HANDBOUND
AT THE

UNIVERSITY OF
TORONTO PRESS

V

'&*■

vxz —

COLLINS'S

peerage of €nglattti;

GENEALOGICAL,
BIOGRAPHICAL, AND HISTORICAL.

GREATLY AUGMENTED,
AND CONTINUED TO THE PRESENT TIME,

BY

SIR EGERTON BRYDGES, K. J.

IN NINE VOLUMES.
VOL. II.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR F. C. AND J. RIVINGTON, OTRIDGE AND SON,
J. NICHOLS AND CO. T. PAYNE, WILKIE AND ROBINSON, J.
WALKER, CLARKE AND SONS, W. LOWNDES, R. LEA, J. CUTHELL,
LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND CO. WHITE, COCHRANE,
AND CO. C. LAW, CADELL AND DAVIES, J. BOOTH, CROSBY
AND CO. J. MURRAY, J. MAWMAN, J. BOOKER, R. SCHOLEY,
J. HATCHARD, R. BALDWIN, CRADOCK AND JOY, J. FAULDER,
GALE, CURTIS AND CO. JOHNSON AND CO. AND G, ROBINSON.

1812.

;cfrmlB

* %-r

T. Bensley, Printer,
Bolt Court, Fleet Street, London,

CONTENTS TO VOL. II.

DUKES, (Concluded.)

Page

Bertie, Duke of Ancaster, (since extinct) 1

Bentinck, Duke of Portland 29

Montagu, Duke of Manchester • 42

Sackville, Duke of Dorset go

Pelham Clinton, Duke of Newcastle ^ . . 181

Percy, Duke of Northumberland 217

MARQUISES.

Powlttt, Marquis of Winchester , 367

Grenville Nugent Temple, Marquis of Buckingham 39O

Petty, Marquis of Lansdowne 422

Gower, Marquis of Stafford 441

Townshend, Marquis Townshend 454

Cecil, Marquis of Salisbury 484

Thynne, Marquis of Bath 4Q6

Hamilton, Marquis of Abercorn 513

Comwallis, Marquis Cornwallis 537

Seymour, Marquis of Hertford 560

Stuart, Marquis of Bute 568

Cecil, Marquis of Exeter 582

f£f The Reader is requested to turn also to the Addenda at the end of
the Volume for the latest dates, and a few corrections, of every article.

.ii .joy o'

THE

PEERAGE OF ENGLAND;

BERTIE, DUKE OF ANC ASTER.

It is well known, that the elevation of the Berties was pro-
duced by a fortunate marriage at the close of the reign of Henry
VIII. with Katherine, Baroness IVilloughby of Eresby, widow of
Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. a

a The genealogical flattery of Collins in this instance raises a smile. But
I cannot refuse it a place in this note.

" This family," says Collins, " originally came into England from Berti-
land in Prussia, when the Saxons first invaded this nation ; and by the gift
of one of the Saxon Kings had a castle, and also a town, which was denomi-
nated from them Bertiestad,8 now Bersted, near Maidstone in Kent; Sted

and Stad denoting, in the Saxon language, a town.'' Unfortunately, surnames

tverc derived from places and not imposed on them.

" It appears b from an old manuscript in the Cotton library, that Lko-
fald de Bertie was constable of Dover castle in the reign of King Ethelred ;
from whom descended Hieronymus de Bertie, founder, or at least a great
benefactor to one of the monasteries in Kent, the north part of which he
built at his own expence, and himself was buried in a chapel there, where
these arms were put up against a pillar, viz Three Battering Rams in Pale.

" The said Leopaldc quarrelling with the monks of St. Austin at Can-
terbury, about tythes, and the monks endeavouring to carry them off by fores
of arms, a fight began, wherein a son of Leopald's was slain; of which he

a Phil pot's Survey of Kent. i Ex Collect Rob. Glover, Sonv

« Ibid.
^VOL. II. B

2 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Thomas Bertie, Esq. was captain of Hurst Castle in the Iste
of Wight, the latter end of the reign of Henry VII. and was
living in the reign of Edward VI. as appears in a grant of his
arms and crest, bearing date July 10th, 1550, by Thomas Hawley,
Clarenceux King of Arms ; wherein he certifies, " that he was
descended of an house undefamed, was then captain of Hurst
Castle for the King's Majesty, and had of a long time used him-
self in feats of arms and good works ; so that he was worthy in
all places of honour to be admitted, numbered and taken in the

company of other nobles, &c." By his wife, a daughter of

Say, of the county of Salop, he had issue, Richard, b who had
his education first in Corpus Christi college,- Oxon, of which
house he was fellow, and afterwards under Thomas Wriothesly,
Earl of Southampton, Lord High Chancellor of England j c and

complained to the King, but receiving no satisfaction, he flew for aid to Swain,
King of the Danes, who invaded the kingdom with a powerful fleet, which was
divided into two squadrons, one steering towards Northumberland, and the
other for Kent, where they joined Leopald's forces, and laid siege to Canter-
bury, which they took in the year 1014, leading the archbishop away captive.
But Swain dying, the scale soon turned, for Ethelred miserably persecuted
the Danes, andBuaBACH Bertie, the only surviving son ofLeopald, con-
scious of his father's actions, went to Robert, King of France, who received
him honourably, and taking to wife a French woman, settled there, where his
posterity continued till the year 1154, when Philip Bertie, with his family,
accompanied Henry II. into England, and by that Prince's favour, recovered
his patrimony in Bersted.

" This Philip had issue d Martin, who was father of Robert, who had
issue William, who had issue Edward, who was father of Jerome
Bertie, who lived at Bersted aforesaid, in the reign of Henry V-

" This Jerome, one Sunday in Lent, hearing a monk in a church exclaiming
against the murder occasioned by his ancestor, rushed in upon him, and slew
him ; for which rash act he was excommunicated by the archbishop, from
which he could not be absolved at any rate ; so he went to Rome, where he
obtained absolution, with this injunction, viz « To hear, in the monastery of
Canterbury, mass publicly on a Sunday ; then to ask first of the archbishop, and
then of the monks, pardon ; then to be absolved, and receive the sacrament,
and to give to the convent two pieces of gold, as the fruit of his repentance,
and for the souls of his ancestors. » He afterwards became a benefactor, by new
building, at his own charge, their church, by which (as my author saith) he
much impaired his fortune on earth, but by it he obtained a greater in heaven.

" To this Jerome' succeeded Robert de Bertie, his son and heir, who
had issue a son of his own name, father of William, who by his wife, a
daughter of Pepper, had issue Thomas Bertie, of Bersted in Kent, Esq.

«• Hist, and Antiq Oxon. lib. i. p *76. a. c Hollinsh. p. 1143.

* Ex Collect, Rob- Glover, Som. e Ibid.

DUKE OF ANCASTER. 3

being' singularly accomplished and learned in the French, Italian,
and Latin tongues, he gained the affections of Catherine, widow
of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. She was, in her own right,
Baroness Willoughby of Eresby, being daughter and sole
heir of William Willoughby, the last Lord Willoughby of Eresby,
of his sirname, as will be shewn under that title. But this Lady
being most zealous for the reformation, in the reign of Edward
VI. Stephen Gardiner, after that he was restored by Queen Mary
to his bishoprick of Winchester, d sent for this Richard Bertie
her husband, in the first year of her reign, and amongst some
questions touching his religion, asked, " Whether the Lady, his
wife, was now as ready to set up mass as she had been to pull it
down, when in her progress she caused a dog in a rochet to be
carried, and called by his name ?" Whereupon being advertised
by his friends, that the bishop meant to call the Duchess, his wife,
to an account for her faith j and foreseeing the danger, he pro-
cured the Queen's licence to travel beyond sea, e under colour
of looking after such debts as were due from the Emperor to the
late Duke of Suffolk, his Lady's former husband. And having
obtained it, passed the seas at Dover, in June the same year, 1554,
leaving her behind ; who, in January following, went disguised
from her house in Barbican, London ; and passing f to Leigh in
Essex, privately took shipping, and after much danger at sea, met
her husband at Santon in Cleveland, where, after some stay, dis-
cerning that they were like to be questioned for their religion by
the bishop of Arras, they were necessitated to haste away on foot
with her daughter, a child, and two of the servants, to Wesel, a
Hanse Town in the Duchy of Cleveland ; but being got thither,
extremely weather-beaten with rain, and going from inn to inn
to obtain lodging, it was refused them, by reason he was suspected
for a lance knight, and she his mistress : resolving therefore to
get shelter in the church porch, and to buy coals to warm them
there, in their way, hearing two young men speak Latin, he en-
quired of them in that language, where they might go to some
Walloon's house, and were happily brought where Mr. Perusel
lodged, who had formerly received some courtesies in England
from this Duchess. By his means being kindly entertained, they
changed apparel with the good man and his wife, and after hired
a house in that town, having got a protection from the magistrates
for their stay there j and here the Duchess being brought to bed

* Hollinsh- p. 1144 • Ibid. p. 114*. f Ibid. p. 1143, 1144

#

PEERAGE OF EXGLAXD.

of a son, October 12th, 1555, he, by reason of his birth in that
country, was christened Peregrine.

But when they thought themselves happily settled, intelligence
was sent to Mr. Bertie, that it had been contrived in England to
seize them there ; whereby they were obliged on a sudden to
haste to a s town called Winheim, in the Palsgrave's dominions,
where they staid till their necessaries began to fail 5 and then
it providentially happened, that Sigismund II. King of Poland,
hearing of their distress, invited them into his country.

They set forth from Winheim in April 1557, hut in their way
underwent divers great hardships, with no little danger of their
lives by the Landgrave's soldiers; who by reason of a quarrel for
a spaniel, which they had along with them, thrust boar-spears
into the waggon where the Duchess with her children and the
other women were, and, upon pursuit of her husband into a village,
had murdered him, but that he forsook his horse, and ran up a
ladder set to a garret window, near the top of an house. By
which means escaping their sudden fury, one of the burgh masters
came to him, and brought another person who could speak Latin ;
to whom submitting himself, he presently dispatched letters to
the Earl of Erbagh (dwelling within eight miles) who, thereupon
repairing thither, shewed them such respect as properly belonged
to persons of their quality. And seeing the Earl's behaviour to
them, the authors of the fray got off, and made all the friends
they could to them, not to report their usage in the worst manner.
After which they passed on quietly towards Poland, where they
received courteous entertainment from the King, and were ho-
nourably placed in the Earldom of Crozan in Sanogela; in which
place having the absolute power of governing, they continued in
great quietness and honour till the death of Queen Mary, and
then returned into England.

In 6 Elizabeth, waiting ou the Queen to Cambridge, when
the university, for five days, entertained her with comedies, tra-
gedies, and orations, Mr. Bertie had then the degree of master
of arts conferred on him.

He died in the sixty-fourth year of his age, on April 9th,
1582, as the inquisition taken h after his decease, August 14th,
24 Elizabeth, at Bourne in Lincolnshire, sets forth, and was pos-
sessed of one third of the monastery of Vawdie, alias Yaldy, the

t Holiinsh. p. 1145.
•> Cole's Esc. lib. 4 p 64 N. ui. A." 15. in Bib!. Harley.

DUKE OF ANCASTER. 5

manors of Edenham, and Scottlethorp, and rectory of Fulston, the
lordship and manor of Withcalle, with divers messuages, &c. a
messuage called the scite of the manor of Dawbney, and divers
messuages, &c. in Wottral, Willingham North, and South Wil-
lingham, and elsewhere, in the county of Lincoln. He survived
his Duchess, who' deceased on September 19th, 1580, and
was buried k at Spilsby in Lincolnshire, leaving issue by him an
only son, Peregrine Bertie, before mentioned, and a daughter,
Susan, ' married to Reginald Grey, Earl of Kent, and surviving
him, to Sir John Wingfield.

Which Peregrine, in the first of Elizabeth, m was naturalized
and made a free denizen, the patent bearing date August 2d,
1559."

On the death of his mother, he claimed the dignity and title
of Lord IVilloughly of Eresby, wearing his mourning apparel at

i F F in ofTic. arm. p. 27c

k Harl. MSS. No 6829 p 90- in Brit. Museum.

j Cat of Nob. by R Brooke. m Pat. 1 Eliz p. 2. m. 7.

" Of his birth in the church porch of Willebrode in Wesel, Germany, we
Jiave these further testimonials

A copy of the register of the city of Wesel, concerning the birth of the
Right Honourable Peregrine Berth, Lord Wit louchby of Eresby,
born there the 12th of October, 1555

We the Burgomasters, Aldermen, and counsellors of the city of Wesel in
the Duchy of Cleve, certify by these presents, that in the register of this city
is found entered the following account, the 2cth of November, 1 555.

Anno a partu Yirgineo rcstitutas salutis per Christum millesimo quingen-
tesimo quinquagesimo quinto, qui fuit Annus a\ Mundi exordio quinquies mil.
lesimus, quingentisimus vigesinuis tertius, ab innovata verd Doctrina. Evan-
gelij per Dominum Martinum Lutherum trigesimus octavus, die Saturni qui
erat duodecimus Mensis Octobris, Illustrissima Domina Catharina Baronissa
de Willoughby, Ducissa Sutfblcia?, in Anglicano Regno, Uxor Illustrissimi
Principis Domini Richardi Bertie d' Eresby ex Anglia, in hzc nostra Urbe
Vesaliensi Ducatus Clivensis (Divina obstetricante gratia; Filium peperit, qui
Die Lunae a partu proximo decimo quarto, Videlicet, ejusdem Mensis in
Templo nostro suburbano (vulgo Upter Mathena) Sacrosancto Baptismate per
Henricum Bomelium ejusdem Ecclesiae suscepto Perecrinus vocatus est j
to quod in Teria Peregrina, pro Consolatione exilij sui Piis Parentibus a Do-
mino donatus sit.

Postulatum est referri in Annales.

In the testimony of which we have put the common seal of our city
hereunto, at the request of the honourable Mr- Charles Bertie, envoy extraor-
dinary fiom his Majesty of Great Britain to the Electors, and other Princes of
Germany, at his passage through this city ; and have caused our cleik to sign
the same in the place of out secretary lately deceased.

Given at Wesel the 18th of January, 1681.

(L SJ God f. Ni fen, Secretarij defuncti Amanuensis,

6 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

her funeral in all points as a Baron ° j and was by Queen Eliza-
beth admitted to the dignity of Lord Willovgly, and to the
place and integrity of honour thereunto belonging (his father
then living) on Friday November 11th, 1580, by the mouth of
Sir William Cecil, Knight, Lord Burleigh, Lord High Treasurer
of England j Thomas, Earl of Sussex, Lord High Chamberlain j
and Robert, Earl of Leicester, who by her Majesty's assignment
had before heard and seen the petition, and proofs exhibited and
shewed by the said Peregrine, for the same dignity of Lord Wil-
loughby of Eresby ; and were, after report made unto her Ma-
jesty of his right and title to the same, commanded by her Ma-
jesty to declare unto him the said Peregrine, that, according to

Likewise this Inscription is placed at the East entrance of the porch of
the church of St. Willebrode in Wesel.

AnnoDom. 1555, 120 Octobris

In hoc Ecclesiae Vesaliensis Propylaeo

natus est, ideoq ; appellatus

Peregrinus Bertie,

Baro Willoughby de Eresby in Regno Anglic,

Domini Ricardi Bertie et Catharine

Ducissae Suffolciae Filius,

Qui Conjugali inter se, et pia erga Deum Fide insignes,

Ob Professionem Religionis a. Papismo repurgatse

Sponte ex Angiia profugerunt, Maria Regnante,

A. D- MDLIII.

Idem Peregrinus Bertie,

Postea Regnante Elizabetha

A D MDLXXXVIII.

Copiarum Anglicarum in Foederato Belgio

Sub Felicissimis illius Regin^e Auspiciis Militantium

Locum Tenens Gener alis constitutus est,

Et Posteros deinceps reliquit,

Qui etiamnum inclarescunt Titulo

Comitum de Lindsey, et Jure Haereditariq

Magnorum Angliae Camerariorum.

Hunc Lapidem

Altero partim vetustate exeso, partim Militum vi fracto,

Instauravit Caroluj Bertie

Montacuti Comitisde Lindsey Filius, et

Serenissimi D. Carol 1 Secundi Magnae Britanniae Regis

Adplerosq; Sac Rom. Imperii Electores

AUosq ; Germaniae Principes Ablegatus Extraordinarius.

A. D. MDCLXXX.

o Ex Collect. Dom. Gul. Le Neve, Claren- in Bibl. Joh. Anstis, Arm.
Not- B zu

DUKE OF ANCASTER. 7

his right, her pleasure was, that he should be named and called
Lord Willoughby, and be placed, reputed, and taken Lord Wil-
loughby, of Eresby, which they did in the star-chamber the day
and year aforesaid, even as they were ready to sit down to dinner
there : and at the same time placed the said Peregrine, Lord
Willoughby, at the table with them, according to his degree,
above divers other Barons which dined with them at the table,
and did all of them drink to him by the name of Lord Willoughby.
And on Monday. January 16th following, he took his seat in
parliament, next unto the Lord Zouch of Harringworth.

In 1582, he, »' with other nobles, by the Queen's command,
attended the Duke of Anjou to Antwerp, who had staid in
England three months in hopes of gaining her in marriage j and,
before the end of that year, was 4 sent to Frederic II. King of
Denmark, with the ensigns of the ord«r of the garter. In 2Q
Elizabeth, at the siege of Zutphen, in the Netherlands/ on a
sharp encounter with the forces of that garrison, he overthrew
George Cressiak, at that time commander in chief of the horse,
and took him prisoner. The year after, on the recess of the Earl
of Leicester, he was made s general of the English auxiliary forces
in the united provinces, and most valiantly defended Bergen-op-
zoom, besieged by the Prince of Parma, who was obliged to raise
the siege, notwithstanding he had deemed it incapable of holding
out any time. In 32 Elizabeth, he was * sent general of 4000
auxiliaries into France, in aid of the King of Navarre, who, in a
letter which he wrote to Queen Elizabeth, says, " You may,
Madam, be entirely satisfied, that I have been so effectually served
by your troops, and have had such convincing proofs of the good
conduct and courage of the Lord Willoughby, who is worthily
seconded by all the other gentlemen your subjects here, that they
more and more do honour to your judgment in your choice of
them, and encrease the obligations I lie under already to your
Majesty.'*

His Lordship being at the Spa in Germany for the recovery of
his health, at the time when an invasion was expected to be made
upon these kingdoms by Spain, the Queen wrote him the follow-
ing letter.

f Camden's Annals. 1 Stow's Annals, p. 695.

r Ibid. p. 736. ' s Rymer's Feed. Tom p. XVI. p 14.

' Camden's Annals.

6 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Good Peregrine,

We are not a little glad that by your journey you have re-
ceived such good fruit of amendment j especially when we con*
sider how great a vexation it is to a mind devoted to actions of
honour, to be restrained, by any indisposition of body, from fol-
lowing those courses, which, to your own reputation, and our
great satisfaction, you have formerly performed. And therefore
as we must now (out of our desire of your well doing) chiefly
enjoyne you to an especial care to encrease and continue your
health, which must give life to all your best endeavours ; so we
next as seriously recommend to you this consideration, that in
these times, when there is such an appearance, that we shall have;
the trial of our best and noble subjects, you seem not to affect the
satisfaction of your own private contentation, beyond the attend-
ing on that which nature and duty challengeth from all persons
of your quality and profession. For if necessarily (your health of
body being recovered) you should elloigne yourself by residence
there from those employments, whereof we shall have too good
store, you shall not so much amend the state of your body, as
haply you shall call in question the reputation of your mind and
judgment, even in the opinion of those that love you, and are
best acquainted with your disposition and discretion.

Interpret this our plainness, we pray you, to an extraordinary
estimation of you, for it is not common with us to deal so freely
with many; arid believe that you shall ever find us both ready
and willing on all occasions, to yield you the fruits of that interest,
which your endeavours have purchased for you in our opinion
and estimation. Not doubting, but when you have with mode-
ration made trial of the successes of these your sundrie peregri-
nations, you will find'as great comfort to spend your days at home,
as heretofore you have done; of which we do wish you full mea-
sure, howsoever you shall have cause of abode or return. Given
under our signet at our manor of Nonesuch, the seventh of Oc*
fober 1594, in the thirty-seventh year of our reign.

Your most loving Sovereign,

E. R.

And being governor of Berwick, makes his will there, August
7th, 1599, bequeathing his body to be buried in the parish church
of Spilsby in com. Line, and dying in 1603, was there buried, ag
is evident from a monument erected to his memory.

DUKE OF ANCASTER. 9

" My Lord Willoughby," says Naunton, u was one of the
Queenes first swordsmen : he was of the antient extract of the
Bartewes, but more enobled by his mother, who was Duches of
Suffolk. He was a great master of the art military, and was sent
Generall into France, and commanded the second army of five
the Queene had sent thither in aid of the French. I have heard
it spoken that had he not slighted the court, but applied himself
to the Queene, he might have enjoyed a plentifull portion of her
grace : "and it was his saying, and it did him no good, that he was
none of the Reptilia, intimating that he could not creepe on the
ground, and that the court was not his element : for indeed
he was a great soldier, so he was of a suitable magnanimitie,
and could not brooke the obsequiousness and assiduitie of the
court j and as he was then somewhat descending from youth,
happily he had an animam revertenti, and to make a safe re-
treat."

His last testament is very memorable, as follows :

" ■ In the name of the blessed divine trynitie in persons, and
of omnipotent unitye in godhead, who created, redeemed and
sanctified me, whom I steadfastlye beleeve will glorifie this sinfull
corruptyble and fieshely bodye with eternall happiness, by a joye-
ful resurrection at the general judgment, when by his incompre-
hensible justice and mercye having satisfied for my sinfull soule,
and stored it uppe in his heavenly treasure, his almightie voyce
shall call all fleshe to be joyned together with the soule to ever-
lasting comfort or discomforte. In that holy name I Peregrin
Bertye, Knighte, Lord Willoughbie of Willoughbie, Beeke, and
Eresbie, in perfect healthe and remembrance, and considering the
frayltie of man, and the incertentye howe shorte and evill his
dayes be, and intending to establishe and dispose theis worldely
benefytts that God hath lent me, to the comforte and advantage
of such children as God hath blessed me withall, hoping that they
my said chilldren will nourish and mayntaine all brotherly kind-
ness, love and affectyon betweene themselves, considering the
misery division bringeth in all estates of this hatefull worlde, styll
to the wurse declyning. Now I the said Lord Willoughbie make
and declare this my laste wyll and testament, as followeth :

" He orders his body to be buried in the church of Spilsby in
the county of Lincoln, observing christian conveniency, and avoid-
ing superfluous charge. He bequeaths to his son Peregrine Bertie,

v Ex Rcgist in Cur Prcrog Cant, vocat Woodhall, <ju 58.

10 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

his manor of Wheatacre borough, in the counties of Norfolk and
Suffolk, with the appurtenances to him and the heirs male of his
body, as also all his messuages, lands, &c. with appurtenances,
known by the name of Willoughby Rents, scituate in Barbican
and Golding- Lane in London, to enjoy the same after the death
of his sister Susan Countess of Kent.

€t He bequeaths to his son Henry Bertie, the manor of Ful-
stowe, Beek, and Arseik in the county of Lincoln, for two years
after his decease, and the manor of Wythegall for life, and after
to his heirs male, and the manor of Hanby in com. Line, for sixty
years, and Willoughby parsonage for life.

" To Vere Bertie his son, diverse lands and tenements in
several manors for his life.

€S To Roger his son, so much of his demesnes of his manor of
Gosberton, as are in the occupation of Henry Valentine, and
diverse other lands, &c. for life.

u And whereas a marriage was concluded between his only
daughter Catharine and Charles Sheffield, Esq. son and heir of
the Lord Sheffield, who was to have with her a portion of 4000 I.
he bequeaths the said 4000/. to be divided between his said four
younger sons, if so be she died before the marriage was consum-
mated (which said marriage took no effect, the said Charles
Sheffield, Esq. dying.)

<l He bequeaths to Edward Lord Zouch, Robert Lord Rich,
Sir Drew Drury, and Sir John Peyton of Baupre-Hall, Knights,
his manors of Grimsthorp, with the park, &c. Toynton and the
park, Stickford, Allford, with the royalties thereof, lately bought
of Mr. Hanby 5 the manor of Well, the manor of Eresby, with
the east park and west park, the manor of Spilsby, and Skidbroke,
with Saltfleet haven, Friskney, certain lands in Earebie, Hundleby
and Rathebie ; the lastage of Sherbecks, two parks of the demesne
lands of Valdye, als. Vaudye, with the woods, warren of conies,
and certain lands inclosed j the new park of Grimsthorp, with
divers other lands adjacent ,' the third part of his great mansion
house called Willoughby House in Barbican, and all his other
lands, &c. not before devised. To bold during the minority of his
son and heir Robert Bertie, and on his decease without issue,
during the minority of his other sons.

(t Moreover, he in most humble and dutiful manner desired
her most gracious Majesty, that in some respect of his loyal and
ready heart always to do her all faithful service, it would please
her Majesty to grant the education and wardship of his son and

DUKE OF ANCASTER. 11

heir, and one lease of her Majesty's third part of his lands during
his nonage to the said Lord Zouch, &c. whereby her Majesty
would most royally respect his long and affectionate service
towards her. And for a small remembrance of his loyalty and
duty which he had always observed toward her Majesty, he de-
sires she would accept of a cup of gold to the value of 100/. or
some jewels of that value, as may best content her, and best re-
present the loyalty of his heart. He ordains his son Robert
Bertie sole executor, and the Lord Zouch, &c. supervisors to his
said son, and to administer in his behalf, till such age as by law
he can take upon him to be executor. And ordains Sir Robert
Cecil the only overseer, to whom he gives two of his best horses,
at his election. Dated at Berwick, 7th August, 15gO."

In a paper schedule annexed to his will, made at the same
time, M he gives to his son Peregrine seventeen pieces of hang-
ings brought out of the Low Countries, then at Berwick, as also
a carnation cloth of silver, bed, chairs, &c. belonging to it ; a
yellow velvet bed, a watchitt field-bed embroidered with hair-
coloured velvet : and orders the rest of his hangings, &c. at Ber-
wick brought from London and Eresby, should be sent to the
same places for the use of his eldest son, together with his plate
and silver vessels.

•/ He also leaves to his son Robert for a token, the chain of
gold with the Palsgrave's figure to it set with diamonds, which
was given him by the said Palsgrave.

" To his son Peregrine all his books at Berwick and Eresby,
and half of his library at London j but his whole library at
Grimsthorp, the other half of that at London, and all his goods
not bequeathed, to his son Robert ; and was bountiful to every of
his servants."

He concludes, " Thus acknowledging myself most bound
unto God, that neither made me abound with worldly trashe, nor
yet suppressed me with poverty j expecting richer joys that never
faile in his hiest kingdom, whereunto, through his mercy, I have
by the scale of faythe set forwarde on foot, and apparently dis-
cerned the difference betweene heaven and earthe, and so appre-
hended stedfastJy the joyes of the one by that I have temporally
here observed. For I am sure my Redeemer lyveth, and he shall
stand the last upon the earthe, and thoughe after wormes destroy
this body, yet shall I see God in my fleshe, whome I myself shall
gee, and myne eyes shall behoulde, and no other for me, though

12 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

my reynes are consumed within me. So to his mercy I commend
you all, beloved race, and frendes."

His Lordship married Mary, daughter to John Vere, Earl of
Oxford, sister and heir of the whole blood to Edward seventeenth
Earl of Oxford, and left issue by her, who died in 1624, live
sons, and a daughter Catharine, married to Sir Lewis Watson of
Rockingham Castle in the county of Northampton, afterwards
Lord Rockingham. The eldest son was Robert, who succeeded
his father. Peregrine, the second son, at the creation of Henry
Prince of Wales, June 2d, If3l0, was by a bill signed with the
King's own hand, appointed to repair to Durham House, x and
was made one of the Knights of the Bath. He died aged sixty-
five, in 1640, (and by Margaret his wife, daughter of Nicholas
Saunderson, Viscount Castleton, left issue Nicholas Bertie, of St.
Martin's in the Fields, Westminster, Esq. who died .... January,
167], and by his wife Mary, daughter of Edward Ray bone, of
Chard in com. Somers. had issue Peregrine Bertie, Esq. born
January 14th, 1655, and died in 1721, leaving issue Peregrine,
from whom the Berties of Low Lay ton in Essex, -v were descended.)
Henry, the third son, married Dorothy, daughter of ... . Corbet
of Clipston in Rutlandshire, and was ancestor to the Berties of
Lound in Lincolnshire. Vere, and Roger, the other sons, died
without issue.

Robert, the eldest son, first Earl, in the first of James I. mat ■»
ing his claim to the Earldom of Oxford, as also to the title of Lord
Bulbeck, Sandford, and Badlesmere, and to the office of Lord High
Chamberlain of England, as son and heir to Mary, the sole daughter
of that great family, z (as before noted) after much dispute, had
judgment on his behalf for the office of Lord High Chamberlain ;
and the same year tookjiis seat above all the Barons. On January
5th, 16O-I-5, hea was with Charles Duke of Albany (after
Charles I.) and ten others, made Knights of the Bath. On No-
vember 22d, 1626, the 2d of Charles I. he was advanced to the
dignity of Earl of Lindsey. The preamble to his patent recites,
that the King, in consideration of the merits of Robert Lord Wil-

* Anstis on Knighthood of the Bath, p 61, 62.

y Mary, daughter and coheir of Peregrine Bertie, Esq, of Low Layton in
Essex, was married, June 2oTh, 1782. to Samuel Lichigaray, Esq-

■ He claimed as heir of the -whole blood, there being nearer heirs of thq
half blood.

• Anstis on Knighthood of the Bath, 4to. p. 60.

DUKE OF ANCASTER. IS

loiighby of Willoughby, Beake, and Eresby, Lord Great Cham-
berlain of England ; and that he is a man, the brave son of a most
noble and gallant father, and of great loyalty to us : and also how
much he merited by his services to us, when in Denmark and
Norway, and commander of the forces in the United Provinces;
where he behaved as a valiant Knight fit for command, and
crowned his high birth, with virtue, wisdom, and sweetness of
behaviour. Also remembering his hereditary right to the office
of Lord High Chamberlain of England, devolved upon him from
Robert de Vere, his next cousin and heir ; and as that place in
the earliest times was enjoyed by no person, under the degree of
an Earl, he creates him Earl of Lindsey. And four years
after he was elected a Knight of the most noble order of the
Garter : on November 28th, next year, 1631, was made Constable
of England, for the trial of the Lord Rea, and David Ramsey, in
the court military $ but his patent was revoked 20 Maij after.

In the 11th of Charles I. he was constituted Lord High Ad-
miral of England; and in 1639, on tne Scots taking arms, he was
made governor of Berwick. Also in June 1642, being chosen
general of the King's forces at the breaking out of the civil war,
he, on October 23d following, received his death's wound in his
Majesty's service, at the battle of Edge Hill in the county of War-
wick, and was brought prisoner to Warwick Castle, where he
died the same night, aged sixty years, and was buried at Eden-
ham in com. Line. The Earl of Clarendon gives him this cha-
racter : " He was, says he, a man of great honour, and spent the
youth and vigour of his age in military actions, and commands
abroad ; and albeit he indulged to himself great liberties of life,
yet he still preserved a very good reputation with all men, and a
very great interest in his country, as appears by the supplies he
and his son brought to the King's army j the companies of his
own regiment of foot being commanded by the principal knights
and gentlemen of Lincolnshire, who engaged themselves in the
service principally out of their personal affection to him. He was
of a very generous nature, and punctual in what he undertook,
and in exacting what was due to him 5 which made him bear that
restriction so heavily, which was put upon him by the commission
granted to Prince Rupert, and by the King's preferring the
Prince's opinion in all matters relating to the war before his. Nor
did he conceal his resentment; for the day before the battle he
said to some friends with whom he had used freedom, that he did
not look upon hioibelf as general ; and therefore he was resolved,

14 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

when the day of battle should come, that he would be at the
head of his regiment as a private colonel, where he would die.
He was carried out of the field to the next village (and if there
could have been a surgeon procured, it was thought his wound
would not have proved mortal) j and as soon as the other army-
was composed, by the coming on of the night, the Earl of Essex
about midnight sent Sir William Balfour, and some other officers
to see him, and meant himself to visit him. They found him
upon a little straw, in a poor house, where they had laid him in
his blood, which had run from him in great abundance. He said,
he was sorry to see so many gentlemen (some whereof were his
old friends) engaged in so foul a rebellion j wishing them to tell
the Earl of Essex, that he ought to throw himself at the King's
feet to beg his pardon ; which, if he did not speedily do, his me-
mory would be odious to the nation ; and continued this kind of
discourse with such vehemence, that the officers by degrees with-
drew themselves, and prevented the visit the Earl of Essex in-
tended him, who only sent him the best surgeons 5 but in the
very opening of his wounds he died before morning, by the loss of
blood. He had very many friends, and few enemies, and died
generally lamented."

He married Elizabeth, only child of Edward the first Lord
Montagu of Boughton in com. Northampton, (by Elizabeth his
first wife, daughter and heir to Sir John Jefferies of Shillingley,
in Sussex, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, by Elizabeth his
wife, daughter and heir of John Ansley, Esq.) and by her, who
died November 30th, 1654, and was buried at Weekeley in
Northamptonshire, had eight sons and five daughters,

First, Montagu, his successor.

Second, Roger, Knight of the Batli at the coronation of
Charles I. married Ursula, daughter and heir of Sir Edward
Lawley of Wenlock, in the county of Salop, Knight, and dying
October 15th 1654, left a son Robert, who died in August 1698,
without issue.

Third, Sir Peregrine was of Eveden in com. Line, in right of
his wife Anne, daughter and coheir of Daniel Hardeby, or Hardby,
of the same place, Esq. and left issue an only daughter and heir
Elizabeth, married to William, Lord Widdrington. The said
Peregrine, and his wife, lie buried in the church of Eveden, where
they have a monument erected to their memory, but without spe*
cifying when they died. According to Anthony a" Wood, in his
Athenx Oxon. Sir Peregrine had a daughter married to Robert

DUKE OF ANC ASTER. 15

Levinz, doctor of the civil law, who was a captain in the service
of Charles I. and Charles II. and was hanged at London, on July
18th, 1650, for having blank commissions in his custody from the
latter, but does not mention her having another husband : how-
ever, if Sir Peregrine had no other daughter than Elizabeth, it is
evident from the computation of time, that her second marriage
was with Widdrington.

Fourth, Francis, was captain of horse, and killed in the King's
service in Ireland, in 1641.

Fifth, Robert, born on January 1st, 1619/was Fellow of
Sidney College, Cambridge, whence he was ejected by the Earl
of Manchester, on April 1644, for his loyalty to King Charles I.
but after the restoration of Charles II. was secretary to the com-
missioners of the customs, died in 1704, b and is buried at Bark-
ing in Essex 5 having had three wives, first, Alice, daughter of
Richard Barnard, Esq. and widow of Francis Osbaston of Bee-
hive, c in the parish of Barking, in Essex j she died 1677 ; second,
Elizabeth, second daughter of Sir Thomas Bennet, of Baberham
in Cambridgeshire, Knight ; and, third, Mary, daughter of Robert
Halsey, of Great Gaddesden in Hertfordshire, Esq. and relict of
John Crosby, Esq. By an inscription in the church of St. Giles
in the fields, London, it appears, that this Robert was an inhabi-
tant of that parish, and that he gave 50/. to the churchwardens,
enjoining the interest thereof to be distributed for ever in bread
to the poor of the same parish, 12d. worth on every Sunday in
the year j and on every New year's day bs. if on a Sunday, other-
wise 4s, and on the last day of August. This benefaction took
place 1st of January, 1677.

Sixth, Henry, was a captain of horse, and lost his life in the
King's service at the battle of Newberry.

Seventh, Vere, died unmarried at Newport in com. Essex 1
and

Eighth, Edward Bertie, born October 17th, 1624, died De-
cember 25th, 1686, and was buried at Richmond in Surry j he
married Jane, d daughter of Francis Rogers, of Maidencroit in
the county of Hertford, Esq. The five daughters were,

First, Catharine, married to Sir William Paston of Oxnead n

b Lysons says 1701, aged eighty four.

c See Lysons's Environs, vol iv. p. 88.

4 Edmondson's Baronagium Genealogicum

>

16 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the county of Norfolk, Bart, she died e 3 cal. Jan. 1636, and is
buried at Oxnead.

Second, Elizabeth, to Sir Miles Stapleton of Carlton in com.
Ebor. Knight, and died 28th February 1683.

Third, Anne, who died unmarried, and was buried in St.
Michael's chapel in Westminster Abbey, March 22d, 1660.

Fourth, Sophia, wedded to Sir Richard Chaworth, Knight,
LL. D. she died 20th December 1689, aged seventy-two, and is
buried at Richmond in Surry, where a monument is erected to
her memory.

Fifth, Mary, married to John Hewitt, D. D. who was be-
headed for his loyalty to Charles I. and after to Sir Abraham
Shipman, Knight.

Sir Montagu, theeldest son, second Earl, in 1639, was captain
of the King's guards, in the army raised to march against the Scots,
and waited on his Majesty in that expedition ; and was in the
battle of Edge-hill, Oct. 23, 1642, where he commanded the King's
royal regiment of guards ; and being near his valiant father, and
seeing him wounded and taken prisoner, was moved with such
filial piety, that he voluntarily yielded himself to a commander of
horse on the rebels' side, to be near and attend him. The King
was so much affected with the loss of this nobleman's father, and
his imprisonment, that, a few days after the battle, he wrote the
following letter with his own hand, directed to the Earl of Lindsey,
Lord High Chamberlain of England.

Lindsey,
You cannot be more sensible, as I believe, of your fathers
loss, than myself; his death confirming the estimation I had of
him. As for yourself, the double sufferings you have had for my
sake, both in your father's person and your own, puts upon me
the stricter obligation, not only to restore you to your liberty,
now unjustly detained from you, but also to shew the world by
my actions how really I am

Your assured and constant friend,
Ayno, 27th October 1642. Charles R.

Being afterwards exchanged, he resolutely adhered to the
King's service, and courageously commanded the regiment of

• Parkins's Continuation of the History of Norfolk, fol. 701 ; and Fenn's
Paston Letters.

DUKE OF ANC ASTER. 17

guards iir several battles, as at Newberry, Cropredy, Lestvvithiel,
besides other places ; also in that fatal battle of Naseby, where
he was wounded ; and had a share in all the misfortunes of that
King, being one of the gentlemen of his royal bedchamber, and
of his privy-council, attending him even to the time his Majesty
put himself into the hands of the Scots. At the treaty in the
Isle of Wight, the King sent for him to be one of his commis-
sioners and advisers.

When his Lordship understood that the rebels intended to put
their Sovereign to death, he, with the Duke of Richmond, the
Marquis of Hertford, and the Earl of Southampton, generously
offered themselves sacrifices for his Majesty's safety, as having
been, by their office of privy counsellors, the advisers of the
measures imputed to him as criminal : and after his Majesty's
murder, they obtained licence to attend his interment at Windsor.
After that, he compounded for his estate at 647/. 13s. Od. f with
300/. per ann. settled on the teachers of those times. He
afterwards lived privately, expecting and endeavouring the re-
storation of monarchy, and episcopacy : which being effected,
King Charles II. swore him of his privy-council, and constituted
him Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of
Lincoln, g July 16th, 1(560, and Custos Rotulorum of Oxford-
shire, on August 20th, following. He was elected a Knight of
the most noble order of the Garter, h at a chapter held at White-
hall, April 1st, 1661 ) and was * installed at Windsor, April 15th
following.

Lord Clarendon says, " he desired his Highness (the Duke)
to put the King in mind of the Earl of Lindsey, Lord High
Chamberlain of England," (with whom he was known to have
no friendship j on the contrary, that there had been disgusts be-
tween them in the last King's time}) " that his father had lost
his life with the garter about his neck, when this gentleman, his
son, endeavouiing to relieve him, was taken prisoner; that he
had served the King to the end of the war with courage and fide-
lity, being an excellent officer : for all which the King his father
had admitted him a gentleman of his bedchamber, which office
he was now without : and not to have the garter now upon his

f List of Compounders, Edit. 1655, in Letter L.
s BillSignat. 12 Car. II.
h Sir Edward Walker's Hist. Account of Knights of the Garter, MS.
p. 38. ' Ibid, p 47.

VOL. II. c

18 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Majesty's return, would in all men's eyes look like a degradation,
and an instance of his Majesty's disesteem j especially if the Chan-
cellor should supply his place, who was not thought his friend :"
and upon the whole matter, entreated the Duke " to reserve his
favour towards him for some other occasion, and excuse him to
the King for the declining this honour, which he could not sup-
port." The Duke replied with an offended countenance, " that
he saw he would not accept any honour from the King, that pro-
ceeded by his mediation ;" and so left him in apparent displea-
sure. However, at the chapter, the Earl of Lindsey was created
Knight of the Garter with the rest; and coming afterwards to
hear by what chance it was, he ever lived with great civility
towards the Chancellor to his death." k

At the King's coronation, exhibiting his claim, for the ex-
ercise of that great hereditary office of Lord High Chamberlain
of England, and for the reception of such fees and benefits as his
noble ancestors had heretofore thereupon enjoyed, he accordingly,
on that solemn day, executed the said office of Lord High Cham-
berlain, and received those fees and benefits, which were of right
his due.

This noble and valiant Earl departed this life at Campden-
House in Kensington, July 25th, 1 666, aged fifty-eight years j
and was buried at Edenham, in the vault with his noble father.

He had to his first wife, Martha, daughter to Sir William
Cockayn, of Rushton in the county of Northampton, Knight,
(ancestor to the Lord Viscount Cullen) widow of John Ramsay,
Earl of Holdernesse j and by her, who died in July, lf34l, had
five sons and three daughters.

Also by his second wife, Bridget, widow of Edward Sackville,
Esq. second son of Edward Earl of Dorset, and daughter and sole
heir to Edward Wray, Esq. groom of the bed chamber to James I.
(third son of Sir William Wray of Glentworth in the county of
Lincoln, Knight and Bart.) by Elizabeth his wife, daughter and
heir to Francis, Lord Norris, Earl of Berkshire, had three sons,
and a daughter Mary, born in lf340, married to Charles Dormer,
Earl of Caernarvon, and died 29th June, 1709 : and of the sons
by the second wife, James the eldest, was Lord Norreys by de-
scent, and created Earl of Abingdon, of whom I shall further
treat in due place j Edward, who died in his infancy; Henry,
the youngest, married Philadelphia, daughter to Sir Edward

k Life <Jf Lord Clarendon, vol. it p. 44.

DUKE OF ANCASTER. ig

Norris, of Weston, in the county of Oxford ; of whom more fully
under the title of Abingdon.

The daughters of the Earl, by his first wife, were Elizabeth,
married to Baptist Noel, Viscount Campden j Bridget, to Thomas
Osborne, Duke of Leeds j and Catharine, to Robert Dormer, of
Dorton in com Bucks, Esq.

Of his five sons, by his first wife, Robert the eldest succeeded
to the honours and estate.

Peregrine, second son, a captain in the army, died in 1700,
and is buried at Waldershare 5 l having married Susan, daughter
and coheir of Sir Edward Monins, of Waldershare in Kent, Bart,
by whom he had that estate, and three daughters, Bridget, wife
of John, Earl Poulet; Elizabeth, who died unmarried) and
Mary, married first to Anthony Henley, of the Grange in com.
Southamp. Esq. and secondly, to Henry Bertie, Esq. third son of
James, Earl of Abingdon.

Richard, third son, a captain in the army, was of Creton in
Lincolnshire, died unmarried, in 1685, aet. fifty, and buried at
Edenham.™

Vere, fourth son, who having, with his next brother, Charles*
received the degree of M. A. in 1665, was on June 4th, 1675,
made a Baron of the Exchequer, and a justice of the common
pleas on June 15th, 1678; having, previously to his being ap-
pointed a judge, been secretary to the treasury, and treasurer of
the ordnance, but died unmarried, February 13 th, 1680.

Charles, the youngest, was seated at Uffington in Lincolnshire,
was representative in several parliaments for the borough of Stam-
ford in that county, died March 22d, 1711, in the seventy- seventh
year of his age, and was interred in the chancel of Uffington
church, where a monument is erected for him, leaving by Mary
his wife, daughter of Peter Tryon, of Harringworth in com.
Northamp. Esq. (and widow of Sir Samuel Jones, of Courtenhall
in the same county, Knight,) one son Charles, and a daughter
Elizabeth, married to Charles Mildmay, Lord Fitzwalter. The
said Charles, his only surviving son, married Mary,11 daughter
and heir to John Norborne, of Great Stewkeley in Huntingdon-
shire, Esq. and left issue one daughter Susanna, married to Ed-
ward Hales of Lincoln, Esq. brother to Sir Christopher Hales,
l5art. and three sons; first, Charles, seated at Uffington, who

1 Where he has a handsome monument. SeeTopogr. vol. i. p. 17.
m See his epitaph in Gent Mag. vol. lxxviii p. 19.
n The marriage articles are dated June 13 and 14, 1704.-

20 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

married Bathsheba, daughter of that eminent physician, Dr.
Mead, who deceased September 13th, 1754, and had issue a
daughter Bathsheba, who was buried at Stepney, 1749, and five
sons, Charles, Richard, James, Montagu, and Vere, who died 1/47 5
and of whom Charles died at his house in Piccadilly, October
21st, 1780, aged forty-six." Second, Peregrine, of Lincoln's-Inn,
Esq. who married, the 23 d of December, 1736, Elizabeth, daughter
of Edward Payne, of Tottenham Wick in Wiltshire, and had a
son Peregrine, born June 22d, 1739 j he had a daughter Sophia,
who was baptised in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, Sep-
tember 1st, 1743. Third, Norborne Bertie, of St. John's College,
Oxon, rector of West Deeping, vicar of Fallington in com. Line,
and afterwards rector of Uffiagton.

Robert, third Eaul of Lindsey (eldest son of Montagu, Earl
of Lindsey) was sworn of the privy-council, December 1 2th, 1666 j
and March 19th, 1684, he was constituted Lord Lieutenant and
Custos Rotulorum of the county of Lincoln. ° He first married
Mary, daughter and coheir of John Massingberd of London,
merchant, descended of an ancient family in Lincolnshire, and
widow of George, p only son of Lord Berkeley, by whom he had
an only daughter Arabella, married to Thomas Savage, Earl
Rivers. And taking to his second wife Elizabeth, daughter to
Philip, Lord Wharton, had by her five sons j and by his third
wife Elizabeth, daughter and sole heir of Thomas Pope, Earl of
Down, in Ireland, and widow of Sir Francis Henry Lee, of
Ditchley in Oxfordshire, Bart, had one son Charles, and a daughter
Elizabeth, who both died unmarried. The Countess their mother
died 1st July, 1719. His five sons were,
First, Robert, his successor.

Second, Peregrine, who was vice chamberlain of the house-
hold to Queen Anne, one of the tellers of the Exchequer, member
of parliament for Boston in Lincolnshire, and died July 10th,
1711, without issue.

Third, Philip, who was constituted <i auditor of the Duchy of
Cornwall on September 26th, 1692, and died unmarried, April
15th, 1728.

Fourth, Noreys, who also died unmarried.
And fifth, Albemarle Bertie, youngest son, who was chosen
for the r county of Lincoln in 1705 and 1707 5 for the borough of

n Coffin Plate. ° Bill Signat 1 Jac II.

r Aubrey's Hist of Surry, vol i p. 212

* Pat 4 Will and Mary. * British Farl. Regist. No. 44, and 103.

DUKE OF ANCASTER. 21

Cokerraouth, in 1708; and for Boston8 in the parliament which
sat first on business Janury 23d, 1/34-5. He was auditor of the
Duchy of Cornwall, and died unmarried 23d of January 1741-2,
leaving his estate to his grand nephew, Lord Brownlowe Bertie,
after mentioned.

Robert, first Duke of Ancaster, the eldest son, was * called
up by writ to the house of peers in his father's life time, and in-
troduced in the house, April 2/th, 1690, by the title of Lord Wil-
loughby of Eresby. Succeeding his father as Earl of Lindsey, on
May 8th, 1701, he took his seat in the house of peers as Earl of
Lindsey, May 28th, and was one of the privy-council to King
William III. and Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum for the
county of Lincoln. He was sworn of the privy council to Queen
Anne, June 19th, 1701, and took his place at the board accord-
ingly ; and again November 25th, 17O8, after the union of the
two kingdoms. On June 24th, 1702, he was again constituted
Loid Lieutenant of the county of Lincoln. On December 29th,
1706, he was created Marquis ofLindsey ; and was appointed by
George I. one of the lords justices of Great Britain, till his arrival
from Hanover, when, on October 1st, 1714, he was sworn of his
privy council, and in the same month made Lord Lieutenant11
and Custos Rotulorum for the county of Lincoln : and his Majesty
taking into consideration the great services of his ancestors, and
his own merits, was pleased to create him Duke of Ancaster and
Kesteven, by letters patent bearing date July 20th, 1715. His
Grace married to his first wife July 30th, 1678, Mary, daughter
to Sir Richard Wynn, of Gwedier in the county of Caernarvon,
Bart, who dying September 20th, 1689, left issue two sons and
three daughters 5 Robert, born February 6th, 1683-4, and died
at Wolfenbuttle on his travels j Peregrine, Duke of Ancaster j
Lady Elizabeth ; Lady Eleanor ; x and Lady Mary, who all died
unmarried. He married, secondly, Albinia, daughter to major-
general William Farrington of Chisselhurst in Kent, (who afterr
wards married with James L»ouglas, Esq. j she died on July 29th,
1745, and is buried near the communion table in the church at
Chisselhurst) by whom he had issue four sons,

First, LordVcre Bertie, who was member of parliament for
Boston in Lincolnshire, and in 1736, was married to Miss Anne

• British Pari. Regist. No. 105.

t Journal Dom. Procer. „ Bill. Signat 1 Geo. I.

* She died January nth, 1748, at Grimsthorp, in her sixty-fourth year.

22 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Casey, of Braunston near Lincoln, by whom he had two sons,
who died young ; and two daughters, Albinia, married May 22d,
1757, to the Honourable George Hobart, since Earl of Bucking-
hamshire 5 and Louisa, married, April 19th, 1778, to general Sir
Charles Stuart, K. B. son of John Earl of Bute. His Lordship
died 13th September, 1/68, aged fifty nine 5 and his widow
survived till 1778.

Second, Lord Montagu Bertie, captain in the navy, died 12th
December 1753, and was buried at Chisselhurst in Kent. He
married Elizabeth, y daughter of William Piers, Esq. member of
parliament for Wells, by whom he had only two daughters, first,
Augusta, married 26th March 1758, to John, Lord Burghersh
(after Earl of Westmorland) and died January 3d, 17663 second,
Frances.

Third, Lord Robert, z who on May 7th, 1752, was appointed
one of the aid-de-camps, general of his Majesty's forces, colonel
of the second troop of guards, and governor of Duncannon in the
kingdom of Ireland. His Lordship was also one of the lords of
bis Majesty's bedchamber, having been in the same station to him
when Prince of Wales, and likewise to his father. On May 20th,
1756, he was on board the Ramillies (then intending to join his
regiment in Minorca) with Admiral Byng, in the engagement
with the French fleet off that island, and gave a very clear and
candid evidence in behalf of the admiral at his trial in January
following. His Lordship, in 17^7> was elected for Whitchurch
in Hants, and in the four succeeding parliaments for Boston
in Lincolnshire. On April 5th, 1762, he wedded Chetwynd,
third daughter and coheir of Montagu late Viscount Blundell, in
Ireland, and relict of Robert late Lord Raymond, by whom he
had no issue. And died March 10th, 1782, at his house in Mor-
timer-street, London.

Fourth, Lord Thomas, who was made captain of his Majesty's
ship the Winchester, March 14 th, 1743-4, and sailing to the
East Indies, remained in that station* upwards of four years, and
in his return unhappily died coming into the channel, on the
English coast, July 21st, 1749, and August 6th following, his
Corpse was carried from Portsmouth in great funeral pomp, to be
interred at Chisselhurst. In which church is a beautiful monu-
ment ornamented with an urn, incircled with a festoon of flowers,
between the trophies and naval ensigns of war, in statuary marble,

y She died May 1781.

DUKE OF ANCASTER. 23

and a sea engagement finely expressed in basso relievo, also this
inscription.

f< Sacred to those virtues that adorn a Christian and a sailor,
this marble perpetuates the memory of the Right Honourable
Lord Thomas Bertie, captain in the royal navy. His eminent
abilities in his profession, and amiable qualities in private life,
rendered his death universally regretted. Obiit the 29th of July,
1749, aetatis suae twenty-nine. He was fourth son of the most
noble Robert, Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, Marquis and Earl
of Lindsey, &c. &c. Lord Great Chamberlain of England, by his
second wife Albinia, daughter of lieutenant-general Farrington.
Her Grace died July 1/45, aged forty-six, and is interred near
the communion table."

Also a daughter, Lady Louisa, married, in 1736, to Thomas
Blud worth, Esq. gentleman of the horse to his Royal Highness
the Prince of Wales ; also one of the grooms of the bedchamber.

And his Grace departing this life on July 26th, 1723, was
succeeded by his only surviving son by his first Lady,

Peregrine, second Duke of Ancaster, born April 29th,
1686, was, on April 14th, 1702, constituted vice chamberlain to
her Majesty Queen Anne ; and in August following, was created
doctor of laws at Oxford, on a visit the Queen paid that Univer-
sity j he was elected, in 1708, one of the knights for the county
of Lincoln, and in all parliaments whilst he was a commoner. On
November 25th, 1708, he was sworn of the privy-council, pur-
suant to the act for uniting the two kingdoms. On December
1st, 1714, he was appointed Custos Rotulorum a of the county of
Caernarvon, and on March 16th, 1714-15, he was summoned by
writ to the house of peers, and took his seat as Lord Willoughby
of Eresby. On May 9th, 17 19, he was appointed one of the
lords of his Majesty's bedchamber j and succeeding his father, in
1723, he was, on January 3d, following, sworn of the privy-
council j also on February 3d after, appointed Lord Lieutenant
and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Lincoln, and city of Lin-
coln, and county of the same 5 in which posts (on September
30th, 1727) he was continued by his late Majesty. And June
21st, 1734, was appointed lord warden, and justice in Eyre, of
all his Majesty's parks, chases, forests, &c. north of the Trent.

His Grace married Jane, one of the four daughters and co-
heirs of Sir John Brownlow of Belton, in the county of Lincoln,

a Bill Signat 1 Ceo I.

24 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Bart, and by her he had issue three sons, and four daughters, who
lived to maturity, viz.

First, Peregrine, third Duke of Ancaster.

Second, Lord Albemarle, who died May 16th, 1765, un-
married.

Third, Lord Brownlow, the present Duke.

Lady Mary, married in February 21st, 1747-8, to Samuel
Gretehead of Guy's Cliffe, near Warwick, Esq. and died at her
house in Charlotte-street, Bloomsbury, 23d of May, 1774, leaving
issue Bertie Gretehead, Esq. well known in the literary world j
Lady Albinia, wedded in March 1743-4, to John Beckford, Esq.
and. died February 1754 5 Lady Jane, wedded, 1743, to General
Mathews; she died 21st of August 1/93, leaving issue a son and
several daughters ; Lady Carolina, married March 31st, 1743, to
George Dewar, Esq. and died at Brompton, Middlesex, June 13th,
1774. Her Grace departed this life at Grimsthorpe, on Thursday,
August 26th, 173(?; and his Grace, surviving her, died on Ja-
nuary 1st, 1741-2, to whom succeeded his eldest son,

Peregrine, third Duke of Ancaster, who first married,
on May 22d, 1735, Elizabeth, daughter and sole heir to William
Blundell, of Basingstoke, in com. Southamp. Esq. relict of Sir
Charles Gunter Nicholl, Knight of the Bath ; and she dying with-
out issue, in December 1743, he married, secondly, November
27th, 1750, Mary, daughter of Thomas Panton, Esq. b master of
the King's running horses, and by her Grace (who was mistress
of the robes to the Queen, whom she attended in that quality in
her voyage from Stade, and at her nuptials and coronation) he
had a daughter, Lady Mary Catharine, born April 15th, 1754,
and died on April 1st, 1767* Peregrine, Marquis of Lindsey,
who was born May 21st, 1755, and died December 12th, 1758 ;

Robert, late Duke of Ancaster ,• Lord , born September 14th,

1759, but died soon after ; Lady Priscilla Barbara Elizabeth,
born February 15th, 1761, confirmed February 19th, 178O,
Baroness Wllloughhy of Eresly, married February 23d, 1779, to
Peter Burrell, c of Beckenham, in Kent, Esq. now Lord Gwyder,
and Lady Georgina Charlotta, born August 7th, 1704, married,
April 25th, 1791, George Earl of Cholmondely.

His Grace, on February 20th, 17 j1-2, was sworn at St. James's

» He died December 16th, 1782, aged eighty-two, at Newmarket.
« Knighted at St James's, July 6th, 1781, previous to his appointment to
the Deputy Chamberlainship oi England, the 14th of August following.

DUKE OF ANCASTER. 25

one of his Majesty's most honourable privy-council ; and consti-
tuted Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of Lincolnshire.
In November 1745, on the rebellion in Scotland, his Grace raised
a regiment of foot for his Majesty's service; on March 19th,
1755, was constituted major-general of his Majesty's forces; on
February 3d, 1759, promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general,
and on May 25th, 1 772, raised to the rank of general. On the
accession of his present Majesty, October 25th, 17^0, he was con-
tinued a privy counsellor, a lord of the bed-chamber, Lord Lieu-
tenant and Custos Rotulorum of Lincolnshire, and keeper of
Waltham forest in that county; and at his coronation, September
22d, 1761, his Grace, as Lord Great Chamberlain of England,
after the regalia were brought to Westminster-hall by the dean
and prebendaries of Westminster, delivered them to the lords ap-
pointed to carry them, and took his place in the procession. On
December 13th, 1766, his Grace was appointed ma'ter of the
horse to his Majesty, having before executed the same office to
her Majesty. He was also recorder of Boston, in Lincolnshire,
and president of the Lock hospital, near Hyde Park corner, West-
minster.

His Grace departed this life at his seat at Grimsthorpe, on
August 12th, 17/t> i and on the 27th of the same month his re-
mains were deposited in the family vault at Edenham, about a
mile distant from Grimsthorpe, the road between those places being
crowded with spectators ; yet the whole was conducted in a
decent and becoming manner, every way consistent with the so-
lemnity of the occasion. The corpse being carried to the grave
by eight of his Grace's labourers, amidst the tears and most pun-
gent grief of his servants, tenants, and several others, who were
well acquainted with, and had formerly experienced, his great
humanity. In the chancel is this inscription :

'? To the memory of the most noble Prince Peregrine Bertie,
third Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, Marquis and Earl of
Lindsey, Baron Willoughby, Beck, and Eresby ; Lord Great
Chamberlain of England by inheritance, master of the horse to
King George the Third, one of his Majesty's most honourable
privy-council, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the
county of Lincoln, recorder of Boston, and keeper of Waltham
forest in the same county. His Grace first married on the 22d
of May, 1/35, Elizabeth, daughter and sole heiress of William
Blundell, of Basingstoke in the county of Southampton, Esq. re-
lict of Sir Charles Gunter Nichol, Knight of the Bath; who

2(5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

having died without issue in December 1743, he married, No-
vember 27th, 1750, Mary, daughter of Thomas Panton, of New.
market in the county of Cambridge, Esq* by whom he had issue,
first, Lady Mary Catharine, who was born April 14th, 1754, and
died at Bristol April 12th, I7^7j second, Peregrine Thomas,
Marquis and Earl of Lindsey, who was born May 21st, 1755, and
died December 12th., 1758 ; third, Lord Robert, afterwards Mar-
quis and Earl of Lindsey, who was born October 17th, 1756, and
succeeded his father August 12th, 1778 5 fourth, Lord . . . . , who
was born September 14th, 1759, and died the same day ; fifth,
Lady Priscilla Barbara Elizabeth, now Baroness Willoughby of
Eresby, who was born February 14th, 17^1, and married, Feb.
23d, 1779, to Peter Burrell, of Beckingham in the county of
Kent, Esq. now Sir Peter Burrell, Knight, Deputy Great Cham-
berlain of England, by whom she hath issue the Honourable Peter
Robert Burrell, born March 1782 5 sixth, Lady Georgina Char-
lotta, born August 7th, 1764. His Grace having raised a regi-
ment of foot for his Majesty's service during the rebellion in
Scotland in 1745, was promoted to the rank of a general in the
army. This noble Duke ever shewed the most unequivocal and
zealous attachment to the illustrious family now on the throne of
these kingdoms, the most patriotic concern for the preservation
of our happy constitution, and the most attentive regard to the
particular interests of that county over which he presided, and in
which, during the recess of parliament, he lived with hospitable
magnificence and liberality. His Grace's death was occasioned
by a lingering bilious disorder j and having for many days fore-
seen his approaching dissolution, he took leave of his disconsolate
family and afflicted friends, by a most affectionate and solemn
farewell. He quitted this world with philosophic tranquillity,
and resigned his soul to God with the sure and stedfast hope of a
most sincere Christian. He died at Grimsthorpe, August 12th,

1778, in the sixty-fifth year of his age, and was succeeded in
titles and estates by his only surviving son,"

Robert, the fourth Duke, who dying unmarried July 8th,

1779, the title of Baron Willoughby of Eresby, being a barony
in fee, became in abeyance between his two sisters; and was next
year confirmed to his eldest sister ; and the other titles devolved
upon his uncle. At Edenham he has this epitaph :

" To the memory of the most noble Prince, Robert Bertie,
fourth Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, Marquis and Earl of
Lindsey, Baron Willoughby, Beck, and Eresby, Lord Great

DUKE OF ANCASTER. 27

Chamberlain of England by inheritance, one of his Majesty's
most honourable privy-council, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Ro-
tulorum of the county of Lincoln. Quickness and clearness of
apprehension, aided by a memory most happily retentive, guided
by such discernment as ordinary men derive from long repeated
observation, and fired by an ambitious desire of real glory, secured
and facilitated to this excellent young nobleman the acquisition
of every accomplishment, either suited to that exalted station for
which he was born, or conducive to his improvement in that
most honourable profession in which he chose to follow the
splendid example of his renowned ancestors. Indefatigable in
this glorious pursuit, he visited foreign, but chiefly northern
climes j and with a deep-rooted scorn for all the refinements of
enervating luxury, he gloried in the character of a hardy Briton,
and enriched it with the study and observation of the most cele-
brated military establishments. But soon the troubles arisen in
the western hemisphere suggested opportunities of instruction
better suited to the activity of his genius : nor were his loyalty
and patriotism restrained by the anxious apprehensions of the
tenderest parents, or the earnest intreaties of those noble relations,
who saw in him their present boast, delight, and hope, their future
comfort, protection, and glory. He went over as a volunteer to
North America in the twenty-first year of his age, and eagerly
embraced every opportunity of distinguishing himself by the most
spirited and dauntless exertions, in the service of his King and
country, by sea as well as by land. During his second campaign
he received the melancholy tidings of his noble Father's decease.
On his return he surpassed the most sanguine expectations of his
friends, his family, and his country. In his person manly grace-
fulness was united to natural dignity ; his manners were elegant
without affectation, his affability was the genuine fruit of universal
benevolence, and by the eminent goodness of his heart he shone
with peculiar lustre in the several relations of son, brother, and
friend. But it pleased God to give an awful demonstration of the
instability of human bliss, and to snatch away this object of
general admiration, by a malignant fever, of which he died, un-
married, in the twenty-third year of his age, on the 8th of July,
1779 : only eleven months after he succeeded to the hereditary
honours of his family." He was succeeded by his uncle,

Bkownlow, the fifth and present Duke of Ancaster,
who represented the county of Lincoln in several parliaments
whilst a commoner, and is one of the vice presidents of the Lock

28 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

and British lying-in hospitals. He was appointed Lord Lieute-
nant for the county of Lincoln, January 21st, 1786. He first
married, on November 6th, 1762, to Harriot, daughter and sole
heiress of George Morton Pitt, of Twickenham in Middlesex,
Esq, but she died in April 1763, and he married, secondly, at St.
James's church, Westminster, January 2d, 1769, to Mary Anne,
youngest daughter of the late major Layard, and by her, who died
January 13th, 1804, he had a daughter, born 24th July, 1771,
who married on May 26th, 1793, Viscount Milsington, eldest son
of the Earl of Portmore, and died February 10th, 1797.

Titles. Brownlow Bertie, Duke of An'caster and of Kesteven,
Marquis and Earl of Lindsey.

Creations. Earl of Lindsey, in com. Lincoln, by letters patent
dated November 22d, 1626, 2 Car. I. Marquis of Lindsey, De-
cember 21st, 1706,5 Queen Anne; Duke of Ancaster and Kes-
teven, in com. Lincoln, June 29th, 1715, 1 George I.

Arms. Argent, three battering rams, bar-ways, in pale,
proper, armed and garnished, Azure.

Crest. On a wreath, the bust of a King (named Barbican)
coupt at the breast, and full faced, proper, crowned ducally, Or j
being the crest of the Barons Willoughby. Their crest, as Bertie,
is on a wreath a pine tree, proper.

Supporters. On the dexter side, a pilgrim, or fryar, vested in
grey, with his staff and beads, argent ; on the sinister, a savage
wreathed about the temples and middle with ivy, all proper.

Motto. Loyaute m' oblige.
Chief Seat. At Grimsthorpe in the county of Lincoln : formerly
part of the Willoughby estates, and one of the seats of Charles
.Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, in right of his last wife.

DUKE OF PORTLAND. 29

BENTINCK DUKE OF PORTLAND.

Henry Bentinck, Heer Van Diepenham in Overyssel, where
his family had flourished for many ages, had issue three sons j first,
Henry, his heir j second, Joseph, a general officer in the service
of the States General j and third, William, who was created
Earl of Portland : he had also four daughters, Eleanor, married
to the Baron of Nienuren Huishen in Overyssel ; Anne, married
to the Baron of Van Zandenburgh in Utrecht j Sophia, wife to
the Baron of Van Engelenburgh j and Joanna Maria Van Ben-
tinck, who died unmarried, in 1705.

Which William, Earl of Portland, in his youth, was
page of honour to William, Prince of Orange, and from thence
was advanced to the place of gentleman of his bedchamber. In
1670, he waited on him into England, a and his Highness, in a
visit to the University of Oxford, being complimented with the
degree of doctor of the civil laws, December 20th, 1670, Mr.
Bentinck had also the same degree then conferred on him. In
1675, on the Prince of Orange's having the small-pox, which had
been very fatal in his family, Sir William Temple has made this
observation (Memoirs, vol. i. p. 97, 98,) on Mr. Bentinck's care
and assiduity : " I cannot forbear to give Monsieur Bentinck the
character due to him, of the best servant I have known in Princes'
or private families. He tended his master during the whole
course of his disease both night and day 3 and the Prince told me,
lhat whether he slept or no he could not tell ; but in sixteen days
and nights, he never called once that he was not answered by
Monsieur Bentinck as if he had been awake. The first time the
Prince was well enough to have his head opened and combed,
Monsieur Bentinck, as soon as it was done, begged of his master

» Wood's Fasti Oxon, p. 856, 857

30 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

to give him leave to go home, for he was able to hold up no
longer : he did so, and fell immediately sick of the same disease,
and in great extremity ; but recovered just soon enough to attend
the Prince into the field, where he was ever next his person."

In \677> his Highness the Prince of Orange sent him into
England, to solicit Charles II. for his marriage with the Princess
Mary, eldest daughter of James Duke of York, which was hap-
pily brought about.

On the said Duke's accession to the throne, by the name of
James II. February 6th, 1684-5, his Majesty being apprehensive
of the designs of the Duke of Monmouth, then in Holland, he
ordered his envoy Skelton, to get him secured by the States, and
sent prisoner into England. b Whereupon his Highness the
Prince of Orange, not approving of that severe course, he gave
the Duke notice of it, and instructed Mr. Bentinck to go privately
to Brussels to supply him with money ; and to assure his Grace,
if he would make the campaign in Hungary, he should be main-
tained with an equipage suitable to his quality. But when on
King James's solicitation, his Grace was obliged to leave Brussels,
and thereupon had landed in England, his Highness sent Mr.
Bentinck to King James, c to offer him his assistance both of his
troops and person against the rebels; but, through a miscon-
struction put on his message, he was coldly received ; the King
telling him, (t He should acquaint the Prince, that their common
interest required his staying in Holland."

In 1688, when the Prince of Orange had thoughts of an ex-
pedition into England, d he sent Mr. Bentinck, on the Elector of
Brandenburgh's death, with his compliments to Frederick the new
elector | (who, in January 1^01, assumed the title of King of
Prussia) to lay before him the state of affairs, and to know how
much he might depend upon his assistance ; and he was so suc-
cessful in his negotiation, that he carried to his master a full an-
swer to all that was asked of him. He had a great share in that
signal revolution whereon our present settlement is founded -, in
which difficult and important transaction, he shewed all the pru-
dence, dexterity, and sagacity, of a consummate and able states-
man. He was the person e the most entirely trusted by the Prince,

b Hist, of England, p. 428. e Ibid. p. 431.

d Burnet's Hist, of his own time, 8vo. vol. ii. p. 484.
e Burnet, ibid. p. 519. His words are, " the most entirely trusted and
constantly employed by the Prince."

DUKE OF PORTLAND. 31

and employed in the necessary orders for the expedition, which
was managed by him with the greatest secrecy ; and never was
so great a design executed in so short a time, a transport fleet of
five hundred vessels having been hired in three days. His High-
ness embarked in a frigate of thirty guns, and Mr. Bentinck with
him. When King James's army was broken and disbanded, and
that King had dispatched the Earl of Feversham with a message
to the Prince at Windsor, f Mr. Bentinck was ordered by his
Highness to arrest and secure him, for his disbanding the army
without order. Also, by his Highnes3's commands, he wrote that
letter, 8 agreeing to his Majesty's proposal of returning to Ro-
chester, whereby King James went over to France, and abdicated
the realm.

On the accession of King William III. to the throne of these
realms, as he had ever been near his Majesty, heh was made
groom of the stole, first Lord of the bedchamber, and sworn of
his privy council on February 13th, 1 688-9, the day he was pro-
claimed. And two days before the coronation, was created
Baron Cirencester, Viscount Woodstock, and Earl of Portland,
by letters patent, ■ dated April gth, 1689.

M The King's chief personal favour," says Burnet, " lay be-
tween Bentinck and Sidney. The former was made Earl of
Portland, and groom of the stole, and continued for ten years to
be entirely trusted by the King j and served him with great fide-
lity and obsequiousness ; but he could never bring himself to be
acceptable to the English nation. The other was made, first,
Lord Sidney, and then Earl of Romney, and was put in several
great posts. He was made secretary of state, lord lieutenant of
Ireland, and master of the ordnance ; but he was so set on plea-
sure, that he was not able to follow business with a due appli-
cation." k

His Lordship had the command of the Dutch regiment of
horse-guards that came with the King to England, and on his
Majesty's going to Ireland they were embarked at Highlake, and
sailed thence to that kingdom, in June 1690, and performed very
gallantly at the battle of Boyne, July 1st, where the Earl of Port-
land commanded as lieutenant general j l and had a principal share
in obtaining the victory, General Douglas pursuing his advice of

f Hist. Eng. praed. p. 536.
h Ibid. p. $$o. i Bill Signat. 1 William and Mary,

k Burnet, O. T. vol. ii. p. <j. l Hist, of Eng. praed p. 599, 600.

32 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

intermixing the horse and foot, for their security. On August
8th following, his Lordship had the command of those forces m
which attacked the Irish that had intrenched themselves in the
defiles before Limerick, and, routing them, made way for in-
vesting the place j he also attended on his Majesty during that
unsuccessful siege, and was further serviceable in the reduction of
Ireland.

His Majesty, after his return into England, going to Holland,
and forming a glorious congress of princes and ministers at the
Hague, in the beginning of Kxjl," his Lordship went over with
him, and assisted in the conferences at that grand interview. In
1692, King William embarked early in the spring for Holland,
and with him the Earl of Portland j and after concerting measures
for the campaign, was sent by his Majesty to England, for more
forces. He arrived at Whitehall, May 2d, being convoyed, from
the Maese, by five capital men of war and two fire ships, which
afterwards joined the fleet in the Downs. And soon after his
Lordship set out again to wait on his Majesty ; our Gazette re-
citing, that the Earl of Portland returned to the camp on Satur-
day last, having been sent with a detachment of 2000 horse to ob-
serve the enemy, and returned to the King's camp at Genap,
July /th, after interrupting the French detachments marching
towards the Rhine. He was also in his Majesty's camp at Gram-
men, September llth following. In 1 693 he went again over
with his Majesty, who arrived at the Maese, April 2d ; and serv-
ing the campaign that year, shared in the danger his Majesty was
exposed (o in the unfortunate battle of Landen, ° July 29th, where
he escaped three musket shots, one through his peruke, another
through the sleeve of his coat, and a third which left a small con-
tusion on his side. The Earl of Portland, ever attending him,
was likewise wounded ; on which occasion the celebrated John
Tillotson, archbishop of Canterbury, wrote him the following
memorable letter :

My Lord, p August 1st, 1693.

" I cannot forbear on this great occasion to congratulate the
King's safety and merciful preservation, from the many deaths to
which his royal person was so eminently exposed in the late

» Hist, of the royal campaign in Ireland, p. 22, 23.

• Ibid, p 612. • Hist of England, vol. ii. p. 655.

> Birch's Life of Archbishop Tillotson, p 280.

DUKE OF PORTLAND. 33

bloody engagement. I thank God, from my heart, who protected
him in that day of danger, and likewise preserved your Lordship's
life, which had been so lately restored. I hope the wound your
Lordship received is not dangerous, and that it may be healed
without losing the use of your hand. We have got but a very
imperfect account of the issue of the whole action, and what has
happened since, having received no letters of a later date than the
morning after the fight, by reason of contrary winds."

His Lordship likewise attended the King the year following,
and his regiment of horse guards were shipped in the river
Thames, and sailed for Flanders, April 1 4th, l6g4, where he also
made the campaign of that year.

In l6o5 he went on i board with the King at Gravesend, May
12th, and was at the famous siege of Namure, and, on a general
assault ready to be made, he was sent with Count Horn, by the
Elector of Bavaria, to offer honourable terras to Count Guiscard
the governor, if, for sparing the lives of so many brave men on both
sides, he would surrender ; but they were to require an answer in
half an hour. r However, the Earl of Portland, finding the French
trifle, did not think it convenient to stay so long j and that city
surrendered on August 4th, after a month's siege.

On his return to England, in consideration of his great ser-
vices, he had a grant of the lordships of Denbigh, Bromfield, and
Yale, with other lands in the principality of Wales, which being
part of the demesnes thereof, the house of commons, on January
22d, IG95-6, addressed the King to put a stop to the passing that
grant. Whereupon his Majesty, in answer, was pleased to ex-
press himself: s

Gentlemen,
•* 1 have a kindness for my Lord Portland ; which he has de-
served of me by long and faithful services: but 1 should not have
given him these lands, if I had imagined the house of commons
could have been concerned : I will therefore recall the grant, and
find some other way of shewing my favour to him."

And soon after his Majesty conferred on him a grant of the

royal house of Theobalds, with the demesnes thereunto belong-

i

<j Hist, of Eng. p. 687. r ibid, vol.iii. p. 691.

1 Ibid- p. 701.
VOL. II. D

34 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

ing, in com. Hertf. and Middlesex ; and also granted to him the
office of ranger of the great and little parks at Windsor, which
was, after his decease, conferred on the Duchess of Marlborough;

In, that session of parliament his Lordship shewed a noble
spirit and integrity in resisting an offer made to him on the fol-
lowing occasion. In 1'6Q5, there was a report of the house of
commons, that some members of both houses had been bribed in
relation to passing an act for establishing the East India Com-
pany; and it appeared that 50,O0Ol. * were pressed on the Earl
of Portland to use his interest with the King that it might pass,
which he absolutely refused, saying, he would for ever be their
enemy and opposer if they persisted in offering him the money.

His Lordship u had, on February 14th, 1 0*95-6, the first in^
formation, from Sir Thomas Prendergrass, of the intended assas-
sination of King William, and, with much importunity, pre-
vailed on his Majesty not to take the diversion of hunting, as he
designed ; whereby the King escaped the danger of that horrible
conspiracy.

On February 9th, l6g6-7, he was elected a Knight companion
of the most noble order of the Garter, at a chapter held at Ken-
sington, and installed at Windsor on March 25th following.

As he constantly attended King William in all the dangers
and fatigues of his wars, both in Ireland and Flanders, and distin-
guished himself on several occasions, he was made general of the
horse in the King's camp at Promell, June 6th, 1697. And the
same year had the principal management of the peace, which wTas
first agreed between him and the Mareschal Boufflers in the field,
between the two armies, June 30th, O. S. 1697, and in three
other conferences in July following, and which was afterwards
formally concluded at Ryswick, September 11th. Being in Ja-
nuary thereafter sent ambassador extraordinary to France, he
filled that employment with equal honour to the King, the
British nation, and himself, the magnificence and pomp of his
public entry, on February 27th following, outshining what had
been ever beheld in that gaudy court since the Duke of Bucking-
ham's embassy, when he came to demand Mary Henrietta of
France in marriage for Charles the first.

About this time, Burnet mentions that Keppel was received
into favour, and adds : u he was not cold nor dry, as the Earl of

• Lediard'8 Life of King William in Hist, of England, vol. iii- p. 453.
n Hist, of Conspiracy, p. 154, et scq.

p' !

DUKE OF PORTLAND. 35

Portland was thought to be: who seemed to have the art of
creating many enemies to himself and not one friend. The Earl
of Portland observed the progress of this favour with great un-
easiness ; they grew to be not only incompatible, as all rivals for
favour must needs be, but to hate and oppose one another in every
thing, by which the King's affairs suffered much ; the one had
more of the confidence and the other much more of the favour ;
the King had heaped many grants on the Earl of Portland, and
had sent him ambassador to France upon the peace j where he
appeared with great magnificence and at a vast ex pence, and had
many very unusual respects put upon him by that King and all
that court ; but upon his return he could not bear the visible su-
periority in favour, that the other was grown up to. So he took
occasion from a small preference, that was given him in prejudice
of his own post, as groom of the stole, and upon it withdrew from
the court, and laid down all his employments. The King used
all possible means to divert him from this resolution, but without
prevailing on him. He consented to serve the King still in his
affairs, but he would not return to any post in the household.
And not long after he was employed in the new negociation, set
on foot for the succession to the crown of Spain." *

After his return from France, in January 1 698-9, his Lord-
ship was employed by King William in the management of most
foreign affairs, particularly what related to Scotland. X

In 1701, he and Lord Jersey were the principal persons con*-
cerned in negociating the Partition Treaty, for which, in conjunc-
tion with others of the ministry, they were impeached. But " no
articles were afterwards framed against the Earl of Portland,
which was represented to the King as an expression of their re-
spect for him." z He was therefore acquitted. a

He preserved the esteem and affection b of his Majesty to his
death, being the last noble person with that glorious monarch.
His Majesty, breathing with great difficulty, c asked his physician,
" if this could last long ?" To which the doctor replied, " an
hour, or an hour and a half ; though you may be snatched away
in the twinkling of an eye." After that, whilst the doctor was

x Burnet, O T. vol. ii. p. 224.
jr With which nation however, Burnet says, he was very unpopular.

z Burnet, O. T vol. ii p 274 a Ibid. p. 280.

*> The grants of crown land to this nobleman, which were deemed im«
provident, excited much public animadversion at the time.
c Hist, of Eng. ut antea, p. 836, 837.

36 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

feeling his pulse, the King took him by the hand, saying, " I do
not die yet, hold me fast." Having taken a little of the cordial
potion administered unto him, he faintly enquired for the Ear) of
Portland, who immediately came to him, and placed his ear as
near as he could to his Majesty's mouth ; but though his lips
were seen to move, his Lordship was not able to hear any distinct
articulate sound ; and, in a few minutes after, his Majesty, shutting
his eyes, expired with two or three soft gasps, March 8th, 1 701-2.

After which his Lordship went over to Holland, and May
22d, 1707> arrived at the Hague ; and the year after the King of
Prussia coming from Cleves by water to Hounslaerdvk, which
was prepared for his reception, the Earl of Portland, July 19th,
N. S. 17OS, went thither to compliment his Majesty in the name
of the States General. On the close of the same year his Lord-
ship returned to England, and betook himselr to a retired life,
living in a most exemplary way ; and dying at his seat at Bui-
strode, in the county of Bucks, November 23d, 1709, in the
sixty-first year of his age, i was buried in the vault under the great
east window of Henry the Seventh's chapel in Westminster Abbey.

His Lordship married to his first wife Anne, daughter of Sir
Edward Villiers, knight marshal, and sister to Edward, Earl of
Jersey, at that time maid of honour to Mary, Princess of Orange,
and by her had issue three sons, and live daughters, viz.

William, who died in his infancy; Henry, second son, Earl
and Duke of Portland j also another William, who died young in
Holland.

Lady Mary, eldest daughter, first married Algernon, Earl of
Essex, who leaving her a widow, on January 10th, 1709, she was
secondly married in 1714, to the Honourable Conyers D'Arcy,
Esq. afterwards Knight of the Bath, and only brother to Robert
Earl of Holdernesse j she died Au^tist 20th, 172&

Lady Anne Margaretta, second daughter, married Monsieur
Duyvenvorde, one of the principal nobles in Holland. Lady
Frances Williamyna, third daughter, married William, Lord
Byron, and died on March 31st, 1712. Lady Eleanora, fourth
daughter, died unmarried. Lady Isabella, youngest daughter,
married, on August 2d, 1714, Evelyn Pierrepoint, Duke of King-
ston, and died on February 23d, 1727-3.

His Lordship, on May ldth^ 17OO, married, secondly Jane*
sixth daughter of Sir John Temple, of East Sheen, in the county

' Dart's Hist, of St. Peter'si Westminster, vol. ii. p. 55,

DUKE OF PORTLAND. 37

of Surry, Bart, sister to Henry, Lord Viscount Palmerston, and
widow of John, Lord Berkeley of Stratton, and by her (who was,
on April 12th, 1718, appointed governess to the three Princesses,
eldest daughters of his late Majesty, and died on March 2(5th,
1/51) had two sons, and four daughters ; William, one of the
nobles of Holland, where he died October 13th, 17/4; in 1733,
he married Cbarlotra Sophia Hr dwige Eleonora, Countess of Al-
denburgh, only daughter and heir to Anthony Count Alden-
burg, Sec. in Germany ; and Charles 'John. Count Bentinck,
one of the nobles of the province of Over Yssel, who matried in
March, 17'38-g, Lady Margaret, second daughter and coheir of
William, Earl Cadogan, died at Zorgvliet, March 18th, 1779,
aged seventy -one ; Lady Sophia, married on March 24th, 1 728-9,
to his Grace, Henry de Gr^y, Duke of Kent ; who by her had a
daughter Lady Sophia, married to her cousin John Egerton,
Bishop of Durham; Lady Elizabeth married December 18th,
1/20, to Dr. Henry Egerton, Bishop of Hereford, brother to his
Grace, Scroop, Duke of Bridgewater; she died November 8th,
1765, and was buried at Bruton in Somersetshire, and was grand-
mother by him to the present Earl of Bridgewater ; Lady Harriot,
married at the Hague October 15th, 1728, to James Hamilton,
Viscount Linn rick, of the kingdom of Ireland ; Lady Barbara,
who married Francis Godolphiu, Esq. afterwards Lord Godolphin,
and died on April 15th, 1/30.

Henry, second Earl and first Duke of Portland, married
on June 9th, 170-4, the Lady Elizabeth Noel, eldest daughter and
coheir of Wriothesly Baptist, Earl of Gainsborough, r with whom
he had, among other possessions, the moiety of the lordship of
Tichfield in the county of Southampton, as well as of the said
mansion house. § And at this seat the Earl of Portland resided
whilst he was a commoner; and by his affability and hospitality
gained the love and esteem of all about him. He was elected one
of the members for the town of Southampton, in h the parliament
which sat first on business, October 23d, 1/07; and in the suc-
ceeding parliament, which sat November 18th, 1708, was re-
turned one of the knights of the shire for the county of South-
ampton, ' as also for the town of Southampton. On July 2 1st,

f Son of Edward first Earl of Gainsborough, by Ludy Elizabeth eldest
daughter and coheir of Thomas Wriothesley, fourth and last Earl of South-
ampton, and Lord High Treasurer of England

* Formerly the seat of the Wriotheslcys, Earls of Southampton.
* British Pari- Reg'tst. No. 156. ' Ibid. No. 154, J56.

38 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

1710, he was constituted captain and colonel of the first troop of
horse guards, which the Earl of Albemarle resigned to him on a
valuable consideration. He was created k Marquis of Tichfield
in com. Southamp. and Duke of Portland by letters patent,
dated July 6th, 1716, 2 George I. and appointed one of the lords
of the bed chamber. On September 9th, 1721, he was appointed
captain general and governor of the island of Jamaica -, l and ar-
riving at Spanish Town in that island, December 22d, 1722, re-
mained there to the time of his decease, at St. Jago de la Vega,
July 4 th, 1726, in the forty-fifth year of his age. He was gene-
rally beloved, being of a most noble and generous temper, and of
so sweet a disposition, that he made all easy about him. His re-
mains were brought over to England, by his disconsolate widow,
and deposited at Tichfield, where she herself was interred, March
1736-7.

They had issue three sons and seven daughters, whereof two
sons and three daughters survived them, viz. William, late Duke
of Port/and,

And Lord George Bentinck, who was born on December 24th,
17]5, and baptized January 23d following, his Majesty King
George the First standing godfather in person j appointed captain
of a company of the first regiment of foot guards, on April 17th,
1 743 ; being, on June 27th, N. S. that year, in the battle of
Dettinghen ; on March 7th, 1752, appointed one of his Majesty's
aid-de-camps, and to take rank as colonel of foot; constituted
colonel of a regiment of foot in 1754, and died at Bath, without
issue, March 2d, 1759, being then a major general, and member
for Malmsbury in Wilts.

Their three daughters were Lady Anne, who was married to
lieutenant colonel Daniel Paul, who died in January 1748-9, and
her Ladyship dying on July 4th, 1749, was buried by him in
Dublin. Lady Anne Isabella, married on November 8th, 1739,
to Henry Monk, Esq. of the kingdom of Ireland, by whom she
had the Marchioness of Waterford, mother of the present Marquis j
she died 1783. And Lady Emilia Catharine, who was born at
St. Jago de la Vega in Jamaica, April 5th, 1726, married at
Christmas, 1747* to Mr. Jacob Arrant Van Wassenar, of the pro-
vince of Holland (elected into the body of the nobles of that pro-
vince, February 18th, 1755) and died on January 10th, 1756.

k Bill Signat. 2 Geo. I.
'He was much injured in his fortune by the South Sea bubble,

DUKE OF PORTLAND. 39

His eldestson William, second Dure of Portland, born on
March 1st, 1708-y, after three years travels in France and Italy,
returned to England in 1/33. Jn February 1/55, his Grace was
appointed a lord of the bedchamber to his Majesty. His Grace
was married at Mary-le-Bone (commonly called Oxford) chapel*
July mh, 1734, to the Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley, only
daughter and heir of Edward, second Earjypf Oxford, and Earl
Mortimer, by his wife the Lady Henrietta Cavendish, only daughter
and heir of John Holies, Duke of Newcastle, by the daughter and
heiress of Henry Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle. ■ Their Graces
had issue, Lady Elizabeth Cavendish Kentinck, married on May
22d, ]J5g, to Thomas, Viscount Weymouth, afterwards Marquis
of Bath.

Lady Henrietta Cavendish BentSnck, who was one of the sup-
porters of Queen Charlotte's train at her nuptials on September
Sih, 17ut, and on May 28th, 1703, married George Henry, the
present Earl of Stamford.

William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, the present Duke of
Portland.

Lady MargaretCavendish Bentinck, who died on April 23, 17.56.

Lady Frances Cavendish Bentinck, who died an infant, on
February 28th, 17-12-3.

And Lord Edward Charles Cavendish Bentinck, born on
March 3d, 17-44, married December 23d, 1782, at Mary-le-bone,
to Miss Cumberland, eldest daughter of Richard Cumberland,
Esq. by whom he has several children. He was many years
M. P. for Nottinghamshire.

At a chapter of the most noble order of the garter, held at St.
James's, March 20th, 1/40-1, his Grace was first knighted by
his Majesty, and immediately after was invested with the ensigns
of that most noble order, and was installed at Windsor, April 21st,
1741. His Grace was also Fellow of the Royal Society, and
president of the British lying-in hospital for married women, in
Brownlow-street, Long Acre, London; one of the Trustees of the
British Museum ; and departing this life on May 1st, 1 762, was
buried at Tichfield. The Duchess survived till July 7th, 1785.
She inherited the spirit of her ancestors in her patronage of litera-
ture, and the arts.

111 Son of the celebrated and loyal William Cavendish, Duke of New-
castle: whose seat at Welbeck, with his large estates in Nottinghamshire*
Derbyshire, and in the North, Sec have thus descended to the Duke of Port-
land.

40 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, now third Duke of
Portland, was born on April 14th, 1738; and at the general
election in l/6l, was returned one of the members for Weobly
in Herefordshire.

On April 5th, 1783, his Grace was appointed first lord of the
treasury; which he resigned on December 27th, following. On
July llth, 1794* he was constituted principal secretary of state
for the home department, which he held till July 30th, 180J,
when he was nominated president of the council, which he held
till 1805; and in the Spring of 1S07, he was again appointed
first lord of the treasury. His Grace is a Knight of the Garter,
Chancellor of the University of 0*ford, and Lord Lieutenant of
Nottinghamshire.

On November 8th, 1766, his Grace was married to Lady
Dorothy Cavendish, daughter of William, the late Duke of De-
vonshire, and by her, who died June 3d, 1794, he has had issue,

First, William Henry Cavendish, Marquis of Tichfield, born
June 24th, 1768; who has for several years represented the
county of Buckingham in parliament. His Lordship married,
Aug. 4, 1795, Henrietta Scott, daughter of the late general Scott,
by whom he has issue, first, William Henry, born August 21st,
l796; second, Caroline, born July 6th, 1799 J third, William
John, born September 18th, 1800; and two sons, who died
infants.

Second, Lord William Henry Cavendish, born September
14th, 1774, late governor of Madras, and a major general in the
army; who married, February 19th, 1803, Lady Mary Acheson,
second daughter of Arthur, Earl of Gosford, in Ireland.

Third, Lady Charlotte, born October 3d, 1775, married,
March 31st, 1793, Charles Greville, Esq. son of Fulk Greville,
Esq. of Wilbery in Wiltshire, and has issue.

Fourth, Lady Mary, born March 17th, 1778.

Fifth, Lord Charles, a lieutenant colonel in the army, and
captain in the first regiment of foot guards.

Sixth, Lord Frederick, born November 21st, 1781, also a lieu-
tenant colonel in the army, and captain in the first regiment of
foot guards.

Titles. William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, Duke of Port-
land, Marquis of Tichfield, Earl of Portland, Viscount Woodstock,
and Baron of Cirencester.

Creations. Baron of Cirencester, in com. Gloucester, Viscount
Woodstock, in Oxfordshire, and Earl of Portland, in com. Dorset,

DUKE OF PORTLAND. 41

April 9th, 1689, 1 William and Mary ; 'and Marquis of Tich-
field, and Duke of Portland, July 6th, 1716, 2 George I.

Arms. Azure, a cross moline, Argent.

Crest. Out of a Marquis's coronet, proper, two arms, counter
embowed, and vested Gules, gloved, Or, and holding each an
ostrich feather, Argent.

Supporters. Two lions double queveej the dexter, Or, the
other, Sable.

Motto. Craignez honte.

Chief Seats. At Bulstrode in Buckinghamshire, and at Wel-
beck in Nottinghamshire.

J2 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

MONTAGU, DUKE OF MANCHESTER.

Sir Edward Montagu, the immediate ancestor of this family,
was constituted chief justice of the court King Bench, 2Q Henry
VIII. He was the youngest son of Thomas Montagu, Gent, who
died in 1517, and lies buried in the church of Hemington in
Northamptonshire.

This family claim a descent from the powerful and illustrious
house of Montagu, who make a figure in our annals as Barons
from the time of the conquest, and were anciently Earls of Salis-
bury. For this reason a detailed account of that House has been
given in all our late Peerages. But I find myself compelled to
throw the brief notice, which 1 shall take of those extinct peers,
into a note. a

a Collins and others have deduced the above Thomas Montagu from
Simon Montagu, who is stated to have been younger brother to John, third
Earl of Salisbury ; and uncle to Thomas the fourth and last Earl of Salisbury,
of that name, who died November 3d, 1420 This Simon is asserted to have
had issue, by Elizabeth Bough:on, Thomas Montagu, who is said to have left
by Christian Basset John Montagu, whose wife was Alice Holcot, and their
son William marrying Margaret Bouling, was father of Richard Montagu, of
Hemington in Northamptonshire; who, by Agnes Snelling, was father of the
above Thomas, who died in 151 7 Unfortunately there is no proof of the ex-
istence of this Simon ; nor of any of the intermediate generations But the
late Mr. Thorpe, (and it seems Mr. Anstis concurred in this opinion) sus-
pected this family to be descended from James Montagu, a natural son of
Thomas, the last Earl of Salisbury. This James lies buried in the church of
Ludsdowne in Kent, of which place he derived the manor from his father.
See.Thorpe's Custumale Roffense, p 125. The bordure round the arms of the
present family favours this idea. The question is now of little consequence :
a proud family may be content with such a mark once in seven centuries. I

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 43

Thomas Montagu, before mentioned, married Agnes, daughter
of William Dudley, ofClopton in Northamptonshire, Esq. and
had sepulture in the chancel of the church of Hemington, under
a grey marble, with the figures in brass, of a gentleman and his
wife, he in a long gown, she in the habit of the times ; and at
their feet this inscription in a brass tablet :

u Of your charite pray for the soules of Thomas Montagu,
gentilman, and Agnes his wyff. Which Thomas decessed the 5
day of September, theyer of our Lord 1517- On whos soules Jesu
have mercy"

He had two sons, John, who succeeding to the estate, died
without issue j and Sir Edward Montagu, born at Brigstock in
the county of Northampton, who being entered in the Middle

have made these remarks with some reluctance ; but truth has extorted them
from me.

Drogo de Monte-acuto came over with the Conqueror- From him de-
scended William de Montacute, a great Baron in the time of Henry III.
whose son, Simon de Montacute, was a great Baron in the time of Edward I.
and survived till after the 8th of Edward II. His son William, Lord Monta-
cute, died 13 Edward II. leaving William Lord Montacute, who was the
principal person concerned in seizing Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, at Not-
tingham Castle; and was a man of great power and large estates, and in
much favour with Edward III. who created him Eat I of Salisbury, on March
16th, in the nth of his reign He makes a figure in the pages of Froissart ;
and is amply noticed by all our historians, as well as in our records- He
founded the Abbey of Bisham in Berkshire, and died 17 Edward III. His
Countess was Catherine, daughter of Wdiiam de Grandison, the Lady, whose
attractions, as it is pretended, gave rise to the Order of the Garter*

William, second Earl of Salisbury, commanded at the battle of Poytiers,
and filled many high offices. He died June 3d, 1397, .20 Richard II; and
was succeeded by his nephew John, (son of his brother Sir John de Monta-
cute, Lord Montacute )

John, third Earl of Salisbury, (whose mother was Margaret, daughter and
heir of Thomas de Monthermcr) succeeded his father as a Baron before he
came to the Earldom, and fell a sacrifice to his plot for restoring Richard 1 1.
His death happened 1 Henry IV. He was the chief of the sect of Lollards.
He left by Maud, daughter of Sir Adam Francis of London,

Thomas, fourth Earl of Salisbury, who was killed at the siege of Orleans, 3d
November, 7 Henry VI. leaving by Aleanore, sister and coheir of Edmund
Holland Earl of Kent, one sole daughter and heir Alice, wife of Richard
Nevile, (a younger son of Ralph Earl of Westmoreland; who thence became
Earl of Salisbury, and was father of the famous Earl of Salisbury and War-
wick, the King Maker.

Earl Thomas had also a natural son, James Montagu, of Ludsdowne in
Kent, before mentioned.

44 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Temple, became such a proficient in the study of the laws, that
in %6 Henry VIII. he was chosen Autumn reader of that society,
to which none bat persons of great learning were then elected.
He was b also of such authority and account, credit and counte-
nance, in the house of commons, of which he was speaker, that,
a bill for subsidies not passing, he was sent for to his Majesty, who
said to him, " Ho ! Will they not let my bill pass ?" And laying
his hand on the head of Montague (kneeling before him) said,
<( Get my bill to pass by such a time tomorrow, or else by such a
time this head of yours shall be off." Sir Edward, considering
the danger wherein he stood, in regard of the displeasure of such
an impetuous Prince, wrought so effectually, that, before the time
prescribed, the bill passed with the approbation of the house, and
to his Sovereign's satisfaction. In 23d Henry VIII. he was called
to the degree of serjeant at law, and with others then elected, kept
such a magnificent feast at Ely House, in London, forfive days, that
it wanted Httle of a feast at a coronation, the King and Queen,
and the whole court, honouring them with their company. In
29 Henry VIII. he was constituted the King's serjeant at law,
and had the honour of knighthood conferred on him the year fol-
lowing, and was advanced to the office of lord chief justice of the
King's Bench.

In 31 Henry VII I. he had a grant of divers lands in He-
myngton, in com. Northamp. late belonging to Ramsay abbey,
and the year following had grants of the manors of Barnwel and
Warketon, alias Warton, in the same county.

In 1545, he resigned his office of lord chief justice of the
King's Bench, and on November 6th, was constituted lord chief
justice of the Common Pleas 5 a transition which Fuller calls a
" descent in honour, but an ascent in profit." He was also of
the privy-council, and in such high favour and esteem with his
Sovereign, Henry VIII. that he appointed him one of those
sixteen executors of his last will and testament, who should
also be regents of the kingdom, and governors to Edward VI.
his son.

The said King Edward appointed his well-beloved counsellor
Sir Edward Montagu, Knight, chief justice of the Common Pleas,
with others, commissioners for the receiving and allowance of all
claims of his subjects, to do service at his coronation, which was
solemnized on February 20th, 1547. In 4 Edward VI. he ob-

u MS huj Famil nuper penes praenob. Johann. Due. Montagu.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 45

tained a special license to give liveries and badges to forty per-
sons, over and above his own meoial servants.

Sir John Hayward, in his life of Edward VI. reports, that the
Duke ot Northumberland, in contriving the settlement of the
crown upon the Lady Jane, used only the advice of the lord chief
justice Montagu, and secretary Cecil, who furnished the patents
with divers reasons of law, and some of po'icy in state. But how
far he acted in that affair (which occasioned his imprisonment in
the Tower of London, and removal from his office of lord chief
justice, in the reign of Quern Mary) may be seen from the repre-
sentation of his case, drawn by himself after his release from the
Tower, and printed in Fuller's church history : which author, in
his Worthies of England, informs us, " that being outed of his
judge's office in the fir-4 of Queen Mary, he returned into North-
amptonshire} and what contentment he couid not find in West-
minster Hall, his hospitable hall at Boughton afforded unto him."
His last will c and testament (dated 17th Julij, 1556) manifests
his great piey, probity, and charity. " H* bequeaths his soul to
the Blessed Trinity, and his bo ly to be buried in Christian burial,
without great pomp or great solemnity, or common dole distri-
buted ; but that alns be sent to the poor people, to their own
homes, in the towns next adjoining, if so be he deceased in the
country; but if in London, then such dole to be distributed as
his executors think convenient. He bequeaths legacies for the
reparations of the churches of Hemyngton, Wekely, Brigstock,
Scaldwell, and Werkton ; and to fifty poor maidens 40s. each,
towards their advancement in marriage, and to the intent, they
pray for his soul, and the souls of Roger Iladclirr", Jeffery Badcliff,
and John Asheton, with all christian souls. He wills to his eldest
son and heir, Edward Montagu, his gieat ring with a signwynarye
in it, which his father gave him, that remaineth in his study at
Brigstock j and his ring of gold with his seal of arms in it; as
also his ring with the best pointed diamond, and his broche with
a blue sa phi re set in it, fashioned like a flower-de-luce; which
ring, with the diamond and broche, he bought of his father Kirk-
ham. He further wills to him, his manors, lands and tenements
in Werketon, Brigstock, Houghton, Langerort, Mail- isJe.y Hol-
well, Gillesborough, Brington-magna. Bnngton-parva, Grafton,
and the parsonage of Wekely, in com. Northam. and all and
singular his manors and lands in Wekely, Denford, Benyneld,

e Ex Regist. Wrastley, in Cur. Prerog. Cant.

46 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Sprotton, Luffick, and Eltington, in the said county. And in
Collworth, Shirenbroke, Souldrop, Felmersham, Luton Hoo, Per-
tenhall, Mechelborne, Swineshed, and Woodend, in com. Bedf.
And in Knighton, in com. Leicest. ; Folkesworth, Stilton, Little
Styvecley, Much Styvecley, and Alconbery, in com. Hunt. And
all his leases, lands, tenements, &c. in the parish of St. Dunstan's
in the West, London. He constitutes executors, hks sons Edward
and Roger Montagu, and moreover wills, that they sell as much
of his plate, china, rings,, and jewels, as they think convenient;
and that Edward, his eldest son, shall have the remainder, and
all his timber and stone, as well free- stone as rough- stone, lying
at Houghton, Wekeley, Brigstock, and Heavy nton, or elsewhere.
And if the said Edward died before he was married, to be equally
divided between his sons R.oger, Thomas, and William. He
settles all his lands in tail-male on his sons, Edward, Roger,
Thomas, William, and Simon, and the remainder to the heirs of
his father Thomas Montagu. He bequeaths to his cousin Sir
Edward Sanders, Knight, one of the justices of the Common
Pleas, his book of abridgments, and Mr. Englefield's abridgment,
in the keeping of Mr. Cordell, the Queen's Highness' solicitor, as
his letters shew. Which Sir Edward he makes supervisor of his
will, praying him to be an assured friend to his son Edward, and
the rest of his children, having handsomely provided for them in
his said will."

This worthy judge, whose motto was, " iEquitas justitise
norma," departed this life on February 10th, 155(3-7, and was
buried at Hemington, d on March 5th following, and hath these
following verses engraven on his tomb, much to his honour and
commendation.

Montacute, pater legum, jurisq j peritus,
O Edvarde, Vale, quern disciplina severa
Furit, et improbitas hominum scelerata tremebat.
Moribus antiquis vixisti, pacis amator,
Virtutis rigidus custos, vitijq; flagellum.
O venerande Scnex, te luxuriosa juventus,
Criminis ultorem metuens, in funere gaudet,
'Patria sed moeret, Sancto Spoliata Catone;
Qui vixit Justi summus defensor et aequi.
Hunc te praeterens, Lector, defende precando.

d Strype's Memorials, vol. iii. p 314.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 47

He married three wives ; e first, Elizabeth, daughter of Wil-
liam Lane, of Orlingbury, in com. Northamp. Esq. by whom he
had issue three sons, Ralph, Thomas, and Robert, who all died
young 5 and three daughters, f Dowse, wedded to Sir Edward
Watson of Rockingham, ancestor to the late Marquis of Rocking-
ham ; Anne, to John Rouse, of Rouse Lenche, in com. Wigorn,
Esq.; and Amy, to George Lynne, s of Southwick, in com.
Northam. Esq. His second wife was daughter of George Kirk-
ham, of Warmington, in com. Northamp. Esq. but by her he had
no issue. His third Lady was Hellen, daughter of John Roper,
of Eltham in Kent, attorney general to Henry VIII. and by her
(who survived him, and h died in May, 15()3) had issue five sons
and six daughters j Edward ; Roger of Biigstocly, in com. North.

who died without issue, by Alice his wife, daughter of

Smith 5 Simon, who married Christian, daughter of

Wastlin, and had issue a daughter, Margaret, ' wife of Sir Stephen
Board, of Hill in Sussex; Thomas, of Stivecley, in com Hunt. ;
William, who died unmarried, on September 28th, lOig, aged
seventy-three, and was buried at Little Oakley, in com. North,
leaving his manor of Little Oakley to his nephew Sir Edward
Montagu, afterwards Lord Montagu of Boughton.

The chief justice's daughters by his said third Lady, were,
first, Elizabeth, wife of Richard Cave, of Little Oakley, North-
amptonshire, Esq. son and heir of Sir Thomas Cave, of Stanford,
in com. Northamp. and secondly, to William Markham, Esq. -,
second, Eleanor, wife of George Tirrel, of Thornton in Bucks,
Esq. ; third, Isabel, wedded to Bryan Lascelles, of Gritford in
com. Nott. Esq. ; fourth, Mary, married to William Watts, of
Blakesly in com. Northam. Esq. j fifth, Margaret, married to
Robert Wood, of Colwick in com. Nott. Esq. ; sixth, Agnes, wife
of John Lane, of Walgrave, in com. Northamp. Esq.

Edward Montagu, eldest son and heir of the loid chief justice
Montagu, was twenty-four years of age at the death of his father,
andk was elected one of the knights for Northamptonshire, in the
first parliament called by Queen Elizabeth, 1558-9; of which
county he1 was sheriff in 12 Elizabeth, having received the

« Ex Stemmate. * Ex Regist. Wraslley, ut antea.

8 Qu. Lyne? a Northamptonshire family.

h Ex Regist. Chayre. qu 21. * MS. St George predict

* Ex Collect. B. Willis, Arm.

1 Fuller's Worthies, in com Northamp.

48 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

honour of knighthood in 1567. His piety, justice, and other rare
virtues, were much talked of, and for years remembered in his
country. A learned divine, who preached at his funeral, assures
us, that he was a strict observer, not only of general, but also of
special duties : a loving husband, tender father, kind master and
landlord, charitable to the poor, an hospitable house-keeper, a
friend to the oppressed, and so pious a Christian, both in profes-
sion and practice, that he rarely missed being at divine service
both morning and evening ; and was, in fine, a wise and good
man, a good magistrate, and a good commonwealth's-man, devot-
ing himself so entirely to the service of his country, that neither
his health, or any thing else, came in competition with it. On
January 10th, 1 601-2, being the Sabbath-day, he perceived a
weakness of nature in himself ; yet such was his love to his
country, and care of his Prince's service, as that finding his
strength a little recovered, on the 13th of the same month, he
went to Kettering for the subsidy business, where, through weak-
ness of body, he found himself not well able to perform his wonted
duty ; all which warnings it appears he laid to heart; for from
that time, though he shewed no fear of death, yet in his private
course, he addressed himself wholly to die, setting all things in
order against his end ; and departed this life at Boughton, on
January 26th, 1(301-2, most christianly, easily, and happily; and
after his breath expired, appeared yet to live, for neither counte-
nance nor colour had shew of death.

His last will m and testament bears date, September gth, 1001,
wherein " he first bequeaths his soul to God, trusting by the
merits of his son Christ to be saved, and enjoy life everlasting
with God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost, in
which blessed Trinity he did most constantly believe 1 and by his
gracious goodness he had lived to the age, within ten days, of
sixty and eleven years, for which he gave most humble thanks
for all mercies shewed to him, a miserable sinner, for the same
long life." " And forasmuch as he had settled all his manors,
lands, &c. and that all his sons, being six, were of full age, only
reserving to himself his manor of Colworth, he entails it on
Edward, his eldest son, and his heirs male ; in default, on each of
his sons, and their heirs male."

He took to wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Harrington
of Exton, in com. Rutland, Knight, (who died on May 19th.,

m Ex Rcgist. vocat Montagu, qu. 1. in Cur. Prerog. Cant.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 49

l6l 8) by whom he left issue six sons and three daughters, besides
two sons, Thomas and Henry, who died young. His surviving
sons were,

First, Edward, ancestor of the late Duke of Montagu.

Second, Sir Walter Montagu, of Houghton, in com. North*
who married Anne, daughter and sole heir of Henry Morgan of
Yston, cousin and heir of Sir William Morgan, of Pencoid, in
com. Monmouth, Knight, but died without issue, on May 22d,
1615.

Third, Sir Henry Montagu, Earl of Manchester, who was
ancestor to his Grace the Duke of Manchester, and the late Earl
of Halifax, of whom more fully.

Fourth, Sir Charles Montagu, who was an officer in the army,
and owner of Cranbrook in Essex ; and dying on September 1 1th,
1625, aged sixty-one, was buried on the south side of the chancel,
in the parish church of Barking, in the county of Essex, where a
neat monument is erected to his memory. He married, first,
Lettice, daughter of Henry Clifford, of Keystan, in com. Hunt.
Esq. but by her n (who was, first, relict of Thomas Malby of
London, Gent, and secondly, of John Rotheram of Seymours in
Berkshire) had no issue ; and secondly, Mary, daughter of Sir
William Whitmore of London, Knight, she died 3d of the Nones
of July, 1652, aged seventy-seven, (and is buried under a blue
marble grave-stone near the altar of the church of St. Mary-le-
bone in Middlesex, on which the arms are yet legible, but the
inscription being defaced, may be seen in Le Neve's Monumenta
Anglicans, vol. ii. p. 14,) by whom he had three daughters, his
coheirs; Elizabeth, married, May 8th, 1630, ° to Christopher,
Lord Hatton, and died in Guernsey, December 29th, 1672;
Anne, married, April 24th, lfJ32, p to Dudley, Lord North, and
died 1680, aged sixty-seven, ancestor to the present Earl of Guil-
ford ; Mary, wedded to Sir Edward Byshe, of Stansted in Essex.

Fifth, James Montagu, was educated in Christ's College, in
the university of Cambridge, and became master of Sidney Col-
lege, where (as Anthony Wood observes) 1 he was noted for his
piety, virtue, and learning. When the university went to meet
James I. on his coming from Scotland, his Majesty first took
notice of him at Hinchinbroke (the seat of the loyal Sir Oliver

* M. S. St. George prsed.
0 Lysons's Env.ii. p. 489 P Ibid.

q Athcn* Oxon. vol i p. 619-
VOL. II. £

50 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Cromwell, uncle to the Usurper) and was so pleased with his
conversation as a scholar, and his behaviour as a gentleman,, that
he first made r him dean of the royal chapel, and afterwards dean
of Worcester, A. D. 1604. On April 17th, 1608, he was $ con-
secrated bishop of Bath and Wells, and eight years after tran-
slated to the opulent bishoprick of Winchester. Also for his
faithfulness, dexterity, and prudence, King James chose him to
be one of his privy-council ; and, that he might be near him, con-
tinued him dean of his chapel, not only when he was bishop of
Bath and Wells, but of Winchester likewise 5 during which time
he translated his Majesty's works into Latin. He was a nursing
father to Sidney College,, and to the University of Cambridge in
general no small benefactor, in bringing running water, at a great
expence, into King's Ditch, which being at first made for its de-
fence, was become nauseous to it. He disbursed * vast sums in
repairing the cathedral of Bath, and by his last will and testa-
ment, desired to be buried there. He died onu July 20th, 1018,
aged fifty, and was interred on August 20th following, on the
north side of the church j and over the grave is an altar-monu-
ment erected between two pillars of the same church, with his
effigies in full proportion, painted to the life, lying thereon.

", Being," says Wood, " a great stickler in the quarrels at
Cambridge, and a great master in the art of insinuation, he had
cunningly (as onex observes) fashioned King James's education
unto certain Calvinian opinions ; to which the King's education
in the kirk of Scotland had before inclined him. So that it was
no very hard matter for him (having an archbishop also of his
own persuasion) to make use of the King's authority for recom-
mending the nine articles to the church of Ireland, which he
found would not be admitted in the church of England." y

Sixth, Sir Sidney Montagu, master of requests to King James I.
and ancestor to the present Earl of Sandwich.

The daughters were, Lucy, married to Sir William Wray of

' Athenae Oxon, vol i. p. 723. • Lcnevc's Easti Eccl. p. 34.

t Fuller, in com Somers. pig- u Wood, prasd.,

x P.Heylin in his " Observations on the History of the reign of King
Charles, I656, 8vo "

y Wood, vol i. p. 723. It does not appear that Dr Richard Montague,
the celebrated high-church bishop was of this family. He was son of Lau-
rence Montague, minister of Dorney in Bucks ; appointed bishop of Chi.
Chester, 1638, and of Norwich 1688, and died 1641. See Carte's Hist- Eng-
vol. fv. p- 136—139, 140, 201. And Biog Diet- vol xi. p 30

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 51

Glentworth, com. Line. Knight, Susanna, to Sir Richard Sondes
of Throwley, com. Lane. Knight, and Theodosia, to Sir Henry
Capel of Rayne in Essex, Knight.

I now return to Sir Henry Montagu, (who was created Earl
ov Manchester) third surviving son or Sir Edward Montagu,
eldest son of the lord chief justice Montagu, before treated of.

Which Sir Henry Montagu had in his tender years such
vivacity and pregnant parts, that v one, beholding him at school,
foretold, " that he would raise himself above the rest of his
family :" which accordingly came to pass. He had a liber ll edu-
cation in Christ College, in Cambridge ; and being afterwards
placed in the Middle Temple, London, for the study of the laws,
was such a proficient, that he soon acquired a great reputation,
and had the honour2 of knighthood conferred on him at White-
hall, before the coronation of James I, being a also the same year
elected recorder of the city of London.

He was a member in l(i()l, for Higham Ferrers. b In that
parliament, Serjeant Hele, having in the debates, on a motion
in the house of commons for a supply, said, " he marvelled much
that the house would stand on granting of a subsidy, or the time
of payment, when all we have is her Majesty's j and she may
lawfully, at her pleasure, take it from us ; yea, she hath as much
right to all our lands and goods, as to any revenue to her
crown," quoting precedents to prove it : and the speaker calling
to order, (the house having hummed and laughed at the Serjeant's
speech,) this Mr. Montagu stood up, and said, u there were no
such precedents ; and if all the preambles to the subsidies were
looked upon, it would be found, that it was of free gift 5 and
although her Majesty required this at our hands, yet it is in us to
give, and not of her to exact duty."

In the parliament called by King James on his accession to
the crown, holden at Westminster, on March 19th, l604,c he
was one of the members for the city of London. In that session,41
he was the first named in a committee, to continue, repeal, and
review the statutes of. the kingdom j was also one of the twenty-
four, specially appointed to manage a conference with the lords,

y Fuller's Worthies, in com. Northamp. p. 289.

z Pliilpot's Cat of Knights, p. 14

a Strype's Survey of Lond Book v p 161-

•> Dewes's Journal of the House of Commons-

c Journ Dom Com. 1 Jac. I. * Ibid.

31 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

concerning the taking away the court of wards; and, with his
brother Sir Edward Montagu, Knight of the Bath (after Lord
Montagu) was at the head of all debates and committees on
affairs of moment, as the journals of the house shew. In the
fourth year of James I. he c was chosen Autumn reader of the ho-
nourable society of the Middle Temple, and four years after was f
called to the state and degree of serjeant at law j also on February
1 1th ensuing, s constituted the King's serjeant. In these stations,
his eminent abilities and great knowledge in the laws so far re-
commended him, that on" November 18th, ]6l6, he was ad-
vanced to be lord chief justice of the King's Bench, wherein he
so well demeaned himself, that King James delivered him • the
staff of lord treasurer of England at Newmarket, December 3d,
1620, the eighteenth year of his reign (but his patent k bears date
the 14th of the same month) and on the 19th raised1 him to the
dignity of a Baron of this realm, by the title of Lord Montagu of
Kimbolton, in com. Hunting, and Viscount Mandevil ; those
titles being chose by him, as he was in possession of the castle and
lordship of Kimbolton, which many ages since belonged to the
family of Mandevil. And by that title, with Sir Lewis Mansel,
Knight, and Bart, and William Came, had granted m him the
offices of chamberlain and chancellor of South Walts for life, and
to the survivors. He continued in the office of lord treasurer not
quite a year: for Sir Lionel Cranfield having married the
Countess of Buckingham's niece, was, by the favour of George
Villiers, then Marquis of Buckingham, first created a Baron on
July 9th, in the 19th of King James, and on October 13th fol-
lowing, succeeded the Lord Viscount Mandevil as lord treasurer ;
but the King finding (as Wilson," in the life of King James ob-
serves) the Lord Mandevil intelligent in all the great affairs of
state, made him lord president of the council.

On the accession of King Charles I. March 27th, 1625,° his
Lordship was continued lord president, and p created Earl of
Manchester in com. Pal. Lane, on February 5th, in the first year
of his reign. The preamble to the patent recites, " that he was

e Dugdale's Orig. Jurid p. 219. a. t Ibid p. io«. in Chron. series.

• Pat 18 Jac pars 19. * Pat 14 Jac p 2

i Camden's Annals, in Hist, of Engl vol ii p 655.

k Pat. 18 Jac p. 6. 1 Ibid.

m Rymer, vol xix p. 766. 767.

■ Wilson's Life of King James, in Hist of Engl, vol ii. p 727.

0 Heylin's Help to Hist, p 390- P Pat. 1 Car. I. p. 7. n. 24

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 53

descended from the antient and illustrious family of Montacute ;
and that for the space of four years, in the office of chief justice,
and afterwards in the execution of the post of lord treasurer, he
had behaved with extraordinary fidelity, gravity, and industry j
likewise with no less prudence, diligence, and sweetness of dis-
position, had served both the King and his father, as president of
their council : therefore his Majesty thought he could do no less
than accumulate some honour on a person who had deserved so
well both of himself, and the commonwealth."

In 1627, <i his Lordship was made lord privy-seal j in which
office he continued till his death. He was a great speaker in the
house of peers, and employed by his Majesty in the delivery r of
several of his messages to them ; yet, in those times of trial, pre-
served his interest and reputation amongst all good men. He
was appointed, on February 28th, 162(5-7, one of the commis-
sioners to treat with the Dutch deputies, s of an alliance between
his Majesty and the States General of the United Provinces. In
1640, he l was one of the regents commissioned to provide for
the peace and safety of his Majesty's kingdom and people, by all
good ways and means, during his Majesty's absence in Scotland,
and to hear and order all complaints, &c. And his concern for
the peace and welfare of his country, appears as well from other
authorities, as from being one of the four ■ lords chosen by the
house of peers, in the second of Charles I. to present their peti-
tion to his Majesty j " wherein they humbly offered their loyal
and faithful advice, to continue the parliament, by which those
great and apparent dangers at home and abroad, signified to them
by his Majesty's command, might be prevented, and his Majesty
made happy in the duty and love of his people, which they held
the greatest safety and treasury of a King." Yet this did not pre-
vent the dissolution of the parliament, their counsels seeming not
grateful to the Duke of Buckingham, x who therefore prevailed
with the King to put an end to it, before he could well deter-
mine, and judge, what their tempers were likely to prove.

" The lord privy-seal," says Clarendon, " was of a noble ex-
traction, and of a family at that time very fortunate. His grand-

1 Pat 4 Car. p. 19.
r Hist, of England, vol. iii p. 21, 22, et seq Saundersori's Life of King
Charles I. p 408, &c.

s Rymer's Foedera, torn xviii. p 975

* Rushworth's Collections, vol. iii p 1256

u Annals of King Charles, p. 199. * Hist, of Reb vol. i. p. 26.

54 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

father had been lord chief justice, and left by King Henry VIII,
one of the executors of his last will. He was the younger son of
his father, and brought up in the study of the law in the Middle
Temple ; and had passed, and as it were, made a progress through
all the eminent degrees of the law, and in the state. At the
death of Queen Elizabeth, or thereabouts, he was recorder of
London; then the King's servant at law; afterwards chief jus-
tice of the King's Bench. Before the death of King James, by
the favour of the Duke of Buckingham, he was raised to the place
of lord high treasurer of England: and within less than a year
afterwards, by the withdrawing of that favour, he was reduced to
the almost empty title of president of the council ; and to allay
the sense of the dishonour created Viscount Mandeville.y He
bore the diminution very well, as he was a wise man, and of an
excellent temper, and quickly recovered so much grace that he
was made Eurl of Manchester, and lord privy seal, and enjoyed
that office to his death ; whilst he saw many removes and degra-
dations in all the other offices of which he had been possessed.

" He was a man of great industry and sagacity in business,
which he delighted in exceedingly, and preserved so great a
vigour of mind, even to his death (when he was very near eighty
years of age) that some who had known him in his younger years,
did believe him to have much quicker parts in his age than before.
His honours had grown faster upon him than his fortunes ; which
made him too solicitous to advance the latter by all the ways
which offered themselves;1 whereby he exposed himself to some
inconvenience, and many reproaches; and became less capable
of serving the public by his counsels and authority, which his
known wisdom, long experience, and confessed gravity, and
ability, would have enabled him to have done ; most men con-
sidering more the person that speaks than the things he says.
And he was unhappily too much used as a check upon the Lord
Coventry ; and when that Lord perplexed their councils, and de-
signs, with inconvenient objections in law, the authority of the
Lord Manchester, who had trod the same paths, was still called
upon ; and he did too frequently gratify their unjustifiable designs
and pretences ; a guilt and mischief, all men who are obnoxious,
or who are thought to be so, are liable to, and can hardly preserve
themselves from. But his virtues so far weighed down his infir-

i Collins says, Lord C. is mistaken in the time of this creation.
* Collins observes, that no instance of this appeared.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 55

mities, that he maintained a good general reputation and credit
with the whole nation and people j he being always looked upon
as full of integrity, and zeal to the Protestant religion, as it was
established by law, and of unquestionable loyalty, duty, and fide-
lity to the King j which two qualifications will ever gather po-
pular breath enough to fill the sails if the vessel be properly pro-
vided with ballast." He died in a lucky time, November 7th,
1642, when neither religion, loyalty, law, nor wisdom could have
provided for any man's security ; and had sepulture at Kimbolton,
where a noble monument is erected to his memory. a

He married three wives j first, Catharine, daughter to Sir
William Spencer of Yarnton, in com. Oxon, third son of Sir John
Spencer of Althorp, in com. Northamp. (ancestor to the present
Duke of Marlborough) she died December 7th, 1612, and is
buried at St. Botolph, Aldersgate, London, by whom he had issue
four sons, of whom Edward, the eldest, was successor.

Walter Montagu, -second son, after being carefully edu-
cated in Sidney College in Cambridge, travelled into Fiance and
Italy, where he imbibed such notions of the Romish religion, as
induced him to quit his native country, and retire into a monas-
tery in France j at which time he wrote a letter, justifying the
change of his religion, b and was answered by Lucius, Lord Vis-
count Falkland, A. D. 1 635. Beiug of a noble family, he was
soon taken notice of by Mary de Medicis, the c Queen mother of
France, who received him into her especial favour, making him
first Abbot of Nantveil, of the Benedictine order, in the diocese
of Metz, and afterwards abbot of St. Martin's Abbey, near Pon-
toise, in the diocese of Rhoan. He was also one of her cabinet
council, and the chief instrument of bringing the famous Cardinal
Mazarine into her favour, who, when fixed, shewed himself, in
many respects, ungrateful to him and his friends. Mr. Wood, a
in his Athenae Oxon. observed of them, that u Mazarine made it
one of his chief endeavours to raise a family, and to do such
things as might perpetuate his name j but Montagu, who was of a
most generous and noble spirit, acted to the contrary, by spending
all that he could obtain for public and pious uses." He was in
England in 1639, e and employed by the Queen with Sir Kenelm

» He was author of a book, entitled " Meditations on Life and Death"
See Park's R. and N. A.

* Wood's Athenae Oxon- vol i. fol. 502.

c Ibid. vol. ii in Fasti, fol. S37. * Wood, ut antea.

c Whhiock's Memorials, p. 31.

56 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. .

Digby, to prevail with the papists for a liberal contribution to the
King, for raising forces to repel the Scots. In 1643, he f was ap-
prehended at Rochester, coming to London with letters of conse-
quence;, and though the French ambassador demanded his en-
largement, as one employed by the King of France, it was denied
him, and he remained under confinement till 164?. But after
two years, on a report from the council, that he was a dangerous
person, the parliament, then in being, * voted that " he should
depart the nation within ten days, and not return without leave of
the house, on pain of death, and confiscation of his estate." On
his return to France, Henrietta Maria, the Queen Dowager of
England, made him her lord almoner, confiding in him, and the
Lord Jermyn (afterwards Earl of St. Alban's) more than in any
other of her servants ; so that when she designed to pervert the
Duke of Gloucester in his religion, and to that end had displaced
his tutor, h she committed ihe Duke to the care of Mr. Montagu,
her almoner, who having the pleasant abbey of Pontoise, enter-
tained his Highness there, till Charles II. sent the Marquis of
Qrmondfor him. In 1659, he' was sent with the Lord Jermyn
to the King in Flanders, to acquaint his Majesty, that on a peace
between the Kings of Sweden and Denmark, France would declare
avowedly for him 5 and returning to Paris, continued in favour
with the Queen-Mother of England till her death, which happened
on August 10th, l669;k ana* he himself departing this life in
1670, was buried in the church belonging to the hospital of in-
curables at Paris.

James Montagu, third son, was seated at Lackham in Wilt-
shire, by marriage with Mary, daughter of Sir Robert Baynard, of
the same place; by whom he had issue seven sons, as also a
daughter, Mary, married to Thomas Ewer of Bushy Hall, in com.
Hertf. Esq.; and departing this life in February, 1665, aged
sixty-three, l was succeeded by James Montagu, Esq. his son and
heir, from whom the Montagues of Wiltshire descend.

Henry Montagu, fourth son, was master of St. Catharine's
hospital, near the Tower, and died without issue.

Elizabeth, eldest daughter, was married, August 25th, l627,m
to Sir Lewis Mansel of Margam, in com. Glamorgan, Knight and
Baronet j and secondly, to Sir Edward Sebright, of Besford, in

' Whitlock's Memorials, p. 71, 264. * Whitlock, p. 407.

»> Clarendon's Hist, of Rebel- vol. vi. p 546.

1 Ibid. p. 690. k Ather.ae Oxon. fol. 837.

1 Ex Stemmate- re Lysons's Env. vol iv. p. 46.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 5J

Worcestershire, Knight and Baronet ; Lucy, second daughter,
was married to Hugh Hare (Lord Colerain) of Longford, in the
county of Wilts, and was buried, 1681, at Tottenham in com.
Midd. where is a monument to her memory." Theodosia, third
daughter, died unmarried.

The said Henry, first Earl of Manchester, had to his second
wife Anne, daughter and heir to William Wincot, of Langham,
in the county of Suffolk, Esq. widow of Sir Leonard Haliday,
Knight, Lord Mayor of London, 4 James I. but by her had no
issue.

To his third wife he married, April 26th, 1 620, Margaret,
daughter of John Crouch, of Corn bury, in com. Hertf. Esq. and
widow of John Hare, Esq. of Totteridge, by whom he had issue,

First, George, ancestor to the late Earls of Halifax.

Second, Mary, who died an infant, and was buried at Tot-
teridge, March 6th, 1624°

Third, Susannah, born at Totteridge, March 1624, and mar-
ried there, December 14th, 1637, George Brydges, sixth Lord
Chandos. p

Fourth, Sidney, born 1627, and died an infant. 1

Their mother was buried at Totteridge, December 29th,
J 653. r

Her eldest son George, before mentioned, was seated at Horton
in Northamptonshire. At twenty years old, he was elected
M. P. for Huntingdon, November 3d, l640j and MP. for
Dover 1661. He died July gth, 1681, aet. fifty-nine. By Eliza-
beth, daughter of Sir Anthony Irby, he had five sons and four
daughters. Charles, his fourth son, raised himself by his abilities
to be chancellor of the exchequer in 1694 ; and on December
13th, 1700, was created Baron Halifax with a collateral relation
to his elder brother Edward, and the issue male of his body. On
October 26th, 1714, he was promoted to be Earl of Halifax, with
the same limitations j and dying May 19th, 1715, without issue,
aged fifty-four, was succeeded by his nephew George, second
Earl, whose son George, third Earl, died 1772, having tilled many
important offices in the state, without issue, on which occasion
the titles became extinct.

Edward, second Earl of Manchester, his eldest son and
successor, had his education in Sidney College Cambridge, s where

■ Lysons's Env. vol. Hi. p. 532. o Ibid, vol- iv. p. 46.

9 Ibid 1 Ibid. 1 Ibid.

« Wood's Fasti Oxon. vol. ii. fol. 836.

5 S PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

he took the degree of master of arts, and returning from the uni-
versity to court, l attended on Charles, Prince of Wales, when he
was in Spain, 1623; and, at his coronation, February 2i, 1625-6,
was made one of the Knights of the Bath. He was elected one
of the knights for Huntingdonshire, in the first parliament called
by that monarch, u and served for the same county in three other
parliaments, till he was called by writ to the house of peers, as
Baron of Kimbolton, his father then living. In 1640, hex was
one of the lords who petitioned the King to summon a parliament,
w whereby* the causes of the grievances of the nation might be
taken away, the authors and counsellors of them punished, and
the war with Scotland composed without blood, to the honour
and safety of his Majesty, the comfort of his people, and the unit-
ing of both realms." And waiting on his Majesty at York the
same year, he was with other lords, all popular men (as Lord
Clarendon * writes) impowered to treat with commissioners on
the part of Scotland, for preventing all acts of hostility, and re-
dressing the grievances of the Scotch nation -, which ended in a
cessation of arms, and an adjournment of the treaty, from Rippon
to London.

Lord Clarendon gives the following account of him :
" The Lord Mandevile, eldest son to the lord privy-seal, was
a person of great activity, and very well bred, and had been early
in the court under the favour of the Duke of Buckingham, a lady
of whose family he had married. He had attended upon the
Prince when he was in Spain, and had been called to the house of
peers in the life time of his father, by the name of the Lord
Kimbolton, which was a very extraordinary favour. Upon the
death of the Duke of Buckingham, his wife being likewise dead,
he married the daughter of the Earl of Warwick j a man in no
grace at court, and looked upon as the greatest patron of the
puritans, because of much the greatest estate of all who favoured
them j and so was esteemed by them with great approbation
and veneration : though he was of a life very licentious and un-
conformable to their professed rigour, which they rather dispensed
with, than they would withdraw from a house where they re-
ceived so eminent a protection, and such notable bounty. Upon
this latter marriage the Lord Mandevile totally estranged himself
from court, and upon all occasions appeared enough to dislike

t Clarendon's Hist, vol i. p. i8z- « Ex Collect. Br. Willis, Arm.

» Whitlock's Memorials, p-34> 35. * Hist, of Reb, vol.i. p. 155.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 59

what was done there, and engaged himself wholly in the conver-
sation of those who were most notoriously of that party, whereof
there was a kind of fraternity of many persons of good condition
who chose to live together in one family at a gentleman's house
of a fair fortune near the place where the Lord Mandevile lived,
whither others of that class likewise resorted, and maintained a
joint and mutual correspondence and conversation together with
much familiarity and friendship : that Lord to support, and the
better to improve that popularity, (the inseparable effect of espous-
ing the liberties of his country) lived at a much higher rate
than the narrow exhibition allowed him by his wary father, could
justify, making up the rest by contracting a great debt, which
long lay heavy upon him : by which generous way of living, and
by his natural civility, good manners, and good nature, which
flowed towards all men, he was universally acceptable and beloved;
and no man more in the confidence of the discontented and
factious party than he, and none to whom the whole mass of their
designs, as well what remained in chaos as what was formed, was
entirely communicated, and no man more consulted with. And
therefore these three lords (Bedford, Siy, and Mandevile) are
nominated as the principal agents in the house of peers (though
there were many there of quality and interest much superior to
any of them), because they were principally and absolutely trusted
by those who were to manage all in the house of commons, and
to raise that spirit which was upon all occasions to inflame the
lords. Yet it being enough known and understood, that how in-
disposed and angry soever many of them at present appeared to
be, there would be still a major part there, who would, if they
were not overreached, adhere to the King and the established go-
vernment, and therefore these three persons were trusted without
reserve, and relied upon so to steer, as might increase their party by
all the arts imaginable ; and they had dexterity enough to depend
upon these three lords, who were looked upon as greater, and as
popular men j and to be subservient to their purposes, whom in
truth they governed and disposed of.

*' Hereupon to satisfy the people, (as further * related) in one
day were sworn privy counsellors, much to the public joy, the
Earl of Hertford (whom the King afterwards made Marquis) the
Earl of Bedford, the Earl of Essex, the Earl of Bristol, the Lord
Say, the Lord Savile, and the Lord Kimbolton ; and within two

s Hist, of RebvoLi. p. 195.

60 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

or three days after, the Earl of Warwick ; being all persons at that
time very gracious to the people, or to the Scots, by whose elec-
tion and discretion the people chose; and had been all in some
umbrage at court, and most in visible disfavour there." Also
when it was thought reasonable, that such who had the courage
to appear against those arbitrary designs, should be provided with
places and preferments in the court, whereby they might be able
to do their country better service, by preventing the evil councils,
which used to spring from thence, a Lord Kimbolton was among
those whom the King resolved to employ ; and the noble author
before-mentioned observes, b " that it was great pity it was not
fully executed, that the King might have had some able men to
have advised or assisted him ; which probably those very men
would have done, after they had been so thoroughly engaged :
whereas the King had none left about him in any immediate trust
in business (except the Duke of Richmond, and some very few
men more about his person, who always behaved themselves
honourably) who either did not betray, or sink under the weight
or reproach of it."

In 1641, when both houses of parliament had adjourned them-
selves, and it was thought necessary for the public safety, that
committees should be chosen to meet twice a week, or oftener if
they saw cause, during the recess, to transact such business, as by
instructions they were authorized to do j the Lord Kimbolton0
was one of the sixteen lords nominated by the house of peers to be
of their committee. But being so much confided in by those of
his party, he was represented, to the King, as an enemy to his
Majesty's person and government, by Lord Digby, who advised
his Majesty (in order to strike a terror into others) to accuse the
Lord Kimbolton to the house of peers, and five members of the
house of commons, of high treason. This the King assented to
without consulting any other person than Lord Digby, as Lord
Clarendon asserts ; and the extraordinary manner of visiting fheir
lodgings, and sealing up their studies, trunks, &c. together with
the King's going to the house of commons, on January 5th,
1641-2, to demand the five members, occasioned new discontents,
and was voted, the highest breach of the privilege of parliament
that could be made.

The proceedings against the Lord Kimbolton are thus de-
list, of Reb. vol. i. p- 21 a» 2»J4- b Ibid p. %LU
* Ibid- p. 294.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 61

livered d by the noble historian before cited, u the purpose of ac-
cusing the members was only consulted between the King and
Lord Digby ; yet it was generally believed, that the King's pur-
pose of going to the house, was communicated to William Murray,
of the bed chamber, with whom Lord Digby had great friend-
ship ; and that it was discovered by him: and that Lord, who
had promised the King to move the house for the commitment of
the Lord Kimbolton, as soon as the attorney general should have
accused him (which if he had done would probably have raised a
very hot dispute in the house, where many would have joined
with him) never spoke the least word ; but on the contrary
seemed the most surprized, and perplexed with the attorney's im-
peachment ; and sitting at that time next Lord Kimbolton, with
whom he pretended to live with much friendship, he whispered
him in the ear with some commotion (as he had a rare talent in
dissimulation), that the King was very mischievously advised ;
and that it should go very hard, but he would know whence that
counsel proceeded ; in order to which, and to prevent further
mischief, he would go immediately to his Majesty ; and so went
out of the house.

" Whereas he was the only person who gave the counsel,
named the persons, and particularly the Lord Kimbolton (against
whom less could be said than against many others, and who was
more generally beloved) and undertook to prove that the said
Lord Kimbolton told the rabble, when they were about the par-
liament house, that they should go to Whitehall. When he
found the ill success of the impeachment in both houses, and how
unsatisfied all were with the proceeding, he advised the King the
next morning to go to Guildhall, and to inform the mayor and
aldermen of the grounds of his proceedings : and that people
might not believe there was any dejection of mind, or sorrow for
what was done, the same night the same council caused a pro-
clamation to be prepared for stopping the ports, that the accused
persons might not escape out of the kingdom, and to foibid all
persons to receive, and harbour them ; when it was well known
that they were all together in a house in the city, without any
fear of their security. And all this was done without the least
communication with any body, but Lord Digby, who advised it j
and, it is very true, was so willing to take the utmost hazard upon
himself, that he did offer the King, when he knew in what house

< Clarendon, p. 359, 360.

62 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

they were together, with a select company of gentlemen, who
would accompany him, whereof Sir Thomas Lunsford was one,
to seize upon them, and to bring them away alive, or leave them
dead in the place : but the King liked not such enterprizes."

As this unprecedented council, and the precedent acts (tend-
ing to the subversion of all property) naturally produced jealousies
and distrusts of the King, in both houses of parliament, so it
caused a more strict enquiry into all that had been done contrary
to law -, and such measures as ended in an unnatural civil war.
The Lord Kimbolton was so far from being thought an enemy to
his own country, that he was the more caressed by those of his
own party ; and they who sided with the King, thought, e '* that
if any thing had been to be done of that kind, there should have
been a fitter choice of the persons, there being many of the house
of more mischievous inclinations, and designs against the King's
person, and the government, and who were exposed to the public
prejudice, than the Lord Kimbolton was ; who was a civil and
well natured man, and had rather kept ill company than drank
deep of that infection and poison that had wrought upon many
others."

Also both houses of parliament, in their declaration, delivered,
on March 9th, 1641-2, at Newmarket, to the King, of the
grievances of the nation, among other particulars, set forth,
" that they had, according to his Majesty's desire, laid their hands
upon their hearts j they had asked themselves in the strictest ex-
amination of their consciences ; they had searched their affections,
their thoughts, considered their actions ; and they found none
that could give his Majesty any just occasion to absent himself
from Whitehall, and his parliament ; but that he might with more
honour and safety continue there than in any other place. They
said his Majesty laid a general tax upon them : if he would be
graciously pleased to let them know the particulars, they should
give a clear and satisfactory answer. But they said, they could
have no hope of ever giving his Majesty satisfaction, when those
particulars, which he had been made believe were true, yet, being
produced and made known to them, appeared to be false 5 and his
Majesty notwithstanding would neither punish, nor produce the
authors, but go on to contract new fears and jealousies, upon
general and uncertain grounds ; affording them no means or pos-
sibility of particular answer to the clearing of themselves, of which

e Clarendon, Hist yol. ii p. 377, 378,

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 63

they gave him these instances; first, the speeches. alleged to be
spoken at Kensington concerning the Queen, which had been
denied and disavowed ; yet his Majesty had not named the au-
thors ; second, the charge and accusation of the Lord Kimbolton,
and the five members, who refused no trial or examination, which
might stand with the privileges of parliament ; yet no authors, no
witnesses were produced, against whom they might have repara-
tion for the great injury, and infamy cast upon them.

" They besought his Majesty to consider in what state he
was, how easy and fair a way he had to happiness, honour, great-
ness, and plenty, and security, if he would join with his parlia-
ment, and his faithful subjects, in the defence of the religion, and
the public good of the kingdom : that (they said) was all- they
expected from him, and for that, they would return to him their
lives, fortunes, and utmost endeavours to support his Majesty, his
just sovereignty, and power over them. But, they said, it was
not words that could secure them in those their humble de-
sires j they could not but too well and sorrowfully remember,
what gracious messages they had from him the last summer, when,
with his privity, the bringing up of the army was in agitation.
They could not but with the like affections recall to their minds,
how, not two days before, he gave direction for the afore men-
tioned accusation, and his owning to *the commons house that
house received from him a gracious message, that he would
always have care of their privileges, as of his own prerogative ;
and of the safety of their persons as of his own children.

" They said, that which they expected, and which would
give them assurance that he had no thought but of peace, and
justice to his people, must be some real effect of his goodness to
them, in granting those things, which the present necessity of the
kingdom did inforce them to desire. And in the first place, that
he would be graciously pleased to put from him those wicked
and mischievous counsellors, which had caused all those dangers,
and distractions ; and to continue his own residence, and the
Princes, near London, and the parliament ; which, they hoped,
would be a happy beginning of contentment, and confidence
between him and his people, and be followed with many succeed-
ing blessings of honour and greatness to his Majesty, and of se-
curity, and prosperity to them."

When the heats and divisions of both parties bad caused them
to take arms, the Lord Kimbolton, engaging in the service of the

G4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

parliament, had the command f of a regiment in 8 the battle of
Edge Hill, October 23d, 1642 j and on November 7th following,
succeeded his father as Earl of Manchester. In June, 1643, he11
and the Earl of Bolingbroke were the two lords, who, with four
commoners, had the authority of keeper of the great seal. And
having, by his conduct and courage, gained the reputation of an
experienced officer, he had committed to him, the same year, ' the
charge of the associated counties of Essex, Hertford, Cambridge,
Norfolk, Suffolk, Huntingdon and Lincoln, with power k to levy
money out of the sequestered estates in the said counties, towards
payment of his army. His Lordship was successful in all the
actions wherein he engaged, having no sooner entered on his com-
mand, but he forced the town of Lynn, in Norfolk, to surrender
to the parliament ; and defeated the Earl of Newcastle's army
at Horn Castle in Lincolnshire, on October 11th, killing 500 on
the spot, and taking 800 prisoners, 1500 horse, and thirty-five
colours.

In April 1644, ] he was ordered with 4000 horse, and 5000
foot, to attend the motion of Prince Rupert ; and in May follow-
ing, took the city of Lincoln by storm ; which is related by in
Rushworth as follows, " On Friday the 3d of May, the Earl of
Manchester sat down before Lincoln, and after some resistance,
made himself master of the lower part of the city, the besieged
retreating to the minster, and the castle on the top of a high hill j
the next day there fell so much rain, as hindered any great action :
that night Manchester intended to storm them, and drew up his
foot, and sent for the horse from their quarters, to be ready by
two of the clock in the morning ; but the weather continuing so
violent, prevented it 5 the mount, whereon the castle stands,
being exceeding steep, and, by reason of the rain, very slippery.
Next day they had notice of a great body of horse, to the number
of five or six thousand, under colonel Goring's command, were
coming to relieve the city ; this hastened Manchester into a reso-
lution to storm them that afternoon, and to that intent the scaling
ladders were brought forth, and the foot were ready to set on -, but
understanding the said horse could not come up that night, it was

f Clarendon, vol. ii. p. 702. e Ibid. vol. lii. p. 44-

Whitlock's Memorials, p. 67. i Clarendon, vol iii. p $zz-

* Whitlock's Memorials, p. 68, 69, j*i ■ Ibid, p 8a-

"i Hist. Collect, vol v- p. 620, 621.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 65

put off till next morning -, and to prevent the relief expected,
Cromwel with two thousand horse were sent to meet them.
The foot were ordered that night to lie upon the several quarters
of the hill, round about their works, and to be all in a readiness
to fall on, when they should hear the great ordnance go off, which
was between two and three a clock in the morning, there being
then six pieces discharged at once } then in a moment they all
begun the attack, and, in a quarter of an hour, got up to their
works, though the King's forces made a gallant resistance ; and,
being under their works, set up their scaling ladders ; whereupon
those within left firing, and threw down mighty stones from over
their works, which did the assailants more prejudice than their
shot 3 yet, at last, np they got, and slew about fifty in their works,
and the rest cried for quarter, which was given them." They u
took prisoners, Sir Francis Fane the governour, Sir Charles Dal-
lison, and two others, colonels, with many inferior officers, 700
common soldiers, 100 horse, eight pieces of cannon, and arms,
ammunition, &c.

The two houses of parliament, taking these successes into con-
sideration, passed an ordinance for maintaining the forces under
the Earl of Manchester, ° reciting, u That whereas the seven as-
sociated counties of Essex, &c. in obedience to the order of par-
liament, had raised and maintained 14,000 horse, foot, and dra-
goons, and with them (within five months last past) done many
services tending much to the safety of the kingdom, &c."

His Lordship being thus encouraged both with success, and
provision made for his army, p caused a bridge of boats to be made
near Gainsborough, the better to hold communication with the
Scotish army, and that of the Lord Fairfax j and appointing two
regiments of foot, with cannon to guard that work, marched from
Lincoln to Gainsborough, and the next day, into the isle of Ax-
holm, and from thence by Thorn and Selby, to the leaguer at
York, where he arrived on Monday, June 3d, lrjJ4. On his
coming there, the city being invested on all sides, the Marquis of
Newcastle sent a letter to the Earl of Leven, " That he admired,
the city was beleagued on all sides, without signifying what their
intentions were, which was contrary to the rules of all military
discipline, &c." Whereupon the Earl of Leven, and the Lord
Fairfax, returned an answer, " That they designed to reduce the

. Hist. Col. vol. v. p. 621 . 0 Rushworth, ut antca.

P Ibid. p. Cx%.
VOL. II. F

66 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

city to the obedience of the parliament, &c. but that the Earl of
Manchester being equally concerned with themselves, they neither
could nor would admit any parley without him." He thereupon «*
sent the following letter to the Earl of Manchester :

" My Lord,
" The enclosed is the effect of two letters I wrote yesterday,
one to the Earl of Leven, the other to the Lord Fairfax ; and I
had done the like to your Lordship then, if I had any assurance of
your Lordship's being in these parts in your own person : but
since I am now satisfied of your Lordship's being here, I have
thought fit to present the same to your Lordship's consideration,
with this desire, that I may receive your Lordship's resolution
therein ; and so I remain,

« My Lord,

<e Your Lordship's

" Most humble servant,

tc William Newcastle."

To which he immediately returned this answer : r

" My Lokd,
r< By favour of his Excellency, the Earl of Leven, and the
Lord Fairfax, I was no stranger to your Lordship's former letters;
and your Lordship having now with civility put me in a conjunc-
ture with them, I shall desire your Lordship to believe that my
heart is the same with theirs in this business, and their expres-
sions, in their letter to your Lordship, are fully owned by me as
my sense ; and therefore if your Lordship will please to read the
first letter from the Earl of Leven, and the Lord Fairfax, you
shall by that clearly see the resolution of your Lordship's

Most humble servant,

Manchester.

Leaguer before York,
June gth, 1644.

The generals after this sent propositions; which being not
agreed to, the siege continued with daily skirmishes till July 1st,8
and then, on intelligence of Prince Rupert's advancing with
twenty thousand men, they drew off all their forces to Hessam
Moor, commonly called Marston Moor, four or five miles from
York, where a bloody battle was fought on July 2d. The victory ,

I Ru*hwortb» p. 6*5. * Ibid. p. 628. » Ibid. p.6ji.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 67

was principally gained by the Earl of Manchester's forces; the left
wing of horse, l commanded by his Lordship, and under him, by
lieutenant general Cromwell, having entirely defeated the right
wing of the Prince's army, and returning from the chace, gave a
second charge on all the Prince's horse and foot, that had put to
flight the right wing of their own army ; whereby the battle,
being again renewed, grew very desperate ; but after the utmost
efforts of strength and courage on both sides, victory inclined
wholly to the Earl of Manchester's forces, who took all the Prince's
train of artillery, and followed the chace with great slaughter,
within a mile of York. Here it was that Cromwell (whom the
Earl of Manchester had raised from a low fortune, being his
countryman) acquired so great reputation, as raised him to the
supreme command of the army, whereby he procured himself to
be declared Lord Protector of the three nations ; and this was
the battle that was the ruin of the King's cause, which ever after
declined.

After the army had refreshed themselves, the Earl of Man-
chester, on July 4th, marched down to York," and the same
night summoned the town to surrender on mercy : whereunto Sir
Thomas Glemham, the governor, and the mayor answered, " that
they could not yield it on such terms. So that proceeding vigor-
ously in the siege, they were preparing to storm the town on
July 11th, when the besieged beat a parley. Whereupon colonel
Montagu (afterwards Earl of Sandwich) and others being sent
into the city, articles were agreed on for the surrender thereof on
the 15th. York being thus yielded up, the generals on consul-
tation agreed to separate ; x and accordingly, on July 20th, the
Earl of Manchester advanced southward, and quartered his foot
that night and the next day at Tadcaster, and on Monday marched
to Ferrybriggs, and passed near Pontefract Castle (a strong gar-
rison of the King;) but being on a march, it was not thought
convenient to sit down before it. On Tuesday, the 23d, he came
to Doncaster, and from thence, after taking in y Tickhill Castle,
Sheffield Castle, Bolsover Castle, Welbeck House, and other gar-
risons, quartered his forces about Gainsborough, and returning
through Lincoln, drew his army to z encounter the King's forces
in their return from Cornwall to Oxford. His Lordship came up

1 Rushworth, p. 633, 634, 635. u Ibid. p. 637.

x Ibid. p. 641. f Ibid- P- 641, 64Z, 644.

* W hillock's Memorials, p. 101, 104.

68 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

with them at Newberry, * on Sunday, October 27th, and his forces
began the attack, and had a full share in the battle, where both
sides claimed the victory ; but the King after this relieving Don-
nington Castle, the parliament were much dissatisfied, and lieute-
nant general Cromwell exhibited a charge against the Earl of Man-
chester, to this effect. b

" That the said Earl hath always been indisposed and back-
ward to engagements, and against ending of the war by the
sword, and for such a peace to which a victory would be a dis-
advantage j and hath declared this by principles express to that
purpose, and a continued series of carriage and actions answerable.
And since the taking of York (as if the parliament had now ad-
vantage full enough) he hath declined whatever tended to further
advantage upon the enemy, neglected and studiously shifted off
opportunities to that purpose (as if he thought the King too low,
and the parliament too high) especially at Donnington Castle.
That he hath drawn the army unto, and detained them in, such
a posture, as to give the enemy fresh advantages ; and this before
his conjunctions with the other armies, by his own absolute will,
against or without his council of war, against many commands
from the committee of both kingdoms, and with contempt and
vilifying those commands. And since the conjunction, some-
times against the councils of war, and sometimes persuading and
deluding the council to neglect one opportunity with pretence of
another, and that again of a third, and at last, by persuading that
it was not fit to fight at all."

Before Cromwell brought in this charge, the Earl of Man-
chester was apprized, that his conduct was questioned ; where-
upon he c gave in this narrative to the house of peers, according
to their desire.

" My Lords,
u The trusts, with which the parliament of England haye
honoured me, are of so great concernment to the public, as I
should be failing in the highest measure to your Lordships, and
myself as a servant employed by you, if I should not be sensible
of those aspersions which common fame brings to my ears, so as
to endeavour to clear myself from that ignominious brand of un-
faithfulness towards the parliament, who have thought me worthy

* Clarendon's History, vol. iv. p. 546.
* Ruslrworth's Collect, vol. v. p. 73 J. * Ibid. p. 733.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 69

of their favour and their trust : therefore I look upon tbis com-
mand of your Lordships to give you an account of my late actions,
not only as an addition to your former favours, but as an advan-
tage equivalent to my life, for which I humbly offer your Lord-
ships my acknowledgements as your servant.

* My Lords,
• I shall not plead my abilities to serve you, I shall only justify
my integrity in your service j which if any shall contradict, if
they be such as have either known me, or seen my actions, when
they shall question with their own hearts, I doubt not, but they
will there find such results as will give them occasion to ask me
pardon for the injury they have done me.

" My Lords,
■ That which I hear gives the greatest dissatisfaction to the
world in my particular, is the King's relieving Donnington Castle,
and the armies not engaging with him : to this I shall make a
profession in general, that from the time I came to join with my
lord general's army, I never did any thing without joint consent
of those that were the best experienced and chiefest commanders
in all the armies ; and herein I shall appeal to those who were
sent down from the committee of both kingdoms, whether upon
all debates my expressions were not these : * I cannot pretend to
have any experience in this way, therefore what you shall resolve,
I shall observe.' And I am confident, that both they, and all the
commanders of the army, will justify my practice made good my
professions.

" My Lords,
" At our first drawing up of our armies towards Newberry,
when the King lay there secured in his quarters, it was resolved,
that our armies should be divided, that my lord general's foot, and
the city brigade, with the most of all the horse, should march to
the west side of Newberry, and that the foot under my command,
with some horse, should remain on the east side, and that as soon
as I should see some warning pieces, and see that they were en-
gaged, that then I should make my engagement for a diversion :
this command was obeyed by me, and it pleased God, through
the valour of my lord general's foot and some horse, we had a
very happy success of that service j but where those horse were,
that lieutenant general Cromwell commanded, I have as yet had

70 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

no certain account. After this (to omit our marching from New-
berry towards Abingdon, and returns thither again, all which was
by the advice and consent of the council of war) the King having
gathered all his forces together, draws them down towards Wal-
lingford, and our constant intelligence gave us, that he intended
the relief of Donnington Castle -, wherefore upon the Thursday
my intelligence being confirmed, I sent unto major general Skip-
pon, to consult what was fittest to be done : we both resolved,
that in regard all our horse were quartered so far from us, it was
necessary to call them to a rendezvous the next day, which he
accordingly did. I sent likewise unto lieutenant general Crom-
well, to give the like orders to my horse : but he came unto me,
and in a discontented manner expressed himself, asking me,
whether I intended to flea my horse ? For if I called them to a
rendezvous, I might have their skins, but no service from them.
I told him my opinion was, that it was absolutely necessary j for
if it were not done, I doubted if we should have them present,
when we had most use of them j yet he persisting in his dislike
of it, I told him he might do as he pleased. Upon the Friday in
the evening, we had certain notice by'a lieutenant that came from
the enemy, that the King's whole army was within five or six
miles : hereupon we presently sent to all the horse to be at a ren-
dezvous upon Newberry Wash, by six o'clock in the morning,
intending to draw out to fight with the King j in order to which,
the ground was viewed by the chief field officers : but on Satur-
day morning, the King had gained his passage to Donnington
Castle before any great body of our horse came up, so as it was
resolved by all the officers in chief that it was fittest for us to
stand upon our defence, and to keep the town of Newberry.
About two of the clock in the afernoon the King charged us with
hone and foot, near to the works which we had made, but re-
ceived a very happy repulse by our foot. As yet there were only
some of my lord general's horse, and some of Sir William Wal-
ler's^come on that side the river that the enemy was. Lieutenant
general Cromwell had not brought over any horse, notwithstand-
ing I desired him that all of them might be brought over on that
side of the river, where the present service was : after some few
hours, that the enemy had stood facing us, and that the evening
drew nigh, the enemy through the favour of the duskishness of
the evening made his retreat, and about this time my horse were
coming into the field ; whereupon we all agreed that the horse
should keep the field that night, and the foot to make good their

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 71

posts, as they had maintained them the day before, intending to
draw out the next morning to attempt something upon the enemy.
In the night we heard that the enemy was marched away j where-
upon order was given by a general consent, that the horse should
follow by break of day ; but in the morning certain intelligence
was brought us, that the enemy's whole army was in a body
within three miles of us j whereupon divers of us went to see
whether it were true. And after we had rode about a mile to the
top of a hill, we saw the enemy's whole army marching in an
orderly retreat. This gave occasion to us all to consider what was
fittest to be done, and most of the commanders in the army were
called together, and there by a general consent, it was agreed that
it was not safe to engage against the King at that present. Many
arguments were given j Sir Arthur Haselrigg used some expres-
sions to this effect j • That we run a greater hazard than the King
did, for if we beat him, his army woftld not be ruined, but he
being King still, and retreating to his garrisons, he would recruit
his army, it being now the winter season 5 but if he had the better
of us, our whole forces would be ruined, and the kingdom in ex-
treme hazard, having no considerable reserve on this side New-
castle, so that the enemy might without any opposition march up
to the very walls of London.' And after some others had deli-
vered their opinions against fighting, this opinion of Sir Arthur
Haselrigg's was seconded by me, and there was not one present
who delivered bis opinion for fighting with the King at that
time 5 and I conceive it was as far from our intentions (as it was
impertinent for the present purpose) to urge any of these argu-
ments as to the final result of the war : in the active and speedy
prosecution whereof, as I have often, so I shall still be willing, on all
occasions, to hazard not only myself, but all that is dear unto me:
but it was urged as not expedient to fight at that time, consider-
ing our present posture, and by a general consent it was thought
fit to march back to Newberry. When we had been some days
at Newberry, we heard that the King intended to send a strong
party to relieve Basing ; therefore the council of war resolved, that
the best way to prevent any such design, was to order all the horse
of the armies to keep guards there by turns ; and though when
the third night came, that my horse were to keep the guard, lieu-
tenant general Cromwell expressed an unwillingness to have any
horse go to the guards, yet I commanded that there should be no
delay in it, and accordingly it was done. As for the several

n PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

motions of the armies, and the drawing into those quarters where
they now are, it was ordered by the general vote of the council
of war, not one dissenting. And I think I may with confidence
affirm, that there was such an unanimity amongst us, as none
acted any thing which was of public concernment, apart from the
rest. As to that which may relate to me, I am fully persuaded
that the commanders in chief will give me this testimony, that I
never concluded any thing without their advice : and I must ac-
knowledge, that lieutenant general Cromwell was sensible of a
contradiction in this particular, as when there was but an infor-
mation of such a report cast out at London, that I had acted
without the advice of the council of war, he professed, ( that he
was a villain and a liar, that should affirm any such thing.' That
which I did without consulting with the commanders of the other
armies, was only such things as had a special respect to my own
forces, to keep them from mutinous actions, that they might be
ready to commit, in regard of their great necessities and suffer-
ings, and of several intimations that were given them, that I was
the only cause of keeping them there, and that lieutenant general
Cromwell was willing and desirous to have them return to their
association. In this, I confess, I acted by my own power, to
cause them to give obedience to that which I had received orders
from the committee of both kingdoms, though 1 shall ever
shew as much readiness to serve for the security of the associa-
tion, that have honoured me with their favour, as any other
shall do.

"My Lords,
tc I hear further of a dissatisfaction which is of an older date,
ever since my being at Lincoln, that when I received command
from the committee of both kingdoms to march into the west,
my backwardness was such, as I gave sharp reproofs to those who
mentioned it to me. I cannot but wonder at such a calumny j
lieutenant general Cromwell can witness for me, that as soon as I
received the letters from the committee, I consulted with him,
and gave him orders that twenty troops of horse should be got
ready, and that he should go with them before me, and I would
follow with the rest of the horse and all the foot, with what pos-
sible speed I could. It is true, that lieutenant general Cromwell
made some difficulties in regard of the necessities that his regi-
ment of horse were in, which I told him I would endeavour to

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 73

supply at Huntingdon, and that I would send to London, to make
provision of boots, and of other things which he wanted, and
send them to meet him at Reading j and I made good my pro-
mise, as many can bear me witness. Certainly, not only my re-
lation to my lord general, to whom I owe both honour and service,
but the public interest, might justly challenge from me a ready
obedience to this service.

" My Lords,

" Some discontents which then brake forth in my army, was
the cause of retarding that service. What those discontents were,
and the grounds of them, I dare not so far digress without your
command, as to offer them unto your Lordships.

" I shall only ask your Lordships pardon for the trouble I
have given you, and shall beseech your Lordships to look upon
me as one, who though I cannot serve you with abilities equal to
others, yet in my faithfulness to the cause, in my endeavours for
the happiness of the parliament and kingdom, and in my care of
your Lordships honours, shall give place to none."

This narrative incited Cromwell to exhibit the charge before
mentioned; and Lord Clarendon d recites these further particulars,
M That he accused the Earl of Manchester of having betrayed the
parliament out of cowardice j for that he might, at the King's
last being at Newberry, when he drew off his cannon, very easily
have defeated his whole army, if he would have permitted it to
have been engaged : that he went to him, and shewed him evi-
dently how it might be done ; and desired him that he would give
him leave, with his own brigade of horse, to charge the King's
army in their retreat ; and the Earl, with the rest of his army,
might look on, and do as he should think fit : but that the Earl
had, notwithstanding all importunity used by him and other
officers, positively and obstinately refused to permit him ; giving
no other reason but that, he said, if they did engage, and over-
throw the King's army, the King Would always have another army
to keep up the war 3 but if that army, which he commanded,
should be overthrown, before the other under the Earl of Essex
should be reinforced, there would be an end of their pretences ;
and they should be all rebels and traitors, and executed and for-
feited by the law."

" This pronunciation what the law would do against thern,

* Hist of Rebellion, vol. iv. p. 561.

74 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

was very heavily taken by the parliament, as if the Earl believed
the law to be against them, after so many declarations made by
them, ' That the law was on their side, and that the King's arms
were taken up against the law.' The Earl confessed, e ' He had
used words to that effect, that they should be treated as traitors,
if their army was defeated, when he did not approve the advice
that was given by the lieutenant general, which would have ex-
posed the army to greater hazard than he thought seasonable in
that conjuncture in the middle of the winter to expose it to.' He
then recriminated, that at another time Cromwell discoursing
freely with him of the state of the kingdom, and proposing some-
what to be done, to which he answered, ' That the parliament
would never approve it,' Cromwell thereupon presently replied,
' My Lord, if you will stick firm to honest men, you shall find
yourself in the head of an army that shall give the law to King
and parliament j' which discourse, he said, made great impression
in him 5 c for he knew the lieutenant general to be a man of very
deep designs; and therefore he was the more careful to preserve
an army which he yet thought was very faithful to the parlia-
ment.'

" This discourse startled those who had always an aversion to
Cromwell, and had observed the fierceness of his nature, and the
language he commonly used when there was any mention of a
peace ; so that they desired this matter might be thoroughly ex-
amined, and brought to judgement. But the other side put all
obstructions in the way, and rather chose to lose the advantage
they had against the Earl of Manchester, than to have the other
matter examined, which would unavoidably have made some dis-
coveries they were not yet ready to produce." The same noble
author observes, f fi That they were much troubled to find their
beloved Earl of Manchester, upon whom they depended as a fast
friend, by whom they might insensibly have divested the Earl of
Essex of all inconvenient authority in the army, appear as unap-
plicable to their purposes as the other -, whereby he s was at last
removed from all trust, for no other reason, but because he was
not wicked enough. Of the whole cabal, he was, in a thousand
respects, most unfit for the company he kept. He was of a gentle,
and a generous nature j civilly bred j had reverence and affection
for the person of the King, upon whom he had attended in Spain $

• Hist, of Rebellion, vol. iv. p. 561. f Ibid.

* Ibid, vol. iii. p. 211.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. ?5

loved his country with too unskilful a tenderness, and was of so
excellent a temper, and disposition, that the barbarous times, and
the rough parts he was forced to act in them, did not wipe out,
or much deface those marks : insomuch as he was never guilty of
any rudeness towards those he was obliged to oppress, but per-
formed always as good offices towards his old friends and all other
persons, as the iniquity of the time, and the nature of the employ-
ment he was in, would permit him to do; which kind of huma-
nity could be imputed to very few.

* His second marriage with the daughter of the Earl of War-
wick, and the very narrow, and restrained maintenance which he
received from his father, and which would in no degree defray
the expences of the court, forced him too soon to retire to a
country life, and totally to abandon both the court, and London,
whither he came very seldom, in many years. And in this re-
tirement, the discountenance which his father underwent at court,
the conversation of that family into which he was married, the be-
witching popularity which flowed upon him with a wonderful
torrent, and the want of those guards which a good education
should have supplied him with, by the clear notion of the founda-
tion of the ecclesiastical, as well as the civil government, made a
great impression on hi9 understanding (for his nature was never
corrupted, but remained still in its integrity) and made him believe
that the court was inclined to hurt, and even to destroy the
country ; and from particular instances, to make general and
dangerous conclusions. They, who had always been enemies to
the church, prevailed with him to lessen his reverence for it; and
having not been well instructed to defend it, he yielded too easily
to those who confidently assaulted it, and thought it had great
errors, which were necessary to be reformed ; and that all means
are lawful to compass that which is necessary : whereas the true
logic is, that the thing desired is not necessary, if the ways are un-
lawful which are proposed to bring it to pass. No man was
courted with more application by persons of all conditions and
qualities j his person was not less acceptable to those of steady
and uncorrupted principles, than to those of depraved inclinations.
And in the end, even his piety administered some excuse to him ;
for his father's infirmities and transgressions had so far exposed
him to the inquisition of justice, that the son found it necessary
to procure the assistance and protection of those who were strong
enough to violate justice itself; and so he adhered to those who
were best able to defend his father's honour, and thereby to secure

76 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

his own fortune, and concurred with them in their most violent
designs, and gave reputation to them. And the court as unskil-
fully took an occasion too soon to make him desperate, by accusing
him of high treason." &

Lord Clarendon (who gave the said relation) makes this
further remark : " It was some evidence, that God Almighty saw
his heart was not so malicious as the rest, that he preserved him
to the end of the confusion ; when he appeared as glad of the
King's restoration, and had heartily wished it long before ; and
very few who had a hand in the contrivance of the rebellion,
gave so manifest tokens of repentance as he did : and having for
many years undergone the jealousy and hatred of Cromwell, as
one who abominated the murder of the King, and all the bar-
barous proceedings against the lives of men in cold blood, the
King, upon his return, received him into grace and favour, which
he never after forfeited by any undutiful behaviour."

In vindication of his Lordship, it has been said, that he never
entertained a thought of altering the government $ for when the
obnoxious counsellors about the King were removed, and his Ma-
jesty had made those gracious concessions, so much to the repose
and ease of his people, he was well contented -, and had no design
of taking up arms till the King retiring to York, and his attempt
npon Hull made it evident to all men, that he intended to call all
those to account who had opposed him. His Lordship knew
too well what he had to expect ; yet it appears, that when he had
gained the great victory at Marston Moor, with the surrender of
York (which Lord Clarendon declares were the primary causes of
the declension of the King's power) he had then so much the
peace of his country at heart, as he recommended it to the parlia-
ment to treat with his Majesty, telling them, h as Whitlock writes,
" He believed the King would be more inclinable to peace than
formerly." And when his Lordship, the Earl of Essex, and the
Earl of Denbigh, gave up their commissions, on April 2d, 1645,
on account of the self-denying ordinance, the commons i appointed
a committee to consider of gratifying them for their faithful ser-
vices, and hazarding their lives and fortunes for the public : also
on December 1st, 1645, after a debate in parliament, about pro-
positions to be made to his Majesty for a peace, k it was voted
that the Earls of Northumberland, Essex, Warwick, and Pem-

c With what exquisite acuteness this is drawn !

h Whitlock's Memorials, p. 92.
* Ibid. p. 135. * Ibid. p. 188.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 77

broke, should be made Dukes, and the Earls of Salisbury and
Manchester should be made Marquisses. And his Majesty at
that time proposing a personal treaty with both houses of parlia-
ment at Westminster, had such an opinion of the Earl of Man-
chester's desire of peace, i that he nominated him, among others,
he was willing to commit the trust of the militia to, for such time,
and with such power, as was expressed by the commissioners at
Uxbridge, believing them to be unexceptionable persons.

His Lordship was speaker m of the house of peers, and used
his utmost endeavours for healing the breaches of the nation, by
a peace with the King; but the army opposing all pacific mea-
sures, thought that unhappy Prince the only obstacle to their ab-
solute sway j and therefore by cunning devices, and modelling the
house of commons, undutifully brought him to the block. The
house of peers abhorred the murder of the King, and the Earl of
Manchester never after sat in parliament, till April 26th, 1660, at
the meeting of the peers who voted the restoration of Charles II.
He had n all the prejudice imaginable against Cromwell, and
was hated by him above all men, so that he endeavoured to
take away his lifej and in the year 1651 procured his Lordship
to be discharged from the chancellorship of the University of
Cambridge. ° On the King's return, he was again elected chan-
cellor of that university; which, with his being of the bed-
chamber, and of the privy-council to his Majesty, together with
bis white staffas Lord Chamberlain, and his being made a Knight
of the Garter, and the Lieutenancy of Huntingdonshire, was as
much honour as he desired, or a subject could well bear.

His Lordship by his prudent management, f and seasonable
advices and consultations with General Monk, was particularly
instrumental in the King's restoration, being 1 present at that
conference in Northumberland house, where their opinions co-
operated with General Monk's long concerted scheme of restor-
ing the King. When the parliament met, on April 25th, 1660,
he was called to the chair of the house of peers, and officiating
as speaker, r received the King's letter to that noble body ; 8 and
also, on May 5th following, he was declared, both by lords and

1 Whitlock's Memorials, p. 191.

m Clarendon's Hist. vol. v. p. 63. n Ibid.

0 Leneve's Fasti Eccl. Angl. p. 391.

p Burnet's Hist, of his own time, p. 85.

<i Clarendon's Hist, vol vi. p. 733. ' Hist, of England, vol. ill. p. 239.

» Whitlock's Memorials, p. jqz.

78 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

commons, first lord commissioner of the great seal of England.
On the joyful entry of his Majesty, on May 29th, the Earl of
Manchester being appointed by the lords to congratulate his re-
turn to his subjects, made this just and memorable speech to him,
in the banqueting house at Whitehall. *

" That this day may prove happy to your Majesty, is the hope,
the expectation, and the earnest desire of my lords the peers,
whose commands are upon me, to make this humble tender to
your Majesty, of their loyal joy for your Majesty's safe return to
your native kingdom, and for this happy restoration of your Ma-
jesty to ryour crown and dignity, after so long, and so severe a
suppression of your just right and title.

" I shall not reflect upon your Majesty's sufferings, which
have been your people's miseries ; yet, I cannot omit to say, that,
as the nation in general, so the peers, with a more personal and
particular sense, have felt the stroke that cut the guardian knot,
which fastened your Majesty to your kingdom, and your king-
dom to your Majesty.

** For since those strange and various fluctuations and discom-
posures in government, since those horrid and unparalleled viola-
tions of all order and justice, strangers have ruled over us, even
with a rod of iron : but now, with satisfaction of heart, we own,
and see your Majesty, our native King j a son of the wise ; a
son of the antient Kings 5 whose hand holds forth a golden
scepter.

" Great King ! Give me leave to speak the confidence, as well
as the desires, of the peers of England : be you the powerful de-
fender of the true protestant faith; the just assertor and main-
tainer of the laws and liberties of your subjects : so shall judge-
ment run down like a river, and justice like a mighty stream -,
and God, the God of your mercy, who hath so miraculously
preserved you, will establish your throne in righteousness and in
peace.

Dread Sovereign ! I offer no flattering titles, but speak the
words of truth ; you are the desire of three kingdoms, the strength
and the stay of the tribes of the people 5 for the moderating of
extremities, the reconciling of differences, the satisfying of all in-
terests, and for the restoring of the collapsed honour of these
nations. Their eyes are toward your Majesty 5 their tongues,

* Heath's Chron. of the late intestine war, p. 4J2

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 79

with loud acclamations of joy, speak the thoughts and loyal in-
tentions of their hearts j their hands are lift up to heaven with
prayers and praises j and what oral triumph can equal this your
pomp and glory ?

u Long may your Majesty live and reign a support to your
friends, a terror to your enemies, an honour to your nation, and
an example to Kings, of piety, justice, prudence, and power;
that this prophetic expression may be verified in your Majesty,
King Charles the Second shall be greater than ever was the
greatest of that name."

To this most memorable speech his Majesty made this most
gracious answer.

u My Lord,
te I am so disordered by my journey, and with the noise still
sounding in my ears (which I confesss was pleasing to me, because
it expressed the affections of my people) as I am unfit at the pre-
sent to make such a reply as I desire j yet thus much I shall say
unto you, that I take no greater satisfaction to myself, in this my
charge, than that I find my heart really set to endeavour by all
means for the restoring of this nation to their freedom and happi-
ness : and I hope, by the advice of my parliament, to effect it.
Of this also you may be confident, that next to the honour of
God, from whom principally I shall ever own this restoration to
my crown, I shall study the welfare of my people; and shall not
only be a true defender of the faith, but a just assertor of the laws
and liberties of my subjects."

On reporting his Majesty's answer, the lords ordered the
thanks of their house to his Lordship, for so justly expressing
their sense to his Majesty.

It being thus evident, that his Lordship cherished all endea-
vours tending to the restoration of King Charles II, and with
great zeal, affection and industry, promoted the same, his Ma-
jesty held it fit to honour and reward this noble peer, by making
him of his council, and of his bedchamber, as also lord cham-
berlain of his household, in which great charge, Sir Edward
Walker, u who knew him well, has observed, « that he behaved

. Sir Edward Walket's Hist. Ace. of Knts. of the Gar. MS. penes Joh.
Anstig Arm.

80 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

himself with that honour, candour, and great civility, as he justly
obtained the affection and respect of all men." Finally, to evi-
dence the further value and esteem his Majesty had for him, he
was elected a Knight of the most noble order of the Garter, x at
a chapter held at Whitehall, on April 1st, \66l. At the corona-
tion of the King,y on April 25th, he had the honour to bear the
sword of state before his Majesty j and was also z one of the
lords commissioners appointed to call together such persons as
were to be made Knights of tbe Bath. Also at the restoration he
was, together with Edward, Earl of Sandwich, constituted Lord
Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Huntingdon ;
and on July l6th, l660,a Custos Rotulorum of the county of
Northampton. On a war with the Dutch in 1664, he b was
chosen as the most proper person to prevail with the city of
London to lend his Majesty 100,000/. which was advanced with
great readiness, on his Lordship's speech delivered in Guildhall,
London, on December 1st : and the city having before advanced
the like sum, the Earl of Manchester tendered to the Lord Mayor,
&c. the resolution of the lords spiritual and temporal, and com-
mons in parliament j " that the thanks of both houses of parlia-
ment be given unto the city of London, for their forwardness in
assisting his Majesty ; and in particular, by furnishing him with
several great sums of money, toward his preparations, for the
honour, safety, and trade of the nation."

In 1665, after waiting on his Majesty in his progress in the
west, his Lordship, and the Earl of Clarendon, were sent from
Salisbury to Oxford, to provide lodgings for the King, during the
winter, by reason of the plague then raging in London and West-
minster 3 c and thereupon, on September 8th, he was incorpo-
rated master of arts in that university (the same degree he had
taken at Cambridge) with great solemnity, the chancellor, vice
chancellor, and masters, being present, and the orator of the uni-
versity making an eloquent oration. On July 2d, 166S, he d had
the honour to entertain his Majesty, his Royal Highness James
Duke of York, and Prince Rupert, at his house at Waltham.
And at length ended his days at Whitehall, e about twelve o'clock

x Sir Edward Walker's Hist Ace. prasd.

v Baker's Chron. 7th Edit. p. 739. * Heath's Chron p. 480

• Bill. Signal. 1% Car. II. 1 Hist, of England, vol. iii. p. 271.

c Wood's Fasti Oxon. vol. ii. p, 836.

* Historians Guide, p. 71 . • Hi«t. of Eng. vol iii p 308.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 81

at night, on May 5th, 1671, in the sixty-ninth year of his age,
much to the regret of the King, and the grief of the whole court,
as the account of his death, published by authority in the Gazette,
sets forth. He was pretty well, and f abroad the day before, and
died of the cholic: " He was," says s Echard, " a great and a
public instrument in the miseries of the civil wars, and after-
wards a very considerable one in the restoration ; when he
shewed himself the most real and unaffected penitent of his
party, and publicly declared some things, much to the honour of
King Charles the First." h He was buried at Kimbolton, and on
his coffin is,

Depositum

Nobilissimi et Illustrissimi Domini, Dni

Edwardi Comitis Manches trice , Vice Comitis

Mandeville, Baronis de Kimbolton, Hospi-

tij Dni Regis Camerarij, Vniversitatis

Cantabrigian Chanccllarij, Carolo 2do. Regi

Augustissimo a Secretioribus Consilijs, No-

bilissimique Ordinis Garterij Equitis, Qui

apud Whitehall piissime in Domino ob-

dormivit V. die Maij Anno a Christo natc

MDCLXXI. iEtatis sua; LXIX. .

His Lordship married five wives ; first, Susanna, daughter of
John Hill of Honiley, in "Warwickshire, Esq. by whom he had
no issue ; secondly, Anne, daughter of Robert Rich, Earl of War-
wick, by whom he had issue Robert, his son and heir, also two
daughters. ,

Frances, married to Henry, son and heir of the celebrated
Dr. Robert Saunderson, Bishop of Lincoln.

And Anne, to Robert Rich, Earl of Holland and Warwick.

His third wife was Essex, daughter of Sir Thomas Cheek, of
Pirgo, in, com. Essex, Knight, and widow of Sir Robert Bevil, of
Chesterton, in com. Hunt. Knight of the Bath. A monument is
erected to the memory of this Essex, in the chancel of Kimbolton
church, in Huntingdonshire, with an inscription informing us

r Peck's Desid. Curios, vol. ii. 1 Hist, of England, p. 878.

h Burnet says, " he was a man of a soft and obliging manner ; of no
great depth, but universally beloved, being both a virtuous and a generous,
man." O. T. vol i p. 92,.

vol. ir. o

62 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

that she died on September 28th, 1658, * and that she left his
Lordship six sons and two daughters,11 and nursed seven of them
with her own breasts.

Her six sons were,1 first, Edward j second, Henry, of the
Inner Temple, who died in 1681; third, Charles ; fourth,
Thomas, who was fellow of Bennet College, Cambridge, and
died in l6?4', fifth, Sidney j and, sixth, George. The two
daughters, were, Essex, married to Henry Ingram, Lord Viscount
Irwin, ancestor to the late Lord Viscount Irwin j and Lucy.

His Lordship's fourth wife was Eleanor, daughter to Sir
Richard Wortley, of Wortley, in com. Ebor. Knight, and Bart,
and widow of Sir Henry Lee, of Quarendon, in com. Bucks,
Knight, and Bart, ancestor of the late Earls of Litchfield ; and
his fifth, the Lady Margaret, daughter to Francis Russell, Earl of
Bedford, widow of James Hay, second Earl of Carlisle, as also of
Robert Rich, Earl of Warwick and second Earl of Holland 3 but
by neither of them had any issue.

Robert, his eldest son and successor, thib,p Earl of Man-
chester, was born in the parish of St. Margaret's, Westminster,
andm christened on April 25th, 1634. He was returned one of
the knights for Huntingdonshire, n to that parliament began at
Westminster, on April 25th, in 1660, which voted the return of
Charles II. and thereupon was one ° of the six lords, members of
the house of commons, deputed by them to wait on the King at
the Hague, to present the humble invitation, and supplication
of the parliament, " that his Majesty would be pleased to return,
and take the government of the kingdom into his hands j where
he should find ail possible affection, duty, and obedience from all
his subjects." At the coronation of the King, he p was one of the
four lords who bore up his Majesty's train 3 and was ^ again re-
turned one of the knights for the county of Huntingdon, to that
which was after stiled the Long Parliament.

On the decease of his father, he succeeded not only as Earl of
Manchester, but also as one of the gentlemen of the bedchamber

'» She died at Twickenham in Middlesex, 28th October, 1658, according
to Lysons. See Env. vol iii. p. 590.

k There was also a daughter Lady Lucy, baptized at Twickenham > May
15th, 1655. Lysons's Env. vol- iii. p 590.

1 Ex Stemmate. m Ex Regist. Eccles-

■ List of Parlm. from 1640, to the Restoration, p. 61.
° Clarendon's Hist, vol, v. p. 768,769.
p Baker's Chron. 7th Edit. p. 738. <J Ex Collect. Brown Willis, Arm.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 83

to his Majesty, and took r his place in the house of peers, on Fe-
bruary 4th, 1672; but travelling into France, died at Montpelier,
on March 14th, 16S2, and was buried near his father at Kim-
bolton.

His Lordship married Anne, daughter of Sir Christopher
Yelverton, of Easton Mauduit, in Northamptonshire, Knight and
Bart, (ancestor of the late Earl of Sussex) and by her (who after-
wards married Charles Earl of Halifax) had issue live sons and
four daughters j

First, Edward.

Second, Henry, who both died infants.

Third, Charles, who succeeded to the honours, and estate*.

Fourth, Robert, who was elected one of the knights for Hunt-
ingdonshire,s to the two first parliaments, called in the reign of
William and Mary, and died unmarried in the year 1(X)3.

Fifth, Heneage, l returned for the county of Huntingdon, to
the parliament summoned to meet at Westminster, on November
22d, 16Q5 3 and on the death of Sir Francis Lawley, in 1696, suc-
ceeded him as master of the jewel office ; but accompanying his
brother the Earl of Manchester in his embassy to the republic of
Venice, died there A. D. 1698.

Lady Anne, eldest daughter, was married to George Howard,
Earl of Suffolk ; Lady Elizabeth, second daughter, to Sir James
Montagu, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer ; and died March
15th, 1730 ; Lady Catharine, third daughter, to Samuel Edwin,
of Lanvihangel, in the county of Glamorgan, Esq. son and heir of
Sir Humphry Edwin, Lord Mayor of London j and dying January
3d, 1732-3, was buried next month at Lavihangel ; Lady Eleanor,
youngest daughter, died unmarried, on July 3d, 1 695.

Charles, fourth Earl and first Duke of Manchester,
the eldest surviving son, had all the advantages of education both
at the University of Cambridge, and abroad ; and being early
distinguished for a manly behaviour, and polite address, was ap-
pointed carver to the Queen " at the coronation of James II. The
long intermission of parliaments prevented his Lordship's taking
his seat in the house ofpeers,x till May 21st, that year, having re-
ceived his Majesty's writ of summons, dated February 14th ; but
not approving of the measures taken in that reign, he retired from

f Journal Dom. Procer. < £x Collect. B. Willis.

t Ibid. " Hist, of the Coronation, p 120.

x Journ- Dom Procer.

8 t PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the court. He appeared y with other noble persons, at the trial
of the seven bishops, on June 29th, 1688 ; and the figure they
made in court had a good effect on the jury, as well as the judges.
He afterwards waited on the Prince of Orange at Dieren, and was
one of the few Englishmen whom his Highness let into the real
views of his expedition. Thereupon returning to England,
whilst the Prince was landing, his Lordship raised a number of
horse in Huntingdonshire, which secured that county for his
Highness. He was among the peers who voted for the vacancy
of the throne, and the supplying it with the Prince and Prin-
cess of Orange, and at their coronation, z he bore St. Edward's staff,
part of the regalia. In 169O, he embarked with King William
for Ireland, a and landing at Carickfergus, on June 14th, was at
the battle of the Boyne, on July 1st, and the unsuccessful siege of
Limerick, and returned to England with his Majesty in Sep-
tember the same year. He was made captain of the yeomen of
the guards on March 23 d, 1 692-3. On September llth, 1696,
he was appointed ambassador extraordinary to the Republic of
Venice 5 but his Lordship did not set out on his embassy till the
latter end of September 1697, when heb went through Holland,
and by the way of Augsburgh, Frankfort, and Nurembergh, ar-
rived at Venice in December 1697, where, on February 7th, N. S.
next year, he made a splendid entry ; and on March 22d, he had
his audience of leave of the senate. On his return he was c re-
ceived by King William with great marks of favour and esteem,
who admitted him of his privy-council on June 9th, 1698.

In May l6gg,d his Majesty declared him ambassador extraor-
dinary to Lewis XIV. King of France j in which station he be-
haved with that prudence, sagacity, and honour, as won him the
regard of the ministers of that kingdom, and the peculiar esteem
of his own Sovereign. He had a private audience of the King of
France on August 14th ; also, on October 25th following, of the
Duke and Duchess of Orleans. On November 15th ensuing, he
made his public entry into Paris, being accompanied by several
persons of distinction. In 17OO, when all Europe was in expec-
tation of a turn of affairs, by the death of Charles King of Spain,

y Hist, of England, vol. iii. p. 513, 514.

2 Ibid. p. 560 • Ibid p. 598.

fc Cole's Memoirs of his Lordship's Embassy, p. 5, 6, 7.

c Pointer's Chron Hist. p. 450

d Hist, of England, vol. iii. p. 768.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 85

his excellency, ever watchful of the French intrigues, had early
notice of the last will of that Prince, e and immediately pressed
the French King to declare his intentions, putting him in mind
of his solemn engagements to the King of Great Britain. And
when that monarch gave evasive answers, and acknowledged the
Pretender as King of England, on the death of his father James II.
his Lordship immediately left the court, and arriving in England,'
was constituted principal secretary of state on January 4th, 1701 -2 ;
about which time he resigned his place of captain of the yeomen
of the guard.

Queen Anne succeeding to the crown, on March 8th, 1701-2,
his Lordship was removed, in May following, from his place of
principal secretary of state ; but continued of her Majesty's privy-
council, of which he was again sworn after the union, which took
place on May 1st, 1/07; and was also Lord Lieutenant of the
county of Huntingdon, and Custos Rotulorum of the same, as he
had been in the reign of King William. In the beginning of the
year 1707> neg was sent Ambassador extraordinary to the court
of Vienna, to consult with the ministers of Joseph the Emperor,
the invasion of Provence, or Dauphine, in France, in conjunction
with our fleet, at that time in the Mediterranean sea, under the
command of Sir Cloudesley Shovell.

He afterwards set out for Turin, where he arrived on June
6 tli, 1707, and two days after1' conferred with Victor Amadeus,
Duke of Savoy, and Prince Eugene j and on June 24th, proceed-
ing on his embassy to Venice, was received by that republic with
the highest honours, having had a full knowledge of his Lord-
ship's munificence, and polite demeanor, during his former resi-
dence with them. He made his public entry on September 21st,
(N. S.) 1707^ with that grandeur and magnificence, which shewed
his great accomplishments, and that the glory of the British
nation was not to be excelled ; and after a year's stay there, re-
turned to England in December, 17O83 soon after which, he was
sworn a privy counsellor of Great Britain, as before saidj but
during the remainder of the Queen's reign, his Lordship was no
further employed.

On the accession of George I. he was continued ' Lord Lieu-

• Hist, of England, vol ill - p. 791, 792. f Ibid.

e Annals of Queen Anne, year 6th, p. 68.

* Ibid. p. 7>. * Bill Signat. 1 Geo. I.

86 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

tenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Huntingdon, also
sworn of his privy-council, and was one of the gentlemen of his
Majesty's bed-chamber -, and finally, in consideration of his great
services, was created Duke of Manchester, by letters patent
bearing date April 30th, 1719.

His Grace married Dodington, the youngest of the two
daughters, and coheirs, of Robert Grevile, Lord Brook, who died
before him on February 6th, 172-, and his Lordship deceasing on
January 20th, 1/21-2, they both were deposited in a vault, in
which the bodies of many of his noble ancestors lie, in the
church of Kimbolton in Huntingdonshire.

They had issue William and Robert, successively Dukes of
Manchester.

Lady Anne Montagu, who died unmarried.

Lady Dodington Montagu, who was unfortunately burnt to
death at her house in Lower Grosvenor-street, London, January
8th, 1774, aged eighty years, k unmarried.

Lady Elizabeth Montagu.

Lady Charlotte Montagu, married to Pattee, second Lord Vis-
count Torrington, and died 1759-

William, second Duke of Manchester, was born in
France, A. D. 1700, at the time of his father's embassy, and on
November 6th, 1722, took the usual oaths as Lord Lieutenant
and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Huntingdon. He was
one of the lords of the bedchamber to George I. also one of the
Knights companions of the order of the Bath, He enjoyed the
same honours under George II. at whose coronation, October
11th, 1727, he bore the golden spurs, for the Earl of Essex,
between the Dukes of Montagu and Kent j and in October, 1737,
he was constituted captain of the yeomen of the guard. His
Grace married, on April 6th, 1723, the Lady Isabella, eldest
daughter to John, Duke of Montagu, but had no issue by her.
Her Grace after married to Edward Hussey, of the kingdom of
Ireland, Ebq. who thereupon took the name of Montagu, and was
afterwards created Baron and Earl Beaulieu, but died without
surviving issue, in 1802. His Grace departing this life at the Bath,
(where he went for the recovery of his health) on October 21st,
J 739, was succeeded by his only brother and heir,

JIobert, third Duke of Manchester, who was elected^

k Coffin plat$.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 8/

one of the knights of the shire for the county of Huntingdon, in
the parliament summoned to meet on June 13th, 1734, and was
vice chamberlain to her late Majesty Queen Caroline. On his
brother's decease, he was constituted Lord Lieutenant and Custos
Rotulorum of the county of Huntingdon, and made one of the
lords of his Majesty's bed-chamber.

On the accession of his present Majesty, he was re-appointed
Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of Huntingdonshire:
and on settling the household of the present Queen Charlotte,
his Grace received, on August 24th, 1761, the golden key, as
chamberlain to her Majesty 5 in which station he walked at the
procession at her coronation, on September 22d, that year, and
departed this life on May 10th, 1762. His Grace, on April 3d,
1735, wedded Harriot, daughter and coheir of Edmund Dunch,
of Little Wittenham in Berkshire, Esq. master of the household
to Queen Anne, by Elizabeth, daughter of colonel Charles God-
frey, by Arabella Churchill, sister to John Duke of Marlborough:
and by her Grace, who died on February 25th, 1755, had two
sons and two daughters, vizi George, his successor.

Lord Charles Grevyle, who was born on May 29th, 1741,
and on his brother's accession to the peerage, was elected, in his
room, a knight of the shire for Huntingdon j but vacated his
seat by accepting the government of South Carolina. He died in
January 1784, having married Elizabeth, daughter of captain
James Ballmer, of Huntingdonshire, and sister of Thomas Ballmer
of London, merchant: she died December 2pth, 1774, leaving
two children. Charles, who died unmarried, a captain in the
second regiment of foot, about 1792 5 and Caroline, now
living.

Lady Caroline, born on February 19th, 1735 6, was one of
the ten unmarried daughters of Dukes and Earls, who supported
Queen Charlotte's train at her nuptials, on September 8th, 1761,
and married July 17th, 1775, to Charles Herbert, Esq. captain in
the navy, brother to the Earl of Carnarvon j but has no issue.

And Lady Louisa, born in July 1740, and died young.

George, fourth Duke of Manchester, was born April
6th, 1737, succeeded hisfather 1762. In 1763, he was appointed
a lord of the bed-chamber 5 and in 1780, master of the horse to
his Majesty. He married October 23d, 17<32, Elizabeth, eldest
daughter of Sir James Dashwood, of Oxfordshire, Bart, by whom
he had,

m PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

First, George, born November 11th, 1763, died February 23d,
*772-1

Second, George James, born July 31st, 1769, died May 1/th,
1770. m

Third, Caroline Maria, born August 10th, 1770, n married,
July 24th, 179O, the present Duke of Montrose.

Fourth, William, & the present Duke, born October 21st,

1771.

Fifth, Lord Frederic, p formerly in the foot guards, and late
M. P. for Huntingdonshire.

Sixth, Anna Maria, Henrietta, born October 29th, 17/7, died
April 12th, 1 796.1

Seventh, Amelia, born March 18th, 1783. r

His Grace died September 2d, 1788, and was succeeded by
his eldest son, the present Duke.

His Grace married, October 7th, 1793, Lady Susan Gordon,
daughter of the Duke of Gordon, by whom he has a daughter,
born November 22d, 1794; another daughter born December
13th, 1795 j and a son, Viscount Mandeville, born July 9th,
3799-} another son born August 5th, 1800; a third son born
March 1803 j and a third daughter born September 24th, 1804.

His Grace was in 1808, appointed governor of Jamaica. He
is also collector, outwards, of the customs in the port of London.

Titles. William Montagu, Duke and Earl of Manchester,
Viscount Mandeville, Baron Montagu of Kimbolton, Lord Lieu-
tenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Huntingdon.

Creations. Baron Montagu of Kimbolton in com. Hunt-*
ingdon, and Viscount Mandeville (the name of a family) De-
cember 19th, 1620, 18 Jac. I. Earl of Manchester, in com. Lane.
February 5th, 1624, 1 Car. J. and Duke of the same place, April
30th, 1719,5 Geo. I.

Arms. Quarterly, first and fourth, Argent, three lozenges
conjoined in fess, Gules, within a border, Sable, writh a crescent for
difference, for Montagu -, second and third, Or, an eagle dis-
played, Vert, beeked and membered, Gules, for Monthermer.

Qrest* On a wreath, a griphon's head coupe, Or, wings in-

Lysons's Env. vol Hi p zj$.

m Ibid.

■ Ibid. , ° I bin.

p Ibid.

r Ibid.

8 Ibid.

DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 8(*

dorsed, Sable, gorged with a collar, Argent, charged with three
lozenges, Gules.

Supporters. On the dexter side, an antelope, Or, armed,
crested and hoofed, Argent 5 on the sinister, a griphon of the
first, gorged with a collar, Argent, charged with three fusils,
Gules.

Motto. Disponendo me, non mutando me.
k Chief Seat. At Kimbolton Castle, in the county of Hunt-
ingdon, seven miles from that town, and forty-seven from,
London.

90 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

SACKV1LLE, DUKE OF DORSET.

The Sackvilles are eminent for their undoubted antiquity ; but,
what is much better, they have been eminent for ages also for
their genius, and intellectual accomplishments.

It is evident as well from the Norman historians as other au-
thorities, that this family was of noble extraction in Normandy,
and denominated from a town and seignory of their name in that
province of which they were owners.

Herbrand de Salkavilla occurs in Ordericus Vitalis, a as resident
in Normandy in 1079, whither he is said to have returned, after
having accompanied the Conqueror to England. He had three
sons, Sir Jordan de Sackville, Sir William, and Sir Robert j and a
daughter Avice, married to Walter, son of Gilbert, founder of the
monastery of Alfage in Normandy, by whom she was mother of
twelve children, whereof only four survived her, viz. Richard,
Jordan, Walter, and Helias, who were in ward to Henry I. who
granted the custody of them to Jordan de Salchevilla their uncle,
who honourably maintained them four years. b

The said c Sir Jordan de Sackvill was Sewer of England, by
grant of William the Conqueror, but lesided in Normandy, where
he died.

Sir William Sackvill, the second son of Herbrand, was resi-
dent in England, and possessed d lands in Braxted, Neyland, and
Bures ad Montem in Essex, with e one knight's fee in Falley, &c.
in Buckinghamshire. He f had issue by Albreada, his wife, a

* Hist, Norman, p. 605.; b Orel Vit- p. 607.

e Ex Stemmate, praed. ri Lib. Rub, in Scaccar.

• Ex Chart. Peytonorum- f Lib Abb. dc Colcest M S.

DUKE OF DORSET. pi

son, Sir William Sackvill, and three daughters, who on the son's
decease were his heirs, viz. Hodierna, married to Matthew de
Gernon; Agnes, to Richard de Anestye ; and Beatrix * to William
de Glanvil, Lord of Bromholme, in the reign of Henry J. and the
founder of the church there.

The issue male of the said Sir William de Sackville thus ex-
piring, Sir Robert de Sackville, third son of Herhrand, con-
tinued the line, and is the direct ancestor to his Grace the present
Duke of Dorset. He was the h first of the witnesses to a charter
of King Stephen, whilst he was but Earl of Morteign, wherein he
gave the church of Lillechurch to the monks of St. John of Col-
chester j and his name is there wrote Robertus de Salkavilla. Of
this Robert it is related, that being beyond the seas, and purposing
to come ■ to England with the children of Henry I. it so chanced
that the Earl of Morteign, when they should have weighed anchor
and put to sea, was, on a sudden, troubled with a looseness in his
body, and thereupon he left the ship and went ashore, together
with two knights, Sir Robert de Sackville, and Walter, who by
that means were preserved, the rest being no sooner at sea, but
the ship wrecked on November 26th, 1 llg, and they all perished,
except one, (a butcher) which was occasioned by the excessive
drinking of the mariners on board. This Sir Robert Sackville,
that same year, 20 Henry I. k held the manors of Bergholt, Bures
on the hill, and Alfemunston, in Essex, also the manors of Rish-
angel, Wytham, Melys, Clopton, Briswood, Coton, Drockford,
Rudham, Fornham, Faltham, and Wickham, in Suffolk ; by the
service of one knight's fee of the honour of Eye ; and was also
seized of another fee in Mendham, in the same county, as a plea
jn 12 Henry III. shews. l

At length beholding the calamity of the state in the reign of
KingStephen, andthtnkipgit time to leave offall thought of secular
affairs, he professed himself a monk™ in the monastery of St.
John at Colchester, as his grant' to that convent shews ; whereby
he gave to the monks there, for ever, his manor of Wickham
before mentioned, with the consent of his sons and his wife, and
by the advice of the archbishop of Canterbury, and the bishops of

e Weever's Funeral Monuments, edit. 1613, p 857.

* Lib- Abb de Colcest. MS- p. 20.

* Orderic. Vital in Hist. Norman, p 870.

k Antiq Lib Honoris de Eye penes M. Gray Seneschalum ejusd. Honoris.

1 Plac 12 Hen. III. Rot- 9 m. 12- a Lib. Colcest- ut antea.

92 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

London and Norwich : whereunto signed as witnesses, Earl
Eustace, son of the King, Ingellus, Chancellor, Jordan de Salka-
villa, and Stephen his brother, sons of the said Sir Robert Sack-
ville ; and after his death he was buried in the said monastery.

His wife was Lettice, daughter of Sir Henry Woodvil, Knight,n
by whom he had also two other sons, Nigell, and Helias de Sack-
ville.

Nigell de Sackville ° was excommunicated by Thomas
Becket, archbishop of Canterbury. Rapin mentions this parti-
ticular in his history of the reign of Henry II. and speaking of
the arrogance of that prelate, he says,

" Mounting his archiepiscopal chair on Christmas day, (1170*
four days before his murder) he solemnly excommunicated Nigell
de Sackville, and Robert Brock, both distinguished for their birth
and high posts. He accused the former of unjustly detaining a
manor belonging to the archbishopric, and the latter of having
cut off the tail of a horse that was carrying provisions to his
palace."

Helias de Sackville was a witness to Gilbert Earl of Clare's
grant of the church of Tunbridge to the monks of Lewes.

Sir Jordan de Sackville, the eldest, living in the reigns of
King Stephen and King Henry II. was a Baron. He p confirmed
the grant which his father Sir Robert Sackville made of the
manor of Wickham to the priory of St. John in Colchester, and
added other lands of his own free gift, being wrote * Jordanus de
Saukevil miles, Baro de Bergholt Saukevil, Jilius et hceres Roberti
Saukevil.

He r was also a benefactor to the abbot and convent of Gris-
tine in Normandy, and a witness to s William Mareschal Earl of
Pembroke's grant to Carmele priory, in com. Lane. l as also to
Barth. de Glanville's confirmation of lands to Bromholme priory,
in com. Norf. He took to wife" Hela, daughter of Ralph de
Den (and coheir to her brother Robert) lord of the manor of
Buclihurst, who gave with her, on her marriage, a hide of land
in Waldene, with the church of the said vill, and common of
pasture in Sud park, near Chalventune; also the land which
Robert Fraunceis held of Sutton's fee, the manor of Saperton, and

n Ex Stemmate, prasd. • Lib. Prior, de Lewes.

» Lib. Colcest. ut supra. <i Weever's Fun. Monuments, p. 613.

«• Dugdale's Monast vol ii p 983. « Ibid, p 301.

* Ibid p 633. u Ex Charta Rad de Dene in Stemmate.

DUKE OF DORSET. 93

a yard land in Chalventune, with the mansion thereto belonging;
and Geyle in Normandy, together with all his right in that
country. The said Ralph de Den was grandson of Robert Pin-
cerna, x who was living in the twentieth year of William the
Conqueror, y and held in Chalventune six knight's fees, whereof
the manors of Buckhurst, Claverham, Buggeley, Horsey, and
Ombeford, are parcel. All which manors the said Hela brought
to her husband j and in her widowhood z being wrote Ela de
Saukeville, daughter of Ralph de Dene, gives licence to the abbot
and convent of Otteham for canons of the Praemonstratenses, in
Kent, to translate their convent to Begeham, a in the same county,
and confirms to them all those lands which her father gave them;
viz. the lordship of Otteham, with the chapel, the land called
Dudintone and Thome ; as also the land called Telletone, which
her brother Robert gave them. She likewise grants, to the said
convent, the land which Fulkeri held of her father in Sherford,
and Megham Marsh, in the same manner as her great uncle
Ralph Dene held it ; and all that marsh which was Wluricus's,
and the New Marsh, as much as belonged to the said Ralph
Dene j whereunto her son Jeffrey de Saukeville was a witness.
Which fabric at Begeham, was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin
Mary, b and was, for some ages, the burial place of the family.

This Ela had issue Jordan de Saukeville, Richard, Jeffery,
Ralph, Guy, and Warrent, who was a witness0 to the charter of
William Sidney, chamberlain to Henry II. And Ralph Sackville,
the third son, was Lord of Thorp, in Leicestershire, which now
retains the name of Thorp Sachevill, as Burton has observed in
his Antiquities of Leicestershire, p. 286.

Sir Jordan de Saukeville, the eldest son, is mentioned to be
a Baron in the d charter of King Richard I. signed at Birmingham
(which, as customary in those times, is without date) granting to
the monks of Bordesley, in Buckinghamshire, divers privileges.
In 2 John, he obtained for himself, and his heirs, a weekly market
on Fridayj and once a year, a fair on the feast of St. John
Baptist, in his town of Sauquevill (as it was then wrote) in Nor-

x Hist. Norman p 1030. y Lib. Prior de Lewes, ut supra.

2 Monast. Ang. vol. ii. p. 637, and Weever's Fun. Monuments, Edit. 1631,.
p 318.

• Now Bayham, the seat of Earl Camden.

fc Weever's Monuments, p 319. c Ex Eviden. Rob. Com. Leicest.

d MS. in Bib. Cotton not. Julius, C. 7. p. zz.

e Cart. Norman, a Jon n- 18.

94 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

mandy. He married dementia, f daughter of Alberic Vere, Earl
of Oxford, but died without issue, in Q John. s And she was
secondly married to Viel Engayne, a noble Baron, who, in 27
Henry III. h obtained a pardon from the King of a fine of thirty
marks j which his father, Viel Engayne, was to pay to the
King, as a debt that dementia de Saukvill owed for the land
called Hoo.

Richard de Saukeville, brother of Sir Jordan, succeeded,
and was1 also a Baron, but left no issue, so that the estate de-
volved on Sir Jeffery de Saukeville, third son of Jordan, who,
with, Ralph his brother (bearing the surname of Marsey) both
lived in the reign of King John, and incurring the King's dis-
pleasure, had their estates seized* for k regaining whereof, and the
King's favour, he paid a fine of three thousand marks. The said
Ralph, in 5 Henry III. was possessed of Thorp Sachevile in Lei-
cestershire, so called from ] his ancestor, who held it by gift of
the Conqueror.

Guy de Sackville, another of the sons of the said Jordan, m
was dead in the reign of Henry III. his heir being then found to
hold six knights fees in Chalvington, in the county of Sussex.

The before mentioned Sir Jeffery Saukeville confirmed n the
grants of Jordan his father, and Robert his grandfather, made, as
aforesaid, to the abbey of St. John Baptist in Colchester,0 and
held the manor of Buckhurst, the knight's fee of the honour of
Eye, and a knight's fee p in Mendham, as in right of descent from
his ancestors. He also confirmed, to the abbey of Begeham, the
gifts 9 of his grandfather Ralph de Dene, Robert his uncle, and
Ela his mother, viz. his grandfather's grant of the lordship of
Otteham, with the chapel of the same place 5 his uncle's gift of
the land called Telletune j and his mother Ela's grant of the land
at Thorne, and the land called Twisel and Forestrete. He had
issue r by his wife Constance, daughter of Sir Edmund Brooke,
Knight, Jordan, Guy, and Joan Sackville, married to William St.
Leger, of an ancient family in Kent. Robert de Sechevil was
probably his son also, to whom King John, in the fifth year of his

f Ex Stemmate. « Claus 9 Joh.

h Rot. Claus 27 Hen. Ill- m 9. » Lib. Rub. inScaccario.

k Oblata Curiae, 9 Joh. dors. m. 11. ' Burton's Leicest. p, 286.

m MS. not Julius, C 7 p. 16. in Bibl Cotton.

n Lib. Colcest. • Lib. Rub in Scac.

p Placita, 12 Henry III. rot. 9. m. 12.

1 Monast. Ang. vol. ii. p.637. r Ex Semmatc-

DUKE OF* DORSET. 95

reign, which commenced on April 6th, 1199, granted, in consi-
deration of his services, the manor of Braunton, which Odo de
Karriou held of the King : * and two years after, the said Robert
gave a fine of fifty marks, and a palfrey, to the King, for the land
which was Odo de Cairiou's in Braunton. In the twelfth year
of the same reign, t the men of Braunton gave a fine of 10 1, that
Robert de Sechevil might not distrain them to do him any other
customs than they used to do whilst they were in the King's
hands. In the eighth year of King John, Robert de Sechevil gave
a mark to have judgment in the King's court, u who made the
last presentation to the church of Twyford.

The eldest son, Jordan Saukeville, was a man not only
wealthy, but potent amongst the nobility ; x and being himself a
Baron, sided with those who were against King John; for which
disloyalty he fared as his father had done, and lost his lands in
Ireland ; but when King Henry III. was settled on the throne,
Gilbert de Mareschal, Justice * of Ireland, had orders to deliver
full seizin to his beloved and faithful Jordan de Saukevill, of his
lands of Clannelly, Clanbeg, Arglas, and Holywood, with all the
appurtenances j and all his chattels, or the price of them, accord-
ing to the inventory at the time of the seizure by his father King
John, dated at Winchester, April 4th, 1217. For that he found
him always wise, and willing to win the rest of the nobility to a
dutiful subjection and acknowledgment of sovereign authority.
This is, without doubt, the same Sir Jordan de Saukvill, who,
anno 1215, siding with the Barons, was by them elected and *
sworn, to see the liberties of Magna Charta performed, and such
articles as were then agreed to with the King, who finding him-
self not able to resist the Barons, consented, ' ' that they should
choose grave and honourable persons, who should have power
and authority to see those things performed, which he then
granted to them, and to compel every one to the observing of
them.

In l6th of King John, he gave a fine of one hundred marks
to have a prcecipe for his wife's inheritance ; a and whether he
withdrew his suit, or agreed it, or got the lands by judgment,

* Lib. 5 Joh m- 6 Fin. 7. Joh. m. 4.

t Rot. 13 Joh Rot. 10, 6, Devonscira.

* Rot 8 Joh Rot. 1 War. and Leicest. * Hollinshed, p. 186.

y Claus 1 Henry III, p. 2, m. 19.
. « Matth Paris, Hist, of Eng. p zdz- Hollinshed, p. 186.
» Rot- 16 Joh Norf. and Sudf.

gO PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

he was to pay the said hundred marks to the King : b for in those
days, a considerable revenue accrued to the crown by fines paid
on account of proceedings at law, and fines to have justice and
right.

This Sir Jordan, by his charter c without date, confirmed to
Roger le Noble all the lands, &c. which he held of him in the
parish of IFydihamme (as it was then wrote) paying to him and
his heirs five shillings at the four terms of the year, and suit of
court to his manor of Bochurst, &c. whereunto was appendant
a seal of the same arms the family now bear, circumscribed
S. IORDANI DE SAVKEVIL.

He had issue by Maud his wife, daughter of ... . Normanvil,
three sons, William, Philip, and Bartholomew de Saukevil, living
in 25 Henry III. whose posterity died seized of the manor of d
Falley, in com. Bucks, with other lands, as the inquisition shews,
taken in 2 Edward II. And Philip de Sacheville (as e the name
is wrote in the grant) with Maud his wife, were possessed of the
manor and several lands and tenements in Saundon, in the county
of Hereford, which they granted to the Dean and Chapter of St.
Paul's, London, as several deeds shew, particularly a mandate
dated at London, on the morrow after St. Simon and Jude, 1261,
to his tenants of Saundon, to be accountable for the time to come
to the said Dean and Chapter, for their rents and services due to
him. By which donation to that church, it is probable he had no
issue.

William de Saukvil, eldest son of the said Jordan, was not
of age at the time of his father's decease ; and thereby became
the King's ward. He was Lord of Saukvil, Bergholt, Buck-
hurst, &c.

His uncle Guy de Saukvile, f by grant of his brother Jordan,
for the use of the said William, son of the said Jordan his brother,
had lands in Chalvington, Bochurst, and Pevensell, which he
settled on the said William de Sackville, and Clara, his wife,
daughter of Matthew de Hastings, and the heirs of their bodies.
This William died before 19 Henry III. 5 for in that year, Jordan
de Saukavil (as it was then wrote) his son and heir having been
in the s guardianship of Edeline, late wife of Gilbert de Aquila,

b Maddox's Exchequer, p. 298.

c Cart J. de Saukevil, in Stem, praedict. <* Esc. 2 Edw. II. n. 8z.

■ Ex Cart, penes Dec. et Capit. Sti Pauli, No. 1237, and 1239.

f Ex Chart. Guy de Saukvil.

e Claus. 19 Hen. III. Sussex, et Placita, 18 Hen III. Rot. 25. Sussex.

DUKE OF DORSET. Q?

who had the manors, &c. of the said Jordan assigned for her
dower, and being then dead, the King grants the wardship of
the said Jordan, and his lands, to Ralph, son of Nicholas his
steward.

This Jordan de Saukavil was h summoned in 40 Henry III.
to take the degree of knighthood, or line for the same. And
being in arms ' with the rebellious Barons, was taken prisoner in
the battle of Evesham, August 4th, 1205, and departed this k life,
in 1 Edward I. leaving issue by Margery his wife1 (daughter and
coheir of Sir Robert de Aguillon, sheriff of Sussex, temp. Hen. III.)
Andrew, his son and heir, and was seized of the manors of Berg-
holt and Bures, in Essex ; as also of the manor of Aminton, in
Oxfordshire, the manors of Buckhurst, Chalveton, and Buggtley,
in Sussex. On an inquisition of the extent of the manor of Boc-
hurst, made on February 1 5th, the day after the feast of St.
Valentine, 127-3-4, it was found by the jury, that Jordan de
Sakeville held the manor of Bochurst (as then wrote) of the
barony of the Eagle, by knights service, containing two knights
fees j m and that Andrew de Sakeville was his son and heir, and
of the age of nineteen years ai the death of his father, who died
on the Tuesday before the feast of the annunciation of the Virgin
Mary, 12/3, and that the same day, the bailiffs of the Queen
came and seized the said manor for the use of the Queen. And
they say further, " that the said Jordan held six knights fees of
the honour of Pevensee, and two knights fees belonging to the
barony of Montacute."

The said Andrew being under age at his father's decease,
and the King, having the guardianship of him, ordered n him to
be kept in custody of Stephen de Penecester, constable of Dover
Castle, where he remained two years, and ° then, by the media-
tion of his friends, obtained his enlargement ; but was withal
enjoined by the King's especial p command, to marry, without
dower, one Ermyntrude, an honourable Lady of the household to
Queen Eleanor, ^ and daughter of Sir Roger Malyns, having
thereby not only his liberty, but thenceforward the King's favour.
In 1276, he was summoned1 to attend the King at Worcester,

* MS. not B. 5 p. 64, in Bibl. Joh. Anstis, Arm.

i Esc 49 Hen. Ill n. 107. Inq. post Bellum de Evesham.

k Pat. 2 Edw I m 20. 1 Plac. de Banco, 25 Edw. I rot 23-

°* Pat- 2 Edw I m 20. „ Esc 3 Edw. I. n 26.

o Fuller's Worthies in Sussex, p. 92
p Libertate, 3 Edw, I m 12. » Ex Stemmate

r E. Lib. MS. not. B. 5. in Bibl. Joh Anstis Arm.
VOL. II. H

98 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

with horse and arms, according to the service he owed for one
knight's fee in Rungeton, in Oxfordshire, to go against Llewellin,
Prince of Wal^s, and his accomplices, then in arms. Which ser-
vice he acknowledged before Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Here-
ford, constable of England, and Roger Bigot, Earl of Norfolk,
Earl Marshal. In the succeeding year,8 he was summoned
among those of the county of Sussex, who holding a knight's fee,
or land of 20/. per ann. were called to receive the honour of
knighthood. In 21 Edward I. he attended on the King at the
siege of Calais, where * in consideration of his services, he ob-
tained a grant of free warren, in his manors of Amington, in the
county of Oxford, Bures-ad-Montem, and Bergholt, in the county
of Essex, Bockherst (as then wrote) Chalvington, Claverham,
Chiddinglegh, Boggelegh, Southery, Godlegh and Sond, in the
county of Sussex $ which grant bears date at Calais. He died
before 12Q7, for then the Lady Ermyntrude, his u widow, holding
20/. land in Sussex, was summoned to send one well accoutered
with horse and arms, to be at London on Sunday, after the octaves
of St. John Baptist, to go with the King beyond the seas, for their
honour, and the preservation and profit of the kingdom. He was
succeeded by his son, a second Sir Andrew Saukvil, of Buckhurst,
Knight.

Which Sir Andrew, also in 25 Edward I. x received sum-
mons to attend the King beyond the seas, well acqputered with
horse and arms, for lands he held in Suffolk and Norfolk. Also
in 29 Edward I. was y summoned, with other great men, to at-
tend the King at Berwick on Tweed, on the feast of St. John
Baptist's nativity, well appointed with horse and arms, to march
against the Scots. In 32 Edward I. he had, for his good services
in Scotland, az confirmation grant of free warren in all his lands
at Emyngton, in Oxfordshire, &c. dated at Stryvelin, (Stirling)
July 28th. He received the honour of knighthood in 1306, a
34 Edward I. when that Prince, for augmenting the glory of his
intended expedition into Scotland, did, at Whitsuntide, begirt
Edward, Earl of Caernarvon, his eldest son, with the military-
belt, and thereupon the young Prince, immediately, at the high
altar in Westminster Abbey, conferred the same honour on near

* MS ut antea, p. 114. t Rot. Libertat. 21 Edward I. m. zi.

u MS. in Bibl. Cotton, sub Effig. Claudius, C. 2.

x Ibid. p. 91. y Rymer's Foedera.

■ Chart 32 Edw. I. p. 1. n. 39. ■ Ashmole's Order of the Garter, p, 37.

X

DUKE OF DORSET. 99

three hundred more, the sons of Earls, Barons, and Knights ; and
after attended the King in his expedition that year into Scotland.
The said Sir Andrew took to \vifeb Joan, daughter of c Roger de
Mortimer, and dying in the ninth d year of Edward II. left issue
a son, of his own name.

Which Andrew, on proof of his age, e was found to be born
at Emyngton in Oxfordshire, on September 28th, 1306, and was
baptised there the day following, in the church of St. Nicholas.
He followed the wars of France with Edward the Black Prince, f
and received the honour of knighthood before 1334, 8 Edw. III.
when I find him a knight, and one of s the sureties (which John,
Earl of Cornwall, the King's brother) for Nicholas Usus Maris
(Husey) safe keeping of the castle of Bourdeaux, and that he
should well and faithfully discharge the office of constable of
Bourdeaux, &c. In 17h Edward III. this Sir Andrew, and Sir
John Fienes, were in commission to view and order the repair of
the banks, &:c. on the coasts of Sussex. In 34 Edward III. he
was returned one of the four' knights for that county, to the
parliament then held. In 41 Edward III he was sheriff of
Sussex k and Surry, then a post of great trust ; and in the suc-
ceeding year, being again returned to parliament for l Sussex, he
and John Waleys, the other knight, had 10/. allowed them for
their expences in attending twenty-five days. He departed this
life onm Monday after September 22d, the feast of St. Mary Mag-
dalen, 1370, and was buried in Christ Church, London.

He ° married three wives, Joan, sister and heir of John de la
Beeche, by whom he had Sir Andrew Sackville, Knight, (who
died before him, and by his wife Alice, daughter of Sir John
Walleis, Knight, left no issue) also John Sackvill, second son, of
Debenham Sackville in the county of Suffolk, who took to wife
Agnes, daughter of Sir Thomas Hoo, Knight, and died likewise
without issue, his wife surviving (who secondly married John
Gobat,P lastly to John Nevil, and died in 7 Henry IV.) whereby
the manor of Debenham devolved on Thomas Sackville, his

b Ex Stemmate. c St. George's MSS. Baronage.

d Esc. 9 Edw. II. « Ibid.

f Vincent's Review of York's 2d Edit. p. 681.

c Rymer's Fcedera, vol. iv. p. 632. h Pat. 17 Edw. III. p. 2. m. 6.

1 Pryn's brev. Pari. p. 91. k Fuller's Worthies, p. 92.

1 Pryn's fourth part of a brief Reg. p. 277. "> Esc. 44. Edw. III.

a Stow's Survey of London, p 347. 0 Ex Stemmate.

p Apparatus Gencal. MS. p.32. in Bibi. Harley.

ioo peerage of England.

brother. The said Sir Andrew, by Maud his third wife, had no
issue, but by his second, Joan, daughter of .... Bnrgeis, he had*!
a daughter Alice, married to John le Zouch of Sidenham, in com-
Oxon and a son, Thomas Sackville, who succeeded to the estate
of his ancestors.

Which Thomas Sackville, possessing Amington in Oxford-
shire, and Fawley1* in Buckinghamshire, was chosen one of the
representatives of the last county in parliament, in the first year
of Richard II. being then a knight j whereby it is probable he
obtained that honour by his services in the wars in the reign of
King Edward III. He likewise served for the same county of
Buckingham, in several s other parliaments, to the eighteenth year
of that King, when he was returned for Sussex, and again in
21 Richard II. He was sheriff of Sussex1 and Surrey in the
seventh of King Henry IV. u and served the victorious Henry V.
in his wars in France j and in the eighth of his reign, x was in
commission to array all men at arms, archers, &c. in the county
of Sussex, for the service of the King in his wars. This Sir
Thomas made his will on December 1st, 1432, and died soon
after, as the probat thereof shews, dated the l6th of the same
month and year.

By which y testament, writing himself " Thomas Sakevyle,
Miles, de com. Sussex, he wills his body to be buried in the choir
of the conventual church of Beyghatn, and bequeaths to the abbot
and convent eighty marks, beside twenty in their hands owing to
him ; whereof five marks to be distributed to every chanon of the
church, and every priest of the samej 20s. to every deacon and
sub- deacon, and 10s. to every nun ; on condition they be every
one enjoined in their celebration of obsequies, vigils, orations, and
other works of charity and contemplation, to mention him and
Margaret his wife, his father and mother, all his ancestors and be-
nefactors and all the faithful deceased ; and the residue of the
eighty marks to be distributed by his executors, to pay the debts
of the said abbey and convent. He bequeaths to the church of
St. Richard of Chichester 20s. to the church of St. Christopher of
Canterbury 20$. to the friers predicants of Winchelsey, 10s. and
to the brothers minors of the same, 10s. to the brothers of Lewes,.

q Weever's Mon. p. 319. r Pryn's Brev. Parliam. p. 14, and 106.

* Pryn's Brev. Parliam. p. 91, and 131. t Fuller's Worthies, p. 93.
" Vincent on Brook, p. 681. x Pat. 8 Hen. V. p. ii

y Ex Regist. vocat. Luffenham, p. 13*, in Cur. Praerog. Cant.

DUKE OF DORSET. 101

6s. 3d. to the brothers Augustin of Rye, 6s. 8d. and to the brothers
Carmelites of the same, the like sum.

'* He further wills to fifty poor virgins (such as his executors
should elect) 135. Ad. each, towards their marriages; and to
Edward Sackville his son, all his goods in his house and ward-
robe, &c. with all his manors, lauds, &c."

' Margaret, his wife, was daughter of Sir Edward Dalingruge,
of Bodyam Castle in Sussex, Knight, and sister and coheir of Sir
John Dalingruge. And the said Sir Edward, z was grandson and
heir of John Dalingruge, of Dalingruge in Sussex, by Joan his wife,
daughter and heir of Walter de la Lynde, of Bolebroke, by Joan
his wife, aunt, and one of the heirs of Philip de Nrvile, and
daughter of Hugh de Nevile, by his wife, daughter and one of
the heirs of Alice de Curcy, and Warren .Fitzgerald, a noble
Baron, and Chamberlain to King John. And the said Alice de
Curcy was sister and heir of John de Curcy, Earl of Ulster, in
Ireland, son and heir of William de Curcy, Baron of Stoke Curcy,
in the reign of Henry II. lineally descended from a Richard de
Curcy, a noble Norman, living anno IO9O, in the time of Robert,
second Duke of Normandy. According to Kennet's Parochial
Antiquities, p. 565, this Sir Thomas Sackville had another wife,
Cecily, relict of John Rede, ancestor to the Redes of Borstal,
Bucks.

The issue of the said Sir Thomas Sackville, by the before
mentioned Margaret Dalingruge, became heirs to all the said
noble families, and in her right possessed the manors of Daling-
ruge, Bodyam, with the castle, Bolebroke, &c. and his Grace the
Duke of Dorset, has a right to quarter their arms with his own.

Their issue were, first, Andrew, whob died on the feast of
the Virgin Mary, in 9 Henry IV. leaving (by Agnes his wife,
daughter of Thomas Lewknor, Esq.) Andrew, his son and heir,
one year and a half old, who was living at his grandfather's de-
cease, but died without issue. The said Agnes took to her second
husband, Richard Mill of Gretham, Esq. and afterwards wedded
William Kighley.

Second, Richard, living in 15 Richard II. c but died without
issue, ind 1524, and was buried in our Ladies Chapel at Beyg-
ham, as did two other sons, William and John ; whereby the

a EX Stemmate. » Orderic. Vital, p. 691, 69a,

* Esc. 9 Hen. IV. c Banco Rot. 15 Ric. II.

4 Wecver's Funeral Mon. p. ^19.

102 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

estate descended to Edward, fourth son of the said Sir Thomas
Sackville, e wh;> had also four daughters, Joan, Catharine, Alice,
married to Reginald Malyn of Chynor in Oxfordshire, Esq. and
Elizabeth, to William St. John, of the county ot Sussex. Esq.

The said Edward Sackville, fourth son, surviving his father,
was heir to his lands unsettled, and also succeeded his nephew in
bis estate. He released all his right in Bodyam castle, to the heir of
his mother's sister. And having taken to wife Margaret, daughter
of Richard Wakehurst, of Wakehurst in Sussex, Esq. departed
this f life on Tuesday before Christmas, 1459, leaving Humphrey
his son and heir, fourteen years of age and upwards, and was
buried at Withiam.

Which Humphrey Sackville being under the guardianship of
Thomas Hoo, William Gainsford, and Richard Wakehurst, Esqrs.
they covenanted, 12Maij, 1453, with Sir Thomas Brown, Knight,
chamberlain of the household to King Henry VI. that the said
Humphrey should marry Catharine, daughter of the said Sir
Thomas, on or before the feast of St. Thomas next ensuing.
Which Lady survived him, and he dying on January 24th,
1488-9, was buried at Withiam, under a porphyry stone, with
his effigies in armour, treading on a greyhound, and under him
this inscription in Roman capitals : " Pray for Humfrey Sake-
vyle, Esq. the ivhich discesid the xxiv Day of J any. the yeare of
our Lord God, M°CCCO>LXXXVIII. On whose Soul Jhu have
Mercy: Amen."'&

By the inquisition taken after his death, it appears, that he
died seized of divers manors, lands, &c. in Sussex, Oxfordshire,
and Essex, and that Richard was his son and heir. He had like-
wise two daughters, Elizabeth, and Catharine, as also five other
sons, William, who died in 1508 ; John, who was in the King's
service at Calais, and left a family ; Edward, fourth son, seated at
Dorking in Surry, and by Joan his wife, daughter of- Sir Roger
Kynaston, Knight, left issue William, his son and heir,11 who
married Rose, daughter of Richard Gaynesford, Esq. and died in
Fleet-street, on May 19th, 3 and 4 Phil, and Mar. leaving John,
his son and heir, aged twenty years, then seized of the. manor of
Polesden Lacy, &c. in com. Surr. and married Ann, daughter of
Sir William Harvey, Clarencieux King of Arms,

• Ex Stemmate. r Esc. 29 Hen: VI.

* It is engraved in Collins's English Baronage, 1727,410. vol. i. p. 39c.

k Cole's Esc. MS. lib. i. p. 473, in Bibl. Harley.

DUKE OF DORSET. 103

Richard Sackville was ' twenty-eight years of age and upwards
on his father's decease, and was k sheriff of Surry and Sussex in
the 13th of Henry VII. And the next year, on the King's
calling ' together the three estates of the kingdom, to give their
assent to the peace m<uie with France, he was one who agreed
thereto with the Lord Dacre o* the Sou in, being representatives
of the diocese of Chichester. In 5 Henry VII. he was again
sheriff ot Surry and Sussex. In 5 Henry VIH. he was, ns among
other persons of prime quality of the county of Sussex, nominated
by act of parliament, as most discreet persons for assessing and
collecting a subsidy for defraying the expence of taking Terouenne
and Tournay. His last will and testament bears date May 24th,
1524, n wherein " he orders his body to be buried in our Lady isle
of Wicheham, where he was wont to sit. He bequeaths to Isabel
bis wife, the manors of Chittingley, Chalvington, Claverham,
and Bowghley, with all the lands, services, &c. for term of her
life, remainder to John his son and heir. And to Richard his son
an annuity of twenty marks yearly, out of his manor of Emyngton
in Oxfordshire. He bequeaths to his daughter Fitz Williams,
one of his best gilt goblets with a cover, and to every of his Other
daughters one of the same ; and constitutes executors, Isabel his
wife, John his son and heir, Richard his son, and John Raker his
son-in-law, directing that they take on them the administration
of the last testament of Robert Morley, Esq. and do all things
therein, that he was bound to do. To which were witnesses,
Edward Sackville, Richard Getfrey, parson of Wicheham, Margaret
Sackville, and Constance Henege."

He was buried according to his desire ; and a monument is
erected to his memory, exhibiting the effigies of him and his
Lady, kneeling before a desk, he in a surcoat of his arms, and she
with a mantle over her, whereon the arms of Digges are depicted ;
and behind him, the effigies of four sons ; and behind her, the
effigies of six daughters, with this inscription underneath, in
Roman capitals :

" Of your Charitie, I leseche you pray for the Souls of Richard
Sakevile, Esq. and Isabel his uife, one of the daughters of John

i Esc. 4 Hen- VII. n. 40, and 50. k Fuller, prasd. p 92.

1 Rymer's Foed torn XT I. p 711

« Rot. Pari. 31 Dors- in Bibl. Int. Tempi.

n Ex Regist. in Cur, Praerog Cant.

104 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Dyggs of Barham in Kent,0 Esq. Which Richard died xviii day
of July, Anno Dni. Mo. Vc. xxiiii. And the said Isabel died the

.... Day of ... . Ano. Dni. Mo. Vc for whose Soules of

your Charitie every good Creeture in the reverence of Jhu, say a
Pater and an Ave.?

He had issue by the aforesaid Isabel his wife^ (who survived
him) 1st, John ; 2d, Richard, who married a daughter of Thomas
Thatcher, of the county of Sussex, Esq. and left issue Anne, his
only daughter and heir, married to Henry Shelly of Warming-
hurst in Sussex, ancestor to those of the name at that place ;
third, John, (or, according to some authors, William) who was
a priest, and Edward his fourth son. His daughters were, first,
Joan, married to John Parker r of Willingdon in Sussex, Esq. ;
second, Mildred, married to Sir William Fitz-William, of Gains-
park Hall, in com. Essex, Knight, ancestor to the present Earl
Fitz-William; third, Mary, wife of Robert Roberts, of Glasten-
bury in Kent, Esq. ; fourth, Catharine, of Sir John Baker, of
Sisinghurst, Kent, Knight j fifth, Margaret, wedded to Sir Thomas
Palmer; and, sixth, Isabel, the youngest, who was the last prioress
of St. Mary's, Clerkenwell, and living to a great age, died Oc-
tober 21st, 1570, 12 Elizabeth. She bequeathed (by her last
•will) her body to be buried in Clerkenwell church, and ordains
the Lord Buckhurst, her cousin, overseer of her will, if it shall
please his Lordship to take the pains; and was buried, according
to her desire, as this inscription shews.

" His jacet Isabella Sackvile, qucefuit priorissa nuper prior atus
de Clerkenwel, tempore dissolutionis ejusdem prior atus quce fuit
21 Octobris, Ann. Dom. Millesimo quingentesimo septuagesimo ;
et Ann. Reg. Regin. Elisab. Dei Gray &*c. duodecimo."

John Sackville, the eldest son, s was sheriff of the counties of
Sussex and Surry, in the 19th, 32d, and 38th Henry VIII. He *
served in parliament in 4 and 5 Philip and Mary, for East Green-
wich in Kent, which was the only return Greenwich ever made.
It appears by his last will and testament, u that he was possessed

o Ancestor of Sir Dudley Digges, Kt, Master of the Rolls, temp- Char. I.
r It is engraved by Vr. Gucht, in Collins's 4to. Baronage ut supr.

h Ex Stemmate.
«• Arms of Parker, in the Pedigree of Sir Edward Smythe of Es,he in com,
Durham, Bart are B Frettee, Or. over all a Fess, Or. Arms of Diggs, G. on
a Cross, A. Five eagles displ S.

'Fuller, ut antea c Willis's Notitia Parliament, p £6.

u Ex Reg. vocat Cheney, qu 48, in Cur Praerog. Cai.t

DUKE OF DORSET. 105

of the lands of his ancestors, held from the Conquest; and that
in the latter years of his life, he resided at a seat he had at Chid-
dingley, in Sussex. His will also further shews his piety, charity,
and the manner of those times, with his lands, &c. which being
all of his composure, and wrote with his own hand, I shall insert
for the satisfaction of the curious.

" In the name of God the Father, the Sone, and the Holy
Ghoste, three persons, and one God, Savior of the World. I
John Sakville of Chiddingleighe in the countie of Sus«ex, Esq.
this firste day of July, in the yere of our Lorde Jesus Christe, a
thows*ande five hundreth fiftie and sixe, and in the 2d and 3d
yeres of the raigne of owre Soveraigne Lorde and Ladie Philipp
and Marie, by the grace of God, of England, &c. And, at this
time, being in helthe of bodie, and of perfect and hole mynde,
thanked be our Lord of his infinite mercye and grace j and
thorowe his grace and helpe, I do declare, and shew this to be my
very true and last will and testamente, as in this paper written,
every worde with my own hande, shall more truly and plainly
declare and shew, althoughe it be not in all thinges sett oute by
an order of the lawe. And for the true executinge and perform-
ance of the same, I moste wreched sinner, most humblie besech
ower Lorde Jesus Christ, throughe his goodness, I may have the
grace to appoynte and name such of my true, naturall, lovinge
children and friends, to be myne executors, that will to their
power truly and justly execute and performe the same ; so that it
may be both to the welth and profit t of my poore synful sowle,
and discharge of their owne conscience, and charge at the dredfull
daye of judgment, afore owr Lord Jesus Christe, where both I
and they shall surely appere before his excellent Majestic First,
above all earthly things in my most humble and devoute manner,
J give and bequeathe my poore synful sowle unto Allmightie
Jesu, my Maker and Redemer, most humblie beseching his most
exce-lente Majestie, of his most sufficiente mercie and grace,
throughe the mediation and grace of his most holly and blessed
mother Seynte Marie the Virgin, and Sainte John the Baptist,
and all the Saintes in heven, to accept, and take the same unto
his mercie into everlastinge joye and blisse, there perpetually to
reste with Abraham, Isake and Jacob, for ever. Amen. And
my will is, that my poore synful carkase be buried within the
church of Witheam, it I chaunce to change this uncertayne liffe
at Chiddingleigh, or withing xii or xiiii miles of the same, in such
place., as then shall be the moste conveniente by myne executors

106 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

and frendes, if I doe not prepare the place by my liffe. Which
buriall yf it be withoute pompe, or pride, or vayn glorie of this
worlde. So that the most of my goods may be given to the poore
of Withiam, and Harttield, and Chiddingleigh, and other places,
wher my landes lieth, wherewith I have had lyvinge. And as
soon as it may be convenientlie done, that my carcas be layed
into the ground, and I will that xii poore men of Withiam and
Hartfield, with some of my pore servants, beare about my herse
xii great tapers of viiilb. a piece, and those to be borne all the
service time, and every man to have a gown, viid. and his dinner*

*' He farther wills 10/. to poor people, that shall come to the
church, the day of his burial, and to the poor householders of
Withiam and Hertfielde dl. 6s. 8d. to be sent to their houses by
the advice of the curate and churchwardens. Also that his ex-
ecutors give to his poor tenants, and other poor of Chalvington,
Chiddingleigh, and Walderns, the sum of 41. and to other
poor of Bergholt and Montbury in Essex, 3 /. and to the poor of
Amington in Oxfordshire, 20s. and to his poor tenants of Hale-
sham, Arlington, Hethfeld, and Woodmancote, four marks each.
And for mending the highways in Withiam, and Hertfield, for
the space of 20 years, after his decease, five marks yearly. Also
to the poor of the said two parishes, on l6th March, on which
day he was born, five marks annually for twenty years.

" He bequeaths all his houshold goods, &c. at Chiddingleigh,
and at Buckhurst, to Anne his wife during life, and constitutes
her, and Nicholas Pelham (who had married his eldest daughter)
his executors."

He was buried x at Withiam, October 5th, 1557- By the
said Anne his wife, second daughter of Sir William Boleyn, Knt.
and sister to Thomas, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond (father to
Queen Anne Boleyn, mother of Queen Elizabeth) he y had issue
several sons and daughters, whereof Anne was married to Sir
Nicholas Pelham, ancestor to the Earl of Chichester and the late
Duke of Newcastle j Isabel, to John Ashburnham of Ashburn-
ham, in Sussex, ancestor to the present Earl of Ashburnham;
and Mary, wedded to John Lunsford of Hothley, in Sussex, Esq.
The sons by the said Anne, that lived to maturity, were Richard;
and Christopher, who took to wife Constance, daughter to

x Strype's Memorials, vol iii. p 384.
y Descent of Nobil. MS p. Henry Chiting. not. B. 20. in Bibl. J. Anstis,
Arm.

DUKE OF DORSET. 10?

Thomas Colepeper, of Bedgbury in Kent, Esq.; and by his last
will and testament, dated August 2/th, 1558, d:rrcts his body
to be buried in the church of St. Sepulchre's, in London. He
had issue, first, John Sackvile, Esq. (who married Joan, daughter
and heir of John Downton of Sedlescomb, in Sussex) from whom,
besides others, descended Sir Thomas Sackville, of Sedlescomb,
in Sussex, Knight of the Bath, who was father of Colonel Thomas
Sackville, who married Margaret, daughter of Sir Henry Compton,
of Bramble-Teigh in Sussex, Knight of the Bath, third son of
Henry Lord Compton ; and second, Andrew.

Richard Sackville (eldest2 son of John) was of Gray's-Inn,a
and was chosen Lent reader in 20 Henry VIII to which none
but persons of great learning were elected. b He wis afterwards
of the Inner Temple, and when he was at the height of bis pre-
ferments, had, nevertheless, so much regard for the gentlemen of
that inn, as to bd one of the governors thereof, from the first year
of Queen Elizabeth, to his death.0 He'1 attended Henry VIIF.
in his wars, and was treasurer of his army. In 34 Henry VIII.
he was Escheator of Sussex and Surrey, an office of great tiust.

After the accession of Edward VI. 154/, he was on August
23d, next year, e constituted Chancellor of the Court of Augmen-
tation, with a fee of 300 marks per annum and all profits, &c. a
place of great value j also the same year, had the honour of
Knighthood f conferred on him at Westminster. In the third
year of that reign, s he was made Custos Rotulorum of the county
of Sussex; and the year following, being chancellor of the aug-
mentation office, h was impowered to grant to any of the King's
subjects, lands or tenements of the revenues of the crown, for
term of life, or years, upon letter, or bill from the privy council.
In June 1552, he was in commission with other privy counsellors, ■
for the sake of chantry lands.

On the accession of Queen Mary, k he had his patent renewed
(January 20th, 1553) of Chancellor of the Court of Augmenta-
tion, * and was likewise sworn of the privy-council. He m was

t Cole's Esc MS. lib i. p. 462, in Bibl. Harley.

* Dugdale's Orig Jurid- p. 29a. * Ibid. p. 173.

« Descent of Nobil MS. not B 21. in Bibl Joh Anstis.

« MS sub Efh'g Otho E. I [.in Bibl. Cotton.

« Privat Sigil 2 Edw VI- ' Jekyl's Cat Knrs. MS p. 34.

s Bill. Sign. 10 Mart 3 Edw. VI. h Ibid- 20 Feb 4 Edw. VI.

» Strype's Memorials, vol ii p. 489. k Pat. 1 Mar p. 2.

1 Strype's Memorials, vol. iii. p. 479.

m Not. Pari. MS. Not. per Brown Willis, Arm.

108 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

elected for Portsmouth, to the parliament summoned to meet at
Oxford, April 21st ensuing.

When Queen Elizabeth came to the crown, she chose n him of
her privy-council, though he was not of her religion> as Camden
has observed -, ° and constituted him under treasurer of the Ex-
chequer, which office he held to the time of his death. But that
he conformed to the protestant religion soon after her accession to
the throne, appears as well from other authorities, p as from his
being commissioned to visit the diocese of London, for the esta-
blishment of religion, according to the order appointed by act and
statute, passed and confirmed in the parliament, 1 Elizabeth, and
to call before them divers persons of every parish, and swear them
" to enquire and make presentment, according to certain injunc-
tions devised for the better execution of that they had in charge."
He^ was also high steward of the Queen's manors and lands in
Kent and Sussex. He represented the county r- of Kent in the
first year of Queen Elizabeth j also the county of Sussex in the
next parliament, and was chose for the said county in all others
whilst he lived j which shews he was favoured of the people.
He was a person of a wise foresight, and the Queen's kinsman,
by his mother, who was a Boleyn, as the learned Camden relates,
in his history of Queen Elizabeth. s And how charitable he was,
appears by his will, l dated March 22d, in the 8th of Queen
Elizabeth.

He therein orders his body to be buried in the parish church
of Withiam, in Sussex, in such manner as shall be thought neces-
sary, according to his degree j and directs his executors to dispose
of 100/. amongst poor people and hospitals ; and for the perpetual
sustentation of the poor alms folks at Lewes and Grenested, so
much revenue as he has usually paid them, and so much for repa-
rations as shall be limited and appointed by his wife and son. He
bequeaths to his most gracious Sovereign Lady the Queen's Ma-
jesty, these poor tokens following (as he expresses it) viz. one
great jewel of a table emerawd with a mallet of dyamonds, a great
pearl, and one hundred of great pearls 5 as also a man of dyamonds,
set in a brooche : most humbly beseeching her Highness to ac-

n Camden's Hist, of Q. Eliz. in Hist, of England, vol. ii. p. 369.

• Pat. 1 Eliz. p. 4. ' Hollinshed's Chron. vol. iii p 1184,

1 Ex Eviden.apud Penshurst. r Not. Pari MS. Praed.

* Hist, of Eng. vol. ii. p 402.

1 Ex Regist. Crymes qu. 14, in Cur. Praerog. Cant.

DUKE OF DORSET. 10$

«ept those according to his faithful heart, and not according to
the value of the gift : and that it will please her Majesty, to be a
good and gracious Sovereign Lady to his poor wife and children.
He also bequeaths to his son, Thomas, his greatest cheyneof gold,
charging him, on his blessing, that he should preserve and leave
the same to Robert Sackville, his heir; and further wills to him,
his manor of Buckhurst, and all the lands and tenements in Sussex,
or elsewhere, which were of his father's, and not assured to his
wife; as also his manors of Lanherst and Toleston, with the ap-
purtenances, in Sussex, and his manors and lands in Pickham,
Pontes, Rye, Westfelde, and Goddstow, in Sussex, and Surrey ;
and his other lands, limited in writing to Richard Onslow, An-
thony Stapleton, Roger Man wood, Esqrs. John Foote, and Alex-
ander Parker, Gent.

He bequeaths legacies and annuities to all his relations who
were living, and lands, &c. to John and Andrew Sackville, sons
of his brother Christopher ; and to all his servants a year's wages;
but to those who have served him faithfully, such other recom-
pence as his wife and son should limit and appoint. He ordains
executors, his dear beloved friend?, Sir "William Cecil, Knight,
the Queen's Majesty's secretary ; Sir Ambrose Cave, Knight,
chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster; Sir William Cordel,
Knight, master of the rolls; Sir Edward Saunders, lord chief
baron of the Exchequer ; Sir Walter Mildmay, chancellor of the
Exchequer; Anthony Brown, one of the justices of the Common
Pleas, his well beloved wife, Winefrede Sackville, his loving son
Thomas Sackville, and Roger Manwood, Esq. bequeathing to each
of them 20/. And appoints overseers, his very good lord, the
lord treasurer of England, the Earl of Leicester, the lord admiral,
and the Earl of Pembroke ; and wills to each of them 20/. with a
black gown ; and to the Earl of Leicester, 50/. part of the 250/.
owing to him. By the inquisition taken at East Grinsted after
his decease, the jury found u that the said Sir Richard Sackville
died on April 21st, 1556, leaving by Winefrede his Lady,
(daughter of Sir John Bruges,* Lord Mayor of London, and after-
wards the second wife of * John Powlet, Marquis of Winchester ;

■ Cole's Esc. lib.i. p. 1*7. in Bibh Harley.
x He was descended from Simon Bruges of the Leye in Herefordshire,
temp. Edw. III. younger brother of Thomas Bruges, ancestor of the Chandos
family.

' Vincent's MS. Baronage in Coll. Arm.

110 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

she died 1586, and was buried in Westminster Abbey) Thomas
Sackville, his son and heir, who was twenty-nine years of age at
his decease ; and that he died possessed of several manors in the
counties of Sussex, Surrey, and Kent 5 but had in his .lifetime
settled a great part ot his estate on his said son Thomas Sack-
ville.

He had also by his said wife a daughter Anne, married to
Gregory Fines, Lord Dacre of the South, who dying without
issue by him, z May J 4th, 1505, was buried at Chelsea : having
in her will left orders to her executors to build an hospital in
Tothill Fields, Westminster, for twenty poor women, and so many
poor children, to be brought up under them, For whose main-
tenance she assigned lands to the amount of one hundred pounds
by the year. Which hospital yet retains her name.

Which Thomas Sackville, afterwards Lord Buckhurst and
Earl of Dorset, born 1527, a at Buckhurst, in the parish of
Withiam in Sussex, was, from his ehildhood, distinguished for his
wit and manly behaviour. He was first of the University of Ox-
ford, as he confesseth in his letter b (after being elected Chan-
cellor) dated Martij 21st, 15C)>, " I am given, by common re-
port, to understand, that contrary to your own statutes, &c. a
very few retain the old academical habit, which, in my time, was
a reverend distinction of your degrees, &c." The place where
he studied was, as is supposed, Hart Hall (now Hartford college)
but taking no degree there, he retired for a time to Cambridge, °s
where he commenced Master of Arts, andd afterwards was a
student of the Inner Temple.

" At both Universities," says Warton," he became celebrated
as a Latin and English poet j and he carried his love of poetry,
which he seems to have almost solely cultivated, to the Inner
Temple. It was now fashionable Tor every young man of fortune,
before he began his travels, or was admitted into parliament, to
be initiated in the study of the law. But instead of pursuing a
science, which could not be his profession, and which was unac-
commodated to the bias of his genius, he betrayed his predilection
to a more pleasing species of literature, by composing the tragedy
of Gorboduck.

7 Seymour's Survey of London, vol. ii. p. 820.

» Fuller's Worthies, in com. Sussex, p. 105-

h Wood's Fasti Oxon. P.7C7. c Wood's Athcnce Oxon. p. 297.

d Mills's Cat. of Hon. p. 412.

DUKE OF DORSET. Ill

This tragedy was exhibited in the great hall of the Inner
Temple by the students of that society, as part of the entertain-
ment of a grand Christmas, and afterwards before Queen Eliza-
beth at Whitehall, on January 18th, 15t)l. It was sumptuously
printed in 1565, under the title of The Tragedy of Gorloduc,
printed by William Griffith, 4to. An exact edition under the in-
spection of the authors, (for he was assisted by Thomas Norton)
appeared in 1 57 1, entitled The Tragidie of Ferrex and Porrex, &c.
imprinted by John Daye, dwelling over Aldersgate. Another
edition appeared about 1569, f™m which Mr. Spence printed a
modern edition 1/31. " That this tragedy," says Warton, u was
never a favourite among our ancestors, and has long fallen into
general oblivion, is to be attributed to the nakedness and unin-
teresting nature of the plot, the tedious length of the speeches,
the want of a discrimination of character, and almost a total ab-
sence of pathetic or critical situations." " Yet it must be granted
that the language of Gorloduc has great merits and perspicuity j
and that it is entirely free from that tumid phraseology, which
does not seem to have taken place till play writing had become a
trade, and our poets found it their interest to captivate the multi-
tude by the false sublime, and by those exaggerated images and
pedantic metaphors, which are the chief blemishes of the scenes
of Shakespeare, and which are at this day mistaken for his capital
beauties by too many readers." e

At this time Sackville is said by Warton to have been the in-
ventor and principal contributor of that once celebrated collection
of historical legends, entitled The Mirror for Magistrates,* imitated
from Lydgate's translation of Boccace's Tragedies ; and first edited
in 1559, by William Baldwin. But there is some reason to doubt
this, as Sackville 's Induction, and Legend of the Duke of Buck-
ingham, did not appear appended to that work till the second
edition in 1563, when it formed the third article of the Second
Part. Niccols indeed in his edition of 1610, says, " That the
penmen (of the Chronicle) being many and diverse, all diversly
affected in the method of this their mirror, he followed the in-
tended scope of that most honourable personage, who, by how
much he did surpass the rest in the eminence of his noble con-

• Warton's Hist. Poet. vol. iii. p. 355 — 371, where see a full account of
this play.

f See an account of the editions of this work in Censur. Liter, vol. iii.
p. 149.

112 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

dition, by so much he hath exceeded them all, in the excellency
of his heroical stile j which, with a golden pen, he hath limned
out to posterity,- in that worthy object of his mind, the tragedy of
the Duke of Buckingham, and in his preface, then intitled, Mr.
Sackville's Induction. This worthy president of learning, intend-
ing to perfect all this story himself, from the Conquest, being
called to a more serious ex pence of his time, in the great state
affairs of his most royal Lady and Sovereign, left the dispose
thereof to Mr. Bald wine, &c."

It is most probable that Sackville's was originally a distinct
design, afterwards adapted to, and inserted in that of Baldwin. It
exceeds in dignity and genius all the other contributions to that
work beyond all measure. And this conjecture will account for the
variation of plan from all the other legends, where the relators in
turn personate a character of one of the great unfortunate, and the
stories are all connected by being related to the silent person of
the assembly, who is like the Chorus in the Greek tragedies, or
the Host in Chaucer's Canterbury Talcs. But in Sackville's plan
the scene is laid in hell, and the unfortunate Princes appear to
him in succession, and utter their respective complaints at the
gates of Elysium under the guidance of Sorrow." s The Induc-
tion contains some of the finest strains of English poetry ; and
some of the most magnificent personifications of abstract ideas in
our language ; exceeding Spenser in dignity, and not short of
him in brilliance. " The shadowy inhabitants of hell-gate," says
Warton, " are conceived with the vigour of a creative imagina-
tion and described with great force of expression. They are de-
lineated with that fulness of proportion, that invention of pictu-
resque attributes, distinctness, animation, and amplitude, of which
Spenser is commonly supposed to have given the first specimens
in our language, and which are characteristical of his poetry.
"\Ve may venture to pronounce that Spenser at least caught his
manner of designing allegorical personages from this model,
which so greatly enlarged the former narrow boundaries of our
ideal imagery, as that it may be justly deemed an original in that
style of painting." " The Complaint of Henrye Duke of Buck-
ingham, is written with z force and even elegance of expression,
a copiousness of phraseology, and an exactness of versification, not
to be found in any other parts of the collection."

It is high birth, however, and ample patrimony soon ad-

s Warton, vol. iii. p. 220.

a

DUKE OF DORSET. 113

vanced him to important situations and employments. His emi-
nent accomplishments and abilities having acquired the confidence
and esteem of Queen Elizabeth, the poet was soon lost in the
statesman, and negotiations and embassies extinguished the milder
ambitions of the ingenuous muse. Yet it should be remembered
that he was uncorrupted amidst the intrigues of an artful court j
that in the character of a first minister he preserved the integrity
of a private man, and that his family refused the offer of an apo-
logy to his memory, when it was insulted by the malicious insi-
nuations of a rival party."

But it may be necessary to return to a more particular account.
He was elected one of the* knights for the county h of Westmor-
land, to the parliament held in 4 and 5 Philip and Mary j and in
the first year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, was chose for the
county of Sussex. Also in the fifth year of Queen Elizabeth, ' he
was returned one of the knights for Buckinghamshire. He after-
wards travelled k into foreign parts, and was, for a time, a prisoner
in Rome. But upon his return into England, which was pro-
cured, to possess the great inheritance of his father, then deceased,
he was soon distinguished by that great Queen, and by her order
was first knighted by the Duke of Norfolk, ' in her Majesty's
presence, 8th Junij, 1567, and ,n the same day advanced to the
degree and dignity of a Baron, by the title of Lord Buckhurst,
Baron of Buckhurst.

In the 14th year of Queen Elizabeth, her Majesty sent him
ambassador to Charles IX. of France, to congratulate his marriage
with Elizabeth, daughter of the Emperor Maximilian II. where
he was honourably received according to his Princess's merit, and
his own.

Hollinshed, in his Chronicle, p. 1224, 1225, gives a particular
account of this embassy.

In the 14th year of Queen Elizabeth, he wasn one of the
peers that sat on the trial of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk.
In 28th Elizabeth, after a great conspiracy against the Queen had
been detected, the coasts of Sussex and Kent were exceedingly
alarmed by fifty ships hovering before Brighthelmstone, as though
they intended to land forces j so that the town within a few

D Not Pari MS ut antea. Ibid, in com. Bucks,

k Fuller's Worthies, p. 105. l Lib. m 6 in Otfic. Arm.

m Pat 9EI1Z. p. io- n Hist, of Engl p 437.

VOL. II. I

\U PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

hours0 advertised the Lord Buckhurst (Lord Lieutenant) of them,
and that they expected their landing the next morning, the tide
serving very convenient. On which the Lord Buckhurst, with
great alacrity, armed his men, gave immediate directions what
should be done, and with his company marched to the Downs,
and lay there all night, between a village called Rottingdeane,
and Brighthelmstone ; whither resorted to him about 1600 men,
ready to obey him in what was needful. " His presence (as my
author p writes) greatly confirmed the people, who flocked from
all parts in heaps, and made towards the coast." The Kentish
men likewise, with all celerity, assembled,^ and with no less
willingness prepared to have come down well armed, if the news
of all being quieted had not been brought to them by the Lord
Buckhurst's order, who had sent a vessel well manned to discover
them, *' which brought his Lordship intelligence that they were
Hollanders, laden with merchandize from Spain, and by contrary
winds were forced there." Whereupon I shall only remark, that
notwithstanding this proved a rumour, yet the country shewed
iheir attachment to the Lord Buckhurst, and how ready they were
to venture their lives under his conduct.

In 1586, he r was nominated one of the commissioners for the
trial of Mary Queen of Scotland, and at that time was of the
privy-council j but his Lordship is not mentioned among the6
peers who met at Fotheringay Castle, and condemned the Queen j
yet when the parliament had confirmed the sentence, * he was
made choice of (probably on that account, or for his accomplish-
ments) to let her know it.

In 1588, he was sent ambassador to the States of the United
Provinces, on their dislike of the Earl of Leicester's proceedings
in sundry respects, there to examine the business, and to compose
the difference ; u and managing his trust faithfully, Leicester's
displeasure against him, and settled favour with the Queen, pie-
vailed so far, that on his return he was confined to his house for
more than nine months. Queen Elizabeth had, afterwards, the
highest esteem of his great merits, so that on April 24th, 1589, x
he was elected at Whitehall one of the knights companions of the

0 Castrations of Hollinshed's Chronicle, p. 1565.

p Ibid- q Ibid. r Hist, of Engl, p 519.

» Ibid. p. $zz- « Ibid. p. 528. » P. 540, 541.

* Ashmole's Order of the Carter, p. 301.

DUKE OF DORSET. 115

most noble order of the Garter, without being present, or having
any knowledge of it; and was? installed December 18th. His
installation plate is yet remaining * in St. George's chsfpel in
Windsor, which shews it was put up after his being created Earl
of Dorset. *

The same year he was * one of the peers that sat on the trial
of Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, April 14th : also being stiled
The Queen s beloved and faithful Counsellor was b commissioned,
with John Fortescue, Esq. sub-treasurer of the Exchequer, Sir
John Hart, Mayor of London, Sir George Barns, Sir George
Bond, and Henry Billingsley, Esq. Aldermen of London (whereof
his Lordship, and John Fortescue, to be always one) to enquire
into the goods of the Spaniards concealed in London, and to call
before them such persons as they think proper, and to make
seizure, &c. The affairs of the United Provinces being likewise
under his inspection, he c was one of the council at Greenwich,
April 7th, 15QO, who signed a letter to the States, about the keep-
ing of Ostend ; and in 1501, being stiled Dominus de Buckhurst,
Magna Pincerna Anglite, was d one of the commissioners that
signed a treaty on the part of her Majesty, with the French pleni-
potentiaries. Also the same year, he e was one of the Lords of
the privy-council that for some time had the custody of the great
seal, and the authority of ensealing all writings; the administra-
tion of justice being delegated to two justices of the King's
Bench, and two of the Common Pleas. His Lordship likewise
succeeded Sir Christopher Hatton, in the f chancellorship of the
University of Oxford, in opposition to Robert Devereux, Earl of
Essex, master of the horse to the Queen, who, a little before, was
incorporated master of arts in the said University, to capacitate
him for that office; being elected chancellor on December 17th,
1591 ; and thereupon he was incorporated master of arts in the
University of Oxford, at his lodgings in London, on January 6th,
by certain officers appointed by the venerable convocation.

In 35 Elizabeth he was in a special commission with I others,
" to enquire and find out all such persons as held any secret con-

7 Ashmole's Lives of the Knights of the Garter, MS. Not. m8 in Bibl.
Ashm. Oxon-

* Pote's Antiq. of Windror, p 294
» Hist of Eng. vol- ii. p 552. * Rymer, torn xvi. p. 82.

c MS. in Bibl. Cotton. Not. Caligula, E 6 f 381.

d Rymer, torn- xvi. p 151. e Stow's Annals, p. 763

t Wood's Fasti Oxon- p 761, 766, 7^7- * Rymer, torn. xvi. p. 2Qi-

11(5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Venticles, or meetings, within ten miles of London, under pre*
tence of any exercise of religion, otherwise than according to the
laws and statutes of the realm, and to call all such persons before
them, imprison them, and punish them as they should see cause."
And in September, the same year, visiting h the University of
Oxford, her Majesty honoured him with her presence, and staid
there several days; where she was agreeably entertained with
elegant speeches* plays, and disputations, and received a splendid
treat from the Lord Buckhurst.

In the 40th year of Queen Elizabeth, he joined with the
Lord Treasurer Burleigh in promoting a peace with Spain j but
though their endeavours did not produce the desired effect, yet
did they tend to take off a great part of the charge of the war t
for when the Lord Burleigh lay sick, the States of the United
Provinces sent over deputies for renewing their treaty with the
crown of England, fearing a peace might be made with Spain ;
and the Lord Buckhurst being one of the * commissioners ap-
pointed by the Queen to confer with them, a new treaty was con-
cluded, and signed by his Lordship and the said ambassadors,
whereby the Queen was eased of no less than 120,000/. per ann.
besides other advantages.

On the death of the Lord Burleigh, the Queen taking into
consideration Lord Buckhurst's great services to his country,
which had hitherto been at his great expence, k was pleased to
constitute him (15th Martij, 41 Elizabeth), Lord High Treasurer
of England. In the succeeding year, he l was in commission with
Sir Thomas Egerton, lord chancellor, and the Earl of Essex, earl
marshal, for negotiating affairs with the senate of Denmark ; as
also in a special commission for m suppressing of schism. And
afterwards, when libels were dispersed by the Earl of Essex's
faction, insinuating, that the Queen and her council took little
care of the government, and altogether neglected the state of
Ireland ; n his Lordship thought himself concerned to vindicate
her Majesty, and thereupon made sharp reflections on those libels,
representing how brave and well regulated an army had been sent
into Ireland, completely furnished with all manner of provisions,
and likewise, that her Majesty had expended on the war there, in

h Camden in Hist, of Eng- vol. ii. p. 569.

I Camden, praed. p. 6io- >< Pat. 4* Eliz. p. 10, m. 21^

1 Rymer, torn xvi. p. 350. m Ibid- p. 348.

* Hist- of England, vol ii- p 617.

DUKE OF DORSET. 117

six months time, the sum of 600,000/. which, he said, the Earl of
Essex must own to be true.

He was ever watchful for the public good, and her Majesty's
safety j and suspecting the Earl of Essex's evil designs, by a
greater concourse of people resorting to his house than ordinary,0
he sent his eldest son to pay him a visit, ordering him to observe
the company he kept : and afterwards contrived means, whereby
the Earl, suspecting his designs were discovered (which had been
four months in agitation) he and his friends, forced by their fears,
entered on new measures, and breaking out into open rebellion,
were obliged to surrender themselves prisoners.

When that unhappy nobleman was brought to his trial
(together with the Earl of Southampton) the Lord Buckhurst p
was constituted, on that occasion, lord high steward of England ;
and passing sentence on the Earl of Essex, bis Lordship, 1 in a
very eloquent speech, advised him to implore the Queen's mercy.
After which it being highly requisite that some of the chief con-
spirators, for an example to others, should suffer death, his Lord-
ship advised her Majesty to pardon some, and inflict some punish-
ment on others. Whereupon he was r in a special commission
with the lord keeper, Charles, Earl of Nottingham, lord admiral,
Sir Robert Cecil, principal secretary of state, Sir John Fortescue,
chancellor of the Exchequer, and others (whereof his Lordship,
or any two of those before-mentioned, were to be of the number)
to call before them all such as were concerned in the rebellion
with Robert, late Earl of Essex, Henry, late Earl of Southampton,
&c. and to treat and compound with such offenders, for the re-
demption and composition of their lands j and upon sealing, and
sufficient surety given for the payment of such fines, &c so as-
sessed by them, to cause a pardon to be made out for the said
treasons, and of every their said lands. In l602, he was consti-
tuted s one of the lords commissioners for exercising the office of
earl marshal of England ; and was1 commissioned, with some
other lords of the privy-council, to reprieve and stay from execu-
tion, all such persons attainted or convicted of any robbery or
felony, as they should think convenient, and to commit them to
serve in some of her Majesty's galleys, in such order and manner,
and for such time, as they should limit or assign. In 45 Eli-

o Hist of Eng vol. ii. p. 630 p Ibid. p. 633.

<j Ibid p. 636. » Pat 43 Eliz p 7. m. 43.

• Pat- 44 Eliz. p. -14. in dors. *. Rymer, torn xvi p 446.

118 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

zabeth, he was in u commission, with others of the council, for
putting the laws in execution against Jesuits, seminary priests,
and other ecclesiastics, ordained according to the order or rites of
the Romish church, and brought up seditiously beyond the seas
or elsewhere.

After the death of Queen Elizabeth, his Lordship was con-
cerned in taking the necessary measures for the security and
peace of the nation, the administration of the kingdom being de-
volved on him and other counsellors, who unanimously proclaimed
King James, x and signed a letter, March 28th, to the Lord Eure,
and the rest of the commissioners for the treaty of Breme, notify-
ing her Majesty's decease, and the recognition and proclamation
of James VI. of Scotland. Which King had such a just sense of
his services, and great abilities, that before his arrival in England,
he ordered the renewal of his patent of lord treasurer for life, y
which passed the seals April 17th, before his Lordship waited on
his Majesty j for he staid to pay his last respects to the memory
of the Queen, by seeing her interred among her royal prede-
cessors, on April 28th that year.

His Lordship afterwards set out to pay his compliments to her
successor, whom he met on May 2d, z at Broxborn in Hertford-
shire, where he was very graciously received, and confirmed in
his post of lord treasurer of England. He, waiting on his Majesty
at Theobalds, the seat of Sir Robert Cecil, secretary of state, was
one whom the King principally confided in, and consulted in the
measures proper to be taken, as also in the choice of his chief
officers, which for the most part were then settled, his Majesty
staying there four days. On March 13th, next ensuing, hea was
created Earl of Dorset, and his Majesty likewise b constituted
his Lordship one of the commissioners for executing the office of
earl marshal of England, and for reforming sundry abuses in the
college of arms. He was also the first in commission, with four
other lords of the privy-council, for mediating and concluding a
peace with Philip III. King of Spain,0 which was signed at
London on August 18th, 1604.

In the second year of King James I. his Majesty reciting, d

u Pat. 45 Eliz p. 3 m. 17. x Rymer, torn, xvi p. 490.

y Ibid. * Pat. x Jac I. p. 14.

a Chaur.cey'* Hist, of Hertfordshire, p. 289.

«> Pat. 1 Jac. I- p. iz. e Rymer, torn. xvi. p 608.

* Stow's Annals p. 846. « Rymer, p. Co*.

DUKE OF DORSET. 110

* That tobacco being a drug brought into England, of late years,
in small quantities, was used and taken by the better sort, only as
physic, to preserve health j but rinding (through evil custom, and
the toleration thereof) that riotous and disorderly persons, of mean
and base condition, spent most of their time in that idle vanity, to
the consuming of their wages got by their labour, contrary to the
use which persons of good calling and quality made thereof}" and
perceiving great quantities of tobacco to be daily brought in,
wills and commands Thomas, Earl of Dorset, lord high treasurer
of England, to warrant and authorize all customers, comptrollers,
searchers, &c. to demand the sum of 6s. Sd. on every pound
weight, over and above two-pence in the pound usually paid.

It further appeareth, that his Lordship shewed a particular
concern for the preservation of the records of this kingdom, and
the jewels of the e crown \ for Robert, Earl of Salisbury, principal
secretary of state, delivers to him several treaties and writings,
relating thereto, specified in an indenture on October yth, 1605.
And in lGorj, he f was a party to the King's indenture, wherein he
annexed divers royal and princely diadems, crowns, coronets,
and jewels of great estimation and value, inseparably for ever
hereafter, to the crown of this realm ; which his Majesty signed
by his Lordship's persuasion and advice, s and the schedule an-
nexed was drawn by his order. Being chancellor of the University
of Oxford, the noble entertainment, which he gave King James,
when he first honoured that University with his presence, and
the orders he gave on that occasion, are set forth in a manuscript,
l6l E. 17, p. 201, et seq. in the Harleian library, and entitled,

* The preparation at Oxford in August \605t against the coming
thither of King James, with the Queen and young Prince, together
with things, then and there done, and the manner thereof." At
length this great and good man, worn out by continual thought
for the public good, died suddenly h at the council table at White-
hall, on April 19th, 1008, set. eighty-one, and on May 26th fol-
lowing, 5 his remains were deposited, with great solemnity, in
Westminster Abbey j and Dr. Abbot, his chaplain, afterwards
Archbishop of Canterbury, preached his funeral sermon.

Sir Richard Baker k says of his Lordship, " That he had ex-
cellent parts, and, in his place, was exceeding industrious] and

« Rymer, p- 635. t Ibid- p. 641. P Jbidp 644.

*> Stow, p. ?93- I Athenae Oxon vol i p 499.

* Chronicle, id Edit, p 596.

120 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

he had heard many Exchequer men say, ' There never was a
better treasurer, both for the King's profit, and the good of the
subject.' That dying suddenly, at the council table, his death
was by some untowardly interpreted ; but his head being opened,
there were found in it certain little bags of water, which, whether
by the straining of his study the night before, in which he sat up
till eleven o'clock, or otherwise, by their own maturity, suddenly
breaking, and falling upon his brain, caused his death."

The Lord Bacon gives this character of him, in a letter he
sent with one of his l books.

" May it please your good Lordship,
" I have finished a work, touching the advancement or setting
forward of learning, which I have dedicated to his Majesty, the
most learned of a Sovereign, or temporal Prince, that time hath
known. And upon reason not unlike, I humbly present one of
the books to your Lordship, not only as a chancellor of an Uni-
versity, but as one that was excellently bred in all learning ; which
I have ever noted to shine in all your speeches and behaviours.
And therefore your Lordship will yield a gracious aspect to your
first love j and take pleasure in the adoring of that, wherewith
yourself are so much adorned. And so humbly desiring your
favourable acceptation thereof, with signification of humble duty,
I remain, &c."

Sir Robert Naunton, master of the court of Ward*, and a
privy counsellor, gives this account of him, m •' My Lord of Buck-
hurst was of the noble house of Sackvilles, and of the Queen's
consanguinity ; his father was Sir Richard Sackville, or, as the
people then called him, Fill-sack, by reason of his great wealth,
and the vast patrimony which he left to this his son, whereof he
spent in his youth the best part, until the Queen, by her frequent
admonitions, diverted the torrent of his profusion. He was a
very fine gentleman, of person and endowments, both of art and
nature j but without measure magnificent, till on the turn of his
humour, and the allay that his years and good counsels had
wrought upon those immoderate courses of his youth, and that
height of spirit inherent in his house: and then did the Queen,
as a most judicious and indulgent Prince, when she saw the man
grow stayed and settled, give him her assistance, and advanced
him to the treasurership, where he made amends to his house for

1 Letters and Memoirs, p. 16. m Fragmenta Regalia, p 70

DUKE OF DORSET 121

bis mis-spent time, both in the increasment of estate and honour,
which the Queen conferred on him, together with an oppor-
tunity to remake himself; and thereby to shew, that this was a
child that should have a share in her grace, and a taste of her
bounty.

*' They much commend his elocution, but more the excel-
lency of his pen j for he was a scholar, and a person of a quick
dispatch (faculties that yet run in the blood) ; and they say of
him, t That his secretaries did little for him, by the way of indite-
ment, wherein they could seldom please him, he was so facete
and choice in his phrase and stile :' and for his dispatches, and
the content he gave to suitors, he had a decorum seldom since
put in practice; for he had, of his attendants (that took into roll)
the names of all suitors, with the date of their first addresses ;
and these, in their order, had hearing; so that a fresh man could
not leap over his head, that was of a more ancient edition, except
in the urgent affairs of state.

" I find not that he was any ways insnared in the factions of
the court, which were, all his times, strong and in every man's
note ; the Howards, and the Cecils on the one part, my Lord of
Essex, &c. on the other part : for he held the staff of the treasury
fast in his hands, which once in the year made them all beholden
to him. And the truth is (as he was a wise man, and a stout) he
had no reason to be a partaker, for he stood sure in blood and in
grace, and was wholly intentive to the Queen's service; and such
were his abilities, that she received assiduous proofs of his suffi-
ciency; and it hath been thought, that she might have more
cunning instruments, but none of a more strong judgment and
confidence in his ways, which are symptoms of magnanimity and
fidelity; whereunto methinks his motto hath some kind of re-
ference, Aut nunquam tentes, aut perfice ; as though he would
have charactered, in a word, the genius of his house, or expressed
somewhat of an higher inclination than lay within his compass."

Some part of this character has been censured ; as the spend-
ing the best part of his estate in his youth. But it is probable,
this has been exaggerated : for if it be considered, that he served
in parliament in the reign of Queen Mary, and that when his
father died, he was twenty-nine years of age and upwards, and
his son Robert five years of age (as is evident by inquisitions) it
is likely his profuseness (if any) was in the lifetime of his father,
whereby he was induced to travel : and the Queen's promoting
him to the dignity of peerage on his accession to the estate, and

122 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

employing him on a splendid embassy, in the fourteenth year of
her reign, to his great expence, makes it hardly credible, that her
Majesty would send him to waste his fortune, had his estate been
much impaired, when he was also not possessed of a great part of
it, his mother being then living, and enjoying a large jointure.

It also further appears, that he negotiated affairs of great
weight, long before he had any employment of profit -, whereby
it may likewise be concluded, he was before that time grown
stayed, and had not expended his fortune, so far as to need the
Queen's support.

Camden, in his history of Queen Elizabeth, ascribes chiefly
the glory of her reign to his patron the Lord Burleigh j but with-
out doubt, the Lord Buckhurst was as deeply concerned in the
councils of those times, and her Majesty thought him most capable of
supplying the place of that great statesman. His Lordship's honour
and integrity were, indeed, superior to private views or interests,
as all writers testify ; and his taking on him the examination of
the conduct of the Earl of Leicester, the Queen's great favourite
(whilst he governed the states of Holland) shews, that he valued
no man's frowns, when the honour of his country was at stake;
this I think proper to observe, in justice to his character, who was
certainly, consider him in all capacities, one of the best men of
that age.

The learned Sir Henry Wotton, in a parallel he has drawn n
between Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, the favourite of Queen
Elizabeth, and George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, says of the
Earl of Essex, that he received of Queen Elizabeth three hundred
thousand pounds in gifts, besides the fees of his offices, and the
disposition of great sums of money in her armies, as it was valued
to the Earl of Dorset, who was a wise man, and a strict com-
putist.

To his literary character may be added, what Warton remarks,
that " his original elegance and brilliancy of mind sometimes
broke forth- in the exercise of his more formal political functions :
for he was frequently disgusted at the pedantry and official bar-
barity of style, with which the public letters and instruments were
usually framed. Even in the decisions and pleadings of that
rigid tribunal the Star Chamber, which was never esteemed the
school of rhetoric, he practised and encouraged an unaccustomed
style of eloquent and graceful oratory j on which account, says

* Reliquiae Wottoniana?, p 24.

DUKE OF DORSET. 125

Loyd, ' so flowing was his invention, that he was called the Star
Chamber Bell.' After he was made a peer, and had succeeded to
a most extensive inheritance, and was now discharging the busi-
ness of an envoy to Paris, he found time to prefix a Latin epistle
,to Clerke's Latin translation of Castillo s Courtier, printed at
London in 1571, which is not an unworthy recommendation of a
treatise remarkable for its polite Latinity. It was either because
his mistress Elizabeth paid a sincere compliment to his singular
learning and fidelity, or because she was willing to indulge an
affected fit of indignation against ihe object of her capricious pas-
sion, that when Sackville, in 15()1, was a candidate for the chan-
cellorship of the University of Oxford, she condescended earnestly
to solicit the University in his favour, and in opposition to his
competitor the Earl of Essex. At least she appears to have ap-
proved the choice -t for her Majesty soon afterwards visited Ox-
ford, where she was entertained by the new chancellor with splendid
banquets and much solid erudition. It is neither my design nor
my province, to develope the profound policy with which he con-
ducted a peace with Spain, the address with which he penetrated
or baffled the machinations of Essex, and the circumspection and
success with which he managed the treasuiy of two opulent sove-
reigns." °

Dr. Abbot (after Archbishop of Canterbury) in his funeral
sermon, from the 54th verse of the 40th chapter of Isaiah, gives
this further account of his Lordship, which explains some passages
before mentioned : " That Queen Elizabeth, not long before her
death, being pleased with some special piece of service, which his
Lordship had done unto her, discoursed with an honourable
person, and counsellor of state concerning him, and was then
pleased to decypher out his life by seven steps or degrees.

" The first was, his younger days, the time of his scholarship,
when first in that famous University of Oxford, and afterward in
the Temple, he gave tokens of such pregnancy, such studiousness,
and judgment, that he was held no way inferior to any of his time
or standing.

u The second was, his travel, when being in France and Italy,
he profited very much in the languages, in matter of story and
state.- And being prisoner in Rome, for the space of fourteen
days (which trouble was brought upon him by some who hated
him for his love to religion, and his duty to his sovereign "l he so

* Warton'sHistE. P. vol. iii. p. an.

124 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

prudently bare himself, that, by the blessing of God, and his
temperate kind of carriage, he was freed out of that danger.

f* The third step which her Majesty did think good to ob-
serve, was (upon return into England) his coming unto her court,
where, on divers occasions he bountifully feasted her Highness,
and her nobles, and so he did to foreign ambassadors. At that
time he entertained musicians, the most curious which any where
he could have j and therein his Lordship excelled unto his dying
day : then was his discourse judicious, but yet witty and delightful.
Thus he was, in his younger days, a scholar and a traveller, and
a courtier of special estimation.

" The fourth step of his life, noted by her most sacred Ma-
jesty, was, his employment of higher nature in embassages beyond
the seas. As first, when his Lordship was sent to the French
King Charles IX. partly to congratulate his marriage with the
daughter of Maximilian the Emperor, and partly about other
Weighty affairs, touching both the kingdoms : at which time his
Lordship was so honourably attended with gentlemen of choice
quality, and was so magnificent in his expence, as was admirable
to the French, honourable to his country, and gave much content-
ment unto his Sovereign. Secondly, when afterward, in a service
of tickle nature, he was employed into the Low Countries, where
notwithstanding the sharp sight, which, by some, was carried
over him, yet his Lordship behaved himself so warily and dis-
creetly, that no blame could be fastened on him.

ft The fifth was, his temper and moderation, after his return
from thence, when her Majesty, to give contentation to a great
personage (Earl of Leicester) in those days of high employment,
was pleased to command him unto his own house, there privately
to remain, untill her farther pleasure was known : where his
Lordship did bear himself so dutifully and obsequiously unto her
Highness's command, that in all the time of his restraint, for nine
or ten months space, he never would endure, either openly or
secretly, either by day or by night, to see either wife or child.
A rare example of obedience and observance unto his Sovereign !

" The sixth degree, which was noted by that most renowned
lady, was the time that his Lordship was counsellor, before that
he was advanced to that high office, which afterward he bare, in
which time, he daily shewed great diligence, and sound judgment
in her weightiest affairs.

" The last of all, was that space wherein he held the room of
lord high treasurer of England j in which place she noted the con-

fcUKE OF DORSET. 1 125

tinual and excessive pains and care, which his Lordship did take
in her business ; his fidelity in his advices j his dexterity in ad-
vancing her profit.

" Thus it seemed good to that Queen, of blessed memory, in
particular to discourse touching her faithful servant." It is further
related by Dr. Abbot, that King James, on the death of the Earl
of Dorset, had been pleased, divers times, to give many excellent
speeches before the lords, concerning him, as his Highness had
done formerly while he was living. He also gives this further ac-
count of him :

N And never was there any nobleman, who, with more humble
agnizing, with more feeling and affectionate gratefulness, did en-
tertain the favours of his Sovereigns, than this honourable person
did, as may fully appear, by many words in his last will. And
for other pans of moral virtues how many rare things were in
him : who more loving unto his wife, that honourable lady, the
mirror of all tiue virtue ; a worthy testimony whereof, he hath
recorded in his last will.' Who more kind unto his children, and
his grand-children ? Who more fast unto his friend ? Who more
moderate to his enemy, if truth were once found out, and staining
imputations were wiped away from the integrity of his honour ?
Who more true of his word ? It was a noble testimony, which
a most honourable personage gave of his Lordship since his death,
in a right worthy assembly, that, in much conversation and con-
currence, in many causes of great weight and importance, he
never heard him speak, or in earnest affirm, that which he found
to be otherwise. No nobleman was more given to hospitality,
and keeping of a great house, having lived seventy and two p years
(for so was his age accounted) and being married more than fifty
and three years, unto one and the self-same lady, he kept house
for forty and two years in an honourable proportion : for thirty
years -of those, his family consisted of little less, in one place, or
another, than two hundred persons : but, for more than twenty
years, besides workmen and other hired, his number at the least,
hath been two hundred and twenty daily, as appeared upon
cheque roll. A very rare example in this present age of ours,
when house-keeping is so decayed. Who more magnificent than
his Lordship in solemn entertainments, as (besides other parti-
culars) was manifested abundantly to the world, not long before

P It must have been eighty-one, according to his age recorde4 in the in-
<jui«mon on his father's death.

126 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

his death, when his Majesty, with the Queen, and Prince,
together with a great part of the nobility, spent divers days at
Oxford ? Who was ever more desirous to do wrong unto none ?
His Lordship bought no land, but he commonly paid more for it
than it was worth, yielding this reason for it, that it would the
better prosper, and continue in his name and posterity. In hi§
will, how careful was he, that all debts should be paid, yea,
though there was no specialty whereby it might be challenged ?
yet if it might appear, that ought was due unto any man, his
charge is to his executors, that they should give satisfaction. The
Jike also, for wrong done to any one whatsoever, whereof he pro-
tested before the eternal Majesty, that he did not remember any.
Unto those honourable parts, I may add a great many more : as
his good and charitable disposition toward his tenants, of whom
ordinarily he took less fines by a third part, than by other lords is
usually accustomed ; and his farmers held his farms, as it was
well known to the world, but at reasonable rents : as his relief to
the poor in pinching times of dearth j in the year 15Q7, which
was a time of the greatest scarcity that ever we did know, his
Lordship sent into Sussex, of his free gift, as much Dansike rye,
bought at Billingsgate, as cost 154/. 14s. ?d. And this present
year, 1608, his Lordship caused, weekly, certain quarters of
wheat to be carried from his own granary, at Lewes, in Sussex,
and to be sold in the market to the poor, at a far lower rate than
the price which commonly men did take (after 26s. 8d. the quarter
when other men ordinarily sold for 40s.) And that his Lordship's
bounty might continue after his death, by his last will and testa-
ment, he hath bequeathed a thousand pounds for the erecting of
a granary at the place which last I named, for the use and benefit
of poor people in those parts ; and two thousand pounds as a stock
for the storing of that house, against times of dearth and scarcity.
Unto this, he hath also joined a thousand pounds, to be bestowed
on the building of a chapel at Withiam, where his ancestors do
lye, and where his Lordship desired that his body might be
interred. These are fruits of a lively faith, and so must be re-
puted.

" But because a right belief and religion towards God is the
highest point of all, I may not here omit to say something touch-
ing that. There are arguments most evident, to demonstrate
unto all men, that his faith was agreeable unto the word of God,
and according to the profession of the renowned church of England.
In that famous University of Oxford, where his Lordship, for

DUKE OF DORSET. 127

more than sixteen years, was our honourable chancellor, it was
his special care to substitute such under him, as were most sound
for religion, which the wiser sort did observe, although common
men did not mark it. As he kept down with one hand all novel-
ties and humours in opinions which laboured to set trouble in the
church and commonwealth, so with the other hand, to the utter-
most of his power, he depressed the priests and Jesuits, which
have used too much to that place ; not to the University, which,
God be praised, is free from all such imputation, but to some
few of the city, who embrace their old superstitions. In that
place, this I can witness, that his Lordship neither openly, nor
secretly, did ever give countenance unto any that was backward
in religion. And, on the other side, that there was never any
thing soberly and wisely proposed, which might forward true
piety, which his Lordship did not further ; as I could, by many
particulars, make plain to whomsoever.. Touching the education
of those honourable plants, his grand children, his Lordship was
ever careful that they should be trained up in the truth of reli-
gion, far from popery and idolatry. His charge was unto their
tutor (as I well knew in his life time), * That as he would answer
him in the day of the last judgment, before the face of Christ,
that he should train them up in the truth of the religion pro-
fessed now in England. How angry would he be, when he was
at his country house, if they came not duly to prayers ? He never
could endure that they should otherwise be matched, than where
there was sound religion. Concerning his own soul, when the
last year he was sick, besides ordinary prayers, he composed him-
self to God, by receiving, at Horseley, the holy sacrament of the
Lord's supper, when he looked to depart the world.

" But two days before he died, devoutly and religiously, he
heard a sermon at home, in his Lordship's own chapel, at Dorset
house j and now holily, and christianly, in his last will and testa-
ment, doth he commend his soul unto God: so it may well be
supposed, that he gave him more than ordinary conjecture, or
suspicion, that his death was not far from him. The last year,
when he returned, after his grievous sickness, he spake it more
than once to his honourable friends, ' That he had settled his
soul, and composed it to another world, whensoever God should
call for him.' Soon after, he began to dispose all those worldly
things, which the Lord had lent unto him. Of kte it was his
common speech, ' I am now an old man, therefore this, or, there-
fore that/ as I myself can witness. The day before he died,

128 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

writing with his own hand unto one of his grand children, he
more than once in that letter, used this, or the like phrase, ■ After
my death : and, when I am dead and gone.' The last morning
of his life, it was noted by those who were nearest about his Lord-
ship, that he was apparently longer at his private meditations,
than commonly he did use. But the words of his last will,
written with his own hand, may give great satisfaction to a man
of hard conceit, that he did fit himself for mortality, whereof, in
the former year, he had a warning piece."

His Lordship made his will maturely and deliberately ; * and
forasmuch as it. shews his integrity, piety, and great abilities, as
well as some passages of his life, I have with pleasure transcribed
the preamble, and the most remarkable parts of it, literatim, from
the register in the prerogative office.

" The eternal God of heaven and earthe, the Father, the
Sonne, and the Holie Ghoste, guyde and prosper this myne intent
and purpose ; which, in their name, I here take in hand, and
begynne : because that is a truthe infallible, suche as every Chris-
tian ought not only perfective to knowe, and steadfastlie beleve,
but also continually to meditate and think upon ; namely, ' That
we are born to dye ; that nothing in this worlde ys more certyn
then deathe, nothing more incertyne then the hower of deathe,
and that no creature livinge knoweth neither when, where, nor
howe it shall please Almightie God, to call hym out of this
mortal life, so as here we live every hower, naye, every instant, a
thousande ways subject to the suddayne stroake of Death, which
oughte to terrifie, teache, and warne us, to make ourselves readye,
as well in the preparation of our soules to God, as by the dispo-
sition of all our earthlie fortunes to the worlde, whensoever yt
shall please the heavenlie power to call us from this miserable and
transitorye life, unto that blessed and everlasting life to come j'
therefore, I Sir Thomas Sackville, of the noble Order of the Garter,
Knighte, Baron of Buckhurst, Earl of Dorset, and Lord High
Treasurer of England j beyng, at this present, thanks be to Al-
mightie God, in sound and perfecte healthe, bothe of bodie and
mynde, do here ordayne, constitute, and make this my present
last will and testament, the eleaventh daye of August, in the yere
of oure Lord God one thousand sixe hundred and seaven, in
manner and forme followinge : first, therefore, as a living creature

4 Ex Regist. vocat. Dorset, qu. i in Cur. Prcrog Cant.

DUKE OF DORSET. 12g

most bound thereunto, I here throwe down, and prostrate myself
in all humilitie and thankfulnes at the foote of my Creator, Re-
deemer, and Saviour, rendring unto his Divine Majestie, my
most lowlie, hartie, and infinite thankes, in that he hathe vouch-
safed to create me a man, endewed and enfused with soule and
reason, and fashioned like unto the image of his owne eaternall
sonne, that mighte have made me a bruitish and soulelesse beaste,
to have fedd and grazed upon the earthe, like unto those irrational
living creatures of the field 5 but, speciallie, in that he hath
pleased to make me a Christian man, whereby, in this life, I may
joyeand rejoyce with the sounde and badge of that glorious name:
and when I go from hence, I may thereby, and thorough the
mercys and goodness of Jesus Christe, departe and dye in assur-
ance and comforte of my soule' s and bodie's salvation and resur-
rection, and to rest at his right hand, in the fruition of those
coelestial and unspeakable joyes, and blessedness that never shall
have end. To hym therefore my most merciful and omnipotent
God, and into the hands of his inexplicable and eaternall good-
ness, I give, will and bequeathe my soule, firmely and assuredlie
trusting, believing, and freelie confessinge, that by the deathe
and passion of his sonne Jesus Christe, and by his onlie mercy,
mean, and mediation for me, and by none other, and not by any
good worke or merit of myneown (although I must acknowledge,
that I am bound, upon payne of damnation, to do as manye good
workes as possiblye I can or maye : all which, when I have done,
yet I am but an unprofitable servante, and a synnefull creature,
full of all iniquitie :) I shall live and partake with his sainctes, in
his heavenlie kingdome, of that eaternall and inexplicable blisse
and happiness which he hath prepared for his elect, of which
number, thorough his infinite mercye and goodness, I do confi-
dentlie and steadfastlie hope, knowe, and believe, that I am one.
And my will is, that my bodie be buried in the church of Withiam
in Sussex, namelie, within the isle and chapel there appropriate
to the Sackvilles my ancestors, and with, and amongst the rest
of my progenitors, there interred. And my funeral to be performed
without unnecessary and superfluous pompe, and yet with that
comelie order, honoure, and decencye, as apperteynethe to the
state and dignitie of so noble a degree, and so high a place, as in
this most renowed commonwealth, by the goodness of Almightie
God, and the grace and favoure of the famous Queen Elizabeth,
but speciallie of my nowe most gracious and benign Sovereign,
Kynge James, I have heretofore, and do, at this present, hould
vol. ir. K

130 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

and possesse. And nowe, touching the ordering, distributing,
and disposing of all suche Jewells, plate, money, &c. Firste, my
full will, and meaning, and hartie desire is, and to the due per-
formance thereof, do earnestlie chardge and require my executors,
and every of them, namelie, that all my juste and due debts,
owing by me, at the tyme of my decease, be justlie and truly
payed ; and yf, within the space of three years, after my deceasse,
it shall be justlie and duelie proved, by any person or persons
whatsoever, although suche persons have not any bill, bond, &c.
that I do justlie and trulie owe unto hym, her, or them, any
summe or summes of money, &c. or that I have done wrong or
injurye unto any, &c. and not by me at any tyme recompensed j
whereof I protest, before the eternal Majestie, I do not, at this
present, remember any : that, in every such case, my will, mean-
ing, and hartie desire is, that due satisfaction be given by my saved
executors, and the survivor of them, within convenient tyme,
after such proof thereof made unto them : but if my sayed ex-
ecutors, or the survivor of them, shall tbinke in their conscience,
that such proofe, by any such produced, is not sufficient to move
them, to give such satisfaction and recompence, as is, or shall be
demanded or required ; that then, and in such case, 1 do hartelie,
and earnestlie praie and desire the deanes of Windsor, Westmin-
ster, and Powles, for the tyme being, or any two of them, to
vouchsafe (as doing thereby a worke of charitie and pietie) to
heere, order, and determine the same, by writing, under theire
handes, to be sent and delivered, as well unto my said executors,
or the survivor of them, as to such person or persons, so demand-
ing any debt or recompence \ whereby both parties may have
notice thereof accordinglie. And touchinge my guifts, bequests,
and legacies unto particular persons, of such of my jewels, plate,
money, &c. Imprimis, I give, will, and bequeathe unto the
Ladie Cicelie, Countesse of Dorset, my most virtuous, faithful,
and deerlie beloved wife, not as any recompence of her infinite
meritt towards me, whoe for incomparable love, zeal, and hartie
affection, ever shewed unto me j and for those her so rare, many,
and reverent vertues of charitie, modestie, fidelitie, humilitie, se-
creacie, wisdom, patience, and a mynde repleate with all pietie
and goodness, which evermore, bothe have, and do abound in her,
deserveth to be honored, loved, and esteemed, above all the tran-
sitorye wealthe and treasure of this worlde, and therefore by no
price of earthlie riches, can by me be valewed, recompenced, or
requited ; to her, therefore, my most virtuous,, faithful, and en-

DUKE OF DORSET. 131

tirely beloved wife, not, I say, as a recompence, but as a true
token and testimonye of my unspeakable love, affection, estima-
tion, and reverence, longe synce fixed and settled in my harte
and soule towards her, I give and bequeathe these things follow-
inge j that is to say, the summe of one thousand poundes, of
lawfull money of England, to be sattisfied unto her out of such
readie money, as after my deceasse (my funeral chardges, and my
debtes, by specialtie and bond, as is aforesayed, being first payed)
shall happen to remayne, &c. And I do also bequeth unto my
sayd moste deerlie beloved wife, all my white silver plate, ordina-
rilie used and occupied in any of my several mansion houses, par-
ticular set down in one inventarye, &c. Likewise I do bequeth
unto her, the full nomber and quantitip of fiflie and one pieces of
white silver vessell, to be taken and chosen by my saied most
deerlie beloved wife, out of such severall sorte9 of my white silver
vessell, as are conteyned in one inventarye under this title, < An
Inventarye, &c.' Moreover, I give unto my saied most deerlie
beloved wife, all suche silver plate, and silver vessels, as ar speci-
ally appoynted for her cupboard and cushion cloathe in her
chamber, and ar particulate set downe, and conteyned in one
inventarye thereof made, &c. And, further, I give unto her, all
such Jewells of gould, pearle and pretious stones, as are set down
in an inventarye, &c. Also I give and bequethe unto her, out of
those Jewells of gould, pearle, and pretious stone, which I keepe
and reserve as Jewells for myself, and to myne own private use,
these twoe Jewells following ; that is to saye, one rope of fayer,
round, orient, and great pearle, conteyning the number of one
hundred and threescore pearle, having a carnation rybben silke
lace sewed to each end of the sayed rope ; and one other Jewell
of gould, made into the fashion of a crosse or crucifix, being, on
the one side, set with twelve great dyamondes, whereof one
diamond, sett in the toppe, is a fayer greate table diamond, and
two other diamonds set on the sydes ar fayer great tryangle dia-
monds j and one other diamond, set in the lower parte of the
sayed Jewell, is a very faiie and great triangle dyamond -, and
sixe other diamondes, which make the crosse in the myddest, ar
faier great table dyamOnds, one of them beyng much longer than
the other five ; the other syde of the said Jewell beyng fayre, en-
nameled with divers coloures; and which saied Jewell hath three
faire great pear pearles pendant to the same.

" His Lordship further wills to her, during her life, the use

132 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

of all his furniture at Dorset house,, Knoll house, and Horsley
house, and whatever she had gathered, that was reputed her own,
whereof, if any question or scruple should arise, his will is, * That
her own bare declaration or affirmation, that the same so in ques-
tion, was suche as she allwayes helde, accompted, and reputed,
and used as her owne, shall, from tyme to tyme, and at all times
be sufficient.' He also bequeaths to her, all his stock of cattle,
&c. about his mansion houses of Dorset house, Knowle house,
Buckhurst house, Sowthov.er house, and Horseley house, as also
his best carotch, his best coach, his litter, and his waggon, with
the furniture to them belonging, together with four mares and
twelve geldings out of his stock of horses. And likewise be-
queaths and grants unto her, during her life, eight bucks, and
eight does yearly, out of his two parks of Buckhurst and Stone*
land* in the county of Sussex j as also divers messuages, lands,
&c. particularly mentioned in his said will.

" He bequeaths to Robert Sackville, Lord Buckhurst, his
eldest son, all his gilt silver plate, reserved for his own use, and
contained in an inventarye, &c. as also one hundred pieces of
white silver vessel, to be chosen by him (after his wife had first
made her choice of the said fifty and one pieces) out of the several
sortes of white silver vessel remaining at the time of his decese,
and particularly set down in an inventary under this title j e An
inventarye in writing, conteyning the several sortes, parcels, and
pieces, with the weigh'te and value of all such white silver vessel,
as is belonging to the Right Honourable Thomas, Earl of Dorset,
Lorde Heighe Treasurer of England, made the .... day June in
the yere of our Lord God one thousand sixe hundred and seaven ;
and in the years of the raigne of our most gracious Soveraigne
King James, viz. of England, France, and Ireland, the firste, and
of Scotland the sixte, beyng subscribed, to every page thereof,
with the hande and name of the saied Lorde Treasurer, and
whereof one part remaynes with his Lordship, and the other
part with the Right Honourable the Countess of Dorset, his wife :

" Hoping, and hartily wishing, that as he had both carefully
and chargeably, by the space of many years passed, gotten and
gathered together, the said gilt plate, and white silver vessel, and
now lovingly and willingly do leave and give the same to him ;
even so that he will, as carefullie and providentlie, preserve and

r The late Viscount Sackville resided at this house of Stoncland .

DUKE OF DORSET. 133

keep the same during all his own life time, and at the time of his
decease, will thankfully leave it, and give it to Richard Sackville,
his eldest son, who may thereby retain and have a memory of
both loves unto him ; and the rather, in respect of that great
towardness and honest merit that is in him; and for the which
(by receiving in their life times, so great a comfort) thereby both
his father and himself are infinitely bound to be thankful unto
God.

" He moreover bequeaths to his said son Buckhurst, all his
great horses for service, with their saddles, and other furniture to
them belonging j all his breeding mares, &c. as also his armourie,
munition, weapons, and other habiliments to the war, whatsoever,
with all his coaches, &c. not before willed ; likewise his coronet
of gold, and gilt cup of assaye, appertaining to the state and dig-
nity of an Earl; his collar of gold, according to the order of St.
George, having in it forty-six several pieces, whereof twenty-three
pieces are made every one after the form of a rose, and like to the
fashion of a garter, and twenty three other pieces are made, every
one of them in form of a knot of gold, together with one George
of gold, pendant to the same collar, and set all over with diamonds
and rubies,

" He also bequeaths to him all the furniture of his houses of
Buckhurst, and Southover, near Lewes in Sussex, and the furni-
ture of his other houses, after the decease of his wife, with such
lands as he had bequeathed unto her ; as also the occupation for
and during his life only, of one ring of gold, enamelled black, and
set round with diamonds, to the number of twenty, whereof rive
being placed in the upper part of the said ring, do represent the
fashion of a cross ; and, likewise, the sole use of one picture, of
the late famous Queen Elizabeth, being cut out of an agate, with
excellent similitude, oval fashion, and set in gold, with twenty-
six rubies about the circle of it, and one orient pearl pendant to
the same ; and, likewise the sole use of one ring of gold, enna-
melled black, wherein is set a great table diamonde, beyng perfect
and pure, and of much worthe; and likewise, the sole use of one
cheyne of gold, Spanish work, conteinging in it forty-eight several
pieces of gold, of diverse sorts, ennamelled white, wherein are
one hundred and forty four diamonds. And after the decease of
his said son Buckhurst, he bequeaths the like sole use and occu-
pation of the said ring sec with twenty diamonds, and of the said
picture of the late Queen Elizabeth, and of the said ring with the
great table diamond, and of the said cheyne, Spanish work, set

134 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

with one hundred and forty-four diamonds, and of all and every
of them, to his grandson Richard Sackville, his eldest son, for and
during his life only. And, after his decease, then unto the next
heir male begotten of the bodye of the said Richard Sackville, for
and during his life only : and so from heir male to heir male, of
the Sackvilles, after the decease of every one of them, severally
and successively ; charging, and earnestly requiring (as his own
words are) all and every my said heire males before specified,
even as they reguard the last request of him, by whose great
travell, care, and industry ; yf the divine providence of God, that
hath vouchsafed to give yt, shall so please to continue yt, they are
like to receive the addition and advancement of so great honoure,
possessions and patrimony j that allthough percase, in the strict
course of the common laws of this realme, th' entayle of goodes
and chattells maye hardlie stande uprighte; that yet for the pre-
servation and contynewance of this guifte of myne ; namelie, of
the saied two ringes, picture, and chayne of gould, intended, by
me, to remayne as an heirloome to the house and familie of the
Sackvilles, so longe asAlmightie God (according to theeffectes of
his former goodness unto that house, by the contynewance thereof,
during the space of so many hundred yeres past) shall please to
behold the same ; they, and every of them will forbear, in any
sorte, to appugne yt, or to bringe yt in question, or to brandle or
controverte the will of theire so well deserving auncestorj and
specialle in a matter so honest, reasonable, fitt, and convenyent as
this is : but rather with all willing, readie and contented myndes,
to suffer the same to passe as an heirlome from heir male to heir
male, according to the true intent and meaning of this my last
will and testament in that behalfe. All and every which saied
fower Jewells before specified ; as namelie, the saied two rynges,
the sayed picture, and the saied cheyne j but far above all the rest,
the saied rynge sett all over with twentie diamondes, as ys afore-
sayed ; I desire and chardge my sayed sonne Buckhurst, upon my
blessing, and, in like sorte, all other the heires male, whom God
shall vouchsaffe from age to age, to raise unto my house and
familie, and unto whom (yf the highest so pleases) my hartie de-
sire and meaning is, the sayed two rynges, picture, and cheyne,
but far above all the rest, the sayd ringe set with twenty dia-
mondes, as ys aforesayed, may lyniallie and successively descend
and come for ever; namelie, that with all provident care and
heedful circumspection, they will saffelie keepe, reteyne, and pre-
serve, all and every the sayed two rynges, picture and cheyne,

DUKE OF DORSET. 135

but speciallie the sayed rynge set with twenty diamonds, as ys
aforesayed, may lyniallie and successively descend and come for
ever. And to the intent they may knowe howe just and great
cause both they and I have to hould the sayed rynge, with twentie
diamonds, in so highe esteeme : yt is most requisite, that I do
here set downe the whole course and circumstance, howe and
from whome the same rynge did come to my possession, which
was thus :

u In the beginning of the monetbe of June, one thousand sixe
hundred and scaven, this rynge thus sett with twenty diamondes,
as ys aforesayed, was sent unto me from my most gracious Sove-
raigne King James, by that honourable personage, the Lord Haye,
one of the gentlemen of his Highness bed-chamber, the courte
then being at Whitehall in London, and I at that tyme remayn-
ing at Horsley house in Surrey, twentie miles from London, where
I laye in suche extremitye of sickness, as yt was a common and a
constant reporte all over London that I was dead, and the same
confidence •affirmed even unto the Kinge's Highnes himselfe;
upon which occasion, yt pleased his most excellent Majestie, in
token of his gracious goodness, and great favoure towards me, to
send the saied Lord Hay with the nnge, and this royal message
unto me, namelie, that his Highness wished a speedie and a per-
fect recoverye of my healthe, with all happie and good successe
unto me, and that I might live as long as the dyamonds of that
rynge {which therewithall he delivered unto me) did endure, and,
in token there of required me to weare yt, and keep it for his
sake. This most gracious and comfortable message, restored a
new life unto me, as coming from so renowned and benigne a
Soveraigne, unto a servaunte so farre unworthie of so great a
favour j and upon whom, not long before, yt had pleased his Ma-
jestie, yea in that very firste daye, wherein we all had the happi-
ness to behould hym, not only to bestowe the honor of a privie
councellor, but also without any awnswerable desert or meritt of
myne preceading, to confirme that most honourable place of
Heigh Treasurer of England unto me, which the late Queen
Elizabeth, after fourteen yeres service, and tenne yeres following
her courte, but not before, vouchsafed, I must needs yet saye,
most graciouslye, so soone as it became voide, to graunte unto
me. And, likewise, within a shorte tyme after, to advance both
me and my succession, to the heighe honor and degree of an
Earle, which is, and shall be to me, my house and posteritie, an
everlasting demonstration, as well of his great benefitt to us, as

136 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

of our infinite bond to hym therebie for ever ; the which inexpli-
cable goodness of his Majestie towardes me, besides many lustres
of his brighte shyning favores from tyme to tyme cast upon me,
do give me just cause to acknowledge, that I am no wayes able to
meritt, noe not the least part of them; but onlie with humble
and infinite earnesiye of my harte, in desire to deserve j which I
can yet no wayes manifest, but by that faithfull testimonye which
shall never fail in me ; namelie, by demonstration of myne un-
cessante cares, labours, and auctuall endeavours for the behoofe
and furtherance of his Majesties services at the leaste, thereby to
shewe that good will which is in me, thoughe I cannot shewe
that effect which is due to hym, since all that I possible can, or
maye doe, ys but meere debt and dutye : and so in that course to
spende suche remayne of life, as ys left unto me ; yea even to the
very last of my days here. And when I am dead and gone, yf
ever occasion may, or shall be offered to any of my posterity, to
do his Majestie, or any of his, any acceptable service hereafter;
then let them hould and esteem themselves most happie, yf with
the expence of life, and of the fortunes that this world shall give
them, they may actuallie approve and witnesse with effect, that
they ar not only most loyal and dutiful vassals to this Ymperiall
crowne 5 but also the most faithfull and thanckfull sonnes and
sequele of such a servante, as was more bound unto King James,
his liege master, than ever subject was unto his Sovereigne, espe-
ciallie he being such a Soveraigne, adorned with such excellent
parts of justice, clemencie and goodnes, endewed with so admir-
able giftes of memorie, learning and judgmente, and finallie
bewtified with so many regal graces and vertues so farre beyond
all the Kinges and Princes that ether written storye, or this pre-
sente age hathe to present unto us, as I knowe not howe any
greater honor and felicitie can possiblie be added to the ymperial
crown of, and in this Greate Brittany, by his undowbted righte
so happily united unto us, then we now presentlie possesse and
enjoye in the royall person of this so renowned and so rare a
Kinge ; beseeching the eaternall God, that he and his may ever-
more both rule and reign over us, yea even as longe as the sonne
and moone endurethe ; and that I and mine may for ever become
more and more thankfull (at the least, yf it be possible in me)
for so great honors, graces, and favors, as this most clement and
renowned Kinge hath thus most graciouslie vouchsafed unto me.
The remembrance of which, because yt may never dye, but be
perpetuallie recorded in the myndes of those, that by the grace

DUKE OF DORSET. 137

and goodnes of Almightie God both now ar, and hereafter shall
be, the lineall stirpe and succession of my house and familie, to
serve both hym and his ; I have here, therefore, set downe this
short narration of the true state and circumstance of the whole
matter, to the intent yt may remayne to my posteritie hereafter*
as a faithful memorye thereof, even in this my last will and testa-
ment for ever. Also yt shall not be ympertinent, that I do like-
wise set down the manner and circumstance, howe those other
three Jewells aforesaid j namelie, the saeid picture of the late
Queen Elizabeth, the saeid rynge set with a great table diamonde,
and the^saied cheyne of goulde sett with a hundred fortie fower
diamonds, did come to my handes and possession ; whereof the
sayed picture was bequeathed unto me by my sister, the Lady
Anne Dacres, deceased, as a specialle remembrance of her love
(and so expressed in her will) unto me, being a guifte which she
very well did knowe, would, of all other, be most pleasing and
acceptable unto me; I havyng receyved from her Majcstie, many
special graces and favoures j as, first, in my younger yeres, beyng
by her particular choice and liking, selected to a contynewall pri-
vate attendance upon her owne person, and ymediately after my
father's decease, by calling me to be a Baron, and Piere of the
realme ; and next, to the honour of the moste noble order of the
Garter ; then at two several tymes, with the honor of her embas-
sador speciall, abowte matters of great trust and importance : as,
first, into Fraunce, concerning a secreate treatie of a marriage
betwixt her Majestie and Henry the fourthe sonne of Harrie the
eighte of Fraunce, begun with her by Katharine de Medices, then
queen mother of Fraunce. And after into the Low Countries,
abowte motion of a peace betwixte her Majestie and Spayne,
under hande first moved to her Highness, even by the Duke of
Parma himselfe, and by me to be ympnrted to ihe States, and
with them to debate the consideration thereof; and, after this,
by choosing me to be one of her privie council : and, last of all,
by advauncing me to a most emineht place of great state and dig-
nitie in the commonwealthej as, namelie, to be Highe Treasurer
of England; which she did, notwithstanding a most earnest op-
position of some greater persons, whoe then very mightilie with-
stood the same. All which favoures were much the more to be
esteemed by me, because they proceeded from her that may
justlie be accompted amonge the nomber of the most rarest,
wisest, and worthiest Queens of the worlde ; of whom may I
trulie say, that whilst she lived, she was so fearful and formidable

138 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

to all her enemyes abroade, gratefull and faithfull to her confe-
derate friends and neighbours ; and, lastlie, at home, by all her
servants and subjects, both hartely beloved, loyallie obeyed -, and
now that she is gone to God, her blessed name remayneth glo-
rious and famous to all posteritie and nations j yea, even to the
very uttermost endes of the worlde. Likewise the saied rynge of
gould, with the great table diamond, sett therein togeather with
the saied eheyne of gould, Spanish work«, and with a hundred
fortie-fower diamondes therein set, were also given unto me by
the Kinge of Spaynej I beyng then a commissioner, deputed
with other, by my most gracious Soveraigne Kinge James, at his
first entrance into this kingdome, for the conclusion of the peace
betwixt my saied renowned Soveraigne of the one part, and the
saied Kinge of Spayne, and the Arch Dukes of the other partie :
the which peace I beseeche the God of Heaven may longe conti-
newe to the publicke weale and good, first and principallie of out-
most gracious Soveraigne, and of his heires and successors for
ever, and next of the saied Kinge of Spayne, and Arch Dukes, so
long as they remayne firme and faithfull friends unto the crowne
of Great Britaynej since yt is a truthe infallible, that the firme
and faithfull conjunction of these twoe crownes and Arch Dukes
togeather, and theire strengths and prosperities encreasing and
contynewing in the course of true love and amitye with each
other, shall not onlie bring saffetie to themselves and theire estates,
but make them allso bothe famous and formidable,, even to all
foraigne princes whatsoever.

He further bequeaths to his " dearly beloved wife, during
her life, the use and custody of one Jewell of gold, being a fair
colar, containing 27 pieces, and one little pendant Jewell, fixed to
the middle peece thereof, of which 27 pieces, 6 are enamelled
white, and made like to the fashion of a rose, and so resembleth
a white rose, with a table rubie in the midst of every one, and a
fair pearle, pendant to the same : and other 6 of the said 27 pieces
are enamelled red, and made in fashion as the former : and other
14 pieces of the said 27 are set between every the said white and
red roses, to make a division between them, having fair round
orient pearl, fastened to either end : and the last of the 27 pieces,
being in the middle, doth likewise resemble the fashion of a rose,
having one big diamond in the midst thereof, and nine lesser
about it : at the end of which middle piece is fixed a little pen-
dant jewell, and in the upper part, is sett a fair great table rubie,
and under it a very fair iarge and longe table diamond, of great

DUKE OF DORSET. 139

price, with a fair orient great pearl pendant to the same. And
likewise three other Jewells richly sett with diamonds, rubies,
pearl, &c. described in the same manner; which four Jewells he
gives and bequeaths after her decease, to the Lord Buckhurst his
eldest son, during his life, and after his decease, to his grandson
Richard Sackvile, during his life, and then to his next heir male,
for and during life ; and so from heir male to heir male of the
Sackviles, severally and successively, for and during their lives.
And wills, that as often as his next heir male, at the time of the
decease of his ancestor, shall fortune to be within age, that then^
and in such case, the executor or executors shall, with all conve-
nient speed, demand the said ring of gold with 20 diamonds, the
said picture of Queen Elizabeth, and the other Jewells before spe-
cified ; and after receiving them, shall make choice of one prin-
cipal discreet person, and of four other trusty and sufficient men
to attend him, and they to carry and conduct the said Jewells to
the New College in Oxford, there to be delivered into the custody
of the warden of the said college, for the time being, and to such
senior fellow as then shall happen to be present there, by writing
indented, containing a description of the said Jewells ; one part
to remain with the said executors or administrators, and the other
part with the said warden and senior fellow, to whose safe cus-
tody he commits them to be kept within the said college in a
strong chest of iron, under two several keys, one to be with the
said warden, and the other with the senior fellow j and when his
said next heir male shall come of age, then, on his request to the
said warden, to be delivered to him, he paying the said warden,
for his trouble, for the first year, ten pounds, and the said senior
fellow, five pounds, and to all the fellows and scholars, for the
encrease of their diet, at some one dinner and supper, twelve
pounds; the more to move them all to a general care and assist-
ance, for the safe keeping and preserving the said Jewells ; but if
the minority of his heir should fortune to continue a long time,
then further sattisfaction to be made.

This travell, care, circumspeccion, and laboure, by the saied
warden and senior fellowe (as his own words are) to be taken
and susteyned as ys aforesaid, being a workeof pietieand charitie,
to further and fulfill the good and godlie intention and wille of
the dead, I am the bolder thus, when I am gone, to recommende
and commit unto them ; the rather because as well the said Lord
Buckhurste, myne eldest sonne, as all other my younger sonnes
were, and have been bred and brought up in their studyes of learn-

140 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

ing within the mures and walles of the saied college ; and for that
me selfe besides havinge the honour to be the chauncellor of that
universitie, have ever ben bothe glad and readie to performe all
good offices, travells, and endeavores, not onlie for the good and
benefit of the whole universitie in generall, but chieflie even for
that college in especiall j so as betwixt that colledge and myselfe,
and between my sonnes and that college, there is, and hath been,
a peculiar and reciprocall bond of speciall love and liking, thus
knytt and tied betwixt us ; whereby I am strengthened with the
more confident hope, that so worthy a warden, sub-warden and
senior, as that colledge, ys like allways to possesse, will not, at
any time, refuse ; both for their own creditt and reputacion, and
in the memorye of hym that was a principal ruler in that univer-
sitie amongst them, and in all their private causes and occasions,
most readie to helpe and further them.

, " He wills to his said son, Buckhurst, all his Georges and
garters of gold whatsoever, not before bequeathed ; and to the
right reverend father in God, John, Archbishop of Canterbury,
his dear good Lord and friend, a ring of gold, enamelled green,
wherein is set, with claws of gold, a fair square table emerald ;
desiring his grace to wear and keep it as a memorial of his hearty
love to him. Also to his special good Lord and friend Thomas,
Lord Ellesmere, Lord Chancellor of England, a pair of gilt
flaggons, with his arms thereon, to be graven, and to contain in
weight 300 ounces of silver; which he requires his executors to
present to him, in his name, desiring his Lordship to use them,
and keep them in remembrance of his hearty love to him. Also
to his very good Lord and kinsman, Charles, Earl of Nottingham,
Lord High Admiral of England, one cheyne of gold made of
wirework, containing 3 foldes, and a George pendant, set on one
side with 11 diamonds and 4 rubies, and the other side ena-
melled ; and one garter of purple velvet, laid on each side with
two cheynes of gold, and divers letters of gold enamelled white,
wherein is set one faier great table rubie ; desiring his Lord-
ship to wear them and keep them as a remembrance of his
hearty love to him. Also to his special good Lord and kins-
man Thomas, Earl of Suffolk, Lord Chamberlain of the King's
House, one cheyne of gold made of wirework, containing
eight foldes, and having a George pendant, set on one side
with nine diamonds and seven rubies, and the other side with
seven diamonds and nine rubies, and one garter, with two cheynes,

&c. also one ring of gold enamelled black, wherein is set a great

DUKE OF DORSET. HI

diamond rising slope to the form of a little table in the top ; and
one other ring of gold enamelled black, set with claws of gold,
like to the form of a slow worm, desiring his Lordship to wear
them and keep them in remembrance of his heartie love to him.
Also to his dear good Lord and friend, Gilbert, Earl of Shrews-
bury, one ring of gold enamelled black, set with a fair pointed
diamond, and one gold George on both sides enamelled, and with
three little cheynes at top to hang it by ; as also one garter of
purple velvet, with two cheynes of gold, and divers letters of
gold, enamelled blue, and set with one diamond at the end ; de-
siring his Lordship to wear and keep them in remembrance of his
heartie love to him. Also to his very good Lord and friend,
William, Earl of Worcester, one ring of gold enamelled white,
wherein is set with claws of gold, a fair emeral, cut lozengewise,
and rising slopewise, to the form of a little table in the top, and
standing without a foile ; and one gold George enamelled, and
three cheynes at top to hang it by; and one garter of purple
velvet, with two cheynes of gold on each side, and divers letter*
of plain gold, and with six trafles enamelled white, to make a
separation between the words ; desiring his Lordship to wear and
keep them as a remembrance of his heartie love to him. Also to
his very good Lord and friend, Harry, Earl of Northampton, one
ring of gold, enamelled white, set with a great square emerald
rising slope to the form of a table in the topp, and one fair large
George of blue agat stone on the one side, formed out of the agat
itself, the picture of St. George on horseback, set with six dia-
monds and six rubies, and on the other, the like picture is formed
in gold enamelled, set with 12 diamonds and 12 rubies, and one
great pearl pendant ; desiring his Lordship to wear them, and
keep them as a remembrance of his hearty love to him. Also to
his singular good Lord, his most special and dearest friend, the
Earl of Salisbury, one cheyne of gold, of open Spanish work,
enamelled with divers colours, and containing 51 several pieces
of three several sorts, whereof 13 pieces, being of the biggest sort,
oval fashion, hang in the cheyne longwise; and other 13 pieces,
being of a lesser sort, hang in the cheyne cross ovalwise, and 25
other pieces, of the least sort, made to hold and knitt together
the two other sorts of oval fashion, do all together make the form
of a fair cheyne with a George on both sides, pendant to the same,
and set on each side thereof, with 3 rubies and 12 diamonds;
and likewise a garter of purple velvet, with two cheynes of gold
on each side, and divers letters of gold enamelled white, set with

142 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

12 diamonds and one great diamond in the midst of the buckle !
and one ring enamelled black, set with a fair great diamond rising
slope to a little table in the top j and one ring of gold enamelled
white, set with a fair table rubie; and one ring of gold likewise
enamelled white, is set with claws of gold, and a fair rock rubie $
and one ring of gold enamelled black, wherein is set, with claws
of gold, a rare opal, fashioned like a heart j desiring his Lordship
(as his own words are) to weare them, and keepe them as faith-
full memoryes of my most hartie love unto him j beyng most
assured, that his Lordshippe, according to the noblenes of his
owne nature, and the sincere meritt of my true harte to wardes
hym, which allwayes hathe ben, and ever will be, so longe as life
endureth, as firmlie and as trulie devoted and knitt unto hym, as
yt is possible for one friende to be unto another: with which
faithfull bond, the heavenlie God doth know, I have felt my harte
theise many yeres, fast, tyed unto hym, not onlie in respect of
those privat, particular benefittes and favoures, which he so often
and so amply hath shewed, both towardes me and myne (wherein
me selfe likewise, neither hath, nor will be found so ungratefull
either unto hym, or any other, as not to seeke, to the best of my
power, ever, with all kyndness and thankfullness, to requite the
same agayne :) but allso, and most chiefelie even in regarde of
his publique meritt, both towards his Majestie and this common
wealthe. Wherein, when I behold the heavie weight of so many
grave and great affaires which the special dutie of his place, as
principall secretarie, doth daylie and necessarilie cast upon hym \
and do noate withall, what infinite cares, crosses, laboures, and
travells of body and minde, he doth thereby contynewallie sus-
teyne and undergo. And, lastly, to see with how great dexteritie,
sinceritie and judgment he dothe accomplishe and performe the
painfull service of that place. Theise divine virtues of his, so in-
cessantlie exercised and employed for the good of the publique, I
must confesse have made me long since so greatlie to love, honour,
and esteem hym, and so firmelie and faithfullie fixed my harte
unto him, as I daylie and hartelie praye unto Almightie God, to
contynewe all strengthe and abilitie, both of body and mynde, in
hym, that he syncke not under the weighte of so heavie a burden ;
and that the Kinge's Majestie, in him, may many yeres enjoye
the fruitefull laboures of so worthy a servaunte j and he, in the
Kinge's Majestie, may longe possesse the gracious favoure and
love of the most judicious, learned, and rarest Kinge that ever
this worlde produced. By the hand of whose royal and prudent

DUKE OF DORSET. 143

direction, and the grave advise of those other wise and faith full
councellors, to his highnes, he may help to guyde and stere the
stern of this estate, in the course of safetie and plentiful pros-
perities allways keeping and preserving the shipp of this common
weale, within the porte and haven of flourishing peace, so often
blessed even by God himselfe : and that yt may there rest fast
fixed to the sacred anchor of our securitie and quyet, and not
uppon the rising of every puff of wynde, to hoise and sayle into
those deepe and dangerous seas, surged and bellowed with the
stormes, and tempestes of hellishe warre, and where no better
efiectes ar, or can be expected, then contynewall doubtes, perills
and feares of many woefull wrackes, raiseryes and calamities to
fall upon us. Thus I have faithfullie set downe, in some sorte,
the noble partes of this honorable Earle, whoe besides suche, his
worthines and sufficiencey for the publique service, both of his
Soveraigne and countrey, ys allso framed of so sweet a nature, so
full of mildness, courtesy, honest myrthe, bovvntie, kyndness, gra-
titude and discourse, so easily reconciled to his foe, and eveimore
so true unto his friend, as I may justlie say, yt were one of the
chiefest felicities that in this worlde we can possessc, to live, con-
verse, and spend oure whole life in mutual love and friendshipp
with such a one: of whose excellent vertues, and sweete condi-
tions so well knowen to me, in respect of our longe communica-
tion by so many years in most true love and friendshipp together,
I am desirous to leave some faithfull remembraunce in this my
last will and testament, that synce the livinge speeche of my
tounge, when I am gone from hence, must then cease and speake
no more j that yet the livinge speeche of my prune, which never
dieth, may herein thus for ever trulie testifie and declare the
same. r

" He furthermore wills and bequeaths unto his special good
Lord and friend, the Earl of Dunbar, a pair of gilt flaggons with
his arms thereon to be graven, of the weight of 300 oz. of silver,
which he requires his executors to cause to be made immediately
after his decease, and to present them, in his name, to his Lord-
ship, desiring him to use them, and keep them as a memorial of
his hearty love to him. Also to the reverend the Bishop of
London, his dear good Lord and friend, a ring of gold enamelled

r This is a most extraordinary testimony to the character of Salisbury*
which, though it seems to wear the colours of flattery, must in such a solerr.n
instrument be taken to be sincere.

144 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

black, wherein is set an emerald of the old myne on a foyle, being
tabled long wise, desiring his Lordship to wear it as a remem-
brance of his hearty love to him. Also to his very loving and
dear friend Sir Julius Caesar, Knight, Chancellor, and under trea-
surer of the Exchequer, a pair of gilt flaggons of 300 ounces, or
thereabouts, desiring him to use and keep them as a remembrance
of his hearty love to him. Also to his dear friend and chaplain
Dr. Abbot, Dean of Winchester (he was afterwards Archbishop
of Canterbury) a bason and ewer gilt, with his arms thereon to
be graven, and to contain 100 ounces, which he requires his ex-
ecutors to cause to be made, and present to him, desiring him to
keep them as a remembrance of his hearty love to him. Also to
his dearly beloved son-in-law, Anthony Brown, Viscount Mon-
tague, a great gilt cup, with his arms therein to be graven, of the
weight of 200 ounces, desiring his Lordship to keep them as a re-
membrance of his hearty love to him. Also to his most dearly
beloved son-in-law, Sir Henry Nevill, Knight, son and heir ap-
parent to Edward, Lord Bergavenny, all household furniture, &c.
which, at the time of his decease, shall happen to remain at the
court, and appointed for his use at the court, desiring his said
most dearly beloved son-in-law, to accept it as a remembrance of
his hearty love to him. Also to his dear friend Sir Henry Hub-
berd, his Majesties Attorney General, a most learned, wise, and
worthy gentleman, a pair of gilt flaggons, with his arms thereon
to be graven, and of the weight of 300 ounces of silver, desiring
him to keep them as a remembrance of his hearty love to him.
Also to his very loving friend Richard Amherst, Esquire, s high
steward of all his manors, landes and possessions within the county
of Sussex, the same of 40/. and to his loving servants, Foster, the
sume of 100 marks; Edward Legg, and Edward Lynsey, 40/. and
to all and every of his servants set down in his book of wages at
the time of his decease, not having any yearly annuities or pen-
sions for their lives, or years, one whole year's wages, and meat,
drink, and lodging for the space of three months after his de-
cease.

" He finally wills to his well beloved son Robert, Lord Buck-
hurst, his heirs, executors and assigns, all and every his other
farms, leases, devises, leters patents, and grants, not already
willed and bequeathed, and which either he himself, or any other

« He was elder brother of the Rev. Jeffery Amherst, ancestor of Lord
Amherst.

DUKE OF DORSET. 145

for him, holdeth and possesseth ; and constitutes and ordeyns his
said most dearly beloved wife, the Lidy Cecilie, Countess of
Dorset, and his said well beloved son Robert, Lord Buckhurst,
joint executors, on the great trust and confidence he reposes in
them, and each of them, that they will carefully, faithfully and
truly perform this his last will and testament. And constitutes
and ordeyns his special good Lord and dear friend and kinsman
Thomas, Earl of Suffolk, and his special and most dearly beloved
good Lord and friend Robert, Earl of Salisbury, supervisors of hi*
will, hartily desiring these his two singular good Lords and
dearest friends, to aid and support his said executors with their
ready help and assistance. Recommending, in like manner, to
their special favour and defence, as well his said most dearly be-
loved wife and well beloved son, the Lord Buckhurst, as all the
rest of his sons and daughters, into the safeguard of their most
honourable patronage ; of whose firrae and true freindshippe (as
his own words are, with which he concludes like as I shall all-
vayes rest with greatest confidence, so mustyt be the lesse grievous
•unto myne, yf others, of whomel have righte well deserved, shall
neverrhelesse, when I am gone, perhaps soone foiget the me-
morye of my deserte towardes them j considering as well the
greate incertitude of mortall comfortes, as the common ingratitude
of this iniquitous world, where, for the most parte, mishkes, and
misconceipts, thoughe never so unjustly apprehmded, ar graven
in brasse, and good tournes and benefit tes, thoughe never so
kindlie bestowed, ar written in the duste."

THO. DORSETT.

His Lady was his kinswoman, Cecile, daughter of Sir John
Baker, of Sis'mghurst, Knight, and surviving his Lordship, lies
buried in the chaprl of Buckhurst, under a handsome tomb erected
to her memory, with this inscription.

Cicely Countesse Dowager of Dorset,

daughter of S John Baker of Cyssin gen hurst

in Kent, Councillor of Estate to H. vin King

Edw. Q. M and Q. Eliz. She married to Thomas

Sackvile Esq. (afterwards Earl of Dorset &

Lo. Tr. of Engl:) in the first yeate of the Raigne

of King Phil: and Q. M. She lived his Wife li yeares,

died his Widow on Sunday the first of Octob. A°.

D'ni M. DC. XV. seaven years and five montehs

after his decease.

VOL. II. L

146 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

They had l issue, first, Robert, second Earl of Dorset ; second*
Henry; third, William, who was knighted, in France, u by King
Henry IV. in October 1589, at tne age of nineteen years,x and lost
his life in the wars, in that country, in 15QI j fourth, Thomas,
who distinguished himself against the Turks, in 1595. Also
three daughters, y Anne, married to Sir Henry Glemham of Glem-
ham in com. SurT. ; Jane, wedded (in February, 1591) to An-
thony, Lord Viscount Montague -, and Mary, to Sir Henry
Neville, son and successor to Edward, Lord Abergavenny, whom
he succeeded in that title.

Robert, eldest son and heir, second Earl of Dorset, wasz
forty-seven years old and upwards, at the decease of his father, as
isa evident from the inquisition taken after his death, at East
Grinsted, on September 5th, 1609, which shews that he left him
a very great estate, viz. the manor and barony of Buckhurst, and
Stoneland park j the manors of Chalvington, Claverham, Chid-
ingley, Chartness, Fiskeridge, Bowldy, Withiam, alias Mounken
court, Collingherst, Wellington, Tavelberst, Wellington Froyer-
serle, Madsey, alias East Bourne manor, Torring, Nevile, Peeling,
alias Westham, and the rectory $ and divers other manors and
lands in Sussex, Kent, Essex, and Middlesex. He was educated
at New College in Oxford, as his noble father declares in his will.
He attained several languages,1' and was as deeply learned in
Greek and Latin, as his own natural tongue j having also a sin-
gular knowledge c in many sciences. In the house of commons,
he * was a leading member, and at the head of several committees
(as the journals of the house shew) having been e elected for the
borough of Lewes in the thirty-first year of Queen Elizabeth,
and in all other parliaments, whilst he continued a commoner,
was chosen for the county of Sussex. He lived in the dignity of
an Earl not a full year j and by his will, dated February 10th,
16O8-9, orders, " His body to be buried in the vault in the parish
church of Withiam, where divers of his ancestors lie buried, as
near as can be to his first dearly beloved wife, the Lady Margaret,
only daughter of Thomas, late Duke of Norfolk, a Lady, (as

1 Descent of Nob. ut antea MS. not. B ?i. p. 63.

« Mills's Cat. of Hon. p. 413. x Ex Stemmate ut antea.

1 Desc. of Nob- MS not. B. 20 and 21.

1 Esc. 7 Jac. I. p- 2. n no.

» Cole's Escaet. lib. 5. Not.6i. A. 16. in Bibl.Harley, p. 35, 36, 44.

b Mills's Cat. of Hon. p. 114. c Ibid.

* Journ de Pari, in Bibl. Int. Tempi. e Ex Collect. Br. Willis, Arm.

DUKE OF DORSET. 14;

his own words are,) whilest she lyved, of as great vertue and
worthynes, and indued with as many excellent properties of a
good and sociable wief, as is possible for any man to wish or de-
sire to be matched withal. He orders, that instead of the charge
usually expended in the burial of noblemen, which he thinks pre-
judicial to the poor, that his executors use no great solemnity at
his funeral, but distribute xxx/. among the poor of the parish of
Withiam ; xxx/. among the poor of the parish of East Grinsted;
xxx/. among the poor of the parish of Hartfield j and the sum of
xx/. to the poor of every the parishes of Southover, St. Mary
Westout, and St. Anne's, St. Michael's, Alhallows, St. John's
under the Castle of Lewes, and the Clirie, within the county of
Sussex.

" He further wills, that two or three hundred pounds, as his
executors think best, be bestowed on a tomb, to be erected in his
chapel, in the church of Withiam, and his own figure, with the
iigure of the Lady Margaret his wife, to be placed thereon, as also
his children, as well those that were dead, as those who were
living. He bequeaths to his very good Lord and brother-in-law,
the Lord William Howard (whom he constitutes one of his ex-
ecutors) the sum of 200i. to be laid out either in some ring or
plate, which shall be best to his liking, as a token of his great love
and good will ever carried towards him ; and to his faithful and
dear friend, Sir George Rivers, of ChafFord in Kent, Knight, (his
other executor) the sum of 100/. to be laid out in plate, as a testi-
mony and remembrance of his true and unfeigned love ever
carried towards him. Also to his loving friend Robert Boyer,
Esq. 40/. for a cup, as a testimony of his love and good will many
ways merited ; and to his honest servant Henry Bellingham, the
summe of fifty pounds, and to all his household servants one
, year's wages, over the wages due to them. The residue of all
and singular his plate, jewels, household stuff, money, debts, leases,
goods, &c. he bequeaths to the said Lord William Howard, and
Sir George Rivers, Knight, on special trust and confidence, and
to such intents and purposes, as are after expressed in his will.
And, particularly, that all such jewels, plate, &c. as were to him
bequeathed by the last will and testament of his late good Lord
and father deceased, should always go, according to the intent
and meaning of the said testament of his dearest father, from one
heir male to another.

a And whereas he had been long, and was still purposed to
build and erect an hospital or college in the town of East Grinsted,

148 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

and to bestow on the building thereof the sum of 1000/. or such
sume as shall be necessary j and to endow the same with a rent
charge of 330/. a year, to be issuing out of all and singular his
lands within the realm of England for ever, towards the relief of
3 I single and unmarried persons, whereof 21 to be men, and the
other 10 to be women, there to live, to pray, serve, honour and
praise Almighty God.

u He therefore wills, that his executors (if he should not live
to perform the same) purchase a convenient place in the said
town or parish of East Grinsted, thereupon to erect and build the
said hospital, or college, of brick and stone, with rooms of habita-
tion for the said one and thirty persons, and incorporate the same,
according to the laws and statutes of this realm, by the name of
Sackvil College for the Poor; and that one of the said thirty-one
persons be Warden of the said college, and two of the honest and
better sort of the inhabitants of the town of East Grinsted, assist-
ants to the said warden -, to be elected and chosen from time to
time, by his heirs and successors, for the better government of the
said college. The said warden to have xx/. per annum, and each
of the two assistants 3/. 6s. 8d. per annum, and every of the other
30 poor people x/. per annum, paid at the four usual feasts of the
year, by equal portions : also, that his said executors, with the
advice of learned council, should set down such good and neces-
sary orders and ordinances, whereby the said college and corpo-
ration might be ruled and governed. And that his heirs, with
the consent of the Lord Chief Justice of England, for the time
being, should have full power and authority to add new orders
and ordinances, from time to time, for the better government of
the persons in the said college. And as often as any of the said
persons died or married, or otherwise departed, his heirs should
place others in their rooms. And for the maintenance of the said
persons and college, he gives and devises to his said executors,
their heirs and assigns, one annuity of three hundred and thirty
pounds, to'be issuing out of all and singular his lands and tene-
ments in the said county of Sussex, or elsewhere, within the realm
of England, to be paid at the four usual feasts of the year, or
within 60 days next after, by even portions."

"This noble Earl departed this life f at Dorset House near
Fleet-street, London, on February 25th, IGO8-9, an^ was buried
at WUhiam, where a noble monument is erected to his memory,

f Esc. 7 Ja I. p.2, n. 128.

DUKE OF DORSET. Ug

according to his directions in his will j which shews he had the
same honour, charity, &c. as his great father ; and died possessed
of the same estate, s as appears by the inquisition taken after his
decease j and Richard, his son and heir, was nineteen years,
eleven months, and three days old, at his death.

His first Lady was Margaret, only daughter of Thomas
Howard, Duke of Norfolk ; h and she dying on September 4th,
1591,' his Lordship married, secondly, Anne, k daughter of Sir
John Spencer, of Althorp, in com. Northam. widow of Henry,
Lord Compton,1 and before of William Stanley, Lord Mount-
eagle, who survived him, m and died on September 22d, 1618.
But he had issue only by his first wife, first, Thomas, n who died
in his infancy, in 1A81 \ second, Richard, who succeeded him in
his honours j and, third, Edward, successor to his brother Richard :
also three daughters, Winifrede, who died in her infancy, in
1587: Cecily, married to the before mentioned Sir Henry
Compton, Knight of the Bath, third son of Henry, Lord Compton ;
and Anne, first wedded to Edward Seymour, Lord Beauchamp,
grandson to Edward, Earl of Hertford, and afterwards to Sir
Edward Lewes, Knight.

Richard Sackvile, third Earl of Dorset,0 born on
March 28lh, 1589, in the Chartreuse, in London (now called the
Charter House) was married to the Lady Anne, daughter and heir
of George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, on February 27th,
16O8-9, in her mother's chamber, in Augustine Friers house, in
London j two days after his father deceased. In ifill, his Lord-
ship travelled iuto France and the Low Countries, on a pre-en-

« Cole, ut antea in Bibl. Harley. h Inscriptio Tumuli.

• Robert Southwell, the Poet, wrote on this occasion, " The Triumphs
over Death, or a Condolatory Epistle for afflicted mindes in the effects of
dying friends, 1595, &c Dedicated to Richard Sackvile, Edward, Cicely, an
Anne S. in which is the following stanza :

''Of Howarde's stemme a glorious branch is dead ;
Sweet lights eclipsed were at her decease ;
In Buckhurst's line she gracious issue spread,
She heaven with two, with four did earth increase ;
Fame, honour, grace gave air unto her breath,
Rest, glory, joys were sequels of her death "

SeeCENsun.LiT. volvi. p. 195.

k A Lady celebrated by her namesake, the Poet of the '• Fairy Queen."

Bridges's Northamptonshire, vol. i. p. 475.

m Cole's Esc lib. 5 in Bib. Harley " Ex Stemmate.

• MS de FamiL de Clifford penes Tho. Dom. Lovel.

150 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

gagement to his grandmother and other of his friends before he
married. He staid beyond the seas about a year, and returned to
his seat at Knowle in Kent, on April 8th, 1612. He lived with
great magnificence and hospitality in his houses at Knowle in
Kent, Bolebrook in Sussex, and Dorset House in London j which
last fell not to him till after the decease of his grandmother,
Cicely, Countess of Dorset, who, at her death, on October 1st,
1615, was more than eighty years of age. This Lord, as appears
by the funeral certificate taken by Sampson Lennard, Blue mantle,
pursuivant of arms, died in Great Dorset House, London, when
he was just thirty-five years old, on March 28th, 1(324, being
Easter Sunday, at twelve o'clock at noon, and was buried on
April 7th following, with his ancestors, in their vault in Withiam
church, in Sussex, He had one son, Thomas, Lord Buckhurst,
who died in his infancy, and two daughters (that survived him)
Lady Margaret, born at Dorset House, on July 2d, l6l4, and on
April 21st, 1629, married to John Tufton, Earl ofThanet; and
Lady Isabella, born at Knowle in Kent, on October 6th, 1022,
and married on July 5th, 1647, to James Compton, Earl of
Northampton.

Anne, his Countess, enjoyed in her own right, great and ex-
tensive possessions, which she left to her grandson, the Earl of
Thanet. She was remarried on June 3d, 1 630, to Philip Herbert,
Earl of Pembroke (Lord Chamberlain to King Charles I.) and
died his widow at her castle of Broughham, March 22d, 1675, and
was buried in the vault under the parish church of St. Laurence,
at Appleby, in Cumberland, p She was a Lady of an admirable
judgment, and has left the occurrences of her own life in manu-
script, wherein she has given the account before mentioned of the
Earl of Dorset, as also this character of his Lordship : " He was
in his own nature of a just mind, of a sweet disposition, and very
valiant in his own person : he had a great advantage in his breed-
ing, by the wisdom and discretion of his grandfather Thomas„
Earl of Dorset, Lord High Treasurer of England, who was then
held one of the wisest men of that time -, by which means he was
so good a scholar in all manner of learning, that in his youth,
when he lived in the University of Oxford, there was none of the
young nobility then students there, that excelled him. He was
also a good patriot to his country, and generally well beloved in it,
much esteemed in all the parliaments that sat in his time 5 and so

p Lc Neve's Mon. Ang. vol. ii. p. 168.

DUKE OF DORSET. 154

great a lover of scholars and soldiers,, as that with an excessive
bounty towards them, or indeed any of worth that were in dis-
tress, he did much diminish his estate : as also, with excessive
prodigality in house keeping, and other noble ways at court, as
tilting, masking, and the like j Prince Henry being then alive,
who was much addicted to those noble exercises, and of whom
he was much beloved."

Edward, his brother, who succeeded as fourth Earl op
Dorset, was born in the year 1590, having been accomplished
by study and travels, was early distinguished for his eminent
abilities.

" The Earl of Dorset," says Lord Clarendon, " was to all
intents, principles, and purposes, another man ; (than Philip Earl
of Montgomery ;) his person beautiful and graceful and vigorous >
his wit pleasant, sparkling and sublime, and his other parts of
learning and language of that lustre, that he could not miscarry
in the world. The vices he had were of the age, which he was
not stubborn enough to contemn or resist. He was a younger
brother, grandson to the great Treasurer Buckhurst, created at th«
King's first entrance Earl of Dorset, who outlived his father, 1
and took care and delight in the education of his grandchild, and
left him a good support for a younger brother ; besides a wife
who was heir to a fair fortune. As his person and parts were
such as are before mentioned, so he gave them full scope without
restraint) and indulged to his appetite all the pleasures that
season of his life (the fullest of jollity and riot of any that pro-
ceeded or succeeded) could tempt or suggest to him.

" He entered into a fatal quarrel upon a subject very unwar-
rantable with a young nobleman of Scotland, the Lord Bruce ;
upon which they both transported themselves into Flanders, and
attended only by two chirurgeons placed at a distance, and under
an obligation not to stir, but at the fall of one of them, they
fought under the walls of Antwerp, where the Lord Bruce fell
dead upon the place } and Sir Edward Sackville (for so he was
then called) being likewise hurt, retired into the next monastery,
which was at hand. Nor did this miserable accident, which he
always exceedingly lamented, make that thorough impression
upon him, but that he indulged still too much to those importu-
nate and insatiate appetites, even of that individual person, that

A mistake.

152 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

had so lately embarked him in that desperate enterprize ; being
too much tinder not to be inflamed with those sparks.

u His elder brother did not enjoy bis grandfather's titles many-
years, before they descended, for want of heirs male, to the-
younger brother. But in these few years the elder, by an excess
of expenee in all the ways to which money can be applied, so en-
tirely consumed almost the who^e great fortune that descended to*
him, that when he was forced to leave the title to his younger
brother, he left upon the matter nothing to him to support it j.
which exposed him to many difficulties and inconveniences. Yet
his known great parts, and the very good general reputation he
had acquired, notwithstanding his defects (for as he was eminent
in the |iouse of commons, whilst he sat there, so he shined in the
house of peers when he came to move in that sphere) inclined
King James to call him to his privy -council before his death.
And if he had not too much cherished his natural constitution
and propensity, and been too much grieved and wrung by an un-
easy and strait fortune,- he would have been an excellent man of
business, for he had a very sharp discerning spirit, and was a man
of an obliging nature, much honour and gteat generosity, and of
most entire fidelity to the crown."

A particular relation of this duel which happened in 1613,
(as I find it in a' manuscript in Queen's College Library in Ox-
ford) may be acceptable to the curious. It contains first the
letters previous to the duel, and an account of it wrote by the sur-
vivor to his friend, which are as follow :

" A Monsieur, Monsieur Sackvile,

" I that am in France, hear how much you attribute to your-
self in this time, that I have given the world leave to ring your
praises j and for me, the truest almanack, to tell you how much
I suffer. If you call to memory, when as 1 gave you my hand
last, I told you I reserved the heart tor a truer reconciliation.
Now be that noble gentleman, my love once spoke, and come
and do him right that could recite the trials you owe your birth
and country, were I not confident your honour gives you the same
courage to do me right, that it did to do me wrong. Be master of
your own weapons and time j the place wheresoever, I will wait

» E. Lib. MS. in Coll. Reg. Oxon. not Miscell. 1600 to 1630, p. 118.

DUKE OF DORSET. 153

on you. By doing this, you shall shorten revenge, and clear the
idle opinion the world hath of both our worths.

« Ed. Bruce."

" A Monsieur, Monsieur Baron de Kinloss,
tf As it shall be always far from me to seek a quarrel, so will
I be always ready to meet with any that is desirous to make trial
of my valour, by so fair a course as you require. A witness
whereof yourself shall be, who, within a month, shall receive a
strict account of time, place, and weapon, where you shall find
me ready disposed to give honourable satisfaction, by him that
shall conduct you thither. In the mean time, be as secret of the
appointment, as it seems you are desirous of it.

" E. Sackvilb."

" A Monsieur, Monsieur Baron de Kinloss,
M I am at Tergose, a town in Zeland, to give what satisfac-
tion your sword can render you, accompanied with a worthy
gentleman for my second, in degree a Knight. And for your
coming, I will not limit you a peremptory day, but desire you to
make a definite and speedy repair, for your own honour, and feaT
of prevention ; at which time you shall find me there.

u E. Sackvilb."
Tergose, ioth of August, 161 v

" A Monsieur, Monsieur Sackvile,
" I have received your letter by your man, and acknowledge
you have dealt nobly with me 5 and now I come, with all possible
haste, to meet you.

"E Bruce."

Sir Edward Sackvile s relation of the Fight letwixi him and the
Lord Bruce, in a Letter to a Friend,

" Worthy Sir,
a As I am not ignorant, so ought I to be sensible of the false
aspersions some authorless tongues have laid upon me, in the re-
ports of the unfortunate passage lately happened between the
Lord Bruce, and myself; which, as they are spread here, so may I
justly fear, they reign also where you are. There are but two
ways to resolve doubts of this nature } by oath, or by sword. The

154 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

first is due to magistrates, and communicable to friends: the
other, to such as maliciously slander, and impudently defend their
assertion. Your Jove, not my merit, assure me, you hold me your
friend, which esteem 1 am much desirous to retain. Do me there-
fore the right to understand the truth of that, and in my behalf,
inform others, who either are, or may be, infected with sinister
rumours, much prejudicial to that fair opinion I desire to hold
amongst all worthy persons. And, on the faith of a gentleman,
the relation I shall give, is neither more, nor less, than the bare
truth. The enclosed, contains the first citation, sent me from
Paris by a Scotish gentleman, who delivered it me in Derbyshire,
at my father-in-law's house: after it, follows my then* answer,
returned him by the same bearer. The next is my accomplish-
ment of my first promise, being a particular assignation of place,
and weapon, which I sent by a servant of mine, by post from
Rotterdam, as soon as I landed there. The receipt of which,
joined with an acknowledgment of my too fair carriage to the de-
ceased Lord, is testified by the last, which periods the business^
till we meet at Tergose, in Zeland, it being the place allotted for
rendezvous ; where he, accompanied with one Mr. Crawford, an
English gentleman for his second, a surgeon, and a man, arrived
with all the speed he could. And there having rendered himself
I addressed my second, Sir John Heidon, to let him understand,
' That now all following should be done by consent, as concern-
ing the terms whereon we should fight, as also the place.' To
our seconds, we gave power for their appointments, who agreed,
* We should go to Antwerp, from thence to Bergen-op-zoom>
where in the mid W3y, but a village divides the States territories
from the Arch Duke's :' and there was the destined stage j to thfc
end, ' That having ended, he that could, might presently exempt
himself from the justice of the country, by retiring into the do-
minion not offended.' It was further concluded, ' That in case
any should fall, or slip, that then the combat should cease, and
he whose ill fortune had so subjected him, was to acknowledge
bis life to have been in the other's hand.' But, in case one party's
sword should break, because that only could chance by hazard, it
was agreed, • That the other should take no advantage, but either
then be made friends, or else, upon even terms, go to it again.'
Thus these conclusions being, by each of them, related to his
party, was, by us both, approved and assented to. Accordingly,
we embarked for Antwerp, and by reason my Lord (as I conceive,
because he could not handsomely, without danger of discovery)

DUKE OF DORSET. \55

had not paired the sword, I sent him to Paris, bringing one of the
same length, but twice as broad; my second excepted against it,
and advised me to match my own, and send him the choice, which
I obeyed, it being, you know, the challenger's privilege to elect
his weapon. At the delivery of the swords, which was performed
by Sir John Heidon, it pleased the Lord Bruce, to choose my own,
and then, past expectation, he told him, * That he found him-
self so far behind hand, as a little of my blood would not serve
his turn 5 and therefore he was now resolved to have me alone,
because he knew (for I will use his own words) that so worthy a
gentleman, and my friend, could not endure to stand by, and see
him do that, which he must, to satisfy himself and his honour/
Thereunto Sir John Heidon replied, ■ That such intentions were
bloody, and butcherly, far unfitting so noble a personage, who
should desire to bleed for reputation, not for life $' withall add-
ing, ' He thought himself injured, being come thus far, now to
be prohibited from executing those honourable offices he came
for.' The Lord for answer, only reiterated his former resolution.
The which, not for matter, but manner, so moved me, as though,
to my remembrance, I had not, of a long while, eaten more libe-
rally than at dinner, and therefore unfit for such an action (seeing
the surgeons hold a wound upon a full stomach much more
dangerous than otherwise) I requested my second to certify him>
' I would presently decide the difference, and therefore, he should
presently meet me on horseback, only waited on by our surgeons,
they being unarmed.' Together we rode (but one before the
other, some twelve score) about two English miles : and then
passion, having so weak an enemy to assail as my direction, easily
became victor, and using his power, made me obedient to his
commands j I being verily mad with anger the Lord Bruce should
thirst after my life ; with a kind of assuredness, seeing I had
come so far, and needlessly, to give him leave to regain his lost
reputation ; I bad him alight, which, with all willingness, he
quickly granted, and there, in a meadow (ancle deep in water, at
the least) bidding farewell to our doublets, in our shirts began to
charge each bther, having afore commanded our surgeons to with-
draw themselves a pretty distance from us, conjuring them besides,
as they respected our favours, or their own safeties, ■ Not to stir,
but suffer us to execute our pleasures.' We being fully resolved
(God forgive us) to dispatch each other, by what means we could ;
I made a thrust at my enemy, but was short, and in drawing back
my arm, I received a great wound thereon, which I interpreted as a

156 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

reward for my short shooting ; but, in revenge, I pressed in to
him, though I then missed him also; and then I received a wound
in my right pap, which past level through my body, and almost
to my back. And there we wrestled for the two greatest, and
dearest prizes we could ever expect tryal, for honour and life. In
which struggling, my hand having but an ordinary glove on it,
lost one of his servants, though the meanest, which hung by a
skin, and, to sight, yet remaineth as before ; and, I am put in
hope, one day to recover the use of it again. But at last, breath-
less, yet quitting our holds, there past on both sides propositions
of keeping each other's sword. But when amity was dead, con-
fidence could not live ; and, who should quit first, was the
question ; which, on neither part, either would perform, 2nd re-
striving again afresh, with a kick and a wrench together, J freed
my lo:ig captived weapon. Which incontinently levying at his
throat, being master still of his, I demanded, if he would ask his
life, or yield his sword? both which, though in that imminent
danger, he bravely denied to do. Myself being wounded, and
feeling loss of blood, having three conduits running on me, began
to make me faint, and he courageously persisting not to accord to
either of my propositions, remembrance of his former bloody de-
sire, and feeling of ray present estate, I struck at his heart ; but,
with his avoiding, mist my aim, yet past through the body, and
drawing back my sword, repast through again through another
place; when he cried, * Oh! I am slain;' seconding his speech
with all the force he had, to cast me. But being too weak, after
I had defended his assault, I easily became master of him, laying
him on his back ; when, being upon him, I re-demanded, c If he
would request his life ?' But it seemed he prized it not at so
dear a rate, to be beholding for it; bravely replied, * He scorned
it.' Which answer of his was so noble and worthy, as J protest
I could not find in my heart to offer him any more violence, only
keeping him down, till at length his surgeon, afar off, cried out,
' He would immediately die if his wounds were not stopped :!
whereupon I asked, * If he desired his surgeon should come ?'
which he accepted of; and so being drawn away, I never offered
to take his sword, accounting it inhumane to rob a dead man,
for so I held him to be This thus ended, I retired to my
surgeon, in whose arms, after I had remained a while, for want
of blood, I lost my sight, and withal, as I then thought, my life
also. But strong water and his diligence quickly recovered me,
when I escaped a great danger : for my Lord's surgeon, when no

DUKE OF DORSET. 15/

body dreamed of it, came full at me with my Lord's sword j and
had not mine, with my sword, interposed himself, I had been slain
by those base hands: although my Lord Bruce, weltering in hi*
blood, and past all expectation of life, conformable to all his
former carriage, which was undoubtedly nobie, cryed out, { Rascal,
hold thy hand.' So may I prosper as I have dealt sincerely with
you in this relation ; which I pray you, with the inclosed letter,
deliver to my Lord Chamberlain : and so, &c.

'< Yours,
" Ed. Sackvile.
«< Louvaine, the 8th of Sept. 1613."

At the creation of Charles, Prince of Wales, on November 3d,
1616, he was5 made one of the Knights of the Bath : and in 1620,
on a difference between the younger sons of Earls, and the Knights
of King James's privy -council, for plice and precedency, it was
argued with great solemnity before his Majesty -f when the Earls
sons, being sensible of the great abilities of this S;r hdward Sack-
vile, and having a knowledge of his learning, judgment, and elo-
quence, unanimously deputed him to manage the debate, and
speak for them. Sir Edward, by his solid arguments on that oc-
casion, so convinced the King, that he declared himself in their
favour, and ordered them place and precedency, not only before
the Knights, privy counsellors, but also Knights of the most
noble order of the Garter, that were not Barons, or, of a higher
degree.

This remarkable controversy is recited at large with great ex-
actness by Sir Henry St. George, garter king of arms ; and the
manuscript, in his own hand writing, is now m the library of the
present Duke of Dorset. Having been f elected one of the knights
for the county of Sussex, to the parliaments held in the reign of
James I. he was one of the leading members in the house of com-
mons; and elected chairman" of a committee to inspect the
abuses of the courts of justice, 12th Martii, lfJ20-21 ; but by
reason of some indisposition, Sir R'.bert Fhilips supplied his place.
On the 17th of the same month, he was so far recovered, as he
appeared in the house, and spoke very eloquently and learnedly
in defence of the lord Chancellor Bacon, Viscount St Albans,
then accused of corruption. His speeches, in that assembly, shew

» Cat. of Nob &c. p. 127. t Ex Collect. Br Willis, Arm.

" Introduction to Sir Francis Bacon's Letter, p. 51.

158 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

him net only to be a master of oratory, but steady in the interests
of his King and country. In the 21st of James I. on his Ma-
jesty's recommending the recovery of the Palatinate, &c. to his
parliament, he made a memorable speech in the house of com-
mons, which is at large recited in Rushworttis Historical Collec-
tions, vol. i. p. 131.

He was x one of the principal commanders of the forces, sent
in 1620, to assist Frederick, King of Bohemia j and was in the
battle of Prague fought on November bth, that year. In July,
1621, he -v was sent ambassador to Lewis XIII. the French King,
and having discharged that trust with honour and fidelity, King
James I. z called him to be of his privy-council.

When his brother the Earl of Dorset died, he a was at Flo-
rence in Italy, from whence he returned through France the latter
end of May, 1624. Soon after his arrival, he found his brother's
estate much incumbered j the said Earl being ever forwardly and
honourably disposed, that all his debts might be justly paid, having
conveyed divers manors, &c. to Sir George Rivers Knight, and
two" others, b as expressed in King Charles's grant of protection to
them, wherein is also mentioned, that this Edward, Earl of
Dorset, had given his consent for the payment of the said debts.

On the accession of Charles I. his Lordship was at the head
of all affairs, conducive to the interest of his country. On May
14th, 1625, he, c with the lord president of the council, and others,
were appointed commissioners of trade, his Majesty reciting, that,
by advice of his privy-council, he had made choice of such persons
of quality, of whose experience, judgment, fidelity, industry, and
care, he could commit the searching out the decay of trade, and
applying remedies for preventing it. And on the 30th of the
same month, he was, d with other Lords, in commission to ex-
amine into all new erected buildings, within the city and suburbs
of London, and prevent them as they should think proper.

He was elected Knight of the most noble order of the Garter,
May 15th, and installed at Windsor on December 23d, 1625,
by his proxy Sir Richard Young, he himself being at that time
sick. e

x Hist of Eng. vol ii p 650- y Ibid. p. 657.

8 Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, 8vo. vol. i. p. 60.

* Records de Famil de Clifford, MS.
b Rymer, vol xviil p. 722. c ibid. p. 82.

c Ibid, p 97. e Ashmole's Order of the Garter.

DUKE OF DORSET. 15Q

On January 24th, 1625-6, his f Lordship, with others, were
constituted commissioners, and authorized to receive and deter-
mine the claims of ail persons, concerning services to be per-
formed at the coronation ; and * at that solemnity bore the first
sword, part of the regalia. On his Majesty's marriage with Hen-
rietta Maria, daughter of the French King, the preceding year,
his Lordship was constituted lord chamberlain to the Quern ; and
being of the privy-council, shewed himself a true patriot both to
his King and country, as appears from the order of council for
setting h at liberty those gentlemen that were imprisoned for re-
fusing to pay the loan of ship money, as also from other orders for
redressing the grievances of the subject ; it being likewise as re-
markable of him, that he was never present in council, when
warrants were issued for levying soldiers or ship money j neither
is his name mentioned in such orders, as * infringed on the liberty
of the subject, or were contrary to law, as is evident from Rush-
worth's Collections, and other authorities.

On February 15th, 1625-6, he k was in commission with other
lords of the privy -council, to exercise all jurisdictions, privileges,
&c. concerning any spiritual or ecclesiastical jurisdictions in
England, Ireland, and dominion of Wales. On September 5th,
l626, ' this Earl, with Thomss, Earl of Arundel, being lords lieu-
tenant of the county of Sussex, were commissioned to proceed
according to martial law, against such soldiers, or mariners, or
other dissolute persons joining them, as should commit any
murder, robbery, &c. in that county. Also on September 15th
following, the King, reciting how the revenues, &c. of the crown
of England, had of late years been impaired, &c. he therefore
has chosen some of his privy-council, and others of experience and
quality, to be commissioners of his revenue, and among them is
the Earl of Dorset. They were impowered to retrench all unne-
cessary expmices, and to reduce his revenue to more certainty ;
and to grant, in fee- farm, all or any of his honours, manors, &c.
both in the survey of the Exchequer, and Dutchy of Lancaster ;
with other large powers.

On November 12th next ensuing, ni the Earl of Dorset is the
first in commission (on the war with France) to inquire what ac-

f Rymer, vol. xviii. p. 277. * Fuller's Church Hist, p* 122.

» Annals of King Charles- p. 230. > Ibid, p 846.

k Rymer, vol xviii p 295, et seq.
1 Pat. 2 Car. I. p. 13. n- 14. ra Ibid p. 13. n. f .

166 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

cidents may fall out at sea between the King's subjects and
strangers; and on conference with foreign ambassadors, or others
experienced in such affairs, to collect such advices and directions,
as might tend to the preservation of peace and amity between the
King and his allies, and the preventing of all abuses in colouring
ships provisions, or goods of our enemies, and the maintenance of
justice, as well in matters of commerce as prize.

In January, 1 626-7, his Lordship, n with some other peers,
were appointed a committee of council for the management of
affairs in Ireland. Also, on February 28th, the same year, he
was° in commission with others, in consideration of their ap-
proved wisdom, fidelity, and sincere affections to the public good,
to treat and conclude, with the ambassadors from the States
General, an alliance for the public good of Christendom, the de-
fence of his Majesty's dominions, and those provinces, and the
increase of the long continued amity between England and the
States. And by another commission, dated March 6th following,
the King setting forth, that he was constrained to enter into a
war, p he appoints the Earl of Dorset, and other privy counsellors,
commissioners, and a standing council of war, with large powers
(in order to the good husbanding of the treasure) for mustering,
government of the munition, victuals, apparel, and arms for
soldiers, &c.

On December 11th, 1628, he was in commission with other
privy counsellors to re-examine all proceedings in the court of
admiralty, concerning all prizes taken by letters of marque, re-
prisals, &c. as well those depending, or should hereafter depend
in the said court of admiralty, and the same to affirm, or reverse,
alter, &c. as in the judgment of three or more of them, shall be
thought fit.

In 5 Car. I. he was** in commission, with other privy coun-
sellors, to send to sea such ships as they thought proper victualled
and equipped in warlike manner, against the pirates, which at
that time infested the seas, and very much damaged our trade.
lie was also the first in commission r to survey the armour, arms,
and munition, in the Tower of London, and elsewhere, and to
inquire what stores of armour, &c. both for horse and foot,
ordnance, shot, munition, &c. were or are in the custody of the
officers of ordnance and armour.

n Cox's Hist of Ireland, vol. ii. p. 43.

" Rymer, torn xviii p. 975. p Ibid.

* Ibid p 102, et teq. ' Ibid. p. tot

DUKE OF DORSET. itil

Also on January 28th, 1629-SO, his Lordship was one of the
commissioners for compounding8 the lines for contempts in not
receiving the order of knighthood according to the statute. The
same year, he l obtained a grant of the office of high steward of
the honour of Grafton, with all privileges, jurisdictions, &c. thereto
belonging, in the counties of Northampton and Buckingham,
during life.

He was afterwards successively in a variety of other important
commissions.

In 12 Car. I. heu had a grant of the office, and offices of
keeper of Grafton park, and Paulerspurie park, in com. North,
during life. On x April 10th, 1 636, he was in a special commis-
sion to propagate the Christian religion in his Majesty's oolonies,
and other parts of the world. Also by* commission bearing the
same date, to enquire what new buildings have been erected
within the cities of London and Westminster to the prejudice of
the King and his subjects.

In 1640, being lord chamberlain to the Queen, z and lord
lieutenant of the county of Middlesex, he issued orders for the
preservation of the peace j and was a specially commissioned one
of the regents during his Majesty's absence in Scotland. In
1641, he was b commissioned with the lord keeper to pass such
bills of parliament, during the Kings absence in Scotland, as
should be ready for the royal assent. His Lordship, whilst he
had this power, was so vigilant, and so concerned for his country,
that having intelligence of the massacre in Ireland, he and the
lords commissioned with him, sent a message to the commons,
November 1st, 1641, that they had business of great importance
to impart, and desired to do it in person -t which being agreed to,
the Earl of Dorset, with the lord keeper, and the lord privy seal,
entered the house of commons j and being seated on chairs for
them, informed the house, " That they had intelligence of a great
conspiracy in Ireland, which was discovered but the night before
it was to be put in execution, and they desired they would come
to a speedy resolution to suppress the rebels, who were to have
seized the castle of Dublin, and the protestants, and all British
men, women, and children, were to be cut off.'' This bloody

» Rymer,tom. xviii. p. 119. t Pat. $ Car. I- p. 4 n lS-

u Pat. 12 Car. I. p. 1 1. n. 3. x Rymer, vol. xx p 8.

y Ibid. p. io- z Rushworth, vol. hi p. J 116.

Ibid. p. 1236. • Saunderson's Life of King Charles L p 43°-

VOL. II. M

162 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

design was to have been put in execution on October 23d, a day
dedicated to St. Ignatius, founder of the society of Jesuits ; a
particular account whereof, and of the conspiracy, is in Rush-
worth's Collections, p. 385, 398, 403, 405, et seq. And in
commemoration of this great deliverance, the day is particularly
observed in Ireland, and by the gentlemen of that nation in
England.

The Earl of Dorset, and the lords justices, dispatched Sir
Henry Spotswood with an account of the discovery to the King,
then at Edinburgh ; and on his Majesty's return, his Lordship
was sent by him, on December 28th, 1(541, c with a message to
the lords, " That being sensible of the miseries of Ireland, he
will, as he hath offered, raise 10,000 volunteers, if the commons
will undertake to pay them."

His Lordship had too discerning a judgment not to perceive
the designs of those who involved us in the utmost confusion j
and had the interest of his country so much at heart, as to op-
pose all their unwarrantable proceedings j for at that time, as the
bill against the bishops depended in the house of peers, and
means had been used to bring down a mob to insult them, he, as
lord lieutenant of Middlesex, having command of the train bands,
ordered them to fire ; which so frighted the rabble, that they left
the place. Lord Clarendon observes d of this, that the house of
commons, incensed that their friends should be soused, much
inveighed against the Earl of Dorset, and talked c< of accusing
him of high treason, at least of drawing up some impeachment
against him ; giving those hints of their displeasure, that he
might have the more care how he carried himself." And it is
highly probable they would have been in earnest, could they have
grounded any matter of accusation against him.

Persevering in his duty to the King, he waited on him at
York, and was one of those noble peers e who subscribed a decla-
ration, (on June 15th, 1642) " of their being witnesses of his
Majesty's frequent and earnest professions of his abhorring all de-
signs of making war upon his parliament, &c. ; but that all his
endeavours tend to the firm settlement of the true protestant reli-
gion, the just privileges of parliament, the liberty of the subject,
the law, peace, and prosperity of this kingdom." But when he
found a party in the two houses too strong to be satisfied (his

c Saunderson's Life of King Charles I- p-472.
4 Hist, of Reb 8yo vol. ii. p 335. e Ibid. p. 655, 656.

DUKE OF DORSET. 16*

Lordship, f the Earl of Southampton, and Sir John Culpepper,
being sent by the King with his message for peace) he then sup-
plied the King with money, attended him s in the field, and at
the battle of Edgehill, behaved himself with the greatest bravery, h
leading on the troops that retook the royal standard, ' which the
enemy had taken when Sir Edward Verney was killed.

After the Earl of Essex, lord chamberlain . to the King, had
forsook his Majesty's interests, the Earl of Dorset was declared
lord chamberlain of the household in his place ; and waiting on
the King at Oxford, he took all occasions to bring about an ac-
commodation between his Majesty and his parliament, as appears
by a speech whieh he made at the council table in 1642-3, against
continuing the war, in answer to a speech of the Earl of Bristol,
and which is preserved in Rushworth's Collections, vol. v. p. 128.

He was afterwards among those peers assembled in parlia-
ment at Oxford, in January, 1(543-4, and had the chief hand in
drawing up a letter, and procuring it to be subscribed by them,
and directed to the Earl of Essex, k " Inviting him to use his in-
terest for making peace, conjuring him, by all the obligations that
have power upon honour, conscience, or public piety, that laying
to heart, as they did, the inward bleeding condition of their
country, and the outward more menacing destruction by a foreign
nation, upon the very point of invading it, he would co-operate
with them for its preservation." Whilst his Lordship continued
with the King, he left no means unattempted for re-establishing
the peace and welfare of his country, though the turbulent spirits
of some among both parties hindered the desired effect. After
the treaty at Uxbridge, his Majesty proposing to have a personal
treaty with the houses of parliament at Westminster, his Lord-
ship was nominated (in December, 1045) among those * to whom
his Majesty was willing to commit the trust of the militia for such
time, and with such power, as was expressed by his commissioners
at Uxbridge, believing them unexceptionable persons. But no
treaties taking effect, and the King having put himself under the
power of the Scots army/ the Earl of Dorset,"1 with the Marquis
of Hertford, the Earl of Southampton, and others of the council,
signed the capitulation for the surrender of Oxford, on June 20th,

f Hist, of Reb. 8vo vol. iii- p. 8. t Ibid p. 38.

* Hist, of the Revolution in England, p. 6z.

» Sir John Smith was the individual who retook it.

k Annals of King Charles I. p. 877 * Whitlock's Memorials, p 191.

» Ibid. p. %i$.

164 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

1646; whereby they had liberty to compound for their lands,
and not to be rated at above two years revenue for estates of in-
heritance, &c. When the King was delivered to the English
array, and brought to Hampton Court, his Lordship, n the Duke
of Richmond, the Marquis of Hertford, the Marquis of Ormond,
the Earl of Southampton, and the Lord Seymour, repaired thither
in October, 1647, intending to reside there as his council; but.
the army declaring against it, they were obliged to leave his Ma-
jesty. In the succeeding times, there was no room for employ-
ment of men of his Lordship's honour and principle ; and he
took ° so much to heart the murder of Charles I. that he never
after stirred out of his house (as is observed by Sir Edward
Walker) and departed this life p on Saturday, July 17th, 1652, at
his house in Salisbury court, called Dorset House, and was buried
with his ancestors at Withiam.

The greatest part of, or all his estate, was under sequestration
on account of his loyalty ; and the houses at Westminster, in
1045, ordered his son, n the Lord Buekhurst, a fifth of it for his
maintenance, with Dorset House, in Salisbury court, London.

This noble peer took to wife Mary, r daughter and heir to Sir
George Curzon of Croxhall, in com. Derby, Knight, (by his wife
Mary, daughter and heir of Sir Walter Leveson of Lillishul, in
com. Salop, Knight), who had the seat of Croxhall, and a great
estate in Derbyshire, to her fortune. She was a Lady accom-
plished with all virtues, and of an excellent judgment, whom
King Charles I. entrusted with the tuition of the Princess his
daughter; and she was also lady governess of James Duke of
York in 1638. Her conduct and prudence were so conspicuous,
that when she died, both lords and commons, sitting at West-
minster, s ordered that her funeral should be at the public ex-
pence j and she was buried with great state and solemnity, on
September 3d, 1645. His Lordship had issue1 by her, a daughter,
Mary, who died young, also two sons, Richard his successor;
and

Edward, who married Bridget, Baroness Norreys, daughter

n Whitlock's Memorials, p. 275.
• Account of Knights of Garter, MS. penes J. Anstis, Arm.
* Heylin's Help to Hist, p 304. Et Journal of Robert Earl of Leicester,
MS.

t Whitlock's Memorials, p. 191.

' Seymour's Survey of London, vol. i. p. 782.

• Whitlock's Memorials, p. 141, 154, 16 $ * Ex Stemmate.

DUKE OF DORSET. 165

and sole heir to Edward Wray, Esq. (third son of Sir William
Wray, of Glentworth, com. Line. Bart.) by his wife Elizabeth,
daughter and heir to Francis, Lord Norreys, Earl of Berkshire;
and being with his father at Oxford, was wounded in the fight at
Newberry, September 20th, 1643. Also in 1646, being with a
party of the King's forces at Kidlington, u three miles from that
city, he was taken prisoner by the parliament forces, and after-
wards x barbarously and cowardly stabbed to death by a soldier
at Chawley, near Abingdon in Berkshire, and buried at Withiam,
leaving no issue.

Richard, fifth Earl of Dorset, the eldest son, born at
Dorset House, September l6th, 1622, was elected y for the
borough of East Grinsted, to that parliament begun at West-
minster, November 3d, 1640, bearing the title of Lord Buckhurst;
and was2 in the list of those who were reproached for being
Straffordians, being one of the fifty-nine who voted against the
attainder of the Earl of Strafford. His Lordship succeeded his
father in 1652, and on the meeting of the house of lords in 1660
(after being laid aside by Cromwell) this Richard, Earl of Dorset,
was admitted with other noble peers, who having succeeded to
the honours of their fathers, had never sat in the house. He was
before this in credit with other nobles, who meant to restore the
royal family, monarchy, and episcopacy; and on taking his place
in the house, was at the head of all affairs in that critical time,
.when the lords concurred with General Monk, and had a gie.it
share in the happy settlement of the kingdom. On their first as-
sembling, they sent a message to the general, ' That they would
employ their councils, and utmost endeavours with him, for the
procuring a safe and well grounded peace.'

On April 26th, the Earl of Dorset a was appointed one of the
peers appointed to frame an ordinance, for constituting a com-
mittee of safety of both houses, and report the same to the house.
The day after, they ordered a conference with the house of com-
mons, ' To consider of some ways and means to make up the
breaches and distractions of the kingdom.' And appointing a
committee to consider of the privileges of their own house, the
Earl of Dorset was chosen chairman of that committee. On
May 1st, they ordered the Earl of Dorset and five other lords, or

Whitlock, p. 160. x St George's Baronage, MSS. predict.

Annals oi King Charles I. p 875. 7 Ibid, p 895.

» Journal. Dom Frocer- ja Car II-

166 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

i

any four, to meet every Saturday in the afternoon, as a com-
mittee to peruse and perfect the journal book of their house, once
a week. And it appears by the journals, that the Earl of Dorset
was also chairman for settling the militia ; and chairman of the
committee for the King's reception, and of several other com-
mittees. On May 2d, it was ordered that the statues of the late
King's Majesty be again set up in all the places from whence the
same were pulled down, and that the arms of the commonwealth
be demolished wherever they are, and the King's arms set up in their
rooms ; and that the King's Majesty be publicly prayed for by all
ministers in their churches ; and that some place be considered of,
where General Monk's statue shall be set up. All which parti-
culars were referred to the committee of privileges (whereof the
Earl of Dorset was chairman) to consider and make report to the
house. On May 4th, the Earl of Dorset reported from the lords
the judgment given in the house against the Earl of Northampton,
and others, in July, 1(542. On which it was ordered, that the
Earl of Lincoln, the Earl of Dorset, the Viscount Say and Sele, and
the Lord Craven, do presently meet, and draw up an order to re-
peal the said judgment, and report the same to the house pre-
sently ; and the Lord Chief Baron Wild to assist their lordships.
Thereupon the same day the Earl of Dorset reported the draught
of an order, concerning the nine impeached lords, which was
read, and approved of by the house as follows :

" Whereas upon Wednesday the 20th of July, l6-i2, it was
by the lords, then assembled in parliament* awarded and adjudged
in these words following : that is to say, that Spencer, Earl of
Northampton, William, Earl of Devonshire, Henry, Earl of
Dover, Henry, Earl of Monmouth, Charles, Lord Howard of
Charlton, Robert, Lord Rich, Charles, Lord Grey of Ruthen,
Thomas, Lord Coventry, and Arthur, Lord Capel, shall not sit
and vote in the lords house, during this present parliament; second,
that they shall not enjoy the privilege of parliament; third, that
they shall stand committed to the Tower, during the pleasure of
this house, with other matteis therein contained, as by the said
judgment and award remaining on record may appear. Now,
upon serious debates and considerations, had by the lords now as-
sembled in parliament, of the said judgment or award, and of the
matters and things therein contained; they do declare, ordain,
and adjudge the said judgment or award, and every matter therein,
shall be repealed, annulled, and made void, &c."

On May 8th, they appointed a committee to consider of all

DUKE OF DORSET. 167

things for the reception of the King, in such a manner, as may be
most for his honour and expedition of his coming j of which the
Earl of Dorset was chosen chairman. And sent a message to the
commons to join a proportionate number of their house to them,
to meet and agree, in what manner his Majesty's reception in
England may be most for his honour. The next day the Earl of
Dorset reported from the committee of privileges, " That their
lordships think fit for the peers of this kingdom, to assess them-
selves with horse and arms for the militia, and not to be rated
and assessed by the commissioners of the county." Which was
accordingly ordered by the house. The same day he reported
from another committee, " An ordinance for constituting a com-
mittee of both houses of parliament, for managing the great
affairs of the kingdom, and settling the militia for the safety
thereof" Which was read twice, and recommitted. Also a
committee being then appointed to receive informations where
any of the King's goods, jewels, or pictures are, and to advise of
some course how the same*" may be restored to his Majesty, he
was chosen chairman thereof: and on the 12th of May, ordered
that all persons possessed of any of the King's goods, jewels, or
pictures, shall "bring them in to the committee within seven days,
on forfeiture of all such goods, &c. and that this order be forth-
with printed and published. May 15th, the Earl of Dorset re-
ported from the committee, for the King's reception, '* That they
yesterday had before them several of the King's servants, and
Sir Robert Fenn, and Sir Henry Wood, clerk of the green cloth,
Mr. Kennersley of the wardrobe, Mr. Armory of the stable, and
Mr. Jackson, clerk of the kitchen, gave in their estimates, viz.

£■ s. d.

For necessaries for the King's present reception,

as silver plates of all sorts and sizes 2000 0 O

For table linen of all sorts 300 0 O

For a week's diet, at 50/. per diem 350 0 0

For coaches and stables 2950 0 O

For furnishing his Majesty's bed chamber .... 1801 *1Q 0

For repairing the Meuse 1000 O 0

Somerset House estimated at 500 0 0

The crown and scepter, besides robes 900 O 0

In all 14501 19 O
Which report was confirmed.

168 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

May the 29th, the lords went, as a house, to wait on his Ma-
jesty at Whitehall j and the next day, the Earl of Manchester,
the speaker acquainting them, that the Duke of York, and the
Duke of Gloucester, commanded him to return thanks for their
lordships civility to them, and to signify their desire to come and
sit in the house as members, and that places may be provided for
them j the Earl of Northumberland, the Earl of Dorset, and the
Earl of Bridgewater, were named to attend immediately his Ma-
jesty, and acquaint him, that there being no precedents that shew
where their proper places are, they desire his Majesty will please
to consult with what persons he pleases herein, and then to de-
termine the place himself ; and the:r lordships were to acquaint
the Duke of York and the Duke of Gloucester with his Majesty's
answer.

Whereupon, on their return, the Earl of Northumberland re-
ported, " that his Majesty said, he conceived that the seat on the
right hand of the state, where the King of Scots antiently used
to sit, will be of no more use now, seeing that title is involved in
his Majesty. And his Majesty said, he himself sat in that seat as
Prince of Wales, therefore desired that place might be reserved for
the Prince of Wales ; and that the seats on the left hand of the state
may be fitted up speedily for his brothers, the Duke of York and
Duke of Gloucester. And accordingly the house gave directions
to have it done."

WThat I have mentioned shews that this Earl of Dorset had
the same public spirit, judgment, and learning, as his ancestors ;
but as his noble father had been so great a sufferer, and his
Lordship himself imprisoned for adhering to King Charles. I. his
having no employment in the court of Charles II. was, I pre-
sume, his own choice ; but on July 30th, 1660, he was, jointly
with Thomas, Earl of Berkshire, constituted lord lieutenant of
Middlesex, and city of Westminster. In October, the same year,
he b was commissioned with other lords, for the trials of the regi-
cides of King Charles I. And at the coronation of Charles II.
April*23d, 1661, wasc appointed sewer of England for that day,
and had the Earl of Chesterfield his assistant. On November 3d,
in 13 Car. II. l66l, he wasd admitted, with his Royal Highness
the Duke of York, into the society of the Inner Temple.

On July 15th, 16/0, he e was constituted jointly with Charles
Lord Buckhurst, his son, Lord Lieutenant of the county of Sus-

b Baker's Chron. 7th Edit. p. 731. c Ibid. p. 738.

4 Dugdale's Orig. Jurisd. p 158. • Pat %% Car. II.

DUKE OF DORSET. 169

sex, and Custos Rotulorum thereof. His Lordship deceased on
August 2/th, 1677; and in his private capacity was an indulgent
husband, tender father, and a generous friend. f

He had to wife the Lady Frances, daughter to Lionel Cran-
iield, first Earl of Middlesex, and at length, heir to Lionel, third
Earl of Middlesex, her brother. Her Ladyship, surviving him,
was married, secondly, to Henry Powle, Esq. master of the rolls j
and living to be very aged, died on November 20th, 1692. She
had only issue by the Earl of Dorset, viz. seven sons, 8 and six
daughters. First, Charles, who succeeded him in his honours and
estates j second, Edward, who was born on April 2d, 1641, and
died unmarried in the year 1678 j third, Lionel, who was born
on June 25th, 1645, and died on July 21st following j fourth,
Richard, who was born on April 30th, lfj4(i, and deceased in the
year 1712; a second Lionel, who was born on October 25th,
1056, and died young -, sixth, Cranfield, who was born on De-
cember 18th, 166O, and died on January 1st following; seventh,
Thomas, who was born on February 3d, ld62, and departed this
life on August 14th, 1675.

The six daughters were, the Ladies Elizabeth, Anne, and
Catharine, who all died young ; Lady Mary, who was born on
February 4th, 1646, and married to Roger Boyle, Lord Eroghill,
son and heir of Roger, first Earl of Orrery j Lady Anne, born on
June 7th, 1650, and married to Alexander, fourth Earl of Hume
in Scotland; Lady Frances, born on February 6th, 1655, and
married on December 11th, ]tJ83, to Sir George Lane, of Tuske,
in the county of Roscommon, Knight and Baronet, and then
principal secretary of state, and of the privy-council, to Charles II.
in Ireland, and afterwards created Lord Viscount Lanesborough.

Charles, sixth Earl of Dorset, was born on January 24th,
1637, and was one of the best bred men of the age. On the re-
storation of Charles II. he was chosen one of the members for
East Grinsted, being then stiled Lord Buckhurst, and distinguished
himself, whilst he was in the house of commons.

Burnet says, u Lord Dorset was a generous good-natured man.
He was so oppressed with phlegm, that till he was a little heated
with wine, he scarce ever spoke: but he was upon that exalta-
tion a very lively man. Never was so much ill-nature in a pen,
as in his, joined with so much good nature, as was in himself, even

t He had some pretensions to authorship. See Park's R. and N. A.
« Ex Stemmate

170 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

to excess j for he was against all punishing even of malefactors.
He was bountiful even to run himself into difficulties ; and
charitable to a fault 5 for he gave all that he had about him, when
he met an object that moved him. But he was so lazy, that
though the King seemed to court him to be a favourite, he would
not give himself the trouble that belonged to that post. He hated
the court, and despised the King, when he saw he was neither
generous, nor tender-hearted."

" But when the honour and safety of his country demanded
his assistance, he h readily entered into the most active parts of
life 3 and underwent the greatest dangers, with a constancy of
mind, which shewed that he had not only read the mles of philo-
sophy, but understood the practice of them." He went a volun-
teer under his Royal Highness the Duke of York, in the first
Dutch war, 1665, when, on June 3d, the Dutch admiral, Opdam,
was blown up, and above thirty capital ships taken and destroyed.
And his making ' a song the night before the engagement, carried
with it so sedate a presence of mind, and such unusual gallantry,
that it was particularly taken notice of j and his behaviour distin-
guished him to be a true heir to the virtues and courage of his
ancestors. From hence, during the remaining part of King
Charles's reign, he continued to live in honourable leisure j was
of the bed-chamber to the King, and possessed not only his
master's favour, but in a great degree his familiarity ; never leav-
ing the court but when he was sent to that of France, on some
short commissions and embassies of compliments ; as if the King
designed to shew the French, who would be thought the politest
nation, that one of the finest gentlemen in Europe was his sub-
ject j and that we had a Prince who understood his worth so well,
as not to surfer him to be long out of his presence. Among other
commissions, he was sent in 1669, to compliment the French
King, on his arrival at Dunkirk, in return of the compliment of
that monarch, by the Duchess of Orleans, then in England.

Being possessed of the estate of his uncle Lionel, Earl of Mid-
dlesex, who died in l£>74, he was created Earl of that county,
and Baron of Cranfield in com. Bedford, by letters patent
dated at Westminster, April 4th, 1675. And on August 27th,
1677, succeeded his father as Earl of Dorset ; also as Lord Lieu-
tenant of the county of Sussex, having been joined in the com-
mission with him in 1670, as before mentioned 5 and on February

i» Prior's Epist. Ded-to his Poems. » Ibid.

DUKE OF DORSET. 171

20th, 1684-5, was made Custos Rotulorum of that county, and
Lord Lieutenant on April 9th. Having buried his first Lady,
Elizabeth, daughter of Hervey Bagot, of Pipe Hall, in com. War-
wick, Esq. widow of Charles Berkeley, Earl of Falmouth, with-
out any issue by her ; he married, secondly, on March 7th, 1684-5,
the Lady Mar)-, daughter of James Compton, Earl of North-
ampton, famed for her beauty, and admirable endowments of
mind, who was one of the ladies of the bed-chamber to Queen
Mary, and left his Lordship again a widower, on August 6th,
1691, leaving issue by him one son, his Grace Lionel Cranfield,
seventh Earl and first Duke of Dorset ; and one daughter, the
Lady Mary, born k at his Lordship's seat at Copthall in Essex, on
April 24th, 1688, married in the year 1702, to Henry Somerset,
second Duke of Beaufort, and died in childbed, without leaving
any issue, on the 18th of June, 1/05.

At the coronation of James II. and his Queen, his Lordship
attended, and bore part of the Queen's regalia, viz. the Ivory
Rod with the Dove: *' But that reign neither relished his wit,
nor approved his maxims; so he retired altogether from court.
Yet, when the irretrievable mistakes of that unhappy government
went on to threaten the nation with something more terrible than
a Dutch war, he thought it became him to resume the courage of
his youth, and once more to engage himself in defending the
liberty of his country." He appeared in court at the trial of the
seven Bishops, on June 29th, 1688, accompanied with other
noblemen, which had a good effect on the Jury, and brought the
judges to a better temper than they had usually shewed. He also
engaged with those who were in the Prince of Orange's interest,
and carried on his part of that great enterprize in London, and
under the eye of the court, with courage and resolution. When
Prince George had left the King, and joined the Prince of Orange,
so that the Princess, afterwards Queen Anne, was in such violent
apprehensions of the King's displeasure, tha,t being desirous of
withdrawing herself, the Earl of Dorset was thought the pro-
perest guide of her flight j l and being secretly brought to him by
his Lady's uncle, Henry Compton, Bishop of London, his Lord-
ship and his excellent Lady furnished her Royal Highness with
every thing necessary towards it, and attended on her northward
as far as Northampton, where he quickly brought a body of horse

k From the Register of the Church of Waltham Holy Cross-
» Burnet's Hist, of his own Times, p. 79*.

l ;2 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

to serve for her guard, and from thence went on to Nottingham,
to confer with the Duke of Devonshire $ and acted in concert
with him.

His Lordship was at London"1 on December 11th, the day
after King James had first withdrawn himself, and continuing
there, was one of the principal peers who had the management of
affairs till the Prince of Orange's arrival : and, in the debates in
.parliament, argued, and voted, " for the vacancy of the Throne ;
and that the Prince and Princess of Orange should be declared
King and Queen of England, &c."

When their Majesties had accepted the crown of these realms,
on February 13th, 1 688-9, his Lordship11 was the next day sworn
of their privy- council, and declared lord chamberlain of their
housholdj " A place which he eminently adorned, by the grace
of his person, the fineness of his breeding, and the knowledge and
practice of what was decent and magnificent." Having been re-
moved in the late reign, he was now again ° constituted Lord Lieu-
tenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Sussex. There were
no factions, though irreconcileable to one another, that were not
united in their affection to his Lordship, and were not equally
pleased in his advancement. He had a part in the councils of
those Princes, a great share in their friendship, and all the marks
of distinction, with which a good government could reward a
patriot. On July 2/th, 1689, he stood godfather (as proxy for
his Danish Majesty) with King William, to William, Duke of
Gloucester, v When the King had been earnestly entreated by
the States of Holland, and the confederate Princes in Germany,
to meet at a general congress, to be held at the Hague, in order to
concert matters for the better support of the confederacy, and
thereupon took shipping, January 16th, 1690-91, his Lordship
was among those peers, n who, to honour their King and country,
waited on their Sovereign in that cold season. When they came
within two or three leagues of Goree, his Majesty, having by bad
weather been kept four days at sea, was so impatient to go on
shore, that taking boat, and a thick fog rising soon after, they
were surrounded so closely with ice, as not to be able either to
make the shore, or to get back to the ship 5 so that lying twenty-

m Hist, of England, vol. ii. p. 533, 53$, &c » Ibid- p$5o-

• Bill, sign 1 W. and M. P Hist, of Eng. vol iii. p 566.

<J Exact Relation of the entertainment of King William at the Hague,

f.2*

DUKE OF DORSET. 17s

two hours, during the most intense frost, and almost despairing
of life, they could hardly stand or speak at their landing; and
his Lordship was so lame with the cold and fatigue he endured,
that for some time he did not recover himself.

On February 3d, 1691, at a chapter of the most noble Order
of the Garter, held at Kensington, his Lordship was elected one
of the knights companions of the said most noble order, with his
Highness John George IV. Elector of Saxony, and was installed r
at Windsor on February 24th following. The last honours he'
received, and they were the greatest a subject could receive, were
his being constituted four times one of the regents of the kingdom,
during his Majesty's absence 3 viz. in1 1695, \6g6, 1697/ (though
he had voluntarily resigned his place of lord chamberlain, on
April 22d, that year11) and in 1698. " His health about that
time sensibly declining, and no imminent dangers threatening the
public affairs, he left the business to those who delighted more in
the state of it ; and appeared only sometimes at the council, to
shew his respect to the commission, giving as much leisure as he
could to the relief of those pains, with which it pleased God to
afflict him ; and indulging the reflection of a mind, that had
looked through the world with too piercing an eye, and had
grown weary of the prospect ; so that it may very justly be said
of this great man, with regard to the public, that through the
course of his life, he acted iike an able pilot in a long voyage;
contented to sit quiet in the cabin when the winds were allayed,
and the waters smooth ; but vigilant and steady to resume the
helm when the storm arose, and the sea grew tumultuous." Yet
her Majesty Queen Anne, on June 24th, 1702, constituted him
Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Sussex.
His Lordship decreasing in his health, and being advised to go
to the Bath, he there ended his life, x on January 29th, 1705-fJ,
and was buried with his ancestors at Withiam, on February 17th
following.

Although his generosity was unbounded, yet he wa?, in a more
particular manner, a patron to men of letters and merit. Dr.
Sprat, Bishop of Rochester, famed for his polite writings, appealed
to him, when under a cloud, for the part he acted in the reign of
King James II. and by his Lordship's interest preserved himself.

» Ex Collect. Tho. Meller, Gen.

• Hist, of Eng. vol iii. p- 687, 714. t Ibid. p. 734.

% Ibid. p. 755. x Le Neve's Monum Angl. vol. iy. p. 104.

174 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Mr. Dryden dedicated to him his translation of Juvenal, wherein
he particularly describes his Lordship's great genius and judg-
ment in his writings, and his other admirable qualities, and had
often proofs of his bounty. Also, Mr. Prior (among others who
owed their rise and fortune to the Earl of Dorset) makes this
public acknowledgment,? " That he scarce knew what life was,
sooner than he found himself obliged to his favour ; or had reason
to feel any sorrow so sensibly as that of his death." And as he
had the honour to be admitted to an intimacy with his Lordship,
he has left a character of his noble patron, who is also celebrated
in the writings of Mr. Pope, and other eminent wits The cha-
racter given of his Lordship by Lord Orford in his Catalogue of
Noble Authors, is as follows j " He was the finest gentleman in
the voluptuous court of Charles II. and in the gloomy one of
King William : he had as much wit as his first master, or his co-
temporaries, Buckingham and Rochester, without the royal want
of feeling, the Duke's want of principles, or the Earl's want of
thought." z

His Lordship's only son and successor, Lionel Cranfield,
the seventh Earl, and first Duke of Dorset, was born on Ja-
nuary 1 8th, 1687-8. His Grace, very early in life, shewed an
earnest disposition of being serviceable to his country 5 and in
1706 accompanied that ingenious and able statesman, Charles
Montagu, Lord Halifax, to Hanover, who was sent by Queen
Anne, to present the act to the Princess Sophia and the Elector
of Hanover (afterwards King George I.) ,f for the naturalization
of the illustrious House of Hanover, and for the better security of
the succession of the crown in the Protestant line;" and to invest
his son, then Prince of Hanover, with the ensigns of the most
noble Order of the Garter. Lord Halifax embarked with the
Duke of Marlborough, on April 12th, 1706, and came to the
Hague, with his Grace, on the 25th, N. S. and proceeded on his
journey to Hanover, accompanied by the Earl of Dorset, where
they arrived on May 29th. On the 30th, the Lord Halifax had
audience of the Elector, the Electress Dowager, and the rest of
the electoral family j the Earl of Dorset being present also, when
he invested the electoral Prince, the late King George II. with
the Order of the Garter, on June 13th. He was likewise present
when the King of Prussia arrived at Hanover, with his son the

y Epist. Ded. to his Poems.
a See Johnson's account of him in his Lives of the Pott*.

DUKE OF DORSET. 17s

Prince Royal, who was then contracted to the Princess of Hanover.
On June 24th they left Hanover, and arrived at Utrecht on June
28th j from whence their Lordships went to the Hague, where,
after some stay, they set out on July 18th, to visit the Duke of
Marlborough in his camp, who had then with him the Prince
Royal of Prussia.

On December 3d, 1708, her Majesty Queen Anne constituted
him constable of Dover Castle, and lord warden and admiral of
the Cinque Ports ; but he resigned those offices in 1713.

At the demise of Queen Anne, his Lordship was commis-
sioned by the regency to go to Hanover, and notify her death in
form, and congratulate his Majesty's accession to the crown j
whereupon his Majesty, before his leaving theyatcht that brought
him to England, appointed him first gentleman of his bed-
chamber ja also, on October 8th, 1714, constable of Dover Castle,
and lord warden of the Cinque Ports, having before been sworn
of his privy-council. Likewise, on the l6th of the same month,
at a chapter held at St. James's, his Lordship being elected one of
the knights companions of the most noble Order of the Garter,
was installed on December gth following; and assisting at the
coronation on October 20th, bore the scepter with the cross.

On April 30th, 1718, being commissioned by the Sovereign,
with his Grace the Duke of Kent, they installed at Windsor (by
their proxies) his Royal Highness Prince Frederick Lewis, Prince
of Brunswick and Lunerrburgh, and his Royal Highness Ernest
Augustus, Duke of York and Albany, knights companions of the
most noble Order of the Garter j as also the Dukes of St. Alban's,
Montagu, Newcastle, and the Earl of Berkeley, who were per-
sonally present.

On June 13th, 1720, his Majesty was pleased to create him
Duke of Dorset j the preamble to his Grace's patent setting forth
these reasons for his advancement.

" Cum Sackvillorum Gentem recolimus, qui Gulielmum
Conquestorem in Angliam comitati magnam etiam eo tempore
inter Normanno's suos a" generis Antiquitate, majorem vero & vir-
tutibus, vendicaverant Gloriam, cumque horum posteri, serie per-
petua egregia majorum facta suis illustraverint, et Regiis nostris
Antecessoribus merito et apprime chari, summa cum laude,
summa regni munera expleverint ; ideoque ex hoc Sanguine ori-

a Pointer's Chron. Hist p. 783.

170 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

undus unus, a Richardo Primo, Baronis titulum accepit, postea
vero alter longo annorum intervallo a Regina Elizabetha, cui erat
ctiam consanguineus, Baro de Buckhurst creatus est, vel potius in
pristinum honorem revocatus; idemque post paulo Dorsettiae
Comes factus est; huic etiam Familiae, satis jam suo Splendorc
illustri, novi ex Matrimonio tituli, Baro scilicet de Cranfield, et
comes Middlesexiae, accesserunt ; hi omnes tot tantique tituli in
Carolo nupero Dorsettiae Comiti collecti fulserunt, et cum hi
omnes jam ad ilium Virum a Patre derivati fuerint, qui eos non
modo digne sustinuit, sed suis etiam Virtutibus ampliavit, ipsum
ob multa in Nos praestita Officia Periscelidis honore dudum orna-
vimus -j eundemque, quern inter Comites pene primum invenimus,
ad superiorem Nobilitatis gradum hodie evehimus, ne alios olim
ad summum hunc Ordinem promovendo illius et locum et meri-
tum oblivisci videamur, et illam dignitatem, quam suo quasi
jure petere potuerit, etiam non petenti ultrb concedimus. Sciatis
igitur, &c.

On May 8th, 1724, his Grace was constituted Custos Rotu-
lorum of the county of Kent; and on May 30th, 1725, appointed
lord steward of his Majesty's household ; also on June 1st follow-
ing, one of the lords justices during the King's absence. On
May 31st, 1727^ his Grace, continuing lord steward of the house-
hold, was again appointed one of the lords justices, on his Ma-
jesty's going to Hanover, who died at Osnaburg on June 11th fol-
lowing.

At the coronation of George II. his Grace was lord steward
of his household ; and being appointed lord high steward of Eng-
land, on that solemn occasion, he bore St. Edward's crown, where-
with his Majesty was crowned. At the same solemnity, her
Grace the Dutchess of Dorset attended in her Majesty's train, as
. first lady of her bed-chamber. On January 4th, 1727-8, his
Grace was also confirmed in the office of lord Warden of the
Cinque Ports, and constable of Dover Castle : and on April 13th,
1729, was elected high steward of the borough of Tamworth in
Staffordshire.

On June 19th, 1730, his Grace (on resigning his place of
lord steward of the houshold) was declared, in council, lord lieu-
tenant, general, and general governor of Ireland ; and on No-
vember 17th, the same year, was chosen one of the governors of
the Charter House. His Grace set out for Ireland on August
21st, 1731, and arrived at Dublin on Saturday, September J. lth,

DUKE OF DORSET. 177

where he was received with the loudest acclamations of the people,
and a great appearance of the nobility and gentry, who expressed
great satisfaction at his Grace's arrival to the government of that
kingdom.

On March 31st, 1/37, his Majesty in council, in consideration
of his great merits and services, was pleased to appoint his Grace
lord steward of the household, a second time. At the funeral of
Queen Caroline, his Grace was one of the two supporters to her
Royal Highness the Princess Amelia ; and her Grace the Duchess
of Dorset attended at that solemnity, in her place of first lady of
the bed-chamber.

On January 3d, 1/44, his Grace, resigning the office of lord
steward, was declared lord president of the council.

In June, 1751, his Grace, resigning his place of lord president
of his Majesty's most honourable privy-council, was again declared
lord lieutenant, general, and general governor of the kingdom of
Ireland.

On March 29th, 17-55, (having resigned the lieutenancy of
Ireland) his Grace was constituted master of the horse to his Ma-
jesty j and on April 6th following, he was appointed one of the
lords justices for the administration of the government during his
Majesty's absence j having also been in that office in the years
1740, 1743, 1745, 1748, and 1752.

His Grace, having resigned the place of master of the horse,
was on July 5th, 1757> constituted constable of Dover Castle, and
warden and admiral of the Cinque Ports, for the term of his na-
tural life. At the accession of the present King, his Grace was
continued among the privy counsellors, and appointed vice-ad-
miral, lord lieutenant and custos rotulorum of the county of Kent,
and of the city and county of Canterbury ; was also high steward
of Stratford upon Avon, in Warwickshire, and LL. D. His Grace
departed this life on 10th of October, b 17^5, in the seventy-ninth
year of his age, and was buried with his ancestors at Withiam.

His Grace, in January I7O8-9, married Elizabeth, daughter
of lieutenant general Walter Philip Colyear, brother to David,
Earl of Portmore. Her Grace was one of the maids of honour to
her Majesty Queen Anne, and first lady of the bed chamber, and
lady of the robes, to Queen Caroline, when Princess of Wales,
and to the time of her Majesty's decease; on July l(3th, 1727,
was appointed groom of the stole to her Majesty; and represented

b Ex Coffin Plate.
VOL. 11. n

173 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the Queen of Prussia, as godmother to the Duke of Cumberland.
Her Grace died on June 4th, 1768, and was buried at Withiam.
His Grace had issue by her,

First, Lady Anne Sackville (so named by Queen Anne, her
godmother) who died in the eleventh year of her age, on March
23d, 1/20-r.

Second, Charles, his son and heir, of whom hereafter.

Third, Lady Elizabeth Sackville, born in 1712, married on
December 6th, 1726, to Thomas, Lord Viscount Weymouth, but
died before cohabitation (whilst his Lordship was on his travels)
on June J 9th, 1729.

Fourth, Lord John Philip, born on June 22d, 1713, who was
chosen member for Tamworth, to the parliaments summoned in
1734 and 17.41 -, he was appointed to the lieutenancy of Dover
Castle in July, 1/34 ; in September, 1736, made equerry to her
Majesty ; in January 1744-5, constituted gentleman of the bed-
chamber to Frederick Prince of Wales ; and (lied on December
3d, 1765. His Lordship married Lady Frances, daughter of
John Earl Gower, by whom he had issue, John Frederick, the late
Duke of Dorset; and a daughter, Mary, who on August 30th,
17^7> married Sackville Tufton, Earl of Thanet, and died in Sep-
tember 177S.

Fifth, Lord George Germaine, c born January 26th, 1715-16,
of whom we shall speak under Viscount Sackville,

Sixth, Lady Caroline, who bad his late Majesty for her god^
father, was married on July 27th, 1742, to Joseph Damer, Lord
Milton, and died March 24th, 1775.

Seventh, Charles second Duke of Dorset, was born on
February 6th, 17 10-11. In 1734, was made governor of Walmer
Castle, and elected to parliament for East Grimsted ; d also to the
next parliament summoned to meet on June 25th, 1741, was
chosen for the same place $ likewise knight of the shire for the
county of Sussex j e having been on May 26th, 1741 (before the
meeting of the parliament) constituted, by his Majesty, high
steward of the honour of Otford in the county of Kent, in order
to his election for the county. On December 24th, 1743, ac-
cepting the place of one of the lords commissioners of the treasury,
he was again chosen for the county of Sussex -, f and resigning his

c Created February $t% 1782, Baron Bolebroke and Viscount Sackville.

* Pari. Regist/No. 195. e Ibid. No. 187.

t Ibid,

DUKE OF DORSET. 179

place in the treasury in 1747, he was soon after constituted master
of the horse to his late Royal Highness, Frederick Prince of
Wales, and in that quality attended his funeral, April 13th, 1751.

In the parliament which sat first on business, November 12th,
1747, * he was elected for the borough of Old Sarum in Wilt-
shire, and in the two next for East Grimsted.

His Grace married Grace, daughter and sole heir of the Right
Honourable Richard Boyle, Lord Viscount Shannon of the king-
dom of Ireland, of whom under the title of Lord Boyle. Her
Ladyship, in June 1745, was appointed mistress of the robes to
Augusta, Princess of Wales -, and was one of the ladies of her
bed-chamber when she died, May 10th, 1763, universally es-
teemed for her many virtues and accomplishments. On the death
of his father, he succeeded to the family titles and estates, was ap-
pointed lord lieutenant, vice-admiral and custos rotulorum of the
county of Kent, and city of Canterbury j elected high steward of
Stratford-upon-Avon j and sworn of his Majesty's most honourable
privy-council. He possessed the hereditary talents of his family j
and was endowed with a brilliance of fancy, and elegant fluency
of language which displayed themselves in many occasional com-
positions, and attracted the just admiration of the public.11 His
Grace died without issue, on January 6th, 1769, and was suc-
ceeded by his nephew, John Frederick, son of his next brother,
John Philip, by Frances, daughter of John Earl Gower, as before
mentioned. Which

John Frederick the third Duke of Dorset, previous to
his succeeding to the peerage, was representative in parliament
for the county of Kent. His grace was lord lieutenant and
custos rotulorum of the county of Kent, and city of Canterbury,
and vice admiral of the coasts of the said county. In December
1783, his Grace was appointed ambassador to France, which
office he held for some years. In 1782, he was appointed captain
of the yeomen of the guard j and on October 7th, 1789, on the
death of the Duke of Chandos, he was made lord steward of the
household, which he held till the beginning of 1799- He married,
January 4th, 179O, Arabella Diana Cope, daughter and coheir of
Sir Charles Cope, Bart, (by Catharine, daughter of Sir Cecil
Bisshopp, Bart. ; which Lady remarried the present Earl of Liver-
pool.) By her he had issue, first, Mary, born July 30th, 1792;
second, George John Frederick, present Duke; third, Elizabeth,

« Ibid. No. ai6. * Sec Park's Royal and Noble Authors.

180 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

born August 11th, 1795. His Grace died July 19th, I fQQ ; and
his widow remarried in April 1801,, Charles Lord Whitworth.

George John Frederick, his only son, born November
15th, 1793, is present, and fourth Duke of Dorset.

Titles. George John Frederick Sackville, Duke and Earl of
Dorset, Earl of Middlesex j Baron of Buckhurst, and Baron of
Cranfield.

Creations. Baron of Buckhurst in Sussex, by letters patent,
June 8th, 1566, 8 Eliz. Earl of the county of Dorset, March 13th,
l603-4, 1 Jac. I. Baron Cranfield of Cranfield, in the county of
Bedford, and Earl of the county of Middlesex, April 4th, 1675,
2/ Car. II. and Duke of the county of Dorset, June 13th, 1/20,
6 Geo. I.

Arms. Quarterly, Or and Gules, a bend, Vaire.

Crest. Out of a coronet, adorned with Fleurs de Lis, Or, an
estoile of twelve points, argent.

Supporters. Two leopards, Argent, Spotted Sable.

Motto. Aut nunquam tentes aut perfice.

Chief Seat. At Knowle, in the county of Kent,

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE.' 18!

PELHAM, DUKE OF NEWCASTLE.

" The first of this family, of whom I have found mention," says
Dugdale," is Geffery de Clinton, lord chamberlain a and treasurer
to King Henry I. grandson to William de Tankervilla, chamber-
lain of Normandy, and Maud his wife, daughter of William de
Arches, as some say. b But of this I have some reason to doubt,
in regard that a writer0 of credit cotemporary with him affirms,
that he was of mean parentage, and raised from the dust through
the favour of the King, by whose bounty he had large possessions,
and was afterwards advanced to that great office of justice of
England."*1

This Geffery built the great and strong castle of Kenilworth
in Warwickshire, which he much delighted in, by reason of the
spacious woods, and that large and pleasant lake lying amongst
them (as is observed by Sir William Dugdale in his History of
Warwickshire) near unto which he also founded a monastery for
Black Canons. But this branch terminated by the death of his
great grandson, Henry de Clinton, without issue. e

Osbert de Clinton, brother of Geffery, had four sons, f first,
Osbert, his successor, and ancestor to the present Duke of New-

a Registr. de Kenilworth, p. i. t, Rot. |. Rous.

c Ord. Vit. p. 805. b. * Dug Bar vol i. p. 528.

• The series was as follows: Geffery, his son, by Agnes, daughter of
Roger Earl of Warwick, had Henry, living 14 John, who, by Amiciade Bidun,
had Henry, who died without issue 17 Hen III. leaving his three sisters his
coheirs: viz. Amicabil, wife of Lucas de Columbers; Isabel, of Ralph Fitz
John; and Agnes, of Warine de Bragenham-

f Mr. Edmondson's Baronagium Genealogicum.

182 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

castle j second, Roger de Clinton, who died bishop of Coventry,
A.D. 1148 j third, Hugh de Clinton; and, fourth, Maurice de
Clinton.

Osbert, the eldest son, had a grant of the Lordship of Cole-
shill, from his kinsman GcfTery de Clinton ; and thereupon was
denominated of Coleshill, in 8 Hen. II. « as also in 10 and 1 1
Henry II. on payment of the scutage collected in those parts. He
had to wife h Margaret, daughter of William de Hatton (son to
Hugh, founder of the priory of Wroxhall) and by her (who after-
wards married Richard Bcauchamp, and John de Abetot) had
Osbert, his son and heir, who was also l possessed of Amington,
in the county of Warwick, the inheritance of his mother.

Which Osbert bore the surname of Clinton in 1207. In
9 Job. he obtained the King's charter for a weekly market at his
lordship of Coleshill. k But having been in arms with the rebel-
lious barons ; 1 he made his peace in 1 Hen. III. and had his
pardon , whereupon his lands, which had been seized for that
transgression, were restored to him. He died in 1223, leaving m
(by Elisant his wife) Thomas, hig son and heir.

Which Thomas was one of the justices of assize for the
county of Warwick ; and in 38 Hen. III. n obtained a charter for
free warren, within his lordship of Coleshill ; but resided at
Amington in com. Warwick. He married Mazera, daughter and
heir of James de Bisege, of Badsley, in com. Warwick, ° by whom
he had issue five sons, first, Thomas j second, Sir John, of Cole-
shill (whose male line expired in 1353) ; he was an adherent to
the rebellious Barons, 4Q Hen. III. but restored to favour. He
had issue John, a powerful man, who by Alice Grendon, had
another John, who died 27 Edw. III. leaving Joan his daughter
and heir, married, first, to Sir John de Montfort, Knight;
secondly, to Sir John Sutton, Lord of Dudley ; thirdly, to Sir Henry
Griffith, Lord of Whichnour, com. Staff. Third, Osbert, Lord of
the manor of Austrey, com. Warw. who died without issue ; f
fourth, William, rector of the church of Austrey; and, fifth,
James, who was seated at Badsley (the inheritance of his mother)
which now retains the name of Badsley Clinton ; and left issue 'i

t Rot. Piso 8 H. 1 1. Warw. and Rot. Pip. io and u H. II.

»* Ex Vet- Membr. penes Robert Dom. Digby.

• Dugdale, p 825- k Cart. 9. Joh. m- 7.

1 Claus: 17 H- 1 1 1 • m. 16. « Claus. 7. H. 1 1 1, m. z6-

n Claus. 38 H. III. • Dugdale, p. 709. '

- t Dugd. ut antea, p. 810* * Ibid. p. 709.

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 183

Thomas, his son and heir, whose two daughters were his heirs,
whereof Joan the eldest was married first to John Coningsby, and
secondly to John Fowkes j and Petronilla, the youngest, was the
wife of John Woodward of Solihull, in Warwickshire.

Thomas de Clinton, the eldest of the said five sons, married
Maud, daughter of Sir Ralph Bracebridge, of Kinsbury in com.
Warwick, Knight, r and left issue by her, John, his son and
heir.

Which John de Clinton, residing at Amington, as his father
did, was wrote of that place in 28 Edw. I. s and called John de
Clinton, junior (his uncle John de Clinton of Coleshill being then
alive) in which year he obtained a charter for free warren in all
his demesne lands there. In 26 Edw. I.* he was in that expedi-
tion then made into Scotland ; also in u 28 Edw. I. on February
6th, 1298, he had summons to parliament as Baron Clinton of
Maxtock; and in 1301 had x special summons among divers great
men, to attend the King at Berwick upon Tweed, on June 25th,
the feast* day of the nativity of St. John the Baptist, to march
against the Scots. At which time the King invading Scotland y
with his royal army j as a particular badge of his favour to him,
for his special service in that expedition, z called him his beloved
Esq. j he by his letters patent, dated August 2d, at Glasgow,
granted unto him lands in that kingdom, the yalue of 40/. per
annum, which were part of the possessions of Malcolm Dromond
(ancestor of the family of Perth) then in arms against King
Edward.

In 31 Edw. I he wasa again in the wars of Scotland -, and in
June, 34 Edw. I.b by the King's special command, he attended
Edward Prince of Wales into Ponthieu. In 1308, c he had the
castle and honour of Wallingford committed to his keeping. Ida
his wife, in 6 Edw. II. was in her widowhood, d and an attendant
on Isabel the Queen, into France, with King Edward ; and there-
upon had the King's letters of protection, May 3d, 1313, to hold
till August 1st following, being therein wrote Ida, late wife of
John de Clinton. She was the eldest of the four sisters and e co-

r Plac. coram. I de Valibus, n E/I« Rot. 10.

■ Curt. 28 E. I m. 14. , Rot. Scoc. 20 I m 12.

a Rot. Scoc 28 E. I. m. 11. x Claus. 29 E- I. in dorsom. 13.

y Walsing Hist in 1302. z Ex Autog. in Bibl. Hatton.

* Rot- Scoc. 31 E I- m. 12. b Pat 34 E. I. m. 20

c Rot. Fin. 1 E. II. m. 2. « Rym. Feed torn. hi. p. 4o£> et seq.

« Dug, Warwick p. 688.

\

184 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

heirs of Sir William de OdingselJs, Lord of Maxtock Castle, and
other possessions in Warwickshire, whose wife was Ela, daughter
of William Longspee, second of that name, Earl of Salisbury.
After this marriage her husband seated himself at Maxtock,

The said John de Clinton left issue by her two sons, both in
minority, f John his heir 5 and

William, a younger son, whose great actions, and eminent
employments, do so sufficiently manifest his great abilities, that
he may well be reputed one of the chiefest worthies of the king-
dom. In 17 Edw. II. I find this William, 8 and his eldest brother
John, were both knights. In 3 Edw. III. he wedded Julian,1'
daughter and heir of Sir Thomas de Leybourn, a great Kentish
heiress, and widow of John Lord Hastings of Bergavenny ; which,
by Sir William Dugdale, is observed to be a great step to his ad-
vancement ; but it is evident, he had distinguished himself before
his marriage: * for February 20th, 1325, the King signified to
him, that having put off his expedition into Guyen from Midlent
to the morrow of the ascension, he nevertheless commands him to
be at Portsmouth the Sunday after Midlent, to accompany John
Earl Warren, with the forces under his command, in those parts.
And King Edward III. in the first year of his reign, reciting k
that whereas the said "\Villiam de Clinton had performed good
services to him and Queen Isabel his mother, when beyond the
seas, for which they had promised him lands of the value of
200/. per annum j on confidence of which he had enlarged his
family et se posuit ad Vexillum ; he now grants to the said William,
the castle, manor, and hundred of Halerton, in the counties of
Chester and Lancaster. Also the same year, ' he was ordered to
conduct John Earl of Heinault, with his men at arms (who then
landed at Dover) to aid King Edward in his Scottish wars j and
was also that year m with the King in his expedition into Scot-
land. In 4 Edw. III. he was constituted governor ofn Dover
Castle, and warden of the Cinque Ports ; also in 1333, consti-,
tuted admiral of the seas ; and the same year attending the King
into Scotland, ° was at the famous battle of Hallidown -, after
which great victory, the King had Berwick surrendered to him,

f Pat. 8 E. II m. 6. etCIaus.9 E. II. m. 12.

c MS in Bibl. Cotton. Nom, Milit. in Cancel, ret- 17 E. II.

u Claus. 3 £. III. m. if, ' Rymer's Feed. torn. iv. p. 133, et seq.

k Ibid p, 311. 1 Rot Scoc. 1 E. I II. in dorso, m. 9.

» Barnes's Hist, of E III. p. 7,etseq. ■ Rot. Fin 4 E. III. m. 11.

0 Barnes, p. So, et seq-

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 185

which was annexed to the crown of England. And standing
high in the favour of King Edward, he created p him Earl of
Huntingdon, by charter bearing date l6th Martii, 1337. After
many signal exploits, he was, on August 29th, 1359, m tnat. sea
engagement near Winchelsea, q where the Spaniards were beaten j
and had not night favoured tlvva, would have been all lost or
taken. He died on August 25th, r 1354, leaving no issue j and
as the inquisition reciteth, Sir John de Clinton, Knight (son of
John his eldest brother) was his next heir, and then of the age
of twenty-eight years : Julian his wife surviving, who was a
great benefactress to the abbey of St. Austin's at Canterbury,
where she bequeathed her body to be buried on the south side of
the church.

I shall now treat of Sir John Clinton, second Loud
Clinton, elder brother to the said William Earl of Huntingdon.
The first mention I find of him is in 17 Edw. II. * before which
time he had been knighted j being that year returned among the
principal knights of the county of Warwick, who bore ancient
arms from their ancestors. In 18 Edw. II. he was summoned1
by the name of Sir John de Clinton, of Maxstoke, to be at Ports-
mouth the Sunday after Midlent, to go with John Earl of Warren,
for the relief of the Duchy of Guyen : how long he continued in
that service does not appear ; but he had so far distinguished him-
self, that in the sixth year of King Edward III. he had ■ summons
to parliament amongst the Barons of the realm j also in the
seventh, eighth, and ninth years of that King. In which lastx he
had an order on the treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer, for
the -payment of 70/. to him, expended by him in the King's
service. He died soon after, leaving by Margery his wife, daughter
of Sir William Corbet, of Chadsley Corbet in Worcestershire,
Knight, Sir John Clinton, his son and heir, and a daughter, Mary,
married to Baldwin de Mountfort of Coleshill.

Which Sir John, third Lord Clinton, was born y in the
year 1326, and serving from his youth in the wars under his uncle
the Earl of Huntingdon, had the honour of knighthood conferred
on him before 1354.

p Cart. 10 E. III. n.41.

1 Barnes, p. 452, and Stovv's Annals, p 250-

r Esc. 28 E. 1 1 1 n. 59. * MS B. 5, in Bibl. Joh. Anstis Arm.

1 Rymer, torn. iv. p. 133, et seq Claus de iisd Ann in dorso-

■ Rymcr, p. 657. * Es- 28 E. 111. n. 29.

1 Ibid.

186 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

In 1355 he served under Edward Prince of Wales in Gas-
coign e, in which campaign several towns were taken from the
French ; and the next year he serving again in those parts, was
in the memorable battle of Poictiers, in which John the French
King was taken prisoner, and his numerous army totally de-
feated.

His services in those wars rendered him so conspicuous, that
immediately after his return hez had summons to parliament
among the Barons of the realm the same year, viz. 31 Edw. III.

In 33 Edw. III. a he was again in the wars in France, the
King's summons in that year not permitting any to stay at homeb
between the ages of twenty and sixty, whereby many thousands
that came were turned back, and 100,000 of the most chosen
men were retained : ships to the number of 1123 sail, were pro-
vided to take them in at Sandwich j and King Edward caused it
to be proclaimed among them, " That it was his resolution to go
into France, and never to return again alive, till either by war he
should end the controversy, or obtain a peace to his honour;
otherwise he would lose his life in the attempt. And therefore
if any among them was unwilling to partake with him, he had
his free leave to depart." But every one answered, " They were
resolved to live and die with their King." They embarked at
Sandwich, October 28th, inter auroram diei et ortum Solis, as the
record c expresses ; (that is, between dawning of the day and sun
risej) and landed that evening at Calais. The King had with
him the Prince of Wales, and three other of his sons ; the
youngest, Thomas of Woodstock, being left in England, and ap-
pointed regent, with a council. This army contained most of the
nobility of the land, and the Lord Clinton is mentioned in d two
records to be in it.

I find no further mention of the Lord Clinton till 43 Edw. III.
when the French King perfidiously took Ponthieu, which caused
an open rupture. King Edward thereupon assumed again the
title of King of France, changed his seals, and obtained from the
parliament a mighty aid to enable him by war to recover his right.
Then the Lord Clinton, in company of the great Thomas Beau-
champ, Earl of Warwick, c as the record testifies, went over to

x Claus. i E. II I. in dorso. » Rot. Vascon. 33 E. III. m. 9.

b Barnes, p. 566. c Claus 33 E. III. m. 9. dorso.

* Rot. Vascon. 33 E.III. m. 9, et Rot. Vascon. 34 E. III. m. iz.

■ Rot. Franc 43 E lit. m 5.

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 187

the wars in France, where they took many itrong towns, and
gained great honour by their conduct and valour.

In 41 Edw. III. (October 4 th) he was first summoned to par-
liament f among the Barons of the realm ; also in the parliament
that met at Westminster ins 51 Edw. III. held by Richard
Prince of Wales j and in all other parliaments to the time of his
decease.

On May 30, 13/1, the King gave h this Lord Clinton infor-
mation, that the French were preparing to invade England j and
to obviate their intentions of landing, he requires him to repair to
his manor of Folkestone in Kent, and to raise forces in thatcounty,
to be ready to oppose them.

On June 30th, 1377, the King notified to him, ■ that his ad-
versary, Charles V. of France had prepared a fleet with a great
number of armed men, and were come on the Kentish coast. He
therefore charges his uncle Edmund Earl of Cambridge, constable
of Dover Castle, this John Lord Clinton, William Lord Latimer,
and John Lord Cobham, jointly, or separately, to impress any
person they shall find fit for his service, for the defence of the
•aid county of Kent, and to oppose the enemy.

In 1380, hek accompanied Thomas of Woodstock into France ;
they landed at Calais, and marched through France ■ into Bri-
tanny, making devastation, as they went ; and, as observed by
Froissard, ■ the Lord Clinton rode with his banner displayed, and
performed certain feats of arms at Nants, with Sir Galoys D'Aunoy.
In 6 Ric. II. n he was again in the wars with France j in which
year ° they took the towns of Graveling, Bruges, Newport, and
Dunkirk.

In 8 Ric. II. he had command from the King to be at New-
castle upon Tyne, p on July 14th, with his men, horses, and arms,
according to his whole service, or more than his quota, if possible,
to march against the Scots, who had that year taken the town of
Berwick upon Tweed. But on the English forces, according to
the King's summons, coming before that town, 1 and straightly
besieging it, it was again surrendered to the English army the
tame year.

f Cotton's Records, p. 115, 116. t Ibid p. 141, 145, et seq.

h Rymer's Feed vol vi. p. 688. i Rymer, vol vii. p. 154.

k Froissard's Chron. fol. 237. 1 Stow's Annal's p. 282.

m Chron. fol 249. „ Rot. Franc. 6 R. II m. 29.

• Stow, p. 295. p Rymer, vol. vii. p. 473, 474.

1 Hist, of Eng. voli. p. 253.

188 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Having married to his second wife Elizabeth, daughter and at
length heir of William de la Plaunch of Haversham, in com.
Buckingh. (cousin and heir to Sir Roger Hillary, Knight,) and
widow of Sir Robert Grey of Rotherfield, Knight, who held in
capite of the King, and without his consent, r he had October
24th. 12 Rich. II. a special pardon on that account; but by this
Lady, who died 1424, and was buried at Haversham, he had no
issue. Also the same year had an s assignation of the manors of
Coges, and Herdwyke, with a moiety of the manors of Somer-
ford, and Fringford, as also the fourth part of the manor of Stan-
lake, all lying in Oxfordshire ; being her dowry, of the lands of
the said Sir Robert Grey.

In 20 Ric. II. on the attainder and banishment of Thomas
Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, he had the castle of Warwick, with
all the manors and lands thereunto belonging, l committed to his
custody. And having been summoned among the Barons, as
before recited, and sat in that parliament of the 2lst Ric. II. u to
which he had summons November 4th -, he departed this life dur-
ing the sessions, x on September 8th, 1399-

By his first wife Idonea, y eldest daughter of JefFery Lord
Say (by Maud his wrfe, daughter of Guy Beauchamp, Earl of
Warwick) and coheir to her brother William Lord Say, and
cousin and heir of William de Say, Baron of Sele, he had issue z
a daughter, Catherine, married to Thomas Lord Berkeley j and
three sons, a Sir William de Clinton, his heir, Sir Thomas de
Clinton, and Edward. William Lord Say, b brother to the said
Idonea, left issue John, his son and heir, who died in his mino-
rity c in 6 Ric. IT. leaving Elizabeth, his sister and heir, at that
time sixteen years of age, who had to her first husband d John de
Falvesley, and secondly Sir William Heron, Knight, who sur-
vived her j but by neither of them had issue 5 whereby the said
Idonea was at length the eldest coheir of the noble family of Say,
which had produced several eminent persons from the time of the
conquest.

Before I treat of Sir William Clinton, her eldest son, I shall
give some account of her two younger sons.

r Pat. 12 R II. p 3. m 15. • Claus 12 R. II. 111.31.

1 Pat. 20 R.I I- P'3-m 29. u Cotton, p. 366

x Esc 22 R. II n. 93. y Ex Collect. R Glover, Somers.

z St George's Bar. praed. » Dugdale's Warwicksh.

k Claus. 6R.II- p i.m, 24 c Esc. 6R. II n. 67.

* Rot fin. 6 R. II- m. 16.

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 189

Sir Thomas Clinton the second e was seated at Amington in
Warwickshire. On January 7th, 1386, f he had the King's pro-
tection, as going in his service, under the command of John of
Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, nominal King of Castile and Leon,
into Spain. That year the Spaniards besieged Lisbon, and John I.
King of Portugal, thereupon sent an embassy into England for
assistance. The Duke of Lancaster, by the assent of the lords
and commons in parliament, 8 began his voyage in the beginning
of May, with an army of 20,000 men; they had various en-
counters, lost many by sickness, and the Duke :* did not return
till the beginning of November, 138g : it may be presumed, that
this Sir Thomas Clinton died in the expedition. He left by his
wife Joan, daughter and coheir of Sir Hugh Meynell, ' of Langley
Meynell in Derbyshire, only a daughter, his heir, named Anne,
married to Sir Robert Francis of Formark, in com. Derb. whence
is descended the present Sir Francis Burdett, Bart.

Edward, third son, died k unmarried in 1400.

I am now to treat of Sir William Clinton, the eldest son
of the said John, third Lord Clinton. He had to wife Elizabeth,
daughter of Sir William Deincourt, Knight, l by Alice his wife,
daughter of John Lord Nevile of Raby, and sister of Ralph, first
Earl of Westmorland j and the said Sir William dying in the life
time of his father, left issue William his heir, (who succeeded his
grandfather, John Lord Clinton) and Richard Clinton, second
son.

Which William, fourth Lord Clinton,1" April 28th, in
22 Ric. II. had the King's protection for a year, going in his
service into Ireland. In 1 Hen. IV. n he was with the King in
that expedition then made into Scotland, when he burnt great
part of the ° towns of Edinburgh and Leith, and besieged the
castle of Edinburgh (commonly called then the Maiden castle,
from its Gaelic etymology) wherein Prince David Stuart, Duke
of Rothesay, and heir apparent of the realm, commanded , but
the winter approaching, the King broke up his siege. In 3
Henry IV. p he was in the wars of France -, and in 5 Henry IV.

• Dugdale ut antea. ' Rymer's Foedera, vol. vii p. 490, 491.

g Knighton, p. 2676. h Walsingh. p. 375.

! Miller's Pedigree of Nob. MS- penes meips. k Ibid.

1 Jekyl's Barones Extincti, MS. p. 71.
m Rymer, torn- viii. p. 78. « Rot Sco. 1 H. IV. m. 11.

0 Rot. Franc 3 H. IV. m. iz. p Hall's Chron.fol. 17.

igo PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

ne i was, with John Earl of Somerset, then captain of Calais, re-
tained for the defence of that garrison. In 6 Henry IV. doing his
homage, he had livery of his purparty of the lands of William de
Say, as heir to him by his grandmother Idonea : whereupon he
bore the title of Lord Say, in 3 Henry V. r when he attended the
King in his wars in France. In 5 Henry V. he embarked8 with
the King about the end of July at Portsmouth, and landing in
Normandy, was at the taking the strong castle of Tonque j and
afterwards at the siege of Caen in Normandy, which was strongly
fortified, and at last taken by assault. In 8 Henry V. he was
also * with the King at the siege of Molyn on the Seine ; and con-
tinuing with that victorious monarch, he was, next year, n at the
siege of the city of Meux, in Brye.

In 5 Henry VI. he was in the wars x of France ; being then
retained by indenture f to serve the King with twenty-five men at
arms, and seventy-eight archers. And in 9 Henry VI. being
again retained z by indenture, to serve the King with one knight,
thirty-eight men at arms, and three hundred archers, was in those
wars : a the King himself being b in person there. And having
been summoned to parliament0 from 23 Rich. II. till 9 Henry VI.
inclusive, departed this life d on July 30th, 1432, seized of the e
manors of Birlinge, and Folkestone, in com. Cantii j of the manor*
of Hamme Saye, and Buckestede, in com. Suss, as also of the
castle of Maxstoke, with the hamlets of Cotton and Merston,
juxta Kingsbury ; of the manors of Shustoke and Amington j the
moiety of the manor of Piry Croft, and third part of the manor
of Pakkyngtou Pigot, all in com. War. leaving issue, by Anne
his wife, daughter f of William Lord Botreaux, and widow of
Sir Fouke Fitzwaryn, Knight 5 John, * his son and heir, twenty,
two years- of age.

John, fifth Lord Clinton, in 12 Henry VI. was in that
expedition h then made into France : and in 16 Henry VI.
passed l away his castle and manor of Maxstoke,, unto Humphrey
Earl of Stafford and Anne his wife, k in exchange for the manors

q Rot- Franc 5 H. IV. m. 27. r Rot. Franc. 3 H. V. m. 15.

• Hall's Chron. fol. 55, b and 56, a and b. * Ibid. fol. 74.

u Hall's Chron. fol. 78. x Rot. Franc. 5 Hen. VI. mi 3.

y Ex Autog. penes Cler. Pell. 42 Ibid.

• Rot. Franc. 9 Hen. VI. m. 2. b Ibid.

c Claus. deiisd.'An. in dorso. d Esc. 10 Hen. VI. n. 36.

« Ibid. ' Ex Stemmate penes Hen. com. Line.

s Esc. ut supra. h Rot. Franc- iz H. VI. ra. 1.

1 Ex Autog. penes Tho. Dilke arm. k Ibid.

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 191

of Whiston, and Woodford, in com. Northamp. In 17 Hen. VI.
the Duke of York being made regent of France, he,1 with many
other noblemen, sailed with him into Normandy.

In 19 Henry VI. being again in the wars of France, m and of
the retinue, with Richard Duke of York, he had the hard fate to
be taken prisoner, n where he so continued for more than six
years ; and was necessitated to give six thousand marks for his
ransom. In 26 Henry VI. he had special licence, towards raising
that sum, to employ his agents ° for the buying of 600 sacks of
wool in England, and to transport them from London, or South-
ampton, into Lombardy : as also 600 woollen cloths, and to
transport them to any foreign country ; paying for every sack and
cloth, unto the King as any other denizen used to do.

On his return, in 27 Henry VI. he, by his deed, bearing date
November 1st, granted » and confirmed to his kinsman, Sir James
Fynes, Knight, (who in 25 Henry VI. had summons to parlia-
ment by the title of Lord Say and Sele, being descended from 1
Joan, third sister and coheir to William Lord Say) and to his
heirs and assigns for ever, the name and title of Lord Say, which
by reason of the descent of the said John, Lord Clinton, from
Idonea, the eldest sister, did, or might, belong unto him; as also
the arms, which by reason of that name, title, and honour, he
had by hereditary right, or otherwise.

But after this, viz, in 1459, he revolted from the King, and
adhered r to the house of York j for which his lands were seized,
and he himself3 attainted in the parliament then held at Coventry.
Howbeit, in 1461, (upon the change of that scene) being re-
stored ; he soon after was joined with the Earl of Kent, Lord
Fauconbridge, and Sir John Howard, for the safe keeping of the
seas j and landing in Brittanny with 10,000 men, they won the
town of Conquet, with the Isle of Rhee. In 3 Edw. IV. he* at-
tended the King into the north j at which time he laid siege to
the castles of Bamburg, Dunstanburgh, and Alnwick, then held
by the Duke of Somerset, and others of the Lancastrian party : he
died on September" 24th, 1464, leaving John, his only son and

1 Hall's Chron.fol. 138. ■ Rot Franc. 19 H. VI. m.27.

» Ibid. 26 H. Vl.m. 13. o ibid.

p Ex Autogr. penes Ric Fenys de Broughton, Ar. An. i«;86.

4 Rot. Fin. 6. H. IV. m. 7. r Claus. 38 H- VI. m. 12.

» Hollmsh. Chron- p. 652, n. 10. « Stow's Ann p 416,417.

« Esc 4 E. IV. n 12.

102 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

heir, of the age of thirty years and more, by Elizabeth his wife,
daughter of Richard Fynes, Lord Dacre of Hurst- Monceaux in
Sussex.

Which John, sixth Lord Cltnton,x married Anne, daughter
of Sir Humphry Stafford, and died on Feb. 2Qth, 1488, leaving
John, his son and heir.

Which John, seventh Lord Clinton, in 3 Henry VII. ac-
companied y Sir Edward Poynings, Knight of the Garter, with
1500 archers, in aid of Margaret, Duchess of Savoy, against the
Duke of Guelders. And in 1514, with divers z other persons of
honour, and 400 men at arms, went over to Calais for the better
defence of that garrison. Moreover, the same year, the Lady
Mary (sister to the King) being married to Lewis XII. the French
King, on October 9th, and the Dauphin having ploclaimed justs
at Paris, he accompanied the Duke of Suifolk thither, they being
all clad in green coats and hoods, to the end that they might not
be known. He died on June 4th, 1515, leaving Thomas, his
son and heir, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Morgan
of Tredegar, in the county of Monmouth, Knight. Which

Thomas, eighth Lord Clinton, at the time of his father's
decease, a was twenty four years of age, and succeeded to the
manor of Folkestone in Kent, with other large possessions j andb
having summons to parliament, took his place among the Barons
of the realm. But two years after, a distemper, called the sweat-
ing sickness, raging with that malignity as to kill in three hours,
divers knights, gentlemen, and officers of the King's court 3 the
Lord Clinton, and others of quality, who arec recited by Lord
Herbert in his life of Henry VIII. as of the King's court, died
thereof. He had then entered the 28th year of his age, and dying
on August 7th, 1517, left an only son, Edward, by Mary his wife,
natural daughter of Sir Edward Poynings, Banneret, and Knight
of the Garter. By the inquisition taken d at Warwick after his
decease, viz. February 26th following, the jury found, that he
died possessed of the manors of Bole Hall, Shustoke, Pakington,
Amington Parva, Amington Magna, Pericroft, and Austre, in
Warwickshire ; and that Edward was his son and heir, of the age

x Omitted by Dugdale. r Stow's Ann. p, 489.

2 Ibid. » Escaet, 9 H. VIILKanc

h Journal of Pari, de eod. Ann. c General Hist, of Eng. vol. ii. p. 28.

d Cole's Inquisition of the Court of Wards, libiv Not. 61. A. 15, p. 8z,
in Bibl. Harley.

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 193

of five years and upwards. Also by inquisition taken at Canter-
bury, March 13th, 1518, the saide Edward was found to be heir
to his grandfather John Lord Clinton, who died on June 4th,
7 Henry VIII. seized in the county of Kent of the manors of
Folkestone-Clinton, Huntyngton, alias Hunton, Bemsted, Gol-
stane, alias Goldestanton, Lees, alias Elmes, alias Selmes, Poire,
alias Poldrex, and lands in Poldrex, called Eastdown, and Rushin-
marsh ; also lands in Wingham, and Wodenesburgh, Ashe juxta
Sandwich ; and lands in the parish of St. Clement's, Sandwich.
The said

Edward, his son and heir, ninth Lord Clinton, and first
Earl of Lincoln, was born in 1512, and was, in the age he
lived, one of the most eminent persons this nation then produced.
His father leaving him an infant, he was, according to the custom
of those times, in ward to the King j and such care was taken of his
education, that he became wise, valiant, and fortunate, in all his
enterprizes. In 1532, being then in the twentieth year of his
age, he waited on the King ? to that memorable interview with
Francis I. the French King, who met at Sandingfield ; and after
mutual compliments, King Henry went to Boloign, where he was
most royally entertained with his whole train for four days : and
in return the French King with his court accompanied King
Henry VIII. to Calais, where they also staid four days, enter-
tained in the like manner. Hall has given a curious account of
the whole proceedings (mentioning the Lord Clinton) and of the
entertainments on that solemn meeting. When he came of full
age, he took his place among the Barons as Lord Clinton ; and
was specially summoned by writ, April 27th, 28 Hen. VIII. * by
the title of Edward Clinton Chivalier, to attend in the parliament
to be held at Westminster June 8th, following, on divers arduous
and urgent affairs, concerning the crown and kingdom, as the
writ imports. Also, bearing the same title, he was specially
summoned to that parliament held at Westminster, in 1539, h
and present on May 23d, at passing the act for the dissolution of
the monasteries, &c. whereof Sir Henry Spelman observes the
misfortunes that happened to the King, and most of the peers : l

e Cole's Inquisition of the Court of Wards, lib. iv. Not. 61. A. 15, p. 8i»
in 3ibl Harley.

f Hall's Chronicle, fol 208.
e Rymer's Fcedera, vol xiv p 563, 565.
h Spelman's Hist of Sacrilege, p. 196. » Ibid- p. 219.

vol. 11. o

194 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

but of this Lord Clinton only recites his being made Earl of
Lincoln, with the time of his death, and the issue from him to
Theophilus Earl of Lincoln, his great grandson, then living, with-
out any disaster that befel them.

In 32 Hen. VIII. a great just at tourney, and barriers, having
been proclaimed in France, Flanders, Scotland, and Spain, for all
comers, to be holden at Westminster, May 1st, k the Lord Clinton
was the third of the forty-six defendants, who, very richly appa-
relled, appeared on that occasion, which continued five days, the
King, Queen, and their whole court being present.

Having contracted an intimacy with John Viscount Lisle,
lord high admiral, he took to the sea service j and in 1544, x way
in the fleet sent unto Scotland that year, to conduct the Earl of
Hertford, general of the army, who landed near Leith on May
4th. The van was led by the lord admiral, with the Lord
Clinton ; and after encountering a body of the enemy, entered
Leith. The next day the army marching towards Edinburgh, the
townsmen offered to yield on certain conditions : but the Earl of
Hertford signified, that he was sent thither to take vengeance on
t,hem, for their detestable falsehood (in not complying to their
agreement, in sending their Queen, Mary, to be married to Prince
Edward) and unless they would submit to his pleasure, he would
put them to the sword, and set their city on fire. And they an-
swering it were better to stand in their own defence ; the Earl of
Hertford ordered the van to assault the town, which they per-
formed with that signal courage, as entering the Canongate, they
sjew all who made opposition, and setting fire to the city, it con-
tinued three days burning. And the Earl of Hertford, in reward
of the valiant behaviour of the assailants, conferred the honour of
knighthood on the most meritorious, whereof the m Lord Clinton
is the first in the list.

After this service, the lord admiral, with the Lord Clinton,
and the fleet, scoured the coasts of Scotland, till the King in
person laid siege to Bullogne ; and then sailing to the coasts of
France," arrived in the haven of Bullogne July 28th, and landing

k Stow's Annals, p. 579, 580.
1 Ibid. p. 509, and Herbert's Life of Hen. VI II in Hist, of Engl, vol. ii,

p. 243'

m Stow, ut antea.
« Diary of the siege and taking of Bollogne in Bibl. Cotton, sub Effig.
Cajigula, E. IV.

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 195

Bine hundred men, were assisting in the siege. Sto\v° observes,
that the admiral Lord Dudley, after his return out of Scotland,
with the men he brought, made the general assault on Bullogne,
which was courageously given, and as manfully defended ; so that
when the assailants had perceived how the breach that was made
stood, and what provision they within had for defence of the
town, which was great, they were called back and retired, but
not without loss on both sides. The town being soon after taken,
the lord admiral, for his services in the siege (wherein the Lord
Clinton also greatly merited) was made governor thereof.

Our historians do not mention the Lord Clinton's being further
employed in any other naval expedition in that reign ; but it is
likely he was with the Lord Lisle, the year after Bullogne was
taken, who landed P with 6000 men at Treport in Normandy, and
burnt the town and abbey, with thirty ships that lay in the
harbour. And it is on record, that he was present with the Lor4
Lisle in France, * and a witness to Francis the French King's
swearing to observe the treaty, signed in the tents in the field
near the town of Campens, in the confines of Ardres, and Guysnes,
June 7th; 1546.

At the funeral of Henry VIII. which was performed with the
utmost solemnity, r his Lordship was one of the twelve of the
principal peers, who were appointed as chief mourners, to give
their attendance on the royal corpse, as well at the hearse, as in
the removal thereof from place to place, to the interment at
Windsor, in February 1546-7.

After the accession of King Edward VI. his services merited
the favour of the Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector, and the
council, who knowing his abilities, conduct, and valour, in several
naval engagements, appointed him admiral of that fleet, s which
was to assist the Duke of Somerset in his expedition against Scot-
land, for refusing to comply with their treaty, for the marriage
of Mary, their Queen, with King Edward, so finally concluded,
that instruments of the contracts of marriage were, interchangeably,
sealed and sworn. The French, in all their wars, induced the
Scots to invade this kingdom j and were so jealous that the mar-
riage of King Edward, with the Scotch Queen, would break all
their measures for the future, as they employed all means to break

o Annals, p. 588. p Ibid- p 589.

n Rymer's Foedcra, vol xv. p 98, 99. r MS in Offic Armor. I. it-

• Sir John Hayward's Life of Edw. VI in Gen- Hist, of Eng. p 278, 279.

I

■

10(3 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the contract. To which end, the French King proposed Francis
his son (after King of France) to many the Queen ; and recalled
Matthew Earl of Lennox from his service in Italy, furnishing
him with money and forces to effect his purposes. This occa-
sioned the war with the Scots in the first year of King Edward ;
and the Protector was sent with an army against them, and the
Lord Clinton with a fleet to annoy them by sea, as well as to fight
the French^ who had promised the Scots assistance of shipping
and forces ; but failed in both.

The Lord Clinton rode with his fleet, consisting of fifty men
of war, and twelve gallies, in Edinburgh Frith ; and by his con-
duct and assistance, furthered the obtaining that memorable battle
of Musselborough, September 10th, 1547. The two armies were
divided by the river Eske, which was deep, the Scotch lying
nearest to it. The English first raised their camp, intending to
possess a hill, called Under Eske, which commanded the Scotch
camp ; but they, apprized thereof, passed the river and mounted
the hill, before the English could reach it. Whereupon the
Protector turned aside to another hill, called Pinkencleuch, which
fell much to their advantage, as well for that they were in place1
to be aided by their shipping, as they gained the advantage both
of wind and sun. And the Scotch, espying the English turning
from them, imagining they fell towards their shipping, as the
English fleet removed the day before from Leith to Mussle-
borough road j which they conceived to be for taking in the
English foot and carriages, that the horse might with less incum-
brance, and more haste, return back to England on the spur ;
thereupon the Scots, heaved up with sure hope of victory, for-
sook their hill, and marched into the plain towards the English ;
but when they were well advanced into the field, marching more-
than an ordinary pace, the great shot from the fleet, fired by order
of the Lord Clinton, so furiously u scoured among them, as many
of the Scots were torn in pieces, and a wing of Irish was so
grievously galled and scared therewith, that they had not either
heart to go forward, nor good assurance to run away. I shall not
enter into the particulars of the battle ; but my author observes,
that the fleet under the Lord Clinton plagued them very sore, till
at length a complete victory was obtained, * 14,000 being killed,
and 1500 taken prisoners. But the English made not the best

Sir John Hayward's Life of King Edw- VI. in Gen Hist, of Eng. p 283.
• Hayward praed. p 284. x Ibid. p. 236.

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 197

improvement of this great victory, by too much haste in departure,
though y the English fleet searched the havens where the Scottish
ships retired, in such sort, that they left few unspoiled or untaken.
The army fired Leith, and took some other places in Scotland,
where they stayed only twenty-five days after the fight, retreat-
ing (as given out) for that the season of the year and their pro-
visions were far spent, and the country afforded little forage.

On his return from that expedition, he had the same year, in
consideration of his services z against the Scots, grants of the
manor of Braunseton in the county of Lincoln, with the appur-
tenances, late parcel of the possessions of John Lord Hussey, ex-
ecuted in June 153/, for the northern insurrection ; also the
manor of Folkingham in the said county, late parcel of the pos-
sessions of the Duke of Norfolk, attainted of treason, and divers
other manors, lands, and tenements; likewise the manor of
Clifford in the county of Hereford, parcel of the possessions of
Edmund Mortimer, some time Earl of March. And the Pro-
tector and council, thinking him the ablest person to defend
Boloigne, threatened with a siege by the French, he was sent
over governor there.

Sir William Dugdale, in the account of his Lordship, says
only, u In 4 Ed. VI. being governor of Boloigne, then in scarcity
of provisions, he rendered it to the French upon articles :" whereas
he did not surrender it on articles, but by order of King Edward,
and his council, pursuant to a treaty of peace. And on April
25th, 1550, commissioners, specially appointed by their King, a
do acknowledge to have received the towns and county of high
and low Boloigne, with the port, together with the adjacent forts,
either taken or built by the English during the last war, viz. those
of Dimette, Picardy, and of the Tower of the Order, with the
store houses, &c. from Edward Lord Clinton, deputed by Edward
the Vltb, King of England.

His Lordship, on May 4th, 1550, was received by the council,
and thanked for his services; b and the whole council conducted
him to the King, who received him very graciously, gave him
publicly thanks for his demeanor at Boulogne, and at the same
time declared he should be made lord high admiral, and one of
his privy-council. Also on May 11th following, in consideration

y Hayward praed. p. 287.

z Strype's Memorialsi vol. ii. p. 78, and 231 ♦

Rymer, Feed vol, xv. p- 228. b Strype's Memorials, vol ii. p 23*

198 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

of bis great services at Boulogne, c it was determined to grant
him lands of 200/. per ann. and to make him one of the King's
privy chamber, viz. one of the lords of his bed-chamber, as now
stiled. And on May 14th, bearing the title Edward Lord Clinton
and Say, he had a grant d by patent during life of the office of
lord high admiral of England, Ireland, Wales, and the dominions
and isles of the same, the town of Calais, and the marches thereof,
of Normandy, Gascoign, and Aquitain, and chief commander of
the fleets and seas of the said kingdoms of England, Ireland, &c.
with a fee of 200 marks per ann. as the patent sets forth. And
by another patent, e dated June 10th following, the King granted
him the manors of Westinhanger, Statewood, alias Saltwood,
Folkstone, and divers other manors and lands, tenements, &c, in
the counties of Kent, Cornwall, York, Lincoln, Devonshire, and
Sussex, to the value of 246/. 5s. Id.

William Prynne, Esq. in his ie Animadversions to the insti-
tutes of the Laws of England," has, from records, given a whole
chapter, f of the court of admiralty, proceeding according to the
civil law. And asserts, 5 that Edward Lord Clinton, and Earl of
Lincoln, exercised and enjoyed admiral jurisdiction, in merchant
and marine causes, and foreign contracts, as well beyond as upon
the seas, as his predecessors had done, without restraint, by any
prohibitions of the court? of Westminster.

On July 8th following, h he was one of the council that signed
with the King a letter to Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester,
setting forth his offences, and requiring him to subscribe certain
articles : and soon after, was ' sent with the Lord Cobham, by
the King and council, to the Earl of Arundel (who on a message
sent by the King to him, refused to go into Sussex for prevention
of stirs likely to arise there) to require him to send the pardon he
had sued'for and obtained of the King, and to tell him that means
would be found to bring him to a trial of justifying the innocence
he pretended to.

In November the same year, he obtained a grant of thek
office of high steward of the manors of Westborough, Calthorp,
Riskington, Hekington, and Welborn in Lincolnshire ; and of
sdl other lands, tenements, &c. to hold the same during life. On

c Strype's Memorials, vol. ii. p. 230. «■ Pat. 4 E. VI. p. 4.

e Strype, p. 231. f Page 75.

* Page ico, and 122. » Strype, p. 238, 239.

1 Ibid. p. 233. k Bill Signal. 4 E. VI.

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 199

January 17th following, he had a licence, that whereas of late he
had inclosed grounds in Aslackby and Kirby Underwood, in the
county of Lincoln, for a park, it should be a free and lawful park
for keeping and feeding of deer. l The next day, the King granted
him, during life, the reversion of the office of steward of the
honour of Bolingbroke in Lincolnshire, and of all the manors,
lands, &c. in the parts of Kesteven, parcel of the Duchy of Lan-
caster, after the decease of Sir William Hussey, Knight, with all
fees, profits, &c. Also in February following, m obtained a gift
of all the lordships, manors, lands, &c. lying in the town of St.
Botolph, alias Boston, in Lincolnshire, belonging to the late
chantry of Corpus Christi, founded within the said town ; to hold
by fealty, and to take the profits from Easter, 2 Edw. VI. On
the /th of next month, n the indenture between the King and
Edward Lord Clinton, witnessed that the Lord Clinton had
bargained and sold, unto his Highness, his lordships and manors
in Folkingham, 3nd Aslackby, with the appurtenances, in ex-
change for the lordships and manors of Wye, and the rectory of
Wye, in the county of Kent;, with divers other lands, &c. to the
yearly value of 358/. 155. 8d. ° And on the 20th, had the office
of steward of the lordship of Newark upon Trent, and all the
lands and tenements thereunto belonging, with the office of con*
stable of the castle there, &c. during life. On the 25th, the
KingP granted him a lease for sixty years, of the manors of Folk-
ingham, Aslackby, and Temple Aslackby, in the county of Lin-
coln, with divers other lands. And on April 24th following, he
had the honour *' of being elected a Knight of the most noble
order of the Garter, with Henry II. the French King; and was
installed on June 30th, at the castle of Windsor : his plate of in-
stallation yet remaining in the chapel there, in the ninth stall, on
the Sovereign's side, r must have been put up afterwards, as he is
thereon stiled Earl of Lincoln, which he was not till May 4th,
1572.

The King also the same year further rewarded his * Lordship
with a grant of steward of all his lordships and manors in the
county of Lincoln, parcel of the possessions of the late monas-
teries of Valday, Newbol, Swineshcd, &c. for life, with several
fees amounting to a hundred marks; and had the King's1 letter

j Bill Signat 4 E. VI. m Ibid. 5 E. VI.

■ ibid. ; ibid. > p ibid.

' Meller's Collections of Knights of the Garter, MS penes meips.
' Ibid. a Ibid, p 232. J Ibid. p. 525-

200 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

to the bishop of Carlisle for a grant of a lease for sixty years, of
the manor of Horn Castle in Lincolnshire. He was likewise, the
same year, in two several commissions, with the great officers of
state, for proroguing the parliament ; and lords lieutenants of
counties being soon after first appointed, his Lordship, with the
Earl of Rutland, had Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire com-
mitted to their custody. u And in those counties to be the King's
justices to inquire of all treasons, misprisions of treason, insurrec-
tions, rebellions, unlawful assembiies, unlawful speaking of words,
confederacies, conspiracies, &c. oppressions, riots, routs, murders,
felonies, &c. and all accessaries of the same -, and to appoint cer-
tain days and places for inquiry thereof j and to be the King's
lieutenants within the said counties, for levying of men, and to
fight against the King's enemies and rebels, and execute upon
them martial law, &c. with commandment to all officers to be
assisting.

In 5 Edw. VI. on the arrival of the Marshal of France at
Gravesend, who was sent on an embassy with the Order of St.
Michael to King Edward, x and to propose a marriage between
the King and the Lady Elizabeth, the French King's eldest
daughter, the Lord Clinton was sent to receive him ; and on
July llth,y conducted him from thence to Durham place in the
Strand ; and the next day to the King at Richmond. Soon after
the French King having a third son born (afterwards Henry III.)
requested King Edward to stand godfather ; to which the King
returned answer, z that he would dispatch, for the accomplishment
thereof, the Lord Clinton, lord admiral. Accordingly, his Lord-
ship set out in November 1551, accompanied by several persons
of rank, for his embassy on that point ; and had also another com-
mission, with Sir William Pickering, ambassador leiger at Paris,
jointly and severally to hear the French propositions, relating to
the match between King Edward and the French King's daughter,
and transact all matters therein according to the instructions de-
livered to them.

The Lord Clinton, before he embarked,3 received 500 marks
in French crowns, of six shillings each, towards his charges in the
voyage j and carried b with him two flaggons of gold, with chains
of the same, weighing 1(35 ounces, which he was to present to

u Strype's Memorials, vol. ii. p. 484, 485.

x Haywardpraed. p. 318,319. * Ibid.

7- Strypeut antea, p. 287. ■ Ibid. * Ibid. p. 520.

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 201

Catherine de Medicis, the French Queen, at the christening of
her son ; also a ring set with a long diamond, to present to the
Princess Elizabeth, daughter of the King of France. The ex-
pences in standing proxy for the King at the royal infant's
baptism were 292 French crowns c (as specified in a warrant dated
in January to the lord treasurer for payment) which his Lordship
gave to the governor, the nurses, &c. During his abode at the
French court, he received orders, at his return from thence, to
repair to the castle of Guisnes, to view what buildings and fortifi-
cations were already begun, and of what importance, or whether
they needed alteration, or might be better devised ; and to give
his orders to surveyors to perfect the same. Which instructions
were sent to his Lordship, on information of some defects in the
town and castle, and it was thought proper to take the judgment
of this great and expert commander, in viewing the strength and
weakness of that place, and to give his orders for the security
thereof. He returned from his embassy, and other charges com-
mitted to him, December 30th, having in less than two months,
brought to a successful conclusion the whole he had in charge.
He delivered to the King and council d the ratifications of the
marriage between the King's Majesty and the Princess Elizabeth,
the French King's daughter, under the great seal of France, which
King Edward ordered to be reposed in the treasury of the Ex-
chequer, to remain there of record in safe keeping. And for his
services in his negotiations, was, on his return home, gratified by
his royal master withe two good lordships, Kingston in Somerset-
shire, and Chisselborn in Dorsetshire, with theadvowsons thereof ;
parcel of the possessions of Sir Thomas Arundel, which came to
the King by his attainder j to hold to him and his heirs. In 1552,
the chief lords of the court having, at their own expence, raised a
considerable body of men, well armed and horsed, ready for ser-
vice on any emergent occasion, the King on May ]6th, reviewed
them in Greenwich park, where they appeared in troops, a
trumpet blowing before them. f They, had each their standards,
with pensils; their coats in embroidery of their lords colours,
their spears of the like colour, and their footmen attending, s The
Lord Clinton had fifty in his troop; his guidon, the cross of St.
George, black, with an anchor of silver (as lord admiral) their
coats black, embroidered with white 5 whereby it is probable his

c Strype ut antea, p 287. ,, Ibid- p 288.

e Ibid. p. 232, and 311. r Ibid. p. 338,339

8 Stow's Annals, p 608, and Strype, ibid.

202 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Lordship was then in mourning; as the other troops were in
colours. In the same month and year, he h was constituted sole
lord lieutenant of the county of Lincoln. He was also in com-
mission with others to take an' account of all such lead, bell-
metal, plate, jewels, ornaments, stock, and store goods, due to the
King's Majesty, by virtue of divers commissions and visitations,
by the dissolution of monasteries, priories, colleges, chantries, &c.
and by attainder of several persons; also for forfeits of jewels,
silver, bullion,, plate, and gold.

And in May following k had the King's orders for discharg-
ing of the fortifications and bulwarks of Sandshot in Dorsetshire,
Higham, and those of Gravesend, and Milton in Kent, East and
West Tilbury, in Essex ; and to remove the powder and ammu-
nition therein to the Tower, for the better guard thereof. Also
in June following, l had the King's sign manual to take charge
of the Tower, and enter on the government of it ; with
orders to Sir James Croft, deputy constable of the Tower, to
assist in whatever his Lordship declared to him, and to observe
such directions as he should appoint: but on June 30th, m the
King having removed Sir James from his charge of the Tower,
the Lord Clinton by the King's order had the sole rule and govern-
ment thereof. Six days before the death of his royal master, he
signed with" others of the council at Greenwich, July 1st, 1553,
a letter to the ambassadors of England with the Emperor, order-
ing them to assure his Imperial Majesty of the King's most hearty
affection to him, and of his affairs, and of his care of the good
estate of Christendom,'&c.

On the rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyat in 1554, he ° accom-
panied the Duke of Norfolk $ p and afterwards the Earl of
Pembroke, who were sent to suppress* them. And thereupon
growing into favour with Queen Mary, she wrote to his Lord-
ship, to be 1 ready to repair unto her, on the arrival of Philip,
Prince of Spain, having heard that he was to embark at the
Groyne, July 17th; and he arrived at Southampton three days
after. On Monday July 23d, r Philip setting out for Winchester,
was royally attended with many of the nobility, s and among
them the Lord Clinton, who was present at his marriage two days
after.

i Strype, p. 458, 459. i Ibid, p 490.

k Ibid. p. 4^4. ■ Ibid. ™ Ibid. p. 415.

" Ibid. p. 417,418 o Strype, vol. iii. p. 87.

p Hollinshed's Chron. p- 1098. 1 Strype, p. 159.

» Stow p. 633. 6 Speed's Chronicle, p. 850.

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 203

On October 17th, 1554, he 9 was commissioned, bearing the
title of Edward Lord Clinton and Say, Knight, and Companion of
the Order of the Garter, with Sir Gilbert Dethick, garter king of
arms, to go to Emanuel Duke of Savoy, and invest him with the
Order of the Garter. On which Mr. Ashmole has observed, that, x
on such legations, it was customary for the credential letters to
pass under the signet of the order, but that those sent to the
Duke of Savoy were subscribed both by King Philip and Queen
Mary.

On the war with France in 1557, his Lordship went over to
the siege of St. Quintin's j and, as Hollinshed writes, l was
colonel general of the foot; but in a manuscript in the Harleian
Library,11 reciting the commanders of the forces in the journey to
St. Quintin's he is said to be lieutenant general of the army under
the Earl of Pembroke.

On his return from that expedition, in the parliament held at
Westminster, January 20th, there being a dispute between him
and the Lord Stafford for precedence, it was upon search x found
that his ancestors the Lords Clinton, by long continuance and
great antiquity, had place next above the Lord Audley, and it
was adjudged that he had pre-eminence of the Lord v Stafford.
And on February J 3th following, he was2 again constituted lord
high' admiral of England, Ireland, Wales, &c. and the war conti-
nuing with France, his Lordship, on April 12th, 1558, was a con-
stituted lieutenant general and chief commander of the fleet and
forces going against France and Scotland ; the preamble of the
patent reciting, that the King and Queen fully confided in the
loyalty, foresight, valour, experience, care, industry, integrity,
and great diligence of their most beloved councellor, Edward
Fines, Knight of the Gaiter, Lord Clinton and Say, great admiral
of England, Ireland, and Wales, and of the dominions and isles
thereof; of the town of Calais, and marches thereof, Normandy,
Gascony, and Aquitain, and chief commander of the fleets, and
seas of the said kingdoms of England, Ireland, &c.

• Ashmole's Order of the Garter, p .390, 391, 393, and Appendix, N52.

t Chronicle, p. 1133. u Not. 160 B. 1.

x Journal of Pari, de eod. Ann.

y But see on this subject the case of the Barony of Stafford, in Gent.

Mag. vol. lxvii. part 2. The fact seems to be that both he and Lord Stafford

were placed according to their proper precedence, he having before by some

mistake taken his place as Lord Say, a title of later creation.

z Pat 4 and 5 Ph. and Mar. p. 1. a Ibid. m. 38 in dors. v

204 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

It was then proposed to assault and take the haven and town
of Brest in Brittany from the French, and the Lord Clinton,
by the said patent, was constituted chief commander of the forces,
as well as the fleet, on that expedition. His Lordship b set sail
July 29th, with seven score ships of war, but finding0 Brest too
strongly fortified to make any attempt on it, he came by break of
day before the haven of Conquet, which, with great courage, he
assaulted; and having taken the town, plundered and burnt it,
together with the adjacent villages 5 after which he returned to
his ships.

Queen Elizabeth, as soon as she ascended the throne, con-
stituted him one of her privy council, and he was continued in
his post of lord high admiral. In 6 Eliz. d when the Queen
visited the university of Cambridge, where she staid five days, and
was entertained with comedies,- tragedies, and orations, he attend-
ed on her Majesty, and the degree of master of arts, then first
taken, was conferred on his Lordship, and others of the highest
rank. In the 11th of Eliz. e he was appointed, with other Lords,
to hear and examine such matters as should be brought against
the Queen of Scots, by the Earl of Murray, regent of Scotland.
Jn 1659, f upon that rebellion of the Earls of Northumberland
and Westmorland, he being joined by the Earl of Warwick,
marched against them, which being apprized of, the two Earls
fled into Scotland. For these services, on May 4th, 1572,8 he
was advanced to the title of Earl of Lincoln. On January
16th, he was one of those peers appointed on the trial of Thomas,
Duke of Norfolk. The next year h he was sent into France, at-
tended by a great train of noblemen, to receive a ratification of
the treaty of Blois from Charles IX. the French King. In 24 *
Eliz. he was appointed, amongst others, a commissioner to treat
of the marriage then proposed between the Queen and the Duke
of Anjou. In 1584, k Francis Earl of Bedford, by his will, dated
April 7th, among other his special friends, bequeaths " to his
very good Lord, the Earl of Lincoln, high admiral of England, a
George set with diamonds, which the Earl of Leicester gave him."

b Hollinsh. Chronicle, p. 1150,1151-
Bp Godwin's Annals of Q Mary in Hist of Engl- vol. ii- p. 357.

d Fuller's Hist, of the University of Cambridge, p- 139.

« Camden in Hist ofEng vol.ii. p 369. f Ibid, p 414.

e Ibid. p. 422. h Pat 14 Eliz p. 9. M. 40.

1 Camden, p 483. k Ex Regist. Windsor, qu- 45.

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 205

This Earl of Lincoln's last will and testament bears date two years
before his decease, viz. July 11th, 1584.

The probate bears date May 19th, 1585, and administration
was granted to the Lady Elizabeth Countess of Lincoln his relict
and executrix.

He died1 on January 16th, 1584-5, aged seventy-two years j
and Hollinshed gives the following account of his Lordship. " In
the n month of January deceased Edward Lord Clinton, Earl of
Lincoln, lord admiral of England, Knight of the Garter, and one
of her Majesty's most honourable privy-council ; a man of great
years and service, as well by sea as land, who was buried at
Windsor, leaving many children honourably married. Of this
nobleman (whilst living) one to whom the honourable lords of
the court were not obscurely known (writing of the Queen's Ma-
jesty, and comprising in an orderly discourse, their high places of
service to the crown) speaketh very commendably and deservedly
of this deceased Earl, who had been then lord great admiral of
England thirty years, and of council unto three Princes ; always
of unspotted report, specially for allegiance j and therefore as
singularly beloved in his life; so accordingly bemoaned at his
death."

His Lordship was buried in the east end of the south isle in
the chapel of St. George in Windsor, and a sumptuous monument
is erected to his memory, of alabaster, with pillars of porphyry.
He lies in armour, with his Lady by him, in full proportion, their
heads on a pillow, and their hands uplifted as praying ; on one
side three sons, in armour, kneeling, and on the other rive
daughters in the same attitude.

On the basis, round the sides, is this inscription.

Nobilissimo Domino Edward Finio,

LincolnijE Comiti, Clintoni^e et Saite Baroni, inclyti
Ordinis Periscelidis Militi, et summo Anglice Admirallo, cum,
post praeclaram operam, quatuor, continua serie, illustrissimis
principibus, Henrico, Edwardo, Marice, et Llizalethce, tarn con-
silio, quam armis, et domi, et foris, terra marique fideliter nava-
tam, placide fato functus esset ; Charissimo Marito, amantissima
conjux Elizabetha, Comitis Kildariensis filia, piae perpetuaeque
memoriae ergo moerens posuit: Obit 16 die Januarii, 1584.

1 MS. in Offic. Armor, not F. F. p. 15. ™ Chronicle, p. 1378, 1379.

206 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

The said Elizabeth, daughter of Gerald Fitzgerald, the ninth
Earl of Kildare, mentioned in the above inscription, and celebrated
by Henry Earl of Surry, n by the name of the fair Geraldine, was
the third wife, but by her, who was before married to Sir
Anthony Browne, Knight, he had no issue. He first married
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Blount, and widow of Gilbert
Lord Talboys, by whom he had three daughters ; Bridget, married
to Robert Dymock, of Scrivelby in com. Line. Esq. j Catharine
to William Lord Borough, and Margaret to Charles Lord Wil-
loughby of Par ham. By Ursula, his second wife, daughter of
William Lord Stourton, he had issue three sons, and two daughters,
Henry, his successor, Edward, who died unmarried, and Thomas,
who wedded Mary, daughter of John Tirrel of Warley, in Essex,
Esq. The two daughters were Anne, the wife of William
Ascough, son and heir to Sir Francis Ascough, of Kelsey, in com.
Line. Knight, and Frances, married to Gyles Bruges, third
Lord Chandos. Which

Henry, second Earl of Lincoln, was one of the fifteen
Knights of the Bath, made September 29th, 1553.° On May
26th, in 14 Eliz. he P accompanied his father the Earl of Lincoln,
in his embassy to the French court ; and taking shipping at Dover,
crossed over to Boulogne, where they were honourably received,
and from thence conveyed to Paris, and were lodged in a house of
the King's called Le Chateau de Louze, being attended on by the
King's officers. Five days after they went to the King at a house
called Madril ; and after the dispatch of their business, returned
to Boulogne, where they embarked, and returned into England.
In 29 Eliz. he 1 was one of the peers in commission for the trial
of Mary Queen of Scots ; and was also commissioned for the trial
of secretary Davison j r " for that in contempt of her Majesty,
contrary to what the Queen had commanded him, he had ac-
quainted the council with the warrant for the execution of the
Queen of . Scots, and put. the warrant in execution without her
knowing any thing at all of it." In 1589, ne was s one of the
peers on the trial of Philip Howard Earl of Arundel. Lodge has
preserved a curious letter of his pecuniary embarrassment. Sir An-
thony Bacon, in a letter published by Dr. Birch relating to his

n See Park's R and N A and the Holbein Heads-

• Strype's Mem. vol. iii. p. 35. v Stow's Annals, p. 672.

1 Camden in Hist, of England, p 519. r Ibid. p. 536.'

« Ibid p 551.

m

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 207

embassy to the Landgrave of Hesse, in 15g6, arraigns his conduct
to that court in most bitter terms. Gervase Holies records him
as a great tyrant among the gentry of Lincolnshire, whom Denzil
Ifolles (who died 15QO) used to confront on the bench, and
carry business against him in spite of his teeth." Lodge mentions
his outrages against Roger Fullshaw, of Waddingworth, and ob-
serves, that his behaviour appears to have been strongly tinctured
with insanity.1 In l601,heu was one of the commanders of the
forces that besieged the Earl of Essex in his house, and obliged
him to surrender ; atid was afterwards on his trial, February 10th,
in Westminster Hall. On the decease of Queen Elizabeth, x he
was one of the privy-council that signed the letter at the palace
of Whitehall on March 28th, 16Q3, to the Lord Eure, and the
rest of the commissioners for the treaty of Breame, directing them
how to proceed. His Lordship died y on September 2c)th, l6\6,
having married first, Catharine, daughter to Francis Hastings,
Earl of Huntingdon, and secondly, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir
Richard Morrison of Cashiosbury in Hertfordshire, Knight, and
widow of William, son and heir of Henry, first Lord Norreys of
Rycote. By the first Lady he had Thomas his successor ;

And Sir Edward Clinton, who by his wife Mary, daughter of
Thomas Dighton, of Stourton in Lincolnshire, Esq. had three
sons, first, Charles, who died young; second, Robert, who left no
issue by his wife . . . . , daughter of . . . . , and widow of Sir
William Cowper j and third, Francis, of whom hereafter, as pro-
genitor to the present Duke of- Newcastle. Sir Edward had also
a daughter, Catherine, the wife of Thomas Saville, of Newton
in Lincolnshire, Esq.

His Lordship, by the said Elizabeth, his second Countess, who
died on Whitmonday, A. D. l6ll, had two sons, Sir Henry,2
and Robert, and a daughter, Elizabeth, wedded to Sir Arthur
Gorges, Knight. Robert Clinton, the second son, died by a fall
from his horse, childless. But Sir Henry, a the eldest, who was

t See Lodge's Illustr. vol. iii p, 107, and Memoirs of James's Teera,
?ol i. p 43, 45-

u Camden in Hist, of England, p. 634.

x Rymer's Fad. vol. xvi. p. 492* 493

y Cole's Esch. lib. i. p»4s8, z Cole piaed.

* See a Memoir of him in Gentleman's Magazine for 1772, p. 161, et

seq. And Annual Reg. for 177s. Characters, p t, See it also in Memoirs

©f James's Peers, p. 46.

208 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

of Kirksted of Lincolnshire, and generally called Fynes, was twice
married, viz. first, in December, l(x.6, to Eleanor, daughter to
Sir James Harrington, and secondly, to Elizabeth, daughter of
Henry Hickman, LL. D. brother to Walter, ancestor to the Earl
of Plymouth, and had issue by both. By the first (who died in
childbed; Sir Henry was father of three sons, viz. first, Henry-
Clinton, (who left no male issue by his wife, Jane, daughter of
Abraham Markham, Esq. ; but had issue three daughters, first,
Catharine, wife of Daniel Disney, b of Lincoln, Esq. ; second,
Elizabeth, wife of the Hon. George Willoughby, of Knaith,
com. Lincoln, afterwards Lord Willoughby, of Parham ; and third,
Dorcas, wife of Prince, Esq.)

Second, Harrington, second son of Sir Henry.

And third, Norreys, who by his third wife c Margaret, who
died June 19th, 1707, aged seventy-two, and is buried at Wing, in
com. Bucks, d had issue six sons, viz. Norreys, Henry, Charles,
Edward, Henry, and James, who all died before their mother, ex-
cept Norreys and Charles; also five daughters, viz. Bridget,
Sarah, Bridget, Catherine, and Henrietta Maria, who all died un-
married. And likewise of a daughter, Elizabeth, wedded to Sir
Michael Lucy, Knight.

By his said second wife Elizabeth Hickman, he had two sons,
Arthur and William, who departed this life without progeny :
also six daughters, viz. Penelope, Bridget, Mary, Elizabeth, Ann
and Ellen ; whereof only Penelope lived to the age of maturity,
and was married to Hudson, Esq.

Thomas, son and heir to the last Earl Henry, was third Earl
of Lincoln, and forty-five years of age when his father died ; and
heir to the following possessions e in Lincolnshire, viz. the manors
of Aslackby and Temple Aslackby j the castle and manor of
Tattershall ; the house and scite of the monastery of Sempring-
ham, and manor of Sempringham, and advowson of the church ;
the manor of Billingborough, and rectory of the church, and ad-
vowson of the vicarage , the manors of East and West Cbughton j
the honour, castle, and manor of Folkingham, and manor of
Thirkingham, and advowson of the churches ; the manors of
Tattershall, Thorp, and Kirby Bayne 5 the manors of Roughton,

b Mother of the learned and Rev- John Disney. See Biog. Brit. vol. v.
p. 252.

c Le Neve's Mon. Ang. vol. iii p. 78. and vol v p 201, 218.
d Appendix to Memohs of James's Peers. e Cole Pried-

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 209

Marton juxta Thornton, Conisbye, Billingay, Walcot juxta Bii-
lingay, Burthorp, and Kirksted, alias Cristed j and the college and
scite of the manor of Tatlershall.

In his father's life time, he served f in parliament in the reign
of Queen Elizabeth for St. Ives in Cornwall, and for Grimsby in
Lincolnshire. In the first of James I. s having been elected one
of the knights of the shire for the county of Lincoln, he was one
of the commissioners appointed, by act of parliament, to treat
with certain select commissioners, nominated by the parliament
of Scotland, for an union between both kingdoms j and February
1 8th, 1609-K), had summons to parliament as Baron Clinton, and
Say. His Lordship married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir to
Sir Henry Knevitt, of Charlton, in com. Wilts, Knight, by whom
he had issue eight sons, Henry,11 and Thomas, who both died
young; Theophilus, his successor; Edward, Sir Charles, Knevitt,
sixth son, Robert, seventh son, died without issue, John, eighth
son, who died unmarried ; with nine daughters, Catharine, Lucy,
Anne, and Dorcas, who died young ; Elizabeth, who was married
to John Berisford of Ledenham, in com. Line, and died ' July
'26th, 1624 ; Frances, to John Gorges, Esq.. son and heir to Sir

Ferdinando Gorges, Knight, Susan, to Humphreys, of the

county of Kent, Esq.; Ambejla^ho was wedded JoIsaacJoiinson ; du ftrf$ /p
and Sarah. And departing this life at his castle ofTattershall, in
com. Line. January 15th, k anno I6I8-I9, lieth 'buried in the
chancel of that parish church ; leaving his Lady surviving.

Which Elizabeth, Countess of Lincoln, was a Lady of great
piety and virtue : she wrote a tract on " The Duty of Nursing,
due by Mothers to their own Children ;" and dedicated it to the
Right Honourable and approved virtuous Lady, Bridget, Countess
of Lincoln, her son's wife, (as she says) " because it hath pleased
God to bless me with many children, and to cause me to observe
many things falling out to mothers, and to their children." l

Theophilus, his eldest surviving son, fourth Earl of Lincoln,
was nineteen m years of age at his father's decease. He was
made Knight of the Bath at the creation of Prince Charles, No-
vember 4th, 1616. In 22 Jac. I. n on raising those forces under

' Willis's Not. Pari, p 80, 150. c Willis, 161.

h MS. I. 8. p. 4. in Offic. Arm.

i Le Neve's Mori. Aug. vol i. p. 93. k Cole's Esc. lib.i. p. 459.

1 See Park's R. and N A. vol. ii. p. 27a. m Cole praed.

n Wilson's Life of James I. in Hist, of Eng. vol. ii. p. 789.

VOL. II. P

210 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Count Mansfield, for the service of the Elector Palatine, which
consisted of 12,000 men, and were formed into six regiments, he
was colonel of one of them, also of one of the two troops of
horse raised for that service. In the beginning of February, tak-
ing shipping in Kent, being above 100 sail, they put over to
Calais for forces promised by the French, but notwithstanding the
intimate correspondence between both kingdoms, by the treaty of
marriage agreed on, such delays were used by that court, as
Mansfield was obliged to depart without them, and sail with his
army to Zealand, where he lay at the Ramekins a long time ; the
soldiers not being permitted to land by the States, who would not
furnish them with provisions. Afterwards they sailed to Guer-
tenberg in Brabant, where they met with the same treatment 5
and famine, and close confinement on shipboard brought the
pestilence amongst them, that many hundreds died, and beaten on
the shores, had their bowels eaten out by hogs and swine, to the
horror of the beholders ; whereby of the 12,000 men, scarce the
half came with their general into Germany.

Of this Earl of Lincoln, I find, October 5th, 1646, ° the par-
liament ordered 1700/. out of delinquents estates in Lincolnshire
to be paid him j which sum he had disbursed in their service ; but
in 1647, p opposing the power of the army, and endeavouring to
bring on a treaty with the King, an impeachment of high treason
was carried up by the commons (then under power of the army)
September 8th, praying that he might be sequestered from the
house, and committed ; and promising to bring in a particular
charge against him and other lords, then likewise impeached.
However, he was afterwards discharged from it; and June 20th,
1649,^ petitioned for damages in demolishing Tattershall castle,
belonging to him. He lived r to see the restoration of the royal
family; and at the coronation of Charles II. performed the office
of carver.

He married, first, Bridget, daughter to William Fienes, Vis-
count Say and Sele, by whom he had two sons, s Edward ; George,
who died young, and seven daughters; Catharine, married to
George Lord Delamere ; Bridget, and Lucy, who both died un-
married ; Arabella, wife of Robert Rolle of Hainton Satchville,
in com. Devon. Esq. whence descended the late Baroness Clinton

o Whitlock, p. 2*8. P Ibid. p. 271.

\ Ibid. p. 394, 395. r Baker's Chron- 7th Edit. p. 738. 739.

« Dugd. Addit, to his Baronage.

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 2\\

and the present Lord Clinton; Margaret, wedded to Hugh Bos-
cawen of Tregothnan, in com. Cornub. Esq. whence descended
Fortescue Lord Clinton ; Mary, who died young ; and Judith:
which Edward, their brother, dying in his fathers life-time, left
issue by Anne his wife, daughter to John Holies, Earl of Clare,

(who1 was after his decease married to Bates, Esq. and

died 1707) a son, Edward, who on the death of his grandfather in
1667, succeeded him in his honour and estate. This Earl Theo-
philus's secord wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Arthur Gorges,
of Chelsea, com. Mid. Knight, and widow of Sir Robert Stanley ;
she died May 2d, 1675, without issue by this Earl.

Edward, Jifth Ear I of Lincoln, was made Knight of the Bath
at the coronation of King Charles II. and married Jane, daughter
to Peter de Guliere, Lord of Verune in France, u who died with-
out issue by him, August 25th, 1688, and was buried from Ferne-
field, in the parish of Egham in Surry, on September 1st, follow-
ing, in Westminster Abbey. His Lordship departed this life in
November 1692.

I shall now treat of Francis Clinton, third son of Sir Edward
Clinton, second son of Henry, second Earl of Lincoln, by his first
Countess.

The said Francis Clinton was seated at Stourton Parva, in
com. Line, and by his wife Priscilla, daughter to John Hill, Esq.
had Francis Clinton his son and heir, and Thomas ; also a daughter,
Priscilla, married to Sir Willoughby D'Ewes, of Stow Langtoft,
in the county of Suffolk, Bart.

The said Francis, eldest son, was, in his father's life-time,
knighted, and succeeded him in his estate at Stourton. He
became the sixth Earl of Lincoln, upon the death of Earl
Edward in 1692, and died the next] year, aged fifty-eight. He
married first Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Killigrew, Knight,
by whom he had a son Francis, who died an infant. But, by his
second wife Susan (who was daughter to Anthony Penniston,
Esq. a younger son of Sir Thomas Penniston of Oxfordshire, and
died September 23d, 1720) he -had two sons, Henry his heir,
George, second son, and a daughter, Lady Susannah, married to
the Honourable Robert Booth, of the county of Lincoln, Esq. fa-
ther of Penniston Booth, D.D. Dean of Windsor, 1738, and died
in July, 1754.

The Honourable George Clinton, second son, taking to the
sea service, was appointed captain in the royal navy, June 16th,.

t Le Neve's Mon. Ang. « Ex Collect, King, MS. penes rrreips.

212 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

1716. In 1732, he was governor of Newfoundland, and com-
modore of a squadron of his Majesty's ships there. In 1/37, he
was commodore and commander in chief of all his Majesty's men
of war in the Mediterranean. On July 4th, 1741, he was ap-
pointed captain general, and governor in chief of New York j and
on December 10th, 1/43, rear admiral of the Red squadron of his
Majesty's fleet. Also, April 23d, 1745, vice admiral of the Red ;
and admiral of the Blue, July 15th, 1/4/, and admiral of the
White, December 9th, 176O5 he died x senior admiral of the
White, in the /5th year of his age, on July 10th, 1761. In the
parliament, which met May 3 1st, 1754, he was chosen a member
for the borough of Saltash. He married Anne, daughter and heir
of the Honourable Peter Carle, major general in our service, and
general and engineer in Portugal, she departed this life August
5th, 1767* by whom he had three sons and three daughters, of
whom two of each sex died in their infancy : Mary, the surviving
daughter, married Robert Roddam, then captain, afterwards ad-
miral in the navy; she died at New York in America, December
pth, 1750, aged twenty-two, and was buried in the New Church
there 3 Henry, the remaining son, was a Knight of the most
honourable order of the Bath, commander in chief of his Majesty's
land forces in America, lieutenant general of his Majesty's forces,
colonel of the 12th regiment of foot, governor of Limerick in
Ireland, groom of the bed-chamber to his Royal Highness the
Duke of Gloucester, and member of parliament for Newark in
Nottinghamshire. In Feb. 1 767, he married Harriot, daughter
and coheir of Thomas Carter, Esq. She was born March 25th,
O. S. and died August 29th, 1772, and was buried at Bamber.y
They had issue Augusta, born July 21st, 17685 William, born
December 23d, 1769, lieutenant colonel in the first foot guards,
a major general in the army, married, March 14th, 1797, Hon.
Louisa Dorothea Holroyd, youngest daughter of Lord Sheffield, by
whom he has issue Louisa Lucy ; Maria Augusta j and a son,
born March 1802: Henry, born March 9th, 1771, lieutenant
colonel in the first foot guards, married, December 30th, 1799,
• Miss Charteris, daughter of the late lord Elcho j Louisa, married
the second son of Henry Dawkins, Esq. ; and Harriot, born Au-
gust 2 1st, 1772, married, 1799, lieutenant colonel Chester. Sir
Henry died Dec. 13, 1795.

Henry, seventh Earl of Lincoln, who in 1 693, succeeded

x Coffin plate. y Ex Ped penes Due Newcastle, 1786

■

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 213

his father, took his seat in the house of Peers z March 25th, 1/08.
He was one of the gentlemen of the bed-chamber to Prince George
of Denmark, in which post he attended at his funeral November
13th, 17O8 ; but during the last four years of Queen Anne's
reign, he opposed the measures of the court, and the peace made
at Utrecht, refusing both place and pension offered him; where-
upon Arthur Herbert, Earl of Torrington, on his decease, valuing
his stedfastness and integrity, left him the bulk of his estate.

At the coronation of George I. his Lordship carried the pointed
sword. On September 21st, a 1714, he was master of the horse
to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, our late Sovereign ;
and, October l6th b following, appointed one of the lords of the
bedchamber to his Majesty. On October 13th, c 1715, he was
constituted paymaster general of his Majesty's forces ; and after-
wards sworn of his most honourable privy-council. On March
27th, 1721, d he was elected a Knight companion of the most
noble order of the Garter, and installed on April 25th * following.

On January 19th, 1722-3, he took the oaths in council at St.
James's, as lord lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets, and constable
of the Tower of London. In 1725, his Lordship, resigning his
post of constable of the Tower of London, was, on June Preap-
pointed cofferer of his Majesty's household.

At the coronation of our late Sovereign, his Lordship carried
the pointed sword ; and March 23d, 1/28, was'appointed Lord
Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Cambridge :
he was also one of the gentlemen of his Majesty's bed-chamber,
and one of his privy-council.

His Lordship married, May l6th, 17 J 7, Lucy, daughter of
Thomas Lord Pelham, and sister to Thomas Duke of Newcastle,
by whom he had issue three sons; George bis successor, Henry,
Duke of Newcastle, and Thomas, who was born November 8th,
1723, died on March 18th, 1 726-7, and was buried at St. James's,
Westminster: also five daughters; Lady Lucy, who was born
May 17th, 1721, died unmarried, October Uth, 1/63, and was
interred at Bamber in Lincolnshire ; Lady Margaret, who was
born in December 1722, died in October, 1723, and was buried
at Weybridge; Lady Anne, who was born November 1 1th, 1724,

1 Journal Dom. Procer. * Pointer's Chron. Hist. p. 776.

b Ibid. p. 785. c Ibid. p. 864.

d Anstis's Reg. vol. ii. p. 27$.

e Pole's Hist, and Antiq. of Windsor, p. 307.

214 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

and died young ; Lady Grace, born August l6th, 1/20, who also
died in her infancy, and was buried at Weybridge $ as did Lady
Caroline, who was born January 20th, 1727, to whom her late
Majesty was godmother.

His Lordship departed this life in the 44th year of his age, on
September 7th, 1728, leaving his Countess surviving, who died at
Weybridge July 20th, 1736.

His eldest son George, eighth Earl of Lincoln, who was
born on January l6th, 17*8, and to whom King George I. was
godfather, succeeded his father; and dying on April 30th, 1730,
in the 13th year of his age, was succeeded by Henry his brother,
the first Duke of Newcastle.

Which Henry, ninth Earl of Lincoln, and first Duke
of Newcastle of his family, and the twenty first in paternal
descent from Renebald de Clinton, was born April 20th, 1720;
on February 6th, 1742, appointed gentleman of his Majesty's bed-
chamber j and July 24th following, Lord Lieutenant and Custos
Rotulorum of the county of Cambridge, and took the oaths there-
upon on the 29th of the same month. On December 25th, 1746,
his Grace was appointed cofferer of his Majesty's household 5 and
on April 1st, 1751, was constituted auditor of the receipt of his
Majesty's Exchequer. On March 13th, 1752, he was elected a
Knight companion of the most noble order of the Garter, at a
chapter held at St. James's; and chosen high steward of West-
minster, January 1759. His Grace was also vested with the
offices of comptroller of the customs in the port of London,
master of Geddington Chase in Northamptonshire, and president
of the Westminster infirmary. He was a lord of the bed-chamber
to the late King, and for some time in the same station to the
present > at whose coronation he carried the sword called Curtana :
soon after which he resigned all his places dependant on the
crown, except those of auditor and comptroller, which are for life.
His Grace Thomas Pelham, Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, being
by patent, dated November 13th, 1756, created Duke of New-
castle under Lyne, with remainder, on default of his issue male,
to Henry Earl of Lincoln, and his heirs male by Catharine his
then wife, was, at his death on November 17th, 1768, suc-
ceeded in the said title of Duke of Newcastle under Lyne in com.
Stafford, by the said Henry Earl of Lincoln, who likewise ob-
tained his Majesty's licence to take and use the name of Pelham ;
and on December 16th following, his Grace was sworn of his Ma-
jesty's privy-council, and took his place at that honourable board

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 215

accordingly ; he was also on the same day appointed Lord Lieu-
tenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Nottingham, and
of the town of Nottingham, and county of the same town ; also
steward, keeper, and guardian of his Majesty's forest of Sherwood,
and park of Folewood, in the county of Nottingham. His Grace
was also Fellow of the Royal Society ; Doctor of Laws, being so
admitted when the Duke of Newcastle was installed Chancellor
of the University of Cambridge, in July 1/49; mgh steward of
Westminster, and president of the Westminster hospital.

His Grace married, October l6th, 1/44, Catherine, eldest sur-
viving daughter and coheir of the Right Honourable Henry Pel-
ham, Esq. brother to the above mentioned Thomas Duke of New-
castle ; and by her (who died July 27th, 1760, and was buried at
Bamber in Lincolnshire) he had issue, first, George, Lord Clinton,
who was born on November 26th, 1/45, and died at Greenwich
on August 19th, 1/.02 ; f second, the Honourable Henry Fienes
Pelham Clinton, commonly called Earl of Lincoln, born No-
vember 5th, 1750, one of the representatives elected in 1774
for the county of Nottingham. His Lordship died in France,
October 18th, 177^ and was buried in Westminster Abbey;
having on May 21st, 1775, married Lady Frances Seymour
Conway, daughter of Francis Earl of Hertford, by whom he left
a daughter, born April 6th, and baptised on May 6th, 1776,
by the name of Catherine, married, October 2d, 1800, Viscount
Folkestone, and died May 17th, 1804 ; and a son Henry, born
December 23d, 1777,0b. September 23d, 1779* ; third, the Hon.
Thomas Pelham Clinton, born July 1st, 1752; who was, while
a younger son, a captain in the first regiment of foot guards, with
the rank of lieutenant colonel in the army; also member in 1774
for the city of Westminster, and afterwards succeeded his father,
as second Duke-, fourth, the Hon. John Pelham Clinton, born on
September 13th, 1755, elected 1774 member of parliament for
East Retford in Nottinghamshire ; and died at Lisbon Novem-
ber 10th, 1781, set. twenty-seven.

His Grace died February 22d, 1794, and was succeeded by his
aforesaid sonh.

Thomas, second Duke of Newcastle, who was a major
general in the army, and colonel of the seventeenth regiment of
light dragoons. He married Lady Anna Maria Stanhope, sister

f Buried at Bamber. * Coffin Plate.

* Ex Coffin Plate.

216 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

to the present Earl of Harrington, by whom he had, first, Henry
Pelham, present Duke-, second, Lord Thomas, lieutenant in the
first regiment of foot guards, died of a malignant fever at Gibraltar",
October 13th, 1804; third, Lady Charlotte, married colonel Sta-
pleton Cotton, of the sixteenth dragoons, and died 1807. His
Grace died May 17th, 1795, and was succeeded by his son.

Henry Pelham, third and present Duke, married July
18th, 1807, Miss Mundy, only daughter of Edward Miller
Mundy, Esq. by his last wife (widow of Lord Middleton.)

Titles. Henry Pelham Clinton, Duke of Newcastle, and
Earl of Lincoln.

Creations. Earl of Lincoln, May 4th, (1572), 14 Elizabeth,
and Duke of Newcastle under Line by patent, November 13th,
1756, Geo. II.

Arms. Argent, six Crosslets fitchy, Sable, on a chief Azure,
two Mullets, round pierced, Or.

Crest. In a ducal coronet Gules, five ostrich feathers, proper,
banded Azure.

Supporters. Two greyhounds Argent, plain collared and
lined Gules.

Motto. Loyal te na lionte.

Chief Seats. Clumber Park Lodge, in the county of Notting-
ham, formerly part of the Holies estates.

fi£JUU~>%9 •**>* *<>&>* &€^j &ir&r>i</*^! ^zfek^T)

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 217

PERCY, DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND.' ,

The truly noble family of Percy, so renowned not only in the
annals of England, but also in the history of Europe, is descended
from one of the Norman chieftains, who came over with William
the Conqueror in the year 1066, and, like other Norman families,
derived their name from their principal place of residence in
France. In Lower Normandy are three towns or villages of the
name of Percy ; b the chief of which is situate near Villedien,
in the election of St. Lo. Hence the family took the name Db
Percy, and not from one of them piercing a King of Scotland's
eye at the siege of Alnwick Castle, as some writers have igno-
rantly alleged: for although that accident is said to have hap-
pened to King Malcolm HI. in the reign of King William Rufus,
A. D. IO93, the officer that slew him (who, according to the an-
cient chronicle of Alnwick Abbey, c was named Hammond) had
no connection or affinity with the Percy family ; which had not
the least interest in Northumberland till near two hundred years
after, in the reign of King Edward II. as will appear in the fol-
fowing pages : whereas their name De Percy stands among the
most distinguished in the list of Norman chieftains, d who as-

» It is with great regret that the compiler ha? been necessitated to curtail
very materially the full and laborious article of this family, as it appeared in
the last elition of Collins ; but it was impossible to allow so much space in
the present increase:4, size of the Peerage.

b Etat Geographique de la Province de Normandie, par le Sr- de Masse-
ville, a Rouen, 1722, 2 Tom i2mo vid. p 239, &c

c Harl. MSS. No- 692, (12,) fol. 15$.
0 Harl MSS No 293, fol 31,35, Leland's Collectanea, torn i p. 206.

218 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

sisted in the conquest of England, and continually occurs in
Doomesday Book, e which is well known to have been drawn up
in the reign of King William the Conqueror.

As the old Norman nobility were very exact in preserving
and perpetuating their genealogies, and in this followed the ex-
ample of their Teutonic and Celtic ancestors, who had their Bards
and Scalds to record the exploits and descent of their chieftains,
we are not to wonder that this great family had preserved the
memory of their ancestors for two centuries back, viz. from the
conquest of Normandy to that of England, deriving their descent
from

Mainfred, a Danish chieftain, f who made irruptions into
France before the year 886, which was the sera of Rollo's expe-
dition that ended in the conquest and peopling of Normandy, in
the year Q12.

Galfred, or Geoffrey, son of Mainfred, « assisted Rollo in
that conquest, and obtained considerable possessions in this new
duchy. From him descended four generations before the con-
quest of England in 10(56. These, when surnames began to be
taken up by the French nobility from their lands and castles,
were successively named h

William de Percy, son of the first Geoffrey.

Geoffrey de Percy, son of William.

William de Percy, son of Geoffrey.

Geoffrey de Percy, son of William.

This last Geoffrey had two sons, William and Serlo, who
accompanied their Duke William, and assisted in the conquest of
England in 1066.

William de Percy, being much beloved by the Conqueror,
and one of his Barons, l obtained from that. King very large grants
in his new dominions : for it appears by the Great Survey, or
Doomesday Book, k that he held Ambledune, in Hampshire : also
thirty-two lordships in Lincolnshire, whereof Immingham, Ca-
borne, and Ludford, were part j and in Yorkshire, eighty-six, of
which Topcliff in the North Riding, and SpofFord in the West

« See a remarkable extract in the Appendix to Drake's Hist, of York,

P 35-

f Vid. Dugdale's Baronag. vol i. p. 269, et Antiqu. Stemmata apud
Sion, Sec

« Ibid. h Ibid.

» Mon. Ang. I. p. 384. k Dugdal. Baronag. I. p. 269.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, 219

Riding, became the chief seats of the family in these parts, for
many succeeding ages. Indeed, Madox, in his Baronia Anglica, l
hath shewn that William the Conqueror granted to Mons. de
Percy a barony of thirty knights fees.

William de Percy appears also to have had a great friendship
with Hugh Lupus, the first Earl of Chester, (nephew to the Con-
queror) who bestowed upon him the whole lordship of Whitby,
with the large territory adjacent, in the North Riding of York-
shire, m in which William de Percy restored, or rather founded
anew, the famous Abbey of St. Hilda, which had formerly been
destroyed by Hinguar and Hubba the Danes j and endowing it
with ample possessions, filled it with Benedictine Monks, and de-
dicated it to God, St. Peter, and St. Hilda : n of which his brother
Serlo, taking upon him the monastic profession, became one of
the first superiors, with the title of Prior;0 and their nephew
William de Percy, coming over from Normandy about the year
J O96, was, after the death of Serlo in 1102, chosen Abbot, and
presided for twenty-six years, with such reputation of sanctity,
that after his death he is believed to have been adopted into the
number of their saints, p The numerous benefactions of the first
Lords de Percy to this and other monasteries, may be seen at large
in the Monasticon Anglicanum/' and other books on that subject,
whither we beg leave to refer the reader.

Of the two brothers above mentioned, Serlo de Percy, after-
wards Prior of Whitby, is recorded to have been a most intimate
friend of the Conqueror's second son William Rufus, his familiar
and most beloved companion, when they were young soldiers
together in the household and court of that Prince's father. r And
as to the elder brother, William de Percy, we have more than one
proof in the Monasticon Anglicanum 9 of his personal attendance
on, and great interest with, his Sovereign, King William I. In
an account of the principal chieftains that accompanied the Con-
queror, which is preserved in the Harleyan Collection, * the list

1 Page 91. m Mon Ang. torn i p. 72.

n See Charlton's Hist, of Whitby, 4to. book i. and ii.
0 Ibid. p Ibid, p 63,84.

9 Tom i. and ii passim Burton's Monasticon Eboracense, folio, and
Charlton's curious Hist, of Whitby Abbey, 4to

r See Mon Ang. vol. i. p. 414. Where a cotemporary writer assures us,
that Serlo de Percy had been to King William Rufus, «' Familiaris ejus et
socius amantissimus, cum ipsi juvenes milites essent in domo, et in curia
Willielmi regis patris ejus.

» Tom i p 384, &c. l Harl. MSS- No. 293, fol. 35.

220 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

begins with the name of " Dominus Percye Magnus Constahu-
larius," but whether he then enjoyed so high a title or not, it is
certain that he and his posterity were from the conquest Barons
of this realm. In an ancient record printed in the Monasticon, u
the first Lord William de Percy is stiled ** Quidam e Baronibus
Regiis." And in an authentic account of the proceedings in a
plea before King William the Conqueror, at which the King pre-
sided, attended by all his Barons, who are severally mentioned
by name 5 among the Barons is expressly mentioned William
de Percy. x He also subscribes as a Baron to a charter of King
William Rums, printed in Mon. Ang. I. 573. Authorized by
proofs so decisive, Algernon, tenth Earl of Northumberland,
when in his father's life-time he was called up by wiit to the
house of peers, A.D. 1628, and was required to set forth his claim
of precedency, derived his Barony from the reign of King William
the First. And King Charles II. when he impowered Henry
Earl of Ogle (only son and heir of Henry Cavendish, second Duke
of Newcastle) to assume the name and arms of Percy, on his
marriage with Elizabeth, Lady Percy, only daughter and heir of
Josceline, eleventh Earl of Northumberland, by his licence, dated
June 6th, 16/9, acknowledges, under the royal signet and sign
manual, " that most ancient and right noble family of Percie," to
have been " Barons of this realme for above six hundred years,
and Earles of Northumberland for little lesse than three
hundred years last past." These are the express words of the
original, y

n Mon Ang. vol. i. p. 384.
x Inter Cartas antiquas penes Due. Northumb.
In a plea, ** Tempore Williehni Antiquioris, de pervasionibus, quas fecerat
Willielmus de Braioso in rebus Sanctae Trinitatis placitatum fuit a la Cloche
manerium Willielmi Dou; Willielmo rege tenente curiam et placitum una
don'inica die a mane usque ad vesperam, presentibus Filiis et omnibus Ba-
ioniius suis, ibi definitum et concordatum fuit, Sec Hii Barones viderunt
bunc Finem :

Filii Regis Willielmus, et Haricus (Henricus.)
Archiepiscopus Lanfrancus (and several Bishops.)
Comites; Robertus de Moriton, Alanus RufFus, Rogerius de Monte-
gomerico.

Barones, Richardus filius Gisleberti comitis, Baldewinus frater ejus,
Rogerus Bigot, - - - Willielmus Dou, Hugo de Port, - - - Eudo Dapifer,
Robertus Dispensator, ----Willielmus de Perci, Robertus de
Nolent, Sec Sec"

Ex Autographo penes Due. Northumb.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 221

This Lord William de Percy, who was distinguished among
his cotemporaries by the addition of Algernons* (whence his
posterity frequently assumed the name of Algernon) . at length
went to the Holy land, with the other Norman chieftains, under
their Duke Robert, in the first crusade in lOptf, and died at a
place near Jerusalem, called Mount Joy ; z so named in those
times by the Christian Pilgrims, who usually from that eminence
obtained the first view of the Holy City. a Here his followers in-
terred his body, with all due honours j but carefully brought
home his heart, according to the usual practice of those ages, to
be deposited in Whitby Abbey.1'

The Lord William de Percy took to wife a young lady of
Saxon descent, whom the Norman writers call Emma de Port.
This Emma (as we are told by an ancient writer c) having been
possessed of Semar near Scarborough, and of other lands, which
the Conqueror bestowed on William de Percy for his good ser-
vice j " he wedded hyr, that was very heire to them, in discharg-
ing of his conscience." The author of the History of Whitby
Abbey, d thinks upon good reason, that this Lady was daughter of
Gospatric, the great Saxon Earl of Northumberland, and that
almost all the estates inYorkshire, granted by the Conqueror to
William de Percy, had been part of that Earl's possessions, whose
daughter he married., and had interest and generosity enough to
save her father's life, when he, with other Saxon Lords, made an
effort to shake off the Norman yoke in 1069. e Emma, who ap-
pears to have survived her husband, and certainly did not accom-
pany him in hisXrusade, was herself a benefactress to Whitby
Abbey, and at her death, was there interred in the Chapter-
house, before the Abbot's seat. f

Their issue were,

First, Alan de Percy, eldest son and successor in the Barony ;

y Alsgernonsy is the same as Aux Moustaches in modern French ; in English,
" William with the Whiskers." Vid. Du Cange. Gloss, ad verb. Grant.
z Mon. Angl. torn i- p. 74.
a Mandeville's Travels, 8vo. chap. 8, p. 113.
k Little Pedigree Roll at Sion.
« Harl MSS, No- 69, (z6.) fol. 735 Antiquarian Repository, 4to. vol ii.
p 109 .

d Mr Lionel Charlton, p. 50.
e See the same Hist which contains many curious particulars deserving
notice-

' Mon. Ang. vol. i. p. 73. Burton's Mon Ebor. p. 74, 76, 77. Little
Ped. Roll. &c.

■

222 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

second, Walter de Percy j third, William de Percy. These three
were witnesses to their father's foundation charter of Whitby
Abbey ; s fourth, Richard de Percy of Dunsley, h who married
Atheliza, widow of Walter de Argentum, and had issue William
de Percy of Dunsley, who in 1133 founded the nunnery of Grene-
dale or Handale, near Whitby, i and had issue Bartholomew and
Hugh de Percy, whose posterity continued Lords of Dunsley for
many generations. The second son of Richard was Alexander
de Percy ; besides two daughters, Celestina and Christina de
Percy. k

Alan de Percy, eldest son and successor of William, sur-
named Algernon, was second Lord Percy from the conquest. He
was stiled by his contemporaries the Great Alan1: but all his
heroic achievements, by which this high distinction was obtained,
have been long since buried in oblivion, and we only know that
he confirmed and added to his father's benefactions to Whitby
Abbey : on which account his father and he are always consi-
dered as joint founders of that monastery. m His possessions were

e Mon. Ang. vol. i. p. 73.

h This Richard Percy of Dunsley has in all the earlier histories of the
Percy family been represented as the son of the second Lord William de
Percy, son of Alan; by an obvious error of the genealogists, who have mis-
taken collaterals for descendants ; but we have here given the only true ac-
count, as is proved by their own deeds, preserved in the chartulary of Whitby
Abbey, a and other undoubted records.

Besides the lineal descendants of William Lord Percy, surnamed Alger-
non, we find many persons of the name of Percy occasionally witnesses to
their charters, as Ernold de Percy, Pichot de Percy, Hugh de Percy, b &c who
were probably descended from younger branches of this family in Normandy.
Besides Gerbert, or Gilbert de Percy, who in the reign of King Henry II.
held in Dorsetshire thirty-one knights fees ; c whose posterity possessed con-
siderable property in the southern counties for many ages, and is hardly yet
extinct in Dorsetshire, Hampshire, Wiltshire, and Devonshire, but were a
distinct family from that of the Lord Percys of Yorkshire and Northum-
berland.

i Mon. Ang. vol. i. p. 72. Burton's Mon. Ebor p. 86.
k Charlton's Hist, of Whitby Abbey, p. 61, &c

1 Magni Alani, &c. Vid. Ethelred. apud decern Scriptores, 165a, fol.
col. 341.

m Charlton's Hist, of Whitby Abbey, p. 63, 67. et passim.

» Vid. Charlton's Hist, of Whitby Abbey, book ii. passim, and Mon-
Ang. vol. i p. 347. and Chartulary of the Percys at Sion, p. ult.
b Charlton's Hist. p. 61 , 81, &c.
c Lib. Nig. Scaccari, sub Tit. Dorset.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 223

very great j for in Lincolnshire alone, he had lands in thirty-six
townships. n He wedded a lady nearly allied to the Royal family ;
this was Emma, daughter of Gilbert de Gaunt, nephew to Queen
Maud, wife of King William the Conqueror, being son to her
brother Baldwin, Earl of Flanders. ° Accordingly, Alan de
Percy, together with his wife's brother, Walter de Gaunt, is wit-
ness to the charter of King Henry I. A. D. 1116, by which he
confirms the grant of the said Walter to Bardney Abbey in Lin-
colnshire. P

By Emma de Gaunt (who brought with her in dower, Hn-
nanby in Yorkshire) the Lord Alan'i had issue seven sons, whose
names all appear in the Chartulary of Whitby Abbey, either as
benefactors to that foundation, or at least as witnesses to the
grants of others of their family. r These sons were, first, William
de Percy, eldest son and heir 5 second, Walter Percy, surnamed
of Rugemond, who was himself a Baron, and his name occurs as
such in witness to a charter, which is printed in Selden's Titles of
honour. s He or some other Walter de Percy had a son named
Robert 5 ' third, Alan de Percy, surnamed Le Meschin, or The
Younger 5 fourth, Geoffrey de Percy. These two last obtained
considerable possessions in Scotland from King David j out of
which they made grants to Whitby Abbey, ■ which were con-
firmed by their younger brother; fifth, Henry de Percy ; as ap-
pears by their charters still extant -, * sixth, Robert de Percy, who
had a son named John 5 y seventh, Gosfrid de Percy, who went
into holy orders, and became Abbot of St. Mary's at York. z

■ Vid. Hearne's Edit- of Black Book of the Exchequer, vol. ii. Catalog.
Tenent in com. Lincoln. (This was Temp% Hen. I, not Hen. II. as he has er-
roneously printed it.)

0 Dugd. Bar. vol. i- p. 270. Charlton's Hist. p. 61, 87.
p Mon. Ang. vol.i. p. 143.

* Besides these legitimate children, the Lord Alan de Percy had a natural
son, highly celebrated among his contemporaries as a most valiant and ap-
proved warrior. a He was named Alan de Percy the Bastard,' and was parti-
cularly distinguished in the famous battle of the Standard, August 22d, 1138,
when he fought beneath the Scottish banners, under King David, who made
an irruption into England to support the title of the Empress Maud against
King Stephen. b

«• Charlton's Hist, of Whitby Abbey, p. 61, 81, Sec.

• Pag. a. c. 5. sect. 16. « Charlton, p 81.

o Ibid. « Ibid. y Ibid. p. 81.

* Ibid, p. 84, 86 .

* Vid. Ethelred. apud Decern Scriptores, 1652, coL34z. b Ibid.

224 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

William de Percy, eldest son and heir of Alan, was the
third Lord Percy from the conquest. He was one of those northern
Barons who stood forth -among the defenders of his country against
the Scottish invaders, in the aforementioned battle of the Standard,
fought near North Allerton in Yorkshire, in the third year of
King Stephen ; in which his bastard brother Alan appeared on
the other side. Here the English Lords gained a complete
victory. a

This William de Percy confirmed the grants of his father and
grandfather to the church of Whitby, and added thereto himself. b
He was also a benefactor to other monasteries ; and not content
therewith, he founded a monastery himself at Salley (or Sauley)
in Craven, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, for monks of the
Cistertian order, in the year 1147, as appears by his charters of
foundation in the Monasticon Anglicanum, c to which we refer
the reader for the particulars of these charitable endowments.

In the 12th of Henry II. on levying the aid for marrying the
King's daughter, he certified his Knights fees to be twenty-eight
de veteri feo'ffamento : and eight, a third and a sixth part de novo
feoffamento : d and was subscribing witness to a charter of that
King's, granted at Nottingham in 1 l6s ; which is the last mention
we have of him, as still alive. *

This third Lord William de Percy had two wives, who are
expressly mentioned by him in his own charters. The first was
Adelis, or Alice de Tunbridge, f apparently daughter of Richard
Earl of Clare, who was usually called De Tunbridge, from his
castle of that name : 8 by this lady William had issue two
daughters, Maud and Agnes, that inherited his estate. His second
wife was Sybilla de Vallines, (in Latin, De Valloniis) who sur-
vived him many years, and was living in H99. h

William made a grant of the church of Topcliff for building
York Minster, and in his charter he mentions his having had both
sons and daughters. ' The sons are named by the old genealo-

* Ethelred. ubi supra. Joh. Hagulstad, 262.
b Charlton's Hist, of Whitby Abbey, p. 87.
* « Tom. i. p. 841, 2, 4. He is also thought to be founder of Steinfield
Nunnery in Lincolnshire. Mon. Ang. vol. i. p. 506.

A Lib. Rub. Scacc. sub Tit. Ebor. Dugd. Bar. i. p. 270.

■ Charlton, p. 83, 137, 141 ■ t Mong. Ang. vol. i. p. 843.

« Vincent upon Brooke, sub Tit. " Clare."

>> From her own Deeds in the great Chartulary of the Percy Family.

(Penes Due. Northumb.) See also Mon. Ang. vol. iii. p. 250.

* Mon. Ang. vol. iii, .p, 159.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 225

gists, first, Walter j second, Alan; third, Richard; and fourth,
William ; k but they probably all died in their infancy, except
Alan, who alone is mentioned in any of the ancient records. He
was living when his father signed his charters of foundation to
Salley Abbey, to which Alan de Percy subscribed his name as son
and heir:1 but afterwards, dying without issue, in hi*' father's,
life-time ; at the death of this third Lord William, the eldest
branch of the first race of Percys from Normandy became extinct
in the male line, and their great inheritance descended to
William's two daughters, the ladies, first, Maud, and second,
Agnes. Of whom the former leaving no issue, it all ultimately-
centred in the posterity of the latter.

First, Maud de Percy, the eldest of these ladies, was second
wife of William de Plesset, Earl of Warwick, who dying without
issue in the Holy Land, A. D. 1 184, m the Lady Maud gave a fine
to the King of seven hundred mnrks, for livery of those lands of
her father, which by inheritance belonged to her; as also that
she might have an assignment of her dower, and not be com-
pelled to marry unto any but whom she should like. She was a
great benefactress to the Abbey of Salley, endowed by her father,
so as to be reputed its second founder. n For the monks pretend-
ing that the air of Craven was so moist and cloudy, that their
corn seldom ripened, she, for their relief, gave them the church
of Tadcaster, with the chapel of Haslewood, and a yearly pension
from the church of Neuthon ; as also one carucate or ploughland,
lying in Catton, the place of her nativity.0 These endowments
she made, for the souls of William Earl of Warwick, her quon-
dam spouse ; of William de Percy, her father; and of Adelis (or
Alice) de Tunbridge, her mother; of Alan de Percy her brother,
and of Agnes her sister, by the counsel and advice of various
persons, her liege men, and of all her Court, p By this expression
is sufficiently intimated the splendid and almost royal state in
which this great Countess lived among her vassals.

She died, according to Dugdale, <i in the sixth of King John,

k L. H. Tedig. Roll. Dugdale Bar. Sec. &c,

1 Mon Ang vol i. j> 842, 844.

m Dugd Warw. p. 305. Bar. i. p- 70, 71.

" Mon Ang. vol. i. p. 842. ° Ibid.

f Consilio virorum ct fidelium meorum et totius Curiae mea?.

Ibid. p. 843

1 Dugdale in his Hist. Warvv.fi:st Edit. p. 30$, who refers to Pat 6 Joh.
m. 6.

vol. 11. a

225 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

(A. D. 1204, or 5) when the King directed his precept to the
sheriff of Yorkshire, to take order with her executors the Abbot
of Fountains, and . . .*. de Percy, r (her sister's son) that they
should forthwith discharge all her debts,, that were due to the
Exchequer.

Second, Agnes de Percy, second daughter of the third Lord
William de Percy, was married to Josceline of Lovain, brother
of Queen Adelicia, second wife of King Henry I. j who, after
the death of that Prince, without issue, married, secondly, William
de Albeney, Earl of Arundel. Both Adelicia and Josceline were
issue of Godfrey Barbatus, Duke of Nether Lorrain, and Count
of Brabant and Lovain, descended lineally from the ancient Dukes
or Counts of Hainaulr, and from the second race of Kings of
France, sprung from the Emperor Charlemagne. All the ancient
writers s have delivered, that the Lady Agnes being heiress to so
great an estate, would only consent to marry Josceline, upon con-
dition that he should either adopt the name, or arms of Percy :
and that he, consulting with the Queen his sister, chose to assume
the name of Percy, which was ever after borne by his descen-
dants 5 but retained his own paternal arms, in order to perpetuate
his claim to the principality of his father, in case the elder line of
the reigning Dukes should ever become extinct. The arms borne
by the Lords Percys of the first race, had been, " Azure, five
fusils in fessOrj" and the same were engraven on the seal of
Salley Abbey, out of compliment to their founder, the third Lord
William de Percy, and were indeed borne, with some variation,
by all the younger branches of the Percy family, not sprung from
Josceline of Lovain. But he and his descendants, though they
assumed the name of Percy, gave in their escutcheon, " Or, a
lion rampant Azure y- which are generally styled by our English
heralds the old arms of Brabant, which they say1 were afterwards
changed for those now borne for that Duchy, viz. " Sable, a lion
rampant Or." However, in the great old pedigree at Sion House,
it is thus represented j " The ancient armes of Hainault this
Lord Joscelin retained, and gave his children the surname of
Percie."

r Dugdale says, Henry de Percy ; but it was more probably Richard de
Percy. See below.

• Vid. Vincent Bar. No. 20 in College Arm. Lond. Harl. MSS. 692, (26.)
Camden in Britannia ad fin. Comit- Northumbr. Litt Fed- Roll, at Sion,
&c*c

1 V d. Camden, ubi supra.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 22?

Thus ended in a female the first race of Lord Percys from
Normandy ; but their name and barony were revived and per-
petuated with additional lustre in the posterity of the Lady Agnes
de Percy, by her princely spouse, Josceline de Lovain; till at
length their noble descendants were advanced to the Earldom of
Northumberland, as will be shewn below, and made so great a
figure in the annals of this kingdom. In a note we will trace
from its source the descent of Josceline himself, who was sprung
from a long line of sovereign Princes, Kings, and Emperors.*

u House of Lovain.

The lineal ancestors of Jock line de Lovain, the ancient Dukes of
Counts a of Hainault, (for these titles seem to be given them indiscriminately)
had an original more illustrious than almost any other sovereign family in
Europe: for on the very first mention which occurs of them in history, Ra-
cinerus, or Regnier, then reigning Duke of Hainault, is thus addressed
by Rollo the Norman ; who, having taken him prisoner, wished to conclude
a treaty of alliance with him, A. D, £86 ;b " O Duke Regnier, most gallant
soldier, who art sprung from the illustrious blood of Kings, and Dukes, and
Counts,' &c.c Indeed there is strong proof that either Regnier, or his
wife, who was named Albrada, was issue of the Frincess Ermengarde,
daughter of the Emperor Lothair (grandson of Charlemagne) by Gislebert
her husband, Count of Mansuarie and Darnou, whom she wedded (by a stolen
marriage] in 846. d

The above Duke Regnier I. who was surnamed Longicollus, or Long-
recked, died in 916, having had issue by his wife Albrada, first, Gislebert,
Duke of Lorrain, who died in 939, having issue by Gerberga his wife, (who
afterwards married Louis d'Outremer, King of France) one son, Henry, who
died without issue, and one daughter, Gerberga; second, Regnier II. Count
ofMons, &c. lineal ancestor of Josceline of Lovain ; third, Lambert, whose
son Ansfrid, Count of Lovain in 990, resigned his county to his cousin Lam-
bert Rarbatus, mentioned below, and became Bishop of Utrecht, where he
died in ior.9 ; fourth, Balderic, Bishop of Liege; besides a daughter, married
to Berengarius, Count of Namure-

Regnier. II. Count of Mons, &c. was living in 930. He married a

* The titles of Duke and Count were used promiscuously in the ninth
century. Vid Mezeray Abrege Chron- sub, Ann- 875,

b ButkemTropbecs de Brabant (2d Edit.) II torn. 1724. folio, vol i- b- 2.

c *' Raginere Dux, milesque asperrime, Regumque et Ducum, atque Co-
mitum superbo satus sanguine, &c " DudoS. Quint, lib. ii. p 75. Will.
Gemmetic, lib ii c. 8, p 227 a.pud Duchesne, Hist Norman folio

d Butkem (ubi supra ) from whose most accurate History, supported by
charters, and other undoubted evidences, the following account of the ancestors
of Josceline de Lovain is extracted; as also from Mlrai Stemmata, iamo et
Deplomata Btlgica, 2 torn, fol- both of them works of great accuracy and'
credit.

323 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Before we quit this subject, it may not be improper to ob-
serve, that although the posterity of Josceline's eldest brother, God-

sister of Raol, or Rodolphe, (who was crowned King of France in 923,) and
had issue,

Regnier III. Count of Mons, &c He endeavouring to recover by
force part of the domains which Queen Gerberga, his uncle's widow, held in
dower, was by her brother Bruno, Archbishop and Archduke of Lorrain,
driven in 959 into exile, in which he died; having had issue by Adela his wife
two sons, who fled for refuge to Lothair, King of France ; viz. first, Regnier
IV. who in 985 recovered Mons and Hainault, and married Hadwige, daughter
of Hugh Capet, King of France; by whom he had issue Regnier V. who
died in 1033, leaving by his wife Maud of Lorrain, only one daughter, Ri-
childis, heiress of Hainault, Brabant, Mons, and Valenciennes ; which rich
inheritance she by marriage conveyed to the Earls of Flanders, being wife
of Earl Baldwin V- brother of King William the Conqueror's Queen, and ap-
parently mother of Gilbert de Gaunt, before mentioned, who must have
been her third son. The second son of Regnier III. was

Lambert, surnamed Barbatus, (and also Baldric) who assisted his elder
brother Regnier IV. in recovering his patrimony, and in 990 became Count
of Lovain by the cession or gift of his cousin Ansfrid, as is above mentioned.
He was also Count or Lord of Brabant, and was killed A. D. 1015, at the
battle of Florines, in which he assisted his nephew Regnier V. against
Godfrey Duke of Lorrain.

By a very remarkable fatality, as his brother married a daughter of Hugh
Capet the usurper of the crown of France, so Lambert married Gerberga,
who at the death of her brother Otho, e was only surviving issue of Charles
Duke of Lorrain, the true heir to that crown, whom Hugh Capet had set
aside, and imprisoned in 987, being the lineal male descendant of the Em-
peror Charlemagne; in whom centred all the rights of the Carlovingian
Kings of France : for, after the death of his nephew Louis Le Faineant in
987, Charles ought to have succeeded to the crown, being the only surviving
son of King Louis d'Outremer, who died in 954, by his Queen Gerberga,
widow of Gislebert, before mentioned. f Which King Louis d'Outremer,
was son of King Charles the Simple, by his Queen Egiva, daughter of
Edward the Elder, King of England, son of Alfred the Great. Charles the
Simple was son of King Louis the Stammerer, who was also Emperor,
and died in 879. He was son of the Emperor and King of France Charles
the Bald, that deceased in 878, who was son of the Emperor and King
Louis the Debon nair, that died in 840; having succeeded his father, that

e This Otto died 1004, and the Dukedom of Lower Lorraine was ob-
tained by Godfrey Count of Verdun, who died 1019, s p. whose brother
Gotheto succeeded, and died 1044, and left issue Godfrey II. who obtained
Lower Lorraine. He ob. 1070, leaving issue Godfrey Crookback, who ob.
J076, s p. and Ida, wife of Eustace Earl of Boulogne, who had issue Godfrey
•f Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine, King of Jerusalem, ob- 1 100.
' Vid Henault Ahreg£ Chionologique, Mezeray, &c

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 229

frey II. the reigning Duke, after a few generations, ended, as to
its eldest branch, in a female 5 who carried their rich domains

great Monarch of France, and first Emperor Charlemagne at his death
in 8146

Such was the royal and imperial descent of Gerberga, wife of Lambert
Barbatus, Count of Lovain, by whom he had issue, first, Kenry I. Count of
Brabant and Lovain, who died in 1038, leaving issue one son, Otho, that died
in his infancy, and three daughters; second, Lambert Baldric II. ancestor
of Josceline of Lovain ; third, Regnier, and one daughter, Mathildis, or Maud,
wife of Eustace, Count of Bologne, whose grandsons, Godfrey and Baldwin,
were successively Kings of Jerusalem.

Lambert II. surnamcd Baldric, was Count of Brabant and Lovain
after his brother Henry, and died in 1054, leaving issue two sons, viz. first,
Henry: second, Regnier.

Henry II. Count of Brabant and Lovain, died in 1068. He had issue
by his wife Adela (believed to be daughter of the Landgrave of Thuringia,)
First, Henry III. who was Count of Brabant, Lovain, &c. after his father;
but was untimely slain in a tournament in 1096, leaving only daughters;
second, Godfrey Barbatus ; third, Adelboron, Bishop of Liege, who died
in 1 1 28 ; and one daughter, Ida, wife of Baldwin, Count of Hainault, son of
Richildis, and of Baldwin IX. Earl of Flanders, before mentioned.

Godfrey, surnamed Barbatus, or A-la-Barbe, succeeded his elder
brother Henry, and was one of the greatest Princes of his time. He re-
vived the pretensions of his house to the Duchy of Lotharingia, or Lorrain,
as lineally descended from Duke Charles, son of King Louis d'Outremer:
and is said to have acquired the surname of Barbatus, from his having
made a vow never to cut his beard till he had obtained possession of that
patrimony : and he so far succeeded in his views, that he was by the Em-
peror Henry V. in 1106, constituted Duke of Lower Lorrain and Marquis
of Antwerp. He died on the 15th of January, 1139, having had two wives^
His first was Ida, daughter of Albeit, Count of Namur, h who dying early,
he married, in or before the year 1117, to his second wife, Clementia daughter
of William," Duke of Burgundy, widow of Robert of Jerusalem, Earl of
Flanders, and sister of Pope Calixtus .II. She died in n 31. By his first
Duchess Ida, Godfrey Barbatus had issue, first, Godfrey II. Duke of Lor-
rain, &c who succeeded his father in all his honours, and whose grandson
Henry was the first who had the formal title of Duke of Brabant, notwith-
standing this is misrepresented by ignorant writers ; second, Count Henry,
who became a monk in the Abbey of Affligem ; third, Claricia, a nun; fourth,
A delis or Adelicia, Queen of England, second wife of King Henry I. who
being very young, and one of the greatest beauties of her time, ' was married

e Henault, Mazeray, &c.

h Not Sophia, sister or daughter of the Emperor Henry V. as it is in some
historians. This is proved from evidences, by Butkens in Trophees de Bra-
bant, torn i- p. 106.

i So Mat. Westmonast. Mat. Paris. Continuat ad Florent Wigom
sub ann- 1121. Hen. Huntingdon, ad ann- 1120. Camden- Britann. sub gom,
Sussex. Sandford's General Hist. 1 Ed. p 26.

230 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

into the House of Burgundy 5 whence, by a subsequent marriage,
they were transferred to the House of Austria : yet, by a younger
branch, that sovereign family is still perpetuated in the male line

"Feb. 2d, uiii to that Monarch, who hoped to have issue male to repair the
loss of his son and heir, Prince William, that had been drowned in 1119 : as
she never had any issue by him, she, after his death, (who deceased in -113-5)
married William de Albeney, one of the greatest men of that age; who, in
her right, was Earl of Arundel, and left descendants; k by whom that Earl-
dom has been transmitted down in lineal succession to the present time, being
vested now in the Dukes of Norfolk ; fifth, Ida, Countess of Cleves.

By his second wife Clementia of Burgundy, Godfrey Barbatus had only
his youngest son Josceline de Lovain; who coming into England to
his sister Queen Adelicia very young, has been unnoticed by the Brabantine
historians; and being the offspring of the second marriage, is not mentioned
in a charter of his half brother Count Henry, 1 wherein he appears to have
enumerated only his own uterine brothers and sisters. '" But that Josceline de
Lovain was brother to Queen Adelicia, and of course son to Duke Godfrey
Barbatus, is proved by innumerable deeds and charters still extant,. of which
I shall here only mention a few. Thus, among the ancient writings n of the
Percy family, is still preserved an original deed of Lord Josceline himself,
as fair and legible as when it was \\ ritten, containing a grant to one Richard
de Pacinges, of land at Kopereshurst, near Petworth, which thus begins,
*' Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Joscelinus frater REGiNEdedi, et
concessi, &c." His sister Queen Adelicia, had received a giant of the honour
and castle of Arundel in dowry from her first husband King Henry I. and
she and her second husband William de Albeney constituted her brother
Josceline Castellan of Arundel,*a high office in that age; and granted him
the honour of Petworth in Sussex, anciently a member of Arundel, p Their
grant was confirmed by King Henry II. when only Duke of Normandy
(circ n<)2,}li by his charter still preserved in the great Chartulary of the
Percy family ;r in which " Henricus Dux Norman, et Aquit. Comes An-
degav, &c. confirms Jocelino fratri Regine Adelicie honorem de
Pctteworth, &c. &c sicut Willielmus Comes Arundel et Regina Adelicia ipsi
ilium dederunt." Dugdale has also printed in the Monasticon Anglicanum,
lorn. iii. p. 78, a charter of the same King Henry II. reciting and confirming
the grants made to the Abbey of Durford in Essex, in which, among other
benefactions, is, 4< Exdono Jocelini fkatris Regine unamvirgatam terra

k Dugd Bar. I. p. 119.
1 Butkens Trophees de Brabant, torn- i. p. 107.
» Butkens, ubi supra. Miraei Deplomata Belgica, torn. i. Haraei AnnaleS
de Brabant, torn. i.

" Penes Due. Northumb. • Dug. Baron- vol i. p. 119, 270, 271.

p Ibid. Camden. Britann sub com. Sussex.
1 He about that time exercised regal powers in this kingdom. See
Rymcr, vol. i. p. 4, Edit. Hag 1745.

' Penes Due. Northum, fol 145. Vid- ibid. fol. 143, b. fol 153,

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. in

in the present Princes of Hesse j who are lineally descended from
the ancient Dukes of Brabant, as will appear in the following
short sketch of their genealogy, x viz. Godfrey Barbatus, who

died in 1 139, was father of Godfrey II. who died in

1142. He of Godfrey III. who died in lipo. He

of Henry the First, Duke of Brabant, who died in

1235. He of Henry II. Duke of Brabant, who died

in 1247, and by his second wife Sophia, daughter of Lewis,

Landgrave of Thuringia and Hesse, had issue Henry,

commonly called the Hessian, who, through his mother, derived
claims to the Landgravate of Thuringia and Hesse ; in conse-
quence of which his son Otho got all Hesse, and was#

father of Lewis of Grebenstein. He of Herman,

usually stiled the Learned. He of Lewis II. surnamed

the Peaceable. He of Lewis III. called the Frank. He

of William III. commonly termed by historians Medius,

or the Middlemost, to distinguish him from his brother and cousin

of the same name. He of Philip the Magnanimous, one

of the principal heroes of the Reformation in Germany. He of

William IV. the Wife, Landgrave of Hesse Cassel. He

of Maurice. He of William V. He of

William VI. He of Charles, who was father of King

Frederick of Sweden, that married the sister of King Charles
XII. and of ... . William, second son, Landgrave of Hesse Cassel,
whose son, . ... Frederick, married the Princess Mary of Engl a no,
daughter of King George II. and had issue three Princes, viz.

William, Sovereign of Hesse Cassel, and his two brothers,

Charles and Frederick ; of whom the two former married two
sisters of the late King of Denmark, by whom they have
issue.

in Hetshyte, &c'' * Innumerable other proofs of the same kindmight be ad-
duced, ■ but these are sufficient to establish beyond all possibility of doubt
that Josceline de Lovain, and his lineal male descendants, the Lord Percys
of the second race, were the genuine offspring of Duke Godfrey Barbatur,
sprung from the ancient Dukes and Counts of Hainault, Brabant and Lovain,
issued from the Emperor Charlemagne, and the Carlovingian Kings of France,
x Hist, de Hesse, par M. Mallet, z torn. 8vo. Paris, \j6jy &c. Anderson's
Royal Genealogies, folio.

* See also Mon. Ang. vol iir. p. 78, compared with p. 80.
t Vid. Dugd. Bar. 1. p. 271. Camden. Britann. sub. com. Sussex &
Northumb. &c

332 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

House of Lovain.

Thus descended from, and allied to, a long race of Sovereign
Princes was Josceline de Lovain, who married the Lady Agnes,
and was ancestor of the subsequent Lord Percys, and of their
descendants the Earls of Northumberland.

Josceline died long before his Lady ; for in her grants to the
Abbey of Sal ley, she speaks of King Henry II. as living, (who
deceased in 1189) but of her spouse as dead : viz. (f Pro salute
anime mee, et charissimi Domini nostri Regis Henrici, et Regine
Alienore, et Jocelini de Lovein quondam sponsi mei, &:c. y Besides
his honour of Petworth in Sussex, (which descended through his
posterity of the Percy family to the present Earl of Egremont)
Josceline had a grant of lands in Yorkshire, consisting of five
knights fees and a half, z which are styled in the red book of the
Exchequer " Feod. Jocelini de Lovaine. a He made large dona-
tions to the Abbeys of Lewes, Reading, and other religious houses,1'
and was buried at Petworth. c His Lady, Agnes de Percy, who
survived him many years, and appears even to have outlived her
sister, d was -buried in the Chapter house at Whitby, with this
epitaph, e

Agnes Agnetis festo tumulatur ; et istis
Idem Sexus, idem Nomen, et una Dies.

By the Lady Agnes, Josceline de Lovain had issue (according
to all the ancient writers) four sons, and two daughters. The
former are thus arranged by the old genealogists ; f first, Henry
de Percy, the eldest, who appears to have died before his mother,
and left issue, of whom we shall give account below ; second,
Josceline de Percy, who died without issue j third, Robert de
Percy, who was Lord of Sutton upon Darwent, and gave the ad-
vowson of big -church there to the Monks of Whitby : (he is said
to have assumed the name of Sutton, and to have left posterity so
named;) fourth, Richard de Percy, who, although he was the
youngest, yet, being a man of spirit, appears to have been the

y Mon. Ang. I. p. 843. * Black Book of Exchequer, by Hearne.

» Lib. RubtScacc. fol. 3,9, 11, i?.

b Mon. Ang. passim, and other Books on that subject.

c Litt. Ped- Roll. 4 see below

e Litt. Ped. Roll Wynne's MS.

f Litt. Ped. Roll. Wynne's MS. Harl. MSS. No. 6*2, (2,6) Wood's MSS.

in Ashmol Museum. Oxon, 8465,(3 .) p 48.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 233

favourite of his family j for although his mother was living, to
whom (after the death of her sister without issue) the whole in-
heritance of her family of right belonged, he, by the King's ad-
vice, and by his mother's permission, & entered into the whole
purparty of his aunt the Countess Maud, and retained the same
during of his life j which was the subject of long litigation with
jhis nephew, William de Fercy, son of his eldest brother Henry ;
who, at length, after his uncle's death, became possessed of the
whole undivided inheritance of his family; although Richard left
issue, which continued for two generations, as we shall see below.
By the Lady Agnes, Josceline de Lovain had at least two
daughters, first, Eleanor, and second, Adelicia, to whom he gave
Hesset and Hameldon, with Winton Mills, belonging to Ha-
meldon, between them ; as appears by his own deed still extant,h
in which he styles himself " Jocelinus, frater Adelidis Regine."
Either one of these, or some other daughter of Josceline and
Agnes, was wife of John Davill (or D'Eyville) to whom Agnes,
her mother, gave seven oxgangs of land at Catton, with the
cottages there, on his marriage with her said daughter. * The
other daughter was probably mother of Richard Malebis, whom
the Lady Agnes expressly calls her grandson, k in her charter
confirming his donation of two oxgangs in Litton, &c. (which
she had before given him) to the church of Salley; and to whom
Richard de Percy granted the patronage of Handale Nunnery. l

Richard de Percy, (although by all the ancient writers he
is called youngest) son of Josceline de Lovain and Agnes de Percy,
got possession of all the purparty of his aunt Maud, Countess of
Warwick, and even of a great part of that of his mother Agnes,
and retained the same during the greatest part of his life : at
length, after infinite litigation, it was compromised between him
an4 his nephew William de Percy (son of his eldest brother
Henry) to whom the inheritance belonged, after a solemn hear-
ing before the King in person, at Kennington, July 6th, 1234 m
(18 Hen. III.) that the estates should be divided in equal portions
between them during Richard's life, and after his death all the
ancient patrimony of the Percy family should devolve to his

* Mon. Ang. I. p 847, and Great Percy Chartulary, fol. ult. Wynne's
MS. Genealog.

4 ft Great Percy Chartulary, fol. 143, p. 2. » Ibid, fol 5. p. 2.

k Ricardo Malebis nepqti nieo- Mon. Ang. I. p. 843.

i Mon. Ang 1. p 428.. m Madox. Hist of Exche;.

1

234 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

nephew, a small reservation being made for Richard's son and
heir, Henry de Percy.

During his life, therefore, Richard de Percy was at the head
of his family, and had all its baronial rights. He was one of the
great Barons, who in 16 Joh. (1215) took up arms against the
tyranny of King John : n and had a principal hand in extorting
from that monarch the Great Charters of our liberties : being
chosen one of the twenty-five guardians or conservators to see
the Magna Charta duly observed. In consequence of this active
zeal in the cause of liberty, he was excommunicated along with
the other Barons by Pope Innocent III. December lfjth, 1215,
(17 Joh.)"° reciting the cause, that they would dethrone the King
for acknowledging the crown to belong to the see of Rome.

In 18 Joh. when those high spirited Barons p had called over
Lewis, son to Philip IT. King of France, with purpose to raise
him to the royal throne, he, with Robert de Ross, and Peter de
Brus (two eminent Barons of the north) subdued all Yorkshire,
to the obedience of Lewis.

The Lord Richard de Percy had two (if not more) wives j the
first was a daughter of the Lord William de Braose of Gower,
whom Dugdale names Joan, i and an old writer seems to have
r3med Alicia j r by her he probably had his son and heir Henry
de Percy. He after her death married Agnes de Neville, s who
survived him many years, l being living in 1252, at which time
she had married a second husband, John de Eyncourt. u Indeed,
she appears to have lived down to 1288. x As for the Lord
Richard de Percy, he died about 1244, and was buried in Foun-
tains Abbey, -v leaving issue one son, named Henry de Percy, who
no longer ranked among the Barons, as the greatest part of his
father's possessions reverted to the true heir Lord William de
Percy (son of Henry, mentioned below) j yet this Henry, son of
Richard, continued to possess lands chiefly about Ergham and
Settel in Yorkshire, z and obtained in 1249 (anno 33 Hen. III.)
a grant of a market and fair to be held at Settel. a He appears

* Carte's Hist. Rapin, Hume, &c.

o Rynier's Fcedera, vol. i. p. 211, 212.

f Mat. Parts, p. 256, and 285. <j Dug. Bar. I. p. 418^

' Wood's MSS. (Ashmol. Oxon.) No. 8465, (3.) p. 48.

• Ibid. t TJiigd. Bar. I. p. 522.

" Great Percy Chartulary, fol. 2. * Drake's Hist- of York, p. 267.

J Wood's MS. ubi supra. * Great Percy Chartulary, fol 29,35.

* Ibid, fol- 4. p. 2.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 233

to have married Agnes de Flammavilla, and left one son, Alex-
ander de Percy, who was living at Settel in 1303, b and afterwards
had a grant of lands at Aton in Yorkshire, but probably died
without issue. This Alexander de Percy must not be confounded
with Sir Alexander de Percy of Ormsby and Sneton, who lived
about th j same time, ami is mentioned in the history of Whitby ;
this last being descended from the Percys of Kildale. We now
return to Richard's eldest brother, viz.

Henry de Percy, eldest son and heir of Josceline, and Agnes
de Percy. He confirmed to the monks of Whitby a grant of his
mother's/ and quit claimed to the monks of Fountains, all Litton,
and Littondale, excepting the venison there : for the custody
whereof, the monks were to present unto him two foresters, and
to maintain them at their own proper costs, with other considera-
tions j paying likewise unto him 600 marks. In 6 Rich. I.
Brien, son of Ralph, d gave a fine to the King of 100 marks, that
he might try his right to the barony of Petteward (now written
Petworth) and of fifteen knights fees belonging to the said
barony against this Henry de Percy.

He took to wife Isabel, daughter of Adam de Brus Lord of
Skelton, with whom he had in marriage, by gift of her father, the
manor of Levington, c for which he and his heirs were to repair
to Skelton castle every Christmas day, and lead the lady of that
castle from her chamber to the chapel to mass, and thence to her
chamber again j and, after dining with her, to depart. He ap-
pears to have died before his mother Lady Agnes, and before his
aunt the Countess of "Warwick ; so that he probably possessed
only such estates as had appertained to his father Josceline of
Lovain, which lay chiefly in Sussex. He left issue two sons,
who were minors when he died, viz first, William de Percy, his
eldest son and heir ; and second, Henry de Percy, ancestor of the
Percys of Hesset in Sussex, which in the third generation ended
in females. f

William de Percy, eldest son and heir of Henry de Percy,
being a minor at his father's death, lost for some time a great
part of his patrimony (at least in the north) which his uncle
Richard got and held during his life; but after his dt-ath the
whole reverted to the true heir, this Lord William. The whole

b Great Percy Chartulary, fol. 5 a.

c Dugd. Bar I. p. 271

d Madox's Baron, Angl p. gr. Mag. Rot 6 Rich. I. tit Sudsexa.

* Great Percy Chartulary, fol. 60. ' Ibid, fol 146, 150, 152, 153.

23(5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

fee of the Lord Percys in Yorkshire had been thirty knights feesj
and in 8 Hen. III. on collecting the scutage, William de Percy
had only fifteen, having s twenty-one knights fees more, which
appertained to the honour of Petworth in Sussex. The same
year also, he obtained a grant h for a market on the Friday, every
week, at his manor of Spoforth in Yorkshire: and in 17 Henry
III. gave i 500 marks to the King for the wardship of the five
daughters of William de Briwere, (whose ward he himself had
been) k and after vvards married one of them.

In 26 Hen. III. he paid1 100 marks fine to be exempted
from attendance on the King into Gascoigne. In 28 Hen. III.
doing his homage, he had livery m of all the lands of Richard de
Percy, his uncle (which he had held from him, as is before men-
tioned, till his death) excepting the manor of Topclive, which
was the dowry of n Agnes, wife of the said Richard, she being
then alive j whose marriage was at that time granted0 by the
King to Bernard de Baliol, in case he should be willing to take
him for her husband. So that, by the account p shortly after
given into the Exchequer, it appears, that he had thirty knights
fees, de Veteri Feoffamento, in Yorkshire, and two knights fees
in Lincolnshire. Madox recites, that in 30 Henry III. q the
barony of Percy was rated at thirty knights fees of the old feoff-
ment.

He r departed this life in ] 245, 2Q Henry III. and was buried
in the Abbey of Sallay.

William de Percy married two wives, first, Joan, one of the
daughters and coheirs of William de Briwere, above mentioned,
by whom he had issue four daughters, who were coheirs to their
mother, viz. first, Anastasia, married to Ralph Fitz Ralph (or
Fitz Ranulph) Lord of Middleham in Yorkshire; second, Joan,
to Henry Ferlington; third, Alice, to Ralph de Haringwood;
and fourth, Agnes, to Eustace de Balliol, of Quarington, in the
Bishopric of Durham. s

To his second wife, William de Percy married Elena, or Ellen,

« Testa de Nevill Suss. * Claus. 8 Hen. III. m. 2a.

« Rot. Fin. 17 Hen. III. m. 5 Claus. iy Hen. III. m. 8.

k Dugd Bar. I sub Briwere. 1 Rot. Pip 26 Hen. III. Ebor.

m Rot. Fin. 28 Hen. III. m. 2. » Pat. 28 Hen. 1 1 1, m. 9.

0 Ibid. P Rot. Pip. 30, Hen. III.

q Ex Baron. Angl. p. 93. ' Claus 29 Hen. III. m. 3.

• Dugd. Bar. I. p. 701- Great Chartulary, fol. 21,63, 164,36. Burton'*

LeiceStersh, p. 1041 144- Edmondson's Peerage, &«.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 23;

daughter of Ingelram de Balliol, who brought with her in dower
Dalton (since called Dalton Percy) in the Bishopric of Durham. *
By this Lady, who survived him, he had issue as follows :

First, Henry de Percy, his heir.

Second, Ingelram, or Ingram de Percy, who had lands at
Aton, u and the lordship of Dalton, of the gift of his mother. He
died in the King's service abroad in 1262 -7 x but although he had
married Aveline, daughter and heir of William Earl of Albe-
marle, y who afterwards was wife of Edmund Crouchback Earl
of Lancaster, Ingram de Percy left no issue.

Third, William de Percy, Canon of St. Peter's at York, who
gave his mediety of Dalton, which accrued to him by the death of
Ingram, to his next brother Walter. z

Fourth, Walter de Percy, who is usually stiled ancestor of the
family of Percy of Kildal", a which continued down to the reign
of King Henry VI. when John de Percy of Kyledale was witness
to a grant of lands in Yafford and Newsome to John Smythson,
(lineal ancestor of the Duke of Northumberland) from his mother
Matilda, dated 19 Henry VI. b From the Percys of Kildale, the
family of Percy of Ormsby and Sneton were derived, which
ended in females.

Fifth, Galfrid, or Jeffrey de Percy, who is by some stiled Lord
of Semar near Scarburgh. He was in France with King Henry
III. in 1263-4, c and was witness to the King's grant of the
honour of Leicester to his son Prince Edward in 1265. d

Sixth, Alan de Percy, who had a grant from his father of
certain lands in Lcvington. e To these some genealogists add,

Seventh, Josceline de Percy, who was Lord of Linton, or
Litton, and Whitwell. f They appear also to have had a sister
named after her mother, viz.

Elena de Percy, who was abbess of Werewell, and living in
1281.&

Henry de Percy, eldest son and heir of Lord William,
before mentioned, gave in 33 Henry III. h a fine of nine hundred
pounds for livery of his lands, and that he might marry whom he

' From her own deeds in Great Percy Chartulary, fol 138, 170.

» Ibid fol. 41, b. f. 138- x Hearne's Chron. de Dunstable, I. p. 351.

y Vincent upon Brooke, p. 293. * Great Chartulary, fol. 138.

a Edmondson, et alii. h Ex Autcgrapho penes Due. North.

c Rymcr, vol. i p. 766. d Ibid. p. 831

« Great Percy Chartulary, fol. 8- f Dugdale, Bar. vol i p 272.

c Madox Hist Exchequer. - i» Rot Tip. 33 Hen. Ill Ebor.

23S PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

pleased j which sum he had l liberty to pay by two hundred
pounds per annum. In 41 Hen. III. he had summons k to attend
the King at Bristol, on the Octaves of St. John Baptist, well fur-
nished with horse and arms, to march against the Welsh. And
the year after, 1253, when Walter Cumming, Earl of Menteith,
bad rebelliously seized on his King Alexander III. then in his
minority (who had married Margaret, daughter of King Henry)
he was one of the northern Barons * summoned to prepare himself
with horse and arms, and all his power, for the rescuing him from
his restraint.

In 47 Henry III. m this Henry de Percy took part with the
rebellious Barons ; on which his lands were seized ; but afterwards
coming in, and submitting himself, he had restitution of them
again. Also the same year, he was with the King at Oxford,
with the Barons that adhered to him 5 n and marching from thence
to Northampton, assisted in the storming of that town, which
was taken by the King. After that they marched towards Not-
tingham, wasting the lands of the Barons. On May 14th, the
year following, ° 1264, fighting stoutly on the King's part in the
battle of Lewes, he was taken prisoner, with many others, but
was soon after released.

In 1265, 50 Henry III. p this Henry de Percy, and other
Barons, on the King's part, at Windsor, on Sunday December
13th, agreed to the compromise made by the King, according to
the statutes and orders made at Oxford 3 and to abide by the de-
termination of the King of France : as did the Barons at London,
on the part of Simon Montfort, Earl of Leicester. He died in
1272, 56 Henry III. and was interred at Sal lay, near his father.
He married Eleanor, 1 daughter of John Plantagenet, Earl of
Warren and Surry, by Alice r his wife, daughter of Hugh le
Brien, Earl of March, by his wife Isabel, widow and relict of
John King of England : and by her had issue three sons, s William,

1 Rot. Fin. 33 Hen. 1 1 1, m 10.
* Claus. 41 Hen 1 1 1 in dorso, m. 6, and Rymcr, vol i. p. 6$S*
1 Claus 24 Hen. I II. in dorso, m 12.
m Rymer; vol i p 772. Mat. Paris, p. 993, and H. Knighton, 2477, and
Claus. 47 Hen III. m 4.

■ Mat. Paris, p 993, and H. Knighton, 2477, and Claus 47 Hen. III.
m 4, and Stow's Chron. p. 194.

o Mar. Paris, ^96. P Rymer, vol i p. 776, 777.

1 Ex Register de Lewes. ' Barones Extinct. MS. penes meips.

« MS dc Chiting.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND: 23^

John, and Henry. The said Eleanor, his wife, surviving, * had
assignation of her dower, in 56 Henry III. out of all his lands,
except the manors of Petworth, in Sussex, and Topclive, in York-
shire, whereof she had been enfeoffed.

The said William and John ■ died without issue, very young,
so that the youngest brother, viz.

Henry de Percy (who was afterwards first Lord Percy of
Alnwick) succeeded to the honours and patrimony of the family,
as heir* to his brother John.

This Henry, being v under age, in 15 Edw. I. when the King
made his expedition into Wales, was acquitted of one hundred
and twenty pounds, required from him for thescutage then levied;
and in ] 2(j4, 22 Edw. I. being z then of age, had livery of his
lands ; as also summons a to be at Portsmouth, on September 1st,
well fitted with horse and arms, to attend the King into Gas-
coigne.

In March, 1296, 24 Edw. I. theb King knighted him before
Berwick j and in April hec was in the battle of Dunbar, where
the English obtained a memorable victory. Thereupon being con-
stituted d governor of Galloway and Aire in Scotland, King Ed-
ward, at Morpeth, on September 2pth, that same year, (24
Edward I.)e commanded the sheriffs of Cumberland and West-
moreland, and others of the said counties, to be obedient to him.

In 20 Edw. I. he marched again f into Scotland ; having re-
ceived 3 a command from the King to be at Carlisle on the-eve of
Pentecost, with horses and arms, the King then intending to meet
him there.

In 2 Edw. II. he obtained licence h to fortify his houses at
Spofford, and Lekingfield, in Yorkshire; as also his house at
Petworth, in Sussex.

On November 19th, 1300, 3 Edw. II. Anthony Beck, bishop
of Durham, 'l granted and sold to him the barony of Alnwick, in
the county of Northumberland, which he had by grant from
William de Vescy (he having no issue 5) and all those lands and

* Claus. 56 Hen. III. m 2. « MS. penes Wil. Pierpoint.

« Rot. Fin, 12 Ed. I. m. 4. v Ibid.

* Claus. 22 Edw. I m iS

8 Rot Vascen. 22 Ed. I. m. 1 1, et m. 9.

* Selden's-Titles of Hcnr. c. 5, p 791. c H.Knighton, p. 2480.

' Ciaus. 24 Edw. I. m. 3. « Rymer, vol ii. p. 731.

f Rot. Scot. 26 Edw. I. m. 9. e Rymer, vol ii p. 829.

** P«t. 2 Edw. Up 2, m 19. ' Ryrner, vol- hi p 183.

240 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

tenements, which Isabel, wife of John de Vescy, senior, and
Isabel, wife of William de Vescy, held in dower of the said
barony ; to hold to him, and his heirs for ever. To that deed
were witnesses, Henry de Lacy Earl of Lincoln, Robert de Um-
fraviile Earl of Anegos, or Angus, Sir Robert de Clifford, &c. He
also k purchased of the said Bishop, the manor of Querindon upon
Teise.

The aforesaid barony of Alnwick had been fourteen years in
the Bishop's possession before it was purchased by Henry dc
Percy; and therefore he was no way concerned in any trans-
action between the said bishop and the former proprietor William
de Vescy.

On July 30th, 1309, (3 Edw. LI.) this Hemy de Percy had
a1 precept from the King, signifying to him, that the Scots having
broke the truce made with them, at the request of Philip IV.
King of France, he had ordered his army to be at Newcastle on
Michaelmas day; and therefore commands this Lord Percy to
meet him there, with horses and arms, to go with him against
the Scots.

In 4 Edw. II. hem was again in the wars of Scotland,* and
that year procured the King's charter for free warren in all his
demesne lands within the lordships of Settle, Gigleswick, Routh-
well, Mallum, ArneclirT, Buckden, and Tadcaster, in Yorkshire.

On April 3d, 1312, (5 Edw. II.) when the Barons divested
Piers de Gaveston of the office of warden of the royal forests on
this side Trent, the King grants the same to Henry de Percy dur-
ing pleasure : but afterwards sent his mandate to him to sur-
render it again, in order that he might restore it to Gaveston. n

He had summons to parliament from December 2pth, 1299,
28 Edw. I. till 1315, 8 Edw. II. in which year he died, and was
buried, in the abbey of Fountains in Yorkshire^ before the high
altar.

He married the Lady Eleanor Fitz Allan, who was sister of
Richard, and daughter of John, Earls of Arundel.0

* MS. p. 97, penes C Fairfax. 1 Rymer,vol iii. p. 148.

■ Rot. Scoc 4 Edw. II. m 8.

r See more relative to this in Stow, p. 216. Rymer, prsed. p. 327* 328,

M4»34*m»38t»4*7»443 444' 445>448>493» and Hume's Hist sub ann 1312.

■ This Lady was lineally descended from Queen Adelicia, sister of Josce-

line de Lovain, before mentioned : * for Queen Adelicia married to her second

Vid Vincent upon Brook, Tit- Arundel

,Tit

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 241

By her, who survived him, Henry de Percy had two sons *
viz first, Henry, his eldest son and heir, who after him was
second Lord of Alnwick ; second, William de Percy, who was
made a Knight of the Bath in 20 Edw. II. and died in 1355. P I
come now to

Henry de Percy, second Lord Percy of Alnwick, who was
eldest son and heir of the last mentioned Henry Lord Percy, by
the Lady Eleanor Fitz Allan his wife. He was sixteen years of
age<i on the decease of his father, and the next year, g Edw. II.
he obtained a grant T from the King of all those fees in Northum-
berland, which did belong to Patrick de Dunbar Earl of March,
then in arms against King Edward. In 13 Edw. II. by* reason
of the spoil done to his lands in the north, upon several incur-
sions of the Scots j whereof Eleanor, his mother, had the custody, *
during his minority, and which she could not wrll defend j he
obtained a surrender11 thereof from her to the King ; and there-
upon a grant x of them to himself, paying 400 marks yearly to
the Exchequer. In 15 Edw. II. he procured an absolute livery y
of them, though he had not then made proof of his age.

In 1326, 20 Edw. II. on the landing of Queen Isabel, and
Prir.cs Edward, in England, on September 22d, he was one of
the nobles that joined z with them, for reforming those abuses in
the government, occasioned through the power of the Spencers j
and the forces he bi ought to the Queen at Gloucester much in-
creased51 her army. In which year he was made one of the
guardians of the truce with the Scotch in Northumberland -, and
guardian of the Portre castles in that county, on the King's going
abroad. b

Being therefore thus instrumental in the great change, he ob-
tained in 1 Edw. III. the custody0 of the castle of Skipton in
Craven ; as also a charter d for a market and fair, at his manor of

husband William de Albaney I- Earl of Arundel, and had by him issue,
William de Albaney, second Earl of Arundel ; whose son William, third
Earl of Arundel, had a daughter Isabel, wife of John Fitz Allan, Lord of
Clun. The offspring of this marriage, John Fitz Allan, (who was in right of
his mother Earl of Arundel) left a son John, who also was Earl of Arundel,
and he was father of this Eleanor, Lady Percy.

* Anstis's Knights of the Bath, No. 2©.

* Esc 8 Edw II. n. 65. r MS. penes C. Fairfax, f 120.

» Rot Fin 13 Ed\V. II. m 4 l Ibid. « Ibid.

* Ibid. y Claus. 15 Edw. II. m. 24.

2 Tho. Wals p 104, n 10. - * Ibid.

b Rymer's Fcedera, vol iv p 158.

c Rot- Fin.i Edw III. m 27. i Cart. 1 Edw. III. n.9*

VOL. II. R

242 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Topclive, in com. Ebor. He was e one of the twelve lords ap-
pointed to be of council to the young King Edward j f and s the
principal person in commission for the treaty of peace betwixt
England and Scotland ; also constituted h warden of the marches.

In 1328, 2 Edw. III. Henry de Percy had a grant from the
King of the reversion of the barony and castle of Warkworth,
&c. which had heretofore belonged to John de Clavering. l

In 3 Edw. III. he attended k on the King, who, on May 26th,
1329, embarked at Dover, in order to settle his affairs in Aquitain,
and returned with the King on June IUh following.

In rj Edw, III. he was constituted1 warden of the marches
towards Scotland, and conservator of the peace m in the counties
of Northumberland, York, Lancaster, Cumberland, and West-
moreland. In 1333, 7 Edw. III. he was with King Edward at
the siege of Berwick \ also in the n memorable battle of Halli-
downe Hill, to the north of Berwick, on July 22d, that year,
wherein the Scots were defeated with great slaughter ; and King
Edward, the next day, having the town of Berwick delivered to
him, placed therein, as governor, this Lord Henry Percy. In
that year likewise he had a grant ° from the said Edward de
Baliol, of the inheritance of the peel of Loughmaban j as also of
Annandale and Motfetdale ; with all the knights fees, and ad-
vowsons of churches, within those valleys, in as full and ample
manner as Thomas Randolph, some time Earl of Murray, ever
had them j andP of divers lands in that realm, which belonged to
other men of the Brucean party : whereupon he, q with others,
came to the parliament held by Baliol, as peers of Scotland, and
as owing homage for their respective lands held of him.

In 12 Edw. III. the King going abroad, and having appointed
Edward (the Black Prince) regent, this Henry was constituted
one of his council. r

In 19 Edw. III. the Scots invaded8 England with an army
of 36,000 men, under the command of William Douglas, and

« Lcl. Coll. vol. i p. 685. f Barnes's Hist- of Edw III. p. 4

* Rot, Scoc 1 Edw. III. m 2. »> pat. x Edw. IIL m. ^

1 What follows is extracted from the original deeds preserved in the
Great Chartulary of the Percy family, fol. 123, &c.

k Ryraer, vol. i. p. 387 to 390. j Pat. 6 Edw. III. p. 2 m. 13.

m Rymer's Foedera, vol iv. p 529.

p Barnes's Hist, of Edw. III. p. 80.

• MS. penes C. Fairfax, fol 09. a. p Ibid.

<* Barnes's Hist of Edward III p. 82

r Rymer's Foedera, vol. v. p 202 » Ypod Neustr.p. 118. n zo

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 243

burnt Carlisle, f Penrith, and many other places ; but upon the
advance of this Lord Percy, with the Lords Nevil and Lucy, they
retired home.

In 1316, 20 Edw. III. by the instigation of the French King
Philip VI. the Scots invaded 'x England again, whilst King Ed-
ward was at the siege of Calais: whereupon Lionel, the King's
son, guardian of England, x ordered Nicholas de Cantilupe, and
others, that were then marching against the Scots, to be obedient
to the commands of this Henry Lord Percy, who was^ the chief
in command of the northern Barons that gave them battle, on
October 17th, at Nevill's Cross, z near Durham ; and having
vanquished a the whole army, took David Bruce, their King, pri-
soner. b In consideration0 of that signal service (the King being
then absent) d he had an assignment e of 200 marks out of the aids
then granted for the support of those wars. On December 10th,
1346, 20 Edw. III. r he had summons to attend parliament, to
consult about means to put an end to the war.

On January 26th, 1346-/, 21 Edw. III. by indenture at Lon-
don, t between the King's son, Lionel Earl of Ulster, Guardian of
the realm, and this Henry Lord Percy, he agreed to furnish 100
men at arms, and 100 archer* on horseback, at the accustomed
pay in time of war, and to march with them to the assistance of
Edward Baliol, King of Scots. Our historians relate, that early
this year h King Edward Baliol, hoping to recover the kingdom of
Scotland, entered therein by Carlisle, with an army of 20,000
men ; and the Lord Percy, with as many more by Berwick, into
Lothian and Clidisdale, whence he brought great booty of goods
and cattle, while Baliol ravaged alike in other parts : and both
armies joining at Perth, the Scots made such humble instance,
that they obtained a truce for one year, on paying 9,000 /. to
Baliol, who was to reside in the castle of Lanerick; and the
English lords, that could be spared, returned to King Edward, in
his camp before Calais. By the French rolls, it ' appears, that
Lord Percy was of Prince Edward's retinue in the wars of France
this year.

r Ypod. Neustr. p. 118. n. 20. ■ Tho. Wals. p. 157, n. 40.

* Rymer, ib. 521. y Ypod. Neustr. p. 119,11 30.

* Lei Coll. vol i. p. 675 a Tho. Wals. p. 157, n. 40.

h Ibid. c Rot. Scot 21 Edw. HI. m. %.

* Ibid. e Ibid. * Rymer,vol v- p. 535.

Ibid. p. 545. ►> Barnes's History of Edw. HI. p. 400.

5 Rot. Franc. 21 Edw. III. m 23*

244 PEER/YGE OF ENGLAND.

On January 27th, 1351-2, 26 Edw. III. be k was commis-
sioned to see the Scotch (according to the treaty made with them)
governed by the same, laws as they were in the time of Alexander
King of Scotland. Also the same year, on the ' danger of an in-
vasion then threatened from the French, he was constituted m
one of the commissioners for arraying of men in the county of
Northumberland.

This noble Lord had summons to parliament among the
Barons from 1322 to the time of his death, (which happened on
February 26th, 1351-2, 26 Edw. III.) and was buried in the
priory of Alnwick.

By Idonea, his wife, daughter of Robert Lord Clifford, (who
survived him to the year 1365 5 ) n he had issue as follows, viz.

1. Henry, his eldest son and heir, who was Hid Lord Percy
of Alnwick*

2. Richard de Percy, Lord of Semar near Scarborough,0 who
was summoned to parliament as a Baron, * in 14 Ed. III. (1340.)

3. Roger de Percy, to whom his father gave the manor of
Stanerbotham in Craven, of which he was possessed in or before
1335. %

4. Robert de Percy 3 to whom his father assigned in 1335 cer-
tain lands and rents in Thurstanby, Bnkeden, Windosom, and
Dalton, near Topcliff, all in the county of York.1"

5. Thomas de Percy, who in the snme year, 1335, had from
his father s certain assignments in Catton, Ronthewell, and Score-
burgh, near Leckenfield. He was made Bishop of Norwich by
the Pope, l though he was aged only twenty-two (according to
historians) and was consecrated, January 3, 1354-5 (28 Edw. III.)
He died at Blofield, August 8, 136g, and was buried in his own
cathedral, which he had very munificently repaired after it had
been blown down by a tempest 5 contributing 400 marks himself,"
and procuring the rest from his clergy. His will, which is very
curious, is preserved in the Register of Archbishop Whytlesey at
Lambeth, (fol. 105. b.) and is dated 25 May, 1368; the probat,
17 Nov. 1369. — Besides these five sons, who all occur in the Great
Chartulary, the old genealogies mention another son, viz.

k Rymer, vol. v. p. 734. 1 Rot. Franc. 26 Edw. 1 1 1, m. 5.

m Ibid n Drake's Hist, of York, p. 284.

• Great Percy Chartulary. fol 51. a. p Dugdale's Summons to Pari.

1 Great Chartulary, fol. 85. b. 1 Great Chartulary, fol. 83. b. fol 74. b.

■ Ibid, fol 83. b. fol. 78. b. ' Godwin de Prsesulib. " Ibid.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 245

6. William de Percy, to whom his father (they say) gave
Kirk Levington in the 9th of King Edw. III. x and who married
Alice, sister and heir of John Menyll of Castle Levington : y but
he probably left no issue, nor did any of the younger sons of this
lid Lord of Alnwick; otherwise some notice would have been
taken of them in the will of their uncle, the Bishop of Norwich,
which is very minute in this respect.

The daughters of this second Lord Percy of Alnwick, by
Idonea his wife, were,

1. Margaret, who in or before 132Q, x was married, 1st, To
Robert de Umfraville, son and heir of Gilbert Earl of Angus; and
2dly, to William Lord Ferrers of Groby^a she was living, and
wife of the latter, when her brother the Bishop made his will.

2. Isabel, wife of William, son and heir of William de Aton ; b
she was dead when the Bishop made his will; but he leaves a
legacy of a gilt cup to her son William de Aton;c besides whom
she had three daughters:

3. Matilda, or Maud, who about 1334rt was married to Lord
Neville of Raby, and who was living in 1368, when the Bishop
made his will.

4. Eleanor, wife of John Lord Fitz- Walter, e who was dead in
the said 1368, as she is not mentioned in her brother's will.1

Henry de Percy, Hid Lord Percy of Alnwick, was eldest
son and heir of the Lord Henry de Percy, last mentioned, by
Idonea de Clifford. Doing homage the same year his father died,
26 Edw. III. being then thirty years of age, he had livery of his
lands, saving to Idonea his mother her reasonable dower. *

In 1346, 20 Edw. III. (his father then living) he had been h
in the great expedition then made into France, in which yeaj en-

* Litt. Ped. Roll. > Edmondon & Collins, &c.

2 Great Chartulary, fol. 162. a. a Dudgd. Bar.

*> Ibid. Great Chartulary, fol. 74. fol. 94. b- «= Dudgd. Bar. Art. Aton.
d Great Chartulary, fol. 82- b. e Dudg Bar.

f These four daughters are here arranged as they occur in the Bishop's
will, and according to the order of their respective escutcheons, sculptured
on the octagon towers, which form the entrance into the inner ward of Aln-
wick Castle ; which towers were built by their father, the second Lord Percy
of Alnwick, about the year 1350, and are ornamented with the following
arms, viz. 1. Tyson; 2. Vescy; 3. Clifford; I4. Percy; <;. Bohun, (Earl of
Northampton, who was made warden of the marches in 1350, and so conti-
nued two years only) 6 Plantagenet; 7. England and France quarterly;
8, Warren; 9. Arundel; 10. Umfraville; it. Percy, (Isabel, the second
daughter, being probably not yet married ;) 12. Neville; 13 Fitz- Walter.
« Claus 26 Edw. Ill, m. 23. I Rot. Franc. 20 Edw. III. p. 1. m. 9.

24o PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

sued the famous battle of Cressey, on August 26. On March 28,
1352, 26 Edw. III. he i was commissioned, with the Bishop of
Durham, to receive David de Bruce, King of Scotland, into their
custody, on his return out of that kingdom, according to the oath
he had taken. Also the same year he was constituted k one of the
commissioners for guarding the marches against Scotland ; and1
was summoned to parliament among the Peers that year, as he
was ever after during his life. In 27 Edw. Ill, (14 October) he
was commissioned, with Ralph de Nevil, to treat with Elizabeth,
wife of William Douglas, about the surrender of Hermitage-castle
in Scotland, and setting at liberty the sons of the said William
and Elizabeth. Also the next day,'" he was commissioned to
treat with David de Bruce, and the Nobles of Scotlan !, at New-
castle upon Tyne, about the discharge of the said Davi.l %k Bructt;
and likewise" on June 14 following, on the same account, at the
same place. On October 5, 1354, 28 Edw. Ill, he ° was com-
missioned to receive from Sir John de Coupeland, Sheriff of
Northumberland, the body of David Bruce, King of Scotland, and
to set him at liberty, according to agreement made between him
and others on the part of the King of England, for ^0,000 marks,
payable in nine years. On January 20, 1356, 2p Edw. III. Ed-
ward Baliol, nominal King of Scotland, did, at Rokesburgh,
transfer his right and title in the crown of Scotland, to the King
of England, his heirs and assigns, for ever,P in the presence of
this Henry Lord Percy, and other Peers, who were witnesses
thereto: As also0' all his right in the lordship of Galloway, and
inheritance of Baliol, not annexed to the crown of Scotland. On
March 25, 1356, 30 Edw. III. her was commissioned to treat
with the Nobility of Scotland, about the delivery of David Bruce j
and also about a truce. The same year he received command * to
reside on his lands in the marches of Scotland, for the better de-
fence of those parts; being1 with Ralph, Lord Nevil, constituted
warden of those marches towards Northumberland.

In 35 Edw. III. heu was again constituted one of the War-
dens of the marches j and in 36 Edw. III. a commissioner to treat
about a truce with David Bruce King of Scotland.

' Rymer, volv p 737. k Rot. Scoc. 26 Edw III. m 2,

1 Barnes's Hist, of Edw. Ill, p-47r. m Rymer, vol. v. p 761.

■ Ibid, p 787. o ibid p. 801. p p. 832.

'i Ibid d. 833. * Ibid p. 847. » Rot. Scoc 30 Edw. 1 1 1, m. 2.

1 Rot Scoc. >o Edw III. m.4.
• Rot Scoc. 35 Edw. III. m 3. and Rymer, p, 375.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. ^

In 1365, 39 Edw. III. at the death of Idonea, his mother, he
had livery »' of all those lands which she held in dower j and the
same year received command* to repair unto his lands near the
marches, in regard of some danger, at that time impending from
the Scots. In 40 Edw. Ill he was again constituted a one ofthe
commissioners for guarding the marches, and conserving the
peace made with the Scots.

Inb 41 Edw. III. by Indenture,0 dated at Rokesburgh, he
was appointed, with Henry his son, Warden of the east marches,-
also to supervise the state of the marches; and to treat with David
King of Scotland, and his people, in order to some reparation of
the damages done to the English by the subjects of that realm.

This Henry married, 1st, Lady Mary Plantagenet, daughter
to Henry Earl of Lancaster, son of Edmund Earl of Lancaster,
Leicester, Derby, &c. (second son of King Hen. III. who had to
wife Blanche, daughter of Robert Comte d'Artois, brother of St.
Louis IX. King of France.)

This Lady Mary of Lancaster (so she was usually stiled) was
married to Henry Lord Percy, at her father's castle of Tutbery in
Staffordshire, A. D. 1334, when she was aged only fourteen ;d and
dying 1 September, 1362, was buried in Alnwick Abbey; e leav-
ing issue two sons, viz. 1. Henry, fourth Lord Percy of Alnwick,
and first Earl of Northumberland, and 2. Thomas Percy Earl of
Worcester, of whom below : as also, (according to some writers) f
a daughter Isabel, wedded to Gilbert de Aton, junior, brother
of William de Aton, before mentioned, who married Isabel her
aunt.e

By his second wife Joan, daughter and sole heir of John de
Orbey of Lincolnshire, who also was a Baron temp. Edw. III.
Henry, third Lord Percy of Alnwick, had issue11 one son, who
died in his father's life-time ; and one daughter Mary, who was
two years old at the death of her mother, anno 43, Edw. III.
She' married John Lord Ros, of Hamelake, but died without
issue in the eighteenth year of Richard II.1 (1395.)

This Henry third Lord Percy of Alnwick, died on Thursday,
17 June, (being Ascension-day) 1368, aged forty-six, being then

y Claus. 39 Edw. 1 1 1. m. 1 6. z Rot. Scoc. 39 Edw. 1 1 1 . m. 4.

a Rot. Scoc. 40 Edw. III. m.i. Ibid. 41 Edw. III. m 5.

c Rymer, vol, vi- P569. d Wynne's MS. Litt. Ped. Roll, &c.

«= Chron. Alnwick Abbey. f Litt- Ped. Roll

* MS. Collect, of Mr. Tho. Butler. h Chron. of Alnwick Abbey.

Dugdale.

248 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

seised k of the manors of Lekingfield, Clethorp, Setil, Gigles*
wick, NafFerton, Chatton, Wharram- Percy, Walton, parcel of the
manor of SpofFord, Scarbotill in Craven, SpofFord, TopclifFe, Se-
mar, Tadcaster, and Pokelington, in Yorkshire: of the manor and
castle of Alnwick, with the appurtenances, in the county of
Northumberland: as also of the manor of Rok; the castle and
manor of Werkworth; the towns of Berling, Acklington, Routh-
biry, East Wetton, Threpston, Snifter, Over-Botilston, Teggis-
den ; the manors of Corbrigge, Newburne, Thrasterton, with the
ham'ets of Botlaw, and Walbotill, and the fishing in the river of
Tyne: and of the inheritance of Joan his wife, the manor of Toft
juxta Witham, in Lincolnshire ; as also part of the manor of
Old Bokeham, and hundred of Shropham (parcel of the barony of
Tatshul) in Norfolk; and the manor of Cratefield in Suffolk.

Joan, his second wife, had for her dowry1 the following lands
and lordships assigned unto her, viz. The manor of Semar, and
third part of the manors of Scarbotil, SpofFord, TopclifFe, and
certain lands and tenements in Walton, Bukeden, and the city of
York; as also two parts of the manor of Wharram Percy, in
Yorkshire: the third part of the manor of Alnwick, with the
third part of the mills of Nether-Carleton ; the third part of
the manor and town of Denwick ; the manor and town
of Lessebiry ; the manor and town of Great Houghton ; the
manor and town of Chatton; the manor of Thrasterston ; the
manor and town of Alnham, with the third part of the pasture
called Swinleshelles; the manors of Werksworth, Routhbiry,
Corbrigge, and Newburne, with its members; as also certain
lands in Wollore: also thirteen pounds six shillings five-pence
halfpenny rent, belonging to the ward of Alnwick-Castle;
eight pounds yearly rent out of the manor of Beanley ; sixty-six
shillings four-pence rent, out of the manor of South-Middleton,
under Cheviot (all in the county of Northumberland;) eight marks
yearly rent from the Prior of Sixhill, in Ludford; forty shillings
yearly rent out of lands belonging to the priory of Thornton, in
Outheby; and thirteen shillings four-pence yearly rent, issuing
out of certain lands belonging to the priory of Elsham, in
Outhenby, in the county of Lincoln; and likewise the third part
of certain tenements in London. She m died the next year after,
43 Edw. III. 1369.

* Esc. 4* Edw. 1 1 1, n. 48. 1 Clause Edw. III. mm

■ Esc, 43 Edw- III. n. 16.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 24g

His two sons became very famous and eminent, and were both
made Earls of the kingdom ; Henry, the eldest, Earl of Northum-
berland; and Thomas, the youngest, Earl of Worcester; of whom
I shall first treat.

Thomas Percy (afterwards Earl of Worcester, but then
styled Sir Thomas Percy, Knt.) was in 44 Edw. Ill (1370.) n
with the Black Prince at Bergerath, to defend the frontiers against
the French; and shortly after marched with the Duke of Lan-
caster to Mountpaon, which was then rendered ° to him.

In 46 Edw. III. he was Seneschal p of Lymosin ; and was
taken i prisoner by the French ; but the year after had his en-
largement, the castle of Lymosin being given up r for his redemp-
tion. In 50 Edw. III. in consideration s of his good services, he
had an annuity of 100 marks given him out of the Exchequer,
during his life. Also for1 his services to the Black Prince, he
bad a grant from him of 100 marks a year out of his Highness's
Exchequer at Carnarvon.

In 2 Rich. II. being made Admiral" of the northern seas,*
with Sir Hugh Calveley, Knt. and meeting y with seven ships,
and one man of war, laden with wine, he brought them all into
Bristol,

In that year also, he was sent into France, in aid of John Duke
of Brittany; but having a great lossz by shipwreck, and other
misfortunes, most of that fleet were lost,3 and the rest dispersed,
himself hardly escaped: when being assailed b by a Spanish vessel,
he acquitted himself so valiantly, that after a sharp fight of three
hours, he boarded the Spaniard, and brought the ship safe to
shore. And having pawned0 his prize for a hundred pounds, he
set d out to sea again, towards the castle of Brest, whereof himself
and Sir Hugh Calveley were Governors. At setting out on this
expedition, he gave a very remarkable proof of his humanity and
virtue in restraining the excesses of his soldiers and sailor*; while
his brother commanders suffered the rest under their charge to

n Froissard, p. 17. a. o Ibid. p. 175 a. ' Ibid. p. 182. b-

<i Ibid p- 183- b. Tho. Wals. p. 183, n. 40 * Ibid.

' Pat 5c Edw. Ill p 2. m. 18 l Pat 1 Hen IV. p. 3. m.4. per Inspex.

» Rot. Franc. 2 Rich II m 6.

x Tho. Wals p. 224. & Ex ipso Autog penes Cleric Pel.

y Tho- Wals. ut supra. z Ibid. p. 238. 11. 30.

» Ibid. p. 242. n 20, 30 and 40. b Ib:d. c Ibid. & 243. a..

d Tho. Wals. ut supra, and Rymer 's Fcedera, Tom, V 1 1 . p. 332,.

250 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

commit horrible excesses, which the curious reader may rind
related at length in Walsingham's History, sub anno 1379, and
by T. Hearne, at the end of Gulielm. Nubrigiens. Hist. vol. lii.

p. 798

In July 1381, 5 Rich. II. he was employed/ with the Earl of
Buckingham, to suppress that insurrection made by the commons
in Essex, which were the remnant of those that rose with jack
Straw, when Wat Tyler appeared in arms with his Kentish fol-
lowers. After that affair was over, he was ? sent with Thomas de
Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, to execute justice upon the. rabble
at St.Alban's. In that year also, he again accompanied b the
Earl of Buckingham to Calais, where he rode with his banner
displayed j and was with him at the siege of h Nantes in Brittany;
but the Duke of Brittany not coming to their aid, he went with
that Earl from thence' to Vannes, to refresh their army.

In 5 Rich. II. he was made Captain k of the castle at Brest for
three years,1 and had a grant of all profits belonging thereto;
likewise m in 6 Rich. II. was made Governor of the town.

In 7 Rich. U. being one of the Knights of the Garter," he
had the robes of that most noble order given to him out of the
royal wardrobe, to attend at the feast of St. George; and was
joined in commission ° with John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster,
and others, to treat with those from Flanders for the appeasing of
certain differences betwixt the English and the Flemings.

In 8 Rich. II. he was constituted p one of the Conservators of
the truce made with Scotland ; and also * Admiral of the King's
fleet from the river Thames northwards. He was likewise re-
tained, by indenture, r to be governor of the castle of Brest, from
Candlemas-day, for one whole year; receiving for that service,
over and above the profits thence arising, by redemptions, rents,
customs, &c. 4000 marks; as also 250 marks every quarter, for
the costs and charges incident to that castle; but in case of truce,
no more than 3000 marks, and 250 marks a quarter.

In 10 Rich. II. he was made s Admiral of the fleet, for that
great army of twenty thousand (whereof two thousand were horse,

■ Tho. Wals. p. 284. n 40. f Ibid, p 290. * Froissard, p. 237. a.

»• Ibid, p 247 & 248. > Ibid. k Rot. Franc. 5 Rich. II. m 4.

1 Rymer's Fcedera, vol vii. p. 33z. m Rot. Franc 6 Rich. II. m. 25.

■ Anstis's Introduction to Regist. of the Garter, p. i©and 11.
» Rot. Franc 7 Rich. II. m. 15. p Rymer's Fcedera, vol. vii- p. 446.

1 Rot. Franc. 8 Rich. II. m. 12. r Claus. 8 Rich- II. m 27.

• H Knighton, p 2676. n. 60.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 251

and eight thousand archers) sent into Spain, with John of Gaunt
Duke of Lancaster, called King of Castile and Leon, in right of
Constance his wife; and then going t to recover her inheritance.

In 1391, be was sent, attended by two others, to conclude a
nv.al peace with King Charles VI. of France, when, (as we are
assured by Froissart) u u the daye before that they should depart
out of Parrs, the Kyng came to the palais . . . pnd there he made a
dinner to the Er.glysh Knightes, and caused Syr Thomas Percy
to sytte at his borde, (i. e. at his own table) and called hym
cosyn, by reason of the Northumberlande's bloud. At whych
dyner there was geven to Syr Thomas Percy, and to the Englyshe
Knyghtes and Squiers great gyftes and fayre jewels." Sir 1 nomas
Percy, was by his mother lineally descended from King Louis VIII.
of France j which the French Monarch did not fail to remember
on this occasion.

And meriting further favours, on Saturday, the feast of St.
Michael, in 1397, 21 Rich. II. he was created x by Patent Eaiu
of Worcester. In January following he was made Captain f
of the town and castle of Calais, as also of the marches belonging
thereto.

In the last year of King Richard's reign, upon the landing of
Henry Bolingbroke, when there was a general defection from that
unfortunate monarch, the Eatl of Worcester (as Carte has proved) 7
shewed a real concern for the King's misfortunes, but seeing no
remedy, broke his rod of office in the great hall of Flint Castle,
and dissolved the household, of which he was Steward. After-
ward when Bolingbroke assuming the government by the name
of Henry IV. had, among other officers, constituted his second
son, Thomas, (afterwards Duke of Clarence) High Steward of
England, previous to his coronation, which was celebrated on
October 13, 13pg, he nominated the Earl of Worcester deputy to
the said Thomas, who was then only about ten years of age, and
consequently not capable to determine the rights of those who
might claim service at that solemnity. Henry, resolving to let
the Pope (then Boniface IX.) and divers Christian Princes know,
by what right and title he had attained the sovereignty, sent this

r Froissard, p. 64. b.
" Froissart's Chronicle in Eng. Tom. II. fol. z\$ chap. 175 Fr. Edit.
Paris, 1574 vol. iv. chap. 24. p. 93.

x Tho. Wals. p 39:. Rot, Pari. 21 Rich. II- n Pat. 1 Hen. IV. p. 3.

rn 14. per Inspex y Rot. Franc 21 Rich. II. m. 6-

z Carte's Hist Eng. vol. ii p 6^4.

252 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Earl, a with Walter Skirlaw, Bishop of Durham, his Ambassadors
into France, to represent the same King Charles VI. He also
made h him one of the Commissioners to treat with the Ambas-
sadors of the said King of France, touching the sending back of
Isabel his daughter (second wife to the deposed King Richard)
with her jewels, whom Charles had required to be returned to
him. Likewise, King Henry being advertised of the French at-
tempts, and their covert designs, to foment the discontents of the
Gascons, occasioned by the deposal of King Richard, sent this
Earl of Worcester, with a goodly company of soldiers, into
Guienne, to aid Sir Robert Knolles his lieutenant there 5 and to
exhort and persuade the people to continue quiet, and in due alle-
giance to the English crown. And this Earl, as my ' author
saith,c so wisely entreated the Noblemen, and behaved so gently
and familiarly to the common people, that he not only appeased
their fury and malice, but brought them to a loving submission,
receiving of them oaths of obedience, and legal fealty.' There-
fore, on his return into England, he was received by the King
honourably, and with great thanks. Soon after, Queen Isabel
was sent over by the King, under the Earl of Worcester's con-
duct, accompanied with many honourable and noble men and
women. d He was the same year (1 Hen. IV.) one of the com-
missioners for ratifying e that truce, which had been made be-
twixt both realms in King Richard's time ; and the King consti-
tuted him Steward f of his household, as he had been to King
Richard.

In 3 Hen. IV. he was made s the King's Lieutenant through-
out all North- Wales, and South -Wales, for resistance of Owen
Glendour, then in arms. But the next year, 1403, notwith-
standing all this trust and favour from King Henry, he in his
heart commiserated the unfortunate state of his old master: and
considering the many benefits and high esteem he had from King
Richard, and the duty he owed to his lawful heir, Edmund Mor-
timer Earl of March, he deserted h the Prince's household (which
the King had specially committed to his trust) fled ' to bis bro-
ther the Earl of Northumberland j and combining with him,

■ Tho. WaU. p. 400 n. 40. b Rot. Franc. 1 Hen. IV. m. 3.
f Hall's Chron fol 15 b. «• Ibid fol- 16. a.

■ Rot. Franc 1 Hen. IV. m.4. '.Pat Hen. IV. pa m. 14.

* Pat 3 Hen- IV. m. 7. h Tho. Wals p. 407. n.30.

» Ibid p 408 n. 10.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 253

joined with his Nephew, Henry Percy, commonly called Hot-
spur, then in arms. Being seit by him, on July 22, to the
King* he is said to have received very ample concessions ; but
doubting the King's sincerity, he represented matters so, that his
Nephew was more exasperated, if possible, than before. A battle
immediately ensued, and Hotspur, after performing surprising
feats of valour, lost his life, with a great number of his followers,
as shall be more fully shewn hereafter. The Earl of Worcester
was taken prisoner, and soon after was beheaded at Shrewsbury,
near which place the battle had been fought. Thereupon, the
King sent a precept to the sheriff of London, k to receive his
head, from such person as shall bring it to him, and to fix it upon
London-bridge. He died without issue, having never been mar-
ried; and left a monument of his greatness in the tine castle at
Wressil in Yorkshire, which was built by him, ' and is now pos-
sessed by the Earl of Egremont. He is also commemorated an-
nually at Cambridge, among the benefactors to the university
library. Let us now return to his eldest brother.

Henry Percy, fourth Lord of Alnwick, (first Earl of Nor-
thumberland) was aged twenty-six at his father's death in 136'8:
but in his father's life he had already distinguished himself; for
in 33 Edw. III. (1359.) ne wa» m in that expedition then made
into France: likewise in n 37 Edw. III. At his father's decease,
in 1368, 42 Edw. III. doing his homage, he had ° livery of his
lands; and also within the compass of that year, was P at Calais
with King Edward, when he made peace with the French. He
was likewise sent, 4 with three hundred men, and a thousand
archers, into Poictou, to the relief of the marches there: and was
constituted r one of the wardens of the marches towards Scotland.
In 43 Edw. III. he was s again in the wars of France; having
then in his retinue * sixty men at arms (whereof himself and
twelve Knights were part of the number) forty-seven Esquires,
and a hundred archers on horseback; and was sent,u with others,
to take care of the town of Abbeville.

k Rymer's Foedera, vol. v ii. p. 321. 1 Lei. Itin. vol. i fol. 59

™ Rot. Vascon. 33 Edw. Ill- p. i.m. 16. «> Pat. 37. Edw. Ill p. 2, 26.

0 Rot, Fin. 42 Edw. III. m 5. »• Froissard, fol 146. b.

<i Ibid fol i^o. a. r Rot. Scoc. 42 Edw. III. m.4.

5 Rot. Franc 43 Edw. III. m 4, l Ex Autog penes Cleric. Pell.

u Barnes's Hist, of Edw. III. p. 769.

1*4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

In 47 £dw. HI; he x gave the King seven hundred and sixty
pounds, to have the custody of the castle of Mitford, and all the
lands in Northumberland,, and liberty of Tivedale, which did be-
long to David de Strabogie, Earl of Athol, deceased, during the
minority of Elizabeth and Philippa, the daughters and heirs to
that Earl: And in 1374, 48 Edw. III. he embarked with the
Dukes of Lancaster and Bretagne, v who, with a great army,
landed at Calais about the beginning of July, and marching
through the greatest part of France, made great havock, hoping
thereby to force the French to engage them. The Lord Percy
continued abroad with the Duke of Lancaster, until a truce was
concluded; in consequence of which, the said Duke, with this
Lord Percy, and others of the Peers, went on board, at Bourdeaux,
on July 8, 1370, and set sail for England. John Duke of Lan-
caster, nominal King of Castile, &c. and this Henry favoured z
Dr. John Wickliff, the famous reformer, by extolling his learning,
and integrity of life, which emboldened him much.

In 1377, 51 Edw. III. he was made a General of all those forces
which were sent to Calais, Ardes, Guisnes, and other places within
the realm of France, then in the King's possession j having then
of his own retinue b one hundred men at arms, and one hundred
archers; and a ready supply of two hundred men at arms, and two
hundred archers, all mounted on horseback.

But in that year he was in great danger of his life, by being
a favourer of Dr. John Wicklirf, who affirmed doctrines very dis-
agreeable to the clergy of that age. c

This Lord Percy being present, d as Marshal of England, at
the coronation of King Richard II. on July 16, 1377, he did his
homage e thereupon, and was the same day advanced f to the dig-
nity and title of Earl of Northumberland. In the patent of
his creation, which is still preserved among the records in the
Tower, I are many remarkable peculiarities ; for therein, it is not
only granted that the lands, of which he then stood seised, or

■ Pat. 47 Edw. 1 1 1. p.2.m 41.
r Barnes's Hist of Edw III p. 857. and Rot. Aim 47 Edw. Ill m 17.

z Compl. Hist, of England, vol i p 233.

• Rot Franc. 51 Edw. Ill m.3. »• Ex Autog penes Cleric Pell

c Barnes's History of Edw. III. p 903.

d Tho. Wals. p. 1 93 n. 20 & 95 n.40. Yp. Neust. p. 136. n.20.

e Rymer's Foedera, vol vii. p. 159.

f Tho. Wals p. 193. n. 20. & 95. n 40 Ypod. Neustr. p. 136 n. 20

* Cart. 1 Rich. II n. 3.

. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 255

which he should afterwards purchase, should be held sub /wnore
comitiali, and as parcel of his earldom ; but his earldom itself is
limited sibi et hcerediius suis in perpetuum; that is not to his
heirs male, but to his heirs general -, and, like a barony in fee,
transmissible, as it should seem, to a female.

Shortly after resigning u his Marshal's rod, he retired to his
command in Northumberland: And George Dunbar, eleventh
Earl of March and Dunbar, committing great disorders, and slay-
ing the inhabitants of Roxborough in Scotland, (then under the
power of the English) he raised : an army of ten thousand men,
and therewith marched into that kingdom ; and for three days to-
gether wasted the lands of the Earl of Dunbar with fire and,sword,
and then returned home.

In 5 Rich. II. he was again constiiuted k one of the Commis-
sioners for guarding the west marches ; and about that time, hav-
ing received command l to take special care of the castles and
garrisons in those parts, transmitted the same charge to Sir Mat-
thew Redman, Knt. his Lieutenant at Berwick. Sir Matthew
was so strict in observation of the commands then laid on him,
that, at the return of John Duke of Lancaster, aforesaid, out of
Scotland, he refused him entrance ; which caused so great an
animosity from the Duke towards this Earl, that upon a meeting
of most of the nobles at Berkhamsted in Hertfordshire, very sharp
words passed betwixt them in the King's presence. Thereupon
them Earl of Northumberland was arrested; but the Earls of
Warwick and Suffolk (William Beauchamp, and William D'Uf-
ford) undertaking for his appearance at the next parliament, he
had liberty to depart.

In 7 Rich. II. having been elected n one of the Knights of the
most noble order of the Garter, the King, requiring the attend-
ance of the Knights at the feast of St. George, bestowed on this
Earl, on John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster, aforesaid, Edmund of
Langley Earl of Cambridge, Thomas of Woodstock Earl of Buck-
ingham, and sixteen others, the robes of the Garter out of the
royal wardrobe; where in the list of them, the Earl of Northum-
land had the precedence of Thomas Mowbray Earl of Notting-
ham, and Earl Marshal. The same year, observing ° that the

Tho. Wals p. 197 n. 10. ' Stow, p 279.

k Rot Scoc 5 Rich. II. m. 2. ' Holinsh. Chron. in eodem an

m Ibid. n Anstis's Introduct. to the Register of the Ga ter, p. 10, M'<
e T. Wals. p. 356

256 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Scots had done much mischief in Northumberland, by their fre-
quent incursions, he marched into that realm, and repaid f them
in like manner. But before the end of that year, the Scots, i by
corrupting the deputy- governor of the castle of Berwick, possessed
themselves thereof. Of that misfortune, the Duke of Lancaster
(who had then a grudge towards him) made such advantage, that
upon complaint of it in parliament, he so far prevailed, as that
judgment of death, and loss of estate, was pronounced against this
Earl, in regard the trust thereof stood committed to him : but the
King, more favourable to him, remitted the execution of this
severe sentence. Thereupon, without delay, he prepared r for the
siege thereof j and after he had begirt it with his forces, the Scots
came to an agreement s with him, and in consideration of 2000
marks rendered it to him.

About 8 Rich. IL having married * to his second wife Maud,
sister and heir to Anthony Lord Lucy, and widow of u Gilbert de
Umfraville Earl of Anegos (or Angus) he joined with her in set-
tling x the castle and honour of Cockermouth, with a large pro-
portion besides of her great inheritance, by a fine levied in the
Octaves of St. John Baptist, and recorded in the Octaves of St.
Michael next following, upon himself and her, and the heirs male
of their two bodies, and for want of such issue, to the heirs of her
body , and in case she should die without issue, then to Henry
Lord Percy, his son and heir (begotten on his first wife) and to
the heirs male of his body j upon condition that he the said Henry >
and the heirs male of his body, should bear the arms of Percy,
viz. <( Or, a Lion rampant, Azure," quarterly, with the arms of
Lucy, viz. <( Gules, three Lucies, Argent," in all shields, banners,
ensigns, and coats of arms, whatsoever, where and whensoever
there should be occasion of bearing, and shewing forth their own
paternal arms. It was further stipulated, in case the said Henry
Lord Percy should depart this life without issue male, that then
Sir Thomas Percy, Knt. (brother to the Earl, and uncle to the
said Henry) and the heirs male of his body, should enjoy the same
castle, honour, &c. upon the like condition; and in default of
such issue, ,Sir Thomas Percy, Knt. second son to the said Earl,
and the heirs male of his body; with remainder to Sir Ralph
Percy, Knt. third son to the said Earl, and the heirs male of bis

p ?• Wals. p. 3 36. i Ibid, p 337. n. 10. & 20

' Ibid p. 337. n. 40. , ibid p. 346. n. 40.

1 Claus 1 2 Rich. 1 1 p 2 m 2. „ Monast. Angl vol ii. p. 97" a. n 60,

"Clays ut supra.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 257

body: but in case these conditions should not be performed, then
to remain to the right heirs of the said Maud. The agreement
was made in the presence of the King, and by his special com-
mand, as the record shews.

In the beginning of 1398, 21 Rich. II. he was one of the
twelve Peers, whom, in conjunction with six Commoners, the
parliament invested with the power of both houses, for the more
speedy dispatch of business. But about the end of April, 1399,
the King having suspicions instilled into him in prejudice of the
Earl of Northumberland, and being told that his Lordship, and
his son Henry (commonly called Hotspur) had spoken some
words in derogation of him, he sent for the Earl out of the North j
who neglecting to come, was proclaimed a traitor, and banished
the realm. Our historians relate, That King Richard, going into
Ireland, sent a pursuivant to the Earl of Northumberland, to
attend him with all the forces he could get together. Thereunto
the Earl returned answer, ■ That it was not safe to draw away
the strength of the north to go against the Irish, whom a less
force than what the King had with him was enough to subdue ;
and those countries would, by withdrawing the men, be exposed
to the injuries of the Scottish borderers, who waited all opportu-
nities, as the King well knew, to make their advantages of Eng-
land j and were no longer friends than till they had a fair occasion
to shew their enmity, with gain to themselves : that since there
was no guard appointed in his absence, he hoped the King would
be better advised than to require his attendance, which would be
a greater advantage to him at home than his service could profit
him abroad.' This modest answer made no impression on the
King, who had information given him that he was contriving an
insurrection in his absence] it being insinuated, that by his no£
complying with his command he was guilty of the accusation ,
Therefore the King confiscated his estate, and proclaimed him
and his associates traitors, and so departed into Ireland.

Such cruel and arbitrary treatment shown to a nobleman of
his high spirit, and so long distinguished for his public services,
no doubt excited him to take a very active and leading part in the
revolution which followed; and he, together with his martial son
Hotspur, had so eminent a hand in fixing the crown, (which
King Richard had, by his own arbitrary conduct, in a great mea-
sure thrust off his head) on the banished Bolingbroke, that in
Fordun's Scoti-Chronicon, this revolution is called the Conspiracy
of the Three Henries : i. e. of Henry Duke of Lancaster; Henry

VOL. II. S

258 PEERAGE OF ENGLANB.

Earl of Northumberland, and Sir Henry Percy, surnamed Hot-
spur.— However, the Earl of Northumberland himself always de-
clared (as we are assured by Harding the historian, who was then
his servant) f that be was deceived by Bolingbroke's oaths and
protestations, that he had no intention to depose King Richard :
and when the Earl was sent to Conway Castle to persuade Richard
to go with him to Bolingbroke, then at Flint, a person,2 who was
present, assures us, that Northumberland did not scruple to tell
the King of the errors of his government ; but entered into a most
solemn engagement, that the differences between him and Boling-
broke, &c. should be settled in parliament 5 and till the same
should be called, undertook for the safety of his person. In all
which, the Earl might deal very sincerely, a as he afterwards pro-
fessed in the most solemn manner.

In the parliament, which was afterwards assembled, King
Richard was deposed, and the Duke of Lancaster declared King,
by the name of Henry IV. Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of
Canterbury, having read the duties of a King, signed him with
the sign of the cross, and the King kissed the Archbishop. The
Earl of Northumberland, as Constable of England, taking the
ring, with which the Kings were wedded to the realm, shewed it
to the whole assembly, and then put it on the King's finger, and
the King kissed the Constable.

The Duke of Lancaster, being then proclaimed King, by the
name of Henry IV. acknowledging b the extraordinary merits and
services of this Earl, advanced c him to that great office of Con-
stable of England, to hold for term of life, and to exercise the
same by himself, or such his sufficient deputy, as he would answer
for. Next he gave d him and his heirs the Isle of Man, to e hold
by carrying the sword which he wore at his landing in Holder-
nesse, called Lancaster- sword (by themselves, or a sufficient and

* See a curious Account and Vindication of this Earl's Conduct, which
has never been printed, inserted in a MS copy of Harding's Chronicle in the
British Museum, at the end of his 196th chapter.

* The author of a very curious MS. account in French of this whole trans-
action, which is preserved among the Harl.MSS. No. 1319, of which some
curious extracts are given in Strutt's Regal Antiquities, p. 16, &c. 4to.

» Seethe above Narratives, which are very different from Carte's, and the
printed histories.

b Pat. 1 Hen IV. p. 1. m. 15. andRymer's Fcedera, vol.vhi. p. 89.
c Pat. 1 Hen. IV. p 1. m. 15. and Rymer's Fcedera, vol. viii. p. 89.

* Pat 1 Hen. IV. p. 5. m.35. Tho. Wals. p. 400. Pat. 7 Hen IV. p. *.
m. 18 per Inspex. e ibid.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 2bQ

honourable deputy) at the coronation of him, the said King
Henry, and the succeeding Kings of England, on their left hands.
Then he made him justice f of Chester ; and, after that, Con-
stable 8 of the Castles of Chester, Conway, Flint, and Caernarvon ;
and moreover,11 General-Warden of the west-marches towards
Scotland j as also Governor ' of the town and castle of Carlisle.
Likewise, in 1 Hen. IV. Charles VI. King of France, upon the
murder of King Richard II. in Pontefract Castle, wanting to
have his daughter Isabel to her native country, sent a solemn
embassy into England for that end; when the King gave them
for answer, he would send to Calais Commissioners to treat about
it j and thereupon this Earl was sent k into the country of Guisnes
on that business.

In 1402, 3 Hen. IV.1 the Scots under Patrick Hepburn the
Younger, having invaded England, and ravaged the borders, were in
their return met with and routed, at Nesbet, on June 22, by George
Earl of Dunbar and March, (who had left his country in disgust;)
and some historians add, that the Earl of Northumberland and Hot-
spur assisted in that defeat. ■ However that be, they gained a still
more brilliant victory in the following autumn, when Archibald
Earl of Douglas, to revenge their disasters, entered England with
an army of 12,000 men about the middle of August, and having
destroyed and plundered all the country as far as Newcastle, were
intercepted by the Earl of Northumberland and his son, n on his
return, at Homildon, near Woller in Northumberland, on Sept. 14;
when they obtained a signal victory, wherein Douglas lost an
eye, and was made prisoner, with several other persons of distinc-
tion. Thereupon the King ordered this Earl, Warden of the
west marches towards Scotland, ° not to set them at liberty for
any ransom.

In 4 Hen. IV. the King granted to him p and his heirs for his
good services in time past, and especially for his laudable conduct
in the late expedition against the Scots (when they were invading
this kingdom) the whole county of Douglas ; the vales of Esse-
dale, Lydesdale, and Lawaterdale [Lawderdale] ; the lordship of
Selkirk, and forest of Eteryk, late the possessions of William,
James, and Archibald Douglas; and all the lordships and lands,

f Pat. i Hen. IV". p. i. m. 8. e Ibid m. 16.

h Rot. Scoc. i Hen. IV. m. 13. i Ibid m. 14.

k Hall's Chron. fol. 16. ■ Tho. Wals. p. 40?. n. 40 p. 406. n. 10.

m ibid. n Ridpath's Border Hist. p. 370, 1.

• Rymer's Fcedera, vol. viii. p. 178. p Ibid. p.z8<j.

260 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

which Archibald (aforesaid) Earl of Douglas, and Joan his mo-
ther, held in Scotland, at the time of taking the said Earl prisoner
at Homildon Hill} except the lordship of Galloway, the town of
Annan, the whole county and lordship of Teviotdale, the castle
and town of Rokesburgh, the town of Old Rokesburgh, the
barony of Spraweston j and those baronies, lands, tenements, and
lordships, which belong to Ralph Nevil, late Lord Raby, John his
son, or Ralph (son of the said John) now Earl of Westmoreland,
in the said county of Teviotdale. But the same year (viz.
4 Hen. IV.) having been i at no small charge in the King's ser-
vice, and requiring such monies as were then due to him for the
wardenship of the marches, he received1" no satisfactory answer;
which, with other injuries, inflamed him with so much discon-
tent as at length wrought his own ruin. For

King Henry, not satisfied with the state of tranquillity which
he enjoyed on the part of Scotland, after the Earl of Northum-
berland's conquests at Homildon- hill, was eager and desirous to
share in the private gains of that victory ; * and therefore not
only forbade him to ransom his prisoners (as is already taken no-
tice of) but demanded of his Lordship such of them whose
redemptions would raise great sums. The Earl in his answer
observed, * That as it was most just, that they, who had under-
gone the danger of battle, should have all the advantages of prey
and prisoners; so it had been the custom of the Kings of England
to allow the lords of the north all advantages of the Scotch wars,
to encourage them in defending his dominions, and to make up
the damages of the continual depredations of that faithless people.'
The King, however, not only took the prisoners he had de-
manded but was so displeased with his Lordship, as not to suffer
him to come into his presence. The Earl of Northumberland,
having been signally instrumental in raising King Henry to the
throne, resented this severity to him, not only as a great injustice,
but great ingratitude ; and therefore resolved to revenge his wrong
upon the King himself ; whom, as he had set up, so he thought
lie had power enough to pull down ; commanding in his country
like a petty King, as several authors write. Thereupon he is
charged by historians that favoured the House of Lancaster, with
concerting the rebellion, which his son and brother entered into
in 1403, for deposing King Henry IV. and transferring the crown

i Lei. Col voir p. 387. ' Ibid.

• Complete History of England, vol. i p. 85. Hall &c.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 26l

to Mortimer Earl of March, then a boy, who was, no doubt, the
true heir by lineal succession. In pursuance of this design, his
eldest son, Sir Henry Percy, surnamed Hotspur, procured an aug-
mentation of his forces out of Scotland, by releasing Archibald
Earl of Douglas, and others of his captives, and by levies of men
out of several lordships adjoining to those parts; by which means
they raised a numerous and well appointed body of troops. They
declared, ' That King Henry, giving encouragement to calum-
niators and flatterers, their enemies, had entertained such an aver-
sion to them, that they durst not come into his presence, but by
the mediation of the Bishops. That though he was raised to the
throne for the good of the nation, yet he had played the tyrant,
and abused his trust 5 converting the money given by the parlia-
ment for the public defence, to his own private interest. There-
fore, for their own security, and to reform the government, they
had raised those forces, to reduce things into better course, both
for themselves and the nation.'

The King having no suspicion of their contrivances, and hav-
ing no visible enemy but the Welsh, had raised a powerful army
to reduce the latter; which gave him opportunity, when Hot-
spur's forces appeared, to be in a good condition to oppose them.
But considering a civil war would endanger his possession of the
crown, he chose to allay the discontents, by reply, ' That he
never had denied access to the Earl of Northumberland, the Lord
Percy his son, or any of the Lords of their party: that the monies
given by parliament were paid to the Earl of Northumberland; so
that their complaints were groundless.' The King was inclined
to wait their answer, but George Dunbar, Earl of March and
Dunbar, before-mentioned, telling him delays were dangerous,
put him upon hastening to them, to give them battle, which
proved of great advantage to King Henry; for the Earl of North-
umberland, being unfortunately indisposed, was not in a condition
to come to his son at Shrewsbury. The King, however, for the
consideration aforesaid, offered them pardon upon their own
terras; and Hotspur is said to have been so far wrought on,' that
he was willing to submit to King Henry, and sent his uncle,
Thomas Earl of Worcester, to have a conference with the King,
who was all condescension, and willing to end the matter ami-
cably • but the Earl of Worcester is reported to have misrepre-
sented the King's offers to his nephew ; who thereby was pro-
voked to give battle immediately, and bore down upon the royal
army with such irresistible impetuosity, that he was apparently

a62 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

on the point of causing a new revolution, when he was suddenly
slain by a random arrow, which decided the fate of this great con-
flict, fought at Battle-field near Shrewsbury, July 21, 1403.

The Earl of Northumberland, who is suspected to have been
only kept from joining his brother and son, by an indisposition,
which detained him at Berwick ; hearing of their defeat, and
that Ralph Neville Earl of Westmoreland was ready to oppose
his march to the southward, immediately retired to his castle at
Warkworth. The King afterwards went to York, whence he
sent his commands to the Earl of Northumberland to disband his
forces, and to come to him. The Earl obeyed his summons, and
dismissing his forces, attended at York, on August 11', with the
best apology he could make. The King received him coldly,
and with diffidence.4 It was thought proper to secure his per-
son, but not to proceed more harshly, lest all the north should
revolt to the Scots: he was afterwards released, with no other for-
feiture, except that of the Isle of Man, which had been given him
at the beginning of this reign : and which afterwards, on Oc-
tober 3, 1405, was conferred upon Sir John Stanley, ancestor to
the Earl of Derby.

It is said that the Earl of Northumberland had urged in his
defence, that his intentions in going towards his son at Shrews-
bury had been in order to reconcile him to the King : who ap-
pears to have accepted this excuse. However, on Friday, Fe-
bruary 18, 1403-4, the Earl came into the parliament-house
before the King," and the Lords ; and there, by his petition to
the King, acknowledged to have done against his allegiance ; and,
namely, by gathering power, and giving liveries : wherefore he
prayed pardon, and the rather, for that by the King's letters, he
yielded himself, and voluntarily came to the King at York.

The King delivered the petition to the justices, by them to be
considered : but thereupon the Lords made protestation that the
order thereof belonged to them : and so they, as peers of this
parliament, to whom such judgment belonged, weighing the sta-
tute of 25 Edw. III. touching treasons, and the statutes of liveries
made in the King's time, adjudged the same to be no treason, nor
felony, but only a trespass fineable to the King.

For which judgment, the Earl of Northumberland gave great
thanks to the King and Lords: and, at his own request, he, the

1 Sec Carte's Hist vol. ii. p. 659.
u Cotton's Abridgment of the Parliament Rolls, &c. p. 426.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 263

said Ear], was then sworn to be true liegeman, &e. then the King
pardoned him his fine and ransom.

On Saturday, the commons gave great thanks to the King, in
full parliament, for the favour shewed to the Earl of Northumber-
land. The same day, at the request of the commons, the King
commanded the Earl of Northumberland, and Ralph Neville
Earl of Westmoreland, in token of perfect amity, to kiss each
other in open parliament, and to take each other by the hand
thrice, which they did ; and so often they kissed each other, and
promised that their tenants, and men, should do the like.

On Friday, February 22, at the request of the commons, the
Earls of Northumberland and Dunbar, in token of amity, before
the King and Lords, in full parliament, took each other by the
hand, and kissed each other.

The same day, at the request of the commons, the King, in
full parliament, affirmed the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Duke
of York, the Earl of Northumberland, and other Lords, which
were suspected to be of the confederacy of Sir Henry Percy, to
be his true liegemen ; and that they, nor any of them, should be
impeached therefore, by the King, or his heirs at any time
ensuing.

But the Earl was so affected with the death of his gallant son,
and afterwards found himself so much slighted by the King, be-
ing also probably moved with remorse in having been accessary to
the raising King Henry to the throne, that in 1405, 6 Hen. IV.
he took advantage x of the discontents of Thomas Moubray Earl
Marshal, and Richard Scrope Archbishop of York, and entered
privately into their conspiracy -, which, however, being defeated
by the artful management of the earl of Westmoreland, and the
Archbishop and Earl Marshal being beheaded, the Earl of
Northumberland retired to Berwick, with the Lord Bardolph his
associate.

King Henry followed them, on whose approach the Earl of
Northumberland finding that he could not support Berwick, of
which he was governor, did, together with Lord Bardolph, take
refuge y in Scotland, carrying with them his grandson and heir,
young Henry Percy (only son of Hotspur) then a boy of about
ten years of age. In the mean time the King became master of
Warkworth, Alnwick, and Berwick, with other castles in North*
umberland, belonging to the Earl.

* Ypod. Neustr. p. 173. n. 50. & 174.
y Ibid. n. 30 40. & 50 & 175.

264 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

The King, upon his return to London, having called a par-
liament to meet at Westminster, on March 1, next year (1406)
told them how turbulent the Earl of Northumberland had been 5
that he had been the instrument of two rebellions; and that he
could never hope for any security so long as he was alive ; for
though he was in Scotland, he was near his own friends in the
north, and among the King's enemies, the Scots; who, if not out
of love to the Earl, yet, out of hatred to him and the English,
would take any opportunity to disturb his peace. These thoughts
gave King Henry such uneasiness, that he proposed, by his emis-
saries, to some Scotch Lords, whose friends and relations were
then prisoners in England, to set them at liberty without ransom,
if they would procure the Earl of Northumberland, and the Lord
Bardolf, to be delivered into his hands. The said Lords, in com-
passion to the distressed situation of their friends, readily listened
to King Henry's proposal : but David Malcolm Lord Fleming,
who had entertained the noble exiles at his own house, hearing
of the design, gave them notice of it, and assisted them to retire
into Wales, to their friend Owen Glendour. After some stay
there,2 the Earl went into France and Flanders, to collect aid
against King Henry; but meeting with no success, he returned
again into Scotland. At length, entering England, he recovered
many of his own castles and lordships, before the King could op-
pose him. These prosperous beginnings encouraged the Earl to
go on to Thirsk, a where he published a proclamation, ' That he
came to relieve the English nation from their many and unjust
oppressions; and required all persons that loved the liberty of
their country, to resort to him immediately, with their weapons
and armour to assist him." The contemporary Scottish his-
torians,b (who might have it from the Earl of Northumberland
himself) affirm, that he received the strongest invitations and
promises of assistance from Rokehy, the then Sheriff of York-
shire, who had been one of his friends j and that, allured by
this encouragement, he was induced to make this descent with a
slight force hastily collected j when he was suddenly assaulted by
the Sheriff above-mentioned, armed with the Posse Comitatus,
which in those rude times was formidable: and thus on Bramham
Moor,c near Haslewood, and not far from Weatherby, on Feb.

1 Hall's Chronicle, fol 28. b. Stow, p. $$%. Speed, &c.

• Tho. Wals. p. 417, 419. b vid. Fordun Scoti-Chronicon.

c Ibid, n 20.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 265

29th, 1407-8, after a sharp fight, the Earl was slain : on which
they cut offd his head, then white with age, and sent it to Lon-
don, with that of Lord Bardolf, who died of his wounds, after
being prisoner. It was there set upon the bridge on a pole, and
his body was divided into four parts, whereof e one was placed
upon a gate in London, another at Lincoln, a third at Berwick
upon Tweed, and the fourth at Newcastle upon Tyne . but in
May following they were all taken down, and by the King's spe-
cial precept f delivered to his friends, to be solemnly buried in
consecrated ground. As for Rokeby, the King rewarded his ser-
vices by a grant of the Earl's manor of SporTord, and seized on the
rest of his forfeited estate.

This great Earl had two wives ; the first was Margaret,
daughter of Ralph (and sister of John) Lord Neville of Raby,
whom he married at her father's castle at Brancepeth, July 12,
1358, when she was aged only seventeen. 8 She had in her infancy,
about 1343, been contracted to William Lord Ros of Hamelake;
but he died in 26 E. 3. (1352.) when she was only eleven years
of age. h This Lady never lived to be Countess of Northumber-
land, for she died on May 12, 1372,' in the 46th of Edw. III.
five years before he was created Earl.

His second wife wras Maud (already taken notice of) sister
and heir of Anthony Lord Lucy, and widow of Gilbert Ura^
fraville Earl of Angusj whom he married about 1385, and who
died before him, without issue.

By his first Lady he had issue,

First, Sir Henry Percy, commonly called Hotspur, of whom
hereafter.

Second, Sir Thomas Percy, Knight, who took to wife Eliza-
beth, the eldest of the two daughters and coheirs of David de
Strathbogie Earl of Athol, (who, with her sister, had been wards
to his father;) and in 1 Rich. II. k had livery of that purparty of
the inheritance, which Mary de St. Paul, Countess of Pembroke,
held in dower during her life, after the death of Aymer (or Ado-
mare) de Valence Earl of Pembroke, her husband.

This second son of the first Earl of Northumberland, who was,
usually stiled Sir Thomas Percy of Athol, Knight, died in Spain,
in or before 11 Rich. II. (1388.) and his widow about two years

** Vid. Fordun Scoti-Chronicon. n. 20. e Claus. 9 Hen IV. m 10.

* Ibid. t Litt- Ped- Roll. h Dugd. Bar I. p. 294. 550.

» Litt. Ped. Roll. * Rot. Fin. 1 Rich. II. p. 1. m. 28.

266 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

after, married Sir John Scrope,1 having issue by her first husband
two sons, viz. first, Sir Henry Percy of Athol, Knt. and second,
Thomas Percy, (called by some the eldest son) who died at Car-
lisle in his youth.1" As for this Sir Henry Percy of Athol, Knt.
he was governor of Alnwick Castle under his grandfather in
1405," and escaping the ruin of his family, lived to the llth
Henry VI when he died 25 October 1433,° having issue, by
Elizabeth his wife, (daughter of Sir Matthew Bruce of Gower, p
and widow of Robert Lord Scales) who died in 1440, i 18 Hen. VI.
only two daughters his coheirs, viz. first, Elizabeth Percy, mar-
ried to Thomas Burgh, Esq. (ancestor of the Lords Burgh) and
afterwards to Sir William Lucy, Knight: second, Margaret Percy,
married first to Henry Lord Grey of Codnor, (by whom she had
no issue) and afterwards to Sir Richard Vere, Knight. r

Third, Sir Ralph Percy, Knight, who distinguished himself at
the battle of Otterburn, along with his brother Hotspur in 12
Rich. II. And in 14 Rich. II. was constituted s one of the Com-
missioners to treat with those from France and Scotland, for ob-
servance of the truce formerly made betwixt England and those
two realms j lastly, in 18 Rich. II. he had a grant * of the custody of
Berwick upon Tweed, to himself, and the heirs male of his body.
He had to wife Philippa, the youngest of the two daughters and
coheirs of David de Strathbogie Earl of Athol \ but died without
issue, being slain abroad by the Saracens in 1 Hen. IV. when he
was found seised of the manor of Dronfelde in Com. Derb. which
he had of the grant of Ralph Lord Cromwell of Tatteshall, to
him and the heirs of his body; with remainder to the said Ralph
Lord Cromwell.11 His widow married Sir John Halsham, Knt.*
To these three sons some genealogists y add,

Fourth, Alan Percy, and

Fifth, Margaret Percj', who are said to have both died young.
We now return to

Sir Henry Percy, Knight, (commonly called Hotspur)
eldest son and heir of the first Earl of Northumberland. He was

1 Vincent upon Brooke, sub Athol, Northumb. and Worcester.

• Wynne's MS- Genealog. •> Harding's Chron.

Escaet u Hen. VI. p Sandford's Geneal. Hist. p. in. Ed. 1707.

1 Escaet. 18 Hen- VI. « Vincent upon Brooke ubi supra.

» Rot. Scoc 14 Rich II. m 2. t Pat. 18 Rich. II. p 1 m. 16.

u Collins's 1st Edit. * Vincent libi supra-

Vincent upon Brooke, &c.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 267

born May 20, 1364; z and very early displayed those martial
talents which had consecrated his name in history, as one of the
greatest chieftains of this nation.

Having received knighthood on July 16, 13/7, a a* the coro-
nation of King Richard II. when his father was created Earl of
Northumberland ; this young hero is said to have t( first spread
his banner" under his father at the storming of Berwick, in
2 Rich. II. when he was only fourteen, " doing so valiantlie, that
he deserved singular commendation." b From that time he so
continually exerted himself against the enemies of his country^
that from the furious heat of his incursions, the Scots called him
Hotspur; c and by a very unusual confirmation, his own friends
and countrymen adopted the appellation, and made it their own.
He was, indeed, what an old historian d says of him, the pattern
of all virtue and martial prowess.

In 7 Rich. II. hee was in commission with his father to re-
ceive from Robert Stuart King of Scotland, 24,000 English marks
for the balance due of King David Bruce's ransom : and in
8 Richard II. was constituted f one of the commissioners for
guarding the marches towards Scotland.

In Q Rich. II. he * was constituted Governor of Berwick, and
Warden of the marches toward Scotland. Having rendered him-
self truly famous for his military skill and valour, he was, before
the end of that year, sent to Calais, on intelligence that Charles VI.
King of France had a purpose to besiege it: and having staid
there some time,11 without any action, grew so impatient, that
he made several excursions into Picardy, and the parts adjacent,
whence he brought much booty. After that, seeing no likelihood
of any siege there, he returned back into England.

In 11 Rich. II. having been1 elected Knight of the Gar-
ter, the King, in order to his attendance on him at the feast of
St. George, caused to be delivered to him out of his wardrobe, a
surcoat of white cloth; and bestowed the like on twenty-one
other Knights of the Garter; among whom were the Earl of
Northumberland, and Sir Thomas Percy, Knight, afterwards Earl
of Worcester. But that year, there being those at court who

z Collectanea Tho. Butler, Arm. * Dug. Bar.

b Holingshed, Ed. 2 p. 421. c Knighton, Col. 2696.

41 Walsingh. p. 350. e Rymer, vol vii. p. 415

' Rot. Scoc. 8 Rich. II m. 9. e Ibid. 9 Rich. II. m 6.

h Ibid, p 350. n 20 & 30. Et Ypod Neust- p. 143 m. 40.

1 Anstis's Regist. of the Garter, Introduc vol. ii. p- 1 1, 12.

268 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

envied the fame he had gained by his valour against the Scots,
caused k the King to send him to sea, there to repel the French,
who threatened an invasion : which service he readily l under-
took, and returned with much honour.

In 1388, 12 Rich. II. a party of Scots, under James second
Earl of Douglas, m invaded the east marches of England, and con-
tinued their depredations almost without resistance, until they
were attacked by this gallant Lord Percy, at Otterbourne near
Elsdon in Northumberland.

Of this rencounter, (of which Froissartn has left a very mi-
nute relation, too long to be here inserted) we shall prefer the
more contracted account inserted by Carte in his history, with
the remarks thereon, given in the introduction to, the curious old
Historical Ballad on this subject, printed in the Reliciues of
ancient English Poetry,0 viz.

- " The Scots taking advantage of the confusion of this

nation, and falling with a party into the west marches, ravaged
the country about Carlisle, and carried off three hundred pri-
soners. It was with a much greater force, headed by some of
the principal nobility, that in the beginning of August, they in-
vaded Northumberland : and having wasted part of the county of
Durham, advanced to the gates of Newcastle; where, in a skir-
mish, they took a penon, or colours, belonging to Henry Lord
Percy, surnamed Hotspur, son to the Earl of Northumberland.
In their retreat home, they attacked the castle of [Eldon, near]
Otterbourn: and in the evening of August Q (as the English
writers say, or rather, according to Froissart, August 15) after an
unsuccessful assault were surprised in their camp, which was
very strong, by Henry, who at the first onset put them into a
good deal of confusion. But James Earl of Douglas rallying his
men, there ensued one of the best fought actions that happened
in that age; both armies shewed the utmost bravery: the Earl of
Douglas himself being slain on the spot; the Earl of Murray
mortally wounded; and Hotspur, with his brother Ralph Percy,
taken prisoners. These disasters on both sides have given occa-
sion to the event of the engagement's being disputed; Froissart
(who derives bis relation from a Scotch Knight, two gentlemen

k Tho. Wals. p. 357. Rot. Franc, n Rich. II. m. 21. ' Ibid.

™ Tho. Wals. p. 366. n. 3c & 40. H. Knighton, p. 27*8. n. 50 & 60. Ypod,
Neust. p. 149. n 30, '• Chron. fol. 150. b.

0 Third Edit. 1775, vol. i. p. 18.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 26cj

of the same country, and as many of Foix) affirming that the
Scots remained masters of the field ; and the English writers in-
sinuating the contrary. These last maintain that the English had
the better of the day : but night coming on, some of the northern
Lords, coming with the Bishop of Durham to their assistance,
killed many of them by mistake, supposing them to be Scots ;
and the Earl of Dunbar at the same time falling on another side
upon Hotspur, took him and his brother prisoners, and carried
them off while both parties were lighting. It is at least certain,
that immediately after this battle, the Scots engaged in it made
the best of their way home: and the same party was taken by
the other corps about Carlisle." The Editor of the Reliques,
&c. suspects this account as partial, and prefers Froissart's narra-
tive, which ascribes the advantage to the Scots. He likewise
takes notice, that Froissart says, that both the parties of Scots,
mentioned by Carte, entered England at the same time, but the
greater part by the way of Carlisle: and that the English, at the
battle of Otterbourne, greatly exceeded the Scots in number; but
that the latter had the advantage of the ground, and were also
fresh from sleep, while their antagonists were greatly fatigued
with their very long previous march. He also remarks, the
Froissart says he had his information from two Squires of Eng-
land, and from a Knight and a Squire of Scotland ; and obs rves,
that this Henry Lord Percy was (after a very sharp conflict)
taken by John Lord Montgomery, whose son, Sir Hugh, was
killed in the action. °

Sir Henry Percy's captivity in Scotland was but of short con-
tinuance; for he paid such a ransom to Montgomery, that the
latter built therewith his castle at Punoon, which was taken
down but very lately, and of which some small ruins still remain.
It may be proper here to add, that the very ancient and respect-
able family of Douglas of Cavers heretofore hereditary Sheriffs
of Tiviotdale) have in their possession an old silken flag or banner,
which they believe to have been Hotspur's penon, above-men-
tioned : but we have been informed, by a person who was ad-
mitted by the present most hospitable and worthy proprietor to
inspect it that it appeared to him to be no other than an ancient
standard of the Earls of Douglas themselves: for it is inscribed
with their own motto 3fanwi0 cTrrp[ere]; p (which is only obsolete
spelling for Jamais Arriere); and it is adorned with their own

0 See also Scott's Border Minstrelsy, I 57-
p These three letters haye been effaced by time and wear.

2;o PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

insignia, viz. the Bloody Heart, &c« It is true, there is also a
White Lion introduced, which, if it has relation to any badge of
the Percys, may have been inserted in defiance of that family, as
if this trophy was wrested from them, according to the fantastic
laws of chivalry.

Sir Henry Percy, after his redemption, was again constituted i
Warden of the east marches, in 12 Rich. II. and signed, among
other great men, ! that letter, dated May 26, sent to Pope Urban VI.
concerning the exorbitances and incroachments of the apostolical
see. Being again at Calais, he made several excursions s towards
Boulogne; and from thence went1 to Brest in Brittany, where
he first raised u the siege of that place, and after won two bastiles
there; one of timber, which he demolished, and another of stone,
which he better fortified. Also the same year, 1389, ne was
madex General Warden of the west marches, and soon after y of
the east marches; and Governor of Carlisle. He was likewise,
that year, retained z to serve the King, both in times of peace
and war, from January 2, during his whole life 3 for which he
had a grant a of 100/. per annum out of the Exchequer.

In 16 Rich. IL heb was constiiuted Governor of Bourdeaux;
and being c recalled from Calais, was again made Warden of the
east marches ; d as also Governor of Berwick. Likewise the
same year, on May 6, the King appointed him Judge of a tilt-
ing,e that was to be at Carlisle, on June 21, between Richard de
Redemane, and William de Haliburton a Scotchman.

In 17 Rich. II. he f was one of the Commissioners to treat
about a peace : also in 18 Rich. II. was again 3 commissioned to
treat with Robert III. King of Scotland, about a peace; and a
truce was at last concluded for four years.

In 1396, 20 Rich. II. he wenth with the King into France;
at which time there was a most splendid and chargeable * inter-
view, in October, between him and Charles VI. King of France,
in the parts of Calais and Guisnes; King Richard, on the 3 1st
of that month, espousing the Princess Isabel, daughter of the said
King of France, in St. Nicholas's church at Calais.

1 Rot. Scoc. 12 Rich. II. m. 5. r Rymer's Fcedera, vol. vii. p. 672, 674.

» H. Knighton, p. 7678. n- 30. « Ibid. p. 2696 n- 10. & 20.

u H. Knighton, p. 2696. n. 10. & 20. * Rot. Scoc. 13. Rich. 10. m. 1

r Ibid. m.2. ■ Pat. 14 Rich. II. p 2. m. 38 per Inspex.

• Ibid b Wals. p. 389. n 10. * Ypod. Neust. p. 132.

d Rot. Scoc. 16 Rich. II. m. 2. « Rymer, vol. vii. p. 745.

f Rot. Scoc. 17 Rich II. m. 3. t Rymer, vol. vii. p. 786, 793.

h Rot. Franc. 19 Rich. II. m. 14. * Speed's Chron. p. 618.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 27 1

In July, 1399, 23 Rich- EL being k General Warden of the
east marches, he and his father1 met Henry Duke of Lancaster
at his landing in Holdernesse; and was assisting in the dc-posal
of King Richard, and placing the crown on the Duke of Lan-
caster, by the stile of King Henry IV. At which time Hotspur
is, by a foreigner, who has left an account of that whole trans-
action, said to have been esteemed the most valiant and approved
Knight in England."1

This Sir Henry Percy, having, with his father (the Earl of
Northumberland) been the chief that settled the crown on that
Prince, was in the first year of his reign constituted n Warden of
the west marches, Sheriff0 of Northumberland, Governor p of the
town of Berwick, and castle of Rokesburgh, Justice ^ of Chester,
North-Wales, and Flintshire. He also had a grant '' of the castle
and lordship of Bamburgh, with the fee-farm of that town, for
term of life. He was likewise s made Constable of the castles of
Chester, Flint, Conway, and Caernarvon} and Sheriff of Flint-
shire for life; and obtained a grant1 of the whole county, and
dominion of Anglesey: as also of the castle of Beaumarys, with
the manors, lands, fee-farms, and rents thereto belonging ; to
hold also for term of his life.

In 3 Hen. IV. u he was with his father in the memorable
battle with the Scots at Homildon, where the English obtained
the victory before-mentioned, which is ascribed by our historians x
to the courage of Hotspur, and his archers.

But soon after the scene was changed ; for this stout -v and
high-spirited Lord, through the solicitation of his uncle Thomas
Percy Earl of Worcester, conspiring against King Henry, came
to a fatal end, as before recited. It is said by Leland,2 that he
raised a great part of his army in the marches towards Scotland,
under colour of advancing into that realm; and that all his sol-
diers wore. King Richard IPs cognizance, viz. an Hart: and that
Hotspur, hearing of the King's approach to Shrewsbury, though
inferior in numbers, resolved to fight, saying to his soldiers,
" Stand to it valiantly; for this day will either advance us all, if

k Rot, Scoc. 23 Rich. II. m. 5. ! Wals. p. 395. n.30.

■ Harl. MSS. 13 19, 68. b. n Rot Scoc- 1 Hen. IV. m.14.

o Rot. Fin. 1 Hen. IV.m.31. p Rot Scoc. ut supra.

1 Pat. 1 Hen. IV. p. 1. m. 8. r Ibid, m. 12.

» Ibid. p. 4. m. 6. * Pat. 1 Hen. IV. p. 1. m. 7.

■ Tho. Wals. p 405. n.40. * Speed, p. 628. Stow, Sec

r Wals. p. 407. * Lei Col. vol.i p. 388. • Ibid.

273 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

we conquer, or free us from the King's power, if we be over-
come; it being more honourable to fall in battle for the public
good, than after the fight to die by the sentence of an enemy."
In these sentiments all his army b (which was to the number of
fourteen thousand choice men, who had resolved to live and die
with him) cheerfully concurred.

Both sides being thus prepared, c the Abbot of Shrewsbury,
and Clerk of the privy seal, were sent by the King to offer pardon
to this stout Lord, in case he would lay down his arms.

Thereupon he sent d his uncle Thomas Percy Earl of Worcester
(as is commonly believed) to the King, to let him know the cause
of their hostile appearance, and to require effectual satisfaction.
But that Earl is reported, by misrepresenting the King's expres-
sions, to have exasperated his nephew ; so that the battle forth-
with began, and was fought e with extraordinary courage on both
sides j insomuch as, great slaughter ensuing, many of King
Henry's partizans forsook f the field, supposing he was slain, as
divers persons, armed like him, had been; for both Hotspur him-
self, 8 and the before-mentioned Archibald Earl of Douglas, bad
bent their principal aim at the person of King Henry, with their
swords and lances furiously making towards him.

Those circumstances being discerned11 by the aforesaid Earl
of March and Dunbar, he withdrew the King from his station,
whereby his life was then saved; for they slew his Standard-
bearer, and those who were with it; and missing the King, most
desperately charged into the midst of their enemies, where Hot-
spur, the best Captain * among the King's adversaries, suddenly
fell, although by what hand was never known. His death im-
mediately occasioned an utter rout of his whole party; in which
the Earl of Douglas was taken ; and likewise the Earl of Wor-
cester, which last was beheaded.

This courageous nobleman, Henry Lord Percy, then called
only Sir Henry Percy, Knight, (surnamed Hotstur) k married
Elizabeth, daughter ' to Edmund Mortimer Earl of March, by
Philippa m his wife, only daughter and heir of Lionel Plantagenet
Duke of Clarence, second surviving son of King Edward III.

•» Lei. Coll. vol I p. 388. c Ibid. d Ibid.

« Tho. Wals- p. 409. n. 30. ' Ibid. e Ibid.

* Tho. Wals. p. 409. n. 30. •, Hall's Chron. fol. ai.

k Descent of Nobility, by Henry Chiting, Lancaster Herald, MSS-

Monast. Angl. vol, ii- p a*8. a. n. 30. m Jekyl's Barones Extincti. MS.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 273

And by her left an only son, Henry, afterwards second Earl of
Northumberland 3 and one daughter, Elizabeth, first n married
to John Lord Clifford, and after his death to° Ralph Nevil, se-
cond Earl of Westmoreland, of that family.

On October 8, 1403, 5 Hen. IV. the King ordered the said
Elizabeth, wife of Sir Henry Percy, deceased, to be arrested, and
brought before him, p to answer such questions as should be de-
manded of her by the said King. This great Lady, who was born
at Uskc, J 2 February, 13/ 1 , *i is said to have married to her
second husband Thomas Lord Camoisr who figured in the wars
of France in the third and fourth years of King Henry V. s She
was living in 5 Henry V. when she had livery of the manor of
Newburn, settled upon her for term of life by the first Earl of
Northumberland, l her late husband's father.

Henry Percy, second Earl of Northumberland, (son of
Sir Henry Percy, surnamed Hotspur, who died before his father,
the first Earl) was born Feb. 3, 13Q3. • He, after his father's
death, was carried by his grandfather into Scotland about the
year 1405, and was at first placed along with the Prince (after-
wards King James I.) in the university of St. Andrew's, then
newly founded. x Afterwards, when the Prince in his passage to
France fell into the hands of the English, this young heir of the
Percy family still continued to receive his education at St. An-
drews; and after the death of his grandfather, and the confiscation
of all his patrimony, (which was granted to Prince John, after-
wards Duke of Bedford) he continued under the protection of
the Duke of Albany, Regent of Scotland; and is said to have
experienced so much kindness and hospitality there during his
nonage, that he ever afterwards shewed himself extremely favour-
able and grateful to the Scottish nation, t

In this state of exile he continued till the reign of that gene-
rous and heroic Prince King Henry V. who, soon after his acces-
sion to the crown, was inclined to restore him to all the honours
and patrimony of his ancestors; being moved not only with com-
passion z for the hapless estate of this young nobleman, and by

n Ex Autog. in Castro de Skipton-

• MS. penes W. Pierpoint. Rot Pip. 5 Hen. VI Westm,

p Rymer, vol. viii. p. 334 1 Mon. Ang.

r Excaet. 9 H- <;. s Le Neve's MS. penes Tho Astle Arm.

* Dudg. Bar Claus. 5 H V p. 2. m. 9. u Cavell's Ped Roll.

x Fordun Scoti-Chronicon. r Ibid. z Walsingham Hist.

VOL. II. T

2/4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

their being both descended from common ancestors, but also in-
fluenced by the intercessions of his aunt Joan, Countess of West-
moreland, whose daughter, the Lady Eleanor Neville, young
Percy had married, (as an old writer a expresses it) " in coming
into England." This countenances the story of this young noble-
man, as given in the poem intitled, The Hermit of Wark-
worth j b allowing only for a few poetic liberties: for whereas
he is there represented to have married this young Lady in the
chapel of the Hermitage j it is upon record, that wherever they
were contracted, their marriage was indeed celebrated at Berwick
upon Tweed. c

It appears by Cotton's Abridgment of the Rolls of Parliament,
p. 540, that this young Earl presented a petition in the parliament
held Nov. 11,2 Hen. V. 141 4, setting forth, f That being within
age, and prisoner in Scotland, the King had enabled him to be
Earl of Northumberland, notwithstanding any the forfeiture of
Henry his father, or Henry his grandfather ; he therefore prayeth
a general restitution to them in blood, and to all their heredi-
taments, which were entailed} with free entry into all the same;
saving to the King all the lands in fee simple. Thereupon the
King granted all to the same ; so as he, the said Henry, before
his entry into any of the said lands, do first, by matter of record,
prove in the chancery, the lands entailed ; saving as before."

In 3 Hen. V. the King d sent the Lord Grey of Codnor, and
Sir John Neville, to bring him out of Scotland into England.
And in the parliament holden at Westminster, March lf3, in that
year, e he did his homage to the King, sitting in his chair of
state, before the Bishops, Lords, and Commons j in such wise a*
other Peers do. The same year, the King, in regard that his
brother, John Duke of Bedford, had possession of his whole inhe-
ritance/ gave unto that Duke, in recompence thereof, an annuity
of 3000 marks j one thousand to be paid out of his Exchequer,
and the other two out of his receipt of his dutchy of Cornwall t
until he should settle other lands upon hirn> and his heirs, of an
equivalent value.

In 1416, 4 Hen. V.I he sat in the parliament holden at West-
minster, on October 19, as Earl of Northumberland 1 and the

• Harl. MSS. No. 69. (26) Antiq. Repository, It p. no.

b London, 4to, 1773, 3d Edit.

c Litt. Ped. Roll Peeris Metrical Hist. MS.

a Pat 3 Hen. V. p. 2. m. 6. e Cotton, p. 54$.

•' Pat. 3 Hen. V. p. 2. m. 27. « Cotton, p. 549.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 2/5

same year, was b constituted General Warden of the marches to-
wards Scotland ; and was ' also retained to serve the King in his
expedition that year into France. Likewise before the end of the
year, he was, on Dec. 8, 14 1 6, 4 Hen. V. k commissioned to
receive sufficient security for the return of James I. King of
Scotland into England ; or on failure thereof, for the payment of
100,000 marks, according to certain indentures, made between
the King and the said King James. He was also impowered l
to grant letters of safe-conduct to such persons as should come to
the same King James.

On June 7, 14J7, 5 Hen. V. being thenm Warden of the east
marches towards Scotland, he was commissioned to treat with the
Scots about a truce; and afterwards, the same year," was again
in the wars of France with the King; who, about the end of
July, took ship at Portsmouth,0 and landing in Normandy, con-»
quered the greatest part of that province. In 1418, rj Hen.V*
he continued in the wars of France, p

On April /, 1421, the King signified to this Earl,** and to
Ralph Neville Earl of Westmoreland, that he was preparing to go
into Normandy, and other parts of France; and in confidence of
their loyalty and care, commissioned them to summon such per,
sons as they should think proper, in the North and West Ridings
of Yorkshire, and to treat with them about a loan of money, to
be paid before the first of May. Likewise, in consideration of
his special services, he had by privy seal, dated June 3, 1421,
g Hen. V. a grant of the government of the town of Berwick
upon Tweed, as also of the Wardenship of the east marches to-
wards Scotland, for two years, from the 11th of April last past;
with an annual stipend of 5,000/. in time of war, and 2,500/. in
time peace. But before the expiration of that term, ther King
died at Bois le Vincens, on August 31, 1422.

On February 14, 1423-4, he* was commissioned to treat with
the same James King of Scotland, or his Commissioners about a
truce; which was concluded at Durham (to hold for seven years,
from March 28, 1424, 2 Hen. VI.) and the Earl of Northumber-
land was one of the Conservators thereof, with the Duke of Glou-
cester, aforesaid, the Protector: and by commission, dated the

Rot Scoc. 4 Hen V. m. 8. ■ Ex Autog penes Cleric Pell.

k Rymer, vol.ix. p 417. » Ibid, p.418.

tt Rot Franc 5 Hen V. m 13. a Rymer, p. 458.

• Hall's Chron. fol.55, & seq. P Rymer, p. 595.

Ibid, vol x. p. 96. * Ibid. p. 253. s Rymer, p 329, & seq.

276 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

same day, March 28, he f was impowered to conduct the King of
Scotland from Durham into his own kingdom.

In 3 Hen. VI. he, for the better" confirmation of the dignity
of Earl of Northumberland, obtained a charter of creation there-
unto, with the yearly fee of 20/. " Nomine Comitis," out of the
profits of that county.

In 12 Hen. VI. hex obtained licence of the King to environ
the town of Alnwick with an imbattled wall of stone, and to erect
such defensible turrets thereon, as he should judge most expedient.
In 1436, according to Hector Boethius, was fought the battle
of Pepperden, not far from the Cheviot Hills, between the Earl
of Northumberland and Earl William Douglas of Angus, with a
small army of about four thousand men each, in which the latter
had the advantage: as this seems to have been a private conflict
between these two great Chieftains of the borders, rather than a
national war, it has been thought to have given rise to the cele-
brated old Ballad of Chevy Chace; which, to render it more pa-
thetic and interesting, has been heightened with tragical incidents
wholly fictitious, y

In the 21 Hen. VI. (1443.) this Earl gave the advowson of
the Rectory of ArnclifTe in Craven z in the county of York, (with
leave to impropriate the same) and three acres of land there, to
the Master and Fellows of University College in Oxford, to the
end that the said Fellows should always have and chuse into their
college Three Bachelors or Masters of Arts of the Dioceses of
Durham, Carlisle, and York, to make proficiency in divinity
among them, and be accounted as Fellows, and enjoy all privi-
leges as themselves do. This foundation still continues to this day.
In the 28 Henry VI. in consideration of his good and accept-
able services,51 this great Earl was constituted Constable of
England, to execute that office by himself, or his sufficient de-
puty, in such manner as John Viscount Beaumont held it.

In 33 Hen. VI. on the breaking out of the civil wars between
the Houses of York and Lancaster, this Earl, gratefully remem-
bering the good offices and favours conferred on him by King
Henry V. continued loyal to his son King Henry VI. and was a

« Rymer, p. 332. « Cart. 3 & 4 Hen. VI- n. 6.

* Pat ii Hen. VI. p. 1. m.5.
i Vid. Ridpath's Border Hist 4*0. p. 401. Reiiques of ancient Poetry,
vol. i. izmo.

■ A. Wood's MS. Hist, of Oxford University, vol. ii. p. 17*. Pat
21 Hen. VI. p. 2. m. 19. * Pat. 28 Hen. VI. m. 22.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 277

stout asserter of the Lancastrian interest. He was present with
the King atb Greenwich, on Feb. 5, 1454, 33 Henry VI. and
being one of the Lords of his Council, advised the setting at
liberty Edmund Beaufort Duke of Somerset, who had been im-
prisoned in the Tower one year and ten weeks, for his opposition
to Richard Duke of York: accordingly, the Duke of Somerset
was released ; and the Duke of York retired in disgust to Wales,
in order to raise forces there, and soon after advanced towards
London with a formidable army.

King Henry being informed of his success, collected what
forces he could, and marching with them out of Westminster,
on May 20, c 1455, conducted them to St. Alban's. On the 23d
of that month, both armies were in view of each other, with a
plain betwixt them; Henry having his standard displayed in St.
Peter's Street, while the Duke of York was encamped in Keye-
field. King Henry was attended by the Dukes of Somerset and
Buckingham, the Earl of Stafford (Buckingham's son) the Earl
of Northumberland, Thomas Lord Clifford, &c. The Duke of
York had with him John Mowbray Duke of Norfolk, Richard
Nevil Earl of Salisbury, with his son Richard (Earl of Warwick,
called the King-maker) William Nevil Lord Fauconberg, &c.
The Duke of York offered to dismiss his troops if the Duke of
Buckingham was delivered up, in order to be acquitted if inno-
cent, or condemned, if guilty: d but that proposal being rejected,
the Earl of Warwick, who commanded the van-guard of the
Yorkists, immediately began the attack, between eleven and
twelve o'clock of that day, (May 23) and broke in by a garden
into Holywell-Street. The Duke of York at the same time ad-
vanced with his division; and the Lancastrians were so hotly
pressed, that they were totally routed in a few minutes, and King
Henry made prisoner. The Duke of Somerset was slain under
the sign of the castle, e and near him fell the heroic Earl of North-
umberland, f who was buried in the chapel of Our Lady, in the
abbey church at St. Alban's; in which church were also interred,
on the same occasion, all the other before-mentioned noblemen
of the Lancastrian party; except the Duke of Buckingham, King
Henry's general, who, receiving a wound, retired out of the
action.

It was found by inquisition, that this Earl of Northumberland

k Rymer, vol xi. p. 361, 362. c Hall's Chron. fol. 168.

- Stow, p. 398, 399. e Hall ut antea.

1 Life of Hen. VI. in Hist, of Eng. vol. ii. p. 414.

27$ PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

was, at the time of his death, seised of the castle and lordship ofs
Alnwike, with its appurtenances, viz. the borough of Alnwike,
and Alnmouth, with the towns of Alnwike, Lesbury, Houghton,
Chatton, Alnham, &c. in com. Northumbr.j as h also of the
castle and manor of Prudhow, and Birkley, with their mem-
bers ; of the castle of Werkworth, and manors of Werk worth,
Corbrigge, and Newburne, in the same county. Likewise a
certain house, called Percy's Inn, situate in the parish of St.
Dionis, within the city of York: and of the manors of Top-
cliffe and SporTord, with the advowson of the church of Don-
ningtonj of the manors of Lethlay, Shothorpe, Gigleswike,
Langstrother, Tadcaster, Catton, with the advowson of the
church, Pocklington, Nafferton, Hunandby, Semar, and Kirk-
Levington, in com. Ebor : of the manors of Dagenham, and
Cokeral, in com. Essex : of the manors of Swaby, Brinkell,
Laughton, Saucethorp, Haghe, ULseby, Fulnetby, Horsington,
Herningby, Oxcumbe, Farforth, Witherne, Gayton, Havering-
ham, Lasseby, Claythorp, Mai ber thorp, Fedelthorp, Trusthorp,
Sutton, Hotost, Anderby, Asserby, Louthford, Cobbenham, Thorp
juxta Louthe, Imingham, Wickerby, Toste, Neuton, Snellesland,
Reresby, Dykering, Carleton, Preston, Legburne, Welton juxta
Thwayte, Urby, Athenby, Hotby, Hamore, Lowboworsby,
Saxelby, Somerby, Thornton, Kathorpe, Staineton, Thorpe juxta
Lathford, Garnethorpe, Louthney, Horkelaw, Riggesby, Wil-
lingham, West-Langby, Fanthorpe, Kenermond, Covenham, and
Worldby, in com. Line. Of the manor of Foston, in com. Lei-
cester : of the castle and honour of Cockermouth, the manors of
Papcastre, Aspatrike, Wighton, Brathwait, Cameswater, Dene,
Caldbeck, Ulmedale, and moiety of .the manor of Kirkbriggej
the advowsons of the churches of Dene, and Kirkbrigge, Ulm-
dale, and chapel of St. Leonard at Wighton in com. Cumbr.
Likewise of the fourth part of the barony of Egremond, with its
appurtenances, in the same county j the advowson of the church
of Wadwinch; with certain lands in Westward and Allerdale,
parcel of the manor of Wighton, in the same county. 'l

The said Henry second Earl of Northumberland, married anno
1414,* (as has been mentioned above) the Lady Eleanor Neville,
daughter of Ralph first Earl of Westmoreland, by his second wife
Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt, and half sister of
png Henry IV. This young Lady is called by the genealogists

( yib. Cetlul p 667. »» IbicJ. l ibid p. 667.

k Antiquarian Repertory, No. 29.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 279

widow of Lord Richard Spencer, son and heir of Thomas Spencer
Earl of Gloucester; but as that young nobleman died without
issue in 1414,' being then but fourteen years of age, he was
probably only betrothed to her, and their marriage had never been
consummated.

Of this second Earl and his Countess, and their issue, the fol-
lowing account is given in a very curious manuscript preserved in
the British Museum, m and there said to be extracted Ex Registro
Monastery dt JVhitlye, (to which we must premise, that in this
passage, the issue seem not to be all arranged in the order of their
births,) viz.

f Henry Percy, the son of Sir Henry Percy, that was slayn«
at Shrewcsbery, and of Elizabeth, the daughter of the Erie of
Marche, after the death of his father and grauntsyre, was exiled
into Scotland in the time of King Henry the Fourth : but in the
time of King Henry the Fifth, by the labour of Johanne the
Countes of Westmerland, (whose daughter Alianor he had wedded
in coming into England,) he recovered the King's grace, and the
countye of Northumberland, so was the second Erie of Northum-
berland. And of this Alianor his wife, he begate IX sonnes and
III daughters, whose names be Johanne, that is buried at Whyt-
bye: Thomas Lord Egremont: Katheryne Gray [of] Rythyn:
Sir RafTe Percy: William Percy, a Byshopp: Richard Percy:
John, that dyed without issue: [another John, called by Vin-
cent" John Percy senior of Warkworth] : George Percy Clerk:
Henry, that dyed without issue: Anne — " [besides the eldest
son and successor here omitted, because he comes in below, viz.]
u Henry Percy, the third Erie of Northumberland."

Of this illustrious progeny we shall now give a more parti-
cular account; at the same time observing, that it is very difficult
to arrange them exactly in the order of their births, because in
the old pedigrees, drawn up near the time in which they lived,
they are commonly distributed in a circle round their parents, in
small orbs issuing like rays from a center : we shall however be
able to ascertain the dates of some of their births from an ancient
genealogical roll made by a Chaplain of this second Earl of North-
umberland, named Robert Cavell, which is still preserved among
the archives of the Northumberland family.

1 Dugd Bar I. 281, 300.397.
m Harl MSS No. 692 (26 ) fol 235. printed in the Antiquarian Repertory*.
-4to. vol ii No. 5- p. 109.

n Vincent's MS. Barbnag. No- 20 in the Heralds' Office.

280 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

1. Joan Percy (who vas apparently the eldest of the children
of Henry second Earl of Northumberland) is said to have been a
nun, and was buried in Whitby Abbey : ° she probably had taken
the veil at Handale, or some other nunnery in Yorkshire, though
she had her sepulture in that monastery, which had been the chief
burying-place of her family.

2. Henry Percy the elder (son of -Henry second Earl of North-
umberland) is usually represented to have been the same that,
succeeded to the honours and estates of his father, and to have
been third Earl, p But as the third Earl is mentioned in an in-
quisition taken on the death of his father in 1455 (33 Hen. VI.) i
to have been then aged thirty years and upwards, he could not
hive been this first Henry, who must have been about forty at
that time j and it was more probably the second Henry, (men-
tioned below) who would indeed be aged thirty-three at the time
of his fathers death. It is most probable therefore that it was
this first Henry that deceased without issue; who, dying in
his infancy, the name was afterwards given to another son.

3. John Percy (believed to be second son of Henry second Earl
of Northumberland) was born at Wark worth on St. Grimbald's
day (8 July) anno mccccxviii,1" and apparently died an infant.

4. John Percy (probably third son of Henry second Earl of
Northumberland) died also without issue,8 and apparently in
his infancy. Jn some genealogies, one of these two Johns is styled
Sir John Percy, Knight, l but I can find no good authority for
this distinction.

5. Henry Percy the younger (apparently fourth son of Henry
second Earl of Northumberland) was bornatLeckenfieldin Yorksh.
on St. James's day (25 July) anno mccccxxi.u It was evi-
dently this second Henry, that was afterwards third Earl of North-
umberland, whose history is given at large below.

6 Sir Thomas Percy, Knight, (fifth son of Henry second Earl
of Northumberland), was born at Leckenfield on the day of St.
Saturinus, anno mccccxxii.* He was, in consideration of his
public services, created Baron Egremont by patent, y 20 Novem-
ber, anno 28 Henry VI. 144p.

0 Vincent's MS Baronag. No 20 in the Herald's Office

* Segar's MS. geneal. penes Jos. Edmondson. Dug. Bar. I. p. 281.

1 No. 37, Cumber. Mr Butler's MS- Collections.
r Cavell's Roll » vide supra, p. 358

* Mr. Butler's Collections. u Cavell's Roll. x Ibid-
y Printed at large in Madox's Baronia Angliga, fol. 1741, p. 142.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 281

In 30 Hen. VI. he was one of the commissioners to treat with
James Earl of Douglas, about certain matters contained in articles
signed by him, and sent to the King:2 and in 36 Hen. VI. he
obtained a grant of the castle and lordship of Wressil, in com.
Ebor. to hold for term of life.a But previous to this, some great
disputes had arisen in 1452, between this Lord and his brother
Richard Percy, on the one party, and two sons of Richard Neville
Earl of Salisbury (their mother's brother) on the other party;
which grew to such a height, that they had a pitched battle at
Staynford Bridge near York, in 1453. b This is said to have been
the beginning of the civil wars of York and Lancaster in the
north of England ; which at last occasioned the death of this
Lord Egremont, who was slain fighting (on the side of Lancaster)
in the battle of Northampton, fought July 10, 1460. c He is
usually represented as having died unmarried: but the contrary
appears from the evidences of the Percy family preserved at Sion-
house; which plainly prove that he had a son living in 1480,
named Sir John Percy, Knt. who in that year came of age, and
signed a general release of certain tenements, &c. at North-
Lambeth, which had been granted away by his father Thomas
Percy, Lord Egremont, in June 1458 > at which time he had
no issue; for then his brother Wjlliam Percy Bishop of Carlisle,
signed a grant and release of the premises, as brother and heir to
the said Lord Thomas. d In this deed of Lord Egrernont's son,
which is dated June 17, anno 20 Edw. IV. (1480.) he stiles
himself Johannes Percy miles jiliiis et heres Thome Percy militis
Domini dum vixit de Egremoncl. It does not appear that his
father was attainted; and therefore Sir John Percy might have
assumed the title of Baron of Egremont, (for aught that we can
rind to the contrary :) but probably he abstained from taking upon
him that dignity for want of estate ; what grants his father en-
joyed, &c. having been resumed by the crown, under King Ed-
ward IV. as we have an instance of even an Earldom being un-
claimed for two or three generations, and the title dormant, on
the very same account. e

7. Katharine Percy (second daughter of Henry second Earl
of Northumberland) was born at Leckenfield May 18, anno

z Rymer, vol- xi. p. 310. • Pat 36 Hen. VI.

•> Harl. MSS. 692. Antiq. Repertory, II- pag. 109.

c Vincent upon Brooke- d Ex Autographo penes Due Northumbr

• The Earldom of Kent. Dugdale's Bar. I. p. 718.

282 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

mccccx[x] in.f She was wife of Edmund Lord Grey of Ruthin,
who was advanced to the dignity of Earl of Kent in the fourth
year of King Edward IV. I

8. George Percy (sixth son of Henry second Earl of North-
umberland) was born at Leckenfield on St. Sampson's day, anno
Mccccxxiin.h He was a clergyman; yet he does not appear
ever to have attained to any other preferment but to a prebend in
the collegiate church of Beverley.1

9. Sir Ralph Percy, Knight, (seventh son of Henry second Earl
of Northumberland) was born at Leckenfield on the day of St.
Tiburcius (11 August) anno mccccxxv. k He was, like the rest
of his family, a stout asserter of the Lancastrian interest, to which
at last he fell a martyr: for, being Governor of Bamburgh and
Dunstanburgh Castles in Northumberland, and prevailed on to
make submissions to King Edward IV. in 1462, when the cause
of Lancaster seemed quite abandoned both by King Henry him-
self, and his more martial Queen j l yet afterwards in 1464, when
the latter made an effort to revive their drooping cause, Sir Ralph
thought himself bound in honour and duty to fly to her assist-
ance, and accordingly raised forces, which he led to Hedgeley
Moor (not far from Chillingham Castle) in Northumberland, to
oppose King Edward's General, the Lord Montacute: when his
brother partisans, the Lords of Hungerford and Ros, fled without
striking a blow, Sir Ralph, unsupported, still kept the field against
superior numbers, and was there slain fighting with great valour.
As he was dying, he comforted himself with this reflection, " I
have saved the bird in my bosom:" meaning his faith and alle-
giance to King Henry."1 For this he was after his death attainted
in parliament, anno 4 Edw. IV. Scil. " For rendering the King's
Castles of Bamburgh, and Dunstanburgh unto Henry VI. and for
rearing war against the King at Hedgley Moor in Northumber-
land, on the feast of St. Mark, viz. April 25, 1464." n On the
spot, where he fell, was erected a cross, the shaft of which still
remains ensculptured with the Fusils, Lucies, and Crescents,
known Insignia of the Percy family.

This Sir Ralph Percy, Knt. who was in 1450 seneschal or

f Cavell's Roll, in which a numerical letter appears to have been omitted,
as is signified above. e Dug. Bar. & Vincent upon Brooke.

b Cavell's Roll. ' Vincent upon Brooke. * Cavell's Roll.

1 Rapin, Eachard, Hume, &c m Grafton's Hist.

n Pari. Rolls, vol v. p. 511.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 283

steward of the Earl his father's courts0 in Northumberland, (an
honourable post in that age) is usually represented as having died
unmarried i p but the contrary appears from innumerable proofs,
among the original evidences of the Percy family, preserved at
Sion House and Alnwick Castle. It is, there recorded, that the
said Sir Ralph Percy married Eleanor, only daughter and heir
of Laurence Acton, Esq.i who appears to have possessed lands
in Hasand, Acton, Shilbottle, and Gysands' (not far from Aln-
wick and Warkworth) part of which, viz. his lands in Hasand (or
Haysand) had been purchased by his ancestor John de Acton,*
in lOEdw. II. The said Laurence Acton had been returned
among the gentry named for Commissioners in Northumberland,
in 12 Hen. VI.1 (1433.) But he is mentioned as deceased in,
1443, having been lately Master Forester to the Earl of North-
umberland ; ■ an office of great dignity, which was afterwards in
•1480 enjoyed by Sir Robert Manmrs, Knt. x the same that mar-
ried the heiress of Ros, and was grandfather of the first Earl of
Rutland. Matilda de Acton, who was apparently wife of the
said Laurence, is mentioned as already deceased in 1450, having
possessed lands at Thriston near Felton in Northumberland, t
Their daughter Eleanor, after the death of her first husband Sir
Ralph Percy in 1464 (as is above-mentioned) was married, se-
condly to John Carlyle, Esq. who appears in 1474 l to have pos-
sessed her estates in Shilbottle, Hasand, &c. in right of her his said
wife j a but he died before 14()8, when she was still living a wi-
dow; as appears in a rental of the barony of Alnwick, 14 Hen. VII.
in which are these entries: b viz. Alianora Relicta Radulphi Percy

0 See Sion Evid. C. VIII No. i. e. (7th Roll.) sub Chatton. In the same
record he is mentioned to have had a grant from the Earl his father of the
herbage of the little park under Alnwick castle, in 1450.
p Dugd. Bar. &c.
*> Evidences at Sion House: Cartington's Rental, A. II. No. 3 a. pag 4-
3S. Evidences at Alnwick Castle: Clarkson's Survey, A. I. No. 1. s.
r Evid at Sion, D. III. No 26 a. (1.)
• Evid. at Alnwick, A. I. No. 2. pag. z%.
1 Fuller's Worthies, in Northumb. p 310 " Sion 's Evid- CIII-No- 1-^.
x Ibid. C. VIII. No. I h- Item. C VI N0.2.C p. 33 36.
y Sion Evidences, CVIII. No 1 e. (Roll. 3d.)
« Alnwick Court Rolls, D- III. No. 6. a. Roll, 6th. Sion Evidences,
C. VI. N0.2 c. p 19

■ See in 22 Edw. IV- {1482.) the accompt of the Bailiff of Alnwick. " Jok,
Carlyle Armig. fr» villat de Haysand, quam tenet de jure uxorls sue -per servio.
uniusfeod. militis. [c. s ]" Sion Evid. CVIII. No i- 1. p 19.

D Sion Evidences, A. II. No. 3b. fol 3, \- Item. A. II. No 3. a. p^p.
3$. Alnwick Evidences, A I. No I %

284 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

militis, Jilia et heres Laur. Acton, tenet Haysand per servitium
unius-feodi militis & Sect. Cur. &c. et reddit per annum pro
IVarda Caslri, ts'c. xiij. s. iiij. d. And again, for lands in Shil-
bottle, belonging to her estate at Haysand, Alianora Percy reddit
Domino, &c. xxij. d. By her, Sir Ralph Percy had issue three
sons, viz. first, Sir Henry Percy, Knt. who married, and had
issue, mentioned below ; second, Sir Ralph Percy, Knt. who is
stiled simply Magister Radulphus Percy in 1487 5 c but m 1489,
he had obtained the order of knighthood, being then called Ra-
dulphus Percy Miles, having had an annuity for life of twenty
marks per annum from Henry Percy fourth E&rl of Northumber-
land, then newly deceased : d third, George Percy, Esq. who in
6 Hen. VII. e married Eleanor, daughter of Sir William Hyl-
ton, Knt. and relict of Owen second Lord Ogle, that died in
1 Hen. VII. f by whom she had a son Ralph third Lord Ogle;
but she appears to have had no issue by this her second husband.
This George Percy, Esq. had, in consideration of his good and
faithful services, a grant from the crown of certain lands and
tenements at Newton, near Bamburgh, in Northumberland, (to
be held durante bene placitoj by patent dated 17 May, anno
3 Hen. VII. 8 (1488.) And also a further grant of one hundred
marks per annum, 20 June, 5 Hen. VII. h (1490.; He had also
an annuity of twenty pounds per annum ' from the fourth Earl of
Northumberland; and had the principal direction in managing
the EaH's revenue, &c. in com. Northumberland, k of which he
died greatly in arrear, in or about A.D. 1500. l The Lady Ogle
his wife survived him many years, being still living in 1525. m

c Sion Evidences, C VI. No-4- b. foi 39.
d Ibid- C. III. No 4. a. (back of the Roll.) yet it is not absolutely certain
but Sir Ralph may have been already knighted in 1487, when he was simply
stiled Magister ; for so his brother, Sir Henry Percy, is stiled in p. 105 of
C.VI. No. i. although in another part of the same record he has the addition
of Miles.

e Vincent, No. 4 in the College of Arms.
f Ibid. He was never summoned to Pari, after 2 Rich. III. See Dugdale
Summ. who in his Baronage II. p. 263, has confounded him with George
Ogle, a different person.

« See in Rolls Chapel, Patent, 3 Hen. VII. h Ibid. Pat. 5 Hen. VII.
1 Sion Evidences, CHI. No. 4. a.
k Ciorgi Percy had been Esquire of the body to King Henry VII.
in 1 490 ; for which he had his annuity of 100 marks, mentioned above. (See
Patent, 5 H. 7.)

' Sion Evidences, C. IX. No. 1. a. fol. 8. b. Item. C. VI. No. 4. c
passim. &c ™ Ibid C.VI- No. 5. a passim.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 285

Besides these three sons, Sir Ralph Percy appears to have had by
Eleanor his wife a daughter also, who is supposed to have been
Margaret,11 wife of Sir Ralph Harbottle, Knt. (father of
Guyscard, or Wicherd Harbottle, whose daughter Eleanor,0 mar-
ried Sir Thomas Percy, Knt. son of the fifth Earl of Northum-
berland:) for so early as 14/4? Sir Ralph Harbottle was become
possessed of those very lands at Thriston, which had been here-
tofore possessed by Laurence 1 and Matilda1- de Acton, and by
[their daughter] Eleanor Percy ; s and which therefore he is sup-
posed to have received in dower with his wife Margaret, believed
to be daughter of the said Eleanor.

To return to Sir Henry Percy, Knt. eldest son and heir of
Sir Ralph Percy; his name occurs in the accompts of the Earl of
Northumberland's officers so early as 14721 (anno 12 Edw. IV.)
when he was already knighted, being stiled Henricus Percy
Miles, u and Consanguineus Domini. x He appears at that time
to have been stationed at Bamburgh, either as having some com-
mand there, or as being there resident, y In the accompts of
1480 z and 1483, a he is stiled Lieutenant or Deputy Warden of
the Marches; and appears to have held very distinguished offices
both under the Earl his cousin and under the crown j being in
1484 one of the Commissioners that were to hold meetings with
the Scotch Gentlemen, on the 18th, and 21st of October that

n Sion Evidences, C. VI. No- 4. f. sub Prudhowe. She was living in
1506, when Sir Ralph was dead.

0 See below, the issue of the sixth Earl of Northumberland.

p Alnwick Evidences, D III. No. 6 a. Roll. 9th

1 Ibid. A I. No. a- p. 60. ' Sion Evid. C VIII. No- 1. e. Roll. 3.

* Alnwick Evid A. I. No. 2. p 60.
■ Sion Evidences, CVI. No 2. a. » Ibid p. 29.

x Ibid. p. 108. There could be in 1472 no other Henry Percy that was
grown up to manhood, and who could be properly stiled " cousin to the
Lord" (scilt. to the then fourth Earl of Northumberland) except a son of
Sir Ralph Percy, Knt- which son would indeed be the Earl's cousin german.
For Sir Henry Percy of Athol, Knight, the only surviving son of Sir Thomas
Percy (Hotspur's brother) died without issue male in 1433. Nor was there
any surviving male descendant from any former Lord Percy so far back, at

least, as the second Lord Percy of Alnwick, who died in 1351. Nor again

could there have been in 1472 any son that was adult, of either of Sir Ralph
Percy's brothers, viz of Thomas Percy Lord Egremont, or of Sir Richard
Percy, Knt. (supposing the latter to have left children:) for the said Lord
Egremont, as we have seen, had no issue born till after 1458, and he died in
1460. And Sir Richard Percy was not married till after 1453, as will appear
in the account of him given in the next article

y Sion Evidences, C. VI. No 2. a, p. 107.

» Ibid. CVI. No. i.e. passim. • Ibid. CVIII No. I. i. passim.

285 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

year, b to prepare matters for an accommodation. And on the
2d December following he was employed in a commission, with
some of the most eminent men on the borders, to negotiate a
truce with Scotland. c In 1485, Sir Henry Percy, Knt was along
with his kinsman the Earl of Northumberland at the battle of
Bosworth field, fought August 22 that year.d After which battle
Sir Henry came the next day, August 23, to Wressil Castle ; e
and the day after, viz. August 24, he repaired to York, to quie*t
the citizens, and to reconcile them to this new revolution : f for
which, and for other good services, he had a grant from King
Henry VIL of the custody of Ban;burgh Castle in Northumber-
land, I dated May 3, I486 (1 Hen. VII.) and would probably have
received other marks of the royal favour, but he died the same
year, I486. :* He left issue one son, John Percy, Esq. men-
tioned below ; one daughter, Margery Percy, who was married
first to Sir Henry Widdrington, of Widdrington Castle, Knt.
being entered in all the genealogies of that ancient family, pre-
served in the College of Arms and elsewhere, simply thus: " Mar-
gery, daughter of Sir Henry Percy, Knt." ' and she is no where
represented as heiress to her father or brother, &c. nor did her
posterity (for she left one son k and five daughters) ever assume
the arms of Percy, either with or without any distinction, or
quarter the same in any manner with their own. l After the
death of her first husband, the said Sir Henry Widdrington (who
had been knighted at the creation of Henry Prince T)f Wales,
18 Feb. 1503, 19 Hen. VII. m) she was married secondly to Sir
William Ellerker, Knight,n who was sheriff of Northumber-
land in 13 Hen. VIII. (1522.) when he was only stiled " Will.
Ellerker Arm.''''0 And again, in 16 Hen. VIII. (1525.) when he
is called u Will Ellerker. Mil.'" ° They appear to have had a
son, Sir Robert Ellerker, Knt. who, after King Henry VIII. had

t, Ridpath's Border Hist. p. 450 Rymer, II. p 244 246.
c Border Hist p. 451. Rymer, XII p. £52. He is aho referred to in a
commission issued after his death in 1495. See Rymer, XII p. 569 Border
Hist. p. 466. ° Drake's Hist, of York, p. 120, 121. e Ibid.

• Ibid. b Rolls Chapel, Patent, anno 1 Hen. VII- 3 Pars.

h Sion Evidences, C VI. No. 4 a fol.38 sub Chatton. He had rented
of the Earl one orchard and five oxgangs of land in Woller.

.See the Visitations of Northum'j in the College of Arms, &c. Segar's
Baronag. penes Edmondson, sub Widdrington

* Viz Sir John Widdrington, Knt. who died in 1551. Ibid

Ibid. m ibid. „ ibid.

• Fuller's Worthies in Noithumb. ibid.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 287

got possession of all the estates of the Percy family, (circ. 1541.)
held certain offices and grants under the crown in the barony of
Alnwick. •» But notwithstanding this Sir Robert Ellerker's appa-
rent affinity to the Earl of Northumberland through his mother,
he seems to have lived upon very ill terms with the Earl and his
family. r

As for John Pehcy, Esq. son and heir of Sir Henry Percy,
Knt. and grandson of Sir Ralph Percy, he apparently succeeded
to the estates at Hasand, &c. of his grandmother Eleanor daughter
and heiress of Laurence Acton, Esq. before-mentioned ; who out-
lived her eldest son Sir Henry Percy, many years.' The said
John Percy also enjoyed a part of the lands at Newton by the se^
(not far from Baruburgh) which should seem at a former period,
(viz. in 1498.) to have belonged to Sir John Myddylton, Knt.1
Whence it has been conjectured, that his mother was a coheiress,
or at least a relation of the said Sir John. Or this John Percy
may have had a grant of those lands at Newton aforesaid, which
had formerly been held under the crown by his uncle George,
although no such grant is now referred to in the Rolls Index.
However that be, among the evidences at Sion House, is a curious
paper, written in l607,u by one of the Earl of Northumberland's,
officers, who is stiled " The Feodary of Alnwick," which contains
this entry: *' John le Viscount held of William Vescy Lord of
Alnwicke, as of his castle and barony of Alnwick, the townes of
Newtowne by the sea ai;d Yerdle, b} ane whole knights fee.

0 He had some office in the barony, and farmed Alnwick mills in 1541.
See Sion Evidences, CVI No. 5 d. fol. 3, 4. The arms of his father, Sir
William Ellerker, differed in colour from those of the family of Ellerker, of
Riseby Park, in Yorkshire. See Fuller's Worthies, ubi supra.

' Sir Robert Ellerker, after the dissolution of the monasteries, got a grant
for his life of Hulne Abbey, near Alnwick: where, from its situation, in
the middle of the Earl of Northumberland's park, the Earl's officers make
great complaints of the hurt he did to the deer and woods, Sec- Also after
his death, when the said abbey had been purchased by his Lordship, they
complain of the depredations committed by William Ellerker and his bre-
thren 'one of which is elsewhere named John Ellerker) who seem to have
been the sons or brothers of the said Sir Robert Ellerker; as also of their
enmity ** or displeasure, because his Lordship did enter into his own " See a
Survey of the Barony of Alnwick, Sec. in 1567, by Robert Clarkson, surveyor
to Thomas Percy, seventh Earl of Northumberland; of which a curious
extract is printed in Captain Grose's Antiquities, 4 vols. 4to. [sub. tit. Hulne
Abbey.] s Vid. supra, p. 362, and p. 364.

' Sion Evid. A. II. No. 3. a. p. 2. Johannes Myddylton miles te?tet tieivtou
juxta Mare & Yerdyll fer servit. unius feed, milit. et sect, cur, £f reddit per ann.
&c. xiij. s. iiij. d. « C I X. No. 2. a. (2 )

288 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

And afterward in the tyme of King Henry the Seaventh, theyrcs
of Reynold Carnaby, Knight, [and] John Percy sonne and heyre
of Henry Percy, held the sayd lands in Newton by the Sea and
Yerdle by Knights Service of Henry Percy Erie of Northumber-
land, as of his castle and barony of Alnwick." Here it must be
observed, that as this paper relates only to some feudal claims
which the Earl had on the foregoing estates, the officer gives here
only a general account how those estates descended, and was not
obliged to be minutely particular, or to ascertain exactly the
times when they came into the hands of the above-mentioned
proprietors: so that, although he is accurate enough as to John
Percy, who certainly possessed his lands at Newton, &c. about
the latter end of Henry Vllth's reign, yet, with respect to Car-
naby, he did not acquire his estate there so early ; for it appears
upon record to have been for some time in the hands of Sir John
Mordaunt, Knight, Lord Mordaunt (whose father had been
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and died in 1504.) x who
sold for the sum of one thousand marks sterling the manors of
Newton by the Sea, and Burton (alias Burnton) in com. Northumb.
as also some hereditaments in Emildon and elsewhere in the same
county, to Henry Why treason of London, Gent, by indenture
dated 10 April, 27 Hen. VIII. >' (1535:) and that the said Henry
Why treason sold the premises for the very same sum to Sir Rey-
nold Carnaby, Knt. by indenture dated 12 May, 28 Hen. VIII. z
(1536.) The aforesaid John Percy is not found to have enjoyed
any office or emolument of any kind under his kinsman the Earl
of Northumberland, contrary to the usual practice of this great

x Vid. Edmondson's Peerage, sub Mordaunt, &c.
f In Rolls Chapel, Claus. 27 Hen VIII. p. 1. n. 39.
z Ibid. Claus. 28 Hen. VIII. p. a. n 76,
In the foregoing indentures, in the covenant against incumbrances is ex-
cepted «« Such title and interest as our Sovereign Lord the King doth pretend
and claim of, in. and to the same, by reason of a late seizure of the said
manors, lands, and premises, with their appurtenances, into his Grace's
hands, in the name of a distress unto the time that the terre-tenants or other
owners of the same premises have saved and discharged the manors, &c. out
of his Grace's hands, by process of law or otherwise," &c. After all, it may
not be impossible but the seizure was made from John Percy, into the King's
hands, and granted by him to Sir John Mordaunt ; and as a particle seems
wanting in the text, and has been supplied by conjecture with [and], it?
may possibly after all require a different particle, and perhaps should be read
thus : «* th'eyres of Reynold Carnaby, Knight, [from, or after] John
Percy, sonne and heyre of Henry Percy, held the sayd lands in Newton by
the Sea, Sec."

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 289

family ; whose offices of dignity or profit appear to have been
given, with a preference, to the inferior branches of their noble
house, as we have seen above particularly exemplified in this John
Percy's Father, Grandfather, and Uncles. He was, however,
Foreman of a jury of Northumberland gentlemen on an inqui-
.sition post mortem, held at Alnwick 23 November, anno
2 Hen. VIII. (1511.) on the death of Margaret Countess of
Richmond and Derby f mother of King Henry VII ) and of Richard
[Lord] Lumley. a John Percy also occurs among the gentlemen
who owed suit and service to the Duchy of Lancaster at the
manor court of Emildon b in Northumberland, A. D. 1520,
(12 Hen. VIII.) and Newton by the Sea is mentioned in the list
of the townships subject to that court, but whether he was still
possessed of his lands there, is not ascertained; as about that time,
part of Newton at least, if not the whole of it, as likewise Ha-
sand, &c. appear to have passed into other hands: for in a roll of
the Knights Court of the barony of Alnwick, anno 11 Hen. VIII.C
(1519.) Hasand was then possessed by Christopher Thirlkeld,
Esq. in whose family it continued for two generations, till it was
forfeited for a murder: d in the same roll of 1 1 HeD. VIII. Newton
by the Sea appears to be then held by John Mordaunt, before-
mentioned} and Yerdle (now called Earle, near Woller, then
connected with Newton) by Lady Woddringtorte (i.e. Wid-
drington) evidently the sister of this John Percy. In a rental of
the said barony of Alnwick, &c. 33 Hen. VIII. (J 541) is this
entry : f Heredes Reignaldi Carnalye, et Heredes Johannis Percye
fdij et heredis Henrici Percye Mililis, tenent certas terras in
Newton super Mare, et Yerdle per servitium uniusfeodi militis, et

a Of this inquisition two ancient copies are preserved among the Percy
Evidences. Scil. one at Sion House, at the end of what is called The Red
Book of Alnwick, A. II. No. 2. The other at Alnwick Castles in Clarkson's
Survey of the barony, &c. A. I. No. 1 part 18. By some accident, the original
is not referred to in the Index at the Rolls Chapel.

6 From an extract from the Court Roll, among the MS. Collections of the
late Counsellor John Crastre, now in possession of Dan. Crastre, of Crastre,
in com. Northumb. Esq.

c Alnwick Evidences, D II. No 5, d.
d Sion Evidences, D III. No. 26 a. fa )

e Although she may in 151 9 have been wife of her second husband, Wil-
liam Ellerker, yet, as he was not then a Knight, she would retain her superior
title derived from her first husband. See ?,bove, p. 364.

'In what is called "The Red Book of Alnwick," (Sion Evidences,
A. II. No. 2. p. 48.) The same article occurs also in a rental for 1552, Sion
Evidences, A. II. No. 4. fol. 22. a.— The officers nave not thought it necessary
VOL. II. U

290 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

facient homagium et a. s. [alia servitia'] et reddent Ddmino an-
nuatim ultra ward. & a. s. [alia servitia'] — xiij. s. iiij. d. ultra
xvj. d. pro coronagio, &c. where, in the margin, it is particularly
specified who the then proprietors were, that are called here
Heirs of Carnaby and Percy, and the proportions in which they
were to make the above annual payment, viz. Heredes Weitwang,
iiij. s. vj. d. Heredes Carnaby, vij. s. iiij. d. Johannes Carre £ xij.
(I. Edmund Crauster, xxij. d. Now, as it fully appears from the
Heralds Visitations for Northumberland, that none of these four
families had any consanguinity or intermarriage with the Percy
family, nor with the said John Percy, it is plain they are only
here called his " Heirs j" not as any way related to him in blood,
or inheriting from him by lineal or collateral descent, but merely
as being his successors in the property ; it being still customary
in the Court Rolls and Call Books of the barony of Alnwick, for
the officers, (who think it not necessary to specify minutely how
private estates descend, in which their Lord is not interested) to
enter under the general description of Heirs to the former pro-
prietors, any persons that have succeeded to their estates, and
thereby to the suit and service owing to the Lord, whether the
aforesaid proprietors had parted with the same by sale, forfeiture,
or otherwise.

The reader will pardon this long digression relating to a branch
of this noble family, which has hitherto been omitted in all for-
mer Pedigrees and Genealogical Histories: and yet, the several
individuals of it occurring in public Records and General History,
and being there mistaken for their relations of the elder line,
have occasioned a confusion, which it was thought deserving this

here (any more than the Feodary, in his account quoted above, p. 365.) to
«pecify exactly when Carnaby, and when Percy, possessed their estates at
Newton, &c. But it is certain that Percy was prior to Carnaby. . Yet Carnaby
was perhaps placed first in the rental, because he had the manor, and the
greatest share of the lands at Newton : of which Percy may have had a much
unaller proportion; unless the conjecture hazarded above (in p 288. note1)
may be admitted; and then the Heirs of Carnaby may here and below be
Mipposed to have had only a part of what Percy formerly possessed ; but it
being a much greater part than any other proprietor had; the others are
called in general H Heirs of Percy," who enjoyed so much of the lands at
Newton, formerly posses? ed by him, as had not then descended to the heirs
of Carnaby.

« It appears from the purchase deeds of Newton, Sec. mentioned above in
p. 288, that in 1535, Ralph Carre had a lease of certain lands and tenements,
parcel of the premises in Eurnton and Newton, belonging to Sir John Mor-
«Uunt, &c. and a fee of 5!. per annum, with arrears then due to him.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 29 1

Very minute inquiry to remove. We now return to the other
issue of the second Earl of Northumberland.

10. Sir Richard Percy, Knight, (eighth son of Henry second
Earl of Northumberland) was evidently born about 1426, or
1427, although the date of his birth is omitted in Cavell's Roil.
He was involved in the quarrels and disputes which his brother
Lord Egremont had with the Earl of Salisbury's family j h and was
slain along with his eldest brother the third Earl of Northumber-
land at the battle of Towton-field, fought on Palm-Sunday, 29th.
March, 1461. ' He has commonly been thought to have died a
bachelor 5 but he is now known to have married Catherine,
daughter of Sir Henry Neville, Knt. of Thornton-Bridge in York-
shire, and widow of William Fairfax, Esq. of Walton in the same
county, who died in 31 of Hen. VI. k (1453.] Whether Sir
Richard Percy hacl any issue by her is not mentioned.

11. William Percy (ninth son of Henry, third Earl of North-
umberland) was born at Leckcntield, April 7, anno mccccxxviii.1
He went into holy orders, and was Chancellor of the University
of Cambridge in 1451, ln 30 Hen. VI. The following year he
was consecrated Bishop of Carlisle, and had the temporalities of
his Bishopric, n October 24, 1452. He died in 1462, 2 Edw. 1V.°

12. Anne Percy (probably youngest daughter of Henry second
Earl of Northumberland) was born at Dugnanis [so it seems
written in Cavell's Roll, but is thought to mean Dunganess in
Scotland] on February 3, armo mcccc.p She was married first,
to Sir Thomas Hungerford, son of Robert Lord Hungerford and
Molyns,i and had issue by him one daughter, wife of Sir Ed-
ward Hastings, Knt. and mother of the first Earl of Huntingdon ;
secondly, to Sir Laurence Raynsford, Knt. and thirdly, to Sir
Hugh Vaughan, Knt. She lived to an extreme old age, accord-
ing to Dugdale, r who says she died 5 July, 1522, and was buried
in St. Michael's Chapel, within the church of St. Margaret,
Westminster.

* Vid supra, p 359. » Drake's Hist, of York, p. 11 r.

k Thoresby's Antiq. of Leeds, p 67. ] Cavell's Roll.

,u Le Neve's Fasti Eccles Angl p 390
* Ibid. p. 334. Rymer, vol. xi- p 317. Fuller's Worth es, Yorksh-
p 196 Godwin de Pi esulib. ° Le Neve, p 334. Godwin, &c.

p The year of her birth is evidently wanting in the above date, copied
from Cavell's Roll, which only gives the century wherein she was bom; but
as she lived to the year 15-2, it is most credible that she was one of the
youngest of the second Earl's children, and most probably born after 1428.
«■ Vincent upon Brooke, p. 370. Dugd Bar. II. p zu- ' Ibid

292 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

We now proceed to the next Earl.

Henry Percy, third Earl of Northumberland, eldest
surviving son and heir of Henry Percy second Earl, was found by
inquisition s to be at the death of his father in 1455, aged thirty
years and upwards. He was indeed then in his thirty fourth
year, having been born in 1421. *

He received the order of knighthood along with King Henry
the Vlth, when they were both infants, on that solemn feast kept
on Whitsunday, 1426 (4 Hen. VI.) in joy of the reconciliation of
Humphrey Duke of Gloucester and Beaufort Bishop of Win-
chester:" when the Duke of Bedford first knighted the King,
then but five years of age j and then that young Prince was made
to confer the same honour on this Henry Lord Percy, together
with several other sons of his chief nobility.

In 20 Henry VI. he was byx indenture, dated March 6, re-
tained to serve the King as Governor of the town and castle of
Berwick ; as also of the whole east marches towards Scotland, for
the term of ten years j taking, in the time of war, 5000/. per
annum, and in times of peace, 2500/. and for the custody of the
castle, 500/. per annum, in time of war; and in time of peace, or
truce, 100 marks. In 1445, 24 Hen. VI. by another y indenture
dated December 5, he was again retained for seven years longer,
for the like wages: and in 31 Hen. VI. the King came to an7
agreement with him, thenceforth to take 25661. 13s. 4d. ster-
ling, per annum, as well in times of war as peace.

By means of his great uncle Cardinal Beaufort, a he married
before (1447) a rich heiress, who brought with her three Baronies
in fee, viz. those of Poynings, Fitzpayne, and Bryan. This
was Eleanor, daughter and sole heir of Richard Poynings, that
died in the life time of his father Robert Lord Poynings, Fitz-
payne, and Bryan, by which means she was heir to her grand-
father. And at the decease of the said Robert (who hadb sum-
mons to parliament among the Barons, from 5 Hen. IV. to
24 Hen. VI. and « was slain at the siege of Orleans, on October 2,
1446, 25 Hen. VI.) she was twenty-five years of age, and then

• Inquis. 33 Hen. VI. No. 37. Cumbr. Mr. Butler's Collections.
1 Vide !>upra, p. 359.
■ Hall's Chron. fol. 100. a. Rymer, X- p. 356. Anstis Regist. Garten
p. 93* x Claus. 20 Hen. 6 m. 30.

f' Ibid 7. Ibid. * Harl. MSS- No, 692. (26.) fol. 239

• k Claus. de iisd Ann. tn dorso. c Hollinsh. Chron. p-6oi-

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 293

(be wife of Sir Henry Percy. The said Robert Lord Poynings*
was son of Richard Lord Poynings, d and Isabel his wife, daughter
and heir of Robert Lord Fitz-Payne, as alsoe heir to Elizabeth
her mother, daughter and heir of Sir Guy de Bryan the younger,
Knt. son and heir of Guy Lord Bryan. f

Sir Henry Percy thereupon,? in 25 Hen. VI. had a special
livery of all the castles, manors, and lands, which were of the in-
heritance of the Lords Poynings, Fitz-Payne, and Bryan, viz. the
manors of Perching, Great Shelley, and Crawley, in Sussex j
Wrentham, in Suffolk j Wilton-Hokwold, in Norfolk j Stoke-
Cursy, Radewye, Carye, Cherleton, Wyke, Cheddon, Spekyng-
ton, Staple, and the hundred of Canyngton, in Somersetshire;
also Terlingham, Newenton-Bertram, Westwode, Staundon,
Combisdane, Mylton, Hokyng, Rokesle, North-Craye, Totyng-
ton, Eklys, Horsemunden, Levelond, Penyngden, Knokkyng, and
Estwell, with the hundred of Folkeston, in the county of Kent.

On December 14, 144(5, he had summons to parliament, the
writ being addressed u Henrico Percy de Poynings, Chevalier-." h
and was summoned as such to all other parliaments, till he
succeeded his father as third Earl of Northumberland, in the
year 1455.

In 2/ Hen. VI. in consideration of his special services in the
inarches towards Scotland, he had a ' joint grant, with Sir Robert
Manners, of all the goods and chattels of Sir Robert Ogle, Knt.
then outlawed.

In 29 Hen. VI. by the title k of Sir Henry Percy, Knt. Lord
Poynings, he was constituted one of the Commissioners to treat
with the ambassadors of James II. King of Scotland; and also
appointed1 one of the Conservators of the truce made that year,
to last from August 15, 1451, to August 15, 1454.

In 30 Hen. VI. he wasm one of the Commissioners to treat
with James Earl of Douglas, upon certain articles signed by him,
and sent to the King} and in 31 Hen. VI. constituted" Governor
of the town and castle of Berwick, and Warden of the east
marches, with an allowance of 1026 /. Qs. per annum. He was
also, that year, one° of the Conservators of the truce concluded at

1 Esc. 17 Rich. II. n. 46. e Ex Collect. R. Glover.

f Barones Extincti, MS. 6 Pat. 25 Hen. VI- p. 1 m. 13.

h Claus de iisd. Ann in dorso « Pat. 27 Hen. VI. p. 1. in. 20.

k Rot. Scoc. 29 Hen. VI. m. 1. J Rymer, vol xi p. 293.

■ Rymer, vol xi. p 300. n Rot. Scoc. 31 Hen VI m. 2

• Rymer, vol xi. p. 3 26, 327.

<2q4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Newcastle, to last till May 21, 1457: and employed in other im-
portant commissions. * .

In 1455, 33 Henry VI. his father being slain, he succeeded
him as Earl of Northumberland. — And in consideration of
his many good services, viz. " In the custody of the town of
Berwick, and wardenshipof the east marches; as also in repelling
the Scots upon their siege of that town and castle, at his great
expence;" he, in 35 Hen. VI. i had further livery of all his lands,
without any inquisition taken for proof of his age, and was dis-
charged of his relief. The same year he r was one of the Conser-
vators of the truce concluded on July 6, 1457, to last till July 6,
1459.

In 38 Hen. VI. he was constituted5 Justice of all the forests
beyond Trent j and the same year was one of the1 Conservators
of the truce between England and Scotland, concluded to last
from July 6, 1463, to- July 6, 1468. He was u also present in
the parliament held at Coventry, November 28, 1459, 38 Hen. VI.
in which Richard Duke of York, and all his confederates, were
attainted of high-treason, and their lands, &c. confiscated : and
in the bill are enumerated the Duke's oath at large, which he had
falsified, x and the loss of the second Earl of Northumberland at
the battle of St. Alban's.

But whilst the King and Queen continued at Coventry, the
said Duke of York, his son Edward Earl of March, and Richard
Neville Earl of Warwick, landing in England, there ensued, on
July 2, 1460, a bloody battle, between Towcester and Northamp-
ton, wherein King Henry was taken prisoner; and the Duke of
York seizing the King, the Earl of Northumberland? remained
with the Queen in the North, where by his great influence he
had got together eighteen thousand men. The Duke of York sent
messengers, inviting the Queen to London, where the King was ;
but being encouraged by this Earl, and the Lords with her, to
engage her adversaries and restore the King, she refused to go.
Whereupon the Duke, on December 21, left London, to repress
the Queen and her northern adherents, and on Christmas-eve
arrived at his Castle of Sandal, near Wakefield in Yorkshire, and

» Rymer, vol.xi. p, 326, %iy. 9 Rot Fin- 35 Hen VI. m 6-

t Rymer, vol. xi p 389, & seq. » Pat. 38 Hen VIp2.rn.7-

« Rymer, vol. x.i p. 426. u Cotton's Records, p. 660.

« If>id- 66*. y Life of Henry VI. in His*, of Engl, vol i p. 425.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 2Q5

there unadvisedly engaging with an unequal force, was slain2 in
the battle fought December 30, a 1460.

The Queen, after this victory, was encouraged to march to
London with her northern army; and coming to the town of St.
Alban's, there ensued another battle, on Shrove-Tuesday Fe-
bruary 17, between her forces b and those of the York party. Tn
this battle, wherein the Queen again prevailed, the. Lords of
her party displayed the talents of expert commanders, and gallant
soldiers.

By this victory King Henry was again set free.; but our his-
torians have remarked, that wherever the King was, the enter-
prizes proved unfortunate. Whilst the Queen was at St. Alban's, c
Edward Earl of March being joined by the vanquished forces,
had formed so great an army, that she judged it necessary to rer
treat again into the north, the Londoners being in the interest of
her adversaries. Thereupon departing from St. Alban's with the
King her husband and Prince Edward her son, the Earl of March
entered London, d and was by his party proclaimed King, by the
name of Edward the Fourth.

Queen Margaret, when she came into the north, found the
Lords of her side were daring and yigilant ; and the Earl of
Northumberland's interest so strong there, that she soon formed
an army of sixty thousand men,c as some write. Of this army,
the said Earl and Henry Beaufort Duke of Somerset ' had the
chief command. King Edward having also assembled a body of
about forty thousand troops, left London on March J 2, and by
easy journies came to Pomfret, where he rested, detaching the
Lord Fitz-Walter to secure the pass at Ferrybridge, upon the
river Are. The Earl of Northumberland," desirous of revenging
the death of his father and brothers, was well prepared to receive
Jiis enemies; and leaving King Henry, his Queen, and son Prince
Edward in the city of York for their better safety, it was re-
solved, that Ferrybridge was, at any hazard, to be recovered; and
the enterprize was committed to John Lord Clirrbrd ; who, with
a competent number of light horsemen, departing early from the
army on Saturday before Palm-Sunday, made such expedition,'1
that he gained the bridge and slew the guard. The Lord Fitz-
\Yalter, hearing the noise, rose out of his bed, as did the bastarcl

1 Hall's Chron folio 183.

a Carte's Hist. b Hall's Chron. folio 184. a.

c Ibid, folio 1 84. b. < Ibid folio 185 a.

e Life of Edw. IV. in Hist, of Eng. vol i. p. 431.

f Hall's Chron- folio 186. a- « Ibid. Ib'4

2Q6 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

of Salisbury, brother to Richard Ncvil Earl of Warwick, who
suspected a mutiny among their soldiers, and were encountered
and slain.

Thereupon King Edward thinking loss of time might en-
danger the rest of his forces, resolved to bring his fortune imme-
diately to the trial of a battle ; and judging the passage of Ferry-
bridge impossible to be speedily regained, he ordered William
Nevil Lord Fauconburg, to pass the river with the vanguard,
three miles above it, at Castlefordj accordingly that Nobleman,
near Towton, attacking the Lord Clifford, encompassed him, and
slew him.

Next day, being Palm-Sunday, March 29, 1461, both armies
were in sight of each other, between Saxton and Towton, when
there ensued ' the most bloody and decisive battle fought between
the houses of Lancaster and York,k in which the latter was finally
victorious. The Earl of Northumberland led the vanguard, and
there being a snow in the northern men's faces, whereby they
could not discern how they shot, he1 led his forces on to charge
sword in hand; and a bloody conflict continued for ten hours, in
doubtful victory; in which it may be reckoned the Earl was
killed, though how he was slain is not mentioned. Hall says of
him,m That " he was in lusty youth, and of frank courage." In
the parliament held on November 4 following, he was attainted,"
with King Henry VI. Margaret his Queen, Edward called Prince
of Wales.; and the King conferred the Earldom of Northumber-
land on John Nevil, Lord. Montagu,0 brother to Richard Nevil
Earl of Warwick and Salisbury, by letters patent, dated at York,
May 28, 1463, 3 Edw. IV.

The said Henry, third Earl of Norihumberland, had issue, by
Eleanor his wife, heiress of Poynings, before mentioned,? (who
died 11 November, 12 Edw. IV. 1474.) 1 one son, Henry Percy,
fourth Earl of Northumberland; and three daughters, who are
arranged here in the order in r which they are mentioned in his
will, which is dated November 1, 36 Hen. VI. (1458.) being at
that time all three unmarried, viz. first, Eleanor Percy, afterwards
wife of Reginald West, Lord Delawar; second, Margaret Percy,
wife of Sir William Gascoigne, Knt. of Gauthorpe in Yorkshire,
Knt. by whom she had issue Sir William Gascoigne, and other

I Hall's Chron, folio 186. b. k Ibid folio 187 a. i Ibid.

m Chron. folio 186. a. r Cotton's Records, p 669, 670.

0 Pat 4 Edw IV. p. 1. m. 10. p Vincent, p. 380, and Chiting, MS.

* From Mr Butler's Collections. rEx Original, penes Due Nonhumbr.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 297

children; one of whom was Anne, married to Sir Thomas Fairfax*
of Walton in Yorkshire, Knight of the Bath (who was grandson
to William Fairfax, by Catharine Neville, that married to her
second husband Sir Richard Percy, son to the second Earl of
Northumberland.) This Lady Margaret appears to have married
a second husband, who was grandson or nephew of an Earl
Douglas; for she seems to be the person meant in the following
article referred to in Rymer's Foedera, (in the MS. articles at the
end of Tom. IX. p. 83.) Anno 2 Ric. III. (1485.) De Margareta
Percy, alias Douglas, Nepte Comit. Douglas, indigena facta. She
probably had lost her privileges of an Englishwoman by marrying
a foreigner : third, Elizabeth Percy, wife of Henry Lord Scrope
of Bolton.

Hbnry Percy, fourth Earl of Northumberland, only
son and heir of the preceding third Earl, being in his minority when
his father was slain, A. D. 1461, was kept in the Tower of London
till October 27, 1469, 9 Edw. IV.1 when the King having at
length determined to restore him to the honours and estates of
his illustrious ancestors, caused him to come before him in his
palace of Westminster personally: and there this young Noble-
man did, in the presence of Thomas Bourchier Cardinal and Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, Richard Duke of Gloucester, and of many
nobles and others, take the following oath:

Soveraigne Lord, I Henry Percy becom youre subjette and
liegeman : and promyt to God and You, that hereafter I Feyth
and Trouth shall bere to You, as my soveraigne liege Lorde, and
to youre Heires, Kynges of England, of Lyfe and Lymme, and of
erthely Worsheppe, for to ly ve and dye, ayenst all erthely People :
And to Youe, and to youre Commaundementes, I shall be obei-
saunt, as God me help, and his hole Evangelistes."

Whereupon the King, by word of mouth, in the presence of
the aforesaid Lords, discharged John Lord Duddeley Constable of
the Tower, from the further custody of the said Henry Percy;
who was soon after restored to the title and dignity of Earl of
Northumberland, &c. Yet the reversal of his father's attainder is
not entered in the rolls of parliament till 12 and 13 Edw. IV. u
(1472, and 73) where in his petition to be restored in blood he
stiles himself only H Henry Percy, Knyght, first begotten son of

* Thoresby's Antiq. of Leeds, p. 67, 68. * Rymer, vol.xi p. 648.

u Rolls of Pari, vol vi- p 16.

298 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND,

Henry Percy, late Erie of Northumberland." This makes it pro-
bable that the petition of this young Lord, and the reversal of his
father's attainder, are misplaced under a wrong year, and ought
to have been inserted in the rolls of an earlier date ; which the
great confusion of the kingdom, and the manifest defects in all
public records about that time,x will easily account for.

Leland informs us,>' that the King suspecting the fidelity of
John Lord Montagu, whom he had created Earl of Northumber-
land, had privately incited the people of the north to desire the
restoration of this young Henry Percy, knowing his great interest
there, whereby he might be a competitor against him. But that
the Lord Montagu might not complain, he created him (on re-
resigning z his patent of Earl of Northumberland) Marquis of
Montagu, or Montacute, by letters patent, dated March 2o, 14/0,
JO Ed w. IV.

Nevertheless, Montagu, the same year, on the revolt oi
Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick, his brother, who had conceived
an irreconcileable hatred to King Edward, having got together
six thousand men in King Edward's name, carried them to his
brother, telling them, that the King having-1 restored Percy to the
earldom of Northumberland, and conferred on him the title of
Marquis of Montagu, had only given him " a Pie's nest."

King Edward, as aforesaid, having restored the said Henry
Percy to the Earldom of Northumberland; he, the same vear
(10 Edw. IV.) was constituted b Warden of the east and middle-
marches towards Scotland; also, by the title of Earl of North-
umberland, appointed0 one of the Commissioners to treat with
others sent from James III. King of Scotland, for redressing all
wrongs done to the subjects of both kingdoms.

In 11 Edw. IV. he was commissioned, d on February 0, 14/2,
to meet on April 25 ensuing, at Newcastle upon Tyne, to treat
with Commissioners sent by the said King of Scotland about a
peace, cessation of arms, or confederacy. The same year he was e
constituted Justice of all the forests beyond Trent, as also Con-
stable of Bamburgh-Castle; and was f sent into the north, there
to reside, for the better preserving the government of those parts
in peace.

* Rolls of Pari, vol v p. 637. ' y Collect, vol. i. MS. p. 716.
z Cart. 20 Edw. IV. n 1. » Leland's Collect- p. 720.

»> Rot. Scoc 10 Edw. IV. m 3. c ibid.

* Rymer, vol xi p. 733. * Pat. n Edw. III. p i.m.25. "

f Ex Autog. Cleric Pells.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 299

In 12 Edw. IV. he was retained f as Warden of the east and
west marches, for the term of five years from Midsummer j and
was to receive 2000 marks per annum in time of peace, and in
time of war 6000 marks. He was also commissioned i to meet
persons deputed by James III. King of Scotland, on June 1(5
next, at Newcastle upon Tyne, or Alnewick, or such other place
as he should think proper, to settle with them all matters trans-
acted contrary to the truce. Likewise, in 13 Edw. IV. he was
commissioned toh meet those deputed by the King of Scotland^
on September 20, at Alnwick, on the same subject.

In 14 Edw. IV. 1471, he was' in k commission for guarding
the east and west marches towards Scotland. And on Aug. IS,
the Sovereign being in the Tower of London, proceeded to the
election of two new Knights of the Garter, in his bed-chamber,
when the Earl of Northumberland was elected in the stall of John
Stafford Earl of Wiltshire, deceased j and at the same time was
elected Guido Ubaldus Duke of Urbin, in the stall of Walter
Blount Lord Mountjoy.

In lrj Edw. IV. he was one of the Knights of the Garter that
attended the King at Windsor, where he kept the feast of St.
George in a most royal manner, and dined in public with this
Earl, and others.1

In 20 Edw. IV. m the King signified to him, that notwith-
standing the cessation of arms, James III. King of Scotland had
invaded the towns of his liege people in the marches, burning and
destroying their habitations, &c. and thereupon commissioned this
Earl, and others, to muster all able bodied men, throughout the
counties of York, Northumberland, Westmoreland, and Cumber-
land, and to be in readiness to march against them.

In 1482, 22 Edw. IV. he had the chief command, under
Richard Plantagenet Duke of Gloucester, in that army which
was assembled in May, and came to Alnwick in Northumberland
about the beginning of July, where they drew up in battle array. n
The van was led by the Earl of Northumberland, who had under
his standard the Lord Scrope of Bolton, Sir John Midcileton, Sir
John Dichfield, and other Knights and soldiers, to the number of
six thousand seven hundred; and passing suddenly the river

f RotScoc j2 Edw. IV. m 24. e Rymer, vol xi. p.778 » Ibid. p. 786.
/ Ibid. p. 844 to 847. JEachard's Hist. k Rot. Scoc 14 Edw. IV m- 5.

1 See Stow's Anna's, p. 429. Anstis's Regist p iy6
» Rymer, vol xii. p 117. £ seq. n Stow's Annals, p- 433.

300 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Tweed, entered the Town of Berwick ; but the castle, which had
formerly been delivered to the Scots by King Henry VI. and was
then under the command of Earl Bothwell, refused to surrender,
upon which they laid siege to it ; and leaving there Thomas Lord
Stanley, with a sufficient number of men, the Duke, and the
Earl of Northumberland marched towards Edinburgh ; and en-
tering therein, saved the town and inhabitants from fire and
sword, at the earnest desire of the Duke of Albany, then with
them. The castle of Berwick, which was thereupon delivered to
the English, has been ever since in their possession. The Duke
of Gloucester, to celebrate this important acquisition, made several
Knights Bannerets, and simple Knights, in Hoton-Fiekl near Ber-
wick, on August 22.° The Earl of Northumberland also being
impowered to confer the honour of knighthood, did on the plain
of Sefford at the same time make Knights Sir Marmaduke Con-
stable, Sir Christopher Ward, Sir Thomas Grey, Sir Ralph Wid-
rington, and Sir Thomas Tempest.

In 1483, (1 Rich. III.) he had been raised to the great office
of Lord High Chamberlain of England, P then vacant by the
attainder of John Vere Earl of Oxford, by act of parliament,
l4Edw.IV. 1475. a

In 1485, 3 Rich. III. on the landing of Henry Tudor Earl of
Richmond, he was summoned by King Richard r to attend him,
with all the force he could raise in the north. He was accord-
ingly in Bos worth -field August 22, 1485 j 8 but probably dis-
gusted by the cruelties of that bloody monarch, he is said to have
acted a neutral part, and kept his forces from engaging at all
in the battle,1 wherein Richard was slain. "Hereupon (as
Hallu informs us) he was incontinently received into favour, and
made one of the council to King Henry VII." When that Prince,*
after his coronation, journied towards the north, he was met by
this Earl of Northumberland, in Bernsdale in Yorkshire, attended
by thirty- three Knights, besides Esquires ; and proceeding to
York, the Sheriffs and a great company met the King and the
Earl there.

In 1489, he fell a victim to the avarice of King Henry VII.

• Jekyll's Cat. of Knights, MS penes meips.

p Dug Bar. I. p. 282- Pat. 1 Rich III. p x.

«i Dug. Bar. I. p. 197. Rolls of Pari. VI p. 144.

r Polydor.Virg. p. 561. n 20. * Ibid p 564 n 10.

Euck's Life of Rich. III. in Hist, of England, vol i p 512, 541, 542.

» Chron Life of Rich. III. fol. 57. b.

* MS. Julius, B. ia, in Bibl. Cotton.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 301

For in that, year, (4 Hen. VII.) the parliament had granted the
King a subsidy for carrying on the war in Bretagne. This tax
was found so heavy in the north, that the whole country was in
a flame. The Earl of Northumberland, then Lord Lieutenant, y
wrote to inform the King of the discontent, and praying an
abatement. z But nothing is so unrelenting as avarice : the
King wrote back, that not a penny should be abated. a This
message being delivered by the Earl with too little caution
to the populace, who had come in a tumultuous manner to
complain of the grievance j they supposed him to be the pro-
moter of their calamity, and instantly breaking into his house,
murdered him and several of his attendants, at his house at Cock-
Lodge, near Thirske in Yorkshire, on the Day of St. Vitalis the
Martyr, April 28, 1439. Skelton wrote an Elegy on his death,
which is printed in the Reliques of Ancient English Foetry, vol. i.
p. 95. 3d ed.

He had a most costly funeral in Beverly Minster, of which
Peck has printed a bill of the charges in his Desiderata Curiosa,
Lib. VII. No. VI. and though part of the expences are not spe-
cified, the particulars there enumerated amount to 1510/. Sd. of
the money of that age, which in modern valuation would now be
12,080/. 5 s. Ad. He had also a very magnificent monument
erected to his memory in Beverley Minsterj some vestiges of
which still remain : but that erected in the same church to his
Countess is still extant in the highest preservation, and is one of
the most beautiful sepulchral monuments in this kingdom. Dug-
dale has a memorandum, b that the grave of this Lady in the said
church of Beverly being on some occasion opened, 15 September
1678, (near two hundred years after her death) " her body was
found in a fair coffin of stone, embalmed, and covered with cloth
of gold} and on her feet slippers embroidered with si Ike; and
therewith a wax lampe, a candle, and plate candlestick."

By this Lady, who was Maud, daughter of William Herbert,
first Earl of Pembroke, the fourth Earl of Northumberland had
issue four sons and three daughters. The sons were,

First, Henry Algernon Percy, who succeeded his father in his
honours, and was filth Earl of Northumberland.

* Pqlyd.Virg. p. 579.
z Reliques of Ant. Engl Poetry, I. p. 95. 3d Ed.
a Compl Hist of Engl- voli. p. 595.
b MS. Additions to his Baronage in the Library of the Dean and Chapter
at Worcester.

302 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Second, Sir William Percy, Knt. who was one of the com-
manders at Flodden-Field, and contributed to the decisive victory
gained there over the Scots, September 9, 151 3. b He was after-
wards appointed steward of the lordship and manors of Pock-
lington and Cat ton, &c. by grant from the Earl his brother, dated
at his castle of Wressil, 23 April, 18 Hen. VIII. c (1527.) He
was also appointed Master Forester of the lordship of Lecken-
field by a patent from the Earl his nephew, dated at his manor of
TopclifY, 7 January, 20 Hen. VJII.d (152.9.) The last mention
made of him is by Speed the historian, e who gives his name
among those of the principal northern gentlemen that were con-
cerned in the insurrection under Sir Robert Aske in 1536, called
The Pilgrimage of Grace, for which his nephew Sir Thomas
Percy, Knt. was afterwards executed, as we shall see below. As
for Sir William Percy, whether he died during the insurrection,
or by what means he escaped the fate of his nephew, is not re-
corded ; nor is it mentioned that he ever married, or had issue.

Third, Alan Percy, Clerk 3 who was appointed the first master
of St. John's College in Cambridge, then newly founded, July
29, 15l6,f but resigning his charge two years afterwards, became
Warden of the Holy Trinity College, at Arundel in Sussex, which
he and his brethren surrendered into the King's hands 12 Sep-
tember, 36 Hen. VIII. s (1545.) He was a great benefactor to
the city of Norwich, where his portrait is still preserved in their
Guildhall, as the Editor is informed.

Fourth, Josceline Percy, youngest son; who, as well as his
brother Alan, was at first employed in some of the offices for ma-
naging the Earl's estates in Northumberland,11 but he soon ob-
tained a very opulent fortune by marrying (soon after the death
of his father) Margaret, daughter and sole heir of Walter Frost
of Beverley and Featherston in com. Ebor. Esq.' who was seised
of the manors of Nevvland, Walton, Fetherston, Heke and Hen-
sail, with their appurtenances, in com. Ebor. and of divers mes-
suages, lands, &c. in Fetherston, Aikton, Heke, Hensall, Arke-
sey, Pollington, Yldsthorp, Beverley, Eske, &c. the said Josceline
died 8 September, 1532,k leaving issue by Margaret his wife

h RidpauYs Border Hist. p. 491, &c. Battle of Floddon, by Robert
Lambe, 1774, izrno. P- 7*> st. 317. (Vid. st. ji, Sec.)

c Book of Grants, B. ir. $ fol 36 penes Due. Northumb. < Ibid.

e Speed's Hist, sub ann. 1536. 'Ex privat Informat

* Rymer, XV. p 68. * Evidences at Sion passim.

5 Inquis. Com. Ebor. 24 Hen. VIII. No. 67. Mr. Butler's Collect,
$egar*s Baronage. k Ibid.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, 303

(who died 15 November 1530,) 1 one son, named Edward Percy,
who was aged eight years and upwards at his father's dtath.

The said Edward Percy of Beverley, &c. Esq. who was born
about 1524, married Elizabeth, second daughter of Sir Thomas
Waterton of Walton in com. Ebor. Knt.m and died 22 Sept. n
32 Eliz. (1590.) leaving issue, besides a daughter, (who was wife
of John Berney, Esq. of Dale Bank, in com. Ebor.) two sons, viz,
first, Alan Percy, his eldest son and heir, who was found by in-
quisition to be thirty years and upwards at his father's death}0
second, Thomas Percy, who was auditor to the ninth Earl of
Northumberland, as.d Constable of Alnwick Castle, p He is be-
lieved to be the Percy concerned in the gunpowder conspiracy in
1605 ; on the detection of which he fled to the borders of Wor-
cestershire, and was there shot dead, leaving issue, from whom
the Percys of Cambridge (now extinct) derived their descent.

The eldest son of Edward, viz. Alan Percy of Beverley, Esq.
who was born in or before 1560, married circ. 1578, 1 Mary,
daughter of Robert More of Bewick in Holderness, Esq. and had
issue, first, Josceline Percy, his eldest son and heirj second, Ed-
ward Percy, Esq. who died 27 August 1630, aged 32, as appears
from his epitaph at Petworth in Sussex, which mentions that he
had been by profession a soldier; also a daughter Frances, wife
of James, second son of Ralph Ellerker r of Risby Park, in com.
Ebor. Esq. The said Alan Percy, Esq. was one of the represen-
tatives of Beverley in parliament anno 1 Jam. I.9 (1603.) and pro-
bably died soon after.

His eldest son and heir, Josceline Percy of Beverley, Esq. ap-
pears to have been resident in the family of his kinsman the ninth
Earl of Northumberland, in l605,1 to whom he was probably
ward or page, which was thought at that time the best situation
to form the manners, and complete the education of a young gen-
tleman. He is called in a MS. " " Joscelyn Percy of Beverley, Esq.
now living 1637." He married Elizabeth, daughter of William Fitz-
Wiiliams of Cliseby in com. Ebor. Esq.x and had issue two sons,y

1 fnquii. Com. Ebor. 24 Hen. VIII. No. 67. Mr. Butler's Collect, Se-
gal's Baronage. m Segar's Baronag.

" Inquis a. 32 Eliz. 34 Ebor Edri Percy, Rolls Chapel.
0 Ibid. p From the Evidences at Sion-house-

q Inquis. a 32 Eliz 34 Ebor. Edri Percy.

r Ex privat. Informat. s Browne Willis, a 1 Jac I.

1 From the Collection of Letters of Hen. IX Earl.

u MS penes Edit. * Segar's Baronag. y Ibid-

304 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

viz. first, Alan Percy, and second, Charles Percy, (who both died
without issue, as it should seem, soon after the restoration, by
which this branch of the Percy family became extinct j) and one
daughter, Eleanor Percy, who was married to William Farrand
of West Hall near Addingham, in the West-Riding of Yorkshire,
Esq.y But to return.

Besides the four sons above-mentioned, the said Henry, fourth
Earl of Northumberland, had three daughters, viz.

First, Eleanor Percy, wife of Edward Stafford Duke of Buck-
ingham, who was beheaded I'J May 1521 5 z a shock which she
survived but a few years, as should seem from her will, which is
dated 24 June, 1528. a

Second, Anne Percy, who was first wife of William Fitz-
Alan Earl of Arundel, whom she married in or before 1 5 1 1 j b and
by whom she had issue Henry his successor, and two daughters.

Third, Elizabeth Percy, who died young. We now return

to the eldest son.

Henry Algernon Percy, fifth Earl of Northumber-
land, was born January 13, 1477-8, c and was only eleven years
old at the death of his father in 1489 > vetJ ni me preceding
year, on November 21, 1488, 5 Hen. VII. d he was the first created
Knight of the Bath, with Arthur Prince of Wales 5 the King
honouring the solemnity with his presence.

In 1497, 12 Hen. VII. he was one of the chief commanders e
of the King's forces in the battle of Blackheath, on June 22,
against James Touchet Lord Audley, and his adherents 5 and the
year after, f had a special livery of his lands.

In 18 Hen. VII. on the marriage of the Princess Margaret to
James IV. King of Scotland, King Henry, on June 30, brought
her from Richmond » to Coli- Weston, in Northamptonshire, on
her way, and then consigned her to the Earl of Northumberland,
Warden of the marches j who, with a great company of Lords,
Knights, &c. accompanied her, till she came to Berwick, and
from thence to a village called Lamberton, in Scotland, where
King James, with his Nobles, were ready to receive her, to whom
the Earl delivered the Princess, according to his commission.

y Segar's Baronag. z Dug. Bar. I p. 171.

■ Ibid. b Ibid p. 324.

c Preface to the Earl of Northumberland's Household Book, 1770, 8vo,
p. xx. d Anstis, pred. p 41, 42, 43.

* Ex Autog penes Cleric. Pells ♦ Pat. 13 Hen. VII p. 1.

r Bacon's Life of Hen. VII. in Hist, of Engl. vol. i. p. 629 and Hall's
Chron. fol 56. a.&b.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 305

The Scots were very richly apparelled ; but above all other, the
Earl of Northumberland, as Hall writes, exceeded them, " in the
richness of his coat, being goldsmith's work, garnished with pearl
and stones ; and for the costly apparel of his henxmen, and gal-
lant trappers of their horses, besides four hundred tall men, well
horsed, and apparelled in his collars ; he was esteemed both of the
Scots and Englishmen more like a Prince than a subject." He
had also with him h his officer of arms, named Northumber-
land Herald, arrayed in his livery of velvet, being his surcoat of
arms. For a more particular account of the gallant show exhi-
bited on this occasion, one of the most splendid in that age, the
reader may consult Halts Chronicle, where it is described at
large j as also in the curious additions to the last impression of
LelancTs Collecta?ieay vol. iv. and in the Appendix to Drakes
History of York, folio, p. xviii.

King Henry VII. honoured him ' with the most Noble Order
of the Garter ; and his plate is yet remaining the fifth k in the
sixteenth stall, in St. George's Chapel at Windsor. But the
exact time of his election does not appear, the register being im-
perfect from the eighth year to the fourteenth year of that King;
when he attended at a chapter held at Windsor; and his name
constantly occurs in the annals afterwards.

At the accession of King Henry VIII. he was employed again
as warden of the marches towards Scotland; and was present1
with the King, in the first year of his reign, at a chapter of the
most noble Order of the Garter, held at Greenwich; also, in
2 Hen. VIII. at a chapter held there, the King present.

He was afterwards with the King, on August 18, engaged, in
what is called, by our historians, The Battle of Spurs, from the
swiftness of the French in running away.

In 14 Henry VIII. on a suspicion of an invasion from Scot-
land, the King sent for this Earl, and made him Warden of the
whole marches, which he thankfully accepted, and so departed
Lord Warden. But he soon after,m for some reason or other,
made suit to resign his charge, for which he was censured by the
martial inhabitants of the northern counties; and the Earl of
Surry was made General -Warden.

This Earl of Northumberland appears to have been a noble-

* A nstis's History of the Garter, p-4Ji» 43*.

i Ashmole's Order of the Garter, P713.

k History of Windsor, and Chapel of St. George, p. 300.

1 Anstis's Register, p. 271, 273. » Hall's Chron- fol. 105 b.

VOL. II. X

306 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

man of great magnificence and taste; and a generous patron of
learning and genius. Of the former we have strong proofs, not
only in the splendour of his equipment, above-mentioned, when
he attended the Queen of Scotland; but in the very noble monu-
ments he erected in Beverley Minster to his father and mother :
these are executed in the finest style of Gothic architecture, and
remain to this day lasting proofs of his love and taste for the arts,
as well as of his generosity and filial piety. He appears also to
have been a great promoter of learning, and was a liberal patron
of such genius as that age produced. This was the more to his
honour, as perhaps at no period of time his brother Peers in
general were more illiterate. He encouraged Skelton, the only
professed poet of that age, who wrote an Elegy on the death of
his father." But he gave still more disinterested proofs of his
regard for learning, by affording a salary to a professor to teach
grammar and philosophy to the monks of Alnwick Abbey; the
particulars of which establishment may be seen at large in War-
ton's History of English poetry, vol. ii. ° who has bestowed a very
just and high encomium on this noble Mecaenas of dawning lite-
rature. The system of his domestic oeconomy is handed down to
us in a very curious volume, which his Grace the late Duke of
Northumberland had printed for the entertainment of the curious,
under the following title, " The Regulations and Establishment of
the Household of Henry Algernon Percy, the Fifth Earl of North-
umberland, at his Castles of Wresil and Leckinfeld in Yorkshire,
legun M.D.XII. London, printed 1770, 8vo." Besides the great
merit of this book, as containing a System of Ancient (Economics,
and affording a valuable Supplement to the Chronicon Pretiosum;
it is particularly interesting, and valuable for the curious Picture
it exhibits of Ancient Manners, p Here we see the great magni-
ficence of our old nobility, who, seated in their castles, lived in a
state and splendour very much resembling, and scarce inferiour,
to that of the Royal Court. Their household was established upon
the same plan; their officers bore the same titles; and their war-
rants ran in the same form and stile. As the King had his privy
council and great council of parliament, to assist him in enacting
statutes and regulations for the public weal ; so the Earl of North-
umberland had his council, composed of his principal officers, by
whose advice and assistance he established this Code of (Economic

« See Reliques of Ancient Engish Poetry, vol i Book I. Poem IX.
« ?• 338. p See the Preface to the Houshold Book, p vi.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 30?

Laws. As the King had his Lords and Grooms of the bed-
chamber, who waited in their respective turns 5 so the Earl of
Northumberland was attended by the constables and bailiffs of his
several castles, &c. who entered into waiting in regular succes-
sion. All the head officers of his household were gentlemen,
both by birth and office 3 such as the Comptroller, Clarke of the
kitchen, Chamberlain, Treasurer, &c. the table where they sat
being called the Knights'-Board. The number of Priests
that were kept in this great household were not fewer than
eleven 5 at the head of whom presided a Doctor or Batchelor of
Divinity, as dean of the chapel. Under him were a complete
establishment of singing-men, choristers, &c. for his chapel ser-
vice. But to enter into all the particulars of the volume in ques-
tion, would far exceed the limits of this article; it will therefore
be sufficient just to mention, that the establishment is for two
hundred and twenty-three persons daily, and the money annually
expended in house-keeping is 1118/. 17 s. 8d. which, according
to the present value of money, would be 895 1 /. Is. Ad. For
the Editor of the Household Book hath proved to demonstration,
that the value of money then, compared to what it is at present,
was, at least, in proportion as eight to onejP and perhaps in
some respects it ought to be estimated higher. But to return to
our history.

The fifth Earl of Northumberland departed this life May 19,
1527, 19 Hen. VIII. * and was buried at Beverley in Yorkshire.
He married Catharine, r daughter and coheir of Sir Robert Spencer,
Knt. of Spencer Combe in Devonshire, by the Lady Eleanor his
wife, who was daughter, and at length coheir, of Edmund Beau-
fort Duke of Somerset3 (being sister, at length coheir, to Henry
and Edmund Dukes of Somerset) l by Eleanor his wife, daughter
and heir of Richard Beauchamp Earl of Warwick. u The said
Edmund Beaufort was great grandson of John of Gaunt Duke of
Lancaster. By the said Catharine, Henry fifth Earl of North-
umberland had issue three sons and two daughters, x viz.

p Hume, in his History, has estimated it at only six to one, which is just
one-fourth below its true value ; and under this mistake, endeavours to ridi-
cule and depreciate the whole establishment. See his History, vol. iii. Note O.
Edit. 1773.

^ From the Inquisition taken at his death.

r Vincent upon Brooke, Dugdale, &c. » Ibid.

1 Ibid. « Ibid * Ibid.

308 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

First, Henry Fcrcy, eldest son and heir, sixth Earl of North-
umberlandj who was knighted circ. 15 IQJ

Second, Sir Thomas Percy, Knt. who held several commis-
sions under the Earl his brother, and was Receiver of his revenue
in the south parts of Northumberland ; z where he lived much
honoured and respected} sometimes residing at Newburn-Hal),
till the year 1536, when he unfortunately was involved in Aske's
rebellion, commonly called the Pilgrimage of Grace, being one
of the principal gentlemen appointed to treat on the part of
the disaffected with the Duke of Norfolk at Doncaster:a and
though an accommodation took place, and the King published
a general pardon, b in order to amuse and disperse the insur-
gents, no sooner had they laid down their arms, but he found
pretexts to seize on some of their principal leaders, and among
the rest on this Sir Thomas Percy, whom he caused to be ar-
raigned at Westminster, before Henry Courtney Marquis of
Exeter, then appointed High Steward,0 where, receiving sen-
tence of death, he was executed at Tyburn, in June 1537, along
with several other gentlemen of his party, and was afterwards
attainted. <*

He married Eleanor, daughter of Guiscard, or, (as his name
was written in Northumberland) Wycherd, or Wygerde Har-
bottle of Beamish in the county of Durham, Esq. who deceased
in 1516, e being son and heir of Sir Ralph Harbottle, Knt. by
Margaret his wife, who is mentioned above, f and appears to be
daughter of Sir Ralph Percy, Knt. This Eleanor Lady Percy

was (together with her sister, 8 who married Fitton, Esq. of

Cheshire) coheiress to her brother George Harbottle, Esq.'1 (who,
although he married Margaret daughter of Ralph third Lord
Ogle, left no issue, » and probably died young, as he was still a
minor in 1525.) k She, after the death of her first husband, was
about 1541 married secondly, to Sir Richard Holland of Denton,

y Evidences at Sion, C. III. No. 5. a. p. 15.
* Ibid. C. VI. No. 5 b.&c passim. a Speed's Hist. &c

b Dated at Richmond, Dec. 9, 1536
c Herbert's History of Henry VIII. This Marquis of Exeter was after-
wards executed for high-treason himself.

<» Ibid Vicl. also Stow, Speed, Carte, &c.

« Evidences at Sion-House, temp. Hen. VI II. f Pag. 363.

c Mr. Butlor's Collections. »» Sion Evid. temp. Hen- VIII.

1 Ibid. k Ibid.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 309

in com. Lancast. Knt.1 who, (dying without issue by her) in the
beginning of April 1548,m she continued a widow till her death in
1567, n having had issue by Sir Thomas Percy, Knt. her first hus-
band, three sons, viz. first, Thomas Percy, born in 1528, ° who
was restored in blood by Queen Mary, and became seventh Earl
of Northumberland; second, Henry Percy, who succeeded his
brother, and became eighth Earl of Northumberland; third,
Guiscard Perey, who died in his infancy, p She had also by the
said Sir Thomas Percy, one daughter Mary, *> who was wife of
Sir Francis Slingsby, Knt. of Scriven near Knaresborough in York-
shire (by whom she had nine sons and three daughters:)1" to
whom Vincent s adds two other daughters of Sir Thomas Percy,
Knt. (although the Editor hath not found any mention of them
in the writings of the Northumberland family,) viz. second, Ca^
tharine, wife of Ralph Rither; third, Joan, married to Arthur
Harris of Prittlewell in £ssex. l But to return to the issue of the
fifth Earl,

Third, Sir Ingelram, or Ingram Percy, Knt. third son of
Henry fifth Earl of Northumberland, was receiver of the revenue
of the Earl his brother in the northern parts of the county of
Northumberland. u He never married, but died about the latter
end of the year 1538, leaving only an illegitimate daughter, to
whom in his Will x he " bequeaths twenty pounds, the whichc
twenty pounds he wills the lady his mother shall have the use
thereof, with the Child, until she be of lawful age. He also be*

1 From the Deed of Feofment relating to said marriage, penes Due
Northumb.

m From Orig. Papers relating to this Dame Eleanor Percy, penes Due.
Northumb. " Ibid.

° His picture at Petworth is inscribed thus, u Altatis sua? 38. Anno. Dom.
1566, Decg."

p This is proved by the total silence concerning this Guiscard, in the
bills, &c relating to the board and education of his two brothers, Thomas and
Henry, preserved among the papers of Dame Eleanor Percy, their mother,
mentioned above, penes Due. Northum. They had been educated at
Liverpool .• a weak proof \ though a presumption !

4 Ibid. Segar's Baronage, MS. penes Edmondson, calls her Margaret, sole
daughter of Thomas Percy, &c. and refers to the Epitaph on the monument
of her son Sir William Slingsby in Knaresborough.

r Collins's Baronetage, vol. v. p«^42.
* Baronag No. 20. in Coll. Arm. Lond.
1 For this last, Vincent (ubi supra) refers to a Visitation in Com. Essex,
p. 12$. « Evid- at Sion, C. VI. No 5. b, and c, passim.

» In Prerogative Court of Canterbury, (xxvi Dingley, 6.)

310 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

quethes to the Moder of the said Childe twenty nobles." y Th'ra
will, which is dated J June 1538, and the probat 21 March fol-
lowing} z and which, besides the above, only contains legacies to
his servants, a plainly shews that he was never married, and left
no legitimate issue j although Percy the Trunkmaker in temp.
Car. II. pretended to derive his descent and claim to the earldom
of Northumberland from this Sir Ingram Percy, Knight. His
natural daughter, above-mentioned, who was named Isabel, be-
came wife of Henry Tempest of Broughton in Com. Ebor. b

Fourth, Margaret Percy, eldest daughter of Henry fifth Earl
of Northumberland, was wife of Henry Lord Clifford, first Earl
of Cumberland, c to whom she was married cir. 151C).d

Fifth, Matilda, or Maud Percy, second daughter, died young,
unmarried. e

Catherine, Countess to the fifth Earl of Northumberland,
by her testament, bearing date October 14, A. D. 1542, (34
Hen. VIII.) bequeathed her body to be buried at Beverley, in
the tomb of the late Earl her husband} and likewise gave unto
Sir Robert Gell, her Chaplain, her lease at Wilberfosse, to sing
mass yearly for her and her husband's souls. f She was buried
Oct. 19. 8 We come now to their eldest son.

Henry Algernon Percy, sixth Earl of Northumberland,
succeeded to all the hereditary honours and titles of his family in
1527. Previous to which, in the life-time of his father, he had
been an attendant on Cardinal Wolsey, according to the usage of
that age, when the greatest nobility were glad to place their sons
under prelates of that eminence, both for their education, and to
be introduced into public life. While this young Lord was in
the Cardinal's family, and frequently attended him to the court,
he conceived a strong passion for the beautiful, but unfortunate,
Anne Boleyn, then one of the Maids of Honour to Queen Ca-
tharine} into whose service she entered in her twentieth year,
being newly come from France, where she had received her edu-
cation. '* So that (as Lord Herbert relates) the Lord Percy, at
all times when he repaired to court, in the train of the Cardinal,

r Ex Originali. ibid. z Ibid. * Ibid.

h Segar's MS. Baronag. penes Edmondson. Vincent, No. ?o. in Coll.
Arm. &c. « Vincent upon Brooke.

" Sion Evid. C. III. No. 5. a. p. 15, « Peeris Metr. Hist.

' Dugdale'Bar. I p. 283. « Mr. Butler's Collect.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND.

811

iras continually paying his addresses to her, till at last he obtained
her good-will to marriage j h whereupon, the same historians ob-
serves, •• That in what kind soever the King's affection might
manifest itself, she was not so satisfied with it as to relinquish so
advantageous an offer as the Lord Percy, nor that Lord aware,
that he was opposed by so puissant a rival. But their courtship
coming to the ears of the King, who found himself in danger of
losing a beauty whom he had contemplated so long that she was
become his dearest object, the Cardinal was ordered to dissuade
the Lord Percy from any further thoughts of marrying that Lady:
and thereupon, Wolsey both violently dehorts the Lord Percy
from the Lady, and used all arts to insinuate himself into her fa-
vour. But Mrs. Boleyn, whether she were ignorant, as yet, how
much the King loved her, or howsoever had rather be that Lord's,
wife than a King's mistress, took very ill, of the Cardinal, his
unseasonable interruption of her marriage. The Cardinal, also
fearing the revenges of that sex, and being unwilling to come to
sharper terms with the Lord Percy than he had already used,
desires the King to write to the Earl of Northumberland to come
up j alledging there was no such way to preserve the gentle-
woman for himself, and to conceal his love, as to use a cunning
dissuasion of the marriage ; whereby also the Earl might be in-
duced to interpose his fatherly authority for dissolving of the
match. Hereupon the Earl repairing to the court, he so checked
his son, that fear of displeasing his father became his predominant
passion j the apprehension of the .King's displeasure having
wrought that impression in the Earl, that he would take no denial
or excuse on his son's part, till he had made him renounce all
pretences to her ; which also he urged so far, as at length his son
consented to marry the Earl of Shrewsbury's daughter. But the
hatred which Mrs. Anne Boleyn conceived against the Cardinal
concluded not soj nor indeed could it ever end, till she had pro-
cured his final ruin."

As for the Lord Percy, who, on the death of his father, be-
came Earl of Northumberland, he in ig Hen. VIII. had livery |
of all the lands descended to him as heir to his said fatherj and
in the 21st of Hen. VIII. k was present in the parliament then
held. He was also one of the Lords that1 exhibited to the King

h Herbert's Hist, of Hen. VIII in Hist.of Eng vol. ii. p. 122.

1 Pat. 19 Hen V 1 1 1 p. 1. k Rymer, vol. xir. p. 302.

1 Lord Herbert's Life of Hen. V 1 1 1 . in Hist, of Eng vol ii. p. 129.

312 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

divers articles of misdemeanors committed by Cardinal Wolsey j
whom he could never pardon for having violated his first and most
tender affection ; and who had, indeed, in other respects, treated
him with great harshness and disregard. m

In 1530, 22 Hen. VIIL he was one of the great men,n who,
in their letter, dated July 13, represented to Pope Clement VII.
That having a long time expected in vain his answer touching
the marriage of the King, " They can make no other construc-
tion of this delay, but that the care of themselves is committed to
their own hands, and that they are left to seek remedy elsewhere."
This representation drew an answer from the Pope j wherein he
told them,0 " there were many expressions in their letter he
could not have thought well of, did he not wholly impute them
to the great duty and tender affection they bore to the King, &c."

On November 4, 1530, the Earl of Northumberland, p Warden
of the marches, with Sir Walter Walsh, gentleman of the King's
privy-chamber, went by his Majesty's command to Cawood-
Castle, near York, to arrest Cardinal Wolsey ; wherein (as Lord
Herbert writes) he used such diligence and secrecy, that he had
placed his guards in the hall before any escaped to advertise him
thereof. Neither did the Cardinal, at the Earl's coming up stairs,
receive him in other terms than those of a guest, till entering into
a private chamber together, the Earl, in a low and faltering voice,
arrested him for high -treason. The dismayed and pensive Car-
dinal stayed a while before he answered, but recovering his spirits,
demanded sight of the Earl's commission, protesting, that other-
wise he would not obey; urging, that he was a member of the
college of Cardinals at Rome, and so exempt from all Princes' ju-
risdiction. But the Earl refusing to shew his commission, and
Sir Walter Walsh (who had arrested Dr. Augustine, the Cardinal's
physician) coming in, and confirming what the Earl had said, the
Cardinal yielded to Sir Walter Walsh, as the King's servant, and
not to the Earl ; to whom he said he would not submit himself
before he was better satisfied of his authority.

Hall, who lived in Henry VIII's time, gives this account r*
That the Earl, in dispute with him, said, " When I was sworn
Warden of the marches, you yourself told me, that I might with
my staff arrest all men under the degree of a King; and now I

m Sec the notes to the fifth Earl of Northumberland's Household Book,
p. 429. > Rymer, vol. xiv. p. 405, & seq.

0 Lord Herbert's Life of Hen. VIII. p. 145, 146. * Ibid. p. 147.

I Vide his Chronicle, fol. 194.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 313

am stronger, for I have a commission so to do, which you have
seen." On that the Cardinal obeyed, and was kept in his private
chamber till November 6, when he was conveyed from Cawood
to Sheffield-Castle, and delivered by the Earl of Northumberland
to George Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury. For this act of the Earl
of Northumberland, Fiddes, in his Life of Cardinal Wolsey, hath
taxed him with ingratitude; but the Earl was under no particular
obligation to the Cardinal.

On St. George's day, 1631, 23 Hen. VIII. at a chapter of the
Garter held at Greenwich, the r Sovereign present, it was resolved
that an election should be made of a new companion, to be sub-
stituted instead of Thomas Grey Marquis of Dorset deceased; and
the day following the Earl of Northumberland was by the general
consent elected into that most noble society, the King ordering
the Garter and George, with the other badges, to be delivered to
him. After that it was declared he should be installed on May 7,
at Windsor.

On the divorce of Queen Anne Boleyn, by act of parliament,
in 28 Henry VIII. being sent to, he denied any pre-contract with
her, and wrote to Secretary Cromwell the following letter.3

* Master-secretary, This shall be to signify unto you, that I
perceive, by Sir Raynold Carnaby, that there is supposed a pre-
contract to be between the Queen and me. Whereupon I was
not only heretofore examined, upon mine oath, before the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury and York, but also received the blessed Sa-
crament upon the same, before the Duke of Norfolk, and other,
the King's Highness council learned in the spiritual law; assuring
you, Mr. Secretary, by the said oath and blessed body, which
afore I received, and hereafter intend to receive, that the same
may be my damnation if ever there were any contract, or promise
of marriage between her and me. At Newington-green, the
13th day of May, in the 2:8th year of the reign of our Sovereign
Lord King Henry VHIth, Your assured,

H. Northumberland."

To return to the sixth Earl of Northumberland. He married
Mary, daughter of George Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury,1 as we
have seen above, rather in obedience to his father than from
affection to the Lady. Nor did the marriage prove happy, for
she was delivered of a dead child; u nor had ever any issue that

r Anstis, vol. i. p. 384, 5. * Lord Herbert's Hist, and MS.

Vincent upon Brooke, &c. u From his own letters, MS.

314 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

survived.* And in the latter part of his life, he lived in a state
of separation from her;v drooping with a broken constitution,
till the execution of his brother, and the attainder of his family,
seem to have put an immediate end to his life j for he died in the
very same month in which his brother was executed, at his house
in Hackney, near London j and was buried in the choir of
Hackney church, with this Epitaph on his tomb, which was still
remaining in Weever's time.2

" Here lyeth interred Henry Lord Percy, Earl of Northum-
berland, Knight of the honourable Order of the Garter > ivho died
in this toiune the last of June 1537, the2Qth of Hen. the VHIthy
This Earl hath been called " Henry the Unthrifty," from
his having contracted debts, which, together with those of his
father, amounted to six thousand marks a at his first entering on
his estates, and which occasioned him afterwards to sell most of
the lands in Kent, which had descended to him from the Lords
Poynings, scil. the manors of Chelsfield,b North-Cray, and
Rokesley,c Seaton, Ulley, and Potbery, d Otterpley,e and East-
well, f #11 in the county of Kent, and probably others elsewhere.
He also made grants and long leases of his other estates. But
when he found the attainder of his brother and his family una-
voidable, ir^ the last moments of his life he bequeathed all his
estates to the King, probably by the wise forecast of some emi-
nent lawyers, by whom he appears to have been directed; s in
order that the great family estates, being vested in the crown,
might be capable, at some future period, of being restored to his
heirs j in which expectation he was not disappointed, as we shall
see hereafter. However,

On the death of Henry Percy sixth Earl of Northumber-
land, without heirs of his own body, and by the attainder of his
brother Sir Thomas, before mentioned, the Peerage of the noble
House of Percy became extinct. They had the mortification to
see the title of Duke of Northumberland conferred upon John
Dudley Earl of Warwick, by King Edward VI. in 1551, the fifth
year of his reign. But Dudley having forfeited his titles and life by

x MS. I. ii. in Offic. Arm. p 65.

r From papers relating to Aske's rebellion, in Chapter-House, Westm.

z See Weever's Funeral Monuments. a From his own letters, MS.

* Philipot's Villare Cantianum, fol. 1659. p. 110. c Ibid. p. 108.

* Ibid. p. 86. e Ibid p. 97. f Ibid. p. 354.

« From his own letters, MS.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 315

treason against Queen Mary in 1553; this princess, by her letters
patent, dated April 30, 1557, 3 and 4 Philip and Mary, " in
consideration of his noble descent, constancy, virtue, and valour,
in deeds of arms, and other shining qualifications" (as the word*
of the patent import) was pleased to advance Thomas Percy (son
of the said Sir Thomas Percy, attainted) to the degree of a Baron,
by the titles of Baron Percy of Cockermouth and retworth, Baron
Poynings, Lucy, Bryan, and Fitz-Payne, with entail of those ho-
nours,h to Henry, brother of the said Thomas, &c. Also, on
the day following, she promoted him to the dignity ■ of Earl of
Northumberland, with limitation likewise of that honour to Henry
his brother, &c. She also gave k him all the lands that had been
his ancestors, remaining at that time in her hands. His creation
was at Whitehall, with great ceremony, eight heralds, and twelve
trumpeters, going through the chamber, and through the hall.
1 Before him went the Earl of Pembroke, and the Lord Montagu,
then the Earls of Arundel and Rutland, himself walking in the
middle, in crimson velvet, and wore a hat of velvet, and a coronet
of gold on his head. This

Thomas Percy seventh Earl of Northumberland, (eldest
son of Sir Thomas Percy, Knight, who was second son of Henry
Percy fifth Earl and brother of Henry Percy sixth Earl) had
recommended himself to Queen Mary by crushing a rebellion
attempted by Thomas Stafford, m (second son to the Lord Stafford)
who, with a small party, instigated by the French, had, in 155/,
sailed from that kingdom, and seized on Scarborough castle j but
it was without delay retaken, and the rebels seized in it, by
Sir Thomas Percy, Knt. who was immediately after created Earl
of Northumberland, as is above mentioned.

This Earl, on August second following, viz. 4 and 5 Philip and
Mary, (1557) was constituted, with Thomas Lord Wharton,
jointly or severally, Wardens General of the marches of England
towards Scotland, viz. in the east march; and also Captain, or
Captains, of the town of Berwick upon Tweed ; with the same
powers and authorities as had before been granted by Richard II.
Henry IV. Henry V. Henry VI. Edward IV. Richard III.
Henry VII. Henry VIII. and Edward VI. viz. To examine into
all actions done contrary to the truce, and to punish delinquents

0

h Pat. 3 & 4 Phil. & Mar p io, i Pat ibid. & Rymer, vol.xv. p 463.

k Holinsh. Chron p-H33

1 Strype's Memorials of Queen Mary, p 375.

■ Sandford's Geneal. Hist, p 479 fol.

31<5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

according to their demerits, by imprisonment of their bodies, or
distress of lands, tenements, goods, and chattels: to take cog-
nizance of all plaints, pleas, and differences as well in prisoners,
spoil, and plunder, or other acts of hostility : to hold courts of
wardenships, and sessions, in any part of the east marches ; to
enquire after persons acting contrary to the- truce, and to pu-
nish them according to the nature of the offence : to en-
quire after persons holding correspondence with the enemy of
the kingdom ; to hear and determine all manner of plaints, pleas,
and differences, according to the law and custom of the aforesaid
marches, and town of Berwick : to appoint centinels, and others .
to discover all persons who should be enemies to them, or their
subjects : to array and muster all men fitting to bear arms, be-
tween the ages of sixteen years and sixty, within the borders of
the said east march. They likewise had power jointly and seve-
rally to agree to, and to make a cessation of arms from one week to
another, or month to month, with the Scots: to appoint two
deputies under them, and two other officers, called Warden Ser-
jeants, and other Sub -officers, as they should think proper : to
hold and enjoy the said office of Warden, and Captain of the
town of Berwick aforesaid to the said Earl of Northumberland,
and Lord Wharton, during pleasure, either by themselves or de-
puties. Likewise, on August 9 following, he was11 appointed
General Warden of the marches between England and Scotland,
viz. the middle-march, and of Tynedale and Riddesdale, with the
powers before-mentioned; also ° General Warden of the east-
march, and Captain of the town of Berwick, by himself, with the
same powers as with Lord Wharton,

! In the same year, he obtained a victory over the Scots, and
many were taken prisoners ;P whereof he advertised the Queen,
on November 18.

In the first year of Queen Elizabeth, hei was constituted
General Warden of the east and middle -marches towards Scot-
land; and soon after, one of the Commissioners for treating of
peace between England and Scotland; and concluded certain
articles, wherein the boundaries of both kingdoms were settled,
&c. as may be seen at large in Rymer's Fcedera, vol. xv. p. 521,
& seq. The treaty was signed at Upsetlington, r on May 31,
1559, by this Thomas Earl of Northumberland, and others, ma-
nagers for England.

« Rymer, vol xv. p. 472, 473, 474. ° Ibid p 475, 476, 477.

p Strype's Memoirs, vol iii. p. 386. n Pat 1 Eliz, p. 4.

r Camden's Life of Queen Elizabeth- in Hist of England, vol. ii p 374.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 317

In 2 Eliz. on the Protestants in Scotland representing to Queen
Elizabeth, ■ That from the time the Queen of Scots was married
to the Dauphin [Francis II.] the face of their government was
changed ; that foreign soldiers pillaged all that come to their
hands ; and that the best places in the kingdom were bestowed
on Frenchmen, &c. who were forming a project to seize on the
government, should things happen amiss with their Queen," it
was debated in council, and Sir Ralph Sadler was dispatched to
the borders of Scotland,3 to advise with the Earl of Northumber-
land, Warden of the middle-march, on that affair; and the Queen
and council resolving to drive the French out of that kingdom, '
William Lord Grey of Wilton was made Warden of the middle
and east-marches, which gave some distaste to the Earl of North-
umberland : but in the fifth year of Queen Elizabeth, he was
elected11 one of the Knights of the most noble Order of the
Garter j and we find no further mention of him till 1568, 10 Queen
Elizabeth.

In that year, as Camden writes, x Thomas Howard Duke of
Norfolk, Henry Fitz-Alan Earl of Arundel, this Earl of North-
umberland, Charles Nevil Earl of Westmoreland, William Herbert
Earl of Pembroke, Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester, with Sir
Nicholas Throckmorton, and others, began to clamour against
the Secretary Sir William Cecil, as they had done once or twice
before, about the supplies sent to the Protestants of France ;
though the real cause was, they envied the interest he had in the
Queen, and were jealous of his favouring the house of Suffolk in
the point of the succession, and were contriving to get him in the
Tower. But the Queen surprised them in the very instant, and
awed them out of those measures; -v and likewise defeated another
plot of theirs, more closely laid, to proclaim Mary Queen of Scot-
land undoubted heir to the English crown, should Queen Eliza-
beth do otherwise than well. And this Earl being privy z to the
intended match of Mary Queen of Scotland with the D. of Nor-
folk, and having a discovered to that Duke Leonard Dacre's de-
sign of getting the Queen out of her confinement at Wingfield,
in Derbyshire, in custody of the Earl of Shrewsbury, he grew
sensible of his danger, and b submitted himself to Thomas Rat-
cliffe Earl of Sussex, at that time President of the North, and,

• Camden's Life of Queen Elizabeth, in Hist, of Engl, vol ii. p. 379.

* Ibid. p. 38a u Vincent, p. 384. * Camden ut supra, p 417-

7 Ibid. z Ibid p. 41 9. a Ibid. p. 420.

»> Ibid. 421.

318 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

begged the favour of his mediation with the Queen on his behalf.
Yet soon after, on notice of the frequent consultations of the
Earls of Northumberland, Westmoreland, and others, Sussex, the
Lord President, sent for them, and examined them on that head.c
They flatly denied the guilt of any conspiracy, and made the
most solemn asseverations, that they were ready to venture their
lives for the Queen : wherefore they were discharged, and com-
missioned to enquire after the spreaders of the report. However,
jealousy of their behaviour increased to such a degree, that the
Queen commanded the Earl of Sussex to warn them up to Lon-
don, to avoid suspicion. But Sussex ordering them to meet him,
to consult about the affairs of his province (on what design is hard
to guess at, saith Camden) they thereupon made use of dilatory
excuses at first, and soon after flatly refused to come. The
Queen, hearing of it, sent them her peremptory orders to appear
presently before her (all excuses and pretences apart) to the end
she might either awe them out of any rebellious pursuits, or else
drive them to that extreme, before they had forces ready for such
a design.

As soon as the Earl of Northumberland had read the Queen's
letter, * between the softness of his nature (saith Camden) and
the consciousness of his guilt j the bigotry of his persuasion, and
the violence of his resentment for a conceived wrong done to him,
in relation to a rich copper-mine found upon his estate, by virtue
of the Queen's right to Royal mines j he seemed to labour under
a very great suspence, whether it were best to apply to her Ma-
jesty, or to seek his safety by flight, or turn rebel. His friends
and servants, who were ripe for mischief and sedition, observing
their master's irresolution, alarmed him [on November 14, 1560]
at midnight with the surprising cry, That Oswald, Ulstrop, and
Vaughan, his enemies, were ready with arms and men to take
take him prisoner. They intreated him not to betray himself,
his friends, and the faith of his ancestors; and represented to him,
that the Catholics were ready all England over, to assert the Ro-
mish religion ; and that the bells were rung backwards, almost in
every parish, to encourage people to an insurrection. The Earl
getting out of bed, withdrew to a lodge in his own park, near
TopclirTj and the next night retired to Branspeth, a seat of the
Earl of Westmoreland's, where he found a great number of
people.' The multitude were amused with divers pretences, and

c Camden ut supra, p. 42*.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 319

broke out into an immediate rebellion. They published a ma-
nifesto, " That they took up arms with no other design than to
restore the religion of their ancestors; to remove ill counsellors
from the Queen ; and to obtain justice to the Duke of Norfolk,
and other Lords in prison.' They likewise sent circular letters to
the Roman Catholics in the kingdom : but most of these sent the
letters addressed to them, together with the bearers thereof, to the
Queen. However, the insurgents in the mean time erected their
banner, which displayed the cross, together with the five wounds
of Christ, and was borne by Richard Norton, d of Norton Con-
yers, Esq. an ancient gentleman, who on this occasion distin-
guished himself with his sons, among whom Christopher, Mar-
maduke, and Thomas, are mentioned by Camden. Having en-
tered Durham, and caused mass to be said there, they marched
to Clifford -moor, near Wetherby, in the West-Riding of York-
shire, where they mustered their forces, and found them to
amount to four thousand foot and six hundred horse. Their in-
, tention was to have advanced to York, but altering their minds,
they assaulted Barnard-Castle, which was surrendered to them by
Sir George Bowes, after a siege of eleven days. By that time the
aforesaid Earl of Sussex was at the head of seven thousand troops;
Edward Lord Clinton, had collected twelve thousand more; and
the Earl of Cumberland, with Lord Scrope, commanded a nu-
merous body of forces in the neighbourhood of Carlisle, which
was secured by a strong garrison. The two insurgent Earls, who
expended their incomes in hospitality, and were much beloved on
that account, were masters of little ready money when they took
the field. The Earl of Northumberland had only brought with
him 8000 crowns, and the Earl of Westmoreland scarce any
money at all for the support of their forces; so that they were not
able to advance to London, as they had at first proposed. In
these circumstances, Westmoreland began so visibly to despond,
that many of his men slunk away ; but the Earl of Northumber-
land still kept up his resolution, and remained master of the field
till December 13, when the Earl of Sussex marched out of York
with his army, which was followed by a greater under Ambrose
Dudley Earl of Warwick. Northumberland and Westmoreland
retreated northwards to the borders, and their followers dispersing
there, they continued their route to Scotland, from whence the
Earl of Westmoreland found means to convey himself to the Ne-

d Ancestor of Lord Grantley.

320 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

therlands, where he died about the year 1584, and, being attainted
for this insurrection, was the last of his surname who bore the title
of Earl of Westmoreland.

The Earl of Northumbeiland had the misfortune to be plun-
dered, and otherwise ill-treated by the thievish borderers, in his
way to Scotland. However, at length he reached the house of
Hector Graham of Harlaw, who, having been under great obli-
gations to his Lordship, engaged his honour to be true to him ;
but, like a faithless wretch, for a sum of money betrayed his noble
guest, in January 1570, to James Stewart Earl of Murray, who
then acted as Regent, since the dethronement of the before-
mentioned Queen Mary. The said Hector, who, before that act
of perfidy, was rich, fell soon after into poverty, and became so
infamous, that u to take Hector's cloak," was a common proverb
to express a man who betrays his friend. The Earl of Northum-
berland was sent to the castle of Lochleven by the Earl of Murray,
who was shot at Linlithgow on the 23d of the aforesaid month of
Jan. by James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, in revenge of the
cruelties committed by Murray on his wife. Northumberland
continued prisoner in that fortress, under the custody of Sir Wil-
liam Douglas, uteriue brother to the said Earl of Murray, until
July 15/2, when, for a large bribe, he was delivered to Henry
Carey Lord Hunsdon, Governor of Berwick, by James Douglas
Earl of Morton, who, when a fugitive in England, for rebellion
about six years before, had been much indebted to his Lordship's
bounty and friendship, was one of the most virulent persecutors
of his injured Sovereign, Queen Mary; and at last, on June 2,
1581, suffered death for being concerned in the murder of her
husband Lord Darnley.

This unfortunate Earl of Northumberland was, after the mis-
carriage of his attempt, attainted of high-treason, and outlawed,
together with his Countess, and the Earl of Westmoreland,
Richard Norton, with his three sons aforesaid, Egremont RatclirT,
brother to the Earl of Sussex, Edward Dacre of Morton, John
Nevil of Leversage, John Swinbourne, Thomas Markenlield,
Christopher Nevil, George Stafford, Robert Tempest, Michael
Tempest, with about forty others of noble extraction, who had
also fled. The Earl of Sussex, and Sir George Bowes, before-
mentioned, Marshal of the army, exercised great barbarity upon
the inferior class of insurgents and their abettors. The former
caused sixty-three constables to be hanged at once at Durham;
and Sir George made his boast, that for sixty miles in length, and

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 321

forty in breadth, betwixt Newcastle and Wetherby, there was
hardly a town or village wherein he had not executed some of
the inhabitants.

The Earl of Northumberland, after his being given up to
Lord Hunsdon, was conveyed to York, and beheaded e there on
August 22, 1572; avowing the Pope's supremacy, affirming the
realm to be in a state of schism, and those obedient to Elizabeth
no better than heretics.

His Countess, before- mentioned, was Anne, third daughter to
Henry Somerset, second Earl of Worcester, ancestor to the Duke
of Beaufort. His Lordship, by that Lady, was father of an only
son, Thomas Percy, who died young, A. D. 1560, and was buried
at Leckingfield in Yorkshire : and also of four daughters, first,
Lady Elizabeth Percy, married to Richard Woodrofte, of Wolley,
in the county of York; second, Lady Lucy Percy, f the wife of Sir
Edward Stanley of Eynsham in the county of Oxford, and of
Tonge-Castle in Shropshire, Knight of the Bath; third, Lady
Jane (or Joan) Percy, espoused to Lord Henry Seymour, second
son of Edward first duke of Somerset; and fourth, Lady Mary
Percy, who was Prioress of the English nunnery at Brussels in
Brabant, and living in l621.s

By the attainder of this Thomas Percy seventh Earl of North-
umberland, his peerage would have become extinct, had it not
been for the above-mentioned entails of April 30, and May 1,
1557, 3 and 4 Philip and Mar)'; but in consequence thereof his
brother Sir Henry Percy, Knt. was summoned to parliament11 in
1576, 18 Eliz. as Earl of Northumberland, and Baron Percy,
Lucy, Poynings, Bryan, and Fitz-Payne, &c. This

HekryPercy, eighth Earl ofNorthumberland, had, dur-
ing his elder brother's life, eminently distinguished himself against
the Scots in the reign of Queen Mary; and as a letter of his to
Francis Talbot fifth Earl of Shrewsbury, then President of tl>e

e Hollingshed's Chron. and Speed's Chron, p 868- and Stow, p. 672.

' Dugdale (who seems to be led into the mistake by Ra. Brooke) men-
tions two Maries, viz- Mary, second daughter, wife of sSir Thomas Gray,
of Wark,Knt. and Mary, fifth daughter, Prioress at Brussels But Vincent,
who expressly tells us he had made inquiries on this subject of the family
themselves, informs us, there was but one daughter of the name of Mary,
who was the Prioress at Brussels- Perhaps she. had in her youth been con-
tracted to Sir Thomas Gray, Knt. who died in 1590, without issue; see below,
p. 420 g Journal of parliam. 18 Eliz.

h See her portrait in Harding's Biogr. Mirror. She was mother of Venetia
Digby. '

VOL. II. Y

322 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Council of the North, tends to shew the state of the borders alT
that time, a copy of it is annexed.

h To the Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord President of the North.

I perceive both your Lordships [the Earls of Shrewsbury and
Westmoreland] to accept my repair to this country [Northum-
berland] in such good part, as I have cause to rejoice thereof;
and further, to be desirous to know the occurrents from time to
time, happening in those parts. It may please your good Lord-
ship to understand, that' upon my repair to Alnwick, the last of
July past, sundry gentlemen of this country, with many other
honest men of the same, repaired thither unto me. With whom
I travelled till Wednesday at night last, in such sort, as we were
suffered to take very little rest, either by night or day: but by
the more part of nights and days on horseback, attended the in-
vasion of the enemy. And for the better resistance thereof,
placed myself, and my company, nigh to the frontiers, as at
Eslingtone, and other places thereabouts. And yesterday, being
the fifth of this instant, about five of the clock in the morning,
the Lord James, and Lord Robert, the late Scotch King's bastard
sons, Lord Hewme, and others of Scotland, with all the power
they could make in three days assembly of men from Edinburgh
hitherward, and with certain pieces of ordnance, did invade on
the east march of this realm; minded, as I learned by credible
intelligence, to have attempted to win the castle of Ford, and
have burnt sundry towns thereabouts, called the " Ten Towns of
Glendale." Which their purpose, upon my repair towards them,
with a good number of gentlemen, and others of this country,
they did quite alter and change : and after they had burnt a house
or two in the town of Fenton, where was taken and wounded to
death, as is supposed, one of their best borderers and guides,
Richard Davyson j with great haste and more fear (as by pluck-
ing ofT, and leaving a great number of white crosses, and the small
spoil, or prey of cattle by them seized, did appear) departed home
into Scotland, before we could in order come to them. Which,
considered, by the discreet advice of the gentlemen (whose good
conformity, and forwardness in service, I cannot but of good
cause much earnestly commend to your Lordship; whom I shall
•much humbly beseech further, to commend and advance the
same, upon this my just report, as may tend to their encourage*

»» Ex Epistol. Com Salop in Offic Armor, repostt Reprinted in Lodge's
Jllustr. B. H. vol. i p. 252.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. ' 323

ment of service hereafter) I did enterprize to invade the country
of the marches in Scotland, where was burnt sixteen towns, and
won a booty or spoil of 280 neat, and 1000 sheep, besides many
horses, and some prisoners.

This day, one aid of 600 men of the Bishoprick is repaired
towards Berwick ; which being placed, as my Lord Wharton
shall appoint, I doubt not but shall be able, by God's grace, to
withstand the enemy ; and the same considered, upon conference
therein had with my Lord Wharton, I do for sundry, my Lord, my
brothers, and mine own, much necessary business, depart hence to-
morrow towards Prudhow. And thus remaining, as I am thereto
most bound, your Lordship's assured to command at all times, I
beseech the eternal God to conserve your good Lordship, with
continuance and increase of much honourable estate. From Aln-
wick, the 6<h of August, 1557.

Your Lordship's most bounden to command,

Henry Percy.

After this, on the retreat of the Scots, Sir Henry Percy, * ac-
companied with Sir John Forster, and others, in the Middle
Marches, entered into Scotland, and burnt the houses of Lynton,
and sixteen towns more; routed Sir Andrew Carr, and divers bor-
derers, and brought off a great booty of cattle, &c.

In the second year of Queen Elizabeth, hek was employed,
by her, to sift the intentions of the Protestants in Scotland, who
stiled themselves Congregationers, and the measures they intended
to take; and, on condition that succours should be sent them,
upon what terms a good correspondence might be set on foot be-
tween the two kingdoms. Also the same year, he signalized
himself against the French, who were in Scotland, on the Queen
of that realm's marriage with Francis II. King of France;1 whereby
Queen Elizabeth thought it prudent to displace such dangerous
neighbours ; and thereupon raised an army for that purpose.
On March 30, the Lord Grey of Wilton, Lieutenant-General, m
Sir Henry Percy, General of the light-horse, with the forces under
their command, encamped at Dunglas, and marching by Dunbar,
certain horse and foot offered to skirmish, but on advance of the
English, retired within the town. On April 3, Sir Henry Percy,
and the principal commanders, rode to Pinkey, a house of the

1 Strype's Memorials, vol. iii p. 436. k Camden's Eliz p 379.

1 Stow's Annals, p. 640. ro Ibid, p.641.

324 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Abbot of Dumfernes, where they were met by the Earl of Arran,
and divers other noblemen of Scotland j and after dinner they
marched unto Salt-P/eston. On April 6, at a Cragge, called
Arthur's Seat, they were met by the Duke de Chateau Herault,
and many of the Scotch nobility -, and after a conference, having a
safe-conduct, departed towards Edinburgh, where the Queen was.

In 12 Eliz. on his brother's defection, he stood loyal to the
Queen," and with all the forces he could raise, accompanied Sir
John Forster, Warden of the middle march, against the Earl of
Westmoreland; and on December 7> routed his forces in the Bi-
shoprick of Durham j pursuing afterwards the scattered remains,
till an end was put to the rebellion.

He succeeded his brother as .eighth Earl of Northumberland,
on Aug. 22, 1572, by virtue of the intailj and in 18 Eliz. as
already mentioned, was summoned to parliament as Earl of North-
umberland, Baron Percy, &c.

In 27 Eliz. (as Camden ° writes) many being friends to Mary
Queen of Scots, and some attempting her delivery, subtle ways
were taken to try how men stood affected. " Counterfeit letters
were privately sent in the name of the Queen of Scots. Spies
were sent up and down the country to take notice of people's dis-
course, and lay hold of their words. Reports of vain and idle
stories were countenanced and credited. Hereupon many were
brought into suspicion, and among the rest Henry Earl of North-
umberland, was confined to his own house."

The Earl of Northumberland was suspected to have plotted
secretly with p Francis Throckmorton, Thomas Lord Paget, and
the Guises, for invading of England, and setting the Queen of
Scots at liberty, whom he always highly favoured. Whereupon,
being soon committed to the Tower, and there kept prisoner, he,
on Monday, June 21, 1585,^ was found dead in his bed, shot with
three bullets near his left pap, from a dagge or pistol, his
chamber-door being barred on the inside. The Coroner's inquest
having viewed the body; considered the place; found the pistol,
with gun-powder in the chamber 5 and examined his man who
bought the pistol, and him that had sold it, gave their verdict,
that he had killed himself. v The third day after, there was a full

11 Stow's Annals, p 663.

0 Lite of Queen Elizabeth, in History of England, vol. ii. p 497.

p Camden's Life of Queen Eliz- in Hist, of Engl, vol ii. p. 504.

« Stow's Annals, p. 706. r Camden, p. 504.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 325

meeting of the Peers of the realm in the Star- Chamber, where
Sir Thomas Bromley, Lord Chancellor, briefly declared, that the
Earl had been engaged in traiterous designs, and had lain violent
hands upon himself, being terrified with the guilty conscience of
his offence; and the Attorney and Solicitor General shewed the
reasons why the Earl had been kept in prison.

Camden recites, " Certainly many good men were much af-
fected, that so great a person, who was of a lively and active
spirit, died so miserable and lamentable a death; as well, becar.se
men naturally favour nobility, as that he had acquired singular
commendation for his valour. What suspicions the fugitives mut-
tered, concerning one BalirTe, one of Hatton's servants, and a
little before appointed to be the Earl's keeper, I omit; as thinking
not meet to insert any thing upon meer hearsays and reports."

By inquisition taken at TopclirT, October 2, after the decease
of the said Henry the eighth Earl of Northumberland, the jury
found that he was possessed of the following manors, with Ian !s,
&c. thereunto belonging,8 viz. the manor of SporTorth, with the -
park j tbe manors of Linton, Whitwell, Tadcaster, and Catton,
with the park; the castle and manor of Wresill, with the paik;
the manor of Newsham, with the park; the manors of Thornton,
Brinde, Grr.bthorp, and Loftsome ; the castles, lordship, and
manor of Leckenfield, with the park; the manors of TopclirTe,
Aystenby, Gristhayte, Kildale, Battersby, and Thurstenby; Percy's
Fee, with the appurtenances ; Gaunt's Fee, with the appur-
tenances; and the offices of Feodary of SporTorth, and TopclirTe,
with the rights thereunto belonging; the advowsons and vicarages
of the churches of Tadcaster, Wresill, Scarborough, Hunmanby,
Nafferton, Gisborne, Linton, and Kildale: All which the said
Earl's lands came to him by descent, and were held in capite; as
appears by the letters patents of the fourth and fifth of Philip and
Mary; and of restitution in 36 Hen. VIII. And the said Earl
was seised in fee, and by special reversion, of an annual rent of
172/. Is. Ad. issuing out of the manors and lands in Ribblesdale.,
Langstrothdale, Littondale, Gisborne, and Preston. He was al o
seised of the manors, &c. of Perelington, [Pocklinton,] Hunde-
manby, Wansford, Eymlin alias Gemlin, and Na ffe rton ; the
castle, manor, and Lordship of Whorlton, with the appurtenances;
which, by letters patent of July 12, 154-1, 36 Hen. VI II. were
granted to Matthew Stuart Earl of Lennox, and Margaret his

« Cole's Esc. Lib iv. MS p 240. Not 61. A- (?• in Bib! Harley

326 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

wife. All the said manors, &c. were in the county of York,
And in the county of Northumberland he was seised of the castle,
barony, lordship, and manor of Alnewyke, with the appurte-
nances and park, called Cawlege Park, West Park, and Hulne
Park ; the lordships and manor of Denwyke, Lesbury, Ayle-
mouth, Houghton, and many others. And in Sussex, of the
honour and manor of Petworth ; with divers other manors and
lands in the said county. To all which Henry, his son, was
found to be heir, and of the age of twenty-one years, and two
months.

He married Catharine, eldest daughter and coheir of John
Neville Lord Latimer, by Lucy his wife, second daughter of
Henry Somerset Earl of Worcester, and sister of Anne Countess
of Northumberland, before -mentioned, in p. 321. This John,
who deceased in 1577, was son of John Lord Latimer, who died
in 1542 j and grandson of Richard Neville Lord Latimer, who
deceased in 1531. The said Richard succeeded his grandfather
George Neville Lord Latimer (who died in 14(39, having outlived
his son Sir Henry Neville, Knt. father of the said Richard j)
which George was fourth son of Ralph Neville first Earl of "West-
moreland, by his second wife Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of
Gaunt, and having obtained by feoffment divers of the estates of
his uncle John Lord Latimer, who died without issue g Hen. VI.
was thereupon summoned to parliament as Lord Latimer in
10 Hen. VI. s

After the death of Henry eighth Earl of Northumberland, his
Countess Catharine was married secondly to Francis Fitton of
Binfield in the county of Berks, Esq. who appears to have
been son of Fitton of Cheshire, before-mentioned * and cousin-
german to the said Earl, by whom he had been employed
in many important commissions. She had no issue by Fitton
(who survived her many years) and dying October 28, 15Q6,
(38 Eliz.) she was buried in St. Paul's Chapel in Westminster-
Abbey : beitig seised at her death " of the manor of Kirkhameston,
and rectory ; of the manors of Greenhampton, Boulton, and Ba-
singthwaite, and advowson of the church j all in the county of
Cumberland : also of the manor of Burton-Latimer, with the
advowson of the church and manor of Cranford in com. North-
ampton •> whereunto Henry Percy, ninth Earl of Northumberland,

s See Banks's Baronage, vol. ii p. zqi.
» Lcland Itin. vol. v. p 94. (1st Ed.) u Cole, lib iv p. 206.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 327

her eldest son, was found to be her heir, and then of the age of
thirty-two years.

The said Henry eighth Earl of Northumberland, had by
the Lady Catharine his Countess issue eight sons, and three
daughters.

The sons were,

First, Henry Percy, x who was ninth Earl of Northumberland ;
of whom below.

Second, Thomas Percy, who died unmarried in April, 1587.

Third, William Percy, who being a man of learning and
genius, lived retired y at Oxford many years, and dying there, was
buried in Christ Church Cathedral, z May 28, 1648, having never
married.

Fourth, Sir Charles Percy, Knt. who having been knighted in
France by Robert Earl of Essex, A. D. 15QI, distinguished himself
in the wars in the Low Countries, and in Ireland. This Sir
Charles being concerned in the said Earl of Essex's insurrection,*
had his pardon 44 Elizabeth; and at the decease of that Queen
on March 24, 1602-3, was sent by the council b with their letters
of notification of the same to King James in Scotland. He mar-
ried Dorothy daughter of Richard Cocks of Dumbleton in com.
Glouc. Esq. and widow of Hutchins, Esq and dying without
issue in June 1628, was buried at Dumbleton, where his Lady
afterwards was interred beside him, in 16a6.

Fifth, Sir Richard Percy, Knt. born in 15/5, distinguished
himself also in the wars in Ireland in 15(jyy l600, 2-3. c He
never married, but retiring into France, died at Angiers in lfj48,
or l649.d

Sixth, Sir Alan Percy, baptized 2 July 1577, was made Knight
of the Rath in l604,e with Charles Duke of Albany, afterwards
King Charles I. He married in 1608, Mary, daughter and heir
of Sir John Fitz of Fitzford in Devonshire, but died without issue

x This account of the issue of the eighth Earl of Northumberland, so
full and accurate, is chiefly given from MS Collections of the late Thomas
Butler, Esq. agent to his Grace the Duke of Northumberland, and clerk of
the peace for the county of Middlesex, who died 1777. The births, &c are
chiefly from Petworth Register

> Straff Pap. ii 16S. where it is said by Mr Garrard 1638, that «4 he lives
obscurely in Oxford, and drinks nothing but ale."

* See A. Wood's MSS Ashmol Oxon. 8466. f 4.

a Rymer, xvi p. 452. * Stow's Annals, p. 816.

• Moryson's Itinerary, folio d Mr. Butler's MS. Collections.

e Anstis's Knights of the Eath, p 61

328 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

in 1613. His widow was married secondly to Thomas Darcy,
son to Thomas Earl Rivers ; thirdly, to Sir Charles Howard,
fourth son of Thomas Earl of Suffolk j and fourthly to Sir Richard
Granville, General to King Charles I. in the civil wars; and sur-
vived to the year l6?2, when dying without issue, she left her
estate to Sir William Courtney of Devonshire. c

Seventh, Sir Josceline Percy, Knt. (baptized 20 November
1578,) being also concerned in the Earl of Essex's insurrection,
had, with Sir Charles his brother, his pardon in 44 Eliz. and died
unmarried in 1631.S

Eighth, George Percy, the youngest son, was born 4 Sep-
tember 1580, and baptized the same day. His name appears in
1620, among the adventurers for Virginia. He is said to have
distinguished himself in the wars of the Low Countries, wherein
he had one of his fingers shot off, as his picture shows at Sion-
House, and that he was Captain of a company in 1627. He died
in March 1632, having never been married. h

The three daughters ' were,

First, Lady Anne Percy, who died an infant.

Second, Lady Lucy Percy, married first to Sir John Wotton,
Knt. and secondly, to Sir Hugh Owen of Anglesey, Knt. but who
died without issue. k

Third, Lady Eleanor Percy,1 baptized at Petworth 6 January
1582, and married to Sir William Herbert, Knight of the Bath,
who was created 5 Charles I. Baron Powis, and died in 1655,
having survived her, who deceased 1051. Their son and heir
Percy Herbert was second Lord Powis. m

We come now to the eldest son,

Henry Percy ninth Earl of Northumberland, who
succeeded his father Henry the eighth Earl, in his honours and
estates, was born in April 1564, so that he was aged twenty-one
years and two months (as is mentioned above) at the death of his
father in 1585. He took the first opportunity to signalize his valour
the same year, by embarking on December 8, 1585, with Robert
Dudley Earl of Leicester, for the wars in the Low Countries."

In the year 15S8, when this nation was threatened with that

f Mr Butler's MS. Collections. e Rymer, xvi. p. 45*.

»> Mr. Butler's MS. Collect Account of Virginia.

» From Mr. Butler's MS. Collections. * Ibid.

1 See Habington's Poems, entitled Cnstara.

m From Mr- Butler's MS Collections. n Stow's Annals, p. 711.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 329

most tremendous Spanish invasion, which was to annihilate its
liberties, laws and religion, he was one of those gallant young no-
blemen, who, out of love to their country (as Camden ° informs
us) hired ships at their own charge, and joining the English fleet,
under the command of the Lord Admiral Howard, shared the
glory of destroying the so much boasted invincible Armada.
• In 1593, .35 Eliz. his Lordship, Edward Somerset Earl of
"Worcester, and Edmund Lord Sheffield, were all elected Knights
Companions of the most noble Order of the Garter.

Being in 1601 at the siege of Ostend, and Sir Francis Vere
having been wanting in that respect, which he thought due to
him, as well as having countenanced reports to his disadvantage,
his Lordship so far resented this treatment, that he took the first
opportunity of Sir Francis's arrival in England to call him to an
account for it; which was in 1(302, 44 Eliz. for while he was
abroad, his public character protected him from the Earl's re-
sentment. This challenge, and all the proceedings relating
to it, made a great noise at that time, and are matter of some
curiosity, p

As the health of Queen Elizabeth now declined, and both she
and her ministers were thought not very well affected to her na-
tural successor King James of Scotland, the Earl of Northum-
berland entered warmly into the interests of that Prince, 1 and is
said to have proposed even hostile measures for asserting his rights,
in case any attempts should be made to defeat them. We shall
consider this conduct of the Earl, and the particular measures
themselves more fully below, when we come to see the returns
he met with for his loyalty and zeal ; and before we proceed fur-
ther with his history, stop a while to remark, that, independent
of that affectionate attachment to the House of Stuart, which this
Earl might naturally inherit from a father and uncle, who had
both died martyrs to that attachment, he might from the wisest
forecast, and the soundest policy, wish to promote an Union of
the two nations; which, while it gave consummate strength to
them both, and promised to them in general the most salutary
effects, offered peculiar advantages to those border countries
where the Earl of Northumberland had so wide a domain; and
where he and his ancestors must have long seen and lamented the

o Annals of Queen Elizabeth, p 547.

r See an authentic account of it, with the Letters that passed, in the last
Edition of Collins-

<i But see Lord Hailes's Secret Correspondence of Cecil, 1766, 8vo.; and
Cens Lit. vol ii. p. 194-

330 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

fatal effects of a divided empire. For, not to mention the state
of utter desolation, in which so large a tract of country lay for
many ages \ or the dreadful ravages which its unhappy possessors
were continually exercising on each other of the opposite nation ;
the ferocious spirit, which their hostile situation inspired at home,
and the horrible effects of their own domestic feuds added so
severely to their other calamities, that the Union would have
proved to them the greatest of blessings, if it were only for its
happy influence in introducing gentler manners, and such a spirit
of friendliness and kindness, as, together with their ancient hos-
pitality, now render the inhabitants of the North a pattern to
their Southern Countrymen.1"

But to return to the History of Henry Percy ninth Earl of
Northumberland.

On the death of Queen Elizabeth, hes was one of the Lords
assembled in council, who signed, at the palace of Whitehall, on
March 1603, the letter to the Lord Eure, and other commis-
sioners, for the treaty at Breame; signifying to them, ' That the
Queen deputed this life on the 24th, and that King James of
Scotland was become King of England, and received with uni-
versal acclamations, and consent of all persons, of whatsoever de-
gree and quality.'

And his Lordship's brother, Sir Charles Percy, being sent to
King James in Scotland, by the council, to notify the death of the
Queen j the King at Edinburgh, in answer to their letter, * au-
thorising the continuance in office of all the Lords, and other
Counsellors to the Queen ; signified, at the same time, his fur-
ther pleasure, that the Earl of Northumberland should be added
to their number.

On May 3, his Majesty being at Broxbome in Hertfordshire,
in his way to London from Scotland, was met by his great officers
at the house of Sir Henry Cock; u where the Earl of Northum-
berland was present in council, on the King's delivery of the
great seal to Sir Thomas Egerton. His Lordship x attended on
the King from thence to the Tower of London.

In 2 Jac. I. he was in commission, v with others of the council,
to put the laws in execution against all Jesuits, Seminary Priests,

r See a curious account of these deadly feuds in the last Edition of Collins.
* Rymer, Vol. xvi p. 493, 494. « Stow's Annals p. 816.

0 Rymer, vol. xvi. p 495. * Stow's Annals, p. 824

y Rymer, vol. xvi. p. 597.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 331

or other priests, made or ordained according to the order or rite
of the Romish church, since the beginning of the reign of Queen
Elizabeth. And the King authorises, that they shall be exiled or
banished, in such manner and form, as any six, or more of them,
shall think expedient. The same year he was K one of the wit-
nesses to the creation of the King's second son, Charles Duke
of Albany, to the title of Duke of York: and about that time
he was made Captain of the Band of Gentlemen Pensioners.

On Sunday, May 5, following, on the christening of the
Princess Mary, at the court in Greenwich, which was per-
formed with great solemnity,51 the Earl of Northumberland bore
the bason she was christened in, and the Lady Arabella and the
Countess of Northumberland were god mothers.

In the midst of these honours and distinctions, which were
shewn to the Earl of Northumberland and his family -, when he
seemed to be in a state of prosperity beyond what any of his pro-
genitors had experienced for many generations, he suddenly expe-
rienced a fatal reverse, and was plunged in difficulties and trou-
bles, which clouded the remaining part of his life. This was by
the discovery of the Gunpowder-plot in the very evening before
the 5lh of November 1605, when it was to have taken place. As
one of the principal conspirators was Thomas Percy, a relation of
the Earl's, (see above,) and one of his principal officers, the Earl
became obnoxious to government, and suffered extremely both in
his person and fortune.

We have seen above, that on the decline of Queen Elizabeth's
health, when apprehensions were entertained by many of the no-
bility that she had no good liking to King James of Scotland, and
meant to defeat the succession, none entered so warmly into the
interests of King James b as the Earl of Northumberland. He of-
fered to raise forces in his favour, c and is even said to have sup-
plied that King with money. d The agent of these negotiations
was Thomas Percy, who was afterwards concerned in the Gun-
powder-plot, but who was at that time so acceptable to King
James, that Osborn e says s< he had lien many nights in the King's
chamber." Though the Earl of Northumberland was a firm pro-
testant, Percy, his agent, was a papist, and it must have occurred
to all that wished well to King James's succession, to secure the

2 Rymer, vol xvi p 606. 607 a Stow, p. 863.

1, But see Secret Correspondence ut supra.

« Osborn's Memoirs of King James, sect. iy. a Ibid. e Ibid.

332 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Roman catholics, a large and powerful body in that age, and who
were naturally devoted to James, through his late unfortunate
mother. Accordingly, Percy brought the most flattering pro-
' mises from the King of toleration and indulgence in his future
reign, and commands to the Earl to cultivate and secure an in-
terest with the chiefs of that persuasion. These hopes and these
commands were only verbal : for James was too cautious to suffer
any thing of this sort to appear under his hand) but he sent a
letter to the Earl f in other respects sufficiently encouraging, and
the negotiations were carrying on, according to the plan proposed,
when Queen Elizabeth died.

Immediately on his accession, King James finding himself
received without difficulty by his protestant subjects, was easily in-
duced to disregard the hopes which had been excited in the
Roman catholics : and to remove the jealousy of the former, lest
he should retain any partiality for these, like his unhappy mother,
he was urged to begin his new reign by fresh severities, and by
putting the penal laws in force against popish recusants. This
brought the reproaches of the whole party on their agent Percy ;
who, finding he had been thus deceived by the new government,
and had forfeited his credit with all the chiefs of his own persua-
sion, was driven almost to madness ; and being a man of strong
passions, and a violent zealot, was provoked to concert, with a
few desperate persons like himself, a plot, which promised at
once to gratify his revenge for his own personal wrongs, and for
the slight and insult offered to his religion.

This was the origin of the Gunpowder Treason-Plot : which,
while it was hatching and preparing in secret by his malecontent
kinsman, the Earl of Northumberland lived contented and happy;
and though he could not but disapprove James's conduct with
respect to the Roman catholics, yet, as he had an easy fortune, an
increasing family, and enjoyed many favours under the new go-
vernment, he could have had no motive for wishing to overturn
it, in the cruel manner proposed by the conspirators ; and being
of a different religion himself, it is utterly incredible that be should
have been privy to so horrible a design for establishing popery.

He had, however, been made by the King Captain of the
Band of Gentlemen Pensioners, and he had admitted his kinsman
to be one of his band, from a very natural desire to promote and

f From the Account of the Earl's Trial in the Star-Chamber. Harl MSS .
No, 389 (15.) fol in.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 333

favour one of his own relations ; and, knowing Percy's religious
scruples, he had connived at his not taking the oaths : and when
the plot was discovered, whether the attempt appeared to him in-
credible, he was judged not to have shown sufficient vigour in
trying to apprehend his kinsman, whom he probably thought to
have been very ill used in the former negotiations. But what was
the most cruel treatment of all, those very negotiations with the
Roman catholics, which the Earl had entered into in support of
James's interests, in the latter end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, at
the extreme hazard of his life and fortunes, were now made the
first article of the charge against him. And King James appears
to have thought it the shortest and easiest way to cancel the great
obligations he was under to the Earl of Northumberland, by
having him prosecuted for a supposed privity to his kinsman's
treason. He was accordingly apprehended, and (as Osborn ex-
presses it &) " after endeavour failed to find him so far smutted
with the gunpowder-plot, as might engage his life \ he was cast
into the Star Chamber, that den of arbitrary justice :" and there
taxed by the attorney general Coke, with the above offences, set
off and aggravated with all the virulence of personal abuse, with
which it was usual in that age to insult the accused. The Earl
stood upon his defence, and gave sufficient answers to all the above
articles ; but as Percy was killed on the first discovery of the
plot, and as the King now could very safely deny the verbal mes-
sages which that negotiator had brought to the Earl and the
Roman catholics, the Earl was advised to admit the charge, and to
throw himself upon the King's mercy ; " which was so great (to
use the words of the writer h so often quoted) that when he was
fined 30,000/. with imprisonment in the Tower during his Ma-
jesty's pleasure, he made him pay the greatest part of the money,
and kept him in there divers years." For which Osborn ' gives it
as a report then current, " that the King thought him too intimate
with his son Henry, who, in vindication of this Earl's persecution,
cast a malignant aspect on the houses of Suffolk and Salisbury,
though no ways avertable but by his death."

To resume the thread of this history, it is necessary to recite,
that the Earl of Northumberland, only on suspicion, was com-
manded to keep his house, on November 7th ; " and after a while,"
as Stow k informs us, " was committed to the custody of the Lord

« Ubi supra, sect 19. h Osborn, ubi supra, sect. 19.

i Ibid. 20. k Stow, p. 880.

334 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Archbishop of Canterbury (Richard Bancroft) at Lambeth -, and
on the 27th of the same month, the said Earl was sent to the
Tower."

On June 27th following, h he was brought from the Tower
into the Star Chamber, and there convicted of the several con-
tempts, misprisions, and offences following, viz.

First, *? For endeavouring to be the head of the Papists, and
to procure them toleration.

Second, " For admitting Thomas Percy to be one of the
King's Gentlemen Pensioners, without ministering to him the
oath of supremacy, knowing the said Percy to be a recusant.

Third, " Whereas the said Earl, being and sitting in council,
with the other Lords, and saw apparent inducement, that the said
Thomas Percy was a chief practiser and contriver of the most
horrible treason newly discovered j and the said Earl being, by
the good and just reason of the King and council, restrained and
commanded to keep his house, yet the said Earl wrote two several
letters into the north parts, unto his friends and servants, to have
a care of his money and revenues ; supposing the said Thomas
Percy to be fled into those parts ; negotiating (with) them, to pre-
serve the same from the hands of Thomas Percy, and to bring the
said treasure up unto him ; utterly neglecting to give any com-
mandment for apprehending the said Thomas Percy, being known
for so damnable and dangerous a traytor.

Fourth, " In presuming to write, and send letters, after his
restraint, without leave of his Majesty, or his privy-council.

Fifth, " That he being a privy counsellor, sworn to preserve
the King's Majesty, and the state 5 to have more care of his
treasure than of the King and state, without any endeavour to
apprehend so dangerous a traytor, as he knew the said Percy
was.

Sixth, u Lastly, his letters into those parts, where Percy was
fled j the said Earl, knowing at the council table how the state of
all things stood against him, was to give him a watch word and
intelligence for his further flight and escape, &c.

" For the which, the said Earl was adjudged to pay a fine, to
the use of his Majesty, of thirty thousand pounds, and to be dis-
placed and removed from the place of a privy-counsellor, and from
being captain of his Majesty's pensioners, and from being lieute-

» Stow, p. 884

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 335

nantof any of his Majesty's counties, and from all, and every other
offices, which he held of his Majesty's grace and favour ; and
hereafter to be disabled to take upon him, or exercise any of the
said offices and places, and to return prisoner to the Tower of
London, there to remain during his life."

A more severe sentence could hardly have been passed, with-
out bereaving him of his life and all his estate j and without doubt
it much induced his son, Algernon, tenth Earl of Northumber-
land, to espouse that party, which in the reign of Charles I. abo-
lished the said tyrannical court of Star Chamber, the authority of
which had subsisted by the ancient common laws of England, and
was confirmed by statute in 1487, 3 Henry VII. from which time
it continued in full force until 1641, when King Charles I. con-
sented to its being entirely laid aside.

In his letter to the lords of the council, dated 11th November,
lf305, the Earl urges these strong considerations in his favour,
*' Consider, I desire your Lordships, the course of my life, whether
it hath not leaned more, of late years, to private dcmesticall plea-
sures, than to other ambitions. Examine but my humors in
buildings, gardenings, and private expences, these two years past.
Look upon those fewe armes at Sion ; my stable of horses at this
instant, the dispersedness of them, and of my servants} the little
concourse of followers j and your Lordships will finde they be
very consonante one to another 3 and all of tbem to put by all
jealousie. Weigh but a little further, that not any one of these
men yet known, or that have busied themselves in this action, so
much as their faces have been noted of me (Percy only excepted);
besides, look but into the store of treasure I had gathered into
my purse against this tyme (which I will be ashamed to write)
but your Lordships may understand, upon enquiry 5 and there
will, in some of them, be found certain circumstances, that will
lead on to a better and certain knowledge of the thing in question ;
in what sort, or howe, or to whome, out of these particulars,
your Lordships shall procede, I leave to your graver judgments."

And in an address to the King himself (July 2d, 1606) after
sentence was past, he thus expresses himself, concerning his agent
Percy. M I thought I had chosen an honest instrument, and fitt,
because of the place he laid in, to be the carrier of my letters;
but I finde to my sorrow, that he had craft and poison laid up in
his breast, against your Majesty, the state; and unfaithfulness to
me. And it is most true, he ever seemed to me to be so much

336 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

affected with duty to your Majesty, as I protest I loved him the
better for it, and trusted him the more. But I tinde he both
abused your Majesty and me. Your Majesty, in using my name
to you, in things he had no commission for : me, in using my
name amongst those of his faction, where not soe much as any
one man was ever knowne to me, or negotiated withall, by any
man living from me.". . . .<f Therefore I most humbly desire your
Majesty, that in this case of my loyalty and dutie towards you,
you will be pleased to free me in your thoughts, and to judge of
it as it is. That is, I protest before the living God, true, faithful,,
without spott or blemish, in the least inward of my hartej and
without which interpretation, I desire not to live. And withall,
that out of the justness of your Majesty's nature, you will not
conceive this long silence of mine hitherto, to procede from
anie other reason, or humour, than that the thing I was suspected
of, and charged withall, was to have some kinde of notice of this
horrible, and inhumane fact 5 to which, all this time, I could
pleade but innocency, thinking that time, and examinations, was
the clearest way tocleare me from that imputation, and to satisfy
your Majesty. P'or these other accidents which have concurred
to the aggrevating of the former jealousys, and now shewed -} for
which I have received a censure, I most humbly crave your Ma-
jesty's pardon .... And I beseech your Majesty, let not the
weakness of advice, though not wholesome, or the neglect of some
dutys, or indiscretion, and oversights, overbalance the attribute
you have gained, in being forgivefull. In these points I can say
nothing, but lay myself at your Majesty's feet; I can think
nothing, but to attend your pleasure; and I can pray for nothing,
but that I have asked before j not doubting, but if it shall please
you to look uppon me with the eyes of mercy, you shall raise a
faithfull subject, that willingly wil be ready, to sacrifice his life in
your service. And so most humbly kissing your hand, I must re-
main ever and ever, your Majesty's Vassal, &c."

So again, in a subsequent petition (dated September 13th,
1606,) he thus refers to the King's own private conviction of his
loyalty. "Howsoever, it hath pleased the Lords to censure me, I
doe appeale to your Majesty, a higher judge, for favour, who
knows more than them all in this case."

And afterwards (Lett. November 24th, 1606,) he deprecates
the King not to suffer him thus imprisoned to spend the better
part of his life in sorrow j <e in his days, under whom I had more
reason to looke for comforte than in hers, that was your pre-

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 337

decessor. Since my hearte can bear a true testimony to itselfe,
that I did never, in thoughte or deede, willinglie, consent to any
thing, that I conceived might be prejudicial to your Majesty, or
yours. And as I speake truely, or falsely, soe I pray God to
deale with me in the last day of judgment."

And in the following year, in his address to the King, (dated
March 2d, 1606,) he thus urges his well-known attachment to
King James's interests. u I know your Majesty's noble and
worthy harte cannot forgett him, that ever vowed his faith and
service with that zeale that i have done. I say such a zeal,
as no creature, nor mine own conscience, can soe muche as laye
the least spott of unfaithfulness to my charge."

Northumberland did not know that the drift of Cecil's cor-
respondence had been to depreciate and blacken him with James,
as we now find by the letters themselves, published ■ in 1766.

To conclude this melancholy subject, when the Earl of Nor-
thumberland found how little he could hope either from his own
or his ancestors former services, or from James's gratitude or hu-
manity, he (on Jauuary 7th, 16O8) sent the following spirited
address.

" At my last solliciting your Majesty by my wife, to thinke.
of my libertie, it pleased you to saie, you would take your owne
tyme. I have not byne importunate since, because I conceaved
it disliked you ; though be it a matter almost the dearest thing
man enjoyes. Your Majesty hath byne a King manie years, and
can judge of offences. I will not therefore dispute of myne, but
must still be an intercessor for my selfe to your Majesty, for your
favourj and I beseech you, let the former desire of my house
and selfe, to doe you service, move you somewhat. ... It pleased
your Majestie, among other speeches, uppon her urging of my
innocencie, to wish "I could prove that Percie gave me not
notice" (the verie maine pointe of my troubles.) Your Majestie,
that is soe greate a schollek, and so juditious, cannot but
know, how impossible it is to prove a negative j and therefore
most humblie laying at your Majestie's feete this my humble pe-
tition, I rest your Majesty's loyall subject, &c."

But neither petition nor remonstrance could avail this unfortu-
nate nobleman. After various pretences to extort the money
from him, as that it was to pay the Queen's debts, &c. (See a

m " The Secret Correspondence of Sir Robert Ceciil with James VI. King
•f Scotland. Edinburgh, 1766- 8vo.''

VOL. II. Z

338 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

letter, dated February 2d, l6ll), the King finally insisted on his
paying 20,000/. of the fine; and when the Earl found it difficult
to make good the payments, the King seized on his estates, and
granted leases of them, &c. &c. a very unusual rigour even in that
arbitrary age, considering the nature of the court where the Earl
had received sentence; for, as the Earl well argues, in a letter to
the Lord Treasurer Cecill, then Earl of Salisbury; (dated Feb.
2d, l6ll.) ' the nature of censures in the Star Chamber is ad
terrorem, non adruinam; men are put into Kings hands, that
they may use mercy, not rigour of sentence. And this hath been
your Lordship's own conceit of that court, as unwilling to be there,
farther than duty commanded ; where nothing was to be pro-
nounced but lashings and slashings, finings, and imprisoning.*. '

However, the Earl made one vigorous effort to stave off the
impending ruin, by causing his Countess to present her petition
to the King at Hampton Court on his return from a progress,
September 30th, 1612, viz. "Most gracious Soveraigne, upon the
last petition exhibited to your Majesty, for abating, and installing
of my Lord's fine, Mr. Chancellor of the Exchequer n signified
your pleasure, that 20,000/. should be paid by 3000/ a year; a
summe which your Majesty may understand cannot be had, with-
out a great hindrance to me, and my childrens preferments. And
because my Lord, upon hope of your Majesty's more gracious
consideration, hath not promised payment thereof, there are leases
made of all his lands to your Majesty's receivers of those countys,
where those lands lie ; who have taken possession of them by
virtue of those leases, and do purpose to receive the whole revenue
to your Majesty's use. So as we are put to one of these extre-
mitys, either to pay that, which my Lord's estate cannot bear, of
to run into a greater inconveniencie, that will be no way proffitable
to your Majesty, and ruinous to us. I humbly intreat your Ma-
jesty, to look into the chrystall of your own harte, and see there,
whether my Lorde hath done any act that can merite such an en-
sample of proceedings for a fine in the Star Chamber. That no
recorde, as it is conceived, can any way equall, either in greatness
of the fine, greatness of the installment, or in this rare and un-
known course of execution. And therefore I humbly beseech
your Majesty, to be graciously pleased to be informed by the pre-
cedents of the same court (whereof some are hereunto annexed)
how your Majesty's noble progenitors, Kings and Queens of this

" Sir Julius Csesar, Knt.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 339

realm, have seized, abated, and installed them. Neither can T be
persuaded, that your Majesty's wants will hinder this grace and
favour, how colourably soever pretended for this proceeding. For
though the levying of so great a fine of money, and in this manner,
is likely to prove the undoing of me, and my children, whom your
Majesty promised, out of your grace, you would never hurt with
this fine, when I was an humble suitor to you. Yet it wilbe so
small a supply to your Majesty's pretended wants, that it wilbe
scarcely seen, much less felte* and God forbid, that one or two
poore creatures should suffer, because your Majesty's coffers are
empty. And far be it from the thought of any good subject to
believe, that any such formall pretence will cause your Majesty
to lay so heavy a burden upon me, and mine, whose years now
are at hand most to require it -, and who, in all our actions, have
approved ourselves dutiful and loyal to your Majesty.

'Humbly also entreating your Majesty to revoke the said
leases, and to make a milder sessation ; ° for if your Majesty shall
persevere in this course (which God forbidd) we are likely to in-
dure such harme, as none in this case hath ever done, in this your
happy kingdom. And if it please your Majesty, but to remember
when I was an humble suitor, some six years since, for my Lord's
liberty j when it had pleased your Majesty, out of your gracious
disposition, to free my Lord Mordaunt, and my Lord Stourton ; I
then laying open the smallness of the offences my Lord was cen-
sured for, your Majesty said, it was not for those censures that he
was so restrained, though his own kindred laid it upon him ; but
that your Majesty must have a care of the safety of your own
barnes: which I hope time hath given you understanding, how
little those fears are to be fostered in the harte of a King, ruling
over dutiful subjects j and not to fall, after so long time, to so
severe a course, for matter of profflt, &c."

In consequence of this address, the leases were, indeed, re-
called, but the Earl was obliged to pay the whole twenty thousand
pounds j (an immense sum for that age,) which he did by install-
ments, without the least abatement. But although his fine was
paid in 1614, it was not till July 18th, 1621, that he was released
from the Tower, at which time the great guns were discharged
for joy of his delivery, (as Camden writes) after a confinement of
more than fifteen years : which the Earl spent in the wisest and
noblest manner, in the company and conversation of the most

9 Probably, Seization, i. c Seisure.

3 10 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. '

eminent scholars, to whom he allowed salaries for their regular
attendance on him during his confinement ; and in having ac-
curate surveys made of all his estar.es> which continue to this day
the most useful legacies he could bequeath to his posterity.

Had not this cruel imprisonment befallen him in his prime of
life, so vigorous and active a mind in all probability would have
done his country the service of preventing several invasions on the
liberty of the subject. We have mentioned above his regard for
learning : and so liberal an encourager was he of literature, arts,
sciences, and especially the mathematics, that (as we have said)
he allowed pension* to several learned men. Anthony Wood re-
lates, p " That the Reverend Mr. Nathaniel Torporley, a noted
mathematician, being known to the great Earl of Northumber-
land, Henry Percy, the generous favourer of all good learning,
was received into his patronage, and had a pension paid yearly
unto him, for several years, from his purse." The same atthor
gives also this ? account ; ' Thomas Hariot went in 1584, with Sir
Walter Raleigh, to Virginia, where he was employed in the dis-
covery and surveying thereof, &c. After his return into England,
Sir Walter got him into the acquaintance of that noble and
generous Count, Henry Earl of Northumberland; who, finding
him to be a gentleman of an affable and peaceable nature, and well
read in the obscure parts of learning, did allow him a yearly pen-
sion of 120/. About the same time, Robert Hues, and Walter
Warner, two other mathematicians, who were known also to the
said Count, did receive from him yearly pensions also, but of less
value -, as did Torporley. So that when the said Earl was com-
mitted prisoner to the Tower in 1006, Hariot, Hues, and Warner,
were his constant companions, and were usually called the Earl
of Northumberland's Three Magi. They had a table at the
Earl's charge j and the Earl himself did constantly converse with
them, and with Sir Walter Raleigh, then in the Tower." Wood
also informs us, that Nicholas Hill, another scholar, proficient in
the same recondite studies, was also " taken into the retinue of
that most noble and generous person, Henry Earl of Northum-
berland, with whom he continued for some time in great es-
teem.1" As also Thomas Allen, an eminent antiquary, philoso-
pher, and mathematician, *c who was often courted to live in the
family of that most noble and generous Count Henry Earl of

p Wood's Athenae Oxoniens. vol. i. p £66. <3 Ibid. 460, 571.

r Ibid. p. 365.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 341

Northumberland, a great patron of mathematicians: whereupon,
spending some time with him, he was infinitely beloved and ad-
mired not only by that Count, but by such artists, who then lived
with, or often retired to him, as Tho. Harriot, John Dee, Walt.
Warner, Nath. Torporley, &c. the Atlantes of the mathematic
world.' s From his fondness for such studies, he was called of
some Henry the Wizard.

His Lordship had been created Master of Arts of the Univer-
sity of Oxford, on August 30, 1605, King James being there at
that time ; when the same degree was taken by Lodowick Stuart
Duke of Richmond, Henry Vere Earl of Oxford, and other no-
blemen. But in the list, this mention is made of the Earl:1
" Henry Percy, the most generous Count of Northumberland, a
great encourager of learning, and learned men, especially mathe-
maticians, who, as well as others, have, in a high manner, cele-
brated his worth."

Wilson, in his Life of King James I. u relates, ' That the
Lady Lucy Percy, the Earl's youngest daughter, of incomparable
beauty, (solemnized in the poems of the most exquisite wits of
her time) married the Lord Haye (after Earl of Carlisle) against
her father's will (who aimed at a higher extraction) during his
imprisonment; which the old Earl's stubborn spirit not brooking,
would never give her any thing; and Haye, whose affection was
above money (setting only a valuation upon his much admired
bride) strove to make himself meritorious, and prevailed so with
the King, for his father-in-law, that he got his release.' [They
were married on Novembers, l6l7,x and the King honoured
the wedding with his presence at supper ; and it was not till
four years after that he was freed.] * But the old Earl would
hardly be drawn to take a release from his hand, so that when he
had liberty, he restrained himself; and with importunity was
wrought upon, by (such as knew the distemper of his body might
best qualify those of his mind) persuading him, for some indis-
position, to make a journey to the Bath, which was one special
-motive -to accept of his son in-law's respects.

* The stout old Earl, when he was got loose, hearing that the
great favourite, Buckingham, was drawn about with a coach and
six horses (wondered at then, as a novelty, and imputed to him as

* Wood's Athenae Oxoniens. vol i. p. 574, 575.

£ Wood's Fasti, I. 172- u Gen. Hist, of Eng II. 719, 720.

* Camden's Annals. Gen. Hist, of Eng II. 648.

342 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

a mastering pride) thought if Buckingham had six, he might very
well have eight in his coach; with which he rode through the
city of London to the Bath, to the vulgar talk and admiration :
and recovering his health there, he lived long after at Petworth
in Sussex.' Thus far my author Wilson.

On his return from the Bath, he retired to his seat at Petworth,
and was visited there by most of the first quality, and very rarely
came to town. Towards the latter end of King James's reign,
in August 1620, there were, at one time with him at Petworth, y
the Marquis of Buckingham (the great favourite of that King,
and his son Charles I.) the Earl of Suffolk, Lord Treasurer 5
William Earl of Pembroke, Lord Chamberlain ; his brother the
Earl of Montgomery; the Lord Percy his own son; also his two
sons-in-law, the Lord Viscount Lisle (afterwards Earl of Lei-
cester) and the Viscount Doncaster (afterwards Earl of Carlisle)
Sir George Goring (afterwards Earl of Norwich) Sir Henry
Rich (afterwards Earl of Holland) and several other Knights and
Gentlemen.

Henry ninth Earl of Northumberland, died on the anniversary
of the day, that had been so fatal to him, viz. November 5, 1632,
aged 70 ; z and was buried in the family vault in Petworth church
in Sussex.

He married Dorothy,* widow of Sir Thomas Perrot, Knt.
This Lady, who was sister of Queen Elizabeth's favourite Ro-
bert Ii. Earl of Essex, was daughter of Walter Devereux first
Earl, by Letitia his wife, daughter of Sir Francis Knollys, Knight
of the Garter, and of Catharine* Carey, cousin-german of that
Queen ; her mother being daughter of Mary Boleyn, sister of
Queen Anne Boleyn, by William Carey,' Esq. ancestor of the
Lords Hunsdon, &c. *

The ninth Earl of Northumberland, by his said Countess Do-
rothy, (who died August 3, 1619, c and was buried at Petworth)
had issue four sons and two daughters.
The sons were, d

First, Henry; second, Henry j who both died infants, one of
whom deceased in 1597. e

y Sidney's Letters of State, vol.!. p. 124, 125.

z His Epitaph at Petworth.

» Vincent upon Brooke Dugdale's Baronage, &c. b Ibid.

c £pitaph at Petworth. <* Mr. Butler's Collections.

e Epitaph at Petworth.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 343

Third, Algernon Percy; who was tenth Earth of Northum-
berland.

Fourth, Henry Percy, who was created Lord Percy of Aln-
wick, of whom below.

The daughters were,

First, Lady Dorothy Percy, baptized at Pet worth August 20,
1598, f and married in I6l8 to Robert Sidney,? who was after-
wards second Earl of Leicester in 1626, and died in 1677, aged 81 .h
This his Countess died before him, August 19, l65Cj;i being mo-
ther of a numerous and illustrious issue j among which were Al-
gernon Sidney the patriot, and Dorothy Countess of Sunderland;
celebrated by Waller under the name of Sacharissa.

Second, Lady Lucy Percy, who was married (as is men-
tioned above,) in 1617, (15 Jac. I.) when she was only in her
eighteenth year, to James Lord Hay of Salley, or Sauley, in com.
Ebor.k who in May, 17 Jac. I. was created Viscount Doncaster;
and September 13, 20 Jac. I. (1622.) Earl of Carlisle. He died
April 25, l()36.1 She was his second wife, and one of the most
admired beauties of her"1 time; n being celebrated by Voitnre in
French, and by all the contemporary poets in English, especially
by Waller; in the edition of whose works by Fenton, may be
seen a studied character of this great Lady, written by Sir Tobie
Matthews. She is accused by Lord Clarendon ° of perplexing
the King's affairs, and is said to have given notice to Pym of the
King's coming to the house to seize the rive members, p She was
one of the first patrons of General Monk j 1 and died on the same
day that had been so fatal to her family, viz. November 5, l6()Q.r
Of her two brothers, I shall first mention the youngest,

Henry Percy, afterwards Lord Percy of Alnwick, (youngest
6011 of Henry ninth Earl of Northumberland) while he was the
Honourable Mr. Percy was a great favourite of King Charles First's
Queen, as appears from the Earl of Leicester's letter to him

f Pet worth Register.
B Collins's Introduction to Sidney Papers, 2 vols foKo.
k See an account in the Sidney Papers, of a most singular quarrel between
this Lord, and his brother-in-Jaw, Lord Hay, which happened at Petivortb.
» Collins's Introduction to Sidney Papers, z vols, folio.
k Dug. Bar. IL I Ibid.

»» The original portrait of her by Vandyke is at Mr. Barrett's at Lee,
near Canterbury. n Fenton's Notes to Waller's Poems

0 Hisl of Rebellion p Sir Philip Warwick's Memoirs, p 203.

Biogr. Britan. (VLd. MonkJ r From a memorandum of Earl Algern.

344 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

from Paris, June 16, 1636-, s and his letters to that nobleman
during his embassy in France. See the Sidney Papers, 2 vol.
folio, passim.

He was also much favoured by the King,' having a command
in his army; and on June 6, 1640/ was constituted Captain and
Governor of Jersey during life. It was on June 1 9, l640,u that
he, then a Commoner, was sitting with commissary Wilmot and
Ashburnham, in the house of commons, when they murmured at
the vote for taking 10,000/. from the 50,000/. appointed for the
English army, and ordering it 'for the Scots ; and thereupon
formed a plan for bringing up the army to check the factious pn>
ceedings of the enemies to monarchy and episcopacy. This design
getting wind, Lord Clarendon relates, x That Pym moved for an
address to the King, that he would permit none of his servants to
go beyond the seas; on which some persons, much trusted by
him, immediately absented themselves; these were Mr. Percy and
Henry Jermyn (afterwards Earl of St. Alban'sj) which last con-
veyed himself into France; but Mr. Percy delaying his journey
on some occasions of his own, and concealing himself in an ob-
scure place in Sussex, near to his brother the Earl of Northum-
berland's house, was at last discovered; and when he endeavoured
to have escaped, was set upon by the country people, and not with-
out hurt got from them; and was not heard of in some months.

On the breaking out of the rebellion, Lord Percy returned
into England, y and raised a regiment of horse for the King, and
was 2 constituted General of the ordnance. He attended his Ma-
jesty through the whole course of the war; and was created, at
Oxford, Baron Percy of Alnwick, by patent dated June 28,
19 a Car. I. (1643.) In 1044, he was oneb of those persons of
honour, whom the King for the most part followed, in managing
his warlike affairs. In that year the king was driven by the par-
liament's forces to such extremity, as to be almost encompassed
by them ; and obliged to leave Oxford, on June 3, in the even-
ing, with only his son Prince Charles, the Duke of Richmond,
the Lord Percy,0 and some other Lords, attended by their ser-
vants. But having given orders for his forces to follow, they

• Sidney's Letters of State, p 386. * Pat. 16 Car. I. p. 12. n 46.

» Whitlock's Memorials of English Affairs, p. 44.

x Hist of Rebellion, 8vo vol i p. 267.

y Sir Edward Walker's Hist Discourses, p. 33. * Ibid. p. 65.

a Ex Original Fat. b Sir Edward Walker's Hist. Discourses, p i-

c Ibid, p-19, 20 21.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 345

joined him by break of day, and got into Yarneton, passing be-
tween both the armies of Sir William Waller, and the Earl of
Essex, without being discovered. Yet those generals, with their
forces, pursued his Majesty (who was only a day's march before
them) to Evesham, and from thence to Worcester j when they,
finding no possibility of getting the King in their power, in a
council of war came to a resolution, that Waller, having the lesser
ordnance, and lighter men, should follow his Majesty ; and Essex,
having the greater ordnance, should relieve Lyme, and reduce
the West.

At Cropredy-Bridge, on June 29, they came to an engage-
ment,d when Waller was defeated, with the loss of all his ord-
nance, &c.e and the Lord Percy, with his regiment of horse, &c.
forced the rebels to a speedy flight.

His Lordship continued with his Majesty, who, before the end
of the campaign, ruined Essex's army, and obliged him to make
his escape into Plymouth.

I find by Whitlock, f that Waller, marching against the King
in the West, advertised the parliament, on March 11, that he had
taken the Lord" Percy, and thirty with him, at Andover. The
next mention of him is in lf548 ; that on October \J, being with
the Prince of Wales at the Hague, he was committed (as Whit-
lock » writes) for giving the Lie to the Lord Colepeper, in the
presence of his Royal Highness.

He was Master of the horse b to the Prince of Wales j and
when by the cruel martyrdom of his royal father, he became
titular King, he was made Lord Chamberlain of his household ;
and being1 at Paris in 1 652, when his Majesty took leave of the
Queen, he was directed by the King to introduce Sir Edward
Hyde (afterwards Earl of Clarendon) to her Majesty, who had
not, for some months, presumed to be in her presence ; so that
(as he says) he himself knew not how to make an advance to-
wards it j and the Lord Percy accordingly introduced him.

Lord Clarendon mentions, k that during their exile, when the
management of the King's household had suffered exceedingly
from want of ceconomy, it was brought under much better regu-
lation, by being " committed to Stephen Fox, a young man bred
under the severe discipline of the Lord Percy, now Lord Cham-

d Sir Edward Walker's Hist. Discourses, p 32.
e Ibid.p 33. f Memorials, p. 131* « Ibid. p. 338.

h Clarendon's Hist- of Rebellion, vol. vi. p. 527, 528.
I Ibid- p 527,528. k Vol.iii.book 14 p-4:o(Ed. fol 1707)

34(5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

berlaine of the King's household:" so that his Lordship was the
means of bringing that extraordinary person out of obscurity: he
also patronized Hobbes, the philosopher, and introduced him to
the King to teach him mathematics.1 Henry Lord Percy died at
Paris in April, l65g,m having never married.
I now return to his elder brother.

Algernon Percy tenth Earl of Northumberland, was
born in London, and baptized October 13, 1(502. n He had his°
education in Christ-Church college, in Oxford j and the famous
Robert Hues, the mathematician, was his tutor. In 1616, heP
was made one of the Knights of the Bath, at the creation of
Charles Prince of Wales ; and was second in precedency, James
Lord Mai tra vers, eldest son to the Earl of Arundel, being the first.

On the accession of King Charles I. he was called by Writ
to the house of Peers, in his father's life- time, by the title of
Lord Percy, &c. and in May 1 626, the- second year of that
reign, was one 1 of the thirty-six Lords who made a voluntary
protestation, upon their honours, in parliament, that Sir Dudley
Digges did not speak any thing, on delivering his charge against
the Duke of Buckingham, " which did, or might intrench on the
King's honour j and if he had, they, would presently have repre-
hended him for it."

In 1632, 8 Car. I. he succeeded his father in his honours and
estates, as Earl of Northumberland, &c. And in 1633, her at-
tended Charles I. into Scotland, in order to his Coronation; at
which he was present, on June 18, that year; being one of the*
Privy-council. On May 13, 1635, 11 Car. I. he was installed
one of the Knights of the most noble order of the Garter, with
great magnificence.

In 1636, he had the command of a royal fleet of sixty sail, l
and destroyed the Dutch busses that were fishing on our coasts.
He first required them to forbear, and, on their refusal, he took
some, and sunk others. Thereupon the Dutch sued to him to
mediate with the King, that they might by permission fish on our

1 Burnet's Hist. m From a memorandum of Earl Algernon's.

n From a Bill at Sion-house.

0 Wood's Athenae Oxoniensis, vol i. p. 490.

p Anstis's Essay on Knighthood of the Bath, p. 75.

<i Rushworth's Collections, vol i- p 364, 365.

r Bishop Kennet's Life of King Charles I in History of England, volii.

p. 69. 8 Clarendon, vol i. p. 270. * Bishop Kennet ut antea, p 84.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 347

coast j and for that summer, agreed to give the King 30,000/.
which was paid accordingly. In November, the same year, his
Lordship was busily employed in reforming the navy.x After
this service at sea, he was, on v March 30, 1637, 13 Car. I. con-
stituted Lord High-Admiral of England; and, in 15 Car. I.
Captain-General of the army, z then raised by the King, upon his
expedition into Scotland ; but was prevented from entering on his
command by a dangerous illness.a The Earl of Clarendon re-
lates, b that then the ( bulk and burden of state affairs, whereby
the envy attending them likewise, lay principally on the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, the Earl of Strafford, and the Lord Cot-
tington, the Earl of Northumberland for ornament, the Lord
Bishop of London by his place (being Lord High-Treasurer of
England) and the two Secretaries, Sir Henry Vane, and Sir
Francis Windebank, for service and communication of intel-
ligence. These were reproachfully called the Junto, and en-
viously at Court, the Cabinet-Council.'

In 1639, his lordship was at the head of affairs, as appears
from a series of his letters among the Sidney Papers, 2 vol.
folio.

His Lordship was appointed General of the army to act against
the Scots, before February 13, 1639; f°r then,c in a letter, of
that date to the Earl of Leicester at Paris, he acquaints him,
' That his commission gives him power to appoint all the com-
manders of the army, without excepting any; and that no money
will be taken for commissions, as was usual heretofore in Holland.'
He also acquaints the Earljof Leicester, That he had raised two
troops of horse-guards; one of a hundred cuirassiers, the other of
sixty carabiniers, and d that he had given out commissions for the
present raising of two thousand horse.

In a letter of July 10, 1640, he writes, e ' We are now almost
in the middle of July, and yet have I no more certainty of the
time when I shall be going into the North than I had at Christ-
mas.' On August 6, he informs his Lordship, f ' Being com-
manded suddenly into the North, and now upon the disbanding
my Lord Hamilton's regiments, I am so extremely full of business;
3nd am so tired, that I am scarce able to hold up my head."

* Sidney Letters, &c. lip. 445. f Pat. 15 Car. I. p. 13. in dorso.

z Pat 15 Car I. in dorso » Clarendon, p. 144.

b History of Rebellion, vol i. p. 149.

* Sidney Letters and Memorials, vol. ii. p. 637. d Ibid p. 640.

« Ibid. p. 655. * Ibid. p. 658.

343 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

He was immediately after seized with a dangerous illness;
and the King took on himself to be Generalissimo, as Whitlock
writes; * and that about August 20, he went out of London.
Lord Clarendon relates,1' That the Earl's recovery was totally de-
spaired of, or to be expected very slowly; whereupon he sent to
the King, to desire he would make choice of another General.

Clarendon asserts,1 " that this Earl of Northumberland was
then arrived at a wonderful general estimation."

Lord Clarendon k says, ' his defection from his Majesty's ser-
vice, wrought several ill effects in the minds of many: for as the
Earl then had the most esteemed and unblemished reputation, in
court and country, of any person of his rank throughout the king-
dom; therefore many concluded, that he had some notable temp-
tation in conscience, and that the court was much worse than it
was believed to be.'

Towards the end of January 1043, the parliament desired a
safe-conduct for the Earls of Northumberland, Pembroke, Salis-
bury, and Holland, with eight members of the commons, to de-
liver a petition and propositions to the King.1 Which being
signed on January 28, 1642-3, they set out with a great equipage
for Oxford; and had their first access to his Majesty in the garden
of Christ-church, where all of them kissed his hand.

The Earl of Northumberland read the petition and proposi-
tions to the King, with a sober and stout carriage, as Whitlock m
writes ; and being interrupted by the King, he said, M Your Ma-
jesty will give me leave to proceed," who answered, " Ay, ay,"
and so he read them all through.

The Earl of Clarendon n has given a full account of this im-
portant business, too long for this work.

The noble Historian has given characters of all the privy-
counsellors that attended the King at the said treaty; whereof he
gives this account of the Earl of Northumberland.0

" Of those who were of the King's council, and who stayed and
acted with the parliament, the Earl of Northumberland may well
be reckoned the Chief; in respect of the antiquity of his family,
his great fortune and estate, and the general reputation he had
amongst the greatest men, and his great interest, by being High-

e Memorials, p. 33. h Hist. Rebellion, 8vo. vol i. p. 144.

> Ibid. p. 141 k Ibid. p. 270. ^ Whitlock's Memorials, p. 63.

w Ibid. p. 64. " History, vol. iii- p- 123.

0 History of Rebellion, vol. iii. p. 198 to p 205, and seq.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 349

Admiral of England. Though he was of a family that had lain
under frequent blemishes of want of fidelity to the crown, and
his father had been long a prisoner in the Tower, under some
suspicion of having some knowledge of the gunpowder-treason ;
and after he was set at liberty, by the mediation and credit of the
Earl of Carlisle, who had, without and against his consent, mar-
ried his daughter, he continued to his death under such a restraint,
that he had not liberty to live and reside upon his northern estate."
[We have seen above how cruelly the Earl of Northumberland
had been used in that transaction.] Yet this Lord's father c was
no sooner dead, than the King poured out his favours upon him
in a wonderful measure.' He elsewhere P says, that the King,
from that time took him " into his immediate and eminent care,
and prosecuted him with all manner and demonstration of respect
and kindness ; and (as he heard his Majesty himself say) courted
him as his mistress, and conversed with him as his friend, without
the least interruption, or intermission of any possible favour and
kindness." The noble historian also gives an account of the Earl
of Northumberland's preferments, (which 1 have recited in more
exact order of time:) w which, proceeds he, was such a quick
succession of bounties and favours, as had rarely befallen any man,
who had not been attended with the envy of a favourite." e He
was, in all his deportment, a very great man, and that, which
looked like formality, was a punctuality in preserving his dignity
from the invasion and intrusion of bold men/ which no man, of
that age, so well preserved himself from. Though his notions
were not large, or deep, yet his temper, and reservedness in speak-
ing, got him the reputation of an able and wise man : which he
made evident in the excellent government of his family, where no
man was more absolutely obeyed; and no man had ever fewer
idle words to answer for; and, in debates of importance, he
always expressed himself very pertinently. If he had thought the
King as much above him as he thought himself above other con-
siderable men, he would have been a good subject; but the ex-
treme undervaluing those, and not enough valuing the King,
made him liable to the impressions, which they who approached
him by those addresses of reverence and esteem, that usually insi-
nuate into such natures, made in him. So that after he was first
prevailed on, not to do that, which in honour and gratitude he
.was obliged to (which is a very pestilent corruption) he was, with

p History of Rebellion, 8vo. yoI. i. p. 270.

350 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the more facility, led to concur in what, in duty, and fidelity, he
ought not to have done; and so concurred in all the councils
which produced the Rebellion, and stayed with them to support
it.' To this last part, it should be remembered, that he complied
with the revocation of his commission of Lord High Admiral,,
with all submissive duty to the King. And here it ought to be
remarked, that Lord Clarendon's account of this, and the other
great men, who took part with the parliament, ought to be received
with caution. However deserving of regard the testimony of
that noble historian may be in what relates to Facts, yet his
account of Men, especially such as joined the party opposite to
his own, must not be too implicitly received : in such cases a
writer cannot avoid partiality. Whatever he has said in favour of
the Earl of Northumberland, may be received as true, being the
testimony of an enemy; but what bears hard against him, may
reasonably be suspected. His Lordship was, doubtless, led by
the noblest principles of honour and conscience to oppose the
court party, and to join those patriots, who stood up for the liber-
ties of the people : and the historian himself allows, that the Earl
by no means favoured the violent measures of the factious de-
magogues. No one can deny, but a regard for the Liberty and
Constitution of our Country, when in imminent danger of perish-
ing for ever, ought to supersede all private and personal obli-
gations. Yet the Earl of Northumberland shewed all proper
regard for the King's person during this great contest; of which
Lord Clarendon has mentioned many instances; and his careful
and respectful attendance on the King's children, when committed
to his care, and his indulging his Majesty, as much as possible
with their company, &c. &c. sufficiently vindicate him from the
charge of ingratitude and personal disrespect.

The proceedings relating to the trial of the King, I pass over,
as no part of this work ; only observing, that the Earl of North-
umberland detested the cruel murder of his Majesty, and did his
utmost to obstruct it.

In 1649, q the Earl of Northumberland being desirous of sur-
rendering his trust of the custody of the Duke of Gloucester, and
the Princess Elizabeth, procured his sister, the Countess of Lei-
cester, to have the government of them; whereupon they were
removed to Penshurst, a house of the Earl of Leicester's in
Kent; and on June 11, that year, the Earl of Northumberland

q Clarendon, vol.vi. p. 5x45525.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 351

moved, r that she might have the allowance for their maintenance,
which was referred to the committee of the revenue.

His Lordship, after the murder of King Charles I. lived re-
tired, for the most part, at Petworth, till the restoration. In the
spring of the year 1660, when General Monk had marched from
Scotland, and taken his quarters at Whitehall, he invited him to
Northumberland house, to a conference with him, the Earl of
Manchester, and other Lords ; and likewise with Holies, Sir
"William Waller, Lewis, and other eminent persons ; who had a
trust and confidence in each other, and who were looked upon as
the heads and governors of the moderate presbyterian party.

The Earl of Northumberland discovers his sentiments to
Robert Sidney Earl of Leicester, in a letter to him, dated April
13th, 1660. s M The meeting my Lord of Southampton, in pur-
suance of some overtures that have been made for a marriage
between his daughter and my son, was the principal occasion that
brought me to this town ; where I find most people very busy (or
at least seeming so) and the public affairs in a posture that needs
the advice of better heads than mine. All persons here shew
strong inclinations to bring in the King, and re-establish the go-
vernment on the old foundation. Some there are who would have
him restored to all, without any condition, only an act of oblivion,
and general pardon to be granted ; but the soberer people will, I
believe, expect terms of more security for themselves, and ad-
vantage for the nation j and unless a full satisfaction be given in
such points, as shall be judged necessary to those ends, it is thought
the army will not be pleased."

The Earl of Northumberland was in the committees in that
critical time ; when their Lordships' proceedings facilitated Ge-
neral Monk's intention of restoring the King.

I find, in the Earl of Leicester's journal, this entry. " Thurs-
day, May 31st, a messenger came to my house,* and warned ms to
come to Whitehall 5 the like he did to the Earl of Northumber-
land. We went together, not knowing for what ; and havirg staid
a while in the King's withdrawing chamber, we were called into
the council chamber, and there, contrary to his, and my expecta-
tion, we were sworn privy-counsellors ; as was likewise the Earl
of Manchester, and others, that, and the next day."

On August 11th, ]660, he * was constituted Lord Lieutenant

f Whitlock, p. 392. * Sydney's Memorials, vol ii- p. 685.

t Bill signat. 13 Car. II.

352 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Sussex; and on Sep-
tember 7th following, u Lord Lieutenant of the county of North-
umberland.

If is Lordship sought for no employment in the state, choosing
to retire, in the summer, to his seat at Petwortb, delighting in
his gardens and plantations there ; but he lived in town during
the winter season, and was constant in his attendance in parlia-
ment ', as appears by some of his letters to his brother-in-law,
Robert Earl of Leicester, who, residing altogether at Penshurst,
left him his proxy in the house of peers. Indeed, there was such
a sympathy of affection between these two noblemen, and such a
sincere and faithful friendship, as can hardly be paralleled. The
Earl of Leicester, in a letter to him from Penshurst, September
26th, 1659, x pays this compliment to the Earl of Northumber-
land. " Of the few persons that I consider in this world, your
Lordship hath my greatest estimation ; and of the fewer things I
value in this life, your favour is placed by me in the most high
degree. I am very tender of both, and do passionately desire the
conservation of the one, for the good of many ; and the continua-
tion of the other for my own contentment."

But, indeed, the Earl of Northumberland continued to be re-
garded with a very high respect by the whole English nation ; of
which Lord Clarendon himself gives a remarkable instance in the
history of his own life : v when mentioning the Bill, that was
brought into parliament against importing Irish cattle, (a few
years after the restoration) and which occasioned great heats, he
says, " That the Lord Ashley, (afterwards Earl of Shaftsbury)
who next to the Duke of Buckingham appeared the most violent
supporter of the bill, urged it as an argument for prosecuting it,
* That if this bill did not pass, all the rents in Ireland would rise
in a vast proportion, and those in England fall as much ; so that
in a year or two the Duke of Ormond would have a greater re-
venue than the Earl of Northumberland ;' which (adds the noble
historian) made a visible impression in many, as a thing not to be
endured."

His Lordship married two wives; and, what was very re-
markable, they were both grand-daughters of two successive Lord
Treasurers under King James I. to whose ill offices Earl Henry

u Bill signat. 13 Car. II.

* Sidney Memorials, vol ii. p. 683.

y Continuation of his Hist, folio, p. 375.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 353

his father attributed much of the cruel severity with which he had
been treated by that ungrateful Prince.

Earl Algernon's first wife was the Lady Anne Cecil, second
daughter of William second Earl of Salisbury, (son of Robert Cecil,
who had been Secretary of State to Queen Elizabeth, and Lord
High Treasurer to King James I. by whom he was created Earl
of Salisbury.) Her mother was Catharine Howard, youngest
daughter of Thomas Earl of Suffolk, (son of Thomas IV. Duke of
Norfolk, and grandson of Henry Earl of Surrey, the Poet,) who
succeeded Cecil as Lord High Treasurer. This Anne Countess
of Northumberland died on December 6th, 163/, u as we learn
from a letter to the Earl of Leicester at Paris, written by William
Hawkins, Esq. whereinhe mentions, " that the Earl of Northum-
berland is a very sad man for the death of his Lady ; and that the
Countess of Leicester (his sister) was gone to comfort him." x

By this his first Countess he had issue,

First, Lady Catharine Percy, born August 12th, 1630; y who
died young, and was buried in the family vault at Petworth in
Sussex, January 26th, 1638. z

Second, Lady Dorothy Percy, born also on August 12th,
1632; a who died young, and was buried at Petworth, Pebruary
•19th, 1638. b

Third, Lady Anne Percy, born December 19th, l633;c who
was married June 2 1st, 1652, d to Philip Lord Stanhope, who was
afterwards Earl of Chesterfield, but not till after her death, who
died November 29th, l654;f and was buried at Petworth, De-
cember the 7th following, together with her infant son Algernon 3 f
and therefore she probably died in childbed, leaving no issue.

Fourth, Lady Lucy Percy, s who died young.

Fifth, Lady Elizabeth Percy, born December 1st, 1636; h who
was married May 19th, 1653, ' to Arthur Lord Capel, afterwards
created Earl of Essex in l66l, by whom she had issue Algernon
second Earl of Essex, and Anne Countess of Carlisle. This Lady
Elizabeth Percy Countess of Essex, long survived the Earl her
husband, (who was found murdered in the Tower July 13th,
1683) and died herself on February 5tb, 1717-8. k

u Sydney Memorials, vol. ii. p 531. x Ibid-

y From a memorandum of Earl Algernon in MS.

* Petworth Register. a Memorand of E. Alg.

b Petworth Register. c Mem. of E. Alg.

i Ibid. e Ibid i peiw. Reg.

e Mem. of E.Alg " Ibid. » Ibid.

it Mr. Butler's Collections.

VOL. II. a A

354 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Earl Algernon, after continuing a widower near five years,
married to his second wife a cousin -germ an of his first Countess,'
viz. the Lady Elizabeth Howard, second daughter of Theophilus
second Earl of Suffolk, (son of Thomas the Lord High Treasurer,
before-mentioned) by the Lady Elizabeth his wife, daughter of
George Lord Hume, Earl of Dunbar. It was in consequence of this
marriage with the Lady Elizabeth Howard (which was celebrated
October 1st, 1642) ' that Earl Algernon became possessed of Nor-
thumberland House in the Strand, which has ever since been the
town residence of this noble family. It was originally built by
Henry Howard Earl of Northampton, and called by him North-
ampton House; but he, having no issue, gave it to his nephew
Thomas Earl of Suffolk, above-mentioned : and on the marriage
of his grand-daughter, it was transferred to the Earl of Northum-
berland. m As for Sion House, their seat in Middlesex, it had
been granted by the crown to Henry the ninth Earl.

By this his second Countess Earl Algernon had issue,

First, Josceline, his only son and heir, who was born July 4th,
]6l4, n and after his father was eleventh Earl of Northumber-
land.

Second, Lady Mary Percy, born July 22d, 1647 ;° who died
July 3d, l652,P and was buried at Petworth.

Their mother, the Countess Elizabeth, survived her Lord near
forty years j dying on March 11th, 1704-5, * (aged ninety-seven)
and was buried at Petworth the 20th of March following. r

The Earl her husband deceased October 13th, 1668, s (in the
sixty- sixth year of his age) and was buried at Petworth j being
succeeded in his honours and estates by his only son.

• Josceline Percy, eleventh Earl of Northumberland,
(only son and heir of Earl Algernon) had, while he was Lord Percy,
been designed by his father to marry the Lady Audry, eldest
daughter and coheir of Thomas Wriothesley Earl of Southampton,
by his second wife Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Francis Leigh
Earl of Chichester j as appears by overtures made before April
13th, 1660, which brought the Earl of Northumberland to town,
as he acquaints the Earl of Leicester by a letter of that date. But

i Memorand- of E. Alg. m Mr. Butler's Collections.

■ Memorand. of E. Alg o Ibid- p Ibid, and Petw. Reg.

q Annals of Queen Anne, (year 4, p. 282 )

» Petw. Reg. » From his Epitaph at Petworth.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 355

in another from Petvvorth, of November 2d, following, to the
said Earl, he says : " The death of my Lady Audry did as nearly
touch me as most accidents that could have happened j not for
the conveniency of her fortune, nor the hopes of her bringing an
heir to my family, as soon as it had been fit for my son and her to
have come together j but because I judged her to be of a nature,
temper, and humour, likely to have made an excellent wife, which
would have brought me much comfort in the latter part of my
life ; but since our uncertain condition exposes us daily to these
troubles, I shall endeavour with all patience to submit to them."
However, his son Josceline, then Lord Percy, about two years
after, (viz. December 23d, 1662) ■ married the Lady Elizabeth,
sister of the said Lady Audry, and youngest daughter of the said
Thomas Earl of Southampton, who was Lord High Treasurer of
England, and died on May l6th, J 667 : u whereupon, the same
year, his son-in-law, the young Lord Percy, x was constituted in
his place Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of
Southampton.

On the death of his father in 166S, as aforesaid, this Josceline,
the eleventh Earl of Northumberland, (then aged twenty-four) was
on November 9th, the same year, constituted Lord Lieutenant
and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Sussex ; y also, the same
day, was constituted Lord Lieutenant of the county of Northum-
berland. But he did not long enjoy these honours ; for within
two years after, he and his young Countess made a tour on the
continent, as it should seem, for their healths, being attended by
the celebrated Mr. Locke, as their physician -, and the Countess
remaining at Paris, and Mr. Locke with her, the Earl her husband
proceeded on to Italy; and having heated himself with travelling
post many days, was seized at Turin with a fever, which put a
period to his life, on May 21st, 1670; z in the midst of the
brightest hopes, which this promising young nobleman had excited
in the breasts of all good men, that he would prove a shining or-
nament of his noble house, and an honour and support to his
country. His remains were afterwards brought to England, and
interred in the vault belonging to his noble family at Petworth.
His Lady continued after his death at Paris, till she there entered
into second nuptials with Ralph Lord Montagu, then ambassador

t Memorandum in MS. of Earl Algernon his father- u Ibid.

x Bill signat. 20 Car. II. ( y Ibid. 21 Car. II.

* So Dugdale, who lived at the time ; but I doubt this date.

356 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

from King Charles II. to the French court ; who was afterward'?,
by Queen Anne, (1/05 >) created Duke of Montagu, and had issue
by her John Duke of Montagu, and Anne, grandmother of the
hte Earl of Sandwich.

Josceline the eleventh and last Earl of Northumberland, had
issue by his said Countess,

First, Lady Elizabeth Percy, born January 26th, 1666-7, a wno
was afterwards Duchess of Somerset, and transmitted the Barony
of Percy., &c. with a very great inheritance, to her posterity ; of
whom we shall give account below.

Second, Henry Lord Percy, born February 2d, 1668 ; who
died December 18th, 1669, b and was buried at Petworth.

Third, Lady Henrietta Percy, c who died an infant.

By the premature death of this Lord Josceline, without issue
male, the title of Earl of Northumberland became extinct: and
King Charles II. created his third natural son by the Duchess of
Cleveland, George Fitz-Roy, in 1674, Earl, and afterwards (in
J6S2) Duke of Northumberland. In the mean time, a claim was
made to the hereditary honours and possessions of the noble house
of Percy, by one James Percy, a trunkmaker; who presented a
petition to the house of peers for that purpose : but being unable
to produce proof of his descent, for he first claimed to be de-
scended from Sir Richard Percy, Knight, brother to the ninth
Earl of Northumberland: and when it was proved that he died
a bachelor, then he fixed upon Sir Ingram Percy, brother of
the sixth Earl, for his ancestor ; d but it appears from* his will,
still extant, that he had left only an illegitimate daughter : on
this his petition was dismissed the House of Lords on March
28th, 16/3 ; e and he tried his right in various suits at common
law, but without success : yet he persevered in his pretensions
for near twenty years ; but being an illiterate man, and con-
ducting his pursuit in an illiberal manner, at length, in 1689,
the Lords sentenced him to wear a paper in Westminster Hall,
declaring him •' A false and impudent pretender to the Earldom
of Northumberland." f He had a son, Anthony Percy, who

a Memorand.of E Alg- and Petworth Reg.
b Epitaph at Petworth. c Dugd Bar. I.

d From James Percy's own Cases; of which he printed several editions,
with various alterations ; but none that offered even probable proof.
• Lord's Journ. XII. p. 578.
t Ibid. XIV. p. 24,38, 211,224,338,240, 241.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 357

became Lord Mayor of Dublin, and is mentioned as a sufferer
under the tyranny of King James, by Archbishop King, in his
account of the sufferings of the protestants in Ireland.

Lady Elizabeth Percy (only surviving daughter and sole
heiress of Jrcceline the eleventh and last Earl of Northumberland)
succeeded to the Baronial honours of her ancestors, and was in
her own right Baroness Percy, Lucy, Poynings, Fitz-Payne,
Bryan, and Latimer. Being so great an heiress, she was thrice
married, and twice a widow, before she was sixteen. She was
but four years old at her father's death ; and being educated by
her grandmother, the old Counters of Northumberland, was,
about the latter end of the year 1G79, married first to Henry
Cavendish Earl of Ogle, only son and heir of Henry Duke of
Newcastle, who, by agreement before marriage, assumed the
name and arms of Percy, (for which he had the royal licence) s
but he departed this life on November 1st, 1(380, and was buried
in the vault of the Percy family at PetwQrth, November 16th foj*
lowing.11

She was secondly married, or contracted, to Thomas Thynne,
Esq. of Longleate in the county of Wilts $ who was assassinated
on Sunday, February 12th, 1081-2, as he was riding through
Pall-Mall in his coach, by some ruffians on horseback ; one of
whom discharged a blunderbuss loaded with slugs, which shot
him through the body, sa that he died before the next morning.1
The ruffians were apprehended, convicted and executed j being
foreigners, hired by Count Coningsmark ; who had entertained
presumptuous hopes of succeeding with this young heiress, if he
could remove Mr. Thynne out of the way j but in this he was
mistaken, for though he himself escaped the punishment due for
this horrible crime, he reaped no advantage from it ; as

On the 30th of May 1682, she was thirdly married to hi*
Grace Charles Seymour Duke of Somerset, being, as we have seen,
underage: and by articles before marriage, he was to take the
name, and bear the arms of Percy : k but from this agreement
she released his Grace when she came of age.

8 See p 235. h Petworth Register.

> Extracted from Newspapers of that time, and the Trial of the Assas$in$.

* Dugdal. Bar.

358 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

By the Duke of Somerset, her Grace Elizabeth, Baroness
Percy, &c. had issue, l

First, Lord Charles Seymour, who died an infant, and was
buried at Pet worth, August 26th, 1(583. m

Second, Lady Catharine Seymour, who died an infant. n

Third, Lord Algernon Seymour, Earl of Hertford, afterwards
Baron Percy and Duke of Somerset, who was born at Petworth
November 11th, 4684:° of whom an account is given at large
under the article of the Dukes of Somerset.

Fourth, Lady Elizabeth Seymour, who was wife of Henry
Obrien Earl of Thomond in Ireland, and Viscount Tadcaster in
England. She died without issue, April 6th, 1734;P and by a
particular settlement, at the death of her husband this Earl of
Thomond, part of his estate devolved to her nephew Percy Wynd-
ham, who was created Earl of Thomond, and took the name of
Obrien. i He died without issue.

Fifth, Lord Edward Seymour, born at Petworth, August 22d,
1687 j r who died young.

Sixth, Lady Catharine Seymour, born October 24th, 1688 ; *
who on July 2ist, 17O8, was married to Sir William Wyndham,
Bart, (being his first wife) by whom she had issue, first, Charles
late Earl of Egremont ; second, Percy, late Earl of Thomond;
and Elizabeth, wife of the late Right Honourable George Gren-
ville, and mother of the Marquis of Buckingham, &c.

Seventh, Lady Anne Seymour, born in 1691, who in 1719
was married to Peregrine Marquis of Carmarthen, son and heir of
Peregrine Osborne Duke of Leeds, (being his second wife) by
whom she had issue one son, who died an infant, and deceased
herself November 27ih, 1722. l

Eighth, Lady Frances Seymour, u who died an infant.

Ninth and tenth, two sons that were twins, who died as soon
2s they were born. x

Eleventh, Lord Percy Seymour, who was born at Petworth,

1 The following arrangement of their issue is given from a paper of the late
Duchess of Northumberland.

n> Petworth Reg n Duchess of Northumberland.

• Petworth Register. » Mr. Butler's Collections.

q Ibid. r Petworth Register-

t Mr. Butler's Collections. * Ibid.

u Duchess of Northumberland's Paper. * Jbid,

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 359

June 3d, l6Q6; y but died of the small pox, July 4th, 1721, un-
married, being then member of parliament for Cockermouth. z

Twelfth, Lady Frances Seymour, who died May 10th, 1720,
unmarried. ■

Thirteenth, Lord Charles Seymour, born at Petworth, June
Kith, 1698 j b who died January 4th, 1/11. c

Her Grace was one of the greatest ornaments of Queen Anne's
court, and succeeded the Duchess of Marlborough as Groom of
the Stole.

The Lady Elizabeth Seymour, daughter of Algernon Duke of
Somerset, and grand-daughter of Duke Charles by Lady Elizabeth
Percy, was married at Percy Lodge,d (now Richings, in the parish
of Iver, Bucks) on July 18th, 17*W)> to Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart,
who afterwards assumed the- name and arms of Percy, (as we
shall see below).

Smithson Family.

Hugh Smithson, (second son e of Anthony Smithson, Esq.
of Newsome, or Newsham, in the parish of Kirby on the Mount,
in com. Ebor.) having suffered in the cause of King Charles I. in
whose support he had plentifully expended his large fortune, was,
after the restoration, created a Baronet, August id, 1660. f

Sir Hugh, who was born in 1598, died in 1670, * and was
buried in the great vault belonging to his family in Stanwick
church, where a fine marble monument is erected to his memory.
He married Dorothy, daughter of Jerome Rawsthorne of Plaistow,
in Essex, Esq. by whom he left issue three sons, among whom
he divided his great estate; first, Sir Jerome Smithson, Bart, his
eldest son, to whom he left his principal estates in Yorkshire, &c. j
second, Anthony Smithson, Esq. his second son, h to whom he
left his estates at Tottenham in Middlesex, and at. Armine in the
West Riding of Yorkshire. He married Susanna, daughter of Sir
Edward Barkham, of Southacre in Norfolk, Bart, by whom he
left one son, Hugh Smithson of Armine and Tottenham, Esq. who

r Petw. Reg. z Mr. Butler's Collect.

a Ibid. b Petw. Reg. * Mr. Butler.

* Described above (From the original certificate, penes Due Northumb.)

• So Collins, in his MS
f But see a reference to the grant of arms in Catalogue of Harl. MSS.

b So Collins, in his MS.
h So Collins: but in the Eng. Baronets, 1727, Sir Hugh's sons are arranged
in the following order ; first, Sir Jerome; second, Hugh ; third, Anthony.

360 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

married Hester, daughter of Michael Godfrey of Woodford, in
Essex, Esq. by whom he had issue three sons and four daughters,
who all died unmarried. , He afterwards married the Honourable
Constantia Hare, only daughter of Henry Lord Coleraine, by
whom he had no issue. The said Hugh Smithson, Esq. repre-
sented the county of Middlesex in five parliaments; and having
survived all his children, left all his estates to his relation and next
hei*, Hugh, late Duke of Northumberland. Third, Hugh Smith-
son, Esq. third son of Sir Hugh, to whom he left his estates in

Suffolk, married Alice, daughter of Yeane, Esq. and left an

only daughter, Anne Smithson, wife of Sir Henry Johnson of
Bradenham in com. Bucks, who left issue by her, Anne, his only
daughter and heir, married to Thomas, late Earl of Strafford.

Sir Jerome Smithson of Stanwick, in Yorkshire, Bart, eldest
son and heir of Sir Hugh, was born in 1632, and died in 1684. h
He married Mary, daughter and heir of Edward Wingate of Lock-
ley's Hall in the county of Hertford, Esq. member for the town
of St. Alban's in the last parliament of King Charles I. by whom
he had issue one son, Who was after him Sir Hugh Smithson,
Bart, and one daughter, Dorothy, married to Thomas Pulleine of
Carlton in com. Ebor. Esq. *

Sir Hugh Smithson of Stanwick, Bart, only son and heir of
Sir Jerome, was born in 1657., and died in 1729. k He married
Elizabeth, daughter of Marmaduke, second Lord Langdale. By
this Lady he had issue two sons, who lived to men's estates, viz.
first, Hugh, who died unmarried in the life-time of his father;
and second, Langdale Smithson, who is mentioned below, and
was father of the late Duke of Northumberland. He had also
four daughters, Dorothy, Mary, Catharine, and Bridget, who all
became nuns in Flanders, and died unmarried : l for Sir Hugh
had been educated a Roman Catholic, but conformed to the church
of England.

Langdale Smithson, Esq. son of Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart,
died in the life-time of his father: and having married Philadel-
phia, daughter of William Reveley, of Newby Wisk in com.
Ebor. Esq. left issue only one son j first, Hugh, the late Duke of
Northumberland; and one daughter, Dorothy, who died uii.

* So Collins in his MS. ' Ibid. " Ibid. i Ibid.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 3Gi

married in the year 1732. Philadelphia, his widow, having sur-
vived her husband near forty years, lived to see her only son at-
tain to the highest honours which can be conferred on a subject,
for he was a Peer of the realm, a Knight of the Garter, and Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland j during whose vice-royalty she died at
York, May 16th, 1/64, aged seventy-five. *

Sir Hugh Smithson ofStanwick, Bart, succeeded in 1 729 to
the title and estates of his grandfather, Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart,
above-mentioned. He also inherited the large estates in Yorkshire
and Middlesex of his relation Hugh Smithson of Tottenham, Esq.
above-mentioned j and succeeded him in being chosen knight of
the shire for the county of Middlesex, which he represented in
three parliaments ; when, by the death of his father-in-law,
Algernon Duke of Somerset, above-mentioned, he (according to
the patent,) succeeded to the Earldom of Northumberland,
&c. and took his seat in the House of Peers on March 2d,
1749-50.

His Lordship, pursuant to an act passed that session, took the
name and arms of the illustrious and noble family of Percy. In
that act, entitled, " An act to enable the Right Honourable Hugh,
Earl of Northumberland, and Elizabeth, Countess of Northum-
berland, and Baroness Percy, his wife, and their children, progeny,
and issue, to take and use the name of Percy ; and bear and
quarter the arms of the Percys, Earls of Northumberland j" it is
recited, " That on the marriage of the most noble Charles, Duke
of Somerset, with the most noble Elizabeth, Duchess of Somerset,
who was the sole daughter and heir of the Right Honourable
Joscelyne Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Baron Percy (and
which said marriage was had and' solemnized in the minority of
both the said Duke and Duchess) it was stipulated, and agreed,
that for the preservation of the noble family, and name of the
Percys, he, the said Duke, and all, and every the issue of his
body, on her the said Duchess begotten, should, for ever, take
upon him, and them, and be called, and named, only by the name
and surname of Percy. But that the said Duchess, under her
hand and seal, January 30th, 1687, having then attained her age
of twenty-one years, did consent and agree to wave and dispense
with the said agreement, so entered into upon her marriage, for,

o Ann- Reg.

362 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the said Duke, and the issue of that marriage, to take the name
and surname of Percy, as aforesaid.

u And as Algernon, late Duke of Somerset, did, in his life-
time, express his desire, that the name of Percy should be used
by, and be the surname, and family name of the Earls of North-
umberland, for the time being j in regard the said honour and
dignity had been held and enjoyed by persons of that name, for
many generations j Sir Hugh Smithson, now Earl of Northum-
berland, and Lady Elizabeth his wife, Countess of Northumber-
land, and Baroness Percy ; as well out of their great regard to,
and in compliance with the desire of the said late Duke, as for
preserving the noble and ancient family, and name of Percy, are
willing and desirous, that the said name of Percy, and the coats
of arms borne and quartered by the Percys Earls of Northumber-
land, should be established and confirmed, in, unto, and upon
them, and their progeny and issue, by authority of parliament.
Wherefore it was enacted, &c."

His Lordship was on December 2gth, 1752, sworn one of the
Lords of the bed-chamber to King George II. ; and on March
20th, 1753, constituted Lord Lieutenant, Gustos Rotulorum, and
Vice Admiral, of the county of Northumberland, and Lord Lieu-
tenant of the town and county of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

On March 29th, 1757, his Lordship was installed a Knight of
the most noble order of the Garter, at Windsor.

When the present King ascended the throne, on October 25th,
1760, his Lordship was appointed one of the Lords of his bed-
chamber, and continued in the offices of Lord Lieutenant, &c. of
the county of Northumberland, and of the town and county of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

In 1702, he was appointed Lord Chamberlain to the Queen,
and admitted a member of the King's most honourable privy-
council.

On December 29th, 1 762, his Lordship took the oaths as Lord
Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Middlesex
and of the city and liberty of Westminster, being so nominated
in the room of Thomas Pelham Duke of Newcastle \ and among
his other acts of munificence, he provided a large and commo-
dious house in King-street, Westminster, as a Guildhall for that
city and liberty j that which had formerly been used as such,
adjoining to Westminster Hall, being too small, and otherwise in-
convenient.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. ' 363

On the 20th of April, 1763, he was appointed Lord Lieute-
nant of the kingdom of Ireland.

In 1764, he was constituted vice-admiral of all America,
being the first person that ever was nominated to that office.

In 1766, his Lordship was raised to the ducal rank, being
almost the only instance after an interval of forty-six years of that
high honour's being conferred on a subject. By the patent of
creation, dated October 18th, J 766, his Majesty was pleased to
grant to the Right Honourable Hugh Earl of Northumberland,
and to the heirs male of his body, lawfully begotten on the body
of Elizabeth Countess of Northumberland, his then wife, the dig-
nities of an Earl andJDuke of the kingdom of Great Britain, by
the names, stiles and titles of Earl Percy, and Duke of North-
umberland.

On the 24th December, 177s* his Grace was appointed to the
high office of master of the horse to his Majesty.

Having early distinguished himself by his love for the fine
arts, his Grace eminently promoted their advancement in this
country j for, not to mention the constant encouragement and
employ which he gave to artists with his noble fortune in general ;
besides the elegant improvements made in his paternal seat at
Stanwick in Yorkshire j he restored three palaces, which are ex-
ecuted in very different stiles of architecture, and will remain
lasting monuments of his magnificence and taste ; first, North-
umberland House, which was just begun to be repaired before
the death of Algernon late Duke of Somerset, he completed and
perfected in the noblest manner ; so that it affords a most finished
model of a palace for the town residence of a great nobleman j
second, Sion House, which was old, ruinous, and inconvenient,
his Grace finely improved ; and fitting it up, and finishing it, after
the most perfect models of Greece and Rome, formed a villa,
which for taste and elegance is scarce to be paralleled in Europe ;
third, Alnwick Castle, the great Baronial seat of the ancient
Earls of Northumberland, was become quite a ruin ; its roofs
fallen in, its towers decayed, and its walls nearly demolished.
When their Graces succeeding to the princely estates, and illus-
trious titles of the Percy family, conceived the noble design of
restoring this their great northern castle to its ancient splendour :
and the design was executed with the happiest success ; n all the

a Pennant however, and other travellers, have thought otherwise.

364 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

decorations and ornaments, though of the highest magnificence,
being of the purest gothic, skilfully adapted to the general style
of the original building} which is every where restored to its an-
cient form and destination} with all the additional advantage de^
rived from the more improved state of the arts.

But it was not only for this, and other noble instances of his
munificence, that the county of Northumberland was indebted to
his Grace; he found it almost a desert} and he clothed it with
woods, and improved it with agriculture. For more than twenty
years the number of trees annually planted out by his Grace in
this county, were from eleven to twelve hundred thousand, and
upwards : and he sometimes planted in one year not less than
three hundred acres in one inclosure.

His consort, Elizabeth Duchess of Northumberland, who had
been for many years one of the Ladies of the bed-chamber to the
present Queen, being so appointed in 1761 } but who had resigned
that honour some years before her death, on account of her de-
clining health } departed this life at Northumberland House, De-
cember 5th, 1776, being her Birthday, on which she had com-
pleted her sixtieth year} and was interred in her family vault in
St. Nicholas's Chapel, Westminster, December 18th following.

This great Lady, who (as we have seen) was lineal heir and
representative of the ancient Earls of Northumberland, with a
most princely fortune, devolved to her from her ancestors, sus-
tained her exalted rank, through her whole life, with the greatest
dignity, generosity, and spirit. Her extensive charities to the
poor; her encouragement of literature and the polite arts} and
her generous patronage .of every kind of merit } her warm at^
tachment to her friends} her goodness to her servants} not to
mention her tender affection for her family } made her death a
public loss, and will cause it to be long lamented.

By a most happy marriage with her Grace, the Duke of
Northumberland had issue,

First, Hugh, second Duke.

Second, Lady Elizabeth Anne Frances, born April 6th,
1744, who died unmarried May 27th, 1761, and was interred in
St Nicholas's Chapel, Westminster Abbey, June 5th following.

Third, Lord Algernon Percy, now Earl of Beverley, for
whom see that title.

On January 28th, 1784, his Grace was created Lord Lo-
vaine, Baron of Alnwick, with remainder to his second son
Lord Algernon and the heirs male of his t>ody, to which Lor4

DUKE OF JMORTHUMBERLAND. 365

Algernon accordingly succeeded, and has since been created Earl
of Beverley.

His Grace died June 6th, 1/86, and was succeeded by his
eldest son Hugh, Earl Percy.

Hugh, second Duke of Northumberland, was born in
the parish of St. George Hanover-square, August 14th, 1742, who,
early devoting himself to a military life, was in the war in Ger-
many, and then gave presages of that skill and courage which
were afterwards so nobly displayed in the service of his country in
the war in America, and which in the important action of Lex-
ington, and the reduction of Fort Washington, &c. have conse-
crated his Grace's name to posterity.

Having been chosen member for Westminster in several par-
liaments, his Grace succeeded, on the death of his mother, to the
Baronies of Percy, Lucy, Poynings, Fitz-Payne, Bryan, and
Latimer ; but being at that time abroad on the public service in
America, he did not take his 9eat in the House of Peers till No-
vember 20th, 1777.

Earl Percy first married on July 2d, 1764, Lady Anne Stuart,
third daughter of the Right Honourable John Earl of Bute, by
whom he had no issue ; and from whom he was divorced by act
of parliament in 1779- His Lordship, secondly, married Miss
Frances Julia Burrell, third daughter of the late Peter Bur-
rell of Beckenham in Kent, Esq. and sister to Lord Gwydir, by
special licence, in the parish of St. George, Hanover-square, May
25th, 1779> by whom he has had issue,

First, Charlotte, born July 3d, 178O, died May 3d, 178I.

Second, Elizabeth, born December 23d, 178I.

Third, Julia, born May 2d, 1783.

Fourth, Hugh, Earl Percy, born April 20th, 1785, elected in
1806 for the city of Westminster, and now representative of the
county of Northumberland.

Fifth, Agnes, twin with Earl Percy.

Sixth, Henry, born June 24th, 1 787, since deceased.

Seventh, Amelia, born January 16th, 1789.

Eighth, Frances, born Sept 13th, 1791, died Aug. 28th, 1803.

Ninth, Algernon, born December 1 5th, 1792.
His Grace is a general in the army, and colonel of the royal horse
guards, Lord Lieutenant and Vice Admiral of Northumberland
and Newcastle- upon Tyns, one of the Council of State of the
Prince of Wales in Cornwall, Constable of Launceston Cattle, and
High Steward of Launceston, K. G. and F. R. S.

366 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Titles. The most noble and puissant Prince, Hugh, Duke
and Earl of Northumberland, Earl Percy, Lord Percy, Lucy, Poyn-
ings, Fitz-Payne, Bryan, and Latimer, and Baron Warkworth of
Warkworth Castle.

Creations. Baronet, August 2d, 1660, 12 Car. II. Baron
Warkworth, of Warkworth Castle in the county of Northumber-
land, and Earl of Northumberland, October 2d, 1749, 23 Geo. II.
Earl Percy, and Duke of Northumberland, October 18th, 1/66,
16 Geo. III. Lord Percy, &c. by descent from his mother.

Arms. Quarterly : the first and fourth quarterly, first and
fourth, Or, a lion rampant, Azure, being the armorial bearing of
the ancient Dukes of Brabant, and second and third, Gules, three
Lucies, or Pykes, for Lucy : the second and third, Azure, five
fusils in fess, or, for Percy.

Crest. On a chapeau, Gules, turned up ermine, a lion pas-
sant, Azure, his tail extended.

Supporters. On the dexter side, a lion, Azure: on the si-
nister, an unicorn, Argent, collared gobone, Or and Azure, with
a chain appendant and reflecting over his back, Or.

Motto. Esperance en Dieu.

Chief Seats. Sion House, in the county of Middlesex -, Aln-
wick Castle, Warkworth Castle, and Prudhoe Castle, in the
county of Northumberland; Stanwick, and Armine, in Yorkshire ;
Werrington, in Cornwall j ° and Northumberland House, in West-
minster.

0 An estate bought by the late Duke from the family of Morrice, includ-
ing the borough of Launceston.

MARQUISES.

POWLETT, MARQUIS OF WINCHESTER.

This is a local name derived from the Lordship of Pawlet,
five miles north-east of Bridgwater in Somersetshire ; where this
family held property very early after the Conquest, and had their
most ancient habitation. Leland says, " The eldest manor place
of the Paulettes in Somersetshire is now clene doune. But yet it
berith the name of Paulette, and is a three miles from Bridge-
water." a It has been said by Collins, that Hercules, Lord of
Tournon, in Picardy, who came into England with Geffery Plan-
tagenet Earl of Anjou, third son of Henry II. was Lord of this
manor, and having thence assumed his surname, was ancestor of
this family. b But it appears from Collinson's History of this
County, c that Walter de Dowai owned this Lordship in the time
of the Conqueror -, and that from him it descended to the Paga-.
nels, Fitzhardings, Gaunts, and Gournays. But it is certain that

a Itin. vol. vi. p. iz.
b Collins gives for his authorities, " Ex Collect. T. Miller and Stebbhg,
Somcrs. Fecial."

c Vol. hi. p. too-

368 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the Pawlets possessed, from a very early period, a manor in this
parish 5 and from hence, no doubt assumed their name.

Sir William de Paulet, residing at Leigh in Devonshire,11
gave it the denomination of Leigh Paulet, and dying in 1242,
was succeeded by Sir William his son and heir, who was also
wrote of Leigh Paulet, and died in 12S1, leaving issue Sir Wil-
liam Paulet, who died in 1314, and was succeeded by

Sir Walter Paulet, of Rode in com. Somerset, who departed
this life 1322.

The next mentioned in the succession, is Sir William
Paulet of Rode (but omitted by some genealogists) whose suc-
cessor was

John Paulet, of Paulet, and Gotehurst in Somersetshire.
Which John had the honour of Knighthood conferred on him,
and died in 1356, having made an addition to his estate by mar-
riage with Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Reyney, of
Rowd, e and Shyrston in Somersetshire. She was such a consi-
derable heiress/ that Sir John Paulet, her son, sealed with the
arms of Reyney in 15 Rich. II. viz. Gules, a pair of Wings con-
joined in Lure, Argent. In 4 Rich. II. this Sir John Paulet was
in that expedition under Thomas Plantagenet, Earl of Bucking-
ham, s and Duke of Gloucester, in aid of the Duke of Brittany
against the French, and had the honour of Knighthood conferred
on him in the camp before St. Omer's ; and afterwards the same
honour was conferred on his son, Sir Thomas Paulet, h when the
army the same year came before Trois:

This Sir John Paulet married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of
Sir ' John Creedy, of Creedy in com. Devon, Knight, and dying
in 1378, left issue two sons, Sir Thomas Paulet, from whom the
present Earl Paulet, is descended; and William : also a daughter,
Dionysia, wife of John Popham, of Hintworth, Esq.

Which William Paulet, second son to Sir John Paulet, being
called to the degree of sergeant at law in 3 Henry V. was wrote
of Melcomb Paulet in Somersetshire. And departing this life on
August 8th, 1435, had sepulture by Eleanor his wife, who died
in 14 L3, and was buried at Melcomb Paulet. She was eldest

d MS. de Famil. Nob.in Bibl. Lambeth.
« See Collinson, vol. iii p. 74. Melcombe- Paulet, Rowd, and Sberston,
are all in the large parish of North Petherton.

' MS. in Bibl. Lamb praed. e Hollinshed, Chron. vol. ii p. 426.

h Ibid. ' MS- per Glover Somerset penes meips.

MARQUIS OF WINCHESTER. $69

daughter of Philip de la Mere, of Noney Castle in Somersetshire*
and Fisherton de la Mere in Wilts, by the daughter and heir of
Reginald Hussey, and sister k and heir to Sir Elias de la Mere of
the same places.

Leland records this place in his Itinerary, vol. vii. part 2,
f. 73, b. " From Frome onto Nunney Delamare a good village a
2 myles, al by champayne grounde fertile of corne. There is a
praty castle at the weste endeof the paroche chnrehe, havynge at
cche ende by northe and southe 2 praty round Towres gatheryd
by cumpace to joyne inc. &c. Delamare and his wyfe, makers
of the caule, lyburyed in the Northe syde of the Paroche churche
at Nunney. This Castell longed to Delamare, syns to Powllet
Lord St. John."

Sir John Paulet, their son and heir, added greatly to his estate
by marriage with Constance, second daughter and coheir of Hugh,
only son and heir of Sir .Thomas Poynings, Lord St. John of
Basing, who died in the life-time of his father, in 5 Henry VI.
And Sir Thomas Poynings, Lord St. John, dying1 on March 7*
1-128-9, the said Constance was found to be one of his coheirs,
and then of the age of twenty years. And' in 8 Hen. VI. Sir
John Paulet had'" livery of that purparty (or share) of those lands
which were of the inheritance of the said Constance his wife, and
by her left issue,

John, who likewise did not a little augment his estate, by his
marriage with Eleanor, daughter and coheir to Robert Roos, of
Gedney, Skeltcn, and Irby in com. Line. Esq.; and by his last
will and testament, bearing date December 1st, 1470, ordered his
body to be buried in the church of the monastery of Boxholme. a
He had issue a daughter, Margaret* wife of Sir Amias Paulet, of
Hi n ton St. George in com. Somerset, and a son of his own name,
who was knighted. Which

Sir John Paulet was one of the commanders of the army,0,
that subdued the Cornish men at Blackheath, on June 22d, 1497,
under the conduct of James Lord Andley j and was created one
of the Knights of the Bath, at the marriage of Prince Arthur,
on November 14th, 1501. p By his wife Alice, daughter to Sir

* Claus. 8 Hen. VI. m a. l Esch. 7 Hen. VI. n 69.

m Rot. Fin. 8 Hen. VI m. 18.
» There seems however to be a monument for him in Basing Church, by
which he appears to have died in 1488. See Gent. Mag. vol. lvii. p jo,7-
o Polyd Virg p. 600.
p For him also there appears to be a monument at Basing. Soe Ibid.
VOL. n. 2 B

370 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

William Paulet of Hinton St. George, he had issue four sons :
first, Sir William his heir 5 second, Thomas, who died without
issue.

Third, Sir George Powlett, of Crundal, Hants, who lies buried
under an altar-tomb in the church of that parish. * He had three
wives ; first, Jane, daughter of Peter Larke, Esq. of Thetford in
Norfolk, widow of George Leeche, by whom he had one son
William Powlett ; who by Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Smith,
Esq. had William ; who by Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Coding-
ham, Esq. had Elizabeth, his daughter and heir, married to Oliver
St. John, Earl of Bolingbroke. Sir George married, secondly,
Barbara, daughter of Sir John Hamden, and relict of Henry
Smith, Esq. j and by her, who died 1552, had two sons and two
daughters, of whom Sir Hamden Powlett, left a daughter and heir
Elizabeth, married to Francis Douse, of Broughton in Hants;
Mabel married, first, Thomas Chandler; and secondly, Roger

Corham-, and Elizabeth married, first, Reniger; andsecondly,

Walter Lambert. Sir George married, thirdly, Elizabeth, daughter
of William Lord Windsor, and relict of Henry Sands of the Vine,
by whom he had two sons and three daughters ; of whom Cathe-
rine married — — York, Esq. ; and Giles, r a younger son, was
of Swanthorp, and married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Wil-
liams, of Stoure in Devonshire. George Powlett, his elder

brother, s was of Crundal), and married Jane, daughter of

Kyne, of Lewis in Sussex, by whom he had Thomas, William,
(who died at Crundall, \6o6,) Andrew, and George ; and Frances,
wife of Richard Mascal, of Maiing in Sussex, Esq. Dorothy and
Anne. Sir George Powlett died 1558.

Fourth, Richard Powlett was of Herriard near Basing in Hants,
in right of his wife Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Peter Cowdry
of that place, by whom he had John Powlett, who married Cathe-
rine, daughter and coheir of Richard Andrews, Esq. of Freeiblk
and Laverstock in the same county, by whom he had three
daughters, and a son, Richard Powlett, of Freefolk and Herriard,
Esq. who by Anne, daughter of Sir Henry Wallop, of Farley
Wallop, had two daughters his coheirs; Agnes married to John

<i See Topogr. Miscell. 1792,^0.

r Several children of Giles Powlett, Gent, were baptized at Crundal be-
tween [581 and 1588.

> Several of his children were baptized at Crundal, between 1587 and
1598.

MARQUIS OF WINCHESTER. 3/1

Jervoise, of Chilmarsh in Shropshire, Esq. \ and Lucy married to
Sir Thomas Jervoise, Knight. l

Sir John Paulet had also two daughter, viz. Eleanor, married
to Sir William Gilford, of Ichil, in Crundal, Knight j by whom
he had Sir William Gifford, of Ichel, (now called Eivshot),n who
by Jane, daughter of Henry Bruges, Esq. uncle to John, first
Lord Chandos, was father of John Gifford, of Ichel, Esq. who was
buried at Crundal, lofJ3.

Catherine, youngest daughter, was fourth wife of William
Fermor, of Somerton in the county of Oxford, Knight.

Sir William, the eldest son and heir of Sir John and Alice
Paulet, was a man whose supple politics raised him to a high de-
gree of rank and power, and preserved his long life in a state of
uniform prosperity. For in 24 Henry VIII. (being then a Knight)
he was comptroller of the King's household;-15 and in 25 Henry
VIII. y he was sent with the Duke of Norfolk, to attend Francis I.
King of Fiance, unto his intended interview with the Pope at
Marseilles.

In 29 Henry VIII.2 he was made Treasurer of the King'.*
household; and by letters patent, bearing date 9th iVhirtii, 153S-9,
advanced to the dignity of a Baron, a by the title of Lord Si\
John of Basing. And in 1539, h having summons to Parlia-
ment, he took his place there on the 28th of April following. ;

Id 32 Henry VIII. c he was made Master of the Wards, which
office was confirmed to him in 34 Henry VIII. d with the fee of
200/. per ann. he being the first on whom it was bestowed, after
the establishment of that court by authority of Parliament ; and
the year following, on April 23d, was elected ' a Knight Compa-
nion of the most noble Order of the Garter, and installed on May
5th following.

In 36 Henry VIII. he accompanied the King at the taking of
Boulogne, and was one of the King's executors, one of the council
to Prince Edward, afterwards King Edward VI. in the first of
whose reign f he had the custody of the Great Seal (being then

1 See Gent Mag. vol lix p. 21.
u Now the seat of Henry Maxwell, Esq who married Deborah, daughter
of Edward Brydges, Esq. of Wootton in Kent, descended fiom Authonyygreat
nephew of Henry Bruges above-mentioned.

x Pat. 24 Hen. VIII. p 2 , Herbert, Hist. Henry VIII. p.35*-

z Ibid. p. 430. a Pat. 30 Henry VIII. p. 4. m. 1.

b Journal of Pari. c Pat. 32 Hen. VIII. p 8.

4 Pat. 34 Hen. VIII. p. 2, c Anstis's Resist, vol. i- p. 42*.

1 Pat. 1 Edward VI p. 4.

372 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Lord Great Master of the household, and president of the
council.)

On January 19th, 1549-50, s he was created Earl of Wilt-
shire; after, h made Lord High Treasurer of England; and ' on
October 12th, 1551, created Marquis of Winchester.

By his councils it was, in a great measure, that the Duke of
Northumberland's design in setting the Lady Jane Grey on the
throne was prevented , for which the Queens Mary and Eliza-
beth continued him in the treasurer's office, which he enjoyed
for thirty years; and being asked, how he preserved himself in
that place through so many changes of government ? He answered,
By being a willow, and not an oak.

He built the beautiful and magnificent seat, called Basing, in
the county of Southampton ; and died at Basing aforesaid, on
March I Oth, 15/1-2.

" This year," says Camden, " a peaceable death took away
William Powlett, Lotd High Treasurer of England, Marquis
of Winchester, Earl of Wiltshire, and Lord St. John of Easing j
a man that had passed through very great honours. He died in
the ninety-seventh year of his age, after he had seen one hundred
and three persons that were descended from him."k "Truly,"
says Naunton, " the old man taught all the courtiers, especially
William, Earl of Pembroke, for they two were ever of the King's
religion, and over-zealous professors ; and being younger branches
(yet of noble houses) they spent what was left them and came on
trust to the court. Where, upon the bare stock of their wits, they
began to traffic for themselves, and prospered so well, that they
got, spent, and left more than any subjects from the Norman
Conquest to their own times."

By his first wife Elizabeth, daughter to Sir William Capel,
Knight, ancestor to the present Earl of Essex, he had four sons
and four daughters, of which the Lady Alice was married to
Richard Stawell, of Cotherston in com. Somerset, Esq. y Lady
Margaret, to Sir William Beikeley, Knight; Lady Margery, to
Sir Richard Waller, of Oldstoke, Hants, Knight ; and Eleanor, ' to
Sir Richard Pecksall,of Beaurepaire, in Hants, master of the buck-
hounds, Knight; John, the eldest son, succeeded his father, as
Marquis of Winchester.

« Pat. 3 Edward VI p. 7. h Pat. 4 Edward VI. p. 2.

1 Pat. 5 Edward VI. p. 4..
' . K Scc-a print and memoir of him in Harding's Biogr. Mirror-
1 Inscrip. Tumul in Westminster Abbey.

MARQUIS OF WINCHESTER. 373

Lord Thomas Poulet, of Cossington in the county of Somerset,
second son, married Mary, daughter and heir of Thomas Moore,
of Melpash, in Dorsetshire, and by her had, first, George Poulet,
who by Alice his wife, daughter of Thomas Pacy (or Plesey) of
Holberry in Hants, was father of Rachel, married to Philip de
Carteret, Lord of St. Owen's and Sark, ancestor to the late Earl
Granville; second, Christopher, who wedded successively two

wives, viz. daughter of Christopher Sacheverelle, and

Margaret, daughter of Windham ; third, Elizabeth, the

wife of Richard Dowse, of Morecourt in Wiltshire; fourth, Mar-
garet, married to Robert Frampton of Dorsetshire; fifth, Barbara,
successively wedded to Todovick Stukelcy and Thomas Melhur-t ;
sixth, Philippa, married to Robert Bond of Buckland ; seventh,
Mary, the wife of m William Southton, of Dorsetshire.

Lord Chidieok Poulet, of Wade in Hampshire, third son, was
governor of the town and castle of Portsmouth, jn the reigns of
Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth, and m;irried two wives, viz.
Anne, daughter of Sir Thomas White, of Smith Warnborough in
Hampshire; and Frances, daughter of Sir Edward Nevil, widow
of Sir Edward Waldegrave. By the fir^t, he had Thomas Poulet,
of Essex. By the latter, he had William Poulet, who wedded
Dowsabel, daughter of James Paget, Esq. and by her was father
of, first, William Poulet, of Paltons,° who by his wife Frances,

daughter of- St. Barb, of Broadlands in Hampshire, was

father of another William Poulet, of Poltons (who by his wife

Deborah, daughter of Dogget, had Richard Poulet, of

Gray's Inn) ; Thomas Poulet, and two daughters, Frances and
Catherine; second, Chidieok Poulet, who died issueless; third,
Thomas Poulet; fourth, Edward Poulet; fifth, John Poulet;

sixth, Elizabeth, married to Tyne ; seventh, Dowsabel

and, eighth, Catherine, Lord C!>i<heok Poulet had al<o. by his
second wife, two daughters, viz. Catherine, espoused to Thomas
Burgoyne, of the county of Cambridge, Esq. ; and Susan, wedded
to Sir John Seymour, of Marvel, Knight.

Lord Giles Poulet, of Cokels in Wiltshire, founh son, married
Mary, daughter and coheir of Nicholas Trapps, of* Maxstoke in
Warwickshire, Esq. a wealthy Goldsmith of London; and by her

m St. George's MS predict. n Pat. x Mary p n.

° Poultons in the New Forest was late the seat of Hans Stanley, and now
©f Mr. Doyley.

p Thomas's Edition of Dugdale's Warwickshire, vol. ii. fol. yo

3^4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

bad one son William, who wedded Elizabeth, daughter of William
Webb, second son of William Webb, of New Sarum ; and two
daughters, viz. Elizabeth, successively married to Weston Brown,
of Essex, Esq. and John Pollard, of Oxfordshire, Esq. ; and Anne
the wi/e of Francis Harris, of Ichen Esq. The said William was
ancestor to Bernard Poulet, Esq whose daughter and heir, Eliza-
beth, was married to Thomas Hoi beech, of Filongly in com.
Warwick, Esq. whose heir by her, Mary, was married to Edward
Lord Leigh, of Stoneley.

John, the eldest son, second Marquis of Winchester,
was summoned to parliament in the lifetime of his father, as Lord
St. John, t and by that title was one of the peers who, on Ja-
nuary 16th, 1571-2, sat on the trial of Thomas Howard, Duke of
Norfolk. And* by his last will, bearing date in 18 Elizabeth,
ordered his body to be buried in the parish church of Basing, in
the sepulchre there ordained by his father for himself and his pos-
terity; appointed a thousand pounds to be bestowed on the
charge of his funeral ; and departing8 this life at Chelsea in com.
Middlesex, on November 4th, 15/6, was accordingly buried at
Basing.

He married, 1st, Elizabeth, eldest daughter ^nd coheir to Robert
Wiiloughby, Lord Broke, and by her had four sons and two
daughters; Lady Mary, married to Henry Lord Cromwell, Baron
of Oakham 5 and Lady Elizabeth, first to Sir William Courtenay,
of Powdcrham Castle in com. Devon, Knight, and afterwards to
Sir Henry Oughtred, Knight. His second wife was Winifred,
daughter of Sir John Bruges, Knight, Lord Mayor of London,
widow of Sir Robert Sackville, Knight. * She died at Chertsey
in 1585, and Was buried in Westminster Abbey in 1586, but he
had no issue by her.

The sons were William, George, Richard and Thomas. George,
the second, was' knighted. He was governor of Londonderry,11
and murdered there, in May, l6t)8, by the Irish, then exciting
fresh commotions. He died unmarried.

Thomas, fourth son, married x Anne, daughter and heir of
Richard Brent, of Little Hinton in Dorsetshire. He died 28

* Camden's Annals of Queen Elizabeth. r Regist. Daughtry, qu 48.

« Ex Collect. St. Loo Kniveton, Arm.

* By whom she was mother of Thomas, first Earl of Dorset, the Poet.

n Cox's History of Ireland.

* Hutchins's Dorsetshire, vol. ii fol 55.

MARQUIS OF WINCHESTER. 375

Elizabeth, leaving an only daughter and heir, Elizabeth, married
to Giles Hobby, of Hursley in Gloucestershire.

William, the eldest son, succeeded as third Marquis of
Winchester, &c. having been, in his father's lifetime, sum-
moned to parliament, by the title of Lord St. John of Basing. He
was a learned man ; and had the reputation of being enumerated
among the poets of his day. He was author of a collection of
Essays, entitled The Lord Marquis Idlenes, London, printed by
Arnold Hatfield, 1586. 4to.v He departed this life * on No-
vember 24th, 1598, and was buried at Busing. He took to wife8
Agnes (or Anne), daughter of William Loid Howard of Effing-
ham, and by her who died b November 18th, 44 Elizabeth, had
issue William Powlet, fourth Marquis of Winchester, and three
daughters. Lady Anne, the eldest, was married to Sir Thomas
Dennis,0 of Holcolm Burnel in com. Devon, Knight. The second
daughter, Lady Catherine, was married to Sir Giles Wroughton,
Knight 5 and Lady Elizabeth, third daughter, to Sir Edward
Hoby, Knight.

Dugdale says, " he had also four natural sons by one Mistress
Lambert, a concubine, all Knights ; viz Sir William, Sir Her-
cules, Sir John, and Sir Hector -, to whom, as I have heard, he
granted leases of lands for the term of one hundred years of little
less than 4000/. per ann. value. Which lands are to this day
called The Bastard Lands"

William, wlio succeeded as fourth Marquis of Win-
chester, entertained Queen Elizabeth most splendidly at Basing,
in one of her progresses, by which and other expences, he brought
himself into pecuniary embarrassment. d He married Lucy,
daughter to SirThomas Cecil, Earl of Exeter ; and by her (who died
anno 1614, and is buried in Westminster Abbey) had six sons,
William, Thomas, John, Henry, Charles; and Edward, who was
po treacherous as to enter into a plot to deliver up Basing Castle

i See Park's R andN A. vol ii p. 55.

z F. F. in Offic Arm- folio 625.
a Hutchins's Dorsetshire, vol. i. folio 553.
'• Anstis's Observations on the Order of the Bath, p. 77.
c They had a daughter Margaret, the wife of Sir Arthur Mainwaring, Kt.
of Ightfeild in com. Salop. She died May 1st, 1632, and lies buried in the
chancel of Chertsey Church, com Surry M I.

d See Lodge's Illustrations, vol. iii. p 151. Carte's Hist. Engl. vol. iii,
p. 701, and Mem. of James's Peers, 309-

376 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

to the parliament.6 William married Mary, daughter, of An-
thony Brown, Viscount Montague, but died without issue, in
August 1621 ; and Thomas, the second son, dying unmarried,
John, the third son, became fifth Marquis of Winchester, at the
death of his father, on February 4th, 1626. But none of the
other three sons left issue, except Henry, who was created Knight
of the Bath at the coronation of Charles I. f and was ancestor to
the present Marquis.

John, fifth Marquis of Winchester, was one of those
noblemen who srood firm to Charles J. and made a garrison for
his Majesty of his fine seat at Basing, which endured a siege, from
August, 1643, to October Ifjth, 1045. During which time having
with him several brave officers, he made so many valiant and
dexterous sallies, that he killed great numbers of the enemy j but
being resolved to maintain it to the last, his house was taken by
storm with himself in it, and about two hundred persons. He
was so true a loyalist, that he caused to be written in every window
of it, with a diamond, Aimcz Loyaulte, i. e. Love Loyalty j which
so provoked the enemy, that they burnt this noble seat to the
ground, having found in it money, jewels, and household- stuff, to
the value of 200,000/. among which was a rich bed worth
14,000/. A particular journal of this siege was printed at Ox-
ford, anno Dom. \645 ; and the following letter to the speaker,
written in the Piotector's own hand, is now preserved, in the
British Museum :

" J thank God I can give you a good account of Basing,
After our batteries, we settled the several posts for the storm ;
Colonel Dalbert was to be on the north side of the house, near
the Grange, Colonel Pickering on his left hand, and Sir Hardress
Waller's and Colonel Montague's regiments next him. We
stormed in the morning at six o'clock. The signal of falling on
was the firing of four of our cannon, which being done, our men
fell on with great resolution and cheerfulness j we took the two
houses without any considerable loss to ourselves. Colonel Pick-
ering stormed the new house, passed through, and got to the gate
of the old house, whereupon they summoned a parley, which our
men would not hear. In the mean time Colonel Montague's and
Sir Hardress Waller's regiments assaulted the strongest work,

e Clar. vol. ii. p. 538
f Anstis's Observations on the Order of the Bath, p. 77.

MARQUIS OF WINCHESTER. 377

where the enemy kept his court of guard, which, with great reso-
lution, they recovered, beating the enemy from a double culverine,
and from that work; which, having done, they drew their ladders
after them, and got over another work, and the house wall, before
they could enter. In this Sir Hardress Waller performing his
duty with honour and diligence, was shot in the arm, but not
dangerous. We have little loss ; many of the enemy our men
put to the sword, and some officers of quality : most of the rest
we have prisoners, amongst which, the Marquis and Sir Robert
Peake, and divers other officers, whom I have ordered to be sent
up to you. We have taken about ten pieces of ordnance and much
ammunition, to your soldiers a good encouragement. I humbly
offer to you to have this place utterly slighted, for these following
reasons: it will take about eight hundred men to manage it ; it
is not frontier; the country is open about it ; the place exceed-
ingly ruined by your batteries and mortar-pieces, and a fire, which
fell upon the place since our' taking it. If you please to take the
garrison at Farnham, some out of Chichester, and a good part of
the foot which were here under Dalbert, and make a strong
quarter at Newberry, with three or four troops of horse, I dare be
confident, it would not only be a curb to Dennington, but a se-
curity and a frontier to these parts, inasmuch as Newberry lies
upon the river, and will prevent any incursion from Dennington,
Wallingford, or Farringdon, into these parts, and by lying there
will make the trade more secure between Bristol and London, for
all carriages: and I believe the gentlemen of Wiltshire and Hamp-
shire will with more cheerfulness, contribute to maintain a gar-
rison upon a frontier, than in their own bowels, which will have
less safety in it. Sir, I hope not to delay, but march towards the
West to morrow, and be as diligent as I may in my expedition
thither. I must speak my judgment to you, that if you intend to
have your work carried on, recruits of foot must be had, and a
course taken to pay your army, else, believe me, Sir, it will not be
able to answer the work you have for it to do. I entreated Colonel
Hammond to wait upon you, who was taken by a mistake, whilst
we lay before this garrison, which God safely delivered to us, to
our great joy, but to his loss of almost all he had, which the
enemy took from him. The Lord grant that these mercies may be
acknowledged with all thankfulness. God exceedingly abounds in
his goodness towards us, and will not be weary until righteousness
and peace meet j and that he hath brought forth a glorious work

378 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

for the happiness of this poor kingdom, wherein desires to serve
God and you with a faithful hand,

" Your most humble servant,

" Oliver Cromwell."

He had afterwards the satisfaction of seeing the restoration of
the Royal Family ; and dying premier Marquis of England, on
March 5th, 1674. in the sevenly-seventh year of his age, was
buried at Englefield in com. Berks, where a neat monument was
erected to his memory, of black and white marble, and in a com-
partment, this inscription in gold Roman letters :

He who in impious times undaunted stood,
And 'midst rebellion durst be just and good ;
Whose arms asserted, and whose sufferings more,
Confirm'd the cause, for which he fought before,
Rests here rewarded by an heavenly Prince,
For what his earthly could not recompence.
Pray, Reader, that such times no more appear,
Or if they happen, learn true honour here.
Ark of his age's faith and loyalty,
Which (to preserve them) Heaven confin'd in thee.
Few Subjects could a King like thine deserve,
And fewer such a King so well could serve.
Blest King, blest subject, whose exalted state
By sufferings rose, and gave the law to fate:
Such souls are rare, but mighty patterns, given
To Earth, were meant for Ornaments to Heaven.

By John Dryden, Poet, Laureat. s

Also in a compartment underneath, is this ;

The Lady Marchioness Dowager (in testimony of her love
and sorrow) gave this Monument to the memory of a most affec-
tionate tender Husband.

And on a marble stone on the grounc1, at the foot of the said
monument, is this inscription, in Roman capitals:

* See Walter Scott's Works of Dryden, vol. xi. p 154.

MARQUIS OF WINCHESTER. 379

Here lieth interred the Body of the most
Noble and Mighty Prince, John Powlet,
Marquis of Winchester, Earl of Wilt-
shire, Baron of St. John of Basing, first Marquis
of England : a man of exemplary piety towards
God, and of inviolable fidelity towards his Sove-
reign : In whose Cause he fortified his House of
Basing, and defended it against the rebels,
to the last extremity. He married three wives;
the first was Jane, daughter of Thomas, Viscount
Savage, and of Elizabeth his wife, daughter and
co-heir of Thomas Darcey, Earl Rivers, by whom
he had issue Charles, now Marquis of Winche-
ster. His second wife was Honora, daughter of
Richard Burgh, Earl of St. Alban's and Clanric-
card, and of Frances his wife, h daughter and
heir of Sir Francis Walsingham, Knight, and principal
Secretary of State to Queen Elizabeth, by
whom he had issue four sons and three daugh-
ters. Hii last wife (who survived him) was Isa-
bella, daughter of William Viscount Stafford,
second son of Thomas Howard, Earl of Arun-
del and Surry, Earl Marshal of England j
And of Mary his wife, sister and sole heir of
Henry Lord Stafford, who was the heir-
male cf the most High, Mighty, and most Noble
Prince Edward Stafford, last Duke of Bucking-
ham, of that most illustrious name and family,
by whom he had no issue. He died in the 77th
year of his age, on the 5 th of March, in the year
of our Lord, 1 67 4.
By Edward Walker, Garter
King of Arms.

Lady Jane Savage, the first wife, had the honour of an epitaph
from the pen of Milton, dated " from Christ College, 1631/ be-
ginning,

h Widow of Sir Philip Sydney ; and of Robert, second Earl of Essex :
her daughter therefore was half-sister to the Earl of Essex, who was the par-
liament general. See Lord Clarendon, vol. ii p. 528.
» See Topogr. vol- i. p- 425.

380 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

u This rich marble doth enter

The honour'd wife of Winchester, &c."

James Howell, who assisted her in learning Spanish, says,
" that Nature and the Graces exhausted all their treasure and
skill in framing this exact model of female perfection." It is re-
markable, as Warton observes, that both husband and wife should
have severally received the honour of an epitaph from two such
poets as Milton and Dryden. k

Of his four sons by his second Lady (who died on March 10th,
l65l, aged fifty-one years, six months, and nineteen days, and
was buried at Englefield) only two lived to maturity, viz. Lord
John Pawlet, who departed this life on June 11th, 1660, in the
twenty-third year of his age, and lies buried at Englefield ; and
the Lord Francis Pawlet, his brother and heir, who by .... his
wife, left issue an only daughter and heir1 .... married to the
Rev. Mr. Nathan Wright, who was second son to Sir Nathan
Wright, Lord Keeper of .the Great Seal of England. The three
daughters of John, fifth Marquis of Winchester, by his second
Lady, were Lady Frances, married to Lewis de Ricardie, of the
kingdom of France , Lady Anne, m to John Lord Belasyse ; and
Lady Honora, who died unmarried, on December 25th, 1660, and
was buried at Englefield.

Charles, first Duke of Bolton, eldest son of the said
John Marquis of Winchester, was instrumental in settling the
crown of these realms on the Prince and Princess of Orange, who,
on April 6th, J 689, appointed him Lord Lieutenant of the county
of Southampton, and advanced him to the honour of Duke of
Bolton, on the 9th of the same month. He raised a regiment of
foot for the reduction of Ireland ; and died on February 26th,

* T. Warton's Milton, p. 306. " Our Marchioness," adds Warton, " was
the daughter of Thomas Lord Viscount Savage, of Rock Savage in Cheshire;
and it is natural to suppose that her family was well acquainted with the
family of Lord Bridgewater belonging to the same county, for whom Milton
wrote the Mask of Comus- It is therefore not improbable that Milton wrote
this elegy, another poetical favour in consequence of his acquaintance with
the Egerton family. And afterwards we find some of that family intermar-
rying with this of the Marquis of Winchester." See Topogr. vol. i. p. 309.

1 By these means the Englefield estate, which came from Sir Francis
Walsingham, came to the Wrights ; and the last of that family left it about
twenty years ago to his half-brother, the late Mr. Benyon.
m She died anno 1694.

MARQUIS OF WINCHESTER. 381

1698-9, at Anneport, near Basingstoke in com. Southampton.
" This year," (1699) " died the Marquis of Winchester, whom
the King had created Duke of Bolton," says Burnet, f He was a
man of a strange mixture. He had the spleen to an high degree,
and affected an extravagant behaviour ; for many weeks he would
take a conceit not to speak one word ; and at other times he would
not open his mouth till such an hour of the day, when he thought
the air was pure. He changed the day into night, and often
hunted by torch light, and took all sorts of liberties to himself;
many of which were very disagreeable to those about him. In the
end of King Charles's time, and during King James's reign, he
affected an appearance of folly, which afterwards he compared to
Junius Brutus's behaviour under the Tarquins. With all this he
was a very knowing and a ve*ry crafty politic man : and was an
artful flatterer, when that was necessary to compass his end, in
which generally he was successful. He was a man of a profuse
expence, and of a most ravenous avarice to support that ; and
though he was much hated, yet he carried matters before him
with such authority and success, that he was in all respects the
great riddle of the age." n He married, to his first wife, Christian,
eldest daughter and coheir to John Frecheville, of Stavely in the
county of Derby, Esq. afterwards created Lord Frecheville, of
Stavely ; and by her had an only son, named John, ° of whom his
mother died in childbed May 22d, 1 653, the child seven days
after, and are both buried at Stavely. But by his second wife,
Mary, the eldest natural daughter of Emanuel Scroop, Earl of
Sunderland, and widow of H< nry, second son to Henry Carey,
Earl of Monmouth, he had two sons, Charles, his successor, and
Lord William; and three daughters, of which Lady Jane, v the
eldest, was married to John Egerton, Earl of Bridgewater, and
died March 22d, 1714; Lady Mary died unmarried; and Lady
Elizabeth was the wife of Toby Jenkins, of Grimston in the
county of York, Esq.

Lord William, the youngest son, was one of the supporters of
the pall at the burial of the Duke of Gloucester, on August 9th,
1700. In 1715, he was appointed a Teller of his Majesty's Ex-
chequer ; and was a member for the city of Winchester in every
parliament, from 1 688-9, till his death, except those summoned

n Burnet's O. T. vol.ii. p. 225.

0 Le Neve's Mon. Ang. vol ii. p- 23.

' Great grandmother of John, now Earl of Bridgwater,

382 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

in 1710 and 1/13, when he was chosen for Lymington. He died
on September 25th, 1729, in the sixty-third year of his age,
having married to his first wife, the Lady Louisa, only daughter
to the Marquis of Monpouillon in Holland, who was a younger
son to the Duke de la Force in France $ and by her had two sons
and two daughters, viz. William and Charles Armand, Mary and
Jane : and by his second wife Anne, daughter and coheir to Ran-
dolph Egerton, of Betley in the county of Stafford, Esq. by Anne
eldest daughter and coheir of Henry Murray, Esq by Anne, Vis-
countess Bayning (who died in November 173/) had a daughter,
named Henrietta, married to William Townshend, Esq. third son
to Charles, second Viscount Townshend, by whom she had Charles
Townshend, created Lord Bayning, 1797. Of Lord William's
two daughters by his first wife, Mary, the eldest, was married to
Richard Parsons, Earl of Ross in the kingdom of Ireland j and
Jane was the youngest. And of the sons, William was chosen,,
on a vacancy in May 1729, a member for Lymington ; and for the
city of Winchester in the parliament summoned to meet on June
25th, 1741. He married, in February 1/21, the Lady Annabella
Bennet, daughter to Charles Earl of Tankerville, by which Lady,
who died November 27th, 1769, he had issue William, who died
on his travels unmarried, and Annabella, who married the Rev.
Mr. Smyth, and had issue Powlett Smyth, Esq. who has taken
the name of Powlett, and is of Sombourne in Hants, and a
daughter married to Lord Bayning. His brother, Charles Armand
Pawlet, Esq. was lieutenant-colonel to Churchill's diagoons, and
iri 1733, was appointed deputy governor of the Isle of Wight,
was also lieutenant-colonel of the first troop of horse grenadier
guards. On September 17th; he was constituted major-general,
also on October 10th, 1747, a lieutenant-general j on June 26th,
1749, he was installed Knight of the most honourable Order of
the Bath ; and, on February 2d, 1 750-1, was constituted colonel
oi the thirteenth regiment of dtagoons. He married, on June
12th, 173S, Louisa, daughter of ... . and relict of Richard Dash-
wood, of Oxfordshire, Esq. and died on November 14th, 1751.

I now return to Charles, second Duke of Bolton, elder
brother to the above-mentioned Lord William. In the lifetime of
his father, he went to Holland, in the reign of James II. and
came over with the Prince of Orange at the revolution, wherein
he was very serviceable. On November 17th, 1588, he was, with
others, appointed by the Prince of^ Orange, a commissioner for
managing the King's revenues at Exeter. And at the coronation

MARQUIS OF WINCHESTER. 383

of King William and Queen Mary, he carried the Queen's orb.
In 1690, he was one of the few noblemen of this kingdom, who
made the campaign in Flanders, reviving the antient custom of
their ancestors, who chose rather to share with their Prince in the
honourable hazards of the field, than to lead an inactive life at
home. In 1692, he was preferred to be Lord Chamberlain of the
household to Queen Mary ; and in the reign of King William,
was vice admiral of Hampshire, colonel of a regiment of foot,
one of his privy-council, of which he was sworn on June 3d, 1690,
and one of the Knights for that county in the parliaments called
in 169O and l6g5. He was appointed, in 16Q7, one of the lords
justices of Ireland. On the accession of Queen Anne, he was
continued a member of the privy-council; and on July 1st, 1/02,
constituted warden of New Forest, and vice admiral, Lord Lieu-
tenant and Custos Rotulorum of the counties of Dorset and South-
ampton. In April 1/05, waiting on the Queen at Cambridge,
he was made Doctor of Laws by that University. The next year
his Grace was appointed one of the commissioners to treat of an
Union between England and Scotland. In I /OS, her Majesty
made him governor of the Isle of Wi^ht, and Custos Rotulorum
of the counties of Dorset and Southampton; and on June 26th,
the same year, he was sworn one of the privy council according
to the act of union.

On the demise of Queen Anne, he was constituted, by her
successor, one of the lords justices of Great Britain, till his Ma-
jesty arrived from Hanover; and was continued Lord Lieutenant
ot the counties of Southampton and Dorset, and one of his Ma-
jesty's privy-council. On October 16th, 1714, elected a Knight
of the most noble Order of the Garter, and installed on December
8th ensuing. In 1714, his Majesty made him warden and keeper
of New Forest in Hampshire ; as also of the Duckoy there, the
manor and park of Lindhurst, and the hundred of Rudsberg -y and
bailiff of Burley in New Forest. Ou January 11th, 1714-15, he
was appointed Custos Rotulorum for the counties of Southampton
and Dorset; and on the 19th, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Ro-
tulorum of the counties of Caermarthen and Glamorgan; and
was also steward of the King's manors in Caermarthen and Car-
digan shires.

On July 8th following, he was declared Lord Chamberlain of
his Majesty's household j and on April l6ih, 1717, his Majesty
was pleased to declare his Grace Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

On May Qth, 17 19, he was appointed one of the lords justices

384 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

whilst the Kiug was at Hanover ; and on the 31st of that month,
set out again for Ireland, in quality of Lord Lieutenant.

On June llth, 1720, he was again appointed one of the lords
justices during his Majesty's absence in his German dominions ;
and died on January 21st, 1721-2, having had three wives.

By his first, Margaret, only daughter to George, Lord Co-
ventry, whom he married on July 7th, 1679 (ne being at the age
of eighteen, and she fifteen) he had no issue : and she dying in
February l6'82, he had to his second wife Frances, daughter to
William Ramsden, of Byrom in the county of York, Esq. grand-
father of Sir William. Ramsden, Bart, by whom he had two sons
(Charles and Harry, successively Dukes of Bolton) and two
daughters ; and this Lady dying anno l6g6, he married, in 1(397,
at Dublin, to his third wife, Henrietta Crofts, youngest natural
daughter to James Scot, Duke of Monmouth, by Eleanor, youngest
daughter to Sir Robert Needham, of Lambeth in the county of
Surrey, Knt. and by her (who died on February 27th, 1729-30)
had a son, born on June 23d, 1698, named Nassau.

This Lord Nassau Powlet was, on October 9th, 1/23, ap-
pointed auditor-general of the kingdom of Ireland, and on May
27th, 1725, chosen a Knight of the most honourable Order of
the Bath. He served in two parliaments for the county of South-
ampton, viz. the latter part of that summoned in 1714, and the
whole of that called in 1722, and in the next for Lymington j
and departed this life on August 24th, 1741. In December,
1731, he married Lady Isabella, youngest daughter and coheir of
Thomas Tufton, Earl of Thanet, by whom he had issue three
sons, Nassau, born in June 1733, and died in April, 1741 ; James,
born in December, 1735, and died young; and Charles, born in
February, 1739-40, and died in 1/46'; also two daughters, Har-
riet, who died young, and Isabella, married June 4th, 17^5, John
James, eldest son, and since successor, to John Earl of Egmont.
His Lady surviving him, married, secondly, Sir Francis Blake
Delaval, Knight of the Bath, and is since deceased.

His Grace's two daughters, by his second Duchess, were the
Lady Mary, married to Charles O'Neal, of the kingdom of Ire-
land, Esq. who died 1/lQ, and after his decease to Arthur Moore,
Esq. second son of Henry Earl of Drogheda, of the said kingdom ;
and the Lady Frances (who died on July 30th, 1715, aged thirty-
one) to John Lord Mordaunt, eldest son to Charles Earl of Peter-
borough and Monmouth.

Charles, third Duke of Bolton, was bom on Sep-

MARQUIS OF WINCHESTER. 385

tember 3d, 1685. In March, 1716-17, he was constituted colonel
of the royal regiment of horse guards, and on April 13th, 1/17,
was called up, by writ, to the house of peers, by the title of Lord
St. John, of Basing in the county of Southampton, having before
been elected member of the house of commons for the county of
Caermarthen. On October 10th, 1722, he was elected a Knight
of the most noble Order of the Garter, and installed on November
13th following. On June 1/25, he was appointed Constable of
the Tower of London, and Lord Lieutenant of the Tower
Hamlets ; also, at the same time, sworn of his Majesty's privy-
council ; and likewise was appointed one of the lords justices of
Great Britain, whilst his Majesty went to Hanover. On August
27th, 1726, his Grace was constituted governor of the Isle of
Wight, in the room of William Earl of Cadogan, deceased j and
on May 31st, 1727, was again one of the lords justices. On
September 2d, the same year, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant
and Custos Rotulorum of the counties of Southampton and Dorset,
the town and county of Pool, and the town of Southampton, and
county of the same, and governor of the Isle of Wight ; warden
and keeper of New Forest, also Custos Rotulorum of the county
of Caermarthen, and governor of Milford Haven in the county of
Pembroke.

On March 26th, 172£, he was sworn Lord Lieutenant of the
county of Glamorgan : but in 1733, his Grace opposing the court
measures, was divested of all his places. However, on May 12th,
1740, his Grace was appointed captain of the band of gentlemen
pensioners, and one of the lords justices for the administration of
the government during his Majesty's absence. On July 13th,
1742, he resigned his^post of captain of the band of pensioners,
and was again appointed governor of the Isle, of Wight, which he
also resigned. On July 2gth, 1742, he was constituted Lord
Lieutenant of the county of Southampton, and town of South-
ampton and county of the same, and afterwards resigned. In
November, 1745, his Grace raised for his Majesty's service a re-
giment of foot, at the breaking out of the rebellion, and was made
lieutenant general of his Majesty's forces.

In 1713, his Grace was married, to his first wife, the Lady
Anne, daughter and sole heir to John Lord Vaughan, and Earl of
Carberry in Ireland, as also Baron of Emlyn in the county of
Caermathen, English honour ; but not cohabiting with her, had
no issue by her, who deceased on September 20tb, 1751 : and he
vol. 11. . 2 c

386 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

soon after married Mrs. Lavinia Beswick, *» who left him no legi-
timate issue at her death, on January 24th, 176O. Herr Grace
was buried at Greenwich in Kent.

His Grace, after a tedious indisposition, departed this life at
Tunbridge Wells, on August 26th, 1754, aged sixty-nine ; and
was succeeded by his brother and heir,

Harry, fourth Duke of Bolton, who, in his brother's life-
time, was seated at Edington in Wiltshire. On February 28th,
1728-9, he was appointed one of the gentlemen of the bed-
chamber to Frederick, late Prince of Wales, and was elected
member for the county of Southampton in five several parlia-
ments, till he succeeded his brother in his honours. In June,
1733, he was appointed one of the lords commissioners of the
admiralty, which he resigned in March 1741-2, and on June 29th
following, was constituted Lieutenant of the Tower of London.
His Grace, on November 9th, 1754, was constituted Lord Lieu-
tenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Southampton, and
town and county of Southampton j and was sworn at St. James's,
on January 9th, 1755, of his Majesty's most honourable privy-
council. He married Catherine, daughter of Charles Parry, of
Oakfield in Berkshire, Esq. who was envoy to Portugal, and one
of the commissioners of the excise, by whom he had at his death,
on October 19th, 1759, two sons, Charles and Harry, successively
Dukes of Bolton, and as many daughters.

First, Lady Henrietta, married on July 12th, 1/41, to Robert
Colebrooke, of Southgate in Middlesex, Esq. afterwards Bart, and
died in 1754.

Second, Lady Catherine, married on January 4th, 1/48-9, to
William Ashe, Esq. member of parliament for Heytesbury in
Wiltshire, who died on July 1 1th, 1750, leaving his Lady surviv-
ing, who was married in February, 1755, to Adam Drummond,
of Meggins in Scotland, Esq. and died October 8th, 1774.

Charles, the fifth Duke of Bolton, on August 27th,
1753, was elected a Knight of the Bath, and installed on De-

n Well known for having performed the part of Polly Peacbam. During
the life of the former Duchess, she brought the Duke three sons, viz. first,
the Rev. Charles Powlett, now living, formerly rector of Itchen, Hants, Sec. ;
second, Percy Powlett, a lieutenant in the navy, deceased ; who was father of
the Rev. Charles Powlett, Jun. now rector of Stoke, near Alresford, Hants ;
third, Armand Powlett, in the army, dead.

r Ex Regist. Paroch.

MARQUIS Of WINCHESTER. 38/

cember 2d following. In the lifetime of his father, he was his
successor in the offices of Lieutenant of the Tower of London, and
Lord Lieutenant and Gustos Rotulorum of Hampshire (which he
represented in parliament oh his accession to the peerage) and of
the town of Southampton and county of the same ; but resigned
those employments since the accession of the present King. At
the coronation, on September 22d, 17^1, he carried the Queen's
crown. His Grace was a privy- counsellor, and colonel of the
northern battalion of the Hampshire militia. His Grace dying
on July 5th, 1765, aged forty-seven, unmarried,1 was buried at
Basing, and was succeeded by his only brother,

Harry, the sixth Duke of Bolton, who having passed
through the several inferior ranks in the navy, was declared vice-
admiral of the White on December 9th, 1/60, and died ad-
miral of the same. In 1754, he was elected to parliament for
Lymington, as he was to the succeeding parliament for Win*-
chester; and was afterwards vice-admiral of the counties of
Southampton and Dorset ; and Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotu-
lorum of the county of Hants, from which he was removed in
1793. His Grace first married on May 13th, 1752, Henrietta,
daughter of .... Nunn, of Eltham in Kent, Esq. ; and by this
Lady, who died May 31 at, 1764, and is buried at Eltham, had a
daughter, Mary, born October, 1/53, and married April 24th,
1/72, to John Viscount Hinchinbroke, eldest son to the Right
Hon. John Earl of Sandwich. She died March 31, 1 779. He
married, secondly, April 8, 1765, to Catherine, daughter of Robert
Lowther, Esq. and sister of James Lowther, late Earl of Lonsdale,
by whom he had two daughters, Lady Catherine, married 1787,
Lord Barnard, now Earl of Darlington, and died June 17th, 1807,
leaving two sons, and two daughters} and Lady Amelia. His
Grace died December 25th, 1794, when the dukedom became
extinct, and the title of Marquis of Winchester descended to
George Powlett, of Amport, Esq.

Lord Henry Powlett, next brother to John, the fifth and
loyal Marquis of Winchester, was created a Knight of the Bath
at the coronation of Charles the First j and by Lucy, his wife,
daughter of Sir George Philpot, Knight, had two daughters, Lucy

» His daughterly Mrs. Erown, married the Right Honourable Thomas
Orde, who> through her, came to the Bolton estates, and was created Lord
Bolton, 1797.

388 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

and Elizabeth ; and one son, Charles Powlett, of Anneport, Esq. ;
from whom came Francis Powlett, of Anneport, Esq. who married
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Norton, and heir to Sir John
Norton, of Rotherfield Park, near Alresford in the same county,
Bart, j by whom he had issue Norton Powlett, of Rotherfield,
Esq. who represented Petersfield in parliament, from 1707 to
1727} and by Jane, daughter of Sir Charles Morley, of Droxford
in Hampshire, had three daughters and eight sons, of whom l
George, the only survivor, was groom-porter to his Majesty, and
represented Winchester in parliament in I J 65 and 1768.

On December 25th, 1794, on the death of Henry Duke of
Bolton, he became twelfth Marquis of Winchester, as
next heir male. He married Martha, daughter of Thomas In-
goldsby, Esq. and by her, who died March 14th, 1 796, had issue,
first, Urania Anne, who married, first, on March 17th, 1785,
Henry De Burgh, Marquis of Clanrickard ; and on his death,
without issue, 1797* sne re-married colonel Peter Kington, who
was killed in 1 807, at the storm of Buenos Ayres ; second,
Charles Ingoldsby, who succeeded 3 third, Lord Henry, a captain
in the navy. The Marquis died April 22d, 1800, and was suc-
ceeded by his eldest son

Charles Ingoldsby, thirteenth and present Marquis
of Winchester, who was a short time an officer in the foot-
guards, and represented Truro in parliament, 1792; and a little
while before his father's death, was Lord Lieutenant of Hamp-
shire. He married, July 31st, 1800, Anne, second daughter of
the late John Andrews, Esq. of Shotney Hall in Northumber-
land ; by whom he has issue 3 first, John, Earl of Wiltshire, born
June 3d, 1801 j second, a son, born August 12th, 1803 -} third, a
son born July 7th, 1804.

Titles. Charles Ingoldsby Powlett, Marquis of Winchester
Earl of Wiltshire, Baron St. John of Basing in com. Wilts, and
premier Marquis of England.

Creations. Baron, by letters patent, March 9th, 1538-9,
30 Henry VIII. Earl, January 19th, 1549-50, 3 Edward VI. Mar-
quis, October 12th, 1551, 5 Edward VI.

Arms. Sable, three swords in pile, their points towards the
base, Argent, the pomels and hilts, Or.

1 Norton Powlett, junior, represented Winchester in parliament, 1 730.

MARQUIS OF WINCHESTER. , 3Sg

Crest. On a wreath, a falcon rising, Or, gorged with a ducal
coronet, Gules.

Supporters. Two hinds, Purpure, semee of Estoils, Argent,
gorged with a ducal coronet, Or.

Motto. Aymez Loyaulte.

Chief Seats. At Ampoit near Andover, Hants j and Rother-
field Park, near Alresford in the same county.

390 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

'

GEORGE GRENVILLE NUGENT TEMPLE,
MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM.

This family of Grenville, Greinville, orGrenevyle, or Greenfield?
as the name in very ancient times was variously written, has been
incontestably seated at Wotton under Barnwood, in Buckingham-
shire, at least from Henry the First's reign, which is apparent, as
well from the charter of Walter Giffard, Earl of Buckingham,
hereafter mentioned, and the register of the abbey of NutJey
(within four miles of Wotton) as from* one hundred and forty
deeds, sans date, concerning this family at Wotton ; and a regular
succession of a great number of dated deeds, which prove the pe-
digree in every King's reign from King John, being possessed of
the following manors in Buckinghamshire, viz. Wotton, Chilton
cum Easington, Ashington, Ham, Grenville's Manor in Haden-
ham, Nether Winchenden, Policott, Widmere, and Foscott; and
also divers estates in Dorton, Crendon, Adingrave, Grendon,
Brill, Borestall, Kingsey, Oakeley, Buckingham, and Wicomb,
in the said county ; besides manors, lands, &c. in other counties,
Of which deeds I shall give some extracts, to prove the de-
scent, b &c.

a Penes Ric Com. Temple,
b Prince, in his Worthies of Devonshire, treating of the family of Gran*
ville, mentions the Grenvills of Buckinghamshire to be a collateral branch ;
which is also remarked by George Granville, Lord Lansdown, in the account
he gave of his family to Moreri; where is likewise added their Norman de-
scent, from Rollo the first Duke of Normandy, who was of Danish extrac-
tion. And as to the present difference in writing the name, it was alike in
both, as is evident from the old deeds of the Granvills of the webt, and those

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 391

Gerard de Greinville0 (with Roger Earl of Clare, and others
of great note) is one of the witnesses to the charter of Walter
Giffard, the second Earl of Buckingham and Longville; wherein
he granted to the priory of Newenton Longeville, in com. Buck,
all tythes of Buckingham, and several other places adjacent in that
county, and among which are, Chilton, and Wotton, the seat of
this family of Grenville; d which lordship was held of the honour
of Giffard ; and there are tythes at Wotton, called to this day
Longeville tythes. It is therefore a very reasonable conjecture,
that the said Gerard was one of the first sons of Richard de Gran-
ville,, mentioned in the note, by his wife the sister of the said
Walter Giffard, Earl of Buckingham, who founded the abbey of
Nutley, e in Bucks, anno ll6l, and died without issue, f in 1164.
The said Gerard de Greinville held of Walter Giffard, Earl of
Buckingham, & three Knights fees, de veterifeqffamento, in the
reign of Henry the First, or before, Walter Giffard, first Earl of
Buckingham, dying 1103, and the tenure of lands, held from the
crown in the time of Henry the Second, were called de novo. A
Knight's fee then consisted of twelve carves, or carucates of land,
worth yearly 20/. and every carve, or carucate, consisted of eight
oxgangs, and each oxgang contained fifteen acres of land. The
said Gerard de Greinville appears likewise, by the pipe rolls, h to,
have paid his proportion to an aid levied by the sheriff, on the
principal persons of the counties of Bucks and Bedford, in 1156.

of Buckinghamshire. And as to the arms being different, it is well known t»
our antiquaries, that they were not generally settled till the reign of Edward
the First-

Richard di Gran villi, who came in with William the Conqueror,
married one of the daughters of Walter Giffard, Earl of Buckingham and
Longville, to whom, with that honour, the Conqueror gave great possessions
in Buckinghamshire, viz. forty-eight lordships, called the Honour of Giffard,
whereof Crendon was the chief; b it was therefore sometimes called the
honour of Crendon; and Wotton and Chilton were members of the said
honour. He was son of Harmo Dentatus, Earl of Corboil, and Lord of
Thorigny and Granvile, in Normandy ; and seated himself first at Biddeford*
and next at Kilkhampton, in Cornwall. From him descended the Earls of
Bath, &c

c Monast- Ang. vol. hi. p. 111.

d Inquisitiones temp. Hen. III. and Edw. I.

t Jekyl's Barones Extincti, MS. p. 154, penes meips. f Ibid.

« Lib Rub. in Scaccar- " Rot. Pip 3 Hen. II. Bucks and Bedford.

» Rennet's Parochial Antiq. and Dugdale's Baionage, vol i-

3Q2 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Robert de Greinville, his brother, probably the same that
witnessed the foundation of Nethe, was ' also a witness to the
charter of William de Lizures, Lord of the fee of Borestal (or
Bostall) in com. Buck, three miles from Wotton, before the reign
of Richard I. for, in the first year of that King, the said William
de Eizisres died ; and in the reigns of Henry II. Richard L John,
and part of Henry III. lived Sir Eustace de Greneville, a person
of great note. He appears, by some subsequent deeds, which I
shall quote, to have been nephew to Gerrard, and Robert, before-
mentioned 5 but what his father's name was is not so certain.

In 32 Henry II. this Sir Eustace gave k one hundred marks to
have the lands that were Gerard de Greinvil's, his uncle, then in
the hands of the Kingj which debt1 was not discharged till
2 Rich. I. In 6 Rich I. he was in the expedition the King then
made into Normandy, m and on that account was with William
Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, Richard Earl of Clare, and Hugh de
Nevil (who were likewise in the said expedition) excused from
paying scutage. In the l6th of King John, he was n constable of
the Tower of London ; and having a grant from the Bishop of
Winchester, of the wardship and lands of William Borstard, King
Henry III. in the first year of his reign, • sent his precept to
GerTery de Nevile, to deliver to his beloved and faithful Eustace
de Greynvill Senesca/la nostra, the lands of Barton, and all other
the fees belonging to the said Willliam Borstard. In 3 Hen. III.
theP sheriff of Yorkshire had command from the King, to deliver
full seisin of the manor of Barton to his beloved and faithful
Eustace de Greynvill, for his support in his service. And the
year after, on a plea for the advowson of the church of Barton, in
com. Ebor. i between the said Eustace de Greynvill, and the
priory of the Trinity in York, who claimed it by a charter of
Ralph Paganel, he set forth his claim from the Paganels, and that
he also had it by gift from the King. In g Hen. III. he r came to
the King on the muster at Montgomery against the Welsh. In
18 Henry III. William de Buzin8 presented to the church at

1 Kennet's Parochial Antiq. of Ambrosden, Sec, p. 148.

* Rot. Pip. 32 Hen. II. Bucks and Bedford.

1 Rot. Pip. 2 Rich. I. Bucks and Bedford.

m Rot. Pip. 6 Richard I. n Claus. 16 Joh. m. 18.

o Claus. 1 Hen. III. m. 8. p Claus. 3 Hen. III..

<i Placita apud Westm. Term. Hilar. 4 Hen III. Rot. 6.

r MS. Not. B. 5 in Bibl- Joh. Anstis, Arm nup. Garter Reg. Armor, p. 37.

« Kennet's Par. Antiq. p. 277.

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 393

Feringford, alias Fringford, in com. Oxon. the advowson of which
he had recovered in the King's court, against the prior of Coges,
and Eustace de Grenevill, and Joan his wife, &c. Also the same
year, 18 Henry III. the King directs the Barons of his Exche-
quer, to remit to Eustace de Greinville the hundred marks he was
to pay for having seisin in the manor of Tunstal in Ireland, which
Hugh de Burgh had of the gift of Robert Arsic, father of Joan,
wife to Sir Eustace, and Alexandria, wife to Thomas de la
Haye j as they had not possession of the said manor, which they
fined for.

This Sir Eustace is a witness to William Marshal, Earl of
Pembroke's confirmation of the gifts of the venerable Earl of
Buckingham, and his wife, to the abbey of Nutley, and particu-
larly of the park of Crendon, which Earl of Pembroke married
Isabel, the daughter and heir of Richard de Clare, Earl of Pem-*^
broke, * descendant from Rohais, sister to Walter Giffard, the
founder of that abbey. And the same Sir Eustace, for the souls
of him and his ancestors, granted, &c. to God, and the Blessed
Mary, the park of Chrendon, (i. e. Nutley u) and the Canons there
serving God, Williamson of Syward de Codington, his villain in
Chilton j and that the same William should serve the said canons,
in the same conditions and services, as he was obliged to serve
him. Also to a x grant of this Sir Eustace de Greheville, of half
a hide of land, &c. in Chilton, to the said abbey of Nutley : the
witnesses thereto are Robert de Greinvile, Gerard de Greinville,
and William his brother, Jordain de Valoines, and William de
Arches. Which William de Arches y was son of Godfrey, younger
brother to Walter Giffard, Earl of Longueville in Normandy,
father to the first Earl of Buckingham t and was cotemporary with
Walter Giffard, second Earl of Buckingham, who founded the
abbey of Nutley.' Likewise, by another charter, z he granted to
William, son of Nygell, one yard land in Chilton, which John,
the son of Syward, held of him, with free paunage in his woods
for his swine j and also grants to him, the said Syward, to be his
villain, cum tota sectasua; whereunto are witnesses, Robert de
Greinville, Reginald de Greinville, with Gerard and Robert de
Greinville, sons of Robert de Greinville. The charters are with-

1 Dugdale's Baronage, volt p 6o-

»• Ex Regist. de Nutley, MSS. * Ibid.

r Jekyl's Baronage, MSS p- 154, in Famil- de Giffard.

z Ex Chart, penes Ric Dom. Cobham.

394 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

out date, but by the witnesses appear to be before the reign of
King John ; a for William, son of Nygell, died in the beginning
of that King's reign.

By another charter, he sends greeting to all his friends and
vassals, French and English, confirming b to the abbey of the
park (viz. Nutley) for the soul of King Henry, of Gerard his
uncle, his own and his wife's souls, the gift of the church of
Chilton, &c. which Walter Giffard, Earl of Buckingham, gave to
the abbey. This confirmation of the Earl of Buckingham's grant
by Sir Eustace strengthens much the conjecture of his being de-
scended from the daughter of Walter Giffard, Earl of Bucking-
ham, who was married to the first Richard de Granvile. More-
over, he adds, several gifts of his own ; to which Robert and Re-
ginald Greinville are witnesses, &c. Hec likewise grants to
Robert, son of Robert de Greinville, his uncle, for service and
homage, two hides of his land in Chilton.

The said Sjr Eustace had to wife Joan, d the eldest of the two
daughters and coheirs of Robert de Arc/ic, Baron of Coges in Ox-
fordshire ; Alexandria, the youngest, was the wife of Thomas de
Haye. This Robert de Ar§ic was lineally descended from Ma-
nasses Arcic, a Norman, who in 1 103, e gave the church of Coges
to the monks of Fescamp, in Normandy, with lands and tythes in
divers other places ; which induced the monks of Fescamp to send
over part of their convent to Coges, and there founded a cell to
that foreign monastery/

a Kennet, p, :66.

b Ex Regist. Nutley in Dugdale's MS. vol. xxxix. fol, 68- in Bibl.
Ashmol Oxon.

« Ibid. d Dugdale's Baronage, vol. i- p. 538, 539.

• Ibid.

1 The aforementioned Robert de Arfic, Baron of Coges, in 13 Job. t, paid
twenty pounds* five shillings, for twenty Knights fees, and a fourth part :
but being with William de Albini, Thomas de Muleton, and other of the re-
bellious Barons, in the castle of Rochester, h was there taken prisoner, in
17 Joh. and committed to the custody of Peter de Mauley, and his lands in
Oxfordshire were seized into the King's hands, » and disposed of for the
maintenance of the castle of Oxford However, on that accord, between
King Henry and those Barons, in the first year of his reign, he had restitu-
tion of his lands ; and afterwards continued firm in his obedience to the said
King- In 13 Hen- III.* when the scutage of Wales was levied, he had his
discharge for twenty Knights fees, and a fifth part, which he then held. He

« Rot. Pip. 13 Joh. Oxon. h Claus.17 Joh. m.4.

• Claus. 18 Joh. m. 14. " Rot Pip 13 Hen III. Oxon.

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 395

As the estate of the Barons Argic was passed into another
family, by Joan, the widow of the said Sir Eustace Greinvill, and
her sister, it is very probable he left no issue by her : yet he had
a son, named Gerard ; for, in the eighth of John, an assize 8
issued to know, whether Robert de Greinville, father of Ralph,
was seized in his demesnes, of three parts of one Knight's fee,
with the appurtenances, in Stanburn in Essex, which Gerard de
Greinville holds, whose father was Eustace, &c. But he dying
without issue, I now come to treat of Robert's two sons, Gerard,
and Robert de Greinville.

This Gerard grants to Walter de Burgh h all the lands which
he held of Gerard, son of Eustace de Greinville, in Chilton and
Wotton ; which was before 1243, * for in that year the said
Walter married, in Ireland, Maud, daughter and heir of Hugh de
Lacy, Earl of Ulster, and in her right bore the title of Earl of
Ulster, as did his descendants. The aforesaid grant was con-
firmed by William, his son and heir, by another deed -, and Henry
Greinville, son and heir of William, as they stile themselves, con-
firmed the same by a third deed ; to which last John de Grein-
ville is a witness. The aforesaid Gerard married Dionysia, who
is supposed to have been a daughter of Henry de Turbevile,

died soon after, for in 14 Hen. III. ' Joan, the wife of Eustace de Greinvill,
and Alexandria, the wife of Thomas de Haye, were found to be daughters
and heirs to him, and his great inheritance. But on the death of the said Sir
Eustace (without issue by her, as may be presumed) Joan, his widow, and
Thomas de Haye, with Alexandria his wife, passed away all their interest
and right in the barony of Coges before-mentioned, and all the inheritance
descended to them,m from Robert de /\rcic their father, unto Walter Grey,
Archbishop of York. What were their inducements or agreements with the
Archbishop, for this conveyance to him, are not mentioned; but in n 29 ando
30 Hen. Ill- he gave the said inheritance (mentioned to be of their gift) to
his brother Robert de Grey, p and to his son Walter de Grey ; viz. the lord-
ship of Rutherfeld (now called Rotherfeild) in com Oxon. with the advow-
son of the church ; together with a grant of all his manors, land, &c in Elles-
ford, &c. in Kent; Brighthelmeston. in Sussex, Coges, Somerton, Feringe-
ford, Herdewyke, Stanlake, Baggeringe, Corwelle, and Leye, in com. Oxon ;
Shobinton, East Cleydon, and Botil Cleydon, in com. Buck Wynterburne,
in com Berks ; Durston, in com. Northamp. Upton, Stillingflete, Moreby,
Drynhous, Seulcotes, and Ketlevvell, in com. Ebor.

e Rot- Pip. % Joh. rot 9 Essex. * Chart, sans date.

; Coxe's Hist of Ireland, p 5, and Barones Extincii, MS. p. 16 and 17.

1 Rot. Pip. 14 Hen- III Oxon.& Pat. 14 Hen. Ill m 6 and 13.

■ Dugdale, vol. i. p- 539, ■ Cart 29 Hen. Ill m 3.

6 Cart. 30 Hen. 1 1 1 m. 9. p Dugdale's Baronage, yoI, I p. 723.

S(j6 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

steward ofGascony, descended from one of the twelve Knights
that conquered part of Wales, with Richard de Granville before-
mentioned; for Henry de Turbevilek calls Robert, second son to
this Gerard, his nephew, in a release of lands, to him in Chilton,
which were redeemed from William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke :
dated in London, on Monday in Easter, 1235. This Geiard is
likewise a witness to Sir Eustace's grant1 to William, son of*
Nigel before mentioned, in which he stiles himself Gerard, son of
Robert de Greinvillej and, m with the consent of his wife Dionysia,
he grants lands in Chilton to their son Ralph. He appears to
have had four sons, William, Robert, Reginald, and Ralph.
Against Robert there was a distress in 19 Hen. III. n as owing to
the King 61. and half a mark, for Gerard his father. He had a
son named Ralph, who does not appear to have had any issue 5
but William, the eldest, had two sons, viz. Henry and John.
This William was witness to a deed concerning lands in Wotton,
betwixt Richard de Rupell and Walter de Burgoj dated on the
feast of St. Michael, 43 Hen. III. and was0 sheriff of Oxon. and
Berks, in 18 Edw. I. and Custos of the Castle of Oxford, which
was committed to him during the King's pleasure. Fuller, in the
list of sheriffs, erroneously calls him William de Gresmil. Henry,
his eldest son, had no issue j and John had only three daughters,
by his wife Agatha, daughter to Walter de Burgo ; viz. Nichola, p
married to Sir Reginald Hampden, from whom the Hampden s
are lineally descended j Agnes, married to John le Bruyn j and
Maud ; as is evident from a fine in 18 Edward II. ^ levied between
John, son of Reginald de Hampden, Querent, and this Maud de
Greinvill, Defor. of messuages and lands in Ashenden in Bucks,
now again appertaining to the Grenvilles. The said John, in
1274, 3 Edward I. calls himself son of William, and confirms to
John Fitz-Nigel, junior, of Borestall in Bucks, r one messuage,
&c. in the demesnes of Adingrave, in the said county, in consi-
deration of one hundred shillings j Henry de Greinville being one
of the witnesses. He also resigns to the abbot of Nutleys all the

* Dugdale's MS vol xxxix. fol. 68. ' Deeds sans date.

™ Ibid. ■ Rot- Pip. 19 Hen III. Bucks and Bedford.

0 Madox's Hist. Excheq. p. 638.

p Vincent's Buckinghamsh. No. 138, in Offic Arm.

1 penes Fin. 18 Edw. I.n 387.

r Family Deeds, and Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. p. 281.

« Dugdale's MS- prasd- 38.

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 397

right he had in the lands, which the abbot held of him in Chilton.
And by a subsequent deed, t Reginald, son and heir of Alexander
Hampden,^ confirms the same. In 7 Edward I. there was a fine
levied between this John Greinville, Querent, and Reginald" de
Beachhampton, and As;nes his wife, Deforciant, of lands, &c. in
Esington, in the parish of Chilton.

But, that line ending with these three daughters, I now re-
turn to

Robert, second son of Robert de Greinville, witness to the
foundation of Nethe, &c. who married Erneberche. In Sir
Eustace's grant, before- mentioned, to William, son of Nigel, he is
one of the witnesses, and calls himself Robert, son of Robert de
Greinville jx and with the consent of his wife Erneberche, and
Gerard his son, and other his heirs, he gave to the abbey of Nutley,
for his own soul, and the souls of all his parents, ancestors, and
successors, ten acres of his lands in Chilton (which lie between
Wotton and Nutley.) He also released to the abbot and convent
of Nutley * all suits of court of Chilton, &c. which Simon, son of
William, parson of Shobington, owed to him in Chilton 5 and also
gave to the said abbot, and convent, view of frank pledge, and all
homages, &c. of them and their tenants in Chilton j to which
William de Greinville was one of the witnesses. The said Robert
also occurs a witness, when Osbert was abbot of Nutley, who was
the first abbot, and was living betwixt 1 162, 9 Hen. II. and II90,
2 Rich. I.

William, his second son, is frequently mentioned in the re-
gister of Nutley 5 z and, in 15 John, attended the King into
Poictou.

The eldest son of the said Robert was,

Gerard, a who confirmed to the 3bbey of Nutley that grant
often aGres of land at Chilton, made thereto by his father Robert,
and Erneberche his wife. And by a charter without date, granted
to Swemh one yard land in Hame, for which the said Swem gave
to the said Gerard de Greinville, his Lord, 10s. in money, and two
barrels of wine, and the yearly rent of 2s. To which are wit-
nesses, Robert de Greinvill tunc Dapijero, Reginald de Greinvill,
and others.

* Dugdale's MS- pra?d. 38. u Penes Fin. 7 Edw. I. n. 69.

x Dugdale's MS. vol. xxxix- fol. 68 * Ibid.

1 Claus 15 John,m. %■ , * ExRegist. Abb. Nutley.

b ExEyid. huj. Fam. penes R. Com. Temple.

398 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

In 1204, 6 John, hec gave the King forty marks, and GefFery
de Nevile one palfry, to have livery of the manor of Stanburn in
Essex, which was his father's, and which he gave to dower with
his wife. I also find himd written son of Robert de Greinvill,
among the witnesses to a charter of Roger Anglicus, son of Ralph
de Cherdsey.

And from Richard de Grenvill, son and heir to the aforesaid
Gerard, is the family now in being lineally descended. Which
Richard is a witness e to William de Borestal's grant to Sir John
Fitz-Nigill, of lands in Borestal, and Brill, in 14 John. And, by
his charter, f gave to God and St. Mary of Nuttele, &c. four shil-
lings rent in the village of Chilton. Also Richard de Prescot
held of this § Richard de Greinvill two hides of land, in the
village of Blechesdon com. Oxon, one in serjeantry, by the service
of carrying one shield of brawn before the King, when he hunted
in the forest of Wichwood ; as was found by inquisition, on the
death of the said Richard de Prescot, in 35 Hen. III. In a com-
mission directed to the gentlemen of Bucks in this reign, he is
second on the list. He h left issue two sons, Eustace and Syl-
vester, who ■ is mentioned to be brother to the said Eustace, in a
deed between them, not dated; as also k in another, in 10 Edw. I.
with Alice his daughter. '

The said Eustace de Greinville is styled son and heir of
Richard de Greinvill, in several deeds and records. In 26 Hen.
III. he, m with Robert de Rokele, were certified to hold a Knight's
fee in Wotton, of the honour of Crendenj likewise th3t he held
half of Wotton, of the honour of GifFard, in the reigns of Henry
III. and Edward I. In 38 Henry III. the King sent his mandate
to the sheriff of Essex, n to give Eustace de Greinvile seisin of his
manor, and lands in Stanburne, in that country, with the same
tenure, as at the seizure by the Normans. ° And by his charter,
writing himself son and heir of Richard de Greinvile, he con-

« Rot. Pip. 6 John, Essex- d Ex Regist. de Nutley.

e Kennet, p. 178.

f Regist. de Nutley, MS. Dugdale, vol xxxix. fol 68.

« Kennet, p. 244- h Folio Ledger, penes R Com. Temple.

1 Family Deeds. k Ibid.

■Cotemporary with them was Adam de Greinville, one of the King's

judges, 44 Hen. I II. and probably of this family.

,n Testa, de Nevil. in Nom. Tenent. Hen. de Crendon Inq. Com. Bucks.

n Claus. 38 Hen. III. m. 7.

• Nutley reg. MS. Dugdale, vol xxxix. fol 68.

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 399

•firmed the gift of his father, of four shillings rent, &c. in Chilton.
Which charter, though without date, was certainly in the reign
of Henry III. Sir Alexander Hampden, one of the witnesses
thereto, calling himself sheriff of Buckinghamshire,? who con-
tinued in that office, from the 43 to 52 Henry III. And the
prior of Benthley1! gave to this Eustace de Greinvile all their
lands, &c. witness Sir Alexander Hampden, &c. In 52 Hen. III.
William de Valence, Earl of Pembroke (brother by his mother to
King Henry III.) acknowledges the receipt of two marks for one
Knight's fee, which Eustace held of him in Wotton. r Given at
Wotton, and sealed with the seal of arms of the said Earl.

He was knighted in, or before, 1 Edward I. as appears by
deeds in that year j s and in 2 Edward I. Hugh de la Wichead
granted to Sir Eustace de Greinvile, his heirs and assigns, his
whole right in that virgate of land, with messuage, croft, and
meadow, which William de Hame, his brother, held of him the
said Sir Eustace in Wotton, and Hame, juxta Brehul, dated at
Wotton, the day of St. Nicholas, December 6th, 1273. It also
appears that he held one Knight's fee * in Wotton of William de
Valence, and he of the King in 24 Edward I.

This Sir Eustace had several sons at man's estate, before the
reign of Edward I. as should seem by his grants to them, without
date. He gave u to Richard Greinvile his son (with consent of
Gerard de Greinvile of Chilton, his son and heir) the one half of
Wotton j reciting in his charter, that he had given the other half
to Humphrey de Rokele, in frank marriage with Alice his daughter,
to hold to the said Richard de Greinvile, of him and his heirs, as
freely as ever he, or his ancestors, held the same. To which
Gerard, his son and heir, of Chilton, and Robert de Greinvile,
were witnesses. It does not appear what became of this Gerard,
or whether he had any descendants.

Likewise, he gave to John de Greinvile his son, x who mar-
ried Johanna, one piece of land, with the appurtenances, called
the Rudinge, lying between a messuage called Hollewey Street,
and the messuage which Geffery de Westcote held ; and also the
services of John Hernald, and William Start, with four acres of
land, part of the great meadow in Wotton, with divers other

p Fuller's Worthies, in com. Buck. * Lib. Rub. in Scac

«■ Ex Origin, penes R. Com. Temple.

* Family Deeds. l Ex libro Feed, mil in Scac.

u Ex Evident, de Famil. * Ibic'.

400 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

lands, &c. to hold to the said John, and his legitimate heirs. In
12 Edward I. there y was a fine between John de Greinvile and
Joan his wife, and Philip Honeley and Julian his wife. John,
his son, mentioned in several deeds in the reign of Edward I. z
held half a Knight's fee in Chilton, of Alionora de Lucy, who
held it from William de Valence, and he of the King ; and is
wrote, John, son of John de Greinvill of Wotton, in 34 Edw. I.
This John a died without issue male.

The before- mentioned Sir Eustace de Greinvill had another
son, Martyn, who occurs in the deeds of the family, as does also
Gerard his eldest son, of Chilton, b who was justice in Eyre of the
King's forest beyond Trent ; and ten pounds were ordered to be
delivered to him for his expences in hunting, on account of the
feast of King Edward's coronation. But no mention is made,
that he or Martyn left any issue.

The said Sir Eustace c was wrote of Chilton in 15 Edward I.
and of Wotton, in 19 Edward I. when he gave to Martyn, his
son, a piece of arable land in the fields of Wotton, called the
Buristude, &c. dated at Wotton, on the feast of St. Alban the
martyr (June 1/th) in the said year. After which I find no
further mention of him in the deeds of the family, but that he had
also five daughters j of whom Alice, married to Humphry de
Rokele, who had with her, of the gift of Sir Eustace, half the
manor of Wotton, as before recited; and the said Humphry*
gave a virgate of land in Wotton, for the souls of his father and
mother, and for the souls of him and Alice his wife; to which
Richard Greinvill of Wotton (her brother) was a witness ; and
Richard, son of Humphry, e confirmed the same, in 4 Edward II.
The said Alice married, secondly, Thomas Creslaund de Adin-
grave. The other daughters of Sir Eustace were, Amitia, the wife
of Richard de la Sale, of Hame ; Nicola ; Mary ; Margery ; and
Agnes, mentioned in a deed of Sir Eustace, her father, with John
and Martyn, her brothers.

1 now return to Richard de Greinvill, one of the younger
sons, to whom his father, Sir Eustace, gave half the manor of
Wotton, &c. as before recited. The first mention I find of him
is in a deed between him f and Richard, son of Humphry de Rnpel,

y Ex Evident- de Famil.

z Lib. Rub. ex libro feod. mil. in scacc. 24 Edw. I.

« Ex Stemmate. b Rot- Pip. 1 Edw. I. m. 3.

• Kennet, p. 309. d Ex Regist.de Nutley. « Ibid

r Ex Evid. de Famil.

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 401

concerning all such lands as the said Humphry, or Richard his son,
or Richard his grandfather, had of the said Richard de Greinvill, or
of Eustace his father, or of Richard de Greinvill, his grandfather, in
Wolton, &c. To which John de Greinvill, his brother, was a
witness. Alsotoanotherdeed, without date, ofthe s said Richard de
Greinvill, and Joan his wife, John de Greinvill, Peter, Richard,
and James de Rupel, are witnesses. And Richard de Greinvill of
Wotton, h and John, son of John de Greinvill, are witnesses to a

charter of Gilbert de Westcote, whereby he gave to Bere-

well, in frank marriage with Araitia his daughter, all his lands in
Wotton. In 23 Edward I. William de Olive ' granted to Richard
de Greinvill of Wotton, his Lord, an annual rent of lOd. for
homage of lands he held of him in Wotton j dated at Wotton, on
the vigil of Pentecost, 23 Edward I. In 30 and 31 Edward I. he
is wrote of Wotton, k with Joan his wife; and in 3 Edward II. l
he granted lands in Wotton {o William Greinvill his son ; dated
at Wotton, on Sunday after the purification of the Virgin Mary.
He is also mentioned in m several deeds in the reign of Edward II.
and Maud Olive de Wotton n grants lands, in Wotton, to Nicholea
and Agnes, daughters of Richard de Greinvill of Wotton j dated
at Wotton, on Thursday before the feast of St. Gregory the Pope,
18 Edward II. She also granted other lands to them in 19 Ed-
Ward II.

By fine, in 1328,° he settled his manor of Wotton, with the
appurtenances, after his own decease, on William his son and
heir, and the heirs of his body begotten ; remainder to Edmund,
brother ofthe said William, and to the heirs of his body begotten;
in default on Margery, Nicholea, and Agnes, daughters of the
said Richard de Greinvill.

Joan, his wife, was daughter to William Lord Zouch of Har-
ringworth, who was also possessed of the manor of Hamme, in
com. Buck, p and died in 26 Edward III. She was in her widow-
hood, in 8 and 10 of Edward III. as appears by deeds in those
years.

William de Grenevyle** is wrote son and heir of Richard, in
a deed dated at Wotton, in 1 Edward II. and in 3 Edward II. r

« Ex Evid de Famil. h Ibid ■ Ibid.

* Ibid. ' Ibid. m Ibid. » Ibid.

o Ped. Fin. Com. Buck. 3 Edw- III n. 29.

p Dugd Baron, vol.i. p. 691. 1 Family Deeds.

» Ibid.

VOL. II. 2 D

402 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

had a grant of lands in Wotton from Richard his father. In 11
Edward III. s this William Grenevyle, Lord of Wotton, granted
to Thomas, son of Richard at Halle de Woodeham, one acre of
land lying in the fields of Wotton, near the land of Alexander at
Halle. Dated at Wotton, February 6th, 11 Edward III. to which
Edmund his brother was a witness. In 1343/ he obtained a
licence from Thomas Beke, bishop of Lincoln, to found a chantry
in the church of Wotton. Agnes his wife, was daughter of Wil-
liam Wrighthan.

Thomas, son of the said Agnes, and William de Grenevill,
grants John and William, his sons, lands in Wotton, called Bure-
wells, by charter, dated at Wotton the day after the ascension of
our Lord, in 11 Richard IE. and" died possessed of the manor of
Wotton, &c. in 1402, 4 Henry IV. He had to wifex Elizabeth
Morest, by whom he had issue Richard Greenvile, his son and
heir ; and John, and William, before-mentioned. The said John^
married Margery, daughter and heir of John de Bourchier j but
neither he nor William had issue.

- The said Richard Greenvile, of Wotton, Esq. married Chris-
tian, daughter of . . . . Lancelove, in 3 Henry IV. as appears a by
the marriage articles, dated that year : and made his will in 7
Henry V. a purposing to go beyond the seas, as he therein ex-
presses 5 whereby it may be presumed he was in the wars of
France, under that victorious monarch. By his said will, he
orders his body to be buried in ecclesiastical sepulture, and that
all his lona Jide debts be justly paid : after which he bequeaths
all his lands and tenements, in Wotton, to his wife Christian, and
the heirs of his body by her ; and in default thereof, to remain to
his right heirs for ever. He bequeaths to Eustace, his son, all his
lands in Hadenham, in com. Buckingham, in fee simple ; and
that Christian, his wife, should release all the right she may have
in Hadenham to her son Eustace, before she enjoys his lands in
Wotton. Further he bequeaths to Christian, his wife, all his
personal estate whatever, desiring her to do for his soul what she
would be willing he should do for hers in the like case. He makes
William Burwell, and Robert Stratford, his executors, and be-
queaths to them 100*. sterling each, for their trouble ; dated at
London, July 4th, 1419.

» Family Deeds. t Ex Coll Brown Willis, Arm.

u Family Deeds. x Family French Deed.

y Fines 15 Rich. II. 1397. z Family deeds.

» Ledger Book, p. 267. b.

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. ' 403

He died before June 1st, 1428, as appears by an b indenture
then dated, wherein Eustace Greneville, Esq. his son and heir, is
wrote of Wotton, Esq. Christian, wife of the said Richard, sur-
vived him several years, c and joined with Eustace, her eldest son,
in granting the lands in Hadenham to John his brother, for his
life ; dated at Hadenham, August 5th, 32 Henry VI.

By her last will and testament, in Latin/1 writing herself
widow and relict of Richard Grenville, Esq. she orders her body
to be buried in St. Mary's chapel, within the prebeudal church of
St. Margaret, at Leicester j and leaves a legacy to Agnes her
daughter. The rest and residue of her goods, chattels, &c. she
leaves to her son John Grenville, and constitutes him her executor,
whom she expects to do for her soul as will be most pleasing to
God, and for her soul's good, as he will answer the neglect thereof
before sum mo Judice.

Eustace Grenville, Esq. son and heir of Richard and Chris-
tian, e was returned among the gentlemen of prime note of Buck-
inghamshire, who made oath to observe the laws, made 1433 in
parliament, for themselves and retainers. By the marriage arti-
cles f between this Eustace Grenville, Esq. and Elizabeth, daughter
of Baldwin Bottiller, it is recited, that the manor of Wotton, with
the appurtenances called Grenville's manor, shall be settled by a
recovery on them, and the heirs of their bodies; and in default
thereof on the heirs of Eustace; in default, to the right heirs of
Richard, father of the said Eustace. It is further agreed, that
Richard Quartermain, uncle to Elizabeth, shall pay to Eustace, or
his executors, forty marks of lawful money of England ; and shall
give to the said Elizabeth, on the day of her marriage, as much
apparel for her person and her chamber, as shall be worth ten
marks. It is further agreed, that Elizabeth shall have, in the
name of a jointure, twenty marks, and if she survive her husband,
the residue of the manor of Wotton: dated June 6th, in 1464.
Likewise by another indenture of the same date, & between Richard
Quartermain, Esq. and Eustace Grenevile, Esq. it is agreed, that
the said Eustace, by the Grace of God, shall take to wife Eliza-
beth, daughter to Baldwin Bottiller, Esq. cousin to the said
Richard Quartermain, and her lawfully marry before the first of
August.

6 Family Deeds. c Ibid.

rt Ledger Book, p. 299. b « Fuller's Worthies in Com. Buck.

1 Family Deeds. >■ Ibid

404 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

This Eustace, by his marriage, attained the h manor of Chel-
mescote, and a good estate in Warwickshire : and by his last will
and testament, ' bearing date at Wotton, on the feast of St. Cle-
ment the*Pope and martyr (November 23d) 1479, orders his
body to be buried in the chancel of the church of Wotton j and
leaves to the light of the blessed Mary, in the said church of
Wotton, three pounds of wax in candles, and two torches ; also
to the altar of the blessed Mary, in the same church, one bushel
of wheat, and as much of barley j and a bushel of barley, and as
much of beans, to the light of Holy Cross there ; and the like to
the light of St. Catherine there. His will further is, that a chap-
lain, for the space of one year, celebrate divine service for the souls
of his wives, parents, benefactors, and all christian souls. He
bequeaths to his son Richard 10/. and to his son Eustace 6/. as
also Hadenham with the lands there, during his life; and wills
that his debts be paid out of the profits arising from Wotton, as
well as at Hadenham. The rest and residue of his goods, &c. he
bequeaths to Thomas Fowler, Esq. Guy Westcote, Esq. and
Thomas Salmon, to dispose thereof for the good of his soul, and
constitutes them executors.

He died in the year after, 1410, and by his will it appears that
he had two wives, who died before him. Margery Brian was his
first wife, but by her he had no issue: Elizabeth, his second wife,
daughter of Baldwin Botteler, Esq. was at length (by the death of
her brothers, Richard and Thomas, without issue) sole heir to the
said Baldwin, who was son k and heir to John Botteler, by Joan
his wife, daughter and heir to John Waldgravej and he was son
and heir of John Botteler, by Maud his wife, one of the two
daughters and heirs of Guy de Bretton, serjeant at law, by Joan
his wife, daughter and heir to Thomas Grey, son and heir of Ro-
bert Lord Grey of Rotherfield, ' by Elizabeth his wife, one of
the daughters and heirs of William de la Plaunch, of Haversham,
in com. Bucks.

Thomas Grenville, Esq. on December 23d, 1489, was com-
missioned, m with Sir John Grey, Lord Grey of Wilton, Sir John
Dormer, Knight, and Sir John Verney, Knight, together with the
sheriff of Buckinghamshire, to summon all in that county, and to

h Dugdale's Warwickshire, ret Edit p. 4*8.
i Ledger Book, p. hi, b- k Ex Stemmate de Bottilier-

1 Dugdale's Warwickshire, p 7^8.
in Rymer's Fcedera, vol xii p 357.

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 405

examine what number of archers, armed and arrayed, each will
provide, at the King's expence, to go into Brittany; and to article
with them for that purpose, and to review them; and to certify
to the King, before the Quindenes of Hilary next, the names and
number of archers each are to find. This Thomas died without
issue; Richard being son and heir of Eustace.

Which Richard Grenvill, Esq. exchanged the" manor of
Ascot, in. com. Oxon, with Robert Dormer, Esq. for Ber well's
manor in Wotton, which the said Robert had purchased ; and
which had been given from the family by Sir Eustace de Grein-
vill, with his daughter Alice in marriage, as before-mentioned ;
and thereby the whole inheritance in Wotton was again united to
the estate of the family. By his wife Joan, daughter of ... .
Littleton> of Staffordshire, E^q. he left0 two sons, Edward and
George; also two daughters, Anne and Fortune.

By his last will and testament, p bearing date October 8th,
1517, he appointed his body to be buried in his chapel of St.
Mary Magdalen and St. Catherine, in the church of Wotton ; and
was a benefactor to the flights of our Lady and St. Catherine in the
said church. He bequeaths to each of his daughters 80/. towards
their marriage : and to his son George, after his decease, his house
at Chipping Wiccomb, within the county of Buckingham, called
the George, and all his lands that he hath in the county of Berks;
also the reversion of the rents arising out of Stoke Talmage, in
the county of Oxon, which his brother Eustace hath for term of
his life, but in reversion to him the said Richard ;< to hold to the
said George, and to the heirs of his body lawfully begotten ; in
default, to Edward Grenevile his son, and the heirs of his body,
&c. in default, to the right heirs of him the said Richard Grene-
vile. The residue of his goods, chattels, &c. he bequeaths to Joan
his wife, and to Edward his son, whom he ordains his executors,
to pay his debts, legacies, &c. as they think most expedient and
useful, for the health of his soul.

The youngest son George, mentioned in his father's will, was,
in 1536, appointed by his brother Edward Grenevile, Esq. one of
his executors ; and was serjeant of the buck-hounds to King
Henry VIII. but I do not find he left any issue. Of the two
daughters, Anne was married to John Josselyn, of Buckingham-

0 Family Deeds. o Ex Stemmate.

p In the Register's Office at Aylesbury.

406 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

shire, Esq. and Fortune was the wife of ... . Power, of Blechenden
in com. Oxon. Esq.

The aforesaid Richard died on October 8th, 1517, q as appears
by inquisition taken after his death, September 23d, 1518,
10 Henry VIII. which shews he was possessed of the manor of
Wotton, and Burwell's manor in Wotton, and Hame j and of
lands in Hadenham, in com. Bucks ; the manor of Chelscote, and
lands in Brayles, in com. Warwick, &c. and that Edward was
his son and heir, and of the age of thirty years and more.

Which Edward Grenevile, ' of Wotton, Esq. was sheriff of
the counties of Buckingham and Bedford, in 1527, ana* married
Isabel, daughter of Thomas Denton, of Caversfield, in com. Buck.
Esq. by whom he had issue five sons and a daughter. His last
will and testament is curious, and well worded for the time it
was written ; and shews his prudence and judgment. s In the
name of God, Amen, the 2d day of March 1536, I Edward
Grenevile, of Wotton Underwood in the county of Buckingham,
Esq. being in health of body and mind ; and considering the un-
certainty of this world, and the great affliction that now is daily,
make my last will, &c. He leaves his soul to God, the blessed
mother, and all the company of heaven. My body to be buried
within my chapel at Wotton, if it fortune me to depart there. He
bequeaths to the high altar at Wotton 2d. for unremembered
tythes, and to the parish of Wotton 205. He bequeaths annuities
to his younger sons, Richard, George, and Ranulph, his fourth
son, till they be of age j payable out of the profits arising from
Burwell's manor. And to whichever of his sons is his heir, at the
time of his death, and of the age of twenty-two years, several im-
plements of household stuff, &c. to be delivered by his wife, and
other executors if they think his heir have any toivardness in
him j else not to deliver the premises, till he be twenty-three
years old. He bequeaths to his wife all his other household stuff,
and also his beasts and cattle ; of the which he would have, after
his debts are paid, one half to be kept for his younger children, in
a stock for their increase, by the advice of his wife, and other
executors, until they are every one xxiii years old. The residue
of his goods, chattels, &c. not bequeathed, he gives to Isabel his
wife, George Grenevile, his brother, and Christopher Westcote,

9 Esc. io Hen. VIII. r Fuller's Worthies in Bucks.

» From the Archdeacon's Regist. at Aylesbury.

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 407

to dispose of them for the health of his soul, and his friends, and
all other things, as shall be thought convenient by their discretion 5
" whom I ordein my true and faithful executors, with full power
to mynister in wryting, in the forme of the law, thys my testa-
ment in part, or in all, so that they change not the matter in my
will. In witness whereof, I the said Edward have wrytten this
will and testament with my hand." He died on April 14th fol-
lowing, leaving Edward Grenevile his son and heir, twelve years
old.

His five sons were :

First, The said Edward Grenevile, Esq. who was born May
8th, 17 Henry VIII. had livery of his lands in 2 Edward VI. He
married Alice, daughter of William Hazlewood, of Alford in
com. Cest. who, after his death, was wedded to Walter Dennis,
Esq. He sold the estate, called Grenvile's manor, in Hadenham,
to William Wright. He lies buried in the isle appropriated for
the burial-place of the family in the church of Wotton, where
there is a tomb erected to his memory, with this inscription :

Here under lieth the body of Edwarde Greneveile, Esqueir,

late Lord of this Towne, who married Allice,

the daughter of William Hazlewood, and had

Issue by her one Son, who died yonge.

Wliich Edwarde deceased the xxxi of

October, 1585.

Second, Richard Grenville, Esq. who was heir to his brother,
and succeeded him in the estate at Wotton, &c. of whom I shall
further treat.

Third, George, who was born on April 22d, 1529, ana* died
without issue.

Fourth, Ranulph, born on July 28th, 24 Henry VIII. who also
died without issue ; as did William, fourth son, and Mary, in their
infancies, in the life- time of their father.

I now return to Richard Greinville, of Wotton, Esq. who
was born on October 28th, 1527, who succeeded his brother Ed-
ward in 1585. He married Mary, daughter of John Giffard, of
Hillesdon, in com. Buck. Esq. by whom he had issue,

First, Edward, who was born July 4th, 156 1, who lived to a
man's estate ; and being first a captain of a pinnace, called the
Swallow, and after of a bark, called the Thomas, under Sir Francis
Drake, died at Carthagena, unmarried.

408 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Second, Dorothy, who was born 1562, and married to Sir
Walter Cope, of Kensington in com Middlesex, Knight.

Third, Elizabeth, who was born in, 156.3, and died unmarried.

Fourth, Isabel, who was born in 1565, and married ....
Dudley, of Chopwell,

Fifth, Richard, who was born on September 10th, 1567 j and
succeeded his father.

Sixth, Anne, who was born November 6th, 1569, and died
unmarried. *

Seventh, another Edward, who was born January 1/th, 1572,
and married Dorothy, daughter of Sir JohnThynne, of Longlete,
ancestor to the present Marquis of Bath, and had issue by her a
daughter, Susanna.

Eighth, John, born July 6th, 1577* who died unmarried, Ja-
nuary 25th, 7 Jac. I.

Their father, Richard Grenville, Esq. died on November 7th,
1604, having settled his estates by will, bearing date December
6th, 1603, on his three sons 5 and was succeeded by his- eldest
surviving son,

Richard, born in 1507, wno married Frances, daughter to
Thomas Saunders, of Long Merston in com. Heref. Esq. re-mar-
ried to Thomas Tyrrel, of Castle Thorpe, in com. Buck. Esq. who
was buried at Wotton, January 30th, 1647. By her first husband,
who was buried at Wotton, April 8th, 1618, she had four sons
and two daughters.

First, Richard Grenville, successor to his father.

Second, Francis, who was born at Ludgershall, on October 7,
and baptised on the 10th, 1613 j and died on February 3d, 1636,
unmarried.

Third, Edward, born at Ludgershall, on September 12th,
]6l4, and baptised there on the 18th j who married Audrea,
daughter of John Duncombe, Esq. -f and in 1639 purchased the
manor of Foxcot, in com. Buck. t and rebuilt the greatest part of
the mansion house there. He was buried in the chancel of the
church of Foxcot, with this epitaph on a brass plate on a grave-
stone :

Hie jacet Edwardus Greenville, Jilius tertius Richardi Gree?i-
ville, Armigeri, de Wotton Underwood, in hoc Comitatu Bucks,
qui natusfuit 12 die Sept. 1614, denatus 17 die Aprilis, 1661.

« Ex Collect. B. Willis Arm.

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 409

He had two sons, Edward and George, and one daughter,
Frances, married to Philip Raleigh, Esq. ; Edward, his eldest son,
died soon after his father; and George in June, 1693. By the
death of which two sons without issue, the manor of Foxcot came
by intail to Richard Grenville, of Wotton, Esq. grandson to
Richard, who was eldest brother to Edward, the purchaser of this
estate.

Fourth, George, born at Ludgershal, on October 31st, and
baptised there November 12th, 1617/1 who died young, and was
buried July 10th, 1631. The two daughters of Richard were
Margaret, baptised December 14th, l6l5; and Susan, baptised
December 12th, 1616, and both died young.

Richard Grenville, Esq. who in 1618 succeeded to the estate
of his father, was born on August 8th, 1612. He was sheriff of
Buckinghamshire in 1636, x and in 1642 ; the Lord Paget being,
by ordinance of the parliament, appointed Lord Lieutenant of
Bucks, he y named Hampden, Goodwyn, Grenville, Tyrrel, Win-
wood, and Whitlock, to be his deputy lieutenants, who were ap-
proved by the Parliament. He was elected one of the Knights
for Buckinghamshire in 1654, 1656, and 1658. He had to his
first wife, February 9th, 1634, Anne, daughter of Sir William
Borlase, junior, of Mar low, in com. Bucks; by whom he had
issue, Anne, born April 18th, 1641, who died unmarried, and
was buried at Wotton in 1661 ; Amy, who died in two hours after
her birth, and immediately after her baptism, January 3 1st,
] 641-2; and Richard, born at his house in King-street, Covent
Garden, London, January 14th, J 646, of whom his mother died
in childbed the next day, in the 29th year of her age, and was
buried at Wotton, January 30th, 1646,

His second wife was Eleanor, daughter of Sir Timothy Tirrel
of Oakley, and relict of Sir Peter Temple, of Stanton Barry,
Bucks, who survived him, without any issue by hirn, and died in
1671. He lies buried in the isle of the church of Wotton, under
a tomb, with this inscription :

Here lieth the body of Richard Grenville, Esq. Lord of this
manor, who died the 10th of January, anno 1665, in the 54th year
of his age.

Richard Grenville, Esq. his only son and heir, was high-

■ Ex Collect. B. Willis, Arm. x See Seward's Anecdotes, vol iii. App.
r Whitlock's Memorial, p. 56.

410 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

sheriff of Buckinghamshire in 1671 ; and was buried at Wotton,
July 4th, 1719. He married Eleanor, daughter of Sir Peter
Temple, of Stanton Barry, in com. Bucks, and of Eleanor his wife
above mentioned, by whom he had issue a daughter, still born,
September 1st, 1670; Eleanor, born November 10th, 1672, and
was buried at Wotton, February 13th, 1688 ; Penelope, born
April 6th, 1674, married to Sir John Conway, of Bodryddan in
Flintshire, and who died in 1745 ; also an only son Richard.

The beauty, learning, and rare accomplishments of the said
Penelope, Lady Conway, are elegantly described by the Right
Honourable George Granville, Lord Lansdown, in one of his
poems. z

Her brother, Richard Grenville, of Wotton, Esq. j born
March 23d, 16/7-8, and baptised April 10th, 1678, served in
parliament for Wendover, and afterwards for the town of Buck-
ingham : and departing this life on February 17th, 1726-7, was
buried with his ancestors, in their isle of the church at Wotton,
on the 22d following. He married, anno 1710, Hester, second
daughter of Sir Richard Temple, of Stowe, near Buckingham,
Bart, and sister to Richard Lord Viscount Cobham ; and as the
present Marquis has his second title from that nobleman's sur-
name, and inherits his other dignities and estate, we shall give
some account of the pedigree of the said Richard Lord Viscount
Cobham.

Temple Family.

Peter Temple, 7 Edward VI. had a grant of the manor of
Merston Boteler in the county of Warwick, a being then wrote of
Dersert in the same county ; and also purchased the said manor
of Dersert in 2 Elizabeth. This Peter was likewise owner of the
manor of Stow in Buckinghamshire, where his descendants fixed
their residence. He wedded Millicent, daughter of William
Jekyll of Newington in Middlesex, and by her, who was buried
at Stow, December 6th, 1582, was father of two sons, John, and
Anthony. According to the inscription on his sepulchral marble
(on which there have also been two portraitures) in the church of
Dersert, b he died at Stow, on May 28th, 1577.

Anthony, the youngest son, was father to Sir William
Temple, ancestor of the celebrated Sir William Temple, and of
Lord Palmerstone.

z Lansdown's Works, i2mo. vol.i. p. 40.
• Pat. 7. Ed. VI. p. 4. b Dugdale's Warwickshire.

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 411

John, their eldest son, took to wife Susan, daughter and heir
of Thomas Spencer, of Everton in Northamptonshire, Esq. and
by her had six sons, and six daughters, as appears by an English
inscription on a monument in the church of Dersert, where the
said John and Susan lie interred. Under the above-mentioned
English inscription, c are these lines in Latin :

Cur liberos hie plurimos,
Cur hie amicos plurimos,
Et pturimas pecunias,
Vis scire cur reliquerit ?
Tempellus ad plures abiit.

His sons were, Sir Thomas, of whom hereafter ; George, who
died an infant; John Temple, of Franckton in Warwickshire;
Sir Alexander Temple, of Longhouse in the parish of Chadwell,
in Essex ; William Temple, who married Jane, daughter of Sir
Thomas Beaumont, of Stoughton, Knight, and Peter Temple, who
espoused daughter of ... . Kendal.

Of the daughters, Millicent was wife of Edward Saunders, of
Biicksworth in Northamptonshire, Esq. ; Dorothy, of Paul Risley,
of Chetwood in Buckinghamshire, Esq. ; Catherine, of Sir Nicholas
Parker, of Willingdon in Sussex, Knight ; Susanna, of Sir Tho-
mas Denton, of Hillesden, in Bucks, Knight; Mary, of John
Farmer, of Cokeham, in Berkshire, and Elizabeth, of William
Lord Say and Sele.

Sir Thomas Temple, the eldest son, succeeded his father at
Stow, and had the greatest part of the estate. He was knighted
by King James I. in June 1603, at Sir John Fortescue's in Buck-
inghamshire; and at the institution of the order of Baronets, on
May 22d, l6ll, was advanced to that dignity. He wedded
Esther, daughter of Miles Sandys, of Latimers in Buckinghamshire,
Esq. ; and by her was father of four sons, and nine daughters,
who lived to be married, and so exceedingly multiplied, that his
Lady, who survived him, saw seven hundred descended from her.
This is affirmed by Dr. Thomas Fuller, in his Worthies of
England, who relates, that he bought the truth thereof by a wager
lost on the subject. This Esther Lady Temple (of whom there is
an original picture at Stow) far surpassed Mrs. Honeywood of
Marks Hall in Essex (mentioned by Dr. Derham, and by Mr.
Hearn, in his preface to the fifth vol. of Leland's Itinerary) who
c Dugdale's Warwickshire

412 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

lived to see three hundred and sixty-seven descendants of her own
body, for Lady Temple saw many more, the last of whom, viz.
the daughter of Sir Henry Gibbs, of Hunnington in Warwick-
shire, died in December, 1/37, in extreme old age.

Sir Thomas's four d sons were, first, Sir Peter Temple, Knight,
and Baronet, his successor; second, Sir John Temple, Knight,
who married Dorothy, daughter and coheir of Edmund Lee, of
Stanton Barry in Bucks, Esq. and had several sons and daughters ;
third, Thomas Temple, LL D. who married, and had issue ; and,
fourth, Miles Temple, who also married, and had issue. His
nine daughters were, first, Susan, married to Sir Edward Clark,
of Ardington in Berkshire, Knight ; second, Hesther, to Sir John
_Rous, of Rous-Lench in com. Wigorn. Knight ; third, Bridget, to
Sir John Lenthall, of Creslow, in com. Oxon. Knight j fourth,
Martha, to Sir Thomas Peniston, of Leigh in Sussex, Bart : she
died January 14th,, 1619, and is buried at Stow 5 fifth, Elizabeth,
to Sir Henry Gibbs, of Hunnington in -Warwickshire; sixth,
Catherine, to Sir William Ashcomb, of Alvescot in Oxfordshire,
Knight j seventh, Anne, to Sir William Andrews, of Lathbury in
Buckinghamshire ; eighth, Margaret, to Sir Edward Longville, of
Billing in Northamptonshire, Knight j and, ninth, Millicent, to
.... Ogle, Esq.

Sir Peter Temple, the eldest son and successor of Sir Thomas,
served for the town of Buckingham in the two last parliaments of
Charles I. and married two wives, first, Anne, daughter and co-
heir of Sir Arthur Throgmorton, of Paulerspury in Northampton-
shire, Knight j and, secondly, Christian, sister and coheir e of Sir
Richard Leveson, of Trentham in Staffordshire, Knight of the
Bath, and daughter of Sir John Leveson, Knight, eldest son of
Sir John Leveson, Knight, by Frances, daughter and sole heir of
Sir Thomas Sondes of Throwley in Kent, elder brother of Sir
Michael Sondes. By the first of these ladies (who was buried at
Stow, January 23d, 1619,) he had two daughters, viz, Anne,
married to Thomas Roper, Viscount Baltinglass, and Martha, to
Weston Ridgeway, Earl of Londonderry, of the kingdom of Ire-
land : and, by the latter, (who was buried at Stow, April 3d,
1655) he had Sir Richard Temple, his successor, and two daughters,

* The present Baronet, Sir Grenville Temple, son of Sir John Temple,
late Consul General to America, (for whom see Almoris Biogr. Artec.) is, I pre-
sume, descended from one of these younger sons

e Her sister Frances married Sir Thomas Gower, Bart, ancestor to the
Marquis of Stafford.

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 413

Frances, and Hesther. Sir Peter died in 1653, and was buried at
Stow.

The said Sir Richard Temple, who was born on March 28th,
1634, served in the restoration Parliament for the town of Buck-
ingham, of which, and the county thereof, he was constituted
Lord Lieutenant on November 15th, 1660. On April 19th, l66l,
he was one of the sixty-eight persons of distinction created Knights
of the Bath to attend King Charles II. at his coronation on the
23d of that month. This Sir Richard, who differed considerably
in politics from his cousin Sir William, was returned member for
the town of Buckingham to all the parliaments of Charles II.
James II. and William III. He was a leading member in the
house of commons during the reign of Charles II. and distinguished
himself in the prosecution of the Popish plot, and in promoting
the bill for excluding James Duke of York from succeeding to
the crown ; as he also did in the convention, 1 688-9, by voting
for the vacancy of the throne, and filling it with the Prince and
Princess of Orange. On March 30th, 16/2, he was appointed
first commissioner of the customs, as he was also on January 8th,
1675, likewise on November 9th, 1677- On the accession of
James II. Sir Richard was left out of the commission j but on
April 20th, 1689, he was replaced, and continued in that post till
August 14th, 1694, when an act of parliament, which disabled
all who had- offices in the customs, &c. from sitting in the house
of commons, took place ; and he preferred hisseat in St. Stephen's
Chapel to that at the board of Customs. He married Mary,

daughter of Knap, of Weston in Oxfordshire, Esq. and

heir to her brother : and by her had four sons, Richard, Purbeck,
buried at Stow, March 5th, 1698 ; Henry, and Arthur, buried at
Stow, February 4th, 1701 ; who all died without issue, except the
eldest, afterwards Sir Richard and Lord Viscount Cobham. He
was also, by the said Lady, father of six daughters, whereof two
died young ; Maria f was espoused, first, to Dr West, pre-
bendary of Winchester, by whom she was mother of Gilbert West
the poet, and of admiral West ; and, secondly, to Sir John Lang-
ham, of Cottesbrokein Northamptonshire, Bart, j Hesther, second
daughter, was married to Richard Grenville, before and after
mentioned ; Christian was wedded to Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Bart,
and by him mother of George Lord Lyttelton ; and Penelope
was the wife of Moses Berenger, of the city of London, Esq.

1 It has never been explained why the issue of Mrs West, was post-
poned to those of Mrs Grenville and Lady Lyttelton.

414 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Their father, Sir Richard, was buried at Stow, May 15th, 1697,
as was his widow, on January 25th, 1726.

Sir Richard Temple, the eldest son, was on the death of his
father, elected, in his room, one of the members for the town of
Buckingham \ of which town, and the county thereof, he was con-
stituted lieutenant, on April 12th, 1703 : and, whilst a commoner,
he was elected to parliament either for that town, or the county
of Bucks. In the first year of Queen Anne, he was appointed
colonel of a regiment of foot; and distinguished himself at the
sieges of Venlo and Ruremond, acting there as a volunteer. He
afterwards served with his regiment, both in Flanders and Ger-
many 5 and on June 1st, 1706, was declared a brigadier general.
Having borne a considerable part of the service at the siege of
Lisle, in 17O8, he was sent express, by the Duke of Marlborough,
to the Queen, with an account of the surrender of that fortress ;
and on January 1st, 17O8-9, he was promoted to the rank of major
general ; from which he was, on that day twelvemonth, further
advanced to that of lieutenant general. In 1710, he got the com-
mand of the fourth regiment of dragoons; but was not in the list
of general officers nominated to serve under the Duke of Ormond
in Flanders, and his regiment was given to General Evans in 1713.
On the accession of George I. he was, on October 19th, 1714,
created Baron of Colham e in Kent j and five days after declared
envoy extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Emperor, Charles VI.
His Lordship, on June 13th, 17^5, was made colonel of the first re-
giment of dragoons, and next year constituted constable of Windsor
Castle. On May 23d, 17I8, he was created Viscount Cojjham
and Baron Colham, with remainder to the heirs of his body, and,
in default thereof, the dignities of Viscountess Colham, and Baro-
ness Colham, to his sister Esther Grenville, and the dignities of
Viscount Colham, and Baron Colham, to the heirs male of her
lody lawfully legotten j and, failing which with the like remainder
to his sister dame Christian Lyttelton. In the year 1721, his
Lordship was appointed colonel of the first regiment of dragoon
guards j and in February, 1 727-8, he was nominated Lord Lieu-
tenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Bucks. He was
likewise one of his Majesty's privy- council, and governor of the
isle of Jersey : but resigned all his places in 1733. f However, in

e Being descended by his grandmother Christian, daughter of Sir Richard
Leveson, from Margaret, Lady Sondes, who was sister of Henry Brooke, Lord
Cobham.

f Coxe says, that he and the Duke of Bolton were removed from their re-
giments, 1734, f°r opposing the Excise Bill. Coxe's Sir Ji. Walfole, vol. i.
p 406, 409

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 415

1742, being then field marshal, and lieutenant-general of the ord-
nance, he was appointed colonel of the first troop of grenadier
guards 3 and, in 1744, got the command of the sixth regiment of
horse. On May, 1745, his Lordship was nominated one of the
regents during his Majesty's absence beyond seas ; and was,
moreover, declared colonel of the tenth regiment of dragoons.
He departed this life at Stow, September 13th, 1749,8 without
any issue by his wife, Anne, who was only daughter of Edmund
Halsey, of the borough of South wark, Esq. and survived his Lord-
ship until March 29th, 176O.

Upon his Lordship's decease, the said dignities of Viscountess
Cobham, and Baroness Cohham, devolved on his said sister Hest-
her, widow and relict of the before-mentioned Richard Grenville,
of Wotton, Esq. And his Majesty was pleased to grant to her
Ladyship the dignity of a Countess of the kingdom of Great
Britain, by the name, style, and title of Countess Temple ; and
the dignity of Earl Temple to her heirs male, by letters patent,
bearing date October 18th, 174$, 23 George II.

Her Ladyship, who died on October 6th, 1752, had issue
seven sons and one daughter.

The Right Honourable George Grenville, Esq. second son,
born on October 14th, 1712, served for the town of Buckingham,
from 1741, to the time of his death. He was constituted, on De-
cember 25th, 1744, one of the lords commissioners for executing
the office of high admiral of the kingdoms of Great Britain and
Ireland, &c. and one of the lords commissioners of the treasury,
June 23d, 1747; also treasurer of the navy, April 6th, 1754,
and was sworn of his Majesty's privy-council : he was removed
from his post of treasurer of the navy in November 1755, was re-
stored thereto in December 1756, removed a second time, April
6th, 1757^ and again appointed June 27th following. On the
accession of his present Majesty he was continued in that office,
until he was made secretary of state on May 28th, 1762. Having
resigned the place of secretary of state, he was, on October 6th,
1762, invested with that of first lord of the admiralty 3 which he
quitted, on being appointed first lord of the treasury, and Chan-
cellor and under treasurer of the Exchequer, April 16th, 1763 ;
which he resigned on July 10th, 1765. " On the resignation of
Lord Bute," says Bisset, " George Grenville became prime mi-

8 His Lordship is best known at present as the friend and patron of Pope,
in whose poems his memory is embalmed.

416 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

nister; Lords Egremont and Halifax continued secretaries of state j
and the Earl of Sandwich was appointed first lord of the admiralty
in the room of Mr. Grenville. As the present ministers were all
intimately connected with Lord Bute, it was believed that his in-
fluence continued to predominate, and that his maxims were still
adopted. Party rage increased in virulence, and the press teemed
with invective. He was a man of sound understanding, with a
resolute heart, and fair and unimpeached integrity 3 had been
during the greater part of his public life, the friend and partisan
of his brother-in-law, Mr. Pitt, and though deserving of respect
and influence on his own account, had been indebted for actual
consideration to his connection with that illustrious character. His
personal importance was by no means sufficient to give strength
and stability to a political party, especially to an administration
having such formidable opponents." He was also an elder brother
of the Trinity House, and departed this life on November 13th,
1770.

Character of George Grenville, ly Burke.

" The first glimmerings of the new colony system appeared
more distinctly, when it was devolved upon a person, to whom on
other accounts this country owes very great obligations. I do
believe that he had a very serious desire to benefit the public.
But with no small study of the detail, he did not seem to have
his view, at least equally, carried to the total circuit of our affairs.
He generally considered his objects in lights that were rather too
detached. Whether the business of an American revenue was
imposed upon him altogether ; whether it was entirely the result
of his own speculation ; or what is more probable, that his own
ideas rather coincided with the instructions he had received ;
certain it is that with the best intentions in the world, he first
brought this fatal scheme into form, and established it by act of
parliament.

" No man can believe that at this time of day I mean to lean
on the venerable memory of a great man, whose loss we deplore
in common. Our little party differences have been long ago
composed ; and I have anted more with him, than ever I acted
against him. Undoubtedly Mr. Grenville was a first-rate figure
in this country With a masculine understanding, and a stout
and resolute heart, he had an application undissipated and un-
wearied. He took public business not as a duty he was to fulfil,
but as a pleasure he was to enjoy ; and he seemed to have no dc-

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 417

light out of this house, except in such things as some way related
to the business that was to be done within it. If he was ambitious,
I will say this for him, his ambition was of a noble and generous
strain. It was to raise himself, not by the low pimping politics of
a court, but to win his way to power, through the laborious gra-
dations of public service ; and to secure himself a well-earned
rank in parliament, by a thorough knowledge of its constitution,
and a perfect practice in all its business.

*' Sir, if such a man fell into errors, it must be from defects
not intrinsical ; they must be rather sought in the particular habits
of his life j which, though they do not alter the ground-work of
character, yet tinge it with their own hue. He was bred in a
profession. He was bred to the law, which is, in my opinion, one
of the first and noblest of human sciences j a science, which does
more to quicken and invigorate the understanding, than all the
other kinds of learning put together j but it is not apt, except in
persons very happily born, to open and to liberalize the mind ex-
actly in the same proportion. Passing from that study he did not
go very largely into the world j but plunged into business \ I mean
into the business of office -, and the limited and fixed methods and
forms established there. Much knowledge is to be had undoubt-
edly in that line j and there is no knowledge which is not valuable.
But it may be truly said, that men too much conversant in office,
are rarely minds of remarkable enlargement. Their habits of
office are apt to give them a turn to think the substance of busi-
ness not to be much more important th.in the forms in which it
is conducted. These forms are adapted to ordinary occasions 5
and therefore persons who arc nurtured in office do admirably
well, as long as things go on in their common order; but when
the high roads are broken up, and the waters out, when a new
and troubled scene is opened, and the file affords no precedent,
then it is that a greater knowledge of mankind, and a far more
extensive comprehension of things is requisite than ever office
gave, or than office can ever give. Mr. Grenville thought better of
the wisdom and power of human legislation than in truth it de-
serves. He conceived, and many conceived along with him, that
the flourishing trade of this country was greatly owing to law and
institution, and not quite so much to liberty ; for but too many
are apt to believe regulation to be commerce, and taxes to be re-
venue. Among regulations, that whicn stood first in reputation
was his idol. I mean the Act of Navigation. He has often pro-
fessed it to be so. The policy of that act is, I readily admit, in

vol. 11. a £

418 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

many respects well understood. But I do say, that if the act be
suffered to run the full length of its principle, and is not changed
and modified according to the change of times and the fluctua-
tion of circumstances, it must do great mischief, and frequently
even defeat its own purpose."11

In 1749, he married Elizabeth, sister to Charles Earl of Egre-
mont, and daughter of Sir William Wyndham, Bart, by his wife
the Lady Catharine, daughter of Charles Duke of Somerset -} by
which Lady, who died at Wotton, December 5th, 1769, he had
issue, Maria Hesther, who died on December 16, 1^51 5 Richard
Percy Grenville, born on March 12th, 1752, who died young :
George Grenville, present Marquis of Buckingham ; Thomas
Grenville, born December 31st, 1755, who was formerly an ensign
in the foot guards ; and on his brother becoming Earl Temple,
was elected member of parliament for Buckinghamshire 1 779>
and again 1780. In 1790, he was elected member of parlia-
ment for Aldborough in Suffolkj and in 1796, 1802, 1800, and
1807, for the town of Buckingham. In 1804, he was appointed
surveyor of the woods and forests, South of Trent j and in 1806,
president of the board for India affairs ; and in the same, year
first lord of the Admiralty, which he held till the following
spring. William Wyndham Grenville, born 175Q, now Lord
Grenville, for whom see that article. Charlotte, born on Sep-
tember 14th, 1754, married, December 21st, 1771* to tne ^ate Sir
Watkin Williams Wynne, Bart, by whom she had the present
Baronet, &c. 5 Elizabeth, born on October 24th, 1 J5g j married
1787, John Joshua, now Earl of Carysfort j Hesther, born 1760,
married, 1782, the present Earl Fortescue : and Catharine, born
1761, married at Stowe, June 178O, to Richard Aldworth Neville,
of Billingbeer, in Berks, Esq. now Lord Braybrook.

Henry, third son, born on April 4th, 1714, was buried at
Wotton, on May 6th, 1716.

The Right Honourable James Grenville, Esq. fourth son, born
on February 12th, 1715, father of Lord Glastonbury, for whom
see that title.

The Honourable Henry Grenville, Esq. a twin (whose brother
died soon after he was born) baptised September 15th, 1717. He
was constituted governor of Barbadoes in September, 1746 : where
he behaved with that honour, integrity, candour, and politeness,
as rendered him the most beloved governor that ever presided
over them ; and, when his ill health there obliged him to leave

h Burke's Speech on American Taxation, 1774. Works, vol. ii. p. 389

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 419

that island, they expressed their sorrow in the most endearing
terms at his departure in 1753; and their legislature voted, that
his statue should be erected at the public expense. He resigned
the government of Barbadoes in 1?56. He was chosen member
for Bishop's Castle, upon a vacancy in February 1759; and re-
turned for Thirsk at the general election in 1761 ; in which year
he was, on May 2d, nominated ambassador to the court of the
grand Signior, of whom his excellency had his ceremonial audi-
ence, on May llth, next year at Constantinople. In 1/65, he
was appointed one of the commissioners of the customs, which he
resigned in August 176ft. He died April 22d, 1784.

He married, on October llth, 1757> Margaret, sister of John
Hodgkinson Banks, Esq. and by her had a daughter Louisa, born
on August 10th, 1/58, married, March 10th, 1781, by special
licence at her father's house, in Savile-row, to Charles Lord Vis-
count Mahon, now Earl Stanhope, being his second wife.

Thomas, the seventh son, was born on April 4th, 1719, and
on a vacancy, in December 1746, was elected member of parlia-
ment for Bridport. Being brought up in the sea service, he
passed through the inferior ranks to that of a captain ; in which
station, while he commanded his Majesty's ship the Romney, he
took a very rich Spanish prize ; but lost his life, greatly lamented,
in the memorable defeat of the French fleet, on May 3d, 1747 ;
and his corpse was buried at Wotton. i

Lady Hesther Grenville, the daughter, was married, on No-
vember 6th, 1754, to the Right Honourable William Pitt, Esq.
afterwards created Earl of Chatham. She was created Baroness
Chatham ; and died April 3d, 1803.

Richard, Earl Temple, the eldest son, was born on Sep-
tember 26th, 1711j and had an education suitable to his birth
and fortune. At the general election, in 1734, he was returned
for the town of Buckingham ; and in the succeeding parliaments
he sat as one of the Knights for the county of Buckingham;
after which, until he succeeded to the peerage, on October 6th,
1752, he served for the said town of Buckingham, of which he
was elected high steward on the decease of his uncle, Richard
Lord Viscount Cobham. On November 20th, 1756, his Lordship
was appointed first commissioner of the admiralty, but resigned
that office in April 1/57- On June 30th, 1757* he was declared
keeper of the privy-seal, and admitted into the privy council. On

i See an epitaph on him in the poems of George Lord Lyttelton.

420 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

December 22d, 1758, his Lordship took the oaths on being con-
stituted Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rptulorura of the county of
Buckingham. On February 4th, 1760, his Lordship being first
knighted, was chosen a Knight companion of the most noble
order of the Garter, at a chapter held in the council-chamber of
St. James's j and installed, at Windsor, on May 6th following.
At the accession of the present King, his Lordship was continued
in his places, and as a privy counsellor : but resigned the privy-
seal on October 9th, l/6l, and on May 9th, 1763, the Right
Honourable Francis Lord Le Despenser was declared Lord Lieu-
tenant and Custos Rotulorum of Buckinghamshire, in his Lord-
ship's room. He made a conspicuous figure as a statesman and
leader of a party at the early part of the present reign, particularly
during Wilkes's popularity. Almon says, that the opposition to
Lord Bute was considerably animated by his spirit and zeal.k

His Lordship, on May 9th, 1 737, married Anne, l one of the
daughters and coheirs m of Thomas Chambers, of Hanworth in
Middlesex, Esq. by Lady Mary his wife, eldest daughter of Charles
Earl of Berkeley: but, by her Ladyship, who died April 7th,
1777, he had only a daughter Elizabeth, who was born on Sep-
tember 1st, 1738, and died on July 14th, 1742. His Lordship
died September 11th, I779>at Stowe.

He was succeeded as Earl Templk by his nephew George
Grenville Nugent Temple, now Marquis of Buckingham, who
was born June 17th, 1753, and in 1774, was elected M. P. for the
county of Buckingham. In 1779* he succeeded his uncle as
Earl Temple. In 1782, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of
Ireland -, and in December 1783, on the accession of Mr. Pitt to
the premiership, secretary of state, which he resigned in a few
days. On November 30th, 1784, he was created Marquis of
Buckingham. And in 1787, he was appointed a second time
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, which he resigned in 1789. He is
also one of the Tellers of the Exchequer, a place of immense profit
held prior to the regulations of the late act.

His Lordship married, April 16th, 1775, Mary, eldest daughter
and heir to Robert Earl Nugent, of the kingdom of Ireland (to
whose Earldom he succeeded on the death of that Nobleman in
1788, in consequence of a limitation in the patent.) By this

k See Memoir of him in Almon's Biogr. Anecdotes, vol. ii. p. 3.
1 This Lady was a woman of genius i a small volume of her poems was
printed at Strawberry Hill. See Park's R. and N. A.

m The other coheir married Aubrey Beauclerk Lord Vere

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 421

Lady, (who was created an Irish Peeress in 1800, by the title of
Baroness Nugent, with remainder to her second son Lord George)
he has issue

First, Richard Earl Temple, born March l6th, 1776, who
married, April l6th, 1796, Lady Anne Elizabeth Brydges,
daughter and sole heir of James Brydges, third and last Duke of
Chandos, (who died in September 1789) by whom he has Richard
Plantagenet, Viscount Cobham, born February 11th, 1 797, &c.
His Lordship was elected as soon as he came of age in 1797 > and
to every succeeding parliament, representative for the county of
Buckingham, and has held several lucrative and important office*
in the state. In 1800, he was appointed a commissioner for the
affairs of India, which he resigned the next year; and in 1806,
joint paymaster of the forces ; from which he was removed on the
accession of the new ministry in Spring I8O7.

Second, Lord George Grenville Nugent Temple, born De-
cember 30th, 1788.

Third, Lady Mary, born July 8th, 1787.

Titles. George Grenville Nugent Temple, Marquis of Buck-
ingham, Earl Temple, Viscount Cobham, and Baron Cobham.

Creations. Baron Cobham and Viscount Cobham, May 23d,
171 8, 4 George I. Earl Temple, October 18th, 1749, 23 Geo. IL
and Marquis of Buckingham, November 30th, 1784.

Arms. Vert, on a cross, Argent, five torteaux, for Grenville.

Crest. On a wreath a garb, Vert.

Supporters. On the dexter, a lion, party per Fess, embattled,
Or, and Gules 5 on the sinister, a horse, Argent, powdered with
eaglets, Sable.

Motto. Templa quam dilecta.
Chief Seats. At Stowe, in Buckinghamshire 5 and Gosfield
Hall, Essex,

422

PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

PETTY, MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE.

John Petty, first Lord Wycombe, Earl of Shelburne, &c. was
second surviving son of Thomas Fitz Maurice, Earl of Kerry in
the kingdom of Ireland, by Anne, his wife, only daughter of the
renowned Sir William Petty, Knight, and sister to Henry Petty,
Earl of Shelburne : but before we proceed with his Lordship's
paternal ancestors, we shall give an account of his mother's
family, as his Lordship inherited their estate, and took their sur-
name.

The said Henry, Earl of Shelburne, was descended from An-
thony Petty, of Rumsey in the county of Southampton, clothier,
who was father of the before-mentioned Sir William Petty, An-
thony Petty, and a daughter, , besides other children. The

daughter was married to James Napier, Esq. fourth son of Sir
Nathaniel Napier, of Middle Mershall in Dorsetshire, Bart, who
derived his origin from Lord Napier's family in Scotland, a cadet
from the ancient Earls of Lennox in that kingdom (their armo-
rial bearings being the same, viz. Argent, a Saltire, engrailed,
letween four roses, Gules) and whose ancestor acquired the sur-
name of Napier by his matchless bravery in battle. From the
said James Napier, Esq. descended, by this marriage, Nathaniel
Napier, of Loughrew in the county of Meath, Esq. lieutenant
general Robert Napier, and others of that name, in Ireland.

Sir William Petty, aforesaid, was born at Rumsey, on May
26th, 1623, and discovered such an early genius for mechanics,
and so well understood the business of some artificers, viz. smiths,
carpenters, &c. that he could, at twelve years of age, work at
their several employments. He learned grammar at the place of

MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. 423

his nativity, whence he went to the University of Oxford ,- and,
when he attained the fifteenth year of his age, was master of the
Latin, Greek, and French languages, the whole system of com-
mon arithmetic, and those parts of practical geometry and astro-
nomy that tended to the knowledge of navigation, dialling, &c.
Thus qualified, he served on board the royal navy, where, at the
age of twenty years, he had made about 60l. with which he went
to the Low Countries and France, in 1643, when the parliamen-
tary rebellion raged against King Charles I. and studied, with
great application, anatomy, medicine, &c. at Utrecht, Leyden,
Amsterdam, Paris, &c. Whilst abroad, he read Velasius with
the famous Mr. Thomas Hobbes, of Malmesbury, who delighted
in his company, and testified an eagerness to encourage his pregnant
genius. He returned to Rumsey, in 1647, in company with his
brother Anthony, whom he had educated j and by that time had
increased his stock to about /O /. after defraying his own and his
said brother's expenses abroad. On March 6th, 164/-8, the par-
liament ordered him a patent, to be in force for seventeen years,
for teaching his method of double writing. He concurred with
the people then in power $ and practised physic at Oxford, where
he also instructed the young students in anatomy and chemistry.
He became deputy-professor of anatomy in that University; and
on March 7th, 1649-50, was admitted to the degree of doctor of
physic, at the recommendation of lieutenant colonel Kelsey, de-
puty governor of the garrison in that city, as well as of other
persons, who all gave to the delegates of the University ample
testimony of his rare qualities and extraordinary gifts. About the
same time, he was likewise elected Fellow of Brazen Nose Col-
lege j and in December, 1650, he acquired no small reputation
for being the chief person in the recovery of Anne Green, who
had been hanged at Oxford, on the 14th of that month, for child-
murder, and ordered for dissection j but Sir William, observed
that she had symptoms of life, which he humanely cherished, and
not only prevented her from being bung up a second time, but
procured a pardon for her, and she lived many years after that. In
January following, he was unanimously chosen professor of ana-
tomy in the University of Oxford ; and being a favourite among
the virtuosi, was soon afterwards received a member of the Royal
College of Physicians in London, and appointed lecturer on music
in Gresham College there.

His capital was reduced to 28/. at his admission into the Col-
lege of Physicians j but with his income as Fellow of Brazen

424 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Nose College, and professor of anatomy, in Oxford, and as lecturer
in Gresham College, together with his practice as doctor, he raised
it to about 400/. with which, and 100/. advanced by the com-
monwealth, he set out in August, 1652, as physician-general to
the army in Ireland, and to its commander, lieutenant-general
Edmund Ludlow, as well as the head quarters ; having an allow*
ance of 20^. a day, which he enjoyed, with his office, till June,
1659 In that quality he landed, on September 10th, at Water-
ford, and proceeded thence to Dublin, where he met with great
success as doctor amongst people of the first rank. He was made
clerk of the council there, and constituted secretary to Oliver
Cromwell, who was then styled Lord Lieutenant} for the dis-
charge of which two offices he was allowed 400/. a year. In
December, 1654, he engaged in the survey of Ireland: and
finished it with such exactness, that there was not an estate, even
of 60/. a year, but what was distinctly marked in its true value :
and the whole performance was illustrated with accurate maps.
Among other advantages attending the said survey, he had, by
agreement with the soldiers, a penny an acre ; and it appears, by
an order of government, dated at the Castle of Dublin, March
19th, 1655-6, that he had then surveyed two millions and eight
thousand acres of forfeited profitable land (part of which he sub-
divided among the late disbanded troops) besides the church and
crown lands 5 which, according to the rates in the contract, when
the army should be put in possession of the whole, amounted to
the sum of 17,900/. of which he had received 7,500/. and, from
the army, 2,186/. 2s. besides the money that was to be deducted
from the advance of former surveys. By the aforesaid order, he
received 3,000/. more, in consideration of his being in want of
money to pay several persons employed under him in the survey:
but part of his contract remained in arrear till after King Charles's
restoration, when full payment was provided for him by act of
parliament.

By his employment in the survey (which was unquestionably
of public utility) it was said, that he acquired an estate of 5 or
6,000/. a year, and that he could, from Mount Mangerton in
Kerry, behold 50,000 acres of his own land : and that large acqui-
sition having brought an odium upon him, he shews the unrea-
sonableness thereof (in his book of Reflections upon some Persons
and Things in Ireland) and demonstrates how he might, without
ever meddling with surveys, have acquired as large a fortune. * In
the year 1649," (says he) « I proceeded M. D. after the charges

MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. 425

whereof, and my admission into the College of London, I had
left about 60/. From that time till about August, 1652, by my
practice, fellowship at Gresham, and at Brazen-Nose-College,
and by ray anatomy lecture at Oxford, I had made that 6ol. to be
near 500/. From August l6th, 1652, when I went for Ireland,
to December, 1654, (when I began the Survey and other public
Entanglements) with 100/. advance money, and of 365/. a year
well paid salary, as also with my practice among the chief in the
chief city of the nation, I made my said 500/. above 1,(500/.
Now the interest of this 1,600 /. for a year in Ireland, could not
be less than 200/. which, with 550/. (for another year's salary
and practice, viz. until the lands were set out in October, 1655)
would have increased my said stock to 2,350/. With 2,000/.
whereof I would have bought 8,000/. in debentures, which would
then have purchased me about 15,000 acres of land, viz. as much
as I am now accused to have. These 15,000 acres could not
yield me less than, at 2s. per acre, 1,500/. per aim. especially re-
ceiving the rents of May-day preceding. This year's rent with
550/. for my salary and practice, &c. till December, 1656, would
have brought me even then (debentures growing dearer) 6,000/.
in debentures, whereof the five sevenths then paid would have
been about 4,000/. neat, for which I must have had about 8,C00
acres more, being as much almost as I conceive is due to me.
The rent for 15,000 acres and 8,000 acres, for three years, could
not have been less than 7,000/. which, with the same three ;ears
salary, viz. 1,650/. would have been near 9,000/. estate in irrnry,
above the above-mentioned 1,500/ per ann. in lands. The which,
whether it be more or less than what I now have, I Igave to all
the world to examine and judge. This estate I might have got
without ever meddling with surveys, much less with the more
fatal distribution of lands after they were surveyed, and without
meddling with the clerkship of the council, or being secretary to
the Lord Lieutenant : all which had I been so happy as to have
declined, then had I preserved an universal favour and interest
with all men, instead of the odium and persecution I now er.dure."
Thus, with strength of argument, does this great man set forth
his case, in answer to the aspersions thrown out against him : and
how he acquired his great fortune, will further appear from his
last will, hereafter narrated at large.

He sat for the borough of Westlow in Cornwall, in Richard
Cromwell's first and only parliament, which met at Westminster
on January 27th, 1658-9, and made a considerable figure therein,

426 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

till it was dissolved, on April 22d, 165Q, at the instigation of the
military officers, who threatened to set fire to the house, and kill
all who should resist. Richard Cromwell being deposed next
month by the Rump parliament, which had imbrued their hand9
in the blood of their lawful sovereign, King Charles I. and were
then re-established by military power, Sir William returned to
Ireland, and remained there till the restoration of King Charles
II. upon which he went back to England, and being introduced
to the King, his Majesty was much pleased with his ingenious
discourse.

The Royal Society being instituted about that time, he was
one of the first members, and afterwards one of the council
thereof, when incorporated in 1063, being esteemed the person
most capable to advance experimental philosophy and mechanics.

On March 19th, 1660-61, he was nominated one of the com-
missioners of the court of claims relating to the Irish estates : and
King Charles, in his instructions for the execution of the act of
settlement, ordered lands to be assigned him for his outstanding
debentures, according to the directions in his Majesty's letter of
January 2d, 1660-61, that all the forfeited lands, which had been
set out to him, and of which he had been possessed on May 7th,
1659, should be confirmed to him for ever; which was accord-
ingly done by the said act, and in virtue thereof he had seven
grants of lands by his letters patent, and his lady two.

On April 11th, 1661, he received the honour of knighthood
from his Majesty j and was returned one of the burgesses for
Eniscorthy, in the county of Wexford, to the parliament which
convened at Dublin, on May 9th, that year.

Sir William Petty raised his reputation to a great height, A. D.
1663, by the success his invention of the double- bottomed ship
had, contrary to the expectation of almost all mankind; for in
July, when first that ship sailed from Dublin to Holyhead, and
having staid there many days, during which her enemies, abso-
lutely concluding that she was lost, were assigning various reasons
for her supposed disaster, she shewed, at her return, that she
could not only keep the sea (which the maligners of her contri-
vance had declared her altogether incapable of) but that her form
and structure was superior to that of other vessels with respect to
sailing, carriage, and security. She turned into the narrow har-
bour against wind and tide, among the rocks and ships, with such
dexterity, that the oldest seamen acknowledged they had never
seen the like : but at length, returning from a voyage, was de-

MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. . 42;

stroyed by a terrible tempest, which overwhelmed, that same
night, a fleet of seventy vessels without sparing one of the number ;
so that the advocates for the common fabric of ships had no reason
to triumph over that new contrivance. Sir William made a
model of this vessel, with his own hands, which he presented to
Gresham College, where it is still preserved in the repository.

Dr. John Stearne, with this Sir William Petty, and other emi-
nent physicians, were, by patent dated August 8th, 166;, created
a body politic, by the name of the President and Fellows of the
College of Physicians : and he is allowed to have been a great re-
former and improver of the practice of physic in Ireland.

Sir William Petty was a singular promoter of experimental
philosophy j an admirable inventor of mechanic instruments ; and
his treatise of Political Arithmetic shews the extensiveness of his
capacity, and will be of lasting service to posterity. He was qua-
lified, by his natural and acquired talents, to be an useful member
of society, and to add lustre to the highest preferments.

The will of this great man is of such a curious nature, that it
would be a great injustice not to insert a copy of it for the satis-
faction of our readers. It bears date May 2d, 1 685, and runs
thus: " In the name of God, Arnen. I Sir William Petty, Knt.
born at Rumsey in Hantshire, do, revoking all other and former
wills, make this my last will and testament, premising the ensu-
ing preface to the same, whereby to express my condition, design,
intentions, and desires, concerning the persons and things con-
tained in and relating to my said will, for the better expounding
any thing, which may hereafter seem doubtful therein, and also
for justifying, on behalf of my children, the manner and means of
getting and acquiring the estate, which I hereby bequeath unto
them, exhorting them to improve the same by no worse negocia-
tions. In the first place I declare and affirm, that at the full age
of fifteen years I had obtained the Latin, Greek, and French,
tongues, the whole body of common arithmetic, the practical
geometry and astronomy conducing to navigation, dialling, &c.
with the knowledge of several mathematical trades, all which,
and having been at the University of Oxon, preferred me to the
King's navy j where at the age of twenty years I had gotten up
about threescore pounds, with as much mathematics as any of
my age was known to have had. With this provision, anno 1043,
when the civil wars between the King and parliament grew hot,
I went into the Netherlands and France for three years, and having
vigorously followed my studies, especially that of medicine, at

428 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Utrecht, Leyden, and Amsterdam, and Paris, I returned to
Rumsey, where I was born, bringing back with me my brother
Anthony, whom I had bred, with about 10/. more than I had
carried out of England. With this JO I. and my endeavours, in
less than four years more, I obtained my degree of M. D. in Ox-
ford, and forthwith thereupon to be admitted into the College of
Physicians, London, and into several clubs of the virtuous ; after
all which expense defrayed, I had left 28/. and in the next two
years being made fellow of Brazen Nose, and anatomy professor
in Oxford, and also reader at Gresham College, 1 advanced my
said stock to about 400/. and with 100/. more advanced and
given me to go for Ireland, unto full 500/. Upon the 10th of
September, 1652, I landed at Waterford in Ireland, physician to
the army, who had suppressed the rebellion begun in the year
1641, and to the general of the same, and the head quarters, at
the rate of 205. per diem, at which I continued till June, 1659,
gaining by my practice about 400/. a year above the said salary.
About September, 1054, I perceiving that the admeasurement of
the lands, forfeited by the aforementioned rebellion, and intended
to regulate the satisfaction of the soldiers, who had suppressed
the same, was most insufficiently and absurdly managed 5 I ob-
tained a contract, dated December 11th, lf354, for making the
said admeasurement, and by God's blessing, so performed the
same, as that I gained about 9,000/. thereby, which, with the
500/. above-mentioned, my salary of 20s. per diem, the benefit
of my practice, together with 600/. given me for directing an
after-survey of the adventurers lands, and 800/. more for two
years salary, as clerk of the council, raised me an estate of about
13,000/. in ready and real money, at a time, when, without art,
interest, or authority, men bought as much lands for 10s. in real
money, as in this year, 1685, yields 10s. per ann. rent, above his
Majesty's quit- rents. Now, I bestowed part of the said 13,000/. in
soldiers debentures, part in purchasing the Earl of Arundel's
house and garden in Lothbury, London, and part I kept in cash
to answer emergencies. Hereupon I purchased lands, in Ireland,
with soldiers debentures, ' bought at the above market rates, a
great part whereof I lost by the Court of Innocents, anno ]fjfj3 ;
and built the said garden, called Token-house-yard, in Lothbury,

1 These were, by act, 1649. ordained to be in the nature of bonds or bills,
to charge the commonwealth to pay the soldier-creditor, or his assigns, the
stim due upon auditing the account of his arrears

MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. 429

which was for the most part destroyed by the dreadful fire, anno
1666. Afterwards, anno 1667, I married Elizabeth, the relict of
Sir Maurice Fenton, Bart. I set up iron-works and pilchard-
fishing in Kerry, and opened the lead mines and timber trade in
Kerry j by all which, and some advantageous bargains, and with
living under my income, I have, at the making this my will, the
real and personal estate following j viz. a large house and four
tenements in Rumsey, with four acres of meadow upon the cause-
way, and four acres of arable in the fields, called Marks and
Woollsworths, in all about 30/. per ann. Houses in Token-
house-yard near Lothbury, London, with a lease in Piccadilly, and
the Seven Stars and the Blazing Star in Birch ing-lane, London,
worth about 500/. per ann. besides mortgages upon certain houses
in Hog-lane, near Shoreditch, in London, and in Eriih, in Kent,
worth about 20/. per ann. I have three-fourth parts of the ship
Charles, whereof Derych Paine is master, which I value at 80/.
per ann. as also the copper-plates for the maps of Ireland with the
King's privilege, which I rate at 100/. per ann. in all 730/. per
ann. I have in Ireland, without the county of Kerry, in lands,
remainders, and reversions, about 3,100/. per ann. I have of
neat profits, out of the lands and woods of Kerry, above 1,100/.
per ann. besides iron works, fishing, and lead mines, and marble
quarries, worth 600/. per ann. in all 4,800/. I have as my wife's
jointure, during her life, about 850/. per ann. and for fourteen
years after her death about 200/. per ann. I have, by 3,300/.
money at interest, 320/. per ann. in all about 6,700/. per ann.
The personal estate is as follows, viz. in chest, 6,600/. in the
hands of Adam Loftus, l,2p6/. of Mr. John Cogs, goldsmith, of
London, 1,251/. in silver, plate, and jewels, about 3,000/. in
furniture, goods, pictures, coach horses, books, and watches,
1,150/. per estimate, in all 12,000/. I value ray three chests of
original map and field books, the copies of the Downe survey,
with the Barony maps and chests of distribution books, with two
chests of loose papers relating to the survey, the two great Barony
books, and the book of the history of the survey, altogether at
2,000/. I have due out of Kerry, for arrears of my rent and iron,
before 24th of June, 1685, the sum of 1,Q12/. for the next half
year's rent out of my lands in Ireland, my wife's jointure, and
England, on or before 24th June next, 2,000/. Moreover, by
arrears due April 30th, lf)85, out of all my estate, by estimate,
and interest of money, 1,800/. By other good debts, due upon
bonds and bills at this time, per estimate, 900/. By debts, which

430 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

I call bad, 4,000/. worth perhaps 800/. By debts, which I call
doubtful, 50,000/. worth perhaps 25,000/. In all 34,412/. and
the total of the whole personal estate, 46,412/. so as my present
income for the year 1685 may be 6,700/. the profits of the per-
sonal estate may be 4,641/. and the demonstrable improvement of
my Irish estate may be 3,659/. Per ann- to make in all 15,000/.
per ann. in and by all manner of effects, abating for bad debts
about 28,000 /. whereupon I say in gross, that my real estate or
income maybe 6,600/. per ann. my personal estate about 45,000/.
my bad and desperate debts 30,000/. and the improvements may
be 4,000/. per ann. in all 15,000/. per ann. tit supra. Now my
opinion and desire is (if I could effect it, and if I were clear from
the law, custom, and other impediments) to add to my wife's
jointure three fourths of what it now is computed at, viz. 637 /.
per ann. to make the whole 1,487/. per ann. which addition of
637/. and 850/. being deducted out of the afore-mentioned 6,600/.
leaves 5,1 13/. for my two sons; whereof I would my eldest son
should have two-thirds, or 3,408/. and the younger 1,705/. and
that, after their mother's death, the aforesaid addition of 637/.
should be added in like proportion, making for the eldest 3,832/.
and for the youngest 1,916/. and I would that the improvement
of the estate should be equally divided between my two sons ;
and that the personal estate (taking out 10,000/. for my only
daughter) that the rest should be equally divided between my wife
and three children; by which method my wife would have 1,587/.
per ann. and 9,000. in personal effects j my daughter would have
10,000/. of the Crame, and 9,000/. more with less certainty ; my
eldest son would have 3,800/. per ann. and half the expected im-
provement, with 9,000/. in hopeful effects, over and above his
wife's portion; and my youngest son would have the same within
1,900/. per ann. I would advise my wife, in this case, to spend
her whole 1,587/. per ann. that is to say, on her own entertain-
ment, charity, and munificence, without care of increasing her
childrens fortunes; and I would she would give away one third of
the above mentioned 9,000/. at her death, even from her children,
upon any worthy object, and dispose of the other two thirds to
such of her children and grandchildren as pleased her best, with-
out regard to any other rule or proportion. In case of either of
my three children's death under age, I advise as follows, viz. if
my eldest, Charles, die without issue, I would that Henry should
have three-fourths of what he leaves, and my daughter Anne the
rest. If Henry die, I would that what he leaves may be equally

MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. 431

divided between Charles and Anne ; and if Anne die, that her
share beequally divided between Charles and Henry. Memorandum,
That I think fit to rate the 30,000/. desperate debts at 1 ,000/.
only, and to give it my daughter, to make her above-mentioned
10,000/. and 9,000/. to be full 20,000/. which is much short of
what I have given her younger brother, and the elder brother may
have 3,800/. per ann. 9,000/. in money, worth 900/. more, 2,000/.
by improvements, and 1,300/. by marriage, to makeup the whole
to 8,000/. per ann, which is very well for the eldest son, as
20,000/. for the daughter." He then leaves his wife executrix
and guardian during her widowhood, and, in case of her marriage,
her brother James Waller, and Thomas Dance; recommending
to them two, and his children, to use the same servants and in-
struments for management of the estate, as were in his lifetime,
at certain salaries to continue during their lives, or until his
youngest child should be twenty-one years, which would be the
22d of October, 1696, after which his children might put the
management of their respective concerns into what hands they
pleased. He then proceeds : " I would not have my funeral
charge to exceed 300/. over and above which sum I allow and
give 150/. to set up a monument in the church of Rumsey, near
where my grandfather, father, and mother, were buried, in me-
mory of them, and of all my brothers and sisters. I also give 5/.
for a stone, to be set up in Lothbury church, London, in memory
of my brother Anthony there buried about 18th October, 1649. I
also give 50/. for a small monument to be set up in St. Bride's
church, Dublin, in memory of my son, John, and my near kins-
man, John Petty : supposing my wife will add thereunto for her
excellent son, Sir William Fenton, Bart, who was buried there
18th March, 16/O-71 j and if I myself be buried in any of the
said three places, I would have 100/. only added to the above-
named sums, or that the said 100/. shall be bestowed on a monu-
ment for me in any other place, where I shall die. As for legacies
for the poor I am at a stand j as for beggars by trade and election,
I give them nothing ; as for impotents by the hand of God, the
public ought to maintain them ; as for those, who have been bred
to no calling nor estate, they should be put upon their kindred -,
as for those, who can get no work, the magistrate should cause
them to be employed, which may be well done in Ireland, where
is fifteen acres of improvable land for every head; prisoners for
crimes, by the King -, for debts, by their prosecutors ; as for those
who compassionate the sufferings of any object, let them relieve

432 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

themselves by relieving such sufferers, that is, give them alms
pro re nata, and for God's sake relieve those several species above-
mentioned, where the above-mentioned obligers fail in their
duties 5 wherefore I am contented that I have assisted all my poor
relations, and put many into a way of getting their own bread,
and have laboured in public works, and by inventions have sought
out real objects of charity j and do hereby conjure all, who par-
take of my estate, from time to time, to do the same at their peril.
Nevertheless to answer custom, and to take the surer side, I give
20/. to the most wanting of the parish wherein I die. As for the
education of my children, I would that my daughter might marry
in Ireland, desiring that such a sum as I have left her, might not
be carried out of Ireland. I wish that my eldest son may get a
gentleman's estate in England, which, by what I have gotten
already, intend to purchase, and by what I presume he may have
with a wife, may amount to between two and 3,000/ per ann.
and buy some office he may get there, together with an ordinary
superlucration may reasonably be expected ; so as I may design
my youngest son's trade and employment to be the prudent ma-
nagement of our Irish estate for himself and his elder brother,
which I suppose his said brother must consider him for. As for
myself, I being now about three score and two years old, I intend
to attend the improvement of my lands in Ireland, and to get in
the many debts owing unto me; and to promote the trade of
iron, lead, marble, fish, and timber, whereof my estate is capable :
and as for studies and experiment, I think now to confine the
same to the anatomy of the people and political arithmetic j as
also to the improvement of ships, land carriages, guns, and pumps,
as of most use to mankind, not blaming the studies of other men.
As for religion, I die in the profession of that faith, and in the
practice of such worship, as I find established by the law of my
country, not being able to believe what I myself please, nor to
worship God better than by doing as I would be done unto, and
observing the lajvs of my country, and expressing my love and
honour to Almighty God by such signs and tokens, as are under-
stood to be such by the people with whom I live, God knowing
my heart, even without any at all ; and thus begging the Divine
Majesty to make me what he would have me to be, both as to
faith and good works, I willingly resign my soul into his hands,
relying only on his infinite mercy, and the merits of my Saviour,
for my happiness after this life, where I expect to know and see
God more clearly, than by the study of the Scriptures and his

MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. 433

Works I have been hitherto able to do. Grant me, O Lord, an
easy passage to thyself, that, as I have lived in thy fear, I may be
known to die in thy favour. Amen."

Elizabeth, his wife, whom he wedded A. D. 1667, as afore-
said, was daughter of Sir Hardress Walk-r, of Castletown in the
county of Limerick, Knight, and widow of Sir Maurice Fenton,
Bart, j and having been created Baroness of Shelburne, in the
county of Wexford, for life, about a year afier her second hus-
band's death, viz. by privy-seal dated at Whitehall, December
6th, 1688, and by patent dated the 31st of that month, 4 Jac. II.
departed this life in February, 1/08.

Sir William died at his house in Piccadilly-street, in St. James's
parish, Westminster, on December 1 6th, 1 687, of a gangrene in
his foot, occasioned by the swelling of the goutj and was in-
terred in the church of Rumsey, Hants, near the bodies of hi*
grandfather, father, and mother.

By the said Elizabeth, he had three sons, and a daughter, viz.
John, who was baptized on February 15th, 1669, and had sepul-
ture at St. Brides, in Dublin, on January 28th, 167O; Charles,
his heir; Henry, created Earl of Shelburne; and Anne, who was
married, on January 14th, 1692. to Thomas Fitz-Maurice, Earl
of Kerry, already mentioned, and of whom more fully after-
wards.

Charles, the eldest surviving son and heir, was at the same
time that his mother was created Baroness of Shelburne, advanced
to the dignity of Baron of Shelburne, with limitation of that
honour to the heirs male of his body : but being in England,
A. D. 1689, when King James II. held a parliament at Dublin,
was among the number of persons attainted by that assembly,
and had his estate, with his mother's and brother's, sequestered,
which however were restored when King William became master
of Ireland.

In 169O, he wedded Mary, daughter to Sir John Williams, of
Minster-court in Kent, Bart, and with her had 1000/. a year in
England : but dying without issue, in April, l6g6, his peerage
became extinct 5 and his Lady was after that successively married
to major-general Henry Conyngham, of Slane in the county of
Meath (by whom she had two sons, William, who died without
issue, and Charles, Viscount Conyngham, and two daughters) and
Robert Dalway, Esq. colonel of a regiment of dragoons, whose
wife she died in 1 7 10, and was buried at St. Mary's, Dublin, in
December, that year.

vol. n. 2 P

434 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Henry, younger brother to the said Charles, succeeded upon
his death to the family estate: and on September 14th, 1696,
8 Will. III. obtained a re-grant, and confirmation, by patent, of
32,309 acres, 3 roods, and 10 perches, of plantation measure,
amounting to 52,336 acres, 2 roods, and 10 perches (of English
statute measure) in the barony of Glaneroughty, in the county of
Kerry, with an abatement of the quit-rents thereof j and, in like
manner, of 21,101 acres, 3 roods, and 35 perches, of plantation
measure (making 34,181 acres, 2 roods, and 32 perches, of English
statute measure) in the barony of Dunkeron in the said county ;
both parcels containing in the whole upwards of 135 square miles
of English statute measure. All those lands in the barony of
Dunkeron were, by patent bearing date July 20th, 1/21, erected
into the manor of Dunkeron, pursuant to his petition for that pur-
pose j wherein he set forth, that the premises were situate in the
extreme part of the kingdom towards the Western seas, and in a
coarse and mountainous country, and for the most part inhabited
by Papists, who, living very remote from all courts of law, or
justice, had hitherto acted without any regard to either j and
though he had used his utmost endeavours to reclaim them, yet
the same had hitherto proved unsuccessful, for want of having a
legal form of justice established in that part of the country : that
there were very considerable woods on the said tract of ground,
which, if preserved, would have been of public use and service to
the country ; but the situation, people, and their circumstances,
being remote from, and not fearing the laws, nor the administra-
tion thereof, the said woods were almost destroyed by them : and
forasmuch as he had nothing more at heart, than the planting the
said colony with Protestants, and making the said Papists in some
measure amenable to law, which he was in great hopes of com-
passing, if his Majesty would erect the said lands into a manor by
patent, and grant to him and his heirs the franchises of all waifs,
strays, courts-baron, &C. with special power to take cognizance
and hold pleas, and all manner of actions for debt, detinue, and
trespass, not exceeding 20/. on each action, &c.

On March 14th, 1 698-9, he was, jointly with William Fownes,
Esq appointed ranger and game-keeper, or master of the game,
ranger of the Phoenix Park, and of all the parks, forests, chaces,
and woods, in Ireland. He was, moreover, by patent dated June
lfjth, 1699, 11 Will. III. created Baron of Shelburne, in the
county of Wexford j and Viscount Dunkeron, in the county of
Kerry, and Earl of Shelburne, by patent bearing date April 2cjth>

MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. 435

I719, 5 George I. with the creation fee of 20/. a year j these
honours being limited to the heirs male of his body.

In 1704, he was admitted of Queen Anne's privy-council, as
he was also of those of King George I. and King George II. Ho
was returned for the borough of Great Marlow, in Buckingham-
shire, to the fifth parliament of Great Britain, which first met
for business, on Mareh 17th, 1714-15, and for the borough of
Chipping Wycombe, in the county aforesaid, to the next parlia-
ment, which first convened for the dispatch of business on Oc-
tober 9th, 1722.

His Lord-hip (who was likewise F R. S.) took to wife, in
170C>, Arabella, fifth daughter to Charles Boyle, Lord Clifford,
and sister to Charles, Earl of Burlington and Cork, father of
Richard, who died Earl of Burlington and Cork, on December 3d,
1753: and by her Ladyship (who departed this life, in October,
1749, and was interred at High Wycombe) had issue three sons,
first, William, who was buried at St. Bride's, Dublin, on March
4th, 1 701-2; second, Charles, who was baptized on September
27th, 1705, and died young 3 and third, James, Viscount Dun-
keron •, besides a daughter, Lady Anne, who was christened on
August 4th, 1700, and on March 26th, 1722, wedded Francis,
then son and heir apparent to Fiancis Bernard, Esq. one of the
justices of the court of Common Pleas, and had sepulture, on Fe-
bruary 2d, 1727-8th, at St. Mary's, Dublin.

James, Viscount Dunkeron, aforesaid, the only surviving son,
married, on April 21st, 1737, Elizabeth, second and youngest
daughter of Sir John Clavering, of Axwell in the bishopric of
Durham, Bart, and coheir to her brother, Sir James, who died on
his travels, unmarried, A. D. 1726: and by her Ladyship (who
departed this life, at High Wycombe, on August 11th, 1742) was
father of a son, who was born on November 7*h, 1741, but only
lived till April 23d, 1742. His Lordship also yielded to death, on
September 17th, 1750, at his house on Turnham-green, in Mid-
dlesex, and was buried at High Wycombe.

Henry, Earl of Shelburne, his father, only survived him until
April 17th, 175 J, when he died at London, from whence his
corpse was carried to High Wycombe, and there interred : and
leaving no issue, his peerage became extinct ; but he bequeathed
his great estate to his nephew, John Fitz-Maurice, late Lord
Wycombe, Earl of Shelburne, &c. already mentioned, second sur-
viving son of Thomas, Earl of Kerry.

Thomas Fitzmauiuce, before-mentioned, who was born ia

43d

PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

1668, aad taking his seat in the Irish house of peers, on August
17th, 1697, as the twenty-first Baron of Kerry and Lixnaw, was
one of the Lords, who, on December 2d, that year, signed the as-
sociation in defence of King William's person and government.
His Lordship was further advanced to the titles of Viscount Clan-
Maurice, in the.county of Kerry, and Earl of that county, by pa-
tent dated January 17th, 1722-3, 9 Geo. I. with the creation fee
of twenty marks. He was, in May, 172(5, admitted into the
privy-council of King George I. as also into that of George II. at
his accession to the throne in 1727.

His Lordship, as already observed, took to wife, on January
14th, 1692, Anne, only daughter to Sir William Petty, and sister
to Henry, Earl of Shelburne; and, by her Ladyship (who died at
Lixnaw in November, 1737, and was interred at Kerry) was
father of five sons, and three daughters. The sons were, first,
William, his successor j second, Thomas, who died young, and
was buried at St. Bride's, in Dublin, on June lfjth, 17OO; third,
James, who also died young, and was interred there on November
l6th, 1705 ; fourth, Thomas, who departed this life, a bachelor,
after the year 1738; and, fifth, John, Lord Wycombe, &c. of
whom more fully. Of the three daughters, Lady Elizabeth Anne was
married to Sir Maurice Crosbee, of Ardfert, Knight, created Lord
Brandon in J 758, and bore to him three sons (of whom, William,
the eldest, in 1776, was created Earl of Glandore in the kingdom
of Ireland ; and in November, J 745, wedded Lady Tbeodosia,
third daughter to John Bligh, Earl Darnley in Ireland, and Lord
Clifton in England), and four daughters : Lady Arabella was the
wife of Arthur Denny, of Tralee, who left her a widow on August
8th, 1742, without issue j and Lady Charlotte was married, in
1741, to Sir John Conway Colthurst, of Ardrum, Bart, and by
him had four sons, John, Nicholas, Edward, and Charles. She
died October lgth, 1774.

The said Thomas, Earl of Shelburne, &c. departing this life,
in March, 1741, was privately interred in the vault under the
monument at East Clogher j and succeeded by his eldest son,

William, who was baptized, in Dublin, on March 2d, i6(j4.
His Lordship was captain in the second regiment of foot guards;
and in January, 1721, was appointed governor of Ross castle in
Kerry. In April, 174(5, he was sworn of his Majesty's privy-
council; and constituted Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum
of the county of Kerry.

His Lordship, on June 29th, 1738, married Lady Gertrude

MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. 437

eldest daughter to Richard Lambart, fourth Earl of Cavan in Ire-
land : and by her Ladyship (who after his death, which happened
on April 4th, 1747* at Lixnaw, took to her second husband, on
July 7th, 1/50, James Tilson, of Pallice in the King's county,
Esq.) he was father of one son, Francis Thomas, his heir, and a
daughter, Lady Annabella Margaretta, who was born at Ardfert,
on October 6th, 1741, married, June 22d, 1764, Maurice Fitz-
gerald, Esq. Knight of Kerry.

The said Francis Thomas, his Lordship's only son, was born
in Dublin, on September 9th, 1740, and is the third Earl of
Kerry, and the twenty-third Baron of Kerry and Lixnaw.

We now return to,

John, fifth son of Thomas Fitz-Maurice, first Earl of Kerry,
(who was one of the governors of the county of Kerry , and likewise
one. of its representatives in parliament). He inherited, pursuant
to the will of his uncle, Henry Petty, Earl of Shelburne, his Lord-
ship's opulent fortune, as before taken notice of, and assumed his
surname, in 1751. On October 7th, that year, he was created
Viscount Fitz-Maurice, and Baron of Dunkerron, on June 26th,
1753, Earl of Shelburne, in the kingdom of Ireland ; and at the
general election, next year, was returned one of the members for
the borough of Chepping Wycombe in Buckinghamshire. On
May 17th, 1/60, he was promoted to the dignity of a peer of
Great Britain, by the name, style, and title, of Lord Wycombe,
Baron of Chepping Wycombe, aforesaid, with the like limitation.
His Lordship died May 10th, 1761, aged fifty-five years two
months and fourteen days, and was buried at Bow- wood, in
Wiltshire.

His Lordship, on February 13th, 1/34, married his first
cousin, Mary, who died December, 1/80, youngest daughter of
his father's brother, William Fitz-Maurice, of Gallane in the
county of Kerry, Esq. ; and by her Ladyship was father of two
sons, viz. William, second Lord Wycombe, and late Marquis of
Lansdowne, &c. and

Thomas, born in July, 1742, who was elected member of
parliament for Calne 1752, and 1768; was admitted to the ho-
norary degree of doctor of civil law by the University of Oxford,
on July 7th, 1773; and in 1774 was representative in parliament
for the borough of Chepping Wycombe ; he married, December
21st, 1777, Mary Obrien, Countess of Orkney, in her own right,
and died November 5th, 1793, leaving issue John, Viscount Kirk-
wall, born October 9th, 1778, who married, August 18th, 1802,

438 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND

Anna Maria, eldest daughter of John Lord de Blaquiere, by whom
he has Thomas John Hamilton Fitzmaurice, born August 8, 1803.

Also three daughters, of whom the eldest died before baptism,
Anne and Mary, both died young.

The said William, the second Lord Wycombe, and first
March/is ofLansdoavne, &c. was baptized on May 13th, 1737,
and succeeded his father as Lord Wycombe, Earl of Shelbume,
&c. on May 14th, 1761 -, having been, about a month before, at
the general election, returned to the twelfth parliament of Great
Britain, one of the burgesses for Chepping Wycombe, for which
he had also been chosen to the remainder of the preceding in the
room of his father, when he vacated his seat upon being created a
British peer.

This noble peer was, on April 20th, 17<53, sworn of the privy-
council to his present Majesty, and on the 23d of that month
was declared first Lord Commissioner of Trade and the Planta-
tions, in the room of the Hon. Charles Townshend ; but resigned
in September next ensuing. On July 30th, 1766, his Lordship
was appointed principal Secretary of State for the Southern De-
partment, in the Grafton administration, which high post he re-
signed on October 21st, 1768, when Lord Chatham withdrew.

From this period, till 1782, Lord Sheiburne continued in
strong opposition to all the measures of government ; and took
a very active part in parliament. On the overthrow of the North
administration in 1782, and the accession of the Marquis of
.Rockingham to the premiership, Lord Sheiburne was appointed
Secretary of State for the Foreign Department. The succeeding
death of the Marquis dissolved the union of a party, whose com-
bined power was great : Lord Sheiburne was appointed prime
minister by the King; and Fox, Burke, and all the Portland party
seceded. u Lord Sheiburne," says Bisset, " was a man of con-
siderable political knowledge, and particularly distinguished for
his minute and detailed acquaintance with foreign affairs. He
was however more noted for extent and exactness of intelligence,
than for the formation of able and beneficial plans from the re-
sult. He was therefore perhaps less fitted for the supreme ma-
nagement in so trying and critical a situation, than for some
secondary department, in which, from his abundant stores, he
might have supplied materials for the operation of more energetic
and less experienced genius. In that view, had he continued a
member of the cabinet of which Mr. Fox was really the head,
there is little doubt Britain would have possessed a ministry, that,

MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. 43g

•whatever its character might have been in other respects, at
least would not have failed in efficacy. Lord Shelburne had
attached himself to the illustrious Chatham, and after his decease
was considered the leader of his friends and connections, bnt did
not greatly increase the number by his own personal influence.
Far from overbearing party by genius like Chatham, he was not
like many other ministers propped up by a confederacy." b His
power could stand but a little while against the strong coalition
of North and Fox; and early in 1783 he resigned. When at the
end of that year his young friend Pitt overthrew his successors,
it was expected that Lord Shelburne would have been at the
head of the new government. However he formed no part of
the arrangement ; and all the boon he received from his late co-
adjutor, was the creation of Marquis of Lansdowne, No-
vember 30th, 1/84. He now retired to a private life; but on
the breaking out of the French Revolution, came forward again
inconstant and decisive opposition to the measures of adminis-
tration, in which he continued to the day of his death ; which
happened on May 7th, 1805, act. sixty-eight. At this time he
was the oldest general on the list.

On December 4th, 1760, his Lordship was appointrd an aid-
de camp to the present King, with the rank of colonel of foot;
and in March, 1765, was promoted to the rank of major-general
of his Majesty's forces.

His Lordship, on Sunday, February 3d, 1/65, was married.,
in the royal chapel at St. James's, to Lady Sophia, daughter to
John Carteret, late Earl Granville, by his second wife, Sophia,
daughter to Thomas Fermor, Earl of Pomfret : and by her Lady-
ship, who c died January 5th, 1/71, aged twenty-five, and was
buried at Bow-wood, had two sons, John, the present Marquis;
and William, who died January 28th, 1778.

His Lordship re-married, July 8th, 1779, Lady Mary Fitz-
Patrick, sister to the present Earl of Upper Ossory, and by her,
who died August 7th, 1789, had issue a son

Henry, born July 2d, 1780, at Shelburne House; who, in
1806, was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in the admi-
nistration of Lord Grenville, from which he was removed in I8O7,
and is now member of parliament for Camelford, and married,
March 30th, 1808, Lady Susan Stranways, sister to the present
Earl of Ilchester.

b Reign of Geo III. vol hi p. 40S. c Co.ffin Plate.

440 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

John, eldest son, succeeded his father in J 805, as second
Marquis of Lansdowne. He was born December 6th, l/OVl,
and in 1/gr), and again in 17Q0 was elected member for the
borough of Chipping Wycombe. He married, May 27th, 1805,
Lady Giffard, relict of Sir Duke Girfard, Bart, of Castle John, in
the county of Meath, in Ireland.

Titles. John Petty, Marquis of Lansdowne, Earl of Wy-
combe, Viscount Calne, Lord Wycombe, Baron of Chepping
Wycombe, in Great Britain ; also Earl of Shelburne, Viscount
Fitz-Maurice, and Baron of Dunkerron, in Ireland.

Creations. Baron of Dunkerron, in the county of Wateiford,
and Viscount Fitz-Maurice, October 7th, 175 1, 25 Geo. II. Earl
of Shelburne, in the county of Wexford, June 26th, 1753, 27
Geo. II. and Lord Wycombe, Baron of Chepping Wycombe, in
the county of Buckingham, May 1/th, 1/60, 33 Geo. II. and
Marquis of Lansdowne Earl of Wycombe and Viscount Calne,
November 30th, 1784.

Arms. Quarterly, 1. and 4. ermine on a bend, az. a magnetic
needle, pointing at a polar star, Or, for Petty, 2. and 3. Argent,
a saltire, Gules, and chief, ermine, with a crescent for difference.

Crest. On a wreath, a bee-hive, beset with bees, diversely
volant, proper. Also on a wreath a centaur, party per fess, proper
and Argent, with his bow and srrow, proper.

Supporters. On the dexter side, a pegasus, ermine, with,
bridle, mane, tail, wings, and hoofs, Or, and charged on the
shoulder with a fleur de-lis gules : on the sinister, a gryphon, Or,

Motto. Virtute non verbis.

Chief Seats. Bow-wood park, near Calne, in Wiltshire, ancj
Southampton,

MARQUIS OF STAFFORD. 441

GOWER, MARQUIS OF STAFFORD.

This is certainly a family of considerable antiquity: our anti-
quaries assert that it is one of the oldest in the county of York,
and of Anglo-Saxon origin, though they differ as to its patriarch,
whom some will have to be Sir Alan Gower, said to be sheriff of
that county at the time of the Norman Conquest, A. D. 1066,
and Lord of Stittenham in the same county, now possessed by the
present Marquis j whilst others with greater probability assert,
that it is dt-scended from one Guhyer, whose son, called William
Fitz Guhyer, of Stittenham, was charged with half a mark (or
rather a mark) for his lands in the sheriff's accounts, 1167, 13
Hen. II. and that Alan was, very likely, his son, who in the 25th
of the same reign, was taxed with one hundred shillings in the
sheriff" s accounts, for three parts of a knight's fee.

In 125/, was living Sir Walter, probably the father of Sir
Robert de Guer, alive in the 18th and 22d years of Edw. I. about
which time, perhaps, the name began to be differently written :
for in the 2Sth of that monarch's reign, Sir John Gower was one
of those persons of note* summoned to be at Carlisle with horse
and arms, on the feast of the nativity of St. John Baptist, to march
against the Scots: also the yearb after (29 Edw. I.) had sum-
mons to be at Berwick with horse and arms on the same ac-
count.

In 7 Edw. II. Lawrence Gower, of that county,0 had the
JCing's pardon, for being concerned, with Thomas Earl of Lai*?

MS in Bibl. Joh Anstu Arm Not. B.C.
b Ryley's Placit. Pari. p. 494.
Rymer's Feed torn. iii. p. 443.

442 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

caster, in the murder of Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, the
great favourite of Edward II. at Blacklow-hill in Warwickshire,
on June 19th, 1312. To Lawrence succeeded

Sir Nicholas Gower, Knight, who in 12 Edw. III. being
with William de Remington d returned Knights of the shire for
the county of York, to a great council held at Northampton, by-
Edward, Duke ofCornwal (commonly called the Black Prince)
guardian of the realm, in the absence of King Edward beyond the
seas, had on that account 5/. 12s. for fourteen days attendance.
Hee was in the great battle near Durham, sp fatal to the Scots,
October 17th, 1346, and having taken there several prisoners, the
King sent his precept to him to convey them to the Tower of
London, the better to prevent their escapes. In 21 Edw. III. he
was again f elected knight of the shire for the county of York,
with William de Scurveton ; and the year afler, with Thomas de
Ingleby. In 24 Edw. III. he s had the King's leave to go to
Rome, with six valets and seven horses in his retinue : and (the
year after) on August 2d, 1351, was !l commissioned to hear and
determine a certain riot and offence committed on Hugh, Arch-
bishop of Damascus, at Newsted near Boghland, or Boland. He
bad issue ' Sir Thomas Gower his son and heir.

Which Sir Thomas Gower married Agnes, daughter of
Thomas Thwaytes, of Lovetofts in com. Ebor, Esq. by whom he
had two sons, Thomas, hereafter mentioned, and Sir John, second
«on continuator of the line j also four daughters, Anne, married
to Sir Ralph EUerker, of Risby, Knight j Margaret, to James
Aislaby, of South Dalton, Esq. j Alice, to William Hungate, of
6axton, Esq. j and Joan, to Robert Constable, Esq.

Thomas Gower (eldest son and heir of Sir Thomas Gower)
in 11 Henry IV. k was constituted one of the commissioners of
array in the North-riding of Yorkshire. And serving in the
French wars under that victorious monarch Henry V. so far signa-
lized himself, that he was made governor of the castle of Mans.
And in 5 Henry VI. when the town, being under the government
of the Earl of Suffolk, was betrayed to the French by the treachery
of the citizens, whereby the English (as Hollinshed relates) fled
to the castle of Mans, then under the command of this Thomag

<i Pryn's 4th Part of a brief Regist. p. 163.
• Rymer's Feed. torn, v p. 533. f Pryn's Brev. Pari p 34.

« Rymer, torn, v p; 681. h Ibid. p. yzo.

1 Vis de com Ebor by Glover, p. 152, p«nes Johan. comEgmont.

* Rymer'6 Fosd torn viii p 64c.

MARQUIS OF STAFFORD. 445

Gower, in which they were immediately besieged, and which,
through want of provisions, they were unable to hold, he pri-
vately informed the Lord Talbot of their condition, who sud-
denly set upon the enemy, slew a great number, and relieved the
city

On April 7th, 1421, the King reciting that he is going into
Normandy, and other parts of France, and having need of money
for the payment of his soldiers, going with him in the expedition j
he in confidence of the loyalty and care of this Thomas Gower, !
commissions him with Henry Earl of Northumberland, and others,
to summon all persons both clergy and laymen, in the North-
riding of Yorkshire, as they shall think proper, to treat with them
about a loan, to be paid into the hands of the treasurer of England
before May 1st ensuing.

The said Thomas Gower, during his abode there, married a
French Lady. For in 11 Henry VI on his petition to the parlia-
ment in England, m setting forth, that Joan his wife was born at
Allanc/m in France, and praying that his children by her might
be naturalized ; it was accordingly enacted, that all the children
between them shall be denizens. One of these, probably, was
Walter Gower, who is styled of Stittenham, Q Hen. V. and 14
Hen. VI. and by his dying without issue, before his father, the
estate might devolve to his uncle Sir John, the brother of Thomas,
this Walter's father, who was living in 25 Hen. VI. being then
the ninth in the list of the forty-three principal persons in York-
shire, who, with the sheriff, returned James Pickering, and Wil-
liam Normanvil, Knights of the said county, to the parliament
held in that year : For, by all writs before that time, theAttornies
(or proxies) only of Nobles, Barons, Ladies, and some few Knights,
who were suitors in the county court, made the elections of the
Knights of Yorkshire, and sealed the indentures, as Prynne ob-
serves in his Brevia Parliament. Part i. p. 152, 153, 154.

Sir John n Gower, ° above-mentioned, is said to be son and

1 Rymer's Feed, tom x p 96.
m Cotton's Abridg of Rec f 610
« The earlier editions of Collins have confounded this person with John
Gower, the poet, the cotemporary of Chaucer. But the later editors have aban-
doned this, perceiving its anachronism. The poet died, according to Warton,
in 1402 Tanner says he derived his origin from this family of Stittenham, in
Yorkshire. Bibl. 335. See a full and critical account of him in Warton's
Hist. £. P. vol. ii p 1-3 r. It seems he was born in Wales.
0 Vis de com Ebor. praed. p. 134.

444 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

heir of Sir Thomas, by Agnes his wife, daughter of Thomad
Thwaytes of Lovetofts, in com. Ebor. Which Sir JohnP was
standard-bearer to Prince Edward, son of King Henry VI. and
being taken at the battle of Tewkesbury, May 4th, 1471, was
there beheaded. Stow, by mistake, calls him James, and relates,
that he and others having taken sanctuary in the church, King
Edward would have entered and taken them out- but a priest
brought the sacrament before him, and refused to let him enter,
till he had granted his pardon to them. On which they staid in
the church, when they might have escaped, from Saturday till
Monday, and then, notwithstanding the King's promise, they
were taken out and beheaded.

This Sir John * had issue by Elizabeth his wife, r daughter of
Edward GoMsborough, Baron of the Exchequer, in s I Hen. VII.
five sons, Edward ; John, who, l accompanying Thomas Earl of
Surrey, in 13 Henry VII. in his expedition into Scotland, was
knighted for his valour in taking Ayton Castle j George, Robert,
and Walter : also three daughters, Joan, married to Hugh Cly-
therow, of Brantingham, in com. Ebor. Elizabeth, to Chris-
topher Fenton, of Creake, in the same county, Esqrs.j and Anne.

Edward, the eldest son and heir, received the honour of
knighthood, and marrying Margery, daughter of Sir Robert Con-
stable, of Flamborough in Yorkshire, Knight, and relict of John
St, Quintin, of Harpham, Esq. by her had two sons, and three
daughters j Thomas, his heir, and Richard, who by Agnes his
wife, daughter" and coheir of William Leving, of Aclam, in
com. Ebor, had issue four sons, Edward, Thomas, Francis, and
Ralph. His three daughters were, Catharine, married to Walter,
son of Thomas de la River, of Bransby in Yorkshire, Esq. j
Agnes, to Sir John Widdrington, of Widdrington in com. North. ;
and Barbara, to Sir Henry, son and heir of the said Sir John
Widdrington, by a former wife.

Thomas, x eldest son of Sir Edward, was constituted >' on

p Stow's ann p. 424.
1 There seems something deficient in this part of the pedigree. The time
requires at least another generation.

i Vis. de com. Ebor ut antea. * Pa- I. Hen VII. p. 1.

1 MS. in Bibl Cotton, sub. Effig. Claudius, C. 3.

u Vis decom. Ebor prsed.

* Leland mentions, in his Itinerary, Mr. Gower's house at Stittenham.

> Bill sign 3s Hen VIII.

MARQUIS OF STAFFORD. 445

July 16th, 1543, receiver general of all and singular the honours,
&c. appointed for payment of the soldiers in garrison at Berwick,
and supervisor of all the buildings and fort iricat ions of that town,
as also the castle of Warke. He was likewise Marshal of Ber-
wick : and in 1547, being captain of a band of light horsemen in
that army which then invaded Scotland under the command of
the Duke of Somerset, he had the misfortune to be taken prisoner,
with Sir Ralph Buhner, Knight, and Robert Crouch, whom Hol-
linshed mentions2 to be " men ot right good courage, and ap-
proved service j and at this time distressed by their own too much
forwardness, and not by the enemies force." He was afterwards*
made governor of Aymouth fort, six miles distant from Berwick ;
also master b of the ordnance in that expedition made into Scot-
land in 1560. By his first wife Anne, daughter of James Male-
verer, Esq. and coheir to her grandfather Sir William Maleverer
of Arndiff, he had issue a son and successor,

Sir Edward Gower, who by his wife Barbara, daughter to
John Baxter, Esq. had Thomas, his son and heir, c Henry, William,
and Edward, Isabel, Jane, and Barbara.

Thomas married Mary, daughter of Gabriel Fairfax, of Steeton,
in com. Ebor. Esq. and by her (who secondly wedded Sir Charles
Kelke) had issue Thomas, his son and heir, Robert, Edward,
William, and Francis j and two daughters, whereof Elizabeth
was wife to ... . Coventry.

His eldest son, Sir Thomas Gower, Bart, of Stittenham, was d
eight weeks old in September 1584, and having been knighted
by James I. was created a Baronet, June 2d, 1620. He married
Anne, daughter and coheir to John Doyley, of Merton in com.
Oxon. Esq. and by her (who died October 28th, 1633, and wai
buried in the church of St. Clement's Danes in London) had issue
Sir Thomas his successor, Doyley a colonel of dragoons, in the
service of Charles I. and other sons.

Sir Thomas Gower, second Baronet, was knighted at White-
hall, June 24th, 1630, and succeeded his father in his estate, and
title of Baronet. He was a sufferer for his loyalty to Charles I.
having been twice high sheriff of Yorkshire, and r attended on the
King when he was shut out of Hull; and raised a regiment of

z Chron. p. 978. , Holinshed, p. 980.

b Stow's Annals, p. 641. c Vis de com. Ebor.

- Ibid. ' Clarendon's Hist. fol. edit* vol ii. p. 106.

446 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

dragoons, of which his brother, Doyley, before-mentioned, was
colonel. He had two wives, first, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir
William Howard of Naworth Castle, sister to Charles Earl of Car-
lisle, and secondly, Frances/ daughter and coheir of Sir John
Leveson, of Haling in Kent, and of Lilleshul in com. Salop, by
Frances his wife, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Sondes, of
Throwley in Kent, (elder brother of Sir Michael Sondes, Bart.)
by Margaret, sister of Henry Brooke, Lord Cobham. By which
last Lady, this Sir Thomas Gower had issue two sons, Edward,
and William, ancestor to the present Marquis of Stafford} also a
daughter Frances ; but by his first Lady had no issue.

Edward, the eldest son, died before his father, and by Do-
rothy his wife, daughter of Thomas Went worth, of Elmsall in
com. Ebor. Esq. had issue a son Thomas ; and a daughter Frances,
who was married to Sir James Wood, colonel of a regiment at the
battle of the Boyne in Ireland, July 1st, 169O, and died that year
without issue.

Thomas, third Baronet, only son and heir of the said Edward,
succeeded his grandfather in title and estate j and being a colonel
of a regiment of foot, died in the camp at Dundalk in Ireland,
October 2Sth, 1689, unmarried, whereby the title and estate de-
icended to his uncle,

Sir William Leveson Gower, fourth Baronet-, he was
adopted heir to Sir Richard Leveson, of Trent ham in Staffordshire,
Knight of the Bath (brother to Sir John Leveson of Haling in
Kent, before-mentioned) who left him his whole estate. This,
Sir William Leveson Gower was one of the Duke of Monmouth's
bail, 1 683, served in the four parliaments of Charles II. s for New-
castle-under- Line in Staffordshire, and Witt elected for the said
borough to the convention parliament in 1688, and in all other
parliaments to the time of his death, which was in the month of
December 1691. He married the Lady Jane, eldest daughter of
John Granville, Earl of Bath, and at length coheir to her nephew
William Henry, the last Earl of that family; and by her (who
died on February 27th, 1696) had three sons, Sir John Leveson
Gower, Bart. Richard, and William, who died young ; also two
daughters, Catharine, married to Sir Edward Wyndham of Orchard

f Her sister Christian married Sir Peter Temple, and was ancestress of the
Marquis of Buckingham. See before.

t MS. penes Brown Willis, Arm.

MARQUIS OF STAFFORD. 447

Wyndham, in com. Somers. Bart, father by her of the late Sir
William Wyndham, whose son and heir, Sir Charles Wyndham,
became Earl of Egremont ; she died March 14th, 1/04: and
Jane, wedded to Henry Hyde, the last Earl of Clarendon and
Rochester. :

Sir John Leveson Gower, Jiftk Baronet, and first Baron,
born January ;th, 1674-5, was elected to parliament,'1 on the
death of his father, for Newcastle-under- Line, and served for the
same till he was advanced to the degree and dignity of a Baron of
this realm, by the title of Lord Gower, Baron Gower of Stitten-
ham in Yorkshire. Burnet says, " Finch, Gower, Granville, and
young Seymour, were made peers in 1702 to create a majority in
the upper house, while Hervey was advanced at the same time
through private favour." ' He was sworn of the privy-council to
the Queen, on April 21st, 1/02, and at the same time was de-
clared Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. He was introduced
into the house of peers on December 6th, 1703, between the Lord
Delawarr and Lord Granville. His Lordship, in 1/06, was one
of the commissioners that concluded the union between England
and Scotland, being then Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.
He departed this life at Belvoir Castle, the Duke of Rutland's
seat, and was buried at Trentham on September 10th, 1709,
greatly lamented, being a bountiful housekeeper, and much es-
teemed for his affability and other shining qualities. He had to
wife the Lady Catherine, eldest daughter to John Manners, Duke
of Rutland, and by her (who died on March 7th, 1722, in the
forty-seventh year of her age) had issue four sons and 'two
daughters, Catharine, who died on April 20th, 1712,in the seven-
teenth year of her age; and Jane, married to John Proby, of
Elton Hall in the county of Huntingdon, Esq. and died in child-
bed on June 10th, 1726, leaving issue John, created Lord Carys-
fort, father of the present Earl of Carysfort, and other children.

The sons were John, first Earl Gower.

William, second son, who was elected one of the knights of
the shire for the county of Stafford, in December 1 720, on a va-
cancy ; also in the succeeding parliament, 1722; and was after-
wards constantly chosen for the same county until his death, De-
cember 13th, 1756. He married on May 26th,. 1730, Anne,
daughter to Sir Thomas Grosvenor, of Eaton Hall, in the county

h MS. praed, » Burnet's O. T. vol.ii. p. 344.

448 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

of Chester, Bart, which Lady died the year following oft De-
cember 13th, leaving one daughter, Catharine, about four months
old.

Thomas, third son, died unmarried on August 12th, 1727, in
the 29th year of his age, having been elected for Newcastle-under-
Line, in the parliament that met October I lth, 1722.

Baptist, youngest son, served in parliament for Newcastle-
under-Line, from the year 1727 to the end of the parliament
which met in 1/54. On May 7th, 1745, he was appointed a
commissioner of trade and the plantations; which he afterwards
resigned. He died unmarried, August 4th, 1782, aged eighty-
one.

John, first Earl Gower, was created doctor of laws, on
August 19th, 1732, by the University of Oxford, in a full con-
vocation. On July 9th, 1742, he was constituted Custos Rotu-
lorum of Staffordshire ; and four days after, appointed Lord
Privy Seal, and then sworn of his Majesty's privy-council, at Ken-
sington.

On May 12th, 1740, his Lordship was declared one of the
lords justices during his Majesty's absence in his German domi-
nions. On July 29th, 1/42, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant
of the county of Stafford; and on April 25th, 1743, he was a
second time appointed one of the lords justices, andk on De-
cember 10th, that year, resigned his place of lord privy seal,
which was conferred on the Earl of Cholmondeley. He was the
said year, September 15th, unanimously elected recorder of the
city of Litchfield, in the room of the Earl of Uxbridge, deceased.
On December 2(5th, 1744, he1 was again constituted lord privy-
seal; and in 1745, one of the lords justices, whilst his Majesty
was abroad. On the breaking out of the rebellion that year, he
raised a regiment of foot for the King's service. Whereupon his
Majesty, taking into consideration his great merits, was pleased to
advance him to the dignities of a Viscount and Earl of Great
Britain, by the name, style, and title, of discount Trent ham, in
the county of Stafford, and Earl Gower, by letters patent, bear-
ing date July 8th, 1746; and in 1748, his Lordship was again
appointed one of the lords justices of the kingdom; also April
ith, 1750, and March 30tii, 1752.

Ex Informat. Joh. nupcr Com. Gower.
1 Ibid.

MARQUIS OF STAFFORD. 449

His Lordship married first, on March 8th, 1 711-12, the Lad/
Evelyn Pierrepoint, m the third daughter to Evelyn Duke of
Kingston ; and by her had four sons, viz. John, who died on
July 15th, 1723, aged ten years ; William, who died unmarried
on April 4th, 1739, aged twenty-two; Granville, late Marquis of
Stafford; and Richard, born April 30th, 1/26 5 also seven
daughters (whereof the eldest, Catharine, died an infant) the
others are hereafter mentioned. And the Lady their mother
dying on June 27th, 1727, his Lordship, on October 31st, 1733,
married Penelope, daughter of Sir John Stonehouse, Bart, and
relict of Sir Henry Atkins, Bart, by whom be had a daughter,
Penelope, born atTrentham Hall, in June 1734 (who died in the
seventh year of her age) : and her mother deceased there on
Monday, August 19th, following.

His Lordship married, thirdly, the Lady Mary, daughter and
coheir of Thomas Tufton Earl of Thanet, and widow of Anthony
Earl of Harold, son of Henry Duke of Kent ; by whom he had
issue a daughter Mary, who died in the seventh year of her age ;
and three sons.

First, Thomas, who was born at his Lordship's house in
Brook -street, by Grosvenor-square, on August 23d, 1738, and
died about two years old.

Second, John Leveson, born in 1743, appointed a captain in
the navy, June 30th, 1763, and an admiral 1787 • distinguished
himself while he commanded the Quebec in the former war; and
during the last, while he commanded the Valiant ; also while he
was first captain of Lord Howe's ship, at the relief of Gibraltar, in
3782. He was a lord of the admiralty from 1783 to 1789, and
died August 15th, 179O. On July 5th, 1773, he married to
Frances, eldest daughter of the late admiral Edward Boscawen,
by whom he had three sons : first John Leveson Gower, born
June 25th, and baptized July 23d, 1774, now a major-general;
second, Edward, born May 8th, 1776; third, William, born Au-
gust 6th, 1779; also three daughters, Augusta, born June 21st,
1781 ; Frances, born October 12th, 1782; and Elizabeth, born
November 19th, 1784,

And third, Thomas, who was born on July 4th, 1743, and
died an infant.

His Lordship's second surviving son, the Honourable Richard

m Sister to the celebrated Lady Mary Wortley Montagu.
VOL. II. 2 G

450 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Leveson Gower, was chosen member for Tavistock in Devon-
shire, and for the city of Litchfield, in the parliament summoned
to meet on August 13th, J 747 j and died on October 19th, 1753,
unmarried.

Lady Gertrude, his Lordship's second daughter by his first,
wife, married John fourth Duke of Bedford, and died June 10th,
1794 -, Lady Mary, 'married Sir Richard Wrottesley, of Wrot-
tesley in Staffordshire, Bart, whose widow she died April 30th,

1778.

Lady Jane, third daughter, died unmarried, 1737.

Lady Frances married Lord John Philip Sackville, second son
of Lionel, Duke of Dorset, by whom she had the late Duke. She
died June 26th, 1788.

Lady Elizabeth, in March 1 748-9, was appointed Lady of
the Bedchamber to their Royal Highnesses the Princesses Amelia
and Caroline ; and, in 1/51, married the Honourable John
Waldegrave, Esq. afterwards Earl of Waldegrave. She died
April 28th, 1784.

Lady Evelyn, youngest daughter, wedded to John Fitzpatrick,
Earl of Upper Ossory, and after his decease, to Richard Vernon,
of Hilton in Staffordshire, Esq. by whom she had Henrietta, now
Countess of Warwick, &c.

His Lordship, deceasing on December 25th, 1754, was suc-
ceeded by his eldest son,

Granville, second Earl, and first Marquis of Staf-
ford, who married in 1 744, Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas
Fazakerly, of Prescot, in the county of Lancaster, Esq. and by
her, who died in childbed of the small-pox, at his Lordship's
house in Great Grosvenor-street, on Monday, May 19th, 1745,
had a son, John, who was born on May 14th, and died the same
day. His Lordship, in 1744, was elected to parliament for
Bishop's Castle, in Shropshire 5 and to the next parliament, in
1747, was unanimously chosen for Westminster j but in No-
vember 1749, being constituted one of the lords commissioners
for executing the office of lord high admiral, his seat in parlia-
ment became vacated, which occasioned a hard contested election
for Westminster, between his Lordship and Sir George Vandeput,
Bart, when on closing the poll he had a majority of upwards of
150 voters. He was, at the general election in 1754, returned
for the city of Litchfield, and sat for the same till the death of his
father.

MARQUIS OF STAFFORD. 451

On succeeding to the Earldom, he was constituted Lord
Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Stafford. On
December J9th> 1755, he had a grant of the office of lord privy
seal, and in January following was sworn a privy counsellor.
Resigning the privy-seal, he was, on July 2d, 1/57, constituted
master of the horse. His Lordship was continued by his present
Majesty at the council table ; as also Lord Lieutenant and Custos
Rotulorum of Staffordshire j and, on November 25th, 176O, was
nominated keeper of the great wardrobe. On April 23d, 1763,
he was declared lord chamberlain of bis Majesty's household,
and, in that quality, stood proxy for the Duke of Saxe Gotha,
on September the 14th following, at the baptism of his Majesty's
second son, Frederick, now Duke of York : but his Lordship, on
July 10th, 1765, chose to resign his place of lord chamberlain.
On December 23d, 1767, his Lordship was appointed president
of the privy-council, and took his seat as such on the 6th of Ja-
nuary following; but resigned in November 1779> was again ap-
pointed December 19th, 1783 5 and again resigned 1784, and
was appointed in November of that year lord privy-seal, which
he held till J 794. On February 28th 1786, he was advanced to
the title of Marciuis of Stafford. On February 11th, 1771 >
he was elected one of the Knights companions of the most
noble order of the Garter, and was installed July 25th, the same
year j his Lordship was likewise Lord Lieutenant and Custos
Rotulorum of the county of Stafford, recorder of Stafford, a
governor of the Charter- house, and vice president of the Mid-
dlesex hospital.

His Lordship, on March 28th, 1748, married, secondly, Lady
Louisa Egerton, daughter of Scroop, first Duke of Bridgwater,
by whom he had issue, George Granville, Viscount Trentham,
born on February 9th, 1758; Lady Louisa, born on October 22d,
1749, married December 25th, 1777, to Sir Archibald Mac-
donald, Knight, (brother to the first Lord Macdonald,) who
has since been promoted to be lord chief baron of the Exchequer,
and has issue by her several children ; Lady Carolina, born on
November 2d, 1753, married March 22d, 1770, to Frederick the
present Earl of Carlisle; and Lady Anne, born on February 22d,
1761, married, in February 1784, the Honourable Doctor Edward
Vernon, now archbishop of York, by whom she has a large
family ; but her mother died on March 14th following her birth,
and his Lordship on May 25th, 1768, was thirdly married to-

452 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Lady Susanna Stewart, daughter of John Earl of Galloway, by
whom he had issue three daughters, first, Lady Georgiana Au-
gusta, born April 13th, 1769, married the Honourable William
Eliot, brother to Lord Eliot ; second, Lady Charlotte, born Ja-
nuary 11th, 1771, married Henry Charles, now Duke of Beaufort;
third, Lady Susanna, born 1/72, married, 1795, Dudley, now
Lord Harrowby -, and one son, Lord Granville Leveson, born in
1773, member of parliament for the county of Stafford, and am-
bassador in 1807 to Petersburgh, &c.

The Marquis died October 2fjth, 1803, and was succeeded by
his eldest son, George Granville Leveson Gower, second
Marciuis of Stafford, who, while a commoner represented the
county of Stafford in parliament. In 1790 he was sent ambas-
sador extraordinary to Paris, and recalled in 1792. In 1798 he
was called up to the house of peers by the title of his father's
Barony, as Lord Gower, In January 1803, on the death of
his uncle Francis, last Duke of Bridge ivater, he became his heir
general, and succeeded to that part of his immense property
which consisted in shares in those numerous and splendid inland
canals, of which his Grace was the illustrious founder , and by
which he has immortalized his name.

His Lordship married, September 4th, 1785, Elizabeth Countess
of Sutherland, and Baroness of Stathnaver in Scotland, in her own
right, by whom he has issue,

First, George Granville, Earl Gower, born August. 8th, 1786.

Second, Lady Charlotte, born June 8th, 1788.

Third, Lord William, born June 4th, 1792, and died 1793.

Fourth, Lord William Leveson, died June 17th, 1804.

Fifth, Lord Francis.

Sixth, Lady Elizabeth.

His Lordship is a Knight of the Garter ; and in right of his
wife, hereditary high sheriff of Sutherlandshire. He is also re-
corder of Stafford, &c.

Titles. George Granville Leveson Gower, Marquis of Staf-
ford, Earl Gower, Viscount Trentham ; and Lord Gower, Earon
of Stittenham, and Bart.

Creations. Baronet, June 2d, 1620, 18 Jac. I. Baron Gower
of Stittenham in com. Ebor. by letters patent, March ltith,
(1702-3) 2 Queen Anne ; Viscount Trentham, and Earl Gower,
July 8th, 1746, 20 George II. 3 and Marquis of Stafford, February
28tb-, 1786.

MARQUIS OF STAFFORD. 453

Arms. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, barry of eight, Argent and
Gules, over all, a cross flory, Sable, for Gower : 2d and 3d AzAire,
three laurel leaves erect, Or, for Leveson.

Crest. On a wreath, a wolf passant, Argent, collared, 'and
chained, Or.

Supporters. Two wolves, Argent, each having a collar and
chain, Or.

Motto. Frangas non flectes.

Chief Seat. At Trentham in the county of Stafford.

454 TEERAGE OF ENGLAND,

TOWNSHEND, MARQUtS TOWNSHEND.

The patriarch of this noble family, (which is undoubtedly of
great antiquity in the county of Norfolk) was Lodovic, a noble
Normdn, who coming into England in Henry the First's reign,
assumed the surname of To wnshend, and* took to wife Elizabeth,
the daughter and heir of Sir Thomas de Havile, in whose right
he became possessed of the manor of Havile, in Rainham,
where his posterity have ever since continued to have their prin-
cipal residence. The family of Havile, or De Hautville, (de Alta
Villa, as it is called in old deeds) was of Norman extraction, as
their name sufficiently evidences, and settling in Norfolk, became
possessed of a very considerable inheritance, which thus came by
marriage to the family of Townshend. This Lodovic de Towns-
hend, Lord of Raineham, in right of his wife, had by her

Walter de Townshend, his successor, who took to wife Maud,
daughter b of Sir Walter de Scogan, Knight, a family of good ac-
count in Norfolk, and had issue

Roger de Townshend, who, by his wife Catharine, daughter
of John Atherton, of the county of Sussex, Esq. c was father to

Sir Thomas de Townshend, Knight, and to Catharine, the
wife of Charles Blackney, of Sperham, in Norfolk, Esq. The
said Sir Thomas married Eleanor, daughter of William Paine, of
the county of Norfolk, Esq. and departing this life, was d interred
in the east part of the church of the White Friers, or our Lady of
Mount Carmel, near Fleet-street. 4

» Vis de Com. Salop, and Norf in Offic Armor, and in Bibl. Harleyana.

L Jckyl-* Liber Baronettorum, MS. p. 155.

c Baronage, MS. Coll S Segar.

d Stow's Survey of London, enlarged by Strype, B. II I. p. 268.

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 455

His son and heir, Sir Roger Townshend, Knight, was
wedded to Eleanor, e daughter of Sir Thomas Gigges, of Rollesby,
in com. Norf. and had issue,

John, his son and heir, who by biff last will, dated at Rayn-
ham, St. Mary, A. D. 1465, orders his body to be buried in the
parish church of Raynham, in the middle of the body of the
church before the image of the crucifix of our Lord, which was
accordingly done, and the following memorial of him raised :

Orate pro Anima Johannis Townshend, Filii
Rogeri et Elianore, qui obiit IIII Die Oclobris
Ann. Dom. MCCCCLXV.

His first wife was Joan, daughter and heir of Sir Robert
Lunsford, of Rumford, in Essex, and of Battle, in Sussex, (de-
scended from the antient familyof Lunsford, of Lunsford, in that
county.) By this match the Townshend family have right to
bear the arms of Lunsford, and likewise those of Barrington,
Belhouse, Marcy, Mandaville Earl of Essex, &c. By the said
Joan Lunsford, this John Townshend had one son, Roger, and
four daughters, viz. first, Joan, married to Sir William Paston,
Knight, ancestor to the late Earls of Yarmouth ; second, Eliza-
beth, to Sir John Castel, Knight ; third, , to Sir William

Glopton, Knight, and, fourth, Thomasine, to Sir Thomas Wood-
house, of Kimberley, in Norfolk, created Knight of the Bath, at
the marriage of Prince Arthur, el Jest son to Henry VII. and an-
cestor to the present Lord Woodhouse.

He was succeeded by the said Roger, his only son, who was
of the Society of Lincoln's Inn, where he studied the law, in the
reign of Henry VI. and that Society was then so chargeable, and
in such high estimation, that none but gentlemen were of the Inns
of Court, as is observed by that great and famous lawyer Sir John
Fortescue, chief justice of the King's Bench, in King Henry VI's
time. He arrived to such a degree of eminency, that he was
elected one of the governors f of the society of Lincoln's Inn, in
the first, third, fifth, and sixth years of the reign of King Ed-
ward IV. and two years after, for his great learning, was by them
chosen Lent reader. 8 In the 12th of Edward IV. he was returned
to parliament h for Calne, in Wiltshire, and was double reader * to

• Jekyl ut antea. f Dugdale's Orig Juridic. p. 257.

* Jbid. p. 249. »> Pryn's fourth Brief Regist. p- 937.

» Dugdale, p. 258.

456 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the society of Lincoln's Inn, in 14 Edward IV. and the same year
again chosen one of the governors thereof; as also in 16 Edw. IV.
In 17 Edward IV. he was k called to the degree of serjeant at
law; and in 1 Edward V. ' constituted the King's serjeant at law.
The year following he was by Richard III. made one of the jus-
tices of the court of Common Pleas, wherein he continued till he
died, his patent being renewed by King Henry VII. on his ac-
cession to the crown, who also conferred on him the m honour of
knighthood, in his chamber at Worcester, on Whitsunday before
his coronation. He enlarged his estate by his marriage with Anne,
daughter, and coheir of Sir William de Brewse, of Wenham Hall,
in com. Suff. Knight, who deceased on October 31st, 1489- This
match brought a great increase of inheritance, and likewise of
honour to the family; for the Brewses, of Wenham, in Suffolk,
and of Topcroft and Stinton, in Norfolk, were a collateral branch
of the great family of Braose, Barons of Brember, in Sussex, and
of Brecknock and Gower, in Wales, who were among the first of
the Norman nobility. In consequence of this marriage with the
coheir of Sir Thomas Brewse. the Townshend family have right
to quarter the arms of the antient Barons of Brember of the family
of Braose, and likewise of Milo Earl of Hereford, Newmarch
Baron of Brecknock, Baladun Baron of Abergavenny, &c. This
Sir Roger Townshend, Knight, by the said Anne de Brewse, had
a numerous issue, whereof six sons and four daughters lived to
mens and womens estate, and were honourably disposed of. Anne
was betrothed to Philip Crescener, of Attilborough, in com. Norf.
Esq. ; Susan was wife of Sir Edmund Wyndham, of Felbrigge,
in com. Norf. Knight; Catharine was wedded to Sir Henry
Bedingfield, of Oxborough, in the same county, Knight, one of
the privy council to Queen Mary, and by her made governor of

the Tower ; and Joan was wife to Montford. His sons

were,

First, Roger Townshend.

Second, John, ancestor to the present Viscount Townshend.

Third, Robert, hereafter mentioned.

Fourth, George Townshend, who was seated at Dereham Abbey

in Norfolk, and wedded , daughter of John Thurston, of

London.

* Clauf 17 Edward IV. m. 3. 1 Rymer, torn, xii- p. 18k

» Norn. Equit. MS. in Bibl. Cotton- not. Claudius, C. 3. p. 13. and
Jckyl's Cat. of Knights, p. it.

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 457

Fifth, Thomas Townshend, of Testerton, in the same county,
and married Elizabeth, daughter of John Callibut, of Castle Acre,
in com. Norf. by whom he was ancestor to the Townshends of
West Wrotham, in Norfolk, now extinct.

And sixth, Giles.

The said Sir Roger Townshend, their father, died in the eighth
year of the reign of King Henry VII. and by his last will, n bear-
ing date on August 14th the same year, (1493) orders his body to
be buried in the chapel of St. Catharine, in the church of St.
Mary Raynham, if he deceased there; but, if he died at London,
in the White Friers church, in Fleet street, before the crucifix.
He constitutes his wife sole executrix, and leaves her guardian to
his eldest son Roger Townshend. He was buried at Raynham,
where a fair tomb was erected ° to his memory $ but no inscription
is remaining.

Robert Townshend, third son of Sir Roger, was of Brackin-
nashe, in com. Norf. and betaking himself to the study of the
laws at Lincoln's Inn, was elected autumn reader to that society
in 37 Henry VIII. and constituted justice of Chester; also
knighted p by the King, the same year, on Trinity Sunday, at
Hampton Court, after his return from Bulloign. He was continu-
ed 1 in his post of justice of Chester, both by King Edw. VI. and
Queen Mary ; and r deceased on the 8th of February, in the third
and fourth of Philip and Mary, possessed of the manor and rectory
of Gayst, and advowson of the vicarage of the church, the manors
of Swantons, Foxleys, and Southall, in com. Norf. and the priory
and house of St. Augustine, in Ludlow, s which descended to
Thomas, his son and heir, who was at that time twenty-two years
of age, and had to wife Anne, daughter of Henry D'Oyley, of
Shottisham, in Norfolk, Esq. He had also Roger Townshend,
ancestor to those of the name in com. Salop ; and Sir Henry
Townshend, who became as eminent as his father by the study of

n Ex Regist. Vox. not. 10. p 1 1. in Cur Praerog. Cant,
e Weever, p. 812. p Nom.equit ut antca- p. 149.

q Leicester's Antiq. p. 176.
r Cole's Esc. MS. Lib. 2. not. 61. A. 13. p. 241, in Bibl. Harleyana.
? In the high chancel of Ludlow church is a monument with the follow-
ing inscription :

" Herelieth the bodyes of Sir Robart Townesend, Knyght, Chief Justes
of the Counsell in the Marches of Walles and Chester, &c. &c And Alice
his wyfe daughter and on of the heyres of Robart Payne Esquire, who had
betwyne them xii children, vi sonnes and vi daughters lawfully begotten.
Anno Domini 1581. Anno Regni Elizabeths Reginae."

453 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the law. In 21 Elizabeth he was constituted justice of Chester;
and in 35 Elizabeth was in commission1 with William Lord
Cobham, warden of the Cinque Ports, Thomas Lord Buckhurst,
&c. to inquire what persons came from beyond the seas, and ad-
hered to the bishop of Rome, and to put the laws in execution
against Jesuits. In the first year of King James I. he was con-
tinued justice of Chester, and chosen one of the vice-chamber-
lains of that city, a post to which none but persons of honour
were elected j and in the fifteenth year of the same reign u was of
the council to William Lord Compton, Lord President and Lieu-
tenant within the dominion of the principality and marches of
Wales. He deceased in 1Q Jac. I, and his issue still remain in
Shropshire and Worcestershire. His son Hayward Townshend,
by Susan his first wife, daughter of Sir Rowland Hayward, of
London, Knight, was entered at Oxford \5QO, and afterwards
studied the law; and was called to the bar. He served in par-
liament for Bishop's Castle in 1001, and was elected for West-
minster the same year, when he made an Historical Collection of
the proceedings in parliament, to which he added other collec-
tions for the three preceding parliaments, 1588, 1592, and 15Q7*
Many years after his death, these Historical Collections were pub-
lished in folio, 1680. He died without issue some time before
1623. x

Roger Townshend, (eldest son and heir of Sir Roger Towns-
hend) in 5 Henry VIII. was nominated commissioner by act of
parliament, among other discreet persons of the county of Nor-
folk, justices of the peace, (as the words of the act are) for assess-
ing and collecting a subsidy of 163,000/. by a poll-tax, &c. for
defraying the expense of taking Teroven and Tournay. In 10
Henry VIII. he covenanted to serve the King with ten men at
arms. He was thrice sheriff of the county of Norfolk, y viz. in the
third, tenth, and seventeenth of King Henry VIII. and in 33
Henry VIII. chosen one of the Knights for Norfolk, in the par-
liament then held. In 37 Henry VIII. he was z knighted, on the
• Kings return from Bulloign ; and was one of the principal per-
sons of the county of Norfolk entrusted by the King and his
council, as appears by a letter a from the Duke of Somerset, pro-
tector of the realm, dated at the Tower of London, February 12/

t Rymer, torn, xiv. p. aoi. u Ibid. torn. xvii. p. 119.

x Wood's Ath. vol i p. 316. r Fuller's Worthies in eod Com.

z Jekyl's Cat. of Knights. * Strype's Memorials, vol. hi. p. 19.

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 55Q

1 Edward VI. wherein he signifies to the Earl of Sussex, Sir
Roger Townshend, Sir William Paston, Knights, the death of
King Henry VIII. desiring them to take care of the peace of the
county, and to call together all such who were in the com-
mission of the peace, to execute their charge in maintaining of
the peace.

This Sir Roger Townshend died without issue; so that I shall
now treat of John, second son of judge Townshend.

Which John Townshend, Esq. was seated at Brampton, in
com. Norf. and having b married Eleanor, daughter of Sir John
Headon, of Baconsthorp, in the same county, Knight of the Bath
at the coronation of King Henry VIII. had issue two daughters
and four sons ; Richard ; Henry ; John Townshend, of Hol-
loughton, in com. Norf. Esq. who left an only daughter and heir ;
and George, fourth son. His daughters were, Catharine, mar-
ried to Francis Colvil, of Marshland, in com. Norf. Esq. ; and
Anne, the wife of Thomas Crofftes, of Felmingham, in the same
county, Esq. He was succeeded by Richard, his eldest son.

Which Richard Townshend, Esq. resided also at Brampton,
and died in the fifth year of King Edward VI. as appears by his
will, c bearing date the 20th of July the same year, (and the pro-
bate thereof February 12th, 1544) at which time he was danger-
ously ill, and appoints Thomas Townshend, Esq. his uncle, sole
executor. He married Catharine, third daughter and coheir of
Sir Humphry Brown, of Ridley, in Cheshire, one of the justices of
the Common Pleas, who "was afterwards espoused to Sir William
Roper, Knight, ancestor to the Ropers of Welhall ; but by her
first husband had issue a son named Roger, and a daughter Eliza-
beth, married to Thomas Godsalve, of Buckenham, in com. Norf.
Esq. who d deceased on August 2d, in 30 Elizabeth, leaving by
her Roger Godsalve, of Buckenham, his son and heir, at that time
twenty years of age.

Roger Townshend, Esq. son and heir of Richard, resided at
Raynham, and became famed for his prudence, valour, and other
accomplishments. He enlarged his estate by divers purchases of
manors, lands, &c. in the counties of Middlesex, Norfolk., and
Essex, as appears by several authorities. And in the memorable
intended invasion by the Spaniards, in the year 1588, shewing an

, b Vis. de Com. Norf. praed.

c Ex Regist. vocat. Moor, qu 20, in Cur. Praerog Cant.
* Cole's Esch MS. lib, v. p- 3*4» in Bibl. Harl.

460 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

undaunted spirit and bravery, Charles Lord Howard, Lord High
Admiral, conferred6 the honour of Knighthood on him, the Lord
Sheffield, and two others, who had likewise signalized themselves
in that great fight at sea ; having power from the Queen so to do.

He lived but two years afterwards, departing this life in the
flower of his age, at a seat he had purchased of Thomas Sutton,
Esq. f at Newington, in com. Middlesex, and was buried in the
parish church of Cripplegate, London, June 30tb, 1590. His
Lady was Jane, s youngest daughter of Sir Michael Stanhope, of
Shelford, in com. Nott. ancestor to the present Earls of Chester-
field, Stanhope, and Harrington ; by whom he left two sons,
John, and Robert Townshend : she lived a widow till about seven
years after his decease, when she was married to Henry Berkley,
Lord Berkley, viz. on March 10th, 1597* and surviving her
second husband, died on January 3d, 1617-18.

Robert Townshend, youngest son of Sir Roger, was h knighted
at the Charter House by King James I. on May 11th, 1603 ; and
took to wife Anne, daughter of William Lord Spencer, but died
without issue, having been • elected for Castle Rising, and Orford,
to all parliaments from 42 Elizabeth to the last parliament of King
James I.

John Townshend, Esq. the eldest son, was elected to parlia-
ment for Castle Rising, in Norfolk, in 35 Elizabeth j and four
years after, when the Earl of Essex had concerted the invading of
the Spanish dominions, in the year 15g6, he followed the example
of his father, going in person in the service of his country, in that
expedition ; and for his signal valour in entering the town of Cales,
was k knighted by the general.

After his return, he was the same year l elected to parliament
one of the Knights for the county of Norfolk -, and in the 35 th of
Elizabeth for the borough of Castle Rising, in the same county j
also in the 43d of Elizabeth for the borough of Orford, in Suffolk;
and -was a leading member in the first parliament m called by
King James j being appointed, among others of the principal
members, to consider of the grievances of the nation 5 and in a

e Camden's Ann. and Baker's Chron. 2d edit. p. 544.
f Ex Testament in Regist. vocat Sainberbe, not. 77. qu, 16, in Cur. Frse-
rog. Cant.

« Monument at Shelford. h Philpot's Cat. of Knights.

i Ex Collect. B. Willis, Arm. k Camden's Annals.

1 Ex Coll. B. Willis, Arm.

■» Journal of Pari. 1 Jac I. dors, iz in Bibl. Int. Tempi.

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 461

committee for a conference with the lords, concerning wardships;
as also in other special affairs, as the journals of the house of com-
mons shew. During the sitting of this parliament he had the
misfortune of falling into a quarrel with Sir Matthew Brown, of
Beach worth Castle, in Surry, ■ which ended in a duel fought be-
tween them on horseback on Hounslow heath, wherein they were
both mortally wounded, Sir Matthew dying on the spot, and Sir
John Townshend soon after, on August 2d, 1603, in the first
year of King James I. He was possessed of a very great estate,
as appears by two inquisitions0 taken after his death, at Thetford,
one on the 8th of June, and one on the last of November the
same year, wherein it was found that Roger, his son and heir, was
eight years of age, and that he died possessed in the county of
Norfolk of the manors of Reynham, and Sherbornes in West
Reynham, the manor and castle of Rudham, with the rectory, the
lordship of Holloughton, the scite of the priory of Coxford, the
manors of Ingaldesthorpe, Scales, Barwick, Haviles, Reyton,
Halles Payne and Morehouse, Scales, Horsham, with the rectory
and advowson of the vicarage of the church, Buckenhams in
Barwick, Eatshall and Stanhoe, Sherburnes in Stanhoe, Stinton
Hall, Stibard, Pandles, and Barnier, with other lands and tene-
ments. He married Anne, eldest daughter and coheir of Sir
Nathaniel Bacon, of Stifcay in Norfolk, Knight of the Bath,
(second son by the first wife of Lord Keeper Bacon, and elder
brother of the half-blood to the famous Lord Verulam). By her
he had a daughter, Elizabeth, who was married to John Spelman,
Esq. 5 and a second son, Stanhope Townshend, who went a
volunteer in the service of the States of Holland against the
Spaniards} p and being wounded in a duel in the Low Countries,
it occasioned his death, though he lived to come into England,
dying at London unmarried.

Roger Townshend, his eldest son, was created a Baronet by
King James I. by letters patent bearing date April l6th, 1617, in
the fifteenth year of his reign, and the ninety-eighth in order of
creation. He rendered himself so conspicuous, and was so well
esteemed in his country, 1 that in the third year of King Charles I.
anno 1627, he was unanimously elected one of the knights in

n MS de Famil de Vincent, penes Hen. Vincent Arm.

» Cole Esch. MS. lib- ii. p. 211, in Bibl. Hail.

p Spelman's Hist of Sacrilege, p 268.

9 Ex Collect. B. Willis, Aim.

462 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

parliament for the county of Norfolk -, was r sheriff of that
county in the fifth year of King Charles I. and served in all other
offices suiting his degree. He resided for the most part of his life
in the country, an eminent example of all christian virtues ; and
is mentioned with honour by Sir Henry Spelman, s and other
writers of those times $ being universally esteemed for his piety
and charity, having nobly endowed several churches with impro-
priations/ to the yearly value of some hundred pounds. He
built from the ground a stately house at Ray n ham, ■ now the
mansion seat of the family, and departed x this life on January Is!,
1636, aged forty -one years, and was buried in the church of East
Raynham. J He took to wife Mary, second daughter and coheir
of the famous Horatio Vere, Lord Vere, of Tilbury, by whom he
had two sons and five daughters ; and she surviving him, was
afterwards married to Mildmay Fane, Earl of Westmoreland, by
whom she was mother of Vere Fane, Earl of Westmoreland. Her
sons by Sir Roger To\vnshend,were, Sir Roger, and Sir Horatio \
and her daughters, who were married after their father's decease,
were Mary, wedded to Thomas Lord Crewe, of Steen, in com.
Northamp. ; z Jane to John Windham, Esq. ; Anne to William
Cartwright, of Ayno, in com. Northamp. Esq. j a Elizabeth, who
died after her father's decease, unmarried j and Vere, wedded to
Sir Ralph Hare, of Stow Hall, in com. Norf. Bart.

Sir Roger Townshend, Bart, born December 21st, 1628, was
in ward to the King, and dying in his minority, was succeeded
by his brother Sir Horatio Townshend, Bart. Which

Sir Horatio Townshend, first Viscount Townshend,
was under age during the civil war begun in 16AI 5 but when he
became possessed of the estate of his ancestors, which was one of
the best of the county of Norfolk, (as the inquisition taken after
the death of his father shews) he was soon distinguished for his
eminent abilities, and courted by all those who had the interest
of their country at heart; and the part he acted during those
times of confusion, was a principal means of the restoration of
monarchy and episcopacy. Lord Clarendon b says of him, " that ■

r Fuller's Worthies in cod. com. » In Hist of Sacrileges, p 299.

« Fuller's Worthies in com. Norf. p 172.

u The architect was Inigo Jones- , x Cole's Esch, lib v p. 187.

y i MS. I 24 p 106, in Offic Armor.

* See Bridges's Northampt. vol i. fo. r99.

■ See Le Neve's Mon Ang. vol. ii. p. 169; and Bridges's Northampt.

vol i p 139.

b Hist, of the Rebel 8vo. vol. vi. p. 665, 666.

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 463

he was a gentleman of the greatest interest and credit in that
large county of Norfolk, and was able to bring in a good. body j
that he had been under age till long after the end of the war, and
so liable to no reproach or jealousy, yet of very worthy principles,
and of a noble fortune, which he engaged very frankly to borrow
money, and laid it out to provide arms and ammunition j and all
the King's friends in those parts were ready to obey him, and the
Lord Willoughby qf Parham, (whom he had brought over to his
side) in whatsoever they undertook." And he says, their design
in the year 1659 for surprising of Lynn, a maritime town of
great importance in respect of its situation, was the best digested,
and the most likely to succeed in restoring of the King, of any
that had been formed. He took to heart the oppression of his
country, and had the courage, with the Lord Richardson, and Sir
John Hobart, to bring an address from the county of Norfolk,
which on January 28th, \65g, he c presented to the members then
sitting, ' wherein they demanded the secluded members to be ad-
mitted, or a free parliament chosen.' This forwarded the arrival
of General Monk, and most counties in England followed the ex-
ample, and delivered addresses to the same purpose. During the
time of his being in the council of state, he contracted a friendship
with the Lord Fairfax, who was general of the army ; and being
entrusted by the King with his affairs, he delivered that Lord a
letter from his Majesty, and brought him into the King's in-
terest ; which, as Lord Clarendon writes, d greatly facilitated Ge-
neral Monk's advance into England, and his reception into the
city of York. When the long parliament was dissolved, and
another called to be holden at Westminster, April 29th, J660,
this Sir Horatio and the Lord Richardson were elected knights for
the county of Norfolk : and he was nominated by the house of
commons, with six lords (sons of peers) of their body, and five
other commoners, to e attend the King at the Hague, " to desire
his Majesty to make a speedy return to his parliament, and take
the government of the kingdom into his hands." He was the first
named of the commoners, and arriving at the Hague, they had
their audiences of the King, May l6th, ]660; and Sir Horatio
came over with his Majesty, who had a full sense of his great ser-
vices ; and, in consideration thereof, advanced him to the dignity
of a peer of this realm, by the title of Baron Towkshend, of

c Whitlock's Mem. p. 695. d In Hist, praed- 709.

e Baker's Chron. 2d Edit, p 707, 710.

464 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Lynn Regis, April 20th, l66l ; and August 19th following, con-
stituted him Lord Lieutenant of the county of Norfolk, and city
and county of Norwich. Also further advanced him to the title
of Viscount Townshend, of Raynham, in com. Norf. on De-
cember 11th, 1 682, 34 Car. II. He departed this life in De-
cemberf 1687, having married two wives.

His first Lady was Mary, daughter, and sole heir to Edward
Lewkenor, Esq. son and heir of Sir Edward Lewkenor, of Denham
in Sussex, Knight, who deceasing without issue anno 1 673, his
Lordship married Mary, daughter to Sir Joseph Ashe, of Twicken-
ham, in the county of Middlesex, Bart, by whom he had three
sons j

First, Charles, his successor.

Second, Roger, who was one of the knights of the shire for
the county of Norfolk, in the first parliament of Great Britain,
and one of the burgesses for Yarmouth, in that county, in the
second parliament, but died on May 22d, 1 709, unmarried, and
was buried at Raynham.

Third, Horatio, who was member of parliament for Yar-
mouth, in Norfolk, and afterwards for Heytesbury,, in Wiltshire -,
also one of the commissioners of the Excise 5 he died October
24th, 1751, in the sixty-ninth year of his age, and lies buried
under an altar tomb near the north east corner of Nelson's burial
ground, behind the Foundling Hospital, as does also his wife,

Alice, daughter of Starkey, Esq. who died November 22d,

1747, aged fifty-four 5 by whom he had issue Horatio, who died
unmarried April 22d, 1747 j Mary who died August 14th, 1730,
aged nine years and six months j Alice, who died November 7th,
1726, aged five months, and Letitia, their only surviving child,
who was married July 24th, 1749, to Brownlow, the late Earl of
Exeter, but died in April 1756, without issue.

Charles, second Lord Viscount Townshend, took s his
seat in the house of peers December 3d, i6g7 ; and June 24th,
1702, was h constituted Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of
the county of Norfolk, and of the city and county of Norwich.
In 1706 he was one of the commissioners that treated of the union
between the two kingdoms 5 and on November 16th, 1707, was
appointed * captain of the yeomen of her Majesty's guard -} and

\ Journ Greg King Lane. Fecial penes Meips.

« Journal Dom. Procer. n Gazette, No. 38*1.

; Ibid. 4384.

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 465

»
was sworn k of the privy-council to her Majesty the 20th of May

following. In 1709 his Lordship, and the Duke of Marlborough,
were appointed plenipotentiaries to treat of a peace with those of
France. " The choice," says Burnet, " was well made j for as
Lord Townshend had great parts, had improved them by travel-
ling, and was by much the most shining person of all our young
nobility, and had on many occasions distinguished himself very
eminently ; so he was a man of great integrity, and of good prin-
ciples in all respects, free from all vice, and of an engaging con- , ,
versation." l Arriving at Gertruydenburgh, they had several con-
ferences with the French ministers about a general peace; and
preliminaries were signed by the plenipotentiaries of the allies, the
Duke of Marlborough, and his Lordship, May 28th, 1709 ; and
Monsieur de Torcy went with them to France ; but the French
monarch refused to ratify them. His Lordship continued at the
Hague as her Majesty's ambassador extraordinary. In 1/10, the
French made fresh overtures for a peace, delivered by them at
Gertruydenburgh, April 8th ; but according to their usual delu-
sive artful management, it appeared only to protract time ; and
the conferences ending July 25, N. S. the States General wrere so
exasperated at their shuffling, that they came to vigorous resolu-
tions to push on the war, which are set forth in the Annals of
Queen Anne, year the ninth, page 22, and seq. On the change
of the ministry that year, his Lordship not coming into the mea-
sures of the court, desired to be recalled ; m and thereupon it was
published in our Gazette, March 7th, 1710, '•• that the Lord Vis-
count Townshend, her Majesty's ambassador extraordinary and
plenipotentiary to the States General of the United Provinces,
having desired leave to return home,, her Majesty had appointed
the Lord Raby to succeed him." Arid on June 13th following,
he was removed from his post of captain of the yeomen of her
Majesty's guard. His Lordship concurred in all measures for the
securing of the prostestant succession ; and on the demise of the
Queen, he was, by King George I. according to the power in-
vested in him by act of parliament, nominated one of the lords
justices of Great Britain, till he arrived from Hanover. And in

k Gazette, 4386. 1 O.T. vol ii. p 528.

m Burnet says he was recalled, and disgraced because the court knew he
would not serve their ends in listening to the preliminaries offered by France
without the concurrence of our allies ; on which account Lord Raby was re-
called from Prussia, made Earl of Stafford, and sent to Holland. Burnet's
.O. T. vol. ii. p. 58i.

VOL. 11. » H

466 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

pursuance of his Majesty's pleasure, signified to the lords justices,
he was, on September 17th, 1714, sworn principal secretary of
state, and took his place at the board accordingly. Three days
after his Majesty arriving, he was received with great marks of
his favour.

At this period Coxe gives the following character of him.
" Charles Viscount Townshend, who now took the lead in the
administration, had taken his seat in the house of peers in l6(j6 ;
and being of a Tory family, attached himself so strongly to that
party, that he signed the protest respecting the impeachment of
the Whig Lords. But his zeal for the Tories soon abated, and
even took a contrary direction, to which the representations and
conduct of his friend Walpole greatly contributed. He then at-
tached himself to Somers, and acted so cordially with the Whigs,
that when William formed a new administration, principally com-
posed of that party, a rumour was confidentially circulated, that
he was appointed privy-seal. In 1706, he was nominated one of
the commissioners for settling the union with Scotland; in 1707,
captain of the yeomen of the Queen's guard ; and in 1709 accom-
panied the Duke of Marlborough to Gertruydenberg, as joint ple-
nipotentiary, to open a negotiation for peace with France ; he was
deputed in the same year ambassador extraordinary to the States
General, and concluded with them the Barrier Treaty. Soon after
the change of the Whig administration, he resigned his embassy,
was removed from his post of captain of the yeomen, and censured
by the Tory house of commons for having signed that treaty.
During the early part of the reign of Queen Anne, on account of
his youth, he had acted only a subordinate part, and was not con-
sidered as one of the great leaders of the Whig interest j but towards
the close of that reign, his services and decisive conduct raised his
consequence 3 and he gained great accession of character with his
party, on being prosecuted at the same time with the Duke of
Marlborough.

u Though actually of slow parts, he had acquired from long
experience the talent that rendered him an able man of business,
which was the sole object of his ambition j he was rough in man-
ners, impatient of contradiction, of a sanguine disposition, impe-
tuous and overbearing j though inelegant in language, and often
perplexed in argument, yet he spoke sensibly, and often with a
thorough knowledge of his subject. He was generous, highly
disinterested, of unblemished integrity, and unsullied honour ;
initiated in diplomatic transactions during the congress at Ger-

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 46;

truydenberg and the Hague, he cherished too great an attachment
to negotiation, and fond of visionary schemes was too apt to pro-
pose bold and decisive measures, which the more temperate and
pacific disposition of Walpole was continually employed in
counteracting.

" During the two months, which immediately preceded the
Queen's death, and the interval which ensued between that event,
and the arrival of the king, he seems to have secured and governed
Bothmar, and the other Hanoverian agents in England; to have
supplanted Sunderland and Halifax, and to have obtained the en-
tire confidence of the King, of which he had previously acquired
a very distinguished share, by his great reputation for integrity
and talents, by the recommendation of Pensionary Heinsius, Slin-
gelandt, and other leading men of the Dutch Republic, and by
his uniform adherence to the cause of the Protestant succession.

* An early and intimate connexion had been formed between
Townshend and Walpole; they were distantly related, neigh-
bours in the same county, and^ educated at the same school ; they
joined the same party, acted under the same leaders, underwent
the same persecutions, and co-operated in the same opposition.
The marriage which Townshend had contracted with Dorothy
Walpole in 1713, drew closer the bonds of amity, and added an
union of blood to the connexions of party. Walpole had per-
formed too many essential services to the Hanover family, and
was too able a speaker in the house of commons, not to occupy a
distinguished situation at the accession of George the First, and
his connexion with Townshend facilitated his promotion.""

On December 12th, 17 16, the seals ° of secretary of state were
taken from him ; and January 23d, 1716-17, he was prevailed on
to accept the Lord Lieutenantcy of Ireland ; but declined going
over to that kingdom, and was dismissed on the 19th of April fol-
lowing, p On June 11th, 1720,1 he was constituted president
of the council, r and the same year was one of the lords justices in
his Majesty's absence.

On February 10th, 1 720-2 l/s he was again made principal

■ Coxe'sLifeofSirRW vol. i. p. 63.
*> He was dismissed by the intrigues of the Hanoverian junto, which ex-
cited the King's jealousy. Coxe, ibid, p ioz. Great discontents arose in
England and Holland at his disgrace.

p See Coxe, ibid. p. 107. q Gazettes, No 5859.

1 Coxe, ibid. p. 131. s Gazettes, No. 6171, and 6175.

468 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

secretary of state, l and the 26th of May, 1723, u on his Majesty's
going abroad, one of the lords justices of Great Britain ; and em-
barking with the King, x in his passage through Osnaburgh y was
very graciously received by the Duke of York. The deaths of
Stanhope and Sunderland served to remove all obstacles to the
power of Townshend and Walpole, who now became the great
leaders of the Whigs, and being strictly united both in blood and
interest, concentred in themselves the favour of the crown and
the confidence of their party. On July 9th, 1 724, being elected
a Knight of the most noble order of the Garter, z he was installed
at Windsor on the 28th of the same month. On June 1st, 1/25, a
he was likewise one of the lords justices, and waited on his Ma-
jesty that year at Hanover; from whence he returned to Rye
with the King, after a very dangerous passage, in stormy weather.
In 1727 b he was again one of the lords justices, and waited on
the King, c who arrived at Helvoetsluys d the 6th of June, and de-
parted this life the 11th following, atOsnaburg: thereupon his
Lordship returned, and waited on King Geo. II. on the 19th of
June. On July 24th ensuing, he delivered the seals of his office
of secretary of state to his e Majesty, when he was pleased to de-
liver them to him again j f after which, on September 5 th, s he
was appointed Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the
county of Norfolk, and city and county of Norwich. In 1729,
he also attended the King to Hanover. And on May 15th, 1730,h
resigned the post of secretary of state, of which our Gazette makes
this mention : " Whitehall, May l6th. The Right Honourable
the Lord Viscount Townshend having received his Majesty's per-
mission, resigned the seals of secretary of state on Friday last."

" The treaty of Seville," says Coxe, " was the concluding act
of Townshend's administration ; it was signed on the 9th of No-
vember 1729, and on the 16th of May he retired in disgust from

t Coxe says, " The death of Earl Stanhope and the accusation of Sun-
derland opened the way to the re-establishment of Townshend and, Walpole
in their places " Ibid. p. 159.

" Gazettes, No. 5928.
* Here he counteracted the intrigues ©f Carteret in the rivalry for the
King's favour. Coxe, ibid. p. 18a.
r Gazettes, No. 6167. z See an account of it, Coxe, ibid. p. 193.

• » Gazettes, No. 6378, and 6380. b Ibid. No. 6586.

c Ibid. No. 6588. - Ibid. No. 6591.

e Ibid. No. 6601. f See Coxe, ibid. p. 288.

« Gazettes, No. 6613. * Ibid. No. 6883.

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 469

the office of secretary of state. His resignation was owing to a
disagreement with his brother-in-law, and coadjutor, Sir Robert
Walpole, which had long subsisted. Jt had been occasionally
compromised by the interference of common friends, but finally
broke into a rupture, which rendered the continuance of both in
office incompatible. The causes of this misunderstanding were
various, and originated from the difference of their tempers, from
disagreement on subjects of domestic and foreign politics, from
political and private jealousy. Townshend was frank, impetuous,
and overbearing j long accustomed to dictate in the cabinet, and
fond of recommending violent measures. Walpole was mild, in-
sinuating, pliant and good-tempered : desirous of conciliating by
lenient methods, but prepared to employ vigour, when vigour was
necessary.

t{ The rough and impetuous manners of Townshend began to
alienate the King, and disgust the Queen. All the members of
the cabinet were no less dissatisfied with him. Newcastle in
particular was anxious to remove a minister, who absolutely di-
rected all foreign affairs, and who rendered him a mere cypher.
He wished to procure the appointment of Lord Harrington, who
already owed his peerage to him, and who, he flattered himself,
would act in subservience to his dictates.

" To these public causes of misunderstanding derived from a
desire of pre-eminence, a private motive was unfortunately added.
The family of Townshend had long been the most conspicuous,
and accustomed to take the lead as'the only one then distinguished
by a peerage in the county of Norfolk ; * "the Wal poles were
subordinate both in estate and consequence; and Houghton was
far inferior in splendour to Rainham. But circumstances were
much altered. Sir Robert Walpole was at the head. of the trea-
sury; a peerage had been conferred on his son ; the increase of
his paternal domains, the building of a magnificent seat, the ac-
quisition of a superb collection of paintings, a sumptuous style
of living, and affable manners, drew to Houghton a conflux of
company ; and eclipsed the more sober and less splendid establish-
ment of Rainham.

u Walpole had long been considered as the first minister in
all business relating to the internal affairs ; he was the principal
butt of opposition ; fbr the name of Townshend scarcely once oc-

s Query this assertion of Coxe ? The Pastons, Earls of Yarmouth, were
«ot extinct. And the Howards still retained possessions '.here.

470 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

curs in the Craftsman, and the other political papers against go-
vernment, while that of Walpole is seen in almost every page.

" His influence over the Queen had on the accession of
George II. prevented the removal ofTownshend. He managed
the house of commons, and was supported by a far greater number
of friends than his brother minister could boast, who had little
parliamentary interest, and still less personal credit. Walpole
felt in all these circumstances his superior consequence ;- he was
conscious that he should be supported by the Queen, and was un-
willing to continue to act in a subordinate situation ; while
Townshend, who had long been used to dictate, would not bear
any opposition to his sentiments, or any resistance to his views.
He considered his brother minister as one who had first enlisted
himself under his banners, and who ought to continue to act with
the same implicit obedience to his commands. Hence a struggle
for power ensued. k

"Townshend retired with the most unsullied character for in-
tegrity, honour, and disinterestedness, and gave several striking
proofs that he could command the natural warmth of his temper,
and rise superior to the malignant influence of party spirit and
disappointed ambition. He passed the evening of his days in the
pursuit of rural occupations, and agricultural experiments , his
improvements ameliorated the state of husbandry j his hospitality
endeared him to his neighbours, and the dignity of his character
ensured respect. Apprehensive of being tempted again to enter
into those scenes of active life, which he had resolved totally to
abandon, he never re-visited the capital, but died at Rainham in
1738, aged sixty-four." l

His Lordship married, first, Elizabeth, only issue of Thomas
Lord Pelham, father of his Grace Thomas Duke of Newcastle,
by his first wife Elizabeth, daughter and heir to Sir William
Jones, Knight, attorney general to King Charles II. Her Lady-
ship, who was heir to her mother, died on May 11th, 1711,
leaving issue a daughter, Elizabeth, married to Charles, first Earl
Cornwall is ; and four sons :

first, Charles, the third Viscount Townshend.

Second, Thomas, father of the late Viscount Sydney, for whom
sec that title.

Third, William, father of Lord Bayning, for whom see that
4itlc.

* Coxc, ibid. p. 332. Where see still farther details of this affair.
1 Ibid.

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 471

Fourth, Roger, youngest son, was captain of a troop of horse in
general Wade's regiment 5 and, on the death of his brother Wil-
liam, was chosen member of parliament for Great Yarmouth
aforesaid ; also was chosen for the same place, in the succeeding
parliament ; and in 1747 served for Eye, in Suffolk. On July
9th, 1743, he was appointed aid-de-camp m to his Majesty, and
was that year at the battle of Dcttingen ; and the 5tb of January,
1744-5, made governor of the forts and batteries of Yarmouth.
On February 28th, 1 747-8, he was made receiver general and
cashier ri of his Majesty's customs; he died August 7th, 17^0*
unmarried, and is buried at Chislehurst, in Kent, where an
handsome monument is erected to his memory, on which is this
inscription,

Hie jacet diuturno (quern summa tulit patientia et fortitudine)
morbo consumptus, Rogerus Townshend, Caroli nuper Vice
Comitis Townshend, ex Elizabeths prima conjuge, Thomae
Baronis Pclham de Laughton filia, filius; Portuum receptor
generalis ; Satellitem regiorum, dum per valitudinem militiae
operam dare licuit, centuriae praefectus ; in patriam sincere
et sapientur pius; amicis (quos studio tideli admodum et
officiosa coluit) propter severam probitatem, et ingenuam,
quae sentiret, eloquendi libertatem, singulari humanitate,
morumque et sermonis venustatequadam et lepore, conditam,
dilectissimus. Natus est 15 die Junij 1/08, 7 die Augusti
1/60 ccelebs obijt. Fratri charissimo atque amantissimo,
Thomas Townshend moerens posuit.

His Lordship married, secondly, in July 1713, Dorothy,
daughter of Robert Walpole, of Houghton, in Norfolk, Esq. and
sister to Sir. Robert Walpole, first Earl of Orford, who left him a
widower March 29th, 1726, by whom he had issue four sons,
and two daughters.

First, The Honourable George Townshend, who took to a
maritime life; in 17-*7, being commodore of a squadron of his
Majesty's ships in the West Indies, he took a large fleet of French
merchant ships; and on the 4th of February, 1755, was appointed
rear admiral of the White in his Majesty's navy ; he died August
9th, 1762, aged hfty-four.

Second, Augustus Townshend, who made several voyages to

°> Gazette, No 8231. ■ Ibid. No. 8721.

472 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

China, as chief supercargo and captain in the service of the East
India Company j in which station ho died at Batavia, unmarried,
in 1/46, having then the command of the Augusta.

Third, Horatio Townshend, who was in the late reign ap-
pointed a commissioner for victualling the royal navy, and conti-
nued in that office by the present King, until his death, which
happened at Lisbon (whither he had gone for the recovery of his
health) in February 1764, and was unmarried.

Fourth, Edward Townshend, prebend of Westminster, deputy
clerk of the closet to his Majesty, and dean of Norwich, who
died on January 27th, 1765 j in 17^7 > he married Mary, daughter
of brigadier-general Price, by whom he left issue one son, Ed-
ward, in holy orders, who married, March 23d, 1/85, Louisa,
daughter of the late Sir William Milner, Bart, j and five daughters,
Maiy, Elizabeth, Henrietta, who died unmarried, Charlotte, mar-
ried on May 12tb, 17/3, at Lambeth chapel, to John Norris, of
Whhton, in Norfolk, Esq. 5 and Lucy, who died unmarried.

Of his Lordship's two daughters, Dorothy., married in 1743, to
Dr. Spencer Cowper, late dean of Durham, only brother of Wil-
liam, Earl Cowper, and died 1779 without issue ; and Mary,
wedded to the late Honourable lieutenant-general Edward Corn-
wallis, member of parliament for the city of Westminster, go-
vernor of Gibraltar, and brother to Charles, late Earl Cornwallis,
and died without issue, December 29th, 1776.

Charles, third Lord Viscount Townshend, born July
11th, 1700, was, in his father's life-time, summoned to the house
of peers, by the stile and title of Baron Lynne, of Lynne Regis,
in the county of Norfolk, May 24th, 1723, in 9 George I. and
took his place according to his grandfather's patent of creation. °
Also on the same day his Majesty was pleased to appoint him one
of the gentlemen of his bed-chamber. And on June. 15th, 1730,
his Majesty appointed his Lordship Lord Lieutenant and Custos
Rotulorum of the county of Norfolk, and of the city of Norwich,
and county thereof, at the desire of his father the Lord Viscount
Townshend, who resigned to him. p And also the same day
granted to his Lordship the office of master, or treasurer of his
Majesty's jewels ; which, on succeeding his father in his honours
and estate, he resigned in 1738, as he had the places of Lord
Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum in January 1 739-40. His
Lordship erected and endowed at Raynham, a charity school, for

0 Gazette, No 6166. * Ibid. No 689a.

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 473

clothing and educating thirty boys, and twenty girls ; the latter to
be brought up in spinning. His Lordship departed this life on
May 12th, 1/64, in his return from Bath, whither he had gone
for the benefit of his health. In May 1723, his Lordship married
Audrey, daughter and sole heir of Edward Harrison, of Balls, in
the county of Hertford, Esq. formerly governor of Fort St. George,
in the East Indies, and by her Ladyship had issue a daughter,
Audrey, married to Robert Orme, Esq. who died February 1/81,
at Hertford, and five sons.

First, George, the late Marquis.

Second, Charles, seated at Adderbury, in Oxfordshire, cele-
brated for his brilliant talents, by which he distinguished himself in
a most eminent degree both in the senate and cabinet. He was
chosen member for the town of Yarmouth, in the parliaments
which first sat for the dispatch of business on November 12th,
174/, and May 1st, 1/54, and was returned for the borough of
Harwich, in Essex, to the parliament which convened on March
3d, 1761. He was, in conjunction with his brother, a sedulous
promoter of the laws for establishing a national militia, even
when the court seemed rather averse to that measure. In June
1749, he was constituted one of the commissioners of trade, and
the plantations 3 in June 1751, was appointed one of the commis-
sioners for executing the office of lord high admiral of Great Britain,
as he was also at a new nomination in 1754. In 1756 he was
declared treasurer of his Majesty's chamber, by which his seat in
parliament being vacated, he was soon after chosen for the borough
of Saltash, in Cornwall, and about the same time was sworn of
the privy-council. At the accession of his present Majesty he was
continued at the council board, and in his office of treasurer of the
chamber, which on March 24th, 1761 he quitted, on being ap-
pointed secretary at war. He resigned this office in February
17G3; and was on March first following, appointed first lord of
trade and the plantations; on June 8th, 1/65, he was constituted
paymaster general of all bis Majesty's land forces ; and on August
2d, 1766, was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer, and one of
the lords of the treasury, in which high post he continued to his
death, which happened on September 4th, 1767, <J being then
forty-two years of age.

" Charles Townshend," says Adolphus, " from whose splendid
abilities government was expected to receive a new impulse, and

q Ex Coffin Plate.

4;4 ■ PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

whose talents were employed in an attempt to rescue the admi-
nistration from the feebleness of fluctuating councils, was cele-
brated for that pointed and finished wit, which rendered him the
delight and ornament of parliament, and the charm of private
society. In his speeches he brought together in a short compass
all that was necessary to establish, to illustrate, and to decorate
that side of the question which he supported. He stated his matter
skilfully and powerfully ; his style of argument was neither trite
and vulgar, nor subtle and abstruse. He excelled in a most
luminous explanation and display of his subject. His defects arose
from his lively talents and exquisite penetration ; he readily per-
ceived and decried the errors of his coadjutors, and from the versa-
tility of his political conduct acquired the nickname of the Weather-
cock. He sat in parliament twenty years, and successively filled
the places of lord of trade, and of the admiralty, secretary at war,
paymaster of the forces, and chancellor of the Exchequer, in
which offices he executed business with such accuracy and dis-
patch, as demonstrated that genius and industry are not incom-
patible. He was carried off in the meridian of life, at the age of
forty-two, at a time when it might be hoped his lively talents
were matured by experience, and the irregular sallies of his versa-
tile temper subjected to the restraints of judgment." v

But it is impossible to refrain from giving some of those pas-
sages of splendid eloquence, from one of Burke's celebrated
speeches, in which this statesman's memory has been embalmed,
and from which indeed all other characters of him have been
borrowed. This great orator in his speech on American taxation,
after speaking of Lord Chatham, goes on thus :

" Even then, Sir, before this splendid orb was entirely set, and
while the western horizon was in a blaze with his descending
glory, on the opposite quarter of the heavens, arose another lumi-
nary, and for his hour, became lord of the ascendant.

r Reign of Geo. III. vol. i. p. 324- Bisset's opinion is not quite so fa-
favourable He says, * although he was a man of genius, he appears to have
been rather more fit for literary than political attainments ; or much more
anxious about currency of opinions than their weight. He was extremely in-
constant ; when the stamp act was popular in the house, he declaimed in its
favour ; when it lost its popularity, he voted for the repeal ; and when the
repeal was afterwards a subject of complaint, he proposed a new plan for rais-
ing a revenue. He took no time to form general and comprehensive viewsf
and had no fixed principles of policy. As an orator he was an ornament to
the house of commons ; but must have entirely changed his modes and habits,
before he could be a very advantageous accession to the councils of his country
as a principal statesman.'* Bisset'* Reign of Geo. III. vol. i. p 473.

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 475

" This light too is passed and set for ever. You understand,
to be sure, that I speak of Charles Townshend, officially the re-
producer of this fatal scheme (of American taxation) ; whom I
cannot even now remember without some degree of sensibility.
In truth, Sir, he was the delight and ornament of this house, and
the charm of every private society which he honoured with his
presence. Perhaps there never arose in this country, nor in any
country, a man of a more pointed and finished wit; and (where
his passions were not concerned) of a more refined, exquisite, and
penetrating judgement. If he had not so great a stock, as some
have had who flourished formerly, of knowledge long treasured
up, he knew better by far, than any man I ever was acquainted
with, how to bring together, within a short time, all that was ne-
cessary to establish, to illustrate, and to decorate that side of the
question he supported. He stated his matter skilfully and power-
fully ; he particularly excelled in a most luminous explanation,
and display of his subject. His style of argument was neither
trite and vulgar, nor subtile and abstruse. He hit the house just
between wind and water. And not being troubled with too
anxious a zeal for any matter in question, he was never more
tedious, or more earnest, than the pre-conceived opinions and
present temper of his hearers required ; to whom he was always in
perfect unison. He conformed exactly to the temper of the house ;
and he seemed to guide, because he was always sure to follow it.
There are many young members in the house (such of late has
been the rapid succession of public men) who never saw that
prodigy Charles Townshend, nor of course knew what a ferment
he was able to excite in every thing, by the violent ebullition of
his mixed virtues and failings, for failings he had undoubtedly ;
many of us remember them : we are this day considering the
effect of them. But he had no failings which were not owing to
a noble cause ; to an ardent, generous, perhaps an immoderate
passion for fame; a passion which is the instinct of all great
souls. He worshipped that goddess wheresoever she appeared;
but he paid his particular devotions to her in her favourite habita-
tion, in her chosen temple, the house of commons.

" That fear of displeasing those who ought most to be pleased,
betrayed him sometimes into the other extreme. He had voted,
and, in the year 1765, had been an advocate for the stamp act.
He therefore attended at the private meeting, in which the reso-
lutions moved by a Right Honourable Gentleman were settled ;
resolutions leading to the repeal : and he would have spoken for it

476 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

too, if an illness, (not as was then given out a political, but t©
ray knowledge a very real illness,) had not prevented it.

" The very next session, as the fashion of this world passeth
away, the repeal began to be in as bad an odour in this house, as
the stamp act had been in the session before. To conform to the
temper which began to prevail, and to prevail mostly amongst
those most in power, he declared, very early in the winter, that a
revenue must be had out of America. Instantly he was tied
down to his engagements by some, who had no objection to such
experiments, when made at the cost of persons for whom they had
no particular regard. The whole body of courtiers drove him
onward. They always talked as if the King stood in a sort of
humilitated state, until something of the kind should be done.

" Here this extraordinary man, then Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, found himself in great straits : to please universally was
the object of his life ; but to tax and to please, no more than to
love and to be wise, is not given to men. However he at-
tempted it.

u He was truly the child of the house. He never thought,
did, or said any thing but with a view to you. He every day
adapted himself to your disposition 5 and adjusted himself before
it as at a looking-glass.

" He had observed (indeed it could not escape him) that
several persons, infinitely his inferiors in all respects, had formerly
rendered themselves considerable in this house by one method
alone.

u The fortune of such men was a temptation too great to be
resisted by one to whom a single whiff of incense withheld, gave
much greater pain, than he received delight in the clouds of it,
which daily rose about him from the prodigal superstition of innu-
merable admirers. He was a candidate for contradictory honours 5
and his great aim was to make those agree in admiration of him
who never agreed in any thing else." *

On August 15th, 1755, he married Lady Caroline, eldest
daughter and coheir of John, Duke of Argyll and Greenwich,
widow of Francis, Earl of Dalkeith, eldest son of Francis, Duke
of Buccleugh ; by which lady, (who was created Baroness of
Greenwich, December 22d, 1766, with limitation of that honour
to her, sons, by the said Charles Townshend, Esq.) he left issue
two sons, Thomas Charles, born June 22d, 1758, who was found
dead in his marquee at Cox Heath camp, October 29th, 1782 ; he

• Burke's Speech on American Taxation. Works, vol n p. 423.

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 477

was captain in the forty-fifth regiment : and William John, born
March 2Q\h, 1761, who also died unmarried before his mother :
also one daughter, Anne, born June 29th, 1756, married, March
22d, 1779, Richard Wilson, Esq. bf whom she has issue. Lady-
Greenwich died in 1794, when the title became extinct.

Edward, third son, died of the small-pox, June 29th, 1731,
unmarried j , the fourth son, died young.

Roger, the fifth and youngest son, entered young into the
army, and at length attained the rank of lieutenant-colonel of foot,
in which station he was unfortunate killed by a cannon shot at
Ticonderago, in North America, July 25th, 1759, being then in
the twenty-eighth year of his age, and unmarried. His melan-
choly fate was universally lamented, and, together with his cha-
racter, is elegantly and justly described in the following inscrip-
tion, on a monument which has sinoe been erected to his memory
in Westminster Abbey.

This monument was erected by a disconsolate

parent, the Lady Viscountess Townshend,

To the memory of her fifth son,

The Hon. Lieutenant Colonel Roger Townshend, who was

killed by a cannon ball on the 25th of July 1759, in the 28th

year of his age,

As he was reconnoitering the French lines at

Ticonderago, in North America.

From the parent, the brother, and the friend,

His social and amiable manners,

His enterprising bravery,

And the integrity of his heart,

May claim the tribute of affliction.

Yet, stranger ! weep not 5

For though premature his death.

His life was glorious j

Enrolling him with the names of those immortal

Statesmen and Commanders

Whose wisdom and intrepidity,

In the course of this comprehensive

and successful war,

Have extended the commerce,

Enlarged the dominion,

And upheld the majesty of these kingdoms,

Beyond the idea of any former age.

478 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

George, the fourth Viscount and first Mar&uis, was
born on February 28th, 1723-4, and had his Majesty King
George I. as one of his sponsors. He was chosen one of the
knights of the shire for the county of Norfolk, in the parliament
which met on August 3d, 1747 ; being then colonel of a company
in the foot guards, and aid- de-camp to his Royal Highness Wil-
liam, Duke of Cumberland, both which he resigned in 1750. He
served under George II. at the battle of Dettingen; he served also
in the battles of Fontenoy, Culloden, and Lafeldt ; also at the
memorable siege of Quebec, which town surrendered into his
hands as commander in chief, after the fatal death of Wolfe. He
continued to represent his native county, till his accession to the
peerage, on the death of his noble father, on March 12th, 1764 -,
two years before which he was appointed lieutenant-general of the
ordnance, and on October 17th, 1772, his Lordship was appointed
master-general of the ordnance, from which he was removed in
1782, and again appointed 1783, and again removed in December
following. On August 12th, 176*7* his Lordship kissed his Ma-
jesty's hand at St. James's, on his being appointed lord lieutenant
and general governor of the kingdom of Ireland ; and embarking
at Holyhead, on October 13th, arrived at Dublin the next day,
and was immediately sworn into that high and important trust.
The first year of his presiding in that kingdom will be ever me-
morable in the history thereof, as productive of a bill for septen-
nial parliaments.

On October 27th, 1787, he was created Margluis Towns-

HEND.

His Lordship was colonel of the Queen's regiment of dragoon
guards, field marshal of his Majesty's forces, and one of his Ma-
jesty's most hononourable privy-council 5 governor of Jersey,
lord lieutenant, vice- admiral, custos rotulorum of Norfolk 5 high
steward of Tamworth, Yarmouth, and Norwich, kc. He died
September 14th, 1807, set. eighty-four.

In December 1751, he married, first, Lady Charlotte Compton,
only surviving issue of James, Earl of Northampton, by Elizabeth
Shirley, Baroness de Ferrars, by which Lady, who was in her own
right Baroness de Ferrars, Bourchier, Lovaine, Basset,
and Compton, he had issue four sons.

First, George, born April 18th, 1753, second Marquis.

Second, Lord John, born Jan. 19th, 1757 5 who in 178O was
elected member of parliament for the University of Cambridge ;
made a lord of the admiralty in 1782, and again in 1783 -3 on both

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 479

which occasions vacating his seat he was re-elected. In 1/88 he
was elected for the city of Westminster 5 and from 1793 to the
present time, for Knaresborough in Yorkshire. In February 1806,
he was appointed joint pay-master of the army, and a lord of trade
and plantations, from which he was removed in the spring of the
following year. He married, April 10th, 1787, Georgina Anne
Poyntz, daughter of William Poyntz, Esq. of Midgham, in Berk-
shire, who had been before the wife of Everard Fawkener, Esq.
which marriage was dissolved by act of parliament. By her he
has issue, first, Audrey Harriet, born February 1st, 1788 j second,
Elizabeth Frances, born August 2d, 1 789 ; third, Isabella Geor-
gina, born February 1st, 1791 J fourth, Jane, born September
28th, 1792 j fifth, Charles Fox, born June 28th, 1795; sixth,
Anne, born Aug. 31st, 1798 J seventh, John, born March 28th,
1799j eighth, Caroline, died young.

Third, Lord Frederick Patrick, born December 30th, 1767,
in holy orders.

Fourth, Lord Charles Patrick Thomas, born at Leixlip, in
Ireland, January 6th, 1768. He was elected member of parlia-
ment for Yarmouth 1 79^ j and died immediately afterwards, May
27th that year.

Also four daughters, Charlotte, Caroline, Frances, who all
died young, and Elizabeth, born on August 1766, married on
May 7th, 179O, lieutenant-general William Loftus, colonel of
the twenty-fourth regiment of dragoons, and governor of Dun-
barton Castle j and has issue.

Her Ladyship departing this life at Leixlip Castle, in com.
Kildare, on September 14th, 1770, her remains were brought
over to England, and interred on October 1st, amongst his Lord-
ship's ancestors at Raynham. She was succeeded in the Barony
of De Ferrars by her eldest son.

On May 19th, 1/73, his Lordship was married to his second
Lady, Anne, daughter of Sir William Montgomery, Bart, member
of parliament for BalJynakill, in the kingdom of Ireland ; and by
her had the following issue.

Lady Anne, born February 1st, 1775, married October 26th,
1795, Harrington Hudson, Esq.

Lady Charlotte, born March 19th, 1776, married August 9th,
1797 '» George William Frederick, present Duke of Leeds.

Lady Honoria Maria, born July 6th* 1777.

Lord William, born September 5th, 1778; a midshipman on
board the Boyne, died in the West Indies, 1794.

480 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Lady Henrietta, born April 20th, 1782.

Lord James Nugent Boyle Bernardo, born September 11th,
1785. A captain in the navy.

His Lordship was succeeded by his eldest son George, Earl
of Leicester, who thus became second Marquis Townshend.

His Lordship on his mother's decease succeeded to the titles of
Lord de Ferrars (of Chartley,) Lord Bourchier, Lovaine,
Basset, and Compton, being at that time seventeen years of age.
Soon after his coming of age, having demanded his writ of sum-
mons to the house of peers, as Baron de Ferrars, of Chartley,
he took his seat in that house in April 1774, being placed on the
Barons bench, according to the precedency of that ancient
Barony, between the Lord Audley and the Lord Dacre.

On December 24th, 1777* his Lordship was married to Char-
lotte, second sister and coheir to Roger Mainwaring Ellerker, of
Risby, in the East Riding of the county of York, Esq. and daughter
of Eaton Mainwaring Ellerker, Esq. of the same place, which
Eaton Ellerker, Esq. was paternally descended from a collateral line
of the very ancient family of the Mainwarings, of Over Peover in
the county Palatine of Chester, and assumed the name and arms
of the ancient family of Ellerker of Risby, by act of parliament,
pursuant to the will of his kinsman, Ellerker Bradshaw of Risby,
Esq. by which lady his Lordship has had issue, x three sons and
several daughters.

First, George Ferrars Townshend, styled Earl of Leicester,
born in Wimpole-street, Mary-le-bone, Middlesex, December
13th, 17/8, married, May 12th, 1807, Miss Gardner, daughter
of W. D. Gardner, Esq.

Second, Thomas Compton Townshend, born in Wimpole-
street, aforesaid, March 29th, 178O, died January 7th, 1787.

Third, Lord Vere Charles, an ensign in the third regiment of
foot-guards.

Fourth, Lady Charlotte Barbara, born at Pendley House, in
the parish of Aldbury in Hertfordshire, June 26th, 178I 5 married,
April 1805, captain Cecil Bishopp, of the first foot-guards, eldest
gon of Sir Cecil Bishopp, Bart, and died October 3d, 1807.

Fifth, Lady Harriet Ann, born in Upper Brook-street, Grosve-
nor-square, London, May 23d, 1782.

Sixth, Lady Elizabeth Margaret, born August 26th, 1784.

Seventh, Lady Arabella, born April 2d, 1787.

t Ex inform. Ceo. Mar. Townshend.

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 481

His Lordship on April 6th, 1/82, was appointed captain of the
honourable band of gentlemen pensioners to his Majesty, and on
the 24th of the same month sworn a member of his Majesty's
most honourable privy-council ; but resigned his command of the
band of gentlemen pensioners on April 6th, 1783, to which he
was re-appointed on December 31st following, and which he held
till December 1 790 ; was elected president of the Society of An-
tiquaries on April 23d, 1784; and on May 18th, following, was
advanced to the Earldom of Leicester, in consideration of his
being descended from the heirs female of both the Saxon and
Norman Earls of that county, as will appear by the following
account and subsequent genealogical table. In 1794 he was ap-
pointed joint post master general, which he held till 1798 \ and
in l/gg was constituted lord steward of the household, which he
retained till 1802.

Titles. George Townshend, Marquis Townshend, Earl of
Leicester, Lord de Ferrars, also Lord Bourchier, Lovaine, Basset,
and Compton.

Creations. Baron de Ferrars, of Chartley, in the county of
Stafford, originally by writ of summons to parliament, 27 Edw. I.
Baron Bourchier, by writ also 16 Edw. III. Baron Lovaine, by
writ 22 Edw. I. Baron Basset, of Drayton Basset, in the county
of Stafford, by writ 49 Hen. III. and lastly Baron Compton, (of
Compton,) in the county of Warwick, by writ 14 Elizabeth,
Baron Townshend of Lynn Regis, by letters patent April 20th,
1661, and Viscount Townshend ofRainham, December 2d, 1682;
Baron of Lynne, by writ May 24th, 1723 ; Earl of Leicester,
May 18th, 1784, and Marquis Townshend October 27th, 1787.

Arms. Quarterly, of six, 1st Azure, a chevron ermine, be-
tween three escallop shells, Argent, (Townshend,) 2d, France
and England, qoarterly, within a border, Argent j (Plantagenet of
Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester) 3d, Sable, a lion of England,
between three helmets, proper, garnished, Or, (Compton) 4th,
Paly of six, Or and Azure, a canton ermine, (Shirley) 5th, quar-
terly, 1 and 4, Argent, a fess, Gules, three torteaux in chief,
(Devereux) 2 and 3, Varre, Or and Gules, (Ferrars of Chartley)
6th, Gules, seven Mascles conjoined, 3, 3, and 1, (Ferrars of
Groby and Tamworth.)

Crests. On a wreath, a buck tripping sable, a hind proper.
Also out of a ducal coronet, Or, a swan rousant Argent, ducaliy
collared and chained of the 1st, holding in its beak Sable, an os-
trich feather of the 2dj (which crest was granted to his Lordship,
vol. 11. a 1

482 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

by sign manual of his present Majesty, in regard of his being the
direct lineal heir to Thomas Plantagenet, sirnamed of Woodstock,
Duke of Gloucester, sixth son to King Edw. III. whose cogni-
zance was a swan,»with an ostrich feather.) Also, on a wreath,
an unicorn passant ermine, armed, hoofed, maned and tufted, Or,
the crest of the family of Ferrars, of Tamworth ; also on a wreath,
a peacock's tail erect, proper -, the crest of the ancient Lords de
Ferrars, of Chartley.

Supporters. Dexter, a buck Sable, attired Argent. Sinister,
a greyhound, Argent.

Motto. Haec generi incrementa fides.

Chief Seats. At Tamworth Castle, in the county of War*
wick, and Rainham in Norfolk.

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND. 483

A Genealogical Table of the Descent of the Family of De Ferrars;

(To which the present Marguis To /nshend is the lineal Heir. J

From

The Saxon Earls of Leicester. The Norma n Earls of Leicester.

\lgar, 7th Earl of Leicester, died 1059. Robert Bellomont Earl of Leicester, died 11 18.

Lucia, only surviving sister and heir to Morcar Robert, id Earl of Leicester, died 1168.
and Edwin, Earls of Leicester, married Ra-
nulph de Meschines Earl of Chester-

Ranulph, 2d Earl of Chester, died 1153. Robert, 3d Earl of Leicester, Baron of Groby

and Hinckley, and Lord Steward of England-

Hugh, 3 Earl of Chester, died 1181. Margaret, sister and co-heir to Robert last Earl

of Leicester, married Saier de Quincey Earl
of Winchester.

Agnes, sister and co-heir to Ranulph, last Earl Roger Quincey Earl of Winchester, died with*-
of Chester, married William de Ferrars Earl out male issue,

of Ferrars asd Derby

William Earl of Ferrars and Derby, Baron of^Margaret, eldest daughter and co-heir of Roger
Tutbury and Chartley. Earl of Winchester.

I

Robert Earl of Ferrars and Derby, lost his estate William de Ferrars second son, 1st Baron of
in the civil wars, temp. H. III. died 1278. Groby.

John, 1st Baron of Chartley. "William, 2d Baron of Groby.

Robert, 2d Baron of Chartley, Henry, 3d Baron of Groby.

John, 3d Baron of Chartley. William, 4th Baron of Groby.

Robert, 4th Baron of Chartley. Henry, 5th Baron of Groby.

Edmund, ?th Baron of Chartley. William, 6th Baron of Groby.

I I

William, 6th Baron of Chartley. Thos. 2d son andhr male, L. of Tamworth

Ann, sole daughter and heir, married Walter Sir Thomas Ferrars, Knight.
Devereux, Baron of Chartley, jur. Ux.

Sir John Ferrars, Knight.
John Devereux, Baron of Chartley. |

I Sir John Ferrars, Knight.
Walter, created Viscount Hereford. I

Sir Richard Devereux, ob. V. P.

Sir Humphry Ferrars, Knight.
Sir John Ferrars, Knight-

Walter, created Earl of Essex.

Sir Humphry Ferrars, Knight.
Robert, 2d Earl of Essex. |

Sir John Ferrars, Knight-
Dorothy, sister and co-heir to Robert 3d
Earl of Essex, married Sir Henry Shirley. Sir Humphry Ferrars, Knight.

Sir Robert Shirley, Bart. John Ferrars, of Tamworth, Esq.

R. Baron of Chartley, created Earl Ferrers. Sir Humphry Ferrars, Knight, ob. V. P.

Robert Shirley, eldest son, ob- V. P =y= Ann Ferrars, heir to her grandfather.

a

Elizabeth Shirley, Baroness de Ferrars, &c married Jam. Compton, E. of Northampton.

Charlotte Compton, Baroness de Ferrars, &c. married Geo. Townshend, Vise. Townshend.

Geo Townshend, Baron de Ferrars, &c. created Earl of Leicester, i\ Geo. III. 18 May 1784, now
Marquis Townshend.

484 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

CECIL, MARQUIS OF SALISBURY.

Of the famous secretary, Sir Robert Cecil, the life is so con-
nected with our general histories, so full in all our books of bio-
graphy, and so universally known, that, as it would take a volume
to write it at length, so k would be tedious to give even an epitome
here. I have perhaps sometimes collected with too a painful a
minuteness the scattered notices of men, who though of some
celebrity in their day, have but obscurely survived the course of
time. This is not the case with Salisbury, for whose character no
new lights are wanted. ,

Robert, the younger son of Lord Burleigh, by Mildred Cooke,
was born about 1563, knighted 15QI, sworn of the privy-council,
made secretary of state, and afterwards master of the court of
wards. But he in vain aspired to a peerage during this reign. a

a Crooked as he was, he was, it seems, a man of some gallantry. In a
letter, 18th Sept. 1592, in Lodge's Illustr. vol. iii. p. 146, from W- Browne
to the Earl of Shrewsbury, is the following passage. " I send your Lordship
here inclosed some verses compounded by Mr. Secretary, who got Hales to
frame a ditty unto it. The occasion was, as I hear, that the young Lady
Derby,'' (wife of Earl William, daughter of Edward Vere, Earl of Oxford,)
«• wearing about her neck in her bosom a picture which was in a dainty tablet,
the Queen espying it asked what fine jewel that was. The Lady Derby was
curious to excuse the shewing of it ; but the Queen would have it, and open-
ing it and finding it to be Mr Secretary's, snatched it away, and tied it upon
her shoe, and walked long with it there ; then she took it thence, and pinned
it on her elbow, and wore it some time there also, which Mr. Secretary being
told of, made these verses, and had Hales to sing them in his chamber. It was
told her Majesty, that Mr. Secretary had rare music and songs; she would
needs hear them ; and so this ditty was sung, which you see first written.
More verses there be likewise, whereof some or all were likewise sung. I do

//tf/t.

MARQUIS OF SALISBURY. 485

The reign of honours soon approached. And King James
among the first created Sir Robert Cecil, on May 13th, 1603,
Baron of Essen don, in Rutlandshire. The next year August
20th, l604, he was made Viscount Cranbourne, com. Dorset,
and was the first of the degree of a Viscount, who bore a coronet.
On May 4th, 1605, he was created Earl of Salisbury. Dur-
ing this time he continued sole secretary of state, and on the
death of the Earl of Dorset was made lord high treasurer.

At length he was worn out with business, before his fiftieth
year. On February 17th, 1611-12, Sir John More writes to Sir
Ralph Winwood : u My. Lord Treasurer's malady doth daily in-
crease, to. the great discomfort of his friends and followers. He
hath, besides an ague, a defluxion of rheum upon his stomach,
and withall difficultatem respirandi ; and which is worst of all he
is melancholy and heavy-spirited ; so as it is on all hands con-
cluded, that his Lordship must shortly leave this world, or at least
disburden himself of a great part of his affairs. In this short time
of his Lordship's weakness, almost all our great affairs are come
to a stand, and his hand is already shrewdly missed : carendo
magis, quamfruendo, quod lonum est perspicimus."b

Mr. Finett writes to Mr. Trumbull, resident at Brussels, from
Hatfield, May 28th, 1612. " We left London the 27th of April,
with small hopes and less likelihood that such a journey could
profit, otherwise than in his Lordship's willingness, not the least
part of cure in sickness, to undertake it. By the way, of our six
days baits j (at Ditton, my Lord Chandois's , Caussam, my Lord
Knowlys'sj Newbury, Mr. Dolman's 5 Marlborough, Mr. Daniel's;
and Laycock, my Lady Stapleton's ;) his Lordship made many
stops and shifts from his coach to his litter, and to his chair, and
all for that ease that lasted no longer than his imagination. The
3d of May he arrived at Bath, and upon his first trials, (wherein,
as in the rest, he spent once a day but one hour of time, and en-
tered no farther than the navel,) he discovered such cheerfulness
of humour, riddance of pains, recovery of sleep, increase of ap-
petite, and decrease of swellings, as made our comforts grow to
the proportion of our affections, and promise ourselves a cure of

boldly send these things to your Lordship, which I would not do to any else ;
for I hear they are very secret. Some of the verses argue that he repines not,
though her Majesty please to grace others, and contents himself with the favour
he hath."

b Winw. vcliii. p 338-

4S6 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

that, which hath since told us was incurable. After some few
days joy for such blessed effects, the disease that had taken truce,
not peace, began again to discover its malignant qualities, brought
new melancholy faintings, and other dangerous symptoms so fre-
quent, as the intermissions that happened were interpreted but
for lucida intervalla. The bath was no more used as that which
had afforded the utmost virtue it had in making a kindly issue in
his leg for the drain of the humour, but was thenceforth, in the
speculation of his Lordship's then attending physicians, Dr.
Atkins, and Dr. Poe, held hurtful rather than profitable. So after
some sixteen days abode there, and three or four several affright-
ings that We should there have lost him, his Lordship was resolved
to return towards London with all his weakness -, and so did, the
Thursday before the Sunday the 24th of May, that he died at
Marlborough. His sickness, that was, as your Lordship must
needs have heard, hydropical, or rather scorbutical, c as they term
it, had been long and painfully lingering. In all that time his in-
comparable judgement and memory never failed him -, now and
then only nearest his end, and in the extremities of his fits, letting
fall some wandering words, but far from distracting passion, or
any ways offending j his soul and mind for heavenly resolution so
settled, and his profession that way expressed in often conferences
and prayers with Mr. Bowles, his household chaplain, so clear and
Christian, as brought joy in our sorrow., and in our greatest dis-
comforts full assurance of his best happiness.

" I must not forget to tell your Lordship, that the day before
our departure from Bath, my Lord Hay arrived there, sent pur-
posely from his Majesty, who not long before had received some
hopeful likelihoods of his recovery, with a token and a fair
diamond, set, or rather hung, square, in a gold ring, without a
foil, and a message accompanying it to this purpose: that th
favour and affection he bore him, was, and should be ever, as the
form and matter of that ring, endless, pure, and most perfect.
From the Queen he received, by the same hand, another gracious
message, and a token ; and, at the same time, the like remem-
brance from the Prince's Highness,, delivered by Sir John Hollis ;
all comforts and confirmations of his never otherwise than most
faithful and best deserving service.

" My Lord of Cranbourne, now Earl of Salisbury, posted

c Dr Mayerne pronounced it a complication of dropsy and scurvy. See
Winw vol. iii. p. 363.

MARQUIS OF SALISBURY. 487

down upon the news of his irrecoverable estate, having been, in,
obedience of my Lord's pleasure, till then absent, and had the
unhappy happiness of a son, to be at the closing of the eyes of his
most happy father. The body is this day brought, with the at-
tendance, all the way, of some thirty or forty of us, his servants, to
Hatfield, where the funeral, according to his will, is, at fit time,
to be solemnized." d

He said to Sir Walter Cope, in his last illness, " Ease and
pleasure quake to hear of death ; but my life, full of cares and
miseries, desireth to be dissolved." e .

As early as 1603, he had written to Sir John Harington, the
poet : u Good Knight, rest content, and give heed to one that hath
sorrowed in the bright lustre of a Court, and gone heavily even on
the best seeming fair ground. 'Tis a great task to prove one's
honesty, and yet not mar one's fortune. You have tasted a little
hereof in our blessed Queen's time, who was more than a man,
and, in truth, sometimes less than a woman. I wish I waited
now in your presence chamber, with ease at my food, and rest itl
my bed. I am pushed from the shore of comfort, and know not
where the winds and waves of a court will bear me. I know it
bringeth little comfort on earth ; and he is, I reckon, no wise
man, that looketh this way to heaven."f

The only character I shall insert of this nobleman, is that so
elaborately drawn by Dr. Birch, in his Historical View ; it being,
as Dr. Kippis observes, the result of particular knowledge and in-
vestigation.

" The Earl of Dorset, son of his predecessor, in a letter to Sir
Thomas Edmonds, * speaks with some severity of his memory.
" When great men die," says he, " such is either their desert, or
the malice of people, or both together, as commonly they are ill-
spoken of ; and so is one that died but lately, more, I think, than
ever any one was, and in more several kinds 3 and his death hath
wiped away the memory of other misdeeds, and, as it were, ex-
tinguished their faults, his being, if not greater, yet fresher in every

0 Winw. Mem. vol in- p. 367, 368. Sir John Finet, the writer of this

letter, was born at Westcliffe near Dover ; was brought up at court ; and in

1626 made master of the ceremonies. He was a wit and a poet, and died 1641,

aged seventy. He married Jane, daughter of Thomas Lord Wentworth, of

Nettlested. See Wood's Fast. vol. i p 270

« Biog. Brit. vol. iii p 411. Gutch's Collect. Curios, vol. i. p. 119, 132*

* Ibid. p. 412, Nugae Antiquae, vol-ii. p. 263, 264.

1 From Dorset House, June 2; d, 1612 Ibid, vol viii. p 61.

488 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

man's mouth and memory." But it will be but justice to the cha-
racter of so eminent a person as the Earl of Salisbury, to consider
him as he now appears to us from fuller and more impartial lights
than the ignorance or envy of his own time would admit of j and
which may be opposed to the general invectives and unsupported
libels of Weldon and Wilson, the scandalous chroniclers of the
last age.

" He was evidently a man of quicker parts, and a more spirited
writer and speaker than his father, to whose experience he was at
the same time obliged for his education and introduction into
public business, in the management of which he was accounted,
and perhaps justly, more subtle and less open. And this opinion
of his biass to artifice and dissimulation was greatly owing to the
singular address which he shewed in penetrating into the secrets
and reserved powers of the foreign ministers with whom he
treated j and in evading, with uncommon dexterity, such points
as they pressed, when it was not convenient to give them too ex-
plicit an answer."

His correspondence k with King James, during the life of
Queen Elizabeth, was so closely and artfully managed, that he
escaped & discovery, which would have ruined his interest with
his royal mistress, though he afterwards justified that correspon-
dence from a regard to her service. tc For what," says he, l
could more quiet the expectation of a successor, so many ways in-
vited to jealousy, than when he saw her ministry that were most
inward with her, wholly bent to accommodate the present ac-
tions of state for his future safety, when God should see his time ?"
He was properly a 6ole minister, though not under the denomina-
tion of a favourite, his master having a much greater awe of, than
love for him; and he drew all business, both foreign and do-
mestic, into his own hands, and suffered no ministers to be em-
ployed abroad, but who were his dependents, and with whom he
kept a most constant and exact correspondence j but the men
whom he preferred to such employments justified his choice, and
did credit to the use he made of his power. He appears to have
been invariably attached to the true interest of his country, being
above corruption from, or dependence upon, any foreign courts ;

h See the tecret correspondence published by the late Sir David Dal-
ryaiple, Lord Hailcs.

J Letter to Sir Henry Wootton, March 29th, 1608. Letters of the Sidney
Family, *ol.ii p. 326.

MARQUIS OF SALISBURY. 489

which renders it not at all surprising that he should be abused by
them all in their turns ; as his attention to all the motions of the
popish faction made him equally odious to them. He fully un-
derstood the English constitution, and the just limits of the prero-
gative} and prevented the fatal consequences which might have
arisen from the frequent disputes between King James I and his
parliaments. In short, he was as good a minister as that prince
would surfer him to be, and as was consistent with his own secu-
rity in a factious and corrupt court ; and he was even negligent of
his personal safety whenever the interest of the public was at
stake. His post of lord treasurer, at a time when the Exchequer
was exhausted by the King's boundless profusion, was attended
with infinite trouble to him, in concerting schemes for raising
supplies 5 and the manner in which he was obliged to raise them,
with the great fortune which he accumulated k to himself, in a
measure beyond, perhaps, the visible profits of his places, exposed
him to much detraction and popular clamour, which followed him
to his grave j though experience shewed, that the nation sus-

k " They that lived at court, and were curious observers of every man's
actions, could have then affirmed, that Salisbury, Suffolk, and Northampton,
and their friends, did get more than the whole nation of Scotland, Dunbar
excepted; whatever others got, they spent here; only Dunbar laid a founda-
tion of a great family, which did all revert into England again, with his
daughter's marriage with the house of Suffolk : so in truth all the water run
to their mills.

*' It is most true, that many Scots did get much, but not more with on«
hand than they spent with the other ; witness the Earls of Kelly, Annandale,
&c nay, that great getter the Earl of Carlisle also, and some private gentlemen,
as Gideon Murray, John Achmuty, James Bailey, John Gib, and Bernard
Lindley, got some pretty estates, not worthy either the naming or enjoying :
old servants should get some moderate estates to leave to posterity.

" But these, and all the Scots in general, got scarce the tythe of these
English getters, that can be said did stick by them or their posterity ; besides,
Salisbury had one trick to get the kernel and leave the Scots but the shell ;
yet cast all the envy on them- He would make them buy books of fee- farms ;
some ioo/- per ann. some ioo marks, and he would compound with them for
1000/ which they were willing to embrace, because they were sure to have
them pass without any controul or charge : and iooo/. appeared to them, that
never saw iq/. before, an inexhaustible treasure. Then would Salisbury fill
up this book with such prime land, as should be worth ioor 20,000/. which
was easy to him, being treasurer, so to do ; and by this means Salisbury en-
riched bimself infinitely, yet cast the envy on the Scots, in whose names these
books appeared, and are still upon record to all posterity ; though Salisbury
had the honey, they, poor gentlemen, but part of the wax. Dunbar only
had his agents, and could play his own game ; which they durst not cross. So.
was the poor King and state cheated on all hands." VVeldon, p. 59, 61.

490 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

tained an important loss by his death : since he was the only mi*
nister of state of real abilities during the whole course of that
reign. He has been thought too severe and vindictive in the treat-
ment of his rivals and enemies : but the part which he acted
towards the Earl of Essex, seems entirely the result of his duty to
his mistress and the nation. It must, however, be confessed, that
his behaviour towards the great but unfortunate Sir Walter
Raleigh,- is an imputation upon him which still remains to be
cleared up j and this, probably, may be done from the ample me-
morials of his administration in the Hatfield Library, which, with
those of his illustrious father, are a treasure which the public has
reason to regret should be longer confined there." l

Lord Salisbury married Elizabeth, sister to the unhappy Henry
Brooke, Lord Cobham, by whom, who died 15C)1, he had a
daughter, Frances, m married to Henry Clifford, Earl of Cumber-
land ; and an only son,

William, second Earl of Salisbury. In l6lO, he was in
France and Italy on his travels, where he was well received. He
was made K. B. 1004, and married December 1st, 1608, Lady
Catharine Howard, youngest daughter of Thomas Earl of Suffolk,
(sister to the wretched Countess of Essex and Somerset). He
was installed a Knight of the Garter, December 13th, 1 623, and
was afterwards captain of the gentlemen pensioners, and of the
privy-council to Charles I.

* The Earl of Salisbury," says Lord Clarendon, had been born
and bred in court, and had the advantage of a descent from a
father, and a grandfather, who had been wise men, and great mi-
nisters of state in the eyes of Christendom; whose wisdom and
virtues died with them, and their children only inherited their
titles. He had been admitted of the council to King James;
from which time he continued so obsequious to the court, that he
never failed in over- acting all that he was required to do. No
act of power was ever proposed which he did not advance, and
execute his part with the utmost rigour. No man so great a
tyrant in his country, or was less swayed by any motives of justice
or honour. He was a man of no words, except in hunting and
hawking. In matters of state and council, he always concurred

Historical View, p. 347 For a short Memoir of him, see Park's R. and
N. A. vol. ii p. 138.

m She died at York, February 4th, 1643, aged fifty. But see a quarto
M S in Coll. Arm. York Minster register, where it says she was buried there
March 13th, 1644.

MARQUIS OF SALISBURY. 491

in what was proposed for the King, and cancelled and repaired all
those transgressions, by concurring in all that was proposed
against him, as soon as any such propositions were made. Yet,
when the King went to York, he likewise attended upon his Ma-
jesty, and at that distance seemed to have recovered some courage,,
and concurred in all counsels which were taken to undeceive the
people, and to make the proceedings of the parliament odious to
all the world. But, on a sudden, he caused his horses to attend
him out of the town, and having placed fresh ones at a distance,
he fled back to London, with the expedition such men use when
they are most afraid ; and never denied to do any thing that was
required of him j and when the war was ended, and Cromwell
had put down the house of peers, he got himself to be chosen a
member of the house of commons j and sat with them as of their
own body, and was esteemed accordingly."11

He died December 3d, 1668, aged seventy-eight, having
eight sons and and five daughters ; of whom Lady Anne, born
1012, was married to Algernon Percy, Earl of Northumberland.
tl Fortune," says Osborne, '* did some years afterwards allot Lord
Northumberland's son, Lord Percy, a wife out of the family of
Salisbury, whose blood, the father said, would not mingle in a
bason, so averse was he from it."

James, eldest son, born June 15th, 1616, ° had that name from
King James his godfather, but died an infant.

Charles, second son, is ancestor to the present Earl of Salis-
bury j the others were

Robert, who married the daughter of Hopton.

Philip, married the daughter of Allen.

William, married t Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Lawley,
Bart.

Algernon was member of parliament for Old Sarum in the
reign of King Charles II. and having married Dorothy, daughter
of Sandford Nevile, of Chevet, in com. Ebor. Esq. died in 1677,
leaving an only daughter Diana, married to John, ** eldest son of
Sir Edmund Turnor, of Stoke Rochford, in the county of Lincoln,
Knight. She died March /th, 1736, aet. seventy-three, leaving
issue, from whom the family now of Panton House, in Lincoln-
shire, is descended.

» Clar. II. 209.
• Camden's Annals in Hist, of Engl, vol ii. p. 646.

•> Wotton's Baronetage, vol. ii. p. 262.
« Pedigree of Turnor of Lincolnshire, in Coll. Arm.

4g2 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Edward Cecil.

David Cecil.

The daughters were Lady Anne, r baptised in the Chapel Royal
at Whitehall, February 23d, 1612, married, as above-mentioned,
to Algernon Percy, Earl of Northumberland.

Elizabeth, to William Cavendish, Earl of Devonshire.

Catherine, to Philip Earl of Leicester.

Mary, to William Lord Sandes, of the Vine in Hampshire.
And Diana, died an infant.

Charles Lord Viscount Cranlourji, eldest surviving son, made $
Knight of the Bath at the coronation of King Charles the First ;
he died in his father's life-time, in 165Q ; and by Jane his wife,
daughter and co-heir to James Maxwell, Earl of Dirleton in Scot-
land, had seven sons and five daughters, viz.

Catherine, married to William Earl of Kinnoul in Scotland j
Frances, to Sir William Bowyer, of Denham-court, in the county
of Bucks, Bart. -, Diana, Penelope, and Elizabeth, all died young.
The sons were James Earl of Salisbury (of whom I shall further
treat) Robert, Charles, William, Edward, Henry, and George,
who all died unmarried. e

James, third Earl of Salisbury, succeeded his grandfather
William Earl of Salisbury, 1668. He was educated at St. John's
college in Cambridge j and Mr. Barnes, who was brought up with
him, declares on his knowledge, " that u he was for loyalty, gene-
rosity, and affability, most likely to advance the ancient and noble
name of Cecil to the utmost period of glory." On October 25th,
1669, he took his seat in the house of peers, x in which, as well as
without doors, he strenuously opposed the Duke of York's suc-
cession. On January 3d, \Q*jQ,v he was sworn of the privy-

r Seymour's Survey of London, vol. ii. p. 495,
• Anstis on the Order of the Bath, p- 76.

* Mr. Lodge, in his Peerage of Ireland, vol. ii. p. 200, mentions another
son, Philip, of Drumury, in the county of Cavan in Ireland, who died in Sept.
1684, leaving issue by his wife Nichola, eldest daughter and co-heir of Sir
Charles Hamilton, of Killishandra, in the county of Cavan, Knight, and Bart.
two sons and one daughter, Arthur, Hamilton, and Anne. Arthur Cecil Ha-
milton, of Castle Hamilton, Esq. the elder son, who became heir to his uncle,
Sir Francis Hamilton, Bart, the 16th of November, 1720, married the only
daughter of Thomas Connor, of Dublin, Esq. and had issue two daughters,
whereof Margaret, the eldest, married Thomas George, son and heir of
Thomas Lord Southwell. The said Nichola was afterward married to Arthur
Culme, of Lisnamain, in the county of Cavan, Esq.

u Barnes's Hist, of Ed. III. p. 75. * Journal. Dom. Procer.

y Hist, of Eng- vol iii. p. 356.

MARQUIS OF SALISBURY. 4g3

council to King Charles II. On August 31st, 168O, he was
elected a Knight of the Garter, and installed at Windsor Sep-
tember 30th following.

His Lordship died in June 1683 ; and having married Mar-
garet, daughter of John Manners, Earl of Rutland, by her had
five sons and five daughters ; Catherine, who married to Sir
George Downing, of East Hatley, in the county of Cambridge,
Bart, and dying August 13th, 1688, was buried in the family
vault in Crawden church, Cambridgeshire ; Frances, to Sir Wil-
liam Holford, of Welham, in the county of Leicester, Knight and
Bart, ; Mary, to Sir William Forester, of Dothill, in the county
of Salop, Knight, whom she survived, and died March 29th,
1740 ; Margaret, first to John Lord Stawel, and secondly to
Richard Jones, Earl of Ranelagh in Ireland, and died on February
21st, 1727-3, in the fifty-fifth year of her age ; and Mildred, the
youngest, was married to Sir Uvedale Corbet, of Longnor, in the
county of Salop, Bart, afterwards to Sir Charles Hotham, of Be-
verley, Yorkshire, Bart.

The sons were James, Robert, William, killed in France un-
married ; Charles, murdered at Rome unmarried; and George.

Robert, second son, who was a member for Wotton Basset in
1708, married Elizabeth, daughter and heir to Isaac Meynel, of
Langley Meynell, in the county of Derby, and relict of William
Hale, of King's Walden, in com. Hert. Esq. and died February
23d, 1715-16, leaving one daughter Margaret, married to Sir
Robert Brown, Bart, a merchant at Venice; and a son Charles,
successively bishop of Bristol and Bangor, who married Elizabeth,
daughter of Sir Martin Lumley, of Bradfield in Essex, Bart, he
died May 29th, 1737.

James, succeeded his father as fourth Earl of Salisbury,
in 1683. Being a convert to the Romish faith, he was, imme-
diately before the revolution in 1688, presented by the grand jury
of Middlesex as a popish recusant; and on October 26th, 1689,
the commons resolved that his Lordship and the Earl of Peter-
borough should be impeached of high treason, for departing from
their allegiance, and being reconciled to the church of Rome ;
but the prosecution was waved. He afterwards met with some
trouble, on a supposition that he was engaged in a scheme for the
restoration of King James II. but that suggestion not being proved,
his Lordship escaped prosecution : he departed this life in De-
cember 1694. He had to wife Frances, one of the three daughters
and co-heirs to Simon Bennet, of Beechampton, in the county of

4g4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Bucks, Esq. and by her, who died July 8tb, 1713, and2 was
buried the 15th of the same month, in the church of St. Giles's in
the Fields, Middlesex, had an only son.

James, fifth Earl of Salisbury, a who took his seat in the
house of peers June 19th, 1712 5 and his Lordship was constituted,
August 18th, 1712, Lord Lieutenant and Gustos Rotulorum of
the county of Hertford. On October 20th, 1714, assisting at the
coronation of King George I. he carried St. Edward's staff.

His Lordship married, February 12th, 17O8-9, the Lady Anne
Tufton, second daughter and co-heir to Thomas Earl of Thanetj
and dying on October 9th, 1728, aged thirty-seven, by her (who
died March 22d, 1757) left issue James his son and heir.

William, who died at Aix-la-Chapelle, in May 1740, un-
married.

And three daughters, Lady Anne, married to William Strode,
of Punsborn, in com. Hert. Esq. and died July 3d, 1752.

Lady Catherine, married on February 15th, 1736-7, to the
Right Hon. John Earl of Egmont, and died August 16th, 1752.

Lady Margaret, youngest daughter of the Earl of Salisbury,
died unmarried of the small-pox, at the Earl of Egmont's in Pall
Mall, March 16th, 175 1-2.

Which James, sixth Earl of Salisbury, was born on Oc-
tober 20th, 1713. His Lordship married in 1743, Elizabeth,
eldest of the two daughters of Mr. Edward Keet, of the city of
Canterbury, and sister to the Rev. John Keet, rector of Hatfield
in com. Hertf. by which Lady, who died at Kensington February
3d, 1776, aged fifty-five, and is buried at Hatfield in Hertford-
shire, he had issue James his successor 5

Lady Bennet, born in April 1747, and died at Hampstead in
Middlesex, November 19th, 1769, unmarried j and Lady Anne,
born in March 1 746.

His Lordship died on September 19th, 17SO.

His only son James, born September 4th, 1748, succeeded as
seventh Earl of Salisbury, and was advanced to the title of
Marquis of Salisbury, August 18th, 1789. He was appointed
lord lieutenant of the county of Hertford before his father's death ;
and then represented Bedwin in parliament. He married, De-
cember 2d, 1773, Lady Emily Hill, second daughter of Wills,
first Marquis of Downshire, by whom he has

* Le Neve's Monumenta Anglicana, vol. iv. p. 270.
• Journal Dom. Procer.

MARQUIS OF SALISBURY. 4g5

Lady Georgina Charlotte Augusta, born March 20th, 1/8(5.

Lady Emily, born July 13th, 1789.

James Mordaunt William, Viscount Cranbpurne, born April

17th, 1791.

In 1783, his Lordship was appointed lord chamberlain of the
household, which he held till 1804. In 1793 he was elected a
Knight of the Garter. He is also LL. D. and F. R. S. and high
steward of Hertford.

Titles. James Cecil, Marquis and Earl of Salisbury, Viscount
Cranbourn, and Baron Cecil of Essingdon.

Creations. Baron Cecil of Essingdon in the county of Rut-
land, by letters patent May 13th (1603) 1 Jac. I. and confirmed
August 13th following j Viscount Cranbourn in the county of
Dorset, August 20th, 2 Jac. I. and Earl of Salisbury in com.
Wilts, May 4th, (1605), 3 Jac. I. and Marquis of Salisbury,
August 18th, 1789.

Arms. Barry of ten, Argent and Azure, over all six escut-
cheons, 3, 2, and l, Sable, each charged with a lion rampant of
the field, a crescent for difference.

Crest. On a wreath six arrows interlaced, Or, heads and
feathers Argent, girt together with a bandage or belt, Azure,
garnished, Or, and over those arrows a Morion cap, Azure.

Supporters. Two lions, Ermine.

Motto. Sero, sed Serio.

Chief Seat. At Hatfield, in the county of Hertford.

496 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

THYNNE, MARQUIS OF BATH.

It appears from the evidences still extant among the writings of
this family, that their ancient name was Botevile ; and by this name
they held lands in the manor of Stretton, in Shropshire, for many
generations, from the time of King John, in whose reign the two
brothers, Sir GeofFry and Oliver Botevile, of considerable rank in
Poictou, came into England, in order to assist him against his
Barons, as Matth. Paris relates in his history.

Sir Geoffry, the elder brother, was the first that settled at
Stretton, on the lands given him by the Earl of Arundel (William
d'Albini) which have been ever since called Botevile's Lye, and
are still in the possession of one of that name. This Sir GeorTry
was, by King John, constituted governor of Belvoir Castle, in
Lincolnshire, which had been taken from that Earl. In the said
parish of Stretton did this family reside, from the said Sir GeofFry's
time, till Sir John Thynne, the elder, settled at Longleate, in
Wiltshire, retaining still his ancient lands in Shropshire.

William Botevile, his son, departed this life, A. D. 1256,
leaving a son John, whose name is recorded in an old roll among
the knights of Shropshire, who attended at the siege of Caerlave-
rock Castle. This Sir John Botevile had two sons, Sir Adam
Botevile, and Walter Botevile. Sir Adam was attainted of high
treason, for taking part with Thomas Plantagenet, Earl of Lan-
caster, at the battle of Boroughbridge, fought on March l6th,
1322.

Walter, his brother, left a son,

John Botevile, who had two sons, another John, and Walter
Botevile.

MARQUIS OF BATH. 497

The last-mentioned John was father of Thomas Botevile and
Hugh Botevile.

The said Thomas Botevile, the elder brother of Hugh, had
2 son,

Richard, the father of . .

William, who had a son,

Richakd, who was the father of

John Botevile, called, from his a residence in one of the inns
of court, John of Th' Inne, and thence came the surname of
Thynne, as now used. This John, according to Francis Thynne,
Esq. Lancaster Herald, married Joan, daughter of . . . . Boulder.
The issue of the said John of Th' Inne (who flourished in the
reign of King Edward IV.) were, first, Ralph Botevile (alias
Thynne) j second, Roger; and, third, Thomas.

Roger, the second son, was father of two daughters, viz. Eli-
zabeth, the wife of Richard Heynes, or Eynes, of Stretton, in
Shropshire, and Margaret ; and also of a son, William, the father
of Thomas Thynne, of Deverell, in Wiltshire, who married Eli-,

zabeth, daughter of . Done, and was alive in the year \Q25K

t>eing then very old.

Ralph Botevile, or Thynnb, the eldest son of the said
John ofTK Inne, married Anne, (or Joan according to some pe-
digrees) daughter of John Higgons, of Stretton i and by her had
three sons, first, Thomas Thynne j second, William ; and, third,
Richard; and likewise a daughter, Agnes, wedded to William
Bowdlier, of the county of Worcester. . ,

William Thynne, alias Botevile, second son of Ralph, was
master of the household to King Henry VIII. He was a learned
and ingenious man ; educated at Oxford ; who collecting together
all the ancient copies of Chaucer, took great pains to correct and
amend them, and put forth an edition of his works, with notes, in
folio, 1542, which had been partly and imperfectly done several
years before by William Caxton. b He died onc Aug. 10, 1546,
and had sepulture in the church of All- Hallows, Barking, Great
Tower-street, London, on the north side of the communion table,
where was a marble grave-stone, with his effigies of brass inlaid,
and that of his wife, Anne, daughter and coheir of William

a Observations on Parish Registers, by Ralph Bigland, Esq the late
Garter King of Arms, p 5, 6.

b Wood's Ath. vol. i. p 61.
c Stow's Survey of London, Edit. 163J, fol 132.

VOL. II. 2 K

■4Q8 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Bawde, together with those of their four children. These were,
first, Francis Thynne, Esq. Lancaster Herald, before- mentioned,
who was bred at the University of Oxford, and became very well
versed in the antiquities of his country, as his manuscript collec-
tions in the British Museum, &c. evidence, and died in l6u,

without issue, by , his wife, daughter of Rivers. He

assisted Speght in his second edition, 1602, of Chaucer's works,
which he had previously published in \5gj, with the notes of
John Stow, founded on the edition of W. i hynne the father. He
was also the continuator of the Annals of Scotland in Holinshead's
Chronicles. d Second, Elizabeth, married to Thomas Pigott, Esq.
Third, Anne, to Richard Maudley, of Nunnye, in Somersetshire,
Esq.; and, Fourth, Isabel, to George Pagett, Esq.

Thomas Thynne, of Stretton, the eldest son of Ralph Bote-
vile, or Thynne, married Margaret, daughter, and at length heir
of Thomas Eynes, or Heynes, of Stretton, Esq. by Joyce his wife,
iole daughter and heir to Humphry Gatacre, who was esquire of
the body to King Henry VI. and married Eleanor, daughter and
heir of Richard Blyke, Esq. And the said Humphry's father,
John Gatacre, married Joyce, daughter and heir of Sir John Burley,
son of Sir Roger, son of Sir John Burley, who married Amicia,
daughter of Sir Richard Pembruge, Knight of the Garter.

By this match the present Marquis of Bath is intitled to
quarter the arms of Eynes, Blyke, Fylelode, Astley, Gatacre,
Burley, and Pembruge, all very ancient and considerable families
in the counties of Salop and Hereford ; the two last being emi-
nent for having Knights of the Garter descended from them in
the reigns of Edward III. and Richard II.

The said Thomas Thynne, of Stretton, by Margaret his wife,
aforesaid, had issue, first, Sir John Thynne, founder of the mag-
nificent structure at Longleate ; second, William Thynne, or
Botevile, Esq. who, in 1546, was made receiver of the marches,
and dying on e March 14th, 1584, was buried in the south aisle of
Westminster Abbey, where there is a monument of marble and
alabaster, with his representation, and an inscription, shewing that
he was a great traveller, a brave soldier, and a devout christian ;
and, third, Joan, wedded to John Chelmick, of Ragdon, in
Shropshire.

<i Wood's Ath. vol. i. p 37*.
• Seymour* Surrey of London, rol. ii p 559. And Wood's Arh vol. i.
p. 62

MARQUIS OF BATH. 4gg

The books of the building of Longleate are at this time re-
maining there, which shew that the foundation began to be laid
in January 156/, from which time the building was carried on to
1579, so that twelve whole years were spent before it was finished.
This is said to be the first well built house in the kingdom. The
front is 220 feet, and the sides upwards of 180, and very noble
cellars the length of the front of the house. The stone and
timber were all his own j and besides carriage, and days of gift, it
cost 6016/. 13s. Qd. as it appears from three old folio books of the
building of Longleate. f

Sir John Thynne, the founder of that edifice, was knighted
by the Duke of Somerset (to whom he was secretary) in the
camp before Roxburgh in 1547," having been in the great battlQ
of Musselburgh on September 10th, and the siege of Leith, in,
Scotland; and in 1550 obtained a grant of the manor of Kemps-
ford, in com. Glouc. In the first year of Queen Elizabeth, he
served in parliament for Wiltshire, and afterwards for Heytes-
bury in that county. * By his last testament, dated at Longleate*
on May 6th, 1580, (the probate whereof is on November 12th
follov. ing) he orders his body to be buried in the church of De-
verell Langbridge, in the county of Wilts, and that a convenient
tomb be made for him and his late wife in the said church, ac-
cording to a plot thereof, made and signed with his own hand, and
to the value of 100 1. He bequeaths to John Thynne, his eldest
son, the present possession of his house at Longleate, with the in-
heritance thereof j as also of all other manors, according to a con-
veyance made by him in his life time 5 and constitutes him sole
executor, provided he gives security for the performance of his
will, in the sum of 10,000,/. And ordains the lord treasurer of
England (whom he trusts will take it on him, in respect of the
friendship that had been between them of old time) together with
Sir Amias Paulet, Knight, overseers. He further wills, that
Francis, Thomas, Egremont, Henry, Charles, Edward, and Wil-
liam, his sons, enjoy all such lands and annuities, which, by his
deed, or this his will, he had conveyed and assured to thrm j and
bequeaths to Elizabeth, his daughter, two thousand marks ; also

I See Gilpin's Western. Tour, p. 125, for a short character of this place
He says the Architect was John of Padua: but I do not perceive this building
assigned to that artist in Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting.

e See a saying of his in answer to a sarcasm on his great and sudden
wealth in Fuller's Worthies, Wilttbire* p 164.

500 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

to Catharine, and Gresham, his daughters, a thousand marks each ;
and to every other of his daughters, a thousand marks j likewise
to Dorothy Cole, the daughter of his son-in-law John Cole, and
Anne his wife, 100/.

He bequeaths to Dorothy, his wife, the third part of all his
plate and household stutf at Longleate, and Corseley, in Wilts,
and the two other third parts, to him, her, or them, of his blood,
that, after his decease, ought to have the lawful possession of his
freehold at Longleate ; and that all his said plate, hangings,
bedding, &c. remain and be heir-looms to such persons as shall
or ought to have the freehold of his house at Longleate; and that
an inventory be made thereof, within one month after his decease,
to be filed to his will, and to remain on record with the probate
of his will. He died on May 21st, 1580. At his funeral sixty
gowns were given to so many poor men, which cost 72/. 12$.
Sixty-one mourning suits were given to so many servants -, also
cloaks were given to a great number of gentlemen for mourning
gowns, which came to a great sum of money. He was attended
by the heralds with pennons, and a great number of escutcheons,
&c. The whole sum came to 320/. 85. 3d. as appears from the
bill indorsed by Sir John Thynne, and was in those days a great
gum. His body was carried to the church of Deverell Langbridge
an a waggon, there being then no hearses. He has a monument
in that church, which shews that he was seneschallus hospitii to
the Duke of Somerset, and a keen stickler for the reformed reli-
gion even in the time of Queen Mary.

He married, for his first wife, Christian, daughter of Sir
Richard Gresham, Knight, Lord Mayor of London, and sister and
heir to Sir Thomas Gresham, Knight, who founded and endowed
Gresham College, and built the Royal Exchange, in London : and
by her had issue,

First, John, his heir.

Second, Francis Thynne, Esq. of Kempsford, in Gloucester-
shire -, who by Alice, his wife, daughter of Arthur Knocker, of
|he county of Stafford, Esq. was father of Francis Thynne, Esq.
of Heldersley, in the aforesaid county j and, by Eleanor, his wife,
daughter of Richard Rogers, had an only daughter, Eleanor,
living A.D. 1620.

Third, Thomas Thynne, Esq. seated at Bilson, in Stafford-
shire.

Fourth, Anne, espoused to John Cole, of Devonshire, and of
Barton, in Somersetshire, Esq.

MARQUIS OF BATH. 501

Fifth, Dorothy, the wife of John Strangways, of Melbury,
Esq. h She was buried at Melbury Sampford, in Dorsetshire,
September 25th, 1592.

Sixth, Elizabeth, married to Sir John Chamberlain, of Prest-
bury in Gloucestershire.

And, seventh, Catharine, wedded to Sir Walter Long, of
WraxhalJ, in Wiltshire j besides four daughters, Frances, Chris*
liana, Maria, and Frances, who died unmarried.

Sir John's second wife was Dorothy, daughter of Sir Williahi
Wroughton, of Broadhinton, in the county of Wilts, Knight, and
by her he had,

First, Sir Egremont Thynne, serjeant at law, who married
Barbara, daughter of Henry Calthorp, son of Anthony, and
brother to Martin Calthorp, Lord Mayor of London.

Second, Henry Thynne, of Kingwood, in Wiltshire, Esq.

Third, Charles, of Chedder, in Somersetshire, Esq.

Fourth, Edward Thynne, who, by Theodosia, his wife, daughter
of Roger Manners, had a son of his own name.

Fifth, William Thynne, Esq. who wedded Alicia, daughter of

Talbot, and by her was father of one son, William, who

married Mary, daughter of Anthony Weoly, of Hampden, in
Gloucestershire.

And a daughter, Dorothy, the wife of Wrightson, of

Ampthill, in Bedfordshire.

And, Catharine, maid of honour to Queen Elizabeth.

John, the eldest son of Sir John Thynne, the founder of
Longleate, succeeded to that estate, &c. and received the honour
of knighthood from King James I. at the Charter House, in
London, on May 11th, lfj03, four days after his Majesty arrived
there, from Scotland, to take possession of the English crown,
which descended to him by hereditary right. Sir John married.
Joan, youngest daughter' of Sir Rowland Hayward, Knight, who
was twice Lord Mayor of London, (and lies interred in the church
of St. Alphage, near Cripplegate, in that city, where a monu-
ment stands erected to his memory.) This Lady was coheir to her
mother, Joan, daughter and heir of William Tylisworth, and
brought with her Caus castle, the manor of Stret ton-all, in Shrop-
shire, and other lands. By her Sir John, at his death, which

h Hutchins's Dorsetshire, vol. i. p. 510.
1 Her sister was mother of Hayward Townshend. See art. Townshend,
ante.

502 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

happened on Nov. 21st, 1604, left two sons and two daughters*
viz. Sir Thomas Thynne, his successor -, John Thynne, seated at
Church Stretton.

Dorothy, married to Roscorrock, of the county of

Cornwall.

And Christian, the wife of Francis Leigh, of Addington, in
Surry.

The said John Thynne, second son, seated at Church Stretton,
in Shropshire, wedded Susanna, daughter of Robert Rawson, of
the town of Shrewsbury ; rmd by her was father of three sons,
and a daughter, viz. first, John Thynne, who was seated at Egham,
in Surry j second, Walter Thynne 5 third, Thomas Thynne 5 and,
fourth, Dorothea. Thomas Thynne, the third son, who was
seated at Botevile, in Shropshire, espoused Mary, daughter of

Goodfellovv ; and by her had issue, Thomas Thynne, James

Thynne, and Mary, married to Urrey, of London. John

Thynne, seated at Egham,' in Surry ; the eldest son of John
Thynne, of Church-Stretton, aforesaid ; married Elizabeth,
daughter and coheir of Sir Henry Manwaring j and by her was
father of John Thynne, his heir ; Thomas, Edward, James, Ro-
bert, Anne, the wife of Dean Harrison, of Hurst, in Berkshire 5 and
Arabella. The said John Thynne, eldest son of John Thynne, of
Egham, had to wife Judith, daughter and coheir of John Balston,
of Strelly, in the county of Nottingham, and by her was father of
John Thynne j Thomas Thynne; and also of two daughters,
Judith and Elizabeth.

Having thus deduced the progeny of John Thynne, of Church
Stretton, in Shropshire, second son of Sir John Thynne, of Long-
leate, by his wife Joan Hayward, we now recur to his eldest son
and heir

Sir Thomas Thynne, who was twice married ; first, to Maria,
daughter of George Lord Audley, by Lucia his wife, daughter
and heir of Sir James Mervin, of Fontell, now wrote Eonthill, in
Wiltshire ; and, secondly, to Catharine, daughter of Charles
Howard, brother to the Viscount Bindon. By this last lady, who
was buried on May 23d, 1050, in King Henry VlJth's chapel,
Westminster Abbey, near the steps of the Duke of Richmond's
monument, Sir Thomas Thynne had three sons, and a daughter,
Elizabeth, married to Sir Thomas Nott, of Richmond, in Surry.
The sons were, first, William, who was aged seven years, A.D.
1623, and died unmarried; second, Sir Henry Frederick Thynne,
of Kempsford, in Gloucestershire, of whom more fully afterwards,

MARQUIS OF BATH. 503

as continuator of the male line, and ancestor to the present Mar-
quis j and, third, Theophiius, who was four years of age in 1623,
and died without issue.

Sir Thomas Thynne, by his first Lady, Maria, before-men-
tioned, was father of three sons :

First, John, who died unmarried.

Second, Sir James Thynne, his successor, who died at Rich-
mond, in Surry, on October 12th, 16/0, without issue by his wife,
Lady Isabella, daughter of Henry Rich, Earl of Holland, who
was beheaded by the rebels, on March yth, 16-J8-C).

And, third, Sir Thomas Thynne, who was seated at Rich-
mond, in Surry 3 and by Stuart, his wife, daughter and coheir of
Dr. Walter Balquanquill, k Dean of Durham, and master of the
Savoy, was father of

Thomas Thynne, of Longleate, of whose foul murder, on
February 12th, J 681-2, by the means of Count Conigsmark,1
his monument gives a full account j and also of two daughters,
Stuart, married to Sir Edward Baynton, of Bromham Baynton, in
Wiltshire, Knight of the Bath at the coronation of King Charles II.
A. D. 1061, and Elizabeth, to John Hall, of Bradford, in the same
county, Esq.

There is a tomb of white marble for the said Thomas Thynne,
Esq. at the west end of the south aisle of Westminster Abbey,
whereon his effigies is cumbent, and on the front, cut in relievo,
the figure of him in his coach, with three assassins, one stopping
the horses, and a second securing the footman behind, whilst a
third shoots him j as was his cruel case.

It was performed at the cost of his executor and brother-in-
law, John Hall, Esq. and a Latin inscription was prepared, and
intended to be engraved on it -, but Dr. Thomas Sprat, Bishop of
Rochester, and Dean of Westminster, when the said monument
was erected, haying the perusal thereof, he thought some passages
in it offensive to the then government, and therefore would not

k Dr Walter Balcanquill married at Bishopsbourne in Kent, on Sep-
tember 21st, 1624, Elizabeth, widow of Sir William Hammond, of St. Albans
Court in East Kent, Knight, daughter of Sir Anthony Aucher, of Bishops-
bourne* by Margaret, daughter of Edwin Sandys, Archbishop of York. There
is a portrait of Lady Thynne by Corn, Jansen among Mr Hammond's pic-
tures But it seems clear, from the time, that Lady Thynne could not be
Lady Hammond's daughter, but must have been by a former wife of Dr.
Balcanquill

1 A Swedish nobleman ; the brother of Konigsmark, the supposed gallant
of Sophia of Zell. See Coxe's Sir R. Walpole, vol. i p. 267.

504 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

suffer it to appear on the monument : so that there was only this
inscription :

Thomas Thynne, of Longleate, in the county of Wilts, Esq.
who was barbarously murdered on Sunday the 12th of Fe-
bruary, 1682.

The inscription the Bishop of Rochester would not permit, as
before-mentioned, is as follows :

Juxta hoc Marmor,

Immaturo fato extinctus, jacet

Thomas Thynne, de Long Leate in Agro

Wiltoniensi, Armiger :

Vir, illustri generi, haud dispar,

Cui magnas facultates Familia,

Majorem animum Natura dederat,

Religionem a Romanensium corruptelis vindicatam,

Et jura Patriae, ac Civium Libertatem,

Non semel suae fidei a Comprovincialibus commissa,

Nee minus Majestatem Imperii Britannici,

Summo studio coluit et propugnavit.

Uxorem duxit Elizabetham Comitissam de Ogle,

Antiquissimae ut et Illustrissimae familiae de Percy,

Northumbriae Comitum Filiam et Heredem

Unicam.

Hinc illae Lacrymae.

Summae Felicitatis summa Invidia semper est Comes.

In unius Caput conjurarunt -

Germanus, Suecus, et Polonus,

Nomina marmore indigna :

Quorum duo erant e satellitio Caroli Comitis

De Conningsmarke.

Heu ! quam nefarium scelus moliebantur

Homines ad vim et caedam delecti ?

Cui Patrando unus non suffecerat populus,

Tres Armati, equis insidentes, et tenebris cooperti,

Unicum inermem, Curru sedentem, et nihil mali

suspicantem,

Qaatuorque plumbeis adoriuntur globis in viscera

displosis,

Totidem cmigranti animae exitum aperuere.

MARQUIS OF BATH, j 505

Sed Scelus a tergo sequitur Vindicta;

Sicarii, non sine numine deprehensi,

Manifesti criminis, quod Germanusjussit,

Polonus exequebatur, in snbsidiis collato Sueco,

Damnati laqueo omnes periere:

Quin et ipse Comes de Conningsmarke,

Sceleris non solum ut conscius, sed et author

postulatus,

Et a turpi fuga retractus, capitis judicium subiit :

Verum juratorum suffrages crimine solutus evasit ;

In quem tamen ex reis duo ad mortem

Usque facinus rejecerunt,

Tertius silere maluit.

There was an extraordinary friendship between this Mr.,
Thynne (who served in four parliaments for Wiltshire) and the
Duke of Monmouth. His Grace had been often with him at
Longleate; and, as a testimony of his particular respect, Mr,
Thynne gave him his fine set of Oldenburgh coach horses. Mr.
Thynne made the new lane near Longleate which goes to Frome,
planted the elms there, and made it a good hard way j and also
made several advantageous and ornamental alterations in the
house. He likewise built a handsome stable on the middle of the
hill in the park, for his hunting horses, which the second Vis-
count Weymouth having no occasion for, ordered to be pulled
down. He lived very magnificently, but, on his death, some
manors and farms, which he had by inheritance from his father
Sir Thomas Thynne, were disposed of by his executor before-
mentioned.

The male issue of Sir Thomas Thynne, of Longleate, by his
first wife, Maria, daughter of George, Lord Audley, thus termi-
nating, we return to

Sir Henry Frederick Thynne, of Kempsford, aforesaid,
eldest surviving son of the said Sir Thomas Thynne, by his second
lady, Catharine, before-mentioned. This Sir Henry Frederick was
born on March 1st, l6l5j and Anne, the royal consort of King
James I. being his god-mother, gave him the additional name of
Frederick, being that of her father the King of Denmark and
Norway. Thomas Howard, the first Earl of Suffolk, was one of
his godfathers, and in his letter to Sir Thomas Thynne, the father,
calls him and his lady cousins. This Sir Henry Frederick Thynne
was created a Baronet, by letters patent, bearing date July 15th*

500 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

1641 : he departed this life at Kempsford, where he had resided,
and his remains, with those of his lady, were there deposited,
and a plain stone laid over them. By Mary, his wife, daughter
of Thomas the first Lord Coventry, he had issue,

First, Sir Thomas Tbynne, his heir.

Second, James Thynne, of Buckland in Gloucestershire, who
was created LL. D. by the University of Oxford, A. D. 1677;
was one of the representatives for the borough of Cirencester, in
the parliament which convened on February 10th, I/OO-l, and
departed this life, unmarried, on March 15th, 17O8-9.

Third, Henry Frederick Thynne, of whom afterwards, as an-
cestor to the present Viscount Weymouth.

Fourth, John, who died unmarried.

Fifth, Mary, wedded, on August 12th, 1 673, in Henry Vllth's
chapel, Westminster Abbey, to Sir Richard How, of Wishford,
in Wiltshire, Bart.

And, sixth, Catharine, married, on December 3d, 1074, to Sir
John Lowther, afterwards Viscount Lonsdale.

Sir Thomas Thynne, the eldest son of Sir Thomas Thynne,
Bart, inherited not only the family estate at Kempsford, &c. but,
on the murder of Thomas Thynne, of Longleate, Esq. as before
related, succeeded to all his possessions, by virtue of an entail
made by his uncle Sir James, who died at Richmond in Surry, on
October 12th, 1670. He was born in the year 1640; the day he
would never let any of his family know. He was educated at
school under the famous William Burton, who wrote the Com-
mentary on Antoninus s Itinerary, &c and under him he acquired
such a taste of the Roman antiquities of this kingdom, as never
after left him. His other school master was Dr. Triplet, another
eminent man, who published Lord Falkland's book of Infallibility.
But the very learned and pious Dr. Henry Hammond, and Dr.
John Fell (afterwards Bishop of Oxford) were at last the chief
directors of his studies \ the latter especially, whilst he was at
Christ church in Oxford.

When Sir Heneage Finch was made lord keeper, on No-
vember 9th, 1673, this Thomas Thynne, Esq. then seated at
Drayton, in com. Salop, was in his place returned one of the
members of parliament for the University of Oxford in January
following j and was one of the representatives for Tamworth,
whilst he continued a commoner. In November 1679, ne was
chosen honorary steward of Sutton Coldfield, in com. Warwick*
In consideration of his great merits he was created Bakojt

MARQUIS OF BATH. 50/

Thynne, of Warminster, in the county of Wilts, and Viscount
Weymouth, in the county of Dorset, on December 1 ith, 1682,
34 Car. II. with limitation, for want of issue male, to James, and
Henry Frederick Thynue, his brothers. He married the Lady
Frances Finch, eldest daughter of Henenge, second Earl of Win-
chelsea, and of Mary his wife, daughter of William Duke of
Somerset, by the Lady Frances Devereux, his wife, sister and one
of the coheirs of Robert Earl of Essex, her brother. m By that
match he had a son, Henry, his heir apparent; William, who
died an infant ;

And a daughter, Frances, married to Sir Robert Worsley, of
Appledure combe, in the isle of Wight, in the county of South-
ampton, Bart, (by whom she was mother of Frances, the first
lady of John late Earl Granville ; and of Thynne Worsley, Esq.)
This lady, to whose illustrious descent were added a fine person,
and delicate understanding, died on April 2d, J 750.

His Lordship, on June 18th, 1702, was sworn of her Ma-
jesty Queen Anne's most honourable privy-council, and took his
place at the board accordingly. He was again sworn of the privy
council for Great Britain, on March 8th, 1711, according to the
act of union. On July 6th, 1 7 1 1 , he was appointed Custos Rotu-
lorum of Wiltshire; and on March 31st, 1 7 12, keeper of her
Majesty's deer and woods, in the forest of Deane. This Thomas,
first Viscount Weymouth, was a person of strict piety, honour,
and integrity. Among other his charities, he settled, by deed for
ever, on the vicarages of Deverell Langbridge, and Monkton De-
verell, an augmentation of 30/. per annum. He died on July
28th, 1714, in the seventy fourth year of his age, and was buried
at Deverell Langbridge.

His only son Henry, had to wife Grace, daughter and sole
heir to Sir George Strode, Knight, serjeant at law, and of Lewes-
ton, in the county of Dorset, a younger son of Sir John Strode,
of Parnhara, in the same county, by Anne his wife, eldest
daughter of Sir John Wyndham, ancestor to the present Earl of
Egremont. By this lady, who died on April 3d, 1/25, he had
two daughters, Frances, n the wife of Algernon Seymour, Lord
Percy and Duke of Somerset ; and Mary, who was married to

m By this marriage part of the Devereux property passed to this family-
n Celebrated for her patronage of literature and her own amiable genius.
Her correspondence with Lady Pomfret has been lately published. See
Park's R.and N. A. vol. iv. p 217.

508 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

William Grevile, Lord Brooke, and died in the ipth year of her
age, on March 29th, 1720, being mother of Francis Eirl Brooke
and Earl of Warwick. And the said Henry their father dying
without issue male, aged thirty-three, on December 20th, 1/08,
the title, on the decease of his father, Thomas Lord Viscount
Weymouth, on July 28th, 1714, descended to the heirs of Henry
Frederick Thynne before-mentioned, younger brother to the said
Thomas Viscount Weymouth.

Which Henry Frederick Thynne, the third son of Sir
Henry Frederick Thynne, Bart, was under the particular care of
his uncle Henry Coventry, Esq. who, when he became principal
secretary of state, made him his under secretary, or first clerk in
his office. He was afterwards appointed one of the clerks of the
privy-council, keeper of the royal library at St. James's, and trea-
surer to Catharine, Queen Dowager of King Charles II. and he
had upwards of ten thousand pounds with his wife Dorothy,
daughter and coheir of Francis Philips, of the Inner Temple, Esq.
an eminent counsellor, who had a seat at Sunbury, near Hampton
Court, in Middlesex.

The said Henry Frederick Thynne, Esq. purchased some lands
at Old Windsor, in Berkshire, where he built a house, which was
the usual place of his residence. He died in the year 1/05, at
London, and was buried near his Jady, at Sunbury, where they
had an estate -, leaving by her one son, Thomas. ° He bequeathed
in his last will three thousand pounds for charitable uses, which
the Lord Weymouth, his brother, laid out for lands in East Pen-
nard, in com. Somers. and settled as part of the annual income
belonging to the new church erected on Rottenbury common,
near Longleate.

Thomas Thynne, Esq. his only son, born at Little Holland
House, at Kensington, was about the age of eighteen when his
father died, and then at Eaton-school, where he had spent some
years. Soon after he was removed to Christ Church College, in
Oxford 1 and, about two years after that, his uncle, the Viscount
Weymouth, who was his godfather and guardian, sent him to
travel. When he had been abroad about two years, in Holland,
Germany, Italy, &c. he returned home j and his uncle then made
it his business to find out a wife for him. Accordingly a marriage

0 The Rev. Mr. Jacob, in his Complete English Peerage, says, two sons and
two daughters, Thomas, John, Dorothy, and Mary.

MARQUIS OF BATH. 509

was consummated, A. D. 1709, between him and the Lady Mary
Villiers, daughter to Edward, the first Earl of Jersey.

He died at London, of the small pox, on April 24th, 1710,
and was buried at Deverell Langbiidge, leaving his lady big with
child ; who, on May 21st following, was brought to bed of a son,
Thomas, second Viscount Weymouth. By his father's will, he
was not to be in possession of his lands, &c. till he arrived to the
age of twenty-four, which he never attained to ; but in the mean
time his guardians purchased for him and his heirs, out of his
father's money, the manor of Bakwell, near Bristol, lands in Dor-
setshire, and the noble house at Cosham, with lands, &c. and
Toghill farm, at Colston, in com. Wilts.

His widow, in December 17H» was married to George Gran-
ville, Esq. well known as a poet, who was, on the 31st of that
month, created, by Queen Anne, Lord Lansdown j and deceased
on January 17th, 1734-5, leaving several daughters by him.

Thomas, only son and heir of the said Thomas Thynne, Esq.
succeeded to the title and estate of his grandfather's elder brother,
Thomas Viscount Wej mouth, who died in 1714, as before-men-
tioned.

The said Thomas, second Viscount Weymouth, married,
on December 6th, 1726, the Lady Elizabeth Sackville, eldest sur-
viving daughter of Lionel Duke of Dorset; but her Ladyship
departed this life, whilst his Lordship was on his travels, on June
29th, 1729, before co-habitation. His Lordship returned to
England the same year; and, on July 3d, 1733, took to his second
wife the Lady Louisa Carteret, daughter of John Earl Granville,
be fore- mentioned 5 and by her had issueJl

First, Thomas, his heir.

Second, the Hon. Henry Frederick Thynne, Esq. who wai
born on November 17 th, 1735, now Lord Carteret, for whom see
that title.

And, third, the Hon. James Thynne, Esq. who was born at
his Lordship's house, in Grosvcnor-square, London, on December
16th, 1736, and died on March 19th, 1741.

Her Ladyship survived the birth of her son James but nine
days, as the inscription on her coffin at Deverell Langbridge, where
she was interred, sets forth. His Lordship was, on December
4th, 1739, constituted ranger of Hyde-park, and St, James's-park ;
and, dying on January 12th, 1 750-1, was buried at Horningham,
in Wiltshire, and succeeded by his eldest son,

510 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Thomas, third Viscount Weymouth, and first MAitauis
of Bath, who was born on September 13th, 1734; and, after
having an education at home suitable to his noble birth and great
fortune, set out on his travels,. in 1/53, for his further accomplish-
ment, by acquainting himself with the manners and constitutions
of foreign countries. * He was appointed one of the lords of his
Majesty's bed-chamber, November 25th, 176O, in which post he
continued till April 21st, 1763, when he was appointed master of
the horse to the Queen j on April 30th, 1765, was nominated
lord lieutenant of Ireland, which he resigned in July following;
on January 20th, 17^8, his Lordship was appointed secretary of
state for the Northern department, and on October 21st following,
was removed to the Southern department, which he resigned in
December 177O, and was again appointed thereto November 10th,
1775, which high post his Lordship resigned in 1779,° and was
appointed groom of the stole in 1/82, which he held till his death.
On June 3d, 1778, he was elected a Knight of the Garter. His
Lordship was created Marquis of Bath, August 18th, 1789,
and died November 19th, 179<5, aet. sixty -three. He was also a
privy counsellor, high steward of the corporation of Tamworth,
and one of the elder brethren of the Trinity-house.

His Lordship, on May 22d, 1759, married the Lady Elizabeth
Cavendish Bentinck, eldest daughter of William, second buke of
Portland; and by her ladyship, (who was a lady of the bed-
chamber to Queen Charlotte, since the first establishment of her
household in 1761; and in 1793 was appointed mistress of the
robes) had the following issue :

First Louisa, born-March 176O; married, Nov. 19th, 1781, at
Longleat, to Heneage Earl of Aylesford.

Second, Charlotte, born Nov. 7th, 1761, died May lgtb,
1764.

Third, Henrietta, born Nov. 17th, 1762, married, May 22d,
1799, Philip, now Earl of Chesterfield, to whom she is second
wife.

Fourth, Sophia, born December 19th, 1763, married Aug.
18th, 17S4, Lord St. Asaph, son of John Earl of Ashburnham,
and died April 9th, 1/91, leaving four children.

Fifth, Thomas, now Marquis of Bath.

Sixth and seventh, two twin still born sons, June 26th, 1 766.

0 Kc was succeeded by Lord Hillsborough.

MARQUIS OF BATH. 511

Eighth, Maria, born July 24th, 1 767, died March 30th,
1/08.

Ninth, Isabella, born October 10th, 1768.

Tenth, Lord George Thy nne, born January 23d, 1770, married
May 12th, 1797, Harriot, sister to Viscount Courtnay. In 1796,
he was elected M. P. for the borough of Weobley, which he still
continues to represent. In 1801, he was appointed a lord of the
treasury, which he retained till 1804; in which year he was made
comptroller of the household ; which he retained till Mr. Pitt's
death. He is presumptive heir to the peerage of his uncle Lord
Carteret.

Eleventh, Frances, born February 12th, 1771, died 1782.

Twelfth, Lord John, born Dec. 28th, 1772, married June 18th,
1801, Miss Master, daughter of Thomas Master, Esq. of the
abbey at Cirencester, late M. P. for Gloucestershire. In No-
vember 1796, on his brother's succeeding to the peerage, he was
elected M. P. for Bath, which he continues to represent. In
July 1804, he was appointed vice chamberlain to the King.

Thirteenth, Elizabeth, born August 19th, died August 22d,
1775.

Fourteenth, Mary, born May 14th, 1778> married May 10th#
1806, Osborne Markham, Esq.

Fifteenth, Caroline, born August 31st, 178I.

His Lordship was succeeded by his eldest son Thomas,
second and present MARauis of Bath, born January 25th,
1765. He married, April 24th, 1794, Isabella Byng, daughter
of Viscount Torrington, by whom he has issue,

First, Elizabeth, born February 27th, 17Q5.

Second, , Viscount Weymouth, born April 9th,

1796.

Third, Jlenry, born May 24th, 1797.

Fourth, John, born November 7th, 1798.

Fifth, Louisa, born March 25th, 1801.

Sixth, , a son, born October 17th, 1803.

Titles. Thoma3 Thynne, Marquis of Bath, Viscount Wey-
mouth, Baron Thynne, of Warminster, and Baronet.

Creations. Baronet, on July 15th, (1641) 17 Car. I. Baron
Thynne, of Warminster, in com. Wilts, and Viscount Weymouth,
in com. Dorset, on Dec. 11, (1682) 34 Car. II. and Marquis of
Bath, August 18th, 1789.

512 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Arms. Barry of ten, Or, and Sable.
Crest. On a wreath, a rein deer, tripping, Or.
Supporters. On the dexter side, a rein deer, Or, gorged with
a plain collar, Sable ; on the sinister a lion, Gules.
Motto. J'ay bonne cause.
Chief Seat. At Longleate, in the county of Wilts.

MARQUIS OF ABERCORN. 513

HAMILTON, MARQUIS OF ABERCORN.

The Marquis of Abercorn is the undoubted heir male of the
great and noble family of Hamilton.

Lord Claud Hamilton, the third son of James, second Earl of
Arran, a was appointed to the commendatorship of the abbey of
Paisley in 1553, on the resignation of John, Archbishop of St.
Andrews, which promotion was ratified by Pope Julius III. On
the breaking out of the civil war in 1567, he adhered to the in-
terest of Queen Mary, who appointed him one of the principal
commanders of her army at the battle of Langside, fought in
1568, where he performed the part of a valiant officer ; but that
battle being lost, the Earl of Murray (regent) called a parliament
in July at Edinburgh, where Lord Claud and other partizans of
the Queen were summoned to appear ; instead of obeying the
summons, he persisted resolutely in the Queen's service, for which
he was outlawed, and had his estate forfeited. In 1572, the Lord
Semple having possession of his estate, (by gift of the Earl of
Mar, then regent) kept a strong garrison in the abbey of Paisley,
and so harassed the tenants, that they entreated Lord Claud to
relieve them ; promising at the hazard of their lives, to assist him
in the recovery of his estate ; whereupon he so closely besieged
the abbey with a strong party, that Lord Semple was forced to
surrender at discretion.

In 1579 tne Earl of Morton (regent) endeavoured all he could
the ruin of the house of Hamilton, both out of fear of their power,
and in hope of obtaining a good share of their large estates, when
forfeited j with this view, he prevailed on the old Countess of

* See vol. i p. ^6.
vol, 11. 3 l

514 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Mar, and the Earl her grandson, who were in great favour with
the King, to insinuate to him, that the Hamiltons having often
been declared heirs to the crown, had in that hearty manner es-
poused his mother's cause, only to destroy him, who stood in their
way -, to prevent which, it would be adviseable for his Majesty,
to use means to lessen their power. The King being thus pre-
pared and prepossessed with an ill opinion of the family, in steps
the Earl of Morton and seconds them ; telling the King, it would
be easy for him to put in execution the sentences of forfeiture
against the family, which had never yet been repealed, nor could
be but by act of parliament. A gross misrepresentation this !
their forfeitures having been repealed, in. all the forms, in 15 ;3
by the act of parliament, confirming the treaty of Perth. In pur-
suance of this advice, the King in council resolved to apprehend
the Lords John and Claud Hamilton, who were then at Edin-
burgh, under sanction of the articles of agreement and pacifica-
tion, ratified on all sides the year before : but they having received
intimation of his purpose, made their escape; Lord John flying
on foot in a seaman's dress to England, and thence to France,
where he was kindly received and entertained by James Beaton,
bishop of Glasgow, Queen Mary's ambassador at that court j and
Lord Claud, after lurking some time in the borders of Scotland,
being taken notice of, fled into England, and lived privately with
a friend.

In 1585, after the King came to manage by his own councils,
they returned to Scotland j and joining forces with several other
proscribed and exiled Lords, advanced towards Edinburgh ; when
the King sending to know their intentions by this new rising and
rebellion, they answered, " That as their enemies had contrived
to get them banished, and had deprived them of all other means
of sending their petitions to his Majesty, they were reduced to
the necessity of coming in that manner, to endeavour to obtain
admittance to his royal person, whose mercy and favour they
would supplicate on their knees." The King hereupon was pa-
cified, and November 1st, 1585, admitted them to his presence,
when falling on their knees, Lord John, in the name of them all,
said, *' They were come to implore in the most humble manner
his Majesty's mercy, favour, and pardon, for coming in arms,
which nothing should have compelled them to, but the want of
other means to secure their lives from their enemies, who had
taken such pains to misrepresent them to his Majesty ; whereas
they were loyal to him, and resolved to serve and obey him, as

MARQUIS OF ABERCORN. 515

became dutiful and faithful subjects." To this the King an-
swered, " that though their euterprize was in effect treasonable,
yet in consideration of their being driven to it by necessity, and
in hope of their future good behaviour, he pardoned them."
They then arose, and kissed his Majesty's hand, who addressing
himself to Lord John, said, M My Lord, I never did see you
before, and must confess that (I believe) of all this company you
have been most wronged : your family have been faithful ser-
vants to the Queen my mother in my minority, and (when I un-
derstood not, as I do now, the state of things) hardly used." Two
days after, their pardon was confirmed by an act of council ; pro-
claimed by sound of trumpet at the market cross, and soon after
a parliament being called, the acts of forfeitures were repealed,
and the family restored to their titles and estates. And in 15S5
the barony and lordship of Paisley, with the pertinents belonging
to the abbey, were bestowed upon Lord Claud, and he was created
Baron of Paisley.

He married Margaret, daughter of George, Lord Seton, (by
Isabel, daughter of Sir William Hamilton of Sanquhar) sister to'
Robert, created Earl of Wintoun, and to Alexander, Earl of Dum-
ferling, Lord High Chancellor of Scotland for eightetn years \
and departing this life in 1621, in a very advanced age, had issue
one daughter Margaret, married to William, the first Marquis of
Douglas, by whom she was great-grandmother of Archibald,
created Duke of Douglas by Queen Anne, and four sons, viz.

First, James, created Earl of Ah er corn.

Second, Sir Claud Hamilton, a gentleman of the King's privy
chamber, and by privy seal, dated at Westminster October fjth,
161 8, made constable, or commander of the castle or fort of
Toome in the county of Antrim for life, with six warders, on the
surrender of Sir Thomas Phillips. As an undertaker in the plan-
tation of the county of Longford, he had 400 acres of land granted
to him there j together with the small proportions of Killeriy and
Teadan, containing 2000 acres, in the barony of Strabane and
county of Tyrone, on which he built a strong and beautiful castle j
which, with other lands mentioned in the patent, descended to
his son and heir William j but King James I, being informed,
that it was the purpose and intention of Sir Claud, to confer the
said proportions on his second son Alexander, did on October
20th, 1018, direct his judges to admit the said William, then
about fourteen years old, to suffer a common recovery against
him and his heirs, of the same, which was accordingly done, and

516 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the lands afterwards confirmed to Alexander by patent. Sir Claud
married the daughter and heir of Sir Robert Hamilton of Manor
Elieston in the county of Tyrone, and had six sons and two
daughters, Sir William, Alexander, Robert, George, Claud, and
James, which five last died unmarried j b and the daughters were
the Ladies of Lamington, and Gorgonoch Stewart. Sir William
Hamilton of Manor Elieston, the eldest son, by his will, dated
May 1st, 1662, and proved February 12th, 1664, ordered his
body to be buried in the church of Badonie, or of Gortin, as he
should afterwards appoint, having issue by his first wife, James,
his heir,c William, Sarah, and Margaret j and by his second wife

Beatrix, daughter of Campbell, two sons, Claud and

Archibald.

Third, Sir George Hamilton of Greenlaw, and Roscrea, in the
county of Tipperary, Knight, married, first, Isabella of the family
of Civico of Bruges in Flanders, by whom he had one daughter
Margaret, who became the first wife of Sir Archibald Acheson of
Gosford, Bart, ancestor to Sir Archibald, F^arl of Gosford. He
married, secondly, Mary, daughter of Walter, Earl of Ormond
and Ossory, by whom he had a son James, who died unmarried.

Fourth, Sir Frederick Hamilton, ancestor to the Viscount
Boyne.

James, the eldest son of Claud, Lord Paisley, commonly de-
signed master of Paisley, being a man of great parts and abilities,
was much taken notice of at court, where he was a lord of the
King's bed-chamber ; who, by reason of his especial merit, ad-
vanced him in 1604 to the dignity of Baron of Ahercorn; in
which year he was appointed one of the commissioners on the
part of Scotland, to treat of an union with England ; his Majesty
being also further pleased by patent, bearing date July 10th,
1606, to create him Earl of Ah er corn 3 and Baron of Hamilton,
Mount Castle and Kilpatrick. And the King purposing to hold a
parliament in Ireland, made choice of some few eminent persons,
capable of that honour and trust, for the nobility of their birth,
and their estates and possessions in this kingdom, to be assistant
with the upper house, and to have place and voice as peers of the
realm j and therefore by his letter from Westminster March 31st,
1613, authorized the L. D. to call to the next parliament, by writ
of summons, his right trusty and right well beloved cousin the
Earl of Abercorn, directing that he should hold the game place

4 Chancery Pleadings. c ibid.

MARQUIS OF ABERCORN. 517

and precedency of an Earl in parliament, as he did at the council
table, and in all other places. a On May 20th, 1615, he was ap-
pointed of the council of the province of Munsterj and had a
large grant of lands in the barony of Strabane ;e upon which he
built a very strong and fair castle 5 a school house and church;
and about the castle was built a town, consisting of eighty houses,
many of lime and stone, very well and strongly built, and the rest
good timber houses, in which were one hundred and twenty fa-
milies, able to make two hundred men, every one having arms for
his defence j and there were also built three water-mills for grind-
ing of corn. f

He married Mariana, daughter of Thomas, Lord Boyde, (an-
cestor to the Earls of Kilmarnock and Errol, by Mariana his wife,
daughter of Sir Matthew Campbell, of Loudon in the shire of Air,
by Isabel his wife, daughter of Sir John Drummond of Innpeffery,
by Jenet his wife, natural daughter of King James IV. of Scot-
land) and deceasing March I (5th, 1617, before his father, had
issue by her, (who, with Sir Claud Hamilton, Knight, was made

d Rot. Cane io°, 1 i°, f. R 36.
e His Lordship, by his last will, having an intention to confer the small
proportion and manor of Strabane, and the middle proportion ofShean (the
latter of which he possessed by conveyance from Sir Thomas Boyde) on his
second son Claud and his heirs ; and the great proportion and manor of Do-
nalong on his third son George and his heirs ; and after his decease his eldest
son James being desirous to obey his father's will, did, with his guardians,
convey the same to them and their heirs respectively ; by which deed his
mother was to have a third part thereof for her dower, and the sum of
2555 1. us id was appointed to be raised thereout, to the use of his Lord-
ship, and his brothers William and Alexander. But by the laws of the realm,
the land ► descended upon and remained in his Lordship, notwithstanding his
father's will and his own deed, (he being in his non-age) neither could the
Countess, not being a denizen, be endowed of the said lands, nor the said sum
be raised out of them for the aforesaid uses To remedy which incoriveni-
encies, the King, in consideration of the manifold acceptable services of the
said first Earl of Abercorn, (who was a faithful servant of his crown) directed
the L.D. February 12th, 1619, a to permit the Earl, being about the age of
sixteen years, to suffer a common recovery and levy a fine of the premises to
the aforesaid uses. Accordingly, May 12th, 1620, the Countess was made
a free denizen, and by patent, dated May 9th, 1621, the lands were granted to
Sir Claud Hamilton of Cochonogh, Matthew Craifford and James Elphing-
ston, Esqrs. in trust for the said uses.

f Pynnar's Survey of Ulster.

» Privy Seal of that date at Newmarket.

518 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

a free denizen of Ireland May 12th, 1020, 5 and died in, or about
the year 1633) five sons and three daughters, viz.

First, James his successor, created Baron of Stralane.

Second, Claud, to whom his brother, by permission of King
Charles I. resigned the honour of Strabane.

Third, Sir William Hamilton, Knight, who was long resident
at Rome from Henrietta Maria, Queen Dowager of England, and
in his old age married Jane, daughter of Alexander Colquhoon,
Laird of Luss, and widow of Alan, Lord Cathcart, but left no
issue.

Fourth, Sir George Hamilton, Baronet of Nova Scotia, an-
cestor to the present Marquis of Abercorn.

Fifth, Sir Alexander Hamilton, of Holborn, London, Knight,
who married Elizabeth, a daughter of the family of Bedingfield of
Oxburgh, and had one son and three daughters. He settled first
at the court of Philip William, Elector Palatine, who sent him
envoy extraordinary to King James II. of England. He accom-
panied to Vienna that Elector's daughter Eleanora Magdalena, who
was married to the Emperor Leopold, and being in favour with
the Empress, was created a Count of the Empire, with a grant of
the county of Newburg near Passaw, and other estates in Mo-
ravia and Hungary. One of his daughters was maid of honour to
the Empress Emilia, consort of the Emperor Joseph ; and his son
Count Julius, was one of the chamberlains to the Emperor, mar-
ried Maria Ernestina, born Countess of Staremberg, of the family
of the famous Count Staremberg, who died in 1724, and had issue
three sons and several daughters.

Sixth, Daughter Lady Anne, was married to Hugh, Lord
Semple.

Seventh, Lady Margaret, to Sir William Cunynghame of Ca-
printon.

Eighth, Lady Lucy, contracted by her father, when very
young, to the Marquis of Antrim, who not abiding by the con-
tract, she never married, and by letters from Whitehall October
28th, 1627, the Earl of Antrim was ordered to pay 3000/. to
James Earl of Abercorn, for his son's not marrying his said
daughter Lucy, according to contract. h

James, the second Earl of Abercorn, in regard of his father's

e Rot. Anno 18 Jac. 1. i». p. f.
* Rot, Amp 3 Car. L |t p. d R. 5a.

1

MARQUIS OF ABERCORN. 5 19

services j of his noble blood and lineage, being descended of one
of the most ancient houses in the realm of Scotland (as the King
expresseth himself) and because his Majesty was desirous to en-
courage him and his posterity to make their residence in the
kingdom of Ireland, for the good of his service there, not doubting
but that he would tread in the steps of his ancestors, and apply
himself with his best endeavours to deserve that favour, when his
Majesty should have occasion to employ him in his affairs, was
advanced to the peerage of Ireland, by the title of Lord Hamilton,
Baron of Strabane, with limitation of the honour to the heirs
male of the body of his father the Earl of Abercorn for ever, by
privy-seal, dated at Westminster October 18th, 1616, and by
patent4 at Dublin May 8th, 1617, which honour, upon his peti-
tion to King Charles I. was conferred k on his next brother Claud,

5 The preamble. Cum Jacobus Hamilton, filius praenobilis et charissimi
Consanguinei nostri Jacobi Comitis de Abercorn primogenitus, de antiquis-
sima et nobilissima Familia Comitum de Arran et Marchionum de Hamilton
in dicto Regno Scotia, et Ducum Castelli Eraldi in Regno Galliae oriundus,
tarn praeclari Ingenii ac Indolis existat, ut clarissimos Antecessores suos ex-
imiis Virtutibus se aequaturum promittat. Cumque etiam praefatus Consan-
guineus noster Comes de Abercorne, Pater dicti Jacobi, optime de nobis et
universa Republica dicti Regni Hiberniae meritus sit, pro eo, viz. quod opti-
mam Coloniam de Viris fortibus et sinceram Religionem profitentibus consis-
tentem, in Baroniam de Strabane, in comitatu de Tyrone, in provincia Ultoniae
deduxerit, ac ibidem diversa Castella, bene munita pro defensione dictae Pro-
vinciae xdificaverit, ac plurima alia s ervitia nobis et Coronae nostrae praestiterit ;
pro quibus dictum Comitem ejusque posteros pluribus honorum titulis dignos
censemus. Sciatis igitur, &c.

k At his Lordship's humble suit, the King was pleased, in consideration
of his long and faithful service, by privy-seal, a dated at Westminster May 7,
1633, to authorize the L. D. Wentworth, to issue a commission under the great
seal of Ireland, directed to Sir William Jones and Sir Robert Barkeley, two
of the justices of the King's Bench in England, empowering them or either of
them to take the acknowledgment of a fine, according to the statute of
4 Henry VII from his Lordship of the said state, degree, dignity, style, title,
name, and honour of Lord Hamilton, Baron of Strabane, to his Majesty ; and
upon return of the said commission, recording of the fine in Ireland, as in
such cases was usual, cancelling the patent, and making a Vacat upon the in-
rolment thereof, to grant unto the said Claud the said honour of Lord Ha-
milton, Baron of Strabane, and for want of his issue male, remainder to the
heirs male of the body of his father, with precedency of the former patent.
On November nth following, James, Earl of Abercorn, surrendered his
patent of Strabane, which was ordered to be cancelled February 3d, a Vacat
entered upon the inrollment August 14th, 1634, and a new patent of that date

* Rot. Ao. 9 Car. I. 1 p. d and enrolled July iCth, 1633, R.8-

520 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

with precedency of the former creation, by patent, ' bearing date
August 14th, J 634.

He married Catharine, daughter and heir to Gervais Clifton,
Lord Clifton of Leigh ton Bromswold, widow of Esme Stewart,
Duke of Richmond and Lenox, by whom he had three sons, viz.

First, James, Lord Paisley, who died before him, and by the
daughter m of William Lenthal, Esq. speaker of the house of com-
mons in the long parliament, left an only daughter Catharine, first
married to her cousin William Lenthal, Esq. (who died at Bur-
ford September 6th, J 686, leaving two sons, John and James),
and secondly to Charles, Earl of Abercorn, as hereafter.

Second, William, colonel of a regiment, and killed in the
wars of Germany, without issue.

Third, George, who succeeding to the title, was the third
Earl of Abercorn ; but dying unmarried at Padua in his journey
to Rome, the male line failed in the eldest branch ; so that we re-
turn to

Claud, the second son of James the first Earl ; who being
dignified with the title of Strabane by his brother's gift, as already
observed, was present as such, by proxy, in the parliament of this
kingdom March 21st, 1634, n and dying June 14th, 1638, was
buried in the church of Leak Patrick in the county of Tyrone.

inrolled. On 2d of which month of August, the L D. upon his throne of
state, mentioned to the house of peers the case of this surrender and trans-
fer of the honour, with the clause of precedency, which, he said, the King
referred to him, but that thinking it might give offence to the nobility, he
had advised his Majesty, that that clause which concerned precedency might
be forborn ; for which the King gave him thanks, and ordered it according
to his opinion. ** Yet (added his Lordship) within these six days a warrant
was brought unto me for passing of the same otherwise, which I have certi-
fied. And with the favour of your Lordships, I give my ot inion, that if any
man find himself aggrieved, he may complain to me, who have a commission
to right him, ojr else transmit his complaint to the King; but it becomes
not the house, when the L. D. has passed judgement, to intermeddle; and
so long as I have the honour to sit here and represent my master, will not
suffer any innovation in prejudice of the interest of the crown " (Lords
Journ. vol. i. p 22.)

^he preamble recites the creation of James, Earl of Abercorn, to the
honour of Strabane by King James I his surrender thereof to King Charles I.
with intention to confer it upon his brother, and the King's compliance there-
with, on account of the undoubted testimonies, by which the said Claud
had approved himself to be worthy of that mark of his Majesty's favour
and munificence. (Rot. 10 Car I. 2 a p f R 30, 31.)

«" Married 1653. Male. Lond. Rediv. vol. i. p. 306.
0 Lords Jour. vol. i. p. 60.

MARQUIS OF ABERCORN. 521

In 1 630 he married the Lady Jean Gordon," youngest daughter
of George, the first Marquis of Huntly, and had issue two sons
and two daughters ; James, George j Catharine (first married to
James, eldest son of Sir Frederick Hamilton, youngest son of
Claud the first Lord Paisley, secondly to Owen Wynne, of Lur-
ganboy in the county of Leitrim, and thirdly to John Bingham
of Castlebar in the county of Mayo, Esqrs.) j and Mariana, to
Richard Perkins, of Lifford in the county of Donegall, Esq.

James, the eldest son and third Baron of Strabane, was seized
in fee of the manor and small proportion of Strabane, the middle
proportion of Shean, and many other lands in the county of
Tyrone, which (as appears by inquisition) ° he forfeited by enter-
. ing into rebellion against the commonwealth of England, at
Charlemount in the county of Armagh July 20th, l650j where
he joined with Sir Phelim O'Neile, one of the chief heads of the
rebels, who then held out that fort against Sir Charles Coote,
commander in chief of the parliament forces in Ulster, who be-
sieged it 25th of that month ; about two or three days before
which, his Lordship fled with his arms to an adjoining island,
then under the command of a garrison of Sir Phelim's, in which
lay two companies, whom he assisted by sending three horses
into the fort; which being taken August 6th, he fled to the
woods and bogs of Mounterling in the county of Tyrone, where
that day he was taken prisoner by a party of the commonwealth's
army. On the 13th he took a protection from Sir Charles Coote j
which he forfeited December 31st ensuing, by joining again with
Sir Phelim O'Neile in the island of Drumurraghj and July 1st*

« She expended above 1000 1. in building the castle, court-yard and garden
walls, about the castle of Strabane, which in the beginning of the rebellion of
1641 were all demolished ; all the furniture burnt and destroyed ; and in De-
cember that year she was taken prisoner by Sir Phelim O'Neile (who then
was paying his addresses to her), and by him carried from Strabane, which he
burned, to his own house of Kinard ; where he kept her two or three days,
and then sent her to Sir George Hamilton, telling her, with great ostentation,
*' That he would never leave off the work he had begun, until Mass should
be sung or said in every church in Ireland, and that a Protestant should not
live in Ireland, be he of what nation he would" She afterwards became
his wife, and was reduced to so indigent and deplorable a condition, as,
in 1656, to accept of the sum of 5 1 from the state towards her relief. (Lodge,
Bill in Chancery, and deposition of Captain John Perkins of Dungannon,
taken March 8th, 1643.)

0 Taken at Strabane August 9th, 1658, by virtue of a commission dated
July 7th preceding, to enquire what estate, right and title, Oliver Cromwell
then had, or ought to have, by any act of parliament, or act of him and his
council, to any hereditaments within the county of Tyrone.

522 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

1649, he accepted a commission, to raise and arm a troop of
horse in behalf of the Irish, with whom he afterwards acted in
concert -} frequently joined counsels with them, and died a Roman
Catholic recusant June l6tb, 1655, at Ballyfatty near Strabane 5
leaving no issue he was succeeded by his brother

George the fourth Lord Strabane, who married Elizabeth,
daughter of Christopher Fagan, of Feltrim in the county of
Dublin, Esq. P ; and by his nuncupative will, made at his house
of Kinure in the same county April 9th, 1608,^ desired to be
buried in the chapel of Kinure, but was interred in the remains
of St. Mechlin's church in a field near Rush, under a large tomb
on the north side, adorned with his coat armour and this in-
scription :

Here under lieth the qffalell,

Obliginge, examplar, wise, humlle,

Noble, pious, devot, most charitable,

Most virtuous and religious the

Right Honourable George, Lord

Hamilton, Baron of Strabane,

Who died the 14th of April

Anno Domini 1668.

This monument was erected by

Elizabeth Strabane, alias Fagan,

Relict of the said Lord Strabane.

■ p In the court of claims for executing the act of settlement, the said Chris-
topher Fagan claimed his estate, and by the decree of that court March 20th,
1663, was adjudged an innocent papist, and had his estate restored to him and
his heirs male : and leaving two sons, Richard and Peter, and the said Eliza-
beth, Lady Strabane, she, on the death of her brothers without issue, could
not become heir to her father under that decree, which vested the reversion in
the crown. Whereupon, King Charles II. by privy-seal, dated March 29th,
1684, granted the reversion to her son Claud, Lord Abercorn, his heirs and
a signees for 1000 years, to commence from the termination of the said estate
tail, with a condition to be inserted in the patent, for granting to him the
fee of the premisses.

1 By which will he desired that all his debts should be paid, and that
Elizabeth his wife should enjoy one-third of his estate then in his hands for
life, or a third of his rents as they were paid, at her choice, as also a third of
the estate his mother then enjoyed after his death, and to have the manage-
ment of the other two-third parts for the use and maintenance of his chil-
dren ; but that she should have no power to dispose of any of them, or of any
part of his estate, save what should belong to herself, without the consent and
approbation of Sir George Hamilton, Christopher Fagan, Esq. and John
Murphy, Gent, whom he appointed his special friends in trust in this matter,
and he appointed his wife executrix. (Proved May 26th| 1668, in the Court
of Prerogative.)

MARQUIS OF ABERCORN. 523

His issue were two sons and two daughters ; Claud and
Charles, successive Earls of Abercorn ; Anne, married to John,
son of George Browne, of the Neale in the county of Mayo, Esq.
and died August 14th, 1680; and Mary, born after her father's
death, was married to Gerald Dillon, Esq. recorder of Dublin,
appointed in 1685 one of the council at law to King James II.
and February 15th, 168(5, his prime-serjeant, by whom she had
several children.

Claud, the fifth Lord Strabane, succeeding also to the title
of Ah er corn, was the fourth Earl, and January 9th, 1670, had an
abatement of the quit rents imposed on his estate by the acts of
settlement ; being an attendant on King James II. from Fiance,
was sworn of his privy-council on his arrival in Dublin, and made
colonel of a regiment in his army, but was attainted March 1st,
1688. r He attended the King into the North, in order to reduce
Londonderry, and, when near the city, was sent with a party
from the army, to persuade the citizens to surrender the place,
which they utterly refused ; and making a sally some time after,
his Lordship's horse was killed under him, and he very narrowly
escaped, leaving his cloak and furniture behind him. After the
defeat at the Boyne he embarked for France in which voyage
he was killed (169O); May 1 1th, 1691, he was outlawed, and
forfeited his estate and title of Strabane : but the Earldom of
Abercorn devolved on his brother,

Charles, the fifth Earl, who obtaining a reversal of his
brother's attainder, succeeded also to the title of Strabane and the
estate, to both which he was restored by their Majesties letters,
dated at Whitehall May 24th, 1692, and by patent at Dublin
July 1st, 1693. s On August 31st, 1695, he took his seat in the
house of peers j t and December 2d, 1697, signed the declaration
and association in defence of the person and government of King
William, and the succession of the crown according to act of par-
liament. He married (as already observed) Catharine, only
daughter of James, Lord Paisley, eldest son of James, the second
Earl of Abercorn, relict of William Lenthal, Esq. and died at
Strabane in June 1701, u having issue by her (who deceased May
24th, 1/13, and was buried in the Duke of Richmond's vault,

r Inq taken at Strabane, August 6th, 1692.

* Rot 5 Gul. HI **■ P d. r Lords Jour. vol. i. p. 486.

■ Le Neve's Mon. Ang.

524 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Westminster Abbey) an only child Elizabeth, who died young,
and was buried in the chancel of St. Michan's church February
22d, 1699; so that the issue male failed also in the second branch
of James, the first Earl of Abercorn, and Sir William Hamilton,
the third son, dying likewise without issue, we return to

Sir George Hamilton, the fourth son of James, first Earl, who
was seated at Donalong in the county of Tyrone, and at Nenagh
in Tipperary. On October J 6th, K)2/, he succeeded Sir Roger
Hope (who died September /th) in the command of his company
in the army j and in 1041 being in Scotland with the King, had
a pass to return to Ireland j but the house of commons having
voted, that no Irishman should pass out of England into Ireland,
without a licence from the committee, for Irish affairs, the privy-
council, or the L. L. he was stopped, brought by order of the
house to London, and confined until April 6th following, when
he was admitted to bail. During the rebellion he performed
good service in Ireland for King Charles I. as he did in 164Q for
Charles II. being then a captain of horse, colonel of foot, and
governor of the castle of Nenagh ; x but in 1051 he retired with
his family to France, and there continued till the restoration of
the King ; who being sensible of his good and acceptable services,
and willing to shew him all reasonable favour for the same
created him a Baronet ; and in 1671 appointed him joint patentee
with James Roche, Esq. .for granting licences to pedlars, petty
chapmen, and grey merchants 3 y and being to recruit his regi-

x Act of explanation, wherein his arrears being reduced to 5000 1, was
provided to be satisfied out of the security designed by the acts for satisfac-
tion of the arrears of such commissioned officers as served the King in Ireland
before June 15th, 1649.

y On February 7th, 1631, he had a licence to hold a Thursday Market,
and a yearly fair on April 2^th at Clogher, and a fair October 2tst at Bally-
magary, both in the county of Tyrone On July 23d, 1639, he had a grant
upon the commision of grace, of the manor of Strabane ; and June 25th that
year, another patent of the great proportion of Donalong; and in the act of
settlement it was provided, that nothing therein contained should forfeit or
vest in the King any honours, manors, or estate real whatsoever, belonging
to him on October 23d, 1641 : also, in the act of explanation, his Majesty
having taken into his consideration the many faithful and acceptable services,
performed to his father and himself in the wars of Ireland, by Sir George
Hamilton, in several qualities and capacities, for which there were arrears to
great value accrued to him, before and after June 5th, 1649, which by agree-
ment were reduced to 5000 1 it was enacted, that the same should be satisfied
out of the security set apart by the acts for satisfaction of the arrears of

MARQUIS OF ABERCORN. 525

ment of foot in the service of the French King, his Majesty sent
his directions to the L. L. January 12th, 1673, to give licence
unto him and his officers, to raise (500 foot soldiers of his Irish
subjects by beat of drum. He married Mary, third daughter of
Thomas Viscount Thurles, eldest son of Walter eleventh Earl of
Ormond, and sister to James, the first Duke of Ormond, and by
her, z who died in August 1680, had six sons and three daughters.
He died 1679.

First, James, who died before him.

Second, Sir George Hamilton,* Knight, made a Count in
France, and Mareschal du Camp in that service ; b who married
Frances, elder daughter and coheir to Richard Jennings of Sand-
dridge in the county of Hertford, Esq. sister to Sarah, Duchess of
Marlborough, and died in iQQj, having issue by her, who re-mar-
ried with Richard Talbot, Duke of Tyrconnel, and died in Dublin
March 7th, 1/30, three daughters ; all then in their infancy, who
lived with their mother in France, until they came with her into
Ireland, in the reign of James II. which daughters were, Eliza-
beth, married to Richard, Viscount Ross; Frances, to Henry,
Viscount Dillon ; and Mary, to Nicholas, Viscount Kingsland.

Third, Anthony, who, January 1st, 1687, was a lieutenant
colonel, with the pay of 200/. a year upon the establishment ; it
is said he had also a regiment, and was made governor of Lime-
rick. At the revolution he followed King James into France, in
which service he became a lieutenant general, and died at St.
Germains in that kingdom, April 21st, 1720, aged seventy-four.

commissioned officers, for service before or after June 5th, 1649; and he
had a grant under the said acts, May 16th, 1668, of the lands of Ballymac-
shanroe in the Barony of Ballymore and county of Cork, with two other grants
of divers lands. Further, (in recompence of his many acceptable services,
performed to the King whilst in foreign countries) his Majesty, December
zoth, 1662, granted him by privy seal April 23d, and by patent for life, all the
penalties and forfeitures which should or might accrue to the crown by reason
of ploughing, drawing, harrowing, and working with horses by the tail, con-
trary to act of parliament made in Ireland 10 and n Car. I. or any other
former acts.

2 Their marriage articles bear date June 2d, 1629; and after the reduc-
tion of Ireland by the parliament, she obtained an order May 25th, 1653, to
enjoy the middle proportion of Cloghonall and other lands, settled on her for
a jointure.

• His name occurs frequently in his brother's memoirs of Grammont.

b He appears to have been living in 1671. See Arlington's Letters, vol. i.
r/. 185, vol.il p. 332.

526 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

He was the author of some pieces written in French, which bear
the name of Count Hamilton, particularly the Memoirs of his
brother-in-law Count Grammont ; in which he has painted the
chief characters of the court of Charles II. as they were with
great spirit and truth described to him by Grammont : Voltaire
praises his writings, which he says have all the humour without
the burlesque of Scarron.c

Fourth, Thomas, bred to the sea service, commanded the ship,
which took the Duke of Argyle's in the West Indies, and died in
New England.

Fifth, Richard, made colonel of a regiment of horse in King
James's army February 15th, 1686, and brigadier general upon
the establishment, with the pay of 4Q7 L 10s. a. yearj in which
station he acted for that King in the North, and fled with him
into France upon King William's victories, where he became a
lieutenant general, and died

Sixth, John, a colonel also in King James's service, lost his
life at the battle of Aghrim.

Seventh, Daughter Elizabeth, married to Philibert, Count of
Grammont, younger brother to Anthony, created in 1603 Duke
of Grammont, peer and Mareschal of France, Knight of the King's
orders, Sovereign of Bidache, Count de 'Guiche and Louvignier,
Baron of Hagetman and Camma, &c. by whom she had two
daughters, Claude Charlotte, married April 3d, 1&Q4, to Henry,
Earl of Stafford, by whom she had no issue ; and the younger
was Superiour, or Abbess of the Chanonesses in Lorain. Her
husband's memoirs, written by Count Hamilton, have been
already mentioned. Count Grammont died January 10th, 1/07,
aged eighty. d

Eighth, Lucia, married to Sir Donogh O'Brien, of Lemi-
neagh, Bart.

Ninth, Margaret, in January 1038 to Matthew Ford, of
Coolgreny in the county of Wexford, Esq. and had several
children.

James, the eldest son, being a great favourite of King
Charles II. that Prince made him a groom of his bed-chamber -7

c See Harding's Edition of Grammont's Memoirs, illustrated by prints,
Lond. 1793, 4to. There is a print in it of the author.

d His name occurs in Dalrymple's Memoirs, vol. ii. p. 26 ; and St. Evre-
mond's Works, vol. ii. p. 317, 43 1, vol. ill. p. 39.

MARQUIS OF ABERCORN. 527

colonel of a regiment in his army ; e and in \66\ concluded a
marriage between him and Elizabeth, eldest daughter of John,
created Lord Culpeper, f of Thorsway October 21st, 1 644, chan-
cellor of the Exchequer, and master of the rolls, who died in
July 1(560, by his wife Judith, daughter of Sir Thomas Culpeper,
of HolJingbourne in Kent, Knight ; but commanding a regiment
of foot on board the navy with the Duke of York, in one of his
sea expeditions against the Dutch, had one of his legs taken off
by a cannon ball, of which wound he died June fjth, 1673, and
was buried in Westminster Abbey under a monument, erected to
his memory by his uncle James, Duke of Ormond. By his lady,
who was maid of honour to Mary, Princess of Orange, mother of
King William, and died in l/Off, aet. seventy-two, ■ he had six
sons, of whom three only survived their infancy, h viz.

James, who became Earl of Abercorn.

George, a colonel in the foot-guards, who lost his life in the
battle of Steinkirk in 16Q2, commanding a regiment of foot;
and

William Hamilton, Esq. one of the five Kentish petitioners to
the house of commons, who May 8th, 17OI, desired the parlia-
ment would turn their loyal addresses into bills of supply, that his
Majesty mi^ht be enabled powerfully to assist his allies against the
growing power of France, which then caused a general consterna-
tion by the death of the King of Spain, and the alteration made
in the affairs of Europe by the settlement of his dominions. The
house voted the petition scandalous, insolent, and seditious, tend-
ing to destroy the constitution of parliament, and to subvert the
established government; and ordered the five petitioners to be
taken into the custody of the serjeant at arms; where they conti*
nued till May 13th, when that officer (contrary to the Habeas
Corpus act) by order of the house, and a warrant from the speaker,
delivered them prisoners at the Gate House, where they remained

e By the act of explanation he had a grant of the estate of Sir Nicholas
Plunket, of Balrath in the county of Meath ; and in consideration of his mar-
riage, the King gave him Hyde Park (for his own and his children's lives)
but resumable at any time by the crown, on giving an equivalent for it. Ac-
cordingly, King Charles gave him afterwards, in lieu of it, 900 1. a year out of
the first fruits and tenths of the dioceses of St. David's, Hereford, Oxford,
and Worcester

f See his character and actions in Clarendon's History, passim.

* She was buried at Hollingbourne. Hasted's Kent, vol. ii. p. 4j<.
h Decree in Chancery.

528 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

to the end of the session. He resided at Chilston, or Bocton-
Place, near Lenham in Kent (an estate his mother purchased and
settled on his family) of which county he was a deputy lieutenant,
justice of the peace., and colonel of the regiment of militia for the
Lath of Scray, a division thereof j and was always very strenuous
for the Protestant succession in the illustrious house now on the
throne.

He married Margaret, second daughter of Sir Thomas Culpeper
of Hollingbourne, Knight, sister to Frances, wife of John, the last
Lord Culpeper, and had issue four sons and one daughter, viz.
First, John, (sheriff of the county of Kent in 1719, who much
improved his seat of Chilston ; married Mary, daughter of John
Wright, Esq. M. D. and had many sons and daughters, of whom
the eldest son William, { was page of honour to the Prince and
Princess of Wales). Second, George, (married the daughter of
Monsieur Vasserot, merchant of Amsterdam, who got vast riches
in the Missisippi and South Sea schemes, after which he retired
into Swisserland, his native country, where he purchased a great
estate. By this Lady he had several sons and daughters, and for
the sake of being near her relations, for some years resided at
Geneva.) Third, Thomas, who had a command in the army, and
died at his quarters in Ireland. Fourth, William died when very-
young j and the daughter Elizabeth, was married to Edwin Steed,
of Steedhill in Kent, Esq. who left her a widow without issue.
Their father died in 1737* and was buried at Lenham; as was
his wife on October 22d, 1/36.

Sir James, sixth Earl of Alercorn, the eldest son of James of
the bed-chamber, and grandson of Sir George Hamilton, Bart,
succeeded his father in the post of groom of the bedchamber to
King Charles II. at the early age of seventeen years, and suc-
ceeded his grandfather in 1679. He was of the privy-council to
King James II. in whose army he commanded a regiment of
horse j but no sooner did he perceive that King's intentions^to in-
troduce Popery, than he quitted his service ; became an officer
under King William at the revolution, and carried arms and am-

t He joined with his father in the sale of this estate to Thomas Best,
Esq.

It is reported in Kent, that this branch of the Hamiltons afterwards fell
into the lowest state of poverty ; and two of the brothers are even said to have
been driven to the wretched employment of bailiff's followers.

MARQUIS OF ABERCORN. 529

munition to the relief of Londonderry, when besieged by King
James's army, in which his uncle Richard Hamilton was a lieute-
nant-general, and did all he could to distress the besieged j but
by the means of this supply, the city was enabled to hold out, till
major-general Kirke sent in further relief from England, which
occasioned the siege to be raised. After his grandfather's death,
1679, he declined to use the title of Baronet, being usually called
captain Hamilton, but in the year 1/01 was obliged to bear a su-
perior title, by the Earldom of Alercorn devolving on him, as next
heir to Earl Charles, the last male of the branch of Claud, the first
Lord Strabane, who was second son of James, the first Earl of
Abercorn. He was the sixth that enjoyed this honour, to pre-
serve which he went to Scotland in 1/06, and sat in that parlia-
ment, which concluded the union between the two kingdoms,
now called Great Britain.

King William, in recompence of his services, called him into
his privy-council, and by privy-seal, dated at Hampton Court
November 9th, and by patent k at Dublin December 2d, 1701,
created him Baron of Mount castle and discount of Stralane, with
the annual fee of 13/. 6s. 8d. by which titles he sat first in the
parliament of Ireland September 21st, 1703,1 the first summoned
to meet by Queen Anne, of whose privy-council he was a member,
as he was to their Majesties George I. and II. On February 14th,
1703, his Lordship was of the committee appointed to prepare an
address to Queen Anne, on occasion of the evil practices lately
carried on in Scotland by emissaries in France 3 and March 3d
to thank her Majesty for her great kindness to Ireland -, also Fe-
bruary 10th, 1/04-5, to congratulate her success by her victorious
arms j and May 6th, 1 709, to draw up an address of condolence,
on the.death of her late royal consort Prince George of Denmark;
and of congratulation for her gieat successes abroad in conjunction
with her allies. On November 14th, 1715, he was one of the
committee to prepare - an address of congratulation to King
George I. on his most happy accession : and February 6th ensu-

k The preamble Regia nostra mente recolentes plurima ilia et gratissima
servitia praedilectisubditi nostri Jacobi, Comitis de Abercorn in Regno nostro
Scoriae, antehac praestita; et volentes insuper quod ille et posted ejus regii favoris
nostri insigne aliquod gerant, euni et posteros ejus titulo et gradu Baronis et
Vicecomitis dicti Regni nostri Hibernioe, tanquam perpetuum nostri meri.
torum ejus aestimatioi is monumentum, ornare decrevimus. Sciatis rgitur*
&c (Rot Anno 13 G lnlll. i. p. d.)

1 Lords Jcur. vol ii. p z*
VOL. II. 2 M

530 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

ing, presented to the house heads of a bill for the further secu-
rity of his Majesty's person and government, and for extinguishing
the hopes of the pretended Prince of Wales, and his open and
secret abettors. m

In 168J6 his Lordship married Elizabeth, daughter and heir to
Sir Robert Reading, of Dublin, Bart, so created August 27th,
1675 (by his wife Jane, relict of Charles, the first Earl of Moun-
trath) and dying in London November 28th, 1734, had issue by
her who died in Sackville-street, London, March 19th, 1754, nine
sons and five daughters, viz.

First," Robert, baptized July 12th, 1687, died soon after his
birth.

Second, James, his successor.

Third, Robert, who died very young.

Fourth, John, educated in Trinity College Dublin, who died
in 1714, aet. twenty, unmarried.

Fifth, George, died in his infancy.

Sixth, George, was a cornet of horse, and in October 1742
made deputy cofferer of the Prince of Wales's houshold. He was
member of parliament for St. Johnstown in Ireland, as he was in
1734 and 1747, for Wells in England, and enjoyed a good estate,
as heir to his brother John. He died May 3d, 1775. In Oc-
tober 1719 he married Bridget, daughter and heir to colonel Wil-
liam Coward, of Wells in the county of Somerset, sometime a
Virginia merchant, with whom he received a large fortune, and
had issue six sons and six daughters ; viz. first, George, born
1721, who was bred to the sea service, and died unmarried;
second, John, born 172(5, died unmarried 1756 ; third, colonel
William Hamilton, who died unmarried 1/93, and was the last
male heir of his father ; fourth, James, equerry to Frederick
Prince of Wales, who married twice, and died without issue 1779;
fifth, Elizabeth, wife of general Cameron, formerly in the French
service, re-married to the Count de Fay; sixth, Bridget, who
married the Rev. Mr. Finney, and died without issue; seventh,
Maria, born January 7th, 1725, married, first, Francis March,
Esq. (by whom she had a daughter Elizabeth, married to colonel
Thomas Hervey, son of Thomas, second son of John, Earl of
Bristol) and secondly, married June 8th, 1756, to William Beck-
ford, Esq. » of Font hill in Wilts, Lord Mayor of London 1763,

m Lords Jour, vol ii p. 460.
■ He was grandson of Peter Beckford, lieutenant governor and com-
mander in chief of Jamaica.

MARQUIS OF ABERCORN. 531

and 177°> and member of parliament for that city, by whom she
had William Beckford, now of Fon thill, Esq. born September
29th, 1760 : ° she died his widow at Hampstead, July 22d, 1798,
aet. seventy-four j eighth, Harriot Hamilton, who married the
Rev. William Peter, and died in 1787 > ninth, Frances, wife of
William Tooker, Esq. of Chilcompton, com. Som. and died 1752}
tenth, Charlotte died unmarried j eleventh, Rachel, wife of the
Rev. Nevile Walter, grandson of William Nevile, Lonl Aberga-
venny, p

Seventh, Francis, born at Toulouse in Languedoc, took holy
orders, and January 30th, 1737, was presented to the rectories
and vicarages of Dunleer, Capocke, Disert, Moylare, Monaster-
boys, and Drumcarre in the diocess of Armagh, in the room of
Rev. John Singleton, who died suddenly in Dublin, March 2d,
1736-7. On October 20th, 1733, he married Dorothy, second
daughter and coheir to James Forth, of Redwood in the King's
County, Esq. secretary to the commissioners of his Majesty's re-
venue, and by her, who died suddenly June 3d, 1731, left issue.
He died May 20th, 1746.

Eighth, William, baptized October 29th, n 1703, went a volun-
teer to sea, and was unfortunately cast away in the Royal Anne
Galley, November 10th, 1721, with Lord Belhaven, then going
to his government of Barbadoes.

Ninth, Charles, baptized November 13th, r 1704, was ap-
pointed, April 22d, 1738, comptroller of the green cloth to the
Prince of Wales ; represented the borough of Strabane in parlia-
ment, as he did in 1741 and 1743 that of Truro in Great Britain;
when (May 26th, 1742,) he was chosen first of the seven com-
missioners for examining and stating the public accompts 3 and
in December 1743, appointed receiver general of his Majesty's
revenues in the Island of Minorca. He died September 19, 1787.
He married and left issue 5 of which his eldest daughter Jane,
was married May 17th, 1750, to Mr. Edward Moore, s author of

° He married, May 5th, 1783, Lady Margaret Gordon, sole surviving
daughter of Charles, fourth Earl of Aboyne, who died May 23d, 1786, leav-
ing issue Margaret Maria Elizabeth, born at Fonthill in April 1785; and
Susanna Euphemia, born at the Castle of La Tour, in the Pays de Vaud, in
May 1786.

p Gent Mag vol.lxviii. p 639.
1 St Peter's registry. r Idem.

» Edward Moore died Feb 28th, 1757. aet. forty-five. His widow ob-
tained the place of necessary woman to the Queen's private apartments, and
was living not many years ago, ■ cherishing,'' says Anderson, " an indelible

534 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

him ; and his father was complimented by the Queen on the
gallant behaviour of bis son. On February 12th following, he
was made lieutenant of the Diamond of forty guns, and Oc-
tober 14th, 1741, first lieutenant of the Russel of seventy guns;
whence (February 19th,) he was appointed commander of the
Kingsale; from that ship preferred, February 10th, 1/42, to the
Augusta,, a sixty gun ship newly launched ; in April 1748 to the
Vanguard of sixty guns; and December 18th, 1755, was unfortu-
nately drowned, being overset in his boat as he was going from
his ship to Portsmouth. In November 1749, he married Harriot,
natural daughter of the Right Hon. James Craggs, and widow of
Richard Eliot, of Port Eliot in Cornwall, Esq. e by whom he had
issue John James, the present Marquis.

Third, William, died young.

Fourth, George, educated in Exeter College, Oxford, entered
into holy orders, was presented by his brother in September 1753,
to the rectories of Tagheyon and Donaghadee in the diocess of
Raphoe, and afterwards was canon of Windsor, and rector of Tap-
low, and vicar of Bray, in Bucks ; and married Elizabeth, daughter
of Richard Onslow, uncle to the present Lord; and died No-
vember 2fJth, 1787, leaving one son, and nine daughters : first,
Anne, married to Dr. Cornewall, now Bishop of Worcester, and
is since dead; second, Mary; third, Harriet, who died in 1778 j
fourth, Catharine; fifth, Rachael; sixth, Elizabeth, married to
- Glyn Wynn, Esq. ; seventh, Jane, married William Plumer, Esq.
of Gilston Park and Blakesware in Hertfordshire, and representa-
tive for that county in eight parliaments ; eighth, Cecil, to whom
his Majesty granted precedence as an Earl's daughter by sign
manual, October 27th, 1789; and who married, first, her cousin
the pjesent Marquis of Abercorn, from whom she was divorced in
, 1798, when she re-married Sir Joseph Copley, Bart.; ninth,
Isabella, married July 20th, 1795, to Lord George Seymour,
brother to the present Marquis of Hertford; tenth, George, died
in the West Indies.

Sixth, William, appointed August l6th, 1742, lieutenant of
a man of war, and in 1755 captain of the Lancaster; he married
and had issue.

James, the third discount Stralane, and eighth Earl of Aber-
corn, was summoned by writ to the house of peers in Ireland
March 23d, 1735-6, by his father's Barony of Mouncastle, and

e By whom she had Edward Eliot, created Lord Eliot in 1784.

MARQUIS OF ABERCORN. 535

took his seat at the same day : f August 8th, 1786,he was created
a peer of Great Britain by the title of Viscount Hamilton, of
Hamilton in the county of Leicester, with remainder to John
James Hamilton, son of the Honourable John Hamilton deceased,
next brother to his Lordship. He died unmarried October 9th,
1789, and was succeeded by his nephew,

John James, fourth discount Strabane, ninth Earl of Abe r-
corn, second Viscount Hamilton and first Margiuis. He
was born in 1750, married first in June 1779, Catharine Copley,
daughter of the late Sir Joseph Copley, Bart, and by her, who
died September 13th, 1791, had,

First, James, Viscount Hamilton, member of parliament for
Leskeard, I8O7.

Second, Lord Claude, member of parliament for Dungannon,
in Tyroneshire, 1 8O7.

Third, Lady Harriot.

Fourth, Lady Catharine, married July 28th, 1805, George
Earl of Aberdeen.

Fifth, Lady Mary.

His Lordship was created Margiuis of Abercorn, October
2d, 1790.

On March 4th, 1792, he remarried his cousin Lady Cecil
Hamilton, from whom he was divorced in 1798.

He married thirdly, Lady Anne Jane Hatton, relict of Henry
Hatton, Esq. of Great Clonard in Ireland, and daughter of Arthur
Gore, Earl of Arran.

Titles. Sir James Hamilton, Viscount Strabane, Earl and
Baron of Abercorn, Baron of Strabane, Paisley, Mouncastle, and
Killpatrick, Viscount Hamilton, Marquis of Abercorn, and
Baronet.

Creations. Baronet, by King Charles II. ; Baron of Paisley
in the shire of Renfrew, anno 1591 5 Baron of Abercorn in the
county of Lanark, anno 1604, 2 Jac. I. Earl of the same place ;
Baron of Hamilton, Mouncastle, and Killpatrick, July 10th, ]6o6 j
4 Jac. I. Baron of Strabane, May 8th, 1618 j 16 Jac. I. Viscount
of Strabane and Baron Mouncastle in the county of Tyrone, De-
cember 2d, 1701, 13 Will. III. and Viscount Hamilton of Ha-
milton in the county of Leicester, August 8th, 1/86, 26 Geo. III.
and Marquis of Abereorn, October 2d, 1 790.

Arms. Gules, three cinquefoils pierced, ermine.

t Lords Jour. vol. iii. p. 35*.

536 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Crest. In a ducal coronet, or, an oak tree frncted and pene-
trated transversely through the main stem by a saw, proper, the
frame gold.

Supporters. Two antelopes, argent, their horns, ducal collars,
chains and hoofs, or.

Motto. Sola Nobilitat Virtus.

Chief Seats. Bentley Priory, Middlesex ; Dudingstone House,
Edinburghshire; and Baron's Court, Ireland.

MARQUIS CORNWALLIS. 537

CORNWALLIS, MARQUIS CORNWALLIS.

A family sprung from commerce, and settled honourably in
Suffolk more than four centuries ago.

William Harvey, Esq. Clarenceux king of arms, in his
Visitation of the county of Suffolk, made anno 1561, gives an ac-
count, that Thomas Cornwalleys of London, merchant, (as the
name was anciently wrote) the first of this family, mentioned in
the said Visitation, was a younger brother, and born in Ireland,
from whence the surname cometh, (where at this day be found
divers of that name) as appears by a deed indented in the forty-
first year of Edward III. and that this Thomas gave the same
arms which the house at the time of the said visitation did bear
with a Jess dancette, the like whereof (he says) is engraven in
stone upon the church porch of Ocley, near Broome j neverthe-
less, they do now bear, and of long time have borne, the Jess plain ;
which deed, with the seal of arms and the escutcheon upon the
porch, as is aforesaid, the said Clarenceux testifies to have seen in
his said visitation. ,

Which Thomas Cornwalleys was sheriff of London in 13/8,
and married Jane, daughter of William Hansard, a and relict of
Henry Farmer, and dying b on January 4th, 1384, was buried in
the church of St. Martin's Vintry, London, with this inscription :
u Hie jacet Thomas Cornwallis quondam civis London, qui oliit
quarto die Januarii, Ann. Dom. 1384. Cujus, &c."

He was succeeded by John Cornwallis, his son and heir, who

» Pedigree of the Nobility, by Hugh Cothgrave, Richmond Herald.
• ' b Weever's Fun. Mon. 406.

538 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

added to his patrimony the lordships of Broome, and Ocley, with
other lands, in the county of Suffolk, by marriage with Philippe,
daughter and one of the heirs of Robert Bucton, who died pos-
sessed of the said manors, &c. on December 17th, 1408, c and
whose wife was daughter and heir of Braham, d who married the
daughter and heir of Sir Robert a Tye. This John Cornwallis,
Esq. was elected e one of the knights of the shire for Suffolk, in
two parliaments in the reign of Richard II. and died in August
1446, 14 Henry VI. as appears by the date of his will, and the
probate thereof, the lirst being on the 10th, and the latter on the
23d of the same month in that year. f

By this testament he bequeaths his body to be buried in the
church of St. Martin's Vintry, London, and wills, that his daughter
Catharine be under the guardianship of Walter Clouvyll, till she
comes to the age of fourteen or fifteen years, and that a true in-
ventory be taken of all his goods, for his executors to dispose of
them in alms, and other works of charity, for the health of his
soul, as they see expedient; and ordains Walter Clouvyll, his
cousin, and John Cornwallis, his son, executors.

But Thomas Cornwallis, Esq. was his eldest son and heir,
who took to wife * Philippe, daughter and heir of Edward Tyrrel,
of Downham, in the county of Essex, Esq. and died the year after
his father, h on the Monday after the feast of the blessed Virgin
Maty, in 15 Henry VI. leaving Thomas his son and heir, twenty-
one years of age, and upwards.

Which Thomas Cornwallis, Esq.1 was returned one of the
knights for the county of Suffolk, in 28 Henry VI. and left issue,
John, Edward, Robert, William, and Catharine, married to Francis
Froxmer, Esq.

John, the eldest son, succeeded to the lordships of Broome,
&c. but died without issue in the twenty-second year of King
Henry the seventh, 1506, as appears by his last will and testa-
ment, and the probate thereof, which bears date November 29th,
the same year. And, forasmuch as it shews the custom of those
times, I shall insert it in his own words :

c He lies buried at Ockley, with the following inscription: Hie jacet Ro-
bertux Bucton Armiger, Dominm ft Patronus istius -vilhy qui obiit xvii die mensis
Dtcembris, anno Domini MCCCCVJIL eujus anime propitietur Deus." Ibid. 764.
«j MS. Cothgrave, prsed. in Bibl. Joh. Anstis, Arm.

• Pryn's Brev Pari, first part, p. 86.

f Ex Regist. in Cur. Praerogat. Cant, vocat. LufFenham, qu. 20.

* Ex Stemmate, per H. Cothgrave.

d Esc. 15 Hen. VI. n. 13. » Pryn's Brev. Pari. p. 86.

MARQUIS CORNWALLIS. 539

•■ In the name k of God, Amen. I John Cornwaleys, of
Broome in the county of Suff. Squyer, being of whole mynde and
good memory, the XVI day of August, the yere of our Lord
God MVC. VI. make my testament in this wise. First, I bequeth
my soul to Almighty God, our Lady Seint Mary, and to all the
holy company of hevyn j my body to be buried in the chauncell
of the churche of our Lady of Broome, nygh to the walle of my
chapell there, if that I die in the said parish of Brome, or nygh to
it. And if I die elliswhere, as it shall please God, to be buried
where myn executor or assign shall think most convenient. I
bequeth to the parson of the saide churche of Brome, for breking
of the grounde in the highe chauncell, VI '. VIII d. I bequeth to
the highe alltar in the said churche VIs. VIII d. for my tiths for-
gotten, and other dutyes neglected. Item, I bequeth to the belles
of the saide churche of Broome XX s. Item, I bequeth to the re-
parations of the saide churches of Okely XX8, Struston XXs and
Thranston XX', to the church of Bartyllesdon XXs, in Essex.
Item, I bequeth to Ellyn Barker, my servant, VIs. VIII d. Item,
I bequeth to my nece, Elizabeth Froxmore, X,b, and to hyr sus-
tenaunce LXVIS VIII d.; and to my nece Elizabeth Cornwalleys
LXVI*. VIII d.j and to Agnes Fastolfe Xlb. to hir marriage.
Item, I will and bequeth that myn executors shall leve at Lyng
Hall, theiras now I dwell, to hym that shall be myn heyre these
pressis following : first, in the chapell my greate masse booke, a
vestiment of silke, one challice, one corporas case with a corps
therein. In the hall, the table, formys, and all the brewying
vessell and standards in the brewhouse and bakehouse, one hole
plow, a cart and V horse to go withall. A gilt goblet with a
cover, that was my faders, and a gilt cuppe with a cover standing.
A grete potte of brasse, and a secunde potte of brassej II spits, a
grete and a lesse ; II coberdy, and a garnish of vessell in the
chambyr ovyr the parlour j the bedde of bokkys tester seder, cor-
teyns, counterpoynt, fether-bedde, bolster, and II pelowes, and
one payre of blanketts. Item, I bequeth to the priour and monkys
of Ey abbey XXs. Item, I bequeth to the churche of Ey four
combe whete ; to the churche of Oxon, IIII combe whete ; to the
churche of Dysse, IIII combe whete ; to the churche of Palgrave,
one combe whete ; to the churche of Shotle, one combe whete;
to the churche of Billingford, one combe whete j to the churche
of Yaxley, a combe whete : the residue of my goodes and corn at

* Ex Regist. vocat. Adean, qu iz.

545 PE ERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Bartillisdon, at London, or elliswhere in the realme of England,
not bequethide, my dettis and my bequessts payde, I give frely
unto Elisabeth, now my wife. Item, I bequeth to a preest to
syng and pray for my soule, my faders soule, my moders soule, all
my frendys soules, and all cristeyn soules for III yeres, XXII 1 1
marc sterling. Item, I ordeyn and make to the execution of mys
testament, and other my last wille, Elisabeth now my wife, my
broder William Cornewalleys, and Robart Melton, to whome I
give for their labour eche of them LXVI 3 VIII d ; and my brother
Robart Cornewaleys. Theise bearing witnesse, John Whitte,
Doctour, William Singulton, John Constable, Clerk, person of
Brome, John Clerk. Also, I bequeth to the abbote of Bury myn
ambulling nagge, that I bought of John Revet. Also, I bequeth
to John Reve, my godson, XXs."

His brother, Edward Cornwaleys, succeeded to the estate,
and died without issue four years after him, as appears by a grave
stone at the upper end of the chancel of the church of Broome
(where he was buried) which had this inscription engraved on
brass : l

Orate p Ala Edivardi Cornwallys Arm

qui olyit IIII die Septembris Anno dni MDX.

Cujus Aice propitietur Deus.

To him succeeded Robert Cornwaleys, his brother and
heir, m who married a daughter of the family of Mountney, and,
dying likewise without issue, was succeeded by his younger
brother,

William Cornwallis, who though his brethren were
living,11 was among those gentlemen of the county of Suffolk,
who were certified in 18 Henry VII. to have an estate sufficient
to support the degree of a Knight of the Bath, several being to
take that order on the creation of Henry Prince of Wales, Feb.
*18th, 1502-3. And, in 5 Henry VIII. he was among ° the prin-
cipal persons of the county of Suffolk, nominated by act of parlia-
ment, as most discreet persons, justices of the peace, for assessing
a subsidy of one hundred and sixty-three thousand pounds, by a
poll-tax, &c. for defraying the cxpence of taking Terouenne and

i Weever, p. 765. m Ex Stemmate.

■ MS. Not. B. 5. in Bibl. Joh. Anstis, Arm Gart Reg. Arm.

6 Rot Pari Ann. 5 & 6 Hen. VIII.

MARQUIS CORNWALLIS. 541

Tourney. He took to wife Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of
John Stanford, Esq. and departed this life in November, A. D.

1519-

By his will, dated on November 8th, 1519, the probate whereof
being on the 29th following, p " He orders his body to be buried
in the church of St. Nicholas of Ockley, and bequeaths IIP IV d
to the high altar of that church, and VIs VIIId to the* high altar
of the parish church of Broome. He also wills, that an honest
priest be provided to sing for his soul, and all his friends souls, in
the church of Ockley, for the space of one year, and that VIII
mark VIs VIII d be given him for his wages. He bequeaths to
Elizabeth, his wife, the manor of Bixley, with the appurtenances
and purchased lands thereunto belonging, for term of her life, as
also her own inheritance in Bedfordshire, with all the purchased
lands thereto belonging j and, after the decease of the wife of his
brother John, his place in London called Barones; but that the
residue of his sister-in-law's jointure should, as to the rents, go
yearly to the fulfilling of his will. He bequeaths legacies to his
daughters, Prudence, Edith, ArYra, Catherine, and Dorothy -, and
the residue of his purchased lands to John his son and heir, and
to his heirs male ; in default to his next heirs ; ordaining the
Lord Bishop of Norwich supervisor of his will, and his wife Eliza-
beth, and Thomas Golding, Clerk, his executors."

He was buried at Ockley, 1 as is evident from a grave-stone in
the east end of the chancel of the church, whereon is engraved
the following inscription ; but the time of his death is not truly
set down :

Orate pro animalus Willielmi Cornwalles et
Elisalethe uxoris sue qui quidem IVillieimus ohiit
Anno Domini MDxx Quorum animalus propitietur
Dcus. Amen.

The said Elizabeth, his wife, lived a widow upwards of seven-
teen years, and, writing herself of Thrandeston, r makes her will
on May 30th, 1537, ordering her body to be buried in the chancel
of the church of Thrandeston, and ordains Thomas Cornwallis,
Clerk, her second son, executor. Which Thomas was archdeacou

p Ex Regist. Ayloff, qu. 24. <J Weever, p. 764-

r Ex Regist. Underwood, 44 MS. Not. C.4. in Bibl. Joh. AnstU.

342 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

of Norwich 3 and, besides John Cornwalleys before-mentioned,
she had other sons, viz.

Edward, groom-porter to Queen Elizabeth.

Fourth, William, and

Fifth, Francis Cornwallis of Peckham, in the parish of Cam-
berwell in Surry, who succeeded his brother Edward in the place
of groom-porter to Queen Elizabeth.

They had also seven daughters, viz. Elizabeth, married to . ..
Shingletonj Frances, to Sir Anthony Aucher, of Otterden in Kent,
Knight, ancestor to the Auchers, Baronets, of Bishopsbourne in
that county, now extinct 5 Dorothy, to John Head, of Kent 5 Ca-
tharine, a nun at Elstow ; Prudence, wedded to ... . Roydon ;
Edith j and the wife of Barwick.

Sir John Cornwallis (eldest son and heir of William) was
in the expedition in the thirteenth of Henry VIII. with the Earl
of Surry, lord high admiral, who, after scouring the seas, landed
at Morlaix in Bretagne, s and Mr. Cornwallis, behaving himself
with great bravery in storming the town, had then the honour of
knighthood conferred on him by the said Earl.

About the forty-sixth year of his age,1 he was by King
Henry VIII. called to be steward of the household to Prince Ed-
ward his son. In which office he served six years, and departed
this life at Ashnige in com. Bucks, on April 23d, 1544. His last
will bears date on April 10th, 1544, 35 Henry VIII. u; and the
probate thereof on July 9th, following. " He first commends his
soul to Almighty God, and to the whole company of heaven, and
his body to be buried with christian burial, where it shall please
God to suffer him to depart this world. He orders his executors
to distribute, within one month after his decease, rive pounds
among poor householders within the parishes of Broome, Ocleye,
Stuston, Thrandeston, Yaxley, and other towns adjoining, wherein
any of his lands lie, to be divided equally between them. He be-
queaths to Thomas, his son and heir, all the furniture of his
houses at Broome in Suffolk, Frense in the county of Norfolk, or
elsewhere, within the realm of England ; likewise all his cattle,
corn, &c. upon condition that he gives to his two sisters, Anne
and Mary, their double marriage apparel, according to the degree
of every such person or persons they should marry withal. He

• Hall's Chronicle, p. 100. a and b.
* Harvey's Vis. de Com. Suff u Ex Regift Prynn, qu. ij.

MARQUIS CORNWALLIS. 543

bequeaths to his daughter, the wife of the said Thomas, his wife's
gown of black velvet. To his son Henry, his own gown of
tawney taffata. To his son Richard, his ward Margaret Lowthe,
which he bought of my Lord of Norfolk, to marry her himself,
if they both will be so contented; but if not, that he should have
the wardship and marriage of her, with all advantages and profits.
And whereas he had a grant from Richard, x late bishop of Nor-
wich, of the advowson and presentation of the archdeaconry of
Norfolk, he wills, that, when it falls void, his executors present
his son William to it, if so be he takes upon him priest's orders ;
but if he be not minded so to do, that he should have the nomi-
nation to the said archdeaconry. He moreover bequeaths to his
daughter Anne his ring with the rock ruby in it, and three
hundred marks to her marriage portion 5 as also to his daughter
Mary three hundred marks, to be paid on the day or days of their
marriages ; and, if one dies, the other to have her portion. He
gives to his daughter Hasset his wife's gown of black sattin; and
to my Lady Hasset his gilt cup with the cover, that had the two
ears with an antick boy with a child in his hand on it. He be-
queaths to his brother Edward his gown of black damask wealted
with velvet, and furred with marterns. To his brother Francis,
his gown of black sattin lined with velvet $ and to his brother
William, such of his apparel as his executors shall think fir, and
that he should have an annuity of 5 1, for life, out of his lands in
Broome, payable at the four usual feasts, as also his board with
his son Thomas, or on refusal, a further annuity of 61. 13s. Ad.
The rest of all his goods, moveable and immoveable, with all his
manors, lands, &c. in the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, Middlesex,
and London, he disposes by deed of settlement on Thomas his son
and heir ; and constitutes him, with the Lady Bl en nerh asset, and
John Blennerhasset, his son-in-law, executors."

It further appears by the will and settlement, that this Sir John
Cornwallis was a gentleman of great parts and integrity, an in-
dulgent and careful father, as well as a kind master to his ser-
vants, and a master of economy, as appears by the purchases
therein mentioned. A noble tomb is erected to his ir.emory in
the chancel of the church of Broome, the figures of him and his
lady lying thereon, under an arch ; he in complete armour, with
a white staff in his hand, and a spotted greyhound, dun and white,
couched at his feet 5 and, at her feet, a hound, spotted red and

* Richard Nix.

544 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

white, with four escutcheons on either side, and three on the west
end, with this inscription round the tomb :

Johannes Cornwalleis miles Willelmi Cornwalleis
Armigerifilius, in Domo Principis Edowardi Oeconomus,
et uxor cjusdem Maria Edwardi Sulliard de Essex
Filia. Qui quidem Johannes XXIII Apr His, Anno
Dom. M. D, xliiii. oliit Astrugie in Comitatu Buckingham,
cum ibidem Princeps Edivardus versareturJ

But Harvey, in the before-mentioned Visitation, says,vhe lieth
buried at Berkhamsted, in Bocking, Essex. By his wife, Mary,
daughter of Edward SuJyard, of Otes in Essex, Esq. he had issue
four sons :

First, Thomas.

Second, Henry, z ancestor to those of the name at Buxton in
Norfolk. a

Third, Richard Cornwallis, Esq. third son, married, according
to the appointment of his father, Margaret Lowthe, daughter and
heir of Lionel Lowthe, of Sawtry Beaumys in com. Hunt. Esq.b
and was father of Sir Thomas Cornwallis, groom-porter to Queen
Elizabeth and King James, c who died on November 18th, If3l8,
(and is buried at Porchester in Hampshire, where his monument
is yet remaining) leaving issue by Elizabeth his wife, second
daughter of John Molineux, of Thorp in com. Nott. Esq. three
sons d and one daughter.

Fourth, William.

Likewise three daughters j Elizabeth, married to John Blen-
nerhasset; Anne, to Thomas Kente, of Suffolk j and Mary, to
Edward Hassets, of Devonshire.

Weever's Fun. M. 764.

* Weever mentions a monument for an Henry Cornwallis, Esq. p. 765.

a A younger son of his is mentioned by Sir Charles Cornwallis in one of
his letters from Spain, 1606, as lately visiting that kingdom, having a long time
affected the religion that best suited it, though his mother very earnestly af-
fected the contrary ; and in another letter, immediately subsequent, he men-
tions his death- He calls him *« son to his dearest uncle Henry Cornwallis
deceased, to whom of all his friends, his father only excepted, he was most
beholding." Winwood's Mem. vol. ii p. 260, 278.
6 Inquis. post mortem, 9 Eliz.
c Le Neve's Mon. Ang. vol. i p. 68-

6 Sir Charles Cornwallis mentions one of these sons, who had attended
him in his suite to Spain, as in danger of conversion to popery; and sends him
away on that account to Sir George Carew, at Paris. Winw. Mem. vol. ii.
P 295-

MARQUIS CORNWALLIS. 545

Thomas Cornwallis, eldest son of Sir John, received e the
honour of knighthood at Westminster, on December 1st, 1548,
and, on the commotion in Norfolk, under Robert Ket the tanner,
1549, bringing forces to the assistance of the Marquis of North-
ampton, who was sent to suppress those rebels, behaved himself
with great bravery in entering the city of Norwich, together with
the Lord Sheffield, who was there slain j and Sir Thomas, being
overpowered, f was taken prisoner, and detained till the King's
forces relieved him. He was* sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, in
1553, the last year of the reign of that King; and coming with
the forces of those counties, to the aid of Queen Mary, wrho, at
the time of the decease of King Edward, was at Framlingham
Castle in Suffolk, it was the principal means of advancing that
Princess to the throne. h

He was also very instrumental in suppressing Wyat's insur-
rection 3 [ and, with the Earl of Sussex, and Sir Edward Hastings,
was commissioned for the trial of Sir Thomas Wyat, who was be-
headed on April 11th, 1554. Whereupon he was sworn k of the
privy-council, and constituted Treasurer of Calais j from whence
he was recalled, ' not full two months before the taking of the
said town by the French, on January 8th, 1557-8. He served in
parliament, in 1 Mariae, for Gatton in Surry, m and in the fourth
and fifth of Philip and Mary, was elected one of the knights for
the county of Suffolk. On December 25th, 1557, he was made n
comptroller of the household, being in great favour with the
Queen, who placed a special confidence in him, and relied on his
councils. He was sent to the before-mentioned Sir Thomas
Wyat, at Dartford in Kent, to know the cause of his taking arms,0
and was also sent to the Princess Elizabeth at Ashbridge, to ac-
quaint her with the Queen's pleasure, that she should imme-
diately repair to London. And when it was debated in council
to send that Princess out of England, with design to exclude her
from the succession,0 Sir Thomas Cornwallis, by his arguments,
dissuaded the Queen from it, alledging, that the people of Eng-

c MS. Claudius, C. 3, in Bibl. Cotton.

f Speed's Chronicle, p. 808. B Fuller, p. 270.

» Speed, p. 816. * Holinshed's Chronicle, p. 1103.

k Strype's Memorials, vol . iii p. 479. 1 Harvey, praed.

■ Ex Coll. B.Willis, Arm

n Strype, vol. iii. p. 387. c Speed, p 821.

p Camden's Eliz. in Hist of England, vol. ii p 3C8.

VOL. II. 2 N

516 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

land would take it very ill, nay, would not at all endure, that the
next heir to the crown should be conveyed out of the land. On
Queen Elizabeth's accession to the crown, being not of her reli-
gion, * he was left out of the privy-council, and removed from his
place of comptroller of the household, which induced him to re-
tire into the country, r where he rebuilt his mansion house of
Brome Hall} and departing this life on December 24th, 1 604, in
the eighty-sixth year of his age, had sepulture with his ancestors
in the church at Brome. A fine marble tomb is erected to his
memory, against the north wall of the chancel, whereon are the
statues of him and his lady carved in stone ; he in armour, and at
his feet a white buck couched, with a wreath about his neck of
green acorns proper, wounded in his left shoulder: and at her feet
is a falcon issuant, sejant, out of a crown, Or, this inscription
being on the tomb : v

Here lies Sir Thomas Cornwallis, son of Sir John,
who was of Queen Mary princely councell, and
Treasurer of Cales, and after Controller of her
Majesties household, in especial! grace and trust
of his mistress at his untimely death.

He took to wife Anne, daughter of Sir John Jerningham, of
Somerlaytown in com. Surf. Knight, by whom he had issue two
sons, William, and Charles.

Also three daughters, Elizabeth, married to Sir Thomas Kitson,
of Hengrave in com. SufF. Knight j Anne, wife of William
Halse, of Devonshire, Esq. j and Alice, wedded to Richard South-
well, Esq. s

Charles Cornwallis, the second son, was highly esteemed
for his eminent abilities. He was knighted by King James I. e
at the Charter House, May 11th, 1603, and sent by him ambas-
sador into Spain, where he resided till l6og with great reputation.
His negociations in the embassy form a very prominent feature of
this reign. The letters which relate them fill a large part of the
second volume, and a portion of the third, of WinwoocTs Memo-

9 Camden's Eliz. in Hist, of England, vol. ii. p. 369.
r Descript. of Suffolk, MS.
• Of whose ill usage her brother Sir Charles Cornwallis complains. He
was ancestor to Lord De Clifford.

t Philpot's Cat. of Knights, p. 6.

MARQUIS CORNWALLIS. 54;

rials; and are written with uncommon talent, clearness, and
energy. They exhibit also perpetual traits of a feeling and moral
mind ; while they shew a warmth of patriotic sentiment,' and betray
incessant uneasiness at the pusillanimity and selfish policy of the
court he was doomed to serve. u Notwithstanding these im-
portant employments, it is singular, that his name scarce occurs
in our general histories ; so imperfectly are they for the most part
compiled. Whoever is curious regarding the Cornwallis family
at this period, will find in these letters many incidental notices of
its connections, which will interest him.

In l6lO, when the household of Henry, Prince of Wales, was
established, Sir Charles Cornwallis was constituted treasurer to his
Royal Highness, an account of whose life and death he wrote j x
and, departing this life, had sepulture in the parish church of St.
Giles's in the Fields, London. By Elizabeth, his first wife,
daughter of Thomas Famham, of Fincham in com. Norf. he had
issue two sons, Sir William, and Thomas. The former was a
most ingenious gentleman, as appears by Essays he wrote on
several suljects,y wherein he has livelily displayed, with great
wit and judgment, the chief characters of life ; which were first
published in 1602. In 1 602 he was knighted jz and by Catha-
rine his wife, daughter of Sir Philip Parker, of Arwarton in com.
SufF. left issue Charles his son and heir.

The before-mentioned Sir Charles Cornwallis, by his second
wife Anne, daughter of Thomas Barrow, and widow of Ralph
Selden, Esq. had issue a Sir Francis Cornwallis, who took to wife
Elizabeth, sole daughter and heir of Sir Henry Jones, of Aber-
marles in the county of Carmarthen, Bart, by whom he was
father of Thomas Cornwallis, Esq. a most accomplished gentle-
man, who married Emma, daughter of Sir Job Charlton, of Lud-
ford in Herefordshire, Knight, and Bart. ; and dying on July 1(5,
1703, aged thirty-three years, left one son, Francis Cornwallis, of
Abermarles, Esq. wrhose daughter and heir, Elizabeth, married,

u When he quitted Spain, he left his secretary, Francis Cottington, after-
wards Lord Cottington, to manage the English affairs there. Winw. Mem.
vol. iii p. 69.

* Dr. Birch calls this M a mere pamphlet, extremely superficial and un-
satisfactory."

y They are entitled, Essays by Sir William Cornivalleys theyounger> Knight,
and were republished more than once. There was an edition in i(>3z, small
octavo. See Cens. Lit- vol vi. p 168.

2 Quere this date? « I nscript Tumuli.

548 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

1718, Sir Thomas Maude, of Ireland, Bart. ; b and rive daughters
surviving; and was buried by his grandfather, father, and brother
Charles, in the church of St. Giles's, London; and a monument
was erected to his memory on the south side of the chancel, with
an inscription, which gives him a fine character.0 But on the
rebuilding of that church, his body was taken up and re-interred
in a vault (under the monument erected for Dr. Robinson, bishop
of London) in Fulham church-yard, d where are likewise de-
posited the remains of two of his daughters, Laetitia, who died at
Nemours in France, in her way to Aix, whither she was going for
the recovery of her health, 1/40, aged forty-six j and Emma,
who died in J 714, aged thirteen, as appears by a monument
erected for them against the east end of the church. One of his
daughters, Frances, was second wife to Sir Charles Lloyd, of Mil-
field in the county of Cardigan, Knight and Bart, father to the
late Sir Charles, and likewise of Sir Lucius Christianus Lloyd,
Barts. Emma, their mother, surviving him, was married secondly
to Dr. John Robinson, bishop of London; and died January
1748. e

William Cornwallis, elder brother of the said Sir Charles,
embarking with Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, in his expedi-
tion against the rebels in Ireland, 15gy, f was, for his services in
that kingdom, knighted at Dublin, on August 5th, the same year. s
He had to his first wife Lucy, eldest daughter and coheir of John
Nevill, Lord Latimer, who died 1577> and of Lucy his wife,
daughter to Henry, Earl of Worcester, h by whom he had issue. l

b Sir Thomas Maude, ofDundrum in Ireland, Bart, married in January
1718, Eleanor, daughter and heir of Francis Cornwallis, Esq. of Acton in Mid-
dlesex, and was father of Sir Thomas, created Lord de Monta/ttijj6, who died
1777, and of Sir Cornwallis Maude, created Lord de Montalt 1785, and Viscount
Haxuarden 1791 : who sold Abermarles to the present admiral Foley.
c See Le Neve's Mon. Angl. vol. i. p. 63.
d Lysons's Envir. vol. ii. p. 374. e ibid- p. 386.

f Cat. of Knights, MS.
* He was however an enemy of Essex ; and troubled Queen Elizabeth's
ears with tales of him. Birch's Queen Elizabeth, vol ii. p. 96; and Sidney
Papers, vol i p. 34.8. He seems to have been a doubtful character. Lord
Northampton calls him Sir Charles's " unkind brother;" and says in the
next page (the letter was written in 1605) " ne looketh daily for the death of
the poor woman," (probably his wife) " that he may both raise his own for-
tune, and as he thinks supplant your hopes," &c. Winw. Mem. vol. ii.
P 93»94-

n Xysons's Env. vol. ii. p. 468. i Ex Stemmate.

MARQUIS CORNWALLIS. 54g

William, who died young, A. D. 1565, * and was buried at Hen-
grave, as a grave-stone in that church shews ; Thomas, second
son j and four daughters, Frances, married to Sir Edward Withi-
pole, Knight ; Elizabeth, in 1592, to William Sands, heir to
Walter Sands, k Esq. ; Catharine, to Richard Farmer, Esq. ; and
Anne, second wife, 1609, to Archibald Campbell, seventh Earl of
Argyll.1

By his second wife, Jane, daughter of Hercules Mewtas, Esq.
who survived him, and was afterwards the wife of Sir Nathaniel
Bacon, m of Culford in Suffolk, Knight of the Bath, he had issue
Frederick Cornwallis, who, for his eminent services, was created
Lord Cornwallis ; but his father, Sir William, was succeeded in
the greatest part of his estate by his son and heir,

Thomas, who was " elected one of the knights for the county
of Suffolk, in the first parliament called by King Charles I. and
departing this life unmarried, the year after, was succeeded by
his brother,

Frederick, first Peer, who, in his youth, was introduced
by his uncle, Sir Charles Cornwallis, into the service of ° Prince
Henry, eldest son of King James I. and, being also in the service
of Charles I. when Prince of Wales, waited on him in his journey
to Spain, in 1623. After succeeding his brother, he was created
a Baronet, p by letters patent bearing date Maii 4th, 1627,
3 Car. I. and received the order of knighthood ^ at Whitehall,
December 30th, 1630. He was elected to parliament for the
borough of Eye, in 15 Charles I. as also in 1640, when, discern-
ing that the violent measures of the predominant party tended to
the ruin of his countiy, he opposed their proceedings with some
warmth, and thereupon r was inserted in the list of those who
were maligned, under the title of Straffordians. He retired with
his Majesty, and sat among those members s assembled at Ox-
ford, in January 1643-4 ; about which time, Elizabeth, his first
lady, departing this life, was buried in Christ church in that
city.

He was concerned in most of the principal actions in the civil

1 See Malcolm's Lond. Rediv. vol. ii p. 203.
k Ibid vol. i. p 343. I Ibid, and Douglas's Peerage of Scotland.

,n See Walpole's Anccd. of Paint, vol i. p. 280.

• Ex Collect. B. Willis. Arm. • Lloyd's Memoirs, p. 662.

p Pat 3 Car. I. * Cat of Knights, p 14.

' Rushworth's Collect, vol. iv. p. 248.

» Annals of King Charles, p. 879.

550 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

wars, and distinguished for his gallant behaviour on several occa-
sions, particularly in the fight at Cropredy bridge in com. Oxon.
June 30th, 1044, where * he rescued the Lord Wilmot, then taken
prisoner by the rebels. And, when all places had surrendered to
the parliament, and his estate was sequestered, he followed King
Charles II. in his exile ; was in his triumphant entry through his
city of London,, May 29th, lfjfjO, and the next day was declared
treasurer of his Majesty's household, and sworn of his privy-
council. u On the death of Nicholas Bacon, he was that year
chosen member for Ipswich. On April 20th, 1661, three days
before his Majesty's coronation, he was created a Baron of the
realm by the title of Lord Cornwallis, of Eye in com Suff.
" having (as the x preamble to the patent sets forth) from his
youth with great fidelity, served King Charles the First, in court
and camp, for which he suffered the loss of his estate, imprison-
ment, and exile ; and, in testimony of the high esteem his Ma-
jesty had of his merits, he advanced him to the said degree and
dignity."

He died suddenly of an apoplectick fit, generally lamented,
being, as one characterises him,y " a man of so chearful a spirit,
that no sorrow came next his heart ; and of so resolved a mind,
that no fear came into his thoughts ; so perfect a master of courtly
and becoming raillery, that he could do more with one word in
jest, than others could do with' whole harangues in earnest 3 a
well spoken man, competently seen in modern languages, and of
a comely and goodly personage." This noble Lord lies buried
with his ancestors in the chancel of the church of Broome ; and,
on a monument erected to his memory, is the following in-
scription :

Exuvice Prcenolilis Viri Frederici Dni
Cornwallis, Baronis de Eye, Hospitii Regii
Thesaurarii, et Regice Majeslatis a Secretioribus
Consiliis : Qui eoc lma Uxore Dom. Elizabetha
Ashburnham (Oxonii in JEde Christi tumulata)
Quatuor suscepit Liberos, Carolum et
Fredericum, Henriettam Mariam, et Georgium
Defunctos. Ex 2** Dom?. Eliz. Crofts, Post '
Multos in Infantia abreptos, unicavi Janam

1 Lloyd, p 663. " Baker's Chron. ?th*Edit. p 713.

* Bill, sign An. 13 Car. II. ) Lloyd's Memoirs, p. 663.

MARQUIS CORNWALLIS. 55 1

• * Super stitem. Hie pro inconcussa in Regent
Fide proscriptionem et exilium Passus a per-
duellibus, Tandem Ccelestem Invenit Patriam,
Et in Grcmio restauratce Ecclesia placide
Oldormivit Ultimo Die Januarii
AnnoSalu. MDCLXI.

By Elizabeth, his first lady, daughter of Sir John Ashburn-
ham, of Ashburnham in com. Suss. Knight, by Elizabeth Beau-
mont his wife, Baroness Cramond in Scotland, and sister to the
Countess of Bucks, mother of George Villiers, Duke of Bucking-
ham, he had issue three sons j first, Charles, his successor 5 second,

Frederick, who married Anne, daughter of Barber, and

left three daughters Jane, married at Paris, May 14th, N. S. and
May 4th, O. S. 1682, to Anthony Duncombe, (son of Alexander,
late of Bucks, Esq. by whom she had the late Lord Feversham,)
Anne, and Catherine ; third, George ; and a daughter Hen-
rietta Maria, who died unmarried. By his second wife, Eliza-
beth, daughter of Sir Henry Crofts, of Saxham in com. SufF.
Knight, he left an only child, Jane, baptised on October 1st, 1641,
and married to William son and heir of Sir John Duncombe, of
Battlesden, in com. Bedf. Knight.

Charles, second Lord Cornwallis, was elected one of
the members for the borough of Eye, to the parliament which re-
stored King Charles II. and was one of the knights made on April
19th, 1661, four days before his Majesty's coronation. He de-
parted this life on April 13th, 1(3/3, and was buried near Margaret
his wife, at Culford in the county of Suffolk, the 17th following.
She was daughter of Thomas Playsted, Esq. and died five years
before him. In the chancel of Culford church in Suffolk, is the
following inscription :

Depositum Lectissimce Heroines, D. MARGARETS
CORNWALLIS, Castiss. Conjugis CAROLI CORNWAL-
LIS Baronis de Eye, quce bonis natalilus orta, claris
sponsalibus decorata, numerosa progenie circumsepta,
Ipsa sili Monumentumfuit optimum. FREDERI-
CUM, NATHANIELEM3 JACOBUM, ANNAM, ELIZA-
BETH AM (Juxta sepult.) Gratas Deo animas, Deo prce-
misit. CAROLUM, FREDERICUM, GULIELMUM,
GEORGIUM, HENRIETTAM MARIAM reliuuit super-

552 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

stites. Ali Viator, et disce. quod tanta Virtus potuit, nee po-
tuit mori. Olijt 6to die Martij Anno 1668. Monu-
mentum hoc in memoriam dilectissimee Conjugis CJ-
ROLUS CORNWALL^ mcerens superstes P. C.

Of the sons mentioned in the above inscription, Charles, the
third, but eldest surviving, only had issue, and all the daughters
died unmarried.

Charles, third Lord, eldest surviving son of the last Lord,
was baptised on December 28th, 1055, and z took his seat in the
house of peers, February 15th, 1676. He first married, on De-
cember 27th, 1673, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir Stephen
Fox, Knight, father to Stephen, late Earl of Ilchesterj and se-
condly, in May 1688, Anne Scot, Duchess of Monmouth and
Buccleugh, widow of James, Duke of Monmouth 5 by which lad^
(who survived him, and died on February 6th, 1731-2), he had
issue one son, Lord George Scot, who died young, and was buried
in Westminster abbey, on May 27th> 1693 ; also two daughters,
Lady Anne Scot, buried in Westminster abbey, on July 25th,
l6gOj and Lady Isabella Scot, who died unmarried, on February
18th, 1748. His Lordship was distinguished for one of the most
accomplished gentlemen of the age,a and was in the especial favour
of King William, who swore him of his privy-council, on March
1st, 1691-2, and at the same time declared him first lord commis-
sioner of the admiralty. He was, on March 28th, 1689, consti-
tuted lord lieutenant, and, on June 8th following, custos Rotu-
lorum of the county of Suffolk j also, in 1697, high steward of
the corporation of Ipswich : and departing this life on April 29th,
1698, was buried at Broome, on May 5th following. He had,
by his first lady, four sons, Charles, William, James, and John,
who all died unmarried, except his eldest son.

Charles, fourth Lord Cornwallis, made several cam-
paigns in Flanders under King William. He was elected to par-
liament for the borough of Eye ; and took his seat in the house
of peers, on May 11th, 1698 : also succeeded his father as lord
lieutenant of the county of Suffolk ; on the accession of Queen

z Journal Dom. Procer.
« In the Memoirs of Crammont, p. zzx, it is said that he was extravagant,
and gambled, and that Sir Stephen Fox paid his debts. But this book is
not always to be relied on.

MARQUIS CORNWALLIS. 553

«

Anne, was continued lord lieutenant and custos rotnlorum of the
said county.

His Lordship was married, on June 1st, l6gg, to Lady Char-
lotte Butler, daughter, and at length sole heir, to Richard Earl of
Arran, Baron Weston in England, second son of James, Duke of
Ormond, by whom he had issue j

First, Charles, born on March 29th, \70Q,jirst Earl of Corn-
tvallis.

Second, James, who was born on September l6th, 1701, and
was member for the borough of Eye in Suffolk, in 1722, and
commander of the Griffin fire-ship. He died on May 28th, 1727.

Third, Stephen Cornwallis, born on December 23d, 1703,
chosen b member for Eye in Suffolk, in 1727; also in the suc-
ceeding parliament; in February, 1732, he was constituted colonel
of the eleventh regiment of foot ; and brigadier general of his
Majesty's forces on July 17th, 1739; also major-general, Fe-
bruary 26th, 1742 j and died in May, 1743.

Fourth, John born on December 23d, 1706, and elected
member for Eye in Suffolk with his brother Stephen in 1727, aho
in the two succeeding parliaments j and was one of the equerries
to Frederick, Prince of Wales. He departed this life, June 9th,
1768, having had issue by his wife, Sarah, daughter of the Rev.
Hugh Dale, one son, John, who died young, and three daughters,
Sarah, wife of the Rev. Walter Earle, Charlotte and Mary, who
both died young.

Fifth, Richard, who was born on September 17th, 1708, was
gentleman usher, and daily waiter, to her late Majesty 5 and, in
December, 1737, was made equerry to the Duke of Cumberland.
He died unmarried at Rotterdam, from whence he was going to
Lisbon, for the recovery of his health, in February 174O-I.

Sixth, Edward, born on February 22d, 1713, who was major
of Bligb's (the 20th) regiment of foot, and served the campaigns
in Flanders in 1744, and 1745 : in which last year, William Gee,
the lieutenant colonel of that regiment, being killed at the battle
of Fontenoy, May 11th, N. S. he was that same month, ap-
pointed, by his late Majesty, his successor in that command.
Having been at the action of Culloden, April 27th, 1746, and
afterwards having given eminent proofs of his zeal to crush the
insurgents, he was, on March 23d, 1 748-9, invested with the

b British Pari Regiit. No. 178.

554 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

command of the twenty-fourth regiment of foot : and in consi-
deration of his further merit was advanced in 1757 to the rank of
major-general, from which he was promoted, December 5, 1760,
to that of lieu tenant -general. On the decease of his brother
Stephen Cornwallis, J 743, he was chosen in his place for Eye ;
and, during that parliament, having been made one of the grooms
of his Majesty's bed-chamber, and his election thereby vacated,
he was re-elected in January, 1 746-7. In the succeeding parlia-
ment, he was also chosen for the said borough j and being made
colonel of the said regiment of foot, during the sitting of that
parliament, and constituted governor of Placentia in Newfound-
land, and captain- general, and governor in chief, in and over his
Majesty's province of Nova Scotia, or Acadia, in America, a writ
was ordered, April 28th, 1749, for a new election. He then
went over to that country, and during his residence there, till
towards the end of 1752, acted with such prudence and ability,
that he acquired the love and esteem of the new colonists. On
the death of Sir Peter Warren, Knight of the Bath, and member
for Westminster, a writ being ordered, January 12th, 1753, for a
new election, he was unanimously chosen for that city -, which
he continued to represent, till he vacated his seat in parliament,
on being appointed governor of Gibraltar, in March, 1762 : he
diedc January 14th, 1776, at Bird-place in Hertfordshire : hav-
ing married, on March 17th, 1753, Mary, daughter of Charles,
second Lord Viscount Townshend, but she died without issue,
December 29th, 1776.

Seventh, Frederick, twin brother with the aforesaid Edward,
was Fellow of Christ College in Cambridge ; and, being one of
his Majesty's chaplains, was consecrated bishop of Lichfield and
Coventry, February 18th, 1 749-50 5 and, on August 13th, 1768,
was elected Lord Archbishop of Canterbury 5 was confirmed
at Bow church, September 30th, enthroned at Canterbury Oc-
tober 6th, and sworn of the privy council the next day. He mar-
ried, on February 8th, 17^9, Caroline, daughter of William
Townshend, Esq. third son of Charles, second Viscount Towns-
hend, but had no issue. He died March 19th, 1783, aet. seventy,
and was buried in Lambeth church.

Eighth, William ; and ninth, Henry, both deceased.

Also three daughters, Charlotte, Elizabeth, and Mary, de-
ceased.

« Coffin platr

MARQUIS CORNWALLIS. 555

His Lordship, on February 6th, 1715/ was constituted joint
postmaster-general with James Craggs, Esq. and, waiting on his
Majesty to Cambridge, had the degree of doctor in law conferred
on him, on October 6th, 17 17. He continued in his place of
postmaster-general, till he succeeded the Right Honourable Sir
Robert Walpole, April 8th, 1721, as paymaster-general of his
lale Majesty's forces, and of Chelsea college ; and was sworn of
the privy-council, November 1 1th, 1721. But departing this life,
on January 19th, 1721-2, in the forty-seventh year of his age, was
buried with his ancestors at Culford. And his lady died on Aug.
8th, 1725.

His eldest son Charles, fifth Lord and first Earl Corn-
wallis, was appointed, August 10th, 1721, one of the grooms
of the bed-chamber to George I. in the lifetime of his father ;
and, on his decease, was constituted lord chief justice and justice
in Eyre of all khe King's forests, &c. south of Trent. On the ac-
cession of our late Sovereign, he was again constituted lord chief
justice in Eyre j in which post he continued till the year 1740,
when, on May 13th, his Majesty appointed him constable of the
Tower of London, as also lord lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets,
being at the same time sworn of his Majesty's most honourable
privy-council. And his Majesty was pleased, on June 30th, 1753,
to create him an Earl and Viscount of Great Britain, by the style
and title of Viscount Broome, in the county of Suffolk, and Earl
Cornwallis. At the accession of his present Majesty, his Lord-
ship was continued constable of the Tower, &c. and at the council
table : but departed this life at the Hot Wells in Bristol, on June
23d, 1762, aet. sixty-two.

His Lordship, in 1722, married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of
Charles, second Viscount Townshend, by his first wife Elizabeth,
daughter of Thomas, Lord Pelham, and sister to Thomas, Duke of
Newcastle ; and by her had issue four sons :

First, Charles, second Earl and first Marquis Cornwallis.

Second, Henry, born on September 10th, 1740, and died in
April, 1761, in his way from Germany, being then a captain in the
army, and member for Eye, in Suffolk.

Third, James, born on February 25th, 1742-3, was educated
at Merton college, Oxford, took holy orders, was promoted to a
prebend of Westminster, and on April 29th, 1775, was installed
Dean of Canterbury. In September, 1781, he was consecrated
bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, which see he still retains. Ho

556 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

was married by the archbishop of Canterbury at Lambeth chapel,
April 30th, 1771* to Miss Mann, sister to the present Sir Horace
Mann, Bart, and daughter to Galfridus Mann, Esq. by whom he
has Elizabeth, born March 5th, 17/4; and James, born Sep-
tember 20th, 177S, married, December 12th, 1804, Miss Dickens,
only daughter of Francis Dickens, Esq. late member of parliament
for Northamptonshire. Horace, another son, died an ensign in
the first regiment of foot-guards, unmarried.

And fourth, William, an eminent naval commander, born on
February 20th, 17^3-4. He has greatly distinguished himself in
several well-fought battles in the West Indies and in Europe j
and by his unwearied perseverance in blocking up for a great
length of time a strong fleet of French ships in Brest harbour. He
is at present admiral of the red and rear admiral of England.

His Lordship had also three daughters, viz. Lady Elizabeth,
married, in July, 1753, to Bowen Southwell, of Queen's County
in Ireland, and died March 20th, 1796; Lady Charlotte, wedded
on April 8th, 1 /56, to the Rev. Dr. Spencer Madan, now Lord
Bishop of Peterborough : she died March 11th, 1794, leaving
issue by him the Rev. Spencer Madan, A. M. prebendary of Peter-
borough, and rector of St. Philip's, Birmingham} Charles, and
Charlotte; and Lady Mary, married, August 13th, 176g, to
Samuel WThitbread, Esq. of Cardington, in Bedfordshire, and
died in child-bed in Jermyn-street, London, December 27th,
1770, of a daughter j since married to the Hon. George Grey.

Charles, the second Earl and first Marciuis Corn-
wallis, born on December 31st, 1738, was, on a vacancy,
elected member for Eye in Suffolk to the eleventh parliament of
Great Britain ; and sat in the next parliament for the same borough,
till he succeeded his father in the peerage, June 23d, 1762. His
Lordship choosing a military life, was on August 6th, 1765, ap-
pointed aid-de-camp to the King; with the rank of colonel of
foot. He became major-general, September 29th, 1775 j lieute-
nant-general, August 7th, 1777; and general, October 25th,
1793. The history of this eminent man's active life must be
read in the annals of his country. He had an important, though
not always fortunate, command in the American war. He dis-
tinguished himself at the battle of Brandy wine, 1777* and after-
wards at the siege of Charlestown, and was left in the command
of South Carolina, where his administration was commended for
its wisdom. Here he was soon obliged to take the field, and ob-

MARQUIS CORNWALLIS. 557

tained the decisive victory of Camden. He was next victorious at
Guildford, not without a considerable loss of men. His plan of
invading Virginia in 1/81, was of more doubtful prudence, and
ended in his capture, with his whole army of four thousand men.
Thus defeated, he laid the blame on the failure of expected suc-
cour from Sir Henry Clinton, who in return equally blamed both
the scheme and its conduct ; and a war of pamphlets between
these commanders ensued, on which the public mind is not yet
made up. d

Lord Cornwallis now returned to England. Having been in
1770 appointed governor of the Tower, he was removed from it
at the close of the North administration, and re-appointed in 17S4,
from which time he retained it till his death.

In 1/86, his Lordship was sent out to India with the double
appointment of governor general and commander in chief 5 and
arriving at Calcuttta in September of that year, found the different
presidencies in rising prosperity. Not long after, the government
of Bengal found it necessary to declare war against the Sultan of
the Mysore, for his attack on the Rajah of Travancore, the ally of
the English. The campaign of 1JQO was indecisive j but in
March, 1791* Lord Cornwallis invaded the Mysore, and came in
sight of Seringapatam, which he was prevented from investing by
the floods of the Cavery. In 1792 he besieged that metropolis j
when, as the attack advanced, Tippoo sued for peace -, and ob-
tained it on terms dictated by his Lordship. By his integrity,
punctilious regard to faith, and disinterested and generous conduct,
he increased the reputation of the British name in India ; and by
his measures for its improvement, ameliorated the condition of
our empire there.

On August 15th, 1792, he was advanced to the dignity of
Marquis Cornwallis.

In 1798, the rebellion of Ireland appearing both to the Vice-
roy, Lord Camden, and to his Majesty, to require a lord lieutenant
who could act in a military as well as a civil capacity, the King
appointed Marquis Cornwallis his successor. " The rebellion
being finished, the new Viceroy," says Bisset, " adopted a plan
of mingled firmness and conciliation, which, executed with dis-
criminating judgment, tended to quiet Ireland, and prepare

d See their respective pamphiets, and Adolphus's Reign of Geo- III.
vol. hi- p. 409, 410, Sec; also Bisset* vol hi. p. 306,316.

558 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

matters for a permanent plan to prevent the recurrence of such
pernicious evils, and to promote the industry and prosperity of the
country."e He retained this high appointment till May 1801,
when he was succeeded by the Earl of Hardwicke.

In 1804, his Lordship had the honour of being appointed a
second time governor general in the East Indies, on the recall of
Marquis Wellesleyj and in that station he died at Gawnepooiy
in the province of Benares, October 5th, 1805, worn out with an
active life spent in the service of his country, and covered with
glory and honours. His amiable character and unassuming dis-
position made him as universally beloved, as he was respected.
His talents were not brilliant -} but they proved what a good
heart, inflamed by an honourable ambition may, by the aid of
perseverance, effect.

His Lordship married, on July 14th, 17^8, Jemima, daughter
of James Jones, Esq.; and by her, who died at Culford Hall,
February l(5th, 177& had* issue an only son, Charles, present
Marquis ; and a daughter, Lady Mary, born June 2Sth, I/69,
who married, in November, 1/85, Mark Singleton, Esq. then an
officer in the foot guards, now member of parliament for Eye in
Suffolk, and principal storekeeper of the ordnance.

His only son Charles succeeded as second Marquis Corn-
wallis, He was born October 19th, 1774; and before his
father's death represented the county of Suffolk in parliament.
He married, April 17th, 1797, Lady Louisa Gordon, fifth daughter
of Alexander Duke of Gordon, and has issue,

First, Lady Jane, born October 5th, 1798.

Second, Lady Louisa, born February 24th, 1801.

Third, Lady Jemima, born April 29th, 1803.

Fourth, Lady Mary, born November 17th, 1804.

Fifth, Lady , born January, 1 8O7.

His Lordship is master of the King's buck-hounds.

Titles. Charles Cornwallis, Marquis and Earl Cornwallis,
Viscount Broome, Lord Cornwallis of Eye, and Baronet.

Creations. Baronet May 4th, 1627, 3 Car. I and Baron Corn-
wallis of Eye in Suffolk, by letters patent, April 20th, l66l,
13 Car. II. Viscount Broome in com. SufF. and Earl Cornwallis,
June SO, 1753, 27 Geo. II. Marquis Cornwallis, Aug. 15, \7Q2.

« Bisset, vol. vi. p. 215.

MARQUIS CORNWALLIS. 559

Arms. Quarterly, first and fourth, Sable, Gutty d" Eau, on
a fess, Argent, three Cornish choughs proper, for Cornwallisj
second, Or, a chief indented Azure, a crescent, Gules, for dif-
ference, Butler ; third, Gules, three covered cups, Argent, also
for Butler.

Crest. On a wreath, a mount, Vert, and thereon a stag re-
guardant, lodged, Argent, attired, Or, having about his neck a
garland of laurel, proper.

Supporters. Two stags, argent, attired and gorged, as the
crest.

Motto. Virtus vincit invidiam.

Chief Seats. At Culford Hall, and Broome, in Suffolk.

560 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

SEYMOUR, MARQUIS OF HERTFORD.

Having already treated of this noble Lord's ancestors, in the
account of the Dukes of Somerset, in the first Volume of this
Work, p. 144, &c. and therein observed, p. 198, that Francis, the
second, but eldest surviving son of Sir Edward Seymour, Bart, by
his seeond wife, Letitia Popham, was ancestor to the present
Marquis of Hertford, lam now to treat of him and his descen-
dants.

Which Francis, afterwards Lord Conway, born on May
28, \G79> succeeding his brother Popham in 1699, was heir, by
adoption, to Edward Conway Earl of Conway, who died without
issue, and by his last will and testament, dated August 9th, 1683,
devised all his lands, tenements, and hereditaments, in England
and Ireland, to his cousin Popham Seymour for life, and to his
heirs male } remainder, for want of such issue, to his brother
Francis, and his heirs male ; remainder to his brother Charles, and
his heirs male j remainder to his own right heirs for ever 5 and in
the close thereof expresses, " my desire is, that the said Popham
Seymour, and his children, do, presently after my death, take
upon him the name of Popham Conway ; and to each of his
brothers, and their children, if the estate shall fall to them, as my
cousin Mr. Edward Seymour, their father, did engage to me they
should."

The said Popham received a wound in his neck, in a duel
with colonel Kirk, in the twenty-fourth year of his age, on June
4th, 1699, whereof he languished till the 18th, when he died at

MARQUIS OF HERTFORD. 3&1

London, and a was buried at Arrow in Warwickshire. To whom
succeeded Francis, his next brother, who also took the surname,
and bore the arms, of Conway.

Which Francis Conway, by the intercession of his father,
Sir Edward Seymour, with Queen Anne, was created a peer, b of
England, by letters patent, dated March 1/th, 1702-3, by the
title of Lord Conway, Baron Conway, of Ragley in Warwick-
shire; also on June 28th, 1/03, by privy seal, dated at Ken-
sington, was created a peer of Ireland, bearing the title of Baron
Conway of Kilultagh, in the county of Antrim, where he pos-
sessed a great estate, part of the inheritance of Edward Earl Con-
way. His patent for that honour bears date at Dublin, October
16th, 1/03 j and on October 3d, 1/21, his Lordship took his seat
in the parliament of Ireland j and was sworn, October 17th, 17^7>
there, of the privy-council to our late sovereign, who, in August
1728, constituted him governor of Carrickfurgus in that king-
dom.

On February 17th, 1703, his Lordship married, to his first
wife, the Lady Mary Hyde, third daughter to Laurence Earl of
Rochester j and by her (who died at Northwick in the parish of
Blockley, on January 25th, 17O8-9, and was buried at Arrow, in
Warwickshire) had issue four daughters : first, Letitia, who died
at Lisburn in Ireland in 1723 ; second, Maria, who was the wife
of Nicholas Price, of St. Field in the county of Downe, Esq.
youngest son of general Nicholas Price, and died in child-bed of
her first child, named Francis j third, Henrietta, who died un-
married -f and, fourth, Catharine, who died unmarried in London,
on June 14, 1737> and was interred in the family vault at Sandy-
well, in Gloucestershire. His Lordship's second wife was Jane,
daughter to Mr. Bowden of Drogheda, by whom he had a son,
Edward, who died an infant, April 9th., 1710, and was buried at
Arrow : and a daughter Jane, who died unmarried, on May 5th,,

* Thomas's edition of Dugdale's Warwickshire, fol. 851.

b Burnet says, that the ministry having carried things of the greatest con-
sequence in parliament, in the late session, by only one or two voices, and
determining to have a clear majority in both houses in the next session,
" prevailed with the Queen soon after the prorogation, to create four new
peers, who had been the violentest of the whole party ; Finch, Gower, Gran-
ville, and young Seymour, were made Barons. Great reflections were made
upon this promotion " " Hervey, though of the other side, was at the same
time made a Baron by private favour." Burnet's Own Times, vol ii. p. 344,
345

VOL II. «2 O

S62, PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

1749. Her Ladyship died in ' child-bed, at Sandywell, on Fe-
bruary 13th, 1715-16, in the twenty-sixth year of her age, and
was buried at Arrow j the child deceased about the same time;
His Lordship, thirdly, married, in July 1718, Charlotte daughter
of Sir John Shorter, Lord Mayor of London in 1688, and sister
to Catherine, wife of Sir Robert Walpole, afterwards Earl of Or-
ford : and his Lordship deceasing, at Lisburn in Ireland, on Fe-
bruary 3d, 173 1-2, his corpse was brought to England, and buried
at Ragley in Warwickshire. His last lady survived him, and
died in February 12th, 1733-4, by whom he had four sons, and
three daughters.
* First, Francis, late Marquis of Hertford.
Second, Henry Seymour Conway, who was chosen, October
19th, 1741, one of the knights for the county of Antrim, in the
parliament of Ireland \ and, in the same year, was elected for
Higham Ferrers, to sit in the ninth parliament of Great Britain 5
also served for Penryn, in the parliament summoned to meet ori
August 13th, 1747 5 for St. Maws, in the parliament which first
met on May 31st, 1754; for Thetford in Norfolk to the parlia-
ment summoned in 1761, and for the borough of St. Edmund's
Bury in 1775 and 1780. In 1741 he was constituted captain-
lieutenant in the first regiment of foot guards, with the rank of
lieutenant-colonel 5 on April 6th, 1746, being then aid-de-camp
to the Duke of Cumberland, he got the command of the forty-
eighth regiment of foot, and the twenty-ninth on July 24th, 1749.
He was constituted colonel of the thirteenth regiment of dragoons
on December 25th, 1 75 1, which he resigned upon being appointed
colonel of the first, or royal, regiment of dragoons, on September
5th, 1759. On January 30th, 1756, he was advanced to the rank
of major-general, on Marcfc 30th, 1759, to that of lieutenant-
general, and on May 25th, 1772, to that of general ; and on Oc-
tober 12th, 1793, to that of field-marshal. He served with repu-
tation in his several military capacities, and commanded the
British forces in Germany, under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick,
in 176] , during the absence of the Marquis of Granby. He was
one of the grooms of the bed-chamber to the late King, and like-
wise to the present till April, 1764, when at the end of the session
of parliament, he resigned that office and his military commands jc

« In truth he was dismissed for voting against the ministry in the great
question of general warrartt^ Horace Walpole wrote a Counter Address in an-
swer to an address in vindication of this measure; and Serjeant Adair also

MARQUIS OF HERTFORD. 563

but his name was continued in the list of the privy counsellors in
Ireland, and the late Duke of Devonshire, who died on October
3d, 1/64, left him a legacy of 5000/. on account of his senatorial
conduct. On July 10th, 1/65, he was sworn of the privy-council,
and appointed secretary of state for the northern department, d
which he resigned in January 1768. On February 1 6th following,
he was appointed colonel of the fourth regiment of dragoons 5 on
October 24th, 1//4, appointed colonel of the royal regiment of
horse guards j and on October 22d, 1772, was appointed governor
of the Island of Jersey. On March 30th, J 782, he was appointed
commander in chief of his Majesty's forces, which he resigned in
December, 1783. He died at his seat at Park Place, near Henley
in Oxfordshire, July 9th, 1795, aged seventy-five. He was an
ingenious man, of considerable abilities, and had a turn for lite-
rature, and some talents for poetry. He was the author of one or
two political pamphlets. On December 19th, 1747, he married
Caroline, widow of Charles Bruce, Earl of Aylesbury and Elgin,
and only daughter of lieutenant-general John Campbell, since
fourth Duke of Argyll, and had issue ,a daughter, Anne, e married
June 14th, 1 767, to John, eldest son of Joseph Darner, Lord
Milton, afterwards Earl of Dorchester, who left her a widow in
17/6, without issue.

George Augustus, third son, was born at Lisburn in Ireland,
in August 1723, and died in September following : and Charles,
youngest son, also died an infant.

Of his daughters, Charlotte, born at Lisburn on July 22d,
1717, died in September after, and was interred at Arrow ; and
Arabella, the second, also died young ; Anne, the youngest, on
March 10th, 1755, was married to John Harris, of Hiine in De-
vonshire, Esq. master of his Majesty's household ; after whose
detease she was appointed housekeeper of Somerset house, and
died 25th of March 1774.

Francis, first Earl and Marquis, the eldest son, who
succeeded his father in his honours and estate, set out on his

wrote a pamphlet on the subject, entitled " Thoughts on the dismission of officers
civil and military, for their conduct in parliament.*' See Almon's Biogr. Anec.
vol i p 64, 83

Q He had been a leader of the Whig opposition, and was joint secietary
with the Duke of Grafton, to the Rockingham administration.

1 Mrs. Darner's skill in the arts, especially statuary, is well known The
late Lord Orford left to her Strawberry Hill for her life ; and she resides there
in the summer

564 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

travels in 1736 ; and on his return took his seat in the house of
peers in England, on November 15th, 1739. His Majesty, on
August 3d, 1/50, was pleased to create his Lordship Earl of
Hertford, and Viscount Beauchamp, to him and his heirs malej
with remainder to the heirs male of his brother aforesaid, the
Hon. Henry Conway j which honours were conferred on his great
ancestor Edward, Duke of Somerset, and expired with Algernon,
the seventh Duke of Somerset. On May . . ., 1751, his Lordship
was sworn one of the lords of the King's bed-chnmber$ and, on
June 30th, 1757, was appointed lord lieutenant and custos rotu-
lorum of the county of Warwick j in which year, on August 30,
he was installed Knight of the most noble order of the Garter.
His Lordship was continued in all his offices at the present King's
accession ; and having been on June 1st, 1763, sworn of his Ma-
jesty's privy-council, was soon after sent ambassador extraordinary
to the court of France ; about which time he resigned the place
of lord of the bed-chamber. On August 1st, 1765, he was ap-
pointed lord lieutenant of Ireland ; on December 4th, 1766, was
appointed lord chamberlain of his Majesty's household, having
been in August preceding appointed master of the horse to the
King, which he.resigned November 27th, 1766. On April 12th,
1783, he was again appointed lord chamberlain of his Majesty's
household, which he resigned on the 26th of December following.
His Lordship was also recorder of Coventry and Thetford, pre-
sident of the Magdalen-house, and one of the vice presidents of
St. George's Hospital. June 29th, 1793, he was created Earl of
Yarmouth, and Marquis of Hertford. He died June 14th,
!794> aged seventy-five.

He married on May 29th, 1741, the Lady Isabella, youngest
daughter of Charles, second Duke of Grafton, lord chamberlain of
his Majesty's household, and, by her, who died November 10thf
1782, in Lower Grosvernor-street, and was buried at Ragley in
Warwickshire, he had issue seven sons and six daughters.
First, Francis, second Marquis.

Second, Lady Anne, born on August 1st, 1744 ; married,
March 15th, 1766, to Charles Earl (now Marquis) of Drogheda,
of the kingdom of Ireland. She died November 4th, 1787, leav-
ing two sons and five daughters.

Third, Lord Henry, born December 15th, 1746, was member
of parliament for Coventry, 1766, 1768; for Midhurst, 1774;
ifor Downton, 1780; and for Orford, 1 796. He was early ap-
pointed clerk of the Hanaper in Ireland, and constable of Dublin

MARQUIS OF HERTFORD. 365

Castle ; and since joint clerk of the crown in the Court of Kings
Bench in Ireland. f In 1796 he was major of the Warwickshire
militia.

Fourth, Lady Sarah Frances, born on September 27th, 1747;
married, June 3d, 1766, to Robert Stewart, Esq. since created
Earl of Londonderry, and died in Dublin, July 18, 1770, leaving
issue the present Viscount Castlereagh.

Fifth, Robert, s born on December 20th, 1748, who was a
captain in the guards, and member of parliament for Orford, l?7l>
1774, 1780, 1794, 1802, 1806; and in 1807, for the couuty of
Carmarthen. On June 15th, 1773, he married Miss Delme,
daughter of the late Peter Delme, Esq. ; and by her, wha died
November 29th, 1804, had issue, first, Elizabeth ; second, Henry,
in the army j third, Frances Isabella, who on December 2d, 1802,
became second wife of George Ferdinand, Lord Southampton.
Lord Robert married, secondly, May 2d, 1806, Miss Chetwynd,
sister to Viscount Chetwynd. He is joint clerk of the crown in
the court of King's Bench in Ireland, with his brother Lord
Henry.

Sixth, Lady Gertrude, born on October 9th, 1750, married,
February 10th, 1772, George, Viscount and afterwards Earl of
Grandison in Ireland} and died in Switzerland in 1793, leaving
one daughter, Lady Gertrude Villiers, married, July 1st, 1802,
to Lord Henry Stuart, a younger son to the Marquis of Bute.

Seventh, Lady Frances, born December 4th, 1751, married,
May 22d, 17/5, to Henry Earl of Lincoln, son and heir apparent
to Henry Duke of Newcastle, who died in his father's life-time,
October 22d, 1778, leaving issue by her an only daughter Catha-
rine, born April 6th, 17/6, married, October 2d, 1800, to Vis-
count Folkestone, and died May 17th, 1804, leaving a daughter
born May 2d. 1804.

Eighth, Lady Elizabeth, born March 3d, 1754.
. Ninth, Lady Isabel Rachael, born December 25th, 1755,
married, October 19th, 1785, George Hatton, Esq. of Ireland.

Tenth, Edward, born May 18th, 1 757, was canon of Christ-
church in Oxford, and rector of Sudbury, Suffolk, and died Sep-
tember 12th, 1785, unmarried.

Eleventh, Lord Hugh, born April 29th, 1759, was brought
up in the navy; arrived early at the rank of post-captain; dis-

f He has a residence in the Isle of Wight,
c He resides at a purchased seat near Landilo in Carmarthenshire) .close
'to Dinevor Castle.

$66 PEERAGE OF. ENGLAND.

tinguished himself in Lord Howe's victory, 1794. In June 1795,
he arrived at the rank of admiral j and had afterwards the com-
mand of the fleet on the Jamaica station, where he died of the
yellow fever in 1803. He was much beloved in the navy, and
adidred for his gallant spirit. In 1/84 he was member of par-
liament for Newport in Cornwall j in 1788, for Tregony ; in
1 790, for Wendover ■> and in 1796, for Portsmouth. He married,
April 2d, 1786, Lady Anne Horatia Waldegrave, daughter and
coheir of the second Earl Waldegrave, (whose widow re-married
the late Duke of Gloucester) and by her, who died September
11th, 1801, had issue, first, George Francis, who in 1 806, was
made a post-captain in the navy; second, Hugh 5 third, Horace j
fourth, William ; fifth, another son, born 1797 j sixth., a daughter,
born 1795} seventh, Mary, born 1798.

Twelfth, Lord William, born October 3d, 176O, married,
November 10th, 1798, Miss Martha Clitherow. In 179O, he was
member of parliament for Orford.

Thirteenth, Lord George, born July 21st, 1 763, who was for
some years in the army , both in the guards, and in the line. In
17S4 he was member of parliament for Orford ; and in 179^ f°r
Totness. He married, July 20th, 1795, Miss lsabtlla Hamilton,
daughter of the late Rev. George Hamilton, uncle to the Marquis
of Abercorn, but has no issue. He is now commissioner of excise.

Francis, Earl of Yarmouth, (better known as Viscount
Beauchamp) succeeded his father in 1 794, as second Marquis
of Hertford. He was born February 12th, 1742-3, and was
one of the lords, eldest sons of peers, who supported his Majesty's
train at his coronation, September 22d, 1761. In 1766, he was
elected member of parliament for Lestwithiel in Cornwall ; and
from 1768, to his father's death, sat for Orford. In 1774, he
was appointed a lord of the treasury, which office he held till
1780. In 1804, he was appointed master of the horse to his
Majesty, which he resigned in 1806. His Lordship is also a
Knight of the Garter. While a commoner, he for many years
took an active part in parliamentary business.

His Lordship married, first, on February 1st, 1768, Alicia,
second daughter and coheir of the late Lord Viscount Windsor,
of Ireland 5 by whom he had a daughter Alicia, who died an
infant; and her Ladyship died February 11th, 1772.

His Lordship married, secondly, the Honourable Isabella
Anne Ingram, (Shepheard) daughter and coheir of the late
Charles Viscount Irvine, of Scotland ; by whom he has a son

MARQUIS OF HERTFORD. 567

Francis William, Earl of Yarmouth, born March 11th, 1777, and
married, May 18th, 1 798* Miss Fagniani, and has issue Maria,
born February 2d, 1799; and Richard, Viscount Beauchamj>,
born February 23d, 1800. Lord Yarmouth was, in 1802, re-
turned member of parliament for Orford; and in 1807 for Lis -
burne in Ireland.

Titles. Francis Conway (Ingram11) Seymour,1 Marquis and
Earl of Hertford, Earl of Yarmouth, Viscount Beauchamp, Lord
Conway, Baron of Ragley, and Baron of Killultagh.

Creations. Baron Conway (the name of a family) of Ragley
in com. Warw. March 17th, 1702-3, 2 Queen Anne, (English
honour) Baron Conway of Killultagh in, the county of Antrim in
Ireland, October 16th, 1703, 2 Queen Anne j Viscount Beau-
champ, (the name of a family) and Earl of Hertford, August 3d,
1750, 21 Geo. II. and Earl of Yarmouth and Marquis of Hert-
ford, June 29th, 1793,33 Geo. III.

Arms. Quarterly, first and fourth, Sable, on a bend cotised,
Argent, a rose between two annulets, Gules, for Conway ; second
and ihird, quarterly, first and fourth, Or, on a pile Gules, be-
tween six fleurs-de-lis, Azure j three lions passant-guardant, Or,
being a coat of augmentation ; second and third, Gules, two
wings conjoined in lure, Or, for Seymour.

Crest. On a wreath, the bust of a Moor, sidefaced, couped>
proper, wreathed about the temples, Argent and Azure.

' Supporters. Two Moors, habited as in the plate of his arms j
each wreathed as the crest ; holding in their exterior hands a
shield Azure, garnished Or 5 the dexter charged with the sun in
its glory 5 the other with a crescent, Argent.

Motto. Fide et amor e.

Chief Seats. Ragley in Warwickshire j Sudbury Hall, near
Orford, Suffolk j and at Lisburn, in the county of Antrim in
Ireland.

h By Sign Manual.
» The paternal name of Seymour has been resumed by the family since the
death of the first Marquis in 1794.

569 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

STUART, MARQUIS OF BUTE.

The House of Bute is descended from a son, and as it is gene-
rally understood, (if I am not mistaken) from an illegitimate son,
of King Robert II. of Scotland.

The origin of the regal family of Stuart, may be found in
our general histories.

" The fables of adulation," says Pinkerton, " have now passed
away; and it is acknowledged that we have no certain evidence
concerning this family, till the reign of David I. when Walter,
the son of Alan, appears as Steward (DapiferJ of Scotland.
Walter was succeeded in his high office by Alan his son ; who
was followed by the second Walter. No action worthy of the
historic page is authentically recorded of these three : and the
most important- intelligence which we can obtain from their
charters, is the situation of their lands -, which were chiefly in
that western promontory, watched by the fertile and picturesque
river Clyde, and now called the shire of Renfrew, then, and since,
the territory of the family and power of the Stewards. a A
higher fate awaited Alexander, the fourth Steward of Scotland,
who united the adjacent island of Bute to his patrimony by mar-
rying the heiress 3 for in the year 1255, he appears among the
great nobles who opposed the exorbitant power of the Comyns j
and three years after is mentioned as one of the regents of Scot-

• " Crawford's Hist, of the Shire of Renfrew, and of the house of Stuart,
Edinb 1710, fol. Paisley, 1782, 4to, Stewart's Genealogical Account of the
Stuarts, Edin. 1739, 4*0. For the origin of the family, consult also the re.
marks of Lord Hailes, Annals, vol i. p. 358"

MARQUIS OF BUTE. ■ 569

land, during the minority of Alexander III. ; and in 1263, he
commanded the Scotish army at the contest of the Norwegians
near Largs. b James, the next High Steward, was also a regent
of Scotland, after the unhappy death of Alexander III. shared the
fate of Wallace in the defence of his country, but soon abandoned
him ', then resumed the character and exertions of a patriot, and
had the merit of being excepted in the amnesty of Edward I. His
age alone seems to have restrained him from assisting the early
patriotic endeavours of Robert I. for he died in 1300, after a life of
sixty-six years." c

" His son Walter, the sixth Lord High Steward, was father
of Robert, seventh Lord High Steward, who afterwards ascended
the throne of Scotland, as Robert II. " This successor to the
sceptre was fortified by a numerous progeny, ready to assert and
to perpetuate his claim." " The attachment." continues Pin-
kerton, "of Robert to the fair sex, also appeared from his natural
issue by his concubines, among which six sons are noted by
genealogists ; and the Stuarts of Bute, Cairney, and others, d are
of their descendants." e

Sir John Stuart, f who thus occurs as the son of King Robert II.

h He died 1283. c Pinkerton's Scotland, vol. i. p. 3-$.

d Crawf. p. 30,31. Stewart, p. 58,'6o. " Bel chevalier etoit et avoit
unze filz," says Froissart of Robert II. torn- i- f. v. p 256, edit. 1518.
e Pi nkerton's Scotland, vol. i. p 8.

1 It may not be out of place here to give a short account of the order of
the other great branches of the Stuart family.

The first branch of the Stuarts, if legitimate, would be the Earls of Mur-
ray, descended from Sir James Stewart, fourth son of Murdoch Duke of
Albany, son of Robert Duke of Albany, third son of King Robert II.

The next branch are the male heirs of Sir John Stuart of Bonkill, younger
son of Alexander the Steward, who died 1283, and younger brother of James
the Steward, grandfather of King Robert II.

Sir John Stuart, of Bonkill, had seven sons,

First, Sir Alexander of Bonkill, whose son, Sir John Stuart of Bonkill,
was created Earl of Angus, whose grandson George, third Earl of Angus, died
without issue 1377.

Second, Sir Alan Stuart of Dreghorn, who lost his life at the battle of
Halidon Hill, 1333, and whose grandson, Sir John Stuart of Darnley, died
soon after 1354, leaving a son, Sir John of Darnley, whom Charles VII. made
Lord D' Aubigny, and who died at the siege of Orleans 1429, leaving Sir Alan,
father of John, Lord Darnley, and Earl of Lennox, who died 1494, father
of Matthew, second Earl of Lenncx, who died 1513, father of John, third
Earl, who died 1526, father of Matthew, fourth Earl, who died 1571, father
of Henry Lord Darnley, (who was father of King James VI.) and of Charles,
who succeeded his father as fifth Earl, and dying 1576, left the celebrated
Lady Arabella Stuart. Matthew, fourth Earl, had a younger brother John

570 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

it must be noticed, is not mentioned to be a natural son either
by Crawford, Anderson, or Douglas.

It is curious to reflect on a family thus springing at a remote
period from a regal origin, sinking into the feudal lords of a
barren island, u where," as has been well expressed, " they slept
for ages in the silent shades of heraldry 5" then after emerging
among the nobles of a dependent kingdom, rising in the third ge-

Lord D'Aubigny, who succeeded as sixth Earl of Lennox, i£76, and was
created Duke of Lennox 1^1. His son Lodovick, second Duke, was created
Duke of Richmond 1603, and dying 1624* was succeeded by his brother Esme,
third Duke of Lennox, who dying 1625, was succeeded by his son James, fourth
Duke, who also became Duke cf Richmond, and dying 1655, was succeeded by
his son Esme, fifth Duke of Lennox who dying 1660, was succeeded by his
cousin Charles, sixth Duke, son of his uncle George Lord D'Aubigny ; and
on his death, 1672, the honours and male line of his branch became extinct. „

Third, Sir Walter Stuart of Dalswinton, whose son, Sir John of Dals-
winton, was father of Sir Walter of Dalswinton, whose daughter and heir,
Marian, married John Stewart, grandson of Sir John Stewart, whom Lord
Galloway contends to have been the same who was fourth son of Sir John
Stuart of Bonkill ; but whom Andrew Stuart denies to have been the same,
while he argues that Sir John, who was son of Sir John Stuart of Bonkill,
was his own ancestor. Lord Galloway is the admitted heir of the marriage
between Marian, daughter of Sir Walter of Dalswinton, and the above John
Stewart

Fourth, Sir John Stuart, ancestor of those of Castlemilk, whose heir was
the late Andrew Stuart, and ancestor also to the Galloway family, as the late
Earl and several genealogists, have contended.

Fifth, Sir James a Stuart, ancestor of the Earls of Athol, Buchan, Tra-
quair, &c He was killed at the battle of Halidon Hill 1333. His third son,
and at length heir, Robert, was father of John Stewart, Lord of Innermeath,
designed also 01 Lorn, whose younger son Alexander was ancestor of Sir John
Stewart of Grantully, Bart- who by Lady Jane Douglas, was father of the pre-
senfLord Douglas. Sir James Stewart, called the Black Knight of Lorn, the
elder brother, was father of Sir John, created Earl of Athol 1457 ; and of Sir
James, created Earl of Buchan 1469. John Earl of Athol, died 1512, leaving
John, second Earl, who was killed at the battle of Floddon 15 13, leaving Johri,
third Earl, who dying 1542, was succeeded by his son John,fourth Earl, wh6
dying 1.579, was succeeded by his son John, fifth Earl, who died without male
issue 1594.

James Stewart, Earl of Buchan, was father, by his second wife Margaret
Murray, of James, ancestor to the Earls of Traquair. He died 1499, and was
succeeded by his son Alexander, second Earl of Buchan, who died 1 505, leav-
ing his son John, third Earl, who died 1551, having had a son John, who died
before him 1547, leaving a daughter and heir Christian, who was Countess of
Buchan, and marrying Sir Robert Douglas, was mother of James Douglas Earl
of Buchan, whose daughter and heir Mary, Countess of Buchan, married
James Erskine.

Sixth, Hugh Stuart, son of Sir John, of Bonkill.

Seventh, Robert Stuart, son of Sir John, of Bonkill.

' * Douglas, p. 48, makes him senior to Sir John.

MARQUIS OF BUTE. 571

aeration to the pinnacle of power ; and attaining the ministry of
a great empire, of whose spendour and extent their regal ancestors
never in their proudest moments could dream. It may be doubted,
however, if the ideas of the late Lord Bute were extended pro-
portionally to the degree of his elevation. It was said of him,
that his nationality was the principal characteristic of all his
thoughts and actions; and it was his misfortune to guide an ad-
ministration one of the most unpopular in our annals.

Sir John Stuart, son of King Robert II. h^d by his father's
grant a fair possession in the isle of Bute, (the ancient patrimony
of the royal Stuarts, long before they attained to the crown) with
the hereditary sheriffship of that county, which King Robert III.
his brother, confirmed by this charter. u Robertus dei gratia Rex
Scotorum sciatis nos dedisse et hac presenti charta nostra confir-
masse dilecto fratri nostro b Johanni St nescallo de Bute officium.
vice comitatus de Bute et Arran datum 1 1 Nov. 1400." '• He also
obtained a charter from Robert Duke of Albany, when governor
of Scotland, of the lands of Fynock, which runs thus in the
original,

" Robertus Dux Albaniae Gubernator Scotiae sciatis nos dedisse
dilecto fratri nostro Johanni Steuart vice comiti de Bute totam
dimidietatem terrarum de Fynock in Barronia de Renfrew, &c.
apud Villam de Irvin primo die Januarii 1418." i

This Sir John Stuart married Jean, daughter of Sir John
Semple of Eliotstoun, k ancestor to the present Lord Semple, by
whom he had three sons ;

First, Robert, his successor.

Third, William, first of the branch of Fynock,1 in vice co-
mitatu de Renfrew, who had issue James ; and William, who
afterwards got the lands of Fynock.

Second, Andrew Stuart, of Roslyn, in vice comitatu de Bute ;
*>f whom the Stuarts of Roslyn, and Balinshautrie are descended.

B These expressions seem to imply legitimacy. But according to the
usage of Scotland, I doubt if such an inference is well-founded. Editor.
h Charta penes comitem de Bute.
; Penes dictum comitem.

k Charta Roberti Ducis albaniae dilecto fratri suo Johanni Steuart vice
comiti de Bute et Jonetae sponsae suae filiae Johannis Semple de Eliotstoun
1418, penes comitem de Bute.

1 Charta confirmatibnis Jacobi II. dilecto consanguineo suo Willielmo
Steuart de Terras de Fynock, anno 1444, penes comitem de Bute, et etiam in
publicis Archivis.

572 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Which Robert Stuart of Bute was of the privy-council to
King James II. anno 1440, ra and left issue a son and successor,

James Stuart of Bute, who dying 1497/ was succeeded by

James, son of his uncle William of Fynock, who obtained
from King James III in consideration of his good services before
that time performed, the hereditary constabulwick of the castle of
Rothsay, (which had been anciently a royal seat, and where King
Robert III. yielded his last breath) by a commission still extant
among the Earl of Bute's writs, and bears date August 1st, 1498.
He married Elizabeth, daughter of John Blair of that ilk 5 and
had, first, Ninian ; second, Robert, who married a daughter of
John Lamond, and was ancestor of the Stuarts of Kilchattan,
Ascog, &c.

To this last mentioned James succeeded Ninian his son and
heir, who married Janet Dunlop. He got charters from James IV.
of several lands and baronies 5 and departing this life, anno 1508,
was succeeded by

James his son, who was infeft both in his estate, and in the
hereditary constabulary of Rothsay castle, May 20th, 1509." He
was afterwards made chamberlain of Bute, and keeper of the
King's forests there. He married, first, Mary, daughter of Archi-
bald Earl of Argyle ; and secondly, Marion, daughter of John
Fairly of that ilk, in vice comitatu de Air, widow of Thomas Boyd
of Linn, ° by whom he had John who succeeded him, and Robert
Stuart of Kelspock.P

Which John was in special favour with King James VI. to
whom he was one of the gentlemen of his bed-chamber, and in
1580 was constituted captain of the castle of Brodick, and cham-
berlain of Arran, 1 which he enjoyed till the family of Hamilton
was restored, anno 1585. His first wife was Mary, daughter of
John Campbel of Skipnish ; and his second Fynauld, daughter
of Sir James Mackdonald of Duneyveg and Glinns, ancestor to the
Earls of Antrim of the kingdom of Ireland; and departing this
life about the year 1602, was succeeded by

/
m Indenture betwixt the King and the Lord Erskin, penes comitem de
Mar.

» Charta penes Jacobum comitem de Bute,
o Charta penes Thomam Boyd de Pitcon.
p Charta Roberti Steuart de Terris de Kelsock filii Jacobi Steuart vice
comitis de Bute 1 -560, in publicis Archivis.

q The original commission is extant amongst the Eavl of Bute's writs,
dated August nth, 1580.

MARQUIS OF BUTE. 57*

John, his son and heir, who was knighted by King James VI.
He got charters under the great seal of several lands and baronies,
between 1(302 and 16I8. He also added to the ancient patri-
monial fortune of his ancestors, the lands of Foord in vice comi-
tatu de Haddingtoun, by the marriage of Elizabeth, eldest of the
two daughters and coheirs of Robert Hepburn of Foord, by whom
he left issue James, his successor, and colonel Thomas Stuart,
who died in France.

Which James had the honour of Baronet conferred on him by
King Charles I. When the civil war broke out in that reign, he
faithfully adhered to the King's interest, for which, beside the se-
questration of most of his estate, he suffered much personally
during the usurpation, notwithstanding whereof he continued
constant and unshaken in his loyalty, and living to see the resto-
ration, he died at London soon after, 1662, and was buried in the
abbey at Westminster. His wife was Isabel, daughter of Sir
Dougal Campbel of Auchinbreck, by Isabel his wife, daughter of
Thomas Lord Boyd, by whom he had Sir Dougal, his successor,
and

Sir Robert Stuart of Tillycutry, one of the senators of the
college of justice, and one of the lords of her Majesty's justiciary,
who was created Baronet by patent, April 29th, 1707. He mar-
ried Cicil, daughter of Sir Robert Hamilton of Presmanan, and
had Sir Robert Stuart, Bart.

Also three daughters} first, Elizabeth, married to Ninian
Banatyne of Keams, in vice comitatu de Bute, and had issue j
second, Anne, to Alexander Mackdonald of Sana, in vice comi-
tatu de Argyle, and afterwards to Walter Campbel of Skipnish,
of the same county, and had issue j third, Jean, to Angus Campbel
of Skipnish, junior, and had issue.

Sir Dougal, son and heir, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir
Thomas Ruthven of Dunglass, by Mary his wife, daughter of
Alexander, first Earl of Leven, by whom he had two sons, Sir
James who succeeded him; and Mr, Dougal Stuart of Blairhall, who
having applied himself to the study of the law, became soon so
famed in that profession, that her Majesty was pleased to name
him one of the senators of the college of justice, and one of the
lords of the justiciary, May 12th, 1709, and having served com-
missioner in diverse parliaments, both before and since the com-
mencement of the union, he still discharged that trust with honour
and integrity, particularly in relation to the union of the king-
doms, where he acted so conscientious and honourable a part,

574 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

that ages to come will equally esteem him for the regard he then
shelved for the honour of his country, as for his abilities upon
the bench, which he had in the opinion of all, to a very eminent

degree. He married Mary, daughter of Bruce of Blair-

hall, and had a numerous issue.

Also several daughters, Barbara, married to Alexander Campbei
of Barbreck, in vice comitatu de Argyle, and had issue; Mar-
garet, to Dougal Laumont, apparent heir of Archibald Laumont

of that ilk, and had issue ; and married to ..... Stuart of

Auskinsloch. He departed this life in May, 1672, and was suc-
ceeded by

Sir James, his son and heir, who upon her Majesty's accession
to the throne was named a privy counsellor, and appointed one
of the commissioners upon the part of Scotland to treat of a
nearer union with England, anno J 702, which then took not
effect, and by letters patent bearing date April 14th, 1/03, raised
to the honour of Earl of Bute, Viscount of Kingarth, Lord Mount
Stuart, Cumra, and Inchmarnock. In 1706, he was one of the
peers who dissented from the union, and when he discovered the
parliament was by a majority disposed to go into it, he left the
house and retired to his seat in the country. He married, first,
Agnes, daughter of Sir George Mackenzie, of Rosehaugh, lord
advocate, or attorney general to King James VII. by whom he
had issue James, Lord Mount-Stuart, his heir, and a daughter,
Lady Margaret, married to John Crawford, Viscount Garnock,
ancestor of the late Earls of Crawford ; and secondly, Christian,
daughter of William Dundas, of Kincavil, by whom he had a son
John, who died without issue. The Earl deceased in 1710, and
was succeeded by his eldest son,

James, second Earl, who was a gentleman of the bed-chamber
to King George I. one of the commissioners of trade in Scotland,
lord lieutenant of Buteshire, and one of the sixteen peers for
North Britain in the two parliaments of that King. He married
Lady Anne, daughter of Archibald, Duke of Argyll, and by her,
who died January 28th, 1723, had issue two sons, John, late Earl,
and

James Stuart M'Kenzie, who, by the entail of his great grand-
father, succeeded to his estate at Rosehaugh, and'bore the name
and arms of M'Kenzie. He was envoy extraordinary at the
court of Turin, in 1759; was appointed, in 17&J, lord privy seal
for Scotland, which he resigned 17&5, and in 1766 was re-ap-
pointed for life; member of parliament for the burghs of Ayr,

MARQUIS OF BUTE. 5/5

kc. 1755, and for Rosshire, 1763, 176S, 1774, and a privy coun-
sellor. He died April 6th, 1800. He married Lady Betty Camp-
bell, one of the daughters and coheirs of John, Duke of Argyll
and Greenwich, who died July 19th, 1799, without issue.

Also four daughters : Lady Mary, married to Sir Robert Men-
zies, of Weem, Bart.

Lady Anne, married to James Ruthven, Lord Ruthven ; Lady
Jane, r to William Courtney, Esq. s

And Lady Grace, to John Campbell, of Stonefield, Esq. His
Lordship died in 1722, and was succeeded by his eldest son,

John, third Earl of Bute, who was elected one of the sixteen
peers for Scotland in February 1736-7, as he was to every par-
liament up to 1780. In September 1737, he was made a lord of
the police ; and in August, 1738, was appointed one of the lords
of the bed-chamber to his Royal Highness Frederick, late Prince
of Wales. He was groom of the stole to his present Majesty while
Prince of Wales j and upon his Majesty's accession to the crown,
he was sworn one of the privy-council, and appointed groom of
the stole to his Majesty : in March 1761, his Lordship resigned
his place of groom of the stole, and was appointed one of his Ma-
jesty's principal secretaries of state ; and in June following,
ranger of Richmond park. In August following, having been
elected one of the sixteen peers of Scotland, he was also elected
chancellor of the university of Aberdeen, and one of the governors
of the Charter house. In May, 1762, his Lordship was appointed
first lord of the treasury, which he resigned in April following j
and upon September 22d, 1762, was installed one of the Knights
companions of the most noble order of the Garter.

Such is the outline of this nobleman's preferments ; but it is
from the filling up, and colouring, that the most interesting and
instructive knowledge is to be obtained. I shall therefore copy
the character cf Lord Bute given by Bisset, as it is drawn both
with discrimination and candour.

" Few ministers," says Bisset, " have been more generally
hated than Lord Bute was by the English nation ; yet if we esti-
mate his conduct from facts, without being influenced by local or
temporary prejudices, we can by no means find just grounds for

» Her son captain George William Augustus Courtnay, was killed in an
engagement with L'Ambuscade French frigate, August 1st, 1793.

s John Courtnay, member of parliament for Tamworth, &c. is called in
the red-books, nephew to Lord Bute ; and is, 1 presume, one of the sons of
Lady Jane. He is well-known in the circles of wit and literature.

376 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the odium which he incurred. It is true, an impartial reviewer
can find nothing in his political character to justify the obloquy of
many of his satirists. As a war minister, though his plans dis-
covered little of original genius, and naturally proceeded. from the
measures of his predecessor, the general state of our resources, the
conquests achieved, and the disposition of our fleets and armies,
yet they were judicious ; the agents appointed to carry them
into execution were selected with discernment, and the whole re-
sult was successful. His desire of peace, after so long and burden-
some a war, was laudable, but perhaps too eagerly manifested*
As a negociator, he did not procure the best terms, which from
our superiority, might have been obtained. His project of finance,
in itself unobjectionable, derived its impolicy from the unpopu-
larity of his administration. Exposed from unfounded prejudices
to calumny, he deserved and earned dislike by his haughty de-
portment. The manners which custom might have sanctioned
from an imperious chieftain to his servile retainers in a remote
corner of the island, did not suit the independent spirit of the
English metropolis. l The respectable mediocrity of his talents
with the suitable attainments, and his decent moral character,
deserved an esteem which his manners precluded. Since he
could not, like Pitt, command by superior genius, he ought, like
the Duke of Newcastle, to have conciliated by affable demeanour.
His partisans have praised the tenacity of Lord Bute in his pur-
poses j a quality which guided by wisdom in the pursuit of right
objects, and combined with power to render success ultimately
probable, is magnanimous firmness 5 but without these requisites,
is stubborn obstinacy. No charge has been more frequently made
against Lord Bute, than that he was a promoter of arbitrary prin-
ciples and measures. This is an accusation for which its sup-
porters could find no grounds in his particular acts; they en-
deavoured therefore to establish their assertion by circuitous argu-
ments. Lord Bute had been the means of dispossessing the Whig
connexion of power, and had given Scotchmen appointments

t Adolphus also observes : " He was not connected either by blood or by
familiar intercourse, with the leading families in England : he was not versed
in the arts of popularity ; or used to the struggles of parliamentary opposition;
and his manners were cold, reserved, and unconciliating. Prejudices were
easily excited against him as a native of Scotland ; and he could only oppose
a popular and triumphant administration, and a long established system, by
such friends as hope or interest might supply, and by the personal esteem of
the King, which was rendered less valuable from the odium attached to the
name of favourite.'' Reign of Geo III. vol i p 15.

MARQUIS OF BUTE. 577

which were formerly held by the friends of the Duke of New-
castle. To an impartial investigation, however, it appears evident
that Lord Bute merely preferred himself, as a minister, to the
Duke of Newcastle. If we examine his particular nominations,
we shall find that he neither exalted the friends of liberty nor
despotism, but his own friends. It would probably have been
better for this country had Lord Bute never been minister ; but
all the evils that may be traced to that period, did not neces-
sarily proceed from his measures, as many of them flowed from
circumstances over which he had no control. Candour must al-
low that the comprehensive principle on which his Majesty re-
solved to govern, was liberal and meritorious, though patriotism
may regret that he was not more fortunate in his first choice.
The administration of Lord Bute teaches an instructive lesson,
that no man can be long an effectual minister of this country, who
will not occasionally attend, not only to the well-founded judg-
ment, but also to the prejudices, of Englishmen." u

Lord Bute married, August 24th, 173(5, Mary, only daughter
of Edward Wortley Montagu, Esq. of Wortley in Yorkshire,
(grandson of Edward, first Earl of Sandwich) by the celebrated
Lady Mary x Wortley Montagu, daughter of Evelyn Pierpoint,

u Bisset's reign of Geo. III. vol. i. p 362 — 364. See also many particulars
well drawn together in Adolphus's History, vol. i. p. 14, 123.

x Lady Mary Pierpoint, eldest daughter of Evelyn, Earl, and afterwards
Duke of Kingston, by Lady Mary Fielding, daughter of William Earl of
Denbigh, was born at Thoresby in Nottinghamshire about 1690. On August
12th, 1712, she married Edward Wortley Montagu, who at different periods
represented the cities of Westminster and Peterborough, and the boroughs of
Huntingdon and Bossiney in parliament. In 1716, she accompanied her
husband in an embassy to Constantinople. It is a mistake to suppose she
was the first English woman, who had the spirit to visit the Levant. Lady
Chandos attended her Lord's embassy thither in the reign of Charles 1 1 . and
many of her children were born at Constantinople. Lady Mary's Letters
written on this occasion, found their way into print, soon after her death, in
three Volumes i2mo. 1763, and are known for their vivacity and elegance,
wherever the English language is read. Lady Mary returned with her hus-
band to England in 1718. In 1739, she went to the continent for her health,
with the resolution of spending the remainder of her days there. She lived
principally in Italy; and in 1758, settled entirely at Venice, where she re-
mained till Mr. Montagu's death, in 1761. She then came to England, to visit
her daughter Lady Bute, where she died August 21st, 1762, ser. seventy-
three, of a rapid cancer. See Censura Literaria, vol. iii. p. 264. She was an
eccentric character, more remarkable for her genius than virtue. Mr. Dalla-
way published her Works, including her Letters, in five vols. i2mo. 1803,
from the MSS. in possession of the Marquis of Bute accompanied by a short
Memoir.

VOL. II. 2 r

578 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

first Duke of Kingston ; and at length heir to her brother Edward
Wortley Montagu, Esq. the traveller, who died 17/6* on his re-
turn from Venice to England, y

Her Ladyship was created Baroness Mount Stewart, of
Wortley in Yorkshire, to her and the heirs male of her body by
her husband John Earl of Bute, April 4th, i;6i. She survived
the Earl, and died November 13th, 1794.

The issue of this marriage were as follows :

First, John, fourth Earl, and now Marquis of Bute.

Second, James Archibald, has the Wortley estate, and on his
mother's death, 179^, took that name. In 1768 he was returned
member of parliament for the burghs of Ayr, &c; in 1774, for
the county of Bute; in 179O, 1797, 1802, for the borough of
Bossiney; and in 180(5, again for the county of Bute. Jn May,
1767, he married Margaret, daughter of Sir David Conyngham,
Bart, by whom he has had issue ; first, John, born April 8tb, 1 773 ;
a lieutenant in the Coldstream regiment of foot-guards ; returned
member of parliament for Bossiney 1 790; died 1797 : second,
James Archibald, born October, 1776; in I8O7 was returned
member of parliament for Bossiney ; married, March 30th, 1799,
Lady Caroline Mary Elizabeth Leighton, daughter of John Earl
of Erne ; third, Mary, born August 23d, 1769 ; fourth, Charlotte,
born May 6th, 1771, died 1786; fifth, Louisa Harcourt, born in
October, 1781, married, June 23d, 1801, George Lord Louvaine,
eldest son of Algernon Earl of Beverley 3 sixth, George, born
May, 1783, in the navy.

Third, Frederick, born September, 1751, returned member of
parliament for the burghs of Ayr, &c. 1 775, and for the county of
Bute 1796; died May 17th, 1802.

Fourth, Sir Charles, born in January, 1753, a major-general
1793; lieutenant-general 17985 and colonel of the twenty-sixth
regiment of foot; member of parliament for Bossiney 1776, 1/80,
1784, 1790 3 and for Poole 1796. He died March 20th, 1801,
of the gout in his stomach, aet. forty-nine, having lately been em-
ployed in an active military command. He married, April 19th,
1778, Anne Louisa, daughter and coheir of Lord Vere Bertie,
son of Robert first Duke of Ancaster, by whom he left issue, first,
Charles, born January 2d, 178O ; and second, John James, born
August 29th, 1782, in the navy.

Fifth, William, D. D. born March, 1755, canon of Christ-

y Dodsl Ann. Reg 1776, p 24 Also Seward's Anecd vol- iv.

MARQUIS OF BUTE. 579

church, Oxford, promoted to the bishopric of St. David's 1793}
whence he was translated in 1800 to be archbishop of Armagh,
and primate of Ireland ; married, May 3d, 1796, Miss Penn,
daughter of the late Thomas Penn, Esq. proprietor of Pennsyl-
vania, and has issue.

Sixth, Lady Mary, in September, 1761, the late Sir James
Lowther, Bart, afterwards Earl of Lonsdale, who died without
issue by her, in 1S02.

Seventh, Lady Jane, born April 1742, married, February 1st,
1768, the late Sir George Macartney, Bart, afterwards Earl Ma-
cartney, who died without issue, in ISOfJ.

Eighth, Lady Anne, born August, 1746, married, on July 2d,
1764, Hugh Earl Percy, now Duke of Northumberland, from
whom she was divorced in May, 1779.

Ninth, Lady Augusta, born February, 1749, married, August
1773 , captain Andrew Corbett of the horse-guards (blue), and
died February 5th, 1778, leaving a son by him, a clergyman.

Tenth, Lady Caroline, born May, 1750, married in January,
1778, William Henry Dawson, afterwards, Earl of Portarlington in
Ireland, who died in 1798, leaving issue by her the present Earl.

Eleventh, Lady Louisa, born August 1 5th, 1757.

Lord Bute died March 10th, 1792, aged seventy-nine, at his
house in South AudJey -street, having passed the last six or seven
and twenty years of his life in the most deep and unbroken re-
tirement, principally at a marine villa, which he built on the edge
of the cliff at Christ Church in Hampshire, overlooking the
Needles and the Isle of Wight. Here his principal delight was to
listen to the melancholy roar of the sea ; of which the plaintive
sounds were probably congenial to a spirit soured with what he
believed to be the ingratitude of mankind. He was more fond of
the sciences than of works of imagination ; but his favourite study
was botany, on which be printed at his own expense a work in
nine volumes, quarto, of plates appertaining only to England. z

His widow, Baroness Mount Stewart, died November 13th,
1/94.

John, eldest son, who succeeded as fourth Earl, and was
created Marquis of Bute, was born July 1744; represented
Bossiney in parliament 1708, and 1774, and was created Baron
Cardiff, of Cardiff' Castle, in Glamorganshire, by patent dated

2 Only twelve copies were printed; of which the expense amounted to

1000 I

580 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

May 20th, 1776. On March 20th, 1783, he was appointed am-
bassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to the court of Spain.
In 1792, he succeeded his father in the Earldom of Bute ; and on
March 1st, 1796, was created an English Marquis, by the title of
Marquis of Bute.

On November 12th, 1766, he married, first, Chailotte Jane,
eldest daughter and coheir of Thomas Windsor, Viscount Windsor
of Ireland j and by her, who died January 28th, 1800, aet. fifty-
four, he had issue,

First, John, Viscount Mount Stuart.

Second, Lady Maria Alicia Charlotte, born October 28th,
1/63, married Charles Pinfold, Esq.

Third, Herbert Windsor, born May 6th, 1770.

Fourth, Lady Charlotte, born July Kith, 1771, married, June
13th, 1791, Sir William Jackson Homan, of Ireland, Bart.

Fifth, Lord Evelyn James Stuart, born May 7th, 1773, for-
merly in the foot-guards, and afterwards lieutenant-colonel of the
twenty-first regiment of foot; elected member of parliament for
Cardiff 1794, and 1796.

Sixth, Elizabeth, born July 12th, 1774, died the same day.

Seventh, Lord Charles, born July 18th, 1775 ; lost in the
Leda frigate, near the island of Madeira, in 179@-

Eighth, Lord Henry, born 1777? married, July 1st, 1802,
Lady Gertrude Emilia Villiers, sole daughter and heir of George,
last Earl of Grandison, by Lady Gertrude Seymour, and has a
son born June 8th, 1803.

Ninth, Lord William, born November 18th, 17/8 5 made a
post-captain in the navy 1799 j elected member of parliament for
Cardiff 1802, 1806, 1807; married, June, 1806, the Honourable
Georgiana Maude, sister to Viscount Hawarden : she died August
31st, 1807, without issue.

Tenth, Lord George, born at Turin, March 1st, 1780 5 made
a post-captain in the navy 1804; married, October 7th, 1S00,
Jane, daughter of the late major-general James Stuart, by whom
he has issue John Windsor, born July 27th, 1802; Elizabeth
Jane, born July 18th, 1803 ; Louisa, born August 4th, 1804, died
January 12th, 1807; and Emily Frances, born February £tfef
1806.

John, Viscount Mount Stuart, before-mentioned, eldest son
of the Marquis, was born September 25th, 1767; was elected
member of parliament for Cardiff 1790, and died January 20th,
l79*> «t. twenty-seven, at Basingbourne Hall in Essex, in Conse-

MARQUIS OF BUTE. 581

quence of a fall from his horse. a He was lord lieutenant and
custos rotulorum of the county of Glamorgan, and colonel of its
militia. He married, October 12th, 1792, Elizabeth, only daughter
and heir of Patrick Crichton, Earl of Dumfries j and by her, who
died July 26th, 1797> left John his son and heir; and Patrick, a
posthumous son, born August 25th, 1794.

John, eldest son, born August 3d, 1793, is heir apparent to his
paternal grandfather the Marquis of Bute ; and succeeded to the
Scotch Earldom of Dumfries on the death of his maternal grand-
father, Patrick Earl of Dumfries.

Titles. John Stuart, Marquis of Bute, Earl of Windsor,
Viscount Mountjoy, Baron Mount Stuart and Cardiff, English
titles ; also Earl of Bute, and Baron Mount Stuart, Scotch titles.

Creations. John Stuart, Baron Mount Stuart, April 5th,
1761 j Baron Cardiff, May 20th, 1766; Viscount Mountjoy,
Earl of Windsor, and Marquis of Bute, July 20th, 1 796. Also
in Scotland, Baron Mount Stuart and Earl of Bute, April 14th,
1703 ; and Baronet of Nova Scotia.

Arms. Or, a fess cheeky, Argent and Azure, within a double
tressure flory, and cvinter flory, Gules.

Crest. On a wreath, a demi lion, Gules, and over it in a scroll,
this motto, nobilis est ira leonis. *

Supporters. On the dexter side, a horse, Argent, bridled,
Gules 5 on the sinister, a stag proper.

Motto. Avito viret honore.

Chief Seats. Mount Stuart, Isle of Bute; Luton House,
Bedfordshire; and Cardiff Castle, Glamorganshire.

» Gent Mag. vol. liv. p. 95, where see a panegyric on his character.

582 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

CECIL, MARQUIS OF EXETER.

There appears no rational ground of doubt that the great states-
man, who was the ennoblerof this family, was branched from the
ancient family of Sitsilt, or Cecil, of Alterennes in Hereford-
shire.

Robert Sitsilt,3 an assistant to Robert Fitzhamon, in the
conquest of Glamorganshire, lOpl, the fourth of King William
Rufus, was ancestor to this family. Which Robert was rewarded
with lands by the said Robert Fitzhamon for his services; and
afterwards by marriage1' had Alterennes in that part of Hereford-
shire called Ewyas lands, with other lands in Herefordshire and
Gloucestershire.

To whom succeeded his son and heir Sir James Sitsilt, or
Seisel, Baron of Beauport, (now called Beaupere) in Glamorgan-
shire,0 slain at the siege of Wallingford castle in the fourth of
King Stephen ; having then on a vesture, d whereon was wrought
in needle-work, his arms or ensigns, as they appeared on the
tomb of Girald Sitsilt in the abbey of Dore, which were blazoned
in a judgment given by commission from King Edward III. on a
controversy of the same arms, as will be hereafter shewn. He
left issue John, his son and heir, and four daughters.

Which John was after his fathers death, in the same wars
with Roger Earl of Hereford, e and being taken prisoner at the
siege of Lincoln, ninth of King Stephen, and paying for his ran-

» Powell's Hist, of Wales, p 124* 141, 142. Holinshed's Chron. 1255.

b Barnes's Hist. Ed III. p. 75. c Ibid.

d Holinsh. ut supr. e Ibid-

MARQUIS OF EXETER. 563

som four hundred marks, was obliged to sell his lordship of Beau-
port; and his lands in Gloucestershire. He had by Maud, his wife,
daughter of De Frenes,

Eustace, his son and heir, who married Eleanor, daughter of
Sir Waller Pembridge, Knight, and had issue

Sir Baldwin Seisel, knighted by King Henry II. and slain
at the siege of the castle of Cardiff, his father then living. He gave f
lands in Kegestone to the monks of Dore j as also freedom of com-
mon and pasture and other liberties in his woods. By his first
wife, daughter of Sir Maurice de Brampton, he had s issue six
sons, Gerald, Eustace, Henry, John, and Walter ; and two
daughters j Catherine, wife of Hugh ap Meredith Maredake ;
and Eleanor, to Walter Wallis. And by his second wife Mar-
garet, daughter of Sir Stephen Radnor, Knight, had issue Stephen,
Roger, Hugh, David ; Maud, a nun } Joan, wife to John de Solersj
and Anne, to Owen ap Meredith.

Gerald Sitsilt, eldest son, married Mabel, daughter of Sir
William Moigne, Knight, and had issue Gerald, who died an
infant ; Robert ; Owen, a monk in the abbey of Dore in Here-
fordshue; Catheiine, wife to Sir Griffin ap Yereford, Knight;
secondly, to Sir David ap Evan ; and thirdly, to Geffery, son of
Sir Walter Bret, Knight ; Anne, wife to Robert, son of Richard
Bromwich ; Ellen, wife to John, son of Sir Richard Abrahall,
Knight.

He was succeeded by Robert Sitsilt, who married Alice,
daughter of Sir Robert de Tregoz, Knight, and had issue James,
Gerald, Thomas, Baldwin ; Margaret, and Elizabeth.

James Sitsilt, eldest son of Robert, had to wife Isabel, daughter
of Sir John Knell, Knight, by whom he had issue James, who
died young, and Gerard, twins ; Robert, John ; Alice, wife to
Walter Monington ; Grace, married to Roger, son of William
Blunt ; Eleanor, wife to Thomas Paine ; Margery, wedded to
Morgan ap Meredith ; and Cecille, wife to Howel ap Blethin,
secondly, to Sir Hugh Bruge, Knight.

Gerard Sitsilt, eldest son, was buried h in the abbey of Dcre
in Herefordshire, under a tomb erected to his memory, and
thereon the arms of his ancestor Sir James Sitsilt, slain at the siege
of Wallingford castle, in 4 King Stephen. He married, four
wives. By his first wife, Margaret, daughter of Stephen de la

f Holinsh ut supra e Ibid. 1256.

h Ibid. p. 1255.

584 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Bere, he had issue John : and by his second wife Bridget, widow
of Sir Simon Ward, Knight, had a son James : also by his third

wife ., daughter of Martin Hopton, had issue Martin,

Henry, David, and Jane : and lastly by his fourth wife Joan,
daughter of Robert Emerton, had issue Stigand Seissel, slain at the
siege of Strivelin in Scotland, in the] reign of King Edward II.
and had no issue, as the register of the abbey of Dore mentions.

John Sitsilt, the eldest son by the first wife, married Sibil,
daughter of Robert de Ewyas, and had issue,

First, Sir John, and

Second, George, who married Margaret, daughter of Sir Ralph
Waldesley, Knight, by whom he had a daughter Joan, married
to Sir Richard Baskerville ; and, third, a daughter Margaret, wife
of Sir Robert Baskerville.

Which Sir John Sitsel ■ being at Halidown-hill k near Berwick,
in 1333, there arose a great controversy1 between him and Sir
William Fakenham, concerning a banner of arms, charged with
this coat, viz. ajield tarry, often pieces, argent and azure, on six
escutcheons, three, two, and one, sable, as many lions rampant of
the first : m which arms each challenged as their right, and
offered to maintain the same by combat in their proper persons.
But the King was pleased to forbid it ; and ordering the heralds
to decide the affair by law and justice, they solemnly adjudged
the right of bearing those arms to Sir John Sitsilt, as heir of blood,
lineally descended from the body of James Sitsilt, Baron of Beau-
port, slain at the siege of Wallingford castle, in the fourth of King
Stephen. The proceedings herein being curious, are here in-
serted.

" C'est a tesmoigner a vous mes Seigniours pur le determi-
nation final, del discention pur ung Ensigne d'Armes parenter
Monsieur Jean de Sitsilt, et Willyam Faknaham Chevaliers, que
l'an depuis le nestri de Dieu, mil cent quarante deux, Jaques Sit-
silt et ses Ancestors Seigneurs de Beauport, a la siege de la chateau
de Wallingford et viues et mortz illonques, et la leueront ung
Ensigne tiel commerensigne de leur sang genereux. C'est a dire
en la champe de dize barretz d' Argent and Azure, six escocheons
Sabels, avec tantes de Lyons rampant, primer incensed Gule, Pere
de Jehan Sitsilt, pere de Eustace, pere de Baldwine, pere de Ge~

i Barnes's Hist, of Ed. III. p. 75. k Ibid.

1 Powell's Hist of Wales, p. 147.

m Boswell's Concords of Armory, fol. 80

MARQUIS OF EXETER. 585

rarde, pere de Robert, pere de Jaques, pere de George de Euer-
wike, pere de Jehan, pere de cestuy Jean Sitsilt Cheualer, heyer
de sang et de corps de dit Jaques Seigneur de Beauport, lineal-
ment descendu par bon et loyal nestre, de que lygne let dit Wil-
lyam n'est my. Et cest pur voier et bon droit tousiours ie serray
prest de maintener, a que fayer ie moy oblige par raon seau ci
affige. Donne le quatre iour e'Auril, Tan del reigne du Roy Ed-
warde le tiers depuis le conqueste. Le Siz."

The final determination of the controversy aforesaid :
" A touts Angloys et Francoys, Nous Edwarde de Beaulile, et
Jean de Mowbray gret. L'ou grande debate et controuersie ad
este parentre Jean de Sitsilt Cheualier, et William Faknaham, in le
champe de Monte holitonte, pur un ensigne d'Armes : c'est assa-
voir tie], 1c champe de dize Barrets Argent et Azure, supportez de
cinq escocheons Sables, charges ouesque tant dt Lyons primers
rampantz incensed Gules, que ambideux clamont come lour droict
par longe et auntient descent a eux descendu. Et a mayntener
leur ouarrell pur droitriel, ambideux les partyes ont eux mettre sur
lour force, et vantont de cest maintener per lour corps. Ci est
que il au please a nostre liege sieigneur le Roy que justice sera
fait a ces homes sans sange espandu, per voyer tesmoignes et bons
semblances. Accordant a que avions oye et voy moltes dites et
lour escriptes, et les tesmoygnes du Roy d'Armes et dauter lieges
le Roy, que le droit le dit Jehan Sitsilt et bien forte maintenent le
dit ensigne etre son droict, come le droict de son sang genereulx.
Pur que fait cest nostre final dome, que Dieu, le Roy nostre liege
et nous, et le dit Jehan Sitsilt defend que james doreseuavant le
dit William ne soitcy hardy, chalanger, laymer, ou lever, in ascun
chap le Roy, ou sur ascun corse vive ou morte, in ascun leu deins
les quatre mers le Roye, ou aillours par my tout Christiantye, les
dites armes in ensigne, pyghenoute, guydon, banyer, escocheon,
targe, escu, manche, ou elme, sur payne, de forfayture, et perder
son espee tranchaut et ses piques d'Or a toutes jours. Donne le
quart jour de June, l'an del Roy Edwarde le tierce, depuis le con.
quest, le Sept."

The which said original writings, being written in parchment,
according to the antiquity of the time, I myself (says Boswell in
his JVorhs of Armory, p. 81,) have seen, being in the possession
of the Right Hon. the Lord of Burghly, to whom in blood the
same belongeth, whose name being written at this day Cecil, is
nevertheless in Wales, both in* speech and common wiiting, used

536 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

to be uttered Sitsilt, or Sitsild, where the original house at this
day (1572) remainetb, near Abergavenny.

This Sir John had a charge" of men of arms for the custody
of the marches of Scotland, in 11 Edw. III. He married Alice,
sister to Sir Robert Baskerville, and had issue,

John, his son and heir (who having married Joan, daughter of
Sir Richard Monnington, Knight,) had issue John, who died til
his lifetime, and Sir Thomas Sitselt, of Alterennes in Hereford-
shire, Knight.

Which Sir Thomas ° married Margaret, daughter and heir of
Sir Gilbert Winston, Knight, and had issue

Richard, p his son and heir, 9 who had to wife Margaret,
daughter of Sir John Philips, Knight, by whom he had

Philip Sicelt, (as the name was then wrote) whor married
Maud, daughter and heir of William Philip Vaughan, of Tilli-
glase, by Wenlian his wife, daughter and co-heir of Sir Thomas
Barry, by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Richard Lord Talbot.
Which Sir Thomas Barry was son and heir of Gerald de Barrye,
Lord of Castle Scalt in Herefordshire.

Philip Sicelt, by the said Maud, had issue Philip, his son and
heir, s and David Sicelt, ancestor to the present Marquises of
Exeter and Salisbury.

Philip, the eldest son, was father of John Sycill, (as he wrote
his name) of Alterennes, and of the parish l of Walterston in com.
Heref. who by his last will and testament, dated June 21st, 1551,
orders his body to be buried in the parish church of St. Peter's in
Walterston, and leaves to Elizabeth Wynston, his wife, his man-
sion-house of Alterennes, with the lands thereto belonging, for
life, and, after her decease, to William his son and heir, and his
heirs for ever. And entails his other lands in Herefordshire and
Monmouthshire on the said William his son, and, in default of
issue, on Thomas his son, remainder to Philip Sycill, his son, re-
mainder to Anne and Alice his daughters.

But I return to David, younger son of Philip Sicelt before-

* Hollinshed, ut antea. 0 Chauncey's Hertfordshire, p. 308.

p Rex concessit Rico Cicile ofFic. Magistri Forestarii de Ewyas Lacy in

com. Heref, nuper Rici Ducis Ebor. attincti. Pat. 37 Hen. VI.

<] Visit, decom. Heref. not 9. A. 17, in Bibl. Had.

r Ex Stemmate penes praehon. Tho. com. Leicest per Camden.

« Ibid.

t Ex Registr. vocat Buck. qu. 16, in Cur. Fraerog. Cant.

MARQUIS OF EXETER. 587

mentioned. Which David" having purchased a fair estate in Lin-
colnshire, in 22 Hen. VII. x he founded a chauntry in St. George's
church in Stamford ; and in 3 Hen. VIII. was constituted >' water
bailiff of Wittlesey-mere, in com. Hunt, as also keeper of the
swans there, and throughout all the waters and fens in the counties
of Huntingdon, Cambridge, Lincoln, and Northampton, for the
term of thirty years. Also in 5 Hen. VIII. he was made z one of
the King's Serjeants at arms : and having this employment at
court, obtained* for Richard, his son and heir, the office of a page
of the crown. Likewise in S Hen. VIII. he obtained a grant to
himself and son, of the keepership of Clyff park, in com. North-
amp. And in 15 Hen. VIII. (continuing still serjeant at arms)
was constituted steward h of the King's lordship of Coly Weston
in that connty; and wcs escheator c of the county of Lincoln
from November 15th, 1529, to November 15th following. In
23 Hen. VIII. on the death of Sir William Spencer, Knight, he
was constituted sheriff of Northamptonshire, for the remaining
part of that year j d and was also sheriff the next ensuing year.
And having been three times alderman e of Stamford, departed this
life in th^ year 1541, as should seem by the probate of his last will
and testament, which bears date that year.

By which testament, dated f on the feast of the conversion of
St. Paul, 1535, being wrote David Cyssell of Stamford in the
county of Lincoln, Esq. he orders his body to be buried in the
parish church of St. George in Stamford. He bequeaths to Jane
his wife, all his lands in Stamford, Nassyngton, and elsewhere,
for term of her life, and after her decease to Richard his son and
heir, and to his heirs for ever: and to Joan, his daughter, one half
of his household-stuff at Dowsby. He moreover bequeaths to
Richard, his eldest son, his best gown : to Anthony Villiers, his

u A seditious libel written in Latin, and published in the Low Countries
under the feigned name of Pbi/ofatrit, brought forward by the Papists at that
time to defame him, and containing all the scandal that could be collected
against him, states that this grandfather, one of the King's guard, kept the
best inn in Stamford.'' And this libel has been lately repeated, either through
inadvertence or prejudice, as if it was an admitted fact, without the least
notice of the polluted source from whence it came.

* Pat 2 H. VII. p. I. y Pat 3 H. VIII. p. 2

* Ex MS. quodam in Recepto Scacc. a Pat. 8 H. VIII. p. 2.

b Pat. 15 H. VIII. p 1. c Lillie's Ped. of Nob. MS. fol 34.

a Fuller's Worthies in com. Northamp. p. 299.

« Butcher's Survey of Stamford, p. 43.
f Ex Regist Spert.qu. 3 in Cur. Praerog. Cant.

583 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

second best gown, his best doublet, and his velvet jacket : to David,
his son, his black gown of cloth lined with damask, a doublet of
satin streaked, with a jacket and his green coats : and the residue
of his goods he bequeathed to Richard Cyssel his son, to the honour
of God, and for the health of his soul, after the most laudable
manner that he can do or devise ; and ordains him sole executor.
The said Jane his wife s was daughter and heir of John Dichons
of Stamford, by Margaret his wife, daughter and heir of John
Semark. h

His son and heir Richard Cyssel, in 8 Hen. VIII. was ' made
one of the pages of the crown. In June 1520, he waited on the
King at that famous interview with Francis King of France,
between Calais and Guiesnesj and in 22 Hen. VIII. k being groom
of the robes io that King, obtained a l grant of the office of con-
stable of Warwick castle, then in the crown. In 27 Hen. VIII.
being one of the grooms of the wardrobe, he had a grant of the
office of bailiff of the King's water, m called Wittlesey-mere, and
the custody of the swans, and of those waters called Great Crick
and Merys, in the counties of Cambridge, Lincoln, Huntingdon,
and Northampton, for term of thirty yearr, after the expiration of
the term granted to David Cecyll his father. In 29 Hen. VIII.
he n had a grant of divers pastures and closes in Maxey ; and in 3 1
Hen. VIII. he was° sheriff of Rutlandshire. In 32 Hen. VIII.
being wrote Richard Cecyll of Burley in the county of North-
ampton, Esq. he had a grant p to him, his heirs and assigns for
ever, of the scite of St. Michael's priory near Stamford, and the
church, and 299 acres of arable land lying in the parish of St.
Martin's in Stamford, in the county of Northampton. In 34
Hen. VIII. being then yeoman of the wardrobe, he(i was. made
steward of the King's manors of Nassyngton, Yarwell, and Upton,
in com. Northamp. for life. In 36 Hen. VIII. he purchased r the
manor of Esyngdon in com. Rutl. then also in the crown, as
parcel of the Earl of Warwick's lands. In 37 Hen. VIII. he sur-
rendered his custody of Warwick castle 5 and departing this life
May 19th, 1552, was buried in St. Margaret's church West-

% Lillie, ut antea. h See Philpot, in Her. Coll.

i Pat 8 H. VIII. p. 2. k MS. Not. B.5, in Bibl. Jo. Anstis.

1 Pat. 22 H- VIII. p. 1. m Privat Sigill. 27 H. VIII.

» Pat. 29 H. VIII. p. 4 » Wright's Rutlandshire, p. 12.

p Pat. 32 H. VIII. p. 7. fl Pat. 36 H. VIII. p. 7.

» Pat 36 H. VIII. p 28.

MARQUIS OF EXETER. 58g

minster, leaving issue by Jane his wife, (daughter and heir to
William Heckington, of Bourn in com. Lincoln, Esq. who died
March 10th, 158/, s and is buried in St. Martin's church, Stam-
ford) William his son and heir ;

And three daughters j l Agnes, u married to Thomas White,
of Tuxford in com. Nottingh. Esq.j Elizabeth, to Robert Wing-
field, of Upton in the same county, Esq. j and secondly, to Hugh
Allington, Esq. ; and Margaret, first, to Roger Cave, of Stanford
in com. Northamp. Esq. j secondly to Ambrose Smith, of Bos-
worth, Esq.

Which William, his son and heir, » was first Lord Bur-
leigh.

As this great man was the principal minister of Queen Eliza-
beth, for forty years, even from her accession, to the day of his
death in 15QS, and acted perhaps a more conspicuous figure on
the public theatre than any other statesman in the British annals,
his life and character must not be passed over too slightly, while
to detail all the important particulars of it would be to write little
less than the history of that important reign ; and to repeat what
may be found in all our best books of biography, and even in a
late publication of the Lives of select British Statesmen, by Mr.
Macdiarmid, 1807, Ato.

He was born in the house of his grandfather David Cecil, Esq.
of Bourn in Lincolnshire, September 13th, 1520; and in 1535
was entered of St. John's college, Cambridge, where he soon dis-
tinguished himself by his correct conduct, and extraordinary ap-
plication to his studies. In 1541 he was placed at Gray's-Inn to
qualify him for the profession of the law. An accident brought
him into the notice of Hen. V1U. This was a dispute with two
intemperate chaplains of O'Neil, the famous Irish chief, on the
power of the Roman Pontiff, in which he came off so victorious,
that the fame of it reached the monarch's ears at a moment when
\ictory on such a subject was particularly grateful to him; and
caused him to be sent for to court, where he fully supported the
reputation this contest had gained him. The King granted him
the reversion of the office of Custos Brevium, and from this period

s See Strype's Ann vol Hi. App. 128. ,
, C. 9— 132. Vine. No. 175, nS, in Her. Coll.
u Inscrip. in Tuxford church ; but on the monument in St. Martin's
church, Stamford, she is called Anne.

x Collins published separately his Life, written by one who had been
conversant with him for the last twenty-five years of it.

590 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

he resolved to push his fortune in the state rather than in the lawj
in which he was probably confirmed by his marriage with Mary,
sister of Sir John Cheke 5 who recommended him to the favour of
the Earl of Hertford, afterwards Duke of Somerset, who in 1547
appointed him master of requests. He accompanied this noble-
man to the battle of Musselburgh, September 10th, that year ;
where he narrowly escaped death from a cannon ball, which
passed close to him. On his return to court, he was in 1548 ad-
vanced to the high post of secretary of state. He shared in the
Protector's fall, which followed soon afterwards, and was sent to
prison November 1549, where he remained three months.

At length he procured his liberty, and was brought again to
court, where his useful abilities regained him his office, under
Northumberland, the enemy and accomplisher of the ruin of his
old patron. This re-appointment took place in September 1551 ;
and on the 11th of October following, he was knighted, and sworn
of the privy-council. He has been much blamed for this transfer
of his services, as a sacrifice of his gratitude to his interest j and
many excuses, palliations, and even justifications, have been urged
for him. The best seems to be, that his pretensions to the pro-
motion were founded, not on his servility and dependence on one
or the other of these great men, but on his superior fitness for the
office.

His credit now increased with the young King Edward, and
when a letter from his Majesty was presented to the. Princess
Mary on the perverseness of her religion, she cried, Jh, Mr. Cecil's
pen took great pains here.

He acted with such caution and prudence in the various in-
trigues for the crown on the death of King Edward, that on Queen
Mary's accession, he was, though a known and zealous Protestant,
left uUpersecuted ; and lost neither property nor reputation. In
this reign he represented the county of Lincoln ; and was active
in the mollifying of a bill for confiscating the estates of those who
had fled the kingdom for their religion. While thus employed,
he carried on a private correspondence with the Princess Eliza-
beth, the presumptive heir to the crown.

Elizabeth no sooner ascended the throne, on November 16th,
1558, than she acknowledged these services ; and on November
20th, appointed Sir William Cecil one of her privy-council, and
secretary of state. This was the third time he had obtained the
appointment j and he began instantly to discharge it with that
industry, caution, depth of wisdom, and those enlarged views,

MARQUIS OF EXETER. 591

which continued to distinguish his administration through the
whole remainder of his long life. The first steps he took were
to advise the call of a parliament, and the settlement of religion.
He next attended to the regulation of the coin.

But foreign affairs soon required his care : France, Spain, Scot-
land, all demanded the full force of his wisdom and skill. The
second was a secret enemy j the first was a declared one, and had
Scotland much in her power. By the minister's advice therefore,
the interest of the reformed religion in this last kingdom was taken
under Elizabeth's protection. This produced the convention of
Leith j and Cecil, as a remuneration for his service in this affair,
obtained the place of master of the wards, January 10th, 15fjJ, an
office which he did not take as a sinecure, but of which he dis-
charged the load of business with patience and diligence to the
satisfaction of all.

In his management of the house of commons, for even then
there were refractory spirits, and it required some management,
Sir William exhibited equal caution, address, and capacity. The
question of the future succession to the crown was one which was
continually resorted to, sometimes from real and well-founded
anxiety j sometimes from officiousness ; and often from factious
motives. On this subject both the sovereign and the minister
preserved an unbroken reserve, from which neither irritation nor
calumny could induce him to depart.

The minister early penetiated into the hostile feelings of
Philip II. of Spain ; but he advised his mistress to keep on her
guard against that monarch j and yet not to break with him. With
France he proposed a very different line of conduct : here the
Protestants had created very powerful internal dissensions ; and
England might openly make use of that hostility, which the occa-
sion called for, with effect. These opened a probability of suc-
cess, while it afforded an opportunity for our troops to gain expe-
rience, and our navy strength. His rival, Leicester, in vain mis-
represented and censured the advice now given for the purpose of
destroying the Queen's confidence in him j and a plot laid by
that subtle favourite for overthrowing him utterly failed, through
her Majesty's penetration and spirit.

The affair of the Duke of Norfolk's ruin followed 5 and Cecil
incurred the odium of a most powerful party for his share in that
nobleman's death. But to this share the duties of his office abso-
lutely compelled him. Could he do otherwise ? The Duke's in-
fatuated conduct, after having once received a pardon, rendered

5g2 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

his practices too dangerous to be again forgiven. It cannot be
doubted that this great nobleman was the tool of the views of the
Catholic party ; and there is reason to believe that the previous
design of ruining Cecil was to get rid of him before this plan was
ripe, from a just fear of his penetration and his power to defeat it.
His fidelity was followed by much public and some severe private
revenge. His son-in-law, Lord Oxford, put his threat into ex-
ecution of ruining his daughter, by forsaking her bed, and wasting
the fortune of her posterity, if the Duke's life was not spared.

The Queen was so sensible of the great importance of Cecil's
service on this occasion, that, however sparing of her honours,
she raised him to the peerage by the title of Baron of Burleigh /
in February 15/1. The Queen's favour, however, did not pro-
tect him from new attempts to destroy him. A conspiracy was
formed against his life j and the two assassins, Barney and Matter,
charged it at their execution, on the Spanish ambassador, for
which and other offences the ambassador was ordered to quit the
kingdom. As a consolation for these dangers, he was honoured
with the Order of the Garter in June 1572 ; and in September
following, on the death of the Marquis of Winchester, was ap-
pointed Lord High Treasurer,

The weight of business that now lay upon him, and the variety
of his duties, was such as it seems almost incredible that any one
man could discharge ; yet he went through them all with the
utmost strictness and punctuality.

All his power, talents, industry, and fortitude, could not how-
ever at all times place him above anxiety and disgust at the in-
trigues, troubles, and dangers that surrounded him. He had even
thoughts of a resignation, which the Queen would not hear of.
The Popish and Spanish factions were his incessant and unap-
peasable enemies j and the favourite Leicester never slackened
in his arts to lower and counteract him.

His vigour however was not lessened j and the next great
affair in which he was engaged required it all. The trial of the
Queen of Scots approached j and the lord treasurer is charged
with having been a strong promoter of this measure. Of an affair
which has engaged the pens and passions of so many abk histo-
rians, it would be idle and impertinent in this place to discuss the
merits. 1 he measure was a tremendously strong one : but there

y In a confidential letter written by him just after his elevation to the
peerage, he calls himself, «' the poorest Lord in England." Strype's Annals,
vol. ii. p. *4.

MARQUIS OF EXETER. 593

might be a state-necessity for it. Burleigh was not a man of
blood j Mary's intrigues were incessant 5 and her constant inter-
course and machinations, with a truly dangerous, powerful, and
unappeasable faction, notorious. It is too plain, that Elizabeth
wanted that to be done in a secret, which could only be done
justifiably in an open, and legal, manner. The Queen however,
when the fatal stroke was given, endeavoured, by artifices unbe-
coming her character, to throw the odium from herself; and
secretary Davison, the innocent instrument of her orders, fell a
victim to her semblance of displeasure j and even Burleigh suffered
for a time an outward eclipse of her favour. Queen Mary was
beheaded in February, 1587.

In March 1587, the lord treasurer lost his mother at a great
age, with which he was much affected ; and on April 4th, 1589,
he lost his beloved wife, Mildred, one of the learned daughters of
Sir Anthony Cook, z whose death he mourned with the deepest
regret. He had but lately been delivered from the fatigue of
drawing up schemes for the defence of the country against the
threatened Spanish Armada. Not long afterwards he again re-
quested to resign, but the Queen still refused to spare his service*.

The remaining part of his life he still spent in the unabated dis-
charge of his high and painful office. In 1 592 he managed the
concerns of a supply, which he furthered in the upper house by a
speech of great knowledge and talent. In short, even at this late
period of his age, almost all the important affairs of state were
under his guidance. Ecclesiastical affairs required much of his
moderating wisdom. The Catholic interest was not the only op-
position on this subject which he had to stem. The Puritans and
sectaries were gaining daily ground, and were almost as violent
the other way against the established church. Matters of finance,
and the affairs of the admiralty, were all continually referred to
him ; and he let nothing pass him without due consideration. The
maxim which aided him through these complicated concerns was
this : that the shortest way to do many things was only to do one
thing at once.

The last memorable act of his life was the attempt to bring
about a peace with Spain, in which he was vehemently opposed
by Essex, then in the fire of youth, which might animate him to
daring deeds to gratify his own ambition. The young soldier was
warm in the debate, which induced the venerable minister to pull

2 See Ballard's Learned Ladies, p 180.
vol. 11. 2 a

$04 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

out a prayer-book, and point to the words, " Men of blood shall not
live out half their days"

At length, worn out with age, and more than forty years of
uninterrupted and unexampled labours in the state, on the 4th of
August, 1598, about four in the morning, in the presence of
twenty children, friends, and servants, he yielded up the ghost
with wonderful serenity, being upwards of seventy-seven years
old.

Of his person we learn, that though not remarkably tall, nor
eminently handsome, yet that it was always agreeable, and became
more and more so, as he grew in years, age becoming him more
than youth. His temper was serene and cheerful) he was a
master of his looks and words; patient in hearing, ready in an-
swering, yet without any quickness, and in a style suited to the
understanding of him to whom he spoke.

His manner of living was suitable to his rank and the custom
of the times; and for these reasons, he kept up an extraordinary
degree of. splendour in his houses and gardens, and every thing
belonging to him. He had four places of residence ; his lodgings
at court, his house in the Strand, his family seat at Burleigh, and
his own favourite seat at Theobalds. At his house in London he
had fourscore persons in family, exclusively of those who attended
him at court. His expenses there, as we have it from a person
who lived many years in his family, were 30/. a week in his ab-
sence, and between 40 1, and 50 /. when present. At Theobalds
he had thirty persons in family ; and besides a constant allowance
in charity, he directed 10/. a week to belaid out in keeping the
poor at work in his gardens, &c. The expenses of his stables
were a thousand marks a-year ; so that as he had a great income
and left a good estate to his children, he was not afraid of keep-
ing up also a port suited to his offices, though it provoked the
envy of his enemies, and did, as it always will do, engage many
mouths to murmur at him, because they were not fed by him.
He carried things still further : he kept a standing table for gentle-
men, and two other tables for persons of meaner condition, which
were always served alike, whether he were in town or out of
town. About his person he had people of great distinction, inso-
much that our author tells us, that while in his service he could
reckon up twenty gentlemen retainers, who had each a thousand
pounds a year; and as many among his ordinary servants, who
were worth from 1000 /. to 3, 5, 10, or 20,000. Twelve times
he entertained the Queen at his hoiue for several weeks together,

MARQUIS OF EXETER. 595

at the expense of 2, or 3000/. each time. Three fine houses he
built; one in London, another at Burleigh, and the third at
Theobalds : all of which were less remarkable for their largeness
and magnificence, than for their neatness and excellent con-
trivance. Yet with all this mighty expense, it was the opinion
of competent judges, that an avaricious man would have made
more of his offices in seven years, than he did in forty. At his
death he left about -1000/. a year in land, 1 1,000 in money, and
in valuable effects about 1 4,000 /.a

" In August 4th, 15QS," (to use Camden's words in his Life
of Queen Elizabeth) ** died William Cecil, Lord Burleigh, lord
high treasurer of England, having exhausted himself with study,
and the necessary fatigue of his employment ; so that growing old,
and being troubled with the gout, he requested the Queen's leave
to lay down his place. Upon the receipt of his letter she was
pleased to pay him some visits, and to support him with the most
kind and encouraging expressions. However, he resigned his
soul to God in a very few days, after he had lived long enough to
answer the demands of nature and reputation, and every thing but
the expectation of his country. He left the world so fairly, that
the greatest enemy he had freely declared that he emied him
nothing, but that his sun went down with so much lustre; whereas
generally public ministers are not blessed with such calm and
fortunate periods. He was, without doubt, an extraordinary
person, so liberally furnished by nature (to say nothing of his pre-
sence and aspect, which had a commanding sweetness in them)
and so handsomely improved by learning and education, that he
had few or no superiors as to the several qualifications of probity
and prudence, industry, temperance, and justice. He had besides
these accomplishments, an easy and flowing eloquet c.3, which
consisted not in pomp and ostentation of words, but in a mascu-
line plainness and significancy of sense. He was master of a pru-
dence formed from experince, and regulated by temper and
moderation; then- for his loyalty, it was true, and would endure
the touch, and was only exceeded by his piety, which indeed was
eminently great. To sum up his character in little : the Queen
wasbl-'ssed in so worthy a minister, and the kingdom indebted to
his memory for the happy influence of his ministry.

"Being admittel into the Duke of Somerset's family, who
was protector of England, he was made his master of requests,

* Kippis's Biographia Brit vol iii. p. 39s-

5Q6 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the first, as himself told me, who wore that title in England.
Shortly after he was secretary to King Edward VI. and received
from him the honour of knighthood. Upon his opposing the pre-
tended conveyance of the crown from the Ladies Mary and Eliza-
beth, he got into favour with the former, though he was in the
number of those that subscribed it j and his dexterous manage-
ment preferred him to a perfect intimacy with Cardinal Pole,
Bishop Tonstall, aud Sir William Petre. But whereas he had a
real and hearty veneration for the Protestant religion (however
he might humour the present occasions) and finding the road to
preferment lay quite another way, he made his court to the Lady
Elizabeth, who made use of him as a necessary instrument, whilst
she was a private person, and, when she came to the throne, ad-
vanced him to be her secretary, and a privy-counsellor, and after
the death of Sir Thomas Parry made him master of the wards, in
the third year of her reign ; which oftice he discharged, as he did
all others, like a good husband for the queen and the wards, very
modestly in respect to his private advantages, and not unprofitably
for his followers and dependents, though without the least blemish
upon his integrity j so that the Queen did so far rely upon the
prudence of his conduct, as in a manner to lay the whole weight
of the government on his shoulders. His great interest with the
Queen, and a plentiful estate besides, drew upon him the envy of
some of the nobility, which he used to say was sooner overcome
by giving way, than making opposition against it. The Queen
having had a thirteen years experience of his prudence and loyalty,
was pleased to honour him with the title of Baron Burleigh, and
then to make him lord high treasurer of England : in which post
he considerably augmented the public purse and his own private
estate, though he abhorred the base and corrupt methods of scrap-
ing up money ; for indeed he seldom or never suffered any thing
to be expended, but for her Majesty's honour, the security of the
nation, or the support of some neighbouring allies.

" He had a strict eye upon the farmers of the customs, but
without harshness or pedantry. He used to say, f That he never
cared to see the treasury swell like a disordered spleen, when the
other parts of the commonwealth were in a consumption. And he
used all possible means (and with good success) to enrich the
Queen and the kingdom by his administration j it being a com-
mon expression with him, * That nothing could be for the advan-
tage of a Prince, which makes any way against his reputation.'
Wherefore he would never suffer the rents of lands to be raised,

MARQUIS OF EXETER. 507

nor the old tenants to be put out. The same method he observed
as to his own private estate, which he managed with that discre-
tion and probity, that he never sued any man, nor was sued him-
self. I shall forbear to lavish a commendation of him 3 but this
I may venture to affirm with truth, that he was one of those few
who lived and died with a sound and large reputation. Indeed he
was in all respects so considerable a person, that I agree with the
opinion of the ancients, and conceive a silent admiration of him to
be the handsomest character."

To the character given by Camden, we may add the following
by Guthrie.

" He possessed a sagacity that was master of both fortunes ;
in the dejected never without resources ; in the prosperous never
without caution ; and in both preserving equanimity. Than him,
no man had ever less reason to worship fortune for his rise. His
application without discernment would have made him wealthy in
a low sphere ; his discernment with application made him great
in the highest. Of all men of genius he was the most of a drudge ;
of all men of business he was the most of a genius. He was too
penetrating to be sunk by the storms of a court j for he weathered
them by managing his sails, rather then by altering his course.
He was a sincere Protestant; but knew how to preserve both his
interest and his conscience : and he had a yet greater art ; that of
avoiding to put either of them into hazard. He often made use
of dissimulation, seldom of deceit ; for he knew how to conceal
without counterfeiting truth. All parties had an opinion of his
abilities ; few had any distrust of his virtues." b

Hume also describes him thus : ' ' Lord Burleigh died in an ad-
vanced age ; and by a rare fortune was equally regretted by his
sovereign and the people. He had risen gradually from small
beginnings, by the mere force of merit j and though his authority
was never entirely absolute, or uncontrolled with the Queen, he
was still, during a course of near forty years, regarded as her mi-
nister. None of her other inclinations or affections could ever
overcome her confidence in so useful a counsellor; and as he had
had the generosity, or good sense to pay assiduous court to her,
during her sisters reign, when it was dangerous to appear her
friend, she thought herself bound in gratitude, when she mounted
the throne, to persevere in her attachments to him. He seems
not to have possessed any shining talents of address, eloquence, or

k Hist, of England, vol.iii. p 69.

5C)8 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

imagination ; c and was chiefly distinguished by solidity of under-
standing, probity of manners, and indefatigable attention to busi-
ness : virtues, which, if they do not always enable a man to rise
to high stations, do certainly qualify him best for filling them. Of
all the Queen's ministers, he was the only one who left a consi-
derable fortune to his posterity ; a fortune not acquired by rapine
or oppression, but gained by the regular profits of his offices, and
preserved by d frugality." e

He had by his first wife Mary, daughter of Peter Cheek, f (and
sister to Sir John Cheek, Koight, a gentleman of known learning)
to whom he was married 8 in 1541, and who died in the same
year; his son and heir Thomas, Earl of Exeter.

In 1546 he had to his second wife Mildred, daughter of Sir
Anthony Coke, of Giddy-hall in Essex, Knight, who was preceptor
to King Edward VI. and by her (who is celebrated for her learn-
ing in the Greek language, by Roger Ascham in his Epistles) he
bad a numerous issue, who all died very young, except Rolert
Earl of Salisbury , who succeeded him in his most honourable em-
ployments (a happiness which is very rare and unusual) ;

And two daughters, (both of which h outlived, as also his
second Lady, who died h April 4tb, 15&9, in the sixty-third year
of her age, and is buried under a very handsome monument in
St. Nicholas's chapel, Westminster abbey) viz. Anne, Countess of
Oxford; and

Elizabeth, married to William Wentworth, eldest son to Lord
Went worth.

He made his executors Gabriel Goodman, dean of West-
minster, a very reverend and worthy person, and Thomas Bellot,

c His conduct to Spenser, the poet, was surely illiberal ; and a stain on
his character. It may perhaps in part be attributed to the minister's dislike
of Leice? ter, under whose patronage the bard had come forward ; but I attri-
bute more to the coldness of his nature: for whatever praise we may allow to
Burleigh, he seems to have had none of those susceptibilities, which would
qualify him to feel poetry. See Todd's Life of Spenser in Works, vol. i.
p lxxvii. lxxxii. Ixxxiii- See also Spenser's Complaints', or Mother Hubbard's
Tale, vol. vii. p. 443 ; and the close of the sixth book of the Fairy Queen ; and
a passage in The Ruins of Time.

0 Several collections of state papers have been published from the Ceci}
MSS. as Dr. Forbes's ; Haynes's, 1740; Maidin's, 1759, &c.
e Hist, of Eng. vol. iv. p. 408, 409.
t C- 21— -50— 91, in Her. Coll
e Vincent's Baronage, MS. No 20, in Offi. Armor,
fc Inscrip. Tumuli.

MARQUIS OF EXETER. 599'

his domestic steward, to whom he left a large sum to be distributed
in charitable uses, which was very faithfully performed, as Camden
observes, p. 610, in History of England, vol. ii. His Lordship
was buried at Stamford, where an elegant monument is erected
to his memory.

His eldest son Thomas, second Lord Burleigh and first
Earl of Exeter, was born on May 5th, 1542 5 and was elected for
the town of Stamford in Lincolnshire to three parliaments in the
reign of Queen Elizabeth. In 1(5 Eliz. ■ he went a volunteer in
that expedition into Scotland in aid of the Earl of Murray, the
regent of the young King of Scots, when the castle of Edinburgh
was besieged and taken. In 1 7 Eliz. waiting on the Queen at
Kenilworth castle in Warwickshire, when she was entertained by
the Earl of Leicester with all princely pleasures, her Majesty at
that time conferred on him the honour of knighthood. In 25
Eliz. he was one of those illustrious gallants who entertained
Francis of Valois, Duke of Alanson, heir presumptive of France,
and brother to the French King, then in England as a suitor to
Queen Elizabeth, and gained honour in the justs, barriers, and
tourney, performed on that occasion. He also distinguished him-
self in the wars of the Low Countries, and was, on November
g\h, 1585, made governor of the Brille, one of the cautionary
towns which the States of Holland pledged to Queen Elizabeth,
the command of which he resigned in 158".

In the 27th of that reign, he was chosen one of the knights of
the shire for the county of Lincoln, as he was in another parlia-
ment; also in the 35th year of Queen Elizabeth was chosen for
Northamptonshire. In the memorable year of the Spanish inva-
sion, 1588, he, with his brother Sir Robert Cecil, were both
volunteers on board the fleet, which for six days maintained many-
sharp fights and fierce assaults with the Spanish navy, and at
length forced them to fly.

In 40 Eliz. at the funeral of his father the Lord Burleigh, on
August 29th, he was chief mourner, and by her Majesty's order
mourned as an Earl, being at that time in the fifty-seventh year
of his age. The year after he was constituted warden of Rock-
ingham forest, and constable of the castle there for life. And in
43 Eliz. on that insurrection then made by Robert Earl of Essex,

In Strype's Ann. vol. ii. p. 26, is a letter from him, December 26th,

11570, to the Earl of Sussex, from which it appears, that in the preceding year
he had served as a volunteer against the northern rebels.

600 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

went into the city of London with Garter principal king of arms,
and proclaimed him and his adherents traitors, though they met
with some opposition ; and was one of the commanders of those
forces that obliged the Earl and his adherents to surrender. Having
thus shewed himself a faithful subject to the Queen, he was
elected one of the Knights companions of the most noble order of
the Garter, and installed at Windsor on May 26th, 1001.

On the accession of King James to the throne in 1603, he was
sworn of the privy-council at the Charter house, May 10th, the
fourth day after his Majesty's arrival in London, and was consti-
tuted lord lieutenant of the county of Northampton : and his Ma-
jesty, in consideration of his great merits and services, created
him Earl of Exeter, by letters patent bearing date May 4th,
1005; which was the first precedent of any being advanced to
the title of Earl of the principal city, when another had the dignity
of Earl of the same county, Charles Blount being then Earl of
Devonshire. His Lordship, in I Jac. I. had an offer of being
made an Earl j on intimation whereof he sent the following letter
to Sir John Hobart, attorney general.

" Sir John Hubbert,

" Your letter fownd me in such estate, as rather T desyred
thre dayes ease of payne, than to dclyght to think of anny title of
honnour. I am resolvyd to content myselfe with this estate I
have of a Baron.

" And my present estate of lyving, howsoever those of the
world hath enlargyd it, I fynde lyttle inough to meynteyne the
degree I am in. And I am sure they that succeed me wyl be less
hable to mayntene it then I am, consydering there wyl goo owt
of the baronage three younger brothers lyvings.

" This is all I can wryte unto you at this time, being full of
payne j and therefore you must be content vvyth this my brefe
wryting. And I give yow my very hertie thanks for yor good
wyshes, and thynk myselfe beholdyng to those my frendes that
had care of me therin. And so I rest

" Your assurid frend,

'* Tho. Burghley."
" Burghley, this
<{ 12 of January, i6oj."

In lQlO he was present and a witness to the patent, dated
May 30th, creating Henry, the King's eldest son, Prince of Wales.
Jn 1616 he was in commission with other lords of the privy-

MARQUIS OF EXETER. 601

council, to treat with Sir Noel Caron, Knight, ambassador from
the States General, for the delivery up of the town of Flushing,
with the castle of Ramakins in Zealand, and the town of Brille in
Holland. In 1(5 1 8 he was in commission for banishing all Romish
Jesuits, seminary priests, &c. And in lfj20 was in a special com-
mission with the archbishop of Canterbury, &:c. to inquire and
put in execution the laws against all and singular heresies, great
errors in matters of faith and religion, schisms, unlawful conven-
ticles tending to schism, against the religion and government of
the church established, with full powers to call before them all
persons, &c. As also in another commission the same year, with
the archbishop of York and others, to execute all manner of eccle-
siastical jurisdiction within the province of York.

About the year l602, his Lordship converted part of the old
palace at Lidington in Rutlandshire, formerly belonging to the
bishops of Lincoln, into an hospital, for a warden, twelve poor
men, and two women, allowing a competent maintenance for their
support. He also gave to Clare Hall the yearly value of 108 /. in
good farms, for the maintenance of three fellows and eight scho-
lars : and departing this life on the /th of February 1621-2, aged
eighty, was buried in the chapel of St. John Baptist, in the col-
legiate church of St. Peter at Westminster, where there is a stately
monument erected to his memory, of black and white marble,
finely polished, raised above five feet from the floor, with the
statues of the Earl in his parliament robes, collar, George, an
mantle of the Garter ; as also of his Countess in her robes on his
right hand j round the verge whereof is curiously engraven this
inscription :

Thomas Cecil comes Exeter, baro de Burleigh, ordinis gar-
terii eques, regi Jacolo a sanctioribus consiliis, cum charissimis
dual-us uxorihus ejus. Dorothea Nevil, ex nolili domina Latimeri
familia, et una cohcer edit us , prima uxore, et Franpiscali Bridges,1

k She was widow of Sir Thomas Smith, master of requests to James I.
who died Nov- 28th, 1609. She was 38 years younger than her husband;
and living to the age of 83 years, died in 1663, and was buried under a
flat stone in Winchester cathedral- Her father was William Bridges, fourth
Lord Chandos ; and she was sister to Grey, Lord Chandos, called King of
Cotsivouid. The wife of her son-in-law, the second Earl, was older than her.
There were dreadful family feuds between her, and the family of Lake of
Cannons, into which Lord Roos, grandson to her husband, had married- There
is a celebrated print of this Countess by Faithorne-
Walker's Nobility, p 46.

002 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

ex nolili famtfia Chandois, secunda uxore, cumjirma spe rcsurrec~
tionis hoc in monumento composita obdormiunt." '

L[is Lordship by his last wife had an only daughter, Sophia
Anna, buried September 15th, 1621 ; but

By the first, one of the co-heirs of John Nevil, Lord Latimer,1*
he had issue five sons and eight daughters, viz.

First, William, who succeeded him, born anno 1506.

Second, Sir Richard Cecil, born anno 1570, ancestor the pre-
sent Earl of Exeter.

Third, Sir Edward Cecil, born in 15/1, created Viscount
Wimbleton.

Fourth, Christopher, drowned in Germany.

And, fifth, Thomas, born in 1578, who married Anne, daughter
of Sir Robert Lee, Knight, Lord Mayor of London, n and had
issue Benjamin, Charles, Dorothy, and Anne.

His daughters were these : Catherine, who died unmarried;
Lucy, wedded to William Marquis of Winchester j Mildred, first
married to Sir Thomas Read, Knight, and afterwards to Sir Ed-
mund TrafTord, of TrarTord, in com. Lane. Knight j Mary, to
Edward Lord Denny, afterwards created Earl of Norwich ; Susan,
who died unmarried ; Elizabeth, wedded first to Sir William
Hatton, Knight, and afterwards to Sir Edward Coke, Knight,
lord chief justice of the King's Bench ; Dorothy, to Sir Giles Al-
linglon, of Hoisheath, in com. Cantab. Knight j and Frances, to
Sir Nicholas Tuft on, of Hothfield, in com. Lane. Knight, after-
wards Earl of Thanet.

His Lordship's third son, Sir Edward Cecil, before mentioned,
Viscount Wimbleton, was one of the most famous generals of his
time, having followed the wars in the Netherlands for the space
of thirty-five years with great applause ; being first colonel of foot,
and at the battle of Newport commanded the English horse. He
was also marshal, and general of the forces sent by King James I.
and Charles I. against the Spaniards and Imperialists. On No-
vember 9th, 1625, 1 Car. I. he was advanced to the dignity of
Baron Cecil of Putney ; and the year after, on July 25th, was
created Viscount IVimbleton in com. Surry; and after his return
from the wars was made one of his Majesty's privy-council, lord
lieutenant of Surry, and governor of Portsmouth. He married

1 This is not true of the second wife, who is buried at Winchester.
•n Most of whose old estates her husband sold to buy elsewhere. Strype's
Ann. vol. iii. app. p. 129.

» Vid Ted of Lee, K 3, fol 90, in Her. Coll.

MARQUIS OF EXETER. 60S

three wives ; first, Theodosia, daughter of Sir Andrew Noel, of
Dalby, in com. Leic Knight, ancestor to the Earls of Gains-
borough, and by her, who died in Holland, and is buried, in the
cathedral church of Utrecht, he had issue four daughters ; Do-
rothy, who died unmarried ; Albinia, wedded to Sir Christopher
Wray, of Barlings, in com. Line. Knight, and by her ancestor to
Sir Thomas Wray, Bart, ; Elizabeth, to Francis Lord Willoughby
of Parham j and Frances, to James, son and heir of William Vis-
count Say and Sele. His second wife was Diana, daughter and
co-heiress to Sir William Drury, of Halstede, in com. SufF. Knt
(one of the co-heirs of Sir Robert Drury, of Halstede, Knight,)
by which Lady, who is buried at Wimbleton, he had issue an
only daughter Anne, who died in her infancy. And by this third
wife Sophia, daughter of Sir Ed.vard Zouch, of Woking in com.
Surry, Knight, he had issue an only son, Algernon, who likewise
died in his infancy : and departing this life at Wimbledon, No-
vember lrjth, 1638, was there buried, leaving his Lady surviving,
who lived to a very great age, dying in November, 1G9I.

His eldest brother William, second Eahl of Exeter, was
married in his youth to Elizabeth, sole daughter and heir to Ed-
ward Manners, Earl of Rutland. This Lady deceased on ° May
11th, 1591, and was buried on the 19th in Westminster abbey,
leaving issue an only son William, who, in right of his mother,
bore the title of Lord Roos.

And taking to his second wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Wil-
liam Drury, and sister and co-heir to Sir Robert Drury, of Hal-
stede, in com. Surf. Knight, who died February 26th, 1658, aged
eighty-three, had only three daughters ; Elizabeth, wife of Sir
Thomas Howard, Knight of the Bath (afterwards created Lord
Howard ofCharleton, Viscount Andover, and Earl of Berkshire ;)
Diana, first married to Henry Vere, Earl of Oxford, and secondly
to Thomas Bruce, Earl of Elgin in Scotland, and Baron Bruce, of
Whorlton in Yorkshire j and Anne, to Henry Lord Grey, of
Groby, afterwards Earl of Stamford.

His Lordship's only son, William Lord Roos, married, on
February 12th, 1616, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Lake, of
Cannons in Middlesex, Knight, principal secretary of state -s and
was sent ambassador into Spain to the Emperor Matthias in p l6l 1,

Antiquities of Westminster abbey, p 69.
See Sanderson's Life of King James, p. 447.

CO* PEERAGE OF ENGLAND

from whence he returned in March 1617. 1 After which his
title of Lord Roos being disputed by the Earl of Rutland,, though
the King had allowed it to him in his letters of credence, the ar-
guments on each part were heard before the lords commissioners
for executing the office of earl marshal, who adjudged that title
to him : he had the King's declaration thereupon, dated July 22d,
14 Jac. I. But the year after travelling out of England into Italy,
he departed this life without issue at Naples, on June27th,r 1618,
Taeing dispatched, as was suspected, by poison. His s Lady being
after his death married to George Rodney, Esq. son of Sir George
Rodney, Knight, died in the year 1(530, and thirtieth of her age,
and was buried at Rodney Stoke in the county of Somerset.

The before-mentioned William Earl of Exeter, his father, was
installed one of the Knights of the Garter at Windsor, on Oc-
tober 5th, 1630, being then of the privy-council to King Charles I.
And departing this life, was buried on July 8th, 1640, near his
father, in the chapel of St. John Baptist in Westminster abbey :
and leaving no male issue, his nephew, David Cecil, son and heir
to Sir Richard Cecil, his brother, succeeded him in his honours.

Which Sir Richard Cecil was seated at Wakerley, in the
county of Northampton j and in the 39th -of Queen Elizabeth
was % elected to parliament for the city of Peterborough ; as also
in the first parliament called by James I. and waiting on his Ma-
jesty at Woodstock in Oxfordshire, had the honour of11 knight-
hood conferred on him there, on August 28th, 1616. During the
remaining part of King James's reign, he served in parliament for
Stamford 3 and having married Elizabeth, daughter x of Sir An-
thony Cope, of Hanwell in com. Oxon. Knt. and Bart, had issue
David his son and heir before mentioned, and a daughter Eliza-
beth, who was married to John Havers, of Stockerston, in Leices-

1 Sanderson says, that on his return home, falling into some neglect of
his wife and her kindred, and refusing to increase her allowance, the mother
(Lady Lake) and daughter accused him of incontinence with the widow of his
grandfather, the Countess Frances. The King interposed; and the whole
Lake family were brought into disgrace. See Sanderson's Reign of James I.
p 447, 449; and Memoirs of James's Peers, p. 472, 476

r In the profession of the church of Rome, which Dr. Birch mentions as

an astonishing instance of degeneracy in the heir of lord treasurer Burleigh.

s Le Neve's MonAng. vol. i. p. 128.

t Ex Collect. B. Willis, Arm.

u Philpot's Cat. of Knights, corrected by Robert Dale, Esq MS.

x Ex Stemmate de Famil Cope.

MARQUIS OF EXETER. 605

tershire, Esq. and dying February 15th, 1633, aged twenty-five,
was buried in Stockerston church.

Which David, third Earl of Exeter, succeeded his uncle
Earl William in his honours in the year 1640, y but found the
.estate much diminished by the fortunes of the three coheirs, and
the dowers of two widows, his grandfather's and his uncle's : the
former not dying till 1663, and the latter in 1658, and was buried
at the upper end of the south ailr, under the north wall, in the
parish church of St. James, Clerkenwell, where there is a black
marble tomb erected with the following inscription :

Here lyeth Elizabeth, Countess Dowager of Exeter, daughter
of Sir William Drury, ofHausted in the county of Suffolk, Knight;
and co-heir of Sir Robert Drury her brother ; she was married
to William Cecil, Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter,
Lord Burghley, Earl of Exeter, sonne of Thomas Lord Burghley,
Earl of Exeter, and grand-child to the illustrious William Lord,
Burleigh, lord treasurer to Queen Elizabeth. By the said Earl
she had three daughters and heirs, Elizabeth, married to Thomas
Howard, Viscount Andover, Earl of Berkshire', Diana, married
first to Henry 'Lord Vere, Earl of Oxenford ; after his death she
married Thomas Lord Bruce, Baron of Whorleton, Earl of Elgin;
Anne married to Henry Lord Grey, ofGrooby, Earl of Stamford.
She died at her house called St. Johns, the 2(5th day of February ■■
lt)58; her age was about eighty year es, leaving, behinde her an
example for piety, wisdom, bounty, charity, and all goodness, fit for
imitation of all Ladies of honour and virtue.

f

The said David, Earl of Exeter, married Elizabeth, daughter
to John Earl of Bridgewater, by whom he had six sons and three
daughters. Thomas, the youngest of the sons, was buried at
Tinwell in Rutlandshire, on May 28th, 164J ; and Elizabeth, one
of the daughters, was buried there on November 13th, 1638.
Anne, another daughter, died young j and Frances was married to
Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, afterwards Earl of Shaftesbury.

His sons that survived him, were,

First, John Earl of Exeter.

Second, William.

And, third, David.

y Additions to the Baronage of England, by Sir William'Dugdale, MS.
pene« njeipi.

606 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

And his lordship departing this life at London, on April 18th,
1643, was buried in the church of St. Martin's Stamford, near to
William Lord Burghley his great grandfather.

Which John, fourth Earl of Exeter, was six years of
age anno 1634; and by the Lady Frances, his first wife, daughter
to John Earl of Rutland, had issue John, Earl of Exeter ; David,
who died young ; as also one daughter, Frances, married to John
Lord Viscount Scudamore, in the realm of Ireland. On July
17th, 1662, he was constituted lord lieutenant, of the county of
Northampton. His first Lady died December 2d, 1660.

His Lordship married to his second wife the Lady Mary,
daughter to Mildmay Fane, Earl of Westmoreland, widow of
Sir Bryan Palmes, of Ashwell, in com. Rutl. Knight, but by her
had no issue.

And departing this life at Burghley house, near Stamford,
March 18th, 1 687-8, z was buried in St. Martin's church afore-
said.

To whom succeeded, as fifth Earl of Exeter, John Lord
Burghley, his only surviving son, who married Anne, only daughter
of William Earl of Devonshire, and sister to William Duke of
Devonshire, also widow of Charles Lord Rich, son and heir of
Charles Earl of Warwick, a Lady celebrated in one of the first
poems of Mr. Prior, to whom her Lord was patron ; for it is from
Burghley he dates his ingenious epistle to Fleetwood Shephard,
Esq. The Earl of Exeter had by her,

First, John, his son and heir.

Second, William Cecil, of Snape in the county of York, Esq.
several times member for Stamford, as was his brother.

Third, Charles.

And, fourth, Edward, — who all three died unmarried. The
latter was at the siege of Barcelona, A. D. 1706, and died there
after raising the siege.

Also four daughters, Christian, Anne, and Frances, who died
young ; and Elizabeth, married to Charles Boyle, Earl of Orrery
in Ireland, and Baron of Mars ton in England.

This noble Earl had a learned education, and an excellent
genius, for the improvement whereof he travelled twice to Rome,
and the most polite parts of Europe 5 whereby no person was
better adapted to adorn the court, or fitter for the administration
of public affairs. But his Lordship not taking the oaths at the

a Journal G:eg King Lane Fecial- MS. penes meips.

MARQUIS OF EXETER. 607

revolution in 1688-9, ne lived for the most part in the counlry,
always in great honour and reputation 5 affable and pleasing to
his friends, bountiful to the poor, and a constant assertor of the
religion and liberties of his country. His Lady was a faithful
companion in his travels, and was present when he died, on Au-
gust 29th, 1700, in his last return from Rome, in the village of
Issy, near Paris : she survived him three years, and was buried
near him, under a very magnificent and elegant monument,
brought among other exquisite works from Rome, and erected in
the church of St. Martin's, Stamford; whereon is this inscription,
which further shews how greatly they excelled in whatever was
commendable.

//. S. E.

Johannes Cecil, baro de Burghley, Exonice comes, magni
Burlcii abnepos haudquaquam degener. Egregiam enim indoicm
optimis moribus optimis artilus excoluit. h'umanioribus Uteris bene
instructus, peregre plus vice simplici, profectus est. Et ab excultis
Europce regionifois, multam antiquitatum linguarum, necnon et
rerum civilium scientiam report :vit. Cum nemo forte melius vel
aulam ornare, vel curare respublicas posset, matuit tamen otium et
secession.

ltai[ue ruri suo vixit eleganter, sumptuose, splendide, libera/ibus
studiis oblectatus, amicis comis etjucundus, events largtis, Icgum
et ecclesice Anglicancefortis semper propugnator. Suarum virtu-
tum et peregrin ationum, imo fere et scientiarum. sociam habuit
uxor em, Annam ex prcenobili domo de Cavendish, Gulielrni co?niiis
Devonicefliam, corporis forma, et animi ingenio, et omnibus qua:
fwminam decere possent, dotilus insignem: E qua quinque liberos
msceptt : Fcolix conjuge, fcelix et prole I sed inter omnia, viiam
quce fa dun t beatiorem, mortalitatis haud immemor, duin apud
Jialos pra'cipua artis opera curiosus luslrabat, hoc monumentum
illic, ubi exquisitissi me fieri potuii, sibi et charissima; leciisui, et
itinerum et curarum omnium consorti.

F.F ■

Oliit ille, 0lili i!la>

Aug. 29, 17OO. Jun- IS> i'03-

HM eldest son and heir, John, sixth Earl of Exeter,
served in. parliament for the county of Rutland in ]6Q5 and l&'ys ;
and, on the. decease of his father, took his seat iu the house of

608 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

peersa March 28th, 1701, and took the oaths as lord lieutenant of
the county of Rutland, December llth, 17 12.

His Lordship married, first, in February, 1 696-7, Annabella,
daughter of John Bennet, Lord Ossulston, who dying in August,
1698, he had no issue by her. He secondly wedded Elizabeth,
eldest daughter, and one of the co-heirs of Sir John Brownlow,
of Belton in the county of Lincoln, Bart. They were married
in September I699, and her Ladyship died in the forty-third year
of her age, on November 28th, 1723. They had issue five sons,
First, John, Lord Burleigh.
Second, Brownlow, Earl of Exeter.

Third, William, who having been educated with his brother,
the late Lord, at St. John's college, Cambridge, where most of
his predecessors had studied, gave great hopes of keeping up the
lustre of the family 5 but he died too early, to the concern of all
who had the happiness of his acquaintance, on July 19th, 1727,
and was buried at St. Martin's in Stamford.
Fourth, Francis.

And, fifth, Charles, who both died unmarried in the year 1720,
and are buried at St. Martin's aforesaid. Also a daughter, Lady
Elizabeth, b the wife of William Aislabie, Esq. son and heir of
John Aislabie, of Studley in the county of York, Esq. chancellor
of the exchequer, and of the privy-council to King George I. which
Lady departed this life on April 6th, 1733, leaving issue several
children.

His Lordship dying on December 24th, 1721, was buried with
his ancestors at Stamford, and was succeeded in his honours by
John Lord Burleigh, his eldest son and heir.

Which John, seventh Earl of Exeter, dying unmarried
on April 9th, 1/22, was buried at Stamford, and succeeded by his
brother and heir, Brownlow Cecil, Esq. then member of parlia-
ment for Stamford.

The said Brownlow, eighth Earl of Exeter, married, in
July 1724, Hannah Sophia, daughter and heir of Thomas Cham-
bers, of Derby and London, Esq. by whom he had issue three sons
and three daughters,

First, Brownlow, ninth Earl of Exeter, born September 21st,
1725.

» Journal Dom. Procer.
b She was the first wife of William Aislabie, Esq. and lies buried at Rip-
pon in York, leaving issue.

MARQUIS OF EXETER. 609

Second, Lady Margaret Sophia, who died in February 1 737-8.

Third, the Hon. Thomas Chambers Cecil, born June 2.5th,
1/28, and elected for the county of Rutland to parliament 1761,
and died in 1777:, having married Charlotte Gornier, by whom he
had an only son, Henry, tenth Earl, and first Marquis.

Fourth, David, born and died on January 18th, 1736.

Fifth, Lady Elizabeth, born July 22d, 1 729, married May 19th,
1757, to John Chaplyn, of Blankeny in Lincolnshire, Esq.

His Lordship departing this life on November 3d, 1754, (leav-
ing his Lady surviving, who died c April 30th, 1765, aged sixty-
three) was succeeded in his honours and estate by his eldest son,

Brownlow, ninth Earl of Exeter, who was elected
member for Stamford to the parliament summoned in 1747, and
likewise for the county of Rutland, and made his election for the
latter. He was also chosen for the same county to the parlia-
ment which met on May 31st, 1754; and on June 22d, 1752,
took the oaths as lord lieutenant and custos rotulorum of the said
county of Rutland. His Lordship was likewise one of the Fellows
of the Royal Society of London. His Lordship married, on July
24th, 1749, Letitia, sole daughter and heir of Horatio Townshend,
one of the commissioners of the excise, and third son of Horatio
Viscount Townshend; but by her, who died on April 17th, 1756s,
and was buried at Stamford, had no issue.

His Lordship died December 26th, 1793 ; and was succeeded
by his nephew

Henry, bbrn at Brussels, March 14th, 1754, who when a
commoner was elected member of parliament for Stamford, 177 4>
1780, 1784 ; and on his uncle's death became tenth Earl of
Exeter ; and was advanced to the dignity of Marquis of Ex-
eter, February 4th, 1801.

His Lordship married, first, Emma, sole daughter and heir of
Thomas Vernon, Esq. of Hanbury in Worcestershire, from whom
he was divorced in 179I, having no surviving issue by her.

He married, secondly, Miss Sarah Hoggins ; and by her, who
died January 18th, 1797, had issue,

First, Sophia, born February 4th, 1792.

Second, Henry, died an infant.

Third, Brownlow, present Marquis.

Fourth, Thomas, born January 1st, 1797*

His Lordship married, thirdly, August 19th, 1800, Elizabeth,
Duchess of Hamilton, widow of Douglas, sixth Duke j but had no

« Coffin Plate.
vol. 11. an

610 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND

issue by her. He died May 1st, 1804, and was succeedev by his
son,

Brownlow, second and present Marciuis, born July 2d>
1795.

Titles. Brownlow Cecil, Marquis and Earl of Exeter, and
Baron of Burleigh.

Creations. Baron of Burleigh in com. Northamp. February
25th (15/0-1), 13 Eliz. and Earl of Exeter, May 4th (1605),
3 Jac. I. and Marquis of Exeter February 4th, 1801.

Arms. Barry of ten, Argent and Azure, over all six escut-
cheons, 3, 2, and l, Sable, each charged with a lion rampant of
the field.

Crest. On a chapeau, Gules, turned up ermine, a garb, Or,
supported by two lions -} that on the dexter side Argent, on th«
sinister Azure.

Supporters. Two lions, ermine.

Motto. Cor unum, via una.

Chief Seat. At Burleigh, in the county of Northampton.

END OF VOL. II.

T. Benstey, Printer,
Bolt Court, Fleet Street, Lonfort.

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA

DUKE OF ANC ASTER.— P. l.

His Grace Brownlow, fifth Duke of Ancaster, died without
male issue, February 8th, 1809, set. seventy-nine, at his seat at
Grimsthorpe Castle, near Bourn, in Lincolnshire, when the
Dukedom and Marquisate became extinct ; but the Earldom of
Lindsey devolved on General Albemarle Bertie. See Vol. HI.
p. 307-

The family burial place of the former possessors of the titles
has been at Edenham ; but the remains of the now deceased Duke
were interred, agreeably to his directions, at Swinestead, where
his Grace caused a vault to be made some years ago; and where
his wives lie. The death of the Duke of Ancaster is a subject of
real sorrow to hundreds. His Grace was the common benefactor
of whomsoever lived around him ; and as a landlord, was re-
garded as one of the best in England. Very few of those who
held farms on the extensive domain of the Duke have had
their rents advanced during the thirty years in which his Grace
was their landlord. The estates, to which there is a doubtful
title between the Earl of Lindsey and Lord Gvvydir, are those of
Uffington, Tallington, and West Deeping. The funeral of his
Grace took place on the 17th, at Swinestead. The assemblage of
sorrowing friends on this occasion was estimated to be five
thousand.21

DUKE OF PORTLAND.— P. 29.

P. 37. November 8th, 1811, died at Surinam, after a few
days illness, C. F. Bentinck, Esq. of Welbeck-street, London,
governor and commander in chief of that colony. From his abi-
lities, urbanity, and exertions in the honourable situation he held,
the inhabitants of the settlement have, with a numerous circle of

a Gent. Mag. Feb. 1809, p. 189. See also p. 276, an Epitaph designed for
his Grace.

VOL. 11. 2 s

612 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

friends and relatives in this country, most sincerely to deplore his
loss.

Captain William Bentinck, of the royal navy, married, Octo-
ber 20th, 1S02, Lady Frances Augusta Eliza, eldest daughter of
Charles, Earl Manvers; and has a son, born July l/th, 1803.

Charlotte Frances, third daughter of Captain John Albert
Bentinck, of the royal navy, married, November 13, 1785, the
present Sir Robert Shore Milnes, Bart, and has three sons and
two daughters.

P. 39. The eldest son of Lord Edward Charles Bentinck,
brother to the third and late Duke, is in holy orders; and is a
dignitary of the church, Prebendary of Westminster, &c. His
daughter, Henrietta, married, May 8th, I8O9, Sir William Mor-
dauntMilner, Bart.

P. 40. William, third and late Duke or Portland, died
October 30th, JS09, aet. seventy-one. His Grace was sent Lord
Lieutenant to Ireland in the Marquis of Rockingham's ad-
ministration, April 8th, 1782, (See Hardy's Life of Lord Charle-
mont,) which, as the Marquis died soon after, his Grace only
held till September 15th following. When the Coalition took
place between Fox and North, which drove the Marquis's succes-
sor, Lord Lansdowne, from the helm, his Grace was, on April
5th, 17S3, appointed First Lord of the Treasury. This
also he resigned December 27th following, when William Pitt
became Premier. Hence he united in firm phalanx with the
companions of his retreat; and with Fox, Burke, Sheridan,
Windham, and many others, formed the most powerful Whig
opposition for many years to the young, eloquent, powerful, and
undaunted minister, till the alarm of the French Revolution dis-
solved this mighty combination 3 and the Duke, a convert to the
master-mind of Burke, felt the necessity of strengthening the hands
of government, and on July 11th, 179^ was appointed Principal
Secretary of State for the Home Department. The seals of
this office he held till July 30th, 1801, when Mr. Pitt having re-
tired, his Grace was nominated President of the Council in
the new administration of Addington 3 and so continued till the
dissolution of that ministry.

When Lord Grenville's ministry ceased, his Grace was once
more appointed First Lord of the Treasury, in the spring of
1807; and held that high office till his death.
• His Grace was of easy manners, and mild and amiable disf

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 613

position : not insensible of his rank, yet unassuming in the use
of it : it is not improbable that his love of ease, and tendency to-
wards indolence, made him sometimes too ductile, and the dupe
of those, by whom the rectitude of his understanding would not
yet suffer him to be deceived. In this respect he was, perhaps,
not unlike his brother-in-law and relation, the Duke of Devon-
shire.

As a statesman, his high rank and princely estates, his long
familiarity with public affairs, the plainness of his understanding,
and his constitutional principles, gave him many important qualifi-
cations for the high offices which he held. It would be idle flat-
tery to assert that he possessed the vigour and brilliancy of genius,
or even eminent talents : but on his public conduct his country
may look with approbation ; and his posterity may feel a just pride
that he so discharged the high duties he undertook for his country,
that his name will stand honourably on her annals, while many
of his cotemporaries of equal rank and advantages will sink into
the oblivion which is the price of a selfish privacy.

His son, Lord William Bentinck, was advanced to be a lieute-
nant-general in the army, June 4th, 1811 ; appointed to the com-
mand of the twentieth. dragoons, January 4th, 1810; and is now
commander in chief in Sicily. He has issue a daughter.

Lord Charles is retired from the army ; and married Septem-
ber 2 1st, 1S08, Miss Seymour.

His Grace was succeeded by his eldest son,

William Henry Cavendish Scott, fourth and present
Duke of Portland, who is Lord Lieutenant of the county
of Middlesex. By his Majesty's permission, his Grace, in Sep-
tember 1795, added the name of Scott to that of Bentinck,
and annexed the arms of Scott to his own. His issue are,

First, William Henry, Marquis of Ticlifield, born October
22d, 1796.

Second, Lady Caroline, born July 6th, 179£-

Third, Lord John, bom September 18th, 1800.

Fourth, Lady Henrietta.

Fifth, Lord George.

Sixth, Lord Henry.

Seventh, Lady Charlotte.

Eighth, Lady Lucy.

Ninth, Lady Mary.

P. 41. The seat at Bulstrode is now sold to the Duke of
Somerset.

614 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

DUKE OF DORSET.— P. 90.

P. 111. The Mirrour for Magistrates, In the second edition
of which, 1563, Sackvilles Induction first appeared, is now re-
publishing in the fourth volume of the British Bibliographer,
with a careful collation of the various alterations in all the editions
of that curious and once popular work.

P. 179. Lady Mary Sackville, sister to the present Duke,
married, Aug. 5, 181 1, Other Archer, present Earl of Plymouth.

PELHAM CLINTON, DUKE OF NEWCASTLE.— P. 181. *

P. 212. Henry Clinton, second son of the late Sir Henry,
was advanced to the rank of Major-General, July 25th, 1810,
and has now a command under Lord Wellington, in Portugal.

P. Lady Anne Maria Clinton, eldest sister of the present
Duke, married, January 1st, 1801, the present Lieutenant-Gene-
ral Sir Stapleton Cotton, Bart, and died May 31st, IS07.

Lady Charlotte, the other sister, died, unmarried, May 23d,
1811.

His Grace, the present Duke, has issue,

First, a daughter, born August 6th, 1808.

Second, * Earl of Lincoln, born May 22d, 1811.

DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND.— P. 217.

P. 365. Lady Julia Percy, died 1812.
Hugh, Earl Percy, was called up to the House of Peers, by
the title of Baron Percy, in March, 1812.

MARQUIS OF WINCHESTER.— P. 396.

P. 58. Lord Henry Powlett is now Rear-Admiral of the
Blue, and Colonel of Marines.

The Marquis of Winchester has issue,
First, John, Earl of Wiltshire, born June 3d, 1801.
Second, Lord Henry, born August 12th, 1803.
Third, Lord George, born July 7th, 1804.
Fourth, a daughter, born August 9th, 1805.
Fifth, a daughter, born November 24th, 1806.

a P208. Charles Fynes, D. C- L. is Prebendary of Westminster. His
son, Henry Fynes, Esq. M. P. for Aldborough, married, January 6th, >8i2,
Catherine, third daughter of Dr. Majendie, Bishop of Bangor.

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 615

MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM.— P. 390.

P. 420. Died, on Monday evening, March IfJth, 1 812, at a few
minutes before ten o'clock, at Buckingham House, in Pall Mall,
the Most Noble Mary Elizabeth Nugent, Marchioness of Buck-
ingham, Lady of the Marquis of Buckingham, and Baroness
Nugent, of Carlanstown in Ireland, in her own right.

Her Ladyship was the daughter and heiress of the late Robert
Crages, Earl Nugent in Ireland; wis married to the Marquis
April 16th, 1775, and created Baroness Nugent December 2gth,
1800. It would be difficult, within the limits which we pre-
scribe to ourselves, to do justice to the amiable qualities and su-
perior virtues and merits of this lady. To all that dignity of de-
portment which was suited to her rank, she added the most
charming affability and frankness of manners, so as to diffuse
delight and happiness every where around herr and to give life
and animation to the circle of relations and friends who enjoyed
the benefit of her society. In all the duties of life her con-
duct was equally praiseworthy and exemplary; as a wife, a
mother, the mistress of a family, and as a friend to her
neighbours of every rank. Her ladyship possessed considerable
taste and skill in works of genius, manifested in her drawings
and paintings, many of which decorate the superb mansion at
Stowe, where the Marquis and she principally resided. But the
chief trait in her character was her charity and benevolence, of
which the instances are without number, as well in the metro-
polis, as in those parts of Buckinghamshire and Essex where she
had the means of discerning the wants of her fellow-creatures.
So that, independent of the impressions of admiration excited
by her exalted worth and accomplishments, there would be
enough in her acts of beneficence alone to endear her memory to
every feeling heart. She had complained of an increasing dim-
ness of sight, unattended by any other symptoms of illness, and-
had come to town the week preceding to consult the best oculists,
as well as her own physicians, on the state of her eyes. She
had been out every forenoon, and appeared perfectly well in health
till Sunday evening, when she was seized with an acute pain in
her head; and the next morning, her physicians, considering
her in danger, dispatched an express for the Marquis, who was
on his road from Stowe, and had reached Uxbridge, when he
met with the heart-rending tidings of her death.

610 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

It will be easier to imagine than to describe the depth of
affliction in which his Lordship and all the family were involved.
The loss of such a lady must be long and deeply felt by the rela-
tions and friends who survive her j and by the poor, in the dis-
tricts where her personal attentions and charitable assistance ex-
tended comfort and relief to so many who stood in need of it.
A large portion of the nobility were put in mourning by this
event, as related either to her own or her husband's families.
She has left three children. Gent. Mag. March, 1812.

First, Richard, Earl Temple, married to Lady Anne Eliza,
daughter of the late Duke of Chandos.

Second, Lady Mary Anne, married to the Hon. Everard
Arundel.

Third, Lord George Grenville, who, by his mothers decease,
becomes Baron Nugent of Carlanstown, and is heir to the Nu-
gent estates. His Lordship published, in the spring of 1812, a
poem, entitled Portugal, which has met with somewhat severe
treatment from the Reviewers.

MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE.— P. All.

P. 440. John, second Marquis of Lansdowne, died at
Lansdown House, Berkeley-square, November 15th, I8O9, set.
forty-four. Early in life great expectations of his future career
on the pulic stage of the world were formed, from the appear-
ance of abilities which he displayed. But the opinions which he
afterwards cherished, verging on the extreme of whiggism, met
perhaps with some blights, which threw him into retirement, and
encouraged habits in which his amusements took a somewhat ec-
centric turn. He deserted Bowood, and fitted up a whimsical
residence on the site of the old Castle at Southampton. He kept
a yacht, and spent much time in maritime excursions.

He was succeeded by his only brother (by the first Marquis's
second wife),

Henry, third and present Marquis of Lansdowne,
who, in 180fJ, was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer
in the administration of Lord Grenville, (which succeeded the
death of Mr. Pitt).

His Lordship married, March 30th, 1808, Lady Louisa Emma,
fifth daughter of Henry Thomas Fox Strangways, second Earl of
Ilchester j and has a son and heir,

Earl ofWycomle, born May 12th, 1810.

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 617

MARQUIS OF STAFFORD. -P. 441.

P. 452. Lady Georgina Augusta Gower, wife of the Hon.
William Eliot, died in 1806.

Lord Granville Leveson Gower married, December 24th,
I8O9, Lady Henrietta Cavendish, second daughter of William,
late Duke of Devonshire ; and has a daughter, Susan Leveson
Gower, born in November, 1810.

MARQUIS TOWNSHEND.— P. 454.

P. 479. Lady Elizabeth, wife of General Loftus, (who is
lieutenant of the Tower) died March 21st, 1811, leaving issue
five sons, George, Arthur, Charles, Ferrars, and Frederick j and
one daughter, Charlotte, married March 24th, 1S12, to her
cousin, Lord Charles Townshend.

Lady Henrietta, youngest daughter of the first Marquis, mar-
ried, September lOth, 1811, the Hon. William Blaquiere, second
son of John, Lord Ds Blaquiere.

Hardy, in his Life of Lord Charlemont, Vol. I. p. 241, thus
speaks of the Marquis: —

" His Vice-Royalty (of Ireland) forms a peculiar epocha in
the history of his country. A gall nt sold er j the military asso-
ciate of Wolfe j frank, convivial, abounding in wit and humour,
sometimes, it is said, more than was stri- ..ly consonant to the
vice-royal dignity ; capricious, uncertain, he not unfrequently
offended the higher orders ; but altogether, had his parliamentary
measures been more agreeable, few Lord Lieutenants would
have been more acceptable to the Irish. His brother, the cele-
brated Charles Townshend, was then Chancellor of the Exche-
quer; but scarcely had the Lord Lieutenant kissed hands on his
appointment, when Charles Townshend died, and his political
importance suffered of course much diminution. A very novel
system as to this country, had, previous to his departure from
England, been resolved on by the English cabinet. The Lord
Lieutenant was in future to continue here for some years, and all
the patronage of the lord justices consigned to him ; a wise sys-
tem for Ireland, had it been carried into execution, as it should
have been."

M The session for 1 768 will be long memorable for the passing
of the Octennial Bill into a law j a measure, which whether Lord

<51S PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Townshend recommended its adoption or not to the English mi-
nistry, covered him with popularity, and may be said to have
first opened the door of the British constitution to Ireland."

" After a residence of five years, Lord Townshend was at last
recalled, as the decorums of a court and dignity of representa-
tion, were said to be not exactly, or uniformly, sustained by his
excellency." Hid. p. 315.

P. 480. George, second Margiuis Townshend, died at
his house at Richmond, July 27th, 181]. His Lordship was
President of the Society of Antiquaries; and a great genealogist,
on which subject his library was amply furnished, as well in fo-
reign works, as those of our own country. This library was ipld
at Leigh and Sotheby's, in May, 1811, and produced about
5/001. His Lordship left the ancient family estates, at Rainham
and elsewhere, in Norfolk, to his second son, Lord Charles.

Lord Charles married, March 24th, 1812, as already men-
tioned, his cousin, Elizabeth Loftus ; about which time he retired
from the army.

Lady Charlotte Bisshopp left no issue.

George Ferrars, third and present Marquis Town-
shend, married Miss Gardner, May 12th, 1807, but has no issue.

CECIL, MARQUIS OF SALIBURY.— P. 484.

P. 4g5. A daughter of the Marquis, born in April, 1793,
died May 23, 1797.

MARQUIS OF BATH.— P. 496.

P. 511. The Marquis has,

Seventh, a son, born January 20th, 1805.

Eighth, a son, born December 25tb, 1808.

Ninth, a son, born in 180p.

Tenth, a daughter, born April 10th, 1811.

MARQUIS OF ABERCORN.— P. 513.

P. 35. James, discount Hamilton, married, in I8O9, Fran-
ces, eldest daughter of the Hon. John Douglas, (fourth son of
James, Earl of Morton) by Frances, eldest daughter of Edward
Lascelles, Lord Harewood.

Lord Claude died at Madeira in June, 1808.

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 619

MARQUIS OF HERTFORD.— P. .560.

P. 565. Henry Seymour (son of Lord Robert) has retired
from the army, in which he was lieutenant-colonel of the twenty-
third dragoons; and, in March, 1812, was appointed by his
uncle, the Marquis, to the valuable situation of Serjeant at Arms
to the House of Commons, vice Colman, deceased. He mar-
ried July 1, 1810, Emily Byng, daughter of Viscount Torrington.

P. 566. George Francis Seymour, captain in the royal navy,
eldest son of Lord Hugh, married, in 1811, Georgina Mary,
second daughter of the Hon. Admiral Berkeley. Hugh, second
son, is a lieutenant in the third regiment of foot guards. Ho-
race, third son, is a cornet in the tenth dragoons.

P. 566. The Marquis of Hertford was appointed Lord
Chamberlain, by his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, March
5th, 1812.

The Earl of Yarmouth, his only son, was appointed Vice-
Chamberlain, March 10th following.

MARQUIS OF BUTE.— P. 568.

P. 578. Margaret, wife of the Hon. James Stuart Wortley,
died January 13th, 1808.

Charles Stuart, eldest son of the late Hon. Sir Charles Stuart,
is Minister at Lisbon ; and was employed in a diplomatic capacity
in Spain in 1808, I8O9, at the time of Sir John Moore's retreat ;
in the history of whose campaign Mr. Stuart's name continually
occurs. Captain John James Stuart, R. N. younger son of Sir
Charles, married, in November, I8O7, Albinia, daughter of the
Right Hon, John Sullivan, and died in March, 1811.

P. 580. Lord Henry Stuart, fifth son of the Marquis, died
of a consumption at Waldershare, in Kent, August 12tb, 1809;
his widow, Lady Gertrude, having survived him only till the
30th of the same month.

The Marquis married, secondly, September 7th, 1800,
Frances, second daughter of Thomas Coutts, Esq. banker in the
Strand ; by whom he has issue,

Eleventh, Lady Frances, born June 6th, 1801.
Twelfth, a son, born January 11th, 1803,

vol. 11. 2 T

Printed by T. Bensley,
Bolt-comt, ineet-s,trect, London.

O

BINDING — "T.JUL 2 6

HEGeneal
C712pe

r

University of Toronto
Library

M

DO NOT jf

1105,

1

o

M
M

O

n
h

o

H

s

REMOVE /

THE //

1

z

CARD

a z

m o
1 a)

03 til

5

FROM ^
THIS \

i

POCKET X

r-

C

C

1 «ffi

*. CM

j

1

H
Q

k

- —

>
1

4
4

I

Acme Library Card Pocket
LOWE-MARTIN CO. LIMITED