Example "X" Fig. 1). All of the new (post-Third Edition) data are presented in the quarter latilong positions. Figure 1. Quarter Latilong Letter Code Sequence. A C -X- B D We recognize that the maps displayed in this edition are "busy" and may be confusing at first glance. However, a sufficient amount of new data did not exist to adequately represent the distribution of most birds in Montana. The Third Edition data are retained in the center of the latilong so that there is continuity between the old and new formats. In the Fifth Edition (1995) only the quarter latilong values, based on data submitted since Third Edition data, will be displayed. In the past, contributors have focused on the rare species and new latilong records. Conversion to quarter latilongs and a commitment to continually update Montana Bird Distribution (MBD) requires a fundamental change in the way Montana birders list and submit their observations. For the effort to succeed, all species, common and rare alike, must be recorded for each QLL during each revision period. Taxonomic changes and subspecies All species names and taxonomic revisions follow the American Ornithologist's Union (AOU) Checklist of North American Birds, 6th edition (AGU 1983), as amended by the 35th through the 38th supplements (AOU 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991). The AOU has made several taxonomic revisions since the MBD Third Edition. These changes are reflected in the species lists and maps, where appropriate. In consultation with the verification committee, we identified 5 species for which enhanced data collection for subspecies distribution is warranted. In some cases this is to provide better information for future taxonomic assignments. In others, it is simply of interest to maintain the geographic distinctions between taxa. The species names and maps do not display these subspecific ranges, but we are recording and maintaining records in the databases at the subspecific level. We request that contributors submit records for these species at the subspecies level, whenever possible. Species for which information is kept on subspecies, races, or forms include: Northern Flicker Northern Oriole Red-shafted Flicker Bullock's Oriole Yellow-shafted Flicker Baltimore Oriole Yellow-rumped Warbler Rosy Finch Audubon's Warbler Gray-crowned Rosy Finch Myrtle Warbler Gray-headed (Hepburns's) Rosy Finch Dark-eyed Junco Black Rosy Finch Slate-colored Junco Montana ("Oregon Junco") . Pink-sided Junco White-winged Junco Gray-headed Junco Other Changes The first arrival dates for species were not included. There was no additional information to update the Third Edition. We have the capacity to record and manage information on arrival and departure dates for all species. We need several contributors to record and submit this information from various regions in the state. Please contact the editors at the Montana Natural Heritage Program for further information. We have eliminated the "S" and "s" symbols for species documented by a specimen or photograph. Specimen data and photograph records will be entered into the database. Files for photographs, slides, or copies have been established. Dr. P. L Wright of the verification committee will compile a list of specimens, including the vertebrate collections where they are stored. This list will be available and updated as additions to the collections occur. The symbols "?" (questionable sightings) and "I" (uncertain latilong location) found in the Third Edition are not used in this edition. The steering and verification committees will not accept records in these categories so the designations are dropped from this and future editions. Evaluation of Records A verification committee was established in June 1991. The committee established rules for conducting business and evaluating records. Criteria for suitable documentation were reviewed and a voting procedure established. The verification committee is responsible for accepting records of rare birds (less than 20 sightings) and sightings of birds outside their normal range. Contributors with observations in these categories are asked to submit a rare bird report describing their sighting (Appendix E). No rare or out-of-range records will be accepted without committee approval. Species with Special Status Any special status for each species is indicated by the letters and symbols which follow the common and scientific name. n= Rare birds (fewer than 20 verified sightings) are identified by the letter "n" followed by the number of sightings. The most recent sighting is listed with location and date. TES We have identified those species that are considered threatened, endangered, or sensitive in Montana or throughout their range by the symbol TES. Species assigned to this category are any one of the following: federally recognized endangered, threatened, or candidate species for listing under the Endangered Species Act; U.S. Forest Service sensitive species, as assigned by the Regional Forester; or species of special concern, as recognized by the f\/lontana Natural Heritage Program and Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks. A list of species in each of these categories is found in Appendix A. It is important to note that all of these lists are subject to change. For current information, contact one of the local offices of the US Fish & Wildlife Service; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; US Forest Service; or Montana Natural Heritage Program. SI Another group of species was identified as being poorly known in the state or as having unique breeding habits that warrant further study. There is a need for additional information on the distribution, breeding habits, and status of these "species needing additional information," or SI. Contributors submitting sightings of TES and SI species are requested to submit detailed information. This information should include the date of observation, specific location, number of individuals, and details on nesting, if observed. This is an important aspect of maintaining statewide information on species that are either more vulnerable, less visible, or experiencing range or population decline. Rare bird sightings are requested to be submitted on the rare bird report form (Appendix E). Neotropical Migratory Species There are many birds that breed or migrate through f\/lontana and spend their winter in the "neotropics" (Central and South America). Recent evidence suggests that populations of some of these bird species may be declining. Thus, in 1990 the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation proposed a major initiative for the conservation of migratory land birds that breed in North America and winter in neotropical countries. Several major federal land management agencies, conservation groups, state fish and wildlife agencies, and academics have joined to develop the Neotropical Migratory Bird Program. This collaborative effort attempts to determine the causes for declines in our migratory bird populations. Part of this effort involves identification of species vulnerable to declines from either of the two primary causes suggested: fragmentation of breeding ground habitat in the U.S. and Canada, and loss of wintering habitat in Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. A major initiative for research, monitoring, and management of migratory landbirds, has been established at the national and local levels. We have listed the Neotropical Migratory Bird species known to occur in Montana (Appendix B). The species included in the program are both long- and short-distance migrants. Wintering zones for species are identified and nicely handled in the "Conservation" subheading of The Birder's Handbook (Ehrlich et al. 1988). Additional information and activities are being developed by the local Montana Steering Committee of the Neotropical Migratory Bird Program, including a handbook, monitoring activities, study of habitat relationships, and international partnerships. For additional information on local activities, contact the Neotropical Migratory Bird Program Coordinator, Wildlife and Fisheries, U.S. Forest Service Northern Region, P.O. Box 7669, Missoula, MT 59807. How to read maps and interpret symbols Each species is listed by common and scientific name in taxonomic order. Order and family names are inserted to aid in grouping the species. A common name is placed in the top outside margin of each right hand page for the predominant group of species found on that page. Information on the species' status is provided on the lines beneath some of the names. Symbols and their definitions are explained below. Further information is provided on page 4. See Appendix A (p.109) for a list of species. n= Number of documented records (for species with fewer than 20 verified records). TES Species considered threatened, endangered, or sensitive. SI Additional information requested for these species. introduced - Not native to North America or a native North American species transplanted to Montana. The distribution maps are shaped in the general outline of Montana. Each rectangular block represents one latilong. Each symbol within the block represents the highest documented status for the species in each latilong or quarter latilong. All of the Third Edition data are presented in the center of the latilong block. The quarter latilong data are presented in the corners of the latilong block and represent observations submitted since 1985. The symbols used are as follows (see p. 11 3, Appendix D, for complete definitions): B Direct evidence of breeding (nest or dependent young observed). b Indirect or circumstantial evidence of breeding. t Observed, no evidence of breeding. Absent or no observations submitted. The winter distribution of species is recorded between December 15 and February 15. Winter maps display data in latilong blocks only. However, post-Third Edition data are recorded by QLL in the database. The symbols and their definitions are: W Overwintering. Regular sightings during the winter period. Overwintering not yet documented, but species observed at least once between Dec. 15 and Feb. 15. Absent or no verified winter records submitted. w Example: In the map below, Third Edition data show a verified sighting of an American Flamingo in Latilong 25 by the presence of a "t" in the center of latilong block number 25. There is a "t" in the "A" quarter of the latilong block meaning that a sighting also occurred since 1985. Only 2 sightings have been recorded (n=2). The most recent sighting was in 1988 near Florence along the Bitterroot River. As designated by the symbol, "SI", more detailed information is requested if there are further sightings. In this case, because there are fewer than 20 sightings, verification by the verification committee is required before the report will be accepted. A rare bird report should be submitted. The winter map lists no winter (Dec 15 - Feb 15) sightings. American Flamingo Gardenus effigis QLL 25A; April 1, 1988 Bitterroot River, Florence n=2; SI t t - - - Submission of New Records Contributors are asked to submit records in one of two formats. 1. Quarter Latilong Bird Lists: Ttnis is a list of bird species observed within a quarter latllong (QLL). If there were several birding trips within a single QLL the sightings from each trip should be summarized into a single master list for that QLL. For each species recorded, list the highest status observed ("B" greater than "b" greater than "t") and then the most recent observation date. Make one list per QLL in taxonomic (Field Guide) order. For full-page form, see p.115. In areas where you live or that you frequent each year we would like a single master QLL list annually. If the status is listed as "B", briefly state the criteria used (i.e., nest, dependent young, etc.). A brief location description is requested (i.e.. Bean Lake, Long Pine Hills, Chinook, Hwy 200, 10 miles west of Simms, etc.). 2. Single Observations (rare, out of range, and SI species) These sightings require thorough, detailed descriptions. It will be best to use the Rare Bird Report Form found in Appendix E, however, any report format with sufficient information will do. Fill in the information only for items that you actually observed. Do not fill in items you felt you should have seen but did not. It is the exception where all possible criteria are seen. Complete the report as soon as possible following the observation while your impressions are fresh. Please submit any drawings or photographs; they will become part of the permanent record unless return is requested. All rare and out-of-range sightings are submitted to the verification committee. They can only judge your sighting based on your report. "It looked just like the picture in the book" won't pass. Please submit individual records and individual QLL lists as soon after the observations as possible. For QLLs that you visit more than once, send in a master QLL list annually. New records will be added to the Montana Bird Distribution database on a regular schedule. This will allow for periodic updates and queries on species or selected geographic areas. It will also greatly facilitate producing the next edition. We plan development of a computer software program that will permit data entry of field sightings by observers with access to personal computers. This will permit observers to send in their observations via diskette. Use of this method of recordkeeping will significantly reduce data entry time at the central database. We intend to design the program so that observers will be able to access and display their own data. All observers with access to personal computers are encouraged to use this method when it becomes available. Mail all records to: Montana Bird Distribution Update Montana Natural Heritage Program 1515 East Sixth Avenue Helena, MT 59620 8 □ GAVIIFORMES ■ Gaviidae Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata QLL 10D; May, 1991; Ft. Peck n=7 --W Pacific Loon Gavia pacifica (formerly combined with Arctic Loon) LL 3; Sept, 25, 1976; Lake McDonald n=2 Common Loon Gavia immer TES WWw W-- wU — w --W Yellow-billed Loon Gavia adamsii QLL 17D; Jan. 5, 1987; Giant Springs, Great Falls n=1 w Loons t t t t B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B t t - - b t b t - t b B B B B t B B B t t - t t t t t t - t t t t B t t t t t t t t t - t t - t t B t t t t t t t t t PODICIPEDIFORMES ■ Podicipedidae Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps WUw W-- ww W-ww --wW-w Homed Grebe Podiceps auritus wUw WW--W Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena Uww -w Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis -WW -W--W --WW b B B B b B B b B b B B B B b B b B B t t b B B B t B b b b b b b B b B b b b B b B t t B B B B B b B B b B b t t b t ~ t B B b B B b B B B B B b B t b B B t B B b ~ t b t B B t t B t b t t B t b B b t B ~ t t t t t - t t t t t t t t b t t b - t t t t - t t - b - t b t b B B b B b b B t b ~ t ■ t t t t ~ - b B t B t t B b B b t B b B t ~ - - - - - - B t t t 6 B B t t t ~ ~ ~ " ~ - b t ~ ~ t t ~ t ~ ~ * ~ t t b b B B b B B b B B B B t B B B b b b b B t B t t B b B B B B b B B B t B B t t t t t B b B t t t B t t B B B B t b t B b b b b t t B t - t B B B B B B 10 Grebes, Pelican Western Grebe A echmoph or us occiden talis www w — w Clark's Grebe Aechmophorus clarkii (forrnerly combined with Western Grebe) QLL 38A; Aug., 1991; Harrison Lake n=16 t B B t B t t t b B t - B t b t t t t b B t b B b b B t t b B b t t t t t t t t t B t t B t t t t b - t b t t b t t b B t b t t t t t t t B B B B - t - - t - - - B t - - - t b - B - - - - - t - - t - - t - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - PELECANIFORMES ■ Pelecanidae American White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos TES - t t t B B t t t t t t B B t t t B B - t t t t B B b t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t B B t t t t t t t t t - t b t t t t b t t t t t t t - t t t b t B « 11 Phalacrocoraci dae Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus SI t t t t t t B t B B B b b t t B B B t t t t B B t B B B t t B B t t B B t t B B B B B B t t t t B t B - t t t B B B t t t t t t B 6 B B t t - B B t t t t B b t B B t B B t B t b B B t CICONIIFORMES ■ Ardeidae American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis LL 10; June 3, 1976; Ft. Peck n=3 Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias SI WW--W ■ WWw — M WWWW W-- - www- www-- -w b B B b - B t b b B t t B b b t b b b t t b ~ b B b b b B B b t - b t b b b t * ~ b t t t - B b b t t t t - b b b B b B b - - - - b 12 B B b B B B t b B t b B b B B B B b B B B B B B b B B B B 6 B B t B t t t B B b B t B B B B B B B B B t B B t B B B B B B B t B t t 6 B B B B B B B B B b B B B t B B B B B B B B B B B t t b B B B b B t B t t B B t t B B t B B B t B t B t t B B b B B B B Herons Great Egret Casmerodius a/bus QLL 25B; June 4, 1987; Lee Metcalf NWR n=18 Snowy Egret Egretta thula Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea LL 8; July 28, 1983; North of the Little Rocky Mountains n=3 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis QLL 9C; June 29, 1988; near Bowdoin NWR n=13 - - - - - - - - - t - - - t - t t - - t - - - - t t - - t - - - - - t -" - - t - - t - - - t - t - - - - - - t b - t t - t - t B - - t - t - t t t - t - - t t - t - - - - - t - - - - t t _t t - - t t - - t - - t - - - - t - t t t - t - - 13 Green-backed Heron Butorides striatus QLL 17B; May 22, 1985; Benton Lake NWR QLL 9C; May 23, 1985; Bowdoin NWR n=9 Black-crowned Night-heron Nycticorax nycticorax SI Yellow-crowned Night-heron Nyctanassa violaceus LL 29; Sept. 26, 1976; Cottonwocxd Reservoir n=2 t t - - t t t - - t t t - B - - - t t b B B B t t B B - t - B B B B t - t t t t t t t - - t t t t - - t t - - t t t t - t - t b B B Threskiomithidae White-faced Ibis Plegadis chihi TES - t - - - - - t B B t - t B B t ~ t ~ B t - - - - - - - t t t ~ t t t ~ B t ~ t ~ t ~ t t t B b t ~ ~ ~ • b t t 14 Ciconiidae Swans Wood Stork Mycteria americana LL 32; May 4, 1918; Custer n=2 mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - ANSERIFORMES ■ Anatidae Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus -W--W -Wwww WW-w --wW-w -W Trumpeter Swan Cygnus buccinator TES -w -W--W U --WW---W-- -W t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t " t t t t t t t t t t - - t t t t t - - « - b t t t t t t t - - - - - - b - - t b t B B B t - t - - - - - t b t t t b t t - - - t - - t B t t b t B - - t - - B B B B B 15 Mute Swan Cygnus olor SI (introduced) ---W Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons -w — w --H Snow Goose Chen caerulescens MM -w --WW — WW-- --WW-W - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - t t - - - - - - B — ~ t B B ~ ~ ~ " - - B t t 1 - - - - - - - t t t t t t t t " t t ~ t t " ~ ■ t t - t t t t ~ ~ t ~ t t t t t - - - t - - t - t - - - t t t tttttttttttt Li_ii L i L t t tttttttttt-t t t t t tttttttttt- t t t t - t t t t - t t Ross' Goose C/7en rossii t tttttt-tt-t t_ ^_t _t t t t - t t t t t t t - t - - t - - t - t - t 16 Geese, Ducks Brant Branta bernicia LL 33; No location n=7 t - t - t - - - t - - - - t t Canada Goose Branta canadensis WWW-WWw-wW-w UUUUWW-www-w UwwUm--UUw- -UWWwUwww- wW Wood Duck Aix sponsa WW w--- -w W-Ww --W--W Green-winged Teal Anas crecca wU w — wW-wwww UUww --WW-W MM B B B b B B B t B B b B b B b B B t t B b t B b B B b B B B B B B B B B B B t t B B B B B B B B B B B b b B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B t B B t B B B B b b B t B b B B B B B B t B t B B b b B B t b t b B B B B t B B B b B B B B B b b B B b b B B B B B t B B b - - - - b B t t t B t t t B t B B t t t B t B b t b ~ t B t ~ t B b b b B - t B - - t B B B - b B t b B B - B B b t B B B t t t ■ t < B b B B B B b b B B B t b B B B B b t b B t b B B b t b B t B B B b b B b B B b b B B b B b t B B B B b b B t b b B B t t b t t b B b B B b B B B t t B b B B b B 17 American Black Duck Anas rubripes -w-w ■w-w- t - - - t t - t _t t - - t - t - - - - t t t t - - t t - t - t - - Mallard Anas platyrhynchos UUwwUUUWUWU- UUUWWWWUww-M WWUWUwUUWUU -WWUWUUUw- wU Northern Pintail Anas acuta uu UW-- -U-wwww UWwU -wWW-WW--- -W Garganey Anas querquedula QLL 14D; April 4, 1991; Charlo n=2 B B B B t B t B b b B t B b B B b B B B B B B B b B B b B B B B B B B B B B B b B B t b t B B t b B t B b B B B B B B B B b B B B B B b 6 B b b B B b B b B b t B B B B B b B B b B b B B t B t B B t t B B t B b B B b b B B b B b B b B b B b B B t B B t t b B t b b B b B B b b b B b B t b B B B B B B B t B b t B b B B b B B B B B b B b b B B B B B B B B B B B t B b B b b B b t B t b B B b B B b B B B B b B B B B B B B b B b B b B B t t B b t B t t B t B B t B B B B b t b B t b t B t b t B B t B B t b B B B t 18 Ducks Blue-winged Teal Anas disc or s -w w W--W --W--W Cinnamon Teal Anas cyanoptera -w W--W Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata WW w W--U --Uw-w -w Gadwall Anas strepera UU WW-- WW--W-W W--W --WW-wW--- -w B b b b b B B B B b B B b B b B B B B B B B b B B B b b b B B B B t B B b B B B B B b b t B B B B b B B B B B B b t b b b b b b b b b b B b B B B B b b 6 B B B B B b t b B b b t t b b b b ~ B b B t B B B B t B B b b B B b B t t b B B b B B b t b b b t B b B b t B B B t t b B t B B b b b t b t t t B B B B B b B b B B B B B B B t t b B B B B B B b b B b B B B B b B b b B t t b B B b 19 Eurasian Wigeon Anas pen elope American Wigeon Anas americana Www-w — Ww-- Ww-wW WW-W ww- --WW-wW--- -W Canvasback Ay thy a valisineria www WW--U U --UW--W -w Redhead Ay thy a americana WW W-- WW--W w --wW-ww -w t ~ t t t ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ t t ~ - t * t t t t t " ~ ~ ~ - - - t t t t ~ ~ t * " ~ ~ - - - - - t - t t - - - B b b b b B b B B B B B B b B B b B B b t B B b b b t b B B t B t b t b B B b b B t B B B B B B B B B B B b t b b b t b b b t t B b B B B b b B B b b b B B b t 6 b t B B t B t b B B t B B b B B B B B b b b B B B t B t t b B B b t B B B B b b b b b B B t t B B B t t t b b 6 B B b B B B B B B t b b b t B B t t t B t t B t t t t t b * t t t b t t t t t B B B B b b B B b b t t b B B b t B B B B b b b b B t t t b t B B B B t t t B b B t 6 b b B b B B B B b b B t b b b B b b B t B b b t B b b t t t t b t t t B B B t t t b t B b B 20 Ducks Ring-necked Duck Ay thy a collar is Www WW--W W--W --W -w Greater Scaup Ay thy a mania --W w W--W --W Lesser Scaup Ay thy a af finis Ww W-- WW--W W-Ww --WW-wW--- -w Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus TES -w t B B B b b - - b t t t t t t b t B B b t t b b t t b b B t t b b t t t t t t t t t t B t t t t t t t B t t b - b b b t t t t t t B B t B t t - t t t t t t - t - - t - - - - t - t B t B B B b B B B b t b b t B b b b B b B B B b t t b b B t t t t t B b B t b B B b b B 6 t B B B t t t b t b b B t t B t B B b t B t t t t b b b B b b t t t b b t b t b B b t t t t t b t b b B B B B B B b B B B b - - - - - t - - b b B B B t B B B B t t B B B b B ~ ~ ~ ~ ■ ■ ~ " t b B " t b ■ ~ " ~ ~ ■ - - b b B B b - - - - - - - 21 Oldsquaw Clang ula hy emails U W-- -w-w w Black Scoter Melanitta nigra LL 17; Nov. 2 1979; Benton Lake n=4 Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata White-winged Scoter Melanitta fusca -w W--W - t t - - - - - - t t - t t " t • t t ~ ~ t ~ t * ~ t ~ t ~ t ~ t " ~ ~ " " - - t t t t t - - - - - t t t t - t t ------ t - t t _t t t t - t t - - t t t - t t t - t - - t - - t - t t t - - - - - t t - t t t t " t t t t t ~ ~ t t ~ ~ ~ t t t " t " " t ~ " " " - - t - t - t - - - - - 22 Ducks Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula UUU-UWWWWU-- wVMwWWW-ww-w UVMU---WUUU -UUUwUUW-- Barrow's Goldeneye Bucephala islandica WWW-W---WW-- -W--W-W WW-W ■ --WW-WWW-- WW Bufnehead Bucephala albeola UUw w- - Uw- -W-W-- -- - w- -w -- - ■ -WW-W WW ■ ~ " Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus www w--- WW--W-W WW-w --wW-w -w B b B B t t B t t t t t B B B t t t B t t t b B t t B B t t b b t t t t t t t t t t t t B t t t b t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t - t t t B B B B B b B b B t t ~ ~ t t t ~ t t b b t t t b B t t b t t ~ t t ~ ~ " ~ b t t t B t t t ~ t t ' ~ t t t b B b t t t - - B B t B b B B B t B t b t t t t t b b b b t B t t b t t t B t b t b " t t t t t t t b t t t t t t t t t t t b t t t B t t t t t t B B t B . t B B B B t t ■ ~ t t t t ~ t t t t t B B t t t ~ t t t ~ t t b t B t t B t ■ t * ~ t * t ■ B B t t ~ ~ t t ~ t t t t 23 Common Merganser Mergus merganser UWW-WW--WW-- WUW-WWU--W-W WU-W---WWWW --UUwWUU-- Red-breasted Merganser Mergus senator W--W "wW-w Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis Ww -W--W-- w --WW- B B b b t B B B b B B B B B B b B B t t B B B b t B b t b B B t B b b b B B B B b b B t b t B b B t t B b t B B b B B t b B t b B B t t B B t B B t t t t b B t B B B B B b b B B t t t t B B B - t t t t - t t t t - t t t t t t ~ t t ~ t t t t t t ■ t t t t t t • t t t t ~ - t t t - t - - B b B B B b - t t B B B b b B b B B B b b B t t t b B B B t t B b B B b B b B B B t b b b t t B b B t t t t t B b b t b b t b b t B b b B B t b t b b B b B FALCONIFORMES ■ Cathartidae Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura b t t t t t t t t - t - t t t t t b t B t b t t t B t - t b t b t b b b b t B t t t B t B t b B t t t t t t b t b t t t b b b b t b t b t t b B t b t t B t b t B B B - b 24 Accipitridae Hawks Osprey Pandion haliaetus Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus TES UUU-UU--WUW- UWVAAAJUUUw-U WUUUUWUUUUU wUUUUUUUwW WU Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus WW- -Www- WW- w WW-WW-WWW--W W-WWwwWwwww -WUwwWWW-w WW Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus WWWww WWW-W-W-- WWww ■ww- -WWW-W- ■W-- -W b t B B B B - t - - - t t - - B B B t B b b t B B B b t B B B B B B t B B b t • t B B B b " t B t B t b B B B B B t t t t - t - B B B B b B B t t B B B b b B B b t B - ~ B B b B B B B B B B t B B 6 B B B B B B B B B B B B b B B B B B B t t B B t B t b B B B B B B B B b B B t t t t t t t t B b B t t B B B B b b b t b B b t b b b B B b B b b B t b t b B t t t B b b b B t B b b B B b B t b b t t t B b B t t B b b t b B B B - b b b t t t - t t b t b b t t t t t b b t t B b t b t B b b B t t t t t b t t t t B B B B b b - - t t t B t t t b t b t B t B t t b t b t t b 6 t t b b 25 Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii wvw Www — w wwUw w-w --WW-W-W-- w- Northem Goshawk Accipiter gentilis TES WWW WWw-- -WWWW-ww WwWWW-w-www -WWWww-W-- -W Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo li neat us LL 3; Sept. 13, 1965; West Glacier n=2 Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus t t b B B B b b t - t t t t t t t B b t t t t t b t b B t B b B b b B b b t B B t t t t B B B B B - b - b t t t b b b b B B t b t b b B t b t B b t b b b B b t B t t B B b B b - t t B - t t t t - t b t t t B b B B t B B t - 6 t b t b - - B t B t t B t t B t B t B B b t t t t t - b b B B t B B B t b t b b B B B B B t b B b B t t t - - _t t t t - t - t t - - t t - t t t t t - - - 26 Hawks Swainson's Hawk Buteo swain son/ Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis UU W-- WWwww-w w U--W--WW-WW wUUwwUUW-- -w Ferruginous Hawk Buteo regalis TES -WW -w — w- Rough-Iegged Hawk Buteo lagopus UWWUUU-WUUUw WUUWUUWUUUUw WUWUUUUUUWM uuuuuuuuuu WW t b b B t B t b B B B B B B B B B B b b t b b B t b b t b B B t t B b b B B B B B B B B B b B t t t t t t B t t B b t B t B B b b B B b B B t B b b B t t t b B B b b b B B b b t B t t B b B B b t b B b b B B B B B b b t B b b B b t b B B B B B b b t t b t B B t b B t t B B B B B b B B B B B B b B t t b b t b b t b B B b t B B B t t B B B B B b B B B B B B t B b t b b t B b B t B B t B B b B b B B t t t t t t t B t t t B B B B B B B B B B t t B t t b B B b t t B B B B b B B B B t B B t - t b B B b B B B t t B t b B b b b t t b t t - t B • B t B B B B b B B B B B t t b B B b B b - B B t B b B t t b t t b B B t t b B t b B t B t B B - B b t t t t t t t t ~ t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t 27 Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos uwwwuwuuwuwu uva;uuwwwuuwu UUwUWWWVAAJw WUUUWWUWVM wW ■ Falconidae American Kestrel Faico sparverius WW W-- WW-www U-www-wwww- --Ww-W-W-w Merlin FaIco columbarius wwU-WUw-Uww- ww-WW-ww — U WW-W www -WW--W-W-W Peregrine Falcon FaIco peregrinus TES wU — w-wwW-- -W--W--WW-W- W--W-WW-W-- -wUw-w B B b t t b B b B B B B B b b b b B b B B B b t t b b b B t t b b B b B b t B b B B t B b B B 6 b t B t t b B t b t B B B t B B B t b B b t B B t t B B B B B b B b b B B B b B B B t B t B B b B B t B t B B t b B B b B t B t B b B t b B B t b b t B B B B b t b B b B b b B b t B t B t b B t b b B t b b B B B b B t b B b B B B b b B B B t B t t B B t B B t b B B B b B b t B t B B B t B B t B t b t b B t b B b B B B b B t b t B t B B B B t t b t b t t B b t t B t t B b b t t B b t b B t b B B B B B t b b b B B t B t b B b t t t b t t b t t t t t t t B t B B ~ B B b b b B t t b b b B B t b - t t B t b t t ■ b b b t t b b t B B b t t t b b t b t t t t t B t t t t t " B t t t b B B b b - t B t b t t t t B ~ b t b t t b t 6 t t t t t t t B b b t B B t t ~ B B t B 28 Grouse Gyrfalcon Faico rusticolus -w wW-- -W-WWWW--W-- WwwwwW --W---WW-- Prairie Falcon FaIco mexicanus wU-wWU—UU-w wU-UU-UWUwwW UUWUU-MWWWW -UUUwWWWUU w- t - - t - t - t t - - t_ t_ t t t t - t t t t - - t - - t_ t_ _t t t t t t - - t - t - t t - t t t - t t b b t t b B b B B B B b B b B B b t b B B b t t t B B B t B B B B b B B B b t B t b B B B B B t B B t B t B B B b t B b B B t t B B t B B b B t B B B B t B B B B B b B B B GALLIFORMES ■ Phasianidae Gray Partridge Perdix perdix (introduced) WUUUUUWWUUWU wU-WWWUUWUwU wwwwuuuuuww wWWUwUWWW- -w Chukar Alectoris chukar (introduced) -W- -W ---w-w b b b b B B B b B B b b B B B B B B B B b b B t b B b b B b b B b B B b b b b B t ~ B b B B B B b B B B b b B t t B b B B B B B B B b B B B B B t B t b B t B b b B B B b b t B B B B B b B B - b t - - - - - - - - - - B - - - - - - - - - - - b - - - - - - - - - - - b t - B b B b - - - - 29 Ring-necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus (introduced) ww-uwuwwwwwu UWUUUWUUUWU -WWWwWWWU- Spruce Grouse Dendragapus canadensis uuuu- WUUw- WW-- Blue Grouse Dendragapus obscurus WWWW--W — UUUw-UUU--- WW-wWUW--- --WW -w Willow Ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus LL 3; Feb. 21, 1914; Midvale n=1 b B B b B b t b B b B b b B b b B b B B B B B B B B B B B b B - B B B b b b B B b b B B b B B B b B b b B 6 b 6 b B b t 6 B B 6 b B B B t B B t B B t B B b b B B b B b B B B b B b b B b B b B b b b B b B b - - B B B B b B b ~ - - - - - - - B B B B t - - - - - - - B B B B - - - - - - - B B B - - - - - - - - - - B B B B B B B B B - - B - - - - - B B b t B b B B B b B b - - - - b b B b b B b t b B B t B t B B B - - - - b B B B B B b B B B t B B b B - - - B B B B • 30 Grouse White-tailed Ptarmigan Lagopus leucurus -w Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus uuuw WWUw-UUww--- UWWwwUU -WUWw -W - B B b B - - - - - - - - - - B B - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b b B B B B t - - - - - - - - b B B B B t B b B t B B B B B t B t - - - - B b b B t B b b b b b B B B B B B B t - - - B t b b B B B B B B t B B b * " B B B B Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus WWWWW-- • WWWW-- ---WW-WWWWw ---w-wuwww -w - - - - t b B b B B B B b B - - - - - - b B B b B B B B B b B B - - t B B B B B B b B B b B B B B B B B B b B B B b B B b B B B 31 Greater Prairie-chicken Tympanuchus cupido LL 12; Medicine Lake; (MT Outdoors 11:25) n=1 Sharp-tailed Grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus WUWUWVAMAAAJ -U-WUWUVMMJ W--WUUWUUUU --UUmWUWWU Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo (introduced) WW W-W--WWWU--W U--UWWWWWUW ---W-wWWWW Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus LL 2; Feb., 1982; Big Fork n=9 (introduced) b B B B b B b B B B b B B B B B B B B B B B t b B b B - b B b B B b B B B B B b B B B B B B B b b b t b B B B B B B B b B B b b B B - b B B b B b B B B b B t b B B - b t t B B B b B ~ ~ B B " t ~ " * B B b t b b t B B B B ~ b t B B b B B B B B B B B t B t b b B b ~ B b B B B B B - - b b b 32 D GRUIFORMES ■ Rallidae Yellow Rail Coturnicops noveboracensis QLL KB; Sept. 30, 1984; East Bay, Flathead Lake n=3 Virginia Rail Rallus limicola W--W -W---W Sora Porzana Carolina w --W--H Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus LL 15; May 2, 1972; Seeley Lake n=1 Rails b t b b b t b b B B t b — B t ~ " " t ~ ~ - - b t B " B t b ~ B ~ - b - B B ~ 6 b b B t t b t - b b b b b B B b - B b b b b B b B b b b b b b b B b b b B B b t " B b b B b b B b B B t b b b b b b B B B B B b b B b b b b b b b b b B b B t B B b B t b b b b b B B b B 4 t 33 American Coot Fulica americana uu w--- www-u u-ww --wW-W B t B B B B B b B b B B b B t b B B b b B b b B B B B b B B B t b t B B b B t B b B b B B B b t B B t B B b B t t t B t B b B t B B t b B t B t b B b t B t t b b t B t b B b b B b t B b B t B B B B B t B B B b B B b b b B B B Gruidae Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis Whooping Crane Grus americana TES t b B b B B b b t t t - t t b t b t t t t - t t t B b b b t t - b t t t t t t t B b t B B b B B B b B b B b B t t t t t t t B B b B t B B B b B B t b t t t t t t B B B B B t t t - - t - - t t - - t t t t t - t - - t t t - - t - t t t t n CHARADRIIFORMES ■ Charadriidae Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola 34 t t - - - - t t t t t _t t t t t-tt-tttt-t t t t - t t t t t - - t - _t t t t t - t - - t t t I t| I I I t Cranes, Plovers Lesser Golden-plover Pluvialis dominica Snowy Plover Charadrius alexandrinus LL 41; Sept. 5. 1982; Broadview n=4 TES Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus Piping Plover Charadrius melodus TES - t - - - - - - t t t - t t t - t t - t t ~ " " t t t - " ~ ~ " t t t _ . t - - - 1 t - - - tl 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - b - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - t t - t - - t t * t t t ■ t t t t t t t t " t t " t t t t t t t ■ t t t t t t t t t - - t t ~ t t - « B B . _ _ _ - - - B - - b B B B B B B - - - t - - - - " B " - - - t - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - 35 Killdeer Charadrius vociferus WW--WW--W--- WW--W U-WW — wwww -wWW-W-U-- Mountain Plover Charadrius montanus TES B b B B B B b B b B B b B b b B B b B b t B b B B B B B B b b B B t B B b b B b t b B B b b B B b B B B b B b B B B b B b B b b B B b B B b B b B B t B t B b B B B b b b B B b b B B b b b B b B t B B B B B t t b B B b b B b B t B b b b B b B b B B B B B - t - - - b b 6 B B B B b - B B " ~ " ~ b " " 6 t t - - b " " ~ B B B b ~ B b b B ~ b t " • " t - - - - - Recurvirostridae Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus American Avocet Recurvirostra amerlcana - - - t - - - t B B B - - t B B t ~ t t t B B " t " " " ~ ~ t t ~ t b t t B " " " " t b t ~ ~ t ~ b t * * * • - t - t t b t b t t b t b B t b b b b b B B 6 B B B t t t B t t B t t t t B B t b B B b b B t B B t B t B t t t t b B t t t b b t t b b B t t t t t t t t B t B B b t t t t b b B t B 36 Scolopacidae Sandpipers Greater Yellowle^s J ring a melanoleuca Lesser Yellowl^s Tringa flavipes Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t ~ t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t - ~ t * t t t t t t t t ttt-tttttttt t_ li L t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t_ t_ t t t t t t t t t t t t t _t t t ttttttttt It I It I I t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t_ L t t t t t t t - t - t t - t t t t ttttttttttt t t t t t t t t t t t I I |t I I I t b t b B b - t t b B b B b B b B B t b b b b b t B B t b B B b t t t t B t b B b B t b b b b t b t t - t b t b B B B b t t t B t t B t b B t t t t t B b B t b B 37 Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus B b B B b b B B B B B B b B b B b b B B b B t B b b b B t b B B B b b B b b b B B B B b b b b b b b b B B b B B b B b B b B t b b b b t B B b B b b B b B b B t b t B t B B B b B b B B b b b b b b b B B b b b t b t t b b B b b b b B B B b b b b B t b B B b B t t ~ B b B b B b b B b b B b b b t b t b b t b - - b B b B b t B b b B b b B B b B b t ~ B b B b b b B B B t - - t t t - - _t t t t t - - - - t - - t t - - t - - t t - - - t - t t t - - - b b t b b b t B t b B B B B b 6 b b b B b b b b b t b B b B b t t " B b t B b b B b B B b B t b b b t t b t B b b B b B B b b B B B B B b b B B t b b t b " B t B b b B b t 6 B B B 6 B a 38 Sandpipers Hudsonian Godwit Limosa haemastica QLL 9C; April 29, 1991; Bowdoin NUR n=11 Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa Ruddy Turnstone A r en aria inter pres Black Turnstone Arenaria me/anocepha/a LL 3; Aug. 28, 1957; Lake McDonald n=l t t t - - _t t t - t t t - - t - t t b t b t t t b b t t b B b B B t b t b b B t t b B B b t t t B b B b t t b t t t b t t b t t t t B " t t ~ t t t - - b b b b ~ t " t b t t t t - t _t t t t - t t - - - - t - - t t t - - t - - - t 39 Red Knot Calidris canutus QLL 9C; May 13, 1988; Bowdoin NUR n=17 Sanderling Calidris alba Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri t - - t _t t t - - - - t - - t t - - t t - - t - - - - t t t - t t t t t t t - t t - - - - t - - t t t--ttttt-tt t t t t t t - - t - - t t - t t t t t t * t ~ ~ t t t t * t t t t t t • t t t t t t * " t t t ' t ■ " - t - - - t - - t - - t t t_ t t t ttt-t----t-- t t t - t t t - t t - t - _t t t t t t - t • 40 Sandpipers Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicol/is QLL 2A; July 29, 1985; Dry Lake, Fortine n=14 Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos tt--ttt-tt-t t_ L t t t tttttttt-ttt t_ t_ t t t--tt-ttttt t t t t t t t t t - - t t t - t - - - - - - t t - t - - - - - - - - - t t - - t - - - - - t - - t - - - t - - - - - - - - - t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t - t t t t " ~ t ~ t t " t t t t t t t t t " t t t t - - t t t ~ ' t t t - t t t t - t - t t t - t t t_ L t t t tttt-tt-ttt t t - - t t - t t t t - t t t t - t t - - t - t 41 Dunlin Calidris alpina Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea LL 17; May U, 1972; Benton Lake n=1 Stilt Sandpiper Calidris himantopus Buff-breasted Sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis LL 14; Fall. 1982; Pablo Reservoir n=8 t t t - t t t t t t t - - t - - t - - - - t - t t - - - t t t t t ttt----tt--t t t t t t t t t - - t - - - - t - - t t - t t - - t t - t - t__t t t t - - - - t - t I 1 1 I I I t t - - t - - t - - - - t 42 Sandpipers Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus QLL 25B; July 23, 1988; south of Frenchtown n=19 Long-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago WW Ww-- WW--W-W w WmWW WW -wWWwW WW American Woodcock Scolopax minor LL 14; Oct. 1, 1983; Ninemi le Creek n=2 - t - - - - - t - - t - t - t - - - - - - - - t t - - - - - - - - t - - - t - - - - - - - - - t t t t t t t ~ t t t t t t t t t t t t t - t t t t ■ t t t t t t t t t " t t t t t t t t t t * t ~ t t t t t t - b b b t b B B B b B b B b b t b B b b b b b b b b t b b b b t b B B B b b B b t t b b b b t b b b b b b b b b B B b B B b b b b b b B b B b b b t b b B b b B B t b b b B B t B t B B B t B b b b b b b B B b B 4 t 43 Wilson's Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus Red Phalarope Phalaropus fulicaria QLL 9C; July 24, 1984; Bowdoin NUR n=6 b B t b B b b b b b B b b B b b b b b t B B B b t b b B - t B t B t b B B b b B B b b B B b t b t b B b b t B t b b b b t b t b b t b b B B B t b b t b b t b B t t B b t b B t b b b t b b B b t b b B B t t t - - - - t t t t t _t t t t t t-tttt-tttt t t - t t t t t - - t - t t t t t - - t t - t _t Laridae Pomarine Ja^er Stercorarius po mar in us QLL 40B; June 28, 1990; Ha If breed NWR n=4 t - - - - t 44 Jaegers, Gulls Parasitic Ja^er Stercorarius parasiticus QLL 2D; Nov. 15, 1987; near Somers n=13 t t t t t t t Long-tailed Ja^er Stercorarius longicaudus QLL 14B; Sept. 30, 1988; Flathead Lake southwest of Wildhorse Island n=6 Laughing Gull Larus atricilla LL 27; May 27, 1980; Warm Springs n=1 Franklin's Gull Larus pipixcan SI t t - - t t t - t t * t - - b t b b b t B t t b t t t b t B t t B B t t t t t t B B t t t t t t t t t t t - t b t t t t t t t t t - t t t B t ~ t t t t B t B 45 Bonaparte's Gull Larus Philadelphia Mew Gull Larus can us LL 10; Oct. 26, 1977; Ft. Peck n=1 Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis SI wW WW-- WW W-- "-W --W--W California Gull Larus californicus SI -Ww-w W-- -w W-- ---W --WW-W t t t t t - t t _t t t t t t - t t - - - - t - - t t t ttttttt--t- t t t t - - - t - - t I I I I I t t t t t t B t t b t t B t b B B t t b b b t t B B B t t t t B t t t t B t b t b t B B b t t B t t t t B t t B B t t t t t t t b t B B t t t t t t t B t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t B t t t t t - B t t t t t t B t t b t t B b b B B b b b B b t t b B B B t t t b t B t t B b t t B B b t B B t b B t t t t B B t t - t t b t t t B B t t t t t B t t t t - - t t t t t t t t t - t t t b B b t t 46 Gulls Herring Gull Larus argentatus WW W-- WW--W W-- Thayer's Gull Larus thayeri QLL 10D; Nov. 16, 1991; Ft. Peck n=3 Iceland Gull Larus glaucoides LL 10; Dec. 14, 1979; Ft. Peck n=2 — w Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus LL 10; Jan., 1984; Ft. Peck n=11 W-- W-- t t t t - t - - - B t t - t t t t t ~ t t t " t t t t t t ~ * t " t " t - - t - t - - t - - - - t t_ — »— ^^ ^^^—^ ^B-^^™ I ■ I I ■ ■ ^^^^-^ ^i^^^™ _^.^1_> B^^^—B ' "^^^^^ ^^ t « t t - - - t t - - 47 Glaucous-winged Gull Larus glaucescens QLL 14B; Jan. 26, 1991; Poison n=2 t Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus QLL 10D; Feb. 21, 1987; Missouri River below Ft. Peck power plant n=2 t Black-l^ged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla QLL 28A; Nov. 23, 1990; Canyon Ferry Dam n=4 W-- W-- t - - - t Sabine's Gull Xema sabini QLL ID; Sept. 17, Libby Dam n=10 1985; _t_ t - - t t t - t - t 48 Terns Ivory Gull Pagophila eburnea LL 10; May 25, 1974; Ft. Peck n=1 Caspian Tern Sterna caspia SI Common Tern Sterna hirundo SI Forster's Tern Sterna forsteri SI - - - - - - - • - t - - - b t t t t - - t - t b b t " t t B B - t t B " t ~ ~ ~ ~ t B ■ ■ t - t t b B t ~ ~ ~ " ' t - - t - t t - t - - - t B B - B t t b b t b b B B B t t t B t B B B - B t t B B ~ t B B t B ~ t t t t B t t B t - t - - - t t t t - t - - t b n t - t b t - - ~ ~ t t t " t B t - b B t t - ■ t t t B " ' t t t - - B t ■ B t t t t t - - t t - t ~ t ~ t B t b 49 Least Tern Sterna antillarum QLL 43A; June 5, 1991; Castle Rock, Colstrip n=8 TES Black Tern Chlidonias niger - - - - - - - - - - B B t - - - - - - - - - B B - - - - - - t - - - - 6 - - - - - - - - t - - - - B B b B b b B B * B b b t B B t t t B t B t t ~ B b B t b B t t t b B t t B t B b b t t b t t b t b b b t t - B t - t t t B t b Alcidae Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus QLL 15C; June 26, 1985; North end of Seeley Lake n=1 TES Ancient Murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus LL 10; Dec. 10, 1979; Ft. Peck n=5 t t t t - t 50 COLUMBIFORMES ■ Columbidae Doves Rock Dove Columba livia (introduced) WWUWWVAAAAAM UWUUWUUUWwUW WWWW WW -UUWWW---W W- Band-tailed Pigeon Columba fasciata QLL 15A; Sept. 25, 1991; Spotted Bear Ranger Station n=18 White-winged Dove Zenaida asiatica LL 17; June 27, 1979; Benton Lake NWR n=1 Mourning Dove Zenaida macro ura WW---W--W--- -w ■ u-w ■ --WW-W B b b b b b B b b B B B b b B B B b B B b B b b b B b B B b b t t b b B t b B B B B B b b B b B b b t B b b B B B B B b B B b b b b B B B b b B B B b b b b ~ B b B t B B b t B b b b - B b b ttt--t t ttt t t B B t b B b b b b b t b t t B B t t B B b B b b B B b t b B t t b B b_t b t B t t t b B B b B b B b t B B b B B b b b b B B bT B B B B B B B b B b t b B b b B t t b B b t b B t b 51 CUCULIFORMES ■ Cuculidae Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus n STRIGIFORMES ■ Tytonidae Common Barn-owl Tyto alba QLL 26A; July 7, 1991; Rattlesnake drainage north of Missoula n=10 ■ Strigidae Flammulated Owl Otus flammeolus QLL 25D; July 29, 1991; Blodgett Canyon n=9 TES b " ~ t b b b b b b b b b b t b ~ b ~ b b b b b b b b b t b " ~ b B B " b b b b b b b b B b b b b b " b b b b B B B b b B - t t t - - t t t b b b - _t b - - b - b b b t - - - - - t - t - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - t - - - t - t - - - - 52 - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B t t B B t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cuckoos, Owls 4 ■A:/ ^M^,., \\jKtCA Eastern Screech-owl Otus asio QLL 41B; Dec, 12, 1988; Yellowstone River north of Huntley n=13 SI Ww--- Westem Screech-owl Otus kennicottii SI -w U Great Homed Owl Bubo virginianus UWVMAJ-UUWUw uwuwuuuuwwva; WUVAJ-wU-www -wWWWWVAM- -W - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b - - - - - t - b - - - - - - - b b - - - - b - - t B t b - - - - - t t t - - - - - - - - - - - b - b - - - - - - - - t B - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B b B B B b B B B t b B b B b B b B B B B B B B b t t b B t t B t b B B B B b B B B B t B B t B t B t t b B B B B t B b t t t B B B B B B t B B t B B b b B b B B B B B B t B B t B B B B B b B B B B 53 Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca Wm-wWUwUVAAM -W-wUwwWUUww w--wUWUwww- W-W-WWW--W Northern Hawk-owl Surnia ulula LL 14; Dec. 20, 1981; Pablo Reservoir n=12 -w --W Northern Pygmy-owl Glaucidium gnoma www wwww WWWW-w --WW Burrowing Owl Speotyto cunicularia (formerly genus Athene) TES w tttttttttttt _t t t t ttttttttttt ^—^— —— ^___ ^_^^ _____ ^^__ ^___ ^___ ___^ tttttttttt- tt t t t - t t t t t t t b b B b - - - - - - - - t t t b t t t b b b b b t - - - - - - t t t b b t t t t - - - t - B t b b b B b . . . . t - - b t b b B b t ~ ~ B b B b B b B B B B t B B B t B B B " b t " b B t t b t B B B B t t t ~ b B t b B b b t b B B B b B b t b B B 6 b B t B b t t t b 54 Owls Barred Owl Strix varia WW wWw Great Gray Owl Strix nebulosa TES WWW --W W--W --W Long-eared Owl Asio otus WW---W--W--W -W-w W-W w- --Ww-wWWw- Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus -W-WWW-WWW-w -W-WW---WW-- WW-WwWwwwww --W-wW-Ww- -W b B b b b b - - - - - - - - b t t b t B t " - - - - - - - t t B t t b t - - - - . _ . _ t - - t - - - - - - - - b B b b B b b b - - - - - t - - - t t t b b - - B - - - - - t t t B t B b t t b b B b - - - - - - b B t b B b B t - - - - - - b b B b t t b - b b t t t t B t - b t t ' b B ~ t B b B B B t b - B B b t b t B b t B B B t B B B b t t B B B B b b B 1 - b 1 « t b b t B B b b b b B B B t B b b B B b t b b B t t t B B t t t B b t t B B b B B b B t b b b B t B b b b b b B b t b B B b t t B b t t t b t b b t B t b b b B b b 55 Boreal Owl Aegolius funereus TES -w --W Northern Saw-whet Owl Aegolius acadicus www W-- -W--W--W W-w --Ww-wWW-- -w b b t B b - - - - - - - - - - - b b b b - - - - - - - - b b t t b b b - b - - - - - - b b b b b - t t - - - - - - - - b B B b - - - - - t t - - t t b t t t b b - B b - - - b t - t - - b b t B t t t t . b t t . B B b b b - - B b t t b b - t - b D CAPRIMULGIFORMES ■ Caprimulgidae Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor B b b B b t b B t b b B b B t B B b B b b b B B b t b b b b b B b B b t t b t t b b b b b b B b b B B b b t t B b b b B b B B B B b b B t t b B b B B b t b b b b B B t B b B b b b B t b b B b b b b 6 b B b B b b B b B t t B b b B b B b t b Common Poorwill Phalaenoptilus nuttallii - - - - b t - - - b - - t b - b - - B B b b b - t t t t b - ~ t b B ~ B B " t b b * " b t t B b B B B - - 56 Nightjars, Swifts Whip-poor-will Caprimulgus vociferus QLL ID; June 28, 1990; Libby Dam n=1 t_ APODIFORMES ■ Apodidae Black Swift Cypseloides niger Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica Vaux's Swift Chaetura vauxi t b b b t B b - - • - - - - - - b b B . . . . . ^ _ _ ^ t t t t t t - t - - - - - - t - t B B t t - - - - - - - - - t - b - - - - - - - t B B t - - t b - t - t b b - - - b B b b b b B b - - - - - - - - - b b B t b t t b - - - - - - - - t B b B t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 57 White-throated Swift Aeronautes saxatalis b t b b - b - - - - - - t B b b b t b b b b b t B " " * t t t b B B b b b b b b - - - b B B b b " b b B b B t B b b t B t " b - - Trochilidae Ruby-throated Hummingbird Archilochus colubris QLL 15B; June 10, 1988; Webb Lake (Spotted Bear River) n=7 Black-chinned Hummingbird Archilochus alexandri Anna's Hummingbird Calypte anna LL 41; Jan. 23, 1983; Billings n=5 -w- - - - - - - - - B - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b B t t - - - - - - - - - b b b - - - - - - - - - t t B B t - - - - - - - - B b - - t - t - - - - - - - t t t - - t - - - - 58 Hummingbirds, Kingfisher Calliope Hummingbird Stellula calliope Broad-tailed Hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus LL 13; May 19, 1981; St. Regis n=10 Rufous Hummingbird Selasphorus rufus B B b B b b b B b b b - - - - - - - b b b B b B B b b b - - t - - - - - t b 6 B b B b b t b b b b - - - - t - t b b b B t b b b B - - - - - B b t b t t b B b b B B B t t t - - - - - - b b b B b t t B t b b B B B t - - - - - - - b t t b t t b t B B b - t - - - - - - B t b b b ~ B t t t t B ■ " " ' - t 1 CORACIIFORMES ■ Alcedinidae Belted Kingfisher Ceryle alcyon WWw-U W-- wwww-ww UWWww w- -UUWmUUU-- WW b b b t B B b b b b B - b b b b b b b t b b b b b t B t b b t b B t t B b t B b b b b B B t t b b b b b b t b B B B b b b b b b b B b B t t t B B t B B b b b B b b B b B t B B B b B b b b b b b B B b b 59 PICIFORMES ■ Picidae Lewis' Woodpecker Melanerpes lewis Ww uw --W--W-W-- Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus --W-- Red-bellied Woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus LL 10; Dec. 1, 1981; Ft. Peck n=1 W-- Red-naped Sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchal is (formerly combined with Yellow-bellied Sapsucker) w B b B b B - - b b - - - - - b b B b t B t B t b t b t - - - - B B B t t B t t b b t t t t b - - t b b B b B B B B B B - B b - t b t B ~ t t • b B b B B B b B - t b t - B B B B B t t b B t b ~ ~ t b b b t B b B B B B b b t b ~ ~ t B B b t B b B b - ^^-^— ^^^^ ^^^^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ I b b t B B B b b - 6 - t - - - b b B B B b B t B b t b B B B - B B t - - - t B b B B b B b b b B B B B B B t - - - - b b b t b b b t B t b B B B B b B b - - B B b B 60 Woodpeckers Williamson's Sapsucker Sphyrapicus thyroideus Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens WUUwWWwUWWWw WWUwWWU-UW-U WUWUmwWwww- WWWU-UwUWU -w Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus UUUwVAJwUwU-w UUUwUWU--WwU WUUW-wUwUw- wWUUWUwWUU -w White-headed Woodpecker Picoides albolarvatus QLL IB; March 23, 1991; Parsnip Overlook Trail southwest of Eureka n=6 B B b b B - b b b B b t - - - - - - - - - b b b B b b b B - - - - - - - - - b b b B ■ B B B B ■ * ~ ~ ~ ■ B b b b b B b b B b b b b b b b b t b B b b b b B B t B t B b t b B b t b b B t t t t b b B b B B t t B t b b t b b b B B b b t b t b b b t B B B B t b B t b b B b b b b b b b b - B b b t b B B B b b b B t b B t b b b b b b b b B t B t B B B B t b b b b t t b B b B b t b B b B B b t B B B B B B b t t b b B B B b t b t b b b B b B B B B B B b b b B b b b B B B b b « t t t _t t 61 Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus www www WW --W Black-backed Woodpecker Picoides arctic us TES WWW w -w-w Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus SI WWWwWWwWWW-w WWWWWWWW---W WWWWWWWwWWw wWWW-WwWWW w- Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus WWW-- WWW-- WWw- B b B B B b b b • ~ * * - ~ ~ ~ t b b B t B ~ ■ ■ " ~ " ~ * * b t B B B b t b b ~ " ~ ■ * B b b B b b " b ~ - - B " " b B B t b b b " ~ ~ ~ ~ " ~ ~ • b b b B - - - - - - - - t t t B B b b t - - - - - - - b - b b B - - - b t - - b b B b b B B b b B b b t b b B t B B b 6 b B b b B B B B t B b b B b b B b B b t B b B b b b b b B B B b b t t b b B b B b B B b B B B t t b B b B B b B B b B b B b t b t B t B b B b b b B B b b b B B b B B t B B B t b B t b b B b B B B b b b B b B b b b B B B b b b b B B - - - - - - - - - b b t b b b B b B B b - - - - - - - - B b B B t b B t t b B B b t - - - - - - - B t b b t ~ ~ ~ ~ * ~ " " ~ - - 62 PASSERIFORMES ■ Tyrannidae Flycatchers Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus borealis Western Wood-pewee Contopus sordidulus Eastern Wood-pewee Contopus virens LL 8; June 6, 1970; Dodson n=2 Alder Flycatcher Empidonax alnorum QLL 16A; Sept. 11, 1991; Pine Butte Swamp n=3 b b b t b b B b b - - - - - - - - - b b b b t b b B b b b b b b t t - - - - b b b t b B b b b b b b t t t - t t b b t b b B b t b b b - - - - b b b b B B B B b B b B b b B b b b B b b b B b b B B t b b b B t b B b B B b B B b b b b b b b b b b b b t b b b b b B B B b B b b b B b b b B b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b B B B B b B b B b b t b b b b b B ■ B t - - - - t t t (i3 Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii Least Flycatcher Empidonax minimus Hammond's Flycatcher Empidonax hammondii Dusky Flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri b b b B b b b B t b b b b t b b - t - - b B b B B b B b b b b b b b t - - - - b b b B b B b B b b b B b b t b t t - b b b b b b b B b - b - b - t b B B b b t b - - b b - t t b b B b b b b b b b b b b B t t " b b B b b b B b - t b b b b B b - b b b b b t b b B b b b b b b " ~ B b B b B B b b b b b " " b B B b - - - - - - - - - b b b b b b b B b - - t - - - - - - b b b b b b b b b b B B b b - - - - - - - B b b b b t b b b B B B t b ~ b ~ ~ B B ~ b B b B b b b b b b b - b b - - - - B b b b B b b b B b b b b b - B b B - - - - B B B t b B b b B b b b b b - - - - b b B B b b B B b b t b - b - - b b B B B 64 Flycatchers Cordilleran Flycatcher Empidonax occidentalis (formerly Western Flycatcher) Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe QLL 190; Aug. 13, 1985; Lewistown n=5 Say's Phoebe Sayornis say a Ash-throated Flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens LL 27; Aug., 1978; Helena n=9 B b b B B b b B b b B b b - b t - t b - b - - - - b b b b b B B t b "■ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ t b b ~ ~ b b b t t b ~ ~ ■ ~ b b b t t_ t t_ t t b t b b t B B B b b B B b B b b b t b b B b t b b b B t b B b b b B B B b B B b b b t t b b B b b B B t B t t B B B t b b b b b b B B b - B B t b B t b B b B t b B b b b B t B b b b t (' t - - - - t - - - t t t - 65 Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus LL 45; June 12, 1972; Hamnond n=2 Cassin's Kingbird Tyrannus vociferans SI Western Kingbird Tyrannus vertical is Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - B b - B - - - - - - t - B b t b b b b b B B b b B B B b B b B B b t b B b b B B B b B t B B b t t B 6 b b B B B B b B B B t b b b b b b b t B b b B B b B b b B - B B B t b t t b b b b b b b t b b b b B b B B B B b b b t t b b b b t t t b b b b b b B B B b B B B b B B B B b B t b b t B b b b B B B b t B t b B B b b t t b b B B B B B B B b B B B b t t b b b b b b b t b b b B b b B B B B B b B B B B B B B b b b t b b B B b b b b b t b b b b B B B B B B B B B b t b b b b b t b t t b B 66 Swallows Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus forficatus QLL 48B; June 10, 1986; Conner n=6 t t - - t - - - - t t t - - - - - —— ^^— •^-^— I I * * * * Alaudidae Homed Lark Eremophila alpestris WVAMWWWUWWWW WUWWWWUWUUUU -wUUwU-WUW WW ■ Hirundinidae Purple Martin Progne subis LL 10; May 10, 1982; Ft. Peck n=18 Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor b b b b b b b t B b B B B B B B B B t b b t B b b b B t b b b b b B b B B t b b B B b B B B B B B t t b b b b b b t b b 6 b b B B B B B B B b B b B t b b t B B t b b b B b b t b b t b B B 6 B b B B b b B b B 1 t t b B t t B B - - - - - - - - t t t t - - - - t - t - - - - t - t - - - - - b b t - - t t - - t - - - - • - - B B b B B t b B b B t b b b t B B b - B b B t B b b b B B t B B b t B B B B b B B b b t B t B B b B t b b t t b t t B B t B b B B b B b t B t B B b b t t b t B t b B t B B t B B B B B t b B b B t B B b b t B B t b b b B B B B 67 Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta thalassina Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis Bank Swallow Riparia riparia Cliff Swallow Hirundo pyrrhonota b b b B B B - B t b - t B b - b B b B b B t b B t b t B B B B B B b B b b t - t b b t t B b b b t t t t b b b B B b B B b t - b b - B t B b t b b b b t b b B B B B t B b B b 6 b b B b b B B b b b t b t b B B B b b b - b B - t b b B b b b b b b b b B b B b b b B b B b t b b b t t t b b B b B B b b b b b t B B b t b t B b t t t b B t B B B t b B b b b b b t b B B b b b b t B B B b B B B b B B B B b B t b b b B B B t b b t b B B b b b b B b b b t B t B t t b t B B B B b - - B B B B B t b t B B t B B t t " B t B 6 t B B b b b t B B B B b B B b t b B B B B B B 6 b B B B B b B B B B b B B b b B B t B B t b B B B b t B B B B B B B B b B B B t B b b t B b t t t t b b B t t B B 6 B B B B B B B B t B t B B t b B b B t B t t t B t t t t t t B B B B B B B B B B t b b B b t t t t 6 B B B B 68 Jays Bam Swallow Hirundo rustica b B b B B t B B B B B b B B B B B b B b B b b B B B 6 B b b B B B t B B b B B t t B B B b b B B t b B B b b B B B B B B t B t t B B t t B b b B B b B bb B t B B B B B t B B t t B B b B b B B t B b B B t B B t B b t B b t t b t t B B b t B b t B t b B B B B B Corvidae Gray Jay Perisoreus canadensis www WWW--W"- www W-WW-w- -w Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri www • www • WWWw ■ -WWWwW--- -w Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata WWW--WW-WW-- -WWWw-W W W-WW---WWW- -WWw-W b B b B b B - - - - - t - - - b t b b t b B t b b B b B b b t - - - - - b t b t t B B B b b b b B b b b b - - - - - t t t b b b b B B B t t b - - - - B t b b t b b b b B - - - - - - - - - b t b b B t b B t b b b B b b ~ ~ • ~ * ~ ** b b b B b b b b t b t - - - b b b b b b b b B B b t ~ ~ ~ " 6 t b t t t t t t t t - t t t t - t t B t t t b t - t t t t b - t - t t - b t t t t t t t t t t t - - b b t t - t t t t t t - - b B b t 69 Pinyon Jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus WW — UwUU-WUVAAA^ UwUU-WUUWW Clark's Nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana WWWWW-wW — wwww-wwww--- WWWW-w W- MwUWUw — M wU Black-billed Magpie Pica pica wwwwwuuwwuuu wwwwuuuwuuuu wwuwwwuuuuu wWWUwWUWUU American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos WW — ww-w — WmWWWwwW WWww-wwwwww -WWWwWWW-W -w t t - - - - t - - t - - - - - - t t b b b b b b - b t t t t t B b t b b b b t t t b B b ~ t B B B b B b t B b b - - t b b b b B B b B - b b - t - - b t t b b b t b t b B b B b b 6 b t - - - b b b t b t b b t t b t b B B b B B B t - - t - B b B b b b b b B B b B " B B t b b b b B t t B B b B B B B B B t B B B b B b B B b B b b 6 b B B B B B B B b B t t B t B B t B t B t b B B B b b B b b B B b B B B B b B b B b b B B b B B b B b B b b B B t b B B B B B b B B b B B b b B B B B b B b B B B B B t b B b b b B b t B B b b b B B B B B B B b b b B B b B b t B t b B b b 6 b t b 6 b b b b B b t B b B b b b t t B t b b B b B B b b B b t t t t b b B b B t b b B b B B t t b B b t B b b b B b b B b b b b t b B B b B B b b B B b B t B B b b b b b B B B b b b 70 Chickadees Common Raven Corvus corax uwwu wuuuuwu--- wwwwww--- wVAMwWw- wU B t b b B B B b b t - - - - t B b b t b b b B t t B t t b b B b B B b t b b t - - b B b b B t b b t B b b B t B t B B B B b b b t - b t - b t b t b b B b b b b b B B B B B B B b t B B b t t b B B b b Paridae Black-capped Chickadee Parus atricapillus UWUwUWWWUUmm uwwwwwuuuuuu uwuuuuuuwuu wUWUUWWWWW -w Mountain Chickadee Parus gam be// WWWwWw--W--- WWWWwWWW WWWWwWw wWWWWW wU Boreal Chickadee Parus /ludsonicus uu- B b b B B b B b b b b b B t B b b b B B t B b b B b b B b b B t B b t b B B b b b b b B b b b b t t b b b b b b B B b b B t b B t b b B b b b B b b B b B b b B B b b b B B B B B B t b B t b B B b b B b b B b B B B b t t b b b B B B t b t B b t - - - b b t B b b b t t b B t b b B B B B B B b - - - - b b B b t b b B b b b b 6 B B B B B b t - - - - b b t b t b b b B B b t b B B B B B t b B " ~ ~ B B b b b B B - - - - - - - - - - t b b B - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 71 Chestnut-backed Chickadee Parus rufescens uuu- wuu- wU- t B t b b B t b B b b - - - - - - - - - b b B t B b - - - - - - - - - b t b t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sittidae Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta canadensis UWWw WW-- UUWW-WWU---U WWUUwWU-ww- -uwwwuwu-u WU White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolinensis VJUUw — W-W-- WWW--WWW---W UWWW-W---W- --WWwWWW-- -w Pygmy Nuthatch Sitta pygmaea WW Um LAJljU- --W — -W-- -WW--- b B b b t t B t b b b B b b t t B t t b b t t t t t B b b b B b B B t B b t b b B b b b b b b b t t b - B B B 6 B B B B b b B t b b b b b b t t t b b b b b b b B B b b b B t b t B b t b b B b B B b t B B b t - - t - t t - - t t b b t b b t b B b b t b t t b t - b b b B b b b t t b B B b b B B b B t B B - B b b t b b t B b B B t B B b B b - t B B . . . . . . . . . b t t t B - - - - - - t - - - b b B B t t . . t . . t . B - t t b b b t - - t - t 72 Certhiidae Nuthatches, Wrens Brown Creeper Certhia americana www WWWwwWw WWWW-W--W-- -wWWwW B b t B b - t t t b t t t t t t t t b t b b B t t t - - - - - b t b t b b b b - - - t t t B t t b b B B t t B t t - b b t b Troglodytidae Rock Wren Salpinctes obsoletus Canyon Wren Catherpes mexicanus -Ww- --W-W House Wren Troglodytes aedon b b b b t b b t b b B b b B b b b b b b b b b b b b b t B b B b ~ B b B b B b t b B b b b B b b b b b b b B B b b b b b b b b b b B b b b B b b b b b b B B B b B B B b b b B t b b b b b B b b t - - b - - - - - - - - t ~ b B B - - - - - - - - - t b ' ~ B ~ * t - - - - - - B b b B b b - B - - - b b B b B B B B B B B b B B b B b b B b B B b b b B t 6 B b B b b t t b b B B B B B B B b b b b B b b b b b B b b B b b b B B B B B B B b B B B B B b b b b b b B B b b b b b b b b b B B B B B B B B B b B t b B b b b b B B B B 73 Winter Wren Troglodytes troglodytes uu Uw WW — w Sedge Wren Cistothorus platensis LL 12; June 26, 1981; Medicine Lake n=6 Marsh Wren Cistothorus palustris -w w--- -w W--W w- --W--W t B t b B t b b B b b t - - - - - - - - b b b t b b b B t - t - - - - - b b B B b B t t - - - - - - - b b t - t t - - - t - t - t b t b b B B t - - - b - b t - b b B B t B B " B t b t B t " t ~ * - ~ ~ b b b B B B b - - - - t - B b t b ■ B b B b b b b b ~ ~ B t B Cinclidae American Dipper Cinclus mexicanus www WW-WH--W wwww wwWUwU WW B b b B 6 B - - - - - - t - - B b t b B b B B B b B B B b b t t - - - - B t t b b b B b B B B B b t - - - - - t B B t B b B B B B t b " ~ ~ ~ B B b B 74 Muscicapidae Dipper, Kinglets Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus satrapa WW-w w — UWUw WWwW-w --Wwww Ruby-crowned Kinglet Regulus calendula u w--- -w w --W Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea LL 10; Oct. 9, 1977; Ft. Peck n=1 Eastern Bluebird Sialia sialis QLL 43A; July, 1991; Lame Deer n=18 B b b t B B b t b t t t t t - t b b t b b t t t t b b b b b t - t - - - t t b B b b b b b b b b B b t B t - - t - - b t b b t t B b b b t b • t t " t - b t bb b B B B b B t b t t t t t b b b b b t b B b b t b b B b B b b b - - t - t b b b b b b b b b b b b b B B B B b - - - t t b b b b b b b b b t b B B b B b t B b B ~ t ' B B b b « - - t - - - - - B B t t - - - - - - - - - - - b - - - - - - - - - B t B - - t - - - B ~ B - - 75 Western Bluebird Sialia mexicana -w Mountain Bluebird Sialia currucoides WW W-- w w --W--W Townsend's Solitaire Myadestes townsendi www WW- WW wWW-WW-w-W WWWWww W wWWWwWWW-- w- Veery Catharus fuscescens B t B B b b B B B B B B 6 b b B B b B B B B B b b B t B B B b b B b B B B B b B B B t B b b B b b B B b b b B B b b B b b t B b t b b B b t b B b t B B b t t t b b B b b b b B b t b b b b b b b b t b b b b b B b b b B b - - - b b b b b b b b b B B b t b b b b b ■ t t t b b b b b b B B B b b b b - t b b 76 Thrushes Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus LL 12; May 16, 1983; Medicine Lake n=16 Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus Wood Thrush Hylocichia mustelina LL 43; May 2, 1981; Birney n=5 t t - t t t t t - t - t - - - - b b b b B B B - b t B - t t t t b b b b b b b t b B b b t b b B B B b b B b - - t t B b B b b b b b b B B b b b b t t t t - b b B b b t b b b b t b b B B B b t b b t t t - B ■ b b b B b b B b - b - - - t t t - - b b b b b b b b b b b b - t - t b B b B b b B b b B b B b - - - - - b t B b B b B b t b b b - - - - b b b « t - - t - t - - __ 77 American Robin Tardus migratorius UW wWU-w WUU-WWUUU--U UWWUmUwUWWU UmWUwUWWU- Varied Thrush Ixoreus naevius w — w — w- WUw wUw W-- b B b b t t B B b B B b B B B b B B B b B b B b b B B B B B B b b B B B B B b b B t B B t B B B B b B B b b B b B b b b B B B b B b b B b b B B B B b B b b t b B B B b B B b b B b B B B B B B b b B B b B t B B b B b B B B B B t b B 6 b b B b B t b B b b t b B b t b 6 t b B B B B B B b b B B B - t - - - t - - - b b b b b b t t B b B b b b b b t - - - - - - - b b b B b t t b b t - - - - - - - - b t ~ ~ t ~ " t " ~ ~ ~ t - Mimidae Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis -w- Northem Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos B b b B b b b b b b b b b B b b b B b b b B b b b B b b b b b b b b b b B b b - B B b b b b b B b B b B b b B b b b b B b b B B b B b - B b b B B b B t b B b b b 6 b b b b b b b - b - t - - - - t - t t - - t ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ t ~ t ~ ~ b t t ■ - ■ t t t " B t t - - t - t t - - t - - t 78 Thrashers, Pipits Sage Thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum -w- ■ Motacillidae American Pipit Anthus rubescens (formerly Water Pipit) -w -W w ---W-w Sprague's Pipit Anthus spragueii - t - - - t - b B t - t - - t - b - - b b b b b B t - b b b t t b B b b B B b t b b t b b b b b b b B b b b B B b b b B b b b b b b B B B B b b b B B t B b B t b B B B B - t - b b b B b b B B B t b t b b b b b b t t ' t t b B b b b b B b b b b b ' ' ~ * B B B b B b - - b b b b t B t b t b t t t - t t t - t t t t t t b t ~ t t - t t t t b B t b B B t t t t t b t b B B B B B B t - t t t B t r b B b b b - - b b b b b b B b b B b b b b B b b b b t " t ~ B b b b B b b - b b b - - - b b B b B b - - b b b ~ ~ b ~ b - - t - b t " ' 79 Bombycillidae Bohemian Waxwing Bomby cilia garrulus uuu-uwwwwuuu WUWUWWWUUWwU UWWUwUWUUwU UUUUwWUWVM w- Cedar Waxwing Bomby cilia cedrorum WW ww-- -wwww-W WWWW--WWWM- -WWw-WWW-- WM B t B _ t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t - t t t t t t t t t B b b B B b b B b b b b t b B b b b B b b B B B t B b b b b b B b t B t B b b b B b b b b B b b - t t t b b b b B b b B B B b b B b b b t t B b b t b B b B B B t b b t b B b b b b b b b b B t Laniidae Northern Shrike Lanius excubitor WWWwWW-wWW-w WWWWwWWWwWWW WUUUwUUUWww WWWWWWWWWW w- Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus TES -ww- tttttttttttt t _^J t t t t tttttttttttt t t t ttttttttttt t t t t t t t t t t t t b t t t t t b b t B B B b B b b b B B B B B B B b b B - b t t b B B B B B t B B B b B b B B b t b t b t t b B b b B b b b B b t b B t B B b B b b b B b B t B b - t t t 80 Sturnidae Waxwings, Shrikes, Vireos European Stariing St urn us vulgaris ( introduced) UUU-UV^fWUW-W WUUUUwW-U-ww UUUU--UUUW- -uwu-wuu-u WW b B b b B B B B b B t B b b B B B B b B b b b b B B B B B B b b B B t B B t t t B t b B B b B b B b b B B b b b t t B b B b b b b B B b b B t B B B b B B t B B B B B B b B B b b B b b B B B b B b B B t B B t t b B t b b B b t B b B b b b B t b t b B B B B Vireonidae Solitary Vireo Vireo solitarius Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus Philadelphia Vireo Vireo philadelphicus QLL 10D; July 30, 1984; Kiwanis Park below Ft. Peck dam n=3 b B B b - t t - - - t - t b b B b b b b b b b b B b B b - b t b - - t b b b b B B B b b b B b - b - b b b b - B b b b t b b b b b ■ b b - t B B b b - t ~ t b b B B B b b b B b b b b b b b b B b t b b b B b b b b b b B B B b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b B b b b B b b B B B B B b b b b b b b b B b b b b b b B B b b B b B B B b b b b b b b b b B b b t t t 81 Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus t b B B B - b b B b b b b b b b b b b t B b t b B B b b b B b - t - B b b b t t B b B B b b b b t B b B - b b b b b B b t b b B b b b - t Emberizidae Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora eel at a Nashville Warbler Vermivora ruficapilla b b B t - - t - t t t t t b t " b "• ~ " - - - - - t t t t t - t t - - - t t t - t - - t - - t t t - t - t b b t b b B - b t b - t t - t b b b b b t t t b b b t b B b b t b t b - t t t b b b b b b b b b B b b b - - t t t t b b b B b b b b b b b t ~ ~ " t - - B B b B t b t b - - - - - - - - t b b b b b b B t b - - - - - - - - t b b b b b b - - - - - - t t - b b - t t - t - - - - - - 82 Warblers Northern Parula Parula americana QLL 25A; June 28, 1988; West of Lolo n=4 Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica QLL 12B; Aug. 16, 1990; Westby n=7 Magnolia Warbler Dendroica magnolia LL 10; May 17, 1981; Ft. Peck n=12 t t t b b b b B b B B B B B B B b b B B B b B b b b t b b b B B b b t b b b b B b b B B B B b B b b B B b B b b B t b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b B B B B B b B b B B B B t t b b B b b B b b B b b b b b b b b B B B B B B B B b b B t b B b b b b b b B B B b b t t t - t - t t t - - - - * ■ t t t t t t t t - t - t 83 Cape May Warbler Dendroica tigrina QLL 12B; Aug. 3, 1990; West by n=5 Black-throated Blue Warbler Dendroica caerulescens LL 41; Sept. 23, 1980; Billings n=3 Yellow-mmped Warbler Dendroica coronata SI M -WW -w --W Black-throated Gray Warbler Dendroica nigrescens LL 27; March 25, 1983; Helena n=3 --W t t t t t b B b t B b b b B b B b b b B t t b b t t t t t t t B b b b B b b B b B b t b t B b t b b b b b t t b t t b B B b b b B b t b B b b b B t b B b b b t b b t b b t B B b B b B b B t b b t - B B b t b b b B B b t - - t - - - - 84 Warblers Townsend's Warbler Dendroica townsendi Black-throated Green Warbler Dendroica v/'rens LL 38; May 17, 1981; Bozeman n=5 Blackbumian Warbler Dendroica fusca QLL 9C; May 23, 1991; Bowdoin NWR n=7 Yellow-throated Warbler Dendroica dominica LL 41; Dec. 20, 1981; Billings n=1 b b b b B B B - t - - - - - - - b b b b b t b b b b b B B B t - - - - - - - B b b b b b b t t b B - t - - - - - t - b b b t ~ t t t t t t ■ ■■ ~ " - - t - - - t t t t--t Jt t - - t - - - - 85 Pine Warbler Dendroica pinus QLL 12B; Aug. 15, 1990; West by n=3 t - - t - - - - Prairie Warbler Dendroica discolor LL 10; Sept. 5, 1973; n=1 Ft. Peck Palm Warbler Dendroica palmarum QLL 12B; Sept. 30, 1990; Westby n=15 t - - - - - - t t t t t t - - t - t - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - Bay-breasted Warbler Dendroica castanea LL 41; April 29, 1981 n=5 t - - - t - - t - - t - - - - 86 Warblers Blackpoll Warbler Dendroica striata Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta van' a American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapillus t t - - t t t - - t t t t t t ■ ■ ~ t t " t t - t t - t t t t • • • ~ - t t t - - - t - t t - - t t - - - t t - t t t t - B t b b - - - - t - - - - - t b - - - - - - - - b t - - - t - - t - b - b t ■ b b t B B B b t b B - t b b B b b b b b b t b t b B t b t b b B B b b b B b - - b b b b b b b b b B B B b b b t b b b b b B b b b b ~ b b b t B t b B b b t b - b b t " t b b b ■ b b t b b b b t " " b ~ b b B b b - t b b b " ~ t b ~ b - t - b - t t b b - - b b b b b b b B b b - 87 Northern Waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis Kentucky Warbler Oporornis formosus LL 10; Oct. 19, 1979; Ft. Peck n=1 Connecticut Warbler Oporornis agilis QLL 12B; Septent)er 5, 1990 ; Westby n=3 Mourning Warbler Oporornis Philadelphia LL 9; June 9, 1969; Bowdoin NUR n=1 b b b B B B b t t - b t t t t b b b b b b t t t B t b b - b b b t - b - - - - t b b b b b b b b B b B b b - - t t t - B B b b b B b b t - - - t - b t t t t - - - - t 88 Warblers MacGillivray's Warbler Oporornis tolmiei Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas Wilson's Warbler Wilsonia pusilla Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis QLL 12B; Aug. 15, 1990; West by n=4 b b b t B B B b B t b - t t - t b b b b b b b B b b b b B B B b b b b - - t t b b b b b b b b b b b B B B b B b - - t t t B b b b b b b B B B B b b b b b " ~ " b B B b b b b b b b b B 6 B B B B b b B b B b b b b b b b b B t b b B b b b b t t b B B b b b B b b b B b b b b t b b b b b b b b b b b b B B B B B b b B b b b B b b b b b b b b b b b b b B B b B B B t b B B b b b b b b B B b b b b b B B t t t t t t t t t b t b b t t t t b t b b B t t - t - t t t t b b b b b b t b b t t t t t t t t t t b t b b t b B b b b t t b t t ~ " t B B b b •■ t t t t 89 Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria virens Summer Tanager Piranga rubra LL 41; Nov. 18, 1981; Billings n=1 Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea QLL 3C; July 16, 1991; Emery Bay, Hungry Horse Reservoir n=6 Western Tanager Piranga ludoviciana B t b - - b b B b b b b B b b b b b b b b " B b t " " b b B b b b t t b b t b b t b - b " b b b B b b B b t b b b b b " B b b b B b B b b b b b b - b _t t t t t b b B B B - b - B b t t - - b b b b b B b B b b b B B B b b B B b - - t b B B b t b t b B B b b b B B B B B b b t t - t - b B t b t b b b b b b b t b b B B B b B b b B B b b b b b B b b b 90 Tanagers, Grosbeaks Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus Black-headed Grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus Blue Grosbeak Guiraca caerulea LL 41; 1975 n=3 Lazuli Bunting Passerina amoena ■ t - t t t - - t t t t L t_ t - t - - — ^ ■■ ■ I- ^-^^ ^^.^^ _^^^ ^^___ _^_^ _^_^ t t - t - - - t - t t - t t t t t b - - - - b b t b b B b b b b b b t b b t t b B b B b b b b b b b B b b B b B b b B - b t b b t b b b b b B B B B b b b b b b b B b b b b b b b b b B B b b b b B b b b b b b b b B 1 t b b b b b b B ~ b b b b B b b b - B b t B b b b b b b b b t t b B b b b b B b b b b t b B b b t b b b t b b b b b B B b b b b b b b b b B t B b b b b b B b b b b B B b B b B B b B b b b B t b b b b b b B b b 91 Indigo Bunting Passer ina cyanea Dickcissel Spiza americana n=14 TES Green-tailed Towhee Pipilo chlorurus Rufous-sided Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus Uw WW --W--W t b b b b - - - b - - - b t t - - - - b - - t - t t t - b b b - b - - - - - - - - - b b b - - t - - - - - - - - b - - - - - - b b b B - - - - - - - b - - b - - - - t - - - b - - - - - - - - - - - b b t - - - b t t ~ b B b B " ■ * * - - b b b ■ b B B B B b b b b t b " • " B b b B b b b b t t b b b b B b B b b b b B B B B B b b B b 6 b b b b t b b b b B B b b B b t t b b b B b b B B b t B b b b b B b b b b b b b b b b B b t b t b b B b B B b B b b B t B b b b b B b b 6 b - b 92 Towhees, Sparrows American Tree Sparrow Spizella arborea UW-wUUw-WU-w wWUWU-UwW--w UWWWwwwUUw- -WWWwWWWww WW Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina -w- Clay-colored Sparrow Spizella pallida Brewer's Sparrow Spizella breweri tttttttttttt t_ t_ t t t T ttttttttttt t_ t_ ttttttttttt t_ t_ ttttttttt |t I I I I t t b b b b b t b B B B b b b B b b B b B b B b B b t b b t b B b b b b b B B B B B b B B b b b B B B B b t b b b b B b B b B B B B B B b B b b b t b B t b b b b b b t b b b b B t b b b B B B B t B B B b B B b b B B b b B B b b b b b 1 b b - t b B b B b b B B B B b b b B b b b b b b b b B b ■ B ■ b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b " b b b b b b b b b b B b B b b b b b b b t b b b b b t '» b b b b B B t ~ b b b B b b b B b B b b t b b b - B - b b b B B B B b b b b b t b b b b B b b B B b b B b b b B b b b B b b b b b t b B b B B B b B B B b B b b B B b 93 Field Sparrow Spizella pusilla Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus Lark Sparrow Chondestes grammacus Black-throated Sparrow Amphispiza bilineata LL 25; May 21, 1975; Missoula n=2 t B B b b b b b b b B b b B b b B b b b b B B B B B B b b b b b t B B b b t b b b t b B t b t t t b B b t b B b t B b B b b B b B t b B b b t b B b t B B b b t b t - - - 94 Sparrows Sage Sparrow Amphispiza belli LL 35; June, 1984; Fallon County n=10 TES Lark Bunting Calamospiza melanocorys Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis Baird's Sparrow Ammodramus bairdii - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - t - - - - - t - - - t - - - - - B - - b b - - - - - - - - b b b b b t t t b B B b b B B B B t b B b b b B B B b b b B b B B t t - B B b B B B B B b b b b B b b t t B b b t t t b b b B b B b B b b b B B b b t t b B B B b t b b t B t b B B B b b B b t B t b - t b b b b b b B B b b b b b B b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b B B b t t - B B B B b B B b b b b b b t b b b b B b B B b b b b b b b b B t t b b t b b b b t b b B B B b b B B b B b b B b b b b B t b b b b B B 1 b B 4 b b b b t t b b t b b b b b b b b b b b b b ■ t ~ b b B b - b b b b b b b t ' " t b ~ ■ " ~ b b b b ' ~ * ■ b ■ - - b b - - 95 Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus savannarum Le Conte's Sparrow Ammodramus leconteii QLL 28A; Oct. 6, 1990; Lake Helena n=17 TES Sharp-tailed Sparrow Ammodramus caudacutus LL 12; Sept., 1943; Medicine Lake n=2 Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca WW---W- ---W-- b b b b b t b " " b B b b b b B t b b b b b b b t ~ B t t B b B b b b b b b b b b b b b b - - b b b b b b B t b b b b t b b b b b b ~ ~ b * b b ~ B b b b b t t " ■ b B b t b t t ~ ~ * ~ ~ " ~ " " * - - - - - t - - t - - - b b b b b B B - - t - - - t - - b b b t B b - b B b b t - - - - - - - b b b b b b - - t - t - b b b b b b - t t - - - b b b 96 Sparrows Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia WW---W---W-- www-w-u WWWW---W-W- -WWW-W-W-- -w Lincoln's Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii Swamp Sparrow Melospiza georgiana LL 41; Oct. 24, 1981 n=8 -W White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis WW -w www --WW-W B b b b B B B B b B B b b b b b b b b b b t b b b b t b b b t t b b B B b B B B b t t b b B b b B b b b b b b b b b b b b b B B B B b b b b b b b B t t b b b t b b b b b b B B b b b B b b B B t b B B B b b b b b b B t B B b b b b b B b - - t - t t t - t b b t t B b - t b b t - t - t t t t b b b b t B b b t b - - t t t - t b b b B b b b B b b b - - t t B B - b t t t t t - t - - - - I « t t - - t t, t t t t t t L _t t_ t t - - t - t t - t - - t t t t t t t - - t t t t t t t - t - - - t I I I I I i I ■ 97 Golden-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia atricapilla QLL 9C; May 13, 1988; Bowdoin NUR n=4 White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys WW w --W W--W ---W-w -w _t t t t b b b B b B b t t B t t t t t b t b b b t t t t t b b t b b t b t b b B b B b t t t t b t b b b b B B t t t t t t t t b t b b b t B B B B B B b t t t t b B b 6 Harris' Sparrow Zonotrichia querula WW---W--W--W -WU---W UWww Ww- -wWW-U t t t t t ~ ~ t t t t t t ~ t - t t - t - t - - t t t t t t t t t t t t - - t t t - t t - t t - - t - - - - - t Dark-eyed Junco J unco hyemalis SI WWW-W---WW-W WWW-w-W w UUUU--WUUM- -www-w-w-w -w b t b b b B B B - B t b t t t t t b b B b b t t B b B b b t t b B B B B b B b t t t t b b B b t b B B b B b t b B B B B B B b t b b t B B t b b b b b b B b b b B B B B B b b B B t B B B b B 98 Longspurs McCown's Longspur Calcarius mccownii Lapland Longspur Calcarius lapponicus -W--WWW--WW- -W-ww-W-WwW --wUww-wwww --Uwww-WWU Smith's Longspur Calcarius pictus LL 44; Sept. 15, 1977; Broadus n=4 Chestnut-collared Longspur Calcarius ornatus b b B b ' " b b b B b b b B b B b b b b b b " ~ B b B B B t - b b - t B B " " B b b B b B B - b b - B B " b b ~ b - - b - - b - - t t t - t t t - t t t t t t t t t t " t t " t t ■ t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t - t t t t t t t ~ - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - t t - - t - - - i b b B b b ' t b B B B B b b b b B B h b b B b B t b b B t ~ ~ " B B B B b b B b b B B B b b ■ " " t b b b B B b b b b b B - b b - b B b b t B 1 b - - 99 Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis UWWUWVM^UUWU wUUUUUWUUUwU mUUW-wUwwww wmUwwwUVAJ- WU Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus UUU-U-w-WUw- -Ww — w w WWwW — www- --WW-W -w Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta Ww--W — WW-- -W--W U--U-W-WWWW -wWw-W t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t b b B t b b b b b b b b b b t b b b b b b b b - B b B t b b b b b B b B b b b b b b b b B B b B B b b b - t b t b b b b b b b B B b B b b B b B b B - b b b b - t B b B B t B B t B b B b b B B B B B B B b b b b B B B B B B B b b B b b B B b b B b B B b b B B b b B B b b B B b b b b B B b B b B b b B B b t B t b B b B b B b b b 6 b B B B b B B b b B B b b B B b B b B B t B B t t b 6 t b b B b t B t b B b b b B t t b B t b B B B B B B b B B B b B b b b t b B b b b B B b B b b b b B B B B B B b b B b b B B b b B b b b B b b B B b b B B b B b B 6 B B B b B b b B B B b t b B B B b b B b t B B b B B B b B b b b B B b b B B b B b B b B B B t b B b b t B b t B t b B b b t b B b t b B t b B B B B 100 Blackbirds Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus ■w U w- Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus -W--W---WW-- w — w --WW-W---W Brewer's Blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus wwWw w — w-W W--W WW --WW-W-W-- Common Crackle Quiscalus quiscula ■ W-- w w --WW-W B t B B b B b t b B B B B b B B t B b B b t B B B b B b B b b B B t B B B b t t t - t t t - - t t t t - - t - - t - - - - - - - t t - t - - - - - t - - - t t - t - - - - - - B t B t B B b b b b t b t b b t t b B b B b b b t b B B b b t b B t t B b b B b t b b B B B b B B b B B B B B t b B b t B b t B b t B t B b B t b B b b t b B b t b t b t b b - t b b b b B b B B b B t b t b B t B b B b b - b - b B b b b t b b B t b b t b b t b b b b t - B B b b B b B B B t B B t b b b b B t t t t b t t b b ~ B b B B B B B B b b B t t B t b - - 101 Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater Orchard Oriole Icterus spurius Northern Oriole Icterus galbula SI B b B b b b B b b b b b b B B B b B b B b b B B B t B B b b B B b b t b B b b t B b t b B B b b B b b B B b b b t t b b B b B b b b B B b b B b t b B b t b B b t B B b B B B b b B b b B B B b B B b b b B B B B b B b t B b t B t b B b b B b b t b B t b B b B B B . . . . . . . . . b t b t B - - - - - - - - b b b B - - - - - - - b b b b t b ~ ■ ■ ■ ~ ■ ■ ~ t t - - Fringillidae b B B b b t b B B B b b B B B B B B B b b B b b B b b b B b B B b B b b t b b b b b B b b B t B b B b B b b b b b B B b B B b B B b - B b B B B B t b B t b B b b B b B b b b B b b - t Brambling Fringilla montifringilla LL 15; Dec. 3, 1978; Swan lake n=1 102 Orioles, Finches Rosy Finch Leucosticte arctoa SI WUW-UWW-Ww-w -UwWwUww---U w-UUWw-UWw- -WUUwWWWUW WW Pine Grosbeak Pinicola enucleator WWW-w-w-Ww-- WWW-wWW-w--- WWWW--W---W wUVAVwW -U Purple Finch Carpodacus purpureas ■Ww-- -w w- --WW-W--- Cassin's Finch Carpodacus cassinii www W-- WWW---W www --WW-W-W- -w b B t B B t B b B " t t t - t t t - t t t t t b t B t b t t - t - t t b b t b t t t t t . t b ' t t t t B t t t t - B t B b t b B b b t t - t t - _ b t b b t t t t t b b t t t - t t _ t b b b t b b t b b t . . _ _ t b b B b B b t - - - - B " b - t t - t L i L - t - - - - t t - t t t t - t t - t - - - - IE B b t B b b b b b b - - - b - t t - - b b b b B b B b b b b b B - - - - - B B b b B b B b b b b t b b b b - - - - - b b B B B B B t b b B b - b - b b B B b 103 House Finch Carpodacus mexicanus wU ■ -W--W-W WWW • --WW-W — Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra WWWW--W-W--- WWW-WWw W wwww-w w --W--W---W -W White-winged Crossbill Loxia leucoptera WWW H- -ww w- w-w --W--W-- Common Redpoll Carduelis flammea WWWWWWwwWWww WWWWWWWW-WwW WWWW-wwwww- WWWWwWWWWW -w B B b B B b b b b B b B b b b t b t t b b b b B b b t b B B b b t b b b - - t - - t t - - t t t t t t ~ t b t t t • t ~ t ■ " - t t t t t ~ b b ~ ~ ~ t - b t b b - t - - - t t - t t t t t t t t t ~ t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t ~ t t t t t t t t t t t t t - - t t t t t t t - - 104 Finches Hoary Redpoll Carduelis hornemanni Www WW-- -w w w W-WW--W --W-WW-W-- Pine Siskin Carduelis pin us WWWW--WWWU-- WVAJ-W-W WWWW-UW--W- -WUW-WUW-U -W American Goldfinch Carduelis tristis vw Www-w Wwww -wWW-W- Evening Grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus UWW-wUw-UU-w www-www-w--- WWWW-W-W--W -wWW-W-Ww- tt tt-t t_ t t_ t - - t - t - - - - t t t t t t - t - - t - b t t b b t B B B b B - b t t t - t b t B b b t t t B b B t b t b t b B B b B b B b - t - t b b b b b b b b b b b t B B •b B B b b b B - b b b B b t b b b B b b b B B B B t b b B b t b b b B B b B t b b b b b b b b b b B b b b b B b b t b b t b b b b b b b b B t t b b B b B b b B b b b b b b t t b b b b b b b b b b b B B B B b b b b b B t b b b b b b b B b b b b b b b b b B B B B B B b b b b t b b B b b b b b b « t B t b B b - t t t - t t - t b b b B t t t B b B t b b b B b b t B b t t t t b t b b b b b b b b B b B B b b b t t t t t t B t t b 6 b B B B b b b t t t t t ~ b 105 Passeridae House Sparrow Passer domesticus (introduced) wuuwwwwuuuuu WWWWWWUwUwWU WUUUwwUUUUU -UWUwWUWWU -w B B B B B b B b B b B B B B B B B B b B b b B B B B B b B b B t B B b B b B B b b B b b B B b B b t B B B b b B B b B b B b B B t b b B b B b B b B b b b B b B 6 6 B B t b B b B b b t b b t b B B b b b 106 BIBLIOGRAPHY American Ornithologist's Union. 1983. Checklist of North American Birds, 6th edition. Allen Press. Lawrence, KS. 877 pp. AOU. 1985. Thirty-fifth supplement to the AOU checklist of North American birds. Auk 102: 680-686. AOU. 1987. Thirty-sixth supplement to the AOU checklist of North American Birds. Auk 104: 591-596. AOU. 1989. Thirty-seventh supplement to the AOU checklist of North American birds. Auk 106: 532-538. AOU. 1991. Thirty-eighth supplement to the AOU checklist of North American birds. Auk 108: 750-754. Dorn, J.L and R.D. Dorn. 1990. Wyoming Birds. Mountain Press. Cheyenne. 138 pp. Ehrlich, P.R., D.S. Dobkin, and D. Wheye. 1988. The Birder's Handbook. Simon and Schuster, Inc. 785 pp. Findholt, S., B. Oakleaf, and B. Long (eds.). 1981. Wyoming Mammal Atlas, working draft. Wyoming Game and Fish Dept. Cheyenne. Kingery H. (ed.). 1987. Colorado Bird Distribution Latilong Study. Colo. Div. Wildlife. Denver. 81 pp. Oakleaf, B., H. Downing, B. Raynes, M. Raynes, and O.Scott. 1982. Wyoming Avian Atlas. Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Cheyenne. Skaar, D., D. Flath, and LS. Thompson. 1985. Montana Bird Distribution, Third Edition. Monograph No. 3, Montana Acad. Sciences, Supplement to Proceedings, Vol 44, 1985. 70 pp. Skaar, P.D. 1980. Montana Bird Distribution. Published by the author, Bozeman. Skaar, P.D. 1969. Birds of the Bozeman Latilong. Published by the author, Bozeman. Stephens, D.A. and S.H. Sturts. 1991. Idaho Bird Distribution. Spec. Publ. No. 11, Idaho Museum of Natural History, Pocatello. 76 pp. Thompson, LS. 1982. Distribution of Montana Amphibians, Reptiles, and Mammals. Montana Audubon Council, Helena. 24 pp. 107 Contributors to the Fourth Edition More than 1000 Records: Daniel Casey, Daniel Sullivan 501 - 1000 Records: Lou Bruno, Charles M. Carlson, David Center, Harriet M. Marble, Terry McEneaney 101 - 500 Records: Dwight Bergeron, Marcy M. Bishop, Clifford V. Davis, Kristi Dubois, Robert L. Eng, G. J. Frazier, S. J. Gniadek, W. Edward Harper, John Hartman, Sally Hejl, C. J. Hoff, George Holton, Judy Hoy, Elly G. Jones, Larry Malone, D. L Martin, Fritz Prellwitz, Montana Natural Heritage Program, Sue Reel, W. P. Roney, Michael T. Schwitters, Don Skaar, D. Tribby, S. D. Weller, J. Young, Mike Young. 1-100 Records: Peter Achuff, Connie Akers, Kathleen Anderson, Margaret Anderson, Paul Anderson, June Ash, Maria Ash, Rod Ash, Alice Austin, Art Aylesv\/orth, Beth Baker, Tim Baker, Janissa Balcomb, Lee Ballard, Jim Barnum, Dale Becker, Benton Lake NWR staff, Arnold Bolle, Gordon Brov\/der, James Brown, T. S. Burns, Tom Butts, Charles Campbell, Marion Campbell, Suzi Campbell, Joel Carlson, Lynn Clark, Jane Collins, Bob Daniels, Jerome DeSanto, Claude Demarest, Dave Dickson, Jeffery E. Dobb, Sr., Pat Dolan, Anne Dueker, Joseph Engler, David Ewer, Bebe FitzGerald, Dennis Flath, Roger Fliger, S. R. Flores, Betsy Follman, Christian Frazza, Sid Frisell, Bill Good, Deb Goslin, Harvey Hackett, David Hamilton, Denise Hamilton, D. Hanson, Tom Harris, Barb Hazlewood, Rob Hazlewood, D. Heide, J. Heide, Paul Hendricks, Cal Henry, Willis Heron, K. L Hicks, Bobby Hoe, John Hofflund, Denver Holt, Martin Holt, Mary Holt, Bob Hoy, Peter Hunt, Dick Hutto, Jaimie Ingold, Warren Iverson, Sue Jackson, Ron Jenkins, Sara J. Johnson, Cedron Jones, Thomas S. Jones, Connie Kay, W. Kerling, Jill King, Craig Knowles, Thomas Komberec, B. Krepps, M. E. Krook, Bob Krumm, Douglas Laye, Rose Leach, K. Leichter, Tom Lemke, Cary Lund, Jeff Marks, Charles Marlen, Stephen Martin, L. McEvoy, K. McLaughlin, C. D. Mitchell, Gerald Mueller, Norma H. Nixon, Larry Nordell, Ted J. Nordhagen, Bart O'Gara, Chris Paige, R. L Pearson, J. H. Phelps, Sandy Pletchet, T. Prellwitz, J. Regan, Katherine Roberts, James Rogers, A. Roogaard, Vicki Roth, Bill Ruediger, Dave Shea, G. Sipe, Jean E. Smith, Kalmar R. Stevenson, Don Stoecker, J. M. Story, Karen L. Stutzman, Marjorie Swanson, Jon Swenson, Maureen Theilerr, B. Thompson, Gordon Thompson, William L. Thompson, R. A. Thorbert, Dorinda Trautman, Dave Trochlell, S. Turman, Jamie Turner, Steven Turner, Bob Twist, Virginia Vincent, J. D. Waldo, Robert Wallace, Byron Weber, Winton Weydemeyer, Carl Wolf, Dave Worthington, Philip L. Wright, Anne Zimmermann. 108 Appendix A. List of Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Species (TES) and species requiring Supplemental Information (SI) TES SI Common Loon American White Pelican White-faced Ibis Trumpeter Swan Harlequin Duck Bald Eagle Northern Goshawk Ferruginous Hawk Peregrine Falcon Whooping Crane Snowy Plover Piping Plover Mountain Plover Least Tern Flammulated Owl Burrowing Owl Great Gray Owl Boreal Owl Black-backed Woodpecker Dickcissel Sage Sparrow Le Conte's Sparrow Double-crested Cormorant Great Blue Heron' Black-crowned Night Heron' Mute Swan Franklin's Gull' Ring-billed Gull' California Gull' Caspian Tern* Common Tern' Forster's Tern' Eastern Screech-owl Western Screech-owl Northern Flicker"" Cassin's Kingbird Yellow-rumped Warbler"" Dark-eyed Junco* Northern Oriole"" Rosy Finch"^ TES - Threatened, Endangered or Sensitive species. Please provide information on precise location, numbers of individuals, date of observation and details on nesting, if any. — --' SI - species poorly known; little information on habitat preferences; questions on distribution; ""subspecies distribution requested; 'nesting colonies. Please provide date of observation, information on precise location, habitat, nesting details, if any. 109 Appendix B. Neotropical Migratory Bird Species in Montana Killdeer Mountain Plover Marbled Godwit Long-billed Curlew Wlllet Spotted Sandpiper Upland Sandpiper Turkey Vulture Golden Eagle Northern Harrier Sharp-shinned Hawk Cooper's Hawk Northern Goshawk Broad-winged Hawk Red-tailed Hawk Swainson's Hawk Ferruginous Hawk Osprey American Kestrel Merlin Prairie Falcon Peregrine Falcon Mourning Dove Yellow-billed Cuckoo Black-billed Cuckoo Short-eared Owl Long-eared Owl Flammulated Owl Burrowing Owl Common Poorwill Common Nighthawk Black Swift Chimney Swift Vaux's Swift White-throated Swift Black-chinned Hummingbird Ruby-throated Hummingbird Calliope Hummingbird Broad-tailed Hummingbird Rufous Hummingbird Belted Kingfisher Lewis' Woodpecker Williamson's Sapsucker Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Red-naped Sapsucker Eastern Kingbird Cassin's Kingbird Western Kingbird Great Crested Flycatcher Olive-sided Flycatcher Eastern Wood-Pewee Eastern Phoebe Say's Phoebe Hammond's Flycatcher Dusky Flycatcher Least Flycatcher Willow Flycatcher Cordilleran Flycatcher Horned Lark Tree Swallow Purple Martin Violet-green Swallow Northern Rough-winged Swallow Bank Swallow Cliff Swallow Barn Swallow Brown Creeper House Wren Marsh Wren Sedge Wren Rock Wren Ruby-crowned Kinglet Eastern Bluebird Western Bluebird Mountain Bluebird Townsend's Solitaire Veery Swainson's Thrush Hermit Thrush American Robin Loggerhead Shrike Northern Mockingbird Gray Catbird Sage Thrasher Sprague's Pipit Water Pipit Cedar Waxwing Yellow-throated Vireo Bell's Vireo Solitary Vireo Red-eyed Vireo Warbling Vireo Tennessee Warbler Orange-crowned Warbler 110 Nashville Warbler Black-and-white Warbler Yellow-rumped Warbler Townsend's Warbler Yellow Warbler MacGillivray's Warbler Wilson's Warbler Ovenbird Northern Waterthrush Common Yellowthroat American Redstart Yellow-breasted Chat Rose-breasted Grosbeak Black-headed Grosbeak Lazuli Bunting Indigo Bunting Dickcissel Rufous-sided Towhee Green-tailed Towhee Grasshopper Sparrow Baird's Sparrow Vesper Sparrow Savannah Sparrow Lark Sparrow Sage Sparrow Chipping Sparrow Clay-colored Sparrow Brewer's Sparrow Dark-eyed Junco White-crowned Sparrow Fox Sparrow Song Sparrow Swamp Sparrow Lincoln's Sparrow Chestnut-collared Longspur McCown's Longspur Lark Bunting Bobolink Western Meadowlark Red-winged Blackbird Yellow-headed Blackbird Brewer's Blackbird Orchard Oriole Northern Oriole Western Tanager Scarlet Tanager Pine Siskin American Goldfinch Cassin's Finch 111 Appendix C. Hypothetical Species List Some of these sighting are very old and probably should not be considered as species likely to be found in Montana. They have been carried over from the Third Edition pending further review by the editors and the verification committee. The newer records have not been reviewed by the verification committee and may be incorporated into the Fifth Edition. Common Eider. L24: 1907. Eskimo Curlew. L12: 1858, 1862, 1973. Spotted Owl. L2: 1927. L3: 1959, 1976. 'Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. QLL 3C: 1991. Bewick's Wren. LI 5: 1973. L25: 1973. Phainopepla. L3 Bell's Vireo. L12: 1858. Blue-winged Warbler. L41: 1984. Virginia's Warbler. L37: 1976. 'Painted Redstart. QLL 25A: 1987. 'Cardinal. QLL 42C: 1987. Painted Bunting. L43: 1978. 'new since the Third Edition 112 Appendix D. Breeding Status Code Definitions B Use of the "B" to designate breeding requires "hard evidence." A "B" can be hard to get. Do not assume breeding simply by presence or behavior. Use the "B" only if one of the following criteria are met. 1. Occupied nest. Adults entering or leaving nest site in circumstances indicating an occupied nest (includes high nests or nest-holes, the contents of which cannot be seen) or adult incubating or brooding. 2. Recently fledged young (of altricial species) incapable of sustained flight, or downy young (of precocial species) restricted to the natal area by dependence on adults or limited mobility. 3. Attending young; adult carrying food or fecal sac for young, or feeding recently fledged young. 4. Used nest or eggshells found (Caution: identification must be convincing if such records are to be accepted). 5. Nest with egg(s) which can be clearly identified. The presence of cowbird eggs or young is confirmation of breeding for both cowbird and host species. 6. Nest with young, seen or heard, which can be clearly identified. b Breeding is supported by circumstantial evidence. 1. Singing males, pairs or territorial birds observed in suitable nesting habitat during the species' breeding season. 2. Courtship behavior or copulation. 3. Adults visiting a probable nest site. 4. Agitation behavior, distraction display, injury feigning, or anxiety calls from an adult. 5. Nest building. 6. Physiological evidence of breeding (brood patch or eggs in oviduct) based on bird in hand. t No evidence of breeding. Transients; migrants; or mobile, wide ranging species that exhibit no breeding behavior at the time of observation. No records 113 Appendix E. Rare Bird Report Form (For Species Annotated TES, SI, n=) Species; Observer's Name: Date Observed: Reporter ' s Name : Date Written: Other Observers: Address: Telephone No: QLL: Nearest Town/Landmark: Specific Location: _Township Range_ Describe the Habitat: Section Plumage (Circle) Sex M Describe Weather: Adult Immature F Subadult Juvenal Unk Optics Used and Power: X Binoculars X Spotting Scope Unaided Eye Quality and direction of light Distance from Bird: Duration of Observation Previous Experience with Species? Where and when; Discuss How Similar Appearing Species were Eliminated: This Report was Written: During or right after observation _ From memory hrs/ days later. Describe the bird you observed. Record only field marks and behaviors you actually saw. State size (compared to similar size common bird) . Record relevant information such as color, body shape, bill, legs, voice, behavior, no. of individuals, sex. Use back of form if more space is needed. Please include any photos or drawings. Print or type clearly. Send your report to: Montana Bird Distribution Update Natural Heritage Program 1515 East Sixth Avenue Helena, MT 59620 4th Ed I 1992 114 Oh ■P 0) CO a •H •O M O o 0) IP o H •H •P M « M id Ot •H •d < m m Q) u c o •H o o 0) -P Q -P (d -P w a Q) c o o u INDEX The last word of the common name is indexed for species found in this book, topics and subjects have been included from the text. Several Avocet 36 Bittern 12 Blackbirds 100,101 Bluebirds 75,76 Bobolink 100 Bobwhite 32 Brambling 102 Brant 17 Breeding definitions (B,b) .... 6,113 Bufflehead 23 Bunting 91,92,95,100,112 Canvasback 20 Cardinal 112 Catbird 78 Chat 90 Chickadees 71.72 Chukar 29 Coot 34 Cormorant 12 Cowbird 102 Cranes 34 Creeper 73 Crossbills 104 Crow 70 Cuckoo 52 Curlew 38,112 Dickcissel 92 Dipper 74 Dove 51 Dowitcher 43 Ducks 17-24 Dunlin 42 Eagle 25,28 Eider 112 Egret 13 Falcons 28,29 Finches 103,104 Flamingo 7 Flicker 62 Flycatchers 63-67 Gadwall 19 Garganey 18 Gnatcatcher 75 Godwits 39 Goldeneyes 23 Goldfinch 105 Geese 16,17 Goshawk 26 Grackle 101 Grebes 10 Grosbeaks 91,103,105 Grouse 30-32 Gulls 45-49 Gyrfalcon 29 Harrier 25 Hawks 25-27 Herons 12-14 Hummingbirds 58,59 Ibis 14 Jaegers 44,45 Jays 69,70 Junco 98 Kestrel 28 Killdeer 36 Kingbirds 66 Kingfisher 59 Kinglets 75 Kittiwake 48 Knot 40 Lark 67 Latilongs 1,2 Longspurs 99 Loons 9 Magpie 70 Mallard 18 Martin 67 Meadowlark 100 Mergansers 23,24 Merlin 28 Mockingbird 78 Moorhen 33 Murrelet 50 116 n= 4,6 Neotropical migrant 5,110 Nighthawk 56 Nutcracker 70 Nuthatches 72 Oldsquaw 22 Orioles 102 Osprey 25 Ovenbird 87 Owls 52-56,112 Partridge 29 Parula 83 Pelican 11 Pewee 63 Phalarope 44 Pheasant 30 Phoebe 65 Pigeon 51 Pintail 18 Pipits 79 Plovers 34-36 Poorwill 56 Prairie-chicken 32 Ptarmigan 30,31 Quarter Latilong 2 Rails 33 Rare Bird Report Form 114 Raven 71 Redhead 20 Redpolls 104,105 Redstart 87,112 Robin 78 Sanderling 40 Sandpipers 37-42 Sapsucker 60,61,112 Scaups 21 Scoters 22 Shoveler 19 Shrikes 80 SI definition 4,6 SI list 109 Siskin 105 Snipe 43 Solitaire 76 Sora 33 Sparrows 93-98,106 Subspecies 3 Starling 81 Stilt 36 Stork 15 Swallows 67-69 Swans 15,16 Swifts 57,58 TES definition 4,6 TES list 109 Tanagers 90 Teal 17,19 Terns 49,50 Thrashers 79 Thrushes 77,78 Towhees 92 Transient status (t) 6,113 Turkey 32 Turnstone 39 Veery 76 Verification Committee v,3 Vireos 81,82,112 Vulture 24 Warblers 82-89,112 Waterthrush 88 Waxwings 80 Whimbrel 38 Whip-poor-will 57 Wigeon 20 Willet 37 Winter status (W,w) 6 Woodcock 43 Woodpeckers 60-62 Wrens 73,74,112 Yellowlegs 37 Yellowthroat 89 117 NOTES 118 — Response Form — Please tear out, complete, and return to: Montana Bird Distribution c/o Montana Natural Heritage Program 1515 E. 6th Ave. Helena, MT 59620 FORMAT 1. Are the maps in this book intelligible and useful? 2. Please indicate which format you would prefer for the next edition of this book: a. whole latilong records only (no quarters) b. same as this book c. quarter latilong records only (no centers) d. other: 3. Do you have any comments or suggestions regarding the maps of winter records? 4. Do you have any comments or suggestions regarding the overall size and format of the maps and of the whole book? DATA 5. Please indicate what kind of data you would prefer for the next edition of this book: a. cumulative records of observations through time, as in the first three editions b. only those observations reported since the previous edition (as discussed in the text) c. other: 6. Would you recommend any additions to or deletions from the current set of "observation types" (B,b,t,w,W)? 7. Are there other kinds of data that you'd hke to see in the next edition (e.g., spring arrivals, fall departures, abundance, habitats)? If yes, please describe. GENERAL 8. How often do you think this book should be updated? 9. Would you prefer a fancier book (e.g., photos, graphics, nicer design, nicer paper)*; 10. What can we do or provide to help you send us more data? 11. How could we improve the text in the book to make it more understandable or useful to you? 12. Anything else? We thank the following corporations and agencies whose generous contributions made this publication possible Montana Audubon WESTERN ENERGY COMPANY WESTECH %i::i, v<^ MOriTAFiA riATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM I?* 1515 East Sixth Avenue Helena, Montana 59620 (406) 444-3009 ^Hi^f^i^ ^fb*«r«-a A*W^ Printed on Recycled Paper